,,! ,,writ+s ,,( ,,?omas ,,pa9e1 ,,volume ,,ii4 ,by ,?omas ,pa9e ,collect$ ,& ,edit$ ,by ,moncure ,daniel ,conway #aggi - #agib ,r$actor's ,note3 ,repr9t$ f ! ,! ,writ+s ( ,?omas ,pa9e ,volume ,i 7#ahid - #ahif74 ,! au?or's notes are prec$$ by a 994 ,a ,table ( ,cont5ts has be5 add$ = ea* "p = ! conv5i5ce ( ! read] :i* is n includ$ 9 ! pr9t$ edition4 ,notes are at ! end ( ,"p ,,ii4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,xiii ,! ,rights ( ,man ,,"p ,,! ,,fir/ ,,be+ ,,an ,,answ] ,,to ,,mr4 ,,burke',s ,,attack ,,on ,,! ,,fr5* ,,revolution 99 ,editor's ,introduction 99 ,d$ication to ,george ,wa%+ton 99 ,preface to ! ,engli% ,edition 99 ,preface to ! ,fr5* ,edition 99 ,rights ( ,man 99 ,miscellane\s ,*apt] 99 ,conclusion ,,xiv ,! ,rights ( ,man ,,"p ,,! ,,second ,,comb9+ ,,pr9ciple ,,& ,,practice 99 ,fr5* ,translator's ,preface 99 ,d$ication to ,m4 de la ,fayette 99 ,preface 99 ,introduction 99 ,*apt] ,i ,( ,society & ,civilisation 99 ,*apt] ,,ii ,( ! ,orig9 ( ! ,pres5t ,old ,gov]nm5ts 99 ,*apt] ,,iii ,( ! ,old & ,new ,sy/ems ( ,gov]nm5t 99 ,*apt] ,,iv ,( ,con/itutions 99 ,*apt] ,v ,ways & ,means ( ,improv+ ! ,condition ( ,europe1 ,int]sp]s$ ) ,miscellane\s ,obs]vations 99 ,app5dix 99 ,notes ,,xiii4 ,,rights ,,( ,,man4 ,,editor',s ,,introduction4 ,,:5 ,?omas ,pa9e sail$ f ,am]ica = ,france1 9 ,april1 #aghg1 he 0 p]haps z happy a man z any 9 ! _w4 ,8 mo/ intimate fri5d1 ,jeff]son1 0 ,m9i/] at ,p>is1 & 8 fri5d ,lafayette 0 ! idol ( ,france4 ,8 fame _h prec$$ him1 & he at once became1 9 ,p>is1 ! c5tre ( ! same circle ( savants & philosoph]s t _h surr\nd$ ,frankl94 ,8 ma9 reason = proce$+ at once to ,p>is 0 t he might submit to ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces 8 inv5tion ( an iron bridge1 & ) its favorable v]dict he came to ,engl&1 9 ,septemb]4 ,he at once w5t to 8 ag$ "m at ,!t=d1 leav+ ) a publi%] 7,ridgway71 8 ,prospects on ! ,rubicon4 ,he next made arrangem5ts to pat5t 8 bridge1 & to con/ruct at ,ro!rham ! l>ge model ( x exhibit$ on ,padd+ton ,gre51 ,london4 ,he 0 welcom$ 9 ,engl& by lead+ /atesm51 su* z ,lansd[ne & ,fox1 & above all by ,edmund ,burke1 :o = "s "t _h him z a gue/ at ,beaconsfield1 & drove him ab\t 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,he _h n ! slighte/ revolution>y purpose1 ei!r z reg>d$ ,engl& or ,france4 ,t[>ds ,l\is ,,xvi4 he felt only gratitude = ! s]vices he _h r5d]$ ,am]ica1 & t[>ds ,george ,,iii4 he felt no animosity :atev]4 ,8 f\r mon?s' soj\rn 9 ,p>is _h conv9c$ him t !re 0 approa*+ a re=m ( t c\ntry aft] ! ,am]ican model1 except t ! ,cr[n w\ld be pres]v$1 a compromise he approv$1 provid$ ! ?rone %\ld n be h]$it>y4 ,ev5ts 9 ,france travell$ m swiftly ?an he _h anticipat$1 & ,pa9e 0 summon$ by ,lafayette1 ,condorcet1 & o!rs1 z an advis] 9 ! =mation ( a new con/itution4 ,su* 0 ! situation imm$iately prec$+ ! political & lit]>y duel betwe5 ,pa9e & ,burke1 :i* 9 ! ev5t turn$ out a trem5d\s w> betwe5 ,royalism & ,republicanism 9 ,europe4 ,pa9e 01 bo? 9 ,france & 9 ,engl&1 ! inspir] ( mod]ate c\nsels4 ,samuel ,rog]s relates t 9 e>ly life he d9$ at a fri5d's h\se 9 ,london ) ,?omas ,pa9e1 :5 "o ( ! toa/s giv5 0 ! memory ( ,jo%ua1--9 allusion to ! ,hebrew lead]'s conque/ ( ! k+s ( ,canaan1 & execution ( !m4 ,pa9e obs]v$ t he w\ld n treat k+s l ,jo%ua4 ,i 'm ( ! ,scot* p>son's op9ion1 he said1 :5 he pray$ aga9/ ,l\is ,,xiv4--,"l1 %ake him ov] ! m\? ( hell1 b don't let him drop6' ,pa9e !n gave z 8 toa/1 ,! ,republic ( ! ,_w1--:i* ,samuel ,rog]s1 ag$ tw5ty-n9e1 not$ z a sublime idea4 ,?is 0 ,pa9e's fai? & hope1 & ) x he confront$ ! revolution>y /orms :i* pres5tly bur/ ov] ,france & ,engl&4 ,until ,burke's arraignm5t ( ,france 9 8 p>liam5t>y spee* 7,febru>y #i1 #agij71 ,pa9e _h no d\bt :atev] t he w\ld sympa?ize ) ! movem5t 9 ,france1 & wrote to him f t c\ntry z if convey+ glad tid+s4 ,burke's ,reflections on ! ,revolution 9 ,france appe>$ ,novemb] #a1 #agij1 & ,pa9e at once set himself to answ] x4 ,he 0 !n /ay+ at ! ,angel ,inn1 ,isl+ton4 ,! inn has be5 twice rebuilt s9ce t "t1 & f its cont5ts !re is pres]v$ only a small image1 :i* p]haps 0 meant to repres5t ,lib]ty1--possibly br\ght f ,p>is by ,pa9e z an ornam5t = 8 /udy4 ,f ! ,angel he remov$ to a h\se 9 ,h>d+ ,/reet1 ,fett] ,lane4 ,rickman says ,"p ,fir/ ( ,rights ( ,man 0 f9i%$ at ,v]sailles1 b probably ?is has ref]5ce to ! preface only1 z ,i _c f9d ,pa9e 9 ,france t ye> until ,april #h4 ,! book _h be5 pr9t$ by ,johnson1 9 "t = ! op5+ ( ,p>liam5t1 9 ,febru>y2 b ?is publi%] became fright5$ aft] a few copies 7 out 7!re is "o 9 ! ,briti% ,museum71 & ! "w 0 transf]r$ to ,j4 ,s4 ,jordan1 #aff ,fleet ,/reet1 ) a preface s5t f ,p>is 7n conta9$ 9 ,johnson's edition1 nor 9 ! ,am]ican editions74 ,! pamphlet1 ?\gh sold at ! same price z ,burke's1 ?ree %ill+s1 _h a va/ circulation1 & ,pa9e gave ! proce$s to ! ,con/itutional ,societies :i* sprang up "u 8 tea*+s 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,soon aft] appe>$ ,burke's ,appeal f ! ,new to ! ,old ,:igs4 ,9 ?is ,burke quot$ a good deal f ,rights ( ,man1 b repli$ to x only ) exclamation po9ts1 say+ t ! only answ] su* ideas m]it$ 0 crim9al ju/ice4 ,pa9e's ,"p ,second foll[$1 publi%$ ,febru>y #ag1 #agib4 ,9 ,"p ,fir/ ,pa9e _h m5tion$ a rumor t ,burke 0 a mask$ p5sion] 7a *>ge t w be notic$ 9 connection ) its detail$ /atem5t 9 a fur!r publication72 & z ,burke _h be5 =m]ly arraign$ 9 ,p>liam5t1 :ile ,payma/]1 = a v que/ionable proce$+1 ?is *>ge no d\bt hurt a good deal4 ,al?\gh ! gov]nm5t did n foll[ ,burke's sugge/ion ( a prosecution at t "t1 !re is little d\bt t x 0 he :o induc$ ! prosecution ( ,"p ,second4 ,be=e ! trial came on1 ,decemb] #ah1 #agib1 ,pa9e 0 occupy+ 8 seat 9 ! ,fr5* ,conv5tion1 & c\ld only be outlaw$4 ,burke humor\sly rem>k$ to a fri5d ( ,pa9e & himself1 ,we hunt 9 pairs4 ,! sev]ally repres5tative "* & influ5ce ( ^! two m5 9 ! revolution>y era1 9 ,france & ,engl&1 des]ve m adequate /udy ?an !y h receiv$4 ,:ile ,pa9e ma9ta9$ fre$om ( discussion1 ,burke fir/ propos$ crim9al prosecution = s5tim5ts by no means libell\s 7su* z ,pa9e's ,"p ,fir/74 ,:ile ,pa9e 0 endeavor+ to make ! movem5t 9 ,france peaceful1 ,burke fom5t$ ! league ( mon>*s aga9/ ,france :i* madd5$ its p1 & br\ght on ! ,reign ( ,t]ror4 ,:ile ,pa9e 0 endeavor+ to pres]ve ! ,fr5* ?rone 7phantom ?\gh he believ$ x71 to prev5t blood%$1 ,burke 0 secretly writ+ to ! ,que5 ( ,france1 entreat+ h] n to compromise1 & to tru/ to ! support ( =eign armies 7,hi/oire de ,france depuis #aghi4 ,h5ri ,m>t91 i41 #aea74 ,:ile ,burke ?us help$ to br+ ! ,k+ & ,que5 to ! guillot9e1 ,pa9e plead$ = _! lives to ! la/ mom5t4 ,:ile ,pa9e ma9ta9$ ! "r ( mank9d to improve _! condition1 ,burke held t ! awful ,au?or ( our be+ is ! au?or ( our place 9 ! ord] ( exi/5ce2 & t1 hav+ dispos$ & m>%all$ u by a div9e tactick1 n accord+ to our w1 b accord+ to 81 he has1 9 & by t disposition1 virtually subject$ u to act ! "p :i* belongs to ! place assign$ u4 ,pa9e 0 a religi\s believ] 9 et]nal pr9ciples2 ,burke held t political problems d n prim>ily conc]n tru? or falsehood4 ,!y relate to good or evil4 ,:at 9 ! result is likely to produce evil is politically false1 t :i* is productive ( good politically is true4 ,assum+ ?us ! vision>y's "r to decide be=e ! result :at 0 likely to produce evil1 ,burke vigor\sly s\ght to k9dle w> aga9/ ! ,fr5* ,republic :i* might h develop$ itself peacefully1 :ile ,pa9e 0 /riv+ = an int]national ,congress 9 ,europe 9 ! int]e/ ( peace4 ,pa9e _h fai? 9 ! p1 & believ$ t1 if all[$ to *oose repres5tatives1 !y w\ld select _! be/ & wise/ m52 & t :ile re=m+ gov]nm5t ! p w\ld rema9 ord]ly1 z !y _h g5]ally rema9$ 9 ,am]ica dur+ ! transition f ,briti% rule to selfgov]nm5t4 ,burke ma9ta9$ t if ! exi/+ political ord] 7 brok5 up !re w\ld be no long] a p1 b a numb] ( vague1 loose individuals1 & no?+ m4 ,alas6 he exclaims1 !y little "k h[ _m a we>y /ep is to be tak5 be=e !y c =m !mselves into a mass1 :i* has a true p]sonality4 ,= ! sake ( peace ,pa9e wi%$ ! revolution to be peaceful z ! advance ( summ]2 he us$ e endeavor to reconcile ,engli% radicals to "s modus viv5di ) ! exi/+ ord]1 z he 0 will+ to reta9 ,l\is ,,xvi4 z head ( ! executive 9 ,france3 ,burke resi/$ e t5d5cy ( ,engli% /atesman%ip to re=m at home1 or to negotiate ) ! ,fr5* ,republic1 & 0 ma9ly responsible = ! ,k+'s dea? & ! w> t foll[$ betwe5 ,engl& & ,france 9 ,febru>y1 #agic4 ,burke became a royal favorite1 ,pa9e 0 outlaw$ by a prosecution orig9ally propos$ by ,burke4 ,:ile ,pa9e 0 dem&+ religi\s lib]ty1 ,burke 0 oppos+ ! removal ( p5al /atutes f ,unit>ians1 on ! gr\nd t b = ^? /atutes ,pa9e might "s day set up a *ur* 9 ,engl&4 ,:5 ,burke 0 retir+ on a l>ge royal p5sion1 ,pa9e 0 9 prison1 ?r\gh ! devices ( ,burke's conf$]ate1 ! ,am]ican ,m9i/] 9 ,p>is4 ,s ! two m51 z ,burke said1 hunt$ 9 pairs4 ,s f> z ,burke attempts to affirm any pr9ciple he is fairly quot$ 9 ,pa9e's "w1 & n[h]e misrepres5t$4 ,z = ,pa9e's own ideas1 ! read] %\ld rememb] t ,rights ( ,man 0 ! e>lie/ complete /atem5t ( republican pr9ciples4 ,!y 7 pron\nc$ to be ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! ,am]ican ,republic by ,jeff]son1 ,madison1 & ,jackson1-! ?ree ,presid5ts :o above all o!rs repres5t$ ! republican idea :i* ,pa9e fir/ alli$ ) ,am]ican ,indep5d5ce4 ,^? :o suppose t ,pa9e did b reproduce ! pr9ciples ( ,r\sseau & ,locke w f9d by c>eful /udy ( 8 well-weigh$ language t su* is n ! case4 ,pa9e's political pr9ciples 7 evolv$ out ( 8 e>ly ,quak]ism4 ,he 0 pot5tial 9 ,george ,fox4 ,! belief t e human s\l 0 ! *ild ( ,god1 & capable ( direct inspiration f ! ,fa!r ( all1 )\t m$iator or prie/ly int]v5tion1 or sacram5tal in/rum5tality1 0 fatal to all privilege & rank4 ,! univ]sal ,fa!rhood impli$ univ]sal ,bro!rhood1 or human equality4 ,b ! fate ( ! ,quak]s prov$ ! necessity ( protect+ ! individual _s f oppression by ! majority z well z by privileg$ classes4 ,= ?is purpose ,pa9e insi/$ on surr\nd+ ! individual "r ) ! security ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,rights1 n to be invad$ by any gov]nm5t2 & w\ld r$uce gov]nm5t to an association limit$ 9 its op]ations to ! def5ce ( ^? rights :i* ! individual is unable1 alone1 to ma9ta94 ,f ! prec$+ *apt] x w be se5 t ,"p ,second ( ,rights ( ,man 0 begun by ,pa9e 9 ! spr+ ( #agia4 ,at ! close ( t ye>1 or e>ly 9 #agib1 he took up 8 abode ) 8 fri5d ,?omas ,clio ,rickman1 at ,no4 #g ,upp] ,m>ylebone ,/reet4 ,rickman 0 a radical publi%]2 ! h\se rema9s /ill a book-b9d+ e/abli%m5t1 & seems little *ang$ s9ce ,pa9e !re9 revis$ ! pro(s ( ,"p ,second on a table :i* ,rickman m>k$ ) a plate1 & :i* is n[ 9 possession ( ,mr4 ,edw>d ,truelove4 ,z ! plate /ates1 ,pa9e wrote on ! same table o!r works :i* appe>$ 9 ,engl& 9 #agib4 ,9 #agie ,d4 ,i4 ,eaton publi%$ an edition ( ,rights ( ,man1 ) a preface purport+ to h be5 writt5 by ,pa9e :ile 9 ,luxemb\rg prison4 ,x is manife/ly spuri\s4 ,! g5u9e ,engli% & ,fr5* prefaces are giv54 ,,rights ,,( ,,man ,be+ ,an ,answ] ,to ,mr4 ,burke's ,attack ,on ,! ,fr5* ,revol\tion ,by ,?omas ,pa9e ,secret>y ,= ,=eign ,affairs ,to ,congress ,9 ,! ,am]ican ,w>1 ,& ,au?or ,( ,! ,works ,entitl$ ,common ,s5se ,& ,a ,lett] ,to ,abb ,raynal ,,d$ication ,george ,wa%+ton ,presid5t ,( ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,( ,am]ica ,sir1 ,i pres5t y a small treatise 9 def5ce ( ^? pr9ciples ( fre$om :i* y\r exempl>y virtue ha? s em95tly contribut$ to e/abli%4 ,t ! ,rights ( ,man may become z univ]sal z y\r b5evol5ce c wi%1 & t y may enjoy ! happ9ess ( see+ ! ,new ,_w reg5]ate ! ,old1 is ! pray] ( ,sir1 ,y\r mu* oblig$1 & ,ob$i5t humble ,s]vant1 ,?omas ,pa9e ,,pa9e',s ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,engli% ,,edition ,f ! "p ,mr4 ,burke took 9 ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 x 0 natural t ,i %\ld consid] him a fri5d to mank9d2 & z our acqua9tance comm5c$ on t gr\nd1 x w\ld h be5 m agreeable to me to h _h cause to cont9ue 9 t op9ion ?an to *ange x4 ,at ! "t ,mr4 ,burke made 8 viol5t spee* la/ w9t] 9 ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t aga9/ ! ,fr5* ,revolution & ! ,national ,assembly1 ,i 0 9 ,p>is1 & _h writt5 to him b a %ort "t be=e to in=m him h[ prosp]\sly matt]s 7 go+ on4 ,soon aft] ?is ,i saw 8 adv]tisem5t ( ! ,pamphlet he int5d$ to publi%3 ,z ! attack 0 to be made 9 a language b little /udi$1 & less und]/ood 9 ,france1 & z ev]y?+ suff]s by translation1 ,i promis$ "s ( ! fri5ds ( ! ,revolution 9 t c\ntry t :5ev] ,mr4 ,burke's ,pamphlet came =?1 ,i w\ld answ] x4 ,?is appe>$ to me ! m necess>y to be done1 :5 ,i saw ! flagrant misrepres5tations :i* ,mr4 ,burke's ,pamphlet conta9s2 & t :ile x is an outrage\s abuse on ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 & ! pr9ciples ( ,lib]ty1 x is an imposition on ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,i am ! m a/oni%$ & disappo9t$ at ?is conduct 9 ,mr4 ,burke1 z 7f ! circum/ances ,i am go+ to m5tion7 ,i _h =m$ o!r expectations4 ,i _h se5 en\gh ( ! mis]ies ( w>1 to wi% x might nev] m h exi/5ce 9 ! _w1 & t "s o!r mode might be f\nd out to settle ! diff]5ces t %\ld occasionally arise 9 ! neighb\rhood ( nations4 ,?is c]ta9ly might be done if ,c\rts 7 dispos$ to set hone/y ab\t x1 or if c\ntries 7 enlight5$ en\gh n to be made ! dupes ( ,c\rts4 ,! p ( ,am]ica _h be5 br$ up 9 ! same prejudices aga9/ ,france1 :i* at t "t *>act]is$ ! p ( ,engl&2 b exp]i5ce & an acqua9tance ) ! ,fr5* ,nation h mo/ effectually %[n to ! ,am]icans ! falsehood ( ^? prejudices2 & ,i d n believe t a m cordial & confid5tial int]c\rse exi/s betwe5 any two c\ntries ?an betwe5 ,am]ica & ,france4 ,:5 ,i came to ,france1 9 ! spr+ ( #aghg1 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,?\l\se 0 !n ,m9i/]1 & at t "t highly e/eem$4 ,i became mu* acqua9t$ ) ! private ,secret>y ( t ,m9i/]1 a man ( an enl>g$ b5evol5t he>t2 & f\nd t 8 s5tim5ts & my own p]fectly agre$ ) respect to ! madness ( w>1 & ! wret*$ impolicy ( two nations1 l ,engl& & ,france1 cont9ually worry+ ea* o!r1 to no o!r end ?an t ( a mutual increase ( burd5s & taxes4 ,t ,i might be assur$ ,i _h n misund]/ood him1 nor he me1 ,i put ! sub/ance ( our op9ions into writ+ & s5t x to him2 subjo9+ a reque/1 t if ,i %\ld see among ! p ( ,engl&1 any disposition to cultivate a bett] und]/&+ betwe5 ! two nations ?an _h hi!rto prevail$1 h[ f> ,i might be au?oris$ to say t ! same disposition prevail$ on ! "p ( ,france8 ,he answ]$ me by lett] 9 ! mo/ unres]v$ mann]1 & t n = himself only1 b = ! ,m9i/]1 ) ^: k ! lett] 0 decl>$ to be writt54 ,i put ?is lett] into ! h&s ( ,mr4 ,burke almo/ ?ree ye>s ago1 & left x ) him1 :]e x /ill rema9s2 hop+1 & at ! same "t naturally expect+1 f ! op9ion ,i _h conceiv$ ( him1 t he w\ld f9d "s opportunity ( mak+ good use ( x1 = ! purpose ( remov+ ^? errors & prejudices :i* two neighb\r+ nations1 f ! want ( kn[+ ea* o!r1 _h ent]ta9$1 to ! injury ( bo?4 ,:5 ! ,fr5* ,revolution broke out1 x c]ta9ly af=d$ to ,mr4 ,burke an opportunity ( do+ "s good1 _h he be5 dispos$ to x2 in/ead ( :i*1 no soon] did he see ! old prejudices we>+ away1 ?an he imm$iately began s[+ ! se$s ( a new invet]acy1 z if he 7 afraid t ,engl& & ,france w\ld cease to be enemies4 ,t !re are m5 9 all c\ntries :o get _! liv+ by w>1 & by keep+ up ! qu>rels ( ,nations1 is z %ock+ z x is true2 b :5 ^? :o are conc]n$ 9 ! gov]nm5t ( a c\ntry1 make x _! /udy to s[ discord & cultivate prejudices betwe5 ,nations1 x becomes ! m unp>donable4 ,) respect to a p>agraph 9 ?is "w allud+ to ,mr4 ,burke's hav+ a p5sion1 ! report has be5 "s "t 9 circulation1 at lea/ two mon?s2 & z a p]son is (t5 ! la/ to he> :at conc]ns him ! mo/ to "k1 ,i h m5tion$ x1 t ,mr4 ,burke may h an opportunity ( contradict+ ! rum\r1 if he ?9ks prop]4 ,?omas ,pa9e ,,pa9e',s ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,fr5* ,,edition ,! a/oni%m5t :i* ! ,fr5* ,revolution has caus$ ?r\gh\t ,europe %\ld be consid]$ f two diff]5t po9ts ( view3 fir/ z x affects =eign peoples1 secondly z x affects _! gov]nm5ts4 ,! cause ( ! ,fr5* p is t ( all ,europe1 or r ( ! :ole _w2 b ! gov]nm5ts ( all ^? c\ntries are by no means favorable to x4 ,x is important t we %\ld nev] lose sight ( ?is di/9ction4 ,we mu/ n confuse ! peoples ) _! gov]nm5ts2 especially n ! ,engli% p ) its gov]nm5t4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ,engl& is no fri5d ( ! revolution ( ,france4 ,( ?is we h suffici5t pro(s 9 ! ?anks giv5 by t weak & witless p]son1 ! ,elector ( ,hanov]1 sometimes call$ ! ,k+ ( ,engl&1 to ,mr4 ,burke = ! insults heap$ on x 9 8 book1 & 9 ! malevol5t comm5ts ( ! ,engli% ,m9i/]1 ,pitt1 9 8 spee*es 9 ,p>liam5t4 ,9 spite ( ! pr(essions ( s9c]e/ fri5d%ip f\nd 9 ! (ficial correspond5ce ( ! ,engli% gov]nm5t ) t ( ,france1 its conduct gives ! lie to all its decl>ations1 & %[s u cle>ly t x is n a c\rt to be tru/$1 b an insane c\rt1 plung+ 9 all ! qu>rels & intrigues ( ,europe1 9 que/ ( a w> to satisfy its folly & c\nt5ance its extravagance4 ,! ,engli% nation1 on ! contr>y1 is v favorably dispos$ t[>ds ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 & to ! progress ( lib]ty 9 ! :ole _w2 & ?is feel+ w become m g5]al 9 ,engl& z ! intrigues & artifices ( its gov]nm5t are bett] kn[n1 & ! pr9ciples ( ! revolution bett] und]/ood4 ,! ,fr5* %\ld "k t mo/ ,engli% newspap]s are directly 9 ! pay ( gov]nm5t1 or1 if indirectly connect$ ) x1 always "u its ord]s2 & t ^? pap]s con/antly di/ort & attack ! revolution 9 ,france 9 ord] to deceive ! nation4 ,b1 z x is impossible long to prev5t ! preval5ce ( tru?1 ! daily falsehoods ( ^? pap]s no long] h ! desir$ effect4 ,to be conv9c$ t ! voice ( tru? has be5 /ifl$ 9 ,engl&1 ! _w ne$s only to be told t ! gov]nm5t reg>ds & prosecutes z a libel t :i* x %\ld protect499#a ,?is outrage on morality is call$ law1 & judges are f\nd wick$ en\gh to inflict p5alties on tru?4 ,! ,engli% gov]nm5t pres5ts1 j n[1 a curi\s ph5om5on4 ,see+ t ! ,fr5* & ,engli% nations are gett+ rid ( ! prejudices & false notions =m]ly ent]ta9$ aga9/ ea* o!r1 & :i* h co/ !m s mu* money1 t gov]nm5t seems to be plac>d+ its ne$ ( a foe2 = unless x f9ds "o some:]e1 no pretext exi/s = ! enorm\s rev5ue & taxation n[ deem$ necess>y4 ,!re=e x seeks 9 ,russia ! enemy x has lo/ 9 ,france1 & appe>s to say to ! univ]se1 or to say to itself4 ,if nobody w be s k9d z to become my foe1 ,i %all ne$ no m fleets nor armies1 & %all be =c$ to r$uce my taxes4 ,! ,am]ican w> enabl$ me to d\ble ! taxes2 ! ,dut* bus9ess to add m2 ! ,nootka humbug gave me a pretext = rais+ ?ree millions /]l+ m2 b unless ,i c make an enemy ( ,russia ! h>ve/ f w>s w end4 ,i 0 ! fir/ to incite ,turk aga9/ ,russian1 & n[ ,i hope to reap a fre% crop ( taxes4 ,if ! mis]ies ( w>1 & ! flood ( evils x spreads ov] a c\ntry1 did n *eck all incl9ation to mir?1 & turn laught] into grief1 ! frantic conduct ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,engl& w\ld only excite ridicule4 ,b x is impossible to bani% f "o's m9d ! images ( suff]+ :i* ! contemplation ( su* vici\s policy pres5ts4 ,to reason ) gov]nm5ts1 z !y h exi/$ = ages1 is to argue ) brutes4 ,x is only f ! nations !mselves t re=ms c be expect$4 ,!re ought n n[ to exi/ any d\bt t ! peoples ( ,france1 ,engl&1 & ,am]ica1 enlight5$ & enlight5+ ea* o!r1 %all h5ce=? be able1 n m]ely to give ! _w an example ( good gov]nm5t1 b by _! unit$ influ5ce en=ce its practice4 7,translat$ f ! ,fr5*7 ,,rights ,,( ,,man4 ,,"p ,,! ,,fir/ ,,be+ ,,an ,,answ] ,,to ,,mr4 ,,burke',s ,,attack ,,on ,,! ,,fr5* ,,revolution ,among ! incivilities by :i* nations or individuals provoke & irritate ea* o!r1 ,mr4 ,burke's pamphlet on ! ,fr5* ,revolution is an extraord9>y in/ance4 ,nei!r ! ,p ( ,france1 nor ! ,national ,assembly1 7 tr\bl+ !mselves ab\t ! affairs ( ,engl&1 or ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t2 & t ,mr4 ,burke %\ld comm5ce an unprovok$ attack ^u !m1 bo? 9 ,p>liam5t & 9 public1 is a conduct t _c be p>don$ on ! score ( mann]s1 nor ju/ifi$ on t ( policy4 ,!re is sc>cely an epi!t ( abuse to be f\nd 9 ! ,engli% language1 ) :i* ,mr4 ,burke has n load$ ! ,fr5* ,nation & ! ,national ,assembly4 ,ev]y?+ :i* ranc\r1 prejudice1 ignorance or k c\ld sugge/1 is p\r$ =? 9 ! copi\s fury ( ne> f\r hundr$ pages4 ,9 ! /ra9 & on ! plan ,mr4 ,burke 0 writ+1 he might h writt5 on to z _m ?\s&s4 ,:5 ! tongue or ! p5 is let loose 9 a fr5zy ( passion1 x is ! man1 & n ! subject1 t becomes exhau/$4 ,hi!rto ,mr4 ,burke has be5 mi/ak5 & disappo9t$ 9 ! op9ions he _h =m$ ( ! affairs ( ,france2 b su* is ! +5uity ( 8 hope1 or ! malignancy ( 8 despair1 t x furni%es him ) new pret5ces to g on4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 x 0 impossible to make ,mr4 ,burke believe !re w\ld be any ,revolution 9 ,france4 ,8 op9ion !n 01 t ! ,fr5* _h nei!r _s to und]take x nor =titude to support x2 & n[ t !re is "o1 he seeks an escape by condemn+ x4 ,n suffici5tly cont5t ) abus+ ! ,national ,assembly1 a great "p ( 8 "w is tak5 up ) abus+ ,dr4 ,price 7"o ( ! be/-he>t$ m5 t lives7 & ! two societies 9 ,engl& kn[n by ! "n ( ! ,revolution ,society & ! ,society = ,con/itutional ,in=mation4 ,dr4 ,price _h prea*$ a s]mon on ! #d? ( ,novemb]1 #aghi1 be+ ! anniv]s>y ( :at is call$ 9 ,engl& ! ,revolution1 :i* took place #afhh4 ,mr4 ,burke1 speak+ ( ?is s]mon1 says3 ,! political ,div9e proce$s dogmatically to ass]t1 t by ! pr9ciples ( ! ,revolution1 ! p ( ,engl& h acquir$ ?ree fundam5tal rights3 #a4 ,to *oose our own gov]nors4 #b4 ,to ca%i] !m = misconduct4 #c4 ,to frame a gov]nm5t = ourselves4 ,dr4 ,price does n say t ! "r to d ^! ?+s exi/s 9 ?is or 9 t p]son1 or 9 ?is or 9 t description ( p]sons1 b t x exi/s 9 ! :ole2 t x is a "r resid5t 9 ! nation4 ,mr4 ,burke1 on ! contr>y1 d5ies t su* a "r exi/s 9 ! nation1 ei!r 9 :ole or 9 "p1 or t x exi/s any:]e2 &1 :at is /ill m /range & m>vell\s1 he says3 t ! p ( ,engl& utt]ly disclaim su* a "r1 & t !y w resi/ ! practical ass]tion ( x ) _! lives & =tunes4 ,t m5 %\ld take up arms & sp5d _! lives & =tunes1 n to ma9ta9 _! rights1 b to ma9ta9 !y h n rights1 is an entirely new species ( discov]y1 & suit$ to ! p>adoxical g5ius ( ,mr4 ,burke4 ,! me?od :i* ,mr4 ,burke takes to prove t ! p ( ,engl& h no su* rights1 & t su* rights d n n[ exi/ 9 ! nation1 ei!r 9 :ole or 9 "p1 or any:]e at all1 is ( ! same m>vell\s & mon/r\s k9d ) :at he has already said2 = 8 argum5ts are t ! p]sons1 or ! g5]ation ( p]sons1 9 :om !y did exi/1 are dead1 & ) !m ! "r is dead also4 ,to prove ?is1 he quotes a decl>ation made by ,p>liam5t ab\t a hundr$ ye>s ago1 to ,william & ,m>y1 9 ^! words3 ,! ,lords ,spiritual & ,temporal1 & ,commons1 d1 9 ! "n ( ! p a=esaid 7mean+ ! p ( ,engl& !n liv+7 mo/ humbly & fai?fully submit !mselves1 _! heirs & po/]ities1 = ,ev]4 ,he quotes a clause ( ano!r ,act ( ,p>liam5t made 9 ! same reign1 ! t]ms ( :i* he says1 b9d u 7mean+ ! p ( _! day71 our heirs & our po/]ity1 to !m1 _! heirs & po/]ity1 to ! end ( "t4 ,mr4 ,burke conceives 8 po9t suffici5tly e/abli%$ by produc+ ^? clauses1 :i* he en=ces by say+ t !y exclude ! "r ( ! nation = ev]4 ,& n yet cont5t ) mak+ su* decl>ations1 repeat$ ov] & ov] aga91 he f>!r says1 t if ! p ( ,engl& possess$ su* a "r be=e ! ,revolution 7:i* he ackn[l$ges to h be5 ! case1 n only 9 ,engl&1 b ?r\gh\t ,europe1 at an e>ly p]iod71 yet t ! ,engli% ,nation did1 at ! "t ( ! ,revolution1 mo/ solemnly r5\nce & abdicate x1 = !mselves1 & = all _! po/]ity1 = ev]4 ,z ,mr4 ,burke occasionally applies ! poison drawn f 8 horrid pr9ciples1 n only to ! ,engli% nation1 b to ! ,fr5* ,revolution & ! ,national ,assembly1 & *>ges t augu/1 illum9at$ & illum9at+ body ( m5 ) ! epi!t ( usurp]s1 ,i %all1 sans c]emonie1 place ano!r sy/em ( pr9ciples 9 opposition to 84 ,! ,engli% ,p>liam5t ( #afhh did a c]ta9 ?+1 :i*1 = !mselves & _! con/itu5ts1 !y _h a "r to d1 & :i* x appe>$ "r %\ld be done4 ,b1 9 addition to ?is "r1 :i* !y possess$ by delegation1 !y set up ano!r "r by assumption1 t ( b9d+ & controll+ po/]ity to ! end ( "t4 ,! case1 !re=e1 divides itself into two p>ts2 ! "r :i* !y possess$ by delegation1 & ! "r :i* !y set up by assumption4 ,! fir/ is admitt$2 b ) respect to ! second1 ,i reply3 ,!re nev] did1 !re nev] w1 & !re nev] c1 exi/ a ,p>liam5t1 or any description ( m51 or any g5]ation ( m51 9 any c\ntry1 possess$ ( ! "r or ! p[] ( b9d+ & controll+ po/]ity to ! end ( "t1 or ( comm&+ = ev] h[ ! _w %all be gov]n$1 or :o %all gov]n x2 & !re=e all su* clauses1 acts or decl>ations by :i* ! mak]s ( !m attempt to d :at !y h nei!r ! "r nor ! p[] to d1 nor ! p[] to execute1 are 9 !mselves null & void4 ,e age & g5]ation mu/ be z free to act = itself 9 all cases z ! age & g5]ations :i* prec$$ x4 ,! vanity & presumption ( gov]n+ beyond ! grave is ! mo/ ridicul\s & insol5t ( all tyrannies4 ,man has no prop]ty 9 man2 nei!r has any g5]ation a prop]ty 9 ! g5]ations :i* are to foll[4 ,! ,p>liam5t or ! p ( #afhh1 or ( any o!r p]iod1 _h no m "r to dispose ( ! p ( ! pres5t day1 or to b9d or to control !m 9 any %ape :atev]1 ?an ! p>liam5t or ! p ( ! pres5t day h to dispose (1 b9d or control ^? :o are to live a hundr$ or a ?\s& ye>s h5ce4 ,e g5]ation is1 & mu/ be1 compet5t to all ! purposes :i* its occasions require4 ,x is ! liv+1 & n ! dead1 t are to be accommodat$4 ,:5 man ceases to be1 8 p[] & 8 wants cease ) him2 & hav+ no long] any p>ticipation 9 ! conc]ns ( ?is _w1 he has no long] any au?ority 9 direct+ :o %all be its gov]nors1 or h[ its gov]nm5t %all be organis$1 or h[ adm9i/]$4 ,i am n cont5d+ = nor aga9/ any =m ( gov]nm5t1 nor = nor aga9/ any p>ty1 "h or else:]e4 ,t :i* a :ole nation *ooses to d x has a "r to d4 ,mr4 ,burke says1 ,no4 ,:]e1 !n1 does ! "r exi/8 ,i am cont5d+ = ! rights ( ! liv+1 & aga9/ _! be+ will$ away & controll$ & contract$ = by ! manuscript assum$ au?ority ( ! dead1 & ,mr4 ,burke is cont5d+ = ! au?ority ( ! dead ov] ! rights & fre$om ( ! liv+4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 k+s dispos$ ( _! cr[ns by w ^u _! dea?-b$s1 & consign$ ! p1 l bea/s ( ! field1 to :atev] successor !y appo9t$4 ,?is is n[ s explod$ z sc>cely to be rememb]$1 & s mon/r\s z h>dly to be believ$4 ,b ! ,p>liam5t>y clauses ^u :i* ,mr4 ,burke builds 8 political *ur* are ( ! same nature4 ,! laws ( e c\ntry mu/ be analog\s to "s common pr9ciple4 ,9 ,engl& no p>5t or ma/]1 nor all ! au?ority ( ,p>liam5t1 omnipot5t z x has call$ itself1 c b9d or control ! p]sonal fre$om ev5 ( an individual beyond ! age ( tw5ty-"o ye>s4 ,on :at gr\nd ( "r1 !n1 c\ld ! ,p>liam5t ( #afhh1 or any o!r ,p>liam5t1 b9d all po/]ity = ev]8 ,^? :o h quitt$ ! _w1 & ^? :o h n yet arriv$ at x1 are z remote f ea* o!r z ! utmo/ /ret* ( mortal imag9ation c conceive4 ,:at possible obligation1 !n1 c exi/ betwe5 !m--:at rule or pr9ciple c be laid d[n t ( two non5tities1 ! "o out ( exi/5ce & ! o!r n 91 & :o nev] c meet 9 ?is _w1 ! "o %\ld control ! o!r to ! end ( "t8 ,9 ,engl& x is said t money _c be tak5 out ( ! pockets ( ! p )\t _! cons5t4 ,b :o au?oris$1 or :o c\ld au?orise1 ! ,p>liam5t ( #afhh to control & take away ! fre$om ( po/]ity 7:o 7 n 9 exi/5ce to give or to )hold _! cons5t7 & limit & conf9e _! "r ( act+ 9 c]ta9 cases = ev]8 ,a great] absurdity _c pres5t itself to ! und]/&+ ( man ?an :at ,mr4 ,burke (f]s to 8 read]s4 ,he tells !m1 & he tells ! _w to come1 t a c]ta9 body ( m5 :o exi/$ a hundr$ ye>s ago made a law1 & t !re does n exi/ 9 ! nation1 nor ev] w1 nor ev] c1 a p[] to alt] x4 ,"u h[ _m subtilties or absurdities has ! div9e "r to gov]n be5 impos$ on ! cr$ulity ( mank9d8 ,mr4 ,burke has discov]$ a new "o1 & he has %ort5$ 8 j\rney to ,rome by appeal+ to ! p[] ( ?is infallible ,p>liam5t ( =m] days1 & he produces :at x has done z ( div9e au?ority1 = t p[] mu/ c]ta9ly be m ?an human :i* no human p[] to ! end ( "t c alt]4 ,b ,mr4 ,burke has done "s s]vice--n to 8 cause1 b to 8 c\ntry--by br++ ^? clauses into public view4 ,!y s]ve to demon/rate h[ necess>y x is at all times to wat* aga9/ ! attempt$ encroa*m5t ( p[]1 & to prev5t its runn+ to excess4 ,x is some:at extraord9>y t ! (f5ce = :i* ,james ,,ii4 0 expell$1 t ( sett+ up p[] by assumption1 %\ld be re-act$1 "u ano!r %ape & =m1 by ! ,p>liam5t t expell$ him4 ,x %[s t ! ,rights ( ,man 7 b imp]fectly und]/ood at ! ,revolution1 = c]ta9 x is t ! "r :i* t ,p>liam5t set up by assumption 7= by ! delegation x _h n1 & c\ld n h x1 because none c\ld give x7 ov] ! p]sons & fre$om ( po/]ity = ev] 0 ( ! same tyrannical unf\nd$ k9d :i* ,james attempt$ to set up ov] ! ,p>liam5t & ! nation1 & = :i* he 0 expell$4 ,! only diff]5ce is 7= 9 pr9ciple !y diff] n7 t ! "o 0 an usurp] ov] liv+1 & ! o!r ov] ! unborn2 & z ! "o has no bett] au?ority to /& ^u ?an ! o!r1 bo? ( !m mu/ be equally null & void1 & ( no effect4 ,f :at1 or f :5ce1 does ,mr4 ,burke prove ! "r ( any human p[] to b9d po/]ity = ev]8 ,he has produc$ 8 clauses1 b he mu/ produce also 8 pro(s t su* a "r exi/$1 & %[ h[ x exi/$4 ,if x ev] exi/$ x mu/ n[ exi/1 = :atev] app]ta9s to ! nature ( man _c be annihilat$ by man4 ,x is ! nature ( man to die1 & he w cont9ue to die z long z he cont9ues to be born4 ,b ,mr4 ,burke has set up a sort ( political ,adam1 9 :om all po/]ity are b\nd = ev]4 ,he mu/1 !re=e1 prove t 8 ,adam possess$ su* a p[]1 or su* a "r4 ,! weak] any cord is1 ! less w x be> to be /ret*$1 & ! worse is ! policy to /ret* x1 unless x is int5d$ to break x4 ,_h anyone propos$ ! ov]?r[ ( ,mr4 ,burke's positions1 he w\ld h proce$$ z ,mr4 ,burke has done4 ,he w\ld h magnifi$ ! au?orities1 on purpose to h call$ ! "r ( !m into "q2 & ! in/ant ! "q ( "r 0 />t$1 ! au?orities mu/ h be5 giv5 up4 ,x requires b a v small glance ( ?\ght to p]ceive t al?\gh laws made 9 "o g5]ation (t5 cont9ue 9 =ce ?r\gh succe$+ g5]ations1 yet !y cont9ue to d]ive _! =ce f ! cons5t ( ! liv+4 ,a law n repeal$ cont9ues 9 =ce1 n because x _c be repeal$1 b because x is n repeal$2 & ! non-repeal+ passes = cons5t4 ,b ,mr4 ,burke's clauses h n ev5 ?is qualification 9 _! fav\r4 ,!y become null1 by attempt+ to become immortal4 ,! nature ( !m precludes cons5t4 ,!y de/roy ! "r :i* !y might h1 by gr\nd+ x on a "r :i* !y _c h4 ,immortal p[] is n a human "r1 & !re=e _c be a "r ( ,p>liam5t4 ,! ,p>liam5t ( #afhh might z well h pass$ an act to h au?oris$ !mselves to live = ev]1 z to make _! au?ority live = ev]4 ,all1 !re=e1 t c be said ( ^? clauses is t !y are a =mality ( words1 ( z mu* import z if ^? :o us$ !m _h address$ a congratulation to !mselves1 & 9 ! ori5tal /yle ( antiquity _h said3 ,o ,p>liam5t1 live = ev]6 ,! circum/ances ( ! _w are cont9ually *ang+1 & ! op9ions ( m5 *ange also2 & z gov]nm5t is = ! liv+1 & n = ! dead1 x is ! liv+ only t has any "r 9 x4 ,t :i* may be ?\ght "r & f\nd conv5i5t 9 "o age may be ?\ght wrong & f\nd inconv5i5t 9 ano!r4 ,9 su* cases1 :o is to decide1 ! liv+ or ! dead8 ,z almo/ "o hundr$ pages ( ,mr4 ,burke's book are employ$ ^u ^! clauses1 x w consequ5tly foll[ t if ! clauses !mselves1 s f> z !y set up an assum$ usurp$ dom9ion ov] po/]ity = ev]1 are unau?oritative1 & 9 _! nature null & void2 t all 8 volum9\s inf]5ces1 & declamation drawn !refrom1 or f\nd$ !reon1 are null & void also2 & on ?is gr\nd ,i re/ ! matt]4 ,we n[ come m p>ticul>ly to ! affairs ( ,france4 ,mr4 ,burke's book has ! appe>ance ( be+ writt5 z in/ruction to ! ,fr5* nation2 b if ,i may p]mit myself ! use ( an extravagant metaphor1 suit$ to ! extravagance ( ! case1 x is d>kness attempt+ to illum9ate light4 ,:ile ,i am writ+ ?is !re are accid5tally be=e me "s proposals = a decl>ation ( rights by ! ,m>quis de la ,fayette 7,i ask 8 p>don = us+ 8 =m] address1 & d x only = di/9ction's sake7 to ! ,national ,assembly1 on ! #aa? ( ,july1 #aghi1 ?ree days be=e ! tak+ ( ! ,ba/ille1 & ,i _c b rem>k ) a/oni%m5t h[ opposite ! s\rces are f :i* t g5tleman & ,mr4 ,burke draw _! pr9ciples4 ,in/ead ( ref]r+ to mu/y records & m\ldy p>*m5ts to prove t ! rights ( ! liv+ are lo/1 r5\nc$ & abdicat$ = ev]1 by ^? :o are n[ no m1 z ,mr4 ,burke has done1 ,m4 de la ,fayette applies to ! liv+ _w1 & emphatically says3 ,call to m9d ! s5tim5ts :i* nature has engrav$ on ! he>t ( e citiz51 & :i* take a new =ce :5 !y are solemnly recognis$ by all3--,= a nation to love lib]ty1 x is suffici5t t %e kn[s x2 & to be free1 x is suffici5t t %e wills x4 ,h[ dry1 b>r51 & obscure is ! s\rce f :i* ,mr4 ,burke labors6 & h[ ineffectual1 ?\gh gay ) fl[]s1 are all 8 declamation & 8 argum5ts comp>$ ) ^! cle>1 concise1 & s\l-animat+ s5tim5ts6 ,few & %ort z !y are1 !y lead on to a va/ field ( g5]\s & manly ?9k+1 & d n f9i%1 l ,mr4 ,burke's p]iods1 ) music 9 ! e>1 & no?+ 9 ! he>t4 ,z ,i h introduc$ ,m4 de la ,fayette1 ,i w take ! lib]ty ( add+ an anecdote respect+ 8 f>ewell address to ! ,congress ( ,am]ica 9 #aghc1 & :i* occurr$ fre% to my m9d1 :5 ,i saw ,mr4 ,burke's ?und]+ attack on ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,m4 de la ,fayette w5t to ,am]ica at ! e>ly p]iod ( ! w>1 & cont9u$ a volunte] 9 h] s]vice to ! end4 ,8 conduct ?r\gh ! :ole ( t ent]prise is "o ( ! mo/ extraord9>y t is to be f\nd 9 ! hi/ory ( a "y man1 sc>cely tw5ty ye>s ( age4 ,situat$ 9 a c\ntry t 0 l ! lap ( s5sual pleasure1 & ) ! means ( enjoy+ x1 h[ few are !re to be f\nd :o w\ld ex*ange su* a sc5e = ! woods & wild]nesses ( ,am]ica1 & pass ! fl[]y ye>s ( y\? 9 unpr(itable dang] & h>d%ip6 b su* is ! fact4 ,:5 ! w> end$1 & he 0 on ! po9t ( tak+ 8 f9al dep>ture1 he pres5t$ himself to ,congress1 & contemplat+ 9 8 affectionate f>ewell ! ,revolution he _h se51 express$ himself 9 ^! words3 ,may ?is great monum5t rais$ to lib]ty s]ve z a lesson to ! oppressor1 & an example to ! oppress$6 ,:5 ?is address came to ! h&s ( ,dr4 ,frankl91 :o 0 !n 9 ,france1 he appli$ to ,c\nt ,v]g5nes to h x ins]t$ 9 ! ,fr5* ,gazette1 b nev] c\ld obta9 8 cons5t4 ,! fact 0 t ,c\nt ,v]g5nes 0 an ari/ocratical despot at home1 & dread$ ! example ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution 9 ,france1 z c]ta9 o!r p]sons n[ dread ! example ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution 9 ,engl&1 & ,mr4 ,burke's tribute ( fe> 7= 9 ?is light 8 book mu/ be consid]$7 runs p>allel ) ,c\nt ,v]g5nes' refusal4 ,b to return m p>ticul>ly to 8 "w4 ,we h se51 says ,mr4 ,burke1 ! ,fr5* rebel aga9/ a mild & lawful mon>*1 ) m fury1 outrage1 & insult1 ?an any p has be5 kn[n to rise aga9/ ! mo/ illegal usurp]1 or ! mo/ sangu9>y tyrant4 ,?is is "o among a ?\s& o!r in/ances1 9 :i* ,mr4 ,burke %[s t he is ignorant ( ! spr+s & pr9ciples ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,x 0 n aga9/ ,l\is ,,xvi4 b aga9/ ! despotic pr9ciples ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 t ! nation revolt$4 ,^! pr9ciples _h n _! orig9 9 him1 b 9 ! orig9al e/abli%m5t1 _m c5turies back3 & !y 7 become too deeply root$ to be remov$1 & ! ,augean /ables ( p>asites & plund]]s too abom9ably fil?y to be cleans$ by any?+ %ort ( a complete & univ]sal ,revolution4 ,:5 x becomes necess>y to d any?+1 ! :ole he>t & s\l %\ld g into ! measure1 or n attempt x4 ,t crisis 0 !n arriv$1 & !re rema9$ no *oice b to act ) det]m9$ vigor1 or n to act at all4 ,! k+ 0 kn[n to be ! fri5d ( ! nation1 & ?is circum/ance 0 favorable to ! ent]prise4 ,p]haps no man br$ up 9 ! /yle ( an absolute k+1 ev] possess$ a he>t s little dispos$ to ! ex]cise ( t species ( p[] z ! pres5t ,k+ ( ,france4 ,b ! pr9ciples ( ! ,gov]nm5t itself /ill rema9$ ! same4 ,! ,mon>* & ! ,mon>*y 7 di/9ct & sep>ate ?+s2 & x 0 aga9/ ! e/abli%$ despotism ( ! latt]1 & n aga9/ ! p]son or pr9ciples ( ! =m]1 t ! revolt comm5c$1 & ! ,revolution has be5 c>ri$4 ,mr4 ,burke does n att5d to ! di/9ction betwe5 m5 & pr9ciples1 &1 !re=e1 he does n see t a revolt may take place aga9/ ! despotism ( ! latt]1 :ile !re lies no *>ge ( despotism aga9/ ! =m]4 ,! natural mod]ation ( ,l\is ,,xvi4 contribut$ no?+ to alt] ! h]$it>y despotism ( ! mon>*y4 ,all ! tyrannies ( =m] reigns1 act$ "u t h]$it>y despotism1 7 /ill liable to be reviv$ 9 ! h&s ( a successor4 ,x 0 n ! respite ( a reign t w\ld satisfy ,france1 enlight5$ z %e 0 !n become4 ,a casual discont9uance ( ! practice ( despotism1 is n a discont9uance ( its pr9ciples3 ! =m] dep5ds on ! virtue ( ! individual :o is 9 imm$iate possession ( ! p[]2 ! latt]1 on ! virtue & =titude ( ! nation4 ,9 ! case ( ,*>les ,i4 & ,james ,,ii4 ( ,engl&1 ! revolt 0 aga9/ ! p]sonal despotism ( ! m52 :]eas 9 ,france1 x 0 aga9/ ! h]$it>y despotism ( ! e/abli%$ ,gov]nm5t4 ,b m5 :o c consign ov] ! rights ( po/]ity = ev] on ! au?ority ( a m\ldy p>*m5t1 l ,mr4 ,burke1 are n qualifi$ to judge ( ?is ,revolution4 ,x takes 9 a field too va/ = _! views to explore1 & proce$s ) a might9ess ( reason !y _c keep pace )4 ,b !re are _m po9ts ( view 9 :i* ?is ,revolution may be consid]$4 ,:5 despotism has e/abli%$ itself = ages 9 a c\ntry1 z 9 ,france1 x is n 9 ! p]son ( ! k+ only t x resides4 ,x has ! appe>ance ( be+ s 9 %[1 & 9 nom9al au?ority2 b x is n s 9 practice & 9 fact4 ,x has its /&>d ev]y:]e4 ,e (fice & dep>tm5t has its despotism1 f\nd$ ^u cu/om & usage4 ,e place has its ,ba/ille1 & e ,ba/ille its despot4 ,! orig9al h]$it>y despotism resid5t 9 ! p]son ( ! k+1 divides & sub-divides itself into a ?\s& %apes & =ms1 till at la/ ! :ole ( x is act$ by deputation4 ,?is 0 ! case 9 ,france2 & aga9/ ?is species ( despotism1 proce$+ on ?r\gh an endless labyr9? ( (fice till ! s\rce ( x is sc>cely p]ceptible1 !re is no mode ( r$ress4 ,x /r5g!ns itself by assum+ ! appe>ance ( duty1 & tyrannizes "u ! pret5ce ( obey+4 ,:5 a man reflects on ! condition :i* ,france 0 9 f ! nature ( h] gov]nm5t1 he w see o!r causes = revolt ?an ^? :i* imm$iately connect !mselves ) ! p]son or "* ( ,l\is ,,xvi4 ,!re 71 if ,i may s express x1 a ?\s& despotisms to be re=m$ 9 ,france1 :i* _h gr[n up "u ! h]$it>y despotism ( ! mon>*y1 & became s root$ z to be 9 a great measure indep5d5t ( x4 ,betwe5 ! ,mon>*y1 ! ,p>liam5t1 & ! ,*ur* !re 0 a rival%ip ( despotism2 besides ! feudal despotism op]at+ locally1 & ! m9i/]ial despotism op]at+ ev]y:]e4 ,b ,mr4 ,burke1 by consid]+ ! k+ z ! only possible object ( a revolt1 speaks z if ,france 0 a village1 9 :i* ev]y?+ t pass$ mu/ be kn[n to its comm&+ (fic]1 & no oppression c\ld be act$ b :at he c\ld imm$iately control4 ,mr4 ,burke might h be5 9 ! ,ba/ille 8 :ole life1 z well "u ,l\is ,,xvi4 z ,l\is ,,xiv41 & nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r h kn[n t su* a man z ,burke exi/$4 ,! despotic pr9ciples ( ! gov]nm5t 7 ! same 9 bo? reigns1 ?\gh ! dispositions ( ! m5 7 z remote z tyranny & b5evol5ce4 ,:at ,mr4 ,burke consid]s z a reproa* to ! ,fr5* ,revolution 7t ( br++ x =w>d "u a reign m mild ?an ! prec$+ ones7 is "o ( its highe/ honors4 ,! ,revolutions t h tak5 place 9 o!r ,european c\ntries1 h be5 excit$ by p]sonal hatr$4 ,! rage 0 aga9/ ! man1 & he became ! victim4 ,b1 9 ! in/ance ( ,france we see a ,revolution g5]at$ 9 ! rational contemplation ( ! ,rights ( ,man1 & di/+ui%+ f ! beg9n+ betwe5 p]sons & pr9ciples4 ,b ,mr4 ,burke appe>s to h no idea ( pr9ciples :5 he is contemplat+ ,gov]nm5ts4 ,t5 ye>s ago1 says he1 ,i c\ld h felicitat$ ,france on h] hav+ a ,gov]nm5t1 )\t inquir+ :at ! nature ( t ,gov]nm5t 01 or h[ x 0 adm9i/]$4 ,is ?is ! language ( a rational man8 ,is x ! language ( a he>t feel+ z x ought to feel = ! rights & happ9ess ( ! human race8 ,on ?is gr\nd1 ,mr4 ,burke mu/ complim5t all ! ,gov]nm5ts 9 ! _w1 :ile ! victims :o suff] "u !m1 :e!r sold into slav]y1 or tortur$ out ( exi/5ce1 are :olly =gott54 ,x is p[]1 & n pr9ciples1 t ,mr4 ,burke v5]ates2 & "u ?is abom9able depravity he is disqualifi$ to judge betwe5 !m4 ,?us mu* = 8 op9ion z to ! occasions ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,i n[ proce$ to o!r consid]ations4 ,i "k a place 9 ,am]ica call$ ,po9t-no-,po9t1 because z y proce$ along ! %ore1 gay & fl[]y z ,mr4 ,burke's language1 x cont9ually rec$es & pres5ts itself at a di/ance be=e y2 b :5 y h got z f> z y c g1 !re is no po9t at all4 ,j ?us x is ) ,mr4 ,burke's ?ree hundr$ & sixty-six pages4 ,x is !re=e difficult to reply to him4 ,b z ! po9ts he wi%es to e/abli% may be inf]r$ f :at he abuses1 x is 9 8 p>adoxes t we mu/ look = 8 argum5ts4 ,z to ! tragic pa9t+s by :i* ,mr4 ,burke has outrag$ 8 own imag9ation1 & seeks to "w ^u t ( 8 read]s1 !y are v well calculat$ = !atrical repres5tation1 :]e facts are manufactur$ = ! sake ( %[1 & accommodat$ to produce1 ?r\gh ! weakness ( sympa?y1 a weep+ effect4 ,b ,mr4 ,burke %\ld recollect t he is writ+ hi/ory1 & n plays1 & t 8 read]s w expect tru?1 & n ! sp\t+ rant ( high-ton$ exclamation4 ,:5 we see a man dramatically lam5t+ 9 a publication int5d$ to be believ$ t ,! age ( *ivalry is gone6 t ,! glory ( ,europe is ext+ui%$ = ev]6 t ,! unb\ght grace ( life 7if anyone kn[s :at x is71 ! *eap def5ce ( nations1 ! nurse ( manly s5tim5t & h]oic ent]prise is gone6 & all ?is because ! ,quixot age ( *ivalry nons5se is gone1 :at op9ion c we =m ( 8 judgm5t1 or :at reg>d c we pay to 8 facts8 ,9 ! rhapsody ( 8 imag9ation he has discov]$ a _w ( w9d mills1 & 8 sorr[s are t !re are no ,quixots to attack !m4 ,b if ! age ( ari/ocracy1 l t ( *ivalry1 %\ld fall 7& !y _h orig9ally "s connection7 ,mr4 ,burke1 ! trumpet] ( ! ,ord]1 may cont9ue 8 p>ody to ! end1 & f9i% ) exclaim+3 ,o!llo's occupation's gone6 ,not)/&+ ,mr4 ,burke's horrid pa9t+s1 :5 ! ,fr5* ,revolution is comp>$ ) ! ,revolutions ( o!r c\ntries1 ! a/oni%m5t w be t x is m>k$ ) s few sacrifices2 b ?is a/oni%m5t w cease :5 we reflect t pr9ciples1 & n p]sons1 7 ! m$itat$ objects ( de/ruction4 ,! m9d ( ! nation 0 act$ ^u by a high] /imulus ?an :at ! consid]ation ( p]sons c\ld inspire1 & s\ght a high] conque/ ?an c\ld be produc$ by ! d[nfall ( an enemy4 ,among ! few :o fell !re d n appe> to be any t 7 int5tionally s+l$ out4 ,!y all ( !m _h _! fate 9 ! circum/ances ( ! mom5t1 & 7 n pursu$ ) t long1 cold-blood$ unabat$ rev5ge :i* pursu$ ! un=tunate ,scot* 9 ! affair ( #agde4 ,?r\gh ! :ole ( ,mr4 ,burke's book ,i d n obs]ve t ! ,ba/ille is m5tion$ m ?an once1 & t ) a k9d ( implication z if he 7 sorry x 0 pull$ d[n1 & wi%$ x 7 built up aga94 ,we h rebuilt ,newgate1 says he1 & t5ant$ ! mansion2 & we h prisons almo/ z /rong z ! ,ba/ille = ^? :o d>e to libel ! que5s ( ,france499#b ,z to :at a madman l ! p]son call$ ,"l ,george ,gordon might say1 & to :om ,newgate is r a b$lam ?an a prison1 x is unwor?y a rational consid]ation4 ,x 0 a madman t libell$1 & t is suffici5t apology2 & x af=d$ an opportunity = conf9+ him1 :i* 0 ! ?+ t 0 wi%$ =4 ,b c]ta9 x is t ,mr4 ,burke1 :o does n call himself a madman 7:atev] o!r p may d71 has libell$ 9 ! mo/ unprovok$ mann]1 & 9 ! grosse/ /yle ( ! mo/ vulg> abuse1 ! :ole repres5tative au?ority ( ,france1 & yet ,mr4 ,burke takes 8 seat 9 ! ,briti% ,h\se ( ,commons6 ,f 8 viol5ce & 8 grief1 8 sil5ce on "s po9ts & 8 excess on o!rs1 x is difficult n to believe t ,mr4 ,burke is sorry1 extremely sorry1 t arbitr>y p[]1 ! p[] ( ! ,pope & ! ,ba/ille1 are pull$ d[n4 ,n "o glance ( compassion1 n "o commis]at+ reflection t ,i c f9d ?r\gh\t 8 book1 has he be/[$ on ^? :o l+]$ out ! mo/ wret*$ ( lives1 a life )\t hope 9 ! mo/ mis]able ( prisons4 ,x is pa9ful to behold a man employ+ 8 tal5ts to corrupt himself4 ,nature has be5 k9d] to ,mr4 ,burke ?an he is to h]4 ,he is n affect$ by ! reality ( di/ress t\*+ 8 he>t1 b by ! %[y resemblance ( x /rik+ 8 imag9ation4 ,he pities ! plumage1 b =gets ! dy+ bird4 ,accu/om$ to kiss ! ari/ocratical h& t ha? purlo9$ him f himself1 he deg5]ates into a composition ( art1 & ! g5u9e s\l ( nature =sakes him4 ,8 h]o or 8 h]o9e mu/ be a trag$y-victim expir+ 9 %[1 & n ! real prison] ( mis]y1 slid+ into dea? 9 ! sil5ce ( a dungeon4 ,z ,mr4 ,burke has pass$ ov] ! :ole transaction ( ! ,ba/ille 7& 8 sil5ce is no?+ 9 8 fav\r71 & has ent]ta9$ 8 read]s ) refections on suppos$ facts di/ort$ into real falsehoods1 ,i w give1 s9ce he has n1 "s acc\nt ( ! circum/ances :i* prec$$ t transaction4 ,!y w s]ve to %[ t less mis*ief c\ld sc>cely h accompani$ su* an ev5t :5 consid]$ ) ! trea*]\s & ho/ile aggravations ( ! enemies ( ! ,revolution4 ,! m9d c h>dly picture to itself a m trem5d\s sc5e ?an :at ! city ( ,p>is exhibit$ at ! "t ( tak+ ! ,ba/ille1 & = two days be=e & aft]1 nor p]ceive ! possibility ( its quiet+ s soon4 ,at a di/ance ?is transaction has appe>$ only z an act ( h]oism /&+ on itself1 & ! close political connection x _h ) ! ,revolution is lo/ 9 ! brilliancy ( ! a*ievem5t4 ,b we are to consid] x z ! /r5g? ( ! p>ties br\ght man to man1 & cont5d+ = ! issue4 ,! ,ba/ille 0 to be ei!r ! prize or ! prison ( ! assailants4 ,! d[nfall ( x includ$ ! idea ( ! d[nfall ( despotism1 & ?is comp\nd$ image 0 become z figuratively unit$ z ,bunyan's ,d\bt+ ,ca/le & ,giant ,despair4 ,! ,national ,assembly1 be=e & at ! "t ( tak+ ! ,ba/ille1 0 sitt+ at ,v]sailles1 twelve miles di/ant f ,p>is4 ,ab\t a week be=e ! ris+ ( ! ,p>tisans1 & _! tak+ ! ,ba/ille1 x 0 discov]$ t a plot 0 =m+1 at ! head ( :i* 0 ! ,c\nt ,d',artois1 ! k+'s y\nge/ bro!r1 = demoli%+ ! ,national ,assembly1 seiz+ its memb]s1 & !reby cru%+1 by a c\p de ma91 all hopes & prospects ( =m+ a free gov]nm5t4 ,= ! sake ( humanity1 z well z fre$om1 x is well ?is plan did n succe$4 ,examples are n want+ to %[ h[ dreadfully v9dictive & cruel are all old gov]nm5ts1 :5 !y are successful aga9/ :at !y call a revolt4 ,?is plan mu/ h be5 "s "t 9 contemplation2 because1 9 ord] to c>ry x into execution1 x 0 necess>y to collect a l>ge milit>y =ce r\nd ,p>is1 & cut (f ! communication betwe5 t city & ! ,national ,assembly at ,v]sailles4 ,! troops de/9$ = ?is s]vice 7 *iefly ! =eign troops 9 ! pay ( ,france1 & :o1 = ?is p>ticul> purpose1 7 drawn f ! di/ant prov9ces :]e !y 7 !n /ation$4 ,:5 !y 7 collect$ to ! am\nt ( betwe5 tw5ty-five & ?irty ?\s&1 x 0 judg$ "t to put ! plan into execution4 ,! m9i/ry :o 7 !n 9 (fice1 & :o 7 fri5dly to ! ,revolution1 7 in/antly dismiss$ & a new m9i/ry =m$ ( ^? :o _h conc]t$ ! project1 among :om 0 ,c\nt de ,broglio1 & to 8 %>e 0 giv5 ! comm& ( ^? troops4 ,! "* ( ?is man z describ$ to me 9 a lett] :i* ,i communicat$ to ,mr4 ,burke be=e he began to write 8 book1 & f an au?ority :i* ,mr4 ,burke well kn[s 0 good1 0 t ( a high-fly+ ari/ocrat1 cool1 & capable ( e mis*ief4 ,:ile ^! matt]s 7 agitat+1 ! ,national ,assembly /ood 9 ! mo/ p]il\s & critical situation t a body ( m5 c be suppos$ to act 94 ,!y 7 ! devot$ victims1 & !y knew x4 ,!y _h ! he>ts & wi%es ( _! c\ntry on _! side1 b milit>y au?ority !y _h none4 ,! gu>ds ( ,broglio surr\nd$ ! hall :]e ! ,assembly sat1 ready1 at ! ^w ( comm&1 to seize _! p]sons1 z _h be5 done ! ye> be=e to ! ,p>liam5t ( ,p>is4 ,_h ! ,national ,assembly des]t$ _! tru/1 or _h !y exhibit$ signs ( weakness or fe>1 _! enemies _h be5 enc\rag$ & _! c\ntry depress$4 ,:5 ! situation !y /ood 91 ! cause !y 7 engag$ 91 & ! crisis !n ready to bur/1 :i* %\ld det]m9e _! p]sonal & political fate & t ( _! c\ntry1 & probably ( ,europe1 are tak5 into "o view1 none b a he>t call\s ) prejudice or corrupt$ by dep5d5ce c avoid int]e/+ itself 9 _! success4 ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,vi5ne 0 at ?is "t ,presid5t ( ! ,national ,assembly--a p]son too old to und]go ! sc5e t a few days or a few h\rs might br+ =?4 ,a man ( m activity & bold] =titude 0 necess>y1 & ! ,national ,assembly *ose 7"u ! =m ( a ,vice-,presid5t1 = ! ,presid5cy /ill resid$ 9 ! ,ar*bi%op7 ,m4 de la ,fayette2 & ?is is ! only in/ance ( a ,vice-,presid5t be+ *os54 ,x 0 at ! mom5t t ?is /orm 0 p5d+ 7,july #aa?7 t a decl>ation ( rights 0 br\ght =w>d by ,m4 de la ,fayette1 & is ! same :i* is allud$ to e>li]4 ,x 0 ha/ily drawn up1 & makes only a "p ( ! m ext5sive decl>ation ( rights agre$ ^u & adopt$ aft]w>ds by ! ,national ,assembly4 ,! p>ticul> reason = br++ x =w>d at ?is mom5t 7,m4 de la ,fayette has s9ce in=m$ me7 0 t1 if ! ,national ,assembly %\ld fall 9 ! ?reat5$ de/ruction t !n surr\nd$ x1 "s trace ( its pr9ciples might h ! *ance ( surviv+ ! wreck4 ,ev]y?+ n[ 0 draw+ to a crisis4 ,! ev5t 0 fre$om or slav]y4 ,on "o side1 an army ( ne>ly ?irty ?\s& m52 on ! o!r1 an un>m$ body ( citiz5s--= ! citiz5s ( ,p>is1 on :om ! ,national ,assembly mu/ !n imm$iately dep5d1 7 z un>m$ & z undiscipl9$ z ! citiz5s ( ,london are n[4 ,! ,fr5* gu>ds _h giv5 /rong symptoms ( _! be+ atta*$ to ! national cause2 b _! numb]s 7 small1 n a t5? "p ( ! =ce t ,broglio comm&$1 & _! (fic]s 7 9 ! int]e/ ( ,broglio4 ,matt]s be+ n[ ripe = execution1 ! new m9i/ry made _! appe>ance 9 (fice4 ,! read] w c>ry 9 8 m9d t ! ,ba/ille 0 tak5 ! #ad? ,july2 ! po9t ( "t ,i am n[ speak+ ( is ! #ab?4 ,imm$iately on ! news ( ! *ange ( m9i/ry rea*+ ,p>is1 9 ! aft]noon1 all ! playh\ses & places ( ent]ta9m5t1 %ops & h\ses1 7 %ut up4 ,! *ange ( m9i/ry 0 consid]$ z ! prelude ( ho/ilities1 & ! op9ion 0 rightly f\nd$4 ,! =eign troops began to advance t[>ds ! city4 ,! ,pr9ce de ,lambesc1 :o comm&$ a body ( ,g]man cavalry1 approa*$ by ! ,place ( ,l\is ,xv41 :i* connects itself ) "s ( ! /reets4 ,9 8 m>*1 he insult$ & /ruck an old man ) a sword4 ,! ,fr5* are rem>kable = _! respect to old age2 & ! insol5ce ) :i* x appe>$ to be done1 unit+ ) ! g5]al f]m5tation !y 7 91 produc$ a p[]ful effect1 & a cry ( ,to arms6 to arms6 spread itself 9 a mom5t ov] ! city4 ,arms !y _h none1 nor sc>cely anyone :o knew ! use ( !m2 b desp]ate resolution1 :5 e hope is at /ake1 supplies1 = a :ile1 ! want ( arms4 ,ne> :]e ! ,pr9ce de ,lambesc 0 drawn up1 7 l>ge piles ( /ones collect$ = build+ ! new bridge1 & ) ^! ! p attack$ ! cavalry4 ,a p>ty ( ,fr5* gu>ds ^u he>+ ! fir+1 ru%$ f _! qu>t]s & jo9$ ! p2 & night com+ on1 ! cavalry retreat$4 ,! /reets ( ,p>is1 be+ n>r[1 are fav\rable = def5ce1 & ! l(t9ess ( ! h\ses1 consi/+ ( _m /ories1 f :i* great annoyance might be giv51 secur$ !m aga9/ nocturnal ent]prises2 & ! night 0 sp5t 9 provid+ !mselves ) e sort ( weapon !y c\ld make or procure3 guns1 swords1 blacksmi?s' hamm]s1 c>p5t]s' axes1 iron cr[s1 pikes1 halb]ts1 pit*=ks1 spits1 clubs1 etc41 etc4 ,! incr$ible numb]s 9 :i* !y assembl$ ! next morn+1 & ! /ill m incr$ible resolution !y exhibit$1 emb>rass$ & a/oni%$ _! enemies4 ,little did ! new m9i/ry expect su* a salute4 ,accu/om$ to slav]y !mselves1 !y _h no idea t lib]ty 0 capable ( su* inspiration1 or t a body ( un>m$ citiz5s w\ld d>e to face ! milit>y =ce ( ?irty ?\s& m54 ,e mom5t ( ?is day 0 employ$ 9 collect+ arms1 conc]t+ plans1 & arrang+ !mselves into ! be/ ord] :i* su* an in/antane\s movem5t c\ld af=d4 ,broglio cont9u$ ly+ r\nd ! city1 b made no fur!r advances ?is day1 & ! succe$+ night pass$ ) z mu* tranquility z su* a sc5e c\ld possibly produce4 ,b def5ce only 0 n ! object ( ! citiz5s4 ,!y _h a cause at /ake1 on :i* dep5d$ _! fre$om or _! slav]y4 ,!y e mom5t expect$ an attack1 or to he> ( "o made on ! ,national ,assembly2 & 9 su* a situation1 ! mo/ prompt measures are sometimes ! be/4 ,! object t n[ pres5t$ itself 0 ! ,ba/ille2 & ! eclat ( c>ry+ su* a =tress 9 ! face ( su* an army1 c\ld n fail to /rike t]ror into ! new m9i/ry1 :o _h sc>cely yet _h "t to meet4 ,by "s int]cept$ correspond5ce ?is morn+1 x 0 discov]$ t ! ,mayor ( ,p>is1 ,m4 ,defflesselles1 :o appe>$ to be 9 ! int]e/ ( ! citiz5s1 0 betray+ !m2 & f ?is discov]y1 !re rema9$ no d\bt t ,broglio w\ld re9=ce ! ,ba/ille ! ensu+ ev5+4 ,x 0 !re=e necess>y to attack x t day2 b be=e ?is c\ld be done1 x 0 fir/ necess>y to procure a bett] supply ( arms ?an !y 7 !n possess$ (4 ,!re 01 adjo9+ to ! city a l>ge magaz9e ( arms deposit$ at ! ,hospital ( ! ,invalids1 :i* ! citiz5s summon$ to surr5d]2 & z ! place 0 nei!r def5sible1 nor attempt$ mu* def5ce1 !y soon succe$$4 ,?us suppli$1 !y m>*$ to attack ! ,ba/ille2 a va/ mix$ multitude ( all ages1 & ( all degrees1 arm$ ) all sorts ( weapons4 ,imag9ation w\ld fail 9 describ+ to itself ! appe>ance ( su* a procession1 & ( ! anxiety ( ! ev5ts :i* a few h\rs or a few m9utes might produce4 ,:at plans ! m9i/ry 7 =m+1 7 z unkn[n to ! p )9 ! city1 z :at ! citiz5s 7 do+ 0 unkn[n to ! m9i/ry2 & :at movem5ts ,broglio might make = ! support or relief ( ! place1 7 to ! citiz5s equally z unkn[n4 ,all 0 my/]y & haz>d4 ,t ! ,ba/ille 0 attack$ ) an en?usiasm ( h]oism1 su* only z ! highe/ animation ( lib]ty c\ld inspire1 & c>ri$ 9 ! space ( a few h\rs1 is an ev5t :i* ! _w is fully possess$ (4 ,i am n und]tak+ ! detail ( ! attack1 b br++ into view ! conspiracy aga9/ ! nation :i* provok$ x1 & :i* fell ) ! ,ba/ille4 ,! prison to :i* ! new m9i/ry 7 doom+ ! ,national ,assembly1 9 addition to its be+ ! high alt> & ca/le ( despotism1 became ! prop] object to beg9 )4 ,?is ent]prise broke up ! new m9i/ry1 :o began n[ to fly f ! ru9 !y _h prep>$ = o!rs4 ,! troops ( ,broglio disp]s$1 & himself fl$ also4 ,mr4 ,burke has spok5 a great deal ab\t plots1 b he has nev] once spok5 ( ?is plot aga9/ ! ,national ,assembly1 & ! lib]ties ( ! nation2 & t he might n1 he has pass$ ov] all ! circum/ances t might ?r[ x 9 8 way4 ,! exiles :o h fl$ f ,france1 ^: case he s mu* int]e/s himself 91 & f :om he has _h 8 lesson1 fl$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! misc>riage ( ?is plot4 ,no plot 0 =m$ aga9/ !m2 !y 7 plott+ aga9/ o!rs2 & ^? :o fell1 met1 n unju/ly1 ! puni%m5t !y 7 prep>+ to execute4 ,b w ,mr4 ,burke say t if ?is plot1 contriv$ ) ! subtilty ( an ambuscade1 _h succe$$1 ! successful p>ty w\ld h re/ra9$ _! wra? s soon8 ,let ! hi/ory ( all gov]nm5ts answ] ! "q4 ,:om has ! ,national ,assembly br\ght to ! scaffold8 ,none4 ,!y 7 !mselves ! devot$ victims ( ?is plot1 & !y h n retaliat$2 :y1 !n1 are !y *>g$ ) rev5ge !y h n act$8 ,9 ! trem5d\s break+ =? ( a :ole p1 9 :i* all degrees1 temp]s & *>act]s are conf\nd$1 deliv]+ !mselves1 by a miracle ( ex]tion1 f ! de/ruction m$itat$ aga9/ !m1 is x to be expect$ t no?+ w happ58 ,:5 m5 are sore ) ! s5se ( oppressions1 & m5ac$ ) ! prospects ( new ones1 is ! calmness ( philosophy or ! palsy ( ins5sibility to be look$ =8 ,mr4 ,burke exclaims aga9/ outrage2 yet ! greate/ is t :i* himself has committ$4 ,8 book is a volume ( outrage1 n apologis$ = by ! impulse ( a mom5t1 b *]i%$ ?r\gh a space ( t5 mon?s2 yet ,mr4 ,burke _h no provocation--no life1 no int]e/1 at /ake4 ,m ( ! citiz5s fell 9 ?is /ruggle ?an ( _! oppon5ts3 b f\r or five p]sons 7 seiz$ by ! populace1 & in/antly put to dea?2 ! ,gov]nor ( ! ,ba/ille1 & ! ,mayor ( ,p>is1 :o 0 detect$ 9 ! act ( betray+ !m2 & aft]w>ds ,f\lon1 "o ( ! new m9i/ry1 & ,b]?i]1 8 son-9-law1 :o _h accept$ ! (fice ( int5dant ( ,p>is4 ,_! heads 7 /uck ^u spikes1 & c>ri$ ab\t ! city2 & x is ^u ?is mode ( puni%m5t t ,mr4 ,burke builds a great "p ( 8 tragic sc5e4 ,let u !re=e exam9e h[ m5 came by ! idea ( puni%+ 9 ?is mann]4 ,!y le>n x f ! gov]nm5ts !y live "u2 & retaliate ! puni%m5ts !y h be5 accu/om$ to behold4 ,! heads /uck ^u spikes1 :i* rema9$ = ye>s ^u ,temple ,b>1 diff]$ no?+ 9 ! horror ( ! sc5e f ^? c>ri$ ab\t ^u spikes at ,p>is2 yet ?is 0 done by ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t4 ,x may p]haps be said t x signifies no?+ to a man :at is done to him aft] he is dead2 b x signifies mu* to ! liv+2 x ei!r tortures _! feel+s or h>d5s _! he>ts1 & 9 ei!r case x in/ructs !m h[ to puni% :5 p[] falls into _! h&s4 ,lay !n ! axe to ! root1 & tea* gov]nm5ts humanity4 ,x is _! sangu9>y puni%m5ts :i* corrupt mank9d4 ,9 ,engl& ! puni%m5t 9 c]ta9 cases is by hang+1 draw+ & qu>t]+2 ! he>t ( ! suff]] is cut out & held up to ! view ( ! populace4 ,9 ,france1 "u ! =m] ,gov]nm5t1 ! puni%m5ts 7 n less b>b>\s4 ,:o does n rememb] ! execution ( ,dami51 torn to pieces by horses8 ,! effect ( ^? cruel spectacles exhibit$ to ! populace is to de/roy t5d]ness or excite rev5ge2 & by ! base & false idea ( gov]n+ m5 by t]ror1 in/ead ( reason1 !y become prec$5ts4 ,x is ov] ! l[e/ class ( mank9d t gov]nm5t by t]ror is int5d$ to op]ate1 & x is on !m t x op]ates to ! wor/ effect4 ,!y h s5se en\gh to feel !y are ! objects aim$ at2 & !y inflict 9 _! turn ! examples ( t]ror !y h be5 in/ruct$ to practise4 ,!re is 9 all ,european c\ntries a l>ge class ( p ( t description1 :i* 9 ,engl& is call$ ! mob4 ,( ?is class 7 ^? :o committ$ ! burn+s & deva/ations 9 ,london 9 #aghj1 & ( ?is class 7 ^? :o c>ri$ ! heads on iron spikes 9 ,p>is4 ,f\lon & ,b]?i] 7 tak5 up 9 ! c\ntry1 & s5t to ,p>is1 to und]go _! exam9ation at ! ,hotel de ,ville2 = ! ,national ,assembly1 imm$iately on ! new m9i/ry com+ into (fice1 pass$ a decree1 :i* !y communicat$ to ! ,k+ & ,cab9et1 t !y 7! ,national ,assembly7 w\ld hold ! m9i/ry1 ( :i* ,f\lon 0 "o1 responsible = ! measures !y 7 advis+ & pursu+2 b ! mob1 inc5s$ at ! appe>ance ( ,f\lon & ,b]?i]1 tore !m f _! conductors be=e !y 7 c>ri$ to ! ,hotel de ,ville1 & execut$ !m on ! spot4 ,:y !n does ,mr4 ,burke *>ge outrages ( ?is k9d on a :ole p8 ,z well may he *>ge ! riots & outrages ( #aghj on all ! p ( ,london1 or ^? 9 ,irel& on all 8 c\ntrym54 ,b ev]y?+ we see or he> (f5sive to our feel+s & d]ogatory to ! human "* %\ld lead to o!r reflections ?an ^? ( reproa*4 ,ev5 ! be+s :o commit !m h "s claim to our consid]ation4 ,h[ !n is x t su* va/ classes ( mank9d z are di/+ui%$ by ! appellation ( ! vulg>1 or ! ignorant mob1 are s num]\s 9 all old c\ntries8 ,! in/ant we ask ourselves ?is "q1 reflection feels an answ]4 ,!y rise1 z an unavoidable consequ5ce1 out ( ! ill con/ruction ( all old gov]nm5ts 9 ,europe1 ,engl& includ$ ) ! re/4 ,x is by di/ort$ly exalt+ "s m51 t o!rs are di/ort$ly debas$1 till ! :ole is out ( nature4 ,a va/ mass ( mank9d are degrad$ly ?r[n into ! back-gr\nd ( ! human picture1 to br+ =w>d1 ) great] gl>e1 ! puppet-%[ ( /ate & ari/ocracy4 ,9 ! comm5cem5t ( a revolution1 ^? m5 are r ! foll[]s ( ! camp ?an ( ! /&>d ( lib]ty1 & h yet to be in/ruct$ h[ to rev]5ce x4 ,i give to ,mr4 ,burke all 8 !atrical exagg]ations = facts1 & ,i !n ask him if !y d n e/abli% ! c]ta9ty ( :at ,i "h lay d[n8 ,admitt+ !m to be true1 !y %[ ! necessity ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 z mu* z any "o ?+ he c\ld h ass]t$4 ,^! outrages 7 n ! effect ( ! pr9ciples ( ! ,revolution1 b ( ! degrad$ m9d t exi/$ be=e ! ,revolution1 & :i* ! ,revolution is calculat$ to re=m4 ,place !m !n to _! prop] cause1 & take ! reproa* ( !m to y\r own side4 ,x is ! hon\r ( ! ,national ,assembly & ! city ( ,p>is t1 dur+ su* a trem5d\s sc5e ( arms & confusion1 beyond ! control ( all au?ority1 !y h be5 able1 by ! influ5ce ( example & exhortation1 to re/ra9 s mu*4 ,nev] 7 m pa9s tak5 to in/ruct & enlight5 mank9d1 & to make !m see t _! int]e/ consi/$ 9 _! virtue1 & n 9 _! rev5ge1 ?an h be5 display$ 9 ! ,revolution ( ,france4 ,i n[ proce$ to make "s rem>ks on ,mr4 ,burke's acc\nt ( ! exp$ition to ,v]sailles1 ,octob] ! #e? & #f?4 ,i c consid] ,mr4 ,burke's book 9 sc>cely any o!r light ?an a dramatic p]=mance2 & he mu/1 ,i ?9k1 h consid]$ x 9 ! same light himself1 by ! poetical lib]ties he has tak5 ( omitt+ "s facts1 di/ort+ o!rs1 & mak+ ! :ole ma*9]y b5d to produce a /age effect4 ,( ?is k9d is 8 acc\nt ( ! exp$ition to ,v]sailles4 ,he beg9s ?is acc\nt by omitt+ ! only facts :i* z causes are kn[n to be true2 ev]y?+ beyond ^! is conjecture1 ev5 9 ,p>is2 & he !n works up a tale accommodat$ to 8 own passions & prejudices4 ,x is to be obs]v$ ?r\gh\t ,mr4 ,burke's book t he nev] speaks ( plots aga9/ ! ,revolution2 & x is f ^? plots t all ! mis*iefs h aris54 ,x suits 8 purpose to exhibit ! consequ5ces )\t _! causes4 ,x is "o ( ! arts ( ! drama to d s4 ,if ! crimes ( m5 7 exhibit$ ) _! suff]+s1 /age effect w\ld sometimes be lo/1 & ! audi5ce w\ld be incl9$ to approve :]e x 0 int5d$ !y %\ld commis]ate4 ,aft] all ! inve/igations t h be5 made into ?is intricate affair 7! exp$ition to ,v]sailles71 x /ill rema9s envelop$ 9 all t k9d ( my/]y :i* ev] accompanies ev5ts produc$ m f a concurr5ce ( awkw>d circum/ances ?an f fix$ design4 ,:ile ! *>act]s ( m5 are =m+1 z is always ! case 9 revolutions1 !re is a reciprocal suspicion1 & a disposition to mis9t]pret ea* o!r2 & ev5 p>ties directly opposite 9 pr9ciple w sometimes concur 9 pu%+ =w>d ! same movem5t ) v diff]5t views1 & ) ! hopes ( its produc+ v diff]5t consequ5ces4 ,a great deal ( ?is may be discov]$ 9 ?is emb>rass$ affair1 & yet ! issue ( ! :ole 0 :at nobody _h 9 view4 ,! only ?+s c]ta9ly kn[n are t consid]able uneas9ess 0 at ?is "t excit$ at ,p>is by ! delay ( ! ,k+ 9 n sanction+ & =w>d+ ! decrees ( ! ,national ,assembly1 p>ticul>ly t ( ! ,decl>ation ( ! ,rights ( ,man1 & ! decrees ( ! f\r? ( ,augu/1 :i* conta9$ ! f\ndation pr9ciples on :i* ! con/itution 0 to be erect$4 ,! k9de/1 & p]haps ! faire/ conjecture ^u ?is matt] is1 t "s ( ! m9i/]s int5d$ to make rem>ks & obs]vations ^u c]ta9 p>ts ( !m be=e !y 7 f9ally sanction$ & s5t to ! prov9ces2 b be ?is z x may1 ! enemies ( ! ,revolution d]iv$ hope f ! delay1 & ! fri5ds ( ! ,revolution uneas9ess4 ,dur+ ?is /ate ( susp5se1 ! ,g>de du ,corps1 :i* 0 compos$ z su* regim5ts g5]ally are1 ( p]sons mu* connect$ ) ! ,c\rt1 gave an ent]ta9m5t at ,v]sailles 7,octob] #a7 to "s =eign regim5ts !n arriv$2 & :5 ! ent]ta9m5t 0 at ! height1 on a signal giv51 ! ,g>de du ,corps tore ! national cockade f _! hats1 trampl$ x "u foot1 & replac$ x ) a c\nt]-cockade prep>$ = ! purpose4 ,an indignity ( ?is k9d am\nt$ to defiance4 ,x 0 l decl>+ w>2 & if m5 w give *all5ges !y mu/ expect consequ5ces4 ,b all ?is ,mr4 ,burke has c>efully kept out ( sight4 ,he beg9s 8 acc\nt by say+3 ,hi/ory w record t on ! morn+ ( ! #f? ,octob]1 #aghi1 ! ,k+ & ,que5 ( ,france1 aft] a day ( confusion1 al>m1 dismay1 & slaught]1 lay d[n "u ! pl$g$ security ( public fai? to indulge nature 9 a few h\rs ( respite1 & tr\bl$ melan*oly repose4 ,?is is nei!r ! sob] /yle ( hi/ory1 nor ! int5tion ( x4 ,x leaves ev]y?+ to be guess$ at & mi/ak54 ,"o w\ld at lea/ ?9k !re _h be5 a battle2 & a battle !re probably w\ld h be5 _h x n be5 = ! mod]at+ prud5ce ( ^? :om ,mr4 ,burke involves 9 8 c5sures4 ,by 8 keep+ ! ,g>de du ,corps out ( sight ,mr4 ,burke has af=d$ himself ! dramatic lic5ce ( putt+ ! ,k+ & ,que5 9 _! places1 z if ! object ( ! exp$ition 0 aga9/ !m4 ,b to return to my acc\nt ?is conduct ( ! ,g>de du ,corps1 z might well be expect$1 al>m$ & enrag$ ! ,p>tisans4 ,! colors ( ! cause1 & ! cause itself1 7 become too unit$ to mi/ake ! int5tion ( ! insult1 & ! ,p>tisans 7 det]m9$ to call ! ,g>de du ,corps to an acc\nt4 ,!re 0 c]ta9ly no?+ ( ! c[>dice ( assass9ation 9 m>*+ 9 ! face ( ! day to dem& satisfaction1 if su* a phrase may be us$1 ( a body ( arm$ m5 :o _h volunt>ily giv5 defiance4 ,b ! circum/ance :i* s]ves to ?r[ ?is affair into emb>rassm5t is1 t ! enemies ( ! ,revolution appe> to h enc\rag$ x z well z its fri5ds4 ,! "o hop$ to prev5t a civil w> by *eck+ x 9 "t1 & ! o!r to make "o4 ,! hopes ( ^? oppos$ to ! ,revolution re/$ 9 mak+ ! ,k+ ( _! p>ty1 & gett+ him f ,v]sailles to ,metz1 :]e !y expect$ to collect a =ce & set up a /&>d4 ,we h1 !re=e1 two diff]5t objects pres5t+ !mselves at ! same "t1 & to be accompli%$ by ! same means3 ! "o to *a/ise ! ,g>de du ,corps1 :i* 0 ! object ( ! ,p>tisans2 ! o!r to r5d] ! confusion ( su* a sc5e an inducem5t to ! ,k+ to set (f = ,metz4 ,on ! #e? ( ,octob] a v num]\s body ( wom51 & m5 9 ! disguise ( wom51 collect$ ar\nd ! ,hotel de ,ville or t[n-hall at ,p>is1 & set (f = ,v]sailles4 ,_! pr(ess$ object 0 ! ,g>de du ,corps2 b prud5t m5 readily recollect t mis*ief is m easily begun ?an end$2 & ?is impress$ itself ) ! m =ce f ! suspicions already /at$1 & ! irregul>ity ( su* a cavalcade4 ,z soon1 !re=e1 z a suffici5t =ce c\ld be collect$1 ,m4 de la ,fayette1 by ord]s f ! civil au?ority ( ,p>is1 set (f aft] !m at ! head ( tw5ty ?\s& ( ! ,p>is militia4 ,! ,revolution c\ld d]ive no b5efit f confusion1 & its oppos]s might4 ,by an amiable & spirit$ mann] ( address he _h hi!rto be5 =tunate 9 calm+ disquietudes1 & 9 ?is he 0 extraord9>ily successful2 to fru/rate1 !re=e1 ! hopes ( ^? :o might seek to improve ?is sc5e into a sort ( ju/ifiable necessity = ! ,k+'s quitt+ ,v]sailles & )draw+ to ,metz1 & to prev5t at ! same "t ! consequ5ces t might ensue betwe5 ! ,g>de du ,corps & ?is phalanx ( m5 & wom51 he =w>d$ expresses to ! ,k+1 t he 0 on 8 m>* to ,v]sailles1 by ! ord]s ( ! civil au?ority ( ,p>is1 = ! purpose ( peace & protection1 express+ at ! same "t ! necessity ( re/ra9+ ! ,g>de du ,corps f fir+ ^u ! p499#c ,he arriv$ at ,v]sailles betwe5 t5 & elev5 at night4 ,! ,g>de du ,corps 0 drawn up1 & ! p _h arriv$ "s "t be=e1 b ev]y?+ _h rema9$ susp5d$4 ,wisdom & policy n[ consi/$ 9 *ang+ a sc5e ( dang] into a happy ev5t4 ,m4 de la ,fayette became ! m$iator betwe5 ! enrag$ p>ties2 & ! ,k+1 to remove ! uneas9ess :i* _h aris5 f ! delay already /at$1 s5t = ! ,presid5t ( ! ,national ,assembly1 & sign$ ! ,decl>ation ( ! ,rights ( ,man1 & su* o!r p>ts ( ! con/itution z 7 9 read9ess4 ,x 0 n[ ab\t "o 9 ! morn+4 ,ev]y?+ appe>$ to be compos$1 & a g5]al congratulation took place4 ,by ! beat ( a drum a proclamation 0 made t ! citiz5s ( ,v]sailles w\ld give ! hospitality ( _! h\ses to _! fell[-citiz5s ( ,p>is4 ,^? :o c\ld n be accommodat$ 9 ?is mann] rema9$ 9 ! /reets1 or took up _! qu>t]s 9 ! *ur*es2 & at two o'clock ! ,k+ & ,que5 retir$4 ,9 ?is /ate matt]s pass$ till ! break ( day1 :5 a fre% di/urbance arose f ! c5surable conduct ( "s ( bo? p>ties1 = su* *>act]s !re w be 9 all su* sc5es4 ,"o ( ! ,g>de du ,corps appe>$ at "o ( ! w9d[s ( ! palace1 & ! p :o _h rema9$ dur+ ! night 9 ! /reets acco/$ him ) revil+ & provocative language4 ,in/ead ( retir+1 z 9 su* a case prud5ce w\ld h dictat$1 he pres5t$ 8 musket1 fir$1 & kill$ "o ( ! ,p>is militia4 ,! peace be+ ?us brok51 ! p ru%$ into ! palace 9 que/ ( ! (f5d]4 ,!y attack$ ! qu>t]s ( ! ,g>de du ,corps )9 ! palace1 & pursu$ !m ?r\gh\t ! av5ues ( x1 & to ! ap>tm5ts ( ! ,k+4 ,on ?is tumult1 n ! ,que5 only1 z ,mr4 ,burke has repres5t$ x1 b e p]son 9 ! palace1 0 awak5$ & al>m$2 & ,m4 de la ,fayette _h a second "t to int]pose betwe5 ! p>ties1 ! ev5t ( :i* 0 t ! ,g>de du ,corps put on ! national cockade1 & ! matt] end$ z by oblivion1 aft] ! loss ( two or ?ree lives4 ,dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! "t 9 :i* ?is confusion 0 act+1 ! ,k+ & ,que5 7 9 public at ! balcony1 & nei!r ( !m conceal$ = safety's sake1 z ,mr4 ,burke ins9uates4 ,matt]s be+ ?us appeas$1 & tranquility re/or$1 a g5]al acclamation broke =? ( ,le ,roi a ,p>is--,le ,roi a ,p>is--,! ,k+ to ,p>is4 ,x 0 ! %\t ( peace1 & imm$iately accept$ on ! "p ( ! ,k+4 ,by ?is measure all future projects ( trapann+ ! ,k+ to ,metz1 & sett+ up ! /&>d ( opposition to ! con/itution1 7 prev5t$1 & ! suspicions ext+ui%$4 ,! ,k+ & 8 family rea*$ ,p>is 9 ! ev5+1 & 7 congratulat$ on _! arrival by ,m4 ,bailly1 ! ,mayor ( ,p>is1 9 ! "n ( ! citiz5s4 ,mr4 ,burke1 :o ?r\gh\t 8 book conf\nds ?+s1 p]sons1 & pr9ciples1 z 9 8 rem>ks on ,m4 ,bailly's address1 conf\nd$ "t also4 ,he c5sures ,m4 ,bailly = call+ x un bon j\r1 a good day4 ,mr4 ,burke %\ld h in=m$ himself t ?is sc5e took up ! space ( two days1 ! day on :i* x began ) e appe>ance ( dang] & mis*ief1 & ! day on :i* x t]m9at$ )\t ! mis*iefs t ?reat5$2 & t x is to ?is peaceful t]m9ation t ,m4 ,bailly alludes1 & to ! arrival ( ! ,k+ at ,p>is4 ,n less ?an ?ree hundr$ ?\s& p]sons arrang$ !mselves 9 ! procession f ,v]sailles to ,p>is1 & n an act ( mole/ation 0 committ$ dur+ ! :ole m>*4 ,mr4 ,burke on ! au?ority ( ,m4 ,lally ,toll5dal1 a des]t] f ! ,national ,assembly1 says t on ent]+ ,p>is1 ! p %\t$ ,t\s les eveques a la lant]ne4 ,all ,bi%ops to be hang$ at ! lan?orn or lamp-po/s4 ,x is surpris+ t nobody c\ld he> ?is b ,lally ,toll5dal1 & t nobody %\ld believe x b ,mr4 ,burke4 ,x has n ! lea/ connection ) any "p ( ! transaction1 & is totally =eign to e circum/ance ( x4 ,! ,bi%ops _h nev] be5 introduc$ be=e into any sc5e ( ,mr4 ,burke's drama3 :y !n are !y1 all at once1 & altoge!r1 t\t a c\p1 et t\s ensemble1 introduc$ n[8 ,mr4 ,burke br+s =w>d 8 ,bi%ops & 8 lan?orn-l figures 9 a magic lan?orn1 & raises 8 sc5es by contra/ in/ead ( connection4 ,b x s]ves to %[1 ) ! re/ ( 8 book :at little cr$it ought to be giv5 :]e ev5 probability is set at defiance1 = ! purpose ( defam+2 & ) ?is reflection1 in/ead ( a soliloquy 9 praise ( *ivalry1 z ,mr4 ,burke has done1 ,i close ! acc\nt ( ! exp$ition to ,v]sailles499#d ,i h n[ to foll[ ,mr4 ,burke ?r\gh a pa?less wild]ness ( rhapsodies1 & a sort ( descant ^u gov]nm5ts1 9 :i* he ass]ts :atev] he pleases1 on ! presumption ( its be+ believ$1 )\t (f]+ ei!r evid5ce or reasons = s do+4 ,be=e any?+ c be reason$ ^u to a conclusion1 c]ta9 facts1 pr9ciples1 or data1 to reason f1 mu/ be e/abli%$1 admitt$1 or d5i$4 ,mr4 ,burke ) 8 usual outrage1 abus$ ! ,decl>ation ( ! ,rights ( ,man1 publi%$ by ! ,national ,assembly ( ,france1 z ! basis on :i* ! con/itution ( ,france is built4 ,?is he calls paltry & blurr$ %eets ( pap] ab\t ! rights ( man4 ,does ,mr4 ,burke mean to d5y t man has any rights8 ,if he does1 !n he mu/ mean t !re are no su* ?+s z rights any:]e1 & t he has none himself2 = :o is !re 9 ! _w b man8 ,b if ,mr4 ,burke means to admit t man has rights1 ! "q !n w be3 ,:at are ^? rights1 & h[ man came by !m orig9ally8 ,! error ( ^? :o reason by prec$5ts drawn f antiquity1 respect+ ! rights ( man1 is t !y d n g f> en\gh into antiquity4 ,!y d n g ! :ole way4 ,!y /op 9 "s ( ! int]m$iate /ages ( an hundr$ or a ?\s& ye>s1 & produce :at 0 !n done1 z a rule = ! pres5t day4 ,?is is no au?ority at all4 ,if we travel /ill f>!r into antiquity1 we %all f9d a direct contr>y op9ion & practice prevail+2 & if antiquity is to be au?ority1 a ?\s& su* au?orities may be produc$1 successively contradict+ ea* o!r2 b if we proce$ on1 we %all at la/ come out "r2 we %all come to ! "t :5 man came f ! h& ( 8 ,mak]4 ,:at 0 he !n8 ,man4 ,man 0 8 high & only title1 & a high] _c be giv5 him4 ,b ( titles ,i %all speak h]eaft]4 ,we are n[ got at ! orig9 ( man1 & at ! orig9 ( 8 rights4 ,z to ! mann] 9 :i* ! _w has be5 gov]n$ f t day to ?is1 x is no f>!r any conc]n ( ours ?an to make a prop] use ( ! errors or ! improvem5ts :i* ! hi/ory ( x pres5ts4 ,^? :o liv$ an hundr$ or a ?\s& ye>s ago1 7 !n mod]ns1 z we are n[4 ,!y _h _! anci5ts1 & ^? anci5ts _h o!rs1 & we also %all be anci5ts 9 our turn4 ,if ! m]e "n ( antiquity is to gov]n 9 ! affairs ( life1 ! p :o are to live an hundr$ or a ?\s& ye>s h5ce1 may z well take u = a prec$5t1 z we make a prec$5t ( ^? :o liv$ an hundr$ or a ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,! fact is1 t portions ( antiquity1 by prov+ ev]y?+1 e/abli% no?+4 ,x is au?ority aga9/ au?ority all ! way1 till we come to ! div9e orig9 ( ! rights ( man at ! creation4 ,"h our enquiries f9d a re/+-place1 & our reason f9ds a home4 ,if a dispute ab\t ! rights ( man _h aris5 at ! di/ance ( an hundr$ ye>s f ! creation1 x is to ?is s\rce ( au?ority !y mu/ h ref]r$1 & x is to ?is same s\rce ( au?ority t we mu/ n[ ref]4 ,?\gh ,i mean n to t\* ^u any sect>ian pr9ciple ( religion1 yet x may be wor? obs]v+1 t ! g5ealogy ( ,*ri/ is trac$ to ,adam4 ,:y !n n trace ! rights ( man to ! creation ( man8 ,i w answ] ! "q4 ,because !re h be5 up/>t gov]nm5ts1 ?ru/+ !mselves betwe51 & presumptu\sly work+ to un-make man4 ,if any g5]ation ( m5 ev] possess$ ! "r ( dictat+ ! mode by :i* ! _w %\ld be gov]n$ = ev]1 x 0 ! fir/ g5]ation t exi/$2 & if t g5]ation did x n1 no succe$+ g5]ation c %[ any au?ority = do+ x1 nor c set any up4 ,! illum9at+ & div9e pr9ciple ( ! equal rights ( man 7= x has its orig9 f ! ,mak] ( man7 relates1 n only to ! liv+ individuals1 b to g5]ations ( m5 succe$+ ea* o!r4 ,e g5]ation is equal 9 rights to g5]ations :i* prec$$ x1 by ! same rule t e individual is born equal 9 rights ) 8 contempor>y4 ,e hi/ory ( ! creation1 & e tradition>y acc\nt1 :e!r f ! lett]$ or unlett]$ _w1 h[ev] !y may v>y 9 _! op9ion or belief ( c]ta9 p>ticul>s1 all agree 9 e/abli%+ "o po9t1 ! unity ( man2 by :i* ,i mean t m5 are all ( "o degree1 & consequ5tly t all m5 are born equal1 & ) equal natural "r1 9 ! same mann] z if po/]ity _h be5 cont9u$ by creation in/ead ( g5]ation1 ! latt] be+ ! only mode by :i* ! =m] is c>ri$ =w>d2 & consequ5tly e *ild born into ! _w mu/ be consid]$ z d]iv+ its exi/5ce f ,god4 ,! _w is z new to him z x 0 to ! fir/ man t exi/$1 & 8 natural "r 9 x is ( ! same k9d4 ,! ,mosaic acc\nt ( ! creation1 :e!r tak5 z div9e au?ority or m]ely hi/orical1 is full to ?is po9t1 ! unity or equality ( man4 ,! expression admits ( no controv]sy4 ,& ,god said1 ,let u make man 9 our own image4 ,9 ! image ( ,god creat$ he him2 male & female creat$ he !m4 ,! di/9ction ( sexes is po9t$ out1 b no o!r di/9ction is ev5 impli$4 ,if ?is be n div9e au?ority1 x is at lea/ hi/orical au?ority1 & %[s t ! equality ( man1 s f> f be+ a mod]n doctr9e1 is ! olde/ ^u record4 ,x is also to be obs]v$ t all ! religions kn[n 9 ! _w are f\nd$1 s f> z !y relate to man1 on ! unity ( man1 z be+ all ( "o degree4 ,:e!r 9 heav5 or 9 hell1 or 9 :atev] /ate man may be suppos$ to exi/ h]eaft]1 ! good & ! bad are ! only di/9ctions4 ,nay1 ev5 ! laws ( gov]nm5ts are oblig$ to slide into ?is pr9ciple1 by mak+ degrees to consi/ 9 crimes & n 9 p]sons4 ,x is "o ( ! greate/ ( all tru?s1 & ( ! highe/ advantage to cultivate4 ,by consid]+ man 9 ?is light1 & by in/ruct+ him to consid] himself 9 ?is light1 x places him 9 a close connection ) all 8 duties1 :e!r to 8 ,creator or to ! creation1 ( :i* he is a "p2 & x is only :5 he =gets 8 orig91 or1 to use a m fa%ionable phrase1 8 bir? & family1 t he becomes dissolute4 ,x is n among ! lea/ ( ! evils ( ! pres5t exi/+ gov]nm5ts 9 all p>ts ( ,europe t man1 consid]$ z man1 is ?r[n back to a va/ di/ance f 8 ,mak]1 & ! artificial *asm fill$ up ) a succession ( b>ri]s1 or sort ( turnpike gates1 ?r\gh :i* he has to pass4 ,i w quote ,mr4 ,burke's catalogue ( b>ri]s t he has set up betwe5 man & 8 ,mak]4 ,putt+ himself 9 ! "* ( a h]ald1 he says3 ,we fe> ,god--we look ) awe to k+s--) affection to ,p>liam5ts ) duty to magi/rates--) rev]5ce to prie/s1 & ) respect to nobility4 ,mr4 ,burke has =gott5 to put 9 '*ivalry4 ,he has also =gott5 to put 9 ,pet]4 ,! duty ( man is n a wild]ness ( turnpike gates1 ?r\gh :i* he is to pass by tickets f "o to ! o!r4 ,x is pla9 & simple1 & consi/s b ( two po9ts4 ,8 duty to ,god1 :i* e man mu/ feel2 & ) respect to 8 neighbor1 to d z he w\ld be done by4 ,if ^? to :om p[] is delegat$ d well1 !y w be respect$3 if n1 !y w be despis$2 & ) reg>d to ^? to :om no p[] is delegat$1 b :o assume x1 ! rational _w c "k no?+ ( !m4 ,hi!rto we h spok5 only 7& t b 9 "p7 ( ! natural rights ( man4 ,we h n[ to consid] ! civil rights ( man1 & to %[ h[ ! "o orig9ates f ! o!r4 ,man did n ent] into society to become worse ?an he 0 be=e1 nor to h few] rights ?an he _h be=e1 b to h ^? rights bett] secur$4 ,8 natural rights are ! f\ndation ( all 8 civil rights4 ,b 9 ord] to pursue ?is di/9ction ) m precision1 x w be necess>y to m>k ! diff]5t qualities ( natural & civil rights4 ,a few words w expla9 ?is4 ,natural rights are ^? :i* app]ta9 to man 9 "r ( 8 exi/5ce4 ,( ?is k9d are all ! intellectual rights1 or rights ( ! m9d1 & also all ^? rights ( act+ z an individual = 8 own com=t & happ9ess1 :i* are n injuri\s to ! natural rights ( o!rs4 ,civil rights are ^? :i* app]ta9 to man 9 "r ( 8 be+ a memb] ( society4 ,e civil "r has = its f\ndation "s natural "r pre-exi/+ 9 ! individual1 b to ! enjoym5t ( :i* 8 individual p[] is n1 9 all cases1 suffici5tly compet5t4 ,( ?is k9d are all ^? :i* relate to security & protection4 ,f ?is %ort review x w be easy to di/+ui% betwe5 t class ( natural rights :i* man reta9s aft] ent]+ into society & ^? :i* he ?r[s into ! common /ock z a memb] ( society4 ,! natural rights :i* he reta9s are all ^? 9 :i* ! ,p[] to execute is z p]fect 9 ! individual z ! "r itself4 ,among ?is class1 z is be=e m5tion$1 are all ! intellectual rights1 or rights ( ! m9d2 consequ5tly religion is "o ( ^? rights4 ,! natural rights :i* are n reta9$1 are all ^? 9 :i*1 ?\gh ! "r is p]fect 9 ! individual1 ! p[] to execute !m is defective4 ,!y answ] n 8 purpose4 ,a man1 by natural "r1 has a "r to judge 9 8 own cause2 & s f> z ! "r ( ! m9d is conc]n$1 he nev] surr5d]s x4 ,b :at availe? x him to judge1 if he has n p[] to r$ress8 ,he !re=e deposits ?is "r 9 ! common /ock ( society1 & takes ! ann ( society1 ( :i* he is a "p1 9 pref]5ce & 9 addition to 8 own4 ,society grants him no?+4 ,e man is a proprietor 9 society1 & draws on ! capital z a matt] ( "r4 ,f ^! premisses two or ?ree c]ta9 conclusions w foll[3 ,fir/1 ,t e civil "r gr[s out ( a natural "r2 or1 9 o!r words1 is a natural "r ex*ang$4 ,secondly1 ,t civil p[] prop]ly consid]$ z su* is made up ( ! aggregate ( t class ( ! natural rights ( man1 :i* becomes defective 9 ! individual 9 po9t ( p[]1 & answ]s n 8 purpose1 b :5 collect$ to a focus becomes compet5t to ! ,purpose ( e "o4 ,?irdly1 ,t ! p[] produc$ f ! aggregate ( natural rights1 imp]fect 9 p[] 9 ! individual1 _c be appli$ to invade ! natural rights :i* are reta9$ 9 ! individual1 & 9 :i* ! p[] to execute is z p]fect z ! "r itself4 ,we h n[1 9 a few words1 trac$ man f a natural individual to a memb] ( society1 & %[n1 or endeav\r$ to %[1 ! quality ( ! natural rights reta9$1 & ( ^? :i* are ex*ang$ = civil rights4 ,let u n[ apply ^! pr9ciples to gov]nm5ts4 ,9 ca/+ our eyes ov] ! _w1 x is extremely easy to di/+ui% ! gov]nm5ts :i* h aris5 out ( society1 or out ( ! social compact1 f ^? :i* h n2 b to place ?is 9 a cle>] light ?an :at a s+le glance may af=d1 x w be prop] to take a review ( ! sev]al s\rces f :i* gov]nm5ts h aris5 & on :i* !y h be5 f\nd$4 ,!y may be all compreh5d$ "u ?ree heads4 ,fir/1 ,sup]/ition4 ,secondly1 ,p[]4 ,?irdly1 ,! common int]e/ ( society & ! common rights ( man4 ,! fir/ 0 a gov]nm5t ( prie/craft1 ! second ( conqu]ors1 & ! ?ird ( reason4 ,:5 a set ( artful m5 pret5d$1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( oracles1 to hold int]c\rse ) ! ,deity1 z famili>ly z !y n[ m>* up ! back-/airs 9 ,european c\rts1 ! _w 0 completely "u ! gov]nm5t ( sup]/ition4 ,! oracles 7 consult$1 & :atev] !y 7 made to say became ! law2 & ?is sort ( gov]nm5t la/$ z long z ?is sort ( sup]/ition la/$4 ,aft] ^! a race ( conqu]ors arose1 ^: gov]nm5t1 l t ( ,william ! ,conqu]or1 0 f\nd$ 9 p[]1 & ! sword assum$ ! "n ( a sceptre4 ,gov]nm5ts ?us e/abli%$ la/ z long z ! p[] to support !m la/s2 b t !y might avail !mselves ( e eng9e 9 _! favor1 !y unit$ fraud to =ce1 & set up an idol :i* !y call$ ,div9e ,"r1 & :i*1 9 imitation ( ! ,pope1 :o affects to be spiritual & temporal1 & 9 contradiction to ! ,f\nd] ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 twi/$ itself aft]w>ds into an idol ( ano!r %ape1 call$ ,*ur* & ,/ate4 ,! key ( ,/4 ,pet] & ! key ( ! ,treasury became qu>t]$ on "o ano!r1 & ! wond]+ *eat$ multitude wor%ipp$ ! inv5tion4 ,:5 ,i contemplate ! natural dignity ( man1 :5 ,i feel 7= ,nature has n be5 k9d en\gh to me to blunt my feel+s7 = ! hon\r & happ9ess ( its "*1 ,i become irritat$ at ! attempt to gov]n mank9d by =ce & fraud1 z if !y 7 all knaves & fools1 & c sc>cely avoid disgu/ at ^? :o are ?us impos$ ^u4 ,we h n[ to review ! gov]nm5ts :i* arise out ( society1 9 contradi/9ction to ^? :i* arose out ( sup]/ition & conque/4 ,x has be5 ?\ght a consid]able advance t[>ds e/abli%+ ! pr9ciples ( ,fre$om to say t ,gov]nm5t is a compact betwe5 ^? :o gov]n & ^? :o are gov]n$2 b ?is _c be true1 because x is putt+ ! effect be=e ! cause2 = z man mu/ h exi/$ be=e gov]nm5ts exi/$1 !re necess>ily 0 a "t :5 gov]nm5ts did n exi/1 & consequ5tly !re c\ld orig9ally exi/ no gov]nors to =m su* a compact )4 ,! fact !re=e mu/ be t ! individuals !mselves1 ea* 9 8 own p]sonal & sov]eign "r1 ent]$ into a compact ) ea* o!r to produce a gov]nm5t3 & ?is is ! only mode 9 :i* gov]nm5ts h a "r to arise1 & ! only pr9ciple on :i* !y h a "r to exi/4 ,to possess ourselves ( a cle> idea ( :at gov]nm5t is1 or ought to be1 we mu/ trace x to its orig94 ,9 do+ ?is we %all easily discov] t gov]nm5ts mu/ h aris5 ei!r out ( ! p or ov] ! p4 ,mr4 ,burke has made no di/9ction4 ,he inve/igates no?+ to its s\rce1 & !re=e he conf\nds ev]y?+2 b he has signifi$ 8 int5tion ( und]tak+1 at "s future opportunity1 a comp>ison betwe5 ! con/itution ( ,engl& & ,france4 ,z he ?us r5d]s x a subject ( controv]sy by ?r[+ ! gauntlet1 ,i take him ^u 8 own gr\nd4 ,x is 9 high *all5ges t high tru?s h ! "r ( appe>+2 & ,i accept x ) ! m read9ess because x af=ds me1 at ! same "t1 an opportunity ( pursu+ ! subject ) respect to gov]nm5ts aris+ out ( society4 ,b x w be fir/ necess>y to def9e :at is meant by a ,con/itution4 ,x is n suffici5t t we adopt ! ^w2 we mu/ fix also a /&>d signification to x4 ,a con/itution is n a ?+ 9 "n only1 b 9 fact4 ,x has n an ideal1 b a real exi/5ce2 & :]ev] x _c be produc$ 9 a visible =m1 !re is none4 ,a con/itution is a ?+ antec$5t to a gov]nm5t1 & a gov]nm5t is only ! creature ( a con/itution4 ,! con/itution ( a c\ntry is n ! act ( its gov]nm5t1 b ( ! p con/itut+ its gov]nm5t4 ,x is ! body ( elem5ts1 to :i* y c ref]1 & quote article by article2 & :i* conta9s ! pr9ciples on :i* ! gov]nm5t %all be e/abli%$1 ! mann] 9 :i* x %all be organis$1 ! p[]s x %all h1 ! mode ( elections1 ! duration ( ,p>liam5ts1 or by :at o!r "n su* bodies may be call$2 ! p[]s :i* ! executive "p ( ! gov]nm5t %all h2 & 9 f9e1 ev]y?+ t relates to ! complete organisation ( a civil gov]nm5t1 & ! pr9ciples on :i* x %all act1 & by :i* x %all be b\nd4 ,a con/itution1 !re=e1 is to a gov]nm5t :at ! laws made aft]w>ds by t gov]nm5t are to a c\rt ( judicature4 ,! c\rt ( judicature does n make ! laws1 nei!r c x alt] !m2 x only acts 9 con=mity to ! laws made3 & ! gov]nm5t is 9 l mann] gov]n$ by ! con/itution4 ,c1 !n1 ,mr4 ,burke produce ! ,engli% ,con/itution8 ,if he _c1 we may fairly conclude t ?\gh x has be5 s mu* talk$ ab\t1 no su* ?+ z a con/itution exi/s1 or ev] did exi/1 & consequ5tly t ! p h yet a con/itution to =m4 ,mr4 ,burke w n1 ,i presume1 d5y ! position ,i h already advanc$--namely1 t gov]nm5ts arise ei!r out ( ! p or ov] ! p4 ,! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t is "o ( ^? :i* arose out ( a conque/1 & n out ( society1 & consequ5tly x arose ov] ! p2 & ?\gh x has be5 mu* modifi$ f ! opportunity ( circum/ances s9ce ! "t ( ,william ! ,conqu]or1 ! c\ntry has nev] yet reg5]at$ itself1 & is !re=e )\t a con/itution4 ,i readily p]ceive ! reason :y ,mr4 ,burke decl9$ go+ into ! comp>ison betwe5 ! ,engli% & ,fr5* con/itutions1 because he c\ld n b p]ceive1 :5 he sat d[n to ! task1 t no su* a ?+ z a con/itution exi/$ on 8 side ! "q4 ,8 book is c]ta9ly bulky en\gh to h conta9$ all he c\ld say on ?is subject1 & x w\ld h be5 ! be/ mann] 9 :i* p c\ld h judg$ ( _! sep>ate m]its4 ,:y !n has he decl9$ ! only ?+ t 0 wor? :ile to write ^u8 ,x 0 ! /ronge/ gr\nd he c\ld take1 if ! advantages 7 on 8 side1 b ! weake/ if !y 7 n2 & 8 decl9+ to take x is ei!r a sign t he c\ld n possess x or c\ld n ma9ta9 x4 ,mr4 ,burke said1 9 a spee* la/ w9t] 9 ,p>liam5t1 t :5 ! ,national ,assembly fir/ met 9 ?ree ,ord]s 7! ,ti]s ,etat1 ! ,cl]gy1 & ! ,noblesse71 ,france _h !n a good con/itution4 ,?is %[s1 among num]\s o!r in/ances1 t ,mr4 ,burke does n und]/& :at a con/itution is4 ,! p]sons s met 7 n a con/itution1 b a conv5tion1 to make a con/itution4 ,! pres5t ,national ,assembly ( ,france is1 /rictly speak+1 ! p]sonal social compact4 ,! memb]s ( x are ! delegates ( ! nation 9 its orig9al "*2 future assemblies w be ! delegates ( ! nation 9 its organis$ "*4 ,! au?ority ( ! pres5t ,assembly is diff]5t f :at ! au?ority ( future ,assemblies w be4 ,! au?ority ( ! pres5t "o is to =m a con/itution2 ! au?ority ( future assemblies w be to legislate accord+ to ! pr9ciples & =ms prescrib$ 9 t con/itution2 & if exp]i5ce %\ld h]eaft] %[ t alt]ations1 am5dm5ts1 or additions are necess>y1 ! con/itution w po9t out ! mode by :i* su* ?+s %all be done1 & n leave x to ! discretion>y p[] ( ! future gov]nm5t4 ,a gov]nm5t on ! pr9ciples on :i* con/itutional gov]nm5ts aris+ out ( society are e/abli%$1 _c h ! "r ( alt]+ itself4 ,if x _h1 x w\ld be arbitr>y4 ,x might make itself :at x pleas$2 & :]ev] su* a "r is set up1 x %[s !re is no con/itution4 ,! act by :i* ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t emp[]$ itself to sit sev5 ye>s1 %[s !re is no con/itution 9 ,engl&4 ,x might1 by ! same self-au?ority1 h sat any great numb] ( ye>s1 or = life4 ,! bill :i* ! pres5t ,mr4 ,pitt br\ght into ,p>liam5t "s ye>s ago1 to re=m ,p>liam5t1 0 on ! same errone\s pr9ciple4 ,! "r ( re=m is 9 ! nation 9 its orig9al "*1 & ! con/itutional me?od w\ld be by a g5]al conv5tion elect$ = ! purpose4 ,!re is1 moreov]1 a p>adox 9 ! idea ( vitiat$ bodies re=m+ !mselves4 ,f ^! prelim9>ies ,i proce$ to draw "s comp>isons4 ,i h already spok5 ( ! decl>ation ( rights2 & z ,i mean to be z concise z possible1 ,i %all proce$ to o!r p>ts ( ! ,fr5* ,con/itution4 ,! con/itution ( ,france says t e man :o pays a tax ( sixty s\s p] annum 7#bs4 #f;d4 ,engli%7 is an elector4 ,:at article w ,mr4 ,burke place aga9/ ?is8 ,c any?+ be m limit$1 & at ! same "t m caprici\s1 ?an ! qualification ( electors is 9 ,engl&8 ,limit$--because n "o man 9 an hundr$ 7,i speak mu* )9 compass7 is admitt$ to vote4 ,caprici\s--because ! l[e/ "* t c be suppos$ to exi/1 & :o has n s mu* z ! visible means ( an hone/ livelihood1 is an elector 9 "s places3 :ile 9 o!r places1 ! man :o pays v l>ge taxes1 & has a kn[n fair "*1 & ! f>m] :o r5ts to ! am\nt ( ?ree or f\r hundr$ p\nds a ye>1 ) a prop]ty on t f>m to ?ree or f\r times t am\nt1 is n admitt$ to be an elector4 ,ev]y?+ is out ( nature1 z ,mr4 ,burke says on ano!r occasion1 9 ?is /range *aos1 & all sorts ( follies are bl5d$ ) all sorts ( crimes4 ,william ! ,conqu]or & 8 desc5dants p>cell$ out ! c\ntry 9 ?is mann]1 & brib$ "s p>ts ( x by :at !y call *>t]s to hold ! o!r p>ts ( x ! bett] subject$ to _! w4 ,?is is ! reason :y s _m ( ^? *>t]s ab\nd 9 ,cornwall2 ! p 7 av]se to ! ,gov]nm5t e/abli%$ at ! ,conque/1 & ! t[ns 7 g>rison$ & brib$ to enslave ! c\ntry4 ,all ! old *>t]s are ! badges ( ?is conque/1 & x is f ?is s\rce t ! caprici\sness ( election arises4 ,! ,fr5* ,con/itution says t ! numb] ( repres5tatives = any place %all be 9 a ratio to ! numb] ( taxable inhabitants or electors4 ,:at article w ,mr4 ,burke place aga9/ ?is8 ,! c\nty ( ,york1 :i* conta9s ne>ly a million ( s\ls1 s5ds two c\nty memb]s2 & s does ! c\nty ( ,rutl&1 :i* conta9s n an hundr$? "p ( t numb]4 ,! old t[n ( ,s>um1 :i* conta9s n ?ree h\ses1 s5ds two memb]s2 & ! t[n ( ,man*e/]1 :i* conta9s upw>d ( sixty ?\s& s\ls1 is n admitt$ to s5d any4 ,is !re any pr9ciple 9 ^! ?+s8 ,x is admitt$ t all ?is is alt]$1 b !re is mu* to be done yet1 be=e we h a fair repres5tation ( ! p4 ,is !re any?+ by :i* y c trace ! m>ks ( fre$om1 or discov] ^? ( wisdom8 ,no wond] !n ,mr4 ,burke has decl9$ ! comp>ison1 & endeavor$ to lead 8 read]s f ! po9t by a wild1 unsy/ematical display ( p>adoxical rhapsodies4 ,! ,fr5* ,con/itution says t ! ,national ,assembly %all be elect$ e two ye>s4 ,:at article w ,mr4 ,burke place aga9/ ?is8 ,:y1 t ! nation has no "r at all 9 ! case2 t ! gov]nm5t is p]fectly arbitr>y ) respect to ?is po9t2 & he c quote = 8 au?ority ! prec$5t ( a =m] ,p>liam5t4 ,! ,fr5* ,con/itution says !re %all be no game laws1 t ! f>m] on ^: l&s wild game %all be f\nd 7= x is by ! produce ( 8 l&s !y are f$7 %all h a "r to :at he c take2 t !re %all be no monopolies ( any k9d--t all trades %all be free & e man free to foll[ any occupation by :i* he c procure an hone/ livelihood1 & 9 any place1 t[n1 or city ?r\gh\t ! nation4 ,:at w ,mr4 ,burke say to ?is8 ,9 ,engl&1 game is made ! prop]ty ( ^? at ^: exp5se x is n f$2 & ) respect to monopolies1 ! c\ntry is cut up into monopolies4 ,e *>t]$ t[n is an ari/ocratical monopoly 9 itself1 & ! qualification ( electors proce$s out ( ^? *>t]$ monopolies4 ,is ?is fre$om8 ,is ?is :at ,mr4 ,burke means by a con/itution8 ,9 ^! *>t]$ monopolies1 a man com+ f ano!r "p ( ! c\ntry is hunt$ f !m z if he 7 a =eign enemy4 ,an ,engli%man is n free ( 8 own c\ntry2 e "o ( ^? places pres5ts a b>ri] 9 8 way1 & tells him he is n a freeman--t he has no rights4 ,)9 ^! monopolies are o!r monopolies4 ,9 a city1 su* = in/ance z ,ba?1 :i* conta9s betwe5 tw5ty & ?irty ?\s& inhabitants1 ! "r ( elect+ repres5tatives to ,p>liam5t is monopolis$ by ab\t ?irty-"o p]sons4 ,& )9 ^! monopolies are /ill o!rs4 ,a man ev5 ( ! same t[n1 ^: p>5ts 7 n 9 circum/ances to give him an occupation1 is deb>r$1 9 _m cases1 f ! natural "r ( acquir+ "o1 be 8 g5ius or indu/ry :at x may4 ,are ^! ?+s examples to hold out to a c\ntry reg5]at+ itself f slav]y1 l ,france8 ,c]ta9ly !y are n1 & c]ta9 am ,i1 t :5 ! p ( ,engl& come to reflect ^u !m !y w1 l ,france1 annihilate ^? badges ( anci5t oppression1 ^? traces ( a conqu]$ nation4 ,_h ,mr4 ,burke possess$ tal5ts simil> to ! au?or ( ,on ! ,weal? ( ,nations4 he w\ld h compreh5d$ all ! p>ts :i* ent] into1 &1 by assemblage1 =m a con/itution4 ,he w\ld h reason$ f m9utiae to magnitude4 ,x is n f 8 prejudices only1 b f ! disord]ly ca/ ( 8 g5ius1 t he is unfitt$ = ! subject he writes ^u4 ,ev5 8 g5ius is )\t a con/itution4 ,x is a g5ius at r&om1 & n a g5ius con/itut$4 ,b he mu/ say some?+4 ,he has !re=e m\nt$ 9 ! air l a balloon1 to draw ! eyes ( ! multitude f ! gr\nd !y /& ^u4 ,mu* is to be le>n$ f ! ,fr5* ,con/itution4 ,conque/ & tyranny transplant$ !mselves ) ,william ! ,conqu]or f ,norm&y into ,engl&1 & ! c\ntry is yet disfigur$ ) ! m>ks4 ,may1 !n1 ! example ( all ,france contribute to reg5]ate ! fre$om :i* a prov9ce ( x de/roy$6 ,! ,fr5* ,con/itution says t to pres]ve ! national repres5tation f be+ corrupt1 no memb] ( ! ,national ,assembly %all be an (fic] ( ! gov]nm5t1 a placeman or a p5sion]4 ,:at w ,mr4 ,burke place aga9/ ?is8 ,i w :isp] 8 answ]3 ,loaves & ,fi%es4 ,ah6 ?is gov]nm5t ( loaves & fi%es has m mis*ief 9 x ?an p h yet reflect$ on4 ,! ,national ,assembly has made ! discov]y1 & x holds out ! example to ! _w4 ,_h gov]nm5ts agre$ to qu>rel on purpose to fleece _! c\ntries by taxes1 !y c\ld n h succe$$ bett] ?an !y h done4 ,ev]y?+ 9 ! ,engli% gov]nm5t appe>s to me ! rev]se ( :at x ought to be1 & ( :at x is said to be4 ,! ,p>liam5t1 imp]fectly & caprici\sly elect$ z x is1 is nev]!less suppos$ to hold ! national purse 9 tru/ = ! nation2 b 9 ! mann] 9 :i* an ,engli% ,p>liam5t is con/ruct$ x is l a man be+ bo? mortgagor & mortgagee1 & 9 ! case ( misapplication ( tru/ x is ! crim9al sitt+ 9 judgm5t ^u himself4 ,if ^? :o vote ! supplies are ! same p]sons :o receive ! supplies :5 vot$1 & are to acc\nt = ! exp5diture ( ^? supplies to ^? :o vot$ !m1 x is !mselves acc\ntable to !mselves1 & ! ,com$y ( ,errors concludes ) ! pantomime ( ,hu%4 ,nei!r ! ,m9i/]ial p>ty nor ! ,opposition w t\* ^u ?is case4 ,! national purse is ! common hack :i* ea* m\nts ^u4 ,x is l :at ! c\ntry p call ,ride & tie--y ride a little way1 & !n ,i499#e ,!y ord] ^! ?+s bett] 9 ,france4 ,! ,fr5* ,con/itution says t ! "r ( w> & peace is 9 ! nation4 ,:]e else %\ld x reside b 9 ^? :o are to pay ! exp5se8 ,9 ,engl& ?is "r is said to reside 9 a metaphor %[n at ! ,t[] = sixp5ce or a %ill+ a piece3 s are ! lions2 & x w\ld be a /ep ne>] to reason to say x resid$ 9 !m1 = any inanimate metaphor is no m ?an a hat or a cap4 ,we c all see ! absurdity ( wor%ipp+ ,a>on's molt5 calf1 or ,nebu*adnezz>'s gold5 image2 b :y d m5 cont9ue to practise !mselves ! absurdities !y despise 9 o!rs8 ,x may ) reason be said t 9 ! mann] ! ,engli% nation is repres5t$ x signifies n :]e ! "r resides1 :e!r 9 ! ,cr[n or 9 ! ,p>liam5t4 ,w> is ! common h>ve/ ( all ^? :o p>ticipate 9 ! division & exp5diture ( public money1 9 all c\ntries4 ,x is ! art ( conqu]+ at home2 ! object ( x is an increase ( rev5ue2 & z rev5ue _c be increas$ )\t taxes1 a pret5ce mu/ be made = exp5diture4 ,9 review+ ! hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t1 its w>s & its taxes1 a by/&]1 n bl9d$ by prejudice nor w>p$ by int]e/1 w\ld decl>e t taxes 7 n rais$ to c>ry on w>s1 b t w>s 7 rais$ to c>ry on taxes4 ,mr4 ,burke1 z a memb] ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 is a "p ( ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t2 & ?\gh he pr(esses himself an enemy to w>1 he abuses ! ,fr5* ,con/itution1 :i* seeks to explode x4 ,he holds up ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t z a model1 9 all its p>ts1 to ,france2 b he %\ld fir/ "k ! rem>ks :i* ! ,fr5* make ^u x4 ,!y cont5d 9 favor ( _! own1 t ! portion ( lib]ty enjoy$ 9 ,engl& is j en\gh to enslave a c\ntry m productively ?an by despotism1 & t z ! real object ( all despotism is rev5ue1 a gov]nm5t s =m$ obta9s m ?an x c\ld d ei!r by direct despotism1 or 9 a full /ate ( fre$om1 & is1 !re=e on ! gr\nd ( int]e/1 oppos$ to bo?4 ,!y acc\nt also = ! read9ess :i* always appe>s 9 su* gov]nm5ts = engag+ 9 w>s by rem>k+ on ! diff]5t motives :i* produc$ !m4 ,9 despotic gov]nm5ts w>s are ! effect ( pride2 b 9 ^? gov]nm5ts 9 :i* !y become ! means ( taxation1 !y acquire !reby a m p]man5t promptitude4 ,! ,fr5* ,con/itution1 !re=e1 to provide aga9/ bo? ^! evils1 has tak5 away ! p[] ( decl>+ w> f k+s & m9i/]s1 & plac$ ! "r :]e ! exp5se mu/ fall4 ,:5 ! "q ( ! "r ( w> & peace 0 agitat+ 9 ! ,national ,assembly1 ! p ( ,engl& appe>$ to be mu* int]e/$ 9 ! ev5t1 & highly to applaud ! decision4 ,z a pr9ciple x applies z mu* to "o c\ntry z ano!r4 ,william ! ,conqu]or1 z a conqu]or1 held ?is p[] ( w> & peace 9 himself1 & 8 desc5dants h ev] s9ce claim$ x "u him z a "r4 ,al?\gh ,mr4 ,burke has ass]t$ ! "r ( ! ,p>liam5t at ! ,revolution to b9d & control ! nation & po/]ity = ev]1 he d5ies at ! same "t t ! ,p>liam5t or ! nation _h any "r to alt] :at he calls ! succession ( ! cr[n 9 any?+ b 9 "p1 or by a sort ( modification4 ,by 8 tak+ ?is gr\nd he ?r[s ! case back to ! ,norman ,conque/1 & by ?us runn+ a l9e ( succession spr++ f ,william ! ,conqu]or to ! pres5t day1 he makes x necess>y to enquire :o & :at ,william ! ,conqu]or 01 & :]e he came f1 & into ! orig91 hi/ory & nature ( :at are call$ pr]ogatives4 ,ev]y?+ mu/ h _h a beg9n+1 & ! fog ( "t & antiquity %\ld be p5etrat$ to discov] x4 ,let1 !n1 ,mr4 ,burke br+ =w>d 8 ,william ( ,norm&y1 = x is to ?is orig9 t 8 argum5t goes4 ,x also un=tunately happ5s1 9 runn+ ?is l9e ( succession1 t ano!r l9e p>allel !reto pres5ts itself1 :i* is t if ! succession runs 9 ! l9e ( ! conque/1 ! nation runs 9 ! l9e ( be+ conqu]$1 & x ought to rescue itself f ?is reproa*4 ,b x w p]haps be said t ?\gh ! p[] ( decl>+ w> desc5ds 9 ! h]itage ( ! conque/1 x is held 9 *eck by ! "r ( ,p>liam5t to )hold ! supplies4 ,x w always happ5 :5 a ?+ is orig9ally wrong t am5dm5ts d n make x "r1 & x (t5 happ5s t !y d z mu* mis*ief "o way z good ! o!r1 & su* is ! case "h1 = if ! "o ra%ly decl>es w> z a matt] ( "r1 & ! o!r p]emptorily )holds ! supplies z a matt] ( "r1 ! rem$y becomes z bad1 or worse1 ?an ! disease4 ,! "o =ces ! nation to a combat1 & ! o!r ties its h&s2 b ! m probable issue is t ! conte/ w end 9 a collusion betwe5 ! p>ties1 & be made a scre5 to bo?4 ,on ?is "q ( w>1 ?ree ?+s are to be consid]$4 ,fir/1 ! "r ( decl>+ x3 secondly1 ! exp5se ( support+ x3 ?irdly1 ! mode ( conduct+ x aft] x is decl>$4 ,! ,fr5* ,con/itution places ! "r :]e ! exp5se mu/ fall1 & ?is union c only be 9 ! nation4 ,! mode ( conduct+ x aft] x is decl>$1 x consigns to ! executive dep>tm5t4 ,7 ?is ! case 9 all c\ntries1 we %\ld he> b little m ( w>s4 ,be=e ,i proce$ to consid] o!r p>ts ( ! ,fr5* ,con/itution1 & by way ( reliev+ ! fatigue ( argum5t1 ,i w introduce an anecdote :i* ,i _h f ,dr4 ,frankl94 ,:ile ! ,doctor resid$ 9 ,france z ,m9i/] f ,am]ica1 dur+ ! w>1 he _h num]\s proposals made to him by projectors ( e c\ntry & ( e k9d1 :o wi%$ to g to ! l& t fl[e? ) milk & honey1 ,am]ica2 & among ! re/1 !re 0 "o :o (f]$ himself to be k+4 ,he introduc$ 8 proposal to ! ,doctor by lett]1 :i* is n[ 9 ! h&s ( ,m4 ,beaum>*ais1 ( ,p>is--/at+1 fir/1 t z ! ,am]icans _h dismiss$ or s5t away99#f _! ,k+1 t !y w\ld want ano!r4 ,secondly1 t himself 0 a ,norman4 ,?irdly1 t he 0 ( a m anci5t family ?an ! ,dukes ( ,norm&y1 & ( a m honorable desc5t1 8 l9e hav+ nev] be5 ba/>dis$4 ,f\r?ly1 t !re 0 already a prec$5t 9 ,engl& ( k+s com+ out ( ,norm&y1 & on ^! gr\nds he re/$ 8 (f]1 enjo9+ t ! ,doctor w\ld =w>d x to ,am]ica4 ,b z ! ,doctor nei!r did ?is1 nor yet s5t him an answ]1 ! projector wrote a second lett]1 9 :i* he did n1 x is true1 ?reat5 to g ov] & conqu] ,am]ica1 b only ) great dignity propos$ t if 8 (f] 0 n accept$1 an ackn[l$gm5t ( ab\t ,l#cj1jjj might be made to him = 8 g5]osity6 ,n[1 z all argum5ts respect+ succession mu/ necess>ily connect t succession ) "s beg9n+1 ,mr4 ,burke's argum5ts on ?is subject g to %[ t !re is no ,engli% orig9 ( k+s1 & t !y are desc5dants ( ! ,norman l9e 9 "r ( ! ,conque/4 ,x may1 !re=e1 be ( s]vice to 8 doctr9e to make ?is /ory kn[n1 & to in=m him1 t 9 case ( t natural ext9ction to :i* all mortality is subject1 ,k+s may aga9 be _h f ,norm&y1 on m reasonable t]ms ?an ,william ! ,conqu]or2 & consequ5tly1 t ! good p ( ,engl&1 at ! revolution ( #afhh1 might h done mu* bett]1 _h su* a g5]\s ,norman z ?is kn[n _! wants1 & !y _h kn[n 84 ,! *ivalric "* :i* ,mr4 ,burke s mu* admires1 is c]ta9ly mu* easi] to make a b>ga9 ) ?an a h>d deal+ ,dut*man4 ,b to return to ! matt]s ( ! con/itution3 ,! ,fr5* ,con/itution says1 ,!re %all be no titles2 &1 ( consequ5ce1 all t class ( equivocal g5]ation :i* 9 "s c\ntries is call$ ari/ocracy & 9 o!rs nobility1 is done away1 & ! pe] is exalt$ into ! ,man4 ,titles are b nicknames1 & e nickname is a title4 ,! ?+ is p]fectly h>mless 9 itself1 b x m>ks a sort ( fopp]y 9 ! human "*1 :i* degrades x4 ,x r$uces man into ! dim9utive ( man 9 ?+s :i* are great1 & ! c\nt]feit ( wom5 9 ?+s :i* are little4 ,x talks ab\t its f9e blue ribbon l a girl1 & %[s its new g>t] l a *ild4 ,a c]ta9 writ]1 ( "s antiquity1 says3 ,:5 ,i 0 a *ild1 ,i ?\ght z a *ild2 b :5 ,i became a man1 ,i put away *ildi% ?+s4 ,x is1 prop]ly1 f ! elevat$ m9d ( ,france t ! folly ( titles has fall54 ,x has outgr[n ! baby clo!s ( ,c\nt & ,duke1 & bree*$ itself 9 manhood4 ,france has n levell$1 x has exalt$4 ,x has put d[n ! dw>f1 to set up ! man4 ,! punyism ( a s5seless ^w l ,duke1 ,c\nt or ,e>l has ceas$ to please4 ,ev5 ^? :o possess$ !m h dis[n$ ! gibb]i%1 & z !y outgrew ! rickets1 h despis$ ! rattle4 ,! g5u9e m9d ( man1 ?ir/+ = its native home1 society1 contemns ! gewgaws t sep>ate him f x4 ,titles are l circles drawn by ! magician's w&1 to contract ! sph]e ( man's felicity4 ,he lives immur$ )9 ! ,ba/ille ( a ^w1 & surveys at a di/ance ! envi$ life ( man4 ,is x1 !n1 any wond] t titles %\ld fall 9 ,france8 ,is x n a great] wond] t !y %\ld be kept up any:]e8 ,:at are !y8 ,:at is _! wor?1 & :at is _! am\nt8 ,:5 we ?9k or speak ( a ,judge or a ,g5]al1 we associate ) x ! ideas ( (fice & "*2 we ?9k ( gravity 9 "o & brav]y 9 ! o!r2 b :5 we use ! ^w m]ely z a title1 no ideas associate ) x4 ,?r\gh all ! vocabul>y ( ,adam !re is n su* an animal z a ,duke or a ,c\nt2 nei!r c we connect any c]ta9 ideas ) ! words4 ,:e!r !y mean /r5g? or weakness1 wisdom or folly1 a *ild or a man1 or ! rid] or ! horse1 is all equivocal4 ,:at respect !n c be paid to t :i* describes no?+1 & :i* means no?+8 ,imag9ation has giv5 figure & "* to c5taurs1 satyrs1 & d[n to all ! fairy tribe2 b titles baffle ev5 ! p[]s ( fancy1 & are a *im]ical nondescript4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,if a :ole c\ntry is dispos$ to hold !m 9 contempt1 all _! value is gone1 & none w own !m4 ,x is common op9ion only t makes !m any?+1 or no?+1 or worse ?an no?+4 ,!re is no occasion to take titles away1 = !y take !mselves away :5 society concurs to ridicule !m4 ,?is species ( imag9>y consequ5ce has visibly decl9$ 9 e "p ( ,europe1 & x ha/5s to its exit z ! _w ( reason cont9ues to rise4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ! l[e/ class ( :at are call$ nobility 0 m ?\ght ( ?an ! highe/ is n[1 & :5 a man 9 arm\r rid+ ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom 9 que/ ( adv5tures 0 m />$ at ?an a mod]n ,duke4 ,! _w has se5 ?is folly fall1 & x has fall5 by be+ laugh$ at1 & ! f>ce ( titles w foll[ its fate4 ,! patriots ( ,france h discov]$ 9 good "t t rank & dignity 9 society mu/ take a new gr\nd4 ,! old "o has fall5 ?r\gh4 ,x mu/ n[ take ! sub/antial gr\nd ( "*1 in/ead ( ! *im]ical gr\nd ( titles2 & !y h br\ght _! titles to ! alt>1 & made ( !m a burnt-(f]+ to ,reason4 ,if no mis*ief _h annex$ itself to ! folly ( titles !y w\ld n h be5 wor? a s]i\s & =mal de/ruction1 su* z ! ,national ,assembly h decre$ !m2 & ?is makes x necess>y to enquire f>!r into ! nature & "* ( ari/ocracy4 ,t1 !n1 :i* is call$ ari/ocracy 9 "s c\ntries & nobility 9 o!rs arose out ( ! gov]nm5ts f\nd$ ^u conque/4 ,x 0 orig9ally a milit>y ord] = ! purpose ( support+ milit>y gov]nm5t 7= su* 7 all gov]nm5ts f\nd$ 9 conque/72 & to keep up a succession ( ?is ord] = ! purpose = :i* x 0 e/abli%$1 all ! y\ng] bran*es ( ^? families 7 dis9h]it$ & ! law ( primog5iture%ip set up4 ,! nature & "* ( ari/ocracy %[s itself to u 9 ?is law4 ,x is ! law aga9/ e o!r law ( nature1 & ,nature h]self calls = its de/ruction4 ,e/abli% family ju/ice1 & ari/ocracy falls4 ,by ! ari/ocratical law ( primog5iture%ip1 9 a family ( six *ildr5 five are expos$4 ,ari/ocracy has nev] m ?an "o *ild4 ,! re/ are begott5 to be dev\r$4 ,!y are ?r[n to ! cannibal = prey1 & ! natural p>5t prep>es ! unnatural repa/4 ,z ev]y?+ :i* is out ( nature 9 man affects1 m or less1 ! int]e/ ( society1 s does ?is4 ,all ! *ildr5 :i* ! ari/ocracy dis[ns 7:i* are all except ! elde/7 are1 9 g5]al1 ca/ l orphans on a p>i%1 to be provid$ = by ! public1 b at a great] *>ge4 ,unnecess>y (fices & places 9 gov]nm5ts & c\rts are creat$ at ! exp5se ( ! public to ma9ta9 !m4 ,) :at k9d ( p>5tal reflections c ! fa!r or "m contemplate _! y\ng] (fspr+8 ,by nature !y are *ildr51 & by m>riage !y are heirs2 b by ari/ocracy !y are ba/>ds & orphans4 ,!y are ! fle% & blood ( _! p>5ts 9 ! "o l9e1 & no?+ ak9 to !m 9 ! o!r4 ,to re/ore1 !re=e1 p>5ts to _! *ildr51 & *ildr5 to _! p>5ts relations to ea* o!r1 & man to society--& to ext]m9ate ! mon/] ari/ocracy1 root & bran*--! ,fr5* ,con/itution has de/roy$ ! law ( ,primog5iture%ip4 ,"h !n lies ! mon/]2 & ,mr4 ,burke1 if he pleases1 may write its epitaph4 ,hi!rto we h consid]$ ari/ocracy *iefly 9 "o po9t ( view4 ,we h n[ to consid] x 9 ano!r4 ,b :e!r we view x be=e or beh9d1 or sideways1 or any way else1 dome/ically or publicly1 x is /ill a mon/]4 ,9 ,france ari/ocracy _h "o feature less 9 its c\nt5ance ?an :at x has 9 "s o!r c\ntries4 ,x did n compose a body ( h]$it>y legislators4 ,x 0 n a corporation ( ari/ocracy1 = su* ,i h he>d ,m4 de la ,fayette describe an ,engli% ,h\se ( ,pe]s4 ,let u !n exam9e ! gr\nds ^u :i* ! ,fr5* ,con/itution has resolv$ aga9/ hav+ su* a ,h\se 9 ,france4 ,because1 9 ! fir/ place1 z is already m5tion$1 ari/ocracy is kept up by family tyranny & inju/ice4 ,secondly4 ,because !re is an unnatural unfitness 9 an ari/ocracy to be legislators = a nation4 ,_! ideas ( di/ributive ju/ice are corrupt$ at ! v s\rce4 ,!y beg9 life by trampl+ on all _! y\ng] bro!rs & si/]s1 & relations ( e k9d1 & are taught & educat$ s to d4 ,) :at ideas ( ju/ice or hon\r c t man ent] a h\se ( legislation1 :o absorbs 9 8 own p]son ! inh]itance ( a :ole family ( *ildr5 or doles out to !m "s pitiful portion ) ! insol5ce ( a gift8 ,?irdly4 ,because ! idea ( h]$it>y legislators is z inconsi/5t z t ( h]$it>y judges1 or h]$it>y juries2 & z absurd z an h]$it>y ma!matician1 or an h]$it>y wise man2 & z ridicul\s z an h]$it>y poet laureate4 ,f\r?ly4 ,because a body ( m51 hold+ !mselves acc\ntable to nobody1 ought n to be tru/$ by anybody4 ,fif?ly4 ,because x is cont9u+ ! uncivilis$ pr9ciple ( gov]nm5ts f\nd$ 9 conque/1 & ! base idea ( man hav+ prop]ty 9 man1 & gov]n+ him by p]sonal "r4 ,six?ly4 ,because ari/ocracy has a t5d5cy to det]iorate ! human species4 ,by ! univ]sal economy ( nature x is kn[n1 & by ! in/ance ( ! ,jews x is prov$1 t ! human species has a t5d5cy to deg5]ate1 9 any small numb] ( p]sons1 :5 sep>at$ f ! g5]al /ock ( society1 & int]-m>ry+ con/antly ) ea* o!r4 ,x defeats ev5 its pret5d$ end1 & becomes 9 "t ! opposite ( :at is noble 9 man4 ,mr4 ,burke talks ( nobility2 let him %[ :at x is4 ,! greate/ *>act]s ! _w h kn[n h aris5 on ! democratic floor4 ,ari/ocracy has n be5 able to keep a proportionate pace ) democracy4 ,! artificial ,noble %r9ks into a dw>f be=e ! ,noble ( ,nature2 & 9 ! few in/ances ( ^? 7= !re are "s 9 all c\ntries7 9 :om nature1 z by a miracle1 has surviv$ 9 ari/ocracy1 ,^? ,m5 ,despise ,x4--,b x is "t to proce$ to a new subject4 ,! ,fr5* ,con/itution has re=m$ ! condition ( ! cl]gy4 ,x has rais$ ! income ( ! l[] & middle classes1 & tak5 f ! high]4 ,none are n[ less ?an twelve hundr$ livres 7fifty p\nds /]l+71 nor any high] ?an two or ?ree ?\s& p\nds4 ,:at w ,mr4 ,burke place aga9/ ?is8 ,he> :at he says4 ,he says3 ,t ! p ( ,engl& c see )\t pa9 or grudg+1 an ar*bi%op prec$e a duke2 !y c see a ,bi%op ( ,durham1 or a ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/] 9 possession ( ,l#aj1jjj a-ye>2 & _c see :y x is 9 worse h&s ?an e/ates to a l am\nt1 9 ! h&s ( ?is e>l or t squire4 ,& ,mr4 ,burke (f]s ?is z an example to ,france4 ,z to ! fir/ "p1 :e!r ! ar*bi%op prec$es ! duke1 or ! duke ! bi%op1 x is1 ,i believe1 to ! p 9 g5]al1 some:at l ,/]nhold & ,hopk9s1 or ,hopk9s & ,/]nhold2 y may put :i* y please fir/2 & z ,i confess t ,i d n und]/& ! m]its ( ?is case1 ,i w n conte/ x ) ,mr4 ,burke4 ,b ) respect to ! latt]1 ,i h some?+ to say4 ,mr4 ,burke has n put ! case "r4 ,! comp>ison is out ( ord]1 by be+ put betwe5 ! bi%op & ! e>l or ! squire4 ,x ought to be put betwe5 ! bi%op & ! curate1 & !n x w /& ?us3--,! p ( ,engl& c see )\t pa9 or grudg+1 a ,bi%op ( ,durham1 or a ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]1 9 possession ( t5 ?\s& p\nds a-ye>1 & a curate on ?irty or =ty p\nds a-ye>1 or less4 ,no1 sir1 !y c]ta9ly d n see ^? ?+s )\t great pa9 or grudg+4 ,x is a case t applies itself to e man's s5se ( ju/ice1 & is "o among _m t calls al\d = a con/itution4 ,9 ,france ! cry ( ! *ur*6 ! *ur*6 0 repeat$ z (t5 z 9 ,mr4 ,burke's book1 & z l\dly z :5 ! ,diss5t]s' ,bill 0 be=e ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t2 b ! g5]ality ( ! ,fr5* cl]gy 7 n to be deceiv$ by ?is cry any long]4 ,!y knew t :atev] ! pret5ce might be1 x 0 !y :o 7 "o ( ! pr9cipal objects ( x4 ,x 0 ! cry ( ! high b5efic$ cl]gy1 to prev5t any regulation ( income tak+ place betwe5 ^? ( t5 ?\s& p\nds a-ye> & ! p>i% prie/4 ,!y !re=e jo9$ _! case to ^? ( e o!r oppress$ class ( m51 & by ?is union obta9$ r$ress4 ,! ,fr5* ,con/itution has aboli%$ ty!s1 t s\rce ( p]petual discont5t betwe5 ! ty!-hold] & ! p>i%ion]4 ,:5 l& is held on ty!1 x is 9 ! condition ( an e/ate held betwe5 two p>ties2 ! "o receiv+ "o-t5?1 & ! o!r n9e-t5?s ( ! produce3 & consequ5tly1 on pr9ciples ( equity1 if ! e/ate c be improv$1 & made to produce by t improvem5t d\ble or treble :at x did be=e1 or 9 any o!r ratio1 ! exp5se ( su* improvem5t ought to be borne 9 l proportion betwe5 ! p>ties :o are to %>e ! produce4 ,b ?is is n ! case 9 ty!s3 ! f>m] be>s ! :ole exp5se1 & ! ty!-hold] takes a t5? ( ! improvem5t1 9 addition to ! orig9al t5?1 & by ?is means gets ! value ( two-t5?s in/ead ( "o4 ,?is is ano!r case t calls = a con/itution4 ,! ,fr5* ,con/itution ha? aboli%$ or r5\nc$ ,tol]ation & ,intol]ance also1 & ha? e/abli%$ ,univ]sal ,"r ,( ,consci5ce4 ,tol]ation is n ! opposite ( ,intol]ance1 b is ! c\nt]feit ( x4 ,bo? are despotisms4 ,! "o assumes to itself ! "r ( )hold+ ,lib]ty ( ,consci5ce1 & ! o!r ( grant+ x4 ,! "o is ! ,pope arm$ ) fire & faggot1 & ! o!r is ! ,pope sell+ or grant+ indulg5ces4 ,! =m] is *ur* & /ate1 & ! latt] is *ur* & traffic4 ,b ,tol]ation may be view$ 9 a mu* /rong] light4 ,man wor%ips n himself1 b 8 ,mak]2 & ! lib]ty ( consci5ce :i* he claims is n = ! s]vice ( himself1 b ( 8 ,god4 ,9 ?is case1 !re=e1 we mu/ necess>ily h ! associat$ idea ( two ?+s2 ! mortal :o r5d]s ! wor%ip1 & ! ,immortal ,be+ :o is wor%ipp$4 ,tol]ation1 !re=e1 places itself1 n betwe5 man & man1 nor betwe5 *ur* & *ur*1 nor betwe5 "o d5om9ation ( religion & ano!r1 b betwe5 ,god & man2 betwe5 ! be+ :o wor%ips1 & ! ,be+ :o is wor%ipp$2 & by ! same act ( assum$ au?ority :i* x tol]ates man to pay 8 wor%ip1 x presumptu\sly & blasphem\sly sets itself up to tol]ate ! ,almighty to receive x4 ,7 a bill br\ght into any ,p>liam5t1 entitl$1 ,an ,act to tol]ate or grant lib]ty to ! ,almighty to receive ! wor%ip ( a ,jew or ,turk1 or to prohibit ! ,almighty f receiv+ x1 all m5 w\ld />tle & call x blasphemy4 ,!re w\ld be an upro>4 ,! presumption ( tol]ation 9 religi\s matt]s w\ld !n pres5t itself unmask$2 b ! presumption is n ! less because ! "n ( ,man only appe>s to ^? laws1 = ! associat$ idea ( ! wor%ipp] & ! wor%ipp$ _c be sep>at$4 ,:o !n art ?\1 va9 du/ & a%es6 by :atev] "n ?\ art call$1 :e!r a ,k+1 a ,bi%op1 a ,*ur*1 or a ,/ate1 a ,p>liam5t1 or any?+ else1 t obtrude/ ?9e insignificance betwe5 ! s\l ( man & its ,mak]8 ,m9d ?9e own conc]ns4 ,if he believes n z ?\ believe/1 x is a pro( t ?\ believe/ n z he believes1 & !re is no e>?ly p[] c det]m9e betwe5 y4 ,) respect to :at are call$ d5om9ations ( religion1 if e "o is left to judge ( its own religion1 !re is no su* ?+ z a religion t is wrong2 b if !y are to judge ( ea* o!r's religion1 !re is no su* ?+ z a religion t is "r2 & !re=e all ! _w is "r1 or all ! _w is wrong4 ,b ) respect to religion itself1 )\t reg>d to names1 & z direct+ itself f ! univ]sal family ( mank9d to ! ,div9e object ( all adoration1 x is man br++ to 8 ,mak] ! fruits ( 8 he>t2 & ?\gh ^? fruits may diff] f ea* o!r l ! fruits ( ! e>?1 ! grateful tribute ( e "o is accept$4 ,a ,bi%op ( ,durham1 or a ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]1 or ! ar*bi%op :o heads ! dukes1 w n refuse a ty!-%eaf ( :eat because x is n a cock ( hay1 nor a cock ( hay because x is n a %eaf ( :eat2 nor a pig1 because x is nei!r "o nor ! o!r2 b ^! same p]sons1 "u ! figure ( an e/abli%$ *ur*1 w n p]mit _! ,mak] to receive ! v>i$ ty!s ( man's devotion4 ,"o ( ! cont9ual *oruses ( ,mr4 ,burke's book is ,*ur* & ,/ate4 ,he does n mean "s "o p>ticul> *ur*1 or "s "o p>ticul> /ate1 b any *ur* & /ate2 & he uses ! t]m z a g5]al figure to hold =? ! political doctr9e ( always unit+ ! *ur* ) ! /ate 9 e c\ntry1 & he c5sures ! ,national ,assembly = n hav+ done ?is 9 ,france4 ,let u be/[ a few ?\ghts on ?is subject4 ,all religions are 9 _! nature k9d & b5ign1 & unit$ ) pr9ciples ( morality4 ,!y c\ld n h made proselytes at fir/ by pr(ess+ any?+ t 0 vici\s1 cruel1 p]secut+1 or immoral4 ,l ev]y?+ else1 !y _h _! beg9n+2 & !y proce$$ by p]suasion1 exhortation1 & example4 ,h[ !n is x t !y lose _! native mildness1 & become morose & intol]ant8 ,x proce$s f ! connection :i* ,mr4 ,burke recomm5ds4 ,by eng5d]+ ! *ur* ) ! /ate1 a sort ( mule-animal1 capable only ( de/roy+1 & n ( bre$+ up1 is produc$1 call$ ! ,*ur* e/abli%$ by ,law4 ,x is a /rang]1 ev5 f its bir?1 to any p>5t "m1 on :om x is begott51 & :om 9 "t x kicks out & de/roys4 ,! inquisition 9 ,spa9 does n proce$ f ! religion orig9ally pr(ess$1 b f ?is mule-animal1 eng5d]$ betwe5 ! *ur* & ! /ate4 ,! burn+s 9 ,smi?field proce$$ f ! same het]og5e\s production2 & x 0 ! reg5]ation ( ?is /range animal 9 ,engl& aft]w>ds1 t r5ew$ ranc\r & irreligion among ! inhabitants1 & t drove ! p call$ ,quak]s & ,diss5t]s to ,am]ica4 ,p]secution is n an orig9al feature 9 any religion2 b x is alway ! /rongly-m>k$ feature ( all law-religions1 or religions e/abli%$ by law4 ,take away ! law-e/abli%m5t1 & e religion re-assumes its orig9al b5ignity4 ,9 ,am]ica1 a ca?olic prie/ is a good citiz51 a good "*1 & a good neighb\r2 an episcopalian m9i/] is ( ! same description3 & ?is proce$s indep5d5tly ( ! m51 f !re be+ no law-e/abli%m5t 9 ,am]ica4 ,if also we view ?is matt] 9 a temporal s5se1 we %all see ! ill effects x has _h on ! prosp]ity ( nations4 ,! union ( *ur* & /ate has impov]i%$ ,spa94 ,! revok+ ! edict ( ,nantes drove ! silk manufacture f t c\ntry into ,engl&2 & *ur* & /ate are n[ driv+ ! cotton manufacture f ,engl& to ,am]ica & ,france4 ,let !n ,mr4 ,burke cont9ue to prea* 8 antipolitical doctr9e ( ,*ur* & ,/ate4 ,x w d "s good4 ,! ,national ,assembly w n foll[ 8 advice1 b w b5efit by 8 folly4 ,x 0 by obs]v+ ! ill effects ( x 9 ,engl&1 t ,am]ica has be5 w>n$ aga9/ x2 & x is by exp]i5c+ !m 9 ,france1 t ! ,national ,assembly h aboli%$ x1 &1 l ,am]ica1 h e/abli%$ ,univ]sal ,"r ,( ,consci5ce1 ,& ,univ]sal ,"r ,( ,citiz5%ip499#g ,i w "h cease ! comp>ison ) respect to ! pr9ciples ( ! ,fr5* ,con/itution1 & conclude ?is "p ( ! subject ) a few obs]vations on ! organisation ( ! =mal p>ts ( ! ,fr5* & ,engli% gov]nm5ts4 ,! executive p[] 9 ea* c\ntry is 9 ! h&s ( a p]son /yl$ ! ,k+2 b ! ,fr5* ,con/itution di/+ui%es betwe5 ! ,k+ & ! ,sov]eign3 ,x consid]s ! /ation ( ,k+ z (ficial1 & places ,sov]eignty 9 ! nation4 ,! repres5tatives ( ! nation1 :o compose ! ,national ,assembly1 & :o are ! legislative p[]1 orig9ate 9 & f ! p by election1 z an inh]5t "r 9 ! p4--,9 ,engl& x is o!rwise2 & ?is arises f ! orig9al e/abli%m5t ( :at is call$ its mon>*y2 =1 z by ! conque/ all ! rights ( ! p or ! nation 7 absorb$ into ! h&s ( ! ,conqu]or1 & :o add$ ! title ( ,k+ to t ( ,conqu]or1 ^? same matt]s :i* 9 ,france are n[ held z rights 9 ! p1 or 9 ! nation1 are held 9 ,engl& z grants f :at is call$ ! cr[n4 ,! ,p>liam5t 9 ,engl&1 9 bo? its bran*es1 0 erect$ by pat5ts f ! desc5dants ( ! ,conqu]or4 ,! ,h\se ( ,commons did n orig9ate z a matt] ( "r 9 ! p to delegate or elect1 b z a grant or boon4 ,by ! ,fr5* ,con/itution ! nation is always nam$ be=e ! k+4 ,! ?ird article ( ! decl>ation ( rights says3 ,! nation is ess5tially ! s\rce 7or f\nta97 ( all sov]eignty4 ,mr4 ,burke argues t 9 ,engl& a k+ is ! f\nta9--t he is ! f\nta9 ( all hon\r4 ,b z ?is idea is evid5tly desc5d$ f ! conque/ ,i %all make no o!r rem>k ^u x1 ?an t x is ! nature ( conque/ to turn ev]y?+ upside d[n2 & z ,mr4 ,burke w n be refus$ ! privilege ( speak+ twice1 & z !re are b two p>ts 9 ! figure1 ! f\nta9 & ! sp\t1 he w be "r ! second "t4 ,! ,fr5* ,con/itution puts ! legislative be=e ! executive1 ! law be=e ! k+2 la loi1 le roi4 ,?is also is 9 ! natural ord] ( ?+s1 because laws mu/ h exi/5ce be=e !y c h execution4 ,a k+ 9 ,france does n1 9 address+ himself to ! ,national ,assembly1 say1 ,my ,assembly1 simil> to ! phrase us$ 9 ,engl& ( my ,p>liam5t2 nei!r c he use x consi/5tly ) ! con/itution1 nor c\ld x be admitt$4 ,!re may be propriety 9 ! use ( x 9 ,engl&1 because z is be=e m5tion$1 bo? ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t orig9at$ f :at is call$ ! cr[n by pat5t or boon--& n f ! inh]5t rights ( ! p1 z ! ,national ,assembly does 9 ,france1 & ^: "n designates its orig94 ,! ,presid5t ( ! ,national ,assembly does n ask ! ,k+ to grant to ! ,assembly lib]ty ( spee*1 z is ! case ) ! ,engli% ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,! con/itutional dignity ( ! ,national ,assembly _c debase itself4 ,spee* is1 9 ! fir/ place1 "o ( ! natural rights ( man always reta9$2 & ) respect to ! ,national ,assembly ! use ( x is _! duty1 & ! nation is _! au?ority4 ,!y 7 elect$ by ! greate/ body ( m5 ex]cis+ ! "r ( election ! ,european _w ev] saw4 ,!y sprung n f ! fil? ( rott5 bor\ghs1 nor are !y ! vassal repres5tatives ( ari/ocratical ones4 ,feel+ ! prop] dignity ( _! "* !y support x4 ,_! ,p>liam5t>y language1 :e!r = or aga9/ a "q1 is free1 bold & manly1 & ext5ds to all ! p>ts & circum/ances ( ! case4 ,if any matt] or subject respect+ ! executive dep>tm5t or ! p]son :o presides 9 x 7! k+7 comes be=e !m x is debat$ on ) ! _s ( m51 & 9 ! language ( g5tlem52 & _! answ] or _! address is return$ 9 ! same /yle4 ,!y /& n alo( ) ! gap+ vacuity ( vulg> ignorance1 nor b5d ) ! cr+e ( sycophantic insignificance4 ,! graceful pride ( tru? kn[s no extremes1 & pres]ves1 9 e latitude ( life1 ! "r-angl$ "* ( man4 ,let u n[ look to ! o!r side ( ! "q4 ,9 ! addresses ( ! ,engli% ,p>liam5ts to _! k+s we see nei!r ! intrepid _s ( ! old ,p>liam5ts ( ,france1 nor ! s]5e dignity ( ! pres5t ,national ,assembly2 nei!r d we see 9 !m any?+ ( ! /yle ( ,engli% mann]s1 :i* bord] some:at on bluntness4 ,s9ce !n !y are nei!r ( =eign extraction1 nor naturally ( ,engli% production1 _! orig9 mu/ be s\ght = else:]e1 & t orig9 is ! ,norman ,conque/4 ,!y are evid5tly ( ! vassalage class ( mann]s1 & emphatically m>k ! pro/rate di/ance t exi/s 9 no o!r condition ( m5 ?an betwe5 ! conqu]or & ! conqu]$4 ,t ?is vassalage idea & /yle ( speak+ 0 n got rid ( ev5 at ! ,revolution ( #afhh1 is evid5t f ! decl>ation ( ,p>liam5t to ,william & ,m>y 9 ^! words3 ,we d mo/ humbly & fai?fully submit ourselves1 our heirs & po/]ities1 = ev]4 ,submission is :olly a vassalage t]m1 repugnant to ! dignity ( fre$om1 & an e*o ( ! language us$ at ! ,conque/4 ,z ! e/imation ( all ?+s is giv5 by comp>ison1 ! ,revolution ( #afhh1 h[ev] f circum/ances x may h be5 exalt$ beyond its value1 w f9d its level4 ,x is already on ! wane1 eclips$ by ! enl>g+ orb ( reason1 & ! lum9\s revolutions ( ,am]ica & ,france4 ,9 less ?an ano!r c5tury x w g1 z well z ,mr4 ,burke's lab\rs1 to ! family vault ( all ! ,capulets4 ,mank9d w !n sc>cely believe t a c\ntry call+ itself free w\ld s5d to ,holl& = a man1 & clo! him ) p[] on purpose to put !mselves 9 fe> ( him1 & give him almo/ a million /]l+ a ye> = leave to submit !mselves & _! po/]ity1 l bondm5 & bondwom51 = ev]4 ,b !re is a tru? t ought to be made kn[n2 ,i h _h ! opportunity ( see+ x2 :i* is1 t not)/&+ appe>ances1 !re is n any description ( m5 t despise mon>*y s mu* z c\rti]s4 ,b !y well "k1 t if x 7 se5 by o!rs1 z x is se5 by !m1 ! juggle c\ld n be kept up2 !y are 9 ! condition ( m5 :o get _! liv+ by a %[1 & to :om ! folly ( t %[ is s famili> t !y ridicule x2 b 7 ! audi5ce to be made z wise 9 ?is respect z !mselves1 !re w\ld be an end to ! %[ & ! pr(its ) x4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 a republican & a c\rti] ) respect to mon>*y1 is t ! "o opposes mon>*y1 believ+ x to be some?+2 & ! o!r laughs at x1 kn[+ x to be no?+4 ,z ,i us$ sometimes to correspond ) ,mr4 ,burke believ+ him !n to be a man ( s\nd] pr9ciples ?an 8 book %[s him to be1 ,i wrote to him la/ w9t] f ,p>is1 & gave him an acc\nt h[ prosp]\sly matt]s 7 go+ on4 ,among o!r subjects 9 t lett]1 ,i ref]r$ to ! happy situation ! ,national ,assembly 7 plac$ 92 t !y _h tak5 gr\nd on :i* _! moral duty & _! political int]e/ 7 unit$4 ,!y h n to hold out a language :i* !y d n !mselves believe1 = ! fraudul5t purpose ( mak+ o!rs believe x4 ,_! /ation requires no artifice to support x1 & c only be ma9ta9$ by enlight5+ mank9d4 ,x is n _! int]e/ to *]i% ignorance1 b to dispel x4 ,!y are n 9 ! case ( a m9i/]ial or an opposition p>ty 9 ,engl&1 :o1 ?\gh !y are oppos$1 are /ill unit$ to keep up ! common my/]y4 ,! ,national ,assembly mu/ ?r[ op5 a magaz9e ( light4 ,x mu/ %[ man ! prop] "* ( man2 & ! ne>] x c br+ him to t /&>d1 ! /rong] ! ,national ,assembly becomes4 ,9 contemplat+ ! ,fr5* ,con/itution1 we see 9 x a rational ord] ( ?+s4 ,! pr9ciples h>monise ) ! =ms1 & bo? ) _! orig94 ,x may p]haps be said z an excuse = bad =ms1 t !y are no?+ m ?an =ms2 b ?is is a mi/ake4 ,=ms gr[ out ( pr9ciples1 & op]ate to cont9ue ! pr9ciples !y gr[ f4 ,x is impossible to practise a bad =m on any?+ b a bad pr9ciple4 ,x _c be +raft$ on a good "o2 & :]ev] ! =ms 9 any gov]nm5t are bad1 x is a c]ta9 indication t ! pr9ciples are bad also4 ,i w "h f9ally close ?is subject4 ,i began x by rem>k+ t ,mr4 ,burke _h volunt>ily decl9$ go+ into a comp>ison ( ! ,engli% & ,fr5* ,con/itutions4 ,he apologises 79 page #bda7 = n do+ x1 by say+ t he _h n "t4 ,mr4 ,burke's book 0 upw>ds ( eight mon?s 9 h&1 & is ext5d$ to a volume ( ?ree hundr$ & sixty-six pages4 ,z 8 omission does injury to 8 cause1 8 apology makes x worse2 & m5 on ! ,engli% side ( ! wat] w beg9 to consid]1 :e!r !re is n "s radical defect 9 :at is call$ ! ,engli% con/itution1 t made x necess>y = ,mr4 ,burke to suppress ! comp>ison1 to avoid br++ x into view4 ,z ,mr4 ,burke has n writt5 on con/itutions s nei!r has he writt5 on ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,he gives no acc\nt ( its comm5cem5t or its progress4 ,he only expresses 8 wond]4 ,x looks1 says he1 to me1 z if ,i 7 9 a great crisis1 n ( ! affairs ( ,france alone1 b ( all ,europe1 p]haps ( m ?an ,europe4 ,all circum/ances tak5 toge!r1 ! ,fr5* ,revolution is ! mo/ a/oni%+ t has hi!rto happ5$ 9 ! _w4 ,z wise m5 are a/oni%$ at fooli% ?+s1 & o!r p at wise ones1 ,i "k n on :i* gr\nd to acc\nt = ,mr4 ,burke's a/oni%m5t2 b c]ta9 x is1 t he does n und]/& ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,x has app>5tly bur/ =? l a creation f a *aos1 b x is no m ?an ! consequ5ce ( a m5tal revolution priorily exi/+ 9 ,france4 ,! m9d ( ! nation _h *ang$ be=eh&1 & ! new ord] ( ?+s has naturally foll[$ ! new ord] ( ?\ghts4 ,i w "h1 z concisely z ,i c1 trace out ! gr[? ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 & m>k ! circum/ances t h contribut$ to produce x4 ,! despotism ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 unit$ ) ! gaiety ( 8 ,c\rt1 & ! gaudy o/5tation ( 8 "*1 _h s humbl$1 & at ! same "t s fasc9at$ ! m9d ( ,france1 t ! p appe>$ to h lo/ all s5se ( _! own dignity1 9 contemplat+ t ( _! ,gr& ,mon>*2 & ! :ole reign ( ,l\is ,,xv41 rem>kable only = weakness & effem9acy1 made no o!r alt]ation ?an t ( spread+ a sort ( le?>gy ov] ! nation1 f :i* x %[$ no disposition to rise4 ,! only signs :i* appe>$ to ! _s ( ,lib]ty dur+ ^? p]iods1 are to be f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,fr5* philosoph]s4 ,montesquieu1 ,presid5t ( ! ,p>liam5t ( ,bordeaux1 w5t z f> z a writ] "u a despotic gov]nm5t c\ld well proce$2 & be+ oblig$ to divide himself betwe5 pr9ciple & prud5ce1 8 m9d (t5 appe>s "u a veil1 & we ought to give him cr$it = m ?an he has express$4 ,voltaire1 :o 0 bo? ! flatt]] & ! satiri/ ( despotism1 took ano!r l9e4 ,8 =te lay 9 expos+ & ridicul+ ! sup]/itions :i* prie/-craft1 unit$ ) /ate-craft1 _h int]wov5 ) gov]nm5ts4 ,x 0 n f ! purity ( 8 pr9ciples1 or 8 love ( mank9d 7= satire & philan?ropy are n naturally concordant71 b f 8 /rong capacity ( see+ folly 9 its true %ape1 & 8 irresi/ible prop5sity to expose x1 t he made ^? attacks4 ,!y 71 h[ev]1 z =midable z if ! motive _h be5 virtu\s2 & he m]its ! ?anks r ?an ! e/eem ( mank9d4 ,on ! contr>y1 we f9d 9 ! writ+s ( ,r\sseau1 & ! ,abbe ,raynal1 a lovel9ess ( s5tim5t 9 fav\r ( lib]ty1 t excites respect1 & elevates ! human faculties2 b hav+ rais$ ?is animation1 !y d n direct its op]ation1 & leave ! m9d 9 love ) an object1 )\t describ+ ! means ( possess+ x4 ,! writ+s ( ,quesnay1 ,turgot1 & ! fri5ds ( ^? au?ors1 are ( ! s]i\s k9d2 b !y lab\r$ "u ! same disadvantage ) ,montesquieu2 _! writ+s ab\nd ) moral maxims ( gov]nm5t1 b are r direct$ to economise & re=m ! adm9i/ration ( ! gov]nm5t1 ?an ! gov]nm5t itself4 ,b all ^? writ+s & _m o!rs _h _! weight2 & by ! diff]5t mann] 9 :i* !y treat$ ! subject ( gov]nm5t1 ,montesquieu by 8 judgm5t & k ( laws1 ,voltaire by 8 wit1 ,r\sseau & ,raynal by _! animation1 & ,quesnay & ,turgot by _! moral maxims & sy/ems ( economy1 read]s ( e class met ) some?+ to _! ta/e1 & a _s ( political inquiry began to diffuse itself ?r\gh ! nation at ! "t ! dispute betwe5 ,engl& & ! !n colonies ( ,am]ica broke out4 ,9 ! w> :i* ,france aft]w>ds engag$ 91 x is v well kn[n t ! nation appe>$ to be be=e-h& ) ! ,fr5* m9i/ry4 ,ea* ( !m _h its view2 b ^? views 7 direct$ to diff]5t objects2 ! "o s\ght lib]ty1 & ! o!r retaliation on ,engl&4 ,! ,fr5* (fic]s & soldi]s :o aft] ?is w5t to ,am]ica1 7 ev5tually plac$ 9 ! s*ool ( ,fre$om1 & le>n$ ! practice z well z ! pr9ciples ( x by he>t4 ,z x 0 impossible to sep>ate ! milit>y ev5ts :i* took place 9 ,am]ica f ! pr9ciples ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 ! publication ( ^? ev5ts 9 ,france necess>ily connect$ !mselves ) ! pr9ciples :i* produc$ !m4 ,_m ( ! facts 7 9 !mselves pr9ciples2 su* z ! decl>ation ( ,am]ican ,indep5d5ce1 & ! treaty ( alliance betwe5 ,france & ,am]ica1 :i* recognis$ ! natural rights ( man1 & ju/ifi$ resi/ance to oppression4 ,! !n ,m9i/] ( ,france1 ,c\nt ,v]g5nes1 0 n ! fri5d ( ,am]ica2 & x is bo? ju/ice & gratitude to say1 t x 0 ! ,que5 ( ,france :o gave ! cause ( ,am]ica a fa%ion at ! ,fr5* ,c\rt4 ,c\nt ,v]g5nes 0 ! p]sonal & social fri5d ( ,dr4 ,frankl92 & ! ,doctor _h obta9$1 by 8 s5sible gracefulness1 a sort ( influ5ce ov] him2 b ) respect to pr9ciples ,c\nt ,v]g5nes 0 a despot4 ,! situation ( ,dr4 ,frankl91 z ,m9i/] f ,am]ica to ,france1 %\ld be tak5 into ! *a9 ( circum/ances4 ,! diplomatic "* is ( itself ! n>r[e/ sph]e ( society t man c act 94 ,x =bids int]c\rse by ! reciprocity ( suspicion2 & a diplomatic is a sort ( unconnect$ atom1 cont9ually repell+ & repell$4 ,b ?is 0 n ! case ) ,dr4 ,frankl94 ,he 0 n ! diplomatic ( a ,c\rt1 b ( ,man4 ,8 "* z a philosoph] _h be5 long e/abli%$1 & 8 circle ( society 9 ,france 0 univ]sal4 ,c\nt ,v]g5nes resi/$ = a consid]able "t ! publication 9 ,france ( ,am]ican con/itutions1 translat$ into ! ,fr5* language3 b ev5 9 ?is he 0 oblig$ to give way to public op9ion1 & a sort ( propriety 9 admitt+ to appe> :at he _h und]tak5 to def5d4 ,! ,am]ican con/itutions 7 to lib]ty :at a gramm> is to language3 !y def9e its p>ts ( spee*1 & practically con/ruct !m into syntax4 ,! peculi> situation ( ! !n ,m>quis de la ,fayette is ano!r l9k 9 ! great *a94 ,he s]v$ 9 ,am]ica z an ,am]ican (fic] "u a commission ( ,congress1 & by ! univ]sality ( 8 acqua9tance 0 9 close fri5d%ip ) ! civil gov]nm5t ( ,am]ica1 z well z ) ! milit>y l9e4 ,he spoke ! language ( ! c\ntry1 ent]$ into ! discussions on ! pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t1 & 0 always a welcome fri5d at any election4 ,:5 ! w> clos$1 a va/ re9=cem5t to ! cause ( ,lib]ty spread itself ov] ,france1 by ! return ( ! ,fr5* (fic]s & soldi]s4 ,a k ( ! practice 0 !n jo9$ to ! !ory2 & all t 0 want+ to give x real exi/5ce 0 opportunity4 ,man _c1 prop]ly speak+1 make circum/ances = 8 purpose1 b he always has x 9 8 p[] to improve !m :5 !y occur1 & ?is 0 ! case 9 ,france4 ,m4 ,neck> 0 displac$ 9 ,may1 #agha2 & by ! ill-managem5t ( ! f9ances aft]w>ds1 & p>ticul>ly dur+ ! extravagant adm9i/ration ( ,m4 ,calonne1 ! rev5ue ( ,france1 :i* 0 ne>ly tw5ty-f\r millions /]l+ p] ye>1 0 become unequal to ! exp5diture1 n because ! rev5ue _h decreas$1 b because ! exp5ses _h increas$2 & ?is 0 a circum/ance :i* ! nation laid hold ( to br+ =w>d a ,revolution4 ,! ,engli% ,m9i/]1 ,mr4 ,pitt1 has frequ5tly allud$ to ! /ate ( ! ,fr5* f9ances 9 8 budgets1 )\t und]/&+ ! subject4 ,_h ! ,fr5* ,p>liam5ts be5 z ready to regi/] edicts = new taxes z an ,engli% ,p>liam5t is to grant !m1 !re _h be5 no d]angem5t 9 ! f9ances1 nor yet any ,revolution2 b ?is w bett] expla9 itself z ,i proce$4 ,x w be necess>y "h to %[ h[ taxes 7 =m]ly rais$ 9 ,france4 ,! ,k+1 or r ! ,c\rt or ,m9i/ry act+ "u ! use ( t "n1 fram$ ! edicts = taxes at _! own discretion1 & s5t !m to ! ,p>liam5ts to be regi/]$2 = until !y 7 regi/]$ by ! ,p>liam5ts !y 7 n op]ative4 ,disputes _h long exi/$ betwe5 ! ,c\rt & ! ,p>liam5ts ) respect to ! ext5t ( ! ,p>liam5t's au?ority on ?is head4 ,! ,c\rt insi/$ t ! au?ority ( ,p>liam5ts w5t no f>!r ?an to remon/rate or %[ reasons aga9/ ! tax1 res]v+ to itself ! "r ( det]m9+ :e!r ! reasons 7 well or ill-f\nd$2 & 9 consequ5ce !re(1 ei!r to )draw ! edict z a matt] ( *oice1 or to ord] x to be unregi/]$ z a matt] ( au?ority4 ,! ,p>liam5ts on _! "p insi/$ t !y _h n only a "r to remon/rate1 b to reject2 & on ?is gr\nd !y 7 always support$ by ! nation4 ,b to return to ! ord] ( my n>rative4 ,m4 ,calonne want$ money3 & z he knew ! /urdy disposition ( ! ,p>liam5ts ) respect to new taxes1 he +5i\sly s\ght ei!r to approa* !m by a m g5tle means ?an t ( direct au?ority1 or to get ov] _! heads by a manoeuvre2 & = ?is purpose he reviv$ ! project ( assembl+ a body ( m5 f ! sev]al prov9ces1 "u ! /yle ( an ,assembly ( ! ,notables1 or m5 ( note1 :o met 9 #aghg1 & :o 7 ei!r to recomm5d taxes to ! ,p>liam5ts1 or to act z a ,p>liam5t !mselves4 ,an ,assembly "u ?is "n _h be5 call$ 9 #afag4 ,z we are to view ?is z ! fir/ practical /ep t[>ds ! ,revolution1 x w be prop] to ent] into "s p>ticul>s respect+ x4 ,! ,assembly ( ! ,notables has 9 "s places be5 mi/ak5 = ! ,/ates-,g5]al1 b 0 :olly a diff]5t body1 ! ,/ates-,g5]al be+ always by election4 ,! p]sons :o compos$ ! ,assembly ( ! ,notables 7 all nom9at$ by ! k+1 & consi/$ ( "o hundr$ & =ty memb]s4 ,b z ,m4 ,calonne c\ld n dep5d ^u a majority ( ?is ,assembly 9 8 fav\r1 he v +5i\sly arrang$ !m 9 su* a mann] z to make =ty-f\r a majority ( "o hundr$ & =ty2 to effect ?is he dispos$ ( !m into sev5 sep>ate committees1 ( tw5ty memb]s ea*4 ,e g5]al "q 0 to be decid$1 n by a majority ( p]sons1 b by a majority ( committee1 & z elev5 votes w\ld make a majority 9 a committee1 & f\r committees a majority ( sev51 ,m4 ,calonne _h good reason to conclude t z =ty-f\r w\ld det]m9e any g5]al "q he c\ld n be outvot$4 ,b all 8 plans deceiv$ him1 & 9 ! ev5t became 8 ov]?r[4 ,! !n ,m>quis de la ,fayette 0 plac$ 9 ! second committee1 ( :i* ! ,c\nt ,d',artois 0 presid5t1 & z money matt]s 7 ! object1 x naturally br\ght into view e circum/ance connect$ ) x4 ,m4 de la ,fayette made a v]bal *>ge aga9/ ,calonne = sell+ cr[n l&s to ! am\nt ( two millions ( livres1 9 a mann] t appe>$ to be unkn[n to ! k+4 ,! ,c\nt ,d',artois 7z if to intimidate1 = ! ,ba/ille 0 !n 9 be+7 ask$ ! ,m>quis if he w\ld r5d] ! *>ge 9 writ+8 ,he repli$ t he w\ld4 ,! ,c\nt ,d',artois did n dem& x1 b br\ght a message f ! k+ to t purport4 ,m4 de la ,fayette !n deliv]$ 9 8 *>ge 9 writ+1 to be giv5 to ! k+1 und]tak+ to support x4 ,no f>!r proce$+s 7 _h ^u ?is affair1 b ,m4 ,calonne 0 soon aft] dismiss$ by ! k+ & set (f to ,engl&4 ,z ,m4 de la ,fayette1 f ! exp]i5ce ( :at he _h se5 9 ,am]ica1 0 bett] acqua9t$ ) ! sci5ce ( civil gov]nm5t ?an ! g5]ality ( ! memb]s :o compos$ ! ,assembly ( ! ,notables c\ld !n be1 ! brunt ( ! bus9ess fell consid]ably to 8 %>e4 ,! plan ( ^? :o _h a con/itution 9 view 0 to cont5d ) ! ,c\rt on ! gr\nd ( taxes1 & "s ( !m op5ly pr(ess$ _! object4 ,disputes frequ5tly arose betwe5 ,c\nt ,d',artois & ,m4 de la ,fayette ^u v>i\s subjects4 ,) respect to ! arre>s already incurr$ ! latt] propos$ to rem$y !m by accommodat+ ! exp5ses to ! rev5ue in/ead ( ! rev5ue to ! exp5ses2 & z objects ( re=m he propos$ to aboli% ! ,ba/ille & all ! ,/ate prisons ?r\gh\t ! nation 7! keep+ ( :i* 0 att5d$ ) great exp5se71 & to suppress ,lettres de ,ca*et2 b ^? matt]s 7 n !n mu* att5d$ to1 & ) respect to ,lettres de ,ca*et1 a majority ( ! ,nobles appe>$ to be 9 fav\r ( !m4 ,on ! subject ( supply+ ! ,treasury by new taxes ! ,assembly decl9$ tak+ ! matt] on !mselves1 concurr+ 9 ! op9ion t !y _h n au?ority4 ,9 a debate on ?is subject ,m4 de la ,fayette said t rais+ money by taxes c\ld only be done by a ,national ,assembly1 freely elect$ by ! p1 & act+ z _! repres5tatives4 ,d y mean1 said ! ,c\nt ,d',artois1 ! ,/ates-,g5]al8 ,m4 de la ,fayette repli$ t he did4 ,w y1 said ! ,c\nt ,d',artois1 sign :at y say to be giv5 to ! k+8 ,! o!r repli$ t he w\ld n only d ?is b t he w\ld g f>!r1 & say t ! effectual mode w\ld be = ! k+ to agree to ! e/abli%m5t ( a con/itution4 ,z "o ( ! plans _h ?us fail$1 t ( gett+ ! ,assembly to act z a ,p>liam5t1 ! o!r came into view1 t ( recomm5d+4 ,on ?is subject ! ,assembly agre$ to recomm5d two new taxes to be unregi/]$ by ! ,p>liam5t3 ! "o a /amp-tax & ! o!r a t]ritorial tax1 or sort ( l&-tax4 ,! two h be5 e/imat$ at ab\t five millions /]l+ p] annum4 ,we h n[ to turn our att5tion to ! ,p>liam5ts1 on :om ! bus9ess 0 aga9 devolv+4 ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,?\l\se 7s9ce ,ar*bi%op ( ,s5s1 & n[ a ,c>d9al71 0 appo9t$ to ! adm9i/ration ( ! f9ances soon aft] ! dismission ( ,calonne4 ,he 0 also made ,prime ,m9i/]1 an (fice t did n always exi/ 9 ,france4 ,:5 ?is (fice did n exi/1 ! *ief ( ea* ( ! pr9cipal dep>tm5ts transact$ bus9ess imm$iately ) ! ,k+1 b :5 a ,prime ,m9i/] 0 appo9t$ !y did bus9ess only ) him4 ,! ,ar*bi%op arriv$ to m /ate au?ority ?an any m9i/] s9ce ! ,duke de ,*oiseul1 & ! nation 0 /rongly dispos$ 9 8 fav\r2 b by a l9e ( conduct sc>cely to be acc\nt$ = he p]v]t$ e opportunity1 turn$ out a despot1 & sunk into disgrace1 & a ,c>d9al4 ,! ,assembly ( ! ,notables hav+ brok5 up1 ! m9i/] s5t ! edicts = ! two new taxes recomm5d$ by ! ,assembly to ! ,p>liam5ts to be unregi/]$4 ,!y ( c\rse came fir/ be=e ! ,p>liam5t ( ,p>is1 :o return$ = answ]3 t ) su* a rev5ue z ! nation !n support$ ! "n ( taxes ought n to be m5tion$ b = ! purpose ( r$uc+ !m2 & ?rew bo? ! edicts out499#h ,on ?is refusal ! ,p>liam5t 0 ord]$ to ,v]sailles1 :]e1 9 ! usual =m1 ! ,k+ held :at "u ! old gov]nm5t 0 call$ a ,b$ ( ju/ice2 & ! two edicts 7 unregi/]$ 9 pres5ce ( ! ,p>liam5t by an ord] ( ,/ate1 9 ! mann] m5tion$1 e>li]4 ,on ?is ! ,p>liam5t imm$iately return$ to ,p>is1 r5ew$ _! session 9 =m1 & ord]$ ! enregi/]+ to be /ruck out1 decl>+ t ev]y?+ done at ,v]sailles 0 illegal4 ,all ! memb]s ( ! ,p>liam5t 7 !n s]v$ ) ,lettres de ,ca*et1 & exil$ to ,troyes2 b z !y cont9u$ z inflexible 9 exile z be=e1 & z v5geance did n supply ! place ( taxes1 !y 7 aft] a %ort "t recall$ to ,p>is4 ,! edicts 7 aga9 t5d]$ to !m1 & ! ,c\nt ,d',artois und]took to act z repres5tative ( ! ,k+4 ,= ?is purpose he came f ,v]sailles to ,p>is1 9 a tra9 ( procession2 & ! ,p>liam5t 7 assembl$ to receive him4 ,b %[ & p>ade _h lo/ _! influ5ce 9 ,france2 & :atev] ideas ( importance he might set (f )1 he _h to return ) ^? ( mortification & disappo9tm5t4 ,on alight+ f 8 c>riage to asc5d ! /eps ( ! ,p>liam5t ,h\se1 ! cr[d 7:i* 0 num]\sly collect$7 ?rew out trite expressions1 say+3 ,?is is ,monsieur ,d',artois1 :o wants m ( our money to sp5d4 ,! m>k$ disapprobation :i* he saw impress$ him ) appreh5sions1 & ! ^w ,aux armes6 7,to arms67 0 giv5 out by ! (fic] ( ! gu>d :o att5d$ him4 ,x 0 s l\dly vocif]at$1 t x e*o$ ?r\gh ! av5ues ( ! h\se1 & produc$ a tempor>y confusion4 ,i 0 !n /&+ 9 "o ( ! ap>tm5ts ?r\gh :i* he _h to pass1 & c\ld n avoid reflect+ h[ wret*$ 0 ! condition ( a disrespect$ man4 ,he endeav\r$ to impress ! ,p>liam5t by great words1 & op5$ 8 au?ority by say+1 ,! ,k+1 our ,"l & ,ma/]4 ,! ,p>liam5t receiv$ him v coolly1 & ) _! usual det]m9ation n to regi/] ! taxes3 & 9 ?is mann] ! int]view end$4 ,aft] ?is a new subject took place3 ,9 ! v>i\s debates & conte/s :i* arose betwe5 ! ,c\rt & ! ,p>liam5ts on ! subject ( taxes1 ! ,p>liam5t ( ,p>is at la/ decl>$ t al?\gh x _h be5 cu/om>y = ,p>liam5ts to enregi/] edicts = taxes z a matt] ( conv5i5ce1 ! "r belong$ only to ! ,/ates-,g5]al2 & t1 !re=e1 ! ,p>liam5t c\ld no long] ) propriety cont9ue to debate on :at x _h n au?ority to act4 ,! ,k+ aft] ?is came to ,p>is & held a meet+ ) ! ,p>liam5t1 9 :i* he cont9u$ f t5 9 ! morn+ till ab\t six 9 ! ev5+1 &1 9 a mann] t appe>$ to proce$ f him z if unconsult$ ^u ) ! ,cab9et or ,m9i/ry1 gave 8 ^w to ! ,p>liam5t t ! ,/ates-,g5]al %\ld be conv5$4 ,b aft] ?is ano!r sc5e arose1 on a gr\nd diff]5t f all ! =m]4 ,! ,m9i/] & ! ,cab9et 7 av]se to call+ ! ,/ates-,g5]al4 ,!y well knew t if ! ,/ates-,g5]al 7 assembl$1 !mselves mu/ fall2 & z ! ,k+ _h n m5tion$ any "t1 !y hit on a project calculat$ to elude1 )\t appe>+ to oppose4 ,= ?is purpose1 ! ,c\rt set ab\t mak+ a sort ( con/itution itself4 ,x 0 pr9cipally ! "w ( ,m4 ,lamoignon1 ! ,keep] ( ! ,seals1 :o aft]w>ds %ot himself4 ,?is new arrangem5t consi/$ 9 e/abli%+ a body "u ! "n ( a ,c\r ,pl5i]e1 or ,full ,c\rt1 9 :i* 7 inve/$ all ! p[]s t ! ,gov]nm5t might h occasion to make use (4 ,! p]sons compos+ ?is ,c\rt 7 to be nom9at$ by ! ,k+2 ! cont5d$ "r ( taxation 0 giv5 up on ! "p ( ! ,k+1 & a new crim9al code ( laws & law proce$+s 0 sub/itut$ 9 ! room ( ! =m]4 ,! ?+1 9 _m po9ts1 conta9$ bett] pr9ciples ?an ^? ^u :i* ! ,gov]nm5t _h hi!rto be5 adm9i/]$2 b ) respect to ! ,c\r ,pl5i]e1 x 0 no o!r ?an a m$ium ?r\gh :i* despotism 0 to pass1 )\t appe>+ to act directly f itself4 ,! ,cab9et _h high expectations f _! new contrivance4 ,! p :o 7 to compose ! ,c\r ,pl5i]e 7 already nom9at$2 & z x 0 necess>y to c>ry a fair appe>ance1 _m ( ! be/ *>act]s 9 ! nation 7 appo9t$ among ! numb]4 ,x 0 to comm5ce on ,may #h1 #aghh2 b an opposition arose to x on two gr\nds ! "o z to pr9ciple1 ! o!r z to =m4 ,on ! gr\nd ( ,pr9ciple x 0 cont5d$ t ,gov]nm5t _h n a "r to alt] itself1 & t if ! practice 0 once admitt$ x w\ld gr[ into a pr9ciple & be made a prec$5t = any future alt]ations ! ,gov]nm5t might wi% to e/abli%3 t ! "r ( alt]+ ! ,gov]nm5t 0 a national "r1 & n a "r ( ,gov]nm5t4 ,& on ! gr\nd ( =m x 0 cont5d$ t ! ,c\r ,pl5i]e 0 no?+ m ?an a l>g] ,cab9et4 ,! !n ,duke de la ,ro*ef\cault1 ,luxemb\rg1 ,de ,noailles1 & _m o!rs1 refus$ to accept ! nom9ation1 & /r5u\sly oppos$ ! :ole plan4 ,:5 ! edict = e/abli%+ ?is new c\rt 0 s5t to ! ,p>liam5ts to be unregi/]$ & put into execution1 !y resi/$ also4 ,! ,p>liam5t ( ,p>is n only refus$1 b d5i$ ! au?ority2 & ! conte/ r5ew$ itself betwe5 ! ,p>liam5t & ! ,cab9et m /rongly ?an ev]4 ,:ile ! ,p>liam5t 7 sitt+ 9 debate on ?is subject1 ! ,m9i/ry ord]$ a regim5t ( soldi]s to surr\nd ! ,h\se & =m a blockade4 ,! memb]s s5t out = b$s & provisions1 & liv$ z 9 a besieg$ citadel3 & z ?is _h no effect1 ! comm&+ (fic] 0 ord]$ to ent] ! ,p>liam5t ,h\se & seize !m1 :i* he did1 & "s ( ! pr9cipal memb]s 7 %ut up 9 diff]5t prisons4 ,ab\t ! same "t a deputation ( p]sons arriv$ f ! prov9ce ( ,brittany to remon/rate aga9/ ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,c\r ,pl5i]e1 & ^? ! ar*bi%op s5t to ! ,ba/ille4 ,b ! _s ( ! nation 0 n to be ov]come1 & x 0 s fully s5sible ( ! /rong gr\nd x _h tak5--t ( )hold+ taxes--t x cont5t$ itself ) keep+ up a sort ( quiet resi/ance1 :i* effectually ov]?rew all ! plans at t "t =m$ aga9/ x4 ,! project ( ! ,c\r ,pl5i]e 0 at la/ oblig$ to be giv5 up1 & ! ,prime ,m9i/] n long aft]w>ds foll[$ its fate1 & ,m4 ,neck> 0 recall$ into (fice4 ,! attempt to e/abli% ! ,c\r ,pl5i]e _h an effect ^u ! nation :i* itself did n p]ceive4 ,x 0 a sort ( new =m ( gov]nm5t t ins5sibly s]v$ to put ! old "o out ( sight & to unh+e x f ! sup]/iti\s au?ority ( antiquity4 ,x 0 ,gov]nm5t de?ron+ ,gov]nm5t2 & ! old "o1 by attempt+ to make a new "o1 made a *asm4 ,! failure ( ?is s*eme r5ew$ ! subject ( conv5+ ! ,/ate-,g5]al2 & ?is gave rise to a new s]ies ( politics4 ,!re 0 no settl$ =m = conv5+ ! ,/ates-,g5]al3 all t x positively meant 0 a deputation f :at 0 !n call$ ! ,cl]gy1 ! ,noblesse1 & ! ,commons2 b _! numb]s or _! proportions _h n be5 always ! same4 ,!y _h be5 conv5$ only on extraord9>y occasions1 ! la/ ( :i* 0 9 #afad2 _! numb]s 7 !n 9 equal proportions1 & !y vot$ by ord]s4 ,x c\ld n well escape ! sagacity ( ,m4 ,neck>1 t ! mode ( #afad w\ld answ] nei!r ! purpose ( ! !n gov]nm5t nor ( ! nation4 ,z matt]s 7 at t "t circum/anc$ x w\ld h be5 too cont5ti\s to agree ^u any?+4 ,! debates w\ld h be5 endless ^u privileges & exemptions1 9 :i* nei!r ! wants ( ! ,gov]nm5t nor ! wi%es ( ! nation = a ,con/itution w\ld h be5 att5d$ to4 ,b z he did n *oose to take ! decision ^u himself1 he summon$ aga9 ! ,assembly ( ! ,notables & ref]r$ x to !m4 ,?is body 0 9 g5]al int]e/$ 9 ! decision1 be+ *iefly ( ari/ocracy & high-paid cl]gy1 & !y decid$ 9 favor ( ! mode ( #afad4 ,?is decision 0 aga9/ ! s5se ( ! ,nation1 & also aga9/ ! wi%es ( ! ,c\rt2 = ! ari/ocracy oppos$ itself to bo? & cont5d$ = privileges indep5d5t ( ei!r4 ,! subject 0 !n tak5 up by ! ,p>liam5t1 :o recomm5d$ t ! numb] ( ! ,commons %\ld be equal to ! o!r two3 & !y %\ld all sit 9 "o h\se & vote 9 "o body4 ,! numb] f9ally det]m9$ on 0 #a1bjj2 #fjj to be *os5 by ! ,commons 7& ?is 0 less ?an _! proportion ought to h be5 :5 _! wor? & consequ5ce is consid]$ on a national scale71 #cjj by ! ,cl]gy1 & #cjj by ! ,ari/ocracy2 b ) respect to ! mode ( assembl+ !mselves1 :e!r toge!r or ap>t1 or ! mann] 9 :i* !y %\ld vote1 ^? matt]s 7 ref]r$499#i ,! election t foll[$ 0 n a conte/$ election1 b an animat$ "o4 ,! c&idates 7 n m51 b pr9ciples4 ,societies 7 =m$ 9 ,p>is1 & committees ( correspond5ce & communication e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ! nation1 = ! purpose ( enlight5+ ! p1 & expla9+ to !m ! pr9ciples ( civil gov]nm5t2 & s ord]ly 0 ! election conduct$1 t x did n give rise ev5 to ! rum\r ( tumult4 ,! ,/ates-,g5]al 7 to meet at ,v]sailles 9 ,april #aghi1 b did n assemble till ,may4 ,!y situat$ !mselves 9 ?ree sep>ate *amb]s1 or r ! ,cl]gy & ,ari/ocracy )drew ea* into a sep>ate *amb]4 ,! majority ( ! ,ari/ocracy claim$ :at !y call$ ! privilege ( vot+ z a sep>ate body1 & ( giv+ _! cons5t or _! negative 9 t mann]2 & _m ( ! bi%ops & ! high-b5efic$ cl]gy claim$ ! same privilege on ! "p ( _! ,ord]4 ,! ,ti]s ,etat 7z !y 7 !n call$7 dis[n$ any k ( artificial ord]s & artificial privileges2 & !y 7 n only resolute on ?is po9t1 b some:at disda9ful4 ,!y began to consid] ! ,ari/ocracy z a k9d ( fungus gr[+ out ( ! corruption ( society1 t c\ld n be admitt$ ev5 z a bran* ( x2 & f ! disposition ! ,ari/ocracy _h %[n by uphold+ ,lettres de ,ca*et1 & 9 sundry o!r in/ances1 x 0 manife/ t no con/itution c\ld be =m$ by admitt+ m5 9 any o!r "* ?an z ,national ,m54 ,aft] v>i\s alt]cations on ?is head1 ! ,ti]s ,etat or ,commons 7z !y 7 !n call$7 decl>$ !mselves 7on a motion made = t purpose by ! ,abbe ,sieyes7 ,! ,repres5tative ,( ,! ,nation2 & t ! two ,ord]s c\ld be consid]$ b z deputies ( corporations1 & c\ld only h a delib]ate voice :5 !y assembl$ 9 a national "* ) ! national repres5tatives4 ,?is proce$+ ext+ui%$ ! /yle ( ,etats ,g5]aux1 or ,/ates-,g5]al1 & erect$ x into ! /yle x n[ be>s1 t ( ,l',assemblee ,nationale1 or ,national ,assembly4 ,?is motion 0 n made 9 a precipitate mann]4 ,x 0 ! result ( cool delib]ation1 & conc]n$ betwe5 ! national repres5tatives & ! patriotic memb]s ( ! two *amb]s1 :o saw into ! folly1 mis*ief1 & inju/ice ( artificial privileg$ di/9ctions4 ,x 0 become evid5t1 t no con/itution1 wor?y ( be+ call$ by t "n1 c\ld be e/abli%$ on any?+ less ?an a national gr\nd4 ,! ,ari/ocracy _h hi!rto oppos$ ! despotism ( ! ,c\rt1 & affect$ ! language ( patriotism2 b x oppos$ x z its rival 7z ! ,engli% ,b>ons oppos$ ,k+ ,john7 & x n[ oppos$ ! nation f ! same motives4 ,on c>ry+ ?is motion1 ! national repres5tatives1 z _h be5 conc]t$1 s5t an invitation to ! two *amb]s1 to unite ) !m 9 a national "*1 & proce$ to bus9ess4 ,a majority ( ! cl]gy1 *iefly ( ! p>i% prie/s1 )drew f ! cl]ical *amb]1 & jo9$ ! nation2 & =ty-five f ! o!r *amb] jo9$ 9 l mann]4 ,!re is a sort ( secret hi/ory belong+ to ?is la/ circum/ance1 :i* is necess>y to its explanation2 x 0 n judg$ prud5t t all ! patriotic memb]s ( ! *amb] /yl+ itself ! ,nobles1 %\ld quit x at once2 & 9 consequ5ce ( ?is arrangem5t1 !y drew (f by degrees1 always leav+ "s1 z well to reason ! case1 z to wat* ! suspect$4 ,9 a little "t ! numb]s increas$ f =ty-five to eighty1 & soon aft] to a great] numb]2 :i*1 ) ! majority ( ! cl]gy1 & ! :ole ( ! national repres5tatives1 put ! malcont5ts 9 a v dim9utive condition4 ,! ,k+1 :o1 v diff]5t f ! g5]al class call$ by t "n1 is a man ( a good he>t1 %[$ himself dispos$ to recomm5d a union ( ! ?ree *amb]s1 on ! gr\nd ! ,national ,assembly _h tak52 b ! malcont5ts ex]t$ !mselves to prev5t x1 & began n[ to h ano!r project 9 view4 ,_! numb]s consi/$ ( a majority ( ! ari/ocratical *amb]1 & ! m9ority ( ! cl]ical *amb]1 *iefly ( bi%ops & high-b5efic$ cl]gy2 & ^! m5 7 det]m9$ to put ev]y?+ to issue1 z well by /r5g? z by /ratagem4 ,!y _h no objection to a con/itution2 b x mu/ be su* a "o z !mselves %\ld dictate1 & suit$ to _! own views & p>ticul> situations4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,nation dis[n$ kn[+ any?+ ( !m b z citiz5s1 & 0 det]m9$ to %ut out all su* up-/>t pret5sions4 ,! m ari/ocracy appe>$1 ! m x 0 despis$2 !re 0 a visible imbecility & want ( intellects 9 ! majority1 a sort ( je ne sais quoi1 t :ile x affect$ to be m ?an citiz51 0 less ?an man4 ,x lo/ gr\nd f contempt m ?an f hatr$2 & 0 r je]$ at z an ass1 ?an dread$ z a lion4 ,?is is ! g5]al "* ( ari/ocracy1 or :at are call$ ,nobles or ,nobility1 or r ,no-ability1 9 all c\ntries4 ,! plan ( ! malcont5ts consi/$ n[ ( two ?+s2 ei!r to delib]ate & vote by *amb]s 7or ord]s71 m especially on all que/ions respect+ a ,con/itution 7by :i* ! ari/ocratical *amb] w\ld h _h a negative on any article ( ! ,con/itution72 or1 9 case !y c\ld n accompli% ?is object1 to ov]?r[ ! ,national ,assembly entirely4 ,to effect "o or o!r ( ^! objects !y began to cultivate a fri5d%ip ) ! despotism !y _h hi!rto attempt$ to rival1 & ! ,c\nt ,d',artois became _! *ief4 ,! k+ 7:o has s9ce decl>$ himself deceiv$ into _! measures7 held1 accord+ to ! old =m1 a ,b$ ( ,ju/ice1 9 :i* he accord$ to ! delib]ation & vote p> tete 7by head7 ^u sev]al subjects2 b res]v$ ! delib]ation & vote ^u all que/ions respect+ a con/itution to ! ?ree *amb]s sep>ately4 ,?is decl>ation ( ! k+ 0 made aga9/ ! advice ( ,m4 ,neck>1 :o n[ began to p]ceive t he 0 gr[+ out ( fa%ion at ,c\rt1 & t ano!r m9i/] 0 9 contemplation4 ,z ! =m ( sitt+ 9 sep>ate *amb]s 0 yet app>5tly kept up1 ?\gh ess5tially de/roy$1 ! national repres5tatives imm$iately aft] ?is decl>ation ( ! ,k+ resort$ to _! own *amb]s to consult on a prote/ aga9/ x2 & ! m9ority ( ! *amb] 7call+ itself ! ,nobles71 :o _h jo9$ ! national cause1 retir$ to a private h\se to consult 9 l mann]4 ,! malcont5ts _h by ?is "t conc]t$ _! measures ) ! c\rt1 :i* ! ,c\nt ,d',artois und]took to conduct2 & z !y saw f ! discont5t :i* ! decl>ation excit$1 & ! opposition mak+ aga9/ x1 t !y c\ld n obta9 a control ov] ! int5d$ con/itution by a sep>ate vote1 !y prep>$ !mselves = _! f9al object--t ( conspir+ aga9/ ! ,national ,assembly1 & ov]?r[+ x4 ,! next morn+ ! door ( ! *amb] ( ! ,national ,assembly 0 %ut aga9/ !m1 & gu>d$ by troops2 & ! memb]s 7 refus$ admittance4 ,on ?is !y )drew to a t5nis-gr\nd 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,v]sailles1 z ! mo/ conv5i5t place !y c\ld f9d1 &1 aft] r5ew+ _! session1 took an oa? nev] to sep>ate f ea* o!r1 "u any circum/ance :atev]1 dea? except$1 until !y _h e/abli%$ a con/itution4 ,z ! exp]im5t ( %utt+ up ! h\se _h no o!r effect ?an t ( produc+ a clos] connection 9 ! memb]s1 x 0 op5$ aga9 ! next day1 & ! public bus9ess recomm5c$ 9 ! usual place4 ,we are n[ to h 9 view ! =m+ ( ! new m9i/ry1 :i* 0 to accompli% ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,national ,assembly4 ,b z =ce w\ld be necess>y1 ord]s 7 issu$ to assemble ?irty ?\s& troops1 ! comm& ( :i* 0 giv5 to ,broglio1 "o ( ! int5d$ new m9i/ry1 :o 0 recall$ f ! c\ntry = ?is purpose4 ,b z "s managem5t 0 necess>y to keep ?is plan conceal$ till ! mom5t x %\ld be ready = execution1 x is to ?is policy t a decl>ation made by ,c\nt ,d',artois mu/ be attribut$1 & :i* is "h prop] to be introduc$4 ,x c\ld n b occur :ile ! malcont5ts cont9u$ to resort to _! *amb]s sep>ate f ! ,national ,assembly1 m jeal\sy w\ld be excit$ ?an if !y 7 mix$ ) x1 & t ! plot might be suspect$4 ,b z !y _h tak5 _! gr\nd1 & n[ want$ a pret5ce = quitt+ x1 x 0 necess>y t "o %\ld be devis$4 ,?is 0 effectually accompli%$ by a decl>ation made by ! ,c\nt ,d',artois3 ,t if !y took n a ,"p 9 ! ,national ,assembly1 ! life ( ! k+ w\ld be endang]$3 on :i* !y quitt$ _! *amb]s1 & mix$ ) ! ,assembly1 9 "o body4 ,at ! "t ?is decl>ation 0 made1 x 0 g5]ally treat$ z a piece ( absurdity 9 ,c\nt ,d',artois calculat$ m]ely to relieve ! out/&+ memb]s ( ! two *amb]s f ! dim9utive situation !y 7 put 92 & if no?+ m _h foll[$1 ?is conclusion w\ld h be5 good4 ,b z ?+s be/ expla9 !mselves by _! ev5ts1 ?is app>5t union 0 only a cov] to ! ma*9ations :i* 7 secretly go+ on2 & ! decl>ation accommodat$ itself to answ] t purpose4 ,9 a little "t ! ,national ,assembly f\nd itself surr\nd$ by troops1 & ?\s&s m 7 daily arriv+4 ,on ?is a v /rong decl>ation 0 made by ! ,national ,assembly to ! ,k+1 remon/rat+ on ! impropriety ( ! measure1 & dem&+ ! reason4 ,! ,k+1 :o 0 n 9 ! secret ( ?is bus9ess1 z himself aft]w>ds decl>$1 gave sub/antially = answ]1 t he _h no o!r object 9 view ?an to pres]ve ! public tranquility1 :i* appe>$ to be mu* di/urb$4 ,b 9 a few days f ?is "t ! plot unravell$ itself ,m4 ,neck> & ! m9i/ry 7 displac$1 & a new "o =m$ ( ! enemies ( ! ,revolution2 & ,broglio1 ) betwe5 tw5ty-five & ?irty ?\s& =eign troops1 0 arriv$ to support !m4 ,! mask 0 n[ ?r[n (f1 & matt]s 7 come to a crisis4 ,! ev5t 0 t 9 a space ( ?ree days ! new m9i/ry & _! abettors f\nd x prud5t to fly ! nation2 ! ,ba/ille 0 tak51 & ,broglio & 8 =eign troops disp]s$1 z is already relat$ 9 ! =m] "p ( ?is "w4 ,!re are "s curi\s circum/ances 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is %ort-liv$ m9i/ry1 & ?is %ort-liv$ attempt at a c\nt]-revolution4 ,! ,palace ( ,v]sailles1 :]e ! ,c\rt 0 sitt+1 0 n m ?an f\r hundr$ y>ds di/ant f ! hall :]e ! ,national ,assembly 0 sitt+4 ,! two places 7 at ?is mom5t l ! sep>ate headqu>t]s ( two combatant armies2 yet ! ,c\rt 0 z p]fectly ignorant ( ! in=mation :i* _h arriv$ f ,p>is to ! ,national ,assembly1 z if x _h resid$ at an hundr$ miles di/ance4 ,! !n ,m>quis de la ,fayette1 :o 7z has be5 already m5tion$7 0 *os5 to preside 9 ! ,national ,assembly on ?is p>ticul> occasion1 nam$ by ord] ( ! ,assembly ?ree successive deputations to ! k+1 on ! day & up to ! ev5+ on :i* ! ,ba/ille 0 tak51 to in=m & conf] ) him on ! /ate ( affairs2 b ! m9i/ry1 :o knew n s mu* z t x 0 attack$1 preclud$ all communication1 & 7 solac+ !mselves h[ dextr\sly !y _h succe$$2 b 9 a few h\rs ! acc\nts arriv$ s ?ick & fa/ t !y _h to />t f _! desks & run4 ,"s set (f 9 "o disguise1 & "s 9 ano!r1 & none 9 _! own "*4 ,_! anxiety n[ 0 to outride ! news1 le/ !y %\ld be /opt1 :i*1 ?\gh x flew fa/1 flew n s fa/ z !mselves4 ,x is wor? rem>k+ t ! ,national ,assembly nei!r pursu$ ^? fugitive conspirators1 nor took any notice ( !m1 nor s\ght to retaliate 9 any %ape :atev]4 ,occupi$ ) e/abli%+ a con/itution f\nd$ on ! ,rights ( ,man & ! ,au?ority ( ! ,p1 ! only au?ority on :i* ,gov]nm5t has a "r to exi/ 9 any c\ntry1 ! ,national ,assembly felt none ( ^? mean passions :i* m>k ! "* ( imp]t95t gov]nm5ts1 f\nd+ !mselves on _! own au?ority1 or on ! absurdity ( h]$it>y succession4 ,x is ! faculty ( ! human m9d to become :at x contemplates1 & to act 9 unison ) its object4 ,! conspiracy be+ ?us disp]s$1 "o ( ! fir/ works ( ! ,national ,assembly1 in/ead ( v9dictive proclamations1 z has be5 ! case ) o!r gov]nm5ts1 0 to publi% a decl>ation ( ! ,rights ( ,man1 z ! basis on :i* ! new con/itution 0 to be built1 & :i* is "h subjo9$3 ,decl>ation ,( ,! ,rights ,( ,man ,& ,( ,citiz5s ,by ,! ,national ,assembly ,( ,france ,! repres5tatives ( ! p ( ,france1 =m$ into a ,national ,assembly1 consid]+ t ignorance1 neglect1 or contempt ( human rights1 are ! sole causes ( public mis=tunes & corruptions ( ,gov]nm5t1 h resolv$ to set =? 9 a solemn decl>ation1 ^! natural1 imprescriptible1 & inali5able rights3 t ?is decl>ation be+ con/antly pres5t to ! m9ds ( ! memb]s ( ! body social1 !y may be =ev] kept att5tive to _! rights & _! duties2 t ! acts ( ! legislative & executive p[]s ( ,gov]nm5t1 be+ capable ( be+ e mom5t comp>$ ) ! end ( political in/itutions1 may be m respect$2 & also1 t ! future claims ( ! citiz5s1 be+ direct$ by simple & inconte/able pr9ciples1 may always t5d to ! ma9t5ance ( ! ,con/itution1 & ! g5]al happ9ess4 ,= ^! reasons ! ,national ,assembly do? recognize & decl>e1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,supreme ,be+1 & ) ! hope ( 8 bless+ & fav\r1 ! foll[+ sacr$ rights ( m5 & ( citiz5s3 ,"o3 ,m5 are born1 & always cont9ue1 free & equal 9 respect ( _! ,rights4 ,civil di/9ctions1 !re=e1 c be f\nd$ only on ,public ,utility4 ,two3 ,! end ( all ,political associations is ! ,pres]vation ( ! ,natural & ,imprescriptible ,rights ( ,man2 & ^! rights are ,lib]ty1 ,prop]ty1 ,security1 & ,resi/ance ( ,oppression4 ,?ree3 ,! ,nation is ess5tially ! s\rce ( all ,sov]eignty2 nor c any individual1 or any body ( ,m51 be entitl$ to any au?ority :i* is n expressly d]iv$ f x4 ,f\r3 ,political ,lib]ty consi/s 9 ! p[] ( do+ :atev] does n ,injure ano!r4 ,! ex]cise ( ! ,natural ,rights ( e ,man1 has no o!r limits ?an ^? :i* are necess>y to secure to e o!r ,man ! ,free ex]cise ( ! same ,rights2 & ^! limits are det]m9able only by ! ,law4 ,five3 ,! ,law ought to ,prohibit only actions hurtful to ,society4 ,:at is n ,prohibit$ by ! ,law %\ld n be h9d]$2 nor %\ld anyone be compell$ to t :i* ! ,law does n ,require4 ,six3 ! ,law is an expression ( ! ,w ( ! ,community4 ,all ,citiz5s h a "r to concur1 ei!r p]sonally or by _! ,repres5tatives1 9 its =mation4 ,x ,%\ld be ! same to all1 :e!r x protects or puni%es2 & all be+ equal 9 its sight1 are equally eligible to all ,hon\rs1 ,places1 & employm5ts1 accord+ to _! diff]5t abilities1 )\t any o!r di/9ction ?an t creat$ by _! ,virtues & tal5ts4 ,sev53 ,no ,man %\ld be accus$1 arre/$1 or held 9 conf9em5t1 except 9 cases det]m9$ by ! ,law1 & accord+ to ! =ms :i* x has prescrib$4 ,all :o promote1 solicit1 execute1 or cause to be execut$1 arbitr>y ord]s1 ought to be puni%$1 & e ,citiz5 call$ ^u1 or appreh5d$ by virtue ( ! ,law1 ought imm$iately to obey1 & r5d]s himself culpable by resi/ance4 ,eight3 ,! ,law ought to impose no o!r p5alties b su* z are absolutely & evid5tly necess>y2 & no "o ought to be puni%$1 b 9 virtue ( a ,law promulgat$ be=e ! (f5ce1 & ,legally appli$4 ,n9e3 ,e ,man be+ presum$ innoc5t till he has be5 convict$1 :5ev] 8 det5tion becomes indisp5sable1 all rig\r to him1 m ?an is necess>y to secure 8 p]son1 ought to be provid$ aga9/ by ! ,law4 ,t53 ,no ,man ought to be mole/$ on acc\nt ( 8 op9ions1 n ev5 on acc\nt ( 8 ,religi\s op9ions1 provid$ 8 av[al ( !m does n di/urb ! ,public ,ord] e/abli%$ by ! ,law4 ,elev53 ,! unre/ra9$ communication ( ?\ghts & op9ions be+ "o ( ! ,mo/ ,preci\s ,rights ( ,man1 e ,citiz5 may speak1 write1 & publi% freely1 provid$ he is responsible = ! abuse ( ?is ,lib]ty1 9 cases det]m9$ by ! ,law4 ,twelve3 ,a ,public =ce be+ necess>y to give security to ! ,rights ( ,m5 & ( ,citiz5s1 t =ce is in/itut$ = ! b5efit ( ! ,community & n = ! p>ticul> b5efit ( ! p]sons to :om x is intru/$4 ,?irte53 ,a common contribution be+ necess>y = ! support ( ! ,public =ce1 & = defray+ ! o!r exp5ses ( ,gov]nm5t1 x ought to be divid$ equally among ! ,memb]s ( ! ,community1 accord+ to _! abilities4 ,f\rte53 e ,citiz5 has a ,"r1 ei!r by himself or 8 ,repres5tative1 to a free voice 9 det]m9+ ! necessity ( ,public ,contributions1 ! appropriation ( !m1 & _! am\nt1 mode ( assessm5t1 & duration4 ,fifte53 e ,community has a ,"r to dem& ( all its ag5ts an acc\nt ( _! conduct4 ,sixte53 e ,community 9 :i* a ,sep>ation ( ,p[]s & a ,security ( ,rights is n ,provid$ =1 wants a ,con/itution4 ,sev5te53 ,! ,"r to ,prop]ty be+ inviolable & sacr$1 no "o ought to be depriv$ ( x1 except 9 cases ( evid5t ,public necessity1 legally asc]ta9$1 & on condition ( a previ\s j ,indemnity4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,! ,,decl>ation ,,( ,,rights ,! fir/ ?ree articles compreh5d 9 g5]al t]ms ! :ole ( a ,decl>ation ( ,rights1 all ! succe$+ articles ei!r orig9ate f !m or foll[ z elucidations4 ,! #d?1 #e?1 & #f? def9e m p>ticul>ly :at is only g5]ally express$ 9 ! #a/1 #bnd1 & #crd4 ,! #g?1 #h?1 #i?1 #aj?1 & #aa? articles are decl>atory ( pr9ciples ^u :i* laws %all be con/ruct$1 con=mable to rights already decl>$4 ,b x is que/ion$ by "s v good p 9 ,france1 z well z 9 o!r c\ntries1 :e!r ! #aj? article suffici5tly gu>antees ! "r x is int5d$ to accord )2 besides :i* x takes (f f ! div9e dignity ( religion1 & weak5s its op]ative =ce ^u ! m9d1 to make x a subject ( human laws4 ,x !n pres5ts itself to man l light int]cept$ by a cl\dy m$ium1 9 :i* ! s\rce ( x is obscur$ f 8 sight1 & he sees no?+ to rev]5ce 9 ! dusky ray499#aj ,! rema9+ articles1 beg9n+ ) ! twelf?1 are sub/antially conta9$ 9 ! pr9ciples ( ! prec$+ articles2 b 9 ! p>ticul> situation 9 :i* ,france !n 01 hav+ to undo :at 0 wrong1 z well z to set up :at 0 "r1 x 0 prop] to be m p>ticul> ?an :at 9 ano!r condition ( ?+s w\ld be necess>y4 ,:ile ! ,decl>ation ( ,rights 0 be=e ! ,national ,assembly "s ( its memb]s rem>k$ t if a decl>ation ( rights 7 publi%$ x %\ld be accompani$ by a ,decl>ation ( ,duties4 ,! obs]vation discov]$ a m9d t reflect$1 & x only err$ by n reflect+ f> en\gh4 ,a ,decl>ation ( ,rights is1 by reciprocity1 a ,decl>ation ( ,duties also4 ,:atev] is my "r z a man is also ! "r ( ano!r2 & x becomes my duty to gu>antee z well z to possess4 ,! ?ree fir/ articles are ! base ( ,lib]ty1 z well individual z national2 nor c any c\ntry be call$ free ^: gov]nm5t does n take its beg9n+ f ! pr9ciples !y conta91 & cont9ue to pres]ve !m pure2 & ! :ole ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,rights is ( m value to ! _w1 & w d m good1 ?an all ! laws & /atutes t h yet be5 promulgat$4 ,9 ! decl>atory exordium :i* prefaces ! ,decl>ation ( ,rights we see ! solemn & maje/ic spectacle ( a nation op5+ its commission1 "u ! auspices ( its ,creator1 to e/abli% a ,gov]nm5t1 a sc5e s new1 & s transc5dantly unequall$ by any?+ 9 ! ,european _w1 t ! "n ( a ,revolution is dim9utive ( its "*1 & x rises into a ,reg5]ation ( man4 ,:at are ! pres5t ,gov]nm5ts ( ,europe b a sc5e ( iniquity & oppression8 ,:at is t ( ,engl&8 ,d n its own inhabitants say x is a m>ket :]e e man has 8 price1 & :]e corruption is common traffic at ! exp5se ( a delud$ p8 ,no wond]1 !n1 t ! ,fr5* ,revolution is traduc$4 ,_h x conf9$ itself m]ely to ! de/ruction ( flagrant despotism p]haps ,mr4 ,burke & "s o!rs _h be5 sil5t4 ,_! cry n[ is1 ,x has gone too f>--t is1 x has gone too f> = !m4 ,x />es corruption 9 ! face1 & ! v5al tribe are all al>m$4 ,_! fe> discov]s itself 9 _! outrage1 & !y are b publi%+ ! groans ( a w\nd$ vice4 ,b f su* opposition ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 in/ead ( suff]+1 receives an homage4 ,! m x is /ruck ! m sp>ks x w emit2 & ! fe> is x w n be /ruck en\gh4 ,x has no?+ to dread f attacks2 tru? has giv5 x an e/abli%m5t1 & "t w record x ) a "n z la/+ z 8 own4 ,hav+ n[ trac$ ! progress ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution ?r\gh mo/ ( its pr9cipal /ages1 f its comm5cem5t to ! tak+ ( ! ,ba/ille1 & its e/abli%m5t by ! ,decl>ation ( ,rights1 ,i w close ! subject ) ! en]getic apo/rophe ( ,m4 de la ,fayette1 ,may ?is great monum5t1 rais$ to ,lib]ty1 s]ve z a lesson to ! oppressor1 & an example to ! oppress$699#aa ,,miscellane\s ,,*apt] ,to prev5t int]rupt+ ! argum5t 9 ! prec$+ "p ( ?is "w1 or ! n>rative t foll[s x1 ,i res]v$ "s obs]vations to be ?r[n toge!r 9 a ,miscellane\s ,*apt]2 by :i* v>iety might n be c5sur$ = confusion4 ,mr4 ,burke's book is all ,miscellany4 ,8 int5tion 0 to make an attack on ! ,fr5* ,revolution2 b in/ead ( proce$+ ) an ord]ly arrangem5t1 he has /orm$ x ) a mob ( ideas tumbl+ ov] & de/roy+ "o ano!r4 ,b ?is confusion & contradiction 9 ,mr4 ,burke's ,book is easily acc\nt$ =4--,:5 a man 9 a wrong cause attempts to /e] 8 c\rse by any?+ else ?an "s pol> tru? or pr9ciple1 he is sure to be lo/4 ,x is beyond ! compass ( 8 capacity to keep all ! p>ts ( an argum5t toge!r1 & make !m unite 9 "o issue1 by any o!r means ?an hav+ ?is guide always 9 view4 ,nei!r memory nor inv5tion w supply ! want ( x4 ,! =m] fails him1 & ! latt] betrays him4 ,not)/&+ ! nons5se1 = x des]ves no bett] "n1 t ,mr4 ,burke has ass]t$ ab\t h]$it>y rights1 & h]$it>y succession1 & t a ,nation has n a "r to =m a ,gov]nm5t ( itself2 x happ5$ to fall 9 8 way to give "s acc\nt ( :at ,gov]nm5t is4 ,gov]nm5t1 says he1 is a contrivance ( human wisdom4 ,admitt+ t gov]nm5t is a contrivance ( human wisdom1 x mu/ necess>ily foll[1 t h]$it>y succession1 & h]$it>y rights 7z !y are call$71 c make no "p ( x1 because x is impossible to make wisdom h]$it>y2 & on ! o!r h&1 t _c be a wise contrivance1 :i* 9 its op]ation may commit ! gov]nm5t ( a nation to ! wisdom ( an idiot4 ,! gr\nd :i* ,mr4 ,burke n[ takes is fatal to e "p ( 8 cause4 ,! argum5t *anges f h]$it>y rights to h]$it>y wisdom2 & ! "q is1 ,:o is ! wise/ man8 ,he mu/ n[ %[ t e "o 9 ! l9e ( h]$it>y succession 0 a ,solomon1 or 8 title is n good to be a k+4 ,:at a /roke has ,mr4 ,burke n[ made6 ,to use a sailor's phrase1 he has swabb$ ! deck1 & sc>cely left a "n legible 9 ! li/ ( ,k+s2 & he has m[$ d[n & ?9n$ ! ,h\se ( ,pe]s1 ) a scy! z =midable z ,dea? & ,"t4 ,b ,mr4 ,burke appe>s to h be5 aw>e ( ?is retort2 & he has tak5 c>e to gu>d aga9/ x1 by mak+ gov]nm5t to be n only a contrivance ( human wisdom1 b a monopoly ( wisdom4 ,he puts ! nation z fools on "o side1 & places 8 gov]nm5t ( wisdom1 all wise m5 ( ,go?am1 on ! o!r side2 & he !n proclaims1 & says t ,m5 h a ,"r t _! ,wants %\ld be provid$ = by ?is wisdom4 ,hav+ ?us made proclamation1 he next proce$s to expla9 to !m :at _! wants are1 & also :at _! rights are4 ,9 ?is he has succe$$ dextr\sly1 = he makes _! wants to be a want ( wisdom2 b z ?is is cold com=t1 he !n in=ms !m1 t !y h a "r 7n to any ( ! wisdom7 b to be gov]n$ by x2 & 9 ord] to impress !m ) a solemn rev]5ce = ?is monopoly-gov]nm5t ( wisdom1 & ( its va/ capacity = all purposes1 possible or impossible1 "r or wrong1 he proce$s ) a/rological my/]i\s importance1 to tell to !m its p[]s 9 ^! words3 ,! rights ( m5 9 gov]nm5t are _! advantages2 & ^! are (t5 9 balance betwe5 diff]5ces ( good2 & 9 compromises sometimes betwe5 good & evil1 & sometimes betwe5 evil & evil4 ,political reason is a comput+ pr9ciple2 add+--subtract+--multiply+--& divid+1 morally & n metaphysically or ma!matically1 true moral d5om9ations4 ,z ! wond]+ audi5ce1 :om ,mr4 ,burke supposes himself talk+ to1 may n und]/& all ?is le>n$ j>gon1 ,i w und]take to be its int]pret]4 ,! mean+1 !n1 good p1 ( all ?is1 is3 ,t gov]nm5t is gov]n$ by no pr9ciple :atev]2 t x c make evil good1 or good evil1 j z x pleases4 ,9 %ort1 t gov]nm5t is arbitr>y p[]4 ,b !re are "s ?+s :i* ,mr4 ,burke has =gott54 ,fir/1 he has n %[n :]e ! wisdom orig9ally came f3 & secondly1 he has n %[n by :at au?ority x fir/ began to act4 ,9 ! mann] he introduces ! matt]1 x is ei!r gov]nm5t /eal+ wisdom1 or wisdom /eal+ gov]nm5t4 ,x is )\t an orig91 & its p[]s )\t au?ority4 ,9 %ort1 x is usurpation4 ,:e!r x be f a s5se ( %ame1 or f a consci\sness ( "s radical defect 9 a gov]nm5t necess>y to be kept out ( sight1 or f bo?1 or f any o!r cause1 ,i und]take n to det]m9e1 b s x is1 t a mon>*ical reason] nev] traces gov]nm5t to its s\rce1 or f its s\rce4 ,x is "o ( ! %ibbole?s by :i* he may be kn[n4 ,a ?\s& ye>s h5ce1 ^? :o %all live 9 ,am]ica or ,france1 w look back ) contemplative pride on ! orig9 ( _! gov]nm5t1 & say1 ,?is 0 ! "w ( our glori\s ance/ors6 ,b :at c a mon>*ical talk] say8 ,:at has he to exult 98 ,alas he has no?+4 ,a c]ta9 some?+ =bids him to look back to a beg9n+1 le/ "s robb]1 or "s ,rob9 ,hood1 %\ld rise f ! long obscurity ( "t & say1 ,i am ! orig94 ,h>d z ,mr4 ,burke lab\r$ at ! ,reg5cy ,bill & ,h]$it>y ,succession two ye>s ago1 & mu* z he div$ = prec$5ts1 he /ill _h n boldness en\gh to br+ up ,william ( ,norm&y1 & say1 ,!re is ! head ( ! li/6 !re is ! f\nta9 ( hon\r6 ! son ( a pro/itute1 & ! plund]] ( ! ,engli% nation4 ,! op9ions ( m5 ) respect to gov]nm5t are *ang+ fa/ 9 all c\ntries4 ,! ,revolutions ( ,am]ica & ,france h ?r[n a beam ( light ov] ! _w1 :i* rea*es into man4 ,! enorm\s exp5se ( gov]nm5ts has provok$ p to ?9k1 by mak+ !m feel2 & :5 once ! veil beg9s to r5d1 x admits n ( repair4 ,ignorance is ( a peculi> nature3 once dispell$1 x is impossible to re-e/abli% x4 ,x is n orig9ally a ?+ ( itself1 b is only ! abs5ce ( k2 & ?\gh man may be kept ignorant1 he _c be made ignorant4 ,! m9d1 9 discov]+ tru?1 acts 9 ! same mann] z x acts ?r\gh ! eye 9 discov]+ objects2 :5 once any object has be5 se51 x is impossible to put ! m9d back to ! same condition x 0 9 be=e x saw x4 ,^? :o talk ( a c\nt]-revolution 9 ,france1 %[ h[ little !y und]/& ( man4 ,!re does n exi/ 9 ! compass ( language an arrangem5t ( words to express s mu* z ! means ( effect+ a c\nt]-revolution4 ,! means mu/ be an oblit]ation ( k2 & x has nev] yet be5 discov]$ h[ to make man unkn[ 8 k1 or un?9k 8 ?\ghts4 ,mr4 ,burke is lab\r+ 9 va9 to /op ! progress ( k2 & x comes ) ! worse grace f him1 z !re is a c]ta9 transaction kn[n 9 ! city :i* r5d]s him suspect$ ( be+ a p5sion] 9 a fictiti\s "n4 ,?is may acc\nt = "s /range doctr9e he has advanc$ 9 8 book1 :i* ?\gh he po9ts x at ! ,revolution ,society1 is effectually direct$ aga9/ ! :ole nation4 ,! ,k+ ( ,engl&1 says he1 holds 8 cr[n 7= x does n belong to ! ,nation1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,burke7 9 contempt ( ! *oice ( ! ,revolution ,society1 :o h n a s+le vote = a k+ among !m ei!r individually or collectively2 & 8 ,maje/y's heirs ea* 9 _! "t & ord]1 w come to ! ,cr[n ) ! same contempt ( _! *oice1 ) :i* 8 ,maje/y has succe$$ to t :i* he n[ we>s4 ,z to :o is ,k+ 9 ,engl&1 or else:]e1 or :e!r !re is any ,k+ at all1 or :e!r ! p *oose a ,*]okee *ief1 or a ,hessian huss> = a ,k+1 x is n a matt] t ,i tr\ble myself ab\t--be t to !mselves2 b ) respect to ! doctr9e1 s f> z x relates to ! ,rights ( ,m5 & ,nations1 x is z abom9able z any?+ ev] utt]$ 9 ! mo/ enslav$ c\ntry "u heav54 ,:e!r x s\nds worse to my e>1 by n be+ accu/om$ to he> su* despotism1 ?an :at x does to ano!r p]son1 ,i am n s well a judge (2 b ( its abom9able pr9ciple ,i am at no loss to judge4 ,x is n ! ,revolution ,society t ,mr4 ,burke means2 x is ! ,nation1 z well 9 its orig9al z 9 its repres5tative "*2 & he has tak5 c>e to make himself und]/ood1 by say+ t !y h n a vote ei!r collectively or individually4 ,! ,revolution ,society is compos$ ( citiz5s ( all d5om9ations1 & ( memb]s ( bo? ! ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t2 & consequ5tly1 if !re is n a "r to a vote 9 any ( ! *>act]s1 !re c be no "r to any ei!r 9 ! nation or 9 its ,p>liam5t4 ,?is ought to be a caution to e c\ntry h[ to import =eign families to be k+s4 ,x is some:at curi\s to obs]ve1 t al?\gh ! p ( ,engl& _h be5 9 ! habit ( talk+ ab\t k+s1 x is always a ,=eign ,h\se ( ,k+s2 hat+ ,=eign]s yet gov]n$ by !m4--,x is n[ ! ,h\se ( ,brunswick1 "o ( ! petty tribes ( ,g]many4 ,x has hi!rto be5 ! practice ( ! ,engli% ,p>liam5ts to regulate :at 0 call$ ! succession 7tak+ x = grant$ t ! ,nation !n cont9u$ to accord to ! =m ( annex+ a mon>*ical bran* ( its gov]nm5t2 = )\t ?is ! ,p>liam5t c\ld n h _h au?ority to h s5t ei!r to ,holl& or to ,hanov]1 or to impose a k+ ^u ! nation aga9/ its w74 ,& ?is mu/ be ! utmo/ limit to :i* ,p>liam5t c g ^u ?is case2 b ! "r ( ! ,nation goes to ! :ole case1 because x has ! "r ( *ang+ its :ole =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,! "r ( a ,p>liam5t is only a "r 9 tru/1 a "r by delegation1 & t b f a v small "p ( ! ,nation2 & "o ( its ,h\ses has n ev5 ?is4 ,b ! "r ( ! ,nation is an orig9al "r1 z univ]sal z taxation4 ,! nation is ! payma/] ( ev]y?+1 & ev]y?+ mu/ con=m to its g5]al w4 ,i rememb] tak+ notice ( a spee* 9 :at is call$ ! ,engli% ,h\se ( ,pe]s1 by ! !n ,e>l ( ,%elburne1 & ,i ?9k x 0 at ! "t he 0 ,m9i/]1 :i* is applicable to ?is case4 ,i d n directly *>ge my memory ) e p>ticul>2 b ! words & ! purport1 z ne>ly z ,i rememb]1 7 ^!3 ,t ! =m ( a ,gov]nm5t 0 a matt] :olly at ! w ( ! ,nation at all times1 t if x *ose a mon>*ical =m1 x _h a "r to h x s2 & if x aft]w>ds *ose to be a ,republic1 x _h a "r to be a ,republic1 & to say to a ,k+1 ',we h no long] any occasion = y4' ,:5 ,mr4 ,burke says t ,8 ,maje/y's heirs & successors1 ea* 9 _! "t & ord]1 w come to ! cr[n ) ! same cont5t ( _! *oice ) :i* ,8 ,maje/y _h succe$$ to t he we>s1 x is say+ too mu* ev5 to ! humble/ individual 9 ! c\ntry2 "p ( ^: daily lab\r goes t[>ds mak+ up ! million /]l+ a-ye>1 :i* ! c\ntry gives ! p]son x /yles a k+4 ,gov]nm5t ) insol5ce is despotism2 b :5 contempt is add$ x becomes worse2 & to pay = contempt is ! excess ( slav]y4 ,?is species ( gov]nm5t comes f ,g]many2 & rem9ds me ( :at "o ( ! ,brunswick soldi]s told me1 :o 0 tak5 prison] by1 ! ,am]icans 9 ! late w>3 ,ah6 said he1 ,am]ica is a f9e free c\ntry1 x is wor? ! p's fight+ =2 ,i "k ! diff]5ce by kn[+ my own3 9 my c\ntry1 if ! pr9ce says eat /raw1 we eat /raw4 ,god help t c\ntry1 ?\ght ,i1 be x ,engl& or else:]e1 ^: lib]ties are to be protect$ by ,g]man pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t1 & ,pr9ces ( ,brunswick6 ,z ,mr4 ,burke sometimes speaks ( ,engl&1 sometimes ( ,france1 & sometimes ( ! _w1 & ( gov]nm5t 9 g5]al1 x is difficult to answ] 8 book )\t app>5tly meet+ him on ! same gr\nd4 ,al?\gh pr9ciples ( ,gov]nm5t are g5]al subjects1 x is next to impossible1 9 _m cases1 to sep>ate !m f ! idea ( place & circum/ance1 & ! m s :5 circum/ances are put = argum5ts1 :i* is frequ5tly ! case ) ,mr4 ,burke4 ,9 ! =m] "p ( 8 book1 address+ himself to ! p ( ,france1 he says3 ,no exp]i5ce has taught u 7mean+ ! ,engli%71 t 9 any o!r c\rse or me?od ?an t ( a h]$it>y cr[n1 c our lib]ties be regul>ly p]petuat$ & pres]v$ sacr$ z our h]$it>y "r4 ,i ask ,mr4 ,burke1 :o is to take !m away8 ,m4 de la ,fayette1 9 speak+ to ,france1 says3 ,= a ,nation to be free1 x is suffici5t t %e wills x4 ,b ,mr4 ,burke repres5ts ,engl& z want+ capacity to take c>e ( itself1 & t its lib]ties mu/ be tak5 c>e ( by a ,k+ hold+ x 9 contempt4 ,if ,engl& is sunk to ?is1 x is prep>+ itself to eat /raw1 z 9 ,hanov]1 or 9 ,brunswick4 ,b besides ! folly ( ! decl>ation1 x happ5s t ! facts are all aga9/ ,mr4 ,burke4 ,x 0 by ! gov]nm5t be+ h]$it>y1 t ! lib]ties ( ! p 7 endang]$4 ,*>les ,i4 & ,james ,,ii4 are in/ances ( ?is tru?2 yet nei!r ( !m w5t s f> z to hold ! ,nation 9 contempt4 ,z x is sometimes ( advantage to ! p ( "o c\ntry to he> :at ^? ( o!r c\ntries h to say respect+ x1 x is possible t ! p ( ,france may le>n some?+ f ,mr4 ,burke's book1 & t ! p ( ,engl& may also le>n some?+ f ! answ]s x w occasion4 ,:5 ,nations fall out ab\t fre$om1 a wide field ( debate is op5$4 ,! argum5t comm5ces ) ! rights ( w>1 )\t its evils1 & z k is ! object cont5d$ =1 ! p>ty t su/a9s ! defeat obta9s ! prize4 ,mr4 ,burke talks ab\t :at he calls an h]$it>y cr[n1 z if x 7 "s production ( ,nature2 or z if1 l ,"t1 x _h a p[] to op]ate1 n only indep5d5tly1 b 9 spite ( man2 or z if x 7 a ?+ or a subject univ]sally cons5t$ to4 ,alas6 x has none ( ^? prop]ties1 b is ! rev]se ( !m all4 ,x is a ?+ 9 imag9ation1 ! propriety ( :i* is m ?an d\bt$1 & ! legality ( :i* 9 a few ye>s w be d5i$4 ,b1 to arrange ?is matt] 9 a cle>] view ?an :at g5]al expression c heads "u :i* 7:at is call$7 an h]$it>y cr[n1 or m prop]ly speak+1 an h]$it>y succession to ! ,gov]nm5t ( a ,nation1 c be consid]$2 :i* are3 ,fir/1 ,! "r ( a p>ticul> ,family to e/abli% itself4 ,secondly1 ,! "r ( a ,nation to e/abli% a p>ticul> ,family4 ,) respect to ! fir/ ( ^! heads1 t ( a ,family e/abli%+ itself ) h]$it>y p[]s on its own au?ority1 & indep5d5t ( ! cons5t ( a ,nation1 all m5 w concur 9 call+ x despotism2 & x w\ld be trespass+ on _! und]/&+ to attempt to prove x4 ,b ! second head1 t ( a ,nation e/abli%+ a p>ticul> ,family ) h]$it>y p[]s1 does n pres5t itself z despotism on ! fir/ reflection2 b if m5 w p]mit x a second reflection to take place1 & c>ry t reflection =w>d b "o remove out ( _! own p]sons to t ( _! (fspr+1 !y w !n see t h]$it>y succession becomes 9 its consequ5ces ! same despotism to o!rs1 :i* !y reprobat$ = !mselves4 ,x op]ates to preclude ! cons5t ( ! succe$+ g5]ations2 & ! preclusion ( cons5t is despotism4 ,:5 ! p]son :o at any "t %all be 9 possession ( a ,gov]nm5t1 or ^? :o /& 9 succession to him1 %all say to a ,nation1 ,i hold ?is p[] 9 contempt ( y1 x signifies n on :at au?ority he pret5ds to say x4 ,x is no relief1 b an aggravation to a p]son 9 slav]y1 to reflect t he 0 sold by 8 p>5t2 & z t :i* height5s ! crim9ality ( an act _c be produc$ to prove ! legality ( x1 h]$it>y succession _c be e/abli%$ z a legal ?+4 ,9 ord] to arrive at a m p]fect decision on ?is head1 x w be prop] to consid] ! g5]ation :i* und]takes to e/abli% a ,family ) h]$it>y p[]s1 ap>t & sep>ate f ! g5]ations :i* are to foll[2 & also to consid] ! "* 9 :i* ! fir/ g5]ation acts ) respect to succe$+ g5]ations4 ,! g5]ation :i* fir/ selects a p]son1 & puts him at ! head ( its ,gov]nm5t1 ei!r ) ! title ( ,k+1 or any o!r di/9ction1 acts on its own *oice1 be x wise or fooli%1 z a free ag5t = itself ,! p]son s set up is n h]$it>y1 b select$ & appo9t$2 & ! g5]ation :o sets him up1 does n live "u a h]$it>y gov]nm5t1 b "u a gov]nm5t ( its own *oice & e/abli%m5t4 ,7 ! g5]ation :o sets him up1 & ! p]son s set up1 to live = ev]1 x nev] c\ld become h]$it>y succession2 & ( consequ5ce h]$it>y succession c only foll[ on ! dea? ( ! fir/ p>ties4 ,z1 !re=e1 h]$it>y succession is out ( ! "q ) respect to ! fir/ g5]ation1 we h n[ to consid] ! "* 9 :i* t g5]ation acts ) respect to ! comm5c+ g5]ation1 & to all succe$+ ones4 ,x assumes a "*1 to :i* x has nei!r "r nor title4 ,x *anges itself f a ,legislator to a ,te/ator1 & effects to make its ,w1 :i* is to h op]ation aft] ! demise ( ! mak]s1 to bequea? ! ,gov]nm5t2 & x n only attempts to bequea?1 b to e/abli% on ! succe$+ g5]ation1 a new & diff]5t =m ( ,gov]nm5t "u :i* itself liv$4 ,itself1 z already obs]v$1 liv$ n "u a h]$it>y ,gov]nm5t b "u a ,gov]nm5t ( its own *oice & e/abli%m5t2 & x n[ attempts1 by virtue ( a w & te/am5t 7& :i* x has n au?ority to make71 to take f ! comm5c+ g5]ation1 & all future ones1 ! rights & free ag5cy by :i* itself act$4 ,b1 exclusive ( ! "r :i* any g5]ation has to act collectively z a te/ator1 ! objects to :i* x applies itself 9 ?is case1 are n )9 ! compass ( any law1 or ( any w or te/am5t4 ,! rights ( m5 9 society1 are nei!r devisable or transf]able1 nor annihilable1 b are desc5dable only1 & x is n 9 ! p[] ( any g5]ation to int]cept f9ally1 & cut (f ! desc5t4 ,if ! pres5t g5]ation1 or any o!r1 are dispos$ to be slaves1 x does n less5 ! "r ( ! succe$+ g5]ation to be free4 ,wrongs _c h a legal desc5t4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,burke attempts to ma9ta9 t ! ,engli% nation did at ! ,revolution ( #afhh1 mo/ solemnly r5\nce & abdicate _! rights = !mselves1 & = all _! po/]ity = ev]1 he speaks a language t m]its n reply1 & :i* c only excite contempt = 8 pro/itute pr9ciples1 or pity = 8 ignorance4 ,9 :atev] light h]$it>y succession1 z gr[+ out ( ! w & te/am5t ( "s =m] g5]ation1 pres5ts itself1 x is an absurdity4 ,a _c make a w to take f ,b ! prop]ty ( ,b1 & give x to ,c2 yet ?is is ! mann] 9 :i* 7:at is call$7 h]$it>y succession by law op]ates4 ,a c]ta9 =m] g5]ation made a w1 to take away ! rights ( ! comm5c+ g5]ation1 & all future ones1 & convey ^? rights to a ?ird p]son1 :o aft]w>ds comes =w>d1 & tells !m1 9 ,mr4 ,burke's language1 t !y h no rights1 t _! rights are already bequea!d to him & t he w gov]n 9 contempt ( !m4 ,f su* pr9ciples1 & su* ignorance1 good ,"l deliv] ! _w6 ,b1 aft] all1 :at is ?is metaphor call$ a cr[n1 or r :at is mon>*y8 ,is x a ?+1 or is x a "n1 or is x a fraud8 ,is x a contrivance ( human wisdom1 or ( human craft to obta9 money f a nation "u speci\s pret5ces8 ,is x a ?+ necess>y to a nation8 ,if x is1 9 :at does t necessity consi/1 :at s]vice does x p]=m1 :at is its bus9ess1 & :at are its m]its8 ,does ! virtue consi/ 9 ! metaphor1 or 9 ! man8 ,do? ! goldsmi? t makes ! cr[n1 make ! virtue also8 ,do? x op]ate l ,=tunatus's wi%+-cap1 or ,h>lequ9's wood5 sword8 ,do? x make a man a conjur]8 ,9 f9e1 :at is x8 ,x appe>s to be some?+ go+ mu* out ( fa%ion1 fall+ into ridicule1 & reject$ 9 "s c\ntries1 bo? z unnecess>y & exp5sive4 ,9 ,am]ica x is consid]$ z an absurdity2 & 9 ,france x has s f> decl9$1 t ! goodness ( ! man1 & ! respect = 8 p]sonal "*1 are ! only ?+s t pres]ve ! appe>ance ( its exi/5ce4 ,if gov]nm5t be :at ,mr4 ,burke describes x1 a contrivance ( human wisdom ,i might ask him1 if wisdom 0 at su* a l[ ebb 9 ,engl&1 t x 0 become necess>y to import x f ,holl& & f ,hanov]8 ,b ,i w d ! c\ntry ! ju/ice to say1 t 0 n ! case2 & ev5 if x 0 x mi/ook ! c>go4 ,! wisdom ( e c\ntry1 :5 prop]ly ex]t$1 is suffici5t = all its purposes2 & !re c\ld exi/ no m real occasion 9 ,engl& to h s5t = a ,dut* ,/ad?old]1 or a ,g]man ,elector1 ?an !re 0 9 ,am]ica to h done a simil> ?+4 ,if a c\ntry does n und]/& its own affairs1 h[ is a =eign] to und]/& !m1 :o kn[s nei!r its laws1 its mann]s1 nor its language8 ,if !re exi/$ a man s transc5d5tly wise above all o!rs1 t 8 wisdom 0 necess>y to in/ruct a nation1 "s reason might be (f]$ = mon>*y2 b :5 we ca/ our eyes ab\t a c\ntry1 & obs]ve h[ e "p und]/&s its own affairs2 & :5 we look ar\nd ! _w1 & see t ( all m5 9 x1 ! race ( k+s are ! mo/ insignificant 9 capacity1 our reason _c fail to ask u--,:at are ^? m5 kept =8 ,if !re is any?+ 9 mon>*y :i* we p ( ,am]ica d n und]/&1 ,i wi% ,mr4 ,burke w\ld be s k9d z to in=m u4 ,i see 9 ,am]ica1 a gov]nm5t ext5d+ ov] a c\ntry t5 times z l>ge z ,engl&1 & conduct$ ) regul>ity1 = a =tie? "p ( ! exp5se :i* ,gov]nm5t co/s 9 ,engl&4 ,if ,i ask a man 9 ,am]ica if he wants a ,k+1 he retorts1 & asks me if ,i take him = an idiot8 ,h[ is x t ?is diff]5ce happ5s8 are we m or less wise ?an o!rs8 ,i see 9 ,am]ica ! g5]ality ( p liv+ 9 a /yle ( pl5ty unkn[n 9 mon>*ical c\ntries2 & ,i see t ! pr9ciple ( its gov]nm5t1 :i* is t ( ! equal ,rights ( ,man1 is mak+ a rapid progress 9 ! _w4 ,if mon>*y is a useless ?+1 :y is x kept up any:]e8 & if a necess>y ?+1 h[ c x be disp5s$ )8 ,t civil gov]nm5t is necess>y1 all civiliz$ nations w agree2 b civil gov]nm5t is republican gov]nm5t4 ,all t "p ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,engl& :i* beg9s ) ! (fice ( con/able1 & proce$s ?r\gh ! dep>tm5t ( magi/rate1 qu>t]-sessions1 & g5]al assize1 includ+ trial by jury1 is republican gov]nm5t4 ,no?+ ( mon>*y appe>s 9 any "p ( x1 except 9 ! "n :i* ,william ! ,conqu]or impos$ ^u ! ,engli%1 t ( oblig+ !m to call him ,_! ,sov]eign ,"l ! ,k+4 ,x is easy to conceive t a b& ( int]e/$ m51 su* z ,placem51 ,p5sion]s1 ,lords ( ! b$-*amb]1 ,lords ( ! kit*51 ,lords ( ! necess>y-h\se1 & ! ,"l kn[s :at besides1 c f9d z _m reasons = mon>*y z _! sal>ies1 paid at ! exp5se ( ! c\ntry1 am\nt to2 b if ,i ask ! f>m]1 ! manufactur]1 ! m]*ant1 ! tradesman1 & d[n ?r\gh all ! occupations ( life to ! common lab\r]1 :at s]vice mon>*y is to him8 he c give me no answ]4 ,if ,i ask him :at mon>*y is1 he believes x is some?+ l a s9ecure4 ,not)/&+ ! taxes ( ,engl& am\nt to almo/ sev5te5 millions a ye>1 said to be = ! exp5ses ( ,gov]nm5t1 x is /ill evid5t t ! s5se ( ! ,nation is left to gov]n itself1 & does gov]n itself1 by magi/rates & juries1 almo/ at its own *>ge1 on republican pr9ciples1 exclusive ( ! exp5se ( taxes4 ,! sal>ies ( ! judges are almo/ ! only *>ge t is paid out ( ! rev5ue4 ,consid]+ t all ! int]nal gov]nm5t is execut$ by ! p1 ! taxes ( ,engl& ought to be ! lighte/ ( any nation 9 ,europe2 in/ead ( :i*1 !y are ! contr>y4 ,z ?is _c be acc\nt$ = on ! score ( civil gov]nm5t1 ! subject necess>ily ext5ds itself to ! mon>*ical "p4 ,:5 ! p ( ,engl& s5t = ,george ! ,fir/ 7& x w\ld puzzle a wis] man ?an ,mr4 ,burke to discov] = :at he c\ld be want$1 or :at s]vice he c\ld r5d]71 !y ought at lea/ to h condition$ = ! ab&onm5t ( ,hanov]4 ,besides ! endless ,g]man intrigues t mu/ foll[ f a ,g]man ,elector be+ ,k+ ( ,engl&1 !re is a natural impossibility ( unit+ 9 ! same p]son ! pr9ciples ( ,fre$om & ! pr9ciples ( ,despotism1 or z x is usually call$ 9 ,engl& ,arbitr>y ,p[]4 ,a ,g]man ,elector is 9 8 electorate a despot2 h[ !n c\ld x be expect$ t he %\ld be atta*$ to pr9ciples ( lib]ty 9 "o c\ntry1 :ile 8 int]e/ 9 ano!r 0 to be support$ by despotism8 ,! union _c exi/2 & x might easily h be5 =ese5 t ,g]man ,electors w\ld make ,g]man ,k+s1 or 9 ,mr4 ,burke's words1 w\ld assume gov]nm5t ) contempt4 ,! ,engli% h be5 9 ! habit ( consid]+ a ,k+ ( ,engl& only 9 ! "* 9 :i* he appe>s to !m2 :]eas ! same p]son1 :ile ! connection la/s1 has a home-seat 9 ano!r c\ntry1 ! int]e/ ( :i* is diff]5t to _! own1 & ! pr9ciples ( ! gov]nm5ts 9 opposition to ea* o!r4 ,to su* a p]son ,engl& w appe> z a t[n-resid5ce1 & ! ,electorate z ! e/ate4 ,! ,engli% may wi%1 z ,i believe !y d1 success to ! pr9ciples ( lib]ty 9 ,france1 or 9 ,g]many2 b a ,g]man ,elector trembles = ! fate ( despotism 9 8 electorate2 & ! ,du*y ( ,meckl5burgh1 :]e ! pres5t ,que5's family gov]ns1 is "u ! same wret*$ /ate ( arbitr>y p[]1 & ! p 9 slavi% vassalage4 ,!re nev] 0 a "t :5 x became ! ,engli% to wat* cont95tal intrigues m circumspectly ?an at ! pres5t mom5t1 & to di/+ui% ! politics ( ! ,electorate f ! politics ( ! ,nation4 ,! ,revolution ( ,france has entirely *ang$ ! gr\nd ) respect to ,engl& & ,france1 z nations2 b ! ,g]man despots1 ) ,prussia at _! head1 are comb9+ aga9/ lib]ty2 & ! fondness ( ,mr4 ,pitt = (fice1 & ! int]e/ :i* all 8 family connections h obta9$1 d n give suffici5t security aga9/ ?is intrigue4 ,z ev]y?+ :i* passes 9 ! _w becomes matt] = hi/ory1 ,i w n[ quit ?is subject1 & take a concise review ( ! /ate ( p>ties & politics 9 ,engl&1 z ,mr4 ,burke has done 9 ,france4 ,:e!r ! pres5t reign comm5c$ ) contempt1 ,i leave to ,mr4 ,burke3 c]ta91 h[ev]1 x is1 t x _h /rongly t appe>ance4 ,! animosity ( ! ,engli% nation1 x is v well rememb]$1 ran high2 &1 _h ! true pr9ciples ( ,lib]ty be5 z well und]/ood !n z !y n[ promise to be1 x is probable ! ,nation w\ld n h pati5tly submitt$ to s mu*4 ,george ! ,fir/ & ,second 7 s5sible ( a rival 9 ! rema9s ( ! ,/u>ts2 & z !y c\ld n b consid] !mselves z /&+ on _! good behavi\r1 !y _h prud5ce to keep _! ,g]man pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t to !mselves2 b z ! ,/u>t family wore away1 ! prud5ce became less necess>y4 ,! conte/ betwe5 rights1 & :at 7 call$ pr]ogatives1 cont9u$ to heat ! nation till "s "t aft] ! conclusion ( ! ,am]ican ,w>1 :5 all at once x fell a calm--,execration ex*ang$ itself = applause1 & ,c\rt popul>ity sprung up l a mu%room 9 a night4 ,to acc\nt = ?is sudd5 transition1 x is prop] to obs]ve t !re are two di/9ct species ( popul>ity2 ! "o excit$ by m]it1 & ! o!r by res5tm5t4 ,z ! ,nation _h =m$ itself into two p>ties1 & ea* 0 extoll+ ! m]its ( its p>liam5t>y *ampions = & aga9/ pr]ogative1 no?+ c\ld op]ate to give a m g5]al %ock ?an an imm$iate coalition ( ! *ampions !mselves4 ,! p>tisans ( ea* be+ ?us sudd5ly left 9 ! lur*1 & mutually heat$ ) disgu/ at ! measure1 felt no o!r relief ?an unit+ 9 a common execration aga9/ bo?4 ,a high] /imulus or res5tm5t be+ ?us excit$ ?an :at ! conte/ on pr]ogatives occasion$1 ! nation quitt$ all =m] objects ( rights & wrongs1 & s\ght only t ( gratification4 ,! indignation at ! ,coalition s effectually sup]s$$ ! indignation aga9/ ! ,c\rt z to ext+ui% x2 & )\t any *ange ( pr9ciples on ! "p ( ! ,c\rt1 ! same p :o _h reprobat$ its despotism unit$ ) x to rev5ge !mselves on ! ,coalition ,p>liam5t4 ,! case 0 n1 :i* !y lik$ be/1 b :i* !y hat$ mo/2 & ! lea/ hat$ pass$ = love4 ,! dissolution ( ! ,coalition ,p>liam5t1 z x af=d$ ! means ( gratify+ ! res5tm5t ( ! ,nation1 c\ld n fail to be popul>2 & f h5ce arose ! popul>ity ( ! ,c\rt4 ,transitions ( ?is k9d exhibit a ,nation "u ! gov]nm5t ( temp]1 in/ead ( a fix$ & /eady pr9ciple2 & hav+ once committ$ itself1 h[ev] ra%ly1 x feels itself urg$ along to ju/ify by cont9uance its fir/ proce$+4 ,measures :i* at o!r times x w\ld c5sure x n[ approves1 & acts p]suasion ^u itself to suffocate its judgm5t4 ,on ! return ( a new ,p>liam5t1 ! new ,m9i/]1 ,mr4 ,pitt1 f\nd himself 9 a secure majority2 & ! ,nation gave him cr$it1 n out ( reg>d to himself1 b because x _h resolv$ to d x out ( res5tm5t to ano!r4 ,he introduc$ himself to public notice by a propos$ ,re=m ( ,p>liam5t1 :i* 9 its op]ation w\ld h am\nt$ to a public ju/ification ( corruption4 ,! ,nation 0 to be at ! exp5se ( buy+ up ! rott5 bor\ghs1 :]eas x ought to puni% ! p]sons :o deal 9 ! traffic4 ,pass+ ov] ! two bubbles ( ! ,dut* bus9ess & ! million a-ye> to s9k ! national debt1 ! matt] :i* mo/ pres5ts itself1 is ! affair ( ! ,reg5cy4 ,nev]1 9 ! c\rse ( my obs]vation1 0 delusion m successfully act$1 nor a nation m completely deceiv$4 ,b1 to make ?is appe>1 x w be necess>y to g ov] ! circum/ances4 ,mr4 ,fox _h /at$ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 t ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 z heir 9 succession1 _h a "r 9 himself to assume ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,?is 0 oppos$ by ,mr4 ,pitt2 &1 s f> z ! opposition 0 conf9$ to ! doctr9e1 x 0 j4 ,b ! pr9ciples :i* ,mr4 ,pitt ma9ta9$ on ! contr>y side 7 z bad1 or worse 9 _! ext5t1 ?an ^? ( ,mr4 ,fox2 because !y w5t to e/abli% an ari/ocracy ov] ! nation1 & ov] ! small repres5tation x has 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,:e!r ! ,engli% =m ( ,gov]nm5t be good or bad1 is n 9 ?is case ! "q2 b1 tak+ x z x /&s1 )\t reg>d to its m]its or dem]its1 ,mr4 ,pitt 0 f>!r f ! po9t ?an ,mr4 ,fox4 ,x is suppos$ to consi/ ( ?ree p>ts3--:ile !re=e ! ,nation is dispos$ to cont9ue ?is =m1 ! p>ts h a national /&+1 indep5d5t ( ea* o!r1 & are n ! creatures ( ea* o!r4 ,_h ,mr4 ,fox pass$ ?r\gh ,p>liam5t1 & said t ! p]son allud$ to claim$ on ! gr\nd ( ! ,nation1 ,mr4 ,pitt mu/ !n h cont5d$ :at he call$ ! "r ( ! ,p>liam5t aga9/ ! "r ( ! ,nation4 ,by ! appe>ance :i* ! conte/ made1 ,mr4 ,fox took ! h]$it>y gr\nd1 & ,mr4 ,pitt ! ,p>liam5t>y gr\nd2 b ! fact is1 !y bo? took h]$it>y gr\nd1 & ,mr4 ,pitt took ! wor/ ( ! two4 ,:at is call$ ! ,p>liam5t is made up ( two ,h\ses1 "o ( :i* is m h]$it>y1 & m beyond ! control ( ! ,nation ?an :at ! ,cr[n 7z x is call$7 is suppos$ to be4 ,x is an h]$it>y ari/ocracy1 assum+ & ass]t+ indefeasible1 irrevocable rights & au?ority1 :olly indep5d5t ( ! ,nation4 ,:]e1 !n1 0 ! m]it$ popul>ity ( exalt+ ?is h]$it>y p[] ov] ano!r h]$it>y p[] less indep5d5t ( ! ,nation ?an :at itself assum$ to be1 & ( absorb+ ! rights ( ! ,nation into a ,h\se ov] :i* x has nei!r election nor control8 ,! g5]al impulse ( ! ,nation 0 "r2 b x act$ )\t reflection4 ,x approv$ ! opposition made to ! "r set up by ,mr4 ,fox1 )\t p]ceiv+ t ,mr4 ,pitt 0 support+ ano!r indefeasible "r m remote f ! ,nation1 9 opposition to x4 ,) respect to ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 x is elect$ b by a small "p ( ! ,nation2 b 7 ! election z univ]sal z taxation1 :i* x ought to be1 x w\ld /ill be only ! organ ( ! ,nation1 & _c possess inh]5t rights4--,:5 ! ,national ,assembly ( ,france resolves a matt]1 ! resolve is made 9 "r ( ! ,nation2 b ,mr4 ,pitt1 on all national que/ions1 s f> z !y ref] to ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 absorbs ! rights ( ! ,nation into ! organ1 & makes ! organ into a ,nation1 & ! ,nation itself into a cyph]4 ,9 a few words1 ! "q on ! ,reg5cy 0 a "q ( a million a-ye>1 :i* is appropriat$ to ! executive dep>tm5t3 & ,mr4 ,pitt c\ld n possess himself ( any managem5t ( ?is sum1 )\t sett+ up ! supremacy ( ,p>liam5t2 & :5 ?is 0 accompli%$1 x 0 indiff]5t :o %\ld be ,reg5t1 z he mu/ be ,reg5t at 8 own co/4 ,among ! curiosities :i* ?is cont5ti\s debate af=d$1 0 t ( mak+ ! ,great ,seal into a ,k+1 ! affix+ ( :i* to an act 0 to be royal au?ority4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,royal ,au?ority is a ,great ,seal1 x consequ5tly is 9 itself no?+2 & a good ,con/itution w\ld be ( inf9itely m value to ! ,nation ?an :at ! ?ree ,nom9al ,p[]s1 z !y n[ /&1 are wor?4 ,! cont9ual use ( ! ^w ,con/itution 9 ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t %[s !re is none2 & t ! :ole is m]ely a =m ( gov]nm5t )\t a ,con/itution1 & con/itut+ itself ) :at p[]s x pleases4 ,if !re 7 a ,con/itution1 x c]ta9ly c\ld be ref]r$ to2 & ! debate on any con/itutional po9t w\ld t]m9ate by produc+ ! ,con/itution4 ,"o memb] says ?is is ,con/itution1 & ano!r says t is ,con/itution--,to-day x is "o ?+2 & to-morr[ some?+ else--:ile ! ma9ta9+ ( ! debate proves !re is none4 ,con/itution is n[ ! cant ^w ( ,p>liam5t1 tun+ itself to ! e> ( ! ,nation4 ,=m]ly x 0 ! univ]sal supremacy ( ,p>liam5t--! omnipot5ce ( ,p>liam5t3 ,b s9ce ! progress ( ,lib]ty 9 ,france1 ^? phrases h a despotic h>%ness 9 _! note2 & ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t h cat*$ ! fa%ion f ! ,national ,assembly1 b )\t ! sub/ance1 ( speak+ ( ,con/itution4 ,z ! pres5t g5]ation ( ! p 9 ,engl& did n make ! ,gov]nm5t1 !y are n acc\ntable = any ( its defects2 b1 t soon] or lat]1 x mu/ come into _! h&s to und]go a con/itutional re=mation1 is z c]ta9 z t ! same ?+ has happ5$ 9 ,france4 ,if ,france1 ) a rev5ue ( ne>ly tw5ty-f\r millions /]l+1 ) an ext5t ( ri* & f]tile c\ntry above f\r times l>g] ?an ,engl&1 ) a population ( tw5ty-f\r millions ( inhabitants to support taxation1 ) upw>ds ( n9ety millions /]l+ ( gold & silv] circulat+ 9 ! nation1 & ) a debt less ?an ! pres5t debt ( ,engl&--/ill f\nd x necess>y1 f :atev] cause1 to come to a settlem5t ( its affairs1 x solves ! problem ( fund+ = bo? c\ntries4 ,x is out ( ! "q to say h[ long :at is call$ ! ,engli% con/itution has la/$1 & to argue f !nce h[ long x is to la/2 ! "q is1 h[ long c ! fund+ sy/em la/8 ,x is a ?+ b ( mod]n inv5tion1 & has n yet cont9u$ beyond ! life ( a man2 yet 9 t %ort space x has s f> accumulat$1 t1 toge!r ) ! curr5t exp5ses1 x requires an am\nt ( taxes at lea/ equal to ! :ole l&$ r5tal ( ! nation 9 acres to defray ! annual exp5diture4 ,t a gov]nm5t c\ld n h always gone on by ! same sy/em :i* has be5 foll[$ = ! la/ sev5ty ye>s1 mu/ be evid5t to e man2 & = ! same reason x _c always g on4 ,! fund+ sy/em is n money2 nei!r is x1 prop]ly speak+1 cr$it4 ,x1 9 effect1 creates ^u pap] ! sum :i* x appe>s to borr[1 & lays on a tax to keep ! imag9>y capital alive by ! paym5t ( int]e/ & s5ds ! annuity to m>ket1 to be sold = pap] already 9 circulation4 ,if any cr$it is giv51 x is to ! disposition ( ! p to pay ! tax1 & n to ! gov]nm5t1 :i* lays x on4 ,:5 ?is disposition expires1 :at is suppos$ to be ! cr$it ( ,gov]nm5t expires ) x4 ,! in/ance ( ,france "u ! =m] ,gov]nm5t %[s t x is impossible to compel ! paym5t ( taxes by =ce1 :5 a :ole nation is det]m9$ to take its /& ^u t gr\nd4 ,mr4 ,burke1 9 8 review ( ! f9ances ( ,france1 /ates ! quantity ( gold & silv] 9 ,france1 at ab\t eighty-eight millions /]l+4 ,9 do+ ?is1 he has1 ,i presume1 divid$ by ! diff]5ce ( ex*ange1 in/ead ( ! /&>d ( tw5ty-f\r livres to a p\nd /]l+2 = ,m4 ,neck>'s /atem5t1 f :i* ,mr4 ,burke's is tak51 is two ?\s& two hundr$ millions ( livres1 :i* is upw>ds ( n9ety-"o millions & a half /]l+4 ,m4 ,neck> 9 ,france1 & ,mr4 ,george ,*alm]s at ! ,(fice ( ,trade & ,plantation 9 ,engl&1 ( :i* ,"l ,hawkesbury is presid5t1 publi%$ ne>ly ab\t ! same "t 7#aghf7 an acc\nt ( ! quantity ( money 9 ea* nation1 f ! returns ( ! ,m9t ( ea* nation4 ,mr4 ,*alm]s1 f ! returns ( ! ,engli% ,m9t at ! ,t[] ( ,london1 /ates ! quantity ( money 9 ,engl&1 includ+ ,scotl& & ,irel&1 to be tw5ty millions /]l+499#ab ,m4 ,neck>99#ac says t ! am\nt ( money 9 ,france1 reco9$ f ! old co9 :i* 0 call$ 91 0 two ?\s& five hundr$ millions ( livres 7upw>ds ( "o hundr$ & f\r millions /]l+72 &1 aft] d$uct+ = wa/e1 & :at may be 9 ! ,we/ ,indies & o!r possible circum/ances1 /ates ! circulation quantity at home to be n9ety-"o millions & a half /]l+2 b1 tak+ x z ,mr4 ,burke has put x1 x is sixty-eight millions m ?an ! national quantity 9 ,engl&4 ,t ! quantity ( money 9 ,france _c be "u ?is sum1 may at once be se5 f ! /ate ( ! ,fr5* ,rev5ue1 )\t ref]r+ to ! records ( ! ,fr5* ,m9t = pro(s4 ,! rev5ue ( ,france1 prior to ! ,revolution1 0 ne>ly tw5ty-f\r millions /]l+2 & z pap] _h !n no exi/5ce 9 ,france ! :ole rev5ue 0 collect$ ^u gold & silv]2 & x w\ld h be5 impossible to h collect$ su* a quantity ( rev5ue ^u a less national quantity ?an ,m4 ,neck> has /at$4 ,be=e ! e/abli%m5t ( pap] 9 ,engl&1 ! rev5ue 0 ab\t a f\r? "p ( ! national am\nt ( gold & silv]1 z may be kn[n by ref]r+ to ! rev5ue prior to ,k+ ,william1 & ! quantity ( money /at$ to be 9 ! nation at t "t1 :i* 0 ne>ly z mu* z x is n[4 ,x c be ( no real s]vice to a nation1 to impose ^u itself1 or to p]mit itself to be impos$ ^u2 b ! prejudices ( "s1 & ! imposition ( o!rs1 h always repres5t$ ,france z a nation possess+ b little money--:]eas ! quantity is n only m ?an f\r times :at ! quantity is 9 ,engl&1 b is consid]ably great] on a proportion ( numb]s4 ,to acc\nt = ?is defici5cy on ! "p ( ,engl&1 "s ref]5ce %\ld be _h to ! ,engli% sy/em ( fund+4 ,x op]ates to multiply pap]1 & to sub/itute x 9 ! room ( money1 9 v>i\s %apes2 & ! m pap] is multipli$1 ! m opportunities are (f]$ to export ! specie2 & x admits ( a possibility 7by ext5d+ x to small notes7 ( increas+ pap] till !re is no money left4 ,i "k ?is is n a pleasant subject to ,engli% read]s2 b ! matt]s ,i am go+ to m5tion1 are s important 9 !mselves1 z to require ! att5tion ( m5 int]e/$ 9 money transactions ( a public nature4 ,!re is a circum/ance /at$ by ,m4 ,neck>1 9 8 treatise on ! adm9i/ration ( ! f9ances1 :i* has nev] be5 att5d$ to 9 ,engl&1 b :i* =ms ! only basis :]eon to e/imate ! quantity ( money 7gold & silv]7 :i* ought to be 9 e nation 9 ,europe1 to pres]ve a relative proportion ) o!r nations4 ,lisbon & ,cadiz are ! two ports into :i* 7money7 gold & silv] f ,s\? ,am]ica are import$1 & :i* aft]w>ds divide & spread !mselves ov] ,europe by means ( comm]ce1 & increase ! quantity ( money 9 all p>ts ( ,europe4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! am\nt ( ! annual importation into ,europe c be kn[n1 & ! relative proportion ( ! =eign comm]ce ( ! sev]al nations by :i* x c be di/ribut$ c be asc]ta9$1 !y give a rule suffici5tly true1 to asc]ta9 ! quantity ( money :i* ought to be f\nd 9 any nation1 at any giv5 "t4 ,m4 ,neck> %[s f ! regi/]s ( ,lisbon & ,cadiz1 t ! importation ( gold & silv] into ,europe1 is five millions /]l+ annually4 ,he has n tak5 x on a s+le ye>1 b on an av]age ( fifte5 succe$+ ye>s1 f #agfc to #aggg1 bo? inclusive2 9 :i* "t1 ! am\nt 0 "o ?\s& eight hundr$ million livres1 :i* is sev5ty-five millions /]l+499#ad ,f ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,hanov] succession 9 #agad to ! "t ,mr4 ,*alm]s publi%$1 is sev5ty-two ye>s2 & ! quantity import$ into ,europe1 9 t "t1 w\ld be ?ree hundr$ & sixty millions /]l+4 ,if ! =eign comm]ce ( ,great ,brita9 be /at$ at a six? "p ( :at ! :ole =eign comm]ce ( ,europe am\nts to 7:i* is probably an inf]ior e/imation to :at ! g5tlem5 at ! ,ex*ange w\ld all[7 ! proportion :i* ,brita9 %\ld draw by comm]ce ( ?is sum1 to keep h]self on a proportion ) ! re/ ( ,europe1 w\ld be also a six? "p :i* is sixty millions /]l+2 & if ! same all[ance = wa/e & accid5t be made = ,engl& :i* ,m4 ,neck> makes = ,france1 ! quantity rema9+ aft] ^! d$uctions w\ld be fifty-two millions2 & ?is sum ought to h be5 9 ! nation 7at ! "t ,mr4 ,*alm]s publi%$71 9 addition to ! sum :i* 0 9 ! nation at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,hanov] succession1 & to h made 9 ! :ole at lea/ sixty-six millions /]l+2 in/ead ( :i* !re 7 b tw5ty millions1 :i* is =ty-six millions bel[ its proportionate quantity4 ,z ! quantity ( gold & silv] import$ into ,lisbon & ,cadiz is m exactly asc]ta9$ ?an t ( any commodity import$ into ,engl&1 & z ! quantity ( money co9$ at ! ,t[] ( ,london is /ill m positively kn[n1 ! lead+ facts d n admit ( controv]sy4 ,ei!r1 !re=e1 ! comm]ce ( ,engl& is unproductive ( pr(it1 or ! gold & silv] :i* x br+s 9 leak cont9ually away by unse5 means at ! av]age rate ( ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( a million a ye>1 :i*1 9 ! c\rse ( sev5ty-two ye>s1 acc\nts = ! defici5cy2 & its abs5ce is suppli$ by pap]499#ae ,! ,revolution ( ,france is att5d$ ) _m novel circum/ances1 n only 9 ! political sph]e1 b 9 ! circle ( money transactions4 ,among o!rs1 x %[s t a gov]nm5t may be 9 a /ate ( insolv5cy & a nation ri*4 ,s f> z ! fact is conf9$ to ! late ,gov]nm5t ( ,france1 x 0 insolv5t2 because ! nation w\ld no long] support its extravagance1 & !re=e x c\ld no long] support itself--b ) respect to ! nation all ! means exi/$4 ,a gov]nm5t may be said to be insolv5t e "t x applies to ! nation to dis*>ge its arre>s4 ,! insolv5cy ( ! late ,gov]nm5t ( ,france & ! pres5t ( ,engl& diff]$ 9 no o!r respect ?an z ! dispositions ( ! p diff]4 ,! p ( ,france refus$ _! aid to ! old ,gov]nm5t2 & ! p ( ,engl& submit to taxation )\t inquiry4 ,:at is call$ ! ,cr[n 9 ,engl& has be5 insolv5t sev]al times2 ! la/ ( :i*1 publicly kn[n1 0 9 ,may1 #aggg1 :5 x appli$ to ! nation to dis*>ge upw>ds ( ,l#fjj1jjj private debts1 :i* o!rwise x c\ld n pay4 ,x 0 ! error ( ,mr4 ,pitt1 ,mr4 ,burke1 & all ^? :o 7 unacqua9t$ ) ! affairs ( ,france to conf\nd ! ,fr5* nation ) ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,fr5* nation1 9 effect1 endeav\r$ to r5d] ! late ,gov]nm5t insolv5t = ! purpose ( tak+ gov]nm5t into its own h&s3 & x res]v$ its means = ! support ( ! new ,gov]nm5t4 ,9 a c\ntry ( su* va/ ext5t & population z ,france ! natural means _c be want+1 & ! political means appe> ! in/ant ! nation is dispos$ to p]mit !m4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,burke1 9 a spee* la/ w9t] 9 ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t1 ca/ 8 eyes ov] ! map ( ,europe1 & saw a *asm t once 0 ,france1 he talk$ l a dream] ( dreams4 ,! same natural ,france exi/$ z be=e1 & all ! natural means exi/$ ) x4 ,! only *asm 0 t ! ext9ction ( despotism _h left1 & :i* 0 to be fill$ up ) ! ,con/itution m =midable 9 res\rces ?an ! p[] :i* _h expir$4 ,al?\gh ! ,fr5* ,nation r5d]$ ! late ,gov]nm5t insolv5t1 x did n p]mit ! insolv5cy to act t[>ds ! cr$itors2 & ! cr$itors1 consid]+ ! ,nation z ! real pay-ma/]1 & ! ,gov]nm5t only z ! ag5t1 re/$ !mselves on ! nation1 9 pref]5ce to ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,?is appe>s greatly to di/urb ,mr4 ,burke1 z ! prec$5t is fatal to ! policy by :i* gov]nm5ts h suppos$ !mselves secure4 ,!y h contract$ debts1 ) a view ( atta*+ :at is call$ ! moni$ int]e/ ( a ,nation to _! support2 b ! example 9 ,france %[s t ! p]man5t security ( ! cr$itor is 9 ! ,nation1 & n 9 ! ,gov]nm5t2 & t 9 all possible revolutions t may happ5 9 ,gov]nm5ts1 ! means are always ) ! ,nation1 & ! ,nation always 9 exi/5ce4 ,mr4 ,burke argues t ! cr$itors ought to h abid$ ! fate ( ! ,gov]nm5t :i* !y tru/$2 b ! ,national ,assembly consid]$ !m z ! cr$itors ( ! ,nation1 & n ( ! ,gov]nm5t--( ! ma/]1 & n ( ! /ew>d4 ,not)/&+ ! late gov]nm5t c\ld n dis*>ge ! curr5t exp5ses1 ! pres5t gov]nm5t has paid (f a great "p ( ! capital4 ,?is has be5 accompli%$ by two means2 ! "o by less5+ ! exp5ses ( gov]nm5t1 & ! o!r by ! sale ( ! mona/ic & ecclesia/ical l&$ e/ates4 ,! devotees & p5it5t debau*ees1 extortion]s & mis]s ( =m] days1 to ensure !mselves a bett] _w ?an t !y 7 ab\t to leave1 _h bequea!d imm5se prop]ty 9 tru/ to ! prie/hood = pi\s uses2 & ! prie/hood kept x = !mselves4 ,! ,national ,assembly has ord]$ x to be sold = ! good ( ! :ole nation1 & ! prie/hood to be dec5tly provid$ =4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! revolution1 ! annual int]e/ ( ! debt ( ,france w be r$uc$ at lea/ six millions /]l+1 by pay+ (f upw>ds ( "o hundr$ millions ( ! capital2 :i*1 ) less5+ ! =m] exp5ses ( gov]nm5t at lea/ ?ree millions1 w place ,france 9 a situation wor?y ! imitation ( ,europe4 ,^u a :ole review ( ! subject1 h[ va/ is ! contra/6 ,:ile ,mr4 ,burke has be5 talk+ ( a g5]al bankruptcy 9 ,france1 ! ,national ,assembly has be5 pay+ (f ! capital ( its debt2 & :ile taxes h increas$ ne> a million a ye> 9 ,engl&1 !y h l[]$ sev]al millions a ye> 9 ,france4 ,n a ^w has ei!r ,mr4 ,burke or ,mr4 ,pitt said ab\t ! ,fr5* affairs1 or ! /ate ( ! ,fr5* f9ances1 9 ! pres5t ,session ( ,p>liam5t4 ,! subject beg9s to be too well und]/ood1 & imposition s]ves no long]4 ,!re is a g5]al enigma runn+ ?r\gh ! :ole ( ,mr4 ,burke's book4 ,he writes 9 a rage aga9/ ! ,national ,assembly2 b :at is he enrag$ ab\t8 ,if 8 ass]tions 7 z true z !y are gr\ndless1 & t ,france by h] ,revolution1 _h annihilat$ h] p[]1 & become :at he calls a *asm1 x might excite ! grief ( a ,fr5*man 7consid]+ himself z a national man71 & provoke 8 rage aga9/ ! ,national ,assembly2 b :y %\ld x excite ! rage ( ,mr4 ,burke8 ,alas6 x is n ! nation ( ,france t ,mr4 ,burke means1 b ! ,c\rt2 & e ,c\rt 9 ,europe1 dread+ ! same fate1 is 9 m\rn+4 ,he writes nei!r 9 ! "* ( a ,fr5*man nor an ,engli%man1 b 9 ! fawn+ "* ( t creature kn[n 9 all c\ntries1 & a fri5d to none--a c\rti]4 ,:e!r x be ! ,c\rt ( ,v]sailles1 or ! ,c\rt ( ,/4 ,james1 or ,c>lton-,h\se1 or ! ,c\rt 9 expectation1 signifies n2 = ! cat]pill> pr9ciple ( all ,c\rts & ,c\rti]s are alike4 ,!y =m a common policy ?r\gh\t ,europe1 deta*$ & sep>ate f ! int]e/ ( ,nations3 & :ile !y appe> to qu>rel1 !y agree to plund]4 ,no?+ c be m t]rible to a ,c\rt or ,c\rti] ?an ! ,revolution ( ,france4 ,t :i* is a bless+ to ,nations is bitt]ness to !m3 & z _! exi/5ce dep5ds on ! duplicity ( a c\ntry1 !y tremble at ! approa* ( pr9ciples1 & dread ! prec$5t t ?reat5s _! ov]?r[4 ,,conclusion ,reason & ,ignorance1 ! opposites ( ea* o!r1 influ5ce ! great bulk ( mank9d4 ,if ei!r ( ^! c be r5d]$ suffici5tly ext5sive 9 a c\ntry1 ! ma*9]y ( ,gov]nm5t goes easily on4 ,reason obeys itself2 & ,ignorance submits to :atev] is dictat$ to x4 ,! two modes ( ! ,gov]nm5t :i* prevail 9 ! _w1 are3 ,fir/1 ,gov]nm5t by election & repres5tation4 ,secondly1 ,gov]nm5t by h]$it>y succession4 ,! =m] is g5]ally kn[n by ! "n ( republic2 ! latt] by t ( mon>*y & ari/ocracy4 ,^? two di/9ct & opposite =ms erect !mselves on ! two di/9ct & opposite bases ( ,reason & ,ignorance4--,z ! ex]cise ( ,gov]nm5t requires tal5ts & abilities1 & z tal5ts & abilities _c h h]$it>y desc5t1 x is evid5t t h]$it>y succession requires a belief f man to :i* 8 reason _c subscribe1 & :i* c only be e/abli%$ ^u 8 ignorance2 & ! m ignorant any c\ntry is1 ! bett] x is fitt$ = ?is species ( ,gov]nm5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,gov]nm5t1 9 a well-con/itut$ republic1 requires no belief f man beyond :at 8 reason c give4 ,he sees ! rationale ( ! :ole sy/em1 its orig9 & its op]ation2 & z x is be/ support$ :5 be/ und]/ood1 ! human faculties act ) boldness1 & acquire1 "u ?is =m ( gov]nm5t1 a gigantic manl9ess4 ,z1 !re=e1 ea* ( ^? =ms acts on a diff]5t base1 ! "o mov+ freely by ! aid ( reason1 ! o!r by ignorance2 we h next to consid]1 :at x is t gives motion to t species ( ,gov]nm5t :i* is call$ mix$ ,gov]nm5t1 or1 z x is sometimes ludicr\sly /yl$1 a ,gov]nm5t ( ?is1 t & t' o!r4 ,! mov+ p[] 9 ?is species ( ,gov]nm5t is1 ( necessity1 ,corruption4 ,h[ev] imp]fect election & repres5tation may be 9 mix$ ,gov]nm5ts1 !y /ill give ex]cise to a great] portion ( reason ?an is conv5i5t to ! h]$it>y ,"p2 & !re=e x becomes necess>y to buy ! reason up4 ,a mix$ ,gov]nm5t is an imp]fect ev]y?+1 cem5t+ & sold]+ ! discordant p>ts toge!r by corruption1 to act z a :ole4 ,mr4 ,burke appe>s highly disgu/$ t ,france1 s9ce %e _h resolv$ on a revolution1 did n adopt :at he calls ,a ,briti% ,con/itution2 & ! regretful mann] 9 :i* he expresses himself on ?is occasion implies a suspicion t ! ,briti% ,con/itution ne$$ some?+ to keep its defects 9 c\nt5ance4 ,9 mix$ ,gov]nm5ts !re is no responsibility3 ! p>ts cov] ea* o!r till responsibility is lo/2 & ! corruption :i* moves ! ma*9e1 contrives at ! same "t its own escape4 ,:5 x is laid d[n z a maxim1 t a ,k+ c d no wrong1 x places him 9 a /ate ( simil> security ) t ( idiots & p]sons insane1 & responsibility is out ( ! "q ) respect to himself4 ,x !n desc5ds ^u ! ,m9i/]1 :o %elt]s himself "u a majority 9 ,p>liam5t1 :i*1 by places1 p5sions1 & corruption1 he c always comm&2 & t majority ju/ifies itself by ! same au?ority ) :i* x protects ! ,m9i/]4 ,9 ?is rotatory motion1 responsibility is ?r[n (f f ! p>ts1 & f ! :ole4 ,:5 !re is a ,"p 9 a ,gov]nm5t :i* c d no wrong1 x implies t x does no?+2 & is only ! ma*9e ( ano!r p[]1 by ^: advice & direction x acts4 ,:at is suppos$ to be ! ,k+ 9 ! mix$ ,gov]nm5ts1 is ! ,cab9et2 & z ! ,cab9et is always a "p ( ! ,p>liam5t1 & ! memb]s ju/ify+ 9 "o "* :at !y advise & act 9 ano!r1 a mix$ ,gov]nm5t becomes a cont9ual enigma2 entail+ ^u a c\ntry by ! quantity ( corruption necess>y to sold] ! p>ts1 ! exp5se ( support+ all ! =ms ( gov]nm5t at once1 & f9ally resolv+ itself into a ,gov]nm5t by ,committee2 9 :i* ! advis]s1 ! actors1 ! approv]s1 ! ju/ifi]s1 ! p]sons responsible1 & ! p]sons n responsible1 are ! same p]sons4 ,by ?is pantomimical contrivance1 & *ange ( sc5e & "*1 ! p>ts help ea* o!r out 9 matt]s :i* nei!r ( !m s+ly w\ld assume to act4 ,:5 money is to be obta9$1 ! mass ( v>iety app>5tly dissolves1 & a pr(usion ( p>liam5t>y praises passes betwe5 ! p>ts4 ,ea* admires ) a/oni%m5t1 ! wisdom1 ! lib]ality1 ! dis9t]e/$ness ( ! o!r3 & all ( !m brea! a pity+ sigh at ! bur!ns ( ! ,nation4 ,b 9 a well-con/itut$ republic1 no?+ ( ?is sold]+1 prais+1 & pity+1 c take place2 ! repres5tation be+ equal ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 & complete 9 itself1 h[ev] x may be arrang$ into legislative & executive1 !y h all "o & ! same natural s\rce4 ,! p>ts are n =eign]s to ea* o!r1 l democracy1 ari/ocracy1 & mon>*y4 ,z !re are no discordant di/9ctions1 !re is no?+ to corrupt by compromise1 nor conf\nd by contrivance4 ,public measures appeal ( !mselves to ! und]/&+ ( ! ,nation1 &1 re/+ on _! own m]its1 dis[n any flatt]+ applications to vanity4 ,! cont9ual :9e ( lam5t+ ! burd5 ( taxes1 h[ev] successfully x may be practis$ 9 mix$ ,gov]nm5ts1 is inconsi/5t ) ! s5se & _s ( a republic4 ,if taxes are necess>y1 !y are ( c\rse advantage\s2 b if !y require an apology1 ! apology itself implies an impea*m5t4 ,:y1 !n1 is man ?us impos$ ^u1 or :y does he impose ^u himself8 ,:5 m5 are spok5 ( z k+s & subjects1 or :5 ,gov]nm5t is m5tion$ "u ! di/9ct & comb9$ heads ( mon>*y1 ari/ocracy1 & democracy1 :at is x t reason+ man is to und]/& by ! t]ms8 ,if !re really exi/$ 9 ! _w two or m di/9ct & sep>ate elem5ts ( human p[]1 we %\ld !n see ! sev]al orig9s to :i* ^? t]ms w\ld descriptively apply2 b z !re is b "o species ( man1 !re c be b "o elem5t ( human p[]2 & t elem5t is man himself4 ,mon>*y1 ari/ocracy1 & democracy1 are b creatures ( imag9ation2 & a ?\s& su* may be contriv$ z well z ?ree4 ,f ! ,revolutions ( ,am]ica & ,france1 & ! symptoms t h appe>$ 9 o!r c\ntries1 x is evid5t t ! op9ion ( ! _w is *ang+ ) respect to sy/ems ( ,gov]nm5t1 & t revolutions are n )9 ! compass ( political calculations4 ,! progress ( "t & circum/ances1 :i* m5 assign to ! accompli%m5t ( great *anges1 is too me*anical to measure ! =ce ( ! m9d1 & ! rapidity ( reflection1 by :i* revolutions are g5]at$3 ,all ! old gov]nm5ts h receiv$ a %ock f ^? t already appe>1 & :i* 7 once m improbable1 & are a great] subject ( wond]1 ?an a g5]al revolution 9 ,europe w\ld be n[4 ,:5 we survey ! wret*$ condition ( man1 "u ! mon>*ical & h]$it>y sy/ems ( ,gov]nm5t1 dragg$ f 8 home by "o p[]1 or driv5 by ano!r1 & impov]i%$ by taxes m ?an by enemies1 x becomes evid5t t ^? sy/ems are bad1 & t a g5]al revolution 9 ! pr9ciple & con/ruction ( ,gov]nm5ts is necess>y4 ,:at is gov]nm5t m ?an ! managem5t ( ! affairs ( a ,nation8 ,x is n1 & f its nature _c be1 ! prop]ty ( any p>ticul> man or family1 b ( ! :ole community1 at ^: exp5se x is support$2 & ?\gh by =ce & contrivance x has be5 usurp$ into an inh]itance1 ! usurpation _c alt] ! "r ( ?+s4 ,sov]eignty1 z a matt] ( "r1 app]ta9s to ! ,nation only1 & n to any individual2 & a ,nation has at all times an inh]5t indefeasible "r to aboli% any =m ( ,gov]nm5t x f9ds inconv5i5t1 & to e/abli% su* z accords ) its int]e/1 disposition & happ9ess4 ,! romantic & b>b>\s di/9ction ( m5 into ,k+s & subjects1 ?\gh x may suit ! condition ( c\rti]s1 _c t ( citiz5s2 & is explod$ by ! pr9ciple ^u :i* ,gov]nm5ts are n[ f\nd$4 ,e citiz5 is a memb] ( ! ,sov]eignty1 &1 z su*1 c ackn[l$ge no p]sonal subjection2 & 8 ob$i5ce c be only to ! laws4 ,:5 m5 ?9k ( :at ,gov]nm5t is1 !y mu/ necess>ily suppose x to possess a k ( all ! objects & matt]s ^u :i* its au?ority is to be ex]cis$4 ,9 ?is view ( ,gov]nm5t1 ! republican sy/em1 z e/abli%$ by ,am]ica & ,france1 op]ates to embrace ! :ole ( a ,nation2 & ! k necess>y to ! int]e/ ( all ! p>ts1 is to be f\nd 9 ! c5t]1 :i* ! p>ts by repres5tation =m3 ,b ! old ,gov]nm5ts are on a con/ruction t excludes k z well z happ9ess2 gov]nm5t by ,monks1 :o knew no?+ ( ! _w beyond ! walls ( a ,conv5t1 is z consi/5t z gov]nm5t by ,k+s4 ,:at 7 =m]ly call$ ,revolutions1 7 little m ?an a *ange ( p]sons1 or an alt]ation ( local circum/ances4 ,!y rose & fell l ?+s ( c\rse1 & _h no?+ 9 _! exi/5ce or _! fate t c\ld influ5ce beyond ! spot t produc$ !m4 ,b :at we n[ see 9 ! _w1 f ! ,revolutions ( ,am]ica & ,france1 are a r5ovation ( ! natural ord] ( ?+s1 a sy/em ( pr9ciples z univ]sal z tru? & ! exi/5ce ( man1 & comb9+ moral ) political happ9ess & national prosp]ity4 ,i4 ,m5 are born1 & always cont9ue1 free & equal 9 respect ( _! rights4 ,civil di/9ctions1 !re=e1 c be f\nd$ only on public utility4 ,,ii4 ,! end ( all political associations is ! pres]vation ( ! natural & imprescriptible rights ( man2 & ^! rights are lib]ty1 prop]ty1 security1 & resi/ance ( oppression4 ,,iii4 ,! nation is ess5tially ! s\rce ( all sov]eignty2 nor c any ,individual1 or ,any ,body ,( ,m51 be entitl$ to any au?ority :i* is n expressly d]iv$ f x4 ,9 ^! pr9ciples1 !re is no?+ to ?r[ a ,nation into confusion by inflam+ ambition4 ,!y are calculat$ to call =? wisdom & abilities1 & to ex]cise !m = ! public good1 & n = ! emolum5t or aggr&isem5t ( p>ticul> descriptions ( m5 or families4 ,mon>*ical sov]eignty1 ! enemy ( mank9d1 & ! s\rce ( mis]y1 is aboli%$2 & ! sov]eignty itself is re/or$ to its natural & orig9al place1 ! ,nation4 ,7 ?is ! case ?r\gh\t ,europe1 ! cause ( w>s w\ld be tak5 away4 ,x is attribut$ to ,h5ry ! ,f\r? ( ,france1 a man ( enl>g$ & b5evol5t he>t1 t he propos$1 ab\t ! ye> #afaj1 a plan = aboli%+ w> 9 ,europe4 ,! plan consi/$ 9 con/itut+ an ,european ,congress1 or z ! ,fr5* au?ors /yle x1 a ,pacific ,republic2 by appo9t+ delegates f ! sev]al ,nations :o 7 to act z a ,c\rt ( arbitration 9 any disputes t might arise betwe5 nation & nation4 ,_h su* a plan be5 adopt$ at ! "t x 0 propos$1 ! taxes ( ,engl& & ,france1 z two ( ! p>ties1 w\ld h be5 at lea/ t5 millions /]l+ annually to ea* ,nation less ?an !y 7 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,to conceive a cause :y su* a plan has n be5 adopt$ 7& t in/ead ( a ,congress = ! purpose ( prev5t+ w>1 x has be5 call$ only to t]m9ate a w>1 aft] a fruitless exp5se ( sev]al ye>s7 x w be necess>y to consid] ! int]e/ ( ,gov]nm5ts z a di/9ct int]e/ to t ( ,nations4 ,:atev] is ! cause ( taxes to a ,nation1 becomes also ! means ( rev5ue to ,gov]nm5t4 ,e w> t]m9ates ) an addition ( taxes1 & consequ5tly ) an addition ( rev5ue2 & 9 any ev5t ( w>1 9 ! mann] !y are n[ comm5c$ & conclud$1 ! p[] & int]e/ ( ,gov]nm5ts are increas$4 ,w>1 !re=e1 f its productiv5ess1 z x easily furni%es ! pret5ce ( necessity = taxes & appo9tm5ts to places & (fices1 becomes a pr9cipal "p ( ! sy/em ( old ,gov]nm5ts2 & to e/abli% any mode to aboli% w>1 h[ev] advantage\s x might be to ,nations1 w\ld be to take f su* ,gov]nm5t ! mo/ lucrative ( its bran*es4 ,! frivol\s matt]s ^u :i* w> is made1 %[ ! disposition & avidity ( ,gov]nm5ts to uphold ! sy/em ( w>1 & betray ! motives ^u :i* !y act4 ,:y are n ,republics plung$ into w>1 b because ! nature ( _! ,gov]nm5t does n admit ( an int]e/ di/9ct f t ( ! ,nation8 ,ev5 ,holl&1 ?\gh an ill-con/ruct$ ,republic1 & ) a comm]ce ext5d+ ov] ! _w1 exi/$ ne>ly a c5tury )\t w>3 & ! in/ant ! =m ( ,gov]nm5t 0 *ang$ 9 ,france1 ! republican pr9ciples ( peace & dome/ic prosp]ity & economy arose ) ! new ,gov]nm5t2 & ! same consequ5ces w\ld foll[ ! cause 9 o!r ,nations4 ,z w> is ! sy/em ( ,gov]nm5t on ! old con/ruction1 ! animosity :i* ,nations reciprocally ent]ta91 is no?+ m ?an :at ! policy ( _! ,gov]nm5ts excites to keep up ! _s ( ! sy/em4 ,ea* ,gov]nm5t accuses ! o!r ( p]fidy1 intrigue1 & ambition1 z a means ( heat+ ! imag9ation ( _! respective ,nations1 & inc5s+ !m to ho/ilities4 ,man is n ! enemy ( man1 b ?r\gh ! m$ium ( a false sy/em ( ,gov]nm5t4 ,in/ead1 !re=e1 ( exclaim+ aga9/ ! ambition ( ,k+s1 ! exclamation %\ld be direct$ aga9/ ! pr9ciple ( su* ,gov]nm5ts2 & in/ead ( seek+ to re=m ! individual1 ! wisdom ( a ,nation %\ld apply itself to re=m ! sy/em4 ,:e!r ! =ms & maxims ( ,gov]nm5ts :i* are /ill 9 practice1 7 adapt$ to ! condition ( ! _w at ! p]iod !y 7 e/abli%$1 is n 9 ?is case ! "q4 ,! old] !y are1 ! less correspond5ce c !y h ) ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s4 ,"t1 & *ange ( circum/ances & op9ions1 h ! same progressive effect 9 r5d]+ modes ( ,gov]nm5t obsolete z !y h ^u cu/oms & mann]s4--,agriculture1 comm]ce1 manufactures1 & ! tranquil arts1 by :i* ! prosp]ity ( ,nations is be/ promot$1 require a diff]5t sy/em ( ,gov]nm5t1 & a diff]5t species ( k to direct its op]ations1 ?an :at might h be5 requir$ 9 ! =m] condition ( ! _w4 ,z x is n difficult to p]ceive1 f ! enlight5$ /ate ( mank9d1 t h]$it>y ,gov]nm5ts are v]g+ to _! decl9e1 & t ,revolutions on ! broad basis ( national sov]eignty & ,gov]nm5t by repres5tation1 are mak+ _! way 9 ,europe1 x w\ld be an act ( wisdom to anticipate _! approa*1 & produce ,revolutions by reason & accommodation1 r ?an commit !m to ! issue ( convulsions4 ,f :at we n[ see1 no?+ ( re=m 9 ! political _w ought to be held improbable4 ,x is an age ( ,revolutions1 9 :i* ev]y?+ may be look$ =4 ,! intrigue ( ,c\rts1 by :i* ! sy/em ( w> is kept up1 may provoke a conf$]ation ( ,nations to aboli% x3 & an ,european ,congress to patronise ! progress ( free ,gov]nm5t1 & promote ! civilisation ( ,nations ) ea* o!r1 is an ev5t ne>] 9 probability1 ?an once 7 ! revolutions & alliance ( ,france & ,am]ica4 ,,end ,,( ,,"p ,i4 ,,rights ,,( ,,man4 ,,"p ,,second1 ,,comb9+ ,,pr9ciple ,,& ,,practice4 ,by ,?omas ,pa9e4 ,,fr5* ,,translator',s ,,preface4 7#agib7 ,,! "w ( :i* we (f] a translation to ! public has creat$ ! greate/ s5sation 9 ,engl&4 ,pa9e1 t man ( fre$om1 :o seems born to prea* ,common ,s5se to ! :ole _w ) ! same success z 9 ,am]ica1 expla9s 9 x to ! p ( ,engl& ! !ory ( ! practice ( ! ,rights ( ,man4 ,ow+ to ! prejudices t /ill gov]n t nation1 ! au?or has be5 oblig$ to condesc5d to answ] ,mr4 ,burke4 ,he has done s m especially 9 an ext5d$ preface :i* is no?+ b a piece ( v t$i\s controv]sy1 9 :i* he %[s himself v s5sitive to criticisms t d n really affect him4 ,to translate x seem$ an insult to ! free ,fr5* p1 & simil> reasons h l$ ! editors to suppress also a d$icatory epi/le address$ by ,pa9e to ,lafayette4 ,! ,fr5* c no long] endure d$icatory epi/les4 ,a man %\ld write privately to ^? he e/eems3 :5 he publi%es a book 8 ?\ghts %\ld be (f]$ to ! public alone4 ,pa9e1 t uncorrupt$ fri5d ( fre$om1 believ$ too 9 ! s9c]ity ( ,lafayette4 ,s easy is x to deceive m5 ( s+le-m9d$ purpose6 ,br$ at a di/ance f c\rts1 t au/]e ,am]ican does n seem any m on 8 gu>d aga9/ ! artful ways & spee* ( c\rti]s ?an "s ,fr5*m5 :o resemble him4 ,,to ,m4 ,,de ,,la ,,fayette ,aft] an acqua9tance ( ne>ly fifte5 ye>s 9 difficult situations 9 ,am]ica1 & v>i\s consultations 9 ,europe1 ,i feel a pleasure 9 pres5t+ to y ?is small treatise1 9 gratitude = y\r s]vices to my belov$ ,am]ica1 & z a te/imony ( my e/eem = ! virtues1 public & private1 :i* ,i "k y to possess4 ,! only po9t ^u :i* ,i c\ld ev] discov] t we diff]$ 0 n z to pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t1 b z to "t4 ,= my own "p ,i ?9k x equally z injuri\s to good pr9ciples to p]mit !m to l+]1 z to pu% !m on too fa/4 ,t :i* y suppose accompli%able 9 f\rte5 or fifte5 ye>s1 ,i may believe practicable 9 a mu* %ort] p]iod4 ,mank9d1 z x appe>s to me1 are always ripe en\gh to und]/& _! true int]e/1 provid$ x be pres5t$ cle>ly to _! und]/&+1 & t 9 a mann] n to create suspicion by any?+ l self-design1 nor (f5d by assum+ too mu*4 ,:]e we w\ld wi% to re=m we mu/ n reproa*4 ,:5 ! ,am]ican revolution 0 e/abli%$ ,i felt a disposition to sit s]5ely d[n & enjoy ! calm4 ,x did n appe> to me t any object c\ld aft]w>ds arise great en\gh to make me quit tranquility & feel z ,i _h felt be=e4 ,b :5 pr9ciple1 & n place1 is ! en]getic cause ( action1 a man1 ,i f9d1 is ev]y:]e ! same4 ,i am n[ once m 9 ! public _w2 & z ,i h n a "r to contemplate on s _m ye>s ( rema9+ life z y h1 ,i h resolv$ to lab\r z fa/ z ,i c2 & z ,i am anxi\s = y\r aid & y\r company1 ,i wi% y to ha/5 y\r pr9ciples & ov]take me4 ,if y make a campaign ! ensu+ spr+1 :i* x is mo/ probable !re w be no occasion =1 ,i w come & jo9 y4 ,%\ld ! campaign comm5ce1 ,i hope x w t]m9ate 9 ! ext9ction ( ,g]man despotism1 & 9 e/abli%+ ! fre$om ( all ,g]many4 ,:5 ,france %all be surr\nd$ ) revolutions %e w be 9 peace & safety1 & h] taxes1 z well z ^? ( ,g]many1 w consequ5tly become less4 ,y\r s9c]e1 ,affectionate ,fri5d1 ,?omas ,pa9e ,london1 ,feb4 #i1 #agib ,,preface ,:5 ,i began ! *apt] entitl$ ! ,conclusion 9 ! =m] "p ( ! ,,rights ,,( ,,man1 publi%$ la/ ye>1 x 0 my int5tion to h ext5d$ x to a great] l5g?2 b 9 ca/+ ! :ole matt] 9 my m9d1 :i* ,i wi% to add1 ,i f\nd t x mu/ ei!r make ! "w too bulky1 or contract my plan too mu*4 ,i !re=e br\ght x to a close z soon z ! subject w\ld admit1 & res]v$ :at ,i _h fur!r to say to ano!r opportunity4 ,sev]al o!r reasons contribut$ to produce ?is det]m9ation4 ,i wi%$ to "k ! mann] 9 :i* a "w1 writt5 9 a /yle ( ?9k+ & expression diff]5t to :at _h be5 cu/om>y 9 ,engl&1 w\ld be receiv$ be=e ,i proce$$ f>!r4 ,a great field 0 op5+ to ! view ( mank9d by means ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,mr4 ,burke's outrage\s opposition !reto br\ght ! controv]sy into ,engl&4 ,he attack$ pr9ciples :i* he knew 7f in=mation7 ,i w\ld conte/ ) him1 because !y are pr9ciples ,i believe to be good1 & :i* ,i h contribut$ to e/abli%1 & conceive myself b\nd to def5d4 ,_h he n urg$ ! controv]sy1 ,i _h mo/ probably be5 a sil5t man4 ,ano!r reason = def]r+ ! rema9d] ( ! "w 01 t ,mr4 ,burke promis$ 9 8 fir/ publication to r5ew ! subject at ano!r opportunity1 & to make a comp>ison ( :at he call$ ! ,engli% & ,fr5* ,con/itutions4 ,i !re=e held myself 9 res]ve = him4 ,he has publi%$ two works s9ce1 )\t do+ ?is3 :i* he c]ta9ly w\ld n h omitt$1 _h ! comp>ison be5 9 8 fav\r4 ,9 8 la/ "w1 8 ,appeal f ! ,new to ! ,old ,:igs1 he has quot$ ab\t t5 pages f ! ,,rights ,,( ,,man1 & hav+ giv5 himself ! tr\ble ( do+ ?is1 says he %all n attempt 9 ! smalle/ degree to refute !m1 mean+ ! pr9ciples !re9 conta9$4 ,i am en\gh acqua9t$ ) ,mr4 ,burke to "k t he w\ld if he c\ld4 ,b in/ead ( conte/+ !m1 he imm$iately aft] consoles himself ) say+ t he has done 8 "p4--,he has n done 8 "p4 ,he has n p]=m$ 8 promise ( a comp>ison ( con/itutions4 ,he />t$ ! controv]sy1 he gave ! *all5ge1 & has fl$ f x2 & he is n[ a case 9 po9t ) 8 own op9ion t ! age ( *ivalry is gone6 ,! title1 z well z ! sub/ance ( 8 la/ "w1 8 ,appeal1 is 8 condemnation4 ,pr9ciples mu/ /& on _! own m]its1 & if !y are good !y c]ta9ly w4 ,to put !m "u ! %elt] ( o!r m5's au?ority1 z ,mr4 ,burke has done1 s]ves to br+ !m into suspicion4 ,mr4 ,burke is n v fond ( divid+ 8 hon\rs1 b 9 ?is case he is artfully divid+ ! disgrace4 ,b :o are ^? to :om ,mr4 ,burke has made 8 appeal8 ,a set ( *ildi% ?9k]s1 & half-way politicians born 9 ! la/ c5tury1 m5 :o w5t no f>!r ) any pr9ciple ?an z x suit$ _! purposes z a p>ty2 ! nation 0 always left out ( ! "q2 & ?is has be5 ! "* ( e p>ty f t day to ?is4 ,! nation sees no?+ ( su* works1 or su* politics1 wor?y its att5tion4 ,a little matt] w move a p>ty1 b x mu/ be some?+ great t moves a nation4 ,?\gh ,i see no?+ 9 ,mr4 ,burke's ,appeal wor? tak+ mu* notice (1 !re is1 h[ev]1 "o expression ^u :i* ,i %all (f] a few rem>ks4 ,aft] quot+ l>gely f ! ,,rights ,,( ,,man1 & decl9+ to conte/ ! pr9ciples conta9$ 9 t "w1 he says3 ,?is w mo/ probably be done 7if su* writ+s %all be ?\ght to des]ve any o!r refutation ?an t ( crim9al ju/ice7 by o!rs1 :o may ?9k ) ,mr4 ,burke & ) ! same zeal4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x has n yet be5 done by anybody4 ,n less1 ,i believe1 ?an eight or t5 pamphlets int5d$ z answ]s to ! =m] "p ( ! ,,rights ,,( ,,man h be5 publi%$ by diff]5t p]sons1 & n "o ( !m to my k1 has ext5d$ to a second edition1 nor are ev5 ! titles ( !m s mu* z g5]ally rememb]$4 ,z ,i am av]se to unnecess>y multiply+ publications1 ,i h answ]$ none ( !m4 ,& z ,i believe t a man may write himself out ( reputation :5 nobody else c d x1 ,i am c>eful to avoid t rock4 ,b z ,i w\ld decl9e unnecess>y publications on ! "o h&1 s w\ld ,i avoid ev]y?+ t might appe> l sull5 pride on ! o!r4 ,if ,mr4 ,burke1 or any p]son on 8 side ! "q1 w produce an answ] to ! ,,rights ,,( ,,man t %all ext5d to a half1 or ev5 to a f\r? "p ( ! numb] ( copies to :i* ! ,rights ,( ,man ext5d$1 ,i w reply to 8 "w4 ,b until ?is be done1 ,i %all s f> take ! s5se ( ! public = my guide 7& ! _w kn[s ,i am n a flatt]]7 t :at !y d n ?9k wor? :ile to read1 is n wor? m9e to answ]4 ,i suppose ! numb] ( copies to :i* ! fir/ "p ( ! ,,rights ,,( ,,man ext5d$1 tak+ ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 & ,irel&1 is n less ?an betwe5 =ty & fifty ?\s&4 ,i n[ come to rem>k on ! rema9+ "p ( ! quotation ,i h made f ,mr4 ,burke4 ,if1 says he1 su* writ+s %all be ?\ght to des]ve any o!r refutation ?an t ( crim9al ju/ice4 ,p>don+ ! pun1 x mu/ be crim9al ju/ice inde$ t %\ld condemn a "w z a sub/itute = n be+ able to refute x4 ,! greate/ condemnation t c\ld be pass$ ^u x w\ld be a refutation4 ,b 9 proce$+ by ! me?od ,mr4 ,burke alludes to1 ! condemnation w\ld1 9 ! f9al ev5t1 pass ^u ! crim9ality ( ! process & n ^u ! "w1 & 9 ?is case1 ,i _h r be ! au?or1 ?an be ei!r ! judge or ! jury t %\ld condemn x4 ,b to come at once to ! po9t4 ,i h diff]$ f "s pr(essional g5tlem5 on ! subject ( prosecutions1 & ,i s9ce f9d !y are fall+ into my op9ion1 :i* ,i w "h /ate z fully1 b z concisely z ,i c4 ,i w fir/ put a case ) respect to any law1 & !n comp>e x ) a gov]nm5t1 or ) :at 9 ,engl& is1 or has be51 call$ a con/itution4 ,x w\ld be an act ( despotism1 or :at 9 ,engl& is call$ arbitr>y p[]1 to make a law to prohibit inve/igat+ ! pr9ciples1 good or bad1 on :i* su* a law1 or any o!r is f\nd$4 ,if a law be bad x is "o ?+ to oppose ! practice ( x1 b x is q a diff]5t ?+ to expose its errors1 to reason on its defects1 & to %[ cause :y x %\ld be repeal$1 or :y ano!r ought to be sub/itut$ 9 its place4 ,i h always held x an op9ion 7mak+ x also my practice7 t x is bett] to obey a bad law1 mak+ use at ! same "t ( e argum5t to %[ its errors & procure its repeal1 ?an =cibly to violate x2 because ! prec$5t ( break+ a bad law might weak5 ! =ce1 & lead to a discretion>y violation1 ( ^? :i* are good4 ,! case is ! same ) respect to pr9ciples & =ms ( gov]nm5t1 or to :at are call$ con/itutions & ! p>ts ( :i* !y are1 compos$4 ,x is = ! good ( nations & n = ! emolum5t or aggr&isem5t ( p>ticul> individuals1 t gov]nm5t ought to be e/abli%$1 & t mank9d are at ! exp5se ( support+ x4 ,! defects ( e gov]nm5t & con/itution bo? z to pr9ciple & =m1 mu/1 on a p>ity ( reason+1 be z op5 to discussion z ! defects ( a law1 & x is a duty :i* e man owes to society to po9t !m out4 ,:5 ^? defects1 & ! means ( rem$y+ !m1 are g5]ally se5 by a nation1 t nation w re=m its gov]nm5t or its con/itution 9 ! "o case1 z ! gov]nm5t repeal$ or re=m$ ! law 9 ! o!r4 ,! op]ation ( gov]nm5t is re/rict$ to ! mak+ & ! adm9i/]+ ( laws2 b x is to a nation t ! "r ( =m+ or re=m+1 g5]at+ or reg5]at+ con/itutions & gov]nm5ts belong2 & consequ5tly ^? subjects1 z subjects ( inve/igation1 are always be=e a c\ntry z a matt] ( "r1 & _c1 )\t invad+ ! g5]al rights ( t c\ntry1 be made subjects = prosecution4 ,on ?is gr\nd ,i w meet ,mr4 ,burke :5ev] he please4 ,x is bett] t ! :ole argum5t %\ld come out ?an to seek to /ifle x4 ,x 0 himself t op5$ ! controv]sy1 & he ought n to des]t x4 ,i d n believe t mon>*y & ari/ocracy w cont9ue sev5 ye>s long] 9 any ( ! enlight5$ c\ntries 9 ,europe4 ,if bett] reasons c be %[n = !m ?an aga9/ !m1 !y w /&2 if ! contr>y1 !y w n4 ,mank9d are n n[ to be told !y %all n ?9k1 or !y %all n read2 & publications t g no f>!r ?an to inve/igate pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t1 to invite m5 to reason & to reflect1 & to %[ ! errors & excell5ces ( diff]5t sy/ems1 h a "r to appe>4 ,if !y d n excite att5tion1 !y are n wor? ! tr\ble ( a prosecution2 & if !y d1 ! prosecution w am\nt to no?+1 s9ce x _c am\nt to a prohibition ( read+4 ,?is w\ld be a s5t5ce on ! public1 in/ead ( ! au?or1 & w\ld also be ! mo/ effectual mode ( mak+ or ha/5+ revolution4 ,on all cases t apply univ]sally to a nation1 ) respect to sy/ems ( gov]nm5t1 a jury ( twelve m5 is n compet5t to decide4 ,:]e !re are no witnesses to be exam9$1 no facts to be prov$1 & :]e ! :ole matt] is be=e ! :ole public1 & ! m]its or dem]its ( x re/+ on _! op9ion2 & :]e !re is no?+ to be kn[n 9 a c\rt1 b :at e body kn[s out ( x1 e twelve m5 is equally z good a jury z ! o!r1 & w\ld mo/ probably rev]se ea* o!r's v]dict2 or1 f ! v>iety ( _! op9ions1 n be able to =m "o4 ,x is "o case1 :e!r a nation approve a "w1 or a plan2 b x is q ano!r case1 :e!r x w commit to any su* jury ! p[] ( det]m9+ :e!r t nation h a "r to1 or %all re=m its gov]nm5t or n4 ,i m5tion ^? cases t ,mr4 ,burke may see ,i h n writt5 on ,gov]nm5t )\t reflect+ on :at is ,law1 z well z on :at are ,rights4--,! only effectual jury 9 su* cases w\ld be a conv5tion ( ! :ole nation fairly elect$2 = 9 all su* cases ! :ole nation is ! vic9age4 ,if ,mr4 ,burke w propose su* a jury1 ,i w waive all privileges ( be+ ! citiz5 ( ano!r c\ntry1 &1 def5d+ its pr9ciples1 abide ! issue1 provid$ he w d ! same2 = my op9ion is1 t 8 "w & 8 pr9ciples w\ld be condemn$ in/ead ( m9e4 ,z to ! prejudices :i* m5 h f education & habit1 9 fav\r ( any p>ticul> =m or sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 ^? prejudices h yet to /& ! te/ ( reason & reflection4 ,9 fact1 su* prejudices are no?+4 ,no man is prejudic$ 9 fav\r ( a ?+1 kn[+ x to be wrong4 ,he is atta*$ to x on ! belief ( its be+ "r2 & :5 he sees x is n s1 ! prejudice w be gone4 ,we h b a defective idea ( :at prejudice is4 ,x might be said1 t until m5 ?9k = !mselves ! :ole is prejudice1 & n op9ion2 = t only is op9ion :i* is ! result ( reason & reflection4 ,i (f] ?is rem>k1 t ,mr4 ,burke may n confide too mu* 9 :at h be5 ! cu/om>y prejudices ( ! c\ntry4 ,i d n believe t ! p ( ,engl& h ev] be5 fairly & c&idly dealt by4 ,!y h be5 impos$ ^u by p>ties1 & by m5 assum+ ! "* ( lead]s4 ,x is "t t ! nation %\ld rise above ^? trifles4 ,x is "t to dismiss t inatt5tion :i* has s long be5 ! enc\rag+ cause ( /ret*+ taxation to excess4 ,x is "t to dismiss all ^? songs & toa/s :i* are calculat$ to enslave1 & op]ate to suffocate reflection4 ,on all su* subjects m5 h b to ?9k1 & !y w nei!r act wrong nor be misl$4 ,to say t any p are n fit = fre$om1 is to make pov]ty _! *oice1 & to say !y _h r be load$ ) taxes ?an n4 ,if su* a case c\ld be prov$1 x w\ld equally prove t ^? :o gov]n are n fit to gov]n !m1 = !y are a "p ( ! same national mass4 ,b admitt+ gov]nm5ts to be *ang$ all ov] ,europe2 x c]ta9ly may be done )\t convulsion or rev5ge4 ,x is n wor? mak+ *anges or revolutions1 unless x be = "s great national b5efit3 & :5 ?is %all appe> to a nation1 ! dang] w be1 z 9 ,am]ica & ,france1 to ^? :o oppose2 & ) ?is reflection ,i close my ,preface4 ,,?omas ,,pa9e ,london1 ,feb4 #i1 #agib ,,rights ,,( ,,man ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,introduction4 ,:at ,ar*im$es said ( ! me*anical p[]s1 may be appli$ to ,reason & ,lib]ty4 ,_h we1 said he1 a place to /& ^u1 we might raise ! _w4 ,! revolution ( ,am]ica pres5t$ 9 politics :at 0 only !ory 9 me*anics4 ,s deeply root$ 7 all ! gov]nm5ts ( ! old _w1 & s effectually _h ! tyranny & ! antiquity ( habit e/abli%$ itself ov] ! m9d1 t no beg9n+ c\ld be made 9 ,asia1 ,africa1 or ,europe1 to re=m ! political condition ( man4 ,fre$om _h be5 hunt$ r\nd ! globe2 reason 0 consid]$ z rebellion2 & ! slav]y ( fe> _h made m5 afraid to ?9k4 ,b su* is ! irresi/ible nature ( tru?1 t all x asks1--& all x wants1--is ! lib]ty ( appe>+4 ,! sun ne$s no inscription to di/+ui% him f d>kness2 & no soon] did ! ,am]ican gov]nm5ts display !mselves to ! _w1 ?an despotism felt a %ock & man began to contemplate r$ress4 ,! indep5d5ce ( ,am]ica1 consid]$ m]ely z a sep>ation f ,engl&1 w\ld h be5 a matt] b ( little importance1 _h x n be5 accompani$ by a revolution 9 ! pr9ciples & practice ( gov]nm5ts4 ,%e made a /&1 n = h]self only1 b = ! _w1 & look$ beyond ! advantages h]self c\ld receive4 ,ev5 ! ,hessian1 ?\gh hir$ to fight aga9/ h]1 may live to bless 8 defeat2 & ,engl&1 condemn+ ! vici\sness ( its gov]nm5t1 rejoice 9 its misc>riage4 ,z ,am]ica 0 ! only spot 9 ! political _w :]e ! pr9ciple ( univ]sal re=mation c\ld beg91 s also 0 x ! be/ 9 ! natural _w4 ,an assemblage ( circum/ances conspir$1 n only to give bir?1 b to add gigantic maturity to its pr9ciples4 ,! sc5e :i* t c\ntry pres5ts to ! eye ( a spectator1 has some?+ 9 x :i* g5]ates & enc\rages great ideas4 ,nature appe>s to him 9 magnitude4 ,! mighty objects he beholds1 act ^u 8 m9d by enl>g+ x1 & he p>takes ( ! greatness he contemplates4--,its fir/ settl]s 7 emigrants f diff]5t ,european nations1 & ( div]sifi$ pr(essions ( religion1 retir+ f ! gov]nm5tal p]secutions ( ! old _w1 & meet+ 9 ! new1 n z enemies1 b z bro!rs4 ,! wants :i* necess>ily accompany ! cultivation ( a wild]ness produc$ among !m a /ate ( society1 :i* c\ntries long h>ass$ by ! qu>rels & intrigues ( gov]nm5ts1 _h neglect$ to *]i%4 ,9 su* a situation man becomes :at he ought4 ,he sees 8 species1 n ) ! inhuman idea ( a natural enemy1 b z k9dr$2 & ! example %[s to ! artificial _w1 t man mu/ g back to ,nature = in=mation4 ,f ! rapid progress :i* ,am]ica makes 9 e species ( improvem5t1 x is rational to conclude t1 if ! gov]nm5ts ( ,asia1 ,africa1 & ,europe _h begun on a pr9ciple simil> to t ( ,am]ica1 or _h n be5 v e>ly corrupt$ !refrom1 ^? c\ntries mu/ by ?is "t h be5 9 a f> sup]ior condition to :at !y are4 ,age aft] age has pass$ away1 = no o!r purpose ?an to behold _! wret*$ness4 ,c\ld we suppose a spectator :o knew no?+ ( ! _w1 & :o 0 put into x m]ely to make 8 obs]vations1 he w\ld take a great "p ( ! old _w to be new1 j /ruggl+ ) ! difficulties & h>d%ips ( an infant settlem5t4 ,he c\ld n suppose t ! hordes ( mis]able poor ) :i* old c\ntries ab\nd c\ld be any o!r ?an ^? :o _h n yet _h "t to provide = !mselves4 ,little w\ld he ?9k !y 7 ! consequ5ce ( :at 9 su* c\ntries !y call gov]nm5t4 ,if1 f ! m wret*$ p>ts ( ! old _w1 we look at ^? :i* are 9 an advanc$ /age ( improvem5t we /ill f9d ! gre$y h& ( gov]nm5t ?ru/+ itself into e corn] & crevice ( indu/ry1 & grasp+ ! spoil ( ! multitude4 ,inv5tion is cont9ually ex]cis$ to furni% new pret5ces = rev5ue & taxation4 ,x wat*es prosp]ity z its prey1 & p]mits none to escape )\t a tribute4 ,z revolutions h begun 7& z ! probability is always great] aga9/ a ?+ beg9n+1 ?an ( proce$+ aft] x has begun71 x is natural to expect t o!r revolutions w foll[4 ,! amaz+ & /ill increas+ exp5ses ) :i* old gov]nm5ts are conduct$1 ! num]\s w>s !y engage 9 or provoke1 ! emb>rassm5ts !y ?r[ 9 ! way ( univ]sal civilisation & comm]ce1 & ! oppression & usurpation act$ at home1 h we>i$ out ! pati5ce1 & exhau/$ ! prop]ty ( ! _w4 ,9 su* a situation1 & ) su* examples already exi/+1 revolutions are to be look$ =4 ,!y are become subjects ( univ]sal conv]sation1 & may be consid]$ z ! ,ord] ( ! day4 ,if sy/ems ( gov]nm5t c be introduc$ less exp5sive & m productive ( g5]al happ9ess ?an ^? :i* h exi/$1 all attempts to oppose _! progress w 9 ! end be fruitless4 ,reason1 l "t1 w make its own way1 & prejudice w fall 9 a combat ) int]e/4 ,if univ]sal peace1 civilisation1 & comm]ce are ev] to be ! happy lot ( man1 x _c be accompli%$ b by a revolution 9 ! sy/em ( gov]nm5ts4 ,all ! mon>*ical gov]nm5ts are milit>y4 ,w> is _! trade1 plund] & rev5ue _! objects4 ,:ile su* gov]nm5ts cont9ue1 peace has n ! absolute security ( a day4 ,:at is ! hi/ory ( all mon>*ical gov]nm5ts b a disgu/ful picture ( human wret*$ness1 & ! accid5tal respite ( a few ye>s' repose8 ,we>i$ ) w>1 & tir$ ) human but*]y1 !y sat d[n to re/1 & call$ x peace4 ,?is c]ta9ly is n ! condition t heav5 int5d$ = man2 & if ?is be mon>*y1 well might mon>*y be reckon$ among ! s9s ( ! ,jews4 ,! revolutions :i* =m]ly took place 9 ! _w _h no?+ 9 !m t int]e/$ ! bulk ( mank9d4 ,!y ext5d$ only to a *ange ( p]sons & measures1 b n ( pr9ciples1 & rose or fell among ! common transactions ( ! mom5t4 ,:at we n[ behold may n improp]ly be call$ a c\nt]-revolution4 ,conque/ & tyranny1 at "s e>li] p]iod1 dispossess$ man ( 8 rights1 & he is n[ recov]+ !m4 ,& z ! tide ( all human affairs has its ebb & fl[ 9 directions contr>y to ea* o!r1 s also is x 9 ?is4 ,gov]nm5t f\nd$ on a moral !ory1 on a sy/em ( univ]sal peace1 on ! indefeasible h]$it>y ,rights ( ,man1 is n[ revolv+ f we/ to ea/ by a /rong] impulse ?an ! gov]nm5t ( ! sword revolv$ f ea/ to we/4 ,x int]e/s n p>ticul> individuals1 b nations 9 its progress1 & promises a new era to ! human race4 ,! dang] to :i* ! success ( revolutions is mo/ expos$ is t ( attempt+ !m be=e ! pr9ciples on :i* !y proce$1 & ! advantages to result f !m1 are suffici5tly se5 & und]/ood4 ,almo/ ev]y?+ app]ta9+ to ! circum/ances ( a nation1 has be5 absorb$ & conf\nd$ "u ! g5]al & my/]i\s ^w gov]nm5t4 ,?\gh x avoids tak+ to its acc\nt ! errors x commits1 & ! mis*iefs x occasions1 x fails n to arrogate to itself :atev] has ! appe>ance ( prosp]ity4 ,x robs indu/ry ( its hon\rs1 by p$antically mak+ itself ! cause ( its effects2 & purlo9s f ! g5]al "* ( man1 ! m]its t app]ta9 to him z a social be+4 ,x may !re=e be ( use 9 ?is day ( revolutions to discrim9ate betwe5 ^? ?+s :i* are ! effect ( gov]nm5t1 & ^? :i* are n4 ,?is w be/ be done by tak+ a review ( society & civilisation1 & ! consequ5ces result+ !refrom1 z ?+s di/9ct f :at are call$ gov]nm5ts4 ,by beg9n+ ) ?is inve/igation1 we %all be able to assign effects to _! prop] causes & analyse ! mass ( common errors4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,( ,,society ,,& ,,civilisation ,great "p ( t ord] :i* reigns among mank9d is n ! effect ( gov]nm5t4 ,x has its orig9 9 ! pr9ciples ( society & ! natural con/itution ( man4 ,x exi/$ prior to gov]nm5t1 & w\ld exi/ if ! =mality ( gov]nm5t 0 aboli%$4 ,! mutual dep5d5ce & reciprocal int]e/ :i* man has ^u man1 & all ! p>ts ( civilis$ community ^u ea* o!r1 create t great *a9 ( connection :i* holds x toge!r4 ,! l&hold]1 ! f>m]1 ! manufactur]1 ! m]*ant1 ! tradesman1 & e occupation1 prosp]s by ! aid :i* ea* receives f ! o!r1 & f ! :ole4 ,common int]e/ regulates _! conc]ns1 & =ms _! law2 & ! laws :i* common usage orda9s1 h a great] influ5ce ?an ! laws ( gov]nm5t4 ,9 f9e1 society p]=ms = itself almo/ ev]y?+ :i* is ascrib$ to gov]nm5t4 ,to und]/& ! nature & quantity ( gov]nm5t prop] = man1 x is necess>y to att5d to 8 "*4 ,z ,nature creat$ him = social life1 %e fitt$ him = ! /ation %e int5d$4 ,9 all cases %e made 8 natural wants great] ?an 8 individual p[]s4 ,no "o man is capable1 )\t ! aid ( society1 ( supply+ 8 own wants1 & ^? wants1 act+ ^u e individual1 impel ! :ole ( !m into society1 z naturally z gravitation acts to a c5tre4 ,b %e has gone fur!r4 ,%e has n only =c$ man into society by a div]sity ( wants :i* ! reciprocal aid ( ea* o!r c supply1 b %e has implant$ 9 him a sy/em ( social affections1 :i*1 ?\gh n necess>y to 8 exi/5ce1 are ess5tial to 8 happ9ess4 ,!re is no p]iod 9 life :5 ?is love = society ceases to act4 ,x beg9s & ends ) our be+4 ,if we exam9e ) att5tion into ! composition & con/itution ( man1 ! div]sity ( 8 wants1 & ! div]sity ( tal5ts 9 diff]5t m5 = reciprocally accommodat+ ! wants ( ea* o!r1 8 prop5sity to society1 & consequ5tly to pres]ve ! advantages result+ f x1 we %all easily discov]1 t a great "p ( :at is call$ gov]nm5t is m]e imposition4 ,gov]nm5t is no f>!r necess>y ?an to supply ! few cases to :i* society & civilisation are n conv5i5tly compet5t2 & in/ances are n want+ to %[1 t ev]y?+ :i* gov]nm5t c usefully add !reto1 has be5 p]=m$ by ! common cons5t ( society1 )\t gov]nm5t4 ,= upw>ds ( two ye>s f ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,am]ican ,w>1 & to a long] p]iod 9 sev]al ( ! ,am]ican ,/ates1 !re 7 no e/abli%$ =ms ( gov]nm5t4 ,! old gov]nm5ts _h be5 aboli%$1 & ! c\ntry 0 too mu* occupi$ 9 def5ce to employ its att5tion 9 e/abli%+ new gov]nm5ts2 yet dur+ ?is int]val ord] & h>mony 7 pres]v$ z inviolate z 9 any c\ntry 9 ,europe4 ,!re is a natural aptness 9 man1 & m s 9 society1 because x embraces a great] v>iety ( abilities & res\rce1 to accommodate itself to :atev] situation x is 94 ,! in/ant =mal gov]nm5t is aboli%$1 society beg9s to act3 a g5]al association takes place1 & common int]e/ produces common security4 ,s f> is x f be+ true1 z has be5 pret5d$1 t ! abolition ( any =mal gov]nm5t is ! dissolution ( society1 t x acts by a contr>y impulse1 & br+s ! latt] ! clos] toge!r4 ,all t "p ( its organisation :i* x _h committ$ to its gov]nm5t1 devolves aga9 ^u itself1 & acts ?r\gh its m$ium4 ,:5 m51 z well f natural in/9ct z f reciprocal b5efits1 h habituat$ !mselves to social & civilis$ life1 !re is always en\gh ( its pr9ciples 9 practice to c>ry !m ?r\gh any *anges !y may f9d necess>y or conv5i5t to make 9 _! gov]nm5t4 ,9 %ort1 man is s naturally a creature ( society t x is almo/ impossible to put him out ( x4 ,=mal gov]nm5t makes b a small "p ( civilis$ life2 & :5 ev5 ! be/ t human wisdom c devise is e/abli%$1 x is a ?+ m 9 "n & idea ?an 9 fact4 ,x is to ! great & fundam5tal pr9ciples ( society & civilisation--to ! common usage univ]sally cons5t$ to1 & mutually & reciprocally ma9ta9$--to ! unceas+ circulation ( int]e/1 :i*1 pass+ ?r\gh its million *annels1 invigorates ! :ole mass ( civilis$ man--x is to ^! ?+s1 inf9itely m ?an to any?+ :i* ev5 ! be/ in/itut$ gov]nm5t c p]=m1 t ! safety & prosp]ity ( ! individual & ( ! :ole dep5ds4 ,! m p]fect civilisation is1 ! less occasion has x = gov]nm5t1 because ! m does x regulate its own affairs1 & gov]n itself2 b s contr>y is ! practice ( old gov]nm5ts to ! reason ( ! case1 t ! exp5ses ( !m increase 9 ! proportion !y ought to dim9i%4 ,x is b few g5]al laws t civilis$ life requires1 & ^? ( su* common usefulness1 t :e!r !y are en=c$ by ! =ms ( gov]nm5t or n1 ! effect w be ne>ly ! same4 ,if we consid] :at ! pr9ciples are t fir/ cond5se m5 into society1 & :at are ! motives t regulate _! mutual int]c\rse aft]w>ds1 we %all f9d1 by ! "t we arrive at :at is call$ gov]nm5t1 t ne>ly ! :ole ( ! bus9ess is p]=m$ by ! natural op]ation ( ! p>ts ^u ea* o!r4 ,man1 ) respect to all ^? matt]s1 is m a creature ( consi/5cy ?an he is aw>e1 or ?an gov]nm5ts w\ld wi% him to believe4 ,all ! great laws ( society are laws ( nature4 ,^? ( trade & comm]ce1 :e!r ) respect to ! int]c\rse ( individuals or ( nations1 are laws ( mutual & reciprocal int]e/4 ,!y are foll[$ & obey$1 because x is ! int]e/ ( ! p>ties s to d1 & n on acc\nt ( any =mal laws _! gov]nm5ts may impose or int]pose4 ,b h[ (t5 is ! natural prop5sity to society di/urb$ or de/roy$ by ! op]ations ( gov]nm5t6 ,:5 ! latt]1 in/ead ( be+ +raft$ on ! pr9ciples ( ! =m]1 assumes to exi/ = itself1 & acts by p>tialities ( fav\r & oppression1 x becomes ! cause ( ! mis*iefs x ought to prev5t4 ,if we look back to ! riots & tumults :i* at v>i\s times h happ5$ 9 ,engl&1 we %all f9d t !y did n proce$ f ! want ( a gov]nm5t1 b t gov]nm5t 0 itself ! g5]at+ cause2 in/ead ( consolidat+ society x divid$ x2 x depriv$ x ( its natural cohesion1 & eng5d]$ discont5ts & disord]s :i* o!rwise w\ld n h exi/$4 ,9 ^? associations :i* m5 promiscu\sly =m = ! purpose ( trade1 or ( any conc]n 9 :i* gov]nm5t is totally out ( ! "q1 & 9 :i* !y act m]ely on ! pr9ciples ( society1 we see h[ naturally ! v>i\s p>ties unite2 & ?is %[s1 by comp>ison1 t gov]nm5ts1 s f> f be+ always ! cause or means ( ord]1 are (t5 ! de/ruction ( x4 ,! riots ( #aghj _h no o!r s\rce ?an ! rema9s ( ^? prejudices :i* ! gov]nm5t itself _h enc\rag$4 ,b ) respect to ,engl& !re are also o!r causes4 ,excess & inequality ( taxation1 h[ev] disguis$ 9 ! means1 nev] fail to appe> 9 _! effects4 ,z a great mass ( ! community are ?r[n !reby into pov]ty & discont5t1 !y are con/antly on ! br9k ( commotion2 & depriv$1 z !y un=tunately are1 ( ! means ( in=mation1 are easily heat$ to outrage4 ,:atev] ! app>5t cause ( any riots may be1 ! real "o is always want ( happ9ess4 ,x %[s t some?+ is wrong 9 ! sy/em ( gov]nm5t t injures ! felicity by :i* society is to be pres]v$4 ,b z a fact is sup]ior to reason+1 ! in/ance ( ,am]ica pres5ts itself to confirm ^! obs]vations4 ,if !re is a c\ntry 9 ! _w :]e concord1 accord+ to common calculation1 w\ld be lea/ expect$1 x is ,am]ica4 ,made up z x is ( p f diff]5t nations199#af accu/om$ to diff]5t =ms & habits ( gov]nm5t1 speak+ diff]5t languages1 & m diff]5t 9 _! modes ( wor%ip1 x w\ld appe> t ! union ( su* a p 0 impracticable2 b by ! simple op]ation ( con/ruct+ gov]nm5t on ! pr9ciples ( society & ! rights ( man1 e difficulty retires1 & all ! p>ts are br\ght into cordial unison4 ,!re ! poor are n oppress$1 ! ri* are n privileg$4 ,indu/ry is n mortifi$ by ! spl5did extravagance ( a c\rt riot+ at its exp5se4 ,_! taxes are few1 because _! gov]nm5t is j3 & z !re is no?+ to r5d] !m wret*$1 !re is no?+ to eng5d] riots & tumults4 ,a metaphysical man1 l ,mr4 ,burke1 w\ld h tortur$ 8 inv5tion to discov] h[ su* a p c\ld be gov]n$4 ,he w\ld h suppos$ t "s mu/ be manag$ by fraud1 o!rs by =ce1 & all by "s contrivance2 t g5ius mu/ be hir$ to impose ^u ignorance1 & %[ & p>ade to fasc9ate ! vulg>4 ,lo/ 9 ! abundance ( 8 rese>*es1 he w\ld h resolv$ & re-resolv$1 & f9ally ov]look$ ! pla9 & easy road t lay directly be=e him4 ,"o ( ! great advantages ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution has be51 t x l$ to a discov]y ( ! pr9ciples1 & laid op5 ! imposition1 ( gov]nm5ts4 ,all ! revolutions till !n _h be5 work$ )9 ! atmosph]e ( a c\rt1 & nev] on ! gr& floor ( a nation4 ,! p>ties 7 always ( ! class ( c\rti]s2 & :atev] 0 _! rage = re=mation1 !y c>efully pres]v$ ! fraud ( ! pr(ession4 ,9 all cases !y took c>e to repres5t gov]nm5t z a ?+ made up ( my/]ies1 :i* only !mselves und]/ood2 & !y hid f ! und]/&+ ( ! nation ! only ?+ t 0 b5eficial to "k1 namely1 ,t gov]nm5t is no?+ m ?an a national association add+ on ! pr9ciples ( society4 ,hav+ ?us endeav\r$ to %[ t ! social & civilis$ /ate ( man is capable ( p]=m+ )9 itself almo/ ev]y?+ necess>y to its protection & gov]nm5t1 x w be prop]1 on ! o!r h&1 to take a review ( ! pres5t old gov]nm5ts1 & exam9e :e!r _! pr9ciples & practice are correspond5t !reto4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,( ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,pres5t ,,old ,,gov]nm5ts ,x is impossible t su* gov]nm5ts z h hi!rto exi/$ 9 ! _w1 c\ld h comm5c$ by any o!r means ?an a total violation ( e pr9ciple sacr$ & moral4 ,! obscurity 9 :i* ! orig9 ( all ! pres5t old gov]nm5ts is buri$1 implies ! iniquity & disgrace ) :i* !y began4 ,! orig9 ( ! pres5t gov]nm5t ( ,am]ica & ,france w ev] be rememb]$1 because x is hon\rable to record x2 b ) respect to ! re/1 ev5 ,flatt]y has consign$ !m to ! tomb ( "t1 )\t an inscription4 ,x c\ld h be5 no difficult ?+ 9 ! e>ly & solit>y ages ( ! _w1 :ile ! *ief employm5t ( m5 0 t ( att5d+ flocks & h]ds1 = a b&itti ( ruffians to ov]run a c\ntry1 & lay x "u contributions4 ,_! p[] be+ ?us e/abli%$1 ! *ief ( ! b& contriv$ to lose ! "n ( ,robb] 9 t ( ,mon>*2 & h5ce ! orig9 ( ,mon>*y & ,k+s4 ,! orig9 ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,engl&1 s f> z relates to :at is call$ its l9e ( mon>*y1 be+ "o ( ! late/1 is p]haps ! be/ record$4 ,! hatr$ :i* ! ,norman invasion & tyranny begat1 mu/ h be5 deeply root$ 9 ! nation1 to h outliv$ ! contrivance to oblit]ate x4 ,?\gh n a c\rti] w talk ( ! curfew-bell1 n a village 9 ,engl& has =gott5 x4 ,^? b&s ( robb]s hav+ p>cell$ out ! _w1 & divid$ x into dom9ions1 began1 z is naturally ! case1 to qu>rel ) ea* o!r4 ,:at at fir/ 0 obta9$ by viol5ce 0 consid]$ by o!rs z lawful to be tak51 & a second plund]] succe$$ ! fir/4 ,!y alt]nately invad$ ! dom9ions :i* ea* _h assign$ to himself1 & ! brutality ) :i* !y treat$ ea* o!r expla9s ! orig9al "* ( mon>*y4 ,x 0 ruffian tortur+ ruffian4 ,! conqu]or consid]$ ! conqu]$1 n z 8 prison]1 b 8 prop]ty4 ,he l$ him 9 triumph rattl+ 9 *a9s1 & doom$ him1 at pleasure1 to slav]y or dea?4 ,z "t oblit]at$ ! hi/ory ( _! beg9n+1 _! successors assum$ new appe>ances1 to cut (f ! entail ( _! disgrace1 b _! pr9ciples & objects rema9$ ! same4 ,:at at fir/ 0 plund]1 assum$ ! s(t] "n ( rev5ue2 & ! p[] orig9ally usurp$1 !y affect$ to inh]it4 ,f su* beg9n+ ( gov]nm5ts1 :at c\ld be expect$ b a cont9u$ sy/em ( w> & extortion8 ,x has e/abli%$ itself into a trade4 ,! vice is n peculi> to "o m ?an to ano!r1 b is ! common pr9ciple ( all4 ,!re does n exi/ )9 su* gov]nm5ts suffici5t /am9a :]eon to engraft re=mation2 & ! %orte/ & mo/ effectual rem$y is to beg9 anew on ! gr\nd ( ! nation4 ,:at sc5es ( horror1 :at p]fection ( iniquity1 pres5t !mselves 9 contemplat+ ! "* & review+ ! hi/ory ( su* gov]nm5ts6 ,if we w\ld del9eate human nature ) a bas5ess ( he>t & hypocrisy ( c\nt5ance t reflection w\ld %udd] at & humanity dis[n1 x is k+s1 c\rts & cab9ets t mu/ sit = ! portrait4 ,man1 naturally z he is1 ) all 8 faults ab\t him1 is n up to ! "*4 ,c we possibly suppose t if gov]nm5ts _h orig9at$ 9 a "r pr9ciple1 & _h n an int]e/ 9 pursu+ a wrong "o1 ! _w c\ld h be5 9 ! wret*$ & qu>relsome condition we h se5 x8 ,:at inducem5t has ! f>m]1 :ile foll[+ ! pl\gh1 to lay aside 8 peaceful pursuit1 & g to w> ) ! f>m] ( ano!r c\ntry8 or :at inducem5t has ! manufactur]8 ,:at is dom9ion to !m1 or to any class ( m5 9 a nation8 ,does x add an acre to any man's e/ate1 or raise its value8 ,are n conque/ & defeat ea* ( ! same price1 & taxes ! nev]-fail+ consequ5ce8--,?\gh ?is reason+ may be good to a nation1 x is n s to a gov]nm5t4 ,w> is ! ,ph>o-table ( gov]nm5ts1 & nations ! dupes ( ! game4 ,if !re is any?+ to wond] at 9 ?is mis]able sc5e ( gov]nm5ts m ?an might be expect$1 x is ! progress :i* ! peaceful arts ( agriculture1 manufacture & comm]ce h made b5ea? su* a long accumulat+ load ( disc\ragem5t & oppression4 ,x s]ves to %[ t in/9ct 9 animals does n act ) /rong] impulse ?an ! pr9ciples ( society & civilisation op]ate 9 man4 ,"u all disc\ragem5ts1 he pursues 8 object1 & yields to no?+ b impossibilities4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,( ,,! ,,old ,,& ,,new ,,sy/ems ,,( ,,gov]nm5t ,no?+ c appe> m contradictory ?an ! pr9ciples on :i* ! old gov]nm5ts began1 & ! condition to :i* society1 civilisation & comm]ce are capable ( c>ry+ mank9d4 ,gov]nm5t1 on ! old sy/em1 is an assumption ( p[]1 = ! aggr&isem5t ( itself2 on ! new1 a delegation ( p[] = ! common b5efit ( society4 ,! =m] supports itself by keep+ up a sy/em ( w>2 ! latt] promotes a sy/em ( peace1 z ! true means ( enri*+ a nation4 ,! "o enc\rages national prejudices2 ! o!r promotes univ]sal society1 z ! means ( univ]sal comm]ce4 ,! "o measures its prosp]ity1 by ! quantity ( rev5ue x extorts2 ! o!r proves its excell5ce1 by ! small quantity ( taxes x requires4 ,mr4 ,burke has talk$ ( old & new :igs4 ,if he c amuse himself ) *ildi% names & di/9ctions1 ,i %all n int]rupt 8 pleasure4 ,x is n to him1 b to ! ,abbe ,sieyes1 t ,i address ?is *apt]4 ,i am already engag$ to ! latt] g5tleman to discuss ! subject ( mon>*ical gov]nm5t2 & z x naturally occurs 9 comp>+ ! old & new sy/ems1 ,i make ?is ! opportunity ( pres5t+ to him my obs]vations4 ,i %all occasionally take ,mr4 ,burke 9 my way4 ,?\gh x might be prov$ t ! sy/em ( gov]nm5t n[ call$ ! ,new1 is ! mo/ anci5t 9 pr9ciple ( all t h exi/$1 be+ f\nd$ on ! orig9al1 inh]5t ,rights ( ,man3 yet1 z tyranny & ! sword h susp5d$ ! ex]cise ( ^? rights = _m c5turies pa/1 x s]ves bett] ! purpose ( di/9ction to call x ! new1 ?an to claim ! "r ( call+ x ! old4 ,! fir/ g5]al di/9ction betwe5 ^? two sy/ems1 is1 t ! "o n[ call$ ! old is h]$it>y1 ei!r 9 :ole or 9 "p2 & ! new is entirely repres5tative4 ,x rejects all h]$it>y gov]nm5t3 ,fir/1 ,z be+ an imposition on mank9d4 ,secondly1 ,z inadequate to ! purposes = :i* gov]nm5t is necess>y4 ,) respect to ! fir/ ( ^! heads--,x _c be prov$ by :at "r h]$it>y gov]nm5t c\ld beg92 nei!r does !re exi/ )9 ! compass ( mortal p[] a "r to e/abli% x4 ,man has no au?ority ov] po/]ity 9 matt]s ( p]sonal "r2 &1 !re=e1 no man1 or body ( m51 _h1 or c h1 a "r to set up h]$it>y gov]nm5t4 ,7 ev5 ourselves to come aga9 into exi/5ce1 in/ead ( be+ succe$$ by po/]ity1 we h n n[ ! "r ( tak+ f ourselves ! rights :i* w\ld !n be ours4 ,on :at gr\nd1 !n1 d we pret5d to take !m f o!rs8 ,all h]$it>y gov]nm5t is 9 its nature tyranny4 ,an h]itable cr[n1 or an h]itable ?rone1 or by :at o!r fanciful "n su* ?+s may be call$1 h no o!r significant explanation ?an t mank9d are h]itable prop]ty4 ,to inh]it a gov]nm5t1 is to inh]it ! p1 z if !y 7 flocks & h]ds4 ,) respect to ! second head1 t ( be+ inadequate to ! purposes = :i* gov]nm5t is necess>y1 we h only to consid] :at gov]nm5t ess5tially is1 & comp>e x ) ! circum/ances to :i* h]$it>y succession is subject4 ,gov]nm5t ought to be a ?+ always 9 full maturity4 ,x ought to be s con/ruct$ z to be sup]ior to all ! accid5ts to :i* individual man is subject2 &1 !re=e1 h]$it>y succession1 by be+ subject to !m all1 is ! mo/ irregul> & imp]fect ( all ! sy/ems ( gov]nm5t4 ,we h he>d ! ,rights ( ,man call$ a levell+ sy/em2 b ! only sy/em to :i* ! ^w levell+ is truly applicable1 is ! h]$it>y mon>*ical sy/em4 ,x is a sy/em ( m5tal levell+4 ,x indiscrim9ately admits e species ( "* to ! same au?ority4 ,vice & virtue1 ignorance & wisdom1 9 %ort1 e quality good or bad1 is put on ! same level4 ,k+s succe$ ea* o!r1 n z rationals1 b z animals4 ,x signifies n :at _! m5tal or moral *>act]s are4 ,c we !n be surpris$ at ! abject /ate ( ! human m9d 9 mon>*ical c\ntries1 :5 ! gov]nm5t itself is =m$ on su* an abject levell+ sy/em8--,x has no fix$ "*4 ,to-day x is "o ?+2 to-morr[ x is some?+ else4 ,x *anges ) ! temp] ( e succe$+ individual1 & is subject to all ! v>ieties ( ea*4 ,x is gov]nm5t ?r\gh ! m$ium ( passions & accid5ts4 ,x appe>s "u all ! v>i\s *>act]s ( *ildhood1 decrepitude1 dotage1 a ?+ at nurse1 9 lead+-/r+s1 or 9 crut*es4 ,x rev]ses ! :olesome ord] ( nature4 ,x occasionally puts *ildr5 ov] m51 & ! conceits ( nonage ov] wisdom & exp]i5ce4 ,9 %ort1 we _c conceive a m ridicul\s figure ( gov]nm5t1 ?an h]$it>y succession1 9 all its cases1 pres5ts4 ,c\ld x be made a decree 9 nature1 or an edict regi/]$ 9 heav51 & man c\ld "k x1 t virtue & wisdom %\ld inv>iably app]ta9 to h]$it>y succession1 ! objection to x w\ld be remov$2 b :5 we see t nature acts z if %e dis[n$ & sport$ ) ! h]$it>y sy/em2 t ! m5tal "* ( successors1 9 all c\ntries1 is bel[ ! av]age ( human und]/&+2 t "o is a tyrant1 ano!r an idiot1 a ?ird insane1 & "s all ?ree toge!r1 x is impossible to atta* confid5ce to x1 :5 reason 9 man has p[] to act4 ,x is n to ! ,abbe ,sieyes t ,i ne$ apply ?is reason+2 he has already sav$ me t tr\ble by giv+ 8 own op9ion ^u ! case4 ,if x be ask$1 says he1 :at is my op9ion ) respect to h]$it>y "r1 ,i answ] )\t hesitation1 ,t 9 good !ory1 an h]$it>y transmission ( any p[] ( (fice1 c nev] accord ) ! laws ( a true repres5tation4 ,h]$it>y%ip is1 9 ?is s5se1 z mu* an atta9t ^u pr9ciple1 z an outrage ^u society4 ,b let u1 cont9ues he1 ref] to ! hi/ory ( all elective mon>*ies & pr9cipalities3 is !re "o 9 :i* ! elective mode is n worse ?an ! h]$it>y succession8 ,z to debat+ on :i* is ! wor/ ( ! two1 x is admitt+ bo? to be bad2 & h]e9 we are agre$4 ,! pref]5ce :i* ! ,abbe has giv51 is a condemnation ( ! ?+ t he pref]s4 ,su* a mode ( reason+ on su* a subject is inadmissible1 because x f9ally am\nts to an accusation ^u ,provid5ce1 z if %e _h left to man no o!r *oice ) respect to gov]nm5t ?an betwe5 two evils1 ! be/ ( :i* he admits to be an atta9t ^u pr9ciple1 & an outrage ^u society4 ,pass+ ov]1 = ! pres5t1 all ! evils & mis*iefs :i* mon>*y has occasion$ 9 ! _w1 no?+ c m effectually prove its uselessness 9 a /ate ( civil gov]nm5t1 ?an mak+ x h]$it>y4 ,w\ld we make any (fice h]$it>y t requir$ wisdom & abilities to fill x8 ,& :]e wisdom & abilities are n necess>y1 su* an (fice1 :atev] x may be1 is sup]flu\s or insignificant4 ,h]$it>y succession is a burlesque ^u mon>*y4 ,x puts x 9 ! mo/ ridicul\s light1 by pres5t+ x z an (fice :i* any *ild or idiot may fill4 ,x requires "s tal5ts to be a common me*anic2 b to be a k+ requires only ! animal figure ( man--a sort ( brea?+ automaton4 ,?is sort ( sup]/ition may la/ a few ye>s m1 b x _c long resi/ ! awak5$ reason & int]e/ ( man4 ,z to ,mr4 ,burke1 he is a /ickl] = mon>*y1 n altoge!r z a p5sion]1 if he is "o1 :i* ,i believe1 b z a political man4 ,he has tak5 up a contemptible op9ion ( mank9d1 :o1 9 _! turn1 are tak+ up ! same ( him4 ,he consid]s !m z a h]d ( be+s t mu/ be gov]n$ by fraud1 effigy1 & %[2 & an idol w\ld be z good a figure ( mon>*y ) him1 z a man4 ,i w1 h[ev]1 d him ! ju/ice to say t1 ) respect to ,am]ica1 he has be5 v complim5t>y4 ,he always cont5d$1 at lea/ 9 my he>+1 t ! p ( ,am]ica 7 m enlight5$ ?an ^? ( ,engl&1 or ( any c\ntry 9 ,europe2 & t !re=e ! imposition ( %[ 0 n necess>y 9 _! gov]nm5ts4 ,?\gh ! comp>ison betwe5 h]$it>y & elective mon>*y1 :i* ! ,abbe has made1 is unnecess>y to ! case1 because ! repres5tative sy/em rejects bo?3 yet1 7 ,i to make ! comp>ison1 ,i %\ld decide contr>y to :at he has done4 ,! civil w>s :i* h orig9at$ f conte/$ h]$it>y claims1 are m num]\s1 & h be5 m dreadful1 & ( long] cont9uance1 ?an ^? :i* h be5 occasion$ by election4 ,all ! civil w>s 9 ,france arose f ! h]$it>y sy/em2 !y 7 ei!r produc$ by h]$it>y claims1 or by ! imp]fection ( ! h]$it>y =m1 :i* admits ( reg5cies or mon>*y at nurse4 ,) respect to ,engl&1 its hi/ory is full ( ! same mis=tunes4 ,! conte/s = succession betwe5 ! h\ses ( ,york & ,lanca/] la/$ a :ole c5tury2 & o!rs ( a simil> nature h r5ew$ !mselves s9ce t p]iod4 ,^? ( #agae & #agde 7 ( ! same k9d4 ,! succession w> = ! cr[n ( ,spa9 embroil$ almo/ half ,europe4 ,! di/urbances ( ,holl& are g5]at$ f ! h]$it>y%ip ( ! ,/ad?old]4 ,a gov]nm5t call+ itself free1 ) an h]$it>y (fice1 is l a ?orn 9 ! fle%1 t produces a f]m5tation :i* endeav\rs to dis*>ge x4 ,b ,i might g fur!r1 & place also =eign w>s1 ( :atev] k9d1 to ! same cause4 ,x is by add+ ! evil ( h]$it>y succession to t ( mon>*y1 t a p]man5t family int]e/ is creat$1 ^: con/ant objects are dom9ion & rev5ue4 ,pol&1 ?\gh an elective mon>*y1 has _h few] w>s ?an ^? :i* are h]$it>y2 & x is ! only gov]nm5t t has made a volunt>y essay1 ?\gh b a small "o1 to re=m ! condition ( ! c\ntry4 ,hav+ ?us glanc$ at a few ( ! defects ( ! old1 or h]$it>y sy/ems ( gov]nm5t1 let u comp>e x ) ! new1 or repres5tative sy/em4 ,! repres5tative sy/em takes society & civilisation = its basis2 nature1 reason1 & exp]i5ce1 = its guide4 ,exp]i5ce1 9 all ages1 & 9 all c\ntries1 has demon/rat$ t x is impossible to control ,nature 9 h] di/ribution ( m5tal p[]s4 ,%e gives !m z %e pleases4 ,:atev] is ! rule by :i* %e1 app>5tly to u1 scatt]s !m among mank9d1 t rule rema9s a secret to man4 ,x w\ld be z ridicul\s to attempt to fix ! h]$it>y%ip ( human beauty1 z ( wisdom4 ,:atev] wisdom con/itu5tly is1 x is l a se$less plant2 x may be re>$ :5 x appe>s1 b x _c be volunt>ily produc$4 ,!re is always a suffici5cy some:]e 9 ! g5]al mass ( society = all purposes2 b ) respect to ! p>ts ( society1 x is cont9ually *ang+ its place4 ,x rises 9 "o to-day1 9 ano!r to-morr[1 & has mo/ probably visit$ 9 rotation e family ( ! e>?1 & aga9 )drawn4 ,z ?is is 9 ! ord] ( nature1 ! ord] ( gov]nm5t mu/ necess>ily foll[ x1 or gov]nm5t w1 z we see x does1 deg5]ate into ignorance4 ,! h]$it>y sy/em1 !re=e1 is z repugnant to human wisdom z to human rights2 & is z absurd z x is unju/4 ,z ! republic ( lett]s br+s =w>d ! be/ lit]>y productions1 by giv+ to g5ius a fair & univ]sal *ance2 s ! repres5tative sy/em ( gov]nm5t is calculat$ to produce ! wise/ laws1 by collect+ wisdom f :]e x c be f\nd4 ,i smile to myself :5 ,i contemplate ! ridicul\s insignificance into :i* lit]ature & all ! sci5ces w\ld s9k1 7 !y made h]$it>y2 & ,i c>ry ! same idea into gov]nm5ts4 ,an h]$it>y gov]nor is z inconsi/5t z an h]$it>y au?or4 ,i "k n :e!r ,hom] or ,euclid _h sons2 b ,i w v5ture an op9ion t if !y _h1 & _h left _! works unf9i%$1 ^? sons c\ld n h complet$ !m4 ,d we ne$ a /rong] evid5ce ( ! absurdity ( h]$it>y gov]nm5t ?an is se5 9 ! desc5dants ( ^? m51 9 any l9e ( life1 :o once 7 fam\s8 ,is !re sc>cely an in/ance 9 :i* !re is n a total rev]se ( ! "*8 ,x appe>s z if ! tide ( m5tal faculties fl[$ z f> z x c\ld 9 c]ta9 *annels1 & !n =sook its c\rse1 & arose 9 o!rs4 ,h[ irrational !n is ! h]$it>y sy/em1 :i* e/abli%es *annels ( p[]1 9 company ) :i* wisdom refuses to fl[6 ,by cont9u+ ?is absurdity1 man is p]petually 9 contradiction ) himself2 he accepts1 = a k+1 or a *ief magi/rate1 or a legislator1 a p]son :om he w\ld n elect = a con/able4 ,x appe>s to g5]al obs]vation1 t revolutions create g5ius & tal5ts2 b ^? ev5ts d no m ?an br+ !m =w>d4 ,!re is exi/+ 9 man1 a mass ( s5se ly+ 9 a dormant /ate1 & :i*1 unless some?+ excites x to action1 w desc5d ) him1 9 t condition1 to ! grave4 ,z x is to ! advantage ( society t ! :ole ( its faculties %\ld be employ$1 ! con/ruction ( gov]nm5t ought to be su* z to br+ =w>d1 by a quiet & regul> op]ation1 all t ext5t ( capacity :i* nev] fails to appe> 9 revolutions4 ,?is _c take place 9 ! insipid /ate ( h]$it>y gov]nm5t1 n only because x prev5ts1 b because x op]ates to b5umb4 ,:5 ! m9d ( a nation is b[$ d[n by any political sup]/ition 9 its gov]nm5t1 su* z h]$it>y succession is1 x loses a consid]able portion ( its p[]s on all o!r subjects & objects4 ,h]$it>y succession requires ! same ob$i5ce to ignorance1 z to wisdom2 & :5 once ! m9d c br+ itself to pay ?is indiscrim9ate rev]5ce1 x desc5ds bel[ ! /ature ( m5tal manhood4 ,x is fit to be great only 9 little ?+s4 ,x acts a trea*]y ^u itself1 & suffocates ! s5sations t urge ! detection4 ,?\gh ! anci5t gov]nm5ts pres5t to u a mis]able picture ( ! condition ( man1 !re is "o :i* above all o!rs exempts itself f ! g5]al description4 ,i mean ! democracy ( ! ,a!nians4 ,we see m to admire1 & less to condemn1 9 t great1 extraord9>y p1 ?an 9 any?+ :i* hi/ory af=ds4 ,mr4 ,burke is s little acqua9t$ ) con/itu5t pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t1 t he conf\nds democracy & repres5tation toge!r4 ,repres5tation 0 a ?+ unkn[n 9 ! anci5t democracies4 ,9 ^? ! mass ( ! p met & enact$ laws 7grammatically speak+7 9 ! fir/ p]son4 ,simple democracy 0 no o!r ?an ! common hall ( ! anci5ts4 ,x signifies ! =m1 z well z ! public pr9ciple ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,z ^? democracies increas$ 9 population1 & ! t]ritory ext5d$1 ! simple democratical =m became unwieldy & impracticable2 & z ! sy/em ( repres5tation 0 n kn[n1 ! consequ5ce 01 !y ei!r deg5]at$ convulsively into mon>*ies1 or became absorb$ into su* z !n exi/$4 ,_h ! sy/em ( repres5tation be5 !n und]/ood1 z x n[ is1 !re is no reason to believe t ^? =ms ( gov]nm5t1 n[ call$ mon>*ical or ari/ocratical1 w\ld ev] h tak5 place4 ,x 0 ! want ( "s me?od to consolidate ! p>ts ( society1 aft] x became too popul\s1 & too ext5sive = ! simple democratical =m1 & also ! lax & solit>y condition ( %eph]ds & h]dsm5 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 t af=d$ opportunities to ^? unnatural modes ( gov]nm5t to beg94 ,z x is necess>y to cle> away ! rubbi% ( errors1 into :i* ! subject ( gov]nm5t has be5 ?r[n1 ,i w proce$ to rem>k on "s o!rs4 ,x has always be5 ! political craft ( c\rti]s & c\rt-gov]nm5ts1 to abuse some?+ :i* !y call$ republicanism2 b :at republicanism 01 or is1 !y nev] attempt to expla94 ,let u exam9e a little into ?is case4 ,! only =ms ( gov]nm5t are ! democratical1 ! ari/ocratical1 ! mon>*ical1 & :at is n[ call$ ! repres5tative4 ,:at is call$ a republic is n any p>ticul> =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,x is :olly *>act]i/ical ( ! purport1 matt] or object = :i* gov]nm5t ought to be in/itut$1 & on :i* x is to be employ$1 ,res-,publica1 ! public affairs1 or ! public good2 or1 lit]ally translat$1 ! public ?+4 ,x is a ^w ( a good orig9al1 ref]r+ to :at ought to be ! "* & bus9ess ( gov]nm5t2 & 9 ?is s5se x is naturally oppos$ to ! ^w mon>*y1 :i* has a base orig9al signification4 ,x means arbitr>y p[] 9 an individual p]son2 9 ! ex]cise ( :i*1 himself1 & n ! res-publica1 is ! object4 ,e gov]nm5t t does n act on ! pr9ciple ( a ,republic1 or 9 o!r words1 t does n make ! res-publica its :ole & sole object1 is n a good gov]nm5t4 ,republican gov]nm5t is no o!r ?an gov]nm5t e/abli%$ & conduct$ = ! int]e/ ( ! public1 z well individually z collectively4 ,x is n necess>ily connect$ ) any p>ticul> =m1 b x mo/ naturally associates ) ! repres5tative =m1 z be+ be/ calculat$ to secure ! end = :i* a nation is at ! exp5se ( support+ x4 ,v>i\s =ms ( gov]nm5t h affect$ to /yle !mselves a republic4 ,pol& calls itself a republic1 :i* is an h]$it>y ari/ocracy1 ) :at is call$ an elective mon>*y4 ,holl& calls itself a republic1 :i* is *iefly ari/ocratical1 ) an h]$it>y /ad?old]%ip4 ,b ! gov]nm5t ( ,am]ica1 :i* is :olly on ! sy/em ( repres5tation1 is ! only real ,republic1 9 "* & 9 practice1 t n[ exi/s4 ,its gov]nm5t has no o!r object ?an ! public bus9ess ( ! nation1 & !re=e x is prop]ly a republic2 & ! ,am]icans h tak5 c>e t ,?is1 & no o!r1 %all always be ! object ( _! gov]nm5t1 by _! reject+ ev]y?+ h]$it>y1 & e/abli%+ gov]nm5ts on ! sy/em ( repres5tation only4 ,^? :o h said t a republic is n a =m ( gov]nm5t calculat$ = c\ntries ( great ext5t1 mi/ook1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! bus9ess ( a gov]nm5t1 = a =m ( gov]nm5t2 = ! res-publica equally app]ta9s to e ext5t ( t]ritory & population4 ,&1 9 ! second place1 if !y meant any?+ ) respect to =m1 x 0 ! simple democratical =m1 su* z 0 ! mode ( gov]nm5t 9 ! anci5t democracies1 9 :i* !re 0 no repres5tation4 ,! case1 !re=e1 is n1 t a republic _c be ext5sive1 b t x _c be ext5sive on ! simple democratical =m2 & ! "q naturally pres5ts itself1 ,:at is ! be/ =m ( gov]nm5t = conduct+ ! ,res-,publica1 or ! ,public ,bus9ess ( a nation1 aft] x becomes too ext5sive & popul\s = ! simple democratical =m8 ,x _c be mon>*y1 because mon>*y is subject to an objection ( ! same am\nt to :i* ! simple democratical =m 0 subject4 ,x is possible t an individual may lay d[n a sy/em ( pr9ciples1 on :i* gov]nm5t %all be con/itutionally e/abli%$ to any ext5t ( t]ritory4 ,?is is no m ?an an op]ation ( ! m9d1 act+ by its own p[]s4 ,b ! practice ^u ^? pr9ciples1 z apply+ to ! v>i\s & num]\s circum/ances ( a nation1 its agriculture1 manufacture1 trade1 comm]ce1 etc41 etc41 a k ( a diff]5t k9d1 & :i* c be _h only f ! v>i\s p>ts ( society4 ,x is an assemblage ( practical k1 :i* no individual c possess2 & !re=e ! mon>*ical =m is z mu* limit$1 9 useful practice1 f ! incompet5cy ( k1 z 0 ! democratical =m1 f ! multiplicity ( population4 ,! "o deg5]ates1 by ext5sion1 into confusion2 ! o!r1 into ignorance & incapacity1 ( :i* all ! great mon>*ies are an evid5ce4 ,! mon>*ical =m1 !re=e1 c\ld n be a sub/itute = ! democratical1 because x has equal inconv5i5ces4 ,mu* less c\ld x :5 made h]$it>y4 ,?is is ! mo/ effectual ( all =ms to preclude k4 ,nei!r c\ld ! high democratical m9d h volunt>ily yield$ itself to be gov]n$ by *ildr5 & idiots1 & all ! motley insignificance ( "*1 :i* att5ds su* a m]e animal sy/em1 ! disgrace & ! reproa* ( reason & ( man4 ,z to ! ari/ocratical =m1 x has ! same vices & defects ) ! mon>*ical1 except t ! *ance ( abilities is bett] f ! proportion ( numb]s1 b !re is /ill no security = ! "r use & application ( !m499#ag ,ref]r+ !m to ! orig9al simple democracy1 x af=ds ! true data f :i* gov]nm5t on a l>ge scale c beg94 ,x is incapable ( ext5sion1 n f its pr9ciple1 b f ! inconv5i5ce ( its =m2 & mon>*y & ari/ocracy1 f _! incapacity4 ,reta9+1 !n1 democracy z ! gr\nd1 & reject+ ! corrupt sy/ems ( mon>*y & ari/ocracy1 ! repres5tative sy/em naturally pres5ts itself2 rem$y+ at once ! defects ( ! simple democracy z to =m1 & ! incapacity ( ! o!r two ) respect to k4 ,simple democracy 0 society gov]n+ itself )\t ! aid ( second>y means4 ,by +raft+ repres5tation ^u democracy1 we arrive at a sy/em ( gov]nm5t capable ( embrac+ & conf$]at+ all ! v>i\s int]e/s & e ext5t ( t]ritory & population2 & t also ) advantages z mu* sup]ior to h]$it>y gov]nm5t1 z ! republic ( lett]s is to h]$it>y lit]ature4 ,x is on ?is sy/em t ! ,am]ican gov]nm5t is f\nd$4 ,x is repres5tation +raft$ ^u democracy4 ,x has fix$ ! =m by a scale p>allel 9 all cases to ! ext5t ( ! pr9ciple4 ,:at ,a!ns 0 9 m9iature ,am]ica w be 9 magnitude4 ,! "o 0 ! wond] ( ! anci5t _w2 ! o!r is becom+ ! admiration ( ! pres5t4 ,x is ! easie/ ( all ! =ms ( gov]nm5t to be und]/ood & ! mo/ eligible 9 practice2 & excludes at once ! ignorance & insecurity ( ! h]$it>y mode1 & ! inconv5i5ce ( ! simple democracy4 ,x is impossible to conceive a sy/em ( gov]nm5t capable ( act+ ov] su* an ext5t ( t]ritory1 & su* a circle ( int]e/s1 z is imm$iately produc$ by ! op]ation ( repres5tation4 ,france1 great & popul\s z x is1 is b a spot 9 ! capaci\sness ( ! sy/em4 ,x is pref]able to simple democracy ev5 9 small t]ritories4 ,a!ns1 by repres5tation1 w\ld h outrivall$ h] own democracy4 ,t :i* is call$ gov]nm5t1 or r t :i* we ought to conceive gov]nm5t to be1 is no m ?an "s common c5t] 9 :i* all ! p>ts ( society unite4 ,?is _c be accompli%$ by any me?od s conducive to ! v>i\s int]e/s ( ! community1 z by ! repres5tative sy/em4 ,x conc5trates ! k necess>y to ! int]e/ ( ! p>ts1 & ( ! :ole4 ,x places gov]nm5t 9 a /ate ( con/ant maturity4 ,x is1 z has already be5 obs]v$1 nev] "y1 nev] old4 ,x is subject nei!r to nonage1 nor dotage4 ,x is nev] 9 ! cradle1 nor on crut*es4 ,x admits n ( a sep>ation betwe5 k & p[]1 & is sup]ior1 z gov]nm5t always ought to be1 to all ! accid5ts ( individual man1 & is !re=e sup]ior to :at is call$ mon>*y4 ,a nation is n a body1 ! figure ( :i* is to be repres5t$ by ! human body2 b is l a body conta9$ )9 a circle1 hav+ a common c5t]1 9 :i* e radius meets2 & t c5t] is =m$ by repres5tation4 ,to connect repres5tation ) :at is call$ mon>*y1 is ecc5tric gov]nm5t4 ,repres5tation is ( itself ! delegat$ mon>*y ( a nation1 & _c debase itself by divid+ x ) ano!r4 ,mr4 ,burke has two or ?ree times1 9 8 p>liam5t>y spee*es1 & 9 8 publications1 made use ( a j+le ( words t convey no ideas4 ,speak+ ( gov]nm5t1 he says1 ,x is bett] to h mon>*y = its basis1 & republicanism = its corrective1 ?an republicanism = its basis1 & mon>*y = its corrective4--,if he means t x is bett] to correct folly ) wisdom1 ?an wisdom ) folly1 ,i w no o!rwise cont5d ) him1 ?an t x w\ld be mu* bett] to reject ! folly entirely4 ,b :at is ?is ?+ :i* ,mr4 ,burke calls mon>*y8 ,w he expla9 x8 ,all m5 c und]/& :at repres5tation is2 & t x mu/ necess>ily include a v>iety ( k & tal5ts4 ,b :at security is !re = ! same qualities on ! "p ( mon>*y8 or1 :5 ! mon>*y is a *ild1 :]e !n is ! wisdom8 ,:at does x "k ab\t gov]nm5t8 ,:o !n is ! mon>*1 or :]e is ! mon>*y8 ,if x is to be p]=m$ by reg5cy1 x proves to be a f>ce4 ,a reg5cy is a mock species ( republic1 & ! :ole ( mon>*y des]ves no bett] description4 ,x is a ?+ z v>i\s z imag9ation c pa9t4 ,x has none ( ! /able "* t gov]nm5t ought to possess4 ,e succession is a revolution1 & e reg5cy a c\nt]-revolution4 ,! :ole ( x is a sc5e ( p]petual c\rt cabal & intrigue1 ( :i* ,mr4 ,burke is himself an in/ance4 ,to r5d] mon>*y consi/5t ) gov]nm5t1 ! next 9 succession %\ld n be born a *ild1 b a man at once1 & t man a ,solomon4 ,x is ridicul\s t nations are to wait & gov]nm5t be int]rupt$ till boys gr[ to be m54 ,:e!r ,i h too little s5se to see1 or too mu* to be impos$ ^u2 :e!r ,i h too mu* or too little pride1 or ( any?+ else1 ,i leave out ( ! "q2 b c]ta9 x is1 t :at is call$ mon>*y1 always appe>s to me a silly1 contemptible ?+4 ,i comp>e x to some?+ kept beh9d a curta91 ab\t :i* !re is a great deal ( bu/le & fuss1 & a wond]ful air ( seem+ solemnity2 b :51 by any accid5t1 ! curta9 happ5s to be op5--& ! company see :at x is1 !y bur/ into laught]4 ,9 ! repres5tative sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 no?+ ( ?is c happ54 ,l ! nation itself1 x possesses a p]petual /am9a1 z well ( body z ( m9d1 & pres5ts itself on ! op5 !atre ( ! _w 9 a fair & manly mann]4 ,:atev] are its excell5ces or defects1 !y are visible to all4 ,x exi/s n by fraud & my/]y2 x deals n 9 cant & sophi/ry2 b inspires a language t1 pass+ f he>t to he>t1 is felt & und]/ood4 ,we mu/ %ut our eyes aga9/ reason1 we mu/ basely degrade our und]/&+1 n to see ! folly ( :at is call$ mon>*y4 ,nature is ord]ly 9 all h] works2 b ?is is a mode ( gov]nm5t t c\nt]acts nature4 ,x turns ! progress ( ! human faculties upside d[n4 ,x subjects age to be gov]n$ by *ildr51 & wisdom by folly4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! repres5tative sy/em is always p>allel ) ! ord] & immutable laws ( nature1 & meets ! reason ( man 9 e "p4 ,= example3 ,9 ! ,am]ican ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 m p[] is delegat$ to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an to any o!r individual memb] ( ,congress4 ,he _c1 !re=e1 be elect$ to ?is (fice "u ! age ( ?irty-five ye>s4 ,by ?is "t ! judgm5t ( man becomes m matur$1 & he has liv$ long en\gh to be acqua9t$ ) m5 & ?+s1 & ! c\ntry ) him4--,b on ! mon>*ial plan 7exclusive ( ! num]\s *ances !re are aga9/ e man born into ! _w1 ( draw+ a prize 9 ! lott]y ( human faculties71 ! next 9 succession1 :atev] he may be1 is put at ! head ( a nation1 & ( a gov]nm5t1 at ! age ( eighte5 ye>s4 ,does ?is appe> l an action ( wisdom8 ,is x consi/5t ) ! prop] dignity & ! manly "* ( a nation8 ,:]e is ! propriety ( call+ su* a lad ! fa!r ( ! p8--,9 all o!r cases1 a p]son is a m9or until ! age ( tw5ty-"o ye>s4 ,be=e ?is p]iod1 he is n tru/$ ) ! managem5t ( an acre ( l&1 or ) ! h]itable prop]ty ( a flock ( %eep1 or an h]d ( sw9e2 b1 wond]ful to tell6 he may1 at ! age ( eighte5 ye>s1 be tru/$ ) a nation4 ,t mon>*y is all a bubble1 a m]e c\rt artifice to procure money1 is evid5t 7at lea/ to me7 9 e "* 9 :i* x c be view$4 ,x w\ld be impossible1 on ! rational sy/em ( repres5tative gov]nm5t1 to make out a bill ( exp5ses to su* an enorm\s am\nt z ?is deception admits4 ,gov]nm5t is n ( itself a v *>geable in/itution4 ,! :ole exp5se ( ! f$]al gov]nm5t ( ,am]ica1 f\nd$1 z ,i h already said1 on ! sy/em ( repres5tation1 & ext5d+ ov] a c\ntry ne>ly t5 times z l>ge z ,engl&1 is b six hundr$ ?\s& doll>s1 or "o hundr$ & ?irty-five ?\s& p\nds /]l+4 ,i presume t no man 9 8 sob] s5ses w comp>e ! "* ( any ( ! k+s ( ,europe ) t ( ,g5]al ,wa%+ton4 ,yet1 9 ,france1 & also 9 ,engl&1 ! exp5se ( ! civil li/ only1 = ! support ( "o man1 is eight times great] ?an ! :ole exp5se ( ! f$]al gov]nm5t 9 ,am]ica4 ,to assign a reason = ?is1 appe>s almo/ impossible4 ,! g5]ality ( p 9 ,am]ica1 especially ! poor1 are m able to pay taxes1 ?an ! g5]ality ( p ei!r 9 ,france or ,engl&4 ,b ! case is1 t ! repres5tative sy/em diffuses su* a body ( k ?r\gh\t a nation1 on ! subject ( gov]nm5t1 z to explode ignorance & preclude imposition4 ,! craft ( c\rts _c be act$ on t gr\nd4 ,!re is no place = my/]y2 n[h]e = x to beg94 ,^? :o are n 9 ! repres5tation1 "k z mu* ( ! nature ( bus9ess z ^? :o are4 ,an affectation ( my/]i\s importance w\ld !re be sc\t$4 ,nations c h no secrets2 & ! secrets ( c\rts1 l ^? ( individuals1 are always _! defects4 ,9 ! repres5tative sy/em1 ! reason = ev]y?+ mu/ publicly appe>4 ,e man is a proprietor 9 gov]nm5t1 & consid]s x a necess>y "p ( 8 bus9ess to und]/&4 ,x conc]ns 8 int]e/1 because x affects 8 prop]ty4 ,he exam9es ! co/1 & comp>es x ) ! advantages2 & above all1 he does n adopt ! slavi% cu/om ( foll[+ :at 9 o!r gov]nm5ts are call$ ,lead]s4 ,x c only be by bl9d+ ! und]/&+ ( man1 & mak+ him believe t gov]nm5t is "s wond]ful my/]i\s ?+1 t excessive rev5ues are obta9$4 ,mon>*y is well calculat$ to ensure ?is end4 ,x is ! pop]y ( gov]nm5t2 a ?+ kept up to amuse ! ignorant1 & quiet !m into taxes4 ,! gov]nm5t ( a free c\ntry1 prop]ly speak+1 is n 9 ! p]sons1 b 9 ! laws4 ,! enact+ ( ^? requires no great exp5se2 & :5 !y are adm9i/]$1 ! :ole ( civil gov]nm5t is p]=m$--! re/ is all c\rt contrivance4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,( ,,con/itutions ,t m5 mean di/9ct & sep>ate ?+s :5 !y speak ( con/itutions & ( gov]nm5ts1 is evid5t2 or :y are ^? t]ms di/9ctly & sep>ately us$8 ,a con/itution is n ! act ( a gov]nm5t1 b ( a p con/itut+ a gov]nm5t2 & gov]nm5t )\t a con/itution1 is p[] )\t a "r4 ,all p[] ex]cis$ ov] a nation1 mu/ h "s beg9n+4 ,x mu/ ei!r be delegat$ or assum$4 ,!re are no o!r s\rces4 ,all delegat$ p[] is tru/1 & all assum$ p[] is usurpation4 ,"t does n alt] ! nature & quality ( ei!r4 ,9 view+ ?is subject1 ! case & circum/ances ( ,am]ica pres5t !mselves z 9 ! beg9n+ ( a _w2 & our enquiry into ! orig9 ( gov]nm5t is %ort5$1 by ref]r+ to ! facts t h aris5 9 our own day4 ,we h no occasion to roam = in=mation into ! obscure field ( antiquity1 nor haz>d ourselves ^u conjecture4 ,we are br\ght at once to ! po9t ( see+ gov]nm5t beg91 z if we _h liv$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( "t4 ,! real volume1 n ( hi/ory1 b ( facts1 is directly be=e u1 unmutilat$ by contrivance1 or ! errors ( tradition4 ,i w "h concisely /ate ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,am]ican con/itutions2 by :i* ! diff]5ce betwe5 con/itutions & gov]nm5ts w suffici5tly appe>4 ,x may n appe> improp] to rem9d ! read] t ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica consi/ ( ?irte5 sep>ate /ates1 ea* ( :i* e/abli%$ a gov]nm5t = itself1 aft] ! decl>ation ( indep5d5ce1 done ! #d? ( ,july1 #aggf4 ,ea* /ate act$ indep5d5tly ( ! re/1 9 =m+ its gov]nm5ts2 b ! same g5]al pr9ciple p]vades ! :ole4 ,:5 ! sev]al /ate gov]nm5ts 7 =m$1 !y proce$$ to =m ! f$]al gov]nm5t1 t acts ov] ! :ole 9 all matt]s :i* conc]n ! int]e/ ( ! :ole1 or :i* relate to ! int]c\rse ( ! sev]al /ates ) ea* o!r1 or ) =eign nations4 ,i w beg9 ) giv+ an in/ance f "o ( ! /ate gov]nm5ts 7t ( ,p5nsylvania7 & !n proce$ to ! f$]al gov]nm5t4 ,! /ate ( ,p5nsylvania1 ?\gh ne>ly ( ! same ext5t ( t]ritory z ,engl&1 0 !n divid$ into only twelve c\nties4 ,ea* ( ^? c\nties _h elect$ a committee at ! comm5cem5t ( ! dispute ) ! ,engli% gov]nm5t2 & z ! city ( ,philadelphia1 :i* also _h its committee1 0 ! mo/ c5tral = intellig5ce1 x became ! c5t] ( communication to ! sev]al c\ntry committees4 ,:5 x became necess>y to proce$ to ! =mation ( a gov]nm5t1 ! committee ( ,philadelphia propos$ a conf]5ce ( all ! committees1 to be held 9 t city1 & :i* met ! latt] end ( ,july1 #aggf4 ,?\gh ^! committees _h be5 duly elect$ by ! p1 !y 7 n elect$ expressly = ! purpose1 nor inve/$ ) ! au?ority ( =m+ a con/itution2 & z !y c\ld n1 consi/5tly ) ! ,am]ican idea ( rights1 assume su* a p[]1 !y c\ld only conf] ^u ! matt]1 & put x into a tra9 ( op]ation4 ,! conf]ees1 !re=e1 did no m ?an /ate ! case1 & recomm5d to ! sev]al c\nties to elect six repres5tatives = ea* c\nty1 to meet 9 conv5tion at ,philadelphia1 ) p[]s to =m a con/itution1 & propose x = public consid]ation4 ,?is conv5tion1 ( :i* ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 0 presid5t1 hav+ met & delib]at$1 & agre$ ^u a con/itution1 !y next ord]$ x to be publi%$1 n z a ?+ e/abli%$1 b = ! consid]ation ( ! :ole p1 _! approbation or rejection1 & !n adj\rn$ to a /at$ "t4 ,:5 ! "t ( adj\rnm5t 0 expir$1 ! conv5tion re-assembl$2 & z ! g5]al op9ion ( ! p 9 approbation ( x 0 !n kn[n1 ! con/itution 0 sign$1 seal$1 & proclaim$ on ! au?ority ( ! p & ! orig9al in/rum5t deposit$ z a public record4 ,! conv5tion !n appo9t$ a day = ! g5]al election ( ! repres5tatives :o 7 to compose ! gov]nm5t1 & ! "t x %\ld comm5ce2 & hav+ done ?is !y dissolv$1 & return$ to _! sev]al homes & occupations4 ,9 ?is con/itution 7 laid d[n1 fir/1 a decl>ation ( rights2 !n foll[$ ! =m :i* ! gov]nm5t %\ld h1 & ! p[]s x %\ld possess--! au?ority ( ! c\rts ( judicature1 & ( juries--! mann] 9 :i* elections %\ld be conduct$1 & ! proportion ( repres5tatives to ! numb] ( electors--! "t :i* ea* succe$+ assembly %\ld cont9ue1 :i* 0 "o ye>--! mode ( levy+1 & ( acc\nt+ = ! exp5diture1 ( public money--( appo9t+ public (fic]s1 etc41 etc41 etc4 ,no article ( ?is con/itution c\ld be alt]$ or infr+$ at ! discretion ( ! gov]nm5t t 0 to ensue4 ,x 0 to t gov]nm5t a law4 ,b z x w\ld h be5 unwise to preclude ! b5efit ( exp]i5ce1 & 9 ord] also to prev5t ! accumulation ( errors1 if any %\ld be f\nd1 & to pres]ve an unison ( gov]nm5t ) ! circum/ances ( ! /ate at all times1 ! con/itution provid$ t1 at ! expiration ( e sev5 ye>s1 a conv5tion %\ld be elect$1 = ! express purpose ( revis+ ! con/itution1 & mak+ alt]ations1 additions1 or abolitions !re91 if any su* %\ld be f\nd necess>y4 ,"h we see a regul> process--a gov]nm5t issu+ out ( a con/itution1 =m$ by ! p 9 _! orig9al "*2 & t con/itution s]v+1 n only z an au?ority1 b z a law ( control to ! gov]nm5t4 ,x 0 ! political bible ( ! /ate4 ,sc>cely a family 0 )\t x4 ,e memb] ( ! gov]nm5t _h a copy2 & no?+ 0 m common1 :5 any debate arose on ! pr9ciple ( a bill1 or on ! ext5t ( any species ( au?ority1 ?an = ! memb]s to take ! pr9t$ con/itution out ( _! pocket1 & read ! *apt] ) :i* su* matt] 9 debate 0 connect$4 ,hav+ ?us giv5 an in/ance f "o ( ! /ates1 ,i w %[ ! proce$+s by :i* ! f$]al con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates arose & 0 =m$4 ,congress1 at its two fir/ meet+s1 9 ,septemb] #aggd1 & ,may #agge1 0 no?+ m ?an a deputation f ! legislatures ( ! sev]al prov9ces1 aft]w>ds /ates2 & _h no o!r au?ority ?an :at arose f common cons5t1 & ! necessity ( its act+ z a public body4 ,9 ev]y?+ :i* relat$ to ! int]nal affairs ( ,am]ica1 congress w5t no fur!r ?an to issue recomm5dations to ! sev]al prov9cial assemblies1 :o at discretion adopt$ !m or n4 ,no?+ on ! "p ( congress 0 compulsive2 yet1 9 ?is situation1 x 0 m fai?fully & affectionately obey$ ?an 0 any gov]nm5t 9 ,europe4 ,?is in/ance1 l t ( ! national assembly 9 ,france1 suffici5tly %[s1 t ! /r5g? ( gov]nm5t does n consi/ 9 any ?+ itself1 b 9 ! atta*m5t ( a nation1 & ! int]e/ :i* a p feel 9 support+ x4 ,:5 ?is is lo/1 gov]nm5t is b a *ild 9 p[]2 & ?\gh1 l ! old gov]nm5t 9 ,france1 x may h>ass individuals = a :ile1 x b facilitates its own fall4 ,aft] ! decl>ation ( indep5d5ce1 x became consi/5t ) ! pr9ciple on :i* repres5tative gov]nm5t is f\nd$1 t ! au?ority ( congress %\ld be def9$ & e/abli%$4 ,:e!r t au?ority %\ld be m or less ?an congress !n discretion>ily ex]cis$ 0 n ! "q4 ,x 0 m]ely ! rectitude ( ! measure4 ,= ?is purpose1 ! act1 call$ ! act ( conf$]ation 7:i* 0 a sort ( imp]fect f$]al con/itution71 0 propos$1 &1 aft] long delib]ation1 0 conclud$ 9 ! ye> #agha4 ,x 0 n ! act ( congress1 because x is repugnant to ! pr9ciples ( repres5tative gov]nm5t t a body %\ld give p[] to itself4 ,congress fir/ in=m$ ! sev]al /ates1 ( ! p[]s :i* x conceiv$ 7 necess>y to be inve/$ 9 ! union1 to enable x to p]=m ! duties & s]vices requir$ f x2 & ! /ates sev]ally agre$ ) ea* o!r1 & conc5trat$ 9 congress ^? p[]s4 ,x may n be improp] to obs]ve t 9 bo? ^? in/ances 7! "o ( ,p5nsylvania1 & ! o!r ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates71 !re is no su* ?+ z ! idea ( a compact betwe5 ! p on "o side1 & ! gov]nm5t on ! o!r4 ,! compact 0 t ( ! p ) ea* o!r1 to produce & con/itute a gov]nm5t4 ,to suppose t any gov]nm5t c be a p>ty 9 a compact ) ! :ole p1 is to suppose x to h exi/5ce be=e x c h a "r to exi/4 ,! only in/ance 9 :i* a compact c take place betwe5 ! p & ^? :o ex]cise ! gov]nm5t1 is1 t ! p %all pay !m1 :ile !y *oose to employ !m4 ,gov]nm5t is n a trade :i* any man1 or any body ( m51 has a "r to set up & ex]cise = 8 own emolum5t1 b is altoge!r a tru/1 9 "r ( ^? by :om t tru/ is delegat$1 & by :om x is always resumeable4 ,x has ( itself no rights2 !y are altoge!r duties4 ,hav+ ?us giv5 two in/ances ( ! orig9al =mation ( a con/itution1 ,i w %[ ! mann] 9 :i* bo? h be5 *ang$ s9ce _! fir/ e/abli%m5t4 ,! p[]s ve/$ 9 ! gov]nm5ts ( ! sev]al /ates1 by ! /ate con/itutions1 7 f\nd1 ^u exp]i5ce1 to be too great2 & ^? ve/$ 9 ! f$]al gov]nm5t1 by ! act ( conf$]ation1 too little4 ,! defect 0 n 9 ! pr9ciple1 b 9 ! di/ribution ( p[]4 ,num]\s publications1 9 pamphlets & 9 ! newspap]s1 appe>$1 on ! propriety & necessity ( new modell+ ! f$]al gov]nm5t4 ,aft] "s "t ( public discussion1 c>ri$ on ?r\gh ! *annel ( ! press1 & 9 conv]sations1 ! /ate ( ,virg9ia1 exp]i5c+ "s inconv5i5ce ) respect to comm]ce1 propos$ hold+ a cont95tal conf]5ce2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 a deputation f five or six /ate assemblies met at ,annapolis1 9 ,m>yl&1 9 #aghf4 ,?is meet+1 n conceiv+ itself suffici5tly au?oris$ to g into ! bus9ess ( a re=m1 did no m ?an /ate _! g5]al op9ions ( ! propriety ( ! measure1 & recomm5d t a conv5tion ( all ! /ates %\ld be held ! ye> foll[+4 ,! conv5tion met at ,philadelphia 9 ,may1 #aghg1 ( :i* ,g5]al ,wa%+ton 0 elect$ presid5t4 ,he 0 n at t "t connect$ ) any ( ! /ate gov]nm5ts1 or ) congress4 ,he deliv]$ up 8 commission :5 ! w> end$1 & s9ce !n _h liv$ a private citiz54 ,! conv5tion w5t deeply into all ! subjects2 & hav+1 aft] a v>iety ( debate & inve/igation1 agre$ among !mselves ^u ! sev]al p>ts ( a f$]al con/itution1 ! next "q 01 ! mann] ( giv+ x au?ority & practice4 ,= ?is purpose !y did n1 l a cabal ( c\rti]s1 s5d = a ,dut* ,/ad?old]1 or a ,g]man ,elector2 b !y ref]r$ ! :ole matt] to ! s5se & int]e/ ( ! c\ntry4 ,!y fir/ direct$ t ! propos$ con/itution %\ld be publi%$4 ,secondly1 t ea* /ate %\ld elect a conv5tion1 expressly = ! purpose ( tak+ x into consid]ation1 & ( ratify+ or reject+ x2 & t z soon z ! approbation & ratification ( any n9e /ates %\ld be giv51 t ^? /ates %all proce$ to ! election ( _! proportion ( memb]s to ! new f$]al gov]nm5t2 & t ! op]ation ( x %\ld !n beg91 & ! =m] f$]al gov]nm5t cease4 ,! sev]al /ates proce$$ accord+ly to elect _! conv5tions4 ,"s ( ^? conv5tions ratifi$ ! con/itution by v l>ge majorities1 & two or ?ree unanim\sly4 ,9 o!rs !re 7 mu* debate & division ( op9ion4 ,9 ! ,massa*usetts conv5tion1 :i* met at ,bo/on1 ! majority 0 n above n9ete5 or tw5ty1 9 ab\t ?ree hundr$ memb]s2 b su* is ! nature ( repres5tative gov]nm5t1 t x quietly decides all matt]s by majority4 ,aft] ! debate 9 ! ,massa*usetts conv5tion 0 clos$1 & ! vote tak51 ! object+ memb]s rose & decl>$1 ,t ?\gh !y _h argu$ & vot$ aga9/ x1 because c]ta9 p>ts appe>$ to !m 9 a diff]5t light to :at !y appe>$ to o!r memb]s2 yet1 z ! vote _h decid$ 9 fav\r ( ! con/itution z propos$1 !y %\ld give x ! same practical support z if !y _h = x4 ,z soon z n9e /ates _h concurr$ 7& ! re/ foll[$ 9 ! ord] _! conv5tions 7 elect$71 ! old fabric ( ! f$]al gov]nm5t 0 tak5 d[n1 & ! new "o erect$1 ( :i* ,g5]al ,wa%+ton is presid5t4--,9 ?is place ,i _c help rem>k+1 t ! "* & s]vices ( ?is g5tleman are suffici5t to put all ^? m5 call$ k+s to %ame4 ,:ile !y are receiv+ f ! sweat & lab\rs ( mank9d1 a prodigality ( pay1 to :i* nei!r _! abilities nor _! s]vices c entitle !m1 he is r5d]+ e s]vice 9 8 p[]1 & refus+ e pecuni>y rew>d4 ,he accept$ no pay z comm&]-9-*ief2 he accepts none z presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,aft] ! new f$]al con/itution 0 e/abli%$1 ! /ate ( ,p5nsylvania1 conceiv+ t "s p>ts ( its own con/itution requir$ to be alt]$1 elect$ a conv5tion = t purpose4 ,! propos$ alt]ations 7 publi%$1 & ! p concurr+ !re91 !y 7 e/abli%$4 ,9 =m+ ^? con/itutions1 or 9 alt]+ !m1 little or no inconv5i5ce took place4 ,! ord9>y c\rse ( ?+s 0 n int]rupt$1 & ! advantages h be5 mu*4 ,x is always ! int]e/ ( a f> great] numb] ( p 9 a nation to h ?+s "r1 ?an to let !m rema9 wrong2 & :5 public matt]s are op5 to debate1 & ! public judgm5t free1 x w n decide wrong1 unless x decides too ha/ily4 ,9 ! two in/ances ( *ang+ ! con/itutions1 ! gov]nm5ts !n 9 be+ 7 n actors ei!r way4 ,gov]nm5t has no "r to make itself a p>ty 9 any debate respect+ ! pr9ciples or modes ( =m+1 or ( *ang+1 con/itutions4 ,x is n = ! b5efit ( ^? :o ex]cise ! p[]s ( gov]nm5t t con/itutions1 & ! gov]nm5ts issu+ f !m1 are e/abli%$4 ,9 all ^? matt]s ! "r ( judg+ & act+ are 9 ^? :o pay1 & n 9 ^? :o receive4 ,a con/itution is ! prop]ty ( a nation1 & n ( ^? :o ex]cise ! gov]nm5t4 ,all ! con/itutions ( ,am]ica are decl>$ to be e/abli%$ on ! au?ority ( ! p4 ,9 ,france1 ! ^w nation is us$ in/ead ( ! p2 b 9 bo? cases1 a con/itution is a ?+ antec$5t to ! gov]nm5t1 & always di/9ct !re f4 ,9 ,engl& x is n difficult to p]ceive t ev]y?+ has a con/itution1 except ! nation4 ,e society & association t is e/abli%$1 fir/ agre$ ^u a numb] ( orig9al articles1 dige/$ into =m1 :i* are its con/itution4 ,x !n appo9t$ its (fic]s1 ^: p[]s & au?orities are describ$ 9 t con/itution1 & ! gov]nm5t ( t society !n comm5c$4 ,^? (fic]s1 by :atev] "n !y are call$1 h no au?ority to add to1 alt]1 or abridge ! orig9al articles4 ,x is only to ! con/itut+ p[] t ?is "r belongs4 ,f ! want ( und]/&+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 a con/itution & a gov]nm5t1 ,dr4 ,johnson1 & all writ]s ( 8 description1 h always bewild]$ !mselves4 ,!y c\ld n b p]ceive1 t !re mu/ necess>ily be a controll+ p[] exi/+ some:]e1 & !y plac$ ?is p[] 9 ! discretion ( ! p]sons ex]cis+ ! gov]nm5t1 in/ead ( plac+ x 9 a con/itution =m$ by ! nation4 ,:5 x is 9 a con/itution1 x has ! nation = its support1 & ! natural & ! political controll+ p[]s are toge!r4 ,! laws :i* are enact$ by gov]nm5ts1 control m5 only z individuals1 b ! nation1 ?r\gh its con/itution1 controls ! :ole gov]nm5t1 & has a natural ability to d s4 ,! f9al controll+ p[]1 !re=e1 & ! orig9al con/itut+ p[]1 are "o & ! same p[]4 ,dr4 ,johnson c\ld n h advanc$ su* a position 9 any c\ntry :]e !re 0 a con/itution2 & he is himself an evid5ce t no su* ?+ z a con/itution exi/s 9 ,engl&4 ,b x may be put z a "q1 n improp] to be inve/igat$1 t if a con/itution does n exi/1 h[ came ! idea ( its exi/5ce s g5]ally e/abli%$8 ,9 ord] to decide ?is "q1 x is necess>y to consid] a con/itution 9 bo? its cases3--,fir/1 z creat+ a gov]nm5t & giv+ x p[]s4 ,secondly1 z regulat+ & re/ra9+ ! p[]s s giv54 ,if we beg9 ) ,william ( ,norm&y1 we f9d t ! gov]nm5t ( ,engl& 0 orig9ally a tyranny1 f\nd$ on an invasion & conque/ ( ! c\ntry4 ,?is be+ admitt$1 x w !n appe>1 t ! ex]tion ( ! nation1 at diff]5t p]iods1 to abate t tyranny1 & r5d] x less intol]able1 has be5 cr$it$ = a con/itution4 ,magna ,*>ta1 z x 0 call$ 7x is n[ l an almanack ( ! same date71 0 no m ?an compell+ ! gov]nm5t to r5\nce a "p ( its assumptions4 ,x did n create & give p[]s to gov]nm5t 9 a mann] a con/itution does2 b 01 z f> z x w5t1 ( ! nature ( a re-conque/1 & n a con/itution2 = c\ld ! nation h totally expell$ ! usurpation1 z ,france has done its despotism1 x w\ld !n h _h a con/itution to =m4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,edw>ds & ! ,h5ries1 & up to ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,/u>ts1 exhibits z _m in/ances ( tyranny z c\ld be act$ )9 ! limits to :i* ! nation _h re/rict$ x4 ,! ,/u>ts endeav\r$ to pass ^? limits1 & _! fate is well kn[n4 ,9 all ^? in/ances we see no?+ ( a con/itution1 b only ( re/rictions on assum$ p[]4 ,aft] ?is1 ano!r ,william1 desc5d$ f ! same /ock1 & claim+ f ! same orig91 ga9$ possession2 & ( ! two evils1 ,james & ,william1 ! nation pref]r$ :at x ?\ght ! lea/2 s9ce1 f circum/ances1 x mu/ take "o4 ,! act1 call$ ! ,bill ( ,rights1 comes "h into view4 ,:at is x1 b a b>ga91 :i* ! p>ts ( ! gov]nm5t made ) ea* o!r to divide p[]s1 pr(its1 & privileges8 ,y %all h s mu*1 & ,i w h ! re/2 & ) respect to ! nation1 x said1 = y\r %>e1 ,y %all h ! "r ( petition+4 ,?is be+ ! case1 ! bill ( rights is m prop]ly a bill ( wrongs1 & ( insult4 ,z to :at is call$ ! conv5tion p>liam5t1 x 0 a ?+ t made itself1 & !n made ! au?ority by :i* x act$4 ,a few p]sons got toge!r1 & call$ !mselves by t "n4 ,sev]al ( !m _h nev] be5 elect$1 & none ( !m = ! purpose4 ,f ! "t ( ,william a species ( gov]nm5t arose1 issu+ out ( ?is coalition bill ( rights2 & m s1 s9ce ! corruption introduc$ at ! ,hanov] succession by ! ag5cy ( ,walpole2 t c be describ$ by no o!r "n ?an a despotic legislation4 ,?\gh ! p>ts may emb>rass ea* o!r1 ! :ole has no b\nds2 & ! only "r x ackn[l$ges out ( itself1 is ! "r ( petition+4 ,:]e !n is ! con/itution ei!r t gives or re/ra9s p[]8 ,x is n because a "p ( ! gov]nm5t is elective1 t makes x less a despotism1 if ! p]sons s elect$ possess aft]w>ds1 z a p>liam5t1 unlimit$ p[]s4 ,election1 9 ?is case1 becomes sep>at$ f repres5tation1 & ! c&idates are c&idates = despotism4 ,i _c believe t any nation1 reason+ on its own rights1 w\ld h ?\ght ( call+ ^! ?+s a con/itution1 if ! cry ( con/itution _h n be5 set up by ! gov]nm5t4 ,x has got into circulation l ! words bore & quoz quiz1 by be+ *alk$ up 9 ! spee*es ( p>liam5t1 z ^? words 7 on w9d[ %utt]s & doorpo/s2 b :atev] ! con/itution may be 9 o!r respects1 x has und\bt$ly be5 ! mo/ productive ma*9e ( taxation t 0 ev] inv5t$4 ,! taxes 9 ,france1 "u ! new con/itution1 are n q ?irte5 %ill+s p] head199#ah & ! taxes 9 ,engl&1 "u :at is call$ its pres5t con/itution1 are =ty-eight %ill+s & sixp5ce p] head--m51 wom51 & *ildr5--am\nt+ to ne>ly sev5te5 millions /]l+1 besides ! exp5se ( collect+1 :i* is upw>ds ( a million m4 ,9 a c\ntry l ,engl&1 :]e ! :ole ( ! civil ,gov]nm5t is execut$ by ! p ( e t[n & c\nty1 by means ( p>i% (fic]s1 magi/rates1 qu>t]ly sessions1 juries1 & assize2 )\t any tr\ble to :at is call$ ! gov]nm5t or any o!r exp5se to ! rev5ue ?an ! sal>y ( ! judges1 x is a/oni%+ h[ su* a mass ( taxes c be employ$4 ,n ev5 ! int]nal def5ce ( ! c\ntry is paid out ( ! rev5ue4 ,on all occasions1 :e!r real or contriv$1 rec\rse is cont9ually _h to new loans & new taxes4 ,no wond]1 !n1 t a ma*9e ( gov]nm5t s advantage\s to ! advocates ( a c\rt1 %\ld be s triumphantly extoll$6 ,no wond]1 t ,/4 ,james's or ,/4 ,/eph5's %\ld e*o ) ! cont9ual cry ( con/itution2 no wond]1 t ! ,fr5* revolution %\ld be reprobat$1 & ! res-publica treat$ ) reproa*6 ,! r$ book ( ,engl&1 l ! r$ book ( ,france1 w expla9 ! reason499#ai ,i w n[1 by way ( relaxation1 turn a ?\ght or two to ,mr4 ,burke4 ,i ask 8 p>don = neglect+ him s long4 ,am]ica1 says he 79 8 spee* on ! ,canada ,con/itution bill71 nev] dream$ ( su* absurd doctr9e z ! ,rights ( ,man4 ,mr4 ,burke is su* a bold presum]1 & advances 8 ass]tions & 8 premises ) su* a defici5cy ( judgm5t1 t1 )\t tr\bl+ ourselves ab\t pr9ciples ( philosophy or politics1 ! m]e logical conclusions !y produce1 are ridicul\s4 ,= in/ance1 ,if gov]nm5ts1 z ,mr4 ,burke ass]ts1 are n f\nd$ on ! ,rights ( ,man1 & are f\nd$ on any rights at all1 !y consequ5tly mu/ be f\nd$ on ! "r ( some?+ t is n man4 ,:at !n is t some?+8 ,g5]ally speak+1 we "k ( no o!r creatures t inhabit ! e>? ?an man & bea/2 & 9 all cases1 :]e only two ?+s (f] !mselves1 & "o mu/ be admitt$1 a negation prov$ on any "o1 am\nts to an affirmative on ! o!r2 & !re=e1 ,mr4 ,burke1 by prov+ aga9/ ! ,rights ( ,man1 proves 9 behalf ( ! bea/2 & consequ5tly1 proves t gov]nm5t is a bea/2 & z difficult ?+s sometimes expla9 ea* o!r1 we n[ see ! orig9 ( keep+ wild bea/s 9 ! ,t[]2 = !y c]ta9ly c be ( no o!r use ?an to %[ ! orig9 ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,!y are 9 ! place ( a con/itution4 ,o ,john ,bull1 :at hon\rs ?\ ha/ lo/ by n be+ a wild bea/4 ,?\ mighte/1 on ,mr4 ,burke's sy/em1 h be5 9 ! ,t[] = life4 ,if ,mr4 ,burke's argum5ts h n weight en\gh to keep "o s]i\s1 ! fault is less m9e ?an 82 & z ,i am will+ to make an apology to ! read] = ! lib]ty ,i h tak51 ,i hope ,mr4 ,burke w also make 8 = giv+ ! cause4 ,hav+ ?us paid ,mr4 ,burke ! complim5t ( rememb]+ him1 ,i return to ! subject4 ,f ! want ( a con/itution 9 ,engl& to re/ra9 & regulate ! wild impulse ( p[]1 _m ( ! laws are irrational & tyrannical1 & ! adm9i/ration ( !m vague & problematical4 ,! att5tion ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,engl& 7= ,i r *oose to call x by ?is "n ?an ! ,engli% gov]nm5t7 appe>s1 s9ce its political connection ) ,g]many1 to h be5 s completely engross$ & absorb$ by =eign affairs1 & ! means ( rais+ taxes1 t x seems to exi/ = no o!r purposes4 ,dome/ic conc]ns are neglect$2 & ) respect to regul> law1 !re is sc>cely su* a ?+4 ,almo/ e case mu/ n[ be det]m9$ by "s prec$5t1 be t prec$5t good or bad1 or :e!r x prop]ly applies or n2 & ! practice is become s g5]al z to sugge/ a suspicion1 t x proce$s f a deep] policy ?an at fir/ sight appe>s4 ,s9ce ! revolution ( ,am]ica1 & m s s9ce t ( ,france1 ?is prea*+ up ! doctr9es ( prec$5ts1 drawn f times & circum/ances antec$5t to ^? ev5ts1 has be5 ! /udi$ practice ( ! ,engli% gov]nm5t4 ,! g5]ality ( ^? prec$5ts are f\nd$ on pr9ciples & op9ions1 ! rev]se ( :at !y ought2 & ! great] di/ance ( "t !y are drawn f1 ! m !y are to be suspect$4 ,b by associat+ ^? prec$5ts ) a sup]/iti\s rev]5ce = anci5t ?+s1 z monks %[ relics & call !m holy1 ! g5]ality ( mank9d are deceiv$ into ! design4 ,gov]nm5ts n[ act z if !y 7 afraid to awak5 a s+le reflection 9 man4 ,!y are s(tly lead+ him to ! sepul*re ( prec$5ts1 to dead5 8 faculties & call att5tion f ! sc5e ( revolutions4 ,!y feel t he is arriv+ at k fa/] ?an !y wi%1 & _! policy ( prec$5ts is ! b>omet] ( _! fe>s4 ,?is political pop]y1 l ! ecclesia/ical pop]y ( old1 has _h its day1 & is ha/5+ to its exit4 ,! ragg$ relic & ! antiquat$ prec$5t1 ! monk & ! mon>*1 w m\ld] toge!r4 ,gov]nm5t by prec$5t1 )\t any reg>d to ! pr9ciple ( ! prec$5t1 is "o ( ! vile/ sy/ems t c be set up4 ,9 num]\s in/ances1 ! prec$5t ought to op]ate z a w>n+1 & n z an example1 & requires to be %unn$ in/ead ( imitat$2 b in/ead ( ?is1 prec$5ts are tak5 9 ! lump1 & put at once = con/itution & = law4 ,ei!r ! doctr9e ( prec$5ts is policy to keep a man 9 a /ate ( ignorance1 or x is a practical confession t wisdom deg5]ates 9 gov]nm5ts z gov]nm5ts increase 9 age1 & c only hobble along by ! /ilts & crut*es ( prec$5ts4 ,h[ is x t ! same p]sons :o w\ld pr\dly be ?\ght wis] ?an _! pr$ecessors1 appe> at ! same "t only z ! gho/s ( dep>t$ wisdom8 ,h[ /rangely is antiquity treat$6 ,to "s purposes x is spok5 ( z ! times ( d>kness & ignorance1 & to answ] o!rs1 x is put = ! light ( ! _w4 ,if ! doctr9e ( prec$5ts is to be foll[$1 ! exp5ses ( gov]nm5t ne$ n cont9ue ! same4 ,:y pay m5 extravagantly1 :o h b little to d8 ,if ev]y?+ t c happ5 is already 9 prec$5t1 legislation is at an end1 & prec$5t1 l a diction>y1 det]m9es e case4 ,ei!r1 !re=e1 gov]nm5t has arriv$ at its dotage1 & requires to be r5ovat$1 or all ! occasions = ex]cis+ its wisdom h occurr$4 ,we n[ see all ov] ,europe1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ,engl&1 ! curi\s ph5om5on ( a nation look+ "o way1 & ! gov]nm5t ! o!r--! "o =w>d & ! o!r backw>d4 ,if gov]nm5ts are to g on by prec$5t1 :ile nations g on by improvem5t1 !y mu/ at la/ come to a f9al sep>ation2 & ! soon]1 & ! m civilly !y det]m9e ?is po9t1 ! bett]499#bj ,hav+ ?us spok5 ( con/itutions g5]ally1 z ?+s di/9ct f actual gov]nm5ts1 let u proce$ to consid] ! p>ts ( :i* a con/itution is compos$4 ,op9ions diff] m on ?is subject ?an ) respect to ! :ole4 ,t a nation ought to h a con/itution1 z a rule = ! conduct ( its gov]nm5t1 is a simple "q 9 :i* all m51 n directly c\rti]s1 w agree4 ,x is only on ! compon5t p>ts t que/ions & op9ions multiply4 ,b ?is difficulty1 l e o!r1 w dim9i% :5 put into a tra9 ( be+ rightly und]/ood4 ,! fir/ ?+ is1 t a nation has a "r to e/abli% a con/itution4 ,:e!r x ex]cises ?is "r 9 ! mo/ judici\s mann] at fir/ is q ano!r case4 ,x ex]cises x agreeably to ! judgm5t x possesses2 & by cont9u+ to d s1 all errors w at la/ be explod$4 ,:5 ?is "r is e/abli%$ 9 a nation1 !re is no fe> t x w be employ$ to its own injury4 ,a nation c h no int]e/ 9 be+ wrong4 ,?\gh all ! con/itutions ( ,am]ica are on "o g5]al pr9ciple1 yet no two ( !m are exactly alike 9 _! compon5t p>ts1 or 9 ! di/ribution ( ! p[]s :i* !y give to ! actual gov]nm5ts4 ,"s are m1 & o!rs less complex4 ,9 =m+ a con/itution1 x is fir/ necess>y to consid] :at are ! ends = :i* gov]nm5t is necess>y8 ,secondly1 :at are ! be/ means1 & ! lea/ exp5sive1 = accompli%+ ^? ends8 ,gov]nm5t is no?+ m ?an a national association2 & ! object ( ?is association is ! good ( all1 z well individually z collectively4 ,e man wi%es to pursue 8 occupation1 & to enjoy ! fruits ( 8 lab\rs & ! produce ( 8 prop]ty 9 peace & safety1 & ) ! lea/ possible exp5se4 ,:5 ^! ?+s are accompli%$1 all ! objects = :i* gov]nm5t ought to be e/abli%$ are answ]$4 ,x has be5 cu/om>y to consid] gov]nm5t "u ?ree di/9ct g5]al heads4 ,! legislative1 ! executive1 & ! judicial4 ,b if we p]mit our judgm5t to act un9cumb]$ by ! habit ( multipli$ t]ms1 we c p]ceive no m ?an two divisions ( p[]1 ( :i* civil gov]nm5t is compos$1 namely1 t ( legislat+ or enact+ laws1 & t ( execut+ or adm9i/]+ !m4 ,ev]y?+1 !re=e1 app]ta9+ to civil gov]nm5t1 classes itself "u "o or o!r ( ^! two divisions4 ,s f> z reg>ds ! execution ( ! laws1 t :i* is call$ ! judicial p[]1 is /rictly & prop]ly ! executive p[] ( e c\ntry4 ,x is t p[] to :i* e individual has appeal1 & :i* causes ! laws to be execut$2 nei!r h we any o!r cle> idea ) respect to ! (ficial execution ( ! laws4 ,9 ,engl&1 & also 9 ,am]ica & ,france1 ?is p[] beg9s ) ! magi/rate1 & proce$s up ?r\gh all ! c\rts ( judicature4 ,i leave to c\rti]s to expla9 :at is meant by call+ mon>*y ! executive p[]4 ,x is m]ely a "n 9 :i* acts ( gov]nm5t are done2 & any o!r1 or none at all1 w\ld answ] ! same purpose4 ,laws h nei!r m nor less au?ority on ?is acc\nt4 ,x mu/ be f ! ju/ness ( _! pr9ciples1 & ! int]e/ :i* a nation feels !re91 t !y d]ive support2 if !y require any o!r ?an ?is1 x is a sign t some?+ 9 ! sy/em ( gov]nm5t is imp]fect4 ,laws difficult to be execut$ _c be g5]ally good4 ,) respect to ! organization ( ! legislative p[]1 diff]5t modes h be5 adopt$ 9 diff]5t c\ntries4 ,9 ,am]ica x is g5]ally compos$ ( two h\ses4 ,9 ,france x consi/s b ( "o1 b 9 bo? c\ntries1 x is :olly by repres5tation4 ,! case is1 t mank9d 7f ! long tyranny ( assum$ p[]7 h _h s few opportunities ( mak+ ! necess>y trials on modes & pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t1 9 ord] to discov] ! be/1 t gov]nm5t is b n[ beg9n+ to be kn[n1 & exp]i5ce is yet want+ to det]m9e _m p>ticul>s4 ,! objections aga9/ two h\ses are1 fir/1 t !re is an inconsi/5cy 9 any "p ( a :ole legislature1 com+ to a f9al det]m9ation by vote on any matt]1 :il/ t matt]1 ) respect to t :ole1 is yet only 9 a tra9 ( delib]ation1 & consequ5tly op5 to new illu/rations4 ,secondly1 ,t by tak+ ! vote on ea*1 z a sep>ate body1 x always admits ( ! possibility1 & is (t5 ! case 9 practice1 t ! m9ority gov]ns ! majority1 & t1 9 "s in/ances1 to a degree ( great inconsi/5cy4 ,?irdly1 ,t two h\ses arbitr>ily *eck+ or controll+ ea* o!r is inconsi/5t2 because x _c be prov$ on ! pr9ciples ( j repres5tation1 t ei!r %\ld be wis] or bett] ?an ! o!r4 ,!y may *eck 9 ! wrong z well z 9 ! "r !re=e to give ! p[] :]e we _c give ! wisdom to use x1 nor be assur$ ( its be+ rightly us$1 r5d]s ! haz>d at lea/ equal to ! precaution499#ba ,! objection aga9/ a s+le h\se is1 t x is always 9 a condition ( committ+ itself too soon4--,b x %\ld at ! same "t be rememb]$1 t :5 !re is a con/itution :i* def9es ! p[]1 & e/abli%es ! pr9ciples )9 :i* a legislature %all act1 !re is already a m effectual *eck provid$1 & m p[]fully op]at+1 ?an any o!r *eck c be4 ,= example1 ,7 a ,bill to be br\ght into any ( ! ,am]ican legislatures simil> to t :i* 0 pass$ into an act by ! ,engli% p>liam5t1 at ! comm5cem5t ( ,george ! ,fir/1 to ext5d ! duration ( ! assemblies to a long] p]iod ?an !y n[ sit1 ! *eck is 9 ! con/itution1 :i* 9 effect says1 ,?us f> %alt ?\ g & no fur!r4 ,b 9 ord] to remove ! objection aga9/ a s+le h\se 7t ( act+ ) too quick an impulse71 & at ! same "t to avoid ! inconsi/5cies1 9 "s cases absurdities1 aris+ f two h\ses1 ! foll[+ me?od has be5 propos$ z an improvem5t ^u bo?4 ,fir/1 ,to h b "o repres5tation4 ,secondly1 ,to divide t repres5tation1 by lot1 into two or ?ree p>ts4 ,?irdly1 ,t e propos$ bill %all be fir/ debat$ 9 ^? p>ts by succession1 t !y may become ! he>]s ( ea* o!r1 b )\t tak+ any vote4 ,aft] :i* ! :ole repres5tation to assemble = a g5]al debate & det]m9ation by vote4 ,to ?is propos$ improvem5t has be5 add$ ano!r1 = ! purpose ( keep+ ! repres5tation 9 ! /ate ( con/ant r5ovation2 :i* is1 t "o-?ird ( ! repres5tation ( ea* c\nty1 %all g out at ! expiration ( "o ye>1 & ! numb] be replac$ by new elections4 ,ano!r ?ird at ! expiration ( ! second ye> replac$ 9 l mann]1 & e ?ird ye> to be a g5]al election499#bb ,b 9 :atev] mann] ! sep>ate p>ts ( a con/itution may be arrang$1 !re is "o g5]al pr9ciple t di/+ui%es fre$om f slav]y1 :i* is1 t all h]$it>y gov]nm5t ov] a p is to !m a species ( slav]y1 & repres5tative gov]nm5t is fre$om4 ,consid]+ gov]nm5t 9 ! only light 9 :i* x %\ld be consid]$1 t ( a ,national ,association1 x ought to be s con/ruct$ z n to be disord]$ by any accid5t happ5+ among ! p>ts2 &1 !re=e1 no extraord9>y p[]1 capable ( produc+ su* an effect1 %\ld be lodg$ 9 ! h&s ( any individual4 ,! dea?1 sickness1 abs5ce or defection1 ( any "o individual 9 a gov]nm5t1 ought to be a matt] ( no m consequ5ce1 ) respect to ! nation1 ?an if ! same circum/ance _h tak5 place 9 a memb] ( ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t1 or ! ,fr5* ,national ,assembly4 ,sc>cely any?+ pres5ts a m degrad+ "* ( national greatness1 ?an its be+ ?r[n into confusion1 by any?+ happ5+ to or act$ by any individual2 & ! ridicul\sness ( ! sc5e is (t5 increas$ by ! natural insignificance ( ! p]son by :om x is occasion$4 ,7 a gov]nm5t s con/ruct$1 t x c\ld n g on unless a goose or a g&] 7 pres5t 9 ! s5ate1 ! difficulties w\ld be j z great & z real1 on ! flight or sickness ( ! goose1 or ! g&]1 z if x 7 call$ a ,k+4 ,we laugh at individuals = ! silly difficulties !y make to !mselves1 )\t p]ceiv+ t ! greate/ ( all ridicul\s ?+s are act$ 9 gov]nm5ts499#bc ,all ! con/itutions ( ,am]ica are on a plan t excludes ! *ildi% emb>rassm5ts :i* occur 9 mon>*ical c\ntries4 ,no susp5sion ( gov]nm5t c !re take place = a mom5t1 f any circum/ances :atev]4 ,! sy/em ( repres5tation provides = ev]y?+1 & is ! only sy/em 9 :i* nations & gov]nm5ts c always appe> 9 _! prop] "*4 ,z extraord9>y p[] ought n to be lodg$ 9 ! h&s ( any individual1 s ought !re to be no appropriations ( public money to any p]son1 beyond :at 8 s]vices 9 a /ate may be wor?4 ,x signifies n :e!r a man be call$ a presid5t1 a k+1 an emp]or1 a s5ator1 or by any o!r "n :i* propriety or folly may devise or arrogance assume2 x is only a c]ta9 s]vice he c p]=m 9 ! /ate2 & ! s]vice ( any su* individual 9 ! r\t9e ( (fice1 :e!r su* (fice be call$ mon>*ical1 presid5tial1 s5atorial1 or by any o!r "n or title1 c nev] exce$ ! value ( t5 ?\s& p\nds a ye>4 ,all ! great s]vices t are done 9 ! _w are p]=m$ by volunte] *>act]s1 :o accept no?+ = !m2 b ! r\t9e ( (fice is always regulat$ to su* a g5]al /&>d ( abilities z to be )9 ! compass ( numb]s 9 e c\ntry to p]=m1 & !re=e _c m]it v extraord9>y recomp5se4 ,gov]nm5t1 says ,swift1 is a ,pla9 ?+1 & fitt$ to ! capacity ( _m heads4 ,x is inhuman to talk ( a million /]l+ a ye>1 paid out ( ! public taxes ( any c\ntry1 = ! support ( any individual1 :il/ ?\s&s :o are =c$ to contribute !reto1 are p9+ ) want1 & /ruggl+ ) mis]y4 ,gov]nm5t does n consi/ 9 a contra/ betwe5 prisons & palaces1 betwe5 pov]ty & pomp2 x is n in/itut$ to rob ! ne$y ( 8 mite1 & increase ! wret*$ness ( ! wret*$4--,b on ?is "p ( ! subject ,i %all speak h]eaft]1 & conf9e myself at pres5t to political obs]vations4 ,:5 extraord9>y p[] & extraord9>y pay are allott$ to any individual 9 a gov]nm5t1 he becomes ! c5t]1 r\nd :i* e k9d ( corruption g5]ates & =ms4 ,give to any man a million a ye>1 & add !reto ! p[] ( creat+ & dispos+ ( places1 at ! exp5se ( a c\ntry1 & ! lib]ties ( t c\ntry are no long] secure4 ,:at is call$ ! spl5d\r ( a ?rone is no o!r ?an ! corruption ( ! /ate4 ,x is made up ( a b& ( p>asites1 liv+ 9 luxuri\s indol5ce1 out ( ! public taxes4 ,:5 once su* a vici\s sy/em is e/abli%$ x becomes ! gu>d & protection ( all inf]ior abuses4 ,! man :o is 9 ! receipt ( a million a ye> is ! la/ p]son to promote a _s ( re=m1 le/1 9 ! ev5t1 x %\ld rea* to himself4 ,x is always 8 int]e/ to def5d inf]ior abuses1 z s _m outworks to protect ! citadel2 & on ?is species ( political =tification1 all ! p>ts h su* a common dep5d5ce t x is nev] to be expect$ !y w attack ea* o!r499#bd ,mon>*y w\ld n h cont9u$ s _m ages 9 ! _w1 _h x n be5 = ! abuses x protects4 ,x is ! ma/]-fraud1 :i* %elt]s all o!rs4 ,by admitt+ a p>ticipation ( ! spoil1 x makes itself fri5ds2 & :5 x ceases to d ?is x w cease to be ! idol ( c\rti]s4 ,z ! pr9ciple on :i* con/itutions are n[ =m$ rejects all h]$it>y pret5sions to gov]nm5t1 x also rejects all t catalogue ( assumptions kn[n by ! "n ( pr]ogatives4 ,if !re is any gov]nm5t :]e pr]ogatives might ) app>5t safety be entru/$ to any individual1 x is 9 ! f$]al gov]nm5t ( ,am]ica4 ,! presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica is elect$ only = f\r ye>s4 ,he is n only responsible 9 ! g5]al s5se ( ! ^w1 b a p>ticul> mode is laid d[n 9 ! con/itution = try+ him4 ,he _c be elect$ "u ?irty-five ye>s ( age2 & he mu/ be a native ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 a comp>ison ( ^! cases ) ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,engl&1 ! diff]5ce :5 appli$ to ! latt] am\nts to an absurdity4 ,9 ,engl& ! p]son :o ex]cises pr]ogative is (t5 a =eign]2 always half a =eign]1 & always m>ri$ to a =eign]4 ,he is nev] 9 full natural or political connection ) ! c\ntry1 is n responsible = any?+1 & becomes ( age at eighte5 ye>s2 yet su* a p]son is p]mitt$ to =m =eign alliances1 )\t ev5 ! k ( ! nation1 & to make w> & peace )\t its cons5t4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,?\gh su* a p]son _c dispose ( ! gov]nm5t 9 ! mann] ( a te/ator1 he dictates ! m>riage connections1 :i*1 9 effect1 accompli% a great "p ( ! same end4 ,he _c directly bequea? half ! gov]nm5t to ,prussia1 b he c =m a m>riage p>tn]%ip t w produce almo/ ! same ?+4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 x is happy = ,engl& t %e is n situat$ on ! ,cont95t1 or %e might1 l ,holl&1 fall "u ! dictator%ip ( ,prussia4 ,holl&1 by m>riage1 is z effectually gov]n$ by ,prussia1 z if ! old tyranny ( bequea?+ ! gov]nm5t _h be5 ! means4 ,! presid5cy 9 ,am]ica 7or1 z x is sometimes call$1 ! executive7 is ! only (fice f :i* a =eign] is exclud$1 & 9 ,engl& x is ! only "o to :i* he is admitt$4 ,a =eign] _c be a memb] ( ,p>liam5t1 b he may be :at is call$ a k+4 ,if !re is any reason = exclud+ =eign]s1 x ought to be f ^? (fices :]e mis*ief c mo/ be act$1 & :]e1 by unit+ e bias ( int]e/ & atta*m5t1 ! tru/ is be/ secur$4 ,b z nations proce$ 9 ! great bus9ess ( =m+ con/itutions1 !y w exam9e ) m precision into ! nature & bus9ess ( t dep>tm5t :i* is call$ ! executive4 ,:at ! legislative & judicial dep>tm5ts are e "o c see2 b ) respect to :at1 9 ,europe1 is call$ ! executive1 z di/9ct f ^? two1 x is ei!r a political sup]fluity or a *aos ( unkn[n ?+s4 ,"s k9d ( (ficial dep>tm5t1 to :i* reports %all be made f ! diff]5t p>ts ( a nation1 or f abroad1 to be laid be=e ! national repres5tatives1 is all t is necess>y2 b !re is no consi/5cy 9 call+ ?is ! executive2 nei!r c x be consid]$ 9 any o!r light ?an z inf]ior to ! legislative4 ,! sov]eign au?ority 9 any c\ntry is ! p[] ( mak+ laws1 & ev]y?+ else is an (ficial dep>tm5t4 ,next to ! arrangem5t ( ! pr9ciples & ! organization ( ! sev]al p>ts ( a con/itution1 is ! provision to be made = ! support ( ! p]sons to :om ! nation %all confide ! adm9i/ration ( ! con/itutional p[]s4 ,a nation c h no "r to ! "t & s]vices ( any p]son at 8 own exp5se1 :om x may *oose to employ or entru/ 9 any dep>tm5t :atev]2 nei!r c any reason be giv5 = mak+ provision = ! support ( any "o "p ( a gov]nm5t & n = ! o!r4 ,b admitt+ t ! hon\r ( be+ entru/$ ) any "p ( a gov]nm5t is to be consid]$ a suffici5t rew>d1 x ought to be s to e p]son alike4 ,if ! memb]s ( ! legislature ( any c\ntry are to s]ve at _! own exp5se t :i* is call$ ! executive1 :e!r mon>*ical or by any o!r "n1 ought to s]ve 9 l mann]4 ,x is inconsi/5t to pay ! "o1 & accept ! s]vice ( ! o!r gratis4 ,9 ,am]ica1 e dep>tm5t 9 ! gov]nm5t is dec5tly provid$ =2 b no "o is extravagantly paid4 ,e memb] ( ,congress1 & ( ! ,assemblies1 is all[$ a suffici5cy = 8 exp5ses4 ,:]eas 9 ,engl&1 a mo/ prodigal provision is made = ! support ( "o "p ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 & none = ! o!r1 ! consequ5ce ( :i* is t ! "o is furni%$ ) ! means ( corruption & ! o!r is put into ! condition ( be+ corrupt$4 ,less ?an a f\r? "p ( su* exp5se1 appli$ z x is 9 ,am]ica1 w\ld rem$y a great "p ( ! corruption4 ,ano!r re=m 9 ! ,am]ican con/itution is ! explod+ all oa?s ( p]sonality4 ,! oa? ( allegiance 9 ,am]ica is to ! nation only4 ,! putt+ any individual z a figure = a nation is improp]4 ,! happ9ess ( a nation is ! sup]ior object1 & !re=e ! int5tion ( an oa? ( allegiance ought n to be obscur$ by be+ figuratively tak51 to1 or 9 ! "n (1 any p]son4 ,! oa?1 call$ ! civic oa?1 9 ,france1 viz41 ! nation1 ! law1 & ! k+1 is improp]4 ,if tak5 at all1 x ought to be z 9 ,am]ica1 to ! nation only4 ,! law may or may n be good2 b1 9 ?is place1 x c h no o!r mean+1 ?an z be+ conducive to ! happ9ess ( a nation1 & !re=e is includ$ 9 x4 ,! rema9d] ( ! oa? is improp]1 on ! gr\nd1 t all p]sonal oa?s ought to be aboli%$4 ,!y are ! rema9s ( tyranny on "o "p & slav]y on ! o!r2 & ! "n ( ! ,creator ought n to be introduc$ to witness ! degradation ( 8 creation2 or if tak51 z is already m5tion$1 z figurative ( ! nation1 x is 9 ?is place r$undant4 ,b :atev] apology may be made = oa?s at ! fir/ e/abli%m5t ( a gov]nm5t1 !y ought n to be p]mitt$ aft]w>ds4 ,if a gov]nm5t requires ! support ( oa?s1 x is a sign t x is n wor? support+1 & ought n to be support$4 ,make gov]nm5t :at x ought to be1 & x w support itself4 ,to conclude ?is "p ( ! subject3--,"o ( ! greate/ improvem5ts t h be5 made = ! p]petual security & progress ( con/itutional lib]ty1 is ! provision :i* ! new con/itutions make = occasionally revis+1 alt]+1 & am5d+ !m4 ,! pr9ciple ^u :i* ,mr4 ,burke =m$ 8 political cre$1 t ( b9d+ & controll+ po/]ity to ! end ( "t1 & ( r5\nc+ & abdicat+ ! rights ( all po/]ity1 = ev]1 is n[ become too dete/able to be made a subject ( debate2 & !re=e1 ,i pass x ov] ) no o!r notice ?an expos+ x4 ,gov]nm5t is b n[ beg9n+ to be kn[n4 ,hi!rto x has be5 ! m]e ex]cise ( p[]1 :i* =bade all effectual enquiry into rights1 & gr\nd$ itself :olly on possession4 ,:ile ! enemy ( lib]ty 0 its judge1 ! progress ( its pr9ciples mu/ h be5 small inde$4 ,! con/itutions ( ,am]ica1 & also t ( ,france1 h ei!r affix$ a p]iod = _! revision1 or laid d[n ! mode by :i* improvem5t %all be made4 ,x is p]haps impossible to e/abli% any?+ t comb9es pr9ciples ) op9ions & practice1 :i* ! progress ( circum/ances1 ?r\gh a l5g? ( ye>s1 w n 9 "s measure d]ange1 or r5d] inconsi/5t2 &1 !re=e1 to prev5t inconv5i5ces accumulat+1 till !y disc\rage re=mations or provoke revolutions1 x is be/ to provide ! means ( regulat+ !m z !y occur4 ,! ,rights ( ,man are ! rights ( all g5]ations ( m51 & _c be monopolis$ by any4 ,t :i* is wor? foll[+1 w be foll[$ = ! sake ( its wor?1 & x is 9 ?is t its security lies1 & n 9 any conditions ) :i* x may be encumb]$4 ,:5 a man leaves prop]ty to 8 heirs1 he does n connect x ) an obligation t !y %all accept x4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld we d o!rwise ) respect to con/itutions8 ,! be/ con/itution t c\ld n[ be devis$1 consi/5t ) ! condition ( ! pres5t mom5t1 may be f> %ort ( t excell5ce :i* a few ye>s may af=d4 ,!re is a morn+ ( reason ris+ ^u man on ! subject ( gov]nm5t1 t has n appe>$ be=e4 ,z ! b>b>ism ( ! pres5t old gov]nm5ts expires1 ! moral conditions ( nations ) respect to ea* o!r w be *ang$4 ,man w n be br\ght up ) ! savage idea ( consid]+ 8 species z 8 enemy1 because ! accid5t ( bir? gave ! individuals exi/5ce 9 c\ntries di/+ui%$ by diff]5t names2 & z con/itutions h always "s relation to ext]nal z well z to dome/ic circum/ances1 ! means ( b5efitt+ by e *ange1 =eign or dome/ic1 %\ld be a "p ( e con/itution4 ,we already see an alt]ation 9 ! national disposition ( ,engl& & ,france t[>ds ea* o!r1 :i*1 :5 we look back to only a few ye>s1 is itself a ,revolution4 ,:o c\ld h =ese51 or :o c\ld h believ$1 t a ,fr5* ,national ,assembly w\ld ev] h be5 a popul> toa/ 9 ,engl&1 or t a fri5dly alliance ( ! two nations %\ld become ! wi% ( ei!r8 ,x %[s t man1 7 he n corrupt$ by gov]nm5ts1 is naturally ! fri5d ( man1 & t human nature is n ( itself vici\s4 ,t _s ( jeal\sy & f]ocity1 :i* ! gov]nm5ts ( ! two c\ntries inspir$1 & :i* !y r5d]$ subs]vi5t to ! purpose ( taxation1 is n[ yield+ to ! dictates ( reason1 int]e/1 & humanity4 ,! trade ( c\rts is beg9n+ to be und]/ood1 & ! affectation ( my/]y1 ) all ! artificial sorc]y by :i* !y impos$ ^u mank9d1 is on ! decl9e4 ,x has receiv$ its dea?-w\nd2 & ?\gh x may l+]1 x w expire4 ,gov]nm5t ought to be z mu* op5 to improvem5t z any?+ :i* app]ta9s to man1 in/ead ( :i* x has be5 monopolis$ f age to age1 by ! mo/ ignorant & vici\s ( ! human race4 ,ne$ we any o!r pro( ( _! wret*$ managem5t1 ?an ! excess ( debts & taxes ) :i* e nation groans1 & ! qu>rels into :i* !y h precipitat$ ! _w8 ,j em]g+ f su* a b>b>\s condition1 x is too soon to det]m9e to :at ext5t ( improvem5t gov]nm5t may yet be c>ri$4 ,= :at we c =esee1 all ,europe may =m b "o great ,republic1 & man be free ( ! :ole4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,ways ,,& ,,means ,,( ,,improv+ ,,! ,,condition ,,( ,,europe ,,int]sp]s$ ,,) ,,miscellane\s ,,obs]vations ,9 contemplat+ a subject t embraces ) equatorial magnitude ! :ole region ( humanity x is impossible to conf9e ! pursuit 9 "o s+le direction4 ,x takes gr\nd on e "* & condition t app]ta9s to man1 & bl5ds ! individual1 ! nation1 & ! _w4 ,f a small sp>k1 k9dl$ 9 ,am]ica1 a flame has aris5 n to be ext+ui%$4 ,)\t consum+1 l ! ,ultima ,ratio ,regum1 x w9ds its progress f nation to nation1 & conqu]s by a sil5t op]ation4 ,man f9ds himself *ang$1 he sc>cely p]ceives h[4 ,he acquires a k ( 8 rights by att5d+ ju/ly to 8 int]e/1 & discov]s 9 ! ev5t t ! /r5g? & p[]s ( despotism consi/ :olly 9 ! fe> ( resi/+ x1 & t1 9 ord] to be free1 x is suffici5t t he wills x4 ,hav+ 9 all ! prec$+ p>ts ( ?is "w endeav\r$ to e/abli% a sy/em ( pr9ciples z a basis on :i* gov]nm5ts ought to be erect$1 ,i %all proce$ 9 ?is1 to ! ways & means ( r5d]+ !m into practice4 ,b 9 ord] to introduce ?is "p ( ! subject ) m propriety1 & /rong] effect1 "s prelim9>y obs]vations1 d$ucible f1 or connect$ )1 ^? pr9ciples1 are necess>y4 ,:atev] ! =m or con/itution ( gov]nm5t may be1 x ought to h no o!r object ?an ! g5]al happ9ess4 ,:51 in/ead ( ?is1 x op]ates to create & increase wret*$ness 9 any ( ! p>ts ( society1 x is on a wrong sy/em1 & re=mation is necess>y4 ,cu/om>y language has class$ ! condition ( man "u ! two descriptions ( civilis$ & uncivilis$ life4 ,to ! "o x has ascrib$ felicity & afflu5ce2 to ! o!r h>d%ip & want4 ,b1 h[ev] our imag9ation may be impress$ by pa9t+ & comp>ison1 x is nev]!less true1 t a great portion ( mank9d1 9 :at are call$ civilis$ c\ntries1 are 9 a /ate ( pov]ty & wret*$ness1 f> bel[ ! condition ( an ,indian4 ,i speak n ( "o c\ntry1 b ( all4 ,x is s 9 ,engl&1 x is s all ov] ,europe4 ,let u enquire into ! cause4 ,x lies n 9 any natural defect 9 ! pr9ciples ( civilisation1 b 9 prev5t+ ^? pr9ciples hav+ a univ]sal op]ation2 ! consequ5ce ( :i* is1 a p]petual sy/em ( w> & exp5se1 t dra9s ! c\ntry1 & defeats ! g5]al felicity ( :i* civilisation is capable4 ,all ! ,european gov]nm5ts 7,france n[ except$7 are con/ruct$ n on ! pr9ciple ( univ]sal civilisation1 b on ! rev]se ( x4 ,s f> z ^? gov]nm5ts relate to ea* o!r1 !y are 9 ! same condition z we conceive ( savage uncivilis$ life2 !y put !mselves beyond ! law z well ( ,god z ( man1 & are1 ) respect to pr9ciple & reciprocal conduct1 l s _m individuals 9 a /ate ( nature4 ,! inhabitants ( e c\ntry1 "u ! civilisation ( laws1 easily civilise toge!r1 b gov]nm5ts be+ yet 9 an uncivilis$ /ate1 & almo/ cont9ually at w>1 !y p]v]t ! abundance :i* civilis$ life produces to c>ry on ! uncivilis$ "p to a great] ext5t4 ,by ?us engraft+ ! b>b>ism ( gov]nm5t ^u ! int]nal civilisation ( a c\ntry1 x draws f ! latt]1 & m especially f ! poor1 a great portion ( ^? e>n+s1 :i* %\ld be appli$ to _! own subsi/5ce & com=t4 ,ap>t f all reflections ( morality & philosophy1 x is a melan*oly fact t m ?an "o-f\r? ( ! lab\r ( mank9d is annually consum$ by ?is b>b>\s sy/em4 ,:at has s]v$ to cont9ue ?is evil1 is ! pecuni>y advantage :i* all ! gov]nm5ts ( ,europe h f\nd 9 keep+ up ?is /ate ( uncivilisation4 ,x af=ds to !m pret5ces = p[]1 & rev5ue1 = :i* !re w\ld be nei!r occasion nor apology1 if ! circle ( civilisation 7 r5d]$ complete4 ,civil gov]nm5t alone1 or ! gov]nm5t ( laws1 is n productive ( pret5ces = _m taxes2 x op]ates at home1 directly "u ! eye ( ! c\ntry1 & precludes ! possibility ( mu* imposition4 ,b :5 ! sc5e is laid 9 ! uncivilis$ cont5tion ( gov]nm5ts1 ! field ( pret5ces is enl>g$1 & ! c\ntry1 be+ no long] a judge1 is op5 to e imposition1 :i* gov]nm5ts please to act4 ,n a ?irtie?1 sc>cely a =tie?1 "p ( ! taxes :i* are rais$ 9 ,engl& are ei!r occasion$ by1 or appli$ to1 ! purpose ( civil gov]nm5t4 ,x is n difficult to see1 t ! :ole :i* ! actual gov]nm5t does 9 ?is respect1 is to enact laws1 & t ! c\ntry adm9i/]s & executes !m1 at its own exp5se1 by means ( magi/rates1 juries1 sessions1 & assize1 ov] & above ! taxes :i* x pays4 ,9 ?is view ( ! case1 we h two di/9ct *>act]s ( gov]nm5t2 ! "o ! civil gov]nm5t1 or ! gov]nm5t ( laws1 :i* op]ates at home1 ! o!r ! c\rt or cab9et gov]nm5t1 :i* op]ates abroad1 on ! rude plan ( uncivilis$ life2 ! "o att5d$ ) little *>ge1 ! o!r ) b\ndless extravagance2 & s di/9ct are ! two1 t if ! latt] 7 to s9k1 z x 71 by a sudd5 op5+ ( ! e>?1 & totally disappe>1 ! =m] w\ld n be d]ang$4 ,x w\ld /ill proce$1 because x is ! common int]e/ ( ! nation t x %\ld1 & all ! means are 9 practice4 ,revolutions1 !n1 h = _! object a *ange 9 ! moral condition ( gov]nm5ts1 & ) ?is *ange ! bur!n ( public taxes w less51 & civilisation w be left to ! enjoym5t ( t abundance1 ( :i* x is n[ depriv$4 ,9 contemplat+ ! :ole ( ?is subject1 ,i ext5d my views into ! dep>tm5t ( comm]ce4 ,9 all my publications1 :]e ! matt] w\ld admit1 ,i h be5 an advocate = comm]ce1 because ,i am a fri5d to its effects4 ,x is a pacific sy/em1 op]at+ to cordialise mank9d1 by r5d]+ nations1 z well z individuals1 useful to ea* o!r4 ,z to ! m]e !oretical re=mation1 ,i h nev] prea*$ x up4 ,! mo/ effectual process is t ( improv+ ! condition ( man by means ( 8 int]e/2 & x is on ?is gr\nd t ,i take my /&4 ,if comm]ce 7 p]mitt$ to act to ! univ]sal ext5t x is capable1 x w\ld extirpate ! sy/em ( w>1 & produce a revolution 9 ! uncivilis$ /ate ( gov]nm5ts4 ,! inv5tion ( comm]ce has aris5 s9ce ^? gov]nm5ts began1 & is ! greate/ approa* t[>ds univ]sal civilisation t has yet be5 made by any means n imm$iately fl[+ f moral pr9ciples4 ,:atev] has a t5d5cy to promote ! civil int]c\rse ( nations by an ex*ange ( b5efits1 is a subject z wor?y ( philosophy z ( politics4 ,comm]ce is no o!r ?an ! traffic ( two individuals1 multipli$ on a scale ( numb]s2 & by ! same rule t nature int5d$ = ! int]c\rse ( two1 %e int5d$ t ( all4 ,= ?is purpose %e has di/ribut$ ! mat]ials ( manufactures & comm]ce1 9 v>i\s & di/ant p>ts ( a nation & ( ! _w2 & z !y _c be procur$ by w> s *eaply or s commodi\sly z by comm]ce1 %e has r5d]$ ! latt] ! means ( extirpat+ ! =m]4 ,z ! two are ne>ly ! opposite ( ea* o!r1 consequ5tly1 ! uncivilis$ /ate ( ! ,european gov]nm5ts is injuri\s to comm]ce4 ,e k9d ( de/ruction or emb>rassm5t s]ves to less5 ! quantity1 & x matt]s b little 9 :at "p ( ! comm]cial _w ! r$uction beg9s4 ,l blood1 x _c be tak5 f any ( ! p>ts1 )\t be+ tak5 f ! :ole mass 9 circulation1 & all p>take ( ! loss4 ,:5 ! ability 9 any nation to buy is de/roy$1 x equally involves ! sell]4 ,c\ld ! gov]nm5t ( ,engl& de/roy ! comm]ce ( all o!r nations1 %e w\ld mo/ effectually ru9 h] own4 ,x is possible t a nation may be ! c>ri] = ! _w1 b %e _c be ! m]*ant4 ,%e _c be ! sell] & buy] ( h] own m]*&ise4 ,! ability to buy mu/ reside out ( h]self2 &1 !re=e1 ! prosp]ity ( any comm]cial nation is regulat$ by ! prosp]ity ( ! re/4 ,if !y are poor %e _c be ri*1 & h] condition1 be :at x may1 is an index ( ! height ( ! comm]cial tide 9 o!r nations4 ,t ! pr9ciples ( comm]ce1 & its univ]sal op]ation may be und]/ood1 )\t und]/&+ ! practice1 is a position t reason w n d5y2 & x is on ?is gr\nd only t ,i argue ! subject4 ,x is "o ?+ 9 ! c\nt+-h\se1 9 ! _w x is ano!r4 ,) respect to its op]ation x mu/ necess>ily be contemplat$ z a reciprocal ?+2 t only "o-half its p[]s resides )9 ! nation1 & t ! :ole is z effectually de/roy$ by ! de/roy+ ! half t resides )\t1 z if ! de/ruction _h be5 committ$ on t :i* is )92 = nei!r c act )\t ! o!r4 ,:5 9 ! la/1 z well z 9 =m] w>s1 ! comm]ce ( ,engl& sunk1 x 0 because ! quantity 0 less5$ ev]y:]e2 & x n[ rises1 because comm]ce is 9 a ris+ /ate 9 e nation4 ,if ,engl&1 at ?is day1 imports & exports m ?an at any =m] p]iod1 ! nations ) :i* %e trades mu/ necess>ily d ! same2 h] imports are _! exports1 & vice v]sa4 ,!re c be no su* ?+ z a nation fl\ri%+ alone 9 comm]ce3 %e c only p>ticipate2 & ! de/ruction ( x 9 any "p mu/ necess>ily affect all4 ,:51 !re=e1 gov]nm5ts are at w>1 ! attack is made ^u a common /ock ( comm]ce1 & ! consequ5ce is ! same z if ea* _h attack$ 8 own4 ,! pres5t increase ( comm]ce is n to be attribut$ to m9i/]s1 or to any political contrivances1 b to its own natural op]ation 9 consequ5ce ( peace4 ,! regul> m>kets _h be5 de/roy$1 ! *annels ( trade brok5 up1 ! high road ( ! seas infe/$ ) robb]s ( e nation1 & ! att5tion ( ! _w call$ to o!r objects4 ,^? int]ruptions h ceas$1 & peace has re/or$ ! d]ang$ condition ( ?+s to _! prop] ord]499#be ,x is wor? rem>k+ t e nation reckons ! balance ( trade 9 its own fav\r2 & !re=e some?+ mu/ be irregul> 9 ! common ideas ^u ?is subject4 ,! fact1 h[ev]1 is true1 accord+ to :at is call$ a balance2 & x is f ?is cause t comm]ce is univ]sally support$4 ,e nation feels ! advantage1 or x w\ld ab&on ! practice3 b ! deception lies 9 ! mode ( mak+ up ! acc\nts1 & 9 attribut+ :at are call$ pr(its to a wrong cause4 ,mr4 ,pitt has sometimes amus$ himself1 by %[+ :at he call$ a balance ( trade f ! cu/om-h\se books4 ,?is mode ( calculat+ n only af=ds no rule t is true1 b "o t is false4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,e c>go t dep>ts f ! cu/om-h\se appe>s on ! books z an export2 &1 accord+ to ! cu/om-h\se balance1 ! losses at sea1 & by =eign failures1 are all reckon$ on ! side ( pr(it because !y appe> z exports4 ,secondly1 ,because ! importation by ! smuggl+ trade does n appe> on ! cu/om-h\se books1 to arrange aga9/ ! exports4 ,no balance1 !re=e1 z apply+ to sup]ior advantages1 c be drawn f ^! docum5ts2 & if we exam9e ! natural op]ation ( comm]ce1 ! idea is fallaci\s2 & if true1 w\ld soon be injuri\s4 ,! great support ( comm]ce consi/s 9 ! balance be+ a level ( b5efits among all nations4 ,two m]*ants ( diff]5t nations trad+ toge!r1 w bo? become ri*1 & ea* makes ! balance 9 8 own fav\r2 consequ5tly1 !y d n get ri* ( ea* o!r2 & x is ! same ) respect to ! nations 9 :i* !y reside4 ,! case mu/ be1 t ea* nation mu/ get ri* out ( its own means1 & increases t ri*es by some?+ :i* x procures f ano!r 9 ex*ange4 ,if a m]*ant 9 ,engl& s5ds an article ( ,engli% manufacture abroad :i* co/s him a %ill+ at home1 & imports some?+ :i* sells = two1 he makes a balance ( "o %ill+ 9 8 fav\r2 b ?is is n ga9$ out ( ! =eign nation or ! =eign m]*ant1 = he also does ! same by ! articles he receives1 & nei!r has ! advantage ^u ! o!r4 ,! orig9al value ( ! two articles 9 _! prop] c\ntries 0 b two %ill+s2 b by *ang+ _! places1 !y acquire a new idea ( value1 equal to d\ble :at !y _h fir/1 & t increas$ value is equally divid$4 ,!re is no o!rwise a balance on =eign ?an on dome/ic comm]ce4 ,! m]*ants ( ,london & ,newca/le trade on ! same pr9ciples1 z if !y resid$ 9 diff]5t nations1 & make _! balances 9 ! same mann]3 yet ,london does n get ri* out ( ,newca/le1 any m ?an ,newca/le out ( ,london3 b coals1 ! m]*&ize ( ,newca/le1 h an additional value at ,london1 & ,london m]*&ize has ! same at ,newca/le4 ,?\gh ! pr9ciple ( all comm]ce is ! same1 ! dome/ic1 9 a national view1 is ! "p ! mo/ b5eficial2 because ! :ole ( ! advantages1 an bo? sides1 re/s )9 ! nation2 :]eas1 9 =eign comm]ce1 x is only a p>ticipation ( "o-half4 ,! mo/ unpr(itable ( all comm]ce is t connect$ ) =eign dom9ion4 ,to a few individuals x may be b5eficial1 m]ely because x is comm]ce2 b to ! nation x is a loss4 ,! exp5se ( ma9ta9+ dom9ion m ?an absorbs ! pr(its ( any trade4 ,x does n increase ! g5]al quantity 9 ! _w1 b op]ates to less5 x2 & z a great] mass w\ld be afloat by rel9qui%+ dom9ion1 ! p>ticipation )\t ! exp5se w\ld be m valuable ?an a great] quantity ) x4 ,b x is impossible to engross comm]ce by dom9ion2 & !re=e x is /ill m fallaci\s4 ,x _c exi/ 9 conf9$ *annels1 & necess>ily breaks out by regul> or irregul> means1 t defeat ! attempt3 & to succe$ w\ld be /ill worse4 ,france1 s9ce ! ,revolution1 has be5 m indiff]5t z to =eign possessions1 & o!r nations w become ! same :5 !y inve/igate ! subject ) respect to comm]ce4 ,to ! exp5se ( dom9ion is to be add$ t ( navies1 & :5 ! am\nts ( ! two are subtract$ f ! pr(its ( comm]ce1 x w appe>1 t :at is call$ ! balance ( trade1 ev5 admitt+ x to exi/1 is n enjoy$ by ! nation1 b absorb$ by ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,! idea ( hav+ navies = ! protection ( comm]ce is delusive4 ,x is putt+ means ( de/ruction = ! means ( protection4 ,comm]ce ne$s no o!r protection ?an ! reciprocal int]e/ :i* e nation feels 9 support+ x--x is common /ock--x exi/s by a balance ( advantages to all2 & ! only int]ruption x meets1 is f ! pres5t uncivilis$ /ate ( gov]nm5ts1 & :i* x is its common int]e/ to re=m499#bf ,quitt+ ?is subject1 ,i n[ proce$ to o!r matt]s4--,z x is necess>y to include ,engl& 9 ! prospect ( a g5]al re=mation1 x is prop] to inquire into ! defects ( its gov]nm5t4 ,x is only by ea* nation re=m+ its own1 t ! :ole c be improv$1 & ! full b5efit ( re=mation enjoy$4 ,only p>tial advantages c fl[ f p>tial re=ms4 ,france & ,engl& are ! only two c\ntries 9 ,europe :]e a re=mation 9 gov]nm5t c\ld h successfully begun4 ,! "o secure by ! ocean1 & ! o!r by ! imm5sity ( its int]nal /r5g?1 c\ld defy ! malignancy ( =eign despotism4 ,b x is ) revolutions z ) comm]ce1 ! advantages increase by _! becom+ g5]al1 & d\ble to ei!r :at ea* w\ld receive alone4 ,z a new sy/em is n[ op5+ to ! view ( ! _w1 ! ,european c\rts are plott+ to c\nt]act x4 ,alliances1 contr>y to all =m] sy/ems1 are agitat+1 & a common int]e/ ( c\rts is =m+ aga9/ ! common int]e/ ( man4 ,?is comb9ation draws a l9e t runs ?r\gh\t ,europe1 & pres5ts a cause s entirely new z to exclude all calculations f =m] circum/ances4 ,:ile despotism w>r$ ) despotism1 man _h no int]e/ 9 ! conte/2 b 9 a cause t unites ! soldi] ) ! citiz51 & nation ) nation1 ! despotism ( c\rts1 ?\gh x feels ! dang] & m$itates rev5ge1 is afraid to /rike4 ,no "q has aris5 )9 ! records ( hi/ory t press$ ) ! importance ( ! pres5t4 ,x is n :e!r ?is or t p>ty %all be 9 or n1 or ,:ig or ,tory1 high or l[ %all prevail2 b :e!r man %all inh]it 8 rights1 & univ]sal civilisation take place8 ,:e!r ! fruits ( 8 lab\rs %all be enjoy$ by himself or consum$ by ! pr(ligacy ( gov]nm5ts8 ,:e!r robb]y %all be bani%$ f c\rts1 & wret*$ness f c\ntries8 ,:51 9 c\ntries t are call$ civilis$1 we see age go+ to ! workh\se & y\? to ! gall[s1 some?+ mu/ be wrong 9 ! sy/em ( gov]nm5t4 ,x w\ld seem1 by ! ext]ior appe>ance ( su* c\ntries1 t all 0 happ9ess2 b !re lies hidd5 f ! eye ( common obs]vation1 a mass ( wret*$ness1 t has sc>cely any o!r *ance1 ?an to expire 9 pov]ty or infamy4 ,its entrance into life is m>k$ ) ! presage ( its fate2 & until ?is is rem$i$1 x is 9 va9 to puni%4 ,civil gov]nm5t does n exi/ 9 executions2 b 9 mak+ su* provision = ! in/ruction ( y\? & ! support ( age1 z to exclude1 z mu* z possible1 pr(ligacy f ! "o & despair f ! o!r4 ,in/ead ( ?is1 ! res\rces ( a c\ntry are lavi%$ ^u k+s1 ^u c\rts1 ^u hirel+s1 impo/ors & pro/itutes2 & ev5 ! poor !mselves1 ) all _! wants ^u !m1 are compell$ to support ! fraud t oppresses !m4 ,:y is x t sc>cely any are execut$ b ! poor8 ,! fact is a pro(1 among o!r ?+s1 ( a wret*$ness 9 _! condition4 ,br$ up )\t morals1 & ca/ ^u ! _w )\t a prospect1 !y are ! expos$ sacrifice ( vice & legal b>b>ity4 ,! millions t are sup]flu\sly wa/$ ^u gov]nm5ts are m ?an suffici5t to re=m ^? evils1 & to b5efit ! condition ( e man 9 a nation1 n includ$ )9 ! purlieus ( a c\rt4 ,?is ,i hope to make appe> 9 ! progress ( ?is "w4 ,x is ! nature ( compassion to associate ) mis=tune4 ,9 tak+ up ?is subject ,i seek no recomp5se--,i fe> no consequ5ce4 ,=tifi$ ) t pr\d integrity1 t disda9s to triumph or to yield1 ,i w advocate ! ,rights ( ,man4 ,x is to my advantage t ,i h s]v$ an appr5tice%ip to life4 ,i "k ! value ( moral in/ruction1 & ,i h se5 ! dang] ( ! contr>y4 ,at an e>ly p]iod--little m ?an sixte5 ye>s ( age1 raw & adv5tur\s1 & heat$ ) ! false h]oism ( a ma/]99#bg :o _h s]v$ 9 a man-(-w>--,i began ! c>v] ( my own =tune1 & ent]$ on bo>d ! ,t]rible ,private]1 ,capta9 ,dea?4 ,f ?is adv5ture ,i 0 happily prev5t$ by ! affectionate & moral remon/rance ( a good fa!r1 :o1 f 8 own habits ( life1 be+ ( ! ,quak] pr(ession1 mu/ beg9 to look ^u me z lo/4 ,b ! impression1 mu* z x effect$ at ! "t1 began to we> away1 & ,i ent]$ aft]w>ds 9 ! ,k+ ( ,prussia ,private]1 ,capta9 ,m5dez1 & w5t ) h] to sea4 ,yet1 f su* a beg9n+1 & ) all ! inconv5i5ce ( e>ly life aga9/ me1 ,i am pr\d to say1 t ) a p]sev]ance undismay$ by difficulties1 a dis9t]e/$ness t compell$ respect1 ,i h n only contribut$ to raise a new empire 9 ! _w1 f\nd$ on a new sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 b ,i h arriv$ at an em95ce 9 political lit]ature1 ! mo/ difficult ( all l9es to succe$ & excel 91 :i* ari/ocracy ) all its aids has n be5 able to rea* or to rival499#bh ,kn[+ my own he>t & feel+ myself z ,i n[ d1 sup]ior to all ! skirmi% ( p>ty1 ! invet]acy ( int]e/$ or mi/ak5 oppon5ts1 ,i answ] n to falsehood or abuse1 b proce$ to ! defects ( ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t4 ,i beg9 ) *>t]s & corporations4 ,x is a p]v]sion ( t]ms to say t a *>t] gives rights4 ,x op]ates by a contr>y effect--t ( tak+ rights away4 ,rights are inh]5tly 9 all ! inhabitants2 b *>t]s1 by annull+ ^? rights1 9 ! majority1 leave ! "r1 by exclusion1 9 ! h&s ( a few4 ,if *>t]s 7 con/ruct$ s z to express 9 direct t]ms1 t e inhabitant1 :o is n a memb] ( a corporation1 %all n ex]cise ! "r ( vot+1 su* *>t]s w\ld1 9 ! face1 be *>t]s n ( rights1 b ( exclusion4 ,! effect is ! same "u ! =m !y n[ /&2 & ! only p]sons on :om !y op]ate are ! p]sons :om !y exclude4 ,^? ^: rights are gu>ante$1 by n be+ tak5 away1 ex]cise no o!r rights ?an z memb]s ( ! community !y are entitl$ to )\t a *>t]2 &1 !re=e1 all *>t]s h no o!r ?an an indirect negative op]ation4 ,!y d n give rights to ,a1 b !y make a diff]5ce 9 fav\r ( ,a by tak+ away ! "r ( ,b1 & consequ5tly are in/rum5ts ( inju/ice4 ,b *>t]s & corporations h a m ext5sive evil effect ?an :at relates m]ely to elections4 ,!y are s\rces ( endless cont5tions 9 ! places :]e !y exi/1 & !y less5 ! common rights ( national society4 ,a native ( ,engl&1 "u ! op]ation ( ^! *>t]s & corporations1 _c be said to be an ,engli%man 9 ! full s5se ( ! ^w4 ,he is n free ( ! nation1 9 ! same mann] t a ,fr5*man is free ( ,france1 & an ,am]ican ( ,am]ica4 ,8 rights are circumscrib$ to ! t[n1 &1 9 "s cases1 to ! p>i% ( 8 bir?2 & all o!r p>ts1 ?\gh 9 8 native l&1 are to him z a =eign c\ntry4 ,to acquire a resid5ce 9 ^!1 he mu/ und]go a local naturalisation by pur*ase1 or he is =bidd5 or expell$ ! place4 ,?is species ( feudality is kept up to aggr&ise ! corporations at ! ru9 ( t[ns2 & ! effect is visible4 ,! g5]ality ( corporation t[ns are 9 a /ate ( solit>y decay1 & prev5t$ f fur!r ru9 only by "s circum/ance 9 _! situation1 su* z a navigable riv]1 or a pl5tiful surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,z population is "o ( ! *ief s\rces ( weal? 7= )\t x l& itself has no value71 ev]y?+ :i* op]ates to prev5t x mu/ less5 ! value ( prop]ty2 & z corporations h n only ?is t5d5cy1 b directly ?is effect1 !y _c b be injuri\s4 ,if any policy 7 to be foll[$1 in/ead ( t ( g5]al fre$om1 to e p]son to settle :]e he *ose 7z 9 ,france or ,am]ica7 x w\ld be m consi/5t to give enc\ragem5t to new com]s ?an to preclude _! admission by exact+ premiums f !m499#bi ,! p]sons mo/ imm$iately int]e/$ 9 ! abolition ( corporations are ! inhabitants ( ! t[ns :]e corporations are e/abli%$4 ,! in/ances ( ,man*e/]1 ,birm+ham1 & ,%effield %[1 by contra/1 ! injuries :i* ^? ,go?ic in/itutions are to prop]ty & comm]ce4 ,a few examples may be f\nd1 su* z t ( ,london1 ^: natural & comm]cial advantage1 ow+ to its situation on ! ,?ames1 is capable ( be>+ up aga9/ ! political evils ( a corporation2 b 9 almo/ all o!r cases ! fatality is too visible to be d\bt$ or d5i$4 ,?\gh ! :ole nation is n s directly affect$ by ! depression ( prop]ty 9 corporation t[ns z ! inhabitants !mselves1 x p>takes ( ! consequ5ce4 ,by less5+ ! value ( prop]ty1 ! quantity ( national comm]ce is curtail$4 ,e man is a cu/om] 9 proportion to 8 ability2 & z all p>ts ( a nation trade ) ea* o!r1 :atev] affects any ( ! p>ts mu/ necess>ily communicate to ! :ole4 ,z "o ( ! ,h\ses ( ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t is1 9 a great measure1 made up ( elections f ^! corporations2 & z x is unnatural t a pure /ream %\ld fl[ f a f\l f\nta91 its vices are b a cont9uation ( ! vices ( its orig94 ,a man ( moral hon\r & good political pr9ciples _c submit to ! mean drudg]y & disgraceful arts1 by :i* su* elections are c>ri$4 ,to be a successful c&idate1 he mu/ be de/itute ( ! qualities t con/itute a j legislator2 & be+ ?us discipl9$ to corruption by ! mode ( ent]+ into ,p>liam5t1 x is n to be expect$ t ! repres5tative %\ld be bett] ?an ! man4 ,mr4 ,burke1 9 speak+ ( ! ,engli% repres5tation1 has advanc$ z bold a *all5ge z ev] 0 giv5 9 ! days ( *ivalry4 ,our repres5tation1 says he1 has be5 f\nd p]fectly adequate to all ! purposes = :i* a repres5tation ( ! p c be desir$ or devis$4 ,i defy1 cont9ues he1 ! enemies ( our con/itution to %[ ! contr>y4--,?is decl>ation f a man :o has be5 9 con/ant opposition to all ! measures ( p>liam5t ! :ole ( 8 political life1 a ye> or two except$1 is mo/ extraord9>y2 &1 comp>+ him ) himself1 admits ( no o!r alt]native1 ?an t he act$ aga9/ 8 judgm5t z a memb]1 or has decl>$ contr>y to x z an au?or4 ,b x is n 9 ! repres5tation only t ! defects lie1 & !re=e ,i proce$ 9 ! next place to ! ari/ocracy4 ,:at is call$ ! ,h\se ( ,pe]s1 is con/itut$ on a gr\nd v simil> to t1 aga9/ :i* !re is no law 9 o!r cases4 ,x am\nts to a comb9ation ( p]sons 9 "o common int]e/4 ,no bett] reason c be giv51 :y a h\se ( legislation %\ld be compos$ entirely ( m5 ^: occupation consi/s 9 lett+ l&$ prop]ty1 ?an :y x %\ld be compos$ ( ^? :o hire1 or ( brew]s1 or bak]s1 or any o!r sep>ate class ( m54 ,mr4 ,burke calls ?is h\se ! great gr\nd & pill> ( security to ! l&$ int]e/4 ,let u exam9e ?is idea4 ,:at pill> ( security does ! l&$ int]e/ require m ?an any o!r int]e/ 9 ! /ate1 or :at "r has x to a di/9ct & sep>ate repres5tation f ! g5]al int]e/ ( a nation8 ,! only use to be made ( ?is p[] 7& :i* x always has made71 is to w>d (f taxes f itself1 & ?r[ ! bur!n ^u ^? articles ( consumption by :i* itself w\ld be lea/ affect$4 ,t ?is has be5 ! consequ5ce 7& w always be ! consequ5ce7 ( con/ruct+ gov]nm5ts on comb9ations1 is evid5t ) respect to ,engl&1 f ! hi/ory ( its taxes4 ,not)/&+ taxes h increas$ & multipli$ ^u e article ( common consumption1 ! l&-tax1 :i* m p>ticul>ly affects ?is pill>1 has dim9i%$4 ,9 #aggh ! am\nt ( ! l&-tax 0 ,l#a1iej1jjj1 :i* is half-a-million less ?an x produc$ almo/ a hundr$ ye>s ago199#cj not)/&+ ! r5tals are 9 _m in/ances d\bl$ s9ce t p]iod4 ,be=e ! com+ ( ! ,hanov]ians1 ! taxes 7 divid$ 9 ne>ly equal proportions betwe5 ! l& & articles ( consumption1 ! l& be>+ r ! l>ge/ %>e3 b s9ce t era ne>ly ?irte5 millions annually ( new taxes h be5 ?r[n ^u consumption4 ,! consequ5ce ( :i* has be5 a con/ant increase 9 ! numb] & wret*$ness ( ! poor1 & 9 ! am\nt ( ! poor-rates4 ,yet "h aga9 ! bur!n does n fall 9 equal proportions on ! ari/ocracy ) ! re/ ( ! community4 ,_! resid5ces1 :e!r 9 t[n or c\ntry1 are n mix$ ) ! habitations ( ! poor4 ,!y live ap>t f di/ress1 & ! exp5se ( reliev+ x4 ,x is 9 manufactur+ t[ns & lab\r+ villages t ^? bur!ns press ! heavie/2 9 _m ( :i* x is "o class ( poor support+ ano!r4 ,sev]al ( ! mo/ heavy & productive taxes are s contriv$1 z to give an exemption to ?is pill>1 ?us /&+ 9 its own def5ce4 ,! tax ^u be] brew$ = sale does n affect ! ari/ocracy1 :o brew _! own be] free f ?is duty4 ,x falls only on ^? :o h n conv5i5cy or ability to brew1 & :o mu/ pur*ase x 9 small quantities4 ,b :at w mank9d ?9k ( ! ju/ice ( taxation1 :5 !y "k t ?is tax alone1 f :i* ! ari/ocracy are f circum/ances exempt1 is ne>ly equal to ! :ole ( ! l&-tax1 be+ 9 ! ye> #aghh1 & x is n less n[1 ,l#a1fff1aeb1 & ) its proportion ( ! taxes on malt & hops1 x exce$s x4--,t a s+le article1 ?us p>tially consum$1 & t *iefly by ! work+ "p1 %\ld be subject to a tax1 equal to t on ! :ole r5tal ( a nation1 is1 p]haps1 a fact n to be p>allel$ 9 ! hi/ories ( rev5ues4 ,?is is "o ( ! circum/ances result+ f a h\se ( legislation1 compos$ on ! gr\nd ( a comb9ation ( common int]e/2 = :atev] _! sep>ate politics z to p>ties may be1 9 ?is !y are unit$4 ,:e!r a comb9ation acts to raise ! price ( any article = sale1 or rate ( wages2 or :e!r x acts to ?r[ taxes f itself ^u ano!r class ( ! community1 ! pr9ciple & ! effect are ! same2 & if ! "o be illegal1 x w be difficult to %[ t ! o!r ought to exi/4 ,x is no use to say t taxes are fir/ propos$ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons2 = z ! o!r h\se has always a negative1 x c always def5d itself2 & x w\ld be ridicul\s to suppose t its acquiesc5ce 9 ! measures to be propos$ 7 n und]/ood be=e h&4 ,besides :i*1 x has obta9$ s mu* influ5ce by bor\gh-traffic1 & s _m ( its relations & connections are di/ribut$ on bo? sides ! commons1 z to give x1 besides an absolute negative 9 "o h\se1 a prepond]ancy 9 ! o!r1 9 all matt]s ( common conc]n4 ,x is difficult to discov] :at is meant by ! l&$ int]e/1 if x does n mean a comb9ation ( ari/ocratical l&hold]s1 oppos+ _! own pecuni>y int]e/ to t ( ! f>m]1 & e bran* ( trade1 comm]ce1 & manufacture4 ,9 all o!r respects x is ! only int]e/ t ne$s no p>tial protection4 ,x enjoys ! g5]al protection ( ! _w4 ,e individual1 high or l[1 is int]e/$ 9 ! fruits ( ! e>?2 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 ( all ages & degrees1 w turn out to assi/ ! f>m]1 r ?an a h>ve/ %\ld n be got 92 & !y w n act ?us by any o!r prop]ty4 ,x is ! only "o = :i* ! common pray] ( mank9d is put up1 & ! only "o t c nev] fail f ! want ( means4 ,x is ! int]e/1 n ( ! policy1 b ( ! exi/5ce ( man1 & :5 x ceases1 he mu/ cease to be4 ,no o!r int]e/ 9 a nation /&s on ! same unit$ support4 ,comm]ce1 manufactures1 arts1 sci5ces1 & ev]y?+ else1 comp>$ ) ?is1 are support$ b 9 p>ts4 ,_! prosp]ity or _! decay has n ! same univ]sal influ5ce4 ,:5 ! valleys laugh & s+1 x is n ! f>m] only1 b all creation t rejoice4 ,x is a prosp]ity t excludes all envy2 & ?is _c be said ( any?+ else4 ,:y !n1 does ,mr4 ,burke talk ( 8 h\se ( pe]s z ! pill> ( ! l&$ int]e/8 ,7 t pill> to s9k into ! e>?1 ! same l&$ prop]ty w\ld cont9ue1 & ! same pl\gh+1 s[+1 & reap+ w\ld g on4 ,! ari/ocracy are n ! f>m]s :o "w ! l&1 & raise ! produce1 b are ! m]e consum]s ( ! r5t2 & :5 comp>$ ) ! active _w are ! drones1 a s]aglio ( males1 :o nei!r collect ! honey nor =m ! hive1 b exi/ only = lazy enjoym5t4 ,mr4 ,burke1 9 8 fir/ essay1 call$ ari/ocracy ! ,cor9?ian capital ( poli%$ society4 ,t[>ds complet+ ! figure1 he has n[ add$ ! pill>2 b /ill ! base is want+2 & :5ev] a nation *oose to act a ,samson1 n bl9d1 b bold1 d[n w g ! temple ( ,dagon1 ! ,lords & ! ,phili/9es4 ,if a h\se ( legislation is to be compos$ ( m5 ( "o class1 = ! purpose ( protect+ a di/9ct int]e/1 all ! o!r int]e/s %\ld h ! same4 ,! inequality1 z well z ! bur!n ( taxation1 arises f admitt+ x 9 "o case1 & n 9 all4 ,_h !re be5 a h\se ( f>m]s1 !re _h be5 no game laws2 or a h\se ( m]*ants & manufactur]s1 ! taxes _h nei!r be5 s unequal nor s excessive4 ,x is f ! p[] ( taxation be+ 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o c ?r[ s great a "p ( x f _! own %\ld]s1 t x has rag$ )\t a *eck4 ,m5 ( small or mod]ate e/ates are m injur$ by ! taxes be+ ?r[n on articles ( consumption1 ?an !y are eas$ by w>d+ x f l&$ prop]ty1 = ! foll[+ reasons3 ,fir/1 ,!y consume m ( ! productive taxable articles1 9 proportion to _! prop]ty1 ?an ^? ( l>ge e/ates4 ,secondly1 ,_! resid5ce is *iefly 9 t[ns1 & _! prop]ty 9 h\ses2 & ! increase ( ! poor-rates1 occasion$ by taxes on consumption1 is 9 mu* great] proportion ?an ! l&-tax has be5 fav\r$4 ,9 ,birm+ham1 ! poor-rates are n less ?an sev5 %ill+s 9 ! p\nd4 ,f ?is1 z is already obs]v$1 ! ari/ocracy are 9 a great measure exempt4 ,^! are b a "p ( ! mis*iefs fl[+ f ! wret*$ s*eme ( an h\se ( pe]s4 ,z a comb9ation1 x c always ?r[ a consid]able portion ( taxes f itself2 & z an h]$it>y h\se1 acc\ntable to nobody1 x resembles a rott5 bor\gh1 ^: cons5t is to be c\rt$ by int]e/4 ,!re are b few ( its memb]s1 :o are n 9 "s mode or o!r p>ticipators1 or dispos]s ( ! public money4 ,"o turns a c&le-hold]1 or a "l 9 wait+2 ano!r a "l ( ! b$-*amb]1 a groom ( ! /ole1 or any insignificant nom9al (fice to :i* a sal>y is annex$1 paid out ( ! public taxes1 & :i* avoids ! direct appe>ance ( corruption4 ,su* situations are d]ogatory to ! "* ( man2 & :]e !y c be submitt$ to1 hon\r _c reside4 ,to all ^! are to be add$ ! num]\s dep5dants1 ! long li/ ( y\ng] bran*es & di/ant relations1 :o are to be provid$ = at ! public exp5se3 9 %ort1 7 an e/imation to be made ( ! *>ge ( ari/ocracy to a nation1 x w be f\nd ne>ly equal to t ( support+ ! poor4 ,! ,duke ( ,ri*mond alone 7& !re are cases simil> to 87 takes away z mu* = himself z w\ld ma9ta9 two ?\s& poor & ag$ p]sons4 ,is x1 !n1 any wond]1 t "u su* a sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 taxes & rates h multipli$ to _! pres5t ext5t8 ,9 /at+ ^! matt]s1 ,i speak an op5 & dis9t]e/$ language1 dictat$ by no passion b t ( humanity4 ,to me1 :o h n only refus$ (f]s1 because ,i ?\ght !m improp]1 b h decl9$ rew>ds ,i might ) reputation h accept$1 x is no wond] t meanness & imposition appe> disgu/ful4 ,indep5d5ce is my happ9ess1 & ,i view ?+s z !y are1 )\t reg>d to place or p]son2 my c\ntry is ! _w1 & my religion is to d good4 ,mr4 ,burke1 9 speak+ ( ! ari/ocratical law ( primog5iture1 says1 x is ! /&+ law ( our l&$ inh]itance2 & :i*1 )\t "q1 has a t5d5cy1 & ,i ?9k1 cont9ues he1 a happy t5d5cy1 to pres]ve a "* ( weight & consequ5ce4 ,mr4 ,burke may call ?is law :at he pleases1 b humanity & imp>tial reflection w d5\nce x z a law ( brutal inju/ice4 ,7 we n accu/om$ to ! daily practice1 & did we only he> ( x z ! law ( "s di/ant "p ( ! _w1 we %\ld conclude t ! legislators ( su* c\ntries _h n arriv$ at a /ate ( civilisation4 ,z to its pres]v+ a "* ( weight & consequ5ce1 ! case appe>s to me directly ! rev]se4 ,x is an atta9t ^u "*2 a sort ( private]+ on family prop]ty4 ,x may h weight among dep5d5t t5ants1 b x gives none on a scale ( national1 & mu* less ( univ]sal "*4 ,speak+ = myself1 my p>5ts 7 n able to give me a %ill+1 beyond :at !y gave me 9 education2 & to d ?is !y di/ress$ !mselves3 yet1 ,i possess m ( :at is call$ consequ5ce1 9 ! _w1 ?an any "o 9 ,mr4 ,burke's catalogue ( ari/ocrats4 ,hav+ ?us glanc$ at "s ( ! defects ( ! two h\ses ( p>liam5t1 ,i proce$ to :at is call$ ! cr[n1 ^u :i* ,i %all be v concise4 ,x signifies a nom9al (fice ( a million /]l+ a ye>1 ! bus9ess ( :i* consi/s 9 receiv+ ! money4 ,:e!r ! p]son be wise or fooli%1 sane or insane1 a native or a =eign]1 matt]s n4 ,e m9i/ry acts ^u ! same idea t ,mr4 ,burke writes1 namely1 t ! p mu/ be hood-w9k$1 & held 9 sup]/iti\s ignorance by "s bugbe> or o!r2 & :at is call$ ! cr[n answ]s ?is purpose1 & !re=e x answ]s all ! purposes to be expect$ f x4 ,?is is m ?an c be said ( ! o!r two bran*es4 ,! haz>d to :i* ?is (fice is expos$ 9 all c\ntries1 is n f any?+ t c happ5 to ! man1 b f :at may happ5 to ! nation--! dang] ( its com+ to its s5ses4 ,x has be5 cu/om>y to call ! cr[n ! executive p[]1 & ! cu/om is cont9u$1 ?\gh ! reason has ceas$4 ,x 0 call$ ! executive1 because ! p]son :om x signifi$ us$1 =m]ly1 to act 9 ! "* ( a judge1 9 adm9i/]+ or execut+ ! laws4 ,! tribunals 7 !n a "p ( ! c\rt4 ,! p[]1 !re=e1 :i* is n[ call$ ! judicial1 is :at 0 call$ ! executive &1 consequ5tly1 "o or o!r ( ! t]ms is r$undant1 & "o ( ! (fices useless4 ,:5 we speak ( ! cr[n n[1 x means no?+2 x signifies nei!r a judge nor a g5]al3 besides :i* x is ! laws t gov]n1 & n ! man4 ,! old t]ms are kept up1 to give an appe>ance ( consequ5ce to empty =ms2 & ! only effect !y h is t ( increas+ exp5ses4 ,be=e ,i proce$ to ! means ( r5d]+ gov]nm5ts m conducive to ! g5]al happ9ess ( mank9d1 ?an !y are at pres5t1 x w n be improp] to take a review ( ! progress ( taxation 9 ,engl&4 ,x is a g5]al idea1 t :5 taxes are once laid on1 !y are nev] tak5 (f4 ,h[ev] true ?is may h be5 ( late1 x 0 n always s4 ,ei!r1 !re=e1 ! p ( =m] times 7 m wat*ful ov] gov]nm5t ?an ^? ( ! pres5t1 or gov]nm5t 0 adm9i/]$ ) less extravagance4 ,x is n[ sev5 hundr$ ye>s s9ce ! ,norman conque/1 & ! e/abli%m5t ( :at is call$ ! cr[n4 ,tak+ ?is portion ( "t 9 sev5 sep>ate p]iods ( "o hundr$ ye>s ea*1 ! am\nt ( ! annual taxes1 at ea* p]iod1 w be z foll[s3 ,annual taxes levi$ by ,william ! ,conqu]or1 beg9n+ 9 ! ye> #ajff ,l#djj1jjj ,annual taxes at #ajj ye>s f ! conque/ 7#aaff7 #bjj1jjj ,annual taxes at #bjj ye>s f ! conque/ 7#abff7 #aej1jjj ,annual taxes at #cjj ye>s f ! conque/ 7#acff7 #acj1jjj ,annual taxes at #djj ye>s f ! conque/ 7#adff7 #ajj1jjj ,^! /atem5ts & ^? :i* foll[1 are tak5 f ,sir ,john ,s9clair's ,hi/ory ( ! ,rev5ue2 by :i* x appe>s1 t taxes cont9u$ decreas+ = f\r hundr$ ye>s1 at ! expiration ( :i* "t !y 7 r$uc$ ?ree-f\r?s1 viz41 f f\r hundr$ ?\s& p\nds to "o hundr$ ?\s&4 ,! p ( ,engl& ( ! pres5t day1 h a tradition>y & hi/orical idea ( ! brav]y ( _! ance/ors2 b :atev] _! virtues or _! vices might h be51 !y c]ta9ly 7 a p :o w\ld n be impos$ ^u1 & :o kept gov]nm5ts 9 awe z to taxation1 if n z to pr9ciple4 ,?\gh !y 7 n able to expel ! mon>*ical usurpation1 !y re/rict$ x to a republican economy ( taxes4 ,let u n[ review ! rema9+ ?ree hundr$ ye>s3 ,annual am\nt ( taxes at3 #ejj ye>s f ! conque/ 7#aeff7 #ejj1jjj #fjj ye>s f ! conque/ 7#afff7 #a1hjj1jjj ! pres5t "t 7#agia7 #ag1jjj1jjj ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! fir/ f\r hundr$ ye>s & ! la/ ?ree1 is s a/oni%+1 z to w>rant an op9ion1 t ! national "* ( ! ,engli% has *ang$4 ,x w\ld h be5 impossible to h dragoon$ ! =m] ,engli%1 into ! excess ( taxation t n[ exi/s2 & :5 x is consid]$ t ! pay ( ! army1 ! navy1 & ( all ! rev5ue (fic]s1 is ! same n[ z x 0 ab\t a hundr$ ye>s ago1 :5 ! taxes 7 n above a t5? "p ( :at !y are at pres5t1 x appe>s impossible to acc\nt = ! enorm\s increase & exp5diture on any o!r gr\nd1 ?an extravagance1 corruption1 & intrigue499#ca ,) ! ,revolution ( #afhh1 & m s s9ce ! ,hanov] succession1 came ! de/ructive sy/em ( cont95tal intrigues1 & ! rage = =eign w>s & =eign dom9ion2 sy/ems ( su* secure my/]y t ! exp5ses admit ( no acc\nts2 a s+le l9e /&s = millions4 ,to :at excess taxation might h ext5d$ _h n ! ,fr5* revolution contribut$ to break up ! sy/em1 & put an end to pret5ces1 is impossible to say4 ,view$1 z t revolution ought to be1 z ! =tunate means ( less5+ ! load ( taxes ( bo? c\ntries1 x is ( z mu* importance to ,engl& z to ,france2 &1 if prop]ly improv$ to all ! advantages ( :i* x is capable1 & to :i* x leads1 des]ves z mu* celebration 9 "o c\ntry z ! o!r4 ,9 pursu+ ?is subject1 ,i %all beg9 ) ! matt] t fir/ pres5ts itself1 t ( less5+ ! bur!n ( taxes2 & %all !n add su* matt] & propositions1 respect+ ! ?ree c\ntries ( ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,am]ica1 z ! pres5t prospect ( ?+s appe>s to ju/ify3 ,i mean1 an alliance ( ! ?ree1 = ! purposes t w be m5tion$ 9 _! prop] place4 ,:at has happ5$ may happ5 aga94 ,by ! /atem5t be=e %[n ( ! progress ( taxation1 x is se5 t taxes h be5 less5$ to a f\r? "p ( :at !y _h =m]ly be54 ,?\gh ! pres5t circum/ances d n admit ( ! same r$uction1 yet !y admit ( su* a beg9n+1 z may accompli% t end 9 less "t ?an 9 ! =m] case4 ,! am\nt ( taxes = ! ye> end+ at ,mi*aelmas #aghh1 0 z foll[s3 ,l&-tax ,l #a1iej1jjj ,cu/oms #c1ghi1bgd ,excise 7includ+ old & new malt7 #f1gea1gbg ,/amps #a1bgh1bad ,miscellane\s taxes & incid5ts #a1hjc1gee ----------- ,l#ae1egb1gee ,s9ce ! ye> #aghh1 upw>ds ( "o million new taxes h be5 laid on1 besides ! produce ( ! lott]ies2 & z ! taxes h 9 g5]al be5 m productive s9ce ?an be=e1 ! am\nt may be tak51 9 r\nd numb]s1 at ,l#ag1jjj1jjj4 7,! exp5se ( collection & ! drawbacks1 :i* toge!r am\nt to ne>ly two millions1 are paid out ( ! gross am\nt2 & ! above is ! net sum paid into ! ex*equ]74 ,?is sum ( sev5te5 millions is appli$ to two diff]5t purposes2 ! "o to pay ! int]e/ ( ! ,national ,debt1 ! o!r to ! curr5t exp5ses ( ea* ye>4 ,ab\t n9e millions are appropriat$ to ! =m]2 & ! rema9d]1 be+ ne>ly eight millions1 to ! latt]4 ,z to ! million1 said to be appli$ to ! r$uction ( ! debt1 x is s mu* l pay+ ) "o h& & tak+ out ) ! o!r1 z n to m]it mu* notice4 ,x happ5$1 =tunately = ,france1 t %e possess$ national doma9s = pay+ (f h] debt1 & !reby less5+ h] taxes2 b z ?is is n ! case ) ,engl&1 h] r$uction ( taxes c only take place by r$uc+ ! curr5t exp5ses1 :i* may n[ be done to ! am\nt ( f\r or five millions annually1 z w h]eaft] appe>4 ,:5 ?is is accompli%$ x w m ?an c\nt]-balance ! enorm\s *>ge ( ! ,am]ican w>2 & ! sav+ w be f ! same s\rce f :5ce ! evil arose4 ,z to ! national debt1 h[ev] heavy ! int]e/ may be 9 taxes1 yet1 z x s]ves to keep alive a capital useful to comm]ce1 x balances by its effects a consid]able "p ( its own weight2 & z ! quantity ( gold & silv] is1 by "s means or o!r1 %ort ( its prop] proportion1 be+ n m ?an tw5ty millions1 :]eas x %\ld be sixty 7=eign intrigue1 =eign w>s1 =eign dom9ions1 w 9 a great measure acc\nt = ! defici5cy71 x w\ld1 besides ! inju/ice1 be bad policy to ext+ui% a capital t s]ves to supply t defect4 ,b ) respect to ! curr5t exp5se1 :atev] is sav$ !refrom is ga94 ,! excess may s]ve to keep corruption alive1 b x has no re-action on cr$it & comm]ce1 l ! int]e/ ( ! debt4 ,x is n[ v probable t ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t 7,i d n mean ! nation7 is unfri5dly to ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,:atev] s]ves to expose ! intrigue & less5 ! influ5ce ( c\rts1 by less5+ taxation1 w be unwelcome to ^? :o fe$ ^u ! spoil4 ,:il/ ! clam\r ( ,fr5* intrigue1 arbitr>y p[]1 pop]y1 & wood5 %oes c\ld be kept up1 ! nation 0 easily allur$ & al>m$ into taxes4 ,^? days are n[ pa/3 deception1 x is to be hop$1 has reap$ its la/ h>ve/1 & bett] times are 9 prospect = bo? c\ntries1 & = ! _w4 ,tak+ x = grant$ t an alliance may be =m$ betwe5 ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,am]ica = ! purposes h]eaft] to be m5tion$1 ! national exp5ses ( ,france & ,engl& may consequ5tly be less5$4 ,! same fleets & armies w no long] be necess>y to ei!r1 & ! r$uction c be made %ip = %ip on ea* side4 ,b to accompli% ^! objects ! gov]nm5ts mu/ necess>ily be fitt$ to a common & correspond5t pr9ciple4 ,confid5ce c nev] take place :ile an ho/ile disposition rema9s 9 ei!r1 or :]e my/]y & secrecy on "o side is oppos$ to c&\r & op5ness on ! o!r4 ,^! matt]s admitt$1 ! national exp5ses might be put back1 = ! sake ( a prec$5t1 to :at !y 7 at "s p]iod :5 ,france & ,engl& 7 n enemies4 ,?is1 consequ5tly1 mu/ be prior to ! ,hanov] succession1 & also to ! ,revolution ( #afhh499cb ,! fir/ in/ance t pres5ts itself1 antec$5t to ^? dates1 is 9 ! v wa/eful & pr(ligate times ( ,*>les ! ,second2 at :i* "t ,engl& & ,france act$ z allies4 ,if ,i h *os5 a p]iod ( great extravagance1 x w s]ve to %[ mod]n extravagance 9 a /ill worse light2 especially z ! pay ( ! navy1 ! army1 & ! rev5ue (fic]s has n increas$ s9ce t "t4 ,! peace e/abli%m5t 0 !n z foll[s 7see ,sir ,john ,s9clair's ,hi/ory ( ! ,rev5ue73 ,navy ,l #cjj1jjj ,army #bab1jjj ,ordnance #dj1jjj ,civil ,li/ #dfb1aae ------- ,l#a1jad1aae ,! p>liam5t1 h[ev]1 settl$ ! :ole annual peace e/abli%m5t at #a1bjj1jjj499cc ,if we g back to ! "t ( ,elizabe? ! am\nt ( all ! taxes 0 b half a million1 yet ! nation sees no?+ dur+ t p]iod t reproa*es x ) want ( consequ5ce4 ,all circum/ances1 !n1 tak5 toge!r1 aris+ f ! ,fr5* revolution1 f ! approa*+ h>mony & reciprocal int]e/ ( ! two nations1 ! abolition ( ! c\rt intrigue on bo? sides1 & ! progress ( k 9 ! sci5ce ( gov]nm5t1 ! annual exp5diture might be put back to "o million & a half1 viz43 ,navy ,l #ejj1jjj ,army #ejj1jjj ,exp5ses ( ,gov]nm5t #ejj1jjj ---------- ,l#a1ejj1jjj ,ev5 ?is sum is six times great] ?an ! exp5ses ( gov]nm5t are 9 ,am]ica1 yet ! civil int]nal gov]nm5t 9 ,engl& 7,i mean t adm9i/]$ by means ( qu>t] sessions1 juries & assize1 & :i*1 9 fact1 is ne>ly ! :ole1 & p]=m$ by ! nation71 is less exp5se ^u ! rev5ue1 ?an ! same species & portion ( gov]nm5t is 9 ,am]ica4 ,x is "t t nations %\ld be rational1 & n be gov]n$ l animals1 = ! pleasure ( _! rid]s4 ,to read ! hi/ory ( k+s1 a man w\ld be almo/ incl9$ to suppose t gov]nm5t consi/$ 9 /ag-hunt+1 & t e nation paid a million a-ye> to a huntsman4 ,man ought to h pride1 or %ame en\gh to blu% at be+ ?us impos$ ^u1 & :5 he feels 8 prop] "* he w4 ,^u all subjects ( ?is nature1 !re is (t5 pass+ 9 ! m9d1 a tra9 ( ideas he has n yet accu/om$ himself to enc\rage & communicate4 ,re/ra9$ by some?+ t puts on ! "* ( prud5ce1 he acts ! hypocrite ^u himself z well z to o!rs4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 curi\s to obs]ve h[ soon ?is spell c be dissolv$4 ,a s+le expression1 boldly conceiv$ & utt]$1 w sometimes put a :ole company into _! prop] feel+s3 & :ole nations are act$ on 9 ! same mann]4 ,z to ! (fices ( :i* any civil gov]nm5t may be compos$1 x matt]s b little by :at names !y are describ$4 ,9 ! r\t9e ( bus9ess1 z be=e obs]v$1 :e!r a man be /yl$ a presid5t1 a k+1 an emp]or1 a s5ator1 or any?+ else1 x is impossible t any s]vice he c p]=m1 c m]it f a nation m ?an t5 ?\s& p\nds a ye>2 & z no man %\ld be paid beyond 8 s]vices1 s e man ( a prop] he>t w n accept m4 ,public money ought to be t\*$ ) ! mo/ scrupul\s consci\sness ( hon\r4 ,x is n ! produce ( ri*es only1 b ( ! h>d e>n+s ( lab\r & pov]ty4 ,x is drawn ev5 f ! bitt]ness ( want & mis]y4 ,n a begg> passes1 or p]i%es 9 ! /reets1 ^: mite is n 9 t mass4 ,7 x possible t ! ,congress ( ,am]ica c\ld be s lo/ to _! duty1 & to ! int]e/ ( _! con/itu5ts1 z to (f] ,g5]al ,wa%+ton1 z presid5t ( ,am]ica1 a million a ye>1 he w\ld n1 & he c\ld n1 accept x4 ,8 s5se ( hon\r is ( ano!r k9d4 ,x has co/ ,engl& almo/ sev5ty millions /]l+1 to ma9ta9 a family import$ f abroad1 ( v inf]ior capacity to ?\s&s 9 ! nation2 & sc>cely a ye> has pass$ t has n produc$ "s new m]c5>y application4 ,ev5 ! physicians' bills h be5 s5t to ! public to be paid4 ,no wond] t jails are cr[d$1 & taxes & poor-rates increas$4 ,"u su* sy/ems1 no?+ is to be look$ = b :at has already happ5$2 & z to re=mation1 :5ev] x come1 x mu/ be f ! nation1 & n f ! gov]nm5t4 ,to %[ t ! sum ( five hundr$ ?\s& p\nds is m ?an suffici5t to defray all ! exp5ses ( ! gov]nm5t1 exclusive ( navies & armies1 ! foll[+ e/imate is add$1 = any c\ntry1 ( ! same ext5t z ,engl&4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ?ree hundr$ repres5tatives fairly elect$1 are suffici5t = all ! purposes to :i* legislation c apply1 & pref]able to a l>g] numb]4 ,!y may be divid$ into two or ?ree h\ses1 or meet 9 "o1 z 9 ,france1 or 9 any mann] a con/itution %all direct4 ,z repres5tation is always consid]$1 9 free c\ntries1 z ! mo/ hon\rable ( all /ations1 ! all[ance made to x is m]ely to defray ! exp5se :i* ! repres5tatives incur by t s]vice1 & n to x z an (fice4 ,if an all[ance1 at ! rate ( five hundr$ p\nds p] annum1 be made to e repres5tative1 d$uct+ = non-att5dance1 ! exp5se1 if ! :ole numb] att5d$ = six mon?s1 ea* ye>1 w\ld be ,l #ge1jj ,! (ficial dep>tm5ts _c reasonably exce$ ! foll[+ numb]1 ) ! sal>ies annex$3 ,?ree (fices at t5 ?\s& p\nds ea* ,l #cj1jjj ,t5 ditto1 at five ?\s& p\nds ea* #ej1jjj ,tw5ty ditto1 at two ?\s& p\nds ea* #dj1jjj ,=ty ditto1 at "o ?\s& p\nds ea* #dj1jjj ,two hundr$ ditto1 at five hundr$ p\nds ea* #ajj1jjj ,?ree hundr$ ditto1 at two hundr$ p\nds ea* #fj1jjj ,five hundr$ ditto1 at "o hundr$ p\nds ea* #ej1jjj ,sev5 hundr$ ditto1 at sev5ty-five p\nds ea* #eb1ejj -------- ,l#dig1ejj ,if a nation *oose1 x c d$uct f\r p] c5t4 f all (fices1 & make "o ( tw5ty ?\s& p] annum4 ,all rev5ue (fic]s are paid out ( ! monies !y collect1 & !re=e1 are n 9 ?is e/imation4 ,! =ego+ is n (f]$ z an exact detail ( (fices1 b to %[ ! numb] ( rate ( sal>ies :i* five hundr$ ?\s& p\nds w support2 & x w1 on exp]i5ce1 be f\nd impracticable to f9d bus9ess suffici5t to ju/ify ev5 ?is exp5se4 ,z to ! mann] 9 :i* (fice bus9ess is n[ p]=m$1 ! ,*iefs1 9 sev]al (fices1 su* z ! po/-(fice1 & c]ta9 (fices 9 ! ex*equ]1 etc41 d little m ?an sign _! names ?ree or f\r times a ye>2 & ! :ole duty is p]=m$ by "u-cl]ks4 ,tak+1 !re=e1 "o million & a half z a suffici5t peace e/abli%m5t = all ! hone/ purposes ( gov]nm5t1 :i* is ?ree hundr$ ?\s& p\nds m ?an ! peace e/abli%m5t 9 ! pr(ligate & prodigal times ( ,*>les ! ,second 7not)/&+1 z has be5 already obs]v$1 ! pay & sal>ies ( ! army1 navy1 & rev5ue (fic]s1 cont9ue ! same z at t p]iod71 !re w rema9 a surplus ( upw>ds ( six millions out ( ! pres5t curr5t exp5ses4 ,! "q !n w be1 h[ to dispose ( ?is surplus4 ,:oev] has obs]v$ ! mann] 9 :i* trade & taxes twi/ !mselves toge!r1 mu/ be s5sible ( ! impossibility ( sep>at+ !m sudd5ly4 ,fir/4 ,because ! articles n[ on h& are already *>g$ ) ! duty1 & ! r$uction _c take place on ! pres5t /ock4 ,secondly4 ,because1 on all ^? articles on :i* ! duty is *>g$ 9 ! gross1 su* z p] b>rel1 hog%ead1 hundr$ weight1 or ton1 ! abolition ( ! duty does n admit ( be+ divid$ d[n s z fully to relieve ! consum]1 :o pur*ases by ! p9t1 or ! p\nd4 ,! la/ duty laid on /rong be] & ale 0 ?ree %ill+s p] b>rel1 :i*1 if tak5 (f1 w\ld less5 ! pur*ase only half a f>?+ p] p9t1 & consequ5tly1 w\ld n rea* to practical relief4 ,?is be+ ! condition ( a great "p ( ! taxes1 x w be necess>y to look = su* o!rs z are free f ?is emb>rassm5t & :]e ! relief w be direct & visible1 & capable ( imm$iate op]ation4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !n1 ! poor-rates are a direct tax :i* e h\se-keep] feels1 & :o kn[s also1 to a f>?+1 ! sum :i* he pays4 ,! national am\nt ( ! :ole ( ! poor-rates is n positively kn[n1 b c be procur$4 ,sir ,john ,s9clair1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,rev5ue has /at$ x at ,l#b1ajj1ehg4 ,a consid]able "p ( :i* is exp5d$ 9 litigations1 9 :i* ! poor1 in/ead ( be+ reliev$1 are torm5t$4 ,! exp5se1 h[ev]1 is ! same to ! p>i% f :atev] cause x arises4 ,9 ,birm+ham1 ! am\nt ( poor-rates is f\rte5 ?\s& p\nds a ye>4 ,?is1 ?\gh a l>ge sum1 is mod]ate1 comp>$ ) ! population4 ,birm+ham is said to conta9 sev5ty ?\s& s\ls1 & on a proportion ( sev5ty ?\s& to f\rte5 ?\s& p\nds poor-rates1 ! national am\nt ( poor-rates1 tak+ ! population ( ,engl& z sev5 millions1 w\ld be b "o million f\r hundr$ ?\s& p\nds4 ,x is1 !re=e1 mo/ probable1 t ! population ( ,birm+ham is ov]-rat$4 ,f\rte5 ?\s& p\nds is ! proportion ^u fifty ?\s& s\ls1 tak+ two millions ( poor-rates1 z ! national am\nt4 ,be x1 h[ev]1 :at x may1 x is no o!r ?an ! consequ5ce ( excessive bur!n ( taxes1 =1 at ! "t :5 ! taxes 7 v l[1 ! poor 7 able to ma9ta9 !mselves2 & !re 7 no poor-rates499#cd ,9 ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s a lab\r+ man1 ) a wife or two or ?ree *ildr51 does n pay less ?an betwe5 sev5 & eight p\nds a ye> 9 taxes4 ,he is n s5sible ( ?is1 because x is disguis$ to him 9 ! articles :i* he buys1 & he ?9ks only ( _! de>ness2 b z ! taxes take f him1 at lea/1 a f\r? "p ( 8 ye>ly e>n+s1 he is consequ5tly disabl$ f provid+ = a family1 especially1 if himself1 or any ( !m1 are afflict$ ) sickness4 ,! fir/ /ep1 !re=e1 ( practical relief1 w\ld be to aboli% ! poor-rates entirely1 & 9 lieu !re(1 to make a remission ( taxes to ! poor ( d\ble ! am\nt ( ! pres5t poor-rates1 viz41 f\r millions annually out ( ! surplus taxes4 ,by ?is measure1 ! poor w\ld be b5efit$ two millions1 & ! h\se-keep]s two millions4 ,?is alone w\ld be equal to a r$uction ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty millions ( ! ,national ,debt1 & consequ5tly equal to ! :ole exp5se ( ! ,am]ican ,w>4 ,x w !n rema9 to be consid]$1 :i* is ! mo/ effectual mode ( di/ribut+ ?is remission ( f\r millions4 ,x is easily se51 t ! poor are g5]ally compos$ ( l>ge families ( *ildr51 & old p pa/ _! lab\r4 ,if ^! two classes are provid$ =1 ! rem$y w s f> rea* to ! full ext5t ( ! case1 t :at rema9s w be incid5tal1 &1 9 a great measure1 fall )9 ! compass ( b5efit clubs1 :i*1 ?\gh ( humble inv5tion1 m]it to be rank$ among ! be/ ( mod]n in/itutions4 ,admitt+ ,engl& to conta9 sev5 millions ( s\ls2 if "o-fif? !re( are ( t class ( poor :i* ne$ support1 ! numb] w be "o million f\r hundr$ ?\s&4 ,( ?is numb]1 "o hundr$ & =ty ?\s& w be ag$ poor1 z w be h]eaft] %[n1 & = :i* a di/9ct provision w be propos$4 ,!re w !n rema9 "o million two hundr$ & sixty ?\s& :i*1 at five s\ls to ea* family1 am\nt to two hundr$ & fifty-two ?\s& families1 r5d]$ poor f ! exp5se ( *ildr5 & ! weight ( taxes4 ,! numb] ( *ildr5 "u f\rte5 ye>s ( age1 9 ea* ( ^? families1 w be f\nd to be ab\t five to e two families2 "s hav+ two1 & o!rs ?ree2 "s "o1 & o!rs f\r3 "s none1 & o!rs five2 b x r>ely happ5s t m ?an five are "u f\rte5 ye>s ( age1 & aft] ?is age !y are capable ( s]vice or ( be+ appr5tic$4 ,all[+ five *ildr5 7"u f\rte5 ye>s7 to e two families1 ,! numb] ( *ildr5 w be #fcj1jjj ,! numb] ( p>5ts1 7 !y all liv+1 w\ld be #ejd1jjj ,x is c]ta91 t if ! *ildr5 are provid$ =1 ! p>5ts are reliev$ ( consequ5ce1 because x is f ! exp5se ( br++ up *ildr5 t _! pov]ty arises4 ,hav+ ?us asc]ta9$ ! greate/ numb] t c be suppos$ to ne$ support on acc\nt ( "y families1 ,i proce$ to ! mode ( relief or di/ribution1 :i* is1 ,to pay z a remission ( taxes to e poor family1 out ( ! surplus taxes1 & 9 room ( poor-rates1 f\r p\nds a ye> = e *ild "u f\rte5 ye>s ( age2 enjo9+ ! p>5ts ( su* *ildr5 to s5d !m to s*ool1 to le>n read+1 writ+1 & common ari?metic2 ! m9i/]s ( e p>i%1 ( e d5om9ation to c]tify jo9tly to an (fice1 = t purpose1 t ?is duty is p]=m$4 ,! am\nt ( ?is exp5se w be1 ,= six hundr$ & ?irty ?\s& *ildr5 at f\r p\nds p] annum ea* ,l#b1ebj1jjj ,by adopt+ ?is me?od1 n only ! pov]ty ( ! p>5ts w be reliev$1 b ignorance w be bani%$ f ! ris+ g5]ation1 & ! numb] ( poor w h]eaft] become less1 because _! abilities1 by ! aid ( education1 w be great]4 ,_m a y\?1 ) good natural g5ius1 :o is appr5tic$ to a me*anical trade1 su* z a c>p5t]1 jo9]1 millwright1 %ipwright1 blacksmi?1 etc41 is prev5t$ gett+ =w>d ! :ole ( 8 life f ! want ( a little common education :5 a boy4 ,i n[ proce$ to ! case ( ! ag$4 ,i divide age into two classes4 ,fir/1 ! approa* ( age1 beg9n+ at fifty4 ,secondly1 old age comm5c+ at sixty4 ,at fifty1 ?\gh ! m5tal faculties ( man are 9 full vig\r1 & 8 judgm5t bett] ?an at any prec$+ date1 ! bodily p[]s = labori\s life are on ! decl9e4 ,he _c be> ! same quantity ( fatigue z at an e>li] p]iod4 ,he beg9s to e>n less1 & is less capable ( endur+ w9d & wea!r2 & 9 ^? m retir$ employm5ts :]e mu* sight is requir$1 he fails apace1 & sees himself1 l an old horse1 beg9n+ to be turn$ adrift4 ,at sixty 8 lab\r ought to be ov]1 at lea/ f direct necessity4 ,x is pa9ful to see old age work+ itself to dea?1 9 :at are call$ civilis$ c\ntries1 = daily bread4 ,to =m "s judgm5t ( ! numb] ( ^? above fifty ye>s ( age1 ,i h sev]al times c\nt$ ! p]sons ,i met 9 ! /reets ( ,london1 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 & h g5]ally f\nd t ! av]age is ab\t "o 9 sixte5 or sev5te54 ,if x be said t ag$ p]sons d n come mu* into ! /reets1 s nei!r d infants2 & a great proportion ( gr[n *ildr5 are 9 s*ools & 9 "w-%ops z appr5tices4 ,tak+1 !n1 sixte5 = a divisor1 ! :ole numb] ( p]sons 9 ,engl& ( fifty ye>s & upw>ds1 ( bo? sexes1 ri* & poor1 w be f\r hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s&4 ,! p]sons to be provid$ = out ( ?is gross numb] w be husb&m51 common lab\r]s1 j\rneym5 ( e trade & _! wives1 sailors1 & disb&$ soldi]s1 worn out s]vants ( bo? sexes1 & poor wid[s4 ,!re w be also a consid]able numb] ( middl+ tradesm51 :o hav+ liv$ dec5tly 9 ! =m] "p ( life1 beg91 z age approa*es1 to lose _! bus9ess1 & at la/ fall to decay4 ,besides ^! !re w be con/antly ?r[n (f f ! revolutions ( t :eel :i* no man c /op nor regulate1 a numb] f e class ( life connect$ ) comm]ce & adv5ture4 ,to provide = all ^? accid5ts1 & :atev] else may befall1 ,i take ! numb] ( p]sons :o1 at "o "t or o!r ( _! lives1 aft] fifty ye>s ( age1 may feel x necess>y or com=table to be bett] support$1 ?an !y c support !mselves1 & t n z a matt] ( grace & fav\r1 b ( "r1 at "o-?ird ( ! :ole numb]1 :i* is "o hundr$ & =ty ?\s&1 z /at$ 9 a previ\s page1 & = :om a di/9ct provision 0 propos$ to be made4 ,if !re be m1 society1 not)/&+ ! %[ & pomposity ( gov]nm5t1 is 9 a deplorable condition 9 ,engl&4 ,( ?is "o hundr$ & =ty ?\s&1 ,i take "o half1 sev5ty ?\s&1 to be ( ! age ( fifty & "u sixty1 & ! o!r half to be sixty ye>s & upw>ds4 ,hav+ ?us asc]ta9$ ! probable proportion ( ! numb] ( ag$ p]sons1 ,i proce$ to ! mode ( r5d]+ _! condition com=table1 :i* is3 ,to pay to e su* p]son ( ! age ( fifty ye>s1 & until he %all arrive at ! age ( sixty1 ! sum ( six p\nds p] annum out ( ! surplus taxes1 & t5 p\nds p] annum dur+ life aft] ! age ( sixty4 ,! exp5se ( :i* w be1 ,sev5ty ?\s& p]sons1 at ,l#f p] annum ,l #dbj1jjj ,sev5ty ?\s& p]sons1 at ,l#aj p] annum #gjj1jjj ------- ,l#a1abj1jjj ,?is support1 z already rem>k$1 is n ( ! nature ( a *>ity b ( a "r4 ,e p]son 9 ,engl&1 male & female1 pays on an av]age 9 taxes two p\nds eight %ill+s & sixp5ce p] annum f ! day ( 8 7or h]7 bir?2 &1 if ! exp5se ( collection be add$1 he pays two p\nds elev5 %ill+s & sixp5ce2 consequ5tly1 at ! end ( fifty ye>s he has paid "o hundr$ & tw5ty-eight p\nds fifte5 %ill+s2 & at sixty "o hundr$ & fifty-f\r p\nds t5 %ill+s4 ,conv]t+1 !re=e1 8 7or h]7 individual tax 9 a tont9e1 ! money he %all receive aft] fifty ye>s is b little m ?an ! legal int]e/ ( ! net money he has paid2 ! re/ is made up f ^? ^: circum/ances d n require !m to draw su* support1 & ! capital 9 bo? cases defrays ! exp5ses ( gov]nm5t4 ,x is on ?is gr\nd t ,i h ext5d$ ! probable claims to "o-?ird ( ! numb] ( ag$ p]sons 9 ! nation4--,is x1 !n1 bett] t ! lives ( "o hundr$ & =ty ?\s& ag$ p]sons be r5d]$ com=table1 or t a million a ye> ( public money be exp5d$ on any "o individual1 & him (t5 ( ! mo/ wor?less or insignificant "*8 ,let reason & ju/ice1 let hon\r & humanity1 let ev5 hypocrisy1 sycophancy & ,mr4 ,burke1 let ,george1 let ,l\is1 ,leopold1 ,fr$]ic1 ,ca!r9e1 ,cornwallis1 or ,tippoo ,saib1 answ] ! "q499#ce ,! sum ?us remitt$ to ! poor w be1 ,to two hundr$ & fifty-two ?\s& poor families1 conta9+ six hundr$ & ?irty ?\s& *ildr5 ,l#b1ebj1jjj ,to "o hundr$ & =ty ?\s& ag$ p]sons #a1abj1jjj ---------- ,l#c1fdj1jjj ,!re w !n rema9 ?ree hundr$ & sixty ?\s& p\nds out ( ! f\r millions1 "p ( :i* may be appli$ z foll[s3-- ,aft] all ! above cases are provid$ = !re w /ill be a numb] ( families :o1 ?\gh n prop]ly ( ! class ( poor1 yet f9d x difficult to give education to _! *ildr52 & su* *ildr51 "u su* a case1 w\ld be 9 a worse condition ?an if _! p>5ts 7 actually poor4 ,a nation "u a well-regulat$ gov]nm5t %\ld p]mit none to rema9 un9/ruct$4 ,x is mon>*ical & ari/ocratical gov]nm5t only t requires ignorance = its support4 ,suppose1 !n1 f\r hundr$ ?\s& *ildr5 to be 9 ?is condition1 :i* is a great] numb] ?an ought to be suppos$ aft] ! provisions already made1 ! me?od w be3 ,to all[ = ea* ( ^? *ildr5 t5 %ill+s a ye> = ! exp5se ( s*ool+ = six ye>s ea*1 :i* w give !m six mon?s s*ool+ ea* ye>1 & half a cr[n a ye> = pap] & spell+ books4 ,! exp5se ( ?is w be annually ,l#bej1jjj499cf ,!re w !n rema9 "o hundr$ & t5 ?\s& p\nds4 ,not)/&+ ! great modes ( relief :i* ! be/ in/itut$ & be/ pr9cipl$ gov]nm5t may devise1 !re w be a numb] ( small] cases1 :i* x is good policy z well z b5efic5ce 9 a nation to consid]4 ,7 tw5ty %ill+s to be giv5 imm$iately on ! bir? ( a *ild1 to e woman :o %\ld make ! dem&1 & none w make x ^: circum/ances d n require x1 x might relieve a great deal ( in/ant di/ress4 ,!re are ab\t two hundr$ ?\s& bir?s ye>ly 9 ,engl&2 & if claim$ by "o f\r?1 ,! am\nt w\ld be ,l#ej1jjj ,& tw5ty %ill+s to e new-m>ri$ c\ple :o %\ld claim 9 l mann]4 ,?is w\ld n exce$ ! sum ( ,l#bj1jjj4 ,also tw5ty ?\s& p\nds to be appropriat$ to defray ! fun]al exp5ses ( p]sons1 :o1 travell+ = "w1 may die at a di/ance f _! fri5ds4 ,by reliev+ p>i%es f ?is *>ge1 ! sick /rang] w be bett] treat$4 ,i %all f9i% ?is "p ( ! subject ) a plan adapt$ to ! p>ticul> condition ( a metropolis1 su* z ,london4 ,cases are cont9ually occurr+ 9 a metropolis1 diff]5t f ^? :i* occur 9 ! c\ntry1 & = :i* a diff]5t1 or r an additional1 mode ( relief is necess>y4 ,9 ! c\ntry1 ev5 9 l>ge t[ns1 p h a k ( ea* o!r1 & di/ress nev] rises to t extreme height x sometimes does 9 a metropolis4 ,!re is no su* ?+ 9 ! c\ntry z p]sons1 9 ! lit]al s5se ( ! ^w1 />v$ to dea?1 or dy+ ) cold f ! want ( a lodg+4 ,yet su* cases1 & o!rs equally z mis]able1 happ5 9 ,london4 ,_m a y\? comes up to ,london full ( expectations1 & ) little or no money1 & unless he get imm$iate employm5t he is already half undone2 & boys br$ up 9 ,london )\t any means ( a livelihood1 & z x (t5 happ5s ( dissolute p>5ts1 are 9 a /ill worse condition2 & s]vants long out ( place are n mu* bett] (f4 ,9 %ort1 a _w ( little cases is cont9ually aris+1 :i* busy or afflu5t life kn[s n (1 to op5 ! fir/ door to di/ress4 ,hung] is n among ! po/ponable wants1 & a day1 ev5 a few h\rs1 9 su* a condition is (t5 ! crisis ( a life ( ru94 ,^! circum/ances :i* are ! g5]al cause ( ! little !fts & pilf]+s t lead to great]1 may be prev5t$4 ,!re yet rema9 tw5ty ?\s& p\nds out ( ! f\r millions ( surplus taxes1 :i* ) ano!r fund h]eaft] to be m5tion$1 am\nt+ to ab\t tw5ty ?\s& p\nds m1 _c be bett] appli$ ?an to ?is purpose4 ,! plan w !n be3 ,fir/1 ,to erect two or m build+s1 or take "s already erect$1 capable ( conta9+ at lea/ six ?\s& p]sons1 & to h 9 ea* ( ^! places z _m k9ds ( employm5t z c be contriv$1 s t e p]son :o %all come may f9d some?+ :i* he or %e c d4 ,secondly1 ,to receive all :o %all come1 )\t enquir+ :o or :at !y are4 ,! only condition to be1 t = s mu*1 or s _m h\rs' "w1 ea* p]son %all receive s _m meals ( :olesome food1 & a w>m lodg+1 at lea/ z good z a b>rack4 ,t a c]ta9 portion ( :at ea* p]son's "w %all be wor? %all be res]v$1 & giv5 to him or h]1 on _! go+ away2 & t ea* p]son %all /ay z long or z %ort a "t1 or come z (t5 z he *oose1 on ^! conditions4 ,if ea* p]son /ay$ ?ree mon?s1 x w\ld assi/ by rotation tw5ty-f\r ?\s& p]sons annually1 ?\gh ! real numb]1 at all times1 w\ld be b six ?\s&4 ,by e/abli%+ an asylum ( ?is k9d1 su* p]sons to :om tempor>y di/resses occur1 w\ld h an opportunity to recruit !mselves1 & be enabl$ to look out = bett] employm5t4 ,all[+ t _! lab\r paid b "o half ! exp5se ( support+ !m1 aft] res]v+ a portion ( _! e>n+s = !mselves1 ! sum ( =ty ?\s& p\nds additional w\ld defray all o!r *>ges = ev5 a great] numb] ?an six ?\s&4 ,! fund v prop]ly conv]tible to ?is purpose1 9 addition to ! tw5ty ?\s& p\nds1 rema9+ ( ! =m] fund1 w be ! produce ( ! tax ^u coals1 s iniquit\sly & wantonly appli$ to ! support ( ! ,duke ( ,ri*mond4 ,x is horrid t any man1 m especially at ! price coals n[ are1 %\ld live on ! di/resses ( a community2 & any gov]nm5t p]mitt+ su* an abuse1 des]ves to be dismiss$4 ,?is fund is said to be ab\t tw5ty ?\s& p\nds p] annum4 ,i %all n[ conclude ?is plan ) enum]at+ ! sev]al p>ticul>s1 & !n proce$ to o!r matt]s4 ,! enum]ation is z foll[s3-- ,fir/1 ,abolition ( two millions poor-rates4 ,secondly1 ,provision = two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& poor families4 ,?irdly1 ,education = "o million & ?irty ?\s& *ildr54 ,f\r?ly1 ,com=table provision = "o hundr$ & =ty ?\s& ag$ p]sons4 ,fif?ly1 ,donation ( tw5ty %ill+s ea* = fifty ?\s& bir?s4 ,six?ly1 ,donation ( tw5ty %ill+s ea* = tw5ty ?\s& m>riages4 ,sev5?ly1 ,all[ance ( tw5ty ?\s& p\nds = ! fun]al exp5ses ( p]sons travell+ = "w1 & dy+ at a di/ance f _! fri5ds4 ,eigh?ly1 ,employm5t1 at all times1 = ! casual poor 9 ! cities ( ,london & ,we/m9/]4 ,by ! op]ation ( ?is plan1 ! poor laws1 ^? in/rum5ts ( civil torture1 w be sup]s$$1 & ! wa/eful exp5se ( litigation prev5t$4 ,! he>ts ( ! humane w n be %ock$ by ragg$ & hungry *ildr51 & p]sons ( sev5ty & eighty ye>s ( age1 begg+ = bread4 ,! dy+ poor w n be dragg$ f place to place to brea! _! la/1 z a reprisal ( p>i% ^u p>i%4 ,wid[s w h a ma9t5ance = _! *ildr51 & n be c>t$ away1 on ! dea? ( _! husb&s1 l culprits & crim9als2 & *ildr5 w no long] be consid]$ z increas+ ! di/resses ( _! p>5ts4 ,! haunts ( ! wret*$ w be kn[n1 because x w be to _! advantage2 & ! numb] ( petty crimes1 ! (fspr+ ( di/ress & pov]ty1 w be less5$4 ,! poor1 z well z ! ri*1 w !n be int]e/$ 9 ! support ( gov]nm5t1 & ! cause & appreh5sion ( riots & tumults w cease4--,ye :o sit 9 ease1 & solace y\rselves 9 pl5ty1 & su* !re are 9 ,turkey & ,russia1 z well z 9 ,engl&1 & :o say to y\rselves1 ,are we n well (f8 h ye ?\ght ( ^! ?+s8 ,:5 ye d1 ye w cease to speak & feel = y\rselves alone4 ,! plan is easy 9 practice4 ,x does n emb>rass trade by a sudd5 int]ruption 9 ! ord] ( taxes1 b effects ! relief by *ang+ ! application ( !m2 & ! money necess>y = ! purpose c be drawn f ! excise collections1 :i* are made eight times a ye> 9 e m>ket t[n 9 ,engl&4 ,hav+ n[ arrang$ & conclud$ ?is subject1 ,i proce$ to ! next4 ,tak+ ! pres5t curr5t exp5ses at sev5 millions & an half1 :i* is ! lea/ am\nt !y are n[ at1 !re w rema9 7aft] ! sum ( "o million & an half be tak5 = ! new curr5t exp5ses & f\r millions = ! be=e-m5tion$ s]vice7 ! sum ( two millions2 "p ( :i* to be appli$ z foll[s3 ,?\gh fleets & armies1 by an alliance ) ,france1 w1 9 a great measure1 become useless1 yet ! p]sons :o h devot$ !mselves to ^? s]vices1 & h !reby unfitt$ !mselves = o!r l9es ( life1 are n to be suff]]s by ! means t make o!rs happy4 ,!y are a diff]5t description ( m5 f ^? :o =m or hang ab\t a c\rt4 ,a "p ( ! army w rema91 at lea/ = "s ye>s1 & also ( ! navy1 = :i* a provision is already made 9 ! =m] "p ( ?is plan ( "o million1 :i* is almo/ half a million m ?an ! peace e/abli%m5t ( ! army & navy 9 ! prodigal times ( ,*>les ! ,second4 ,suppose1 !n1 fifte5 ?\s& soldi]s to be disb&$1 & t an all[ance be made to ea* ( ?ree %ill+s a week dur+ life1 cle> ( all d$uctions1 to be paid 9 ! same mann] z ! ,*elsea ,college p5sion]s are paid1 & = !m to return to _! trades & _! fri5ds2 & also t an addition ( fifte5 ?\s& sixp5ces p] week be made to ! pay ( ! soldi]s :o %all rema92 ! annual exp5ses w be3 ,to ! pay ( fifte5 ?\s& disb&$ soldi]s at ?ree %ill+s p] week ,l#aag1jjj ,additional pay to ! rema9+ soldi]s #ai1ejj ,suppose t ! pay to ! (fic]s ( ! disb&$ corps be ! same am\nt z sum all[$ to ! m5 #aag1jjj -------- ,l#bec1ejj ,to prev5t bulky e/imations1 admit ! same sum to ! disb&$ navy z to ! army1 & ! same increase ( pay #bec1ejj -------- ,total ,l#ejg1jjj ,e ye> "s "p ( ?is sum ( half a million 7,i omit ! odd sev5 ?\s& p\nds = ! purpose ( keep+ ! acc\nt unemb>rass$7 w fall 91 & ! :ole ( x 9 "t1 z x is on ! gr\nd ( life annuities1 except ! increas$ pay ( tw5ty-n9e ?\s& p\nds4 ,z x falls 91 "p ( ! taxes may be tak5 (f2 & z1 = in/ance1 :5 ?irty ?\s& p\nds fall 91 ! duty on hops may be :olly tak5 (f2 & z o!r p>ts fall 91 ! duties on c&les & soap may be less5$1 till at la/ !y w totally cease4 ,!re n[ rema9s at lea/ "o million & a half ( surplus taxes4 ,! tax on h\ses & w9d[s is "o ( ^? direct taxes1 :i*1 l ! poor-rates1 is n conf\nd$ ) trade2 &1 :5 tak5 (f1 ! relief w be in/antly felt4 ,?is tax falls heavy on ! middle class ( p4 ,! am\nt ( ?is tax1 by ! returns ( #aghh1 03 ,h\ses & w9d[s3 ,l s4 d4 ,by ! act ( #agff #che1dei #aa #g ,by ! act be #aggi #acj1gci #ad #e #a_/b ---------------------- ,total #eaf1aii #f #j #a_/b ,if ?is tax be /ruck (f1 !re w !n rema9 ab\t "o million ( surplus taxes2 & z x is always prop] to keep a sum 9 res]ve1 = incid5tal matt]s1 x may be be/ n to ext5d r$uctions fur!r 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 b to consid] :at may be accompli%$ by o!r modes ( re=m4 ,among ! taxes mo/ heavily felt is ! commutation tax4 ,i %all !re=e (f] a plan = its abolition1 by sub/itut+ ano!r 9 its place1 :i* w effect ?ree objects at once3 #a1 t ( remov+ ! bur!n to :]e x c be/ be borne2 #b1 re/or+ ju/ice among families by a di/ribution ( prop]ty2 #c1 extirpat+ ! ov]gr[n influ5ce aris+ f ! unnatural law ( primog5iture1 :i* is "o ( ! pr9cipal s\rces ( corruption at elections4 ,! am\nt ( commutation tax by ! returns ( #aghh1 0 ,l#gga1feg4 ,:5 taxes are propos$1 ! c\ntry is amus$ by ! plausible language ( tax+ luxuries4 ,"o ?+ is call$ a luxury at "o "t1 & some?+ else at ano!r2 b ! real luxury does n consi/ 9 ! article1 b 9 ! means ( procur+ x1 & ?is is always kept out ( sight4 ,i "k n :y any plant or h]b ( ! field %\ld be a great] luxury 9 "o c\ntry ?an ano!r2 b an ov]gr[n e/ate 9 ei!r is a luxury at all times1 &1 z su*1 is ! prop] object ( taxation4 ,x is1 !re=e1 "r to take ^? k9d tax-mak+ g5tlem5 up on _! own ^w1 & argue on ! pr9ciple !mselves h laid d[n1 t ( tax+ luxuries4 ,if !y or _! *ampion1 ,mr4 ,burke1 :o1 ,i fe>1 is gr[+ out ( date1 l ! man 9 arm\r1 c prove t an e/ate ( tw5ty1 ?irty1 or =ty ?\s& p\nds a ye> is n a luxury1 ,i w give up ! argum5t4 ,admitt+ t any annual sum1 say1 = in/ance1 "o ?\s& p\nds1 is necess>y or suffici5t = ! support ( a family1 consequ5tly ! second ?\s& is ( ! nature ( a luxury1 ! ?ird /ill m s1 & by proce$+ on1 we %all at la/ arrive at a sum t may n improp]ly be call$ a prohibitable luxury4 ,x w\ld be impolitic to set b\nds to prop]ty acquir$ by indu/ry1 & !re=e x is "r to place ! prohibition beyond ! probable acquisition to :i* indu/ry c ext5d2 b !re ought to be a limit to prop]ty or ! accumulation ( x by beque/4 ,x %\ld pass 9 "s o!r l9e4 ,! ri*e/ 9 e nation h poor relations1 & ^? (t5 v ne> 9 consangu9ity4 ,! foll[+ table ( progressive taxation is con/ruct$ on ! above pr9ciples1 & z a sub/itute = ! commutation tax4 ,x w rea* ! po9t ( prohibition by a regul> op]ation1 & !reby sup]s$e ! ari/ocratical law ( primog5iture4 ,,table ,i ,a tax on all e/ates ( ! cle> ye>ly value ( ,l#ej1 aft] d$uct+ ! l& tax1 & up ,to ,l#ejj #js #c;d p] p\nd ,f ,l#ejj to ,l#a1jjj #j #f ,on ! second ?\s& #j #i ,on ! ?ird #a #j ,on ! f\r? #a #f ,on ! fif? #b #j ,on ! six? #c #j ,on ! sev5? #d #j ,on ! eigh? #e #j ,on ! n9? #fs #j;d p] p\nd ,on ! t5? #g #j ,on ! elev5? #h #j ,on ! twelf? #i #j ,on ! ?irte5? #aj #j ,on ! f\rte5? #aa #j ,on ! fifte5? #ab #j ,on ! sixte5? #ac #j ,on ! sev5te5? #ad #j ,on ! eighte5? #ae #j ,on ! n9ete5? #af #j ,on ! tw5tie? #ag #j ,on ! tw5ty-fir/ #ah #j ,on ! tw5ty-second #ai #j ,on ! tw5ty-?ird #bj #j ,! =ego+ table %[s ! progression p] p\nd on e progressive ?\s&4 ,! foll[+ table %[s ! am\nt ( ! tax on e ?\s& sep>ately1 & 9 ! la/ column ! total am\nt ( all ! sep>ate sums collect$4 ,,table ,,ii ,an e/ate (3 ,l #ej p] annum at #c;d p] p\nd pays ,l#j #ab #f #ajj #a #e #j #bjj #b #aj #j #cjj #c #ae #j #djj #e #j #j #ejj #g #e #j ,aft] ,l#ejj1 ! tax ( #f;d4 p] p\nd takes place on ! second ,l#ejj2 consequ5tly an e/ate ( ,l#a1jjj p] annum pays ,l#bl1 #aes41 & s on4 ,total am\nt ,= ! #a/ ,l#ejj at #js #c;d p] p\nd ,l#g #es #bnd #j #f #ad #aj ,l#ba #aes #bnd #ajjj at #j #i #cg #aa #ei #e #crd #a #j #ej #j #aji #e 7,total am\nt7 #d? #ajjj at #as #f;d p] p\nd ,l#ge #js ,l#ahd #es #e? #b #j #ajj #j #bhd #e #f? #c #j #aej #j #dcd #e #g? #d #j #bjj #j #fcd #e #h? #e #j #bej #j #hhj #e #i? #f #j #cjj #j #aajj #e #aj? #g #j #cej #j #aecj #e #aa? #h #j #djj #j #aicj #e #ab? #i #j #dej #j #bchj #e #ac? #aj #j #ejj #j #bhhj #e #ad? #aa #j #eej #j #cdcj #e #ae? #ab #j #fjj #j #djcj #e #af? #ac #j #fej #j #dfhj #e #ag? #ad #j #gjj #j #echj #e #ah? #ae #j #gej #j #facj #e #ai? #af #j #hjj #j #ficj #e #bj? #ag #j #hej #j #gghj #e #ba/ #ah #j #ijj #j #hfhj #e 7,total am\nt7 #bbnd #ajjj at #ais #j;d p] p\nd ,l#iej #js ,l#ifcj #es #bcrd #bj #j #ajjj #j #ajfcj #e ,at ! tw5ty-?ird ?\s& ! tax becomes #bjs4 9 ! p\nd1 & consequ5tly e ?\s& beyond t sum c produce no pr(it b by divid+ ! e/ate4 ,yet =midable z ?is tax appe>s1 x w n1 ,i believe1 produce s mu* z ! commutation tax2 %\ld x produce m1 x ought to be l[]$ to t am\nt ^u e/ates "u two or ?ree ?\s& a ye>4 ,on small & middl+ e/ates x is light] 7z x is int5d$ to be7 ?an ! commutation tax4 ,x is n till aft] sev5 or eight ?\s& a ye> t x beg9s to be heavy4 ,! object is n s mu* ! produce ( ! tax z ! ju/ice ( ! measure4 ,! ari/ocracy has scre5$ itself too mu*1 & ?is s]ves to re/ore a "p ( ! lo/ equilibrium4 ,z an in/ance ( its scre5+ itself1 x is only necess>y to look back to ! fir/ e/abli%m5t ( ! excise laws1 at :at is call$ ! ,re/oration1 or ! com+ ( ,*>les ! ,second4 ,! ari/ocratical int]e/ !n 9 p[]1 commut$ ! feudal s]vices itself 0 "u1 by lay+ a tax on be] brew$ = sale2 t is1 !y comp\nd$ ) ,*>les = an exemption f ^? s]vices = !mselves & _! heirs1 by a tax to be paid by o!r p4 ,! ari/ocracy d n pur*ase be] brew$ = sale1 b brew _! own be] free ( ! duty1 & if any commutation at t "t 7 necess>y1 x ought to h be5 at ! exp5se ( ^? = :om ! exemptions f ^? s]vices 7 int5d$299#cg in/ead ( :i*1 x 0 ?r[n on an entirely diff]5t class ( m54 ,b ! *ief object ( ?is progressive tax 7besides ! ju/ice ( r5d]+ taxes m equal ?an !y are7 is1 z already /at$1 to extirpate ! ov]gr[n influ5ce aris+ f ! unnatural law ( primog5iture1 & :i* is "o ( ! pr9cipal s\rces ( corruption at elections4 ,x w\ld be att5d$ ) no good consequ5ces to enquire h[ su* va/ e/ates z ?irty1 =ty1 or fifty ?\s& a ye> c\ld comm5ce1 & t at a "t :5 comm]ce & manufactures 7 n 9 a /ate to admit ( su* acquisitions4 ,let x be suffici5t to rem$y ! evil by putt+ !m 9 a condition ( desc5d+ aga9 to ! community by ! quiet means ( apportion+ !m among all ! heirs & heiresses ( ^? families4 ,?is w be ! m necess>y1 because hi!rto ! ari/ocracy h qu>t]$ _! y\ng] *ildr5 & connections ^u ! public 9 useless po/s1 places & (fices1 :i* :5 aboli%$ w leave !m de/itute1 unless ! law ( primog5iture be also aboli%$ or sup]s$$4 ,a progressive tax w1 9 a great measure1 effect ?is object1 & t z a matt] ( int]e/ to ! p>ties mo/ imm$iately conc]n$1 z w be se5 by ! foll[+ table2 :i* %[s ! net produce ^u e e/ate1 aft] subtract+ ! tax4 ,by ?is x w appe> t aft] an e/ate exce$s ?irte5 or f\rte5 ?\s& a ye>1 ! rema9d] produces b little pr(it to ! hold]1 & consequ5tly1 ,w pass ei!r to ! y\ng] *ildr51 or to o!r k9dr$4 ,,table ,,iii ,%[+ ! net produce ( e e/ate f "o ?\s& to tw5ty-?ree ?\s& p\nds a ye> ,no ( ?\s& ,total tax p] annum subtract$ ,net produce ,l#ajjj ,l#ba ,l#igi #bjjj #ei #aida #cjjj #aji #bhia #djjj #ahd #chaf #ejjj #bhd #dgaf #fjjj #dcd #eeff #gjjj #fcd #fcff #hjjj #hhj #gabj #ijjj #aajj #gijj #aj1jjj #aecj #hdgj #aa1jjj #aicj #ijgj #ab1jjj #bchj #ifbj #ac1jjj #bhhj #aj1abj 7,no ( ?\s& 7,total tax p] annum7 subtract$7 7,net produce7 #ad1jjj #cdcj #aj1egj #ae1jjj #djcj #aj1igj #af1jjj #dfhj #aa1cbj #ag1jjj #echj #aa1fbj #ah1jjj #facj #aa1hgj #ai1jjj #ficj #ab1agj #bj1jjj #gghj #ab1bbj #ba1jjj #hfhj #ab1cbj #bb1jjj #ifcj #ab1cgj #bc1jjj #aj1fcj #ab1cgj ,n4,b4 ,! odd %ill+s are dropp$ 9 ?is table4 ,accord+ to ?is table1 an e/ate _c produce m ?an ,l#ab1cgj cle> ( ! l& tax & ! progressive tax1 & !re=e ! divid+ su* e/ates w foll[ z a matt] ( family int]e/4 ,an e/ate ( ,l#bc1jjj a ye>1 divid$ into five e/ates ( f\r ?\s& ea* & "o ( ?ree1 w be *>g$ only ,l#a1abi :i* is b five p] c5t41 b if held by "o possessor1 w be *>g$ ,l#aj1fcj4 ,al?\gh an enquiry into ! orig9 ( ^? e/ates be unnecess>y1 ! cont9uation ( !m 9 _! pres5t /ate is ano!r subject4 ,x is a matt] ( national conc]n4 ,z h]$it>y e/ates1 ! law has creat$ ! evil1 & x ought also to provide ! rem$y4 ,primog5iture ought to be aboli%$1 n only because x is unnatural & unju/1 b because ! c\ntry suff]s by its op]ation4 ,by cutt+ (f 7z be=e obs]v$7 ! y\ng] *ildr5 f _! prop] portion ( inh]itance1 ! public is load$ ) ! exp5se ( ma9ta9+ !m2 & ! fre$om ( elections violat$ by ! ov]be>+ influ5ce :i* ?is unju/ monopoly ( family prop]ty produces4 ,nor is ?is all4 ,x occasions a wa/e ( national prop]ty4 ,a consid]able "p ( ! l& ( ! c\ntry is r5d]$ unproductive1 by ! great ext5t ( p>ks & *ases :i* ?is law s]ves to keep up1 & ?is at a "t :5 ! annual production ( gra9 is n equal to ! national consumption499#ch--;,9 %ort1 ! evils ( ! ari/ocratical sy/em are s great & num]\s1 s inconsi/5t ) e ?+ t is j1 wise1 natural1 & b5efic5t1 t :5 !y are consid]$1 !re ought n to be a d\bt t _m1 :o are n[ class$ "u t description1 w wi% to see su* a sy/em aboli%$4 ,:at pleasure c !y d]ive f contemplat+ ! expos$ condition1 & almo/ c]ta9 begg>y ( _! y\ng] (fspr+8 ,e ari/ocratical family has an app5dage ( family begg>s hang+ r\nd x1 :i* 9 a few ages1 or a few g5]ations1 are %ook (f1 & console !mselves ) tell+ _! tale 9 alm%\ses1 workh\ses1 & prisons4 ,?is is ! natural consequ5ce ( ari/ocracy4 ,! pe] & ! begg> are (t5 ( ! same family4 ,"o extreme produces ! o!r3 to make "o ri* _m mu/ be made poor2 nei!r c ! sy/em be support$ by o!r means4 ,!re are two classes ( p to :om ! laws ( ,engl& are p>ticul>ly ho/ile1 & ^? ! mo/ helpless2 y\ng] *ildr51 & ! poor4 ,( ! =m] ,i h j spok52 ( ! latt] ,i %all m5tion "o in/ance out ( ! _m t might be produc$1 & ) :i* ,i %all close ?is subject4 ,sev]al laws are 9 exi/5ce = regulat+ & limit+ "w-m5's wages4 ,:y n leave !m z free to make _! own b>ga9s1 z ! law-mak]s are to let _! f>ms & h\ses8 ,p]sonal lab\r is all ! prop]ty !y h4 ,:y is t little1 & ! little fre$om !y enjoy1 to be infr+$8 ,b ! inju/ice w appe> /rong]1 if we consid] ! op]ation & effect ( su* laws4 ,:5 wages are fix$ by :at is call$ a law1 ! legal wages rema9 /ation>y1 :ile e ?+ else is 9 progression2 & z ^? :o make t law /ill cont9ue to lay on new taxes by o!r laws1 !y increase ! exp5se ( liv+ by "o law1 & take away ! means by ano!r4 ,b if ^! g5tlem5 law-mak]s & tax-mak]s ?\ght x "r to limit ! poor pittance :i* p]sonal lab\r c produce1 & on :i* a :ole family is to be support$1 !y c]ta9ly mu/ feel !mselves happily indulg$ 9 a limitation on _! own "p1 ( n less ?an twelve ?\s& a-ye>1 & t ( prop]ty !y nev] acquir$ 7nor probably any ( _! ance/ors71 & ( :i* !y h made nev] acquire s ill a use4 ,hav+ n[ f9i%$ ?is subject1 ,i %all br+ ! sev]al p>ticul>s into "o view1 & !n proce$ to o!r matt]s4 ,! fir/ eight articles1 m5tion$ e>li]1 are2 #a4 ,abolition ( two millions poor-rates4 #b4 ,provision = two hundr$ & fifty-two ?\s& poor families1 at ! rate ( f\r p\nds p] head = ea* *ild "u f\rte5 ye>s ( age2 :i*1 ) ! addition ( two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& p\nds1 provides also education = "o million & ?irty ?\s& *ildr54 #c4 ,annuity ( six p\nds 7p] annum7 ea* = all poor p]sons1 decay$ tradesm51 & o!rs 7suppos$ sev5ty ?\s&7 ( ! age ( fifty ye>s1 & until sixty4 #d4 ,annuity ( t5 p\nds ea* = life = all poor p]sons1 decay$ tradesm51 & o!rs 7suppos$ sev5ty ?\s&7 ( ! age ( sixty ye>s4 #e4 ,donation ( tw5ty %ill+s ea* = fifty ?\s& bir?s4 #f4 ,donation ( tw5ty %ill+s ea* = tw5ty ?\s& m>riages4 #g4 ,all[ance ( tw5ty ?\s& p\nds = ! fun]al exp5ses ( p]sons travell+ = "w1 & dy+ at a di/ance f _! fri5ds4 #h4 ,employm5t at all times = ! casual poor 9 ! cities ( ,london & ,we/m9/]4 ,second ,enum]ation #i4 ,abolition ( ! tax on h\ses & w9d[s4 #aj4 ,all[ance ( ?ree %ill+s p] week = life to fifte5 ?\s& disb&$ soldi]s1 & a proportionate all[ance to ! (fic]s ( ! disb&$ corps4 #aa4 ,increase ( pay to ! rema9+ soldi]s ( ,l#ai1ejj annually4 #ab4 ,! same all[ance to ! disb&$ navy1 & ! same increase ( pay1 z to ! army4 #ac4 ,abolition ( ! commutation tax4 #ad4 ,plan ( a progressive tax1 op]at+ to extirpate ! unju/ & unnatural law ( primog5iture1 & ! vici\s influ5ce ( ! ari/ocratical sy/em499#ci ,!re yet rema9s1 z already /at$1 "o million ( surplus taxes4 ,"s "p ( ?is w be requir$ = circum/ances t d n imm$iately pres5t !mselves1 & su* "p z %all n be want$1 w admit ( a fur!r r$uction ( taxes equal to t am\nt4 ,among ! claims t ju/ice requires to be made1 ! condition ( ! inf]ior rev5ue-(fic]s w m]it att5tion4 ,x is a reproa* to any gov]nm5t to wa/e su* an imm5sity ( rev5ue 9 s9ecures & nom9al & unnecess>y places & (fic]s1 & n all[ ev5 a dec5t livelihood to ^? on :om ! lab\r falls4 ,! sal>y ( ! inf]ior (fic]s ( ! rev5ue has /ood at ! petty pittance ( less ?an fifty p\nds a ye> = upw>ds ( "o hundr$ ye>s4 ,x ought to be sev5ty4 ,ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s& p\nds appli$ to ?is purpose1 w put all ^? sal>ies 9 a dec5t condition4 ,?is 0 propos$ to be done almo/ tw5ty ye>s ago1 b ! treasury-bo>d !n 9 be+1 />tl$ at x1 z x might lead to simil> expectations f ! army & navy2 & ! ev5t 01 t ! ,k+1 or somebody = him1 appli$ to p>liam5t to h 8 own sal>y rais$ an hundr$ ?\s& p\nds a ye>1 :i* be+ done1 e ?+ else 0 laid aside4 ,) respect to ano!r class ( m51 ! inf]ior cl]gy1 ,i =be> to enl>ge on _! condition2 b all p>tialities & prejudices =1 or aga9/1 diff]5t modes & =ms ( religion aside1 common ju/ice w det]m9e1 :e!r !re ought to be an income ( tw5ty or ?irty p\nds a ye> to "o man1 & ( t5 ?\s& to ano!r4 ,i speak on ?is subject ) ! m fre$om1 because ,i am kn[n n to be a ,presbyt]ian2 & !re=e ! cant cry ( c\rt sycophants1 ab\t *ur* & meet+1 kept up to amuse & bewild] ! nation1 _c be rais$ aga9/ me4 ,ye simple m5 on bo? sides ! "q1 d y n see ?r\gh ?is c\rtly craft8 ,if ye c be kept disput+ & wrangl+ ab\t *ur* & meet+1 ye j answ] ! purpose ( e c\rti]1 :o lives ! :ile on ! spoils ( ! taxes1 & laughs at y\r cr$ulity4 ,e religion is good t tea*es man to be good2 & ,i "k ( none t in/ructs him to be bad4 ,all ! be=e-m5tion$ calculations suppose only sixte5 millions & an half ( taxes paid into ! ex*equ]1 aft] ! exp5se ( collection & drawbacks at ! cu/om-h\se & excise-(fice are d$uct$2 :]eas ! sum paid into ! ex*equ] is v ne>ly1 if n q1 sev5te5 millions4 ,! taxes rais$ 9 ,scotl& & ,irel& are exp5d$ 9 ^? c\ntries1 & !re=e _! sav+s w come out ( _! own taxes2 b if any "p be paid into ! ,engli% ex*equ]1 x might be remitt$4 ,?is w n make "o hundr$ ?\s& p\nds a ye> diff]5ce4 ,!re n[ rema9s only ! national debt to be consid]$4 ,9 ! ye> #aghi1 ! int]e/1 exclusive ( ! tont9e1 0 ,l#i1aej1ach4 ,h[ mu* ! capital has be5 r$uc$ s9ce t "t ! m9i/] be/ kn[s4 ,b aft] pay+ ! int]e/1 aboli%+ ! tax on h\ses & w9d[s1 ! commutation tax1 & ! poor-rates2 & mak+ all ! provisions = ! poor1 = ! education ( *ildr51 ! support ( ! ag$1 ! disb&$ "p ( ! army & navy1 & increas+ ! pay ( ! rema9d]1 !re w be a surplus ( "o million4 ,! pres5t s*eme ( pay+ (f ! national debt appe>s to me1 speak+ z an indiff]5t p]son1 to be an ill-conc]t$1 if n a fallaci\s job4 ,! bur!n ( ! national debt consi/s n 9 its be+ s _m millions1 or s _m hundr$ millions1 b 9 ! quantity ( taxes collect$ e ye> to pay ! int]e/4 ,if ?is quantity cont9ues ! same1 ! bur!n ( ! national debt is ! same to all int5ts & purposes1 be ! capital m or less4 ,! only k :i* ! public c h ( ! r$uction ( ! debt1 mu/ be ?r\gh ! r$uction ( taxes = pay+ ! int]e/4 ,! debt1 !re=e1 is n r$uc$ "o f>?+ to ! public by all ! millions t h be5 paid2 & x w\ld require m money n[ to pur*ase up ! capital1 ?an :5 ! s*eme began4 ,digress+ = a mom5t at ?is po9t1 to :i* ,i %all return aga91 ,i look back to ! appo9tm5t ( ,mr4 ,pitt1 z m9i/]4 ,i 0 !n 9 ,am]ica4 ,! w> 0 ov]2 & ?\gh res5tm5t _h ceas$1 memory 0 /ill alive4 ,:5 ! news ( ! coalition arriv$1 ?\gh x 0 a matt] ( no conc]n to ,i felt x z a man4 ,x _h some?+ 9 x :i* %ock$1 by publicly sport+ ) dec5cy1 if n ) pr9ciple4 ,x 0 impud5ce 9 ,"l ,nor?2 x 0 a want ( firmness 9 ,mr4 ,fox4 ,mr4 ,pitt 01 at t "t1 :at may be call$ a maid5 "* 9 politics4 ,s f> f be+ hackney$1 he appe>$ n to be initiat$ into ! fir/ my/]ies ( c\rt intrigue4 ,ev]y?+ 0 9 8 fav\r4 ,res5tm5t aga9/ ! coalition s]v$ z fri5d%ip to him1 & 8 ignorance ( vice 0 cr$it$ = virtue4 ,) ! return ( peace1 comm]ce & prosp]ity w\ld rise ( itself2 yet ev5 ?is increase 0 ?r[n to 8 acc\nt4 ,:5 he came to ! helm1 ! /orm 0 ov]1 & he _h no?+ to int]rupt 8 c\rse4 ,x requir$ ev5 +5uity to be wrong1 & he succe$$4 ,a little "t %[$ him ! same sort ( man z 8 pr$ecessors _h be54 ,in/ead ( pr(it+ by ^? errors :i* _h accumulat$ a bur!n ( taxes unp>allel$ 9 ! _w1 he s\ght1 ,i might almo/ say1 he adv]tis$ = enemies1 & provok$ means to increase taxation4 ,aim+ at some?+1 he knew n :at1 he ransack$ ,europe & ,india = adv5tures1 & ab&on+ ! fair pret5sions he began )1 he became ! knight-errant ( mod]n times4 ,x is unpleasant to see "* ?r[ itself away4 ,x is m s to see "o's-self deceiv$4 ,mr4 ,pitt _h m]it$ no?+1 b he promis$ mu*4 ,he gave symptoms ( a m9d sup]ior to ! meanness & corruption ( c\rts4 ,8 app>5t c&\r enc\rag$ expectations2 & ! public confid5ce1 /unn$1 we>i$1 & conf\nd$ by a *aos ( p>ties1 reviv$ & atta*$ itself to him4 ,b mi/ak+1 z he has done1 ! disgu/ ( ! nation aga9/ ! coalition1 = m]it 9 himself1 he has ru%$ into measures :i* a man less support$ w\ld n h presum$ to act4 ,all ?is seems to %[ t *ange ( m9i/]s am\nts to no?+4 ,"o goes out1 ano!r comes 91 & /ill ! same measures1 vices1 & extravagance are pursu$4 ,x signifies n :o is m9i/]4 ,! defect lies 9 ! sy/em4 ,! f\ndation & ! sup]/ructure ( ! gov]nm5t is bad4 ,prop x z y please1 x cont9ually s9ks into c\rt gov]nm5t1 & ev] w4 ,i return1 z ,i promis$1 to ! subject ( ! national debt1 t (fspr+ ( ! ,dut*-,anglo revolution1 & its h&maid ! ,hanov] succession4 ,b x is n[ too late to enquire h[ x began4 ,^? to :om x is due h advanc$ ! money2 & :e!r x 0 well or ill sp5t1 or pocket$1 is n _! crime4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 easy to see1 t z ! nation proce$s 9 contemplat+ ! nature & pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t1 & to und]/& taxes1 & make comp>isons betwe5 ^? ( ,am]ica1 ,france1 & ,engl&1 x w be next to impossible to keep x 9 ! same torpid /ate x has hi!rto be54 ,"s re=m mu/1 f ! necessity ( ! case1 soon beg94 ,x is n :e!r ^! pr9ciples press ) little or mu* =ce 9 ! pres5t mom5t4 ,!y are out4 ,!y are abroad 9 ! _w1 & no =ce c /op !m4 ,l a secret told1 !y are beyond recall2 & he mu/ be bl9d inde$ t does n see t a *ange is already beg9n+4 ,n9e millions ( dead taxes is a s]i\s ?+2 & ?is n only = bad1 b 9 a great measure = =eign gov]nm5t4 ,by putt+ ! p[] ( mak+ w> into ! h&s ( ! =eign]s :o came = :at !y c\ld get1 little else 0 to be expect$ ?an :at has happ5$4 ,reasons are already advanc$ 9 ?is "w1 %[+ t :atev] ! re=ms 9 ! taxes may be1 !y ought to be made 9 ! curr5t exp5ses ( gov]nm5t1 & n 9 ! "p appli$ to ! int]e/ ( ! national debt4 ,by remitt+ ! taxes ( ! poor1 !y w be totally reliev$1 & all discont5t w be tak5 away2 & by /rik+ (f su* ( ! taxes z are already m5tion$1 ! nation w m ?an recov] ! :ole exp5se ( ! mad ,am]ican w>4 ,!re w !n rema9 only ! national debt z a subject ( discont5t2 & 9 ord] to remove1 or r to prev5t ?is1 x w\ld be good policy 9 ! /ockhold]s !mselves to consid] x z prop]ty1 subject l all o!r prop]ty1 to be> "s portion ( ! taxes4 ,x w\ld give to x bo? popul>ity & security1 & z a great "p ( its pres5t inconv5i5ce is balanc$ by ! capital :i* x keeps alive1 a measure ( ?is k9d w\ld s f> add to t balance z to sil5ce objections4 ,?is may be done by su* gradual means z to accompli% all t is necess>y ) ! greate/ ease & conv5i5ce4 ,in/ead ( tax+ ! capital1 ! be/ me?od w\ld be to tax ! int]e/ by "s progressive ratio1 & to less5 ! public taxes 9 ! same proportion z ! int]e/ dim9i%$4 ,suppose ! int]e/ 0 tax$ "o halfp5ny 9 ! p\nd ! fir/ ye>1 a p5ny m ! second1 & to proce$ by a c]ta9 ratio to be det]m9$ ^u1 always less ?an any o!r tax ^u prop]ty4 ,su* a tax w\ld be subtract$ f ! int]e/ at ! "t ( paym5t1 )\t any exp5se ( collection4 ,"o halfp5ny 9 ! p\nd w\ld less5 ! int]e/ & consequ5tly ! taxes1 tw5ty ?\s& p\nds4 ,! tax on wagons am\nts to ?is sum1 & ?is tax might be tak5 (f ! fir/ ye>4 ,! second ye> ! tax on female s]vants1 or "s o!r ( ! l am\nt might also be tak5 (f1 & by proce$+ 9 ?is mann]1 always apply+ ! tax rais$ f ! prop]ty ( ! debt t[>d its ext9ction1 & n c>ry x to ! curr5t s]vices1 x w\ld lib]ate itself4 ,! /ockhold]s1 not)/&+ ?is tax1 w\ld pay less taxes ?an !y d n[4 ,:at !y w\ld save by ! ext9ction ( ! poor-rates1 & ! tax on h\ses & w9d[s1 & ! commutation tax1 w\ld be consid]ably great] ?an :at ?is tax1 sl[1 b c]ta9 9 its op]ation1 am\nts to4 ,x appe>s to me to be prud5ce to look out = measures t may apply "u any circum/ances t may approa*4 ,!re is1 at ?is mom5t1 a crisis 9 ! affairs ( ,europe t requires x4 ,prep>ation n[ is wisdom4 ,if taxation be once let loose1 x w be difficult to re-in/ate x2 nei!r w\ld ! relief be s effectual1 z if x proce$$ by "s c]ta9 & gradual r$uction4 ,! fraud1 hypocrisy1 & imposition ( gov]nm5ts1 are n[ beg9n+ to be too well und]/ood to promise !m any long c>e]4 ,! f>ce ( mon>*y & ari/ocracy1 9 all c\ntries1 is foll[+ t ( *ivalry1 & ,mr4 ,burke is dress+ ari/ocracy1 9 all c\ntries1 is foll[+ t ( *ivalry1 & ,mr4 ,burke is dress+ = ! fun]al4 ,let x !n pass quietly to ! tomb ( all o!r follies1 & ! m\rn]s be com=t$4 ,! "t is n v di/ant :5 ,engl& w laugh at itself = s5d+ to ,holl&1 ,hanov]1 ,zell1 or ,brunswick = m51 at ! exp5se ( a million a ye>1 :o und]/ood nei!r h] laws1 h] language1 nor h] int]e/1 & ^: capacities w\ld sc>cely h fitt$ !m = ! (fice ( a p>i% con/able4 ,if gov]nm5t c\ld be tru/$ to su* h&s1 x mu/ be "s easy & simple ?+ inde$1 & mat]ials fit = all ! purposes may be f\nd 9 e t[n & village 9 ,engl&4 ,:5 x %all be said 9 any c\ntry 9 ! _w1 my poor are happy2 nei!r ignorance nor di/ress is to be f\nd among !m2 my jails are empty ( prison]s1 my /reets ( begg>s2 ! ag$ are n 9 want1 ! taxes are n oppressive2 ! rational _w is my fri5d1 because ,i am ! fri5d ( its happ9ess3 :5 ^! ?+s c be said1 !n may t c\ntry boa/ its con/itution & its gov]nm5t4 ,)9 ! space ( a few ye>s we h se5 two revolutions1 ^? ( ,am]ica & ,france4 ,9 ! =m]1 ! conte/ 0 long1 & ! conflict sev]e2 9 ! latt]1 ! nation act$ ) su* a consolidat$ impulse1 t hav+ no =eign enemy to cont5d )1 ! revolution 0 complete 9 p[] ! mom5t x appe>$4 ,f bo? ^? in/ances x is evid5t1 t ! greate/ =ces t c be br\ght into ! field ( revolutions1 are reason & common int]e/4 ,:]e ^! c h ! opportunity ( act+1 opposition dies ) fe>1 or crumbles away by conviction4 ,x is a great /&+ :i* !y h n[ univ]sally obta9$2 & we may h]eaft] hope to see revolutions1 or *anges 9 gov]nm5ts1 produc$ ) ! same quiet op]ation by :i* any measure1 det]m9able by reason & discussion1 is accompli%$4 ,:5 a nation *anges its op9ion & habits ( ?9k+1 x is no long] to be gov]n$ z be=e2 b x w\ld n only be wrong1 b bad policy1 to attempt by =ce :at ought to be accompli%$ by reason4 ,rebellion consi/s 9 =cibly oppos+ ! g5]al w ( a nation1 :e!r by a p>ty or by a gov]nm5t4 ,!re ought1 !re=e1 to be 9 e nation a me?od ( occasionally asc]ta9+ ! /ate ( public op9ion ) respect to gov]nm5t4 ,on ?is po9t ! old gov]nm5t ( ,france 0 sup]ior to ! pres5t gov]nm5t ( ,engl&1 because1 on extraord9>y occasions1 rec\rse c\ld be _h :at 0 !n call$ ! ,/ates ,g5]al4 ,b 9 ,engl& !re are no su* occasional bodies2 & z to ^? :o are n[ call$ ,repres5tatives1 a great "p ( !m are m]e ma*9es ( ! c\rt1 placem51 & dep5dants4 ,i presume1 t ?\gh all ! p ( ,engl& pay taxes1 n an hundr$? "p ( !m are electors1 & ! memb]s ( "o ( ! h\ses ( p>liam5t repres5t nobody b !mselves4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 no p[] b ! volunt>y w ( ! p t has a "r to act 9 any matt] respect+ a g5]al re=m2 & by ! same "r t two p]sons c conf] on su* a subject1 a ?\s& may4 ,! object1 9 all su* prelim9>y proce$+s1 is to f9d out :at ! g5]al s5se ( a nation is1 & to be gov]n$ by x4 ,if x pref] a bad or defective gov]nm5t to a re=m or *oose to pay t5 times m taxes ?an !re is any occasion =1 x has a "r s to d2 & s long z ! majority d n impose conditions on ! m9ority1 diff]5t f :at !y impose ^u !mselves1 ?\gh !re may be mu* error1 !re is no inju/ice4 ,nei!r w ! error cont9ue long4 ,reason & discussion w soon br+ ?+s "r1 h[ev] wrong !y may beg94 ,by su* a process no tumult is to be appreh5d$4 ,! poor1 9 all c\ntries1 are naturally bo? peaceable & grateful 9 all re=ms 9 :i* _! int]e/ & happ9ess is includ$4 ,x is only by neglect+ & reject+ !m t !y become tumultu\s4 ,! objects t n[ press on ! public att5tion are1 ! ,fr5* revolution1 & ! prospect ( a g5]al revolution 9 gov]nm5ts4 ,( all nations 9 ,europe !re is none s mu* int]e/$ 9 ! ,fr5* revolution z ,engl&4 ,enemies = ages1 & t at a va/ exp5se1 & )\t any national object1 ! opportunity n[ pres5ts itself ( amicably clos+ ! sc5e1 & jo9+ _! ef=ts to re=m ! re/ ( ,europe4 ,by do+ ?is !y w n only prev5t ! fur!r effusion ( blood1 & increase ( taxes1 b be 9 a condition ( gett+ rid ( a consid]able "p ( _! pres5t bur!ns1 z has be5 already /at$4 ,long exp]i5ce h[ev] has %[n1 t re=ms ( ?is k9d are n ^? :i* old gov]nm5ts wi% to promote1 & !re=e x is to nations1 & n to su* gov]nm5ts1 t ^! matt]s pres5t !mselves4 ,9 ! prec$+ "p ( ?is "w1 ,i h spok5 ( an alliance betwe5 ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,am]ica1 = purposes t 7 to be aft]w>ds m5tion$4 ,?\gh ,i h no direct au?ority on ! "p ( ,am]ica1 ,i h good reason to conclude1 t %e is dispos$ to ent] into a consid]ation ( su* a measure1 provid$1 t ! gov]nm5ts ) :i* %e might ally1 act$ z national gov]nm5ts1 & n z c\rts envelop$ 9 intrigue & my/]y4 ,t ,france z a nation1 & a national gov]nm5t1 w\ld pref] an alliance ) ,engl&1 is a matt] ( c]ta9ty4 ,nations1 l individuals1 :o h long be5 enemies1 )\t kn[+ ea* o!r1 or kn[+ :y1 become ! bett] fri5ds :5 !y discov] ! errors & impositions "u :i* !y _h act$4 ,admitt+1 !re=e1 ! probability ( su* a connection1 ,i w /ate "s matt]s by :i* su* an alliance1 toge!r ) t ( ,holl&1 might r5d] s]vice1 n only to ! p>ties imm$iately conc]n$1 b to all ,europe4 ,x is1 ,i ?9k1 c]ta91 t if ! fleets ( ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,holl& 7 conf$]at$1 !y c\ld propose1 ) effect1 a limitation to1 & a g5]al dismantl+ (1 all ! navies 9 ,europe1 to a c]ta9 proportion to be agre$ ^u4 ,fir/1 ,t no new %ip ( w> %all be built by any p[] 9 ,europe1 !mselves includ$4 ,second1 ,t all ! navies n[ 9 exi/5ce %all be put back1 suppose to "o-t5? ( _! pres5t =ce4 ,?is w save to ,france & ,engl&1 at lea/ two millions /]l+ annually to ea*1 & _! relative =ce be 9 ! same proportion z x is n[4 ,if m5 w p]mit !mselves to ?9k1 z rational be+s ought to ?9k1 no?+ c appe> m ridicul\s & absurd1 exclusive ( all moral reflections1 ?an to be at ! exp5se ( build+ navies1 fill+ !m ) m51 & !n haul+ !m into ! ocean1 to try :i* c s9k ea* o!r fa/e/4 ,peace1 :i* co/s no?+1 is att5d$ ) inf9itely m advantage1 ?an any victory ) all its exp5se4 ,b ?is1 ?\gh x be/ answ]s ! purpose ( nations1 does n t ( c\rt gov]nm5ts1 ^: habit$ policy is pret5ce = taxation1 places1 & (fices4 ,x is1 ,i ?9k1 also c]ta91 t ! above conf$]at$ p[]s1 toge!r ) t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 c propose ) effect1 to ,spa91 ! indep5d5ce ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & ! op5+ ^? c\ntries ( imm5se ext5t & weal? to ! g5]al comm]ce ( ! _w1 z ,nor? ,am]ica n[ is4 ,) h[ mu* m glory1 & advantage to itself1 does a nation act1 :5 x ex]ts its p[]s to rescue ! _w f bondage1 & to create itself fri5ds1 ?an :5 x employs ^? p[]s to increase ru91 desolation1 & mis]y4 ,! horrid sc5e t is n[ act+ by ! ,engli% gov]nm5t 9 ! ,ea/-,indies1 is fit only to be told ( ,go?s & ,v&als1 :o1 de/itute ( pr9ciple1 robb$ & tortur$ ! _w !y 7 incapable ( enjoy+4 ,! op5+ ( ,s\? ,am]ica w\ld produce an imm5se field ( comm]ce1 & a ready money m>ket = manufactures1 :i* ! ea/]n _w does n4 ,! ,ea/ is already a c\ntry full ( manufactures1 ! importation ( :i* is n only an injury to ! manufactures ( ,engl&1 b a dra9 ^u its specie4 ,! balance aga9/ ,engl& by ?is trade is regul>ly upw>ds ( half a million annually s5t out 9 ! ,ea/-,india %ips 9 silv]2 & ?is is ! reason1 toge!r ) ,g]man intrigue1 & ,g]man subsidies1 t !re is s little silv] 9 ,engl&4 ,b any w> is h>ve/ to su* gov]nm5ts1 h[ev] ru9\s x may be to a nation4 ,x s]ves to keep up deceitful expectations :i* prev5t p f look+ into ! defects & abuses ( gov]nm5t4 ,x is ! lo "h6 & ! lo !re6 t amuses & *eats ! multitude4 ,nev] did s great an opportunity (f] itself to ,engl&1 & to all ,europe1 z is produc$ by ! two ,revolutions ( ,am]ica & ,france4 ,by ! =m]1 fre$om has a national *ampion 9 ! we/]n _w2 & by ! latt]1 9 ,europe4 ,:5 ano!r nation %all jo9 ,france1 despotism & bad gov]nm5t w sc>cely d>e to appe>4 ,to use a trite expression1 ! iron is becom+ hot all ov] ,europe4 ,! insult$ ,g]man & ! enslav$ ,spani>d1 ! ,russ & ! ,pole1 are beg9n+ to ?9k4 ,! pres5t age w h]eaft] m]it to be call$ ! ,age ( ,reason1 & ! pres5t g5]ation w appe> to ! future z ! ,adam ( a new _w4 ,:5 all ! gov]nm5ts ( ,europe %all be e/abli%$ on ! repres5tative sy/em1 nations w become acqua9t$1 & ! animosities & prejudices fom5t$ by ! intrigue & artifice ( c\rts1 w cease4 ,! oppress$ soldi] w become a freeman2 & ! tortur$ sailor1 no long] dragg$ ?r\gh ! /reets l a felon1 w pursue 8 m]cantile voyage 9 safety4 ,x w\ld be bett] t nations %\ld wi cont9ue ! pay ( _! soldi]s dur+ _! lives1 & give !m _! dis*>ge & re/ore !m to fre$om & _! fri5ds1 & cease recruit+1 ?an reta9 su* multitudes at ! same exp5se1 9 a condition useless to society & to !mselves4 ,z soldi]s h hi!rto be5 treat$ 9 mo/ c\ntries1 !y might be said to be )\t a fri5d4 ,%unn$ by ! citiz5 on an appreh5sion ( _! be+ enemies to lib]ty1 & too (t5 insult$ by ^? :o comm&$ !m1 _! condition 0 a d\ble oppression4 ,b :]e g5u9e pr9ciples ( lib]ty p]vade a p1 e ?+ is re/or$ to ord]2 & ! soldi] civilly treat$1 returns ! civility4 ,9 contemplat+ revolutions1 x is easy to p]ceive t !y may arise f two di/9ct causes2 ! "o1 to avoid or get rid ( "s great calamity2 ! o!r1 to obta9 "s great & positive good2 & ! two may be di/+ui%$ by ! names ( active & passive revolutions4 ,9 ^? :i* proce$ f ! =m] cause1 ! temp] becomes inc5s$ & s\r$2 & ! r$ress1 obta9$ by dang]1 is too (t5 sulli$ by rev5ge4 ,b 9 ^? :i* proce$ f ! latt]1 ! he>t1 r animat$ ?an agitat$1 ent]s s]5ely ^u ! subject4 ,reason & discussion1 p]suasion & conviction1 become ! weapons 9 ! conte/1 & x is only :5 ^? are attempt$ to be suppress$ t rec\rse is _h to viol5ce4 ,:5 m5 unite 9 agree+ t a ?+ is good1 c\ld x be obta9$1 su* = in/ance z relief f a burd5 ( taxes & ! ext9ction ( corruption1 ! object is m ?an half accompli%$4 ,:at !y approve z ! end1 !y w promote 9 ! means4 ,w any man say1 9 ! pres5t excess ( taxation1 fall+ s heavily on ! poor1 t a remission ( five p\nds annually ( taxes to "o hundr$ & f\r ?\s& poor families is n a good ?+8 ,w he say t a remission ( sev5 p\nds annually to "o hundr$ ?\s& o!r poor families--( eight p\nds annually to ano!r hundr$ ?\s& poor families1 & ( t5 p\nds annually to fifty ?\s& poor & wid[$ families1 are n good ?+s8 ,&1 to proce$ a /ep fur!r 9 ?is climax1 w he say t to provide aga9/ ! mis=tunes to :i* all human life is subject1 by secur+ six p\nds annually = all poor1 di/ress$1 & r$uc$ p]sons ( ! age ( fifty & until sixty1 & ( t5 p\nds annually aft] sixty1 is n a good ?+8 ,w he say t an abolition ( two millions ( poor-rates to ! h\se-keep]s1 & ( ! :ole ( ! h\se & w9d[-light tax & ( ! commutation tax is n a good ?+8 ,or w he say t to aboli% corruption is a bad ?+8 ,if1 !re=e1 ! good to be obta9$ be wor?y ( a passive1 rational1 & co/less revolution1 x w\ld be bad policy to pref] wait+ = a calamity t %\ld =ce a viol5t "o4 ,i h no idea1 consid]+ ! re=ms :i* are n[ pass+ & spread+ ?r\gh\t ,europe1 t ,engl& w p]mit h]self to be ! la/2 & :]e ! occasion & ! opportunity quietly (f]1 x is bett] ?an to wait = a turbul5t necessity4 ,x may be consid]$ z an hon\r to ! animal faculties ( man to obta9 r$ress by c\rage & dang]1 b x is f> great] hon\r to ! rational faculties to accompli% ! same object by reason1 accommodation1 & g5]al cons5t499#dj ,z re=ms1 or revolutions1 call !m :i* y please1 ext5d !mselves among nations1 ^? nations w =m connections & conv5tions1 & :5 a few are ?us conf$]at$1 ! progress w be rapid1 till despotism & corrupt gov]nm5t be totally expell$1 at lea/ out ( two qu>t]s ( ! _w1 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,! ,alg]9e piracy may !n be comm&$ to cease1 = x is only by ! malici\s policy ( old gov]nm5ts1 aga9/ ea* o!r1 t x exi/s4 ,?r\gh\t ?is "w1 v>i\s & num]\s z ! subjects are1 :i* ,i h tak5 up & inve/igat$1 !re is only a s+le p>agraph ^u religion1 viz4 t e religion is good t tea*es man to be good4 ,i h c>efully avoid$ to enl>ge ^u ! subject1 because ,i am incl9$ to believe t :at is call$ ! pres5t m9i/ry1 wi% to see cont5tions ab\t religion kept up1 to prev5t ! nation turn+ its att5tion to subjects ( gov]nm5t4 ,x is z if !y 7 to say1 ,look t way1 or any way1 b ?is4 ,b z religion is v improp]ly made a political ma*9e1 & ! reality ( x is !reby de/roy$1 ,i w conclude ?is "w ) /at+ 9 :at light religion appe>s to me4 ,if we suppose a l>ge family ( *ildr51 :o1 on any p>ticul> day1 or p>ticul> circum/ance1 made x a cu/om to pres5t to _! p>5ts "s tok5 ( _! affection & gratitude1 ea* ( !m w\ld make a diff]5t (f]+1 & mo/ probably 9 a diff]5t mann]4 ,"s w\ld pay _! congratulations 9 !mes ( v]se & prose1 by "s little devices1 z _! g5ius dictat$1 or accord+ to :at !y ?\ght w\ld please2 &1 p]haps1 ! lea/ ( all1 n able to d any ( ^? ?+s1 w\ld ramble into ! g>d51 or ! field1 & ga!r :at x ?\ght ! prettie/ fl[] x c\ld f9d1 ?\gh1 p]haps1 x might be b a simple we$4 ,! p>5t w\ld be m gratifi$ by su* a v>iety1 ?an if ! :ole ( !m _h act$ on a conc]t$ plan1 & ea* _h made exactly ! same (f]+4 ,?is w\ld h ! cold appe>ance ( contrivance1 or ! h>% "o ( control4 ,b ( all unwelcome ?+s1 no?+ c\ld m afflict ! p>5t ?an to "k1 t ! :ole ( !m _h aft]w>ds gott5 toge!r by ! e>s1 boys & girls1 fight+1 scrat*+1 revil+1 & abus+ ea* o!r ab\t :i* 0 ! be/ or ! wor/ pres5t4 ,:y may we n suppose1 t ! great ,fa!r ( all is pleas$ ) v>iety ( devotion2 & t ! greate/ (f5ce we c act1 is t by :i* we seek to torm5t & r5d] ea* o!r mis]able8 ,= my own "p1 ,i am fully satisfi$ t :at ,i am n[ do+1 ) an endeav\r to conciliate mank9d1 to r5d] _! condition happy1 to unite nations t h hi!rto be5 enemies1 & to extirpate ! horrid practice ( w>1 & break ! *a9s ( slav]y & oppression is acceptable 9 8 sight1 & be+ ! be/ s]vice ,i c p]=m1 ,i act x *e]fully4 ,i d n believe t any two m51 on :at are call$ doctr9al po9ts1 ?9k alike :o ?9k at all4 ,x is only ^? :o h n ?\ght t appe> to agree4 ,x is 9 ?is case z ) :at is call$ ! ,briti% con/itution4 ,x has be5 tak5 = grant$ to be good1 & encomiums h suppli$ ! place ( pro(4 ,b :5 ! nation comes to exam9e into its pr9ciples & ! abuses x admits1 x w be f\nd to h m defects ?an ,i h po9t$ out 9 ?is "w & ! =m]4 ,z to :at are call$ national religions1 we may1 ) z mu* propriety1 talk ( national ,gods4 ,x is ei!r political craft or ! rema9s ( ! ,pagan sy/em1 :5 e nation _h its sep>ate & p>ticul> deity4 ,among all ! writ]s ( ! ,engli% *ur* cl]gy1 :o h treat$ on ! g5]al subject ( religion1 ! pres5t ,bi%op ( ,ll&aff has n be5 excell$1 & x is ) mu* pleasure t ,i take ?is opportunity ( express+ ?is tok5 ( respect4 ,i h n[ gone ?r\gh ! :ole ( ! subject1 at lea/1 z f> z x appe>s to me at pres5t4 ,x has be5 my int5tion = ! five ye>s ,i h be5 9 ,europe1 to (f] an address to ! p ( ,engl& on ! subject ( gov]nm5t1 if ! opportunity pres5t$ itself be=e ,i return$ to ,am]ica4 ,mr4 ,burke has ?r[n x 9 my way1 & ,i ?ank him4 ,on a c]ta9 occasion1 ?ree ye>s ago1 ,i press$ him to propose a national conv5tion1 to be fairly elect$1 = ! purpose ( tak+ ! /ate ( ! nation into consid]ation2 b ,i f\nd1 t h[ev] /rongly ! p>liam5t>y curr5t 0 !n sett+ aga9/ ! p>ty he act$ )1 _! policy 0 to keep e ?+ )9 t field ( corruption1 & tru/ to accid5ts4 ,long exp]i5ce _h %[n t p>liam5ts w\ld foll[ any *ange ( m9i/]s1 & on ?is !y re/$ _! hopes & _! expectations4 ,=m]ly1 :5 divisions arose respect+ gov]nm5ts1 rec\rse 0 _h to ! sword1 & a civil w> ensu$4 ,t savage cu/om is explod$ by ! new sy/em1 & ref]5ce is _h to national conv5tions4 ,discussion & ! g5]al w arbitrates ! "q1 & to ?is1 private op9ion yields ) a good grace1 & ord] is pres]v$ un9t]rupt$4 ,"s g5tlem5 h affect$ to call ! pr9ciples ^u :i* ?is "w & ! =m] "p ( ,rights ( ,man are f\nd$1 a new-fangl$ doctr9e4 ,! "q is n :e!r ^? pr9ciples are new or old1 b :e!r !y are "r or wrong4 ,suppose ! =m]1 ,i w %[ _! effect by a figure easily und]/ood4 ,x is n[ t[>ds ! middle ( ,febru>y4 ,7 ,i to take a turn into ! c\ntry1 ! trees w\ld pres5t a leafless1 w9t]y appe>ance4 ,z p are apt to pluck twigs z !y walk along1 ,i p]haps might d ! same1 & by *ance might obs]ve1 t a s+le bud on t twig _h begun to swell4 ,i %\ld reason v unnaturally1 or r n reason at all1 to suppose ?is 0 ! only bud 9 ,engl& :i* _h ?is appe>ance4 ,in/ead ( decid+ ?us1 ,i %\ld in/antly conclude1 t ! same appe>ance 0 beg9n+1 or ab\t to beg91 e :]e2 & ?\gh ! vegetable sleep w cont9ue long] on "s trees & plants ?an on o!rs1 & ?\gh "s ( !m may n blossom = two or ?ree ye>s1 all w be 9 leaf 9 ! summ]1 except ^? :i* are rott54 ,:at pace ! political summ] may keep ) ! natural1 no human =esight c det]m9e4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 n difficult to p]ceive t ! spr+ is begun4--,?us wi%+1 z ,i s9c]ely d1 fre$om & happ9ess to all nations1 ,i close ! ,second ,"p4 ,,app5dix ,z ! publication ( ?is "w has be5 delay$ beyond ! "t int5d$1 ,i ?9k x n improp]1 all circum/ances consid]$1 to /ate ! causes t h occasion$ delay4 ,! read] w probably obs]ve1 t "s p>ts 9 ! plan conta9$ 9 ?is "w = r$uc+ ! taxes1 & c]ta9 p>ts 9 ,mr4 ,pitt's spee* at ! op5+ ( ! pres5t session1 ,tuesday1 ,janu>y #ca1 are s mu* alike z to induce a belief1 t ei!r ! au?or _h tak5 ! h9t f ,mr4 ,pitt1 or ,mr4 ,pitt f ! au?or4--,i w fir/ po9t out ! p>ts t are simil>1 & !n /ate su* circum/ances z ,i am acqua9t$ )1 leav+ ! read] to make 8 own conclusion4 ,consid]+ x z almo/ an unprec$5t$ case1 t taxes %\ld be propos$ to be tak5 (f1 x is equally extraord9>y t su* a measure %\ld occur to two p]sons at ! same "t2 & /ill m s 7consid]+ ! va/ v>iety & multiplicity ( taxes7 t !y %\ld hit on ! same specific taxes4 ,mr4 ,pitt has m5tion$1 9 8 spee*1 ! tax on ,c>ts & ,wagons--t on ,female ,s]vant/he l[]+ ! tax on ,c&les & ! tak+ (f ! tax ( ?ree %ill+s on ,h\ses hav+ "u sev5 w9d[s4 ,e "o ( ^? specific taxes are a "p ( ! plan conta9$ 9 ?is "w1 & propos$ also to be tak5 (f4 ,mr4 ,pitt's plan1 x is true1 goes no fur!r ?an to a r$uction ( ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s& p\nds2 & ! r$uction propos$ 9 ?is "w1 to ne>ly six millions4 ,i h made my calculations on only sixte5 millions & an half ( rev5ue1 /ill ass]t+ t x 0 v ne>ly1 if n q1 sev5te5 millions4 ,mr4 ,pitt /ates x at #af1fij1jjj4 ,i "k en\gh ( ! matt] to say1 t he has n ov]/at$ x4 ,hav+ ?us giv5 ! p>ticul>s1 :i* correspond 9 ?is "w & 8 spee*1 ,i w /ate a *a9 ( circum/ances t may lead to "s explanation4 ,! fir/ h9t = less5+ ! taxes1 & t z a consequ5ce fl[+ f ! ,fr5* revolution1 is to be f\nd 9 ! ,address & ,decl>ation ( ! ,g5tlem5 :o met at ! ,?at*$-,h\se ,tav]n1 ,augu/ #bj1 #agia4 ,among _m o!r p>ticul>s /at$ 9 t ,address1 is ! foll[+1 put z an int]rogation to ! gov]nm5t oppos]s ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,are !y sorry t ! pret5ce = new oppressive taxes1 & ! occasion = cont9u+ _m old taxes w be at an end8 ,x is well kn[n t ! p]sons :o *iefly frequ5t ! ,?at*$-,h\se ,tav]n1 are m5 ( c\rt connections1 & s mu* did !y take ?is ,address & ,decl>ation respect+ ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 & ! r$uction ( taxes 9 disgu/1 t ! ,l&lord 0 "u ! necessity ( in=m+ ! ,g5tlem51 :o compos$ ! meet+ ( ! #bj? ( ,augu/1 & :o propos$ hold+ ano!r meet+1 t he c\ld n receive !m499#da ,:at 0 only h9t$ 9 ! ,address & ,decl>ation respect+ taxes & pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t1 w be f\nd r$uc$ to a regul> sy/em 9 ?is "w4 ,b z ,mr4 ,pitt's spee* conta9s "s ( ! same ?+s respect+ taxes1 ,i n[ come to give ! circum/ances be=e allud$ to4 ,! case is3 ,?is "w 0 int5d$ to be publi%$ j be=e ! meet+ ( ,p>liam5t1 & = t purpose a consid]able "p ( ! copy 0 put into ! pr9t]'s h&s 9 ,septemb]1 & all ! rema9+ copy1 :i* conta9s ! "p to :i* ,mr4 ,pitt's spee* is simil>1 0 giv5 to him full six weeks be=e ! meet+ ( ,p>liam5t1 & he 0 in=m$ ( ! "t at :i* x 0 to appe>4 ,he _h compos$ ne>ly ! :ole ab\t a =tnight be=e ! "t ( ,p>liam5t meet+1 & _h giv5 me a pro( ( ! next %eet4 ,x 0 !n 9 suffici5t =w>dness to be out at ! "t propos$1 z two o!r %eets 7 ready = /rik+ (f4 ,i _h be=e told him1 t if he ?\ght he %\ld be /rait5$ = "t1 ,i c\ld get "p ( ! "w done at ano!r press1 :i* he desir$ me n to d4 ,9 ?is mann] ! "w /ood on ! ,tuesday =tnight prec$+ ! meet+ ( ,p>liam5t1 :5 all at once1 )\t any previ\s intimation1 ?\gh ,i _h be5 ) him ! ev5+ be=e1 he s5t me1 by "o ( 8 workm51 all ! rema9+ copy1 decl9+ to g on ) ! "w on any consid]ation4 ,to acc\nt = ?is extraord9>y conduct ,i 0 totally at a loss1 z he /opp$ at ! "p :]e ! argum5ts on sy/ems & pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t clos$1 & :]e ! plan = ! r$uction ( taxes1 ! education ( *ildr51 & ! support ( ! poor & ! ag$ beg9s2 & /ill m especially1 z he _h1 at ! "t ( 8 beg9n+ to pr9t1 & be=e he _h se5 ! :ole copy1 (f]$ a ?\s& p\nds = ! copy-"r1 toge!r ) ! future copy-"r ( ! =m] "p ( ! ,rights ( ,man4 ,i told ! p]son :o br\ght me ?is (f] t ,i %\ld n accept x1 & wi%$ x n to be r5ew$1 giv+ him z my reason1 t ?\gh ,i believ$ ! pr9t] to be an hone/ man1 ,i w\ld nev] put x 9 ! p[] ( any pr9t] or publi%] to suppress or alt] a "w ( m9e1 by mak+ him ma/] ( ! copy1 or give to him ! "r ( sell+ x to any m9i/]1 or to any o!r p]son1 or to treat z a m]e matt] ( traffic1 t :i* ,i int5d$ %\ld op]ate z a pr9ciple4 ,8 refusal to complete ! "w 7:i* he c\ld n pur*ase7 oblig$ me to seek = ano!r pr9t]1 & ?is ( consequ5ce w\ld ?r[ ! publication back till aft] ! meet+ ( ,p>liam5t1 o!rways x w\ld h appe>$ t ,mr4 ,pitt _h only tak5 up a "p ( ! plan :i* ,i _h m fully /at$4 ,:e!r t g5tleman1 or any o!r1 _h se5 ! "w1 or any "p ( x1 is m ?an ,i h au?ority to say4 ,b ! mann] 9 :i* ! "w 0 return$1 & ! p>ticul> "t at :i* ?is 0 done1 & t aft] ! (f]s he _h made1 are suspici\s circum/ances4 ,i "k :at ! op9ion ( booksell]s & publi%]s is ^u su* a case1 b z to my own op9ion1 ,i *oose to make no decl>ation4 ,!re are _m ways by :i* pro( %eets may be procur$ by o!r p]sons be=e a "w publicly appe>s2 to :i* ,i %all add a c]ta9 circum/ance1 :i* is1 ,a m9i/]ial booksell] 9 ,piccadilly :o has be5 employ$1 z common report says1 by a cl]k ( "o ( ! bo>ds closely connect$ ) ! m9i/ry 7! bo>d ( trade & plantation1 ( :i* ,hawkesbury is presid5t7 to publi% :at he calls my ,life1 7,i wi% 8 own life & ^? ( ! cab9et 7 z good71 us$ to h 8 books pr9t$ at ! same pr9t+-(fice t ,i employ$2 b :5 ! =m] "p ( ,rights ( ,man came out1 he took 8 "w away 9 dudgeon2 & ab\t a week or t5 days be=e ! pr9t] return$ my copy1 he came to make him an (f] ( 8 "w aga91 :i* 0 accept$4 ,?is w\ld consequ5tly give him admission into ! pr9t+-(fice :]e ! %eets ( ?is "w 7 !n ly+2 & z booksell]s & pr9t]s are free ) ea* o!r1 he w\ld h ! opportunity ( see+ :at 0 go+ on4--,be ! case1 h[ev]1 z x may1 ,mr4 ,pitt's plan1 little & dim9utive z x is1 w\ld h made a v awkw>d appe>ance1 _h ?is "w appe>$ at ! "t ! pr9t] _h engag$ to f9i% x4 ,i h n[ /at$ ! p>ticul>s :i* occasion$ ! delay1 f ! proposal to pur*ase1 to ! refusal to pr9t4 ,if all ! ,g5tlem5 are innoc5t1 x is v un=tunate = !m t su* a v>iety ( suspici\s circum/ances %\ld1 )\t any design1 arrange !mselves toge!r4 ,hav+ n[ f9i%$ ?is "p1 ,i w conclude ) /at+ ano!r circum/ance4 ,ab\t a =tnight or ?ree weeks be=e ! meet+ ( ,p>liam5t1 a small addition1 am\nt+ to ab\t twelve %ill+s & sixp5ce a ye>1 0 made to ! pay ( ! soldi]s1 or r _! pay 0 dock$ s mu* less4 ,"s ,g5tlem5 :o knew1 9 "p1 t ?is "w w\ld conta9 a plan ( re=ms respect+ ! oppress$ condition ( soldi]s1 wi%$ me to add a note to ! "w1 signify+ t ! "p ^u t subject _h be5 9 ! pr9t]'s h&s "s weeks be=e t addition ( pay 0 propos$4 ,i decl9$ do+ ?is1 le/ x %\ld be int]pret$ into an air ( vanity1 or an endeav\r to excite suspicion 7= :i* p]haps !re might be no gr\nds7 t "s ( ! gov]nm5t g5tlem5 _h1 by "s means or o!r1 made out :at ?is "w w\ld conta93 & _h n ! pr9t+ be5 int]rupt$ s z to occasion a delay beyond ! "t fix$ = publication1 no?+ conta9$ 9 ?is app5dix w\ld h appe>$4 ,?omas ,pa9e ,,! ,,au?or',s ,,notes ,,= ,,"p ,,"o ,,& ,,"p ,,two ,footnote #a3 ,! ma9 & uni=m maxim ( ! judges is1 ! great] ! tru? ! great] ! libel4 ,footnote #b3 ,s9ce writ+ ! above1 two o!r places occur 9 ,mr4 ,burke's pamphlet 9 :i* ! "n ( ! ,ba/ille is m5tion$1 b 9 ! same mann]4 ,9 ! "o he introduces x 9 a sort ( obscure "q1 & asks3 ,w any m9i/]s :o n[ s]ve su* a k+1 ) b a dec5t appe>ance ( respect1 cordially obey ! ord]s ( ^? :om b ! o!r day1 9 8 "n1 !y _h committ$ to ! ,ba/ille8 ,9 ! o!r ! tak+ x is m5tion$ z imply+ crim9ality 9 ! ,fr5* gu>ds1 :o assi/$ 9 demoli%+ x4 ,!y h n1 says he1 =got ! tak+ ! k+'s ca/les at ,p>is4 ,?is is ,mr4 ,burke1 :o pret5ds to write on con/itutional fre$om4 ,footnote #c3 ,i am w>rant$ 9 ass]t+ ?is1 z ,i _h x p]sonally f ,m4 de la ,fayette1 ) :om ,i liv$ 9 habits ( fri5d%ip = f\rte5 ye>s4 ,footnote #d3 ,an acc\nt ( ! exp$ition to ,v]sailles may be se5 9 ,no4 #ac ( ! ,revolution de ,p>is conta9+ ! ev5ts f ! #crd to ! #aj? ( ,octob]1 #aghi4 ,footnote #e3 ,x is a practice 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 :5 two travell]s h b "o horse1 :i*1 l ! national purse1 w n c>ry d\ble1 t ! "o m\nts & rides two or ?ree miles ahead1 & !n ties ! horse to a gate & walks on4 ,:5 ! second travell] arrives he takes ! horse1 rides on1 & passes 8 companion a mile or two1 & ties aga91 & s on--,ride & tie4 ,footnote #f3 ,! ^w he us$ 0 r5voye1 dismiss$ or s5t away4 ,footnote #g3 ,:5 9 any c\ntry we see extraord9>y circum/ances tak+ place1 !y naturally lead any man :o has a tal5t = obs]vation & inve/igation1 to enquire into ! causes4 ,! manufactur]s ( ,man*e/]1 ,birm+ham1 & ,%effield1 are ! pr9cipal manufactur]s 9 ,engl&4 ,f :5ce did ?is arise8 ,a little obs]vation w expla9 ! case4 ,! pr9cipal1 & ! g5]ality ( ! inhabitants ( ^? places1 are n ( :at is call$ 9 ,engl&1 ! *ur* e/abli%$ by law3 & !y1 or _! fa!rs1 7= x is )9 b a few ye>s7 )drew f ! p]secution ( ! *>t]$ t[ns1 :]e te/-laws m p>ticul>ly op]ate1 & e/abli%$ a sort ( asylum = !mselves 9 ^? places4 ,x 0 ! only asylum t !n (f]$1 = ! re/ ( ,europe 0 worse4--,b ! case is n[ *ang+4 ,france & ,am]ica bid all com]s welcome1 & initiate !m into all ! rights ( citiz5%ip4 ,policy & int]e/1 !re=e1 w1 b p]haps too late1 dictate 9 ,engl&1 :at reason & ju/ice c\ld n4 ,^? manufactur]s are )draw+1 & aris+ 9 o!r places4 ,!re is n[ erect+ 9 ,passey1 ?ree miles f ,p>is1 a l>ge cotton manufactory1 & sev]al are already erect$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,soon aft] ! reject+ ! ,bill = repeal+ ! te/-law1 "o ( ! ri*e/ manufactur]s 9 ,engl& said 9 my he>+1 ,engl&1 ,sir1 is n a c\ntry = a diss5t] to live 91--we mu/ g to ,france4 ,^! are tru?s1 & x is do+ ju/ice to bo? p>ties to tell !m4 ,x is *iefly ! diss5t]s t h c>ri$ ,engli% manufactures to ! height !y are n[ at1 & ! same m5 h x 9 _! p[] to c>ry !m away2 & ?\gh ^? manufactures w\ld aft]w>ds cont9ue 9 ^? places1 ! =eign m>ket w be lo/4 ,!re frequ5tly appe> 9 ! ,london ,gazette1 extracts f c]ta9 acts to prev5t ma*9es & p]sons1 z f> z !y c ext5d to p]sons1 f go+ out ( ! c\ntry4 ,x appe>s f ^! t ! ill effects ( ! te/-laws & *ur*-e/abli%m5t beg9 to be mu* suspect$2 b ! rem$y ( =ce c nev] supply ! rem$y ( reason4 ,9 ! progress ( less ?an a c5tury1 all ! unrepres5t$ "p ( ,engl&1 ( all d5om9ations1 :i* is at lea/ an hundr$ times ! mo/ num]\s1 may beg9 to feel ! necessity ( a con/itution1 & !n all ^? matt]s w come regul>ly be=e !m4 ,footnote #h3 ,:5 ! ,engli% ,m9i/]1 ,mr4 ,pitt1 m5tions ! ,fr5* f9ances aga9 9 ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t1 x w\ld be well t he notic$ ?is z an example4 ,footnote #i3 ,mr4 ,burke1 7& ,i mu/ take ! lib]ty ( tell+ him t he is v unacqua9t$ ) ,fr5* affairs71 speak+ ^u ?is subject1 says1 ,! fir/ ?+ t /ruck me 9 call+ ! ,/ates-,g5]al1 0 a great dep>ture f ! anci5t c\rse2--& he soon aft] says1 ,f ! mom5t ,i read ! li/1 ,i saw di/9ctly1 & v ne>ly z x has happ5$1 all t 0 to foll[4--,mr4 ,burke c]ta9ly did n see an t 0 to foll[4 ,i endeav\r$ to impress him1 z well be=e z aft] ! ,/ates-,g5]al met1 t !re w\ld be a revolution2 b 0 n able to make him see x1 nei!r w\ld he believe x4 ,h[ !n he c\ld di/9ctly see all ! p>ts1 :5 ! :ole 0 out ( sight1 is beyond my compreh5sion4 ,& ) respect to ! dep>ture f ! anci5t c\rse1 besides ! natural weakness ( ! rem>k1 x %[s t he is unacqua9t$ ) circum/ances4 ,! dep>ture 0 necess>y1 f ! exp]i5ce _h ^u x1 t ! anci5t c\rse 0 a bad "o4 ,! ,/ates-,g5]al ( #afad 7 call$ at ! comm5cem5t ( ! civil w> 9 ! m9ority ( ,l\is ,,xiii42 b by ! class ( arrang+ !m by ord]s1 !y increas$ ! confusion !y 7 call$ to compose4 ,! au?or ( ,l',intrigue du ,cab9et1 7,intrigue ( ! ,cab9et71 :o wrote be=e any revolution 0 ?\ght ( 9 ,france1 speak+ ( ! ,/ates-,g5]al ( #afad1 says1 ,!y held ! public 9 susp5se five mon?s2 & by ! que/ions agitat$ !re91 & ! heat ) :i* !y 7 put1 x appe>s t ! great 7les gr&s7 ?\ght m to satisfy _! p>ticul> passions1 ?an to procure ! goods ( ! nation2 & ! :ole "t pass$ away 9 alt]cations1 c]emonies & p>ade4--,l',intrigue du ,cab9et1 vol4 i4 p4 #cbi4 ,footnote #aj3 ,!re is a s+le idea1 :i*1 if x /rikes rightly ^u ! m9d1 ei!r 9 a legal or a religi\s s5se1 w prev5t any man or any body ( m51 or any gov]nm5t1 f go+ wrong on ! subject ( religion2 :i* is1 t be=e any human in/itutions ( gov]nm5t 7 kn[n 9 ! _w1 !re exi/$1 if ,i may s express x1 a compact betwe5 ,god & man1 f ! beg9n+ ( "t3 & t z ! relation & condition :i* man 9 8 individual p]son /&s 9 t[>ds 8 ,mak] _c be *ang$ by any human laws or human au?ority1 t religi\s devotion1 :i* is a "p ( ?is compact1 _c s mu* z be made a subject ( human laws2 & t all laws mu/ con=m !mselves to ?is prior exi/+ compact1 & n assume to make ! compact con=m to ! laws1 :i*1 besides be+ human1 are subsequ5t !reto4 ,! fir/ act ( man1 :5 he look$ ar\nd & saw himself a creature :i* he did n make1 & a _w furni%$ = 8 reception1 mu/ h be5 devotion2 & devotion mu/ ev] cont9ue sacr$ to e individual man1 z x appe>s1 "r to him2 & gov]nm5ts d mis*ief by int]f]+4 ,footnote #aa3 ,see ?is "w1 ,"p ,i />t+ at l9e numb] #bed4--,n4,b4 ,s9ce ! tak+ ( ! ,ba/ille1 ! occurr5ces h be5 publi%$3 b ! matt]s record$ 9 ?is n>rative1 are prior to t p]iod2 & "s ( !m1 z may be easily se51 c be b v little kn[n4 ,footnote #ab3 ,see ,e/imate ( ! ,comp>ative ,/r5g? ( ,great ,brita91 by ,g4 ,*alm]s4 ,footnote #ac3 ,see ,adm9i/ration ( ! ,f9ances ( ,france1 vol4 iii1 by ,m4 ,neck>4 ,footnote #ad3 ,adm9i/ration ( ! ,f9ances ( ,france1 vol4 iii4 ,footnote #ae3 ,:e!r ! ,engli% comm]ce does n br+ 9 money1 or :e!r ! gov]nm5t s5ds x out aft] x is br\ght 91 is a matt] :i* ! p>ties conc]n$ c be/ expla92 b t ! defici5cy exi/s1 is n 9 ! p[] ( ei!r to disprove4 ,:ile ,dr4 ,price1 ,mr4 ,ed51 7n[ ,auckl&71 ,mr4 ,*alm]s1 & o!rs1 7 debat+ :e!r ! quantity ( money 9 ,engl& 0 great] or less ?an at ! ,revolution1 ! circum/ance 0 n adv]t$ to1 t s9ce ! ,revolution1 !re _c h be5 less ?an f\r hundr$ millions /]l+ import$ into ,europe2 & !re=e ! quantity 9 ,engl& ought at lea/ to h be5 f\r times great] ?an x 0 at ! ,revolution1 to be on a proportion ) ,europe4 ,:at ,engl& is n[ do+ by pap]1 is :at %e w\ld h be5 able to d by solid money1 if gold & silv] _h come into ! nation 9 ! proportion x ought1 or _h n be5 s5t out2 & %e is endeav\r+ to re/ore by pap]1 ! balance %e has lo/ by money4 ,x is c]ta91 t ! gold & silv] :i* arrive annually 9 ! regi/]-%ips to ,spa9 & ,portugal1 d n rema9 9 ^? c\ntries4 ,tak+ ! value half 9 gold & half 9 silv]1 x is ab\t f\r hundr$ tons annually2 & f ! numb] ( %ips & galloons employ$ 9 ! trade ( br++ ^? metals f ,s\?-,am]ica to ,portugal & ,spa91 ! quantity suffici5tly proves itself1 )\t ref]r+ to ! regi/]s4 ,9 ! situation ,engl& n[ is1 x is impossible %e c increase 9 money4 ,high taxes n only less5 ! prop]ty ( ! individuals1 b !y less5 also ! money capital ( ! nation1 by induc+ smuggl+1 :i* c only be c>ri$ on by gold & silv]4 ,by ! politics :i* ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t h c>ri$ on ) ! ,inl& ,p[]s ( ,g]many & ! ,cont95t1 x has made an enemy ( all ! ,m>itime ,p[]s1 & is !re=e oblig$ to keep up a l>ge navy2 b ?\gh ! navy is built 9 ,engl&1 ! naval /ores mu/ be pur*as$ f abroad1 & t f c\ntries :]e ! greate/ "p mu/ be paid = 9 gold & silv]4 ,"s fallaci\s rum\rs h be5 set afloat 9 ,engl& to induce a belief 9 money1 &1 among o!rs1 t ( ! ,fr5* refugees br++ great quantities4 ,! idea is ridicul\s4 ,! g5]al "p ( ! money 9 ,france is silv]2 & x w\ld take upw>ds ( tw5ty ( ! l>ge/ broad :eel wagons1 ) t5 horses ea*1 to remove "o million /]l+ ( silv]4 ,is x !n to be suppos$1 t a few p flee+ on horse-back or 9 po/-*aises1 9 a secret mann]1 & hav+ ! ,fr5* ,cu/om-,h\se to pass1 & ! sea to cross1 c\ld br+ ev5 a suffici5cy = _! own exp5ses8 ,:5 millions ( money are spok5 (1 x %\ld be recollect$1 t su* sums c only accumulate 9 a c\ntry by sl[ degrees1 & a long procession ( "t4 ,! mo/ frugal sy/em t ,engl& c\ld n[ adopt1 w\ld n recov] 9 a c5tury ! balance %e has lo/ 9 money s9ce ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,hanov] succession4 ,%e is sev5ty millions beh9d ,france1 & %e mu/ be 9 "s consid]able proportion beh9d e c\ntry 9 ,europe1 because ! returns ( ! ,engli% m9t d n %[ an increase ( money1 :ile ! regi/]s ( ,lisbon & ,cadiz %[ an ,european increase ( betwe5 ?ree & f\r hundr$ millions /]l+4 ,footnote #af3 ,t "p ( ,am]ica :i* is g5]ally call$ ,new-,engl&1 includ+ ,new-,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 ,rhode-,isl&1 & ,connecticut1 is peopl$ *iefly by ,engli% desc5dants4 ,9 ! /ate ( ,new-,york ab\t half are ,dut*1 ! re/ ,engli%1 ,scot*1 & ,iri%4 ,9 ,new-j]sey1 a mixture ( ,engli% & ,dut*1 ) "s ,scot* & ,iri%4 ,9 ,p5nsylvania ab\t "o ?ird are ,engli%1 ano!r ,g]mans1 & ! rema9d] ,scot* & ,iri%1 ) "s ,sw$es4 ,! ,/ates to ! s\?w>d h a great] proportion ( ,engli% ?an ! middle ,/ates1 b 9 all ( !m !re is a mixture2 & besides ^? enum]at$1 !re are a consid]able numb] ( ,fr5*1 & "s few ( all ! ,european nations1 ly+ on ! coa/4 ,! mo/ num]\s religi\s d5om9ation are ! ,presbyt]ians2 b no "o sect is e/abli%$ above ano!r1 & all m5 are equally citiz5s4 ,footnote #ag3 ,= a "* ( ari/ocracy1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ,rights ( ,man1 ,"p ,i41 />t+ at l9e numb] #adeg4 ,footnote #ah3 ,! :ole am\nt ( ! assess$ taxes ( ,france1 = ! pres5t ye>1 is ?ree hundr$ millions ( francs1 :i* is twelve millions & a half /]l+2 & ! incid5tal taxes are e/imat$ at ?ree millions1 mak+ 9 ! :ole fifte5 millions & a half2 :i* among tw5ty-f\r millions ( p1 is n q ?irte5 %ill+s p] head4 ,france has less5$ h] taxes s9ce ! revolution1 ne>ly n9e millions /]l+ annually4 ,be=e ! revolution1 ! city ( ,p>is paid a duty ( upw>ds ( ?irty p] c5t4 on all articles br\ght into ! city4 ,?is tax 0 collect$ at ! city gates4 ,x 0 tak5 (f on ! fir/ ( la/ ,may1 & ! gates tak5 d[n4 ,footnote #ai3 ,:at 0 call$ ! livre r\ge1 or ! r$ book1 9 ,france1 0 n exactly simil> to ! ,c\rt ,cal5d> 9 ,engl&2 b x suffici5tly %[$ h[ a great "p ( ! taxes 0 lavi%$4 ,footnote #bj3 ,9 ,engl& ! improvem5ts 9 agriculture1 useful arts1 manufactures1 & comm]ce1 h be5 made 9 opposition to ! g5ius ( its gov]nm5t1 :i* is t ( foll[+ prec$5ts4 ,x is f ! ent]prise & indu/ry ( ! individuals1 & _! num]\s associations1 9 :i*1 tritely speak+1 gov]nm5t is nei!r pill[ nor bol/]1 t ^! improvem5ts h proce$$4 ,no man ?\ght ab\t gov]nm5t1 or :o 0 91 or :o 0 out1 :5 he 0 plann+ or execut+ ^? ?+s2 & all he _h to hope1 ) respect to gov]nm5t1 01 t x w\ld let him alone4 ,?ree or f\r v silly m9i/]ial newspap]s are cont9ually (f5d+ aga9/ ! _s ( national improvem5t1 by ascrib+ x to a m9i/]4 ,!y may ) z mu* tru? ascribe ?is book to a m9i/]4 ,footnote #ba3 ,) respect to ! two h\ses1 ( :i* ! ,engli% p>liam5t is compos$1 !y appe> to be effectually influ5c$ into "o1 &1 z a legislature1 to h no temp] ( its own4 ,! m9i/]1 :oev] he at any "t may be1 t\*es x z ) an opium w&1 & x sleeps ob$i5ce4 ,b if we look at ! di/9ct abilities ( ! two h\ses1 ! diff]5ce w appe> s great1 z to %[ ! inconsi/5cy ( plac+ p[] :]e !re c be no c]ta9ty ( ! judgm5t to use x4 ,wret*$ z ! /ate ( repres5tation is 9 ,engl&1 x is manhood comp>$ ) :at is call$ ! h\se ( ,lords2 & s little is ?is nick-nam$ h\se reg>d$1 t ! p sc>cely enquire at any "t :at x is do+4 ,x appe>s also to be mo/ "u influ5ce1 & ! fur!/ remov$ f ! g5]al int]e/ ( ! nation4 ,9 ! debate on engag+ 9 ! ,russian & ,turki% w>1 ! majority 9 ! h\se ( pe]s 9 favor ( x 0 upw>ds ( n9ety1 :5 9 ! o!r h\se1 :i* 0 m ?an d\ble its numb]s1 ! majority 0 sixty-?ree4 ,! proce$+s on ,mr4 ,fox's bill1 respect+ ! rights ( juries1 m]its also to be notic$4 ,! p]sons call$ ! pe]s 7 n ! objects ( t bill4 ,!y are already 9 possession ( m privileges ?an t bill gave to o!rs4 ,!y are _! own jury1 & if any "o ( t h\se 7 prosecut$ = a libel1 he w\ld n suff]1 ev5 ^u conviction1 = ! fir/ (f5se4 ,su* inequality 9 laws ought n to exi/ 9 any c\ntry4 ,! ,fr5* con/itution says1 t ! law is ! same to e individual1 :e!r to ,protect or to puni%4 ,all are equal 9 its sight4 ,footnote #bb3 ,z to ! /ate ( repres5tation 9 ,engl&1 x is too absurd to be reason$ ^u4 ,almo/ all ! repres5t$ p>ts are decreas+ 9 population1 & ! unrepres5t$ p>ts are increas+4 ,a g5]al conv5tion ( ! nation is necess>y to take ! :ole =m ( gov]nm5t into consid]ation4 ,footnote #bc3 ,x is relat$ t 9 ! canton ( ,b]ne1 9 ,switz]l&1 x has be5 cu/om>y1 f "t immemorial1 to keep a be> at ! public exp5se1 & ! p _h be5 taught to believe t if !y _h n a be> !y %\ld all be undone4 ,x happ5$ "s ye>s ago t ! be>1 !n 9 be+1 0 tak5 sick1 & di$ too sudd5ly to h 8 place imm$iately suppli$ ) ano!r4 ,dur+ ?is int]regnum ! p discov]$ t ! corn grew1 & ! v9tage fl\ri%$1 & ! sun & moon cont9u$ to rise & set1 & ev]y?+ w5t on ! same z be=e1 & tak+ c\rage f ^! circum/ances1 !y resolv$ n to keep any m be>s2 =1 said !y1 a be> is a v voraci\s exp5sive animal1 & we 7 oblig$ to pull out 8 claws1 le/ he %\ld hurt ! citiz5s4 ,! /ory ( ! be> ( ,b]ne 0 relat$ 9 "s ( ! ,fr5* newspap]s1 at ! "t ( ! flight ( ,l\is ,xvi41 & ! application ( x to mon>*y c\ld n be mi/ak5 9 ,france2 b x seems t ! ari/ocracy ( ,b]ne appli$ x to !mselves1 & h s9ce prohibit$ ! read+ ( ,fr5* newspap]s4 ,footnote #bd3 ,x is sc>cely possible to t\* on any subject1 t w n sugge/ an allusion to "s corruption 9 gov]nm5ts4 ,! simile ( =tifications1 un=tunately involves ) x a circum/ance1 :i* is directly 9 po9t ) ! matt] above allud$ to4 ,among ! num]\s in/ances ( abuse :i* h be5 act$ or protect$ by gov]nm5ts1 anci5t or mod]n1 !re is n a great] ?an t ( qu>t]+ a man & 8 heirs ^u ! public1 to be ma9ta9$ at its exp5se4 ,humanity dictates a provision = ! poor2 b by :at "r1 moral or political1 does any gov]nm5t assume to say1 t ! p]son call$ ! ,duke ( ,ri*mond1 %all be ma9ta9$ by ! public8 ,yet1 if common report is true1 n a begg> 9 ,london c pur*ase 8 wret*$ pittance ( coal1 )\t pay+ t[>ds ! civil li/ ( ! ,duke ( ,ri*mond4 ,7 ! :ole produce ( ?is imposition b a %ill+ a ye>1 ! iniquit\s pr9ciple w\ld be /ill ! same2 b :5 x am\nts1 z x is said to d1 to no less ?an tw5ty ?\s& p\nds p] annum1 ! enormity is too s]i\s to be p]mitt$ to rema94 ,?is is "o ( ! effects ( mon>*y & ari/ocracy4 ,9 /at+ ?is case ,i am l$ by no p]sonal dislike4 ,?\gh ,i ?9k x mean 9 any man to live ^u ! public1 ! vice orig9ates 9 ! gov]nm5t2 & s g5]al is x become1 t :e!r ! p>ties are 9 ! m9i/ry or 9 ! opposition1 x makes no diff]5ce3 !y are sure ( ! gu>antee ( ea* o!r4 ,footnote #be3 ,9 ,am]ica ! increase ( comm]ce is great] 9 proportion ?an 9 ,engl&4 ,x is1 at ?is "t1 at lea/ "o half m ?an at any p]iod prior to ! revolution4 ,! greate/ numb] ( vessels cle>$ out ( ! port ( ,philadelphia1 be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ! w>1 0 betwe5 eight & n9e hundr$4 ,9 ! ye> #aghh1 ! numb] 0 upw>ds ( twelve hundr$4 ,z ! ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania is e/imat$ at an eigh? "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 population1 ! :ole numb] ( vessels mu/ n[ be ne>ly t5 ?\s&4 ,footnote #bf3 ,:5 ,i saw ,mr4 ,pitt's mode ( e/imat+ ! balance ( trade1 9 "o ( 8 p>liam5t>y spee*es1 he appe>$ to me to "k no?+ ( ! nature & int]e/ ( comm]ce2 & no man has m wantonly tortur$ x ?an himself4 ,dur+ a p]iod ( peace x has be5 havock$ ) ! calamities ( w>4 ,?ree times has x be5 ?r[n into /agnation1 & ! vessels unmann$ by impress+1 )9 less ?an f\r ye>s ( peace4 ,footnote #bg3 ,rev4 ,william ,kn[le1 ma/] ( ! gramm> s*ool ( ,!t=d1 9 ,norfolk4 ,footnote #bh3 ,politics & self-int]e/ h be5 s uni=mly connect$ t ! _w1 f be+ s (t5 deceiv$1 has a "r to be suspici\s ( public *>act]s1 b ) reg>d to myself ,i am p]fectly easy on ?is head4 ,i did n1 at my fir/ sett+ out 9 public life1 ne>ly sev5te5 ye>s ago1 turn my ?\ghts to subjects ( gov]nm5t f motives ( int]e/1 & my conduct f t mom5t to ?is proves ! fact4 ,i saw an opportunity 9 :i* ,i ?\ght ,i c\ld d "s good1 & ,i foll[$ exactly :at my he>t dictat$4 ,i nei!r read books1 nor /udi$ o!r p's op9ion4 ,i ?\ght = myself4 ,! case 0 ?is3-- ,dur+ ! susp5sion ( ! old gov]nm5ts 9 ,am]ica1 bo? prior to & at ! break+ out ( ho/ilities1 ,i 0 /ruck ) ! ord] & decorum ) :i* ev]y?+ 0 conduct$1 & impress$ ) ! idea t a little m ?an :at society naturally p]=m$ 0 all ! gov]nm5t t 0 necess>y1 & t mon>*y & ari/ocracy 7 frauds & impositions ^u mank9d4 ,on ^! pr9ciples ,i publi%$ ! pamphlet ,common ,s5se4 ,! success x met ) 0 beyond any?+ s9ce ! inv5tion ( pr9t+4 ,i gave ! copyright to e /ate 9 ! ,union1 & ! dem& ran to n less ?an "o hundr$ ?\s& copies4 ,i cont9u$ ! subject 9 ! same mann]1 "u ! title ( ,! ,crisis1 till ! complete e/abli%m5t ( ! ,revolution4 ,aft] ! decl>ation ( indep5d5ce ,congress unanim\sly1 & unkn[n to me1 appo9t$ me ,secret>y 9 ! ,=eign ,dep>tm5t4 ,?is 0 agreeable to me1 because x gave me ! opportunity ( see+ into ! abilities ( =eign c\rts1 & _! mann] ( do+ bus9ess4 ,b a misund]/&+ aris+ betwe5 ,congress & me1 respect+ "o ( _! commission]s !n 9 ,europe1 ,mr4 ,silas ,deane1 ,i resign$ ! (fice1 & decl9$ at ! same "t ! pecuni>y (f]s made by ! ,m9i/]s ( ,france & ,spa91 ,m4 ,g]ald & ,don ,juan ,mirralles4 ,i _h by ?is "t s completely ga9$ ! e> & confid5ce ( ,am]ica1 & my own indep5d5ce 0 become s visible1 z to give me a range 9 political writ+ beyond1 p]haps1 :at any man ev] possess$ 9 any c\ntry1 &1 :at is m extraord9>y1 ,i held x undim9i%$ to ! end ( ! w>1 & enjoy x 9 ! same mann] to ! pres5t mom5t4 ,z my object 0 n myself1 ,i set out ) ! det]m9ation1 & happily ) ! disposition1 ( n be+ mov$ by praise or c5sure1 fri5d%ip or calumny1 nor ( be+ drawn f my purpose by any p]sonal alt]cation1 & ! man :o _c d ?is is n fit = a public "*4 ,:5 ! w> end$ ,i w5t f ,philadelphia to ,bord5-,t[n1 on ! ea/ bank ( ! ,delaw>e1 :]e ,i h a small place4 ,congress 0 at ?is "t at ,pr9ce-,t[n1 fifte5 miles di/ant1 & ,g5]al ,wa%+ton _h tak5 8 headqu>t]s at ,rocky ,hill1 )9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,congress1 = ! purpose ( resign+ up 8 commission 7! object = :i* he accept$ x be+ accompli%$71 & ( retir+ to private life4 ,:ile he 0 on ?is bus9ess he wrote me ! lett] :i* ,i "h subjo93 ,rocky-,hill1 ,sept4 #aj1 #aghc4 ,i h le>n$ s9ce ,i h be5 at ?is place t y are at ,bord5-,t[n4 ,:e!r = ! sake ( retirem5t or economy ,i "k n4 ,be x = ei!r1 = bo?1 or :atev] x may1 if y w come to ?is place1 & p>take ) me1 ,i %all be exce$+ly happy to see y at x4 ,y\r pres5ce may rem9d ,congress ( y\r pa/ s]vices to ?is c\ntry1 & if x is 9 my p[] to impress !m1 comm& my be/ ex]tions ) fre$om1 z !y w be r5d]$ *e]fully by "o :o ent]ta9s a lively s5se ( ! importance ( y\r works1 & :o1 ) mu* pleasure1 subscribes himself1 ,y\r s9c]e fri5d1 ,g4 ,wa%+ton4 ,dur+ ! w>1 9 ! latt] end ( ! ye> #aghj1 ,i =m$ to myself a design ( com+ ov] to ,engl&1 & communicat$ x to ,g5]al ,gre5e1 :o 0 !n 9 ,philadelphia on 8 r\te to ! s\?w>d1 ,g5]al ,wa%+ton be+ !n at too great a di/ance to communicate ) imm$iately4 ,i 0 /rongly impress$ ) ! idea t if ,i c\ld get ov] to ,engl& )\t be+ kn[n1 & only rema9 9 safety till ,i c\ld get out a publication1 t ,i c\ld op5 ! eyes ( ! c\ntry ) respect to ! madness & /upidity ( its ,gov]nm5t4 ,i saw t ! p>ties 9 ,p>liam5t _h pitt$ !mselves z f> z !y c\ld g1 & c\ld make no new impressions on ea* o!r4 ,g5]al ,gre5e ent]$ fully into my views1 b ! affair ( ,arnold & ,&re happ5+ j aft]1 he *ang$ 8 m9d1 "u /rong appreh5sions = my safety1 wrote v press+ly to me f ,annapolis1 9 ,m>yl&1 to give up ! design1 :i*1 ) "s reluctance1 ,i did4 ,soon aft] ?is ,i accompani$ ,colonel ,lawr5s1 son ( ,mr4 ,lawr5s1 :o 0 !n 9 ! ,t[]1 to ,france on bus9ess f ,congress4 ,we l&$ at ,l'ori5t1 & :ile ,i rema9$ !re1 he be+ gone =w>d1 a circum/ance occurr$ t r5ew$ my =m] design4 ,an ,engli% packet f ,falm\? to ,new ,york1 ) ! ,gov]nm5t dispat*es on bo>d1 0 br\ght into ,l'ori5t4 ,t a packet %\ld be tak5 is no extraord9>y ?+1 b t ! dispat*es %\ld be tak5 ) x w sc>cely be cr$it$1 z !y are always slung at ! cab9 w9d[ 9 a bag load$ ) cannon-ball1 & ready to be sunk at a mom5t4 ,! fact1 h[ev]1 is z ,i h /at$ x1 = ! dispat*es came into my h&s1 & ,i read !m4 ,! capture1 z ,i 0 in=m$1 succe$$ by ! foll[+ /ratagem3--,! capta9 ( ! ,madame private]1 :o spoke ,engli%1 on com+ up ) ! packet1 pass$ himself = ! capta9 ( an ,engli% frigate1 & invit$ ! capta9 ( ! packet on bo>d1 :i*1 :5 done1 he s5t "s ( 8 own h&s back1 & he secur$ ! mail4 ,b be ! circum/ance ( ! capture :at x may1 ,i speak ) c]ta9ty z to ! ,gov]nm5t dispat*es4 ,!y 7 s5t up to ,p>is to ,c\nt ,v]g5nes1 & :5 ,colonel ,lawr5s & myself return$ to ,am]ica we took ! orig9als to ,congress4 ,by ^! dispat*es ,i saw into ! /upidity ( ! ,engli% ,cab9et f> m ?an ,i o!rwise c\ld h done1 & ,i r5ew$ my =m] design4 ,b ,colonel ,lawr5s 0 s unwill+ to return alone1 m especially z1 among o!r matt]s1 we _h a *>ge ( upw>ds ( two hundr$ ?\s& p\nds /]l+ 9 money1 t ,i gave 9 to 8 wi%es1 & f9ally gave up my plan4 ,b ,i am n[ c]ta9 t if ,i c\ld h execut$ x t x w\ld n h be5 altoge!r unsuccessful4 ,footnote #bi3 ,x is difficult to acc\nt = ! orig9 ( *>t] & corporation t[ns1 unless we suppose !m to h aris5 out (1 or be5 connect$ )1 "s species ( g>rison s]vice4 ,! times 9 :i* !y began ju/ify ?is idea4 ,! g5]ality ( ^? t[ns h be5 g>risons1 & ! corporations 7 *>g$ ) ! c>e ( ! gates ( ! t[ns1 :5 no milit>y g>rison 0 pres5t4 ,_! refus+ or grant+ admission to /rang]s1 :i* has produc$ ! cu/om ( giv+1 sell+1 & buy+ fre$om1 has m ( ! nature ( g>rison au?ority ?an civil gov]nm5t4 ,soldi]s are free ( all corporations ?r\gh\t ! nation1 by ! same propriety t e soldi] is free ( e g>rison1 & no o!r p]sons are4 ,he c foll[ any employm5t1 ) ! p]mission ( 8 (fic]s1 9 any corporation t[ns ?r\gh\t ! nation4 ,footnote #cj3 ,see ,sir ,john ,s9clair's ,hi/ory ( ! ,rev5ue4 ,! l&-tax 9 #afdf 0 ,l#b1dgc1dii4 ,footnote #ca3 ,sev]al ( ! c\rt newspap]s h ( late made frequ5t m5tion ( ,wat ,tyl]4 ,t 8 memory %\ld be traduc$ by c\rt sycophants & an ^? :o live on ! spoil ( a public is n to be wond]$ at4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 ! means ( *eck+ ! rage & inju/ice ( taxation 9 8 "t1 & ! nation ow$ mu* to 8 val\r4 ,! hi/ory is concisely ?is3--,9 ! "t ( ,ri*>d ,ii4 a poll tax 0 levi$ ( "o %ill+ p] head ^u e p]son 9 ! nation ( :atev] e/ate or condition1 on poor z well z ri*1 above ! age ( fifte5 ye>s4 ,if any fav\r 0 %[n 9 ! law x 0 to ! ri* r ?an to ! poor1 z no p]son c\ld be *>g$ m ?an tw5ty %ill+s = himself1 family & s]vants1 ?\gh ev] s num]\s2 :ile all o!r families1 "u ! numb] ( tw5ty 7 *>g$ p] head4 ,poll taxes _h always be5 odi\s1 b ?is be+ also oppressive & unju/1 x excit$ z x naturally mu/1 univ]sal dete/ation among ! poor & middle classes4 ,! p]son kn[n by ! "n ( ,wat ,tyl]1 ^: prop] "n 0 ,walt]1 & a til] by trade1 liv$ at ,dept=d4 ,! ga!r] ( ! poll tax1 on com+ to 8 h\se1 dem&$ tax = "o ( 8 daught]s1 :om ,tyl] decl>$ 0 "u ! age ( fifte54 ,! tax-ga!r] insi/$ on satisfy+ himself1 & began an indec5t exam9ation ( ! girl1 :i*1 enrag+ ! fa!r1 he /ruck him ) a hamm] t br\ght him to ! gr\nd1 & 0 ! cause ( 8 dea?4 ,?is circum/ance s]v$ to br+ ! discont5t to an issue4 ,! inhabitants ( ! neighb\rhood esp\s$ ! cause ( ,tyl]1 :o 9 a few days 0 jo9$1 accord+ to "s hi/ories1 by upw>ds ( fifty ?\s& m51 & *os5 _! *ief4 ,) ?is =ce he m>*$ to ,london1 to dem& an abolition ( ! tax & a r$ress ( o!r grievances4 ,! ,c\rt1 f9d+ itself 9 a =lorn condition1 &1 unable to make resi/ance1 agre$1 ) ,ri*>d at its head1 to hold a conf]5ce ) ,tyl] 9 ,smi?field1 mak+ _m fair pr(essions1 c\rti]-l1 ( its dispositions to r$ress ! oppressions4 ,:ile ,ri*>d & ,tyl] 7 9 conv]sation on ^! matt]s1 ea* be+ on horseback1 ,walwor?1 !n ,mayor ( ,london1 & "o ( ! creatures ( ! ,c\rt1 wat*$ an opportunity1 & l a c[>dly assass91 /abb$ ,tyl] ) a dagg]1 & two or ?ree o!rs fall+ ^u him1 he 0 in/antly sacrific$4 ,tyl] appe>s to h be5 an intrepid dis9t]e/$ man ) respect to himself4 ,all 8 proposals made to ,ri*>d 7 on a m j & public gr\nd ?an ^? :i* _h be5 made to ,john by ! ,b>ons1 & not)/&+ ! sycophancy ( hi/orians & m5 l ,mr4 ,burke1 :o seek to gloss ov] a base action ( ! ,c\rt by traduc+ ,tyl]1 8 fame w outlive _! falsehood4 ,if ! ,b>ons m]it$ a monum5t to be erect$ at ,runnym$e1 ,tyl] m]it$ "o 9 ,smi?field4 ,footnote #cb3 ,i happ5$ to be 9 ,engl& at ! celebration ( ! c5t5>y ( ! ,revolution ( #afhh4 ,! *>act]s ( ,william & ,m>y h always appe>$ to be dete/able2 ! "o seek+ to de/roy 8 uncle1 & ! o!r h] fa!r1 to get possession ( p[] !mselves2 yet1 z ! nation 0 dispos$ to ?9k some?+ ( t ev5t1 ,i felt hurt at see+ x ascribe ! :ole reputation ( x to a man :o _h und]tak5 x z a job & :o1 besides :at he o!rwise got1 *>g$ six hundr$ ?\s& p\nds = ! exp5se ( ! fleet t br\ght him f ,holl&4 ,george ! ,fir/ act$ ! same close-fi/$ "p z ,william _h done1 & b\ght ! ,du*y ( ,brem5 ) ! money he got f ,engl&1 two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& p\nds ov] & above 8 pay z k+1 & hav+ ?us pur*as$ x at ! exp5se ( ,engl&1 add$ x to 8 ,hanov]ian dom9ions = 8 own private pr(it4 ,9 fact1 e nation t does n gov]n itself is gov]n$ z a job4 ,engl& has be5 ! prey ( jobs ev] s9ce ! ,revolution4 ,footnote #cc3 ,*>les1 l 8 pr$ecessors & successors1 f9d+ t w> 0 ! h>ve/ ( gov]nm5ts1 engag$ 9 a w> ) ! ,dut*1 ! exp5se ( :i* increas$ ! annual exp5diture to ,l#a1hjj1jjj z /at$ "u ! date ( #afff2 b ! peace e/abli%m5t 0 b ,l#a1bjj1jjj4 ,footnote #cd3 ,poor-rates began ab\t ! "t ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 :5 ! taxes began to increase1 & !y h increas$ z ! taxes increas$ ev] s9ce4 ,footnote #ce3 ,reckon+ ! taxes by families1 five to a family1 ea* family pays on an av]age ,l#ab #gs4 #f;d4 p] annum4 ,to ?is sum are to be add$ ! poor-rates4 ,?\gh all pay taxes 9 ! articles !y consume1 all d n pay poor-rates4 ,ab\t two millions are exempt$3 "s z n be+ h\se-keep]s1 o!rs z n be+ able1 & ! poor !mselves :o receive ! relief4 ,! av]age1 !re=e1 ( poor-rates on ! rema9+ numb]1 is =ty %ill+s = e family ( five p]sons1 :i* make ! :ole av]age am\nt ( taxes & rates ,l#ad #ags4 #f;d4 ,= six p]sons ,l#ag #ags4 ,= sev5 p]sons ,l#b,o #afs4 #f;d4 ,! av]age ( taxes 9 ,am]ica1 "u ! new or repres5tative sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 includ+ ! int]e/ ( ! debt contract$ 9 ! w>1 & tak+ ! population at f\r millions ( s\ls1 :i* x n[ am\nts to1 & x is daily increas+1 is five %ill+s p] head1 m51 wom51 & *ildr54 ,! diff]5ce1 !re=e1 betwe5 ! two gov]nm5ts is z "u3 ,engl& ,am]ica ,l s4 d4 ,l s4 d4 ,= a family ( five p]sons #ad #ag #f #a #e #j ,= a family ( six p]sons #ag #ag #j #a #aj #j ,= a family ( sev5 p]sons #bj #af #f #a #ae #j ,footnote #cf3 ,public s*ools d n answ] ! g5]al purpose ( ! poor4 ,!y are *iefly 9 corporation t[ns f :i* ! c\ntry t[ns & villages are exclud$1 or1 if admitt$1 ! di/ance occasions a great loss ( "t4 ,education1 to be useful to ! poor1 %\ld be on ! spot1 & ! be/ me?od1 ,i believe1 to accompli% ?is is to enable ! p>5ts to pay ! exp5ses !mselves4 ,!re are always p]sons ( bo? sexes to be f\nd 9 e village1 especially :5 gr[+ into ye>s1 capable ( su* an und]tak+4 ,tw5ty *ildr5 at t5 %ill+s ea* 7& t n m ?an six mon?s ea* ye>7 w\ld be z mu* z "s liv+s am\nt to 9 ! remote/ p>ts ( ,engl&1 & !re are (t5 di/ress$ cl]gym5's wid[s to :om su* an income w\ld be acceptable4 ,:atev] is giv5 on ?is acc\nt to *ildr5 answ]s two purposes4 ,to !m x is education--to ^? :o educate !m x is a livelihood4 ,footnote #cg3 ,! tax on be] brew$ = sale1 f :i* ! ari/ocracy are exempt1 is almo/ "o million m ?an ! pres5t commutation tax1 be+ by ! returns ( #aghh1 ,l#a1fff1aeb--;&1 consequ5tly1 !y ought to take on !mselves ! am\nt ( ! commutation tax1 z !y are already exempt$ f "o :i* is almo/ a million great]4 ,footnote #ch3 ,see ! ,reports on ! ,corn ,trade4 ,footnote #ci3 ,:5 enquiries are made into ! condition ( ! poor1 v>i\s degrees ( di/ress w mo/ probably be f\nd1 to r5d] a diff]5t arrangem5t pref]able to t :i* is already propos$4 ,wid[s ) families w be 9 great] want ?an :]e !re are husb&s liv+4 ,!re is also a diff]5ce 9 ! exp5se ( liv+ 9 diff]5t c\nties3 & m s 9 fuel4 ,suppose !n fifty ?\s& extraord9>y cases1 at ! rate ( t5 p\nds p] family p] annum ,l#ejj1jjj #ajj1jjj families1 at ,l#h p] family p] annum #hjj1jjj #ajj1jjj families1 at ,l#g p] family p] annum #gjj1jjj #ajd1jjj families1 at ,l#e p] family p] annum #ebj1jjj ,& in/ead ( t5 %ill+s p] head = ! education ( o!r *ildr51 to all[ fifty %ill+s p] family = t purpose to fifty ?\s& families #bej1jjj ---------- ,l#b1ggj1jjj #adj1jjj ag$ p]sons z be=e #a1abj1jjj ---------- ,l#c1hij1jjj ,?is arrangem5t am\nts to ! same sum z /at$ 9 ?is "w1 ,"p ,,ii1 l9e numb] #ajfh1 includ+ ! ,l#bej1jjj = education2 b x provides 7includ+ ! ag$ p7 = f\r hundr$ & f\r ?\s& families1 :i* is almo/ "o ?ird ( an ! families 9 ,engl&4 ,footnote #dj3 ,i "k x is ! op9ion ( _m ( ! mo/ enlight5$ *>act]s 9 ,france 7!re always w be ^? :o see fur!r into ev5ts ?an o!rs71 n only among ! g5]al mass ( citiz5s1 b ( _m ( ! pr9cipal memb]s ( ! =m] ,national ,assembly1 t ! mon>*ical plan w n cont9ue _m ye>s 9 t c\ntry4 ,!y h f\nd out1 t z wisdom _c be made h]$it>y1 p[] ought n2 & t1 = a man to m]it a million /]l+ a ye> f a nation1 he ought to h a m9d capable ( compreh5d+ f an atom to a univ]se1 :i*1 if he _h1 he w\ld be above receiv+ ! pay4 ,b !y wi%$ n to appe> to lead ! nation fa/] ?an its own reason & int]e/ dictat$4 ,9 all ! conv]sations :]e ,i h be5 pres5t ^u ?is subject1 ! idea always 01 t :5 su* a "t1 f ! g5]al op9ion ( ! nation1 %all arrive1 t ! hon\rable & lib]al me?od w\ld be1 to make a h&some pres5t 9 fee simple to ! p]son1 :oev] he may be1 t %all !n be 9 ! mon>*ical (fice1 & = him to retire to ! enjoym5t ( private life1 possess+ 8 %>e ( g5]al rights & privileges1 & to be no m acc\ntable to ! public = 8 "t & 8 conduct ?an any o!r citiz54 ,footnote #da3 ,! g5tleman :o sign$ ! address & decl>ation z *airman ( ! meet+1 ,mr4 ,horne ,tooke1 be+ g5]ally suppos$ to be ! p]son :o drew x up1 & hav+ spok5 mu* 9 comm5dation ( x1 has be5 jocul>ly accus$ ( prais+ 8 own "w4 ,to free him f ?is emb>rassm5t1 & to save him ! repeat$ tr\ble ( m5tion+ ! au?or1 z he has n fail$ to d1 ,i make no hesitation 9 say+1 t z ! opportunity ( b5efit+ by ! ,fr5* ,revolution easily occurr$ to me1 ,i drew up ! publication 9 "q1 & %[$ x to him & "s o!r g5tlem51 :o1 fully approv+ x1 held a meet+ = ! purpose ( mak+ x public1 & subscrib$ to ! am\nt ( fifty gu9eas to defray ! exp5se ( adv]tis+4 ,i believe !re are at ?is "t1 9 ,engl&1 a great] numb] ( m5 act+ on dis9t]e/$ pr9ciples1 & det]m9$ to look into ! nature & practices ( gov]nm5t !mselves1 & n bl9dly tru/1 z has hi!rto be5 ! case1 ei!r to gov]nm5t g5]ally1 or to p>liam5ts1 or to p>liam5t>y opposition1 ?an at any =m] p]iod4 ,_h ?is be5 done a c5tury ago1 corruption & taxation _h n arriv$ to ! height !y are n[ at4 -,,end ,,( ,,"p ,,ii4-