,,tobacco ,,leaves ,illu/ration3 ,,plant ,,( ,,k5tucky ,,tobacco ,f a ,sket* by ,w4 ,a4 ,br5nan ,,tobacco ,,leaves ,,be+ ,a ,,book ,,( ,,facts ,,= ,,smok]s ,,by ,w4 ,a4 ,,br5nan ,dep>tm5t ( ,m$ical ,sci5ces ,! ,john ,cr]> ,libr>y ,,publi%$ ,,= ,index ,(fice1 ,inc4 ,,by ,! ,collegiate ,press ,,george ,,banta ,,publi%+ ,,company ,,m5a%a1 ,,wiscons9 #aiae ,fir/ issue ,decemb]1 #aiae ,copyright #aiae by ,w4 ,a4 ,,br5nan ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction #g ,,*apt] ,i #aa ,hi/orical1 ,botanical4 ,,*apt] ,,ii #ai ,! ,cultivation ( ! ,tobacco ,plant4 ,climatic & soil conditions--,treatm5t ( ! gr[+ plant--,%ade gr[n tobacco--,h>ve/+4 ,,*apt] ,,iii #bi ,production ( ,tobacco4 ,c\ntries :i* produce tobacco & am\nt--,production 9 ! ,new ,_w o!r ?an 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates--,v>ieties4 ,,*apt] ,,iv #ci ,production ( ,tobacco 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,total production--,am\nt produc$ by ! diff]5t ,/ates-- ,v>ieties rais$--,description ( ! diff]5t v>ieties4 ,,*apt] ,v #ec ,! ,*emical ,composition ( ! ,tobacco ,plant4 ,organic & inorganic matt]s conta9$ 9 tobacco & ! "p !y play--,analysis ( v>i\s tobaccos--,nicot9e4 ,,*apt] ,,vi #fa ,! ,cur+ ( ,tobacco ,leaf4 ,objects ( cur+--,me?ods4 ,,*apt] ,,vii #fg ,! ,m>ket+ & ,sale ( ,tobacco ,leaf4 ,me?ods ( disposal by ! gr[]--,! w>eh\se sy/em-- ,direct pur*ase--,pr9cipal m>kets 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates-- ,prices4 ,,*apt] ,,viii #ge ,reh&l+ & ,f]m5tation ( ,tobacco ,leaf ,prior to ,manufacture4 ,selection ( leaf--,treatm5t & bl5d+--,objects & me?ods ( manufactur]s f]m5tation--,action ( microbes4 ,,*apt] ,,ix #hh ,manufactur$ ,products ( ,tobacco 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,/ati/ics ( production & consumption--,am\nt ( capital inve/$--,numb] ( plants1 etc4 ,,*apt] ,x #ic ,cig>s3 ,hi/orical & ,g5]al ,facts4 ,hi/ory--,/ati/ical in=mation reg>d+ ! cig> bus9ess 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,*apt] ,,xi #ii ,cig>s & ,_! ,qualities4 ,qualities ( cig>s & cig> leaf--,import$ cig>s--,havanas-- ,dome/ic cig>s4 ,,*apt] ,,xii #aaa ,cig> ,mak+4 ,h&-made cig>s--,ma*9e-made cig>s--,classification ( cig>s--,t]ms us$ 9 ! cig> trade4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii #aba ,pipe ,smok+ & ,*ew+ ,tobacco4 ,qualities requir$--,description ( k9ds--,p]ique tobacco-- ,/ati/ics4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv #aca ,cig>ettes4 ,/ati/ics--,k9ds & :]e made--,import$ cig>ettes-- ,dome/ic cig>ettes--,cig>ette pap]s4 ,,*apt] ,,xv #adc ,snuff4 ,h[ made--,qualities--,description ( k9ds4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi #adi ,tobacco ,smok+ ,pipes4 ,hi/ory--,h[ made & mat]ials us$ 9 mak+--,me]s*aum-- ,bri> root--,amb]--,special k9ds ( pipes--,c>e ( pipes4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii #aga ,effects ( ,tobacco ,smok+ on ! ,human ,sy/em4 ,physical & o!r effects--,op9ions ( m$ical m5 quot$ & discuss$4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii #aie ,! ,b5eficial ,effects ( ,tobacco4 ,its dis9fect+ action--,a protection aga9/ infecti\s disease--,psy*ological effects ( smok+4 ,,*apt] ,,xix #bjg ,miscellane\s4 ,rev5ue1 taxation1 etc41 9 connection ) tobacco--,free imports--,! insect pe/s :i* attack tobacco--,tobacco flavor+ fluids1 etc4--,=mulae4 ,,introduction ,?is little book is int5d$ = ! man :o uses tobacco4 ,:ile !re is a v ext5sive lit]ature conc]n+ tobacco1 yet x is surpris+ h[ few books !re are writt5 expressly = ! smok]4 ,mu* has be5 writt5 conc]n+ culture1 production & manufacture2 ! hi/orical & anecdotal aspects h be5 cat]$ =2 pamphlets & books abus+ & d5\nc+ ! use ( tobacco are pl5tiful2 b ! smok] w f9d x difficult to get a book j giv+ him ! facts conc]n+ tobacco & smok+1 :i* he ought to "k1 & omitt+ matt]s1 :i*1 al?\gh int]e/+1 are n necess>y4 ,?is little book is an attempt to fulfil t purpose2 & x is felt t no apology is ne$$ = its appe>ance4 ,if ! av]age us] ( tobacco is que/ion$ conc]n+ ! matt]s treat$ 9 ! foll[+ pages1 he w be f\nd ignorant ( !m4 ,?is ought n be s4 ,! cu/om ( tobacco smok+ is s g5]al & s intimate a "p ( ! daily life ( ! great majority ( m51 t a bett] acqua9tance ) ! plant1 its qualities1 uses & effects1 %\ld be cultivat$ & welcom$4 ,no claim is made = orig9ality4 ,! facts "h /at$ h be5 ga!r$ f v>i\s s\rces & ! only cr$it claim$ is = putt+ !m toge!r 9 a concise & consecutive =m4 ,! object aim$ at is to give in=mation4 ,:e!r ! cu/om ( tobacco smok+ is desirable1 :e!r 9 any individual case x w\ld be b5eficial or o!rwise to smoke--^! & simil> que/ions are left to ! read]'s own judgm5t f ! facts & op9ions pres5t$1 z well z f 8 own obs]vations4 ,! man :o uses tobacco daily %\ld "k :at he is do+4 ,if /atem5ts are made ei!r v]bally or 9 pr9t conc]n+ ! cu/om he %\ld be able to v]ify !m or %[ t !y are incorrect4 ,x is tru/$ t ! in=mation giv5 9 ^! pages w enable him to =m a cle> judgm5t :atev] ! judgm5t may be4 ,x may be felt t _m aspects ( ! use ( tobacco & matt]s connect$ ) x h ei!r n be5 t\*$ on1 or only ref]r$ to v briefly4 ,! read] :o may desire fur!r in=mation w f9d x 9 ! bibliographical ref]5ces giv5 ?r\gh\t ! book4 ,^! ref]5ces h g5]ally be5 consult$ by ! au?or & 8 indebt$ness is ackn[l$g$ "h4 ,,to ,,my ,,wife ,,*apt] ,i ,,hi/orical--,,botanical ,,hi/orical ,! hi/ory ( tobacco comm5ces ) ! discov]y ( ! ,new ,_w by ,columbus4 ,! ,*9ese claim t x 0 kn[n & us$ by !m mu* e>li]1 b !re appe>s to be no evid5ce to support ?is claim4 ,columbus f\nd ! natives ( ,cuba smok+ ! dri$ leaves1 & 8 foll[]s are said to h br\ght ! plant to ,spa9 ab\t #aeab4 ,ovi$o publi%$ a book entitl$ ,la ,hi/oria g5]al de las ,indias 9 ,seville 9 #aebf1 9 :i* he m5tions pipe smok+4 ,x may be inf]r$ t ?is cu/om 0 well e/abli%$ 9 ,spa9 !n4 ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh is usually cr$it$ ) hav+ br\ght tobacco to ,engl& = ! fir/ "t f ,virg9ia 9 #aehf2 & ! ,virg9ian ,coloni/s are kn[n to h cultivat$ ! plant at t "t2 b !re is evid5ce en\gh to %[ t ,sir ,francis ,drake 0 ! fir/ to introduce ! plant into ,engl&4 ,drake's voyages 7 made betwe5 #aegj & #aehj & he br\ght ! plant ) him 9 "o ( ^!4 ,"s give ! date ( introduction by ,drake z #aefj4 ,raleigh 01 h[ev]1 probably ! fir/ ,engli% di/+ui%$ smok]1 & he cultivat$ ! plant on 8 e/ate at ,y\ghal1 ,irel&4 ,!re is no d\bt ab\t ! culture ( tobacco by ! e>ly ,engli% ,coloni/s 9 ! ,u4 ,s41 b x is d\btful :e!r ! plant 0 introduc$ by !m f ,engl& or :e!r !y cont9u$ a culture le>n$ f ! ,natives4 ,f ,virg9ia x spread to ! o!r colonies4 ,9 ,p]u & o!r p>ts ( ,s\? ,am]ica ! gr[+ ( tobacco 0 well e/abli%$ at ! "t ( ! ,spani% ,conque/4 ,9 #aefj ,jean ,nicot1 ! ,fr5* ,ambassador at ,lisbon1 s5t "s tobacco to ,ca!r9e de ,m$ici z a cure = heada*e4 ,ca!r9e 0 pleas$ ) x & is said to h become q addict$ to its use4 ,tobacco 0 designat$ ! ,que5's h]b & ! ,sov]eign h]b f ?is circum/ance & ,nicot himself is p]petuat$ 9 ! ^w ,nicot9e & its d]ivatives4 ,_m p]sons errone\sly give cr$it to ,nicot = ! introduction ( tobacco into ,europe4 ,x is q cle>1 h[ev]1 f ,ovi$o's book1 quot$ above1 t ! plant 0 kn[n 9 ,spa9 v mu* e>li]2 & x is mo/ probable t ! imm$iate foll[]s ( ,columbus br\ght samples ( ! leaves & pipes back to ,spa9 ) !m4 ,moreov]1 9 #aeeh1 ,phillip ,,ii ( ,spa9 s5t ,francisco ,h]n&ez1 a physician1 to inve/igate ! res\rces1 etc41 ( ,mexico1 & on 8 return he br\ght back tobacco z "o ( ! products1 & grew x z a drug4 ,f ,spa9 & ,engl&1 ! use ( tobacco spread by degrees all ov] ! kn[n _w4 ,,ref]5ces ,,p5n1 ,w4 ,a4 ,! ,sov]ane ,h]be2 a hi/ory ( ,tobacco4 ,*apt]s ,i1 ,,ii4 ,london & ,new ,york1 #aija4 ,,b\ant1 ,e4 ,le ,tabac2 culture et indu/rie4 ,p>is1 #aija4 ,,%ew1 ,,joel4 ,tobacco2 its hi/ory1 nature & effects on ! body & m9d4 ,wortley1 #ahgf4 ,,bill+s1 ,e4 ,r4 ,tobacco2 its hi/ory1 v>ieties1 culture1 etc4 ,*apt]s ,,ii1 ,,iv4 ,h>t=d1 ,conn41 #ahie4 ,,comes1 ,o4 ,hi/oire1 geographie1 /ati/ique du ,tabac4 ,son introduction et son expansion dans t\s les pays depuis son orig9e jusqu' a la f9 du ,,xix siecle4 ,naples1 #aijj4 ,,fairholt1 ,f4 ,w4 ,tobacco2 its hi/ory & associations4 ,london1 #ahgf4 ,,wolf1 ,,jakob4 ,d] ,tabak und die ,tabakfabrikate4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,leipzig1 #aiab4 ,,botanical ,tobacco belongs to ! family ( plants kn[n 9 botany "u ! "n ( ,solanaceae4 ,o!r well-kn[n memb]s ( ?is family are ! ,iri% potato1 ! r$ pepp]1 ! tomato1 ! egg-plant1 etc4 ,am]ican tobacco belongs almo/ exclusively to t gr\p ( ?is family :i* comprise ! g5us ,nicotiana4 ,( ?is g5us !re are ab\t #ej sep>ate species1 "o ( :i*1 ,nicotiana ,tabacum1 supplies almo/ all ! tobacco ( comm]ce4 ,plants ( ?is species gr[ f #b feet to #i feet 9 height2 !y h num]\s wide-spread+ leaves sometimes z mu* z #c feet 9 l5g?2 ^! leaves may be oval1 oblong1 po9t$1 or lanceolate 9 %ape1 & are g5]ally ( a pale gre5 color :5 "y2 !y are arrang$ alt]nately 9 a spiral on ! /em2 ! root is l>ge & fibr\s2 ! /em is erect1 r\nd & viscid1 bran*+ ne> ! top4 ,! alt]nate arrangem5t ( ! leaves on ! /alk1 succe$+ ea* o!r spirally1 s t ! #i? ov]hangs ! #a/1 ! #aj? ! #bnd1 & s on1 is v *>act]i/ic4 ,! di/ance on ! /alk betwe5 ! leaves is ab\t #b in*es4 ,fl[]s are 9 l>ge clu/]s1 ) corollas ( rose color1 or :ite t+$ ) p9k4 ,! leaves & /alks are cov]$ ) s(t d[ny hair4 ,! plant is p]5nial b crops are usually rais$ f se$4 ,( ?is species 7,n4 ,tabacum7 !re are probably m ?an #ajj v>ieties gr[n 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 alone4 ,"s ( ! be/ kn[n w be describ$ lat]4 ,to ?is same species 7,n4 ,tabacum7 ,havana1 ,ea/ ,indian & ,european tobaccos pr9cipally belong4 ,! o!r important species are3 ,nicotiana ,p]sica4 ,gr[n 9 ,p]sia4 ,?is has a :ite fl[] & ! leaves almo/ enwrap ! /em4 ,x is us$ almo/ exclusively z a pipe-smok+ tobacco4 ,"s claim t ?is is only a v>iant ( ,n4 ,tabacum4 ,nicotiana ,rep&a4 ,?is is a species ( ,cuban tobacco entirely diff]5t f t gr[n 9 ! ,havana di/rict4 ,x is also call$ ,y>a4 ,nicotiana ,ru/ica4 ,a k9d ( wild gr[+ tobacco pr9cipally cultivat$ 9 ,mexico1 & :i* is claim$ z ! p>5t ( "s ( ! ,turki%1 ,syrian & ,latakia tobaccos al?\gh _m au?orities claim t ^! tobaccos belong to ! species ,n4 ,tabacum4 ,! ,european tobacco is h>di] ?an ! ,am]ican p>5t plant4 ,! leaves are small]4 ,n4 ,ru/ica4 ,also includes common ,hung>ian & ,turki% tobaccos4 ,!re are l>ge & small leav$ v>ieties4 ,n4 ,crispa4 ,gr[n 9 ,syria & l>gely 9 ,c5tral ,asia4 ,us$ z a cig>ette tobacco 9 ! ,ori5t4 ,x has be5 /at$ above t !re are _m v>ieties ( ,n4 ,tabacum 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,( ^! ! mo/ important are kn[n to botani/s by ! names1 ,nicotiana ,tabacum ,macrophylla & ,nicotiana ,tabacum ,angu/ifolia4 ,m>yl& tobacco belongs to ! ,macrophylla v>iety & !re are _m o!r types diff]+ f ea* o!r accord+ to %ape ( ! leaf1 size ( ! /alk1 etc4 ,virg9ian tobacco is ( ! ,angu/ifolia v>iety1 & ( ?is also !re are _m diff]5t types4 ,mo/ ,european & o!r gr[n tobaccos h be5 rais$ f orig9al plants ( ! ,m>yl& & ,virg9ian v>ieties4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t !re is no ess5tial diff]5ce 9 cig>1 pipe smok+ or cig>ette tobaccos4 ,! diff]5ces are physical only4 ,all k9ds may be obta9$ f ! same species or ev5 ! same v>iety ( ! species by suitable culture & cross+4 ,,ref]5ces ,,ana/asia1 ,g4 ,e4 ,le v>ieta della ,nicotiana ,tabacum4 ,scafati1 #aijf4 ,,comes1 ,o4 ,delle razze dei tabac*i4 ,naples1 #aije4 ,,killebrew1 ,j4 ,b4 & ,,myrick ,h4 ,tobacco leaf2 its culture & cure1 m>ket+ & manufacture4 ,"p ,i4 ,new ,york1 #ahig4 ,,lock1 ,c4 ,g4 ,w4 ,tobacco gr[+1 cur+1 & manufactur+4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,london & ,new ,york1 #ahhf4 ,,wolf1 ,j4 ,d] ,tabac4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,leipzig1 #aiab4 ,,bill+s1 ,e4 ,r4 ,tobacco2 its hi/ory1 v>ieties1 etc4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,h>t=d1 ,conn41 #ahge4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,cultivation ,,( ,,! ,,tobacco ,,plant ,,climatic ,,& ,,soil ,,conditions4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,! ,,gr[+ ,,plant4 ,,%ade ,,gr[n ,,tobacco4 ,,h>ve/+4 ,,! ,,cultivation ,,( ,,! ,,tobacco ,,plant ,a few g5]al facts conc]n+ ! culture ( ! tobacco plant & its treatm5t until x rea*es ! h&s ( ! manufactur]s w be ( int]e/ = ! smok]4 ,! g5]al pr9ciples und]ly+ ! culture ( tobacco are ! same :e!r x is int5d$ = ! cig>1 pipe smok+ or cig>ette trade2 b ! treatm5t ( ! leaf aft] x is h>ve/$ diff]s consid]ably4 ,tobacco is a p]5nial plant4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 usually rais$ ea* ye> f se$4 ,! se$l+s are usually ready = plant+ t[>ds ! end ( ,may & are g5]ally plant$ betwe5 ! la/ week 9 ,may & ! middle ( ,june4 ,! successful rais+ ( tobacco dep5ds on f\r pr9cipal factors3 7#a7 ! climate1 7#b7 ! nature ( ! soil1 7#c7 ! se$1 & 7#d7 on ! me?od ( culture4 ,! climate mu/ be su* z to favor rapid gr[? & !re=e mu/ furni% suffici5t heat & moi/ure dur+ ! "t ! plant is gr[+4 ,! f95ess ( ! texture & ! ela/icity ( ! leaf dep5d on ! climate4 ,on ! soil ! plant dep5ds = its food1 & = ! absorption ( ^? *emical con/itu5ts on :i* dep5d ! burn+ qualities1 ! /r5g? & ! color4 ,! physical qualities ( ! plant1 /ructure & =m1 ?ickness ( ve9s1 size1 %ape & di/ribution ( leaves1 are d]iv$ f ! se$4 ,f9ally1 on ! me?od ( cultivation 7includ+ ! cur+ process7 dep5ds 9 "p ! f9al color1 flavor & aroma2 ! type & trade value2 t is to say1 on successful culture & h>ve/+ & treatm5t at ! "r "t & 9 ! be/ way1 mu/ dep5d ! gr[]'s hopes ( ! f9al value ( 8 crop4 ,! quantity ( nicot9e1 ess5tial oils1 etc41 on :i* flavor & /r5g? dep5d1 is regulat$ to ! greate/ ext5t by ! "t ( cutt+4 ,! nature ( ! soil is a v important matt] 9 ! culture ( tobacco1 = ! color ( ! cur$ tobacco leaf dep5ds almo/ entirely on ! soil4 ,! light color$ leaf is gr[n on light color$ soil & ! d>k] leaf is gr[n on heavy1 d>k soil4 ,! be/ type ( soil = ! rais+ ( tobacco int5d$ = ! cig> trade is a w>m1 deep1 s&y loam :i* re/s on p]meable well-dra9$ subsoil4 ,! v light color$ yell[ tobacco _c be rais$ except on light color$1 por\s soils2 & s susceptible is ?is matt] ( ! color+ ( ! leaf t x has be5 not$ t ! d>k5+ ( ! soil by a lib]al all[ance ( /able manure w1 on a v light color$ soil1 *ange ! color ( ! tobacco leaf f a bright yell[ to a mahogany %ade4 ,v light s&y soils or v light loams ) clayey subsoils are usually *os5 = ^! light yell[ tobaccos4 ,al?\gh by processes subsequ5t to gr[? x is possible to d>k5 ! color ( tobacco leaf1 !re is no kn[n process t w make a d>k leaf light 9 color4 ,moreov]1 ! soil mu/ be v f]tile & ri* 9 ! special sub/ances ne$$ by ! gr[+ plant4 ,?is is all ! m necess>y because tobacco is a rapidly gr[+ plant1 & rea*es its maturity )9 a few mon?s aft] its plant+4 ,! rapidity ( gr[? !re=e dem&s a ri* f]tile soil well /or$ ) plant food4 ,good manur+1 or lib]al treatm5t ) f]tiliz]s1 is ess5tial = keep+ su* soils 9 prime condition1 because ! p]iod ( gr[+ mu/ n be ext5d$4 ,tobacco is usually plant$ 9 r[s1 ! r[s be+ f ?ree to f\r feet ap>t1 ! usual arrangem5t be+ t ! plants are g5]ally ab\t #ab or #ah in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,"s plant]s1 h[ev]1 give ! plants m room = _m reasons1 v>y+ ! di/ance betwe5 ! plants ev5 z mu* z #cj in*es4 ,cig> leaf tobacco plants are usually plac$ ab\t #ad in*es ap>t4 ,!re are v>i\s op]ations necess>y dur+ ! gr[? ( ! plant4 ,! mo/ important ( ^! = our purpose are ^? kn[n z prim+ or ?9n+ out & cutt+4 ,prim+ is usually done :5 ! plant is well advanc$ 9 gr[?1 b ! "t v>ies ) diff]5t gr[]s & accord+ to ! species4 ,x consi/s 9 remov+ ! l[] or imp]fect leaves f ! plant1 or ^! :i* h 9 any way become injur$ f insect or o!r h>mful ag5cies4 ,z a g5]al rule ! l>g] ! numb] ( leaves !re is on a plant ! l[] is ! quality ( ! subsequ5tly cur$ leaf4 ,an av]age ( ab\t #aj leaves to ea* plant is :at is favor$ by mo/ gr[]s1 & ! plants are usually ?9n$ to ?is ext5t4 ,se$ buds are remov$ also at ! same "t & = ! same reason4 ,if ! plants are ?9n$ late & :5 !y are approa*+ full gr[? ! leaves remov$ are n de/roy$1 b are cur$ sep>ately & sold z inf]ior quality & are usually call$ prim+s or plant]s lugs4 ,9 ! ,s\!rn ,am]ican ,/ates ! "t all[$ = ! gr[? & matur+ ( ! plant is some:at long] ?an 9 ! ea/]n & m nor!rly /ates :]e ! soil1 ow+ to ri*] f]tilization1 favors ! rapid gr[?4 ,moreov]1 a /rong] quality ( tobacco is want$ & ! extra "t all[s ! plant to effect a great] elaboration 9 its cells ( ! oils & gums1 etc41 :i* contribute p>ticul>ly to /r5g? & flavor4 ,,%ade ,,gr[n ,,tobacco ,! matt] ( rapid gr[? has1 h[ev]1 its limitations4 ,too mu* sunlight is consid]$ a disadvantage4 ,"u su* p[]ful action1 nutrition is drawn quickly f ! soil & ! plants rip5 too quickly4 ,"u su* circum/ances ! leaves t5d to become heavy bodi$ & n v l>ge 9 size4 ,to defeat ?is t5d5cy & produce l>ge1 ?9 silky leaves = ! cig> trade1 ! gr[] sometimes cov]s 8 field ) a t5t ( *eese-clo? or simil> protection f ! gl>e ( ! sun4 ,! rip5+ process is !reby sl[$ & ! leaves are ?9n]1 l>g] & light] 9 %ade4 ,?is me?od is employ$ pr9cipally 9 ,cuba1 ,florida & ,connecticut :]e cig> wrapp] leaves are produc$1 & su* tobacco is kn[n z %ade-gr[n4 ,tobacco :i* has be5 plant$ out at ! end ( ,may or e>ly 9 ,june is usually ready = h>ve/+ at ! end ( ,augu/ or beg9n+ to middle ( ,septemb]4 ,! actual "t ( h>ve/+ v>ies a good deal accord+ to ! v>iety gr[n & ! physical condition conc]n$ 9 ! gr[+ ( ! plant4 ,! heavi] tobaccos :i* are int5d$ = ! export trade are usually h>ve/$ late4 ,! mo/ important op]ations connect$ ) ! culture ( ! tobacco leaf are ! yell[+ & cur+ processes1 &1 z ^! comm5ce ) ! cutt+ ( ! plant1 ?is latt] mu/ be done "u /rictly favorable conditions 9 ord] to insure prop] results4 ,! cutt+ mu/ n be done :ile ! sun is v hot1 or :ile !re is ra91 or be=e ! plant is fully matur$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 aft] ! plant has rea*$ its maturity1 x mu/ n be all[$ to cont9ue its gr[?1 :i* along ) o!r ?+s w\ld be likely to increase its nicot9e cont5t :i* is n desirable4 ,! exp]i5c$ tobacco gr[] kn[s well f ! appe>ance ( ! plant :5 x is be/ fitt$ = cutt+4 ,! leaves become ?ick & heavy & assume a droop+ appe>ance4 ,!y become crisp ) a t5d5cy to break easily1 & a mottl$1 spotty look is noticeable on !m4 ,! surface becomes gummy & oily2 ! oily sub/ances increases & exudates z ! days pass4 ,:5 ^! signs appe> ! tobacco is cut on ! fir/ day :5 ! wea!r favors4 ,x is usual 9 mo/ cases to split ! /alks d[n ! middle & all[ ! leaves to wilt1 be=e ! /alk is entirely cut ?r\gh4 ,aft] suffici5t wilt+ ! leaves are ga!r$ 9 piles & expos$ to ! action ( ! sunlight2 or !y are /uck by ! /alks on poles or framework & s expos$ t ! sun & air h free access to all p>ts4 ,?is is ! be/ & mo/ approv$ practice4 ,yell[+ ( ! leaf is v rapid aft] ! plant is cut2 x is ! natural effect due to cutt+ (f ! food supply ( ! leaf & ! consequ5t sl[ dea? ( ! vitality ( ! cells4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! leaves are l>ge1 v>y+ 9 size 7accord+ to species7 f #ab in*es to ov] #b feet 9 l5g?4 ,su* a leaf ne$s a l>ge quantity ( food & ! sudd5 cutt+ (f ( ! supply effects a rapid *ange 9 appe>ance4 ,! leaves are all[$ to hang on ! scaffolds #c to #e days until !y are fully yell[$4 ,!y are !n ready = ! process ( cur+1 :i* is ! mo/ important op]ation connect$ ) cultivation4 ,! cur+ & f]m5tation :i* ! leaf und]goes are *emical actions & _! success dep5ds on ! prop] me?od ( yell[+4 ,! leaves mu/ n be expos$ to ! sun too long1 because ! cells w\ld lose _! vitality too rapidly & be unfitt$ = ! new "p !y h to play 9 ! cur+ process4 ,! *emical *anges w be expla9$ 9 subsequ5t *apt]s4 ,x is desir$ t ! read] %\ld und]/& t to ensure a successful f9al issue ! plant] has ne$ to wat* cont9u\sly & to "k all ! conditions4 ,if ! leaf does n yell[ prop]ly no am\nt ( aft] c>e 9 cur+ w make up = ?is defici5cy4 ,9 tobacco gr[+ z 9 ev]y?+ else1 to ensure f9al high quality ea* /ep 9 ! process mu/ be execut$ ) skill1 c>e1 & judgm5t4 ,! yield ( tobacco p] acre v>ies f ab\t #cjj lbs4 ( leaf 9 ! s\!rn /ates to #a1jjj lbs4 or m 9 ! ea/]n4 #gjj to #hjj lbs4 p] acre is consid]$ a good av]age crop4 ,,ref]5ces ,,killebrew ,,& ,,myrick4 ,tobacco leaf2 its culture & cure1 m>ket+ & manufactur+4 ,"p ,i4 ,new ,york1 #ahig4 ,,bill+s1 ,e4 ,r4 ,tobacco2 its hi/ory1 v>ieties1 culture1 etc4 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,h>t=d1 ,conn41 #ahge4 ,,laur5t1 ,l4 ,le tabac2 sa culture et sa prep>ation production et consummation dans les div]s pays4 ,p>is1 #aijj4 ,u4 ,s4 ,,dept4 ,,( ,,agriculture4 ,f>m]s' ,bullet9s ,nos4 #f & #fj4 ,tobacco4 ,u4 ,s4 ,,dept4 ,,( ,,agriculture4 ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry4 ,bullet9 #if4 ,tobacco bre$+4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,_w',s ,,production ,,( ,,tobacco ,,total ,,production4 ,,c\ntries ,,:i* ,,cultivate ,,tobacco4 ,,production ,,9 ,,! ,,new ,,_w ,,o!r ,,?an ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,,! ,,_w',s ,,production ,,( ,,tobacco ,! _w's record$ annual crop ( tobacco leaf is ov] "o million tons4 ,! late/ gov]nm5t figures available are ^? = #aiab & #aiac1 & %[ #b1fif1dja1cgi & #b1gbb1aij1jcj lbs4 respectively4 ,( ?is am\nt ,asia & ,am]ica produce ea* ab\t #cej1jjj tons1 ,europe ab\t #bej1jjj tons & ! re/ ( ! _w ! balance4 ,! details ( ! production 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 w be giv5 9 ! next *apt]4 ,! pr9cipal ,asiatic c\ntries :i* produce tobacco are ,*9a1 ,japan1 ,afghani/an1 ,india1 ,p]sia & ,asia ,m9or4 ,*9a has an imm5se production & consumption ( tobacco1 a l>ge portion ( :i* f9ds its way into we/]n m>kets = ! cig> & cig>ette trade & is sold z ,turki% tobacco4 ,no figures z to production are available4 ,briti% ,india & ,afghani/an produce good tobacco1 a lot ( :i* is us$ 9 ,h9du/an & o!r ,ea/]n c\ntries4 ,! ,p]sian crop is kn[n to be l>ge1 b !re are no available records ( x4 ,9 ,p]sia mo/ ( ! tobacco rais$ is ( ! species kn[n z ,nicotiana ,p]sica4 ,?is is g5]ally kn[n "u its trade "n ( ,tumba* or ,tumbeki 7or m correctly ,teymbeki74 ,?is is ! common ,ea/]n "n = tobacco4 ,x is consid]ably export$ to ! c\ntries 9 ! neighborhood ( ,p]sia & is smok$ 9 ! pipe kn[n z ! ,n>ghilli4 ,9 ?is pipe ! teymbeki burns 9 contact ) a piece ( inc&esc5t *>coal4 ,! smok] draws ! vapor ?r\gh a flexible tube :i* passes to ! bottom ( a wat] *amb] & passes above x1 :5ce x is inhal$4 ,! n>ghili is te*nically a wat] pipe4 ,! teymbeki is v /rong 9 nicot9e1 conta9+ up to #e or #f p] c5t4 ,japan produces l>ge & m$ium size leaf ( good color b poor 9 quality4 ,x is g5]ally us$ = pipe & cig>ette trade4 ,! /ati/ics ( production = ,asia are extremely unreliable4 ,:5 we consid] ! teem+ populations ( ,*9a1 ,india & o!r ,ea/]n c\ntries & ! preval5ce ( ! smok+ habit1 x is v probable t ! figure ( production 7#cej1jjj tons annually7 is mu* "u ! m>k4 ,!re is v little export ( tobacco f ! ,unit$ ,/ates or ,europe to ! ,ea/4 ,:atev] tobacco is consum$ !re is mo/ly ( its own production4 ,,european ,,production ,,( ,,tobacco ,9 ,europe ! pr9cipal tobacco produc+ c\ntries are ,g]many1 ,france1 ,au/ria1 ,russia1 ,italy & ,turkey4 ,g]many has ne>ly #dj1jjj acres "u tobacco cultivation 9 ,rh5i% ,bav>ia1 ,bad51 ,hesse1 & ,alsace-,lorra9e4 ,! annual production is ab\t #ej to #gj million lbs42 & 9 addition ne>ly #c times t mu* is import$4 ,g]man home gr[n leaf is m$ium to l>ge 9 size1 ( fair body1 heavy & ) co>se ve9s4 ,x is us$ = cig> fill] & pipe1 b is n suit$ = cig> wrapp]s4 7,see ! *apt] on cig>s47 ,fr5* tobacco is rais$ f ,virg9ia se$4 ,x is d>k1 co>se & heavy & is suitable = plug & snuff mak+ only4 ,russia is ! l>ge/ ,european produc]4 ,russian tobacco leaf is v l>ge 9 size & l ! ,fr5* is co>se1 d>k & heavy & is only fit = plug & snuff mak+4 ,!re is a light] k9d gr[n f ,turki% se$ 9 ,s\? ,russia :i* is fit = cig>ettes4 ,italy has made sev]al attempts to cultivate good tobacco1 & sev]al diff]5t types are produc$4 ,a d>k heavy leaf is gr[n f ,virg9ia se$1 & a type f ,k5tucky se$ is also produc$4 ,^! types are suitable to ! d>k1 heavy f]tile soils ( ,middle & ,nor? ,italy4 ,9 ! light] s&y soil ( ! s\?1 ! v>ieties gr[n are rais$ f ,turki% se$ & are simil> 9 appe>ance & quality to ! g5u9e ,turki% tobacco4 ,hung>y is a heavy gr[] ( tobacco & produces "s ( ! be/ 9 ,europe4 ,!re is a heavy d>k type1 ( a ri* br[n color1 m$ium siz$ leaf ) small & ?9 ve9s1 :i* is us$ 9 cig> manufacture4 ,a small bright yell[ leaf is also gr[n1 poor 9 quality & aroma1 :i* is us$ = pipe smok+ & cig>ettes4 ,! mo/ important =eign tobacco z reg>ds ,u4 ,s4 consum]s is t kn[n z ,turki%4 ,! leaves ( ! ,turki% tobacco are small 7ab\t #h long71 cle> yell[ 9 color1 & h a special aroma1 :i* r5d]s !m peculi>ly suitable = ! manufactur+ ( cig>ettes4 ,! pr9cipal produc+ c5t]s are ,mac$onia1 ,albania1 ,syria1 ,pale/9e & ,trebizond1 t rais$ 9 ,mac$onia be+ p]-haps ! mo/ celebrat$4 ,j l ! ,cuban leaf1 ! v be/ grades ( ,turki% tobacco are n export$1 b are kept = dome/ic consumption4 ,latakia tobacco is produc$ 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,syria4 ,?is tobacco has a v small nicot9e cont5t4 ,x is produc$ by a special fabrication & is 9 v great dem& z an +r$i5t ( pipe smok+ mixtures4 ,! ,di/rict ( ,cavalla 9 ! ,prov9ce ( ,r\melia1 is "o ( ! mo/ important tobacco c5t]s 9 ! ,turki% ,empire4 ,!re are ab\t #ge1jjj acres "u tobacco cultivation & ! annual production is ab\t #aj1jjj1jjj lbs4 ,! ,am]ican ,tobacco ,co4 has a l>ge e/abli%m5t "h ?r\gh :i* x pur*ases its ,turki% leaf1 am\nt+ to ov] #f million lbs4 ye>ly1 = ! manufacture ( ,turki% cig>ettes1 etc4 ,! total importation ( ,turki% leaf into ! ,unit$ ,/ates dur+ #aiac 03 ,f ,turkey 9 ,europe #aj1haf1jdh lbs4 ,f ,turkey 9 ,asia #ah1iee1bie lbs4 ,greece & ! ,balkan ,/ates produce tobacco :i* p>takes ( ! qualities ( ,hung>ian & ,turki%1 ! ,grecian leaf be+ us$ a good deal z a sub/itute = g5u9e ,turki% tobacco4 ,,tobacco ,,produc$ ,,9 ,,! ,,new ,,_w ,,o!r ,,?an ,,9 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,! gov]nm5t ( ,canada has giv5 a lot ( att5tion to exp]im5ts 9 connection ) ! gr[? ( tobacco 9 ! ,dom9ion1 b only ) indiff]5t success4 ,! leaf is rais$ pr9cipally f ,virg9ian se$1 b is l>ge & co>se & is only fit = inf]ior plug & snuff mak+4 ,cuban ,tobacco4 ,! tobacco rais$ 9 ! ,isl& ( ,cuba is ! mo/ celebrat$ 9 ! _w = cig> mak+4 ,! leaf is ( a ri*1 br[n color2 n>r[ & small 9 size1 v>y+ f #h to #ah in*es 9 l5g?4 ,its ri*ness ( flavor & ! peculi> aroma are its *ief *>act]i/ics4 ,cuba produces annually ab\t #cjj1jjj to #ejj1jjj bales ( tobacco v>y+ 9 weight f #hj to #aej lbs4 p] bale1 ne>ly "o-half ( :i* is export$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates alone4 ,! importation ( ,cuban leaf into ! ,unit$ ,/ates ov] a s]ies ( ye>s is %[n bel[3 ,cuban leaf imports into ! ,u4 ,s4 7lbs47 #ahee-ahfj #g1jad1dhe #ahga-ahge #h1ihe1dfe ,av]age #ahhf-ahij #ae1ecb1jge ,ye>ly #ahif-aijj #aj1haa1agc ,imports4 #aija-aije #bd1jdh1hcg ,ye> #aiad #bf1fag1ede ,! value 9 #aijj 0 #h1dgh1bea ,! value 9 #aije 0 #ac1cdh1jjj ,! ,prov9ce ( ,p9> del ,rio produces ab\t #gj p] c5t ( ! entire ,cuban crop4 ,9 ?is is ! ,di/rict ( ,vuelto ,abajo :i* is celebrat$ ! _w ov] = ! v f9e/ cig> tobacco4 ,! ,di/rict ( ,habana or ,havana produces ab\t #ac p] c5t & ,santa ,cl>a ab\t #ac p] c5t4 ,! ,cubans !mselves favor ! d>k ,maduro fully rip5$ leaves4 ,at pres5t a good deal ( ,cuban cig> leaf is gr[n "u %ade ) ! result t al?\gh :5 fully mature !y are light 9 color1 !y are ri* 9 flavor4 ,! value ( ! cig> leaf import$ by ! ,u4 ,s4 f ,cuba av]ages at pres5t ab\t #ad or #ae million doll>s annually4 ,porto ,rican leaf possesses _m ( ! qualities ( good ,havana leaf1 & l ! latt] is us$ 9 cig> manufacture4 ,! annual production is ab\t #abj1jjj bales4 ,! ,u4 ,s4 imports f #d to #e million lbs4 annually4 ,fur!r p>ticul>s reg>d+ ,cuban & ,porto ,rican leaf w be giv5 9 ! *apt]s conc]n+ cig>s4 ,mexico produces a tobacco1 l>ge z to leaf1 d>k 9 color1 ) heavy body & co>se ve9s4 ,! tobacco is v /rong 9 flavor4 ,! be/ grades approa* ! ,cuban tobacco 9 quality & are import$ & us$ z sub/itutes = x4 ,! ,u4 ,s4 importation is small4 ,! annual production is ab\t #cd million lbs4 ,! be/ quality is produc$ 9 ! neighborhood ( ,v]a ,cruz1 & only a small portion is export$1 pr9cipally to ,cuba4 ,brazilian tobacco leaf is br[n 9 color1 m$ium 9 size1 & m$ium 9 body4 ,x possesses fair qualities z a cig> tobacco1 = :i* purpose x is g5]ally us$ 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 :i* is its pr9cipal m>ket4 ,,ea/ ,,indian ,,& ,,philipp9e ,,tobacco ,! ,dut* ,ea/ ,indies 7,sumatra & ! adjac5t isl&s7 produce ye>ly ab\t #ahj million lbs4 ( tobacco1 all ( :i* is us$ 9 ! cig> bus9ess4 ,( ?is ! ,unit$ ,/ates takes ab\t f #cj1jjj to #dj1jjj bales ( ,sumatran leaf1 ab\t #e-a_/b million lbs4 ,ab\t #b lbs4 ( ?is leaf wraps #a1jjj cig>s4 ,! ,philipp9e ,isl&s produce f #ej to #ajj million lbs41 ( tobacco annually4 ,! crop = #aiac 0 #aja1edd1gcf lbs4 ,! imports into ! ,unit$ ,/ates are pr9cipally z manufactur$ cig>s by special arrangem5ts :i* w be ref]r$ to lat] on 9 ! *apt] on cig>s4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,production ,,( ,,tobacco ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,total ,,production4 ,,am\nt ,,produc$ ,,by ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,/ates4 ,,v>ieties ,,rais$4 ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,v>ieties4 ,,production ,,( ,,tobacco ,,leaf ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,! am\nt ( tobacco leaf rais$ annually 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates v>ies f #gjj million lbs4 to #a1jjj million lbs4 ,?us1 accord+ to ! ,gov]nm5t ,/ati/ical ,reports1 ! production 9 #aiji 0 #a1jee1gfd1hjf lbs41 be+ an unusually high figure4 ,! production 9 #aiac 0 #iec1gcd1jjj lbs4 & 9 #aiad1 #a1jcd1fgi1jjj lbs4 ,! av]age crop may be tak5 z ab\t #hjj million lbs41 ab\t half ( :i* is export$ z leaf1 & ! o!r half manufactur$ 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 into cig>s1 smok+ & *ew+ tobaccos1 etc41 & consum$ 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,to produce ?is imm5se crop ov] "o million acres ( ri*1 f]tile l& is "u culture1 ! actual gov]nm5t figures = #aiac be+ #a1baf1jjj acres1 & = #aiad1 #a1bbd1jjj1 & ! value ( ! raw crop is f #hj to #ajj million doll>s1 :i* works out to an av]age value ( f #aj to #ab c5ts p] lb4 ,! co/ ( produc+ ! be/ grades ( cig> leaf 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates is f #h to #aj c5ts p] lb42 9 ,wiscons9 f #e to #aj c5ts4 ,! price paid to ! gr[]s is f #e to #ae c5ts1 except = ! highe/ grades 7cig> wrapp] leaf7 = :i* special prices1 up to #dj or #ej c5ts1 may be paid4 ,smok+ & *ew+ leaf ( av]age grade fet*es f #f to #g c5ts p] lb4 ,f ^! figures x w be se5 t ! agricultural indu/ry ( tobacco gr[+ is a mo/ important "o1 & x is con/antly increas+ bo? 9 ! quantity produc$ & 9 value4 ,ab\t #de ( ! /ates 9 ! ,union are engag$ 9 tobacco culture1 ! pr9cipal /ates & ! quantities produc$ be+ z foll[s 7= #aiad73 ,k5tucky #cfd million lbs4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a #agb ,virg9ia #aad ,t5nessee #fc ,ohio #gh ,wiscons9 #ed ,p5nsylvania #dh ,connecticut #ce ,s\? ,c>ol9a #cf ,m>yl& #ag ,indiana #ab ,massa*usetts #aa ,o!r /ates #cj ---- ,total #ajcd ,virg9ia 01 until rec5tly1 ! premi] tobacco /ate4 ,tobacco 0 fir/ rais$ 9 ,virg9ia ab\t #afai :5 ! quantity produc$ 0 ab\t #bj1jjj lbs4 ,by #agec ! records %[ t ov] #ej million lbs4 7 rais$ annually1 all ( :i* 0 export$4 ,at ?is "t & until ab\t ! p]iod ( ! ,civil ,w>1 ,europe 0 dep5dant m ?an n[ on ,am]ica = h] tobacco supply1 z at pres5t a consid]able "p ( h] ne$s is suppli$ by h] own production4 ,tobacco 0 n gr[n 9 ,k5tucky till ab\t #aghe & a little lat] 9 ,t5nessee & ,ohio4 ,! cig> leaf indu/ry ( ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates did n come into activity till ab\t #ahcj4 ,cig> leaf 0 rais$ 9 ,florida ab\t ! same "t b 0 discont9u$ & 0 n resum$ till fifty ye>s lat]4 ,virg9ia1 ,m>yl& & ,t5nessee h %[n a decl9+ annual production s9ce ! ,civil ,w>4 ,?us ,virg9ia 9 #ahfj produc$ ne>ly #cj p] c5t ( ! total ,u4 ,s4 crop1 :]eas at pres5t x produces ab\t #ab p] c5t only4 ,! causes :i* h contribut$ to ! decl9e 9 tobacco culture 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates are ! loss ( slave labor z well z ! loss ( capital dur+ ! w>2 m p>ticul>ly x is due to ! impov]i%+ ( ! soil )\t adequate f]tilization4 ,?us ) sup]ior f]tilization & int5sive me?ods1 ,massa*usetts & ,connecticut give #a1gej lbs4 to ! acre1 z aga9/ #hgj & #ehj lbs4 = ,k5tucky & ,t5nessee4 ,9 ,massa*usetts & ,connecticut ! co/ = f]tiliz] p] f>m is #bbg z aga9/ #ag & #d respectively 9 ,t5nessee & ,k5tucky4 ,moreov]1 ! ,nor!rn f>ms are small] ?an ! ,s\!rn4 ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,tobacco ,,rais$ ,! v>ieties ( tobacco rais$ are ma9ly ( ! native ,am]ican species2 b 9 "s /ates 79 ,florida p>ticul>ly7 plants are rais$ f import$ ,cuban & ,sumatran se$1 9 an endeavor to produce cig> leaf equal 9 quality to ! leaf n[ import$ f ^! places :i* comm&s a high price 9 ! trade4 ,! rais+ ( cig> leaf tobacco f =eign se$ began 9 ,florida ab\t #aijb2 &1 al?\gh on ! :ole1 ! cultivation has be5 v successful1 yet x _c be said t ! hop$ = results h be5 fully realiz$4 ,x 0 claim$ = ! ,florida gr[n ,sumatran leaf t 9 _m ways x surpass$ ! native ,sumatran leaf4 ,c]ta9ly ! exp]im5tal samples ( ?is ,florida leaf exhibit$ by ! ,u4 ,s4 at ! ,p>is ,exposition ( #aijj 7 judg$ to be sup]ior bo? 9 appe>ance & /yle & o!r matt]s4 ,h[ev]1 ?is sup]iority does n appe> to h be5 upheld1 = 9 ! trade ! native gr[n ,sumatran leaf /ill holds its rank4 ,simil>ly 9 ! case ( ,florida gr[n ,cuban leaf :i* at ! same ,exposition 0 vot$ z equal to ! native4 ,! native leaf1 h[ev]1 :e!r due to ! soil or n1 has a f9] flavor & aroma1 & ! be/ grades ( native gr[n ,cuban tobacco /ill hold ! palm z ! premi] cig> tobacco ( ! _w4 ,! leaf rais$ 9 ,connecticut1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,ohio1 ,wiscons91 ,florida1 ,massa*usetts1 & ,new ,york ,/ate1 is g5]ally us$ = ! cig> trade 7see ! *apt]s on cig>s74 ,ohio & ,florida 7,cuban se$7 leaf mo/ly us$ z cig> fill]s2 ,connecticut & ,florida 7,sumatran se$71 ,p5nsylvania & ,new ,york leaf mo/ly z wrapp] leaf1 ! inf]ior leaves be+ us$ z fill]s4 ,wiscons9 leaf is us$ pr9cipally z cig> b9d] leaf4 ,! total am\nt ( cig> tobacco rais$ is r\ghly ab\t "o-fif? ( ! entire tobacco crop4 ,! s\!rn /ates produce ! bulk ( ! export d>k1 heavy leaf4 ,we/ ,k5tucky & ,t5nessee p>ticul>ly1 z well z ,virg9ia1 ! ,c>ol9as & ,m>yl&1 export consid]able quantities4 ,?is tobacco is fire-cur$4 ,= ! dome/ic trade1 h[ev]1 7pipe-smok+1 *ew+ & cig>ettes7 ! tobacco gr[n 9 ^! /ates is flue-cur$1 ! pr9cipal product be+ ( a bright yell[ color1 *>act]i/ic ( ?is region4 ,?is yell[ tobacco belt ext5ds f ! coa/ across to ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,m\nta9s1 ?r\gh ,t5nessee & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\!rn ,virg9ia1 ,s\!rn ,ohio1 a few p>ts ( ,k5tucky1 "s ( ,ea/]n ,miss\ri & ,arkansas4 ,! be/ soils are ^? :i* are ( a light s&y or s&y clay nature & !y ne$ n be deep or ri*4 ,9 ?is region ! v f9e/ pipe-smok+ tobaccos are rais$4 ,:il/ ! ,u4 ,s4 has n be5 able to produce a cig> wrapp] tobacco equal 9 quality to ! ,cuban or ,sumatran1 9 pipe-smok+ & cig>ette tobaccos %e /&s )\t a rival4 ,!re are ab\t #ajj diff]5t v>ieties ( tobacco gr[n 9 ! ,u4 ,s41 _m ( ^! be+ approximately ! same & are synonym\s4 ,subv>ieties are easily obta9$ by cross+4 ,cross-f]tilization easily takes place :]e diff]5t /ra9s are produc$ 9 ! same locality4 ,on ?is acc\nt :5 x is desir$ to keep a v>iety pure1 c>e mu/ be ex]t$ to see t se$ is collect$ f pure /ra9s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ease ( produc+ new v>ieties gives opportunity to ! v>i\s ,/ate ,agricultural ,exp]im5tal ,/ations to try out new /ra9s = desirable qualities4 ,! enum]ation ( ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! v>i\s v>ieties w\ld be tiresome = ! read]1 yet x w be well = ! us] ( tobacco to "k "s ( ^! v>ieties1 _! *>act]i/ics & o!r p>ticul>s conc]n+ !m4 ,^! are giv5 "h3 ,,lead+ ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,am]ican ,,tobaccos ,,burley4 ,! v>iety kn[n z ,:ite ,burley has a long broad leaf1 :iti% 9 appe>ance :5 gr[+4 ,! po9ts ( ! leaf hang d[n t[>ds ! gr\nd :5 gr[+1 (t5 ev5 t\*+ ! gr\nd4 ,! leaf is ?9 9 texture1 has a mild flavor1 l[ nicot9e cont5t & good absorb+ qualities4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ popul> tobaccos 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 & is us$ = pipe-smok+ & *ew+ tobaccos & cig>ettes4 ,x cures to a bright yell[ br[n color4 ,!re is a v>iety kn[n z ,r$ ,burley :i* has a ?9 leaf n>r[+ f c5t] to top4 ,! leaves are ( a *>act]i/ic c9namon color & are m ela/ic ?an ^? ( ,:ite ,burley4 ,burley tobacco is rais$ pr9cipally 9 ,ohio1 ,k5tucky1 ,virg9ia1 ,m>yl&1 ,miss\ri & ,indiana4 ,,connecticut ,,se$leaf4 ,l>ge1 /rong leaves1 ?9 & ela/ic1 silky 9 texture1 small fib]s1 sweeti% ta/e & light 9 color4 ,us$ 9 ! cig> trade z fill]s & wrapp]s & gr[n 9 ,new ,engl&1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,ohio1 & to a small] ext5t 9 ,wiscons91 ,m9nesota1 ,indiana1 ,ill9ois & ,florida4 ,,connecticut ,,broadleaf4 ,a modification ( ! above1 ! leaves be+ broad] 9 proportion to _! l5g?4 ,!y are up to #ce in*es long & #bb in*es wide4 ,l>gely us$ 9 ! cig> trade z fill] & wrapp]s4 ,bo? ! ,connecticut ,se$leaf & ,broadleaf are sup]ior to ! import$ ,sumatran leaf 9 flavor & aroma1 b are inf]ior 9 ela/icity & cov]+ qualities4 ,gr[n pr9cipally 9 ,connecticut & ,new ,york ,/ates4 ,,or9oco4 ,!re are #c v>ieties ( ?is "n3 7#a7 ,%ort ,or9oco4 ,broad leaf1 upright gr[? & op5 habit1 light color$1 mu* ruffl$4 ,gr[n 9 ,virg9ia & ,miss\ri4 7#b7 ,big ,or9oco4 ,%ort1 broad leaf4 ,gr[n 9 ,virg9ia1 ,miss\ri1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,t5nessee & ,we/ ,virg9ia4 7#c7 ,yell[ ,or9oco4 ,long1 n>r[1 tap]+ leaf ) f9e texture4 ,! sweete/ v>iety gr[n4 ,gr[n 9 ,virg9ia1 ,m>yl&1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,t5nessee1 ,we/ ,virg9ia & ,miss\ri4 ,or9oco tobacco leaf is us$ l>gely = plug & smok+ tobaccos & = ! export trade4 ,,virg9ian4 ,sun & air-cur$ tobacco4 ,leaf is m$ium 9 size4 ,v bright br[n color4 ,is ri* 9 gums & oils :i* makes x sweet & fragrant & gives x a pleasant ta/e4 ,h5ce x is a favorite *ew+ tobacco4 ,,pryor4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties "u ?is "n3 7#a7 ,m$ley or ,:ite ,pryor has a v broad leaf ) silky texture & t\gh fib]4 7#b7 ,blue ,pryor4 ,l>ge1 long f9e leaf & good color4 7#c7 ,silky ,pryor4 ,a long %>p-po9t$ leaf2 gr[s ?9 on ! /alk2 v t\gh & pliant4 7#d7 ,yell[ ,pryor4 ,heavy1 wide leaf1 f9e bright color1 t\gh & weighs well4 ,pryor is us$ pr9cipally = ! export trade & to "s ext5t also 9 ! home trade bo? = cig> & plug & smok+ tobaccos4 ,x is gr[n g5]ally ?r\gh\t ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,k5tucky1 ,t5nessee1 ,miss\ri & ,indiana1 ! ,:ite v>iety be+ ext5sively gr[n 9 ,virg9ia4 ,,little ,,dut*4 ,a v favorite pipe-smok+ tobacco4 ,x has a small nicot9e cont5t 7less ?an #a74 ,! leaf is small2 n>r[1 ?ick & %ort2 d>k br[n 9 color1 glossy surface & sweet 9 ta/e4 ,x is gr[n ext5sively 9 ! ,miami ,valley ( ,ohio4 ,,sumatra ,,se$4 ,gr[n pr9cipally 9 ,florida f import$ ,sumatran se$4 ,! leaf is light 9 weight & color1 n long comp>$ ) o!r se$leaf v>ieties4 ,v n>r[ & ) f9e ribs4 ,us$ 9 cig> trade & gr[n ext5sively also 9 ! ,new ,engl& /ates4 ,,cuban ,,se$4 ,?is has ! usual qualities ( ,cuban tobacco b ) inf]ior fragrance & aroma to ! native gr[n4 ,pr9cipally rais$ 9 ,p5nsylvania1 ,new ,york1 ,wiscons91 ,connecticut & ,florida = ! cig> trade4 ,,p]ique4 ,a special v>iety ( tobacco gr[n only 9 a small area ( ,l\isiana4 ,! leaf is m$ium 9 size1 has a f9e fib] ) small /ems4 ,t\gh1 gummy & glossy4 ,x is gr[n 9 a deep1 ri* soil & gr[s v rapidly4 ,its special *>act]i/ics are acquir$ 9 ! cur+1 :i* is a special process peculi> to itself1 & :i* w be describ$ 9 ! *apt] on ,manufactur$ ,tobaccos4 ,,ref]5ces ,ye>books ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 #aiad & previ\s4 ,,hoagl&1 ,i4 ,g4 ,! ,tobacco ,indu/ry4 ,9 ,qu>t]ly ( ! ,national ,fire ,protection ,association4 #aijg4 ,vol4 ,i1 ,nos4 #b & #d4 ,,jacob/e91 ,m4 ,! ,tobacco ,indu/ry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,new ,york1 #aijg4 ,,bill+s1 ,e4 ,r4 ,tobacco2 its hi/ory1 v>ieties1 culture1 manufacture & comm]ce4 ,h>t=d ,conn41 #ahge4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,*emical ,,composition ,,( ,,! ,,tobacco ,,plant ,,organic ,,& ,,inorganic ,,matt]s ,,conta9$ ,,9 ,,tobacco ,,& ,,! ,,p>ts ,,!y ,,play4 ,,analysis ,,( ,,v>i\s ,,tobaccos4 ,,nicot9e4 ,,! ,,*emical ,,composition ,,( ,,! ,,tobacco ,,plant ,! tobacco plant :5 subject$ to *emical analysis is f\nd to conta9 all or mo/ ( ! foll[+ sub/ances3 ,m9]al ,bases4 ,pota%1 ,lime1 ,magnesia1 ,oxides ( ,iron & ,manganese1 ,ammonia1 ,silica4 ,m9]al ,acids4 ,nitric1 ,hydro*loric1 ,sulphuric & ,phosphoric4 ,organic ,base4 ,nicot9e4 ,organic ,acids4 ,malic1 ,citric1 ,acetic1 ,oxalic1 ,pectic & ,ulmic4 ,o!r ,organic ,sub/ances4 ,nicotian91 ,gre5 & ,yell[ ,res91 ,wax & ,fat1 ,nitrog5\s ,sub/ances & ,cellulose4 ,! sub/ances :i* diff]5tiate tobacco f o!r plants & =m its *ief *>act]i/ics are ,nicotian91 ,nicot9e & ,malic ,acid4 ,! p]c5tage 9 :i* ! important sub/ances exi/ 9 tobacco is giv5 bel[3 ,nicot9e ,f #a to #i ,malic & ,citric ,acids ,f #aj to #ad ,oxalic ,acid ,f #a to #b ,res9s1 ,oils & ,fats ,f #d to #f ,pectic ,acid ,ab\t #e ,cellulose ,f #g to #h ,album5oids ,ab\t #be ,a% ,f #ab to #cj ,:5 tobacco is burn$1 *emical *anges occur2 ! organic & o!r comp\nds are decompos$4 ,! volatile matt]s pass (f 9 ! smoke if ! combu/ion is complete1 & ! m9]al a% rema9s4 ,9 ord9>y pipe or o!r tobacco smok+1 h[ev]1 ! combu/ion is n complete & _m decomposition products rema9 ) ! m9]al a%4 ,9 tobacco smoke ! foll[+ c usually be f\nd3 ,furfurol1 ,m>% ,gas1 ,hydrog5 ,sulphide1 ,hydrog5 ,cyanide1 ,organic ,acids1 ,ph5ols1 ,empyreumatic ,oils1 ,pyrid9e1 ,picol9e ,s]ies & possibly "s ,nicot9e4 ,! a% left aft] complete combu/ion is important1 z mu* ( ! smok+ qualities ( ! tobacco dep5ds on its con/itu5ts4 ,an av]age sample gives ! foll[+ analysis 79 #ajj p>ts73 ,,av]age ,,m9]al ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,tobacco ,,a% ,pota% ,ab\t #bg ,soda ,ab\t #c ,lime ,ab\t #dj ,magnesia ,ab\t #i ,sodium ,*loride ,ab\t #i ,sulphuric ,acid ,ab\t #c ,silica ,ab\t #e ,lime ,phosphate ,ab\t #d ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,sub/ances ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,tobacco ,nicot9e ,( all ! sub/ances f\nd 9 tobacco1 nicot9e is ! mo/ important4 ,nicot9e 9 ! pure /ate is a colorless liquid hav+ a specific gravity ( #a4jbg4 ,x is an organic base hav+ ! *emical =mula ,c#aj;,h#ad,n#b4 ,x is extremely acid & burn+ to ! ta/e1 & is a virul5t poison4 ,x easily volatilizes2 is inflammable1 & is soluble 9 wat]1 alcohol1 e!r & "s fix$ oils4 ,nicot9e has ! *>act]i/ic peculi> odor ( tobacco4 ,! am\nt ( nicot9e 9 tobacco is said to dep5d on ! nature ( ! soil 9 :i* x is gr[n2 ri*1 heavy soils & /rong nitrog5\s manur+ favor ! production ( a l>ge nicot9e cont5t2 & light1 s&y soils ! opposite4 ,moreov] ! nicot9e cont5t dep5ds on ! age & developm5t ( ! plant4 ,an inve/igation by ,*u>d & ,mellet %[$ nicot9e cont5ts ( leaves3 ,9 "y plants #g weeks old conta9$ 4#jcbd ,9 plants #aj weeks old conta9$ 4#jddg ,9 plants #ac weeks old conta9$ 4#dihi ,9 plants #ai weeks old conta9$ 4#ibjb ,! long] ! plant is p]mitt$ to gr[ ! l>g] w be its nicot9e cont5t4 ,s*loess+ has made a simil> inve/igation & f\nd t 9 ! same plant ! nicot9e cont5t v>ies f #j4gi :5 "y to #d4cb :5 fully matur$4 ,mo/ nicot9e is f\nd 9 ! ribs & ve9s4 ,h4 ,b4 ,cox 7,am]ican ,druggi/ ,v4 #bd1 #ahid1 p4 #ie7 inve/igat$ ! nicot9e cont5ts ( v>i\s manufactur$ tobaccos4 ,^! 7 n propriet>y tobaccos b samples obta9$ f diff]5t s\rces at r&om4 ,8 results are giv5 "h3 ,,nicot9e ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,diff]5t ,,tobaccos ,nicot9e ,syrian ,tobacco leaf 7a7 4#fab ,am]ican ,*ew+ ,leaf 4#ice ,syrian ,tobacco ,leaf 7b7 #a4jic ,*9ese ,tobacco ,leaf #a4ijb ,turki% ,co>se ,cut #b4ejj ,gold5 ,virg9ia 7:ole /rips7 #b4eja ,gold ,flake ,virg9ia #b4eja ,navy ,cut 7light7 #b4ecj ,light ,k5tuckian #b4gcc ,navy ,cut 7d>k7 #c4fd ,be/ ,bird's ,eye #c4ica ,cut ,cav5di% 7a7 #d4bab ,be/ ,%ag 7a7 #d4ijg ,cut ,cav&i% 7b7 #d4igj ,be/ ,%ag 7b7 #e4jj ,alg]ian ,tobacco 7a7 #h4hac ,fr5* ,gr[n ,tobacco #h4gaa ,alg]ian ,tobacco 7b7 #h4ij ,! av]age ( a numb] ( samples ( ,syrian tobacco %[$ #a to #b nicot9e1 ,manila & ,havana #a to #c1 ,virg9ia & ,k5tucky f #b to #g1 & ,fr5* tobaccos ab\t #i4 ,mo/ ( ! nicot9e 9 tobacco becomes volatiliz$ & decompos$ dur+ combu/ion2 a small "p1 h[ev]1 may =m a solution ) ! wat] :i* is also "o ( ! combu/ion products4 ,"o ( ! decomposition products ( nicot9e is ,pyrid9e ,pyrid9e is usually f\nd 9 tobacco smoke4 ,:5 cond5s$ x is a colorless non-oily liquid & is consid]ably less toxic ?an nicot9e4 ,ref]5ce w be made lat] on to ! effects ( nicot9e & pyrid9e on ! human sy/em4 ,pota% ,pota% is important z on its am\nt dep5ds ! burn+ qualities ( ! tobacco4 ,x is sometimes pres5t 9 ! a% to ! ext5t ( #cj1 be+ conv]t$ into potassium c>bonate by burn+4 ,n only = free burn+ is ! pota% valuable1 b also = ! bett] volatilization ( ! nicot9e & o!r sub/ances4 ,! m p]fect ! combu/ion1 ! few] delet]i\s comp\nds are =m$4 ,*lorides1 if pres5t1 ret>d ! burn+ ( ! tobacco1 & h5ce a tobacco :i* conta9s a high p]c5tage ( *loride1 ev5 if x is ri* 9 pota% salts1 is a poor burn+ tobacco & !re=e faulty4 ,:ile x is important t ! burn+ %\ld be free & ! volatilization z p]fect z possible1 yet ! smok] does n want 8 tobacco to burn too rapidly4 ,to meet ?is "s manufactur]s prep>e sl[ burn+ tobaccos g5]ally by ! addition ( "s *emical :i* *ecks ! pota%4 ,! aroma & flavor ( ! tobacco dep5d to a great ext5t on ! waxes1 res9s & oils1 z well z on c]ta9 ( ! organic acids4 ,,ref]5ces ,u4 ,s4 ,,disp5satory4 #aijg 7#ai? ,edition74 ,,kissl+4 ,! ,*emi/ry ( ,tobacco4 ,sci5tific ,am]ican 7,supp47 #aije1 ,vol4 #fj1 ,no4 #aefj4 ,,*u>d ,,mellett4 ,v>iation de ,nicot9e dans les diff]5ts organes de la plante de ,tabac4 ,comp4 ,r5d4 ,acad4 d4 ,sc4 7,p>is7 #aiab4 ,vol4 #aee1 p4 #bic4 ,,pezzolato1 ,a4 ,conf]5za ,sulla ,*imica applicato alla te*nologia del ,tabacco4 7,rome4 #aijc47 ,,wolf1 ,,jacob4 ,d] ,tabak und die ,tabak fabrikate4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,leipzig1 #aiab4 ,,s*loss+4 ,sur la production de la nicot9e p> la culture du ,tabac4 ,compt4 ,r5d4 ,acad4 d4 ,sc4 7,p>is71 #aiaj4 ,vol4 #aea1 p4 #bc4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,cur+ ,,( ,,tobacco ,,leaf ,,objects ,,( ,,cur+4 ,,me?ods4 ,,! ,,cur+ ,,( ,,tobacco ,,leaf ,! cur+ ( tobacco leaf is ! process ( dry+ out :i* has = its object ! foll[+ specific actions3 7#a7 ,! expell+ ( ! sap & sup]flu\s moi/ure4 7#b7 ,! completion ( ! yell[+ process & ! fix+ ( ! desir$ color4 7#c7 ,! pres]vation ( ! juices1 etc41 :i* give ! *>act]i/ic flavor & aroma4 7#d7 ,to give ! necess>y t\ghness & suppl5ess to ! leaf4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! cur+ is done by ! gr[] 9 cur+ %$s on ! f>m imm$iately aft] ! cutt+ ( ! crop2 ! f9al "p1 or ! f]m5tation "p is usually done by ! leaf deal] or manufactur] 9 special build+s call$ leaf-h\ses4 ,!re are ?ree me?ods ( cur+ 9 use by ! gr[]s1 i4 e41 sun cur+1 air cur+1 & artificial heat cur+4 ,9 ! case ( ! tobacco kn[n z ,p]ique ! cur+ process is m or less peculi> to itself4 ,sun & air cur+ are mu* sl[] processes ?an ! cur+ by artificial heat4 ,all cig> leaf tobacco is sun-cur$1 & z a g5]al rule pipe smok+ & *ew+ tobacco are cur$ by artificial heat4 ,= ! purpose ( dry+ & cur+ by artificial heat1 ! leaf is hung up 9 specially con/ruct$ cur+ h\ses or %$s4 ,x is f\nd t aft] ! exposure to ! sun = ! fir/ process ( yell[+ tobacco leaf /ill conta9s #a lb4 ( wat] approximately 9 ea* plant4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! process ( cur+ consi/s 9 draw+ (f ?is sup]flu\s moi/ure4 ,dry heat is appli$ at a temp]ature ( #ij deg4 ,f4 to #abj deg4 ,f4 = ab\t #af to #cj h\rs to effect ?is4 ,a fur!r exposure ( ab\t #dh h\rs at a temp]ature ( #abe deg4 or s is necess>y to complete ! cur+1 & fix ! color4 ,! /ems & /alks be+ ?ick] take a long] "t & g5]ally require #i to #aj h\rs fur!r exposure & a temp]ature :i* may range z high z #age deg4 ,f4 be=e !y are fully cur$1 ! temp]ature be+ grad$ h\rly until ! maximum necess>y is rea*$4 ,! process ( cur+ v>ies consid]ably 9 diff]5t /ates4 ,"s gr[]s pref] to put ! tobacco into ! %$s imm$iately aft] cutt+1 & all[ v little exposure 9 ! fields4 ,! temp]ature is usually kept /eady at ab\t #ij deg4 ,f4 ,aga9 ! process is diff]5t accord+ to ! quality ( tobacco requir$4 ,= ! heavy type ( leaf :i* is int5d$ = ! export trade1 ! cur+ 9 ! %$s is done by an op5 fire1 ! fuel be+ usually h>dwood logs4 ,! smoky1 creosotic flavor is absorb$ by ! leaf1 &1 al?\gh ?is flavor is n reli%$ by ! smok]s ( ! ,u4 ,s41 x is mu* lik$ 9 ,europe4 ,! cur+ 9 su* cases may la/ = #d or ev5 #e days4 ,! tobacco is susp5d$ on poles by ! /alks & ! fires are built on ! floor imm$iately "u !m s t ! c>bonace\s products are easily absorb$ by ! op5 pores ( ! leaf4 ,! *ew+ & pipe smok+ tobacco1 z well z cig>ette tobaccos includ+ all ! bright yell[ tobaccos us$ 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 are usually cur$ by ,flue cur+4 ,9 ?is case ! heat comes f pipes :i* run ar\nd ! cur+ h\ses & are f$ f a furnace 9 an adjo9+ *amb] or 9 a cell>4 ,! temp]ature c be easily regulat$4 ,flue cur+ is g5]ally complet$ 9 ab\t #d days4 ,flue cur+ does n clog up ! pores ( ! leaf :i* !re=e rema9 m absorb5t ?an 9 ! op5 fire cur$ tobacco4 ,?is is an important matt] = ! manufactur]s because ! flue cur$ leaf w absorb twice z mu* ( ! flavor+ sauces 7:i* are add$ to c]ta9 k9ds ( tobacco7 ?an tobacco leaf cur$ by op5 fires4 ,air exposure ( #f to #h weeks 7sometimes ext5d$ to #c or #d mon?s7 is necess>y :5 tobacco is cur$ by exposure to ! sun & air4 ,x is claim$1 h[ev]1 t ?is me?od ( cur+ pres]ves f> bett] ! natural flavor ( ! leaf2 &1 :]e flavor & aroma are highly important1 ?is me?od is always pref]r$4 ,h5ce all cig> leaf tobaccos are cur$ by exposure to natural sunlight & n by artificial heat4 ,air cur+ z di/9ct f sun cur+ is g5]ally done 9 op5 %$s :i* are ?or\ghly v5tilat$ & kept z f> z possible at a temp]ature ( ab\t #ge deg4 ,f4 ,! leaf is usually all[$ to cure :ile atta*$ to ! /alk1 b ,florida cur]s g5]ally pref] to /rip ! leaf & treat x sep>ately4 ,! f9] classes ( pipe smok+ tobaccos are air cur$4 ,aft] ! cur+ is complet$ ! color ( ! leaf is usually fix$4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! rip] ! leaf ! light] w be its color :5 cur$4 ,?us ! bottom leaves ( ! plant w be light] 9 color ?an ! upp] leaves because !y are m mature4 7,= ref]5ces see end ( ,*apt] ,,viii7 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,m>ket+ ,,& ,,sale ,,( ,,tobacco ,,leaf ,,me?ods ,,( ,,disposal ,,by ,,! ,,gr[]4 ,,! ,,w>eh\se ,,sy/em4 ,,direct ,,pur*ase4 ,,pr9cipal ,,m>kets ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,,prices4 ,,! ,,m>ket+ ,,& ,,sale ,,( ,,tobacco ,,leaf ,:5 ! tobacco leaf is fully cur$ x is at once prep>$ = ! m>ket4 ,! fir/ /ep is ! plant]s' classification ( ! leaf4 ,9 ! case ( pipe smok+ & *ew+ tobacco ! plant] collects all ! imp]fect1 injur$ leaves1 or ^? inf]ior f any cause1 & ties !m 9 bundles4 ,^! are ! plant]s lugs4 ,all o!r grades are leaf4 ,slightly injur$ leaves are class$ z l[-leaf or seconds4 ,! o!rs are class$ m$ium1 good1 f9e & select$ leaf1 accord+ to grade1 color1 quality1 etc4 ,9 ! case ( cig> leaf tobacco a simil> classification is made1 m c>e be+ tak5 ow+ to ! v great diff]5ce 9 price betwe5 ! bett] & poor] qualities4 ,?is diff]5ce may be z mu* z #bj;c 9 ! lb41 ! f9] & m suitable leaf be+ eag]ly s\ght =4 ,pipe smok+ & *ew+ tobacco leaf is usually pack$ 9 hog%eads or cases ea* weigh+ f #a1jjj to #a1djj lbs4 ,! op]ation ( pack+ ! leaf is call$ priz+4 ,cig> leaf is usually put up 9 h&s4 ,a h& consi/s ( f #be to #ge leaves ti$ toge!r4 ,f\r h&s ti$ toge!r make a c>rot & #hj c>rots g to ! bale1 b ! size ( ! bale v>ies consid]ably4 ,! tobacco is !n ready = ! buy]4 ,!re are two sy/ems ( dispos+ ( ! plant]s' product3 7#a7 direct pur*ase by ! manufactur] or by a middleman f ! gr[]2 & 7#b7 :at is kn[n z ! w>eh\se sy/em4 ,9 ! s\!rn /ates ! w>eh\se sy/em prevails4 ,e important tobacco section 9 ! s\? has its public w>eh\se :i* is "u ! control & sup]vision ( /ate law4 ,_m ( ^! w>eh\ses are long e/abli%$1 t at ,ri*mond1 ,va41 dat+ z f> back z #agcj1 & ^? at ,l\isville & ,cl>ksville ab\t #ahci4 ,on appo9t$ days ! plant] br+s 8 leaf to ! w>eh\se4 ,"h x is ent]$ z loose leaf or inspect$ leaf4 ,9 ! case ( loose leaf1 ! tobacco is op5 to ! inspection ( prospective buy]s1 :o exam9e x & aft]w>ds bid on x4 ,9 ! case ( inspect$ leaf ! w>eh\se (ficials fir/ exam9e ! consignm5ts1 grade !m & m>k !m accord+ to _! judgm5t1 tak+ samples4 ,! samples are op5 to buy]s' inspection & =m ! basis ( sale4 ,tobacco auctions are regul>ly held :5 ! buy]s assemble & bid on ! loose leaf & inspect$ lots4 ,prices ( ! v>i\s grades are fix$ & sales take place at ! day's price4 ,! pr9cipal tobacco m>kets are3 ,= ,k5tucky & ,t5nessee--,at ,l\isville1 ,cl>ksville & ,c9c9nati4 ,= ,m>yl& & ,ohio--,at ,baltimore4 ,= ,nor? ,c>ol9a--,at ,durham & ,w9/on4 ,= ,virg9ia--,at ,ri*mond4 ,! w>eh\se sy/em has ! great advantage t ! proce$+s are op5 & ! prices are record$ & publi%$4 ,h5ce gr[]s c "k h[ ! m>ket fluctuates & judge ! be/ "t = sale4 ,?is is n ! case :5 ! sale is private betwe5 ! buy] & sell] z is cu/om>y 9 ! ea/]n & nor!rn /ates4 ,"h ! price actually receiv$ by ! gr[] is (t5 diff]5t f t giv5 out z paid4 ,! price ( tobacco leaf has _h _m vicissitudes dur+ ! pa/ #be ye>s1 ! price (t5 hav+ rea*$ s l[ a po9t z to disc\rage produc]s4 ,?us at ,w9/on1 ,n4 ,c41 ! price has gradually fall5 f #ab4c;c p] lb4 9 #ahhi to #f4c;c 9 #ahif4 ,9 ! same p]iod ,burley leaf at ,l\isville & ,c9c9nati fell f #aj;c to #g-a_/b;c4 ,prices simil>ly dropp$ 9 o!r c5t]s4 ,! price ( cig> leaf has latt]ly increas$4 ,9 #aijj prices ran f #f to #ae c5ts2 9 #aije f #h to #ag c5ts4 ,_m conditions at home & abroad affect ! price1 su* z bad h>ve/s or inf]ior grades ( produce4 ,! tobacco tru/ has be5 v unju/ly blam$ by _m = ! fall+ price ( tobacco4 ,z a matt] ( fact & record1 h[ev]1 ! conc5tration ( buy+ p[] by elim9at+ ! middleman & ! small deal]s has n only plac$ ! gr[] 9 a bett] position by giv+ him a bett] price1 z rec5t records %[1 b x has b5efit$ ! consum] also :o c obta9 ! sup]ior grades at a l[] price4 ,x is ! middleman's pr(it t has be5 cut4 ,moreov]1 ! conc5trat$ buy+ p[] ( ! l>ge int]e/s "h has be5 an effective =ce 9 keep+ up tobacco leaf prices aga9/ ! =eign buy]s4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ab\t half ( our crop is export$4 ,! buy]s ( ?is portion1 :o are pr9cipally ! ag5ts ( =eign gov]nm5ts 79 ! cases :]e tobacco is a gov]nm5t monopoly z 9 ,france1 ,italy1 etc47 assemble at ! auctions & bid 9 ! usual way4 ,z ?is competition is v limit$ !re is always an opportunity = su* buy]s to agree among !mselves z to ! limit ( prices4 ,?is has be5 "o ( ! important factors :i* has kept ! prices ( tobacco leaf d[n4 ,! conc5tration ( ,am]ican buy+ p[] has1 h[ev]1 be5 a =midable *eck on x1 ! prices receiv$ by ! gr[]s be+ n[ fair & reasonable1 & su* z are ! result ( a heal?y m>ket1 :]e ! factors ( supply & dem& h _! full %>e ( effect4 ,! gov]nm5t /ati/ics %[ t = #aiad ! prices ( leaf v>i$ f #e4e;c to #bj;c = common to good v>ieties4 7,= ref]5ces see end ( ,*apt] ,,viii7 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,reh&l+ ,,& ,,f]m5tation ,,( ,,tobacco ,,leaf ,,prior ,,to ,,manufacture ,,selection ,,( ,,leaf4 ,,treatm5t ,,& ,,bl5d+4 ,,objects ,,& ,,me?ods ,,( ,,f]m5tation4 ,,action ,,( ,,microbes4 ,,reh&l+ ,,& ,,f]m5tation ,,( ,,tobacco ,,leaf ,,prior ,,to ,,manufacture ,we h se5 h[ ! tobacco passes f ! gr[] to ! manufactur] or leaf deal]4 ,be=e x is fitt$1 h[ev]1 = manufacture into cig>s or o!r f9i%$ products ! leaf mu/ g ?r\gh _m processes1 ! mo/ important ( :i* is f]m5tation4 ,^! processes1 :i* are usually kn[n z reh&l+1 are c>ri$ out 9 special build+s :i* are call$ leaf h\ses & /emm]ies4 ,! proc$ures 9 diff]5t leaf h\ses may v>y some:at1 b ! g5]al pr9ciples & objects 9 view are ! same 9 all4 ,moreov]1 ! treatm5t is diff]5t1 accord+ to ! ult]ior disposition ( ! leaf1 i4 e4 :e!r int5d$ = cig>s1 pipe smok+ or o!r product4 ,! g5]al treatm5t z c>ri$ out 9 l>ge e/abli%m5ts is ab\t z foll[s3 ,! leaf z soon z x is receiv$ :e!r 9 casks1 cases1 bales1 or o!rwise is op5$ up & inspect$ 9 ! cas+ room4 ,l>ge conc]ns :i* manufacture or deal 9 cig> & o!r k9ds ( leaf1 sort out ! diff]5t k9ds suitable = ea* class ( product1 i4 e4 wrapp]s1 fill]s1 b9d]s1 cig>ette leaf1 plug leaf1 etc4 ,^! are di/ribut$ to ei!r special h\ses or dep>tm5ts4 ,! tobacco leaf :5 fir/ receiv$ is usually dry & brittle4 ,! bundles are c>efully op5$ up & ! leaves loos5$ & spread out on l>ge trucks :]e !y are spray$ ) wat]4 ,:5 ! leaf has soak$ ! wat] & is pliable x und]goes a sort+ :i* is done by select+ leaves f diff]5t cases or ev5 bundles ( leaves & 9 a g5]al way arrang+ !m s t ea* truckfull repres5ts a bl5d ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( leaf :i* are suitable = ! purpose 9 view4 ,^! sort$ packages are !n r\ghly fa/5$ toge!r & aft] be+ aga9 spr9kl$ ?or\ghly are s5t to ! sweat+ room to und]go f]m5tation :i* may la/ sev]al weeks4 ,! temp]ature ( ?is room mu/ be c>efully regulat$ & is usually kept at ab\t #ij deg4 ,f4 ,! selection & bl5d+ ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( leaf is mo/ important4 ,x requires accurate & exp]t k 9 *oos+ leaves & k9ds possess+ diff]5t /r5g?s & o!r qualities & 9 comb9+ !m 9 su* proportions t ! f9al effect ( ! bl5d gives j :at is requir$4 ,x is p>ticul>ly 9 ?is exp]t treatm5t ( ! leaf be=e manufacture t ! greate/ advance has be5 made 9 ! tobacco indu/ry4 ,! smok] has ! advantage & satisfaction ( kn[+ t n only does he get ! b5efit ( improv$ sci5tific k & sanit>y conditions by :i* any?+ t might be h>mful or undesirable is remov$1 b t h&l+ ! leaf 9 l>ge quantities effects great economics & procures = him ! b5efit ( *oice/ select$ grades at a r$uc$ co/4 ,x may be said "h incid5tally t leaves ( ! v be/ tobaccos :i* are defective m]ely 9 size1 or color1 etc41 are put ?r\gh exactly ! same processes z ! *oic] quality leaves1 & are us$ 9 ! manufacture ( ! popul> pric$ ma*9e-made little cig>s & *]oots4 ,x w be necess>y n[ to digress = a %ort "t & consid] :at happ5s dur+ ! process ( f]m5tation4 ,,f]m5tation ,,( ,,tobacco ,! f]m5t+ ( tobacco leaf has = its pr9cipal objects1 7#a7 ! removal ( acrid matt]s1 7#b7 ! fix+ ( ! color1 & 7#c7 ! production ( flavor4 ,f]m5tation c only take place "u suitable conditions ( heat & moi/ure1 & is ess5tially a *emical process dur+ :i* c]ta9 organic comp\nds /or$ 9 ! plant are split up & o!rs =m$4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( f]m5tation takes place 9 ! cur+ h\ses dur+ ! yell[+ ( ! leaf aft] x has be5 h>ve/$1 b z we h se5 ! ma9 process ( f]m5tation does n occur until x is reh&l$ by ! manufactur]s4 ,! g5]al op9ion held at pres5t z ! result ( inve/igation is t ! trans=mations :i* are effect$ 9 ! leaf are purely ! result ( *emical processes4 ,z ! plant sl[ly dies & decomposes special f]m5ts are produc$4 ,^! f]m5ts set up an oxidization process :i* splits up ! complex organic comp\nds :i* /ill exi/ 9 ! leaf cells4 ,! />* 9 ! plant is *ang$ into sug> :i* is sl[ly consum$4 ,!re is a decrease 9 ! fats & gummy sub/ances1 also 9 nicot9e & nitrog5\s comp\nds1 & !re is a =mation ( c]ta9 organic acids su* z malic1 citric & oxalic :i* are ess5tial 9 ! production ( flavor4 ,briefly x may be said t ! process is an attempt by ! plant to prolong its exi/5ce by fe$+ on its own sub/ance1 by draw+ on its own res]ves & on its own /ructure = ! food :i* its cells no long] receive ?r\gh ! natural gr[+ process4 ,:5 ! /ruggle is ov] ! f]m5tation is complete4 ,! necessity = matur+ tobacco has long be5 kn[n b ! exact nature ( ! *anges t take place dur+ ! process 7 n und]/ood4 ,s9ce ! discov]ies ( ,l\is ,pa/eur reg>d+ ! "p play$ by bact]ia 9 g5]al f]m5tative processes x has be5 g5]ally claim$ by bact]iologi/s t ! *anges wr\ght 9 ! leaf & ! production ( flavor are solely ! "w ( bact]ia4 ,al?\gh ?is view has n be5 prov$ x has nev] be5 fully disprov$1 & !re appe>s to be no d\bt t ! microbes kn[n to exi/ 9 ! leaf dur+ ! f]m5tation process play an important "p 9 ! process4 ,f]m5tation c only take place z /at$ "u suitable conditions ( heat & moi/ure & ^! are ! conditions :i* favor ! developm5t ( microbes & enable !m to "w4 ,! results obta9$ are probably p>tially due to *emical action & p>tly to bact]ial action1 ! two be+ complem5t>y to ea* o!r4 ,9 #ahii ,su*sl&1 a ,g]man sci5ti/1 />tl$ ! tobacco _w by ass]t+ t ! flavor ( tobacco 0 9 no way due to ! effects ( ! soil & climate :]e x 0 gr[n1 b 0 solely due to microbic action1 & t ! specific flavor & aroma ( any giv5 tobacco c\ld be artificially produc$ by ! cultivation ( select$ bact]ia & all[+ ! tobacco to cure & f]m5t "u _! action4 ,he conduct$ a s]ies ( exp]im5tal inve/igations 9 :i* he se>*$ = & isolat$ ! specific microbes f\nd 9 ! be/ ,we/ ,indian tobacco4 ,f ^! he made artificial cultures & introduc$ !m into heaps ( inf]ior1 co>se ,g]man tobacco :i* 0 und]go+ cur+4 ,8 results 7 su* t ! smok+ quality ( ! leaf 0 entirely *ang$4 ,x c\ld sc>cely be di/+ui%$ f ! be/ ,cuban tobacco & exp]ts & connoisseurs fail$ to id5tify ! product z ,g]man tobacco4 ,a company 0 =m$ to exploit ! new ideas comm]cially1 b x does n appe> to h met ) success4 ,o!r inve/igations fail$ to obta9 ,su*sl&'s results & ext5sive inve/igation 9 ! ,agricultural ,exp]im5tal ,/ation 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates h n up to n[ produc$ any results confirmatory ( ! !ory4 ,we c n[ proce$ to foll[ ! c\rse ( ! tobacco 9 its p]egr9ations ?r\gh ! leaf h\se4 ,on _! return f ! fir/ f]m5tation ! bundles g to ! pick+ dep>tm5t4 ,leaves :i* are damag$ or unsuitable 9 any way are "h pick$ out & put aside to be us$ 9 ! *eap] grades4 ,! leaves are !n subject$ to a ?or\gh clean+ to remove p>ticles ( s&1 clay1 etc41 pack$ tightly 9 bundles & return$ to ! sweat+ dep>tm5t to und]go fur!r f]m5tation & to all[ = a ?or\gh int]*ange ( ! aroma ( ! diff]5t bl5ds4 ,9 due c\rse ! bundles pass to ! /emm+ dep>tm5t = ! removal ( ! midribs :i* usually =m ne>ly "o-?ird ( ! entire weight4 ,! result+ half leaves are !n arrang$ 9 piles ( #ej1 ea* pile =m+ a book4 ,f ! /emm+ dep>tm5t ! books pass to ! dry+ room :]e any sup]flu\s moi/ure is remov$ by hot air curr5ts4 ,f ! dry+ room ! books pass to ! ord]+ room :]e !y und]go inspection = color1 size1 etc41 & subject$ to fur!r treatm5t if necess>y4 ,"h !y are f9ally pack$ 9 cases & /or$ = sev]al mon?s to all[ p]fect & uni=m bl5d+ aft] :i* !y are ready = %ipm5t to ! factory4 ,fill] leaf = ! f9e/ cig>s may /& 9 ^! cases = two or ?ree ye>s4 ,leaf :i* is int5d$ = *ew+ or pipe smok+ is n subject$ to s great an elaboration ( processes z cig> leaf1 z ! matt]s ( uni=mity ( color1 & delicacy z well z individuality ( aroma are n ( su* great importance4 ,usually su* tobacco leaf is f]m5t$ 9 bulk1 & ! removal ( ! /ems is done be=e ! pr9cipal f]m5tation4 ,aft] ! prelim9>y selection ( v>ieties1 sort+1 /emm+ & clean+1 ! leaf is dipp$ into l>ge vats conta9+ flavors2 & aft] dry+ are subject$ to /eam+4 ,!y are !n pack$ away 9 bulk 9 ! sweat+ dep>tm5t :]e !y sl[ly f]m5t until requir$ = use4 ,^! bulks or /acks may conta9 _m tons ( leaf4 ,!y require con/ant turn+ ov]1 etc4 ,inde$ x may be said t e /ep 9 ^! processes requires con/ant c>e4 ,temp]ature1 moi/ure1 l5g? ( exposure1 etc41 mu/ all be c>efully se5 to4 ,o!rwise ! tobacco w spoil4 ,9 ! case ( tobacco leaf int5d$ = export trade reh&l+ consi/s ma9ly ( /emm+ & removal ( moi/ure4 ,?is is done be=e %ipm5t 9 ord] to r$uce ! weight z cu/oms duty is levi$ 9 accordance ) ! weight ( ! import$ packages 9 ! c\ntries import+4 ,,ref]5ces ,u4 ,s4 ,,dep>t4 ,,( ,,agric4 ,f>m]s' ,bullet9s #f & #fj4 ,,laureut1 ,l4 ,le ,tabac1 sa culture et sa prep>ation1 production et consommation4 ,p>is1 #aijj4 ,,b\ant1 ,e4 ,le ,tabac2 culture et indu/rie4 ,p>is1 #aija4 ,,boekh\t ,,und ,,de ,,vries4 ,ub] ,tabacf]m5tation4 ,c5tralbl4 f4 ,bakt]1 #aiji4 #b ,abteil4 ,vol4 #bd1 p4 #dif4 ,,loew1 ,o4 ,s9d ,bakt]i5 die ,ursa*e d] ,tabakf]m5tation8 ,c5tralbl4 f4 ,bakt]1 #aiji4 ,vol4 #f1 p4 #ajh4 ,,killebrew ,,& ,,myrick4 ,tobacco ,leaf4 ,"p ,i4 ,new ,york1 #ahig4 ,,su*sl&1 ,e4 ,boba*tung5 ueb] die ,selb/]wa]mung des f]m5ti]5d5 ,tabaks4 ,9 ,fe/s*rift #bjj-;,jahr ,jubel4 d4 ,v]e94 ,fri$ri*s ,univ]sit4 ,halle-,witt5b]g1 #ahid4 ,,wolf1 ,,jakob4 ,d] ,tabak und die ,tabakfabrikate4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,leipzig1 #aiab4 ,,hoagl&1 ,j4 ,g4 ,! ,tobacco ,indu/ry4 ,9 ,qu>t]ly ( ! ,nat4 ,fire ,protec4 ,assn41 #aijg4 ,vol4 #a1 ,nos4 #b & #d4 ,,jacob/e91 ,m4 ,! ,tobacco ,indu/ry 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,new ,york1 #aijg4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,manufactur$ ,,products ,,( ,,tobacco ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,/ati/ics ,,( ,,production ,,& ,,consumption4 ,,am\nt ,,( ,,capital ,,inve/$1 ,,etc4 ,,manufactur$ ,,products ,,( ,,tobacco4 ,,g5]al ,,rem>ks ,! importance & magnitude ( ! tobacco manufactur+ indu/ry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates w be be/ und]/ood f a consid]ation ( ! foll[+ /ati/ics tak5 f ! late/ available gov]nm5t records3 7,= all ,manufactur$ ,products7 ,co/ ( mat]ials us$ 7#aije7abf1jjj1jjj 7#aiji7 #agg1jjj1jjj ,value ( ! product 7#aije7 #cca1jjj1jjj 7#aiji7 #dag1jjj1jjj ,no4 ( e/abli%m5ts 7#aije7 #af1hbh 7#aiji7 #ae1hbb ,no4 ( p]sons employ$1 m ?an "o-?ird be+ wom5 7#aije7 #afj1jjj 7#aiji7 #aig1jjj ,! figures are giv5 9 r\nd numb]s4 ,! total capital inve/$ 9 ?is indu/ry is betwe5 #cjj1jjj1jjj & #djj1jjj1jjj4 ,!re are m ?an "o & a qu>t] millions acres 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 "u cultivation ( tobacco :i* yields a crop at pres5t approximat+ to #a1jjj million lbs4 ( leaf annually4 ,! indu/ry %[s an absolutely increas+ condition 9 e p>ticul> at ea* c5sus4 ,dur+ ! pa/ #de ye>s ! value ( ! product has increas$ m ?an #cjj1jjj1jjj4 ,9 addition to ! trade 9 manufactur+ 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 !re is ! export trade pr9cipally 9 unmanufactur$ leaf4 ,?is am\nts at pres5t to ab\t #ed1jjj1jjj annually4 ,! price ( export leaf has be5 cont9u\sly increas+ despite ( ! fact t ! production ( leaf abroad is increas+4 ,?us 9 #ahhf ! av]age export price ( leaf f ! ,u4 ,s4 0 #h-a_/b;c p] lb4 ,9 #aiad x 0 m ?an #ab;c4 ,! foll[+ /atem5t %[s at a glance ! m>vel\s increase 9 ! tobacco indu/ry3 ,comp>ative ,/atem5t ( ,manufactur$ ,tobacco 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 7all products7 ,capital ,no4 ( p]sons ,value ( inve/$4 employ$4 product4 ,ye> #ahhj #ci1jjj1jjj #hf1jjj #abf1jjj1jjj ,ye> #ahij #ij1jjj1jjj #aag1jjj #aie1jjj1jjj ,ye> #aijj #aaa1jjj1jjj #adb1jjj #bfd1jjj1jjj ,ye> #aije #cbd1jjj1jjj #aei1jjj #ccj1jjj1jjj ,ye> #aiji #aig1jjj #dag1jjj1jjj ,9 addition to ! numb] ( p]sons employ$ 9 manufactur+ we mu/ take into acc\nt ^? employ$ 7z well z ! capital inve/$7 9 ! agricultural & di/ribut+ ends4 ,! export manufactur+ trade is n important1 be+ only valu$ at ab\t #c million doll>s annually4 ,! value ( ! home manufactur$ products :i* 9 #aije 0 %[n at #ccj1jjj1jjj is di/ribut$ z foll[s4 ,cig>s #aih1jjj1jjj ,cig>ettes #af1jjj1jjj ,*ew+ & smok+ tobaccos #aji1jjj1jjj ,snuff #f1jjj1jjj ,o!r products #a1jjj1jjj ------------ ,total #ccj1jjj1jjj ,= ! increase 9 ! pres5t value ( ! product ^! figures w\ld be proportionately increas$4 ,9 ! ye> #aiac ! ,unit$ ,/ates export$ ab\t #cej million lbs4 ( unmanufactur$ tobacco leaf1 & 9 #aiad1 #ddi million lbs4 ,?is 0 di/ribut$ z foll[s3 ,to ,great ,brita9 & ,irel& #agd million lbs4 ,to ,canada #ag ,to ,france #ee ,to ,g]many #cb ,to ,italy #de ,to ,ne!rl&s #bh ,to ,spa9 #ag ,to ,japan #af ,to ,*9a #aa ,to ,belgium #aa ,to ,africa1 ,au/ralia1 etc4 #dc ---- ,total #ddi ,! l>ge/ export manufactur+ trade 0 to ,asia1 ! cig>ettes export$ !re hav+ a value ( #b-a_/b million doll>s4 ,! consumption ( manufactur+ products ( tobacco 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 has increas$ cont9u\sly s9ce #ahfc :5 x 0 #a4f lbs4 p] head to ! pres5t "t :5 x is #e-a_/b lbs4 p] head ( ! total population4 ,?is works out at ab\t #af lbs4 p] head = ea* male ov] #af ye>s4 ,! consumption ( tobacco 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 is high] ?an 9 any o!r c\ntry & has increas$ m rapidly4 ,= ! pa/ #dj ye>s ! consumption p] head 9 ,u4 ,s4 has increas$ #bdj2 9 ,engl& #ef2 9 ,france #bd2 9 ,g]many #bc4 ,f ?is fact diff]5t d$uctions might be made4 ,x may be t ! ,am]icans smoke m because !y are fond] ( tobacco ?an ,europeans2 or because !y get bett] & *eap] tobacco2 or because !y c bett] af=d to buy tobacco4 ,! greate/ p]c5tage ( increase 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is 9 ! consumption ( cig>s4 ,! manufactur$ products are class$ z 7#a7 cig>s1 7#b7 pipe smok+ & *ew+ tobaccos1 7#c7 cig>ettes1 7#d7 snuff4 ,to ea* ( ^! sep>ate *apt]s w be devot$4 7,= ref]5ces see ,*apt] ,,xv7 ,,*apt] ,x ,,cig>s4 ,,hi/orical ,,& ,,g5]al ,,facts ,,hi/ory4 ,,/ati/ical ,,in=mation ,,reg>d+ ,,! ,,cig> ,,bus9ess ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,,cig>s4 ,,hi/orical ,,& ,,g5]al ,,facts ,:5 ! ,spani>ds l&$ = ! fir/ "t on ,am]ican soil !y f\nd ! natives smok+ ! roll$-up tobacco leaves1 t is a cig>4 ,= a cig> is no?+ m1 f\r c5turies hav+ made little *ange 9 ! ,cuban cig>4 ,! ^w cig> is mo/ probably d]iv$ f ! ,spani% ^w cig>]--to roll4 ,o!r d]ivations are giv51 b ?is seems etymologically ! correct "o2 & we w re/ cont5t ) x4 ,9 ,spani% ,am]ica to ! pres5t day ! cu/om ( smok+ tobacco 9 ! roll$ =m1 ei!r z cig>s or cig>ettes1 prevails1 r ?an ! cu/om ( smok+ 9 pipes :i* 0 ! me?od ( ! nor!rn aborig9es f :om ! ,engli% coloni/s adopt$ x4 ,smok+ 0 introduc$ into ,spa9 9 ! cig> =m & into ,engl& 9 ! pipe =m4 ,cig>s1 h[ev]1 at ! pres5t "t1 bo? 9 ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica1 =m ! pr9cipal item 9 ! tobacco acc\nt ( ! p2 we %all !re=e ent] some:at fully into matt]s conc]n+ _! manufacture1 etc4 ,al?\gh1 z /at$1 x is 9 ! cig> =m t smok+ 0 introduc$ into ,spa91 x 0 n till ab\t #agij t cig>s 7 us$ g5]ally 9 ,europe4 ,a factory = ! manufacture ( cig>s 0 e/abli%$ at ,hamburg 9 #agif4 ,! cu/om did n spread rapidly & did n rea* any consid]able proportion 9 ,engl& till ab\t #ahcj :5 ! high duties 7 consid]ably r$uc$4 ,cig> mak+ has always be5 a /aple indu/ry 9 ,cuba4 ,x 0 !re :5 ! ,europeans l&$ & x is !re /ill4 ,its record is unbrok54 ,!re 0 always a great] or less] exportation to ,europe & else:]e4 ,,! ,,cig> ,,bus9ess ,,( ,,! ,u4 ,s4 ,( ! v>i\s manufactur$ products ( tobacco leaf1 ! cig> trade is ! mo/ important 9 ! ,u4 ,s41 its value be+ great] ?an t ( all o!r tobacco products comb9$4 ,! magnitude ( ?is bran* ( ! tobacco bus9ess may be gaug$ :5 we /ate t at ! pres5t "t !re are made annually 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 cig>s ( all k9ds to ! am\nt ( ab\t #h-a_/b billions4 ,! ,c5sus ,bureau ,report = #aiab %[s t = t ye> ! numb] ( full-siz$ cig>s made & on :i* tax 0 paid 0 9 r\nd numb]s #g1ejj1jjj1jjj1 & ( little cig>s1 t is "u ! regul> size1 ab\t #a1jjj1jjj1jjj4 ,^! figures are c]ta9ly /up5d\s1 p>ticul>ly :5 we consid] t1 9 addition1 at lea/ sev]al hundr$ m 7 import$ & t only ab\t #b1jjj1jjj 7 export$4 ,uncle ,sam evid5tly likes to smoke cig>s4 ,to make ^! cig>s requires a consumption ( #acf million lbs4 ( cig> leaf4 ,ne>ly #ej million lbs4 ( ?is is import$ at a gross co/ 7exclusive ( duties7 ( ab\t #ce million doll>s1 ! re/ ( ! leaf is home gr[n4 ,! pr9cipal imports are f ,cuba4 ,9 #aiab we import$ cig> leaf f ,cuba 9 am\nt ne>ly #bc million lbs4 & 9 #aiac ?is increas$ to ov] #bg million lbs4 valu$ at m ?an #af million doll>s4 ,! imports ( ,ea/ ,indian 7,sumatran7 leaf v>ies f #f to #h million lbs4 & co/s f #g to #h million doll>s4 ,al?\gh ! am\nt ( import$ leaf us$ 9 cig> mak+ %[s a /eady increase1 be+ n[ m ?an #ej great] ?an a decade ago1 yet ! proportion ( =eign leaf to home-gr[n leaf 9 ! :ole manufacture %[s a /eady decrease4 ,?is speaks well = ! improv+ quality ( ,am]ican gr[n leaf4 ,!re are 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ab\t #bf1jjj cig> factories1 bo? l>ge & small4 ,! l>ge numb] ( e/abli%m5ts is due to ! fact t cig> mak+ is /ill to a l>ge ext5t a h&-mak+ indu/ry4 ,ab\t #ace1jjj p]sons are directly employ$ 9 ! manufacture1 ne>ly half ( :om are wom54 ,! capital engag$ 9 ! bus9ess is report$ z #aej millions & ! value ( ! product #bjj million doll>s annually4 ,! actual consum] pays ab\t #cjj million doll>s = ! cig>s smok$1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! co/ ( ! product & ! latt] figure be+ ! exp5se & pr(it ( ! retail h&l]s4 ,! enorm\s gr[? ( ! cig> trade is se5 :5 x is comp>$ ) #ahfj4 ,9 t ye> ! annual value ( ?is product 0 only #i million doll>s4 ,! two /ates ( ,new ,york & ,p5nsylvania are ! c5t]s ( cig> manufacture4 ,betwe5 !m !y make ne>ly half ( ! entire product1 ,p5nsylvania lead+ ) ab\t two ?\s& million cig>s annually4 ,florida makes ab\t #cjj million4 ,! price paid by ! consum] works out to an av]age ( ab\t #d;c = ea* cig>4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,cig> ,,mak+ ,,h&-,,made ,,cig>s4 ,,ma*9e-,,made ,,cig>s4 ,,classification ,,( ,,cig>s4 ,,t]ms ,,us$ ,,9 ,,! ,,cig> ,,trade4 ,,cig> ,,mak+ ,x 0 inevitable t mod]n progress %\ld invade & revolutionize ! old & sl[ me?ods ( cig> mak+2 & s x has4 ,smok+ is a s5tim5tal occupation & l5ds itself easily to romantic associations4 ,a good deal ( romance & s5tim5t /ill hangs ar\nd ! h&-made cig> & cig>ette4 ,9 an up-to-date cig> factory1 h[ev]1 ! :ir ( ma*9]y & ! precise1 regul> movem5ts ( automatic contrivances give little scope = s5tim5t4 ,up to #ahgj cig>s 7 h&-made4 ,all t 0 necess>y 0 an inexp5sive bo>d1 a cutt+ knife1 & a block ( wood ) a /ation>y knife1 kn[n z a tuck1 = measur+ & cutt+ ! f9i%$ cig>4 ,ab\t ! "t /at$ ! mold 0 introduc$4 ,! mold is a wood5 block ab\t #ah x #f x #c1 a tool :i* facilitates ! %ap+ ( ! bun* or fill] "p ( ! cig> & presses x into %ape4 ,?is mold is n[ us$ 9 mo/ h&-made cig> factories :]e ! labor is subdivid$ into bun*-mak]s & roll]s1 ! latt] putt+ on ! b9d] & wrapp] & f9i%+ ! cig>4 ,x is ! introduction ( practically automatic ma*9]y1 h[ev]1 :i* is revolutioniz+ ! cig>-mak+ bus9ess1 & sl[ly b surely driv+ ! h&-made cig> into ! position occupi$ by ! h&-made cig>ette4 ,& ! writ] _c see :y ?is %\ld n be s4 ,z x has be5 said1 !re is mu* s5tim5t ab\t h&-made cig>s4 ,b common s5se seems to be on ! side ( ! ma*9e4 ,we q und]/& ! difficulty ( kill+ old prejudices & "t honor$ cu/oms2 b x is difficult to und]/& h[ ! flavor or quality ( a cig> fill] c be diff]5t :e!r x is press$ into ! %ape by a ma*9e or by ! h& ( a workman2 or :at ! precise improvem5t is :5 a wrapp] leaf is put on & lick$ by a workman r ?an by a clean ma*9e "u p]fect sanit>y conditions4 ,h[ev]1 s5tim5t /ill p]si/s4 ,imag9>y1 or p]haps real1 *>ms are ascrib$ to ! h&-made goods & ! smok] is will+ & ev5 wi%ful to pay a high] price = 8 fancy4 ,! result is t ! small factory is /ill pr$om9ant4 ,x dep5ds m on labor ?an on capital4 ,b ! l>ge factories h an imm5se production4 ,! condition w be be/ %[n by /at+ t 9 less ?an #a p] c5t ( ! cig> mak+ e/abli%m5ts ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ne>ly #ej p] c5t ( ! entire output is made1 or1 putt+ x ano!r way1 ne>ly ?ree-f\r?s ( all ! lic5s$ cig> factories produc$ less ?an "o-t5? ( ! product4 ,( ! #bf1jjj e/abli%m5ts 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 only 9 #b is ! annual output m ?an #ej million & 9 #bg ! output runs f #be to #ej million4 ,p5nsylvania e/abli%m5ts1 pr9cipally 9 ,philadelphia1 produce #bh ( ! entire ,u4 ,s4 cig> output2 ,new ,york ,/ate1 pr9cipally ,new ,york ,city1 comes next ) ab\t #bj2 & ,ohio1 pr9cipally ,c9c9nati1 ?ird ) ab\t #h4 ,= ma*9e-made goods ! pr9cipal ma*9es us$ are ! bun* roll]s & ! suction table4 ,! =m] rolls ! bun* ( fill] leaves & presses !m into %ape4 ,! suction table is us$ = wrapp+ ! cig>4 ,! op]ator places ! wrapp] leaf on a p]=at$ plate4 ,by press+ a foot lev] a vacuum is creat$ b5ea? ?is plate :i* holds ! leaf smoo? & snug aga9/ ! table4 ,! p]=at$ plate is exactly ! =m :i* ! wrapp] mu/ be to prop]ly fit ! cig>4 ,x is easily cut ar\nd & trimm$ to %ape4 ,! bun* f ! bun* roll] is !n quickly encas$ 9 ! wrapp]4 ,human labor is necess>y only to fe$ ! ma*9es & to spread ! wrapp]s4 #be1jjj bun*es c easily be wrapp$ 9 a week at a co/ ( #f to #i = labor 7pr9cipally female7 & ! upkeep ( ! ma*9e4 ,?is 9 labor alone w\ld =m]ly co/ z mu* z #ge4jj4 ,9 ! small] h&-made factories1 ! me?od ( proc$ure is ab\t z foll[s3 ,! leaf on receipt is op5$ & moi/5$4 ,! fill] leaf is sep>at$ f ! wrapp]4 ,! fill] leaf is made up into books1 a book be+ a bun* ( leaves suitable = "o cig>4 ,! loose books are !n all[$ to f]m5t = a week or s :5 !y are ready = use4 ,! bun*mak] selects & arranges 8 leaves f ea* book1 selects 8 b9d] & rolls ! :ole into cig> =m4 ,if a mold is us$ he puts ! bun* 9 a matrix ( ! mold & fa/5s d[n ! cov] until ! leaves are press$ into %ape4 ,!y !n g to ! wrapp] man & are wrapp$ ei!r by ma*9e or by h&1 accord+ to ! class ( goods4 ,! wrapp+ is begun at ! light+ end & f9i%$ at ! po9t :i* is call$ ! head4 ,aft] trimm+ to gauge1 ! cig> is ready = inspection & classification accord+ to color1 etc41 & = b&+4 ,cig>s accord+ to _! manufacture are class$ = trade purposes 9 v>i\s ways4 ,! trade nom5clature embraces ! foll[+ descriptions3 ,cig>s1 little cig>s1 all-tobacco cig>s1 /ogies & *]oots4 ,cig>s prop] h _m subdivisions3 7#a7 ,,import$ ,,cig>s4 ,?is t]m is usually conf9$ to cig>s made 9 ,cuba1 & does n include ,porto ,rican or ,philipp9es4 7#b7 ,,porto ,,rico ,,cig>s4 ,us$ = cig>s made 9 ^? places4 7#c7 ,,philipp9e ,,cig>s4 7#d7 ,,cle> ,,havanas4 ,?is t]m d5otes a cig> made by h& 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ( ,cuban tobacco exclusively & 9 ! same /yle z 9 ,cuba4 7#e7 ,,se$ ,,& ,,havana4 ,up to ab\t #ej ye>s ago !re 7 no cle> ,havanas made 9 ! ,u4 ,s41 ! be/ produc$ be+ a comb9ation ( ,havana leaf & leaf gr[n 9 ! /ates f import$ ,havana se$4 ,h5ce ! t]m :i* ord9>ily means an ,am]ican made cig>1 ! fill] be+ :olly or p>tly ( ,cuban tobacco & ! wrapp]1 a dome/ic or ,sumatran leaf4 7#f7 ,,dome/ic ,,cig>s4 ,?is t]m is us$ = cig>s made 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 9 contra-di/9ction to import$ cig>s4 7#g7 ,,nickel ,,goods4 ,ord9>y #e;c cig>s made ei!r entirely1 ( dome/ic tobacco or ) a ,sumatran wrapp]1 & usually made p>tly or :olly by ma*9e4 ,x also usually includes segundos or seconds1 i4 e41 cig>s ( a bett] type made to sell at high] prices b :i* on acc\nt ( "s defect are reject$ on inspection4 ,sometimes cle> ,havanas made ( scrap fill] & inf]ior wrapp] are includ$4 ,^! cig>s h a va/ v>iety ( designations & make up ! g5]al /ock ( mo/ cig> /ores4 ,! co/ ( production does n usually exce$ #bj4jj p] ?\s& & !y sell to deal]s at f #be4jj to #cj4jj4 7#h7 ,,/ogies1 ,,tobies1 ,,etc4 ,,*]oots4 ,cig> %ap$ rolls ( *eap dome/ic tobacco made quickly by ma*9e1 & ( v>i\s sizes4 ,*]oots are op5 at bo? ends4 ,! fill] ( /ogies is usually a we/]n gr[n leaf ( full size1 b r\gh quality4 ,!y are manufactur$ pr9cipally 9 ,l\isville1 ,c9c9nati1 ,pittsburgh1 ,:eel+1 etc4 ,"o ( ! l>ge tobacco companies op]ates ab\t #be l>ge cig> factories 9 v>i\s c5t]s ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,"h are made all classes ( dome/ic cig>s1 b all are made "u ! same conditions ( sanitation1 economic h&l+ & /rict sup]vision4 ,! leaf is prep>$1 select$1 f]m5t$1 bl5d$1 etc41 9 ! company's own special leaf h\ses & is despat*$ to ! v>i\s factories z ne$$4 ,all ! bett] class ( dome/ic cig>s are h&-made1 ma*9]y be+ us$ 9 mak+ ! *eap] grades4 ,!re are special factories = ! mak+ ( little cig>s1 ( :i* a va/ numb] are made on acc\nt ( _! popul>ity4 ,^! include ! package goods & ^? put up 9 c>dbo>d boxes ( :i* su* br&s z ,virg9ia ,*]oots & ,royal ,b5gals are types4 ,by ! t]ms little cig> ! trade recognizes all cig>s "u ! regul> /&>d size & :i* weigh less ?an #c p\nds p] ?\s&4 ,9 "s little cig> factories ^! little cig>s are n made f inf]ior leaf4 ,!y are made usually f ! small leaves ( ! tobacco int5d$ = high] pric$ goods1 b :i* on acc\nt ( faulty size _c be us$4 ,! leaf is1 h[ev]1 cur$ & prep>$ 9 exactly ! same way4 ,9 addition ! scrap or wa/e portions ( ! high pric$ leaf is us$ = fill]s = little cig>s4 ,! little cig>s ( ?is type are usually ( fir/-rate quality & on acc\nt ( _! small co/ give excell5t value to ! smok]4 ,,cig>s4 ,,miscellane\s ,!re are a good _m t]ms us$ 9 ! cig> trade to d5ote color1 size1 quality1 etc41 :i* smok]s %\ld "k ! mean+ (4 ,mo/ ( ^! t]ms are ,spani%1 because ! cig> trade 0 = a long "t conf9$ to ,cuba4 ,t]ms us$ to d5ote ! quality ( cig> leaf ,,dese*o4 ,! f9e/ quality2 ! top leaves ( plant2 be/ because !y h receiv$ mo/ sun%9e & dew4 ,,dese*ito4 ,good leaves b inf]ior to dese*o4 ,,libra4 ,good leaves b small 9 size2 ! small] top & bottom leaves4 ,,injuriado4 ,injur$ leaves2 root leaves soil /a9$ & injur$ by insects4 ,t]ms us$ to d5ote color ,note3 ,! color t]m ref]s to ! wrapp] only4 ,_m smok]s judge ! mildness or /r5g? ( a cig> by its outside color4 ,?is is a fallacy4 ,! wrapp] con/itutes only ab\t #b p] c5t ( ! cig> weight4 ,moreov] color is no crit]ion ( /r5g?4 ,! d>ke/ cig> may be & usually is v mild4 ,! color is due 7#a7 to ! soil1 7#b7 to ! age ( ! plant :5 cut1 & 7#c7 to ! l5g? ( "t ( cur+ & f]m5tation4 ,z a g5]al rule ! light] ! color ! m inf]ior & immature is ! tobacco4 ,cig> smok]s %\ld rememb] ?is4 ,,cl>o or ,,cl>a4 ,v light color$4 ,! lighte/ %ade kn[n 9 select$ leaves4 ,,colorado4 ,r$2 m$ium 9 color4 ,,colorado ,,cl>a4 ,light ,br[n4 ,,colorado ,,maduro4 ,d>k ,br[n4 ,,maduro4 ,ripe2 v d>k1 almo/ black 9 color4 ,t]ms us$ to d5ote size & %ape ,,con*as4 ,%ell2 cig>s s m>k$ are #d-a_/d long4 ,,con*a ,,f9a4 ,a fir/ quality ,con*a4 ,,con*a ,,especial4 ,f9ely f9i%$ & some:at l>g] ?an a ,con*a4 ,,londres4 ,london4 ,specially made = ! ,london m>ket & on acc\nt ( its %ape & l5g?4 ,,regalias4 ,a cig> ( a f9] grade ( tobacco ?an is us$ 9 ,londres or ,con*as4 ,,damas4 ,ladies2 small cig> ab\t #c long4 ,,panatelas4 ,a long ?9 cig> t has be5 heavily press$4 ,,non ,,plus ,,ultra4 ,a l>ge h&some cig> made f ! f9e/ tobacco4 ,,escepcionales4 ,exceptionally l>ge siz$ cig>4 ,,op]a4 ,a small aft]-d9n] cig> ab\t #c-a_/d long4 ,,pr9cesses4 ,l ! ,op]a1 b ?9n]4 ,,coquettas4 ,flirt2 #c-a_/b long4 ,,brevas4 ,a %ort1 ?ick cig>4 ,,noblesse4 ,! l>ge/ & mo/ exp5sive cig>s4 ,9 addition to ! above !re is a multitude ( trade names1 su* z ,club ,h\se1 ,h(fman ,h\se1 ,ro?s*ilds1 ,inv9cibles1 ,p]fectos1 etc41 etc4 ,"s ( ^! t]ms m]ely d5ote p>ticul> br&s put out by c]ta9 mak]s & to di/+ui% _! products4 ,! ,spani% t]ms ref] to ! cig> itself & n to ! mak]4 ,!y may be us$ by any mak]1 & no long] ref] to any /&>d ( excell5ce4 7,see ref]5ces end ( ,*apt] ,,xv7 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,cig>s ,,& ,,_! ,,qualities ,,qualities ,,( ,,cig>s ,,& ,,cig> ,,leaf4 ,,import$ ,,cig>s4 ,,havanas4 ,,dome/ic ,,cig>s4 ,,cig>s ,,& ,,_! ,,qualities ,a cig> consi/s ess5tially ( ?ree di/9ct p>ts3 ! body or inn] "p call$ ! fill]2 ! cov]+ ( ! fill] :i* is call$ ! b9d]2 & ! outside f9i%+ cov] :i* is call$ ! wrapp]4 ,cuban cig>s1 h[ev]1 consi/ ( fill] & wrapp] only4 ,except 9 ! case ( cig>s made 9 ,cuba ! wrapp] leaf is usually ( a diff]5t class ( tobacco f ! re/ ( ! cig>1 z ! qualities to be fulfill$ by ea* "p is diff]5t4 ,! qualities requir$ 9 a cig> mu/ be view$ bo? f ! smok]s' & ! manufactur]s' /&po9ts & ! leaf mu/ be su* z to con=m to ^! qualities4 ,?us ! smok] is conc]n$ ) ! burn+ quality1 ! ta/e1 flavor1 aroma1 color1 g5]al appe>ance & /r5g? ( ! cig>4 ,! manufactur] 9 addition to seek+ leaf t w answ] ! smok]s' requirem5ts also has an eye to economy & requires ! leaf to h qualities reg>d+ size1 weight1 texture1 etc4 ,!re=e1 9 ! be/ cig> leaf ! foll[+ qualities are m or less ess5tial3 7#a7 good color1 7#b7 fair body1 7#c7 a cont9u\s pleasant aroma1 7#d7 f9e texture comb9$ ) a c]ta9 t\ghness1 7#e7 small ribs & ve9s1 7#f7 good combu/ion s t x w hold fire = #d or five m9utes4 ,! burn+ mu/ be free & ev5 ) a :ite or :iti%-br[n a% :i* rema9s intact until cig> is ?ree-f\r?s smok$1 7#g7 good size ( leaf1 7#h7 mu/ be ela/ic & s\ple1 mu/ n be brittle1 7#i7 x mu/ be free f spots & light 9 weight4 ,"s ( ^! qualities are ess5tial 9 fill] leaf2 "s 9 wrapp] leaf4 ,?us ! color ( fill] leaf does n matt]2 nei!r does ! aroma ( ! wrapp] ! ess5tial qualities ( :i* are color1 lightness & ela/icity4 ,! cig>s consum$ 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 are ei!r 7a7 ,import$ or 7b7 ,home ,manufactur$4 7a7 ,,import$ ,,cig>s ,! mo/ important ( ! import$ cig>s are ^? t come f ,cuba1 ,porto ,rico & ! ,philipp9es4 ,up to ! "t ( ! ,civil ,w> cig>s 7 import$ pr9cipally f ,g]many & ,cuba & ! value 0 ab\t #d-a_/b million doll>s annually4 ,high import duties h1 h[ev]1 alt]$ ?is & ! numb] ( import$ cig>s is ne>ly #ij p] c5t less ?an =m]ly4 ,! value ( ! import has n1 h[ev]1 fall5 s mu*1 t is to say only ! high] grades ( cig>s are import$4 ,! value ( cig>s n[ import$ does n exce$ #c million doll>s annually & !y are pr9cipally ,cuban4 ,,cuban1 ,,or ,,s-,,call$ ,,havana1 ,,cig>s ,z ! /ricte/ laws are en=c$ 9 ,cuba aga9/ ! importation ( tobacco1 x foll[s t all g5u9e s-call$ ,havana cig>s are made ( ,cuban tobacco4 ,! ,havana ,tobacco ,co4 controls ab\t #bfj1jjj acres ( ! be/ ,cuban tobacco l& & has #be factories 9 ! ,city ( ,havana4 ,"h ,havana cig>s are made 9 all grades f ^? :i* c be b\ght at #b = #be;c to ^? :i* co/ #b4jj ea*4 ,! high pric$ are v limit$ 9 quality1 be+ made f tobacco gr[n 9 specially favor$ di/ricts4 ,! ,prov9ce ( ,p9> del ,rio produces #gj p] c5t ( ! :ole ,cuban crop1 & includes ! celebrat$ ,di/rict ( ,vuelta ,abajo 9 :i* ! f9e/ cig> tobacco 9 ! _w is gr[n2 ! ,prov9ces ( ,havana & ,santa ,cl>a ea* produces ab\t #ac p] c5t ( ! ,cuban crop4 ,havana ,p>tidio leaf is ( v f9e quality & is us$ pr9cipally z wrapp]s ( cle> ,havanas4 ,havana ,rem$ios leaf comes f ,santa ,cl>a1 has a high flavor1 r heavy body & is us$ mo/ly = fill]s4 ,! v f9e/ ,havana cig>s nev] leave ,cuba1 = ! m]*ant keeps !m = 8 own use4 ,he is a smok] be=e a trad]4 ,! crop ( ! v be/ ,vuelta ,abajo tobacco is s small t n m ?an ab\t #cj1jjj cig>s c be made f x4 ,^! are kept = private pur*as]s & none g on ! m>ket4 ,! f9e/ ,havanas are ( an ev5 t9t ( ri* d>k br[n1 free f all /a9s & spots1 burn+ freely to a :ite or :iti%-br[n a%1 & hold+ fire = #d or #e m9utes4 ,altoge!r ! ,di/rict ( ,vuelta ,abajo produces ab\t "o-qu>t] million bales ( leaf annually & ab\t "o-t5? ( ?is is high class & produces up to #bj doll>s p] lb4 on ! spot4 ,z /at$ previ\sly1 ,cuban cig>s h no b9d]4 ,!y consi/ ( fill] & wrapp] only & are all h&-made4 ,! unique position :i* ^! cig>s h held = s long is due n only to p]fect cur+ & bl5d+ ( ! leaf1 b also to ! sup]ior skill ( ! ,cuban workm5 :o are ! mo/ exp]t cig>mak]s & bl5d]s 9 ! _w1 & :o 9 ! be/ factories are all[$ to take all ! "t !y ne$ 9 mak+ ! cig>4 ,"s ( ^! ,tabacqu]os h be5 mak+ ! same br& ( cig> = #bj ye>s or long]4 ,( ! total annual output ( ,cuban made cig>s1 ,engl& takes ab\t #dj p] c5t1 ! ,u4 ,s4 ab\t #be p] c5t & ,g]many #ac p] c5t4 ,9 #aiac1 ! ,u4 ,s4 import$ #fei1ceh lbs4 ( cig>s & *]oots f ,cuba valu$ = #c1iii1daj4 ,,porto ,,rico ,,cig>s ,f ,porto ,rico ! ,u4 ,s4 %ips ab\t #abe million cig>s annually4 ,,philipp9e ,,cig>s ,! laws 9 =ce betwe5 ! ,u4 ,s4 & ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s1 gov]n+ ! t>iff1 provide = ! importation annually f ! ,philipp9es to ! ,u4 ,s4 free ( import duties1 ( cig> wrapp] leaf & fill] leaf mix$ or pack$ ) m ?an #ae p] c5t ( wrapp] leaf1 n 9 excess ( #cjj1jjj lbs42 ( fill] leaf alone n 9 excess ( #a1jjj1jjj lbs42 & manufactur$ cig>s 9 numb] n exce$+ #aej1jjj1jjj4 ,! %ipp+ mu/ be direct4 ,z ! ,philipp9e leaf is excell5t & labor !re is *eap1 ! ,u4 ,s4 smok] is ?us enabl$ to get a v good smoke at a small co/4 ,! full numb] ( cig>s all[$ at lea/ is import$4 ,9 #aiac ! importation ( ,philipp9e cig>s & *]oots to ! ,u4 ,s4 0 #a1fda1hcb lbs4 valu$ at #b1bif1hbc4 ,,home ,,manufactur$ ,,cig>s ,= ! home manufactur$ cig> trade ! leaf us$ is ei!r import$ or home gr[n4 ,import$ cig> leaf comes pr9cipally f ,cuba1 ,dut* ,ea/ ,indies 7,sumatra1 ,java1 etc471 ,porto ,rico1 ,mexico1 ,brazil1 & ! ,philipp9es4 ,import$ ,cuban leaf is us$ bo? z fill]s & wrapp]s4 ,! ,u4 ,s4 z already /at$ imports ab\t #bf million lbs4 annually4 ,! leaf v>ies 9 l5g? f #h to #ah2 is a ri* br[n color1 & its pr9cipal *>act]i/ic is its f9e flavor & aroma1 :i* is unequall$ by any o!r tobacco 9 ! _w4 ,! ,sumatran leaf is p]haps m important 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 cig> trade ?an ! ,cuban leaf4 ,x is us$ exclusively z wrapp]s1 on acc\nt ( its f9e light br[n color1 its ela/ic texture & light weight4 ,! g5u9e import$ leaf is mu* less 9 weight ?an t gr[n f ,sumatran se$ 9 ,florida4 ,ab\t #b lbs4 ( import$ ,sumatran leaf w wrap #a1jjj cig>s4 ,its l5g? is usually f #ad to #bj in*es & ! ,u4 ,s4 imports annually ab\t #g million lbs41 valu$ at ab\t #e million doll>s4 ,! use ( ,sumatran leaf z a wrapp] = home-made cig>s has increas$ rem>kably 9 ! la/ qu>t] c5tury4 ,9 ! qu9qu5nium end+ #ahhe ! numb] ( su* cig>s 0 #cd millions4 ,9 ! la/ qu9qu5nium ! numb] exce$$ #b1jjj millions4 ,! ,sumatran leaf has little aroma or flavor & its value is = appe>ance only4 ,! av]age prices paid by ! ,unit$ ,/ates = import$ cig> leaf 9 #aiad 03 = leaf suitable = cig> mak+1 #abg;c p] lb42 = o!r leaf1 #ej4dd;c p] lb4 ,,o!r ,,import$ ,,cig> ,,leaf ,s9ce ! introduction ( tax-free manufactur$ cig>s f ! ,philipp9es ! importation ( leaf has decl9$4 ,mexican leaf is us$ z a sub/itute = ,cuban1 to :i* x is inf]ior4 ,! imports ( cig> leaf tobacco f ,porto ,rico & ,brazil are relatively unimportant4 ,,cig> ,,leaf ,,tobacco ,,gr[n ,,9 ,,! ,u4 ,s4 ,! home gr[n tobacco leaf us$ 9 ! cig> manufactur+ trade ( ! ,u4 ,s4 is gr[n pr9cipally 9 ! /ates ( ,connecticut1 ,new ,york1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,ohio1 ,wiscons91 ,florida1 ,georgia1 & ,texas4 ,! ,connecticut leaf is us$ = wrapp]s & b9d]s4 ,! ,ohio & ,p5nsylvania leaf almo/ exclusively = fill]s4 ,wiscons9 produces b9d] leaf p>ticul>ly4 ,! leaf gr[n else:]e is us$ mo/ly z wrapp]s4 ,x is usual1 h[ev]1 to use ! import$ & ,sumatran leaf z wrapp]s = all high class home-made cig>s4 ,! f9e/ ,am]ican gr[n wrapp] leaf is rais$ 9 ,connecticut4 ,! be/ kn[n br&s are kn[n z ,connecticut ,se$leaf & ,connecticut ,broadleaf1 bo? v>ieties rais$ orig9ally f import$ ,havana se$4 ,! leaf is de/itute ( ?ick fib]s & has a f9e texture4 ,!y run f #ad to #bf 9 l5g?1 giv+ good wrapp+ capacity4 ,! ,p5nsylvania leaf is also class$ z ,se$ & ,broadleaf4 ,x is ab\t ! same size z ! ,connecticut1 b does n equal x 9 quality4 ,! pr9cipal v>ieties 9 ,ohio are ! ,gebh>dt1 ,zimm]1 ,spani%1 & ,little ,dut*4 ,^! d n usually exce$ #bj 9 l5g?4 ,florida cig> leaf is usually small1 runn+ f #aj to #ad 9 l5g?4 7,= ref]5ces see ,*apt] ,,xv7 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,pipe ,,smok+ ,,& ,,*ew+ ,,tobaccos ,,qualities ,,requir$4 ,,description ,,( ,,k9ds4 ,,p]ique ,,tobacco4 ,,/ati/ics4 ,,pipe ,,smok+ ,,& ,,*ew+ ,,tobaccos ,= pipe smok+ mixtures ! tobacco leaf us$ is ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,pref]r$ /ra9s ( leaf f ,virg9ia1 ,nor? & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,t5nessee1 ,k5tucky1 ,m>yl&1 & ,ea/ ,ohio1 to :i* is add$ sometimes ,turki%1 ,latakia1 ,p]ique1 & a little ,havana4 ,! bl5d is made :ile ! tobacco is 9 leaf =m1 portions ( ! desir$ k9ds be+ assembl$ 9 accordance ) a =mula foll[$ by ! manufactur]4 ,! leaf is !n put ?r\gh ! requir$ me*anical processes4 ,! qualities necess>y 9 pipe smok+ tobaccos are t x mu/ burn ev5ly1 sl[ly1 smoo?ly & ?or\ghly2 x mu/ h an agreeable aroma2 x mu/ n cause a burn+ or acrid s5sation 9 ! m\? :5 smok$2 x is desirable t its nicot9e cont5ts %\ld be l[4 ,appe>ance is n ( any consequ5ce1 b ! manufactur] looks = leaf t1 9 addition to ! above qualities1 is free f gumm9ess z ?is int]f]es ) granulation & cutt+2 also t ! leaf may be a good absorb+ k9d 9 ord] t x may imbibe ! juices ) :i* ?is class ( manufactur$ tobacco is treat$ bo? = *ew+ & pipe smok+4 ,z ! ta/e ( smok]s ) reg>d to ! flavor & aroma ( pipe tobacco v>ies consid]ably1 "s desir+ a /rong1 o!rs a mild or light tobacco1 ?is mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt by ! manufactur] & ! bl5ds grad$ accord+ly4 ,pipe smok+ tobaccos are di/+ui%$ accord+ to ! diff]5t me*anical processes us$ 9 _! production4 ,?us !re are 7#a7 ,granulat$1 7#b7 ,plug-cut1 7#c7 ,long-cut1 7#d7 ,f9e-cut1 etc4 ,9 =m] days x 0 cu/om>y = smok]s to buy _! tobacco 9 ! roll or twi/ & cut & manipulate x !mselves4 ,?is cu/om has1 h[ev]1 pass$ away almo/ entirely 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,x /ill survives to a l>ge ext5t 9 ,europe :]e smok]s pref] _! tobacco moi/4 ,9 ! ,u4 ,s4 pipe smok+ tobacco is usually cut & ready = ! pipe & sold 9 packages or cans4 ,,granulat$ is tobacco t has be5 flak$ by break+ or cutt+ ma*9es ) blunt tee? or saws & !n pass$ ov] a s]ies ( oscillat+ sieves ( grad$ me%4 ,,plug-,,cut or ,,cut-,,plug is fir/ made into plugs by pressure4 ,^! plugs are !n cut into ?9 slices conv5i5t = crumbl+4 ,! slices are put up 9 packages 9 :i* =m ! smok] uses x4 ,special =ms ( cut-plug are1 bird's-eye1 %ort-cut1 cube-cut1 /raight-cut1 curly-cut1 wavy-cut & cav5di%-cut2 ! "n be+ det]m9$ by ! %ape ( ! cut slices4 ,navy-cut is a p>ticul> k9d ( plug :i* 0 orig9ally prep>$ directly by %ipm54 ,,long-,,cut tobacco is leaf cut into long %r$s4 ,x diff]s f plug-cut 9 n hav+ be5 press$ into solid plugs be=e cutt+4 ,,f9e-,,cut is f9] & %ort] %r$s ?an ! long-cut1 & ! tobacco us$ is usually ( a less gummy k9d4 ,o!r v>ieties kn[n 9 ! trade are3 ,,g]man ,,smok+4 ,a co>se-gra9$1 heavy tobacco ) /rong flavor4 ,x is a co>se granulat$ tobacco4 ,,/rips4 ,a f9e %r$d$ or p[d]$ tobacco us$ pr9cipally 9 ! m9+ camps ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,,scrap4 ,smok+ tobacco made up f cig> clipp+s & *eap cig> leaf ( ! fill] & b9d] type4 ,,p]ique ,,tobacco ,p]ique tobacco is a specially d>k1 ri* v>iety hav+ special qualities :i* r5d] x desirable z a compon5t 9 pipe smok+ mixtures1 or = /raight smok+4 ,g5u9e ,p]ique is gr[n & prep>$ only 9 ! ,p>i% ( ,/4 ,james 9 ! ,/ate ( ,l\isiana by ! desc5dants ( ! old ,fr5* ,coloni/s4 ,! prop]ties :i* x possesses are ess5tially due to ! peculi> me?od ( cur+ & f]m5tation & n to any peculi>ity 9 ! leaf itself4 ,x is ! only tobacco 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates t is gr[n & put 9 its f9al condition = ! consum] by ! f>m]4 ,x is said t ! output ( g5u9e ,p]ique is small1 be+ well "u #ej1jjj lbs4 annually4 ,b !re is a good deal ( sub/itute ,p]ique sold 9 lieu ( ! g5u9e k9d4 ,! tobacco is rais$ on a black1 deep1 exce$+ly ri* soil4 ,! leaf is m$ium 9 size1 ab\t #ah long1 & a rapid gr[]4 ,! /em is small1 ! fib] t\gh & gummy4 ,9 cur+ no artificial heat is us$4 ,! leaf is hung 9 %$s = ab\t #aj days4 ,x is !n /ripp$ into half leaves4 ,^! are tak5 9 bundles ( ab\t #bj ea* & conv]t$ into r\gh twi/s4 ,a doz5 or s twi/s are pack$ 9 a box #aa squ>e ! weight be+ ab\t #ej lbs4 ,! cont5ts ( ! box are !n submitt$ to a pressure ( ab\t #gjjj lbs4 = at lea/ #bd h\rs4 ,! tobacco is !n tak5 out & ! twi/s aga9 op5$ up4 ,! leaves are expos$ to ! air & sunlight until an exudate appe>s on !m & is reabsorb$4 ,?is is done ov] & ov] aga9 = at lea/ #aj days or until 9 appe>ance ! tobacco is q black4 ,t is to say ! cur+ ( ,p]ique is accompli%$ by all[+ x to soak its own juice & !n submitt+ to heavy pressure & repeat+ ?is process sev]al times4 ,:5 ! leaf is cur$ x is made into rolls or c>ottes4 ,a cotton clo? #bd x #ah is tak5 & cov]$ ) leaves4 ,o!rs are spread crosswise ov] ^!4 ,!n roll$ & a ?9 rope is w\nd v tightly ab\t ea* bundle or c>otte4 ,?is process l ! cur+ is repeat$ ov] & ov] aga94 ,"o man c h&le ab\t #aj c>ottes 9 a day1 ! weight be+ ab\t #d lbs4 ea*4 ,p]ique is consid]$ to h a f9] aroma ?an any o!r pipe smok+ tobacco & its pres5ce 9 a mixture is at once detect$ by ! exp]i5c$ smok]4 ,x is said to conta9 only #a_/d ( ! citric acid1 #a_/b ( ! nitric acid & #f times z mu* acetic acid z tobacco cur$ 9 air4 ,! resultant aroma is ri* & fragrant1 & ! ta/e is smoo?1 delicate & agreeable4 ,x is also claim$ t x /imulates ! bra9 )\t 9 any way be+ hurtful to ! dige/ive or n]v\s sy/ems4 ,:5 ! c>ottes are f9ally made x is usual to leave !m "u pressure = at lea/ #ab mon?s4 ,! aroma is said to improve z ! tobacco gr[s old]4 ,x has be5 /at$ above t mu* ( ! ,p]ique tobacco is a sub/itute = ! g5u9e4 ,?is sub/itute is made by tak+ inf]ior leaf & submitt+ x to a simil> process1 i4 e41 pressure & oxidation repeat$ly4 ,! process is abridg$ b a black tobacco results p>ticul>ly :5 c]ta9 d>k5+ +r$i5ts are add$4 ,! moral is if y want g5u9e ,p]ique be sure :]e y get x1 & don't grudge ! price4 ,,*ew+ ,,tobacco ,! p>ticul> qualities requir$ 9 leaf = ?is purpose are t\ghness1 sweetness ( ta/e1 & a ri*ness 9 oils & gums4 ,suitable leaf hav+ be5 select$ ! leaf is cut & m\ld$ into small plugs or *ews :i* are put up 9 boxes = ! m>ket4 ,flavor+ ess5ces are ( c\rse pl5tifully us$4 ,z well z plug1 *ew+ tobacco may be ( ! v>iety kn[n z twi/1 ! leaves be+ spun & twi/$ 9 a cont9u\s roll4 ,! plug consi/s ( a wrapp] & fill] l ! cig>1 ! bright] & bett] grades ( leaf be+ us$ z wrapp]s4 ,burley leaf & ! yell[ leaf tobacco ( ,virg9ia1 ,k5tucky & ! ,c>ol9as are pr9cipally us$4 ,! sub/ances us$ = flavor+ are liquorice1 cane sug>1 maple sug>1 molasses1 & rum1 pr9cipally4 ,! plugs are pack$ 9 boxes ( #gb lbs4 ea*1 & also small] boxes ( #aj & #ab lbs4 ea*4 ,! pr9cipal c5t]s ( ! manufacture ( pipe smok+ & *ew+ tobacco are ,miss\ri 7,/4 ,l\is72 ,nor? ,c>ol9a 7,durham & ,w9/on72 ,k5tucky 7,l\isville72 ,new ,j]sey 7,j]sey ,city72 ,virg9ia 7,ri*mond7 & ,ohio 7,c9c9nati74 ,!re are altoge!r ab\t #djj e/abli%m5ts employ+ ab\t #bj1jjj p]sons1 & ! value ( ! product is ov] #ajj million doll>s annually4 ,?is class ( products is by its nature m suitable = conc5tration ( manufacture ?an ei!r cig>s or cig>ettes4 ,h5ce ! small numb] ( e/abli%m5ts4 ,only ab\t #aj million lbs4 ( manufactur$ tobacco is export$4 7,see ref]5ces end ( ,*apt] ,,xv7 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,cig>ettes ,,/ati/ics4 ,,k9ds ,,& ,,:]e ,,made4 ,,import$ ,,cig>ettes4 ,,dome/ic ,,cig>ettes4 ,,cig>ette ,,pap]s4 ,,cig>ettes ,a cig>ette accord+ to ! mean+ ( ! ^w is a small cig>4 ,x consi/s ( a roll ( loose tobacco wrapp$ 9 a case ( ei!r pap] or tobacco-leaf4 ,9 ! latt] case x is kn[n z an all-tobacco cig>ette4 ,s9ce ! introduction ( cig>ette mak+ ma*9]y ! output ( cig>ettes 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates has gr[n enorm\sly4 ,?is w be se5 f ! foll[+ figures :i* repres5t ! output ( cig>ettes = ! pa/ #be ye>s3 ,numb] ( cig>ettes ,ye> manufactur$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #ahij #b1jjj1jjj1jjj #ahie #c1ejj1jjj1jjj #aijj #d1jjj1jjj1jjj #aije #f1ejj1jjj1jjj #aiaj #g1jjj1jjj1jjj ,^! figures tak5 f ,gov]nm5t ,reports are giv5 9 r\nd numb]s4 ,!y include little cig>s :i* =m ab\t #ae ( ! totals4 ,ab\t "o-?ird is at pres5t export$4 ,9 addition to ! manufactur$ cig>ettes !re is1 ( c\rse1 ! l>ge am\nt ( cig>ettes made directly by ! smok] himself4 ,!re are only ab\t #ejj e/abli%m5ts 9 ! :ole ,u4 ,s4 engag$ 9 cig>ette manufacture & ab\t t5 ( ^! manufacture f\r times z _m z all ! re/ toge!r4 ,!re w\ld 9 fact be few] factories except = ! popul>ity ( c]ta9 br&s ( h&-made cig>ettes4 #ie ( ! total output is made 9 #d cities1 i4 e41 ,new ,york1 ,durham1 ,n4 ,c42 ,ri*mond1 ,va42 & ,new ,orleans4 ,new ,york ,city alone manufactures ab\t #fj ( ! :ole2 ,ri*mond ab\t #af2 ,new ,orleans ab\t #aj & ,durham ! balance4 ,e c\ntry manufactures its own peculi> br& ( cig>ettes4 ,! be/ kn[n & mo/ popul> k9ds ( cig>ettes are ^? kn[n z ,virg9ian1 ,turki%1 ,havana1 ,porto ,rican1 ,mexican1 ,russian & ,philipp9e4 ,! ,havana1 ,porto ,rican1 ,mexican & ,philipp9e cig>ettes are usually ( ! all-tobacco k9d--! o!rs be+ pap] wrapp$4 ,!y are g5]ally made f ! cutt+s & small] leaves ( cig> leaf tobacco4 ,turki% cig>ettes are celebrat$ all ! _w ov]4 ,! "n is h[ev] mo/ly a misnom]1 = ne>ly all ! s-call$ ,turki% cig>ettes prop] are made 9 ,egypt1 ,greece1 etc41 & n 9 ,turkey4 ,9 ,egypt1 h[ev]1 ! be/ ,turki% cig>ettes are made f tobacco gr[n 9 ,turkey 79 ,europe7 :i* is import$1 z no tobacco is gr[n 9 ,egypt4 ,! peculi> flavor ( ,egyptian ,turki% cig>ettes is due to special me?ods kn[n only to ! mak]s !re4 ,! crop ( ,turki% tobacco1 p>ticul>ly ( ! bett] k9ds suitable = cig>ettes1 is small & less ?an half ( x is export$4 ,! supply ( g5u9e ,turki% cig>ette tobacco is1 !re=e1 /rictly limit$ & does n f9d its way into ord9>y *annels4 ,mu* ( s-call$ ,turki% tobacco comes f ,*9a1 & o!r p>ts ( ,asia4 ,f ,turkey1 9 ,europe1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates annually imports at pres5t ab\t t5 million lbs41 ! actual gov]nm5t figures = #aiac be+ #aj1haf1jdh lbs4 valu$ at ab\t #e-a_/b million doll>s4 ,f ,turkey 9 ,asia ! imports 9 #aiab 7 #aa1bcc1edf lbs41 & 9 #aiac1 #ah1iee1bie1 ?is latt] be+ valu$ at ne>ly #e million doll>s4 ,x does n foll[ t all ?is latt] is ,turki%4 ,x 0 probably 9 l>ge "p collect$ f di/ant po9ts & %ipp$ f ports 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,! imports ( ,turki% tobacco dur+ #aiad are consid]ably r$uc$ on acc\nt ( ! w>4 ,"o ,am]ican company :i* does an imm5se bus9ess 9 ! cig>ette l9e ma9ta9s at ,cavallo a l>ge e/abli%m5t = ! direct pur*ase & treatm5t ( its own ,turki% leaf4 ,?is plant h&les ab\t #f million lbs4 ( leaf annually4 ,! ,am]ican smok] ( home-made ,turki% cig>ettes has ! advantage ( kn[+ t 8 leaf is g5u9e & b\ght economically4 ,! mo/ valu$ k9d ( ,turki% tobacco is t gr[n 9 ! ,caza ( ,y5idji on ! ,v>d> ,riv] region 9 ,r\melia4 ,! ,latakia tobacco gr[n 9 ! hilly "p ( ,nor!rn ,syria is also celebrat$ z a cig>ette tobacco4 ,?is tobacco has a l[ nicot9e p]c5tage 7less ?an "o p] c5t7 & its peculi> aroma is due to its exposure = ne>ly #f mon?s to ! smoke ( ! tree kn[n z ,qu]cus ,ilex4 ,v *oice p>cels ( ^! tobaccos fet* 9 ! op5 m>ket f #c to #e p] lb42 l[] grades are b\ght f #be;c p] lb4 & up4 ,! be/ kn[n grades ( cig>ettes made f g5u9e ,turki% leaf are ! ,la ,f]me ( ,leipzig & ,/4 ,pet]sburg2 ! ,ne/or & ,mela*r9o ( ,egypt2 ! ,monopol ( ,new ,york2 & ! ,dubec ( ,ri*mond4 ,9 ! ,turki% h&-made cig>ette !re is no flavor+ ( any k9d4 ,9 ,europe ! ,turki% cig>ettes are usually made by ,greeks :o are special adepts at ?is "w4 ,! pap] wrapp]s are import$ f ,france or ,au/ria4 ,! native cig>ette mak]s z a rule bl5d _! own leaf & cut or %r$ x by h&4 ,an exp]t workman c make ab\t #c1jjj cig>ettes p] day4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,turki% cig>ettes are ( two k9ds1 import$ & dome/ic4 ,! import$ include ^? pur*as$ already made f ,egypt1 ,engl&1 ,france1 etc4 ,9 #aiac ! value ( cig>ettes pur*as$ directly by ! ,u4 ,s4 f ,egypt 0 ab\t #be1jjj & f ,engl& #bb1jjj1 o!r c\ntries less4 ,9 #aiad ! total co/ ( import$ cig>ettes 7n includ+ ^? f ,philipp9e ,isl&s7 0 #gi1eed4 ,! value ( su* trade is1 !re=e1 n l>ge4 ,! ,turki% cig>ettes made 9 ! ,/ates are t]m$ ,dome/ic ,turki%1 & are usually h&-made1 ?\gh n by any means exclusively s4 ,x appe>s to be no?+ m ?an an idiosyncrasy to consid] t a h&-made cig>ette is bett] ?an a ma*9e-made "o4 ,z 9 ! case ( cig>s1 o!r ?+s be+ equal x w\ld appe> t on _m consid]ations1 hygi5ic z well z me*anical1 ! balance is 9 favor ( ! ma*9e4 ,h[ev]1 _m /ill ?9k !re is "s peculi> talismanic virtue 9 a h&-made cig>ette & are will+ to pay a high] price4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 a pleasure 9 mak+ "o's own cig>ettes1 b :5 !y are b\ght made ! advantage ( h&-mak+ is n v app>5t4 ,!re are _m v>iants ( ! ,turki% cig>ette4 ,besides ! common pap] wrapp$ v>iety "s h fill]s ( ,turki% tobacco ) ,havana or ,virg9ia leaf wrapp]2 o!rs h mix$ fill]s ( ,turki%1 ,virg9ia1 ,havana or ,p]ique1 two or m or all k9ds be+ mix$4 ,ea* type ( cig>ette has its own special vot>ies4 ,cig>ettes ( ?is v>iety are n1 h[ev]1 s popul> 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates z 9 o!r c\ntries :]e ! cig>ette is ! mo/ pron\nc$ type smok$4 ,! ,am]ican cig>ette is g5]ally made ( ,yell[ ,virg9ian tobacco & is popul> all ! _w ov]4 ,! secret ( success 9 good cig>ette mak+ lies 9 ! selection & bl5d+ ( ! leaf s t ! prop] /r5g? & *>act]i/ics may be secur$4 ,z a g5]al rule no adult]ants ( any k9d are add$ to ! tobacco except 9 "s ( ! v *eap k9ds 9 :i* ! leaf is sometimes treat$ ) a glyc]9e solution 9 ord] to give x a sweeti% ta/e4 ,! solution is q h>mless4 ,! ma*9]y = ! manufacture ( cig>ettes has be5 br\ght to su* p]fection t x is q automatic4 ,! only h& "w requir$ is ! fe$+ ( ! tobacco into ! hopp]s4 ,! cutt+1 roll+1 wrapp+1 tipp+ & pack+ are all done q me*anically1 ! cig>ettes be+ turn$ out all ready = ! smok]4 ,9 ! l>ge factories ! processes are "u /rict hygi5ic conditions1 :i* is n usually ! case 9 ! small work%ops :]e ! h&-made goods are prep>$4 ,! v>i\s ma*9es us$ 9 ! manufactur+ processes are highly complicat$ & a detail$ description ( !m w\ld be too te*nical = ^! pages4 ,! pap] us$ = wrapp+ cig>ettes has frequ5tly be5 ! subject ( mo/ unw>rant$ attacks & ! mo/ absurd /atem5ts h be5 made reg>d+ x4 ,inve/igation & analysis ( ! pap] us$ 9 ! v *eape/ grades ( cig>ettes by compet5t au?orities h fail$ to f9d any?+ delet]i\s to heal?4 ,! pap] us$ = ?is purpose is made pr9cipally 9 ,france4 ,x is ( ! k9d kn[n z rice pap] al?\gh x has no connection :atev] ) rice4 ,x is a vegetable sub/ance be+ made usually f ! membranes ( ! bread fruit tree or else f f9e trimm+s ( flax & hemp4 ,! mat]ials are ?or\ghly wa%$ & treat$ ) lime & soda be=e & aft] pulp+4 ,c>eful analysis are made to see t no?+ is left t might be h>mful & ! manufactur]s use ! greate/ c>e & judgm5t to see t _! product is z pure & p]fect z possible z x is _! int]e/ t x %\ld be s4 ,! pap] is extremely ?9 & light1 v combu/ible1 & gives (f v little smoke4 ,^! are ! only qualities necess>y & !re is n ! lea/ reason to use any h>mful +r$i5ts1 z ! requir$ qualities c be obta9$ by ! ord9>y manufactur+ processes4 ,moreov]1 ! be/ pap] c be manufactur$ & suppli$ at a v l[ co/4 ,f ,france ! ,unit$ ,/ates annually imports ab\t #ejj1jjj wor? ( cig>ette pap] & f ,au/ria ab\t #abj1jjj wor?4 ,mo/ manufactur$ cig>ettes h a protective tip at ! m\? end4 ,?is n only keeps ! cig>ette intact b prev5ts ! tobacco f be+ wett$ by ! saliva4 ,z already /at$1 nicot9e is soluble 9 wat]1 & its entrance to ! m\? 9 ?is =m is ?us obviat$4 ,! tips are made ( v>i\s sub/ances1 cork1 /raw1 goldleaf1 *]ry wood1 etc41 9 fact any wat]-pro( sub/ance t is h>mless1 nonadh]5t & smoo? c be us$4 ,cig>ettes mu/ accord+ to ! law ( ! ,u4 ,s4 be put up 9 packages ( #e1 #h1 #aj1 #ae1 #bj1 #ej or #ajj1 & ! packages mu/ n conta9 any lott]y or *ance ticket nor any indec5t picture4 ,mu* criticism1 t is to a l>ge ext5t gr\ndless1 has be5 direct$ aga9/ ! habit ( cig>ette smok+4 ,x has be5 %[n by _m inve/igators t :5 n c>ri$ to excess ! cig>ette is ! safe/ me?od ( us+ tobacco4 ,! read] is ref]r$ to ! rem>ks reg>d+ cig>ettes 9 ! *apt] respect+ ! effect ( tobacco on ! human sy/em2 b x may be z well "h to quote a rec5t editorial f "o ( ! lead+ repres5tative m$ical j\rnals ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! op9ion /at$ 9 :i* %\ld g f> t[>ds remov+ ! absurd prejudice aga9/ ! cig>ette4 ,f ! ,new ,york ,m$ical ,j\rnal ( ,july #be1 #aiad 7,editorial73 ,p>ticul>ly d ! un9=m$ enjoy an attack on ! cig>ette2 x is *eap2 x is small2 & its patrons1 num]\s z !y are1 yet =m an insignificant m9ority 9 our imm5se population4 ,!re=e1 ! cig>ette & its us]s are fair game = *eap & silly sne]s2 sne]s :i* are capable1 h[ev]1 ( c[+ an entire legislature1 z 9 ,georgia at ?is mom5t4 ,yet1 beyond cavil1 x has be5 prov$ sci5tifically t ( all me?ods ( us+ tobacco1 cig>ette smok+ is ! lea/ h>mful4 ,"s mon?s ago ! ,laucet und]took a c>eful laboratory /udy ( ! v>i\s ways ( consum+ tobacco1 ) ! result t x 0 f\nd t ! cig>ettes1 ,egyptian1 ,turki% & ,am]ican1 yield$ ! lea/ am\nt ( nicot9e to ! smoke =m$2 ! cig> came next 9 po9t ( h>mlessness1 :ile ! pipe ov]%ad[$ ! cig> to ! ext5t t f #gj to #ij ( nicot9e 0 said to exi/ 9 its smoke4 ,z to ! pap] ( cig>ettes ! attacks are simply prepo/]\s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,m5 are well )9 _! rights 9 =bidd+ cig>ette smok+ & o!r pleasures & di/ractions to _! employes2 x is ano!r matt] :5 !y seize an opportunity to comp\nd ) vices !y h a m9d to1 by damn+ "o !y're n incl9$ to1 especially :5 ! latt] af=ds solace & recreation to millions p]fectly capable ( judg+ :at is & :at is n good = !m4 ,9 ,europe :]e a good deal ( logical ?9k+ /ill prevails1 !re is probably n "o smok] ( di/9ction 9 any walk ( life :o does n include ! cig>ette 9 8 nicotian armam5t>ium4 7,see ref]5ces end ( ,*apt] ,,xv7 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,snuff ,,h[ ,,made4 ,,qualities4 ,,description ,,( ,,k9ds4 ,,snuff ,a c5tury ago snuff tak+ 0 ! pr9cipal =m 9 :i* tobacco 0 us$4 ,! cu/om p]vad$ all classes ( society & x 0 us$ by bo? sexes4 ,! habit has to a v l>ge ext5t di$ out2 & x is r>ely n[ t "o sees a snuff box 9 use4 ,nev]!less !re is /ill a v l>ge trade 9 snuff manufacture1 & x is us$ v ext5sively 9 _m c\ntries4 ,x w surprise _m to "k t ab\t #bd million lbs4 ( snuff are manufactur$ & us$ annually 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 & t )9 rec5t ye>s ! p]c5tage ( increase 9 ! use ( ?is =m ( tobacco has be5 high] ?an 9 ! case ( cig>1 cig>ette or pipe smok+ k9ds4 ,! value ( ! snuff manufactur$ annually is apprais$ = rev5ue purposes at ab\t #f million doll>s4 ,! process ( ! manufacture ( snuff or tobacco p[d]1 is ess5tially bas$ on long & ?or\gh f]m5tation z all bitt] sub/ances1 acid & ess5tial oils1 z well z a l>ge "p ( ! nicot9e1 mu/ be remov$4 ,/rong1 co>se tobacco is suitable = ! purpose1 ! d>k] types ( ,virg9ian & ,t5nessee tobaccos be+ us$4 ,/rong tobacco does n necess>ily conta9 a high p]c5tage ( nicot9e z is usually suppos$4 ,/r5g? has no?+ to d ) nicot9e cont5t2 b :atev] am\nt ( nicot9e ! tobacco possesses1 at lea/ "o-half mu/ be remov$ by f]m5tation4 ,z a g5]al rule tobacco leaf :i* is at lea/ #b ye>s old is us$ & ?is is submitt$ to a fur!r f]m5tation process ( a special k9d = a p]iod v>y+ f #b to #f mon?s4 ,:5 ! f]m5tation process is complete1 ! tobacco1 :ile /ill 9 leaf & unp[d]$1 is te*nically kn[n z snuff4 ,!re are two pr9cipal k9ds ( snuff & !re are _m v>ieties ( ea* k9d pr9cipally diff]+ 9 flavor & m9or qualities4 ,! two k9ds ( snuff are kn[n z ,wet & ,dry4 ,^! t]ms are due to ! diff]5ce 9 ! mode ( manufacture4 ,9 mak+ wet snuff1 ! tobacco leaves are gr\nd up into gra9 =m be=e ! f]m5tation takes place4 ,x only becomes snuff :5 ! f]m5tation is complet$4 ,9 ! dry k9d ! gr9d+ does n take place until aft] ! f]m5tation is complet$1 :5 ! f]m5t$ leaves are ?or\ghly dri$4 ,! gr9d+ is !n done 9 a mull] simil> to a mort> & pe/le--?is op]ation be+ conduct$ by ma*9]y on a l>ge scale4 ,aft] gr9d+ ! snuff is put ?r\gh a siev+ process & is !n s5t to ! season+ dep>tm5t1 ?us occupy+ f #b to #f mon?s or ev5 long]4 ,v>i\s flavors--att> ( roses & su* l--are add$ to give ! snuff diff]5t sc5ts & flavors4 ,! v>i\s names "u :i* br&s ( snuff are put up are survivals ( names appli$ to snuff made by me?ods no long] 9 vogue3 ,,scot* ,,snuffs are all dry4 ,!re are v>i\s k9ds--/rong1 pla91 sweet1 salt1 high-toa/1 etc4 ,,maccaboy is a semi-wet snuff4 ,,sw$i% ,,snuffs usually conta9 a l>ge p]c5tage ( moi/ure4 ,! gra9s are co>se & usually highly flavor$4 ,snuff tak+ is /ill ext5sive among ! ,sw$i% p4 ,,rappee is a snuff made aft] ! ,fr5* fa%ion4 ,,ref]5ces 7,*apt]s ,,ix to ,,xv7 ,u4 ,s4 ,,dept4 ,,( ,,comm]ce4 ,,bureau ,,( ,,! ,,c5sus4 ,report ( #ac? ,c5sus1 #aiaj4 7,vol4 on ,manufactur]s1 #aiab-aiac47 ,u4 ,s4 ,,dept4 ,,( ,,comm]ce ,,& ,,labor4 ,,bureau ,,( ,,corporations4 ,report ( ! ,commission] ( ,corporations on ! ,tobacco ,indu/ry4 ,vol4 ,i1 #aiji1 ,cont9u$4 ,,iv5s1 ,w4 ,m4 ,brief & argum5t 9 c]ta9 appeals f ! ,circuit ,c\rt ( ,u4 ,s4 = ,s\!rn ,di/rict ( ,new ,york4 7,tobacco ,monopoly1 #aiaa47 ,,hoagl&1 ,i4 ,g4 ,! ,tobacco ,indu/ry4 ,9 ,qu>t]ly ( ! ,national ,fire ,protection ,assn41 #aijg4 ,vol4 ,i1 ,nos4 #b & #d4 ,,jacob/e91 ,m4 ,! ,tobacco ,indu/ry 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,new ,york1 #aijg4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,smok+ ,,pipes ,,hi/ory4 ,,mat]ials ,,us$ ,,9 ,,mak+4 ,,me]s*aum4 ,,bri> ,,root4 ,,amb]4 ,,special ,,k9ds ,,( ,,pipes4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,pipes4 ,,pipes ,! hi/ory ( tobacco smok+ pipes began ) ! discov]y ( tobacco by ! ,spani>ds4 ,h[ long be=e t ev5t !y 7 us$ is n kn[n1 b t !y 7 us$ by ! ,indians & o!rs = a long p]iod is q cle> f _m items ( evid5ce4 ,! read] :o desires in=mation conc]n+ pre-,columbian tobacco pipes is ref]r$ to ! ,pipes & smok+ cu/oms ( ! ,am]ican ,aborig9es1 by ,j4 ,d4 ,mc,quire1 bas$ on ! mat]ial 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,national ,museum #ahhi1 & o!r simil> ar*aological works4 ,! fir/ m5tion ( pipes 9 lit]ature appe>s to h be5 made by ,ovi$o 9 #aece 9 8 "w ,la hi/oria g5]al de las ,indias 7,"p #a74 ,9 ?is !re is a small wood cut :i* is ! olde/ kn[n picture ( a pipe4 ,?is pipe 0 %ap$ l a ,y--! two ends ( :i* 7 plac$ 9 ! nose & ! tobacco leaves 9 ! /em4 ,! smoke 0 inhal$4 ,ovi$o says t ?is pipe 0 call$ ,tabaca f :i* ! "n tobacco 0 probably d]iv$4 ,admiral ,john ,hawk9s 0 ! fir/ to m5tion ! pipe 9 ,engli% lit]ature 9 #aefd4 ,raleigh's fam\s smok+ feat did n take place until #aehf4 ,! ,indian pipes 7 pr9cipally ( clay & ?is mat]ial 0 us$ 9 ,engl& = ! fir/ pipes made !re & cont9u$ 9 sole use = ab\t #bej ye>s4 ,f ,engl& x came to ,new ,engl&1 ) ! fir/ coloni/s4 ,! ,spani>ds ( ,s\? ,am]ica did n g5]ally use pipes4 ,me]s*aum z a pipe mak+ mat]ial 0 n kn[n 9 ,europe till #agbc4 ,x came ab\t 9 ?is way3 ,!re 0 !n 9 ,pe/h 7,au/ria-,hung>y7 an hone/ old %oemak]1 ,k>l ,k[ates1 :o1 :5 he 0 n mak+ or m5d+ %oes1 made pipes4 ,c\nt ,&rassy 0 "o ( 8 pipe patrons4 ,! ,c\nt :ile on a mission to ,turkey 9 #agbc 0 pres5t$ ) a lump ( me]s*aum4 ,! lightness & porosity ( ! mat]ial sugge/$ to him t x w\ld be a v suitable sub/ance = a pipe b[l & on 8 return to ,pe/h he h&$ ! lump to ,k>l to make a pipe ( x4 ,x seems ,k>l made two1 "o = ! ,c\nt & "o = himself4 ,b ,k>l did m ?an t4 ,! nature ( 8 %oe "w made 8 h&s waxy & he notic$ t :]ev] ! pipe 0 wax$ by 8 h&s x turn$ into spots ( cle> br[n color4 ,he ?us discov]$ ! color+ qualities ( me]s*aum4 ,k>l's fir/ pipe is /ill pres]v$ 7x is said7 at ,pe/h4 ,! new mat]ial became v popul> & x spread f ,au/ria all ov] pipe-smok+ ,europe4 ,wood5 pipes d n appe> to h come into use till ! e>ly "p ( ! #ai? ,c5tury4 ,!re is a good deal ( int]e/+ lore conc]n+ e>ly clay pipes into :i* x is n propos$ to ent] "h4 ,x w be int]e/+1 h[ev]1 to note t 9 ,william ,p5n's l& transactions ) ! ,indians1 #cjj clay pipes 7probably ,engli% make7 7 "o ( ! articles ( b>t]4 ,! e>lie/ clay pipe /ems 7 ab\t #i in*es long4 ,! long /em pipes ) glaz$ ends 7 introduc$ ab\t ! ye> #agjj & 7 kn[n z ,ald]m54 ,! pipe kn[n z ! ,*ur*w>d5 ) a v long1 ?91 curv$ /em :i* 0 typical ( a leisurable smoke did n come into use till ab\t #ahai4 ,9 ^? days smok]s did n commonly c>ry pipes ar\nd ) !m4 ,:5 a man arriv$ at an inn or tav]n he ord]$ a pipe & tobacco1 j z he ord]$ 8 d9n]4 ,! ,cutty or ,ab]de5 ) ! %ort /em 01 h[ev]1 us$ by ^? :o ne$$ a pocket pipe4 ,x is v surpris+ h[ little *anges ! pipe has und]gone4 ,! orig9al pipe 0 a simple b[l & /em1 & ! be/ pipe today is a pla9 b[l & /em2 = al?\gh hundr$s ( devices & all k9ds ( pat5ts h be5 tri$1 ! true smok] pref]s ! simple pla9 pipe :i* (f]s no ob/acle to ! cle> draw+ ( ! smoke f ! burn+ tobacco4 ,! mat]ials us$ = pipes diff] 9 v>i\s c\ntries4 ,pipes are made ( clay1 porcela91 wood1 metal1 glass1 ivory1 horn1 cane1 bamboo1 /one1 etc4 ,!re is no kn[n mat]ial :i* 9 ! op9ion ( smok]s equals g5u9e me]s*aum z a mat]ial = pipes4 ,?is is on acc\nt ( its lightness1 its coolness1 its absorb+ qualities & its capabilities ( high poli% & assumption ( a beautiful color :5 us$ f soak+ ! ess5tial oils ( ! tobacco4 ,its friability1 h[ev]1 r5d]s x m suitable = use z a home pipe ?an = a "w-a-day pipe4 ,= ! "w-a-day & knock-ab\t pipe ! wood5 pipe ) %ort /em is )\t a rival4 ,! qualities :i* are ess5tial = a wood5 pipe are _m & x is difficult if n impossible to get any mat]ial t w answ] all ( !m4 ,! wood = su* a pipe mu/ be h>d & practically incombu/ible1 yet light4 ,x mu/ be sapless & inodor\s s t :5 heat$ ! fragrance ( ! tobacco w\ld n be m+l$ ) t ( ! wood & be lo/4 ,9 addition x mu/ be a good absorb]1 cool & h beauty ( gra9 & be susceptible ( a high poli% & mu/ n be brittle4 ,! wood kn[n z bri> root possesses ^! qualities to a great] ext5t ?an any o!r wood kn[n4 ,x w be describ$ 9 m detail lat]4 ,myall1 a native ,au/rian wood ( a v d>k color1 h>d & ( good gra9 has _m excell5t qualities = pipes1 b is brittle4 ,maple1 junip] & *]ry & sev]al o!r woods are us$ to a limit$ ext5t4 ,,me]s*aum ,me]s*aum is a light1 por\s1 clayey sub/ance compos$ ( magnesium1 oxyg5 & silicon4 ,x is *emically describ$ z a hydrat$ silicate ( magnesia & its *emical =mula is ,mg,si#b,o#d #b;,h#b,o4 ,! ^w me]s*aum is compos$ ( two ,g]man words1 i4 e41 ,me]1 ! sea2 & ,s*aum1 foam1 & lit]ally means ! foam ( ! sea4 ,a popul> belief be+ t ! sub/ance 0 petrifi$ sea foam4 ,! circum/ances "u :i* me]s*aum came to be us$ = smok+ pipes h already be5 detail$4 ,me]s*aum occurs z a m9]al m or less scatt]$ all ov] ! _w1 b ! l>ge/ quantities & probably ! be/ qualities occur 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! m9]al is f\nd 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,o!r m9es occur 9 ,spa91 ,greece & ,morocco4 ,! pr9cipal m9es 9 ,asia ,m9or are situat$ ab\t #bej miles s\?we/ ( ,con/ant9ople1 on ! pla9s ( ,eski%ahr4 ,me]s*aum has be5 9 use = sundry purposes 9 ! ,ori5t = _m c5turies & ! m9es ( ,asia ,m9or h be5 work$ = at lea/ #a1jjj ye>s4 ,! result is t !y are n[ approa*+ exhau/ion4 ,! area 9 :i* ! m9]al occurs pr9cipally is small1 ab\t six squ>e miles1 & 9 ?is area _m ?\s&s ( pits are work$4 ,! soil is alluvial & 9 ^! deposits ! me]s*aum is f\nd 9 s(t lumps & nodules hav+ no def9ite or regul> %ape4 ,x also occurs 9 ve9s among ! ,s]p5t9e rocks & m>ls4 ,al?\gh x is s(t :5 tak5 out ( ! gr\nd x rapidly h>d5s :5 expos$ to ! air4 ,x is r\ghly %ap$ & clean$ at ! m9es & f !nce s5t to ! deal]s :o fur!r prep>e x by wax+ & poli%+ & put x on ! m>ket 9 ! conditions 9 :i* x rea*es ! pipe mak]s4 ,! pr9cipal ,european depots = me]s*aum are ,con/ant9ople & ,vi5na4 ,x is usually pack$ 9 boxes conta9+ ab\t #ej lbs4 ea* & sells = f #ej;c to #d4jj p] lb4 ,! lumps on rea*+ ! manufactur]s are fir/ cut ) a b& saw into suitable siz$ blocks accord+ to ! size & %ape ( ! pipes desir$4 ,^! blocks are !n ?or\ghly soak$ 9 wat] until !y are ?or\ghly saturat$4 ,! soak+ r5d]s ! mat]ial s(t & soapy & gives x ! consi/5cy ( *eese1 s t x is !n easily %ap$ into ! desir$ =m :i* ! pipe is to take4 ,x is !n dri$ & h>d5$ aga9 & on completion ! b[l is holl[$ out & ! /em drill$4 ,if ! pipe is a pla9 "o )\t c>v+ x is f9i%$ on a la! & fil$ ready = poli%+4 ,x is also ?read$ = ! m\?piece4 ,! pipe is !n s5t to ! dry+ room = su* "t z is necess>y to expel all moi/ure4 ,! f9al treatm5t = ! smoo?+ ( ! surface is done by f9e s&pap] & o!r special sub/ances1 !n imm]s+ 9 melt$ :ite beeswax = ?ree to five m9utes & f9ally ! giv+ ( a high poli% ) precipitat$ *alk1 cotton & flannel be+ ! usual rubb+ mat]ials us$4 ,me]s*aum by its nature is p>ticul>ly adapt$ = c>v+4 ,! h& c>v+ ( su* pipes requires arti/ic & dext]\s craftsm51 :o are exp]ts 9 ?is p>ticul> class ( "w4 ,!re are v>i\s imitations ( me]s*aum4 ,"o is made f burnt gypsum soak$ ) lime 9 a solution ( gum arabic4 ,?is =ms a h>d1 creamy pla/] & is capable ( receiv+ a highly smoo? & poli%$ m>ble-l surface4 ,ano!r =m ( imitation is made ( a h>d5$ pla/] ( ,p>is highly poli%$ & t9t$ 9 a solution ( gamboge & dragon's blood1 be+ aft]w>ds treat$ ) p>aff9 or /e>ic acid4 ,all *eap] grades ( me]s*aum pipes1 hold]s1 etc41 are made ( ?is or simil> comp\nds & x is v h>d = ! av]age smok] to di/+ui% !m z ! ord9>y te/s w n suffice4 ,! absorption & color+ qualities are ab\t ! same4 ,su* imitations co/ ab\t half z mu* z ! g5u9e article or ev5 sometimes less4 ,x %\ld be add$ t ! *ips & du/ result+ f ! work+ ( ! g5u9e me]s*aum are bond$ toge!r ) a solution & m\ld$ & ?is is also sold z me]s*aum4 ,! numb] ( g5u9e me]s*aum pipes annually manufactur$ is probably mu* less ?an "o-half a million1 :ile !re are probably ?ree or f\r times z _m imitations4 ,,bri> ,,root ,z we h se5 bri> root is f\nd to be ! mo/ suitable wood = pipe smok+4 ,! ^w bri> is n nam$ f wild bri>4 ,! ^w is a corruption ( ! ,fr5* "n ,la ,bruy]e1 mean+ ! hea!r %rub ( t "n :i* gr[s along ! ,m$it]ranean coa/ ( ,france1 ,spa9 & neighbor+ c\ntries4 ,x is ! root ( ?is %rub :i* is ! sub/ance us$4 ,! %rub is especially cultur$ = ! purpose ( pipe mak+2 b ! area 9 :i* ! be/ bri> root gr[s is v limit$4 ,x takes consid]able "t & ! result is t ! supply ( ! mo/ suitable wood is f> bel[ ! dem&4 ,! cultivation ( ! bri> root is a simple matt]4 ,x consi/s m]ely 9 prun+ ! gr[? z mu* z possible s z to enc\rage & /r5g!n ! roots4 ,! v be/ qualities ( bri> root come f ,corsica & ! neighborhood ( ,leghorn4 ,x is v f9ely gra9$1 h>d & t\gh1 does n *> & heats sl[ly4 ,:5 full gr[n & ready = ! m>ket ! wood is r\gh sawn into blocks1 v>y+ 9 size f #c in*es squ>e up1 accord+ to ! m>ket sizes requir$1 & all[$ to season4 ,:5 fully season$ ! blocks are pack$ 9 boxes ea* conta9+ f #bjj to #cjj ( ^! blocks4 ,!y are !n s5t to ! deal]s or direct to ! pipe factories z ! case may be4 ,9 ! factory ! blocks are sort$ & !n und]go a sweat+ process 9 /eam vats = t5 to twelve h\rs4 ,?is /eam+ gives ! wood ! famili> br[n-yell[ t9t ( ! natural bri> root uncolor$4 ,aft] sweat+ ! blocks are s5t to ! dry+ room z all traces ( moi/ure mu/ be remov$4 ,?is usually takes sev]al mon?s4 ,= pipe mak+ ! workman selects 8 block & r\ghly trims x to size4 ,x is !n plac$ 9 ! fraz+ ma*9e4 ,?is usually has ?ree cutt]s revolv+ at v high spe$1 mak+ sev]al ?\s& revolutions p] m9ute4 ,! c5t] cutt] %apes out ! block & ! out] knives cut away ! wood on ! outside s z to =m ! block r\ghly into ! %ape ( a pipe b[l & /em4 ,?is is !n plac$ 9 a special la! = cutt+ irregul> =ms4 ,x is usual to fit 9 x a metal patt]n ( ! p>ticul> %ape *os5 = ! pipe4 ,a circul> cutt+ tool is set 9 motion & ! bri> block1 :i* turns ) ! metal patt]n1 is me*anically cut to ! exact %ape ( ! patt]n4 ,aft] cutt+1 ! pipe passes to ! s&pap]+ ma*9es :]e bo? inside & outside are ?or\ghly treat$1 & x gets a fir/ poli%+ or smoo?+ on a pumice /one :eel4 ,! next process is ! bor+ ( ! /em :i* is done 9 a drill+ ma*9e by a /eel wire hav+ a cutt+ top rapidly turn$ by a la!4 ,! ?read on ! end ( ! /em = ! m\?piece is =m$ by a special ma*9e4 ,! pipe is !n ready = poli%]s & f9i%]s4 ,x is fir/ s&pap]$ f\r times1 twice ) r\gh & twice ) f9e on revolv+ :eels4 ,unless ! wood is to be left its natural color1 x is dropp$ into a vat ( /a9 until x acquires ! color desir$4 ,aft] dry+ x is ready = buff+4 ,a buff is a :eel made ( _m lay]s ( clo?1 lea!r1 etc41 :i* revolves v rapidly4 ,= pipe buff+ ^! buffs are usually ,tripoli buff1 %eepsk9 buff1 musl9 & cotton flannel buff4 ,! ,tripoli takes (f any s$im5t held by ! edges ( ! gra94 ,! %eepsk9 buff burns ! color fa/ into ! wood4 ,! musl9 & cotton br+ out ! gra9 & gives ! wood its f9al delicate lu/re & f9i%1 :i* are done :5 ! /em & m\nt+s h be5 put on4 ,! pipes are !n ready = f9al /amp+ ) "n & pack+4 ,! process is mu* ! same ) all o!r h>d woods4 ,pipe factories are f\nd 9 mo/ c\ntries4 ,fr5* bri> pipes are ju/ly celebrat$1 b ! ,am]ican pipes are bett] made4 ,)9 rec5t ye>s calaba% has come into vogue to a l>ge ext5t z a pipe mak+ mat]ial4 ,! calaba% is a ,s\? ,african squa% & has a special s(tness ( flavor4 ,! curv$ /em end ( ! calaba% is us$1 be+ l9$ ) pla/] ( ,p>is1 & q a l>ge trade has sprung up 9 ,s\? ,africa 9 gr[+ calaba% = ! pipe trade1 ! pr9cipal po9t be+ ,cape ,t[n4 ,,! ,,pipe ,,/em ,x is v important t suitable mat]ial be select$ = ! m\?piece ( ! pipe4 ,9 fact f _m po9ts ( view ! m\?piece is ! mo/ important "p ( ! pipe = ! smok]1 because damage to ! lips mu/ be p>ticul>ly avoid$1 & a defective1 r\gh1 or badly made m\?piece is apt to cause damage4 ,!re are ?ree v important qualities :i* ! mat]ial mu/ h3 7#a7 ,x mu/ be h>d en\gh to resi/ ind5tation f ! tee? & yet n feel gritty4 7#b7 ,x mu/ be capable ( receiv+ a p]fectly smoo? surface & ( reta9+ x "u ! action ( saliva4 7#c7 ,x mu/ n be a rapid heat] s t x w n burn ! lips1 or crack or spl9t] "u action ( heat4 ,o!r v desirable qualities are t\ghness1 beauty ( appe>ance & fre$om f ta/e or odor "u all circum/ances ( use4 ,amb] has a unique place 9 fulfill+ ^! conditions4 ,amb] is a fossil gum or res91 ! juice ( p9e trees1 :i* 9 c\rse ( "t has become petrifi$ l coal4 ,amb] is f\nd is v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w1 b is m pl5tifully f\nd along ! s&y %ores ( ,ea/ ,prussia bord]+ on ! ,baltic ,sea4 ,?is area 0 9 "t long pa/ ! site ( p9e =e/s4 ,! amb] is f\nd v (t5 to occur ) lignite or br[n coal4 ,x is dug out ( ! cliffs or m9$ l coal out ( ! gr\nd4 ,sometimes x is wa%$ 9 f ! sea4 ,9 size x v>ies f ! size ( a pea to lumps z l>ge z an orange4 ,:5 fir/ dug up x is usually ( a pale yell[ color1 b ?is becomes d>k] on exposure4 ,! manufacture ( comm]cial amb] is a gov]nm5t monopoly 9 ,prussia4 ,! pieces are all melt$ d[n at a temp]ature ( ab\t #eej deg4 ,f41 & !n aft] purification x is ca/ into slabs ab\t #g_/h in* to #a-e_/h in*es ?ick & f\r in*es to eight in*es long1 9 :i* =m x is sold to deal]s4 ,!re are two qualities1 opaque & transp>5t1 ! opaque be+ ! t\gh]4 ,! co/ v>ies consid]ably1 ! inf]ior k9ds be+ sold = #b4jj p] p\nd1 & ! f9e/ specim5s co/ up to #fj4jj p] p\nd4 ,by f> ! l>ge/ quantity ( amb] us$ = ord9>y pipes is imitation amb]4 ,! manufacture ( ?is is a trade secret4 ,x is s good & fulfills its purpose s well t only exp]ts c di/+ui% x f g5u9e amb]4 ,!re are _m sub/itutes = amb]4 ,good vulcanite1 except = ! matt] ( appe>ance is little inf]ior to amb] z m\?piece mat]ial4 ,cut vulcanite is cool & smoo?1 b m\ld$ vulcanite is liable to be r\gh to ! lips & %\ld be avoid$4 ,vulcanite m\?pieces are usually sold already f9i%$ direct to ! pipe mak]s4 ,except = ! matt] ( brittl5ess unglaz$ clay is a mo/ excell5t pipe /em4 ,clay is usually cool & v absorb5t ( ! acrid oils occurr+ 9 ! di/illation ( tobacco4 ,:5 ! end ( a clay /em is protect$ by a rubb] b&1 x =ms a v good m\?piece4 ,bone & o!r mat]ials are also us$ z m\?pieces4 ,ebonite is us$1 b is objectionable because x spoils ! flavor ( ! tobacco4 ,celluloid is a dang]\s sub/ance & %\ld n be us$ z a pipe /em4 ,! smok] %\ld avoid bit+ ! m\?piece z x r\gh5s x4 ,x is f> bett] to disc>d a m\?piece :5 x becomes ind5t$1 r\gh or worn 9 any way4 ,a damag$ m\?piece %\ld on no acc\nt be us$ :5 ! lips are *app$ or lac]at$ because ! irritation may1 if cont9u$1 lead to ulc]ation & tobacco juice is n b5eficial to sk9 lesions4 ,,special ,,pipes ,g]man pipes are1 z might be expect$1 ! mo/ correct 9 sci5tific pr9ciple4 ,! pipe has two b[ls ! upp] ( :i* is = ! tobacco4 ,?is fits into a socket :i* all[s ! oils & aque\s solutions due to ! di/illation to pass into ! l[] b[l1 v little gett+ into ! /em4 ,! b[ls are usually ( porcela9 & ! long curv$ /em is ( wood mo/ly *]ry4 ,! ,dut* pipe is simil> to ! ,g]man except t ! /em is long & /raight :i* all[s ! b[l to re/ on ! gr\nd4 ,! ,g]man pipe is usually held 9 ! h& by ! l[] b[l4 ,9 ,turkey & ,ori5tal c\ntries ! wat] pipe is us$4 ,?is =m ( pipe orig9at$ 9 ,p]sia4 ,! pipe consi/s ( a receptacle = ! tobacco1 :i* has a p]=at$ bottom4 ,?is hold] fits into a cup f :i* a holl[ tube leads into a j> conta9+ wat]4 ,! tube passes ?r\gh ! /opp] ( ! j> & desc5ds almo/ to ! bottom ( ! wat]4 ,ano!r tube1 ! inhal+ tube1 also passes ?r\gh ! /opp] ( ! j>1 b does n rea* to ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,on draw+ ?r\gh ! inhal] a vacuum is creat$ 9 ! air space above ! surface ( ! wat] 9 ! j> :i* induces suction ?r\gh ! o!r tube bel[ ! wat] level4 ,! smoke !re=e bubbles ?r\gh ! wat] & is cool$ be=e x rea*es ! m\? ( ! smok]4 ,x1 h[ev]1 requires a consid]able am\nt ( ef=t to draw ! smoke ?r\gh4 ,wat] pipes are us$ ext5sively among ! bett] classes ( ! ,ea/4 ,"s ( !m are v gorge\s affairs1 ! b[ls be+ ( ! ri*e/ cry/al & ! fitt+s gold or silv] set ) gems4 ,sometimes !y h sev]al smok+ tubes s z to accommodate m ?an "o smok]4 ,! wat] pipe us$ by ! ,%ah ( ,p]sia is said to be wor? #djj1jjj4jj4 ,9 ,turkey ! wat] pipe is kn[n by ! "n ( ,hookak4 ,9 ,egypt x is call$ ,n>geeleh 7or ,n>ghile7 because ! wat] vessel is usually a cocoa nut = :i* ! ,arabic "n is ,na'rghee'leh4 ,! ,hookak usually /&s on ! floor & is pond]\s1 ) _m smok+ tubes4 ,! ,n>geeleh is a h& pipe4 ,9 ,ea/]n c\ntries1 h[ev]1 besides ! wat] pipe ! ord9>y clay b[l pipe is us$ to a v l>ge ext5t1 be+ fitt$ ) a wood5 /em f #c to #e feet 9 l5g?4 ,all ^! pipes are ess5tially home pipes1 z x is n habitual ) ! ,ea/]n p to smoke except :5 seat$4 ,9 ,*9a bo? sexes commonly smoke pipes--a wat] pipe made ( brass is usually smok$ by ! ri*] classes4 ,! poor] classes use a clay pipe ) a bamboo /em4 ,! pr9cipal importation into ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( =eign made pipes & smok]s' articles is f ,au/ria1 ,engl& & ,g]many4 ,! late/ gov]nm5t /ati/ics %[ t f ,engl& #bgh1jjj1 f ,au/ria ab\t #bhj1jjj1 & f ,g]many ab\t #aci1jjj wor? ( su* goods are annually import$4 ,^! are pr9cipally pipes4 ,cig>ette pap]1 bri> root1 etc41 are n includ$ 9 ^! figures4 ,! total importation value 9 #aiab 7exclusive ( duty7 f ,europe 0 #a1dgh1jjj4 ,,! ,,c>e ,,( ,,pipes ,an exp]i5c$ smok] lays d[n ! foll[+ rules = ! c>e ( pipes4 ,! rules apply :e!r a man uses "o or half a doz5 pipes3 7#a7 ,:5 a pipe is us$ = ! fir/ "t wipe out ! b[l ) a clo?4 ,!n ?or\ghly wet or damp5 x4 ,be=e ! moi/ure evaporates fill ! pipe4 ,light ev5ly & be c>eful n to burn ! rim ) ! light$ mat*4 ,! tobacco be+ damp next ! wood w n r$d5 !re1 h5ce ! wood w n *> b a sooty film w =m4 7#b7 ,a%es %\ld be all[$ to rema9 9 ! pipe till ?or\ghly cool$4 ,!n empti$4 ,! object ( ?is is to all[ ! liquid residue to soak into ! pores ( ! new wood4 7#c7 ,d n scrape ! inn] surface ( ! b[l4 ,! ?9 coat+ ( c>bon 7! cake7 :i* is =m$ on x is a nonconductor ( heat & prev5ts ! wood f ov]heat+ or crack+4 ,x keeps ! pipe cool & is a good absorb]4 7#d7 ,aft] half a doz5 smokes ! rule ( remov+ ! a%es %\ld be rev]s$4 ,!y %\ld be remov$ promptly aft] smok+4 ,bl[ ?r\gh ! m\?piece aft] smok+4 ,by ?is "t ! inn] surface ( b[l is suffici5tly soak$ & coat$ & cont9uation makes x acrid & sodd54 7#e7 ,always all[ y\r pipe to cool & dry be=e resmok+4 ,use pipe clean]s & pipe spoon = clean+4 ,:5 ! cake becomes too ?ick "p ( x may be remov$ b always leave a lay] next ! wood4 ,be c>eful n to scrape ! surface ( ! b[l4 7#f7 ,a pipe %\ld n be us$ cont9u\sly = m ?an a few weeks or a mon?4 ,x %\ld !n be clean$ & all[$ re/ unus$ = a :ile4 ,x is well to all[ x to hang :]e ! sunlight c play on x4 ,acrid matt]s w dry out & ! pipe w be sweet :5 smok$ aga94 ,x is a good plan to pack ! bottom ( ! b[l ) p[d]$ *alk :5 x is re/+4 ,:5 a pipe ta/es acrid x requires m ?an ord9>y clean+4 ,if "o has ! opportunity a mo/ excell5t way is to bl[ /eam ?r\gh x1 fir/ remov+ ! m\?piece4 ,ano!r way recomm5d$ by a smok] :o says x is mo/ efficaci\s is to fit a cork into ! b[l ( ! pipe4 ,make a hole 9 ! cork1 into :i* ! nozzle ( a soda siphon w fit snugly4 ,direct ! m\?piece into "s empty+ vessel & =ce ab\t a w9e glass ( ! soda wat] f ! siphon ?r\gh ! pipe4 ,x w clean x out effectively4 ,if y are smok+ a me]s*aum & desire x to color well & ev5ly x is a good plan to use a false upp] b[l to fit inside ! b[l ( y\r pipe4 ,! rim ( fire :]e ! tobacco is burn+ makes ! pipe b[l too hot & does n all[ t "p to color4 ,! false b[l w prev5t ?is4 ,"s smok]s ?9k t cov]+ a me]s*aum b[l ) *amois w cause x to color well4 ,! *amois w n aid ! color+ b x w protect ! b[l f be+ t\*$ by ! h& dur+ ! process & ?us avoid+ a spotty effect1 p>ticul>ly if ! h& %\ld be moi/ or greasy4 ,dur+ ! progress ( ! color+ ! pipe %\ld nev] be all[$ to get too hot4 ,! "t requir$ to color a pipe dep5ds on ! tobacco us$4 ,if x is a ri* oily tobacco1 ! "t necess>y is %ort] ?an ) a dry tobacco4 ,imitation me]s*aum ( ! *eap] k9d are sometimes artificially color$ by ! mak]s4 ,?is is done by boil+ ! pipe 9 an oily solution ( nicot9e1 ! =mula = :i* z giv5 9 ! ,am]ican ,druggi/1 ,v4 #eh1 is3 ,crude nicot9e 7oil ( tobacco7ounce i4 ,olive oilounce ii4 ,yell[ waxounce viii4 ,! pipe is kept 9 ! boil+ solution f #aj to #ae m9utes & rapidly absorbs x4 ,! surface is capable ( a high poli%4 ,,ref]5ces ,,p5n1 ,w4 ,a4 ,! ,sov]ane ,h]be3 a ,hi/ory ( ,tobacco4 ,london & ,new ,york1 #aija4 ,,fairholt1 ,f4 ,w4 ,tobacco2 its ,hi/ory & ,associations4 ,london1 #ahgf4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,effects ,,( ,,tobacco ,,smok+ ,,on ,,! ,,human ,,sy/em ,,physical ,,effects4 ,,op9ions ,,( ,,m$ical ,,m5 ,,quot$ ,,& ,,discuss$4 ,,effects ,,( ,,tobacco ,,smok+ ,,on ,,! ,,human ,,sy/em ,x is a matt] ( v great importance = ! us] ( tobacco t he %\ld h cle> in=mation reg>d+ ! b5eficial & h>mful effects ( tobacco on ! human m9d & body4 ,!re are v few matt]s :i* h be5 ! subject ( su* v>i$ op9ions2 su* exagg]ation & misconception4 ,^? :o are oppos$ to ! use ( tobacco h n hesitat$ to ascribe to x e =m ( evil1 physical1 m5tal & moral4 ,insanity1 epilepsy1 canc]1 malignant ?roat disease1 bl9dness1 he>t disease & a ho/ ( o!r diseas$ conditions are trac$ to tobacco smok+ by its enemies4 ,on ! o!r h& ! us]s ( tobacco are sc>cely less vehem5t 9 hold+ t no h>mful effects foll[1 b ascrib+ all k9ds ( virtue z result+ f its use4 ,x is n our object 9 ?is *apt] to ju/ify or recomm5d ! use1 or to advise ! avoidance ( tobacco2 we ?9k x is a matt] t ! individual %\ld decide = himself4 ,moreov]1 we ?9k t no g5]al rules gov]n+ all cases c be laid d[n1 b t ea* individual mu/ judge = himself :e!r ! use ( tobacco is ju/ifi$ 9 8 own p>ticul> case or n1 tak+ into consid]ation all ! circum/ances t affect him4 ,! important ?+ is t he %\ld possess cle> & correct in=mation ) reg>d to ! effects ( tobacco z f> z su* h be5 sci5tifically det]m9$2 & f ! obs]vation ( its effects on 8 own organism to det]m9e :e!r 9 8 own case ! practice is b5eficial or o!rwise & to :at ext5t x may be pursu$ if he desires to smoke4 ,we1 !re=e1 purpose to submit ! facts :i* h be5 det]m9$ by ! mo/ c>eful sci5tific inve/igators & o!rs ( high /&+1 :o1 f _! exp]i5ce 9 ! inve/igation ( ! causes ( disease1 are be/ qualifi$ to (f] op9ions :i* may be accept$ z au?oritative4 ,a p]usal ( ! va/ am\nt ( lit]ature bo? = & aga9/ ! use ( tobacco br+s out c]ta9 po9ts v l>gely4 ,fir/1 9 ! case ( ! oppon5ts1 ! mo/ sweep+ /atem5ts are made )\t a p>ticle ( sci5tific pro( 9 support ( !m1 by p]sons :o are 9 no way qualifi$ to make su* /atem5ts4 ,/ati/ics are quot$ mo/ recklessly & accept$ z conclusive1 al?\gh 9 mo/ cases !re is no logical connection betwe5 ! matt] ( ! /ati/ics & ! absolute effects ( tobacco4 ,if !re is a "q ( a c]ta9 condition1 x is n suffici5t to %[ t ! p]son suff]+ f x 0 a us] ( tobacco & to allege1 !re=e1 t tobacco 0 ! cause ( ! condition4 ,x mu/ be %[n conclusively t no o!r circum/ances ?an ! use ( tobacco c\ld h caus$ ?is condition4 ,dr4 ,t4 ,w4 ,j5k9s1 ( ,albany1 ,n4 ,y41 7,new ,york ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 #aiae1 ,v4 #ajb1 p4 #cee71 :o 0 aw>d$ a prize by ?is lead+ m$ical j\rnal = 8 essay on tobacco smok+ says3 ,! fir/ ?+ to be> 9 m9d is t consid]+ ! l>ge am\nt ( tobacco us$ v little h>m results1 & c>e %\ld be tak5 n to incrim9ate tobacco :5 ! tr\bles "u obs]vation may be due to o!r causes4 ,secondly1 among ! inve/igators !mselves :o h made imp>tial inquiries ab\t ! effects ( tobacco1 !re is sometimes a wide diff]5ce ( op9ion 9 ! int]pretation ( results & 9 ! relation ( cause & effect4 ,?us mo/ v>i$ op9ions exi/ on ! subject ( nicot9e4 ,! result is t x is difficult = ! av]age man to come to a satisfactory conclusion on ! subject2 = x _c be said t ! sci5tific k ( ! effects ( tobacco smok+ on ! human sy/em z pres5t$ to u today is f9al or suffici5tly well det]m9$ to enable def9ite & true conclusions to be arriv$ at4 ,?irdly1 !re is ! widespread error ( ascrib+ ! evils ( ! abuses ( tobacco to ! use ( tobacco4 ,?is matt] ( ! use & abuse ( tobacco _c be put too cle>ly4 ,mo/ m$ical inve/igators h bas$ _! results cle>ly on ! excessive use ( tobacco4 ,x is a v r>e ?+ to f9d a m$ical inve/igator draw+ att5tion to any h>mful results foll[+ ! mod]ate use ( tobacco1 & x appe>s a j /atem5t to make t ! majority ( m5 use tobacco 9 mod]ation4 ,x appe>s to be true t excessive smok+ is h>mful & is capable ( produc+ delet]i\s effects on ! respiratory & n]v\s sy/ems 9 man1 b x has nev] be5 sci5tifically prov$ t ! mod]ate use ( tobacco has any p>ticul>ly h>mful effects4 ,moreov]1 x is well-kn[n to ! m$ical pr(ession & s /at$ con/antly t 9 _m cases :]e ! use ( tobacco has produc$ bad effects on ! eye1 n]ves1 etc41 its use is contra-indicat$1 ow+ to ! condition ( ! subject due to o!r causes & t su* results w\ld n occur 9 a normally heal?y subject4 ,!re=e1 because tobacco :5 us$ excessively or :5 us$ by p]sons :o are n con/itutionally fitt$ = x1 produces bad effects1 x is n logical to argue1 z _m oppon5ts ( tobacco smok+ d1 t ! use ( tobacco is univ]sally h>mful4 ,f\r?ly1 ! conclusions arriv$ at by "s inve/igators1 are bas$ on exp]im5ts made on animals1 & x appe>s q op5 to criticism1 & is 9 fact disprov$ by common exp]i5ce1 t su* results w foll[ :5 appli$ to man4 ,h++ on ?is is ! "q ( immunity & tol]ation4 ,! human sy/em w easily aft] use tol]ate effects :i* at fir/ x rebels aga9/4 ,?is may easily be se5 9 muscul> & o!r ef=ts4 ,let a man :o is con/antly lead+ a s$5t>y life sudd5ly walk #aj miles4 ,! result is almo/ pro/ration & he w n recov] f x = a consid]able "t4 ,let him1 h[ev]1 comm5ce by walk+ a mile or two & gradually at ea* walk increase ! di/ance1 & 9 a %ort :ile he w be able to walk #aj miles )\t feel+ any fatigue4 ,simil>ly runn+ or o!r rapid ex]cise to a p]son n us$ to x w produce su* rapid di/urbances 9 ! respiration & circulation z ev5 to be fatal1 :ile ! season$ a?lete may p]=m su* feats )\t ! lea/ ill effects4 ,to take animals or p]sons :o h nev] be=e us$ tobacco & to argue or conclude t ! effects ( tobacco smoke on !m are ! effects ( tobacco on smok]s g5]ally is absurd4 ,yet su* exp]im5tal results are v (t5 made ! basis ( d5unciation ( tobacco smok+4 ,f9ally mo/ inve/igators h made _! inquiries = ! exclusive purpose ( discov]+ ! evil effects ( tobacco smok+4 ,!y proce$ to _! "w ) a biass$ m9d4 ,!y h already assum$ t ! habit is h>mful & !y simply want to f9d out h[ mu* h>m !y c discov]4 ,!y are prejudic$ f ! beg9n+4 ,x is to ?is class ( inve/igator t ,dr4 ,john ,aikman ref]s to 7,new ,york ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 ,oct4 #cj1 #aiae71 :5 he says3 ,9 read+ ! lit]ature on ! use ( tobacco we are impress$ by ! fact t mu* ( x is writt5 by p]sons greatly oppos$ to ! use ( ! plant1 & naturally prejudic$4 ,x is q conceivable t a man may inve/igate ! evil effects :i* foll[ f we>+ clo!s & %oes & he c\ld und\bt$ly f9d "s evil effects2 b ! us]s ( su* articles c\ld v ju/ly say t ! b5eficial results ( su* habits m ?an outweigh$ ! demon/rat$ h>m t might occur4 ,& !n ! us] ( tobacco might say t ! b5eficial effects ( smok+ m ?an comp5sat$ = any slight h>m t may happ54 ,= tobacco has und\bt$ly _m excell5t effects1 & no "o kn[s ?is bett] ?an ! smok] himself4 ,he w readily admit t excess is bad4 ,he w readily admit t ! use ( tobacco is n suitable to immature p]sons1 or 9 fact to _m o!r p]sons1 b he insi/ t 9 ! majority ( cases1 x is n only practically h>mless b t x has _m desirable qualities1 = t is prov$ by 8 own exp]i5ce & ! exp]i5ce ( millions ( o!r smok]s 9 all ages & "u all conditions4 ,we w n[ proce$ to consid] "s ( ! effects :i* h be5 ascrib$ to tobacco smok+ & give express$ op9ions conc]n+ !m4 ,,physical ,,effects ,,( ,,tobacco ,,smok+ ,! pr9cipal delet]i\s effects on ! human sy/em ascrib$ to ! use ( tobacco are3 7a7 ,?roat diseases4 7b7 ,di/urbance ( vision4 7c7 ,he>t tr\bles 7smok]s' he>t74 7d7 ,di/urbance ( ! dige/ive organs 7dyspepsia1 etc474 7e7 ,di/urbance ( ! n]v\s sy/em4 7f7 ,di/urbance ( nutrition4 ,z reg>ds 7a7 ?roat diseases1 ! foll[+ is ! op9ion ( ,dr4 ,h4 ,reik ( ! ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity1 surgeon to ! ,baltimore ,eye1 ,e> & ,?roat ,hospital1 z express$ by him 9 ! ,bo/on ,m$ical & ,surgical ,j\rnal1 ,vol4 #afb1 p4 #hef1 #aiaj3 ,!re is n "o sc9tilla ( evid5ce t malignant disease ( ! ?roat is due 9 any way to ! use ( tobacco2 & if x be admitt$ t c>c9oma 7canc]7 ( ! lip or tongue has be5 produc$ by smok+1 x is cle>ly n tobacco1 b traumatism 7i4 e41 injury7 f ! /ems ( ! pipe or o!r tobacco conta9] t is responsible4 ,x does n appe> or at lea/ has n be5 prov5 t tobacco causes any def9ite *>act]i/ic lesions ( ! nose1 ?roat or e>4 ,dr4 ,reik is a man ( high /&+ 9 ! m$ical pr(ession4 ,8 op9ion is cle> & unmi/akable & x is presum$ he has se5 ?\s&s ( cases ( nose & ?roat diseases & kn[s :at he is talk+ ab\t4 ,dr4 ,reik ref]s to ! "q ( s-call$ smok]s' canc]4 ,canc] is a disease :i* attacks all k9ds ( p & may occur 9 widely diff]5t p>ts ( ! body4 ,! causation ( ?is disease is n kn[n to ! m$ical pr(ession b :at is kn[n ab\t x is t x usually occurs on ! site ( "s previ\s injury4 ,?us canc] may occur on ! tongue z ! result ( ! con/ant irritation ( a jagg$ brok5 too?4 ,dr4 ,i4 ,c4 ,bloodgood 7,bo/on ,m$ical & ,surgical ,j\rnal1 ,no4 #b1 #aiad71 :o has exam9$ #bjj cases ( lip canc] says t smok+ is a common factor1 ! disease :5 occurr+ be+ usually on ! site ( a neglect$ & ulc]at$ smok]'s burn4 ,! burn may be a *>r+ ( ! sk9 due to a v hot pipe /em or burn+ cig> /em4 ,he says1 moreov]1 t if ! burn is n cont9u$ & !re is no o!r injury1 ?is defect may heal )\t evid5ce ( ulc]ation4 ,simil>ly a canc] may be ! result ( cont9ual use ( a brok5 or r\gh pipe /em or f us+ a dirty pipe /em on a brok5 sk94 ,all ^! are cle>ly matt]s :i* ! av]age smok] easily & usually avoids4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 cle> t tobacco itself is 9 no way responsible = canc]1 & no responsible m$ical writ] on ! subject alleges t x is4 ,mo/ ( ! m$ical writ]s :o h inscrib$ injuri\s physical effects on ! n]v\s sy/em1 he>t & s5se organs1 to excessive tobacco smok+ h /at$ t ^! effects are due to ! toxic action ( ! alkaloid nicot9e kn[n to exi/ 9 tobacco4 ,!re is a wide diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 9 ! results obta9$ by diff]5t writ]s z to ! am\nt ( ! nicot9e 9 tobacco :i* f9ds its way ) ! tobacco smoke4 ,moreov]1 "s ( ! inve/igators :o h done v c>eful "w d n consid] t nicot9e is ! toxic elem5t1 b ! sub/ance call$ pyrid9e :i* is d]iv$ f x4 ,dr4 ,bu% 7quot$ bel[7 ref]r+ to ?is matt] says3 ,f a review ( ! lit]ature x w\ld appe> t ext5sive /udies _h be5 made z to ! effects on liv+ organisms ( ! alkaloid1 nicot9e4 ,f su* /udies a great numb] ( writ]s1 especially laym51 h adopt$ ! ha/y conclusion t tobacco smok+ entail$ l results4 ,comp>atively few /udies h be5 made ( ! effects ( tobacco smok+ on human be+s2 & su* z h be5 made fail to /ate if ! tobacco us$ or ! smoke produc$ 0 exam9$ = nicot9e or its cong5]s4 ,! abs5ce ( an exam9ation necess>ily causes "s d\bt 9 ! causative faction ( ! ph5om5a4 ,"s au?ors are r incl9$ to conclude t nicot9e alone is ! pa?og5ic factor 9 tobacco smok+1 b s9ce ! pres5ce ( nicot9e p] se 9 tobacco smoke is debatable & s9ce o!r toxic sub/ances are demon/rable1 x w\ld seem z if ! :ole subject /ill rema9$ op5 = inve/igation4 ,! nicot9e conta9$ 9 ord9>y tobacco1 accord+ to _m au?ors1 ranges f ab\t #a to #h or #i p] c5t4 ,lee's inve/igation 7,j\rnal ( ,physiology1 #aijh1 p4 #cce7 f\nd t ab\t half ( ! total nicot9e 0 pres5t 9 ! smoke--accord+ to ,lee ! pyrid9 seem$ to be entirely )\t influ5ce4 ,lehmann 7,ar*iv fu] ,hygi5e1 #aiji1 p4 #cai7 f\nd t f #hj to #ij ( ! total nicot9e 9 a cig> or cig>ette 0 to be f\nd 9 ! smoke4 ,he f\nd also t 9 ! case ( cig>s ab\t #aj to #ah ( ! nicot9e 9 ! smoke is absorb$ by ! smok] & t cig>ette smoke absorb$ by ! smok] conta9s a less proportion ( ! nicot9e 9 ! tobacco ?an is ! case ) cig>s4 ,! g5]al op9ion is1 h[ev]1 t ab\t "o-sev5? ( ! nicot9e 9 ! tobacco w be f\nd 9 ! smoke4 ,entirely at v>iance ) ^! results are ^? obta9$ rec5tly by ,a4 ,d4 ,bu%1 ,m4,d41 ,in/ructor ( ,physiology 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,v]mont 7,new ,york ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 ,m>* #ad1 #aiad71 & ^? obta9$ 9 ! laboratory inve/igation by ! ,london ,laucet4 ,bu% made long & ext5sive inve/igations on ! effects ( tobacco smok+ & criticis$ ! results ( previ\s work]s4 ,he %[s v cle>ly t 9 _m cases ! conclusions drawn by !m z reg>ds nicot9e conta9$ 9 tobacco smoke are ei!r entirely errone\s or t ! d$uctions made f ! inve/igations 7 n w>rant$ by ! facts obs]v$4 ,he po9ts out ! fact t mo/ writ]s on ! subject h ov]look$ ! fact ( ! great discrepancy betwe5 ! possible effects aris+ f ! adm9i/ration ( ! am\nt ( nicot9e 9 a cig> & ! actual effect produc$ on ! smok] ( ! cig>4 ,he asks ?is p]t95t "q3 ,if a cig> conta9s #j4jhe gra9s nicot9e1 & if "o-sev5? ( ! nicot9e ( ! tobacco is pres5t 9 ! smoke & if b 4#jjd gra9s is capable ( caus+ dea?1 :y does ! smok] n absorb en\gh nicot9e to cause 8 demise8 ,z a result ( 8 c>eful exp]im5ts1 ,bu% f\nd t al?\gh nicot9e 0 pres5t 9 all ! samples ( tobacco te/$ !re 0 no nicot9e :atev] f\nd 9 ! smoke1 except 9 ! case ( cig>ettes & 9 ?is case only traces 7 f\nd4 ,! reason ( ?is is giv5 z due to ! rapid burn+ ( ! cig>ette :i* did n all[ suffici5t "t = ! complete decomposition ( ! nicot9e4 ,pyrid9e 01 h[ev]1 f\nd 9 ! smoke ( all tobacco burn$4 ,pyrid9e is only "o-tw5tie? z toxic z nicot9e4 ,bu% conclud$1 !re=e1 t pyrid9e & n nicot9e is ! toxic factor 9 tobacco smoke4 ,! same fact 0 /at$ sev]al ye>s ago by ,rideal 7,dis9fection & ,pres]vation ( ,food1 ,london & ,new ,york1 #aijc1 p4 #bed71 :o says3 ,tobacco smoke1 contr>y to popul> belief1 does n conta9 nicot9e1 :i* is decompos$ by ! heat2 b pyrid9e & its homologues & ! b5eficial effects ( tobacco 9 _m cases ( a/hma mu/ be attribut$ to ?is latt]4 ,! ,lancet inve/igation 7see ,lancet1 ,ap4 #f1 #aiab1 pp4 #idd-idg7 0 made because a rec5t review ( num]\s analysis ( tobacco :i* h be5 publi%$ f "t to "t raises "s d\bt z to :e!r ! results giv5 correctly repres5t ! actual alkaloidal cont5ts ( ! tobacco4 ,moreov]1 to f9d ! relation%ip ( ! true am\nt ( nicot9e 9 any tobacco to t 9 ! smoke produc$ by ! combu/ion ( t tobacco1 & any modification caus$ by ! me?od ( smok+4 ,! inve/igation 0 conduct$ "u ! /ricte/ conditions1 ! mo/ rec5t me?ods ( *emical rese>* be+ employ$4 ,! foll[+ table 7giv5 by ! ,lancet7 %[s ! nicot9e cont5ts ( v>i\s tobacco samples & ! p]c5tage ( nicot9e 9 ! smoke3 ,description ( ,tobacco4 ,p] ,c5t ,p] ,c5t ,p] ,c5t ,nicot9e ,nicot9e ,nicot9e 9 ,tobacco 9 ,smoke 9 ,smoke 7,pipe74 7,cig>ette74 ,virg9ian ,cig>ettes 7,sample #a7 #a4dj #j4gd #j4ab ,virg9ian ,cig>ettes 7,sample #b7 #a4fj #j4fj #j4jf ,caporal 7,fr5*7 ,tobacco #b4fj #b4bj #j4ie ,turki% ,cig>ettes #a4ch #j4ea ,egyptian ,cig>ettes #a4gd #j4ba ,pipe ,smok+ ,mixture 7#a7 #b4he #b4bj #b4be ,pipe ,smok+ ,mixture 7#b7 #b4ha #a4ec ,pipe ,smok+ ,mixture 7#c7 #b4jd #j4bc ,p]ique ,tobacco #e4cj #a4bg #j4eg ,cav5di% ,tobacco #d4ae #c4he ,latakia ,tobacco #b4ce #a4bj ,havana ,cig> #j4fd #j4bj ,f ?is analysis x appe>s t pipe mixtures conta9 ! l>ge/ am\nt ( nicot9e 9 ! tobacco 7#b4jd-b4he74 ,egyptian & ,turki% cig>ette tobaccos come next 7#a4ch-a4gd74 ,virg9ian cig>ette tobacco %[s simil> figures 7#a4dj-a4fj74 ,fr5* tobacco 7,caporal7 conta9s #b4fj1 & ,p]ique #e4cj4 ,= all practical purposes ! tobaccos consum$ by ! public accord+ to ?is report seldom conta9 m ?an #c ( nicot9e & g5]ally less1 ! av]age be+ ab\t #b1 :i* is mu* l[] ?an previ\s writ]s lead u to expect4 ,! cig>ette1 :e!r ,egyptian1 ,turki% or ,am]ican1 yields ! lea/ am\nt ( its total nicot9e to ! smoke =m$1 :ile ! pipe yields a v l>ge portion 79 "s cases betwe5 #gj & #hj7 ( its nicot9e to ! smoke4 ,analysis ( cig> smoke gives figures midway betwe5 ! two4 ,) ! results ( ,bu% & ! ,lancet be=e him ! us] ( tobacco w be bett] able to judge ( ! op9ions ( ^? :o describe ! effects ( nicot9e on ! vision1 he>t1 dige/ive organs1 etc41 z likely to be ! results ( tobacco smok+4 ,?us ! di/urbance ( vision ascrib$ to tobacco smok+ is call$ tobacco amblyopia4 ,dr4 ,w4 ,s4 ,frankl9 ( ,san ,francisco 7,calif4 ,/ate ,j\r4 ( ,m$41 #aiji1 ,v4 #g1 p4 #he71 says t to produce ?is disease x is necess>y to smoke daily f 4#ge to #a4j gms4 ( pure nicot9e4 ,if #ag ( ! nicot9e ( tobacco is c>ri$ 9 ! smoke1 9 ord] to absorb t quantity #g or #h *eap dome/ic cig>s1 #aj or #aa ,cubans or #fj cig>ettes %\ld be smok$4 ,n[ v few smok]s consume ?is am\nt & accord+ to ,bu%1 & ! ,lancet1 & o!rs !re is no su* p]c5tage ( nicot9e 9 ! smoke4 ,to ! use ( tobacco is ascrib$ an acid dyspepsia--?is1 h[ev]1 is notic$ m p>ticul>ly 9 habitual *ew]s & 9 ?is case ! nicot9e n be+ burnt has no *ance ( be+ decompos$4 ,all writ]s h agre$ t *ew+ is ! wor/ way t tobacco c be us$4 ,dr4 ,r4 ,v4 ,dolbey says3 7,nor?we/ ,m$ic9e1 #aiji1 ,v4 #a p4 #ii74 ,9 *ew+1 quantities ( wat]y extract ( tobacco are swall[$ & tak5 d[n ) ! food conta9+ a l>ge p]c5tage ( nicot9e & caus+ sev]e dyspepsia4 ,:ile tobacco juice solution 9 ! laboratory kills inte/9al bact]ia1 excessive tobacco *ew+ does n h ?is effect on ! human body ow+ to ! fact t ! ga/ric & pancreatic juices act on x & alt] x4 ,dr4 ,i4 ,s4 ,gilfilian discusses ! effects ( tobacco on ! he>t 9 ! ,/4 ,paul ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 ,july1 #aiab1 p4 #cch4 ,he says t ! important "p :e!r organic *anges 9 ! c>dio-vascul> sy/em may be produc$ by tobacco is /ill d\btful1 & t x has nev] be5 %[n t smok]s suff] m f organic he>t disease ?an nonsmok]s4 ,g5]al op9ion is t smok+ less5s ! pulse rate & slightly increases ! blood pressure1 & t x is a cause ( art]io-scl]osis4 ,) reg>d to art]io-scl]osis1 ,dr4 ,a4 ,lor& ( ,c>lsbad :o is a _w-wide au?ority on ! effects ( toxic sub/ances on ! blood1 says 9 8 book1 ,old ,age ,def]r$ 7,engli% translation1 #aiaj1 p4 #cfg73 ,cl9ically we h obs]v$ ! great frequ5cy ( art]io-scl]osis 9 great smok]s1 b we d n ?9k t two or ?ree light cig>s a day1 b nev] be=e meals1 c d any h>m save 9 exceptional cases4 ,inde$ !re are a few in/ances ( p]sons liv+ to be ov] #ajj1 not)/&+ ! fact t !y 7 smok]s--a fact contr>y to ! obs]vation ( ,hufel& :o pret5ds t he nev] he>d ( su* a case4 ,! fam\s ,engli% pa9t]1 ,fri?1 :o di$ 9 ,octob]1 #aiji1 us$ to smoke #f cig>s a day1 & ,mr4 ,f4 ( ,*>tres1 9 ,france1 pass$ la/ ye> 8 #ajj? bir?day 9 spite ( 8 hav+ tak5 snuff all 8 life4 ,if !re 7 any s]i\s lesions caus$ 9 ! human sy/em by ! cont9u$ use ( tobacco we might naturally expect t life insurance companies w\ld take notice ( x1 b he> :at !y h to say 7,m$ical ,record1 ,new ,york1 ,july #ab1 #aiac73 ,dr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,turney1 at ! meet+ ( ,life ,insurance ,m$ical ,(fic]s ,association1 ,london1 ,janu>y1 #aiac1 said t z f> z obs]vation & /udy ( ! lit]ature w5t he did n consid] t !re 0 mu* evid5ce t ! habit ( smok+ c be convict$ ( any s]i\s effect on ! mortality table4 ,"o mu/ confess r to a feel+ ( surprise t ! life-long absorption ( s pot5t a drug z nicot9e by a l>ge proportion ( ! male population %\ld n be accompani$ by m obvi\s results 9 ! way ( s]i\s injury to ! c>diac muscle ?an appe>s to be ! case4 ,dr4 ,a4 ,m>v9 ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ph>macology1 ,v]mont ,univ]sity1 made num]\s exp]im5ts on ! effects produc$ by tobacco4 ,9 ! cases ( ! respiratory sy/em1 he /ates t 9 rapid smok+ ! respiratory rate is increas$1 due m to ! ef=t ?an to ! drug4 ,9 delib]ate smok+ !re is v little effect4 ,9 ! dige/ive sy/em ! effects produc$ 71 increas$ fl[ ( saliva & /imulation ( ! muc\s membrane ( ! /oma* & inte/9es4 ,m>v9 did n f9d any important symptoms ( sy/emic irregul>ities except :]e !re 0 excessive use ( tobacco4 ,he says3 ,tobacco produces1 :5 us$ to excess1 symptoms 9 a v small p] c5t & (t5 x is only "o factor 9 produc+ ! conditions obs]v$4 ,a v cauti\sly express$ & noncommittal op9ion4 ,x is to be rememb]$ t ( ! p]c5tage ( nicot9e 9 tobacco smoke only a small portion is drawn into ! smok]'s sy/em4 ,! great] "p passes (f aga9 9 ! smoke pass$ out2 also t ! products ( combu/ion ( tobacco include acque\s solution z well z smoke2 x w n probably be que/ion$ t "s ( ?is wat]y solution is drawn into ! m\? z well z ! smoke & probably conta9s m9ute quantities ( nicot9e or its d]ivatives4 ,! smok] may obviate any slight h>mful effects ( ^! sub/ances by c>e4 ,if he is a cig> smok] he mu/ avoid *ew+ or suck+ ! butt end ( ! cig> 9 :i* ! acque\s solution f9ally ga!rs1 & he w\ld f9d x bett] to smoke long ?9 cig>s :i* af=d a small area beh9d ! burn+ po9t = ! collection ( acque\s vapor & give a bett] combu/ion4 ,judg$ f ^! viewpo9ts ! be/ & mo/ exp5sive ?ick cig> is likely to be m h>mful ?an ! v wor/ k9d ( a cig>ette1 = al?\gh !re may be a mu* small] p]c5tage ( nicot9e 9 ! cig> tobacco1 a mu* l>g] proportion ( x may rea* ! m\? ( ! smok] ?r\gh ! wat] produc$ by combu/ion1 9 ! case ( ! cig> ?an 9 ! case ( ! cig>ette4 ,e cig> & cig>ette smok] %\ld use a hold] = ! reason /at$4 ,! cig>ette f ! nicot9e po9t ( view is ! lea/ objectionable =m ( smok+4 ,9 fact exp]t op9ion is recogniz+ t unless :]e ! smoke is inhal$ cig>ette smok+ if n excessive is probably h>mless4 ,x is h>d1 ( c\rse1 to kill a popul> prejudice1 b we h to deal ) demon/rat$ facts n prejudices4 ,9 ! case ( inhalation ( cig>ette smoke ! dang] is f c>bon monoxide gas & n f nicot9e4 ,:5 ! diff]5ce ( op9ion among/ au?oritative inve/igators are disc\nt$ _! g5]al results w be f\nd to agree v well ) ! g5]al facts obs]v$ by all us]s ( tobacco4 ,:at !y see is t probably sev5ty p] c5t ( ! adult male population "u all conditions & circum/ances use tobacco )9 limits ( mod]ation4 ,!y see ar\nd !m m5 :o h = _m ye>s us$ x1 & !y d n obs]ve any p>ticul> h>mful results 9 ! us] ( tobacco comp>$ ) ! nonus]4 ,m5 z a rule are n m n]v\s1 m subject to he>t tr\bles or age tr\bles ?an wom51 :o z a sex1 d n use tobacco4 ,smok]s d n d5y & nev] h d5i$ t ! abuse ( tobacco is h>mful4 ,! g5]al view t bo? sci5tific inve/igators & popul> obs]vation is able to support is well express$ by ,cl\/on1 :o is a _w kn[n au?ority on n]v\s & m5tal disease4 7,see ,hygi5e ( ,m9d1 #crd ,ed4 ,london1 #aijf1 p4 #bfj47 ,if its use is re/rict$ to full gr[n m51 if only good tobacco is us$ n ( too great /r5g?1 & if x is n us$ to excess1 !n !re are no sci5tific pro(s t x has any injuri\s effects1 if !re is no idiosyncracy aga9/ x4444 ,speak+ g5]ally1 x ex]cises a soo?+ influ5ce :5 ! n]v\s sy/em is 9 any way irritable4 ,x t5ds to calm & cont9u\s ?9k+ & 9 _m m5 promotes ! dige/ion ( food4 ,tobacco1 prop]ly us$ may1 9 "s cases1 und\bt$ly be made a m5tal hygi5ie4 ,mann 7,brit4 ,m$4 ,j\rnal1 #aijh1 ,v4 ,,ii1 p4 #afgc71 expresses a simil> op9ion ?us3 ,mo/ m5 if !y *oose to smoke c d s )9 c]ta9 limits )\t injury to heal?4 ,"s m5 c exce$ su* limits ) app>5t impunity4 ,! ext5t ( ! limitation mu/ be det]m9$ by ea* man = himself4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,! ,,b5eficial ,,effects ,,( ,,tobacco ,,its ,,dis9fect+ ,,action4 ,,protection ,,aga9/ ,,infecti\s ,,disease4 ,,psy*ological ,,effects ,,( ,,smok+4 ,,! ,,b5eficial ,,qualities ,,( ,,tobacco ,9 ! previ\s *apt]s ! possible h>mful effects ( us+ tobacco h be5 dealt ) at l5g?4 ,9 ?is *apt] we %all deal %ortly ) "s positive b5eficial effects4 ,!re is v little d\bt t tobacco is a /rongly protective ag5t aga9/ infection f disease4 ,its g]micidal qualities are well-kn[n & recogniz$4 ,x is n[ recogniz$ by m$ical writ]s t ! m\? is "o ( ! pr9cipal1 if n ! pr9cipal *annel ( infection = _m infective diseases4 ,! cavities ( ! tee? are ! bre$+ places ( ho/s ( pa?og5ic bact]ia1 ( :i* !re are ab\t #ajj diff]5t v>ieties aris+ f decay+ food & o!r s\rces4 ,^! de/ructive ag5ts1 _m ( !m highly pa?og5ic1 easily f9d _! way f ! m\? ?r\gh v>i\s *annels to ! inside ( ! body4 ,_m infective organisms float+ 9 ! air are drawn into ! m\? 9 ! act ( respiration & ?is is a common me?od ( fall+ a victim to contagion4 ,! effect ( tobacco juice on ! bact]ia ( ! human m\? 0 inve/igat$ by ,dr4 ,w4 ,d4 ,full]ton & is report$ by him 9 ! ,clevel& ,m$4 ,j\rnal #aiab1 page #ehe4 ,9 8 exp]im5ts ,full]ton us$ tobacco juice obta9$ f ! human m\? by *ew+ plug tobacco4 ,he also us$ a solution ( smoke obta9$ f a well season$ pipe4 ,^! 7 fir/ ?or\ghly /]iliz$ 9 ord] to obta9 a pure natural mixture ( tobacco & saliva4 ,cultures ( well-kn[n species ( bact]ia 7 made us+ e laboratory precaution s z to obta9 accurate results4 ,specim5s ( ^! bact]ial cultures 7 !n submitt$ to ! action ( ! tobacco juice4 ,x 0 f\nd t exposure = "o h\r kill$ or r5d]$ innocu\s #ae to #ih p] c5t ( ! bact]ia2 exposure = #bd h\rs act$ simil>ly on f #hd to #ajj4 ,dr4 ,full]ton gives 8 op9ion1 f 8 results1 t x seems t a pipeful ( tobacco 0 m toxic to bact]ia ?an "o *ew2 b *ew+ t5ds to loos5 reta9$ food p>ticles1 foci ( bact]ia1 etc41 & mu* ( ?is is eject$ f ! m\?4 ,full]ton's "w agre$ v well ) ! results obta9$ by o!r work]s 9 ! same l9e ( inve/igation4 ,9 ,mill]'s ,micro-organisms ( ! ,human ,m\?1 p4 #bdf1 x is /at$ t ! organisms ( ! m\? lead only a mis]able exi/5ce 9 a mixture ( an infusion ( tobacco1 sug> & saliva2 & t ! smoke ( ! la/ "o-?ird or ! fir/ "o-f\r? ( a ,colorado ,cl>o cig> /]iliz$ t5 cubic c5timet]s ( beef extract solution :i* _h be5 ri*ly inoculat$ ) bact]ia f decay$ tee?4 ,arnold1 ,lancet 7,london1 #aijg7 reports simil> exp]i5ces ) "s ( ! mo/ virul5t types ( infective bact]ia4 ,bo? nicot9e & its d]ivative pyrid9e z well z ! t>ry oils result+ f tobacco di/illation are /rong & effective dis9fectants2 & =maldehyde1 "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful g]micides kn[n1 is s =m$4 ,trillat1 ,annales de l',in/itut ,pa/eur 7,p>is71 ,vol4 #ai1 p4 #gbb1 %[s t #ajj grams ( pipe tobacco w yield 4#jfc grams & #ajj grams weight ( cig> 4#aah grams ( =maldehyde4 ,also t a dilution ( #a_/ajjj =maldehyde is g]micidal to all bact]ia al?\gh x has v little delet]i\s effects on man4 ,z f> z c be asc]ta9$ !re has n be5 v mu* inve/igation = ! purpose ( demon/rat+ ! actual results ( cl9ical exp]i5ce reg>d+ ! antiseptic qualities ( tobacco 9 ! case ( smok]s1 b facts1 s f> z !y h be5 record$1 be> out ! exp]im5ts4 ,rideal ,dis9fection & ,pres]vation ( ,food 7,london & ,new ,york1 #aijc7 /ates t ! inve/igations ( ,tess>9i %[$ t tobacco smoke pass$ ov] ! organisms ( human *ol]a & pneumonia kill$ !m 9 f #aj to #cj m9utes4 ,he also /ates t ! ,cig> ,manufactur]s ,association ( ,hamburg report$ t 9 ! *ol]a epidemic ( #ahib 9 t city1 only #h out ( #e1jjj employes 9 ! cig> factories !re 7 attack$ by ! disease & t1 !re 7 only #d dea?s4 ,pr(essor ,w5ck1 ( ! ,imp]ial ,in/itute ( ,b]l91 has publi%$ an acc\nt ( ?is *ol]a epidemic 7see ,laucett francaise1 ,p>is1 #aiab1 p4 #adbe74 ,8 conclusions favor ! pres]vative action ( tobacco4 ,x 0 cle>ly %[n t slightly moi/ tobacco 0 a fatal g]micide = ! *ol]a bacillus2 all microbes die 9 x 9 #bd h\rs4 ,! exam9ation ( cig>s made 9 ,hamburg dur+ ! epidemic %[$ t !y 7 absolutely free f bacilli4 ,w5ck ass]ts also t *ol]a microbes die 9 #a_/b h\r1 #a h\r1 & #b h\rs aft] hav+ be5 plac$ 9 contact ) ! smoke ( ,brazilian1 ,sumatran & ,havana tobacco4 ,! fumes ( tobacco w besides kill 9 five m9utes ! *ol]a microbes obta9$ f saliva4 ,full]ton already quot$ exam9$ a small numb] ( m\?s 7#gd7 9 ! ,johns ,hopk9s ,hospital at ,baltimore4 ,( ^? :o did n use tobacco 9 any =m a l>g] p]c5tage %[$ signs ( d5tal c>ies & decay ( an advanc$ /age ?an 9 ! case ( tobacco us]s4 ,simil>ly 9 ! case ( wom5 :o nev] us$ tobacco2 &1 al?\gh !re 0 a mu* great] c>e & cleans+ ( ! tee?1 yet ! p]c5tage ( decay & disease 0 high] ?an 9 ! case ( m5 us+ tobacco4 ,full]ton says1 ,! smok+ or *ew+ ( tobacco is decid$ly g]micidal4 ,*ew+1 by ex]cis+ ! tee?1 helps nutrition & elim9ates pa?ological ag5cies bo? by de/roy+ !m 9 situ & by remov+ !m 9 ! expectoration4 ,rideal 7already quot$7 m5tions t ,dr4 ,burney1 ! s5ior m$ical (fic] ( ,gre5wi* ,hospital1 ,london1 ass]ts t ! tobacco smok+ inmates ( t in/itution enjoy$ comp>ative immunity f epidemics4 ,f ^! op9ions & examples x seems q cle> t :atev] portions ( ! decomposition products ( tobacco rea* ! m\? & mix ) ! saliva1 or propagate !mselves 9 ! imm$iate surr\nd+s ( ! smok]1 are likely to h extremely good effects4 ,x w\ld be easy to multiply ^! op9ions b !re is no use labor+ ! argum5t4 ,!re is a matt]1 h[ev]1 x w d no h>m to m5tion "h4 ,today x is be+ gradually recogniz$ by ! m$ical pr(ession t ! conditions :i* lead ultimately to ga/ric & inte/9al ulc] includ+ app5dicitis are entirely due to infection4 ,at ! #aiab meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,m$ical ,association ?is 0 cle>ly manife/$ & "s ( ! lead+ au?orities 9 ,engl& po9t$ out ! importance ( ! m\? z a focus ( infection 9 su* diseases4 ,n[ if ?is is s1 x is at once app>5t h[ important tobacco z a m\? dis9fectant & g]micide becomes2 & x may incid5tally ?r[ "s light 7o!rwise unexpla9$7 on ! fact con/antly obs]v$ t 9 p]sons "u #cj ye>s old ^! diseases are f> m common among/ wom5 ?an 9 ! case ( m54 ,! use ( tobacco is n ass]t$ z a reason1 b x may be4 ,) reg>d to o!r b5eficial effects--,cl\/on1 ,full]ton & ,m>v91 /ate t ! mod]ate use ( tobacco has a b5eficial effect on ! dige/ive sy/em z 9 g5]al x causes an increas$ fl[ ( saliva & ga/ric juice :i* helps 9 ! dige/ion ( food2 x also /imulates ! muscles & muc\s membrane ( ! /oma* & inte/9es4 ,! s$ative effects ( tobacco on ! n]ves is a prev5tative ( n]v\s dyspepsia & is valuable = ! promotion ( good dige/ion4 ,:ile mu* has be5 writt5 on ! effects ( excessive smok+ on ! n]v\s sy/em little has be5 said ( ! good effects ( mod]ate smok+4 ,e smok] realizes t ! soo?+ effects ( tobacco on ! n]ves is p]haps its mo/ valuable prop]ty4 ,cl\/on's op9ion1 already quot$ 7& none c\ld be bett]71 is t tobacco ex]cises a soo?+ influ5ce :5 ! n]v\s sy/em is 9 anyway irritable2 x t5ds to calm & cont9u\s ?9k+4 ,full]ton says1 ,x gives a composure & feel+ ( well-be+ :i* are b5eficial to m9d & body4 ,( ^! facts !re c be no d\bt because !y are matt]s ( common daily obs]vation & exp]i5ce4 ,mo/ smok]s f9d a solace & quiet+ influ5ce f _! ev5+ smoke aft] ! worries ( a tr\blesome day :i* no o!r ag5t c give !m4 ,! effect produc$ may be p>tly psy*ological b t does n matt]4 ,inde$ ! /r5u\sness ( life 9 ! age 9 :i* we live seems to dem& su* a help & no?+ appe>s to supply ! want s effici5tly1 s pleasantly1 & ) less h>m1 ?an a quiet smoke4 ,x puts ! smok] at peace ) himself & at peace ) o!rs4 ,bu% f\nd 9 8 inve/igations on ! m5tal effects ( tobacco on college /ud5ts t !re 0 a tempor>y loss ( t5 p] c5t 9 m5tal effici5cy 9 c]ta9 faculties ( ! m9d4 ,?is is probably true en\gh ?\gh 8 results are n q conclusive4 ,on ! o!r h& _m m5 f9d t !y c ?9k m cle>ly & m consecutively :5 help$ by a smoke4 ,inde$ !y smoke :5 !y h a knotty problem to solve4 ,! po9t ne$ n be argu$2 all smok]s w agree ) x4 ,judg$ f a psy*ological /&po9t ! effects ( tobacco are entirely favorable4 ,to ! sleepless1 ! worri$1 to him :o is tr\bl$ 9 m9d or vex$ 9 _s1 ! pipe or cig> is a nev]-fail+ rem$y to soo! & *e]4 ,x is ! feel+ ( bett]m5t :i* x eng5d]s & ! _s ( good w :i* tobacco creates t are responsible = its univ]sal use by m5 diff]+ widely 9 grade & condition ( life z well z 9 m5tal calib]2 x rea*es ! common spr+s :i* move humanity2 its qualities are ^? :i* h made ! pipe a symbol ( peace & a bond ( fell[%ip & union betwe5 man & man f ,pole to ,pole4 ,f a g5]al summ+ up ( ! op9ions :i* h be5 quot$ ! "q might f9ally be ask$1 ,is tobacco on ! :ole h>mful or b5eficial to its us]s8 ,! answ] seems to be ?is3 ,tobacco to ! ext5t us$ on ! av]age has "s slight injuri\s effects & "s slight b5eficial effects on ! physical sy/em4 ,x is an excell5t pres]vative ag5t aga9/ contagi\s & infecti\s disease4 ,m5tally its effects are ov]:elm+ly b5eficial4 ,9 e p>ticul> case a man mu/ judge = himself1 tak+ acc\nt ( 8 individual idiosyncrasies & conditions :e!r ! use ( tobacco is b5eficial to him or o!rwise4 ,,ref]5ces ,laucet4 ,london1 #aijf4 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #ihd4 ,! g]m-de/roy+ prop]ties ( tobacco4 ,,arnold1 ,m4 ,b4 ,on ! effects ( ! ,exposure ( ,tobacco ,smoke on ! gr[? ( pa?og5ic micro-organisms4 ,laucet4 ,london1 #aijg4 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #abbj4 ,,murray1 ,j4 ,c4 ,smok+2 :5 injuri\s1 :5 innocu\s1 :5 b5eficial4 ,london1 #ahga4 ,,lez>s1 ,i4 ,! use & abuse ( ,tobacco4 ,philadelphia1 #ahhc4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,miscellane\s ,,rev5ue1 ,,taxation1 ,,etc41 ,,9 ,,connection ,,) ,,tobacco4 ,,free ,,imports4 ,,diseases ,,( ,,tobacco4 ,,tobacco ,,flavors4 ,,=mulae4 ,,notes ,! p] capita consumption ( tobacco 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 has increas$ f #a4f lbs4 9 #ahfc to betwe5 #e & #f lbs4 at ! pres5t "t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ! pres5t "t ! ,unit$ ,/ates collects ab\t #gj million doll>s annually f dome/ic taxation on manufactur$ tobacco2 &1 9 addition1 ab\t #be million 9 import duties4 ,! actual total income f tobacco 9 #aiab 0 #if million doll>s4 ,= ! fiscal ye> end+ ,june #cj1 #aiac1 tax 0 paid on ! foll[+ )drawn = consumption3 ,cig>s weigh+ m ?an #c lbs4 p] ?\s&1 #g1fii1jcg1edc4 ,cig>s weigh+ less ?an #c lbs4 p] ?\s&1 #a1jcc1ggh1afj4 ,cig>ettes weigh+ m ?an #c lbs4 p] ?\s&1 #ah1aid1caa4 ,cig>ettes weigh+ less ?an #c lbs4 p] ?\s&1 #ad1bgf1gga1afj4 ,snuff1 lbs41 #cc1bji1dhh4 ,tobacco1 *ew+ & smok+1 lbs41 #dja1cfb1fbj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,france1 ,spa91 ,au/ria1 ,italy & o!r c\ntries ! gov]nm5t has a monopoly ov] ! manufacture & sale ( tobacco products4 ,pur*ase ( leaf 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 is made ?r\gh gov]nm5t ag5ts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! quantities ( tobacco :i* may be import$ free ( duty into ,european c\ntries is z foll[s3 ,au/ro-,hung>y--#ab cig>s1 #ce grams tobacco4 ,belgium-,none4 ,bulg>ia--#ej cig>s1 #ej cig>ettes1 #ej grams tobacco4 ,d5m>k--,none4 ,egypt--#be cig>s1 #ajj cig>ettes1 #bjj grams tobacco4 ,france--#hj cig>s1 #cjj cig>ettes4 ,g]many--,en\gh = imm$iate use4 ,great ,brita9--#ab cig>s1 #bj cig>ettes4 ,holl&--,none4 ,italy--#f cig>s1 #ae cig>ettes4 ,norway--#ajj cig>s4 ,portugal--,none4 ,russia--#ajj cig>s1 #ajj cig>ettes1 #ajj grams tobacco4 ,spa9--,none4 ,sw$5--,none4 ,turkey--,none4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,u4 ,s4 #ej cig>s & #cjj cig>ettes may be import$ free4 99 99 99 99 99 ,small v>iations 9 ! co/ ( manufacture 7includ+ ! co/ ( leaf71 :i* d n exce$ #aj1 are usually borne by ! manufactur]1 & d n affect ! price to ! consum]4 ,b increase 9 taxation1 ei!r int]nal rev5ue or t>iff1 usually occasions a dim9ution 9 consumption z x inv>iably increases ! co/4 ,,! ,,diseases ,,( ,,tobacco ,,due ,,to ,,insect ,,pe/s1 ,,etc4 ,tobacco1 f ! se$ b$ to ! /orage ( ! manufactur$ products1 is subject to attack by insects1 etc41 & vigilance mu/ at all times be ex]cis$ to keep x free f su* h>mful influ5ces4 ,only a few ( ! pr9cipal ag5cies attack+ tobacco w be m5tion$ "h z ! subject is ( m int]e/ to ! speciali/ ?an to ! smok]4 ,! gr[+ plant is p>ticul>ly subject to ,cut-worm disease & ,horn-worm disease4 ,cut-worms are ! l>vae ( sev]al species ( mo?s4 ,!y injure ! "y1 t5d] plant & fe$ on ! leaves4 ,horn-worms are ! l>vae ( ! ,sph9x ,mo?4 #b or #c w ru9 a plant 9 "o day4 ,/or$ tobacco is subject to _m diseases4 ,bud cat]pill>s1 ! leaf-m9] or split-worm & ! ,tobacco flea beetle are m9ute beetles :i* attack x4 ,mosaic disease1 ,frog-eye or ,leaf-spot are probably bact]ial diseases4 ,9 addition1 tobacco1 p>ticul>ly dur+ ! cur+ process1 is subject to pole-burn1 pole-sweat1 or h\se-burn1 /em-rot1 :ite-ve91 & v>i\s =ms ( m\ld1 all ^! be+ probably due to bact]ia4 ,= additional in=mation see3 ,u4 ,s4 ,,dept4 ,,( ,,agriculture4 ,f>m]s' ,bullet91 #abj4 ,,h[>d1 ,l4 ,o4 ,! pr9cipal insects affect+ ! tobacco plant4 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 #aijj4 ,u4 ,s4 ,,dept4 ,,( ,,agriculture4 ,bureau ( ,entomology4 ,bullet9 #fe4 ,,speckl$ ,,or ,,spott$ ,,cig>s ,_m smok]s ( cig>s h ! idea t !re is "s special virtue 9 a cig> t %[s specks or spots ( discoloration 9 ! leaf4 ,z a matt] ( fact su* spots h no?+ :atev] to d ) ! quality ( ! tobacco4 ,! occurr5ce ( su* spots is acc\nt$ = diff]5tly4 ,"s say ! spots are due to c]ta9 bact]ia :i* attack ! leaf ei!r :5 gr[+ or f]m5t+ & ?is mo/ probably is ! correct view4 ,o!rs say t ! spots are due to ra9 drops :i*1 spr9kl$ on ! leaves1 act z l5ses & conc5trate ! rays ( ! sun1 ?us caus+ a burn+ ( ! leaf 9 su* spots4 ,"s ?9k ! spots are caus$ by a worm4 ,on acc\nt ( ! prejudice ( smok]s = speckl$ cig>s deal]s h be5 kn[n to produce ?is appe>ance 9 ! leaf artificially4 ,!re are diff]5t me?ods al?\gh resort is n (t5 _h at ! pres5t "t to ?is practice z ! belief 9 ?is sign is no long] z preval5t z =m]ly4 ,! foll[+ are examples ( su* cig> speckl+ prep>ation1 ! *ief +r$i5t be+ "s active oxidiz+ ag5t3 ,cig> speckl+ fluid3 7,me?od #a47 ,p[d]$ ,ammonium ,c>bonate & a conc5trat$ solution ( 7,h#b,o#b74 ,dissolve "o "p ( ! ,ammonium ,c>bonate 9 #be p>ts ( ! 7,h#b,o#b74 ,t\* ! cig> ) ?is 9 spots ) ! end ( a po9t$ /ick4 ,?is gives ! appe>ance ( speckl$ ,sumatran leaf4 7,me?od #b47 ,! foll[+ me?od is said to be us$ by a l>ge firm3 ,sodium ,c>bonate--#c p>ts4 ,*lor9at$ ,lime--#a "p4 ,hot ,wat]--#h p>ts4 ,dissolve ! wa%+ soda 9 ! hot wat]1 add ! *lor9at$ lime1 & heat to ! boil+ po9t4 ,:5 cool decant & cork tightly4 ,?is is spr9kl$ ov] ! tobacco4--,f ,am]ican ,druggi/1 ,vol4 #hc1 p4 #cbh4 ,specks are sometimes caus$ by fluids us$ to de/roy insects :i* attack ! cig> aft] manufacture4 ,,tobacco ,,flavor+ ,,ess5ces ,9 ! *apt] treat+ ( ! manufacture ( smok+ & *ew+ tobacco x 0 /at$ t ! tobacco leaf 0 (t5 treat$ by c]ta9 flavor+ ess5ces4 ,! foll[+ are quot$ z examples ( su* ess5ces3 ,casc>illa ,b>k--#a ounce4 ,fluid ,extract ,val]ian--#a ounce4 ,tonka ,bean--#b drams4 ,engli% ,rum--#c ounces4 --,f ,ph>maceutical ,era1 ,v4 #ba1 #ahii1 p4 #beb4 ,! foll[+ ess5ces are said to be us$ 9 ,france & ,g]many3 7#a7 ,= e #a1jjj kilos4 ( tobacco take #d kilos4 ( purifi$ pota%2 #e kilos4 table salt2 #aj kilos4 canella wat]2 #aj kilos4 rose wat]2 #e kilos4 melilotte wat]2 #b4h grams tonka bean2 pulv]iz$4 ,color ! :ole ) #d grams ,engli% r$4 ,add :5 ! tobacco is cut up4 7#b7 #ab kilos4 soda2 #d kilos4 salts ( t>t>2 #aj kilos4 canella wat]2 #aj kilos4 rose wat]2 #e kilos4 melilotte wat]2 #b4h grams tonka bean2 #d kilos4 simple syrup2 #e kilos4 ,fr5* br&y2 #f kilos4 r$ s&al wood4--,f ,ph>maceutical ,era1 ,v4 #bd1 p4 #fg4 ,,cig> ,,flavors ,al?\gh ! be/ cig>s are made f ! natural leaf & dep5d solely on its flavor & aroma1 9 ! inf]ior article manufactur]s sometimes resort to flavor+ fluids4 ,! foll[+ examples ( cig> flavor+ fluid =mulae are tak5 f ! ,ph>maceutical ,era1 ,v4 #bd1 p4 #dee3 ,=mula #a4 ,extr4 ,vanilla--#a_/b gal4 ,alcohol & ,jamaica ,rum1--ea*1 #a_/b gal4 ,t9ct4 ,val]ian--#h ounces4 ,c>raway ,se$--#b ounces4 ,engli% ,val]ian ,root--#b ounces4 ,bitt] ,orange ,peel--#b ounces4 ,tonka ,bean--#d drams4 ,myrrh--#af ounces4 ,=mula #b4 ,val]ianic ,acid--#c drams4 ,acetic ,e!r--#dj m9ims4 ,butyric ,e!r--#aj m9ims4 ,alcohol--#d p9ts4 ,=mula #c4 ,fluid ,extr4 ,val]ian--#a ounce4 ,t9ct4 ,tonka ,bean--#h ounces4 ,alcohol--en\gh to make #af ounces4 ,,=mula ,,to ,,improve ,,! ,,burn+ ,,qualities ,,( ,,tobacco #b lbs4 ( ,saltpet]4 ,half gallon ( ,alcohol 7#ajj pro(74 #a gallon ,port ,w9e4 #i gallons ,lukew>m ,wat]4 ,mix ^! +r$i5ts ?or\ghly toge!r1 & add to e #ajj lbs4 weight ( tobacco4 ,,ov]com+ ,,desire ,,= ,,tobacco 7,f ,! ,am]ican ,druggi/1 ,v4 #ea1 #aijh47 ,kalometz] 7,bullet9 ,m$ical1 #aijg7 /ates t r9s+ m\? ) solution ( silv] nitrate 7#a_/d ( #a /r5g?7 w ov]come ! desire4 ,,prev5t+ ,,injuri\s ,,action ,,( ,,nicot9e ,a process = ! treatm5t ( tobacco leaves prev5t+ 9 a way injuri\s action ( nicot9e & ( acrid empyreumatic acid products1 0 devis$ "s ye>s ago by ,pr(essor ,g]old ( ,halle4 ,8 process is ?us describ$3 ,he employs = #h kilograms ( tobacco leaves conta9+ ! usual p]c5tage ( nicot9e a decoction prep>$ by boil+ #ae grams ( tannic acid ) #a-a_/b kilograms ( wat] until ! weight is r$uc$ to "o kilogram2 !n #cj grams ( ! ess5tial oil ( origanum vulg>e are add$1 aft] :i* ! decoction is imm$iately remov$ f ! fire4 ,hav+ /ood = "s m9utes ! mixture is filt]$ & all[$ to cool to ab\t #af deg4 ,c41 :5 ! prep>ation is ready to be spread ov] ! previ\sly weigh$ tobacco4 ,:5 ! absorption ( ?is mixture by ! tobacco leaves is complet$1 !y are subject$ to slight pressure & mod]ate heat1 aft] :i* !y are ready = ! manufacture ( ! v>i\s tobacco products4 99 99 99 99 99 ,tannic acid is a well-kn[n antidote = nicot9e poison+1 & x is claim$ = ,g]old's process t :ile ! undi/ill$ nicot9e is neutraliz$ 9 its toxic qualities only by ! tannic acid1 t ?is does n influ5ce at all its peculi> odor nor mo/ ( its o!r *>act]i/ics4--,f ! ,ph>maceutical ,era1 ,july #bg1 #ahii1 p4 #add4 99 99 99 99 99 ,havana cig>s are g5]ally bett] if smok$ fre%2 dome/ic cig>s are bett] if all[$ to age 9 ! box sev]al mon?s be=e us+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,rememb] t ! phosphorus or sulphur ( a mat* may spoil ! flavor ( a f9e cig>4 ,be c>eful :5 y are light+ x to use only ! edge ( ! mat* flame4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if ! total numb] ( cig>s smok$ annually 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 plac$ end to end !y w\ld encircle ! :ole _w m ?an tw5ty times4 ,,index ,air ,cur+ ( ,leaf1 #ff ,amb]1 #afb ,am]ican ,production ( ,tobacco ,o!r ,?an 9 ,u4 ,s41 #ce ,analysis ( ,tobacco1 #ee ,asia1 ,production ( ,tobacco 91 #ca ,bact]ial ,diseases1 ,effects ( ,tobacco on1 #aig ,bl5ds ( ,tobacco1 ,h[ ,made1 #gh ,bri> ,root1 #aeh ,canc] & ,tobacco1 #ahj ,*emical ,con/itu5ts ( ,tobacco1 #ee ,*ew+ ,tobaccos1 #abh ,cig> & ,cig>ette ,hold]s1 ,value (1 #aia ,cig> ,bus9ess 9 ,u4 ,s41 #if ,cig> ,flavors1 #bae ,cig> ,leaf ,tobacco ,gr[n 9 ,u4 ,s41 #aai ,cig>ette ,pap]1 #aci ,cig>ette ,smok+1 ,criticisms (1 #adj ,cig>ettes1 ,am]ican1 #ach ,cig>ettes1 ,k9ds (1 #acd ,cig>ettes1 ,nicot9e 9 ,smoke (1 #ahg ,cig>ettes1 ,/ati/ics1 #acc ,cig>ettes1 ,turki%1 #ace ,cig>ettes1 ,turki%1 ,manufactur$ 9 ! ,u4 ,s41 #acg ,cig>s1 ,classification (1 #ajd ,cig>s1 ,composition (1 #aac ,cig>s1 ,desirable ,qualities (1 #aac ,cig>s1 ,h&-made1 #aja ,cig>s1 ,hi/ory1 #ie ,cig>s1 ,import$ ,k9ds1 9 ,u4 ,s41 #aad ,cig>s1 ,ma*9e-made1 #ajc ,cig>s1 ,manufactur$ 9 ,u4 ,s41 #aag ,cig>s1 ,speckles or ,spots on1 #bab ,cig>s1 ,/ati/ics ( ,production & ,consumption 9 ,u4 ,s41 #if ,cig>s1 ,v>i\s ,t]ms ,reg>d+1 #ajg ,color+ ,me]s*aum ,pipes1 #afi ,consumption ( ,tobacco 9 ,u4 ,s41 #ib ,cuban ,cig> ,leaf1 #aah ,cuban ,tobacco1 #ce ,cur+ ( ,tobacco ,leaf1 #fc ,dige/ive ,sy/em & ,use ( ,tobacco1 #bjb ,diseases ( ,tobacco ,leaf1 #baa ,dis9fect+ ,action ( ,tobacco1 #aii ,ea/ ,indian ,tobacco1 #ch ,europe1 ,production ( ,tobacco1 #cb ,exportation ( ,tobacco f ,u4 ,s41 #ia ,eyes & ,use ( ,tobacco1 #ahi ,f]m5tation ( ,tobacco1 ,action ( ,microbes1 #ha ,f]m5tation ( ,tobacco1 ,*emi/ry1 #hj ,f]m5tation ( ,tobacco ,leaf1 #gi ,flavor+ ,ess5ces1 #bad ,flue ,cur+ ( ,leaf1 #fe ,h&-made ,cig>s1 #aja ,havana ,cig>s1 #aae ,hold]s = ,cig>s & ,cig>ettes1 ,value (1 #aia ,infection1 ,value ( ,tobacco ,smok+ ,aga9/1 #aig ,insects ,affect+ ,tobacco ,leaf1 #baa ,life ,insurance & ,tobacco1 #ahh ,ma*9e-made ,cig>s1 #ajc ,manufactur$ ,products ( ,tobacco 9 ,u4 ,s41 ,/ati/ics1 #hi ,me]s*aum1 #aee ,microbes1 ,action 9 ,f]m5tation ( ,tobacco1 #ha ,m9d1 ,effects ( ,tobacco ,smok+1 #bjb ,m\?piece ( ,pipes1 ,importance1 #afa ,n]ves1 ,effect ( ,tobacco ,smok+ on1 #bjb ,nicot9e1 #eg ,nicot9e1 ,am\nt 9 ,tobacco ,smoke1 #ahc ,nicot9e ,cont5ts ( ,tobaccos1 #ahe ,nicot9e ,effects on ,human ,sy/em1 #ahb ,op5 ,fire ,me?od ( ,cur+ ,leaf1 #fe ,pack+ ( ,tobacco ,leaf = ,m>ket1 #fi ,p]ique ,tobacco1 #ej1 #abe ,philipp9e ,cig>s1 #aag ,pipe ,smok+ ,tobaccos1 ,k9ds (1 #abd ,pipe ,smok+ ,tobacco1 ,qualities (1 #abc ,pipe ,/em1 ,importance1 #afa ,pipes1 ,bri> ,root1 ,mak+ (1 #aei ,pipes1 ,c>e (1 #afg ,pipes1 ,hi/ory (1 #aea ,pipes1 ,importation (1 ,into ,u4 ,s41 #aff ,pipes1 ,mat]ials ,us$ 9 ,mak+1 #aed ,pipes1 ,me]s*aum1 ,color+1 #afi ,pipes1 ,me]s*aum1 ,mak+ (1 #aef ,pipes1 ,special ,k9ds (1 #afd ,plug ,tobacco = ,*ew+1 #abh ,pota%1 ,importance 9 ,tobacco1 #ei ,psy*ological ,effects ( ,tobacco ,smok+1 #bjb ,reh&l+ ( ,tobacco ,leaf1 #gg ,rev5ue ,d]iv$ f ,tobacco1 #bji ,%ade ,gr[n ,tobacco1 #be ,smoke1 ,tobacco1 ,nicot9e 91 #ahg ,snuff1 ,manufacture1 ,/ati/ics & ,k9ds1 #ade ,soils1 ,influ5ce on ,quality ( ,tobacco1 #bb ,su*sl&'s ,exp]im5ts ,) ,bact]ia on ,tobacco ,leaf1 #ha ,sumatran ,cig> ,leaf1 #aah ,tee? & ,tobacco1 #bja ,t]ms ,us$ 9 ,cig> ,trade1 #ajg ,?roat ,diseases ,due to ,use ( ,tobacco1 #agi ,tobacco1 ,analysis ( ,cont5ts1 #ee ,tobacco1 ,botanical ,in=mation1 #ae ,tobacco1 ,burn+ ,qualities (1 #baf ,tobacco1 ,culture1 #ba ,tobacco1 ,d5icotianiz$1 #baf ,tobacco1 ,effects ( on ,body1 #agc ,tobacco1 ,exportation f ,u4 ,s41 #ia ,tobacco1 ,flavor+ ,ess5ces1 #bad ,tobacco1 ,free ,importation 9 ,diff]5t ,c\ntries1 #baj ,tobacco1 ,hi/ory1 #ac ,tobacco ,leaf1 ,prices (1 #ga ,tobacco ,manufactur+ ,indu/ry1 ,capital1 etc41 #hi ,tobacco ,plant1 ,v>ieties1 #af ,treatm5t ( ,leaf ,be=e ,manufacture1 #hb ,turki% ,tobacco1 #cd ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,production ( ,tobacco1 #da ,v>ieties1 ,botanical (1 ,tobacco ,plant1 #af ,v>ieties ( ,am]ican ,gr[n ,tobacco ,leaf1 #dd1 #df ,vulcanite1 z ,pipe ,/em ,mat]ial1 #afc ,w>eh\se ,sy/em ( ,sale ( ,tobacco ,leaf1 #gj ,wat] ,pipes1 #afe ,yell[+ ( ,tobacco ,leaf1 #bg ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,passages 9 italics are indicat$ by italics4 ,subscript$ *>act]s are indicat$ by subscript4 ,! use ( ! ounce symbol is repres5t$ 9 ?is text z ounce4 ,! foll[+ mispr9ts h be5 correct$3 ,moveov] correct$ to ,moreov] 7page #ad7 posesses correct$ to possesses 7page #cg7 is correct$ to 9 7page #da7 #e five correct$ to #e 7page #fe7 tabacco correct$ to tobacco 7page #ff7 ,su*slanl correct$ to ,su*sl& 7page #he7 fill$ correct$ to fill] 7page #aaf7 org9ally correct$ to orig9ally 7page #aai7 7#d7 add$ 7page #abd7 on correct$ to or 7page #abg7 +r$iants correct$ to +r$i5ts 7page #abh7 ,dunham correct$ to ,durham 7page #acd7 "k correct$ to kn[n 7page #aed7 junipe correct$ to junip] 7page #aee7 ,mg,si#bjd correct$ to ,mg,si#b,o#d 7page #aee7 "w correct$ to ^w 7page #aee7 /e>ie correct$ to /e>ic 7page #aeh7 batt] correct$ to bett] 7page #afe7 occur+ correct$ to occurr+ 7page #aha7 pirty correct$ to dirty 7page #aha7 mode correct$ to made 7page #ahe7 ( correct$ to or 7page #bab7 ,mot correct$ to ,hot 7page #bac7 ,drugge/ correct$ to ,druggi/ 7page #bad7 ,o!r ?an ! corrections li/$ above1 spell+ inconsi/5cies h be5 reta9$ f ! orig9al4