,,! ,,true ,,/ory  ,,(  ,,my            
,,p>liam5t>y  ,,/ruggle4   ,,by  ,,*>les
 ,,bradlaugh4   ,illu/ration   ,,london3
 ,,free?\ght ,,publi%+ ,,company1 #bh1  
,,/onecutt] ,,/reet1 ,e4,c4 #ahhb4      
,,price ,,sixp5ce     ,,london3  ,,pr9t$
 ,,by ,,annie ,,besant ,,& ,,*>les      
,,bradlaugh1 #bh1 ,,/onecutt] ,,/reet1  
,e4,c4   ,s mu* misappreh5sion &        
misrepres5tation prevails z to :at has  
really tak5 place 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons )
 ref]5ce to my ,p>liam5t>y /ruggle1 t ,i
 repr9t ! ,report ( ! ,second ,select   
,committee & ! ,evid5ce tak5 be=e su*   
,committee1 toge!r ) my ?ree spee*es at 
! b> & ! resolutions ( ! ,h\se3 ^!      
toge!r giv+ ! actual facts4             
,ord]$1--,tuesday1 #be? ,may #ahhj3--,,t
 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh1 ! ,memb] =            
,nor?ampton1 hav+ claim$ at ! ,table (  
?is ,h\se to make an ,affirmation or    
,decl>ation in/ead ( ! ,oa? prescrib$ by
 ,law1 f\nd+ 8 claim ^u ! t]ms ( ! ,act 
#bi  #cj ,vict4 c4 #ai1 & ! ,evid5ce    
,am5dm5t ,acts ( #ahfi & #ahgj1 & /at+ t

 he _h be5 p]mitt$ to affirm 9 ,c\rts ( 
,ju/ice by virtue ( ! said ,evid5ce     
,am5dm5t ,acts3 ,& x hav+ be5 ref]r$ to 
a ,select ,committee to consid] & report
 _! op9ion :e!r p]sons entitl$1 "u !    
provisions ( ! ,evid5ce ,am5dm5t ,act1  
#ahfi1 & ! ,evid5ce ,am5dm5t ,act1      
#ahgj1 to make a solemn ,decl>ation     
in/ead ( an ,oa? 9 ,c\rts ( ,ju/ice1 may
 be admitt$ to make an ,affirmation or  
,decl>ation in/ead ( an ,oa? 9 ?is      
,h\se1 9 pursuance ( ! ,acts #bi  #cj   
,vict4 c4 #ai1 & #ca  #cb ,vict4 c4 #gb2
 ,& ! said ,committee hav+ report$ t 9  
_! op9ion su* p]sons _c be admitt$ to   
make an ,affirmation or ,decl>ation1    
in/ead ( an ,oa? 9 pursuance ( ! said   
,acts3  ,& ,mr4 ,bradlaugh hav+ s9ce    
come to ! ,table ( ! ,h\se = ! purpose (
 tak+ ! ,oa? prescrib$ by ! #bi  #cj    
,vict4 c4 #ai1 & ! #ca  #cb ,vict4 c4   
#gb1 & objection hav+ be5 made to 8 tak+
 ! said ,oa?1 x be ref]r$ to a ,select  
,committee to inquire into & consid] !  
facts & circum/ances "u :i* ,mr4        

,bradlaugh claims to h ! ,oa? prescrib$ 
by ! #bi  #cj ,vict4 c4 #ai1 & #ca  #cb 
,vict4 c4 #gb1 adm9i/]$ to him 9 ?is    
,h\se1 & also z to ! ,law applicable to 
su* claim "u su* circum/ances1 & z to ! 
"r & jurisdiction ( ?is ,h\se to refuse 
to all[ ! said =m ( ! ,oa? to be        
adm9i/]$ to him1 & to report !reon to ! 
,h\se1 toge!r ) _! op9ion !reon4        
,ord]$1--,friday1 #bh? ,may #ahhj3--,,t 
! ,committee d consi/ ( tw5ty-?ree      
,memb]s4  ,committee nom9at$ (--        
,mr4 ,:itbread4     ,sir ,john ,holk]4  
,mr4 ,john ,bright4     ,"l ,h5ry       
,l5nox4     ,mr4 ,massey4     ,mr4      
,/aveley ,hill4     ,sir ,h5ry ,jackson4
     ,mr4 ,attorney ,g5]al4     ,mr4    
,solicitor ,g5]al4     ,sir ,gabriel    
,goldney4     ,mr4 ,gran?am4     ,mr4   
,pemb]ton4     ,mr4 ,watk9 ,williams4   
,mr4 ,walpole4     ,mr4 ,hopwood4       
,mr4 ,b]es=d ,hope4     ,major ,nolan4  
,mr4 ,*apl94     ,mr4 ,s]jeant ,simon4  
,mr4 ,secret>y ,*ild]s4     ,mr4        
,trevelyan4     ,sir ,ri*>d ,cross4     

,mr4 ,gibson4  ,,t ! ,committee h p[] to
 s5d = ,p]sons1 ,pap]s1 & ,records4  ,,t
 ,five be ! ,quorum ( ! ,committee4     
,,report4   ,,! ,,select ,,committee    
appo9t$ to inquire into & consid] !     
facts     & circum/ances "u :i* ,mr4    
,,bradlaugh claims to h ! ,,oa?         
prescrib$ by ! #bi  #cj ,vict41 c4 #ai1 
& #ca & #cb ,vict41 c4 #gb1     adm9i/]$
 to him 9 ?is ,h\se2 & also z to ! ,,law
     applicable to su* claim "u su*     
circum/ances2 & z to !     "r &         
jurisdiction ( ?is ,h\se to refuse to   
all[ ! said     =m ( ! ,,oa? to be      
adm9i/]$ to him2 & to ,report !reon     
to ! ,h\se1 toge!r ) _! ,op9ion         
!reon3--,,h agre$ to     ! foll[+       
,,report3--  ,9 pursuance ( ! t]ms ( !  
ref]5ce to y\r ,committee1 !y h inquir$ 
into & consid]$ 7#a7 ! facts &          
circum/ances "u :i* ,mr4 ,bradlaugh     
claims to h ! oa? prescrib$ by !        
,p>liam5t>y ,oa?s ,act1 #ahff1 & !      
,promissory ,oa?s ,act1 #ahfh1 adm9i/]$ 
to him 9 ! ,h\se1 7#b7 ! ,law applicable

 to su* claim "u su* circum/ances1 &    
7#c7 ! "r & jurisdiction ( ! ,h\se to   
refuse to all[ ! =m ( ! said ,oa? to be 
adm9i/]$ to him4  ,9 ord] to c>ry out   
su* inquiry & consid]ation1 y\r         
,committee ?\ght x "r to exam9e ,sir ,t4
 ,ersk9e ,may z a witness be=e !m4 ,mr4 
,bradlaugh appli$ to be p]mitt$ to make 
a /atem5t to y\r ,committee1 & !        
application 0 grant$4 ,aft] su* /atem5t 
_h be5 made by ,mr4 ,bradlaugh1 he      
submitt$ himself = exam9ation1 & 0      
exam9$ by any ,memb]s ( y\r ,committee  
:o desir$ to put que/ions to him4 ,"u ! 
circum/ances appe>+ 9 ! ,evid5ce & 9 !  
,app5dix to ?is ,report1 y\r ,committee 
admitt$ 9 evid5ce a lett] writt5 by ,mr4
 ,bradlaugh to c]ta9 newspap]s1 dat$    
#bj? ,may1 #ahhj4 ,all ! evid5ce tak5 by
 y\r ,committee appe>s 9 ! ,app5dix to  
?is ,report4   ,facts ( ! ,case4  ,!    
facts & circum/ances "u :i* ,mr4        
,bradlaugh claim$ to take & subscribe ! 
,oa? are z foll[3 ,on ,monday1 ! #crd ( 
,may1 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh came to ! ,table (

 ! ,h\se & claim$ to be all[$ to affirm1
 z a p]son = ! "t be+ by law p]mitt$ to 
make a solemn affirmation in/ead ( tak+ 
an oa?2 & on be+ ask$ by ! ,cl]k ^u :at 
gr\nds he claim$ to make an affirmation1
 he said t he did s by virtue ( !       
,evid5ce ,am5dm5t ,acts1 #ahfi & #ahgj4 
,:]eupon ,mr4 ,speak] in=m$ ,mr4        
,bradlaugh1 t if he desir$ to address ! 
,h\se 9 explanation ( 8 claim1 he might 
be p]mitt$ to d s4 ,9 accordance ) ,mr4 
,speak]'s intimation1 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh   
/at$ %ortly t he reli$ on ! ,evid5ce    
,fur!r ,am5dm5t ,act1 #ahfi1 & !        
,evid5ce ,am5dm5t ,act1 #ahgj1 add+1 ,i 
h repeat$ly1 = n9e ye>s pa/1 made an    
affirmation 9 ! highe/ c\rts (          
jurisdiction 9 ?is realm2 ,i am ready to
 make su* a decl>ation or affirmation4  
,!reupon ,mr4 ,speak] acqua9t$ ! ,h\se t
 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh hav+ made su* claim1 he
 did n consid] himself ju/ifi$ 9 det]m9+
 x2 & hav+ grave d\bts on ! con/ruction 
( ! ,acts above /at$1 he desir$ to ref] 
! matt] to ! judgm5t ( ! ,h\se4 ,!reupon

 a ,select ,committee 0 appo9t$ to      
consid] & report _! op9ion :e!r p]sons  
entitl$1 "u ! provisions ( ! ,evid5ce   
,am5dm5t ,acts1 #ahfi & #ahgj1 to make a
 solemn decl>ation in/ead ( an oa? 9    
c\rts ( ju/ice1 might be admitt$ to make
 an affirmation or decl>ation in/ead (  
an oa?1 9 pursuance ( ! ,acts #bi  #cj  
,vict4 c4 #ai1 & #ca  #cb ,vict4 c4 #gb2
 & on ! #bj? ( ,may ! ,committee report$
 t1 9 _! op9ion1 p]sons s entitl$ c\ld n
 be admitt$ to make su* affirmation or  
decl>ation in/ead ( an oa? 9 ! ,h\se (  
,commons4  ,on ! day aft] ! receipt (   
?is ,report1 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh pres5t$    
himself at ! table ( ! ,h\se to take &  
subscribe ! ,oa?2 & 0 proce$+ to d s1 :5
 ,sir ,h5ry ,drummond ,wolff1 "o ( !    
,memb]s = ,portsm\?1 object$ !reto1 &   
,mr4 ,bradlaugh hav+ be5 ord]$ to )draw1
 ,sir ,h4 ,d4 ,wolff mov$1 ,t1 9 !      
op9ion ( ! ,h\se1 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh1 !    
,memb] = ,nor?ampton1 ought n to be     
all[$ to take ! ,oa? :i* he !n requir$  
to be adm9i/]$ to him1 9 consequ5ce ( 8 

hav+ previ\sly claim$ to make an        
affirmation or decl>ation in/ead ( !    
,oa? prescrib$ by law1 f\nd+ 8 claim ^u 
! t]ms ( ! ,act #bi  #cj ,vict4 c4 #ai1 
& ! ,evid5ce ,am5dm5t ,acts ( #ahfi &   
#ahgj2 & on ! gr\nd t "u ! provisions ( 
^? ,acts ! presid+ judge at a trial has 
be5 satisfi$ t ! tak+ ( an oa? w\ld h no
 b9d+ effects on 8 consci5ce4 ,?is      
,motion 0 sup]s$$ by an ,am5dm5t appo9t+
 y\r ,committee4   ,! ,law ,applicable  
to ,mr4 ,bradlaugh's ,claim4  ,y\r      
,committee h be5 furni%$ by ,sir ,t4    
,ersk9e ,may ) a li/ ( prec$5ts :i*     
illu/rate ! jurisdiction & proce$+s ( ! 
,h\se 9 reg>d to ! tak+ ( ,oa?s4 ,^!    
prec$5ts1 & o!rs :i* ,mr4 ,bradlaugh    
plac$ be=e y\r ,committee z be>+ on !   
case1 w be f\nd 9 ! ,app5dix to ?is     
,report4 ,!y may g5]ally be divid$ into 
?ree classes3 fir/1 cases ( refusal to  
take ! ,oa?2 secondly1 claims to make an
 ,affirmation1 in/ead ( tak+ ! ,oa?2 &1 
?irdly1 claims to omit a portion ( !    
,oa? ( ,abjuration4 ,among !m !re is no 

prec$5t ( any ,memb] com+ to ! table to 
take & subscribe ! ,oa?1 :o has n be5   
all[$ to d s1 nor ( any ,memb] com+ to !
 table & intimat+ expressly1 or by      
necess>y implication1 t an oa? w\ld n1 z
 an oa?1 be b9d+ on 8 consci5ce4 ,!     
pres5t case is1 !re=e1 "o ( fir/        
impression4  ,n[ !re is n only a prima  
facie "r1 b x is ! duty ( e ,memb] :o   
has be5 duly elect$ to take & subscribe 
! ,oa?1 or to affirm accord+ to !       
,/atute4 ,no in/ance has be5 br\ght to !
 att5tion ( y\r ,committee 9 :i* any    
inquiry has be5 made into ! moral1      
religi\s1 or political op9ion ( ! p]son 
:o 0 desir\s to take any ,promissory    
,oa?1 or ( any objection be+ made to 8  
tak+ su* ,oa?4 ,x w\ld be impossible to 
=esee ! evils :i* might arise if a      
contr>y practice 7 sanction$4 ,b ! "q   
rema9s :e!r1 if a ,memb] :5 ab\t to take
 ! ,oa? %\ld volunt>ily make /atem5ts z 
to ! b9d+ effect ( ! ,oa? on 8          
consci5ce1 x is n )9 ! p[] ( ! ,h\se to 
take su* /atem5ts into consid]ation1 &  

det]m9e :e!r su* memb] w\ld1 if he w5t  
?r\gh ! =m ( tak+ ! ,oa?1 be duly tak+ x
 )9 ! provisions ( ! ,/atute4 ,9 !      
pres5t in/ance1 :5 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh      
claim$ "u ! ,p>liam5t>y ,oa?s ,acts 8 "r
 to affirm1 & also /at$ t he _h on      
sev]al occasions be5 p]mitt$ 9 a ,c\rt (
 ,ju/ice to affirm1 & _h affirm$ "u !   
,evid5ce ,am5dm5t ,acts1 #ahfi & #ahgj1 
he !reby 9 effect in=m$ ! ,h\se t on su*
 occasions a judge ( su* c\rt _h be5    
satisfi$ t an oa? w\ld h no b9d+ effect 
^u 8 consci5ce4 ,y\r ,committee did n   
?9k x "r to accept ?is implication z    
conclusive )\t p]mitt+ ,mr4 ,bradlaugh  
an opportunity ( mak+ a /atem5t to1 &   
giv+ evid5ce be=e1 !m4 ,no?+ t has come 
be=e y\r ,committee has affect$ or alt]$
 _! views z to ! effect ( t :i* occurr$ 
:5 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh claim$ to affirm1 z  
above /at$4   ,z to ! ,"r &             
,jurisdiction ( ! ,h\se4  ,z to ! "r &  
jurisdiction ( ! ,h\se to refuse to all[
 ! =m ( ! ,oa? prescrib$ to be tak5 by  
duly elect$ ,memb]s to be tak5 by !m1   

y\r ,committee are ( op9ion t !re is &  
mu/ be an inh]5t p[] 9 ! ,h\se to       
require t ! law by :i* ! proce$+s ( !   
,h\se & ( its ,memb]s 9 ref]5ce to !    
tak+ ( ! ,p>liam5t>y ,oa? is regulat$1  
be duly obs]v$4 ,b ?is does n imply t   
!re is any p[] 9 ! ,h\se to int]rogate  
any ,memb] desir\s to take ! ,oa? (     
,allegiance ^u any subject 9 connection 
) 8 religi\s belief1 or z to ! ext5t !  
,oa? w b9d 8 consci5ce2 or t !re is any 
p[] 9 ! ,h\se to he> any evid5ce 9      
relation to su* matt]s4  ,& y\r         
,committee are ( op9ion t by & 9 mak+ ! 
claim to affirm1 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh        
volunt>ily br\ght to ! notice ( ! ,h\se 
t on sev]al occasions he _h be5 p]mitt$ 
9 a ,c\rt ( ,ju/ice to affirm1 "u !     
,evid5ce ,am5dm5t ,acts1 #ahfi & #ahgj1 
9 ord] to enable him to d :i* a ,judge (
 ! ,c\rt mu/ h be5 satisfi$ t an ,oa? 0 
n b9d+ ^u ,mr4 ,bradlaugh's consci5ce2  
&1 z he /at$ he _h act$ ^u su* decisions
 by repeat$ly mak+ ! ,affirmation 9     
,c\rts ( ,ju/ice2 &1 z above /at$1 no?+ 

has appe>$ be=e y\r ,committee to cause 
!m to ?9k ,mr4 ,bradlaugh diss5t$ f !   
correctness ( su* decisions1 y\r        
,committee are ( op9ion t1 "u !         
circum/ances1 ! compliance by ,mr4      
,bradlaugh ) ! =m us$ :5 an oa? is tak5 
w\ld n be ! tak+ ( an ,oa? )9 ! true    
mean+ ( ! ,/atutes #bi ,vict4 c4 #ai4 & 
#ca  #cb ,vict4 c4 #gb2 &1 !re=e1 t !   
,h\se c1 & 9 ! op9ion ( y\r ,committee  
ought1 to prev5t ,mr4 ,bradlaugh go+    
?r\gh ?is =m4  ,b y\r ,committee desire 
to po9t out to y\r ,honorable ,h\se !   
position 9 :i* ,mr4 ,bradlaugh w be     
plac$ if he is n all[$ ei!r to take !   
,oa? or to affirm4  ,if ! ,h\se (       
,commons prev5t a duly elect$ ,memb] f  
tak+ ! ,oa? or ,affirm+1 !re is no p[] (
 review+ or rev]s+ t decision1 h[ev]    
errone\s x may be 9 po9t ( law4  ,b x   
appe>s to y\r ,committee t if a ,memb]  
%\ld make & subscribe ! ,affirmation 9  
place ( tak+ & subscrib+ ! ,oa?1 x w\ld 
be possible1 by means ( an action br\ght
 9 ! ,high ,c\rt ( ,ju/ice1 to te/ 8    

legal "r to make su* ,affirmation4  ,!  
,committee appo9t$ to inquire into ! law
 relat+ to ! "r ( c]ta9 p]sons to affirm
 9 effect record$ t ,mr4 ,bradlaugh 0 n 
entitl$ by law to make ! ,affirmation4  
,b1 f ! fact t ?is ,report 0 c>ri$ by ! 
vote ( ! ,*airman1 ?us %[+ a great      
division ( op9ion among/ ! memb]s ( t   
,committee1 ! /ate ( ! law ^u ! subject 
_c be reg>d$ z satisfactorily det]m9$4  
,"u ^! circum/ances x appe>s to y\r     
,committee t ,mr4 ,bradlaugh %\ld h an  
opportunity ( hav+ 8 /atutory rights    
det]m9$ beyond d\bt by be+ all[$ to take
 ! only /ep by :i* ! legality ( 8 mak+  
an ,affirmation c be br\ght = decision  
be=e ! ,high ,c\rt ( ,ju/ice4  ,! ,h\se1
 by an ex]cise ( its p[]s1 c1 d\btless1 
prev5t ,mr4 ,bradlaugh f obta9+ su*     
judicial decision2 b y\r ,committee     
deprecate t c\rse4  ,y\r ,committee     
accord+ly recomm5d t %\ld ,mr4          
,bradlaugh aga9 seek to make & subscribe
 ! ,affirmation he be n prev5t$ f s do+4
  #af ,june1 #ahhj4     ,,li/ ,,(       

,,witnesses4   ,w$nesday1 #bnd ,june1   
#ahhj4  ,,sir ,,?omas ,,ersk9e ,,may1   
,k4,c4,b4  ,,mr4 ,,*>les ,,bradlaugh1   
,m4,p4  ,monday1 #g? ,june1 #ahhj4      
,,mr4 ,,*>les ,,bradlaugh1 ,m4,p4       
,,m9utes ,,( ,,evid5ce4  ,w$nesday1 #bnd
 ,june1 #ahhj4   ,,memb]s ,,pres5t3     
,mr4 ,attorney ,g5]al4     ,mr4 ,john   
,bright4     ,mr4 ,*ild]s4     ,sir     
,ri*>d ,cross4     ,mr4 ,gibson4        
,sir ,gabriel ,goldney4     ,mr4        
,gran?am4     ,mr4 ,/aveley ,hill4      
,sir ,john ,holk]4     ,mr4 ,b]es=d     
,hope4     ,mr4 ,hopwood4     ,sir ,h5ry
 ,jackson4     ,"l ,h5ry ,l5nox4        
,mr4 ,massey4     ,major ,nolan4        
,mr4 ,pemb]ton4     ,mr4 ,s]jeant       
,simon4     ,mr4 ,solicitor ,g5]al4     
,mr4 ,trevelyan4     ,mr4 ,walpole4     
,mr4 ,:itbread4     ,mr4 ,watk9         
,williams4  ,! ,"r ,honorable ,,sp5c]   
,,horatio ,,walpole 9 ! ,*air4   ,sir   
,,?omas ,,ersk9e ,,may1 ,k4,c4,b42      
,exam9$4  #a4 ,,*airman3 ,y are ! ,cl]k 
( ! ,h\se ( ,commons8--,i am4  #b4 ,y1  

,i believe1 are p]fectly acqua9t$ ) :at 
took place :5 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh came to ! 
table ( ! ,h\se1 & propos$ to make 8    
affirmation in/ead ( tak+ ! oa?8--,yes1 
,i 0 p]sonally pres5t on t day4  #c4 ,w 
y h ! k9dness to /ate to ! ,committee   
exactly :at took place on t occasion1 9 
ord] t we may h ! facts ^u our          
proce$+s8--,i w read :at occurr$1 ma9ly 
f ! ,votes & ,proce$+s ( ! ,h\se1 9 :i* 
an accurate & au!ntic record ( !        
proce$+s ( t day w be f\nd4 ,x appe>s t 
on ,monday ! #crd ( ,may1 #ahhj1 ,mr4   
,bradlaugh1 return$ z "o ( ! ,memb]s = !
 bor\gh ( ,nor?ampton1 came to ! table &
 deliv]$ ! foll[+ /atem5t 9 writ+ to !  
,cl]k3 ',to ! ,"r ,honorable ! ,speak] (
 ! ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,i1 ! und]sign$    
,*>les ,bradlaugh1 beg respectfully to  
claim to be all[$ to affirm1 z a p]son =
 ! "t be+ by law p]mitt$ to make a      
solemn affirmation or decl>ation1 in/ead
 ( tak+ an oa?4 7,sign$7 ,,*>les        
,,bradlaugh4' ,& be+ ask$ by ! ,cl]k ^u 
:at gr\nds he claim$ to make an         

affirmation1 he answ]$3 ,by virtue ( !  
,evid5ce ,am5dm5t ,acts1 #ahfi & #ahgj4 
,:]eupon ! ,cl]k report$ to ,mr4        
,speak]1 t ,mr4 ,bradlaugh1 ,memb] = !  
bor\gh ( ,nor?ampton1 claim$ to make an 
affirmation or decl>ation in/ead ( tak+ 
! ,oa? prescrib$ by law1 9 virtue ( !   
provisions ( ! ,evid5ce ,am5dm5t ,acts1 
#ahfi & #ahgj4 ,mr4 ,speak] !reupon     
in=m$ ,mr4 ,bradlaugh t if he desir$ to 
address ! ,h\se 9 explanation ( 8 claim 
he might be p]mitt$ to d s4 ,mr4        
,bradlaugh address$ ! ,h\se 9 accordance
 ) ,mr4 ,speak]'s intimation1 & !n he 0 
direct$ to )draw4 ,! ,committee w obs]ve
 t !re is no entry 9 ! ,votes ( ! words 
us$ by ,mr4 ,bradlaugh2 x is n cu/om>y  
on su* occasions to make an entry ( !   
obs]vations made1 :i* are consid]$ to be
 "p ( ! debates ( ! ,h\se1 :i* are n    
record$ 9 ! ,votes & ,proce$+s2 & !re 0 
no %or?& writ] au?oris$ by ! ,h\se to   
take notes1 & !re=e !re c\ld h be5 no   
au!ntic record ^u :i* "o c\ld rely4  #d4
 ,h y any reason to believe t some?+ 0  

said ^u t occasion by ,mr4 ,bradlaugh   
o!r ?an :at appe>$ ^u ! ,votes8--,mr4   
,bradlaugh's obs]vations 7 v %ort4 ,he  
repeat$ t he reli$ ^u ! ,evid5ce ,fur!r 
,am5dm5t ,act1 #ahfi1 & ! ,evid5ce      
,am5dm5t ,act1 #ahgj1 add+1 ,i h        
repeat$ly1 = n9e ye>s pa/1 made an      
affirmation 9 ! highe/ c\rts (          
jurisdiction 9 ?is realm2 ,i am ready to
 make su* a decl>ation or affirmation4  
,sub/antially ^? 7 ! words :i* he       
address$ to ! ,speak]4  #e4 ,:at took   
place aft] t8--,:]eupon ,mr4 ,speak]    
address$ ! ,h\se z foll[s3 ,i h n[      
=mally to acqua9t ! ,h\se t ,mr4        
,bradlaugh1 ,memb] = ! bor\gh (         
,nor?ampton1 claims to make an          
affirmation or decl>ation in/ead ( ! oa?
 prescrib$ by law4 ,he f\nds ?is claim  
^u ! t]ms ( ! #d? clause ( ! ,act #bi & 
#cj ,vict41 c4 #ai1 & ! ,evid5ce        
,am5dm5t ,acts1 #ahfi & #ahgj4 ,i h n   
consid]$ myself ju/ifi$ 9 det]m9+ ?is   
claim myself1 hav+ grave d\bts on !     
con/ruction ( ! ,acts above /at$1 b     

desire to ref] ! matt] to ! judgm5t ( ! 
,h\se4  #f4 ,t is sub/antially all t    
took place ^u t occasion8--,i presume ! 
,committee w sc>cely desire t ,i %\ld   
proce$ ?r\gh all ! subsequ5t ,votes ( ! 
,h\se 9 reg>d to ! appo9tm5t ( !        
,committees4  #g4 ,!re is no?+ beyond   
:at y h /at$ :i* is mat]ial = !         
,committee to consid]8--,no1 no?+       
besides :at happ5$ on t day 9 ref]5ce to
 ?is matt]4  #h4 ,y are1 ( c\rse1       
acqua9t$ ) ! t]ms ( ! ref]5ce to ?is    
,committee4--,yes4  #i4 ,:at 7 !        
proce$+s :i* took place aft] ! ,report (
 ! =m] ,committee8--,! ,report ( !      
,committee 0 ord]$ to lie ^u ! table1 & 
no fur!r proce$+s 7 tak5 ^u x2 x lies ^u
 ! table at pres5t4  #aj4 ,mr4 ,,gibson3
 ,on :at day 0 x laid ^u ! table8--,on !
 #bj? ( ,may1 ! day on :i* ! ,h\se      
assembl$ = bus9ess4  #aa4 ,mr4          
,,attorney ,,g5]al3 ,i ?9k "s ( ! memb]s
 ( ! ,committee w\ld l to h "s acc\nt ( 
:at took place 9 ! int]val betwe5 ! "t  
:5 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh claim$ to make !     

affirmation1 & ! "t :5 he appe>$ at !   
table to take ! ,oa?8--,mr4 ,bradlaugh  
pres5t$ himself at ! table to be sworn  
on ! #ba/ ( ,may1 ! day aft] ! receipt (
 ! ,report f ! ,committee2 & if !       
,committee w\ld desire x1 ,i c read f ! 
,m9utes :at took place ^u t occasion4   
,mr4 ,bradlaugh1 return$ z "o ( !       
,memb]s = ! bor\gh ( ,nor?ampton1 came  
to ! table to take & subscribe ! ,oa?1 &
 ! ,cl]k 0 proce$+ to adm9i/] ! same to 
him1 :5 ,sir ,h5ry ,drummond ,wolff1    
,memb] = ,portsm\?1 rose to take        
objection !reto1 & submit a motion to ! 
,h\se2 :]eupon ,mr4 ,speak] direct$ ,mr4
 ,bradlaugh to )draw4 ,& !n1 z !        
,committee are aw>e1 sev]al proce$+s    
occurr$1 :i* ext5d$ ov] "s days3 !      
,committee w sc>cely desire !m to be    
read4  #ab4 ,,*airman3 ,^? proce$+s are 
really /at$ 9 ! ,ord] ( ,ref]5ce to ?is 
,committee8--,yes4  #ac4 ,mr4 ,,gibson3 
,at :at date did ?is ,p>liam5t meet = ! 
fir/ "t8--,on ,?ursday1 ! #bi? ( ,april4
  #ad4 ,& on :at day did ,mr4 ,bradlaugh

 claim to make ! affirmation8--,on      
,monday1 ! #crd ( ,may4  #ae4 ,! swe>+ (
 ,memb]s _h be5 go+ on 9 ! meantime1 _h 
x n8--,! swe>+ ( ,memb]s began on       
,friday1 ! #cj? ( ,april4  #af4 ,y are  
acqua9t$ ) ,mr4 ,bradlaugh's appe>ance2 
are y y\rself aw>e :e!r he _h be5 9 !   
,h\se dur+ ! swe>+ ( ,memb]s on any ( ! 
int]v5+ days8--,he _h be5 ab\t ! ,h\se1 
unque/ionably4  #ag4 ,mr4 ,s]jeant      
,,simon3 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh 0 pres5t1 ,i   
believe1 & vot$ :5 ! ,speak] 0          
elect$8--,yes2 none ( ! memb]s _h !n be5
 sworn4  #ah4 ,,*airman3 ,s9ce ?is      
,committee has be5 appo9t$ h y made a   
se>* into ! ,j\rnals ( ! ,h\se = any    
prec$5ts :i* be> ^u ! "q be=e !         
,committee8--,yes1 ,i direct$ ! ,cl]k ( 
! ,j\rnals to make a se>* = e prec$5t   
:i* w\ld t5d to illu/rate ! jurisdiction
 & proce$+s ( ! ,h\se 9 reg>d to ! tak+ 
( oa?s4  #ai4 ,:at is ! result ( !      
se>*8--,! result ( t se>* is ! pap] :i* 
is ^u ! table to-day1 & 9 ! h&s ( all ! 
,memb]s ( ! ,committee4  #bj4 ,i see t  

"o ( ^? is a prec$5t ( a ,memb] disabl$ 
= hav+ sat 9 ! ,h\se )\t tak+ ! ,oa?2 !n
 !re is a prec$5t ( a ,memb] be+ admitt$
 to sit )\t tak+ ! ,oa? ( ,allegiance & 
,supremacy2 !n !re are prec$5ts (       
,memb]s be+ dis*>g$ = decl9+ to take !  
,oa?2 !n !re is a prec$5t ( a ,memb]1   
be+ a ,quak]1 refus+ to take ! ,oa?2 !n 
!re is a prec$5t ( a ,memb] expell$ =   
abscond+1 & n tak+ ! ,oa?2 !n !re is a  
prec$5t ( a ,memb] refus+ to take ! ,oa?
 ( ,supremacy2 !n !re is a prec$5t ( a  
,memb]1 be+ a ,quak]1 claim+ to make an 
affirmation2 !n !re are prec$5ts (      
,memb]s omitt+ ! words 9 ! ,oa? (       
,abjuration1 on ! true fai? ( a         
,*ri/ian2 & la/ly1 ! prec$5t ( a ,memb] 
/at+ t he _h a consci5ti\s objection to 
take ! ,oa?4 ,i %\ld l to ask :e!r !re  
is any prec$5t among/ ^? ( a memb] com+ 
to ! table & /at+ t he 0 ready to take !
 ,oa?1 & any objection be+ tak5 to him 9
 consequ5ce ( t /atem5t8--,no1 !re is no
 prec$5t to t effect1 unless x might be 
argu$ t ! case ( ,mr4 ,o',connell1 9    

#ahbi1 01 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 analog\s4   
,he claim$1 z ! ,committee are aw>e1 to 
take ! ,oa? rec5tly provid$ by !        
,ca?olic ,relief ,act1 & :i*1 he        
cont5d$1 0 ! oa? t he 0 entitl$ to take2
 x 0 a "q ( law :e!r t 0 ! oa? :i* he   
c\ld take4  #ba4 ,9 t case he refus$ to 
take ! old oa?1 & he (f]$ to take ! new 
oa? "u ! ,ca?olic ,relief ,act8--,t is  
s4  #bb4 ,& ! ,h\se refus$1 ,i believe1 
to all[ him to take t oa?8--,t 0 ! case4
 ,i may /ate briefly t ^! prec$5ts may  
g5]ally be divid$ into ?ree classes3    
fir/1 cases ( refusal to take ! oa?2    
secondly1 claims to make an affirmation 
in/ead ( tak+ ! oa?2 & ?irdly1 claims to
 omit a portion ( ! ,oa? ( ,abjuration4 
,) "o or two exceptional cases1 ^? ?ree 
classes compreh5d all ! cases :i* h be5 
laid be=e ! ,committee4  #bc4 ,mr4      
,,bradlaugh 7?r\gh ! ,committee73 ,i    
%\ld l to ask ^u t :e!r ! case ( ,daniel
 ,o',connell 0 n a case ( absolute      
refusal by ! ,memb] to take ! oa?       
requir$ by law8--,i ?9k ! be/ way w be1 

p]haps1 to read ! prec$5t f ?is pap]1 & 
!n any inf]5ce c be drawn f x4 ,x is at 
page #e4 ,prec$5t ( ,memb] refus+ to    
take ! ,oa? ( ,supremacy2 ,daniel       
,o',connell1 ,esq41 pr(ess+ ! ,roman    
,ca?olic religion1 return$ knight ( !   
%ire = ! c\nty ( ,cl>e1 be+ introduc$ 9 
! usual mann]1 = ! purpose ( tak+ 8     
seat1 produc$ at ! table a c]tificate ( 
8 hav+ be5 sworn be=e two ( ! deputies  
appo9t$ by ! ,"l ,/ew>t1 :]eupon ! ,cl]k
 t5d]$ to him ! ,oa?s ( ,allegiance1    
,supremacy1 & ,abjuration2 ^u :i* ,mr4  
,o',connell /at$ t he 0 ready to take ! 
,oa?s ( ,allegiance & ,abjuration1 b t  
he c\ld n take ! ,oa? ( ,supremacy1 &   
claim$ ! privilege ( be+ all[$ to take !
 oa? set =? 9 ! ,act pass$ 9 ! pres5t   
,session ( ,p>liam5t '= ! relief ( ,8   
,maje/y's ,roman ,ca?olic subjects'2    
:]eupon ! ,cl]k hav+ /at$ ! matt] to    
,mr4 ,speak]1 ,mr4 ,speak] in=m$ ,mr4   
,o',connell t1 accord+ to 8             
int]pretation ( ! law1 x 0 incumb5t ^u  
,mr4 ,o',connell to take ! ,oa?s (      

,allegiance1 ,supremacy & ,abjuration1 &
 t ! provisions ( ! new act appli$ only 
to ,memb]s return$ aft] ! comm5cem5t ( !
 said ,act1 except 9 s f> z reg>d$ !    
repeal ( ! decl>ation aga9/             
transub/antiation2 ,& t ,mr4 ,o',connell
 mu/ )draw unless he 7 prep>$ to take ! 
,oa?s ( ,allegiance1 ,supremacy1 &      
,abjuration4 ,:]eupon ,mr4 ,o',connell  
)drew4 ,motion1 ,t ,mr4 ,o',connell be  
call$ back & he>d at ! table4 ,debate   
aris+1 a ,memb] /at$ t he 0 reque/$ by  
,mr4 ,o',connell to desire t he might be
 he>d4 ,debate adj\rn$4 ,resolv$1 ,t    
,mr4 ,o',connell1 ! ,memb] = ,cl>e1 be  
he>d at ! b>1 by himself1 8 c\nsel or   
ag5ts1 9 respect ( 8 claim to sit & vote
 9 ,p>liam5t )\t tak+ ! ,oa? (          
,supremacy4 ,mr4 ,o',connell 0 call$ 9 &
 he>d accord+ly3 & be+ )drawn2 ,resolv$1
 ,t x is ! op9ion ( ?is ,h\se t ,mr4    
,o',connell1 hav+ be5 return$ a ,memb] (
 ?is ,h\se be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,act   
pass$ 9 ?is ,session ( ,p>liam5t '= !   
relief ( ,8 ,maje/y's ,roman ,ca?olic   

subjects1' is n entitl$ to sit or vote 9
 ?is ,h\se unless he fir/ take ! ,oa? ( 
,supremacy4 ,ord]$1 ,t ,mr4 ,o',connell 
d att5d ! ,h\se ?is day1 & t ,mr4       
,speak] d !n communicate to him ! said  
resolution1 & ask him :e!r he w take !  
,oa? ( ,supremacy4 ,& ! ,h\se be+ in=m$ 
t ,mr4 ,o',connell att5d$ at ! door1 he 
0 call$ to ! ,b>1 & ,mr4 ,speak]        
communicat$ to him ! resolution ( !     
,h\se ( ye/]day1 & ! ord] !reon1 z      
foll[e?4 ,!n ! resolution & ! ord] are  
repeat$4 ,& !n ,mr4 ,speak]1 pursuant to
 ! said ord]1 ask$ ,mr4 ,o',connell :e!r
 he w\ld take ! said ,oa? ( ,supremacy8 
,:]eupon ,mr4 ,o',connell reque/$ to see
 ! said ,oa?1 :i* be+ %[n to him        
accord+ly1 ,mr4 ,o',connell /at$ t !    
said ,oa? conta9$ "o proposition :i* he 
knew to be false1 & ano!r proposition   
:i* he believ$ to be untrue2 & t he     
!re=e refus$ to take ! said ,oa? (      
,supremacy4 ,& !n ,mr4 ,o',connell 0    
direct$ to )draw1 & he )drew accord+ly2 
& !n a new writ 0 ord]$4  #bd4 ,mr4     

,,john ,,bright3 ,7 ^? oa?s sep>ate     
oa?s8--,yes1 !y 7 ?ree sep>ate oa?s4    
#be4 ,& !y require ?ree sep>ate acts 9  
tak+ !m8--,yes4  #bf4 ,mr4 ,,attorney   
,,g5]al3 ,i ?9k ! result is t ! ,h\se   
fir/ det]m9$ t ! ,oa? ( ,supremacy :i*  
ought to be tak5 by ,mr4 ,o',connell 0 !
 old oa?1 & n ! oa? "u ! ,ca?olic       
,relief ,act8--,cle>ly4  #bg4 ,& hav+   
det]m9$ t x 0 ! old oa? t requir$ to be 
tak51 ,mr4 ,o',connell refus$ to take   
x8--,c]ta9ly4  #bh4 ,mr4 ,,bradlaugh    
7?r\gh ! ,committee73 ,h y se>*$ = any  
prec$5t affect+ ! tak+ ( ! oa? by a     
,memb] alleg$ to be disqualifi$ or      
ineligible2 has y\r att5tion be5 call$  
to ! case ( ,john ,horne ,tooke1 9      
,volume #ce ( ,p>liam5t>y ,hi/ory1 9 !  
ye> #ahja1 comm5c+ at page #ief8--,n 9  
respect ( any "q relat+ to oa?s3 x is n 
among/ ^! prec$5ts4  #bi4 ,z a fact1 0  
,mr4 ,john ,horne ,tooke's capacity to  
sit 9 ! ,h\se *all5g$ 9 ?is case8--,yes1
 z be+ 9 ,holy ,ord]s1 b n 9 relation to
 any "q ( tak+ ! oa?4  #cj4 ,! next "q t

 ,i h to ask is :e!r y\r att5tion has   
be5 call$ to ! case ( ! alleg$          
ineligibility ( ,francis ,bacon1 ! ,k+'s
 ,attorney ,g5]al1 9 #afad1 cit$ 9 !    
,commons ,j\rnal1 ,volume ,i41 pp4 #dei 
& #dfj8--,no1 my att5tion has n be5     
direct$ to any que/ions ( incapacity3 x 
has be5 conf9$ to que/ions aris+ out ( !
 tak+ ( ! oa?s prescrib$ by law4  #ca4  
,!re is "o o!r "q t ,i %\ld l to ask1 & 
t is :e!r y\r att5tion has be5 call$ to 
any case 9 :i* ! ,h\se has discuss$ &   
dealt ) ! election ( a ,memb]1 be=e t   
,committee 0 sworn8--,) reg>d to !      
,jews1 t w\ld apply to ,b>on ,ro?s*ild &
 to ,ald]man ,salomons4  #cb4 ,i d n    
mean a case ( a ,memb] refus+ to be     
sworn1 b a case 9 :i* ! ,h\se has dealt 
) ! election be=e ! ,memb] _h be5 sworn2
 has y\r att5tion be5 call$ to t8--,no4 
#cc4 ,!re is "o case1 ! case ( ,john    
,wilkes2 ! cases ( ,o',donovan ,rossa & 
,mit*ell 7 cases ( legal disability2 has
 y\r att5tion be5 call$ to any case 9   
:i* ! ,h\se has dealt ) ! election ( a  

,memb] be=e he 0 sworn except = /atutory
 disability8--,sir ,john ,le$es sat 9 ! 
,h\se )\t hav+ tak5 ! ,oa?1 & !re=e he  
_h cle>ly vacat$ 8 seat1 & a new writ 0 
issu$4  #cd4 ,i mean a case 9 :i* !     
,memb] has n be5 sworn1 & 9 :i* !re has 
be5 a discussion ^u 8 eligibility       
outside ! prec$5ts :i* y h h&$ 92 ,i    
ref] to ! case ( ,john ,wilkes1 :i* is  
to be f\nd 9 #ch ,commons ,j\rnals1 p4  
#igg1 & ,cav5di%'s ,p>liam5t>y ,debates1
 ,volume ,i41 ext5d+ ov] _m hundr$      
pages1 comm5c+ at #hbg4 ,may ,i ask ,sir
 ,ersk9e ,may :e!r ! practice has n be5 
t :5 a ,memb] appe>s to take ! ,oa?s )9 
! limit$ "t1 all o!r bus9ess is         
imm$iately to cease & n to be resum$    
until he has sworn & has subscrib$ !    
roll8--,t 0 ! old practice1 b x has be5 
sup]s$$ by a rec5t ,/&+ ,ord] "u !      
,p>liam5t>y ,oa?s ,act ( #ahff1 & ! rule
 is n[ diff]5t2 ,memb]s c be sworn until
 ! comm5cem5t ( public bus9ess &        
aft]w>ds2 b no debate or bus9ess may be 
int]rupt$ = t purpose4  #ce4 ,t is n q !

 "q t ,i wi% to put2 ! "q t ,i wi% to   
put is :e!r x is n n[ & has n always be5
 ! practice ( ! ,h\se t )9 a limit$ "t1 
:atev] t "t may be1 if a ,memb] appe>s  
to take ! oa?s all o!r bus9ess is       
imm$iately to cease & n to be resum$    
until he has be5 sworn & has subscrib$ !
 ,roll8--,t 0 ! old practice1 :5 ! oa?s 
7 requir$ to be tak5 be=e f\r o'clock1 b
 x has s9ce be5 alt]$4 ,?is is ! pres5t 
,/&+ ,ord] "u :i* ! oa?s are adm9i/]$1 &
 ?is ord] 0 made 9 pursuance ( !        
,p>liam5t>y ,oa?s ,act ( #ahff3 ,t      
,memb]s may take & subscribe ! ,oa?     
requir$ by law at any "t dur+ ! sitt+ ( 
! ,h\se be=e ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day &        
,notices ( ,motions h be5 ent]$ ^u1 or  
aft] !y h be5 dispos$ (1 b no debate or 
bus9ess %all be int]rupt$ = t purpose4  
#cf4 ,!n ,i aga9 repeat my "q1 :e!r !   
practice has n be5 t a ,memb] s appe>+  
"u ! ,/&+ ,ord] j read to take ! oa?1   
all o!r bus9ess is imm$iately to cease &
 n to be resum$ until he has be5 sworn &
 has subscrib$ ! ,roll8--,i h already   

/at$ t su* 0 ! old practice1 :i* has be5
 di/9ctly & specifically sup]s$$ by !   
la/ ,/&+ ,ord]1 :i* is n[ 9 =ce4  #cg4  
,is t ! ,/&+ ,ord] :i* y h j            
read8--,yes1 t is ! ,/&+ ,ord] n[ 9 =ce4
  #ch4 ,( c\rse x w be a matt] = argum5t
 :e!r x has alt]$ x or n1 b is !re any  
o!r ,ord] alt]+ ?is practice except ! "o
 :i* y h j read8--,!re is no o!r ,/&+   
,ord]1 & t ,/&+ ,ord] 0 made1 z ,i h    
already /at$1 9 pursuance ( !           
,p>liam5t>y ,oa?s ,act ( #ahff1 :i*     
au?oris$ ! ,h\se to make regulations )  
reg>d to ! swe>+ ( ,memb]s4  #ci4 ,b    
except s f> z x may h be5 alt]$ by !    
,/&+ ,ord] :i* y h j read1 0 ! practice 
t a ,memb] appe>+ to take ! oa? all o!r 
bus9ess 0 to cease1 & n to be resum$    
until he _h sworn & subscrib$ !         
,roll8--,yes1 c]ta9ly4  #dj4 ,mr4       
,,attorney ,,g5]al3 ,! pres5t ,/&+ ,ord]
 is dat$ ! #cj? ,april1 #ahff1 is x     
n8--,x is4  #da4 ,mr4 ,,bradlaugh 7?r\gh
 ! ,committee73 ,are y aw>e t ! ,h\se   
has refus$ to make any inquiry z to :at 

is consi/5t1 or :at is n consi/5t ) !   
,oa? ( ,allegiance tak5 by a ,memb]8--,i
 presume t ! ref]5ce mu/ be to a case   
:i* arose 9 debate4 ,t ,i d n consid]1 9
 any way1 9 po9t 9 ! pres5t inquiry1 b !
 "q 0 ?is3 ,9 "o case an attempt 0 made 
to obta9 f a ,memb] :o 0 ab\t to br+    
=w>d a motion1 a repudiation ( /atem5ts 
made else:]e1 :i* 7 alleg$ to be at     
v>iance ) ! oa? he _h tak52 b ! ,speak] 
/at$ t x 0 no "p ( 8 duty to det]m9e :at
 0 consi/5t ) t oa?1 & t ! t]ms ( !     
motion 7 n 9 violation ( any rules ( !  
,h\se4 ,t 0 a po9t ( ,ord]1 & _h no     
ref]5ce :atev] to ! tak+ ( ! ,oa?4  #db4
 ,mr4 ,,attorney ,,g5]al3 ,:at 0 !      
motion8--,x is 9 ! #baj? volume (       
,hans>d's ,debates1 #crd ,s]ies1 page   
#beb4 ,x is at page #aig ( my book1 9 a 
note4  #dc4 ,mr4 ,,john ,,bright3 ,9 :at
 ye>8--,on ! #ai? ,m>*1 #ahgb2 !re is   
m]ely an incid5tal ref]5ce to x4  #dd4  
,mr4 ,,bradlaugh 7?r\gh ! ,committee73  
,are y aw>e ( any prec$5t = ! deal+ by !
 ,h\se ) ! election ( any ,memb] n      

disqualifi$ by /atute or common law1    
until aft] t ,memb] _h sat & be5        
sworn8--,my att5tion has n be5 direct$  
to any prec$5t be>+ ^u t precise po9t1 b
 ,i appreh5d t ! fact ( :e!r ! ,memb] _h
 be5 sworn or n w\ld n int]f]e ) any    
proce$+s4 ,= example1 "u an election    
petition1 if a ,memb]'s seat 7 conte/$1 
"u ! old sy/em1 ! matt] w\ld h proce$$ 9
 ! usual way1 )\t ref]5ce to ! "q ( :e!r
 ! ,memb] _h tak5 ! ,oa? or n4  #de4 ,b 
9 su* a case ! ,memb] w\ld h be5 sworn1 
& w\ld h sat until ! "q 0 decid$8--,n   
necess>ily2 "u ! t]ms ( ! "q ,i assume t
 he _h n tak5 8 seat4  #df4 ,are !re n v
 num]\s cases 9 :i* ) a petition aga9/ a
 ,memb] = alleg$ /atutory               
disqualification t ,memb] has be5 sworn 
& has sat until !                       
decision8--,unque/ionably2 !re c be no  
d\bt ab\t x2 x frequ5tly happ5s4  #dg4  
,!n ,i ask :e!r !re is any prec$5t      
:atev] = ! ,h\se deal+ ) a ,memb]'s     
election or 8 "r to sit1 except 9 cases 
( absolute /atutory disqualification1   

until t ,memb] has tak5 8 seat & !      
oa?s8--,s f> z ,i und]/& ! "q1 ,i %\ld  
say t :e!r ! ,memb] has be5 sworn1 or n1
 ! matt] ( 8 disqualification1 or ( 8 "r
 to sit w\ld be op5 to ! decision ( !   
,h\se4  #dh4 ,i am n argu+ ! po9t at !  
mom5t2 ,i am only try+ to get at ! fact4
 ,if y h n look$ = x1 ( c\rse ,i _c h x2
 b is !re1 s f> z y "k1 any prec$5t (   
su* a ?+ ev] hav+ happ5$8--,i "k ( none2
 b ,i h n se>*$ = any su* prec$5t4  #di4
 ,mr4 ,,attorney ,,g5]al3 ,x w\ld n     
appe>1 w\ld x8--,i h>dly "k h[ x w\ld   
appe>2 unless "o's att5tion 7           
specifically drawn to any case1 !re w\ld
 be no means ( discov]+ x4  #ej4 ,mr4   
,,bradlaugh 7?r\gh ! ,committee73 ,i w  
ask :e!r t "q 0 n rais$ 9 ! case (      
,wilkes1 & :e!r x 0 n 9 ! consid]ation (
 t case fully discuss$1 & :e!r ! ,h\se  
did n resolve t any su* deal+ ) a memb] 
0 subv]sive ( ! rights ( ! :ole body (  
electors ( ?is k+dom8--,i d n und]/& h[ 
t case has any be>+ ^u ! pres5t "q4     
#ea4 ,!re are ?ree cases3 "o (          

expulsion1 two ( election annull$1 & !n 
ultimate rev]sal ( ! :ole ( t &         
expungm5t by ! ,h\se8--,yes1 b t has no 
be>+ ^u ! pres5t case4 ,( c\rse1 ,i am  
famili> ) ! case ( ,wilkes1 b n 9       
connection ) any matt] aris+ out ( !    
adm9i/ration ( oa?s1 :i* is ! special   
matt] ref]r$ to ?is ,committee4  #eb4 ,h
 y _h y\r att5tion call$ to ! ,j\rnal ( 
! ,h\se ( ,commons1 ,vol4 ,i41 page     
#dfj1 9 :i* ,sir ,francis ,bacon1 !     
,k+'s ,attorney ,g5]al1 hav+ sworn to 8 
qualification1 :i* 0 *all5g$1 ! ,h\se   
said1 ,_! oa?1 _! own consci5ces to look
 into1 n we to exam9e x8--,t case is n  
"o ( ! prec$5ts t we h collect$4        
,mr4 ,,bradlaugh3 ,!y are ent]$         
extremely curi\sly1 & "o      c only    
take ! decision4 ,x beg9s on page #dei1 
,eligibility      ( ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 
& x does n %[ !re t x is      ,sir      
,francis ,bacon3 b ,i h le>nt t by look+
 up !      o!r records2 & !re be+ !n a  
/atutory decl>ation      :i* la/$ until 
a few ye>s ago = all c\nsel1 solicitors1

      & practis+ m5 ( ! law1 x 0 object$
 t ! ,k+'s      ,attorney ,g5]al c\ld n 
sit2 x appe>s t he _h to swe>      to 8 
qualification1 & ! "q ( 8 oa? & ( 8     
disqualification1 be+ ,attorney ,g5]al1 
7 put1 & !      ,h\se said1 ,_! oa?1 _! 
own consci5ces to look into1      n we  
to exam9e x1 & !y left him 9 ! ,h\se1   
resolv+ t no future ,attorney ,g5]al    
%\ld sit 9 x4       ,,*airman3 ,t 0 !   
case :i* 0 rais$ z to :e!r !      law   
(fic]s ( ! ,cr[n1 :o _h = c]ta9 purposes
 seats      9 ! ,h\se ( ,lords1 _h seats
 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons4       ,mr4       
,,bradlaugh3 ,n q t4 ,!re 0 an obsolete 
/atute (      ! #df? ,edw>d ,,iii41 :i* 
0 only repeal$ eight or n9e      ye>s   
ago1 b :i* does n seem to h be5 att5d$  
to1 by      :i* all practis+ b>ri/]s &  
solicitors 7      disqualifi$ = sitt+ = 
c\nties4  #ec4 ,mr4 ,,b]es=d ,,hope3    
,wilkes's prec$5t be+ expung$1 is x /ill
 legible 9 ! ,j\rnal1 & c\ld x be       
produc$ = hi/orical                     
in=mation8--,c]ta9ly4  #ed4 ,major      

,,nolan3 ,) reg>d to ! evid5ce ab\t     
,o',connell1 ,i ?9k y /at$ t an ,act 0  
pass$ to enable ,o',connell & 8         
co-religioni/s to sit 9 ,p>liam5t8--,n  
to enable ,o',connell to sit 9          
,p>liam5t1 b to enable ,roman ,ca?olics 
to sit 9 ,p>liam5t4  #ee4 ,o',connell 0 
n all[$ to take advantage ( t ,act until
 he 0 re-elect$8--,no1 because he _h be5
 elect$ prior to ! pass+ ( ! ,act1 & !  
,act 0 cle>ly prospective4  #ef4 ,0 !   
word+ ( t p>ticul> /atute ! reason :y he
 0 n all[$ to take advantage ( t        
,act8--,c]ta9ly2 di/9ctly4  #eg4 ,w\ld x
 be possible = ! pres5t or any future   
,p>liam5t to pass an ,act :i* w\ld      
enable a man :o _h be5 elect$ previ\s to
 ! pass+ ( ! ,act to sit 9 ! ,h\se8--,x 
is n = me to say :at ,act ( ,p>liam5t   
might be agre$ to by ,p>liam5t1 b t is q
 a di/9ct case4 ,9 t case ,mr4          
,o',connell _h actually be5 elect$ :5 ! 
,ca?olic ,relief ,act 0 pass$1 & !re 0 a
 clause 9 ! ,act :i* made its op]ation  
prospective1 & !re=e di/9ctly1 &1 ,i    

believe1 int5tionally1 exclud+ ,mr4     
,o',connell f ! b5efits ( ! ,act4  #eh4 
,!n he 0 only prev5t$ f tak+ advantage (
 t ,act ow+ to ! p>ticul> word+ ( t     
p>ticul> clause1 & n ow+ to any?+ inh]5t
 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons8--,yes2 ! decision
 0 f\nd$ ^u a lit]al con/ruction ( !    
words ( ! rec5t /atute4  #ei4 ,mr4      
,,:itbread3 ,! case ( ,mr4 ,o',connell 0
 ?is3 t he decl9$ to take ! oa? :i* 0   
requir$ ( ,memb]s ( ,p>liam5t elect$ at 
! "t t he 0 elect$1 & t he reque/$ to be
 all[$ to take ano!r =m ( oa?2 he 0     
ord]$ to )draw1 & ! ,h\se consid]$ 8    
case2 is !re any?+ t y h f\nd 9 !       
,j\rnals or 9 ! ,debates to indicate t  
if ,mr4 ,o',connell _h be5 will+ to take
 ! oa? requir$ ( him by ! ,h\se1 ! ,h\se
 w\ld h object$ to 8 s tak+ x8--,c]ta9ly
 n2 !y put x to him :e!r he w\ld take ! 
,oa? ( ,supremacy1 & ^u ! face ( !      
,j\rnal1 x w\ld seem t if he _h tak5 t  
oa?1 he w\ld h be5 admitt$4  #fj4 ,mr4  
,,bradlaugh 7?r\gh ! ,committee73 ,aft] 
,john ,ar*dale _h claim$ to affirm1 did 

n ! ,h\se absolutely ord] him to att5d 9
 8 place = ! purpose ( be+ sworn1 & t5d]
 ! oa?s to him8--,mr4 ,ar*dale 0 ord]$  
to att5d1 & ! ,h\se be+ in=m$ t ,mr4    
,ar*dale att5d$ accord+ to ord]1 8 lett]
 to ,mr4 ,speak] 0 read4 ,t lett] is    
pr9t$ at full l5g? among ! prec$5ts4 ,& 
! sev]al /atutes qualify+ p]sons to come
 into & sit & vote 9 ?is ,h\se 7 read1  
viz41 ( ! #cj ,c>4 ,,ii41 #a ,w4 &      
,m>iae1 & #g  #h ,w4 & ,m>iae4 ,& !n !  
said ,mr4 ,ar*dale 0 call$ 91 & he came 
into ! middle ( ! ,h\se1 almo/ to !     
table2 & ,mr4 ,speak]1 by direction ( ! 
,h\se1 ask$ him :e!r he _h tak5 ! oa?s1 
or w\ld take ! oa?s1 appo9t$ to qualify 
himself to be a ,memb] ( ?is ,h\se2 to  
:i* he answ]$1 ,t 9 reg>d to a pr9ciple 
( 8 religion he _h n tak5 ! oa?s1 nor   
c\ld take !m2 & !n he )drew1 & a new    
writ 0 ord]$4  #fa4 ,mr4 ,s]jeant       
,,simon3 ,) ref]5ce to :at ! ,honorable 
,memb] = ,b$=d has put to y j n[1 ,mr4  
,o',connell refus$ to take ! ,oa? (     
,supremacy on ! gr\nd t x conta9$ matt] 

:i* he knew to be untrue1 & o!r matt]   
:i* he believ$ to be untrue8--,yes1 he s
 /at$4  #fb4 ,!reupon he )drew2 b is !re
 any prec$5t among ! ,j\rnals to %[ t a 
,memb] /at+ be=eh& t :at 0 conta9$ 9 !  
oa? 0 untrue1 or a matt] ( unbelief to  
him1 has be5 all[$ to take ! oa? "u su* 
circum/ances8--,no1 ?is is ! only       
prec$5t1 s f> z ,i "k1 ( t p>ticul> "*4 
,! o!rs are cases ( absolute refusal to 
take ! oa?1 or a desire to make an      
affirmation in/ead ( an oa?1 or to leave
 out c]ta9 words ( ! ,oa?4  #fc4 ,b is  
!re any prec$5t :]e1 z 9 ! case ( ,mr4  
,o',connell1 a ,memb] com+ to ! table ( 
! ,h\se1 has made a /atem5t su* z ,mr4  
,o',connell made1 t ! oa? conta9s matt] 
:i* he kn[s to be untrue1 or believes to
 be untrue1 & has be5 all[$ to take !   
oa? aft]w>ds8--,!re is no case to be    
f\nd1 s f> z ,i "k2 c]ta9ly !re is none 
9 any ( ^! prec$5ts4  #fd4 ,mr4         
,secret>y ,,*ild]s3 ,is ! prec$5t 9 ,mr4
 ,o',connell's case ?is2 t on ! #ae?    
,may ,mr4 ,o',connell said t he c\ld n  

take ! ,oa? ( ,supremacy1 & t1          
nev]!less1 on ! #ai?1 he 0 ask$ :e!r he 
w\ld take ! ,oa? ( ,supremacy1 al?\gh he
 _h previ\sly in=m$ ! ,h\se t he 0      
unable to take x8--,yes1 because he _h  
be5 he>d1 9 ! int]val1 ^u 8 claim to    
take ! new oa?1 "u ! rec5t ,ca?olic     
,relief ,act4  #fe4 ,b 0 n t a prec$5t =
 a ,memb] :o _h already /at$ t he c\ld n
 take a c]ta9 oa?1 nev]!less be+        
aft]w>ds ask$ by ! ,h\se :e!r he w\ld   
take x8--,x s appe>s on ! face ( !      
prec$5ts4  #ff4 ,i w put t "q aga9 m    
cle>ly2 is x n ! case t1 z appe>s on    
page #e ( ! ,pap] :i* y h plac$ be=e u1 
,mr4 ,o',connell on ! #ae? ,may said1 t 
he c\ld n take ! ,oa? (                 
,supremacy8--,yes4  #fg4 ,& t1          
nev]!less1 on ! #ai? ( ,may x 0 ord]$ t 
,mr4 ,speak] d communicate to him !     
,resolution pass$ on ! same day1 & ask  
him :e!r he w\ld take ! ,oa? (          
,supremacy8--,x 0 s4  #fh4 ,al?\gh !    
,h\se 0 aw>e t ,mr4 ,o',connell _h said 
t he c\ld n take x8--,yes2 b z ,i obs]v$

 be=e1 9 ! int]val he _h be5 he>d ^u !  
"q ( 8 "r to take ! new oa?2 & t1 ,i    
?9k1 acc\nts = ! fact t ! "q 0 repeat$  
to him z to :e!r1 aft] ! decision ( !   
,h\se _h be5 communicat$1 he /ill p]si/$
 9 refus+ to take ! ,oa? ( ,supremacy4  
#fi4 ,mr4 ,,watk9 ,,williams3 ,0 n ,mr4 
,o',connell's objection to tak+ ! ,oa? (
 ,supremacy an objection to ! tru? ( !  
matt] sworn to8--,yes1 c]ta9ly2 & x 0 an
 oa? :i* no ,roman ,ca?olic c\ld take4  
#gj4 ,x 0 ! tru? ( ! matt] :i* he 0 ask$
 to pl$ge 8 oa? to t he object$ to1 & he
 did n express any disbelief 9 ! b9d+ "*
 ( ! oa? itself8--,no4 ,e ,roman        
,ca?olic object$ to take ! ,oa? (       
,supremacy2 9 fact1 ! ,oa? ( ,supremacy 
0 expressly design$ to exclude !m f     
,p>liam5t4  #ga4 ,mr4 ,,attorney        
,,g5]al3 ,& 9 consequ5ce ( ! objection a
 new =m ( oa? 0 put 9 ! ,ca?olic ,relief
 ,bill8--,c]ta9ly1 because ! ,oa? (     
,supremacy 0 int5d$ to exclude ,roman   
,ca?olics1 & did exclude !m1 & 0 kn[n to
 exclude !m4  #gb4 ,mr4 ,,watk9         

,,williams3 ,x 0 n 8 inability to take !
 oa?1 b 8 inability to pl$ge himself to 
! tru? ( :at he 0 ask$ to swe>          
to8--,c]ta9ly4  #gc4 ,mr4 ,,/aveley     
,,hill3 ,i ga!r f y t ! ,h\se nev] ask$ 
,o',connell to take ! oa? aft] 8 giv+ ! 
gr\nds ( recusancy8--,yes1 t is s4  #gd4
 ,mr4 ,s]jeant ,,simon3 ,x appe>s t !   
,speak] fir/ ask$ him :e!r he w\ld take 
! ,oa? ( ,supremacy1 & !n he says1 ,no1 
& gives ^? reasons8--,yes4  #ge4 ,mr4   
,,pemb]ton3 ,9 addition to ,mr4         
,o',connell's hav+ be5 he>d aft] he _h  
at fir/ decl9$ to take ! oa?1 0 !re n "s
 fur!r discussion 9 ! ,h\se 9 :i* o!r   
,memb]s took "p8--,c]ta9ly2 ^? ,debates 
w all be f\nd 9 ,hans>d4  #gf4 ,sir     
,,gabriel ,,goldney3 ,8 refusal to take 
! oa? 9 ! fir/ in/ance 0 accompani$ by a
 claim at ! same "t to take ! new       
oa?8--,cle>ly4  #gg4 ,x 0 a refusal to  
take ! oa? accompani$ by a claim = a new
 "o2 aft]w>ds he 0 all[$ to be he>d ^u t
 po9t1 & !n x 0 t ! ,h\se1 hav+ decid$ t
 he c\ld n be admitt$ on ! new oa?1 he 0

 ask$ if he *ose to take ! old oa?1 :i* 
he refus$ to d8--,t is a correct /atem5t
 ( ! case4  #gh4 ,mr4 ,,hopwood3 ,)     
reg>d to ! po9t ( ! ,/&+ ,ord]s z to :i*
 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh has ask$1 z ,i und]/&  
y1 "u ! old practice1 z po9t$ out 9     
,hatsell1 & z we "k x exi/$1 ! occasion 
( a ,memb] com+ to be sworn caus$ all   
o!r bus9ess to cease8--,yes4  #gi4 ,& !n
 z y say1 a ,/&+ ,ord] 0 pass$ t        
p>ticul> times m appropriate %\ld be    
allott$ = tak+ ^? oa?s8--,yes4  #hj4 ,b 
ev5 ?\gh t may be s at ! "t ( tak+ an   
oa?1 no o!r bus9ess c g on8--,cle>ly n2 
x is ! sole bus9ess t is transact$ at ! 
mom5t4  #ha4 ,no o!r bus9ess c be       
int]pos$1 & no?+ else c be proce$$ ) b !
 oa? ( ! ,memb]8--,c]ta9ly n2 x is !    
bus9ess ( ! mom5t1 & no o!r bus9ess c   
int]pose4  #hb4 ,mr4 ,,gibson3 ,y h be5 
ask$ by sev]al honorable ,memb]s ab\t   
,o',connell's case2 9 y\r op9ion1 is !re
 ! slighte/ analogy betwe5 ! facts &    
circum/ances 9 ,o',connell's case & ^? (
 ! case n[ be=e ! ,committee8--,i see   

none myself1 b ,i w\ld r leave su*      
que/ions = ! det]m9ation ( ! ,committee4
 ,i h /at$ ! case 9 pr9t1 & ( c\rse !   
po9ts ( diff]5ce are matt]s ( argum5t4  
#hc4 ,s f> z y "k1 is !re any prec$5t = 
p]mitt+ a ,memb] ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons to
 take ! ,oa? aft] he has /at$ 9 ! ,h\se 
expressly1 or by necess>y implication1 t
 x w h no b9d+ effect ^u 8              
consci5ce8--,!re is no su* case on      
record1 s f> z ,i h _h ! means (        
asc]ta9+4   ,mr4 ,,*>les ,,bradlaugh1 a 
,memb] ( ! ,h\se2 ,exam9$3  #hd4        
,,*airman3 ,y 7 9 ! room1 ,i ?9k1 :5    
,sir ,?omas ,ersk9e ,may gave t "p ( 8  
evid5ce z to a matt] :i* 0 n on ! ,votes
 & ,proce$+s8--,yes1 b :i* took place ^u
 ! occasion ( my fir/ com+ to (f] to    
affirm4  #he4 ,is t accurately & fully  
/at$8--,x is accurately & fully /at$4 ,i
 %all h to ask ! indulg5ce ( !          
,committee if 9 any ( ! po9ts :i* ,i    
press !re seems to be any undu5ess 9 !  
press+ ( !m1 because1 z f> z ,i c see1  
?is is ! fir/ occasion on :i* su* a     

matt] has aris54 ,9 ! ref]5ce :i* !     
,committee h to deal )1 ,i claim to be  
sworn & take my seat by virtue ( my due 
return1 a return unta9t$ by illegality (
 any description1 & 9 pursuance ( !     
,/atute ( ! #e? ( ,ri*>d ,,ii41 :i* puts
 ^u me ! duty ( com+ "h to be sworn & d 
my duty "u p5alty ( f9e & imprisonm5t4  
,i d n "k :e!r ! ,committee wi% t ,i    
%\ld read ! ,/atute4 ,x is ! second     
,/atute ( ,ri*>d ,,ii42 x is on page    
#bbh ( ! revis$ ,/atutes1 ,vol4 ,i42 x  
is a ,/atute ( ! ye> #achb4 ,i submit t 
al?\gh a ,memb] may n sit & vote until  
he has tak5 ! oa?s1 he is entitl$ to all
 ! o!r privileges ( a ,memb]1 & is      
o!rwise reg>d$ bo? by ! ,h\se & ! laws z
 qualifi$ to s]ve1 until "s o!r         
disqualification has be5 %[n to exi/2 & 
,i quote 9 support ( t ,sir ,?omas      
,ersk9e ,may's book1 p4 #bjb1 t !re is  
no?+ 9 :at ,i did 9 ask+ to affirm :i* 9
 any way disqualifi$ me f tak+ ! ,oa?4  
,! evid5ce t t is s is f\nd 9 ! case (  
,ar*dale1 on page #c ( ! ,prec$5ts h&$ 9

 by ,sir ,?omas ,ersk9e ,may1 :]e1 aft] 
,john ,ar*dale _h claim$ to affirm1 he 0
 call$ into ! ,h\se1 & ,mr4 ,speak]1 by 
direction ( ! ,h\se1 ask$ him if he w\ld
 take ! oa?s2 t ,i h nev] at any "t     
refus$ to take ! ,oa? ( ,allegiance     
provid$ by ,/atute to be tak5 by        
,memb]s2 t all ,i did 01 believ+ z ,i !n
 did1 t ,i _h ! "r to affirm1 to claim  
to affirm1 & ,i 0 !n absolutely sil5t z 
to ! oa?2 t ,i did n refuse to take x1  
nor h ,i !n or s9ce express$ any m5tal  
res]vation1 or /at$ t ! appo9t$ ,oa? (  
,allegiance w\ld n be b9d+ ^u me2 t1 on 
! contr>y1 ,i say1 & h said1 t !        
ess5tial "p ( ! oa? is 9 ! fulle/ & mo/ 
complete degree b9d+ ^u my honor &      
consci5ce1 & t ! repeat+ ( words (      
assev]ation does n 9 ! slighte/ degree  
weak5 ! b9d+ effect ( ! ,oa? (          
,allegiance ^u me4 ,i may say1 t if x   
w\ld be m conv5i5t = any ,memb] ( !     
,committee to ask me any "q ^u my       
/atem5t z ,i g on1 x w n int]rupt me at 
all4  #hf4 ,i ?9k ! ,committee w\ld r   

he> y ?r\gh4--,i submit t accord+ to law
 ! ,h\se ( ,commons has nei!r ! "r nor !
 jurisdiction to refuse to all[ ! said  
=m ( oa? to be adm9i/]$ to me1 !re be+  
no legal disqualification on my "p ( :i*
 ! ,h\se c or ought to take notice1 &   
!re be+ on my "p an express dem& to take
 ! ,oa?1 ?is dem& be+ unaccompani$ by1 &
 free f1 any res]vation or limitation4  
,i submit t !re is no case 9 :i* ! ,oa? 
( ,allegiance has be5 refus$ to any     
,memb] respectfully & unres]v$ly t5d]+  
himself to be sworn4 ,i submit t any    
,memb] prop]ly pres5t+ himself to be    
sworn1 & n refus+ to be sworn1 is       
entitl$ to be sworn1 & to take 8 seat   
)\t int]ruption1 & t ! discussion ( any 
disqualification or ineligibility mu/ 9 
su* case1 accord+ to ! practice &       
prec$5t ( ,p>liam5t1 take place aft] !  
,memb] has tak5 8 seat2 & ,i quote 9    
support ( t ,john ,horne ,tooke's case1 
:i* came be=e ! ,h\se 9 #ahja4 ,x 0     
alleg$ t ,john ,horne ,tooke 0          
ineligible because he 0 an orda9$       

cl]gyman ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,!re he 0  
all[$ to take ! oa?s fir/1 & aft] he _h 
tak5 ! oa?s ,e>l ,temple rose & said 7,i
 am quot+ f page #ief ( ! ,p>liam5t>y   
,hi/ory1 ,volume #ce71 t he obs]v$ a    
g5tleman :o _h j retir$ f ! table aft]  
hav+ tak5 ! ,oa?s :om he conceiv$ to be 
incapable ( hav+ a seat 9 ! ,h\se 9     
consequ5ce ( 8 hav+ tak5 prie/'s ord]s1 
& be5 induct$ into a liv+4 ,e>l ,temple 
agre$ he w\ld wait to see if a petition 
7 pres5t$ aga9/ him1 & if n he %\ld move
 a resolution ^u ! subject2 & ultimately
 a resolution 0 mov$ t ,john ,horne     
,tooke 0 ineligible4 ,! ,h\se all[$     
,john ,horne ,tooke to sit1 b decl>$    
cl]gym5 = ! future to be ineligible =   
sitt+4 ,i rely ^u t z %[+ t ! prop]     
c\rse to be pursu$1 suppos+ t any ,memb]
 %\ld ?9k t ,i am ineligible1 is to wait
 until ,i h be5 sworn & h tak5 my seat1 
& !n to *all5ge x2 & t ?is is cle>1     
because if x 7 n s x w\ld be possible = 
! fir/ #da ,memb]s sworn or = a majority
 ( t #da1 t is1 = #ba ,memb]s to h9d] ! 

swe>+ ( all ,memb]s com+ lat] to ! table
 )\t any rem$y on ! "p ( ! ,memb]s      
aggriev$2 & ,i submit1 ) great respect =
 ! evid5ce ( ,sir ,?omas ,ersk9e ,may1 t
 he has misappreh5d$ ! =ce ( ! ,/&+     
,ord] t he read to y4 ,hatsell's        
,prec$5ts1 ,volume ,,ii41 page #ij1     
decl>es di/9ctly t :5 a ,memb] appe>s to
 take ! oa?s )9 a limit$ "t1 all o!r    
bus9ess is imm$iately to cease1 & n to  
be resum$ until he has be5 sworn & has  
subscrib$ ! ,roll2 & ) great submission 
to ,sir ,?omas ,ersk9e ,may1 !re is no  
^w 9 ! ,/&+ ,ord] :i* he quot$ z alt]+ &
 *ang+ t practice1 :i* does s alt] &    
*ange x4 ,all t ! ,/&+ ,ord] does is to 
specify ! "t & ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,memb]s  
might come to ! table to be sworn1 :i*  
_h n be5 hi!rto specifi$2 b x does n 9  
any way deal ) :at 0 to happ5 :5 !y did 
come to ! table to be sworn4 ,& if !    
,committee w\ld p]mit me respectfully to
 submit1 x w\ld be mo/ dang]\s to !     
,h\se if x 7 n s4 ,! fir/ bat* ( ,memb]s
 call$ ov] by ! ,cl]k ( ! ,h\se are     

sworn1 & !y may !n1 if ! cont5tion rais$
 ^u ! ,/&+ ,ord] quot$ by ,sir ,?omas   
,ersk9e ,may be correct1 prev5t e o!r   
,memb] be+ sworn1 if !re be m ?an #dj4  
,!y may fulfil all ! duties ( a ,h\se ( 
,commons1 & d :at !y please1 )\t any    
rem$y1 z ! matt] /&s2 e election might  
be decl>$ null & void1 & e "o s5t back  
to _! con/itu5cies "o aft] ano!r4 ,i    
submit also t ! case ( ! ,attorney      
,g5]al1 ,sir ,francis ,bacon1 ,volume   
,i4 ( ! ,commons ,j\rnal1 page #dei1 is 
also a prec$5t 9 ! same direction4 ,i am
 oblig$ to tell ! ,committee t ,i _c    
quote x ) ! same reliance t ,i c put ^u 
,horne ,tooke's case1 = ! notes seem to 
h be5 tak51 ,i w n say irregul>ly1 b !y 
d n seem to convey ! :ole ( :at took    
place1 & !re=e ,i c only deal ) !       
result4 ,sir ,h4 ,hob>t is quot$ z be+ !
 only attorney t ha? be5 9 ?is ,h\se2 & 
!n !re arises a discussion1 "s ( :i*    
does n seem to me to be mat]ial1 z to   
:e!r ! !n ,attorney ,g5]al c\ld sit or  
n1 & ,i f9d 9 ! returns t ! ,attorney   

,g5]al at t date 0 ,sir ,francis ,bacon1
 :o1 ?ree days aft] ?is discussion1     
elect$ to sit = ! ,univ]sity (          
,cambridge1 & al?\gh ,i h n ! legal     
evid5ce1 because ! returns are          
incomplete = t ye>1 z he elect$ to sit =
 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 !           
probability is t he _h also be5 return$ 
= a c\nty4 ,!re 0 !n a ,/atute ( ! #df? 
,edw>d ,,iii41 :i* has only rec5tly be5 
repeal$1 :i* made a practis+ man ( ! law
 absolutely ineligible2 & x also appe>s 
t !re 0 "s oa? ( qualification1 ( :i* ,i
 h n be5 able to f9d ! words1 :i* 0 !n  
tak5 by a ,memb] com+ to ! table2 & x   
appe>s "h t ! ,oa? 0 alleg$ 9 ! c\rse ( 
! discussion1 & two ?+s 7 said :i* ,i   
press ^u ! att5tion ( ! ,committee2 "o1 
t ! prec$5ts to disable a ,memb] ought  
to be %[n on ! side ( ^? :o seek to     
disable 7x is n writt5 s l5g?ily z t2 ! 
words are1 ,! prec$5ts to disable him   
ought to be %[$ on ! o!r side71 & ! o!r 
is1 ,_! oa?1 _! own consci5ces to look  
unto1 n we to exam9e x1 :i* meant1 z ,i 

submit1 t ! ,h\se did n con/itute itself
 into an ,inquisition to look beh9d a   
man com+ to take ! ,oa?1 b t1 subject to
 8 be+ dealt ) by law if he _h tak5 x   
improp]ly1 or subject to a legal        
disqualification be+ made cle> to !     
,h\se1 !y assum$ 8 oa? to be prop]ly    
tak54 ,i submit t ev5 ,memb]s absolutely
 petition$ aga9/ & alleg$ to be         
disqualifi$ or ineligible by law1 are   
always all[$ to be sworn :5 !y come to !
 table to be sworn & to sit p5d+ !      
decision ( ! petition4 ,! only cases :i*
 ,i h f\nd ( absolute legal             
disqualification 9 :i* ! ,memb]'s       
election 0 annull$ be=e he _h ent]$ !   
,h\se1 are ! cases ( ,mit*ell &         
,o',donovan ,rossa 7bo? ( :om 7 away71 &
 ! case ( ,john ,wilkes1 :o 0 physically
 incapacitat$ f tak+ ! oa? f ! act t he 
0 9 ! cu/ody ( ! law at ! "t1 & ^? :o   
held him w\ld n h p]mitt$ him to come to
 ! table to be sworn4 ,^? are ! only    
cases ev5 ) an allegation ( an absolute 
disqualification 9 ! case ( ,o',donovan 

,rossa & ,mit*ell1 & ( a                
disqualification alleg$1 b n admitt$1 & 
n legal1 n /atutory1 9 ! case ( ,wilkes1
 t ,i h be5 able to f9d2 & 9 ,wilkes's  
case ! ,h\se has solemnly decid$ t x did
 wrong !re1 & ,i submit t x ought n to d
 x aga94 ,b "h ! return is n que/ion$4  
,x is n pret5d$ t !re has be5 a s+le    
circum/ance ( illegality connect$ ) !   
election1 ! sole po9t be+1 ,am ,i       
qualifi$ to sit8 ,if ,i am qualifi$ to  
sit1 ,i h ! duty to take ! ,oa?1 & !    
,h\se has nei!r ! "r nor ! jurisdiction 
to refuse ! ,oa? to me1 nor to int]rupt 
me 9 ! tak+ ( x4 ,if my qualification or
 eligibility to sit is to be discuss$1 !
 prec$5t = ! prop] mode ( discuss+ t    
qualification is 9 ,horne ,tooke's case1
 & rightly s1 because !n ,i h !         
opportunity f my place 9 ! ,h\se (      
def5d+ myself1 & ( correct+ any         
mis/atem5ts t may possibly be urg$ by   
,memb]s :o may be too anxi\s t ,i %\ld n
 sit1 suppos+ 9 any o!r ,h\se ( ,commons
 x %\ld happ51 & x !n gives ! ,memb]    

attack$ fair play4 ,:ile ,i admit       
entirely t ! ,h\se has a full & mo/     
complete "r to expel any sitt+ ,memb]1 &
 ?is 9 its own discretion1 & = any      
reasons 9 its wisdom suffici5t1 ,i      
submit t x has nev] done ?is )\t fir/   
call+ ^u ! ,memb] to be he>d 9 8 own    
def5ce1 & t t _c possibly happ5 until ! 
,memb] is sworn & is sitt+4 ,i submit t 
:ile ! ,h\se has ! "r to annul !        
election ( a p]son absolutely           
disqualifi$ by law1 x has nev]1 except 9
 "o case1 t ( ,john ,wilkes1 claim$ ! "r
 to int]f]e1 & 9 t case x ultimately    
expung$ f its proce$+s ! :ole ( its     
ho/ile resolutions1 z be+ subv]sive ( ! 
rights ( ! :ole body ( electors ( ?is   
k+dom4 ,i quote on t ! ,commons ,j\rnal1
 ,vol4 #ch1 #crd ( ,may #aghb4 ,i d n   
?9k t ,i %\ld be "r 9 tr\bl+ !          
,committee ) ! v /rong argum5ts us$ "t  
aft] "t by ,edmund ,burke1 ,?omas ,pitt1
 & o!rs2 b ,i want to po9t out ?is1 t 9 
addition to ! *>ge on :i* ,john ,wilkes 
0 expell$ f ! ,h\se 7& ,i am n que/ion+ 

8 orig9al expulsion71 !re 7 also *>ges  
introduc$ aga9/ ,john ,wilkes = 8       
publications outside ! ,h\se4 ,t w be   
f\nd 9 #a/ ,cav5di%1 page #gc & page    
#abi1 & !y are *>ges f> exce$+ any?+ 7if
 ,i may judge f ! reports :i* h ev5 be5 
put 97 9 relation to any suppos$        
publications ( my own4 ,none ( ^? *>ges 
7 ultimately consid]$ by ! ,h\se to     
ju/ify ! int]f]5ce ( ! ,h\se ) ! *oice (
 ! con/itu5cy4 ,to use ! words ( ,mr4   
,?omas ,pitt1 on page #cej ( ,cav5di%1  
words endors$ by ! ,h\se itself1 ,no?+ b
 a positive law c enable y to           
circumscribe ! electors 9 _! *oice ( a  
repres5tative1 h[ev]1 indiscreet !y may 
be 9 _! *oice4 ,i consid] n[ on :at     
gr\nds is x claim$ t ! ,h\se ( ,commons 
has ! "r & jurisdiction1 foll[+ ! words 
( ref]5ce1 to refuse to all[ me to take 
& subscribe ! ,oa?8 ,is x = a           
disqualification or ineligibility exi/+ 
prior to my election & cont9u+ d[n to ! 
"t ( my election--,i mean a             
disqualification or ineligibility creat$

 by ,/atute or exi/+ at common law8 ,no 
su* disqualification is ev5 pret5d$4 ,is
 x = a disqualification or ineligibility
 ( l legal "* aris+ s9ce my election8   
,no su* disqualification is pret5d$4 ,is
 x = conduct n am\nt+ to absolute       
disqualification legally1 b conduct =   
:i* ! ,h\se has 9 its discretion ex]cis$
 its rights & jurisdictions by expell+ a
 ,memb]8 ,x mu/ be ?is1 or x is no?+4   
,if !re is nei!r legal disqualification 
prior to my election1 nor legal         
disqualification subsequ5t to my        
election1 !n !re mu/ be su* conduct n   
am\nt+ to absolute legal                
disqualification z w\ld1 7 ,i a sitt+   
,memb]1 ju/ify ! ,h\se 9 us+ its        
discretion to expel a ,memb]4 ,b if t   
conduct be prior to ! election1 !n ,i   
submit t ! con/itu5cy is ! sole &       
sov]eign judge ( ! fitness ( ! c&idate1 
su* c&idate n be+ legally disqualifi$1 &
 t :]e ! *os5 & duly return$ c&idate is 
ready to p]=m 8 duties1 ?is ,h\se has   
nei!r ! "r nor ! jurisdiction to revoke 

! decision ( ! con/itu5cy2 & t 9 ! only 
case 9 :i* ! ,h\se did s int]f]e x      
aft]w>ds solemnly record$ t its conduct 
0 illegal1 z be+ subv]sive ( ! rights ( 
! :ole body ( ! electors ( ?is k+dom4   
,if ! compla9t aga9/ me is = conduct    
aris+ s9ce my election1 !n ,i submit t  
ev5 if su* matt]s ju/ify my expulsion z 
a ,memb]1 ! po9t c\ld only be rais$ aft]
 ,i _h be5 he>d 9 my place aga9/ !      
,resolution1 & t ! matt] c\ld n arise   
until ,i h tak5 ! ,oa? & become entitl$ 
to speak1 sit1 & vote4 ,manife/ly ?is   
mu/ be s1 z o!rwise x w\ld always be 9 !
 p[] ( a majority to exclude f com+ to  
take 8 seat any ,memb] to :om !y might h
 an objection2 & al?\gh su* a ?+ is1    
luckily1 n probable n[1 !re h be5 times1
 ev5 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 :5
 a majority1 ev5 ( election committees1 
z ,i read 9 ! ,records ( ! ,h\se1 h     
s\ght by m]e prejudice to exclude       
,memb]s4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ! m necess>y t at
 any rate a ,memb] %\ld h ! "r to be    
he>d 9 8 own def5ce4 ,i submit t !re is 

no prec$5t :atev] = prev5t+ a ,memb] f  
tak+ 8 seat & ! ,oa?1 on ! gr\nd (      
conduct n am\nt+ to absolute legal      
disqualification4 ,!re is no su* prec$5t
 to be f\nd at all1 & ,i h se>*$ v      
c>efully inde$4 ,i put ! "q to ,sir     
,ersk9e ,may le/ any?+ %\ld h escap$ me1
 & ,i say absolutely !re is no prec$5t4 
,!n ,i submit t x w\ld n be consi/5t ) !
 dignity ( ! ,h\se to exam9e any /atem5t
 made by any ,memb] outside ! ,h\se1 z  
to any ( its proc$ure1 & t 9 fact !     
,h\se has firmly refus$ to all[ a ,memb]
 to be *all5g$ z to :e!r or n "s ( 8    
extra-,p>liam5t>y utt]ances 7 inconsi/5t
 ) 8 ,oa? ( ,allegiance2 & "h ,i %\ld l 
! ,committee to come to a decision1     
because x w\ld alt] & abridge my        
argum5t4 ,if ! ,committee ?\ght 7,i w   
put a suppositi\s case7 t1 say !re 7 "s 
docum5t t !y ?\ght !y _h ! "r to take   
into consid]ation "h1 !n :ile ,i %\ld   
object to t1 ,i %\ld l to h !           
opportunity ( address+ ! ,committee z to
 t4 ,s f> z ! evid5ce has gone1 ,i h n  

he>d ( any1 except ! m]e /atem5t 9 !    
,h\se1 only ,i judg$ f a "q put by an   
honorable & le>n$ ,memb] t some?+ 0     
pass+ 9 8 m9d 7:i*1 by ! way1 did n seem
 to me to be ! fact7 ju/ify+ a "q put to
 ,sir ,?omas ,ersk9e ,may z to :e!r !   
,oa? c\ld be adm9i/]$ to a man :o _h    
done some?+ ei!r actually or by         
implication repudiat+ ! effect ( t ,oa?4
 ,i h he>d no?+ 9 ! evid5ce1 s f> z x   
has gone1 giv+ ! slighte/ color or      
w>ranty = su* a "q4 ,if !re are any     
facts to be dealt ) by ?is ,committee   
o!r ?an t1 !n ,i %\ld l to "k ! facts1 &
 to argue ^u !m2 b x w\ld be only wa/+ !
 "t ( ! ,committee to address argum5t to
 any po9t :i* ! ,committee w\ld n ?9k x 
"r to consid]2 & ,i %\ld be glad if1    
be=e go+ fur!r into my /atem5t1 !       
,committee ?\ght x "r to intimate to me 
_! view ^u t4  ,! ,committee delib]at$4 
#hg4 ,,*airman3 ,i ?9k ! ,committee w\ld
 l to und]/& f y ! k9d ( objection t y  
are anticipat+ be=e y proce$ ) y\r      
argum5t2 z ,i und]/ood y1 y took ?is k9d

 ( objection3 ,i wi% to "k :e!r !       
,committee are go+ into any proce$+s    
ext]nal to ! proce$+s :i* took place 9 !
 ,h\se1 or w ent]ta9 ! consid]ation ( ^?
 que/ions1 & t if !y did s y w\ld wi% to
 be he>d ^u t po9t2 ,i und]/ood y also  
to say t beyond t g5]al "q z to any     
proce$+s :i* may h tak5 place z "p ( !  
transaction 9 any o!r place ?an ! ,h\se 
itself1 y wi% to "k :e!r ! ,committee   
w\ld take su* matt] into _!             
consid]ation2 am ,i "r 9 suppos+ t to be
 ! "* ( y\r objection8--,n q4           
,practically my "q is ?is3 ,w ?is       
,committee take any facts into          
consid]ation o!r ?an ^? ( :i* ,i h he>d 
evid5ce giv51 & ^? :i* h be5 /at$ by    
myself 9 ! c\rse ( my argum5t8 ,if s1 ,i
 %\ld l to "k1 because ,i und]/ood !    
p]mission ( ! ,committee to be t ,i %\ld
 address !m at ! close ( ! case be=e _! 
delib]ations1 & ,i %\ld submit ) all    
respect t ! ,committee w\ld n take "o   
matt] ( fact into _! consid]ation to    
influ5ce !m 9 _! delib]ations :i* ,i _h 

n ! opportunity ( address+ !m ^u4 ,if !y
 h f9i%$1 & if !re are no facts except  
^? :i* ,i h he>d to be dealt )1 x       
enables me to turn out & elim9ate a     
portion ( ! argum5t :i* ,i h prep>$4  ,!
 ,committee delib]at$4  #hh4 ,,*airman3 
,! ,committee h consid]$ ! matt] :i* y h
 submitt$ to !m1 & !y reque/ me to in=m 
y t memb]s ( ! ,committee d propose1    
aft] y\r /atem5t is conclud$1 to ask "s 
que/ions ( y2 b ,i h to in=m y1 at !    
same "t1 t y w be invit$1 & are invit$1 
to /ate any objections t y may ent]ta9  
to any su* que/ions :5 put1 & t y %all h
 a full opportunity ( address+ !        
,committee aft] !y h he>d y\r answ]s to 
! que/ions s put8--,t w enable me to    
elim9ate a portion ( my argum5t4 ,i wi% 
to submit to ! ,committee "o obs]vation 
on ! prec$5t ( ,daniel ,o',connell1 & t 
is t1 z a matt] ( fact1 ! evid5ce ( ,sir
 ,?omas ,ersk9e ,may %[s t he           
misappreh5d$ t prec$5t4 ,x 0 a refusal  
by ,daniel ,o',connell to take ! ,oa?s  
by law requir$ ( a memb] at ! date ( 8  

election4 ,betwe5 ! date ( 8 election & 
! date ( 8 refusal ! law _h *ang$1 b x  
_h n *ang$ 7s ! ,h\se int]pret$ !       
,/atute1 or s ! ,/atute ran1 ,i d n "k  
:i*7 at ! date ( 8 election4 ,s t ,i    
submit t ,daniel ,o',connell's case is a
 case ( a ,memb] refus+ to take ! ,oa?  
by law requir$2 & ,i fur!r submit t !   
,p>liam5t>y ,debates w %[ t ! words :i* 
appe> z be+ us$ by ,mr4 ,o',connell on !
 #ai? ( ,may1 suffici5tly express$ 8    
reason = refus+ to take ! ,oa? (        
,supremacy "s days at lea/ be=e ! ,h\se 
ask$ him aga9 to take x4 ,!n ,i h only  
two o!r matt]s :i* ,i %\ld wi% to submit
 to ! ,committee4 ,"o is t ,i h1 nei!r  
directly nor indirectly1 obtrud$ ^u !   
,h\se1 s9ce ,i h be5 a ,memb]1 any ( my 
utt]ances or publications ^u any subject
 :atev]2 t !re is no prec$5t1 except 9 !
 case ( ,john ,wilkes1 = any ref]5ce on 
! "p ( any oppos+ ,memb] to su*         
publications by any ,memb] prior to !   
tak+ ( 8 seat2 & t ! ultimate decision (
 ! ,h\se 9 ,john ,wilkes's case is      

directly aga9/ ! introduction by any    
,memb] ho/ile to me ( any su* matt] z a 
reason = my n be+ all[$ to take my seat4
 ,f9ally1 ,i mo/ respectfully submit t  
,i h grave matt] ( compla9t t my        
privileges z a ,memb] ( ! ,h\se (       
,commons h be5 s]i\sly infr+$1 & t !    
rights ( ! electors1 my con/itu5ts1 h   
be5 ignor$ 9 ! attacks made ^u me )\t   
previ\s notice to me2 attacks to :i* ,i 
_h no opportunity ( mak+ a dignifi$     
reply2 attacks :i*1 if ! newspap]       
reports be accurate1 7 9 _m in/ances    
bas$ ^u absolute misappreh5sion or      
misquotation ( my publications1 & 9 "o  
in/ance at any rate1 bas$ ^u ! mo/      
extreme misrepres5tation ( my conduct4  
,i ?ank ! ,committee = li/5+ to me1 & ,i
 regret if my want ( k ( ! =ms ( ! ,h\se
 has involv$ my say+ any?+ 9 a mann] 9  
:i* ! ,committee w\ld pref] t ,i %\ld n 
h said x4  #hi4 ,t is all y wi% to /ate 
at pres5t8--,t is all ,i wi% to /ate at 
pres5t ^u ! evid5ce z tak5 by !         
,committee4 ,if fre% evid5ce %\ld be    

tak51 ,i %\ld ask ! p]mission ( !       
,committee to h ! "r ( address+ !m ^u t4
  #ij4 ,! ,committee w n[ proce$ to     
exam9e y4--,be=e any "q is put to me1 w 
y1 ,sir1 tell me :5 is ! prop] "t to    
object to any "q :i* ,i may ?9k ,i h !  
"r to object to8  #ia4 ,:5 ! "q is put1 
be=e answ]+ x8--       ,mr4 ,,attorney  
,,g5]al3 ,y w und]/& t ,i am n 9 any    
s5se cross-exam9+ y1 b m]ely to cle> up 
:at took      place 9 ! ,h\se4       ,i 
am entirely 9 ! h&s ( ! ,committee4     
#ib4 ,we "k f ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,h\se t y 
did at ! table ( ! ,h\se make a claim1 9
 ! fir/ in/ance1 to make affirmation    
in/ead ( tak+ ! oa?8--,yes4  #ic4 ,& we 
und]/& t y did s on ! gr\nd t y 7 a     
p]son entitl$ to make affirmation )9 !  
t]ms ( ! ,evid5ce ,am5dm5t ,acts ( #ahfi
 & #ahgj8--,t 0 !n my impression ( !    
law1 & t 0 ! claim :i* ,i made4  #id4 ,&
 ,i presume1 ( c\rse1 t at ! "t :5 y    
made t claim y f\nd$ x ^u ! belief t y 7
 entitl$ to make affirmation 9 ! ,h\se (
 ,commons8--,i made t claim solely ^u my

 belief t ! law entitl$ me to make x4   
#ie4 ,!n z reg>ds y\r p[] to give       
evid5ce "u ! ,evid5ce ,am5dm5t ,acts 9  
c\rts bo? civil & crim9al1 y ( c\rse put
 x be=e ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 z a fact1 t 
y 7 a p]son entitl$ 9 ^? c\rts to make  
affirmation8--,yes4  #if4 ,& ,i presume 
t y 7 acqua9t$ ) ! t]ms ( ^? ,acts1 !   
subject int]e/+ y8--,q4  #ig4 ,7 y aw>e 
t if y y\rself 7 call$ z a witness1 x   
w\ld be necess>y be=e y 7 all[$ to make 
affirmation 9 a c\rt1 ei!r civil or     
crim9al1 "u ! ,acts ( #ahfi & #ahgj1 t  
two ?+s %\ld be e/abli%$2 fir/1 t y     
y\rself object$ to take ! oa?1 or t y\r 
"r to take x 0 object$ to by "s "o else2
 & !n1 secondly1 t ! judge w\ld be      
requir$ to satisfy himself t ! tak+ ( an
 oa? by y w\ld h no b9d+ effect ^u y\r  
consci5ce8--,no1 t is n my int]pretation
 ( ! ,/atute1 nor d ,i ?9k x has always 
be5 7al?\gh ,i ?9k x has sometimes be57 
! int]pretation ( ! judge or o!r presid+
 (fic] deal+ ) x4  #ih4 ,w\ld y k9dly   
expla9 y\r own view z to ! s5se 9 :i* y 

read ! /atute ( #ahfi1 :i* says t !     
judge mu/ satisfy himself t ! oa? is n  
b9d+ ^u ! consci5ce ( ! p]son wi%+ to   
affirm1 ! words be+1 ,if any p]son call$
 to give evid5ce 9 any c\rt ( ju/ice1   
:e!r 9 a civil or crim9al proce$+1 %all 
object to take an oa?1 or %all be       
object$ to z incompet5t to take an oa?1 
su* p]son %all1 if ! presid+ judge is   
satisfi$ t an oa? w\ld h no b9d+ effect 
on 8 consci5ce1 make ! foll[+ promise & 
decl>ation8--,my int]pretation is t ^u  
c]ta9 answ]s be+ giv5 by ! witness1 !   
judge is b\nd to take 8 affirmation1 ev5
 suppos+ t ! judge himself %\ld n be (  
op9ion t ! oa? is n b9d+ ^u him2 & x has
 be5 decid$ s by ! ,c\rt ( ,que5's ,b5*4
 ,9 ! case ( ex p>te ,l5n>d v4 ,woolry*1
 a man t5d]$ 8 affirmation at ! ,we/m9/]
 ,police ,c\rt1 & ! magi/rate ask$ him  
7,i am repeat+ f memory1 b repeat+      
p]fectly accurately ! sub/ance ( :at    
appe>s 9 ! affidavits fil$ 9 ! ,c\rt (  
,que5's ,b5*71 ,:y d y object8 ,he said1
 ,i am an ,a!i/4 ,! magi/rate refus$ to 

all[ him to give evid5ce ^u affirmation1
 & ! c\rt held t ^u he>+ t answ] !re 0  
en\gh "u ! ,act1 & t ! magi/rate 0 b\nd 
to take ! man's evid5ce1 & issu$ a      
m&amus to compel him4  #ii4 ,y w n      
suppose t ,i am argu+ ) y1 b z ,i und]/&
 t case ! witness :o t5d]$ himself hav+ 
said he 0 an ,a!i/1 ! c\rt held t !     
magi/rate 0 b\nd to draw ! inf]5ce f t  
ass]tion t ! oa? 0 n b9d+1 & !re=e to   
let him make ! affirmation8--,t is s4   
,:e!r ! presid+ (fic] did draw ! inf]5ce
 or n1 ! c\rt held t he 0 b\nd to4      
#ajj4 ,!n ,i d n ?9k t !re is mu*       
diff]5ce betwe5 u2 b ,i assume t :5 y   
come to ! table ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 & 
ask$ leave to make affirmation in/ead ( 
tak+ ! ,oa?1 y 7 a p]son1 z ,i und]/& x1
 :o1 if y _h gone into a c\rt ( ju/ice &
 made ! same reque/1 w\ld h be5 held by 
! presid+ judge to be "o ^u :om ! oa?   
w\ld h no b9d+ effect8--,i did ?9k s :5 
,i appli$ to affirm4 ,i d n ?9k s s9ce !
 ,report ( y\r ,committee1 = y\r        
,committee has report$ t ! two oa?s are 

entirely diff]5t4  #aja4 ,x is a "q = y3
 d y draw any di/9ction betwe5 ! b9d+   
effect ^u y\r consci5ce ( ! ,ass]tory   
,oa?1 z x is call$1 & ! ,promissory     
,oa?8--,mo/ c]ta9ly ,i d4 ,! ,te/imony  
,oa? is n b9d+ ^u my consci5ce1 because 
!re is ano!r =m :i* ! law has provid$   
:i* ,i may take1 :i* is m consonant ) my
 feel+s4 ,! ,promissory ,oa? is & w be  
b9d+ ^u my consci5ce if ,i take x1      
because ! law1 z int]pret$ by y\r       
,committee1 says t x is ! =m :i* ,i am  
to take1 & ! ,/atute requires me to take
 x4  #ajb4 ,pray d n answ] ?is "q unless
 y l3 am ,i to und]/& y t ! b9d+ effect 
^u y\r consci5ce ( ! ,oa? dep5ds ^u :e!r
 !re is an alt]native me?od ( tak+ t :i*
 is to y equival5t to ! oa?8--,no1 mo/  
c]ta9ly n4 ,any =m t ,i w5t ?r\gh1 any  
oa? t ,i took1 ,i %\ld reg>d z b9d+ ^u  
my consci5ce 9 ! fulle/ degree4 ,i w\ld 
g ?r\gh no =m1 ,i w\ld take no oa?1     
unless ,i meant x to be s b9d+4  #ajc4  
,pray object if y d n wi% to answ] ?is  
"q3 ,by virtue ( :at d y reg>d t        

ass]tion :i* y make )9 ! ,oa? z         
b9d+8--,i h n caught y\r "q1 if y w     
p>don me = say+ s4  #ajd4 ,by virtue (  
:at portion ( :at is conta9$ 9 ! ,oa? d 
y feel t y\r consci5ce is b\nd2 is x by 
! m]e fact t y repeat ! words !re9      
conta9$1 or is x by t :i* is conta9$ 9 !
 =m ( ! ,oa?8--,^? words1 ,i d swe> t ,i
 w be fai?ful & be> true allegiance to  
h] ,maje/y ,que5 ,victoria1 h] heirs &  
successors1 accord+ to law1 are to me1  
b9d+ 9 ! mo/ full & complete & ?or\gh   
degree on my consci5ce4  #aje4 ,if y    
read a promise out ( any book or pap]1 &
 said1 ,i promise s to d1 is !re m b9d+ 
effect 9 ^? words t y h read ?an 9 ! m]e
 ord9>y ass]tion ( a promise8--,yes1    
because ?is read+ is by law1 & by !     
decision ( y\r ,committee int5d$ to be !
 =m 9 :i* ,i pl$ge my allegiance z a    
,memb]4  #ajf4 ,!n if x 7 a =m sanction$
 by law1 z 9 ! case ( an affirmation1 is
 !re any m effect ^u y\r m9d if y take x
 9 ! =m ( :at we call an oa? ?an if y   
took x simply by words ( affirmation or 

promise8--,if ! =m sanction$ by law ran 
,i affirm1 or ,i decl>e & affirm1 or ,i 
solemnly & s9c]ely decl>e & affirm t ,i 
w be fai?ful & be> true allegiance to h]
 ,maje/y ,que5 ,victoria1 h] heirs &    
successors1 accord+ to law1 t w\ld be   
equally b9d+ ^u my consci5ce4  #ajg4 ,d 
y atta* any express or p>ticul> mean+ to
 ! words ,i swe>8--,! mean+ t ,i atta*  
to !m is t !y are a pl$ge ^u my         
consci5ce to ! tru? ( ! decl>ation :i*  
,i am mak+4  #ajh4 ,b a pl$ge giv51 may 
,i ask1 to :om8--,a pl$ge giv5 to !     
prop]ly con/itut$ au?orities1 :omsoev]  
!y may be1 :o are entitl$ to receive x f
 me4  #aji4 ,d y attribute any m mean+  
to ^? words ?an a pl$ge to human be+s   
ar\nd y8--,i atta* no m mean+ to ^?     
words ?an ,i d to a pl$ge to human be+s 
au?oris$ by law to take su* a pl$ge f me
 "u simil> solemn circum/ances4  #aaj4  
,b ! solemn circum/ances1 ,i suppose1   
are ! m]e mundane circum/ances8--,!     
/atutory circum/ances4 ,i meant solemn  
simply 9 ! s5se ( be+ ! /atutory        

circum/ances2 ,i meant to di/+ui% betwe5
 t & m]e conv]sation4  #aaa4 ,i ?9k we  
und]/& f y\r answ]s t y d n attribute   
any m weight to ! use ( ! words ,i swe>1
 & to ! words ,s help me ,god1 ?an y    
w\ld to an ord9>y promise if x 7 giv5 "u
 ! same circum/ances z ^? "u :i* y gave 
t promise 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons8--,i     
conceive myself entitl$ by law to       
di/+ui%1 & ,i beg !re=e to object to s  
mu* ( ! "q z deals ) ! words ,s help me 
,god1 my objection be+ f\nd$ on ! case (
 ,mill] v4 ,salomons1 9 ! #ag? ,juri/1 &
 ! case ( ! ,lanca/] & ,c>lisle ,railway
 ,company v4 ,heaton 9 ! #d? ,juri/1 new
 s]ies4  #aab4 ,i presume by t answ] y  
mean t ,s help me1 ,god is no "p ( ! oa?
 or promise1 b m]ely ! =m 9 :i* x is    
tak58--,t is s2 x is m]ely a =m (       
assev]ation4  #aac4 ,w y conf9e y\rself1
 !n1 to ! words ,i swe>8--,i w4  #aad4  
,d y attribute any great] weight or any 
mean+ to ! words ,i swe>1 & to ! fact ( 
kiss+ ! book1 beyond ! words ( ord9>y   
promise8--,n beyond ! words ( ord9>y    

promise made "u /atutory obligation4    
#aae4 ,!n :at great] weight d y atta* to
 a promise made "u /atutory obligation  
?an to an ord9>y promise8--,i w\ld pref]
 n mak+ any promise t ,i did n int5d to 
keep2 b ! law has atta*$ a weight to    
/atutory promises1 & a p5alty & disgrace
 on ! break+ ( !m4  #aaf4 ,t is a       
consequ5ce result+ f human action2 y d n
 attribute any o!r weight to su* a      
promise beyond :at results f su*        
p5alties8--,i object to t "q4  #aag4 ,i 
w n[ g to ano!r po9t4 ,h[ lately is x t 
y h claim$ a "r to affirm 9 a c\rt (    
law8--,9 a sup]ior c\rt or 9 an inf]ior 
c\rt8  #aah4 ,9 any c\rt :]e y h tak5 an
 oa?8--,rec5tly 9 an inf]ior c\rt1 )9 a 
few days4  #aai4 ,h[ lately prior to y\r
 claim 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons8--,prior to 
my claim 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 ab\t #ab 
mon?s4  #abj4 ,y _h made a claim on     
sev]al occasions1 ,i suppose1 prior to !
 p]iod :i* y h j m5tion$8--,yes4  #aba4 
,:at /eps1 if any1 7 tak5 by ! judge on 
su* occasions to arrive at ! conclusion 

t ! oa? w\ld h no b9d+ effect3--,on !   
la/ occasion1 by ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,l9dley1  
none4 ,i presume he ?\ght my claim to   
affirm well f\nd$1 & he simply b[$ 8    
head1 & ! cl]k adm9i/]$ ! affirmation   
aft] look+ to him4  #abb4 ,i suppose y  
made a claim to affirm8--,:5 ! cl]k     
br\ght ! ,te/am5t to ! witness-box ,i   
said1 ,i desire to affirm1 & ! cl]k     
look$ at ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,l9dley1 :o j b[$ 
8 head 7he happ5$ to be ! presid+       
judge71 & ,i did affirm4  #abc4 ,_h y   
reason to ?9k t ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,l9dley 0  
acqua9t$ ) any previ\s applications by y
 to affirm8--,i %\ld ?9k x possible1    
because ! claim to affirm has be5 !     
subject ( consid]able litigation by     
myself 9 ! c\rts4  #abd4 ,^u any        
occasion ^u :i* ! judge did make        
inquiry1 :at 0 ! nature ( ! inquiry8--,!
 pres5t ,"l ,ju/ice ,brett1 :om ,i      
rememb] di/9ctly *all5g+ me ^u x :5 he 0
 ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,brett1 said3 ,:y d y     
claim1 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh8 & ,i p]fectly   
rememb] my answ]1 b ,i am j ?9k+ :e!r ,i

 am n entitl$ to say ?is3 t happ5$ sev5 
ye>s ago2 ,i d n int5d to imply t !re is
 any *ange or any?+ s9ce1 b ,i ?9k ,i am
 entitl$ to say to ?is ,committee t x is
 h>dly )9 ! limits ( _! ref]5ce to      
inquire into some?+ t happ5$ 9 a law    
c\rt betwe5 myself & a judge sev5 ye>s  
ago4  #abe4 ,i %\ld n h ask$ ! "q1 b y h
 /at$ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons y\rself1 9   
ord] to support y\r claim to make       
affirmation1 t y h frequ5tly be5 p]mitt$
 to affirm8--,t is s4  #abf4 ,& ,i ?9k y
 gave ! la/ n9e or t5 ye>s8--,yes1 &    
,mr4 ,ju/ice ,brett's "q came )9 t "t4  
,i hope y w n consid] t ,i am putt+ !   
objection unfairly4 ,:at ,i want to put 
is ?is3 t ! conv]sation :i* took place  
on ! occasion ( my hav+ affirm$ 7& ,i   
repeat t ,i h affirm$ be=e diff]5t      
judges7 be+ m or less in=mal1 ought n to
 be ! subject ( inquiry by ?is          
,committee4 ,! fact is ( record4 ,^? 7  
all at ,nisi ,prius4  #abg4 ,x 0 be=e a 
judge :o w\ld h to adm9i/] an oa?8--,q  
s4  #abh4 ,if y /ate t y really ent]ta9 

an objection to ! "q1 ,i d n wi% to     
press x myself p]sonally8--,i h no      
objection to answ]+1 except t ,i h      
purposely tri$ to keep out ( ?is        
discussion any "q ( my views2 o!rwise ,i
 am q 9 ! h&s ( ! ,committee1 & if !    
,committee are dispos$ to press ! "q ,i 
w give ! answ]1 hav+ made my objection4 
#abi4 ,i d n wi% to g into ! views      
g5]ally ent]ta9$ by y1 except s f> z    
express$ by y t ! ,te/imony ,oa? _h no  
b9d+ effect ^u y\r consci5ce8--,my answ]
 appli$ to ! ,ass]tory or ,te/imony     
,oa?4  #acj4 ,i am ask+ y :at y /at$ :5 
a ,te/imony ,oa? 0 be+ adm9i/]$ to y2 b 
if y desire n to answ] ! "q1 s f> z ,i1 
an individual memb] ( ! ,committee1 am  
conc]n$1 ,i d n wi% to put x to y8--,i  
take ! objection4  #aca4 ,mr4 ,,gibson3 
,c y recall :e!r )9 any "t s9ce y\r "r  
to affirm 0 fir/ recognis$ 9 c\rts (    
ju/ice1 y h tak5 ! ,oa?8--,nev]2 t is to
 say1 ! oa? z a witness4  #acb4 ,h y ev]
 tak5 any oa? s9ce y\r "r to affirm 0   
fir/ admitt$ 9 c\rts ( ju/ice8--,x only 

has be5 my "r to affirm z a witness t   
has be5 admitt$ 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice2 ,i h 
"u cov] ( t ,act1 b ,i ?9k illegally1   
affirm$ z =eman ( a special jury1 b ,i h
 consid]able d\bt :e!r ! ,act cov]$ my  
affirmation z a juryman4  #acc4 ,) t k  
n[ pres5t to y\r m9d1 is x ! fact t !   
oa? :i* y seek to take at ! table ( !   
,h\se is1 if y are p]mitt$ to take x1 ! 
fir/ oa? t y w h tak5 s9ce y 7 p]mitt$  
to affirm 9 c\rts ( ju/ice8--,x is !    
fir/ occasion ^u :i* !re has be5 any    
reason = my tak+ or n tak+ ! ,oa? (     
,allegiance s9ce ,i h be5 p]mitt$ to    
affirm4  #acd4 ,or any o!r =m (         
oa?8--,my memory is n q cle> ^u t2 ,i am
 n sure4 ,!re 0 a case 9 :i* ,i took    
evid5ce z a ,commission] f ,am]ica1 & ,i
 am n at all sure :e!r ! completion ( t 
,commission 0 be=e or aft] ! pass+ ( !  
,affirmation ,act4  #ace4 ,b s9ce !     
pass+ ( ! ,act8--,i _c q pl$ge my m9d z 
to t2 b except 9 t case 9 :i* ,i 0 a    
,commission] = tak+ "s evid5ce 9        
relation to an ,am]ican process1 9 :i*  

,i may h done s1 ,i c]ta9ly h n4  #acf4 
,!n am ,i to und]/& t y seek n[ to take 
?is oa? ) exactly ! same mean+ 9 y\r m9d
 z y w\ld take ! affirmation8--,:i*     
affirmation8  #acg4 ,! affirmation :i* y
 orig9ally s\ght to take at ! table ( ! 
,h\se1 ! ,promissory ,affirmation8--,i  
seek to take ! ,oa? ( ,allegiance j z ,i
 %\ld seek to take ! ,affirmation (     
,allegiance4  #ach4 ,& d y atta* 9 y\r  
m9d no diff]5t mean+ to ! ^w swe> ?an y 
w\ld to ! ^w affirm8--,! law does n4    
#aci4 ,d y1 9 y\r own m9d1 atta* any    
diff]5ce to ! sanction8--,i object t !  
"q put to me asks me to make a          
di/+ui%m5t :i* ! law does n make4  #adj4
 ,i d n wi% to press any?+ to :i* y     
object2 d y desire to tell ! ,committee 
t1 9 y\r own m9d1 !re is no di/9ction   
drawn :5 y use ! ^w affirm & :5 y use ! 
^w swe>8--,to me1 on ! ,/atute !y h !   
same mean+2 t is1 !y are a pl$ge t :at  
,i put aft] ^? words is b9d+ ^u me 9 !  
mo/ complete degree4  #ada4 ,i suppose y
 are aw>e ( all ! ord9>y def9itions ( an

 oa? conta9$ 9 ! law books8--,i am      
afraid t w\ld be say+ m ?an ,i h any "r 
to say4 ,i am fairly well read1 b n     
suffici5tly to say t ,i "k !m all4      
#adb4 ,y "k a great _m ( !m1 ,i         
suppose8--,i h le>nt a few4  #adc4 ,y   
said to my honorable & le>n$ fri5d1 !   
,attorney ,g5]al1 t y reg>d$ ! ^w swe> z
 a pl$ge giv5 to a prop]ly con/itut$    
au?ority1 & t t 0 ! mean+ y atta*$ to ! 
^w swe>2 :at d y mean by ! prop]ly      
con/itut$ au?ority t y ref]r$ to 9 t    
answ]8--,:atev] may be ! au?ority       
e/abli%$ by ,/atute = ! purpose ( tak+  
su* an oa?4  #add4 ,a human             
au?ority8--,all au?orities e/abli%$ by  
,/atute = ! tak+ ( oa?s are human       
au?orities ,any au?ority outside a      
,/atute is illegal1 & any p]son adm9i/]+
 su* an oa? is indictable4  #ade4 ,y are
 aw>e ( ! mean+ ( ! expression sanction 
( an oa?2 :at d y consid] w\ld be !     
sanction ( ! ,oa? if y took x8--,i am n 
sure t ,i appreh5d ! mean+ t is 9 y\r   
m9d :5 y use ! words sanction ( an oa?4 

#adf4 ,i w read ! def9ition :i* is      
conta9$ 9 ,mr4 ,b>on ,m>t9's judgm5t 9 !
 case ( ,mill] v4 ,salomon's1 :]e x     
ref]s to ! case ( ,omi*und v4 ,b>k]1 z  
report$ 9 ! ,law ,j\rnal3 ,! doctr9e    
laid d[n by ! ,"l ,*ancellor 7,h>dwicke7
 7,omi*und v4 ,b>k]71 & all ! o!r       
judges1 0 t ! ess5ce ( an oa? 0 an      
appeal to a ,supreme ,be+ 9 ^: exi/5ce !
 p]son tak+ ! oa? believ$1 & :om he also
 believ$ to be a rew>d] ( tru? & an     
av5g] ( falsehood1 & t ! =m ( tak+ an   
oa? 0 a m]e outw>d act1 & n ess5tial to 
! oa? :i* might be adm9i/]$ to all      
p]sons accord+ to _! own peculi>        
religi\s op9ions1 & 9 su* mann] z mo/   
affect$ _! consci5ces4 ,y h li/5$ to t  
/atem5t8--,yes2 & ,i h also read !      
judgm5t ( ! ,c\rt ( ,error 9 ! foll[+   
ye>1 9 :i* !y say t ! ess5tial words ( !
 oa? are ^? )\t ! appeal1 & t ! words ,s
 help me1 ,god are words ( assev]ation1 
! mann] ( tak+ ! oa?2 b ! words prec$+  
!m are1 x appe>s to me1 an ess5tial "p (
 ! oa?2 & 9 ! case ( ! ,lanca/] &       

,c>lisle ,railway ,company v4 ,heaton1 x
 0 held t ! oa? 0 completely tak5 )\t ! 
addition ( t appeal4  #adg4 ,i am n at  
all ^u ! words ,s help me1 ,god1 :i* are
 ! words ref]r$ to 9 ! la/ case to :i* y
 ref]r$4 ,i am n[ ^u :at conta9s a      
promise t an oa? is be+ tak5 :5 a man   
uses ! ^w swe>2 d y object to !         
def9ition :i* ,i h read8--,i object to t
 def9ition z ov]rul$ by ! ,c\rt ( ,error
 9 its f9al decision 9 error1 confirm$  
by a subsequ5t decision ( ,"l ,campbell 
9 ! ,lanca/] & ,c>lisle ,railway        
,company v4 ,heaton1 :5 x 0 held t !    
appeal 0 n a "p ( ! oa?4  #adh4         
,,*airman3 ,9 bo? ^? cases ,i ?9k !     
judges 9 hold+ t view _h ref]5ce simply 
to ! words ,s help me1 ,god8--,simply to
 ! words ,s help me1 ,god4  #adi4 ,i ?9k
 we are a little misund]/&+ ea* o!r8--,i
 hope n2 ,i want to be c&id ) !         
,committee4  #aej4 ,mr4 ,,gibson3 ,i am 
n at all on ! words :i* t case w5t on ( 
,s help me1 ,god1 b ,i am on :at mu/ be 
! ess5tial di/9ction betwe5 an oa? & an 

affirmation2 :at1 ,i ask y n[1 d y      
conceive to be ! ess5tial di/9ction     
betwe5 an oa? & an affirmation8--,foll[+
 ! judgm5t ( ! ,c\rt ( ,error1 repeat$ 9
 ! o!r judgm5t :i* ,i quot$1 ,i reg>d ! 
ess5tial words ( ! oa? z beg9n+ ) ,i    
swe>1 & end+ ) accord+ to law4 ,i submit
 t x is no "p ( my duty to draw any     
di/9ction1 if di/9ction exi/s1 betwe5 ! 
value ( t & ! value ( an affirmation1   
because ! ,/atute has decl>$ t !y bo? h 
! same value4  #aea4 ,d y consid] t !   
tak+ ( an oa? implies 9 ! p]son tak+ x !
 exi/5ce ( a belief 9 ,god1 & t he w    
rew>d & puni% u accord+ to our          
des]ts8--,t dep5ds ^u ! =m ( ! oa?2 &   
s9ce ! decision y quot$ v _m =ms ( oa? h
 be5 entirely *ang$ by ! ,legislature4  
#aeb4 ,d y consid] t if y use ! ^w swe>1
 y appeal to a ,god8--,i consid] t ,i   
take an oa? :i* is b9d+ ^u my honor &   
consci5ce4  #aec4 ,)\t any ref]5ce to   
,god8--,i consid] t ,i take an oa? :i*  
is b9d+ ^u my honor & consci5ce4  #aed4 
,& suppos+ t y break t oa?1 :at :at w\ld

 be ! consequ5ces :i* y consid] w\ld    
result to y8--,i am n aw>e t ! ,/atute  
has provid$ t ,i %all decl>e my op9ion  
^u ^? consequ5ces4  #aee4 ,am ,i to     
und]/& t y decl9e to answ]8--,i am      
object+ t ! "q is "o :i* w\ld n be put 9
 a c\rt ( law1 & !re=e1 mu* m1 %\ld n be
 put "h4  #aef4 ,9 answ] to ! ,attorney 
,g5]al1 & 9 y\r /atem5t also1 y us$ !   
words ess5tial "p ( ! ,oa?1 & ! words ( 
! ,oa? are1 ,i d swe> t ,i w be fai?ful 
& be> true allegiance to ,h] ,maje/y    
,que5 ,victoria1 h] heirs & successors1 
accord+ to law2 d y consid] t all !     
words !re pres5t to y\r m9d are equally 
def9ite & cle> mean+8--,i consid] t !   
:ole ( ^? words are ess5tial2 ,i hold !m
 to be ess5tial1 & ,i submit myself to !
 con/ruction :i* ! ,c\rt has put ^u !m4 
#aeg4 ,is !re any ^w 9 ! ,oa? 9 !       
,/atute :i* does n convey to y\r m9d any
 cle> & def9ite mean+8--,!re is no ^w 9 
t :i* does n convey to me a cle> &      
def9ite mean+4  #aeh4 ,& d y reg>d !    
words at ! end ( x1 ,s help me1 ,god1 z 

convey+ any def9ite mean+1 or m]ely z a 
useless add5dum to ! promise8--,i object
 t ?is ,committee w n ask me my op9ion  
^u ^? words1 because !y h be5 held by ! 
highe/ c\rt ( law 9 ?is realm1 subject  
to appeal1 to be no necess>y "p ( !     
,oa?4  #aei4 ,sir ,,h5ry ,,jackson3 ,if 
y\r c\nsel 7 "h ,i %\ld put to him ?is  
"q1 :i* d n answ] if y object2 ,i w     
treat y z if y 7 y\r own c\nsel2 ,i     
und]/& y\r view to be t ! ,act ( #ahff  
or ! ,act ( #ahfh1 gives y two          
alt]native me?ods ( tak+ y\r seat1 ! "o 
( affirmation & ! o!r ( oa?1 & t x is   
op5 to y to take :i*ev] ( ! two y pref]2
 y pref] ! affirmation1 b x hav+ be5    
decid$ n to be compet5t = y to make !   
affirmation1 y n[ propose to take !     
,oa?8--,t is exactly my con/ruction4    
#afj4 ,n[ ,i w tell y my d\bt1 & p]haps 
y w be good en\gh to tell me :at y say  
^u x4 ,x occurs to me t ^! two          
alt]natives are :at lawy]s call true    
alt]natives2 t is to say1 t ea* excludes
 ! o!r1 & t ! ,committee hav+ decid$    

7p]haps y w say errone\sly7 t y _c      
affirm1 y h by y\r claim to affirm      
exclud$ y\rself f ! alt]native claim to 
take ! ,oa?2 are n ! two mutually       
exclusive8--,no2 ! ,h\se ( ,commons     
decid$ t1 =tunately = me1 & t saves me !
 tr\ble ( ?9k+ on x = myself4 ,:5 ,john 
,ar*dale appli$ to affirm1 ! ,h\se held 
t he c\ld n affirm1 & !y ord]$ him to   
take ! ,oa?4  #afa4 ,0 t "u ! ,/atute   
:i* regulates ! pres5t proc$ure8--,no1 b
 x 0 "u ! claim ( a man :o ?\ght t he _h
 alt]native c\rses1 & :o refus$ to take 
! ,oa?4  #afb4 ,t is ! answ] :i* y give 
to my d\bt8--,i am n sure :e!r ,i h     
answ]$ fully4  #afc4 ,y d n condesc5d to
 any argum5t ^u ! ,/atute1 b y ?9k t !  
"o alt]native is n exclusive ( !        
o!r8--,i ?\ght !n1 & subject to !       
,report ( ! ,committee aga9/ me1 :i* ,i 
presume b9ds me1 ,i %\ld /ill ?9k t ,i h
 ! "r to affirm1 & if !re 7 any way 9   
:i* ,i ?\ght ,i c\ld legally raise ! "q1
 ,i %\ld try to d s4  #afd4 ,b on !     
hypo!sis t ! decision ( ! ,committee 0  

"r1 h y any?+ except ! ,ar*dale prec$5t1
 f :i* y w\ld argue t ^! two ,acts (    
,p>liam5t d n create two mutually       
exclusive alt]natives8--,i %\ld simply  
reply t if t be s1 & y told me t ,i did 
n come )9 ! "o1 ,i mu/ come )9 ! o!r4   
#afe4 ,mr4 ,,/aveley ,,hill3 ,i wi% to  
ask y "o "q ) ref]5ce to :at took place 
be=e ,"l ,ju/ice ,brett 7!n ,mr4 ,ju/ice
 ,brett71 &1 ( c\rse1 if y ?9k prop]1 y 
w take ! objection z y did to :at !     
,attorney ,g5]al ask$ y3 :5 ,mr4 ,ju/ice
 ,brett admitt$ y to affirm1 :at /eps   
did he take ) a view to satisfy himself 
t an oa? w\ld n be b9d+ ^u y\r          
consci5ce8--,he put to me ! "q1 ,:y8 &  
,i gave to him ?ree words z an answ]1 & 
^! ?ree words app>5tly satisfi$ him1 &  
he direct$ ! cl]k to all[ me to affirm4 
,he put no "q to me z to :e!r ! oa? 0   
b9d+ ^u me or n4  #aff4 ,h y any        
objection to tell ! ,committee :at ^?   
?ree words 78--,! "q put by ,mr4 ,ju/ice
 ,brett 01 ,:y8 ,i object to tell !     
answ]1 because x w\ld be an inquiry into

 a man's religi\s op9ions1 & ,sir       
,george ,grey1 9 introduc+ ! ,p>liam5t>y
 ,oa?s ,act 9 #ahff1 "u :i* ,i claim1   
said1 ,we w make no inquiry into any    
man's religi\s op9ions2 let !           
con/itu5cies be ! judges ( t4  #afg4 ,b 
^? ?ree words1 :atev] !y 71 satisfi$    
,mr4 ,ju/ice ,brett t an oa? w\ld n be  
b9d+ ^u y\r consci5ce8--,i _c say t1 b  
!y satisfi$ him suffici5tly t he gave ! 
cl]k directions to all[ me to affirm4   
#afh4 ,:5 did t take place8--,ab\t eight
 ye>s ago1 speak+ r\ghly2 x may be six  
or sev5 ye>s1 b ,i am n c]ta9 ab\t ! "t4
  #afi4 ,0 x report$ 9 ! newspap]s1 & is
 x g5]ally kn[n8--,i am n sure2 !re h   
be5 cases report$4  #agj4 ,mr4          
,,pemb]ton3 ,i wi% to ask :e!r1 s9ce y 7
 return$ z a ,memb] ( ?is ,h\se1 & s9ce 
! ,report ( ! la/ ,committee1 y au?oris$
 ! publication ( a lett] :i* appe>$ 9 ! 
newspap]s ( ! #ba/ ( ,may 9 ref]5ce to !
 proce$+s :i* h tak5 place on ?is       
matt]8--,i ask t ! "q may n be put to   
me1 because ,i say t ! ,h\se has already

 decid$ t !y w n put any inquiry to a   
memb] z to :at happ5s outside ! ,h\se to
 det]m9e :at 0 consi/5t ) ! ,oa?1 or n4 
#aga4 ,( c\rse ,i d n press ! "q m ?an  
to rem9d y t x _h ref]5ce to proce$+s   
:i* h tak5 place 9 ?is ,h\se1 & 9 a     
,committee ( ?is ,h\se8--,_m ?+s ,i h   
read 7,i d n "k :e!r !y are accurate or 
inaccurate71 spee*es made by ,memb]s    
ref]r+ to proce$+s 9 ?is ,h\se1 & to t  
,committee 9 relation to ?is matt]4 ,to 
put x r\ghly1 ,i %\ld submit t ?is      
,committee %\ld n exam9e me z to        
extra-,p>liam5t>y utt]ances 9 reply to  
extra-,p>liam5t>y utt]ances4 ,= example1
 "o honorable ,memb]1 ,sir ,h5ry        
,drummond ,wolff1 made a spee* at       
,*i*e/]----  #agb4 ,"l ,,h5ry ,,l5nox3  
,n at ,*i*e/]8--,! pap]s said s2 !y may 
be v likely wrong1 only x %[s /ill m1 ,i
 submit1 ! =ce ( ! objection t          
extra-,p>liam5t>y publications 9 reply  
to extra-,p>liam5t>y utt]ances %\ld n be
 ! subject ( que/ions be=e ?is          
,committee4  #agc4 ,mr4 ,,pemb]ton3 ,i w

 only aga9 po9t out t x 0 n 9 reply to  
an extra-,p>liam5t>y utt]ance1 b _h     
ref]5ce to proce$+s 9 ?is ,h\se8--,t    
assumes :at w\ld be pass+ 9 ! m9d ( !   
writ] & :at he _h 9 view 9 assum+ x1 &  
,i decl9e to discuss any subject ( t    
k9d4  #agd4 ,i am to take x t y decl9e  
to answ] ! "q8--,no1 ,i object to answ] 
x4 ,if ! ,committee ?9k t ,i ought to   
answ] x ,i w answ] x4 ,i d n take a     
legal objection4 ,y q und]/& t if !     
,committee ?9k ,i ought to answ] x1 ,i w
 answ] x at once4       ,! ,committee   
delib]at$4       ,,*airman3 ,!          
,committee h come unanim\sly to !       
conclusion      t ! "q put by !         
honorable ,memb] = ,ea/ ,k5t      ought 
to be answ]$2 b1 9 arriv+ at t          
conclusion1 ,i am      reque/$ to in=m y
 :at ,i w n[ read3 ,t !      ,committee 
?9k ,mr4 ,bradlaugh %\ld answ] ! "q put 
to      him by ,mr4 ,pemb]ton1 on !     
gr\nd t x ref]s to matt]s      writt5 by
 him directly 9 relation to ! "q involv$
 9      ! ord] ( ref]5ce to !           

,committee1 & = ! purpose (             
express+ 8 views on su* que/ions s9ce ! 
claim 0 made      by him to make !      
affirmation1 & be=e ! appo9tm5t (      !
 ,committee4  #age4 ,mr4 ,,pemb]ton3 ,i 
wi% to ask :e!r1 s9ce y 7 return$ z a   
,memb] ( ?is ,h\se1 & s9ce ! ,report ( !
 la/ ,committee1 y au?oris$ !           
publication ( a lett] :i* appe>$ 9 !    
newspap]s ( ! #ba/ ,may1 9 ref]5ce to ! 
proce$+s :i* h tak5 place on ?is matt]1 
su* lett] be+ sign$ 9 y\r "n8--,i ?9k "o
 ( ! memb]s ( ! ,committee has a copy1  
:i* ,i h&$ to him2 ,i h n se5 ! pr9t2 & 
z ,i s5t to all ! newspap]s a li?ograph$
 copy1 ,i pref]1 = great] accuracy1 to  
ask him to return x to me4 ,i hold 9 my 
h& a copy :i* ,i h no d\bt is ! same4   
#agf4 ,,*airman3 ,d y object to t lett] 
be+ put 98--,! mom5t ! ,committee decid$
 t ,i ought to answ] t "q1 ,i _h no     
res]ve 9 say+ t ,i left myself 9 ! h&s (
 ! ,committee on x4 ,i %all take !      
lib]ty ( wi%+ to address a ^w or two to 
! ,committee pres5tly ^u x4 7,! lett] 0 

h&$ 947  #agg4 ,mr4 ,,watk9 ,,williams3 
,d y propose to take ! ,oa? 9 ! =m giv5 
9 ! ,/atute ( #ahfh1 :i* ,i w read to y3
 ,i41 ,a4 ,b41 d swe> t ,i w be fai?ful 
& be> true allegiance to h] ,maje/y     
,que5 ,victoria1 h] heirs & successors1 
accord+ to law4 ,s help me1 ,god8--,i d1
 t be+ ! =m 9 ! ,/atute4  #agh4 ,if y   
are p]mitt$ to take t oa?1 d y int5d !  
,committee to und]/& & believe t x w be 
b9d+ ^u y\r consci5ce z an oa?8--,yes4  
#agi4 ,9 tak+ su* oa?1 d y consid]      
y\rself z appeal+ to "s ,supreme ,be+ z 
a witness t y are speak+ ! tru?8--,i    
submit t hav+ said t ,i reg>d ! oa? z   
b9d+ ^u my consci5ce1 ?is ,committee has
 nei!r ! "r nor ! duty to fur!r         
int]rogate my consci5ce4  #ahj4 ,sir    
,,ri*>d ,,cross3 ,y "k ( c\rse t 9 tak+ 
! oa? 9 ! =m prescrib$ by ! ,/atute1 &  
accord+ to ! cu/om ( tak+ oa?s1 y w h to
 kiss ! ,te/am5t3 d y atta* ! smalle/   
weight to ! kiss+ ( t book8--,i atta* ! 
weight atta*$ by ! law to ! :ole ( !    
=mula4  #aha4 ,d y atta* ! smalle/      

weight to ! kiss+ ( ! book2 d y ?9k t ! 
kiss+ ( t book adds 9 ! slighte/ degree 
to ! weight ^u y\r consci5ce ( ! words  
:i* y h already spok5 )\t kiss+ !       
book8--,! law has said t ! :ole ( t is  
to be complete2 ,i h n ! "r1 !re=e1 to  
=m an op9ion1 or to =mulate an op9ion z 
to h[ mu* ( t ,i w\ld leave out _h ,i   
any *oice 9 ! matt]4  #ahb4 ,!n d y     
atta* any fur!r importance to ! ^w swe> 
9 ! oa? itself1 & to ! fact ( ! kiss+ ( 
! book ?an if ! ^w swe> 7 writt5 affirm1
 & no kiss+ ( ! book 7 requir$8--,i h   
already said t ,i atta* to ! complete   
affirmation ! mo/ complete b9d+ effect  
on my consci5ce4 ,if ,i 7 all[$ a       
pref]5ce1 ,i w\ld & /ill pref] !        
affirmation4 ,! law says t ! oa? is !   
=m1 & ,i %all reg>d t =m z 9 all its    
respects b9d+ ^u my consci5ce4  #ahc4 ,d
 y look ^u ! kiss+ ( t p>ticul> book z  
add+ any m sanction ?an ! kiss+ ( any   
o!r book8--,i decl9e to d t :i* ! law   
has n done2 ! law has n split up ! =mula
 into p>ts1 & express$ an op9ion ^u ea* 

"p sep>ately1 & ,i d5y ! "r ( !         
,committee to ask me to d t :i* ! law   
has n done4  #ahd4 ,i w ask y "o o!r "q2
 d n answ] x unless y l8--,i w n4  #ahe4
 ,d y ?9k t ! fact ( ! kiss+ ( t book   
has any relation to an appeal to a      
,supreme ,be+1 t y w1 be=e ,him1 p]=m ! 
oa? :i* y h tak58--,! law has n requir$ 
me1 9 any case1 to express an op9ion z  
to t by itself4 ,z to ! :ole ,oa? ,i h  
express$ an op9ion4  #ahf4 ,z reg>ds !  
kiss+ ( t book1 w\ld y look ^u t1 s f> z
 y\r consci5ce is conc]n$1 z an idle    
=m8--,! law has n requir$ me to look ^u 
x by itself1 & ,i dispute ! "r ( !      
,committee to divide ! ,oa? into p>ts1 &
 to take "o "p by itself )\t ! o!r4 ,i h
 already answ]$ t ! :ole ( ! ,oa? :5    
tak5 by me1 & if tak5 by me1 w be b9d+  
^u my consci5ce4  #ahg4 ,b /ill y       
consid] t a c]ta9 "p ( t ,oa?1 :i* !    
,/atute imposes ^u y ! necessity to     
take1 is an idle1 & empty1 & mean+less  
=m8--,i h nev] said s at any "t4  #ahh4 
,b d y consid] x s8--,mo/ c]ta9ly ,i d n

 consid] ! mo/ consid]able portion ( x  
an idle & empty =m4  #ahi4 ,"s portion (
 x1 ,i said8--,i consid] no portion ( ! 
ess5tial ,oa? an idle & empty =m4  #aij4
 ,t is to say1 t y w\ld take ! ,oa?     
because ! ,/atute says y mu/ d s 9 ord] 
to take y\r seat8--,t is n s4 ,i take ! 
,oa? because ! ,/atute says t ,i mu/ d  
s1 int5d+ to be b\nd 9 my honor &       
consci5ce by ! oa? ,i take4 ,e ,memb]   
takes ! ,oa? because he mu/ d s 9 ord]  
to take 8 seat1 & he c\ld n take x )\t  
x4  #aia4 ,b y d n ?9k t ! =ms ( ! ,oa?1
 z settl$ by law1 adds any?+ to ! b9d+ (
 y\r consci5ce fur!r ?an say+ ,i        
solemnly affirm8--,y\r "q presumes a =m 
( ?\ght :i* ,i h n enunciat$4  #aib4    
,mr4 ,,john ,,bright3 ,d ,i und]/& y    
aright t y h nev] said t ! oa?1 z y     
propose to take x1 is less b9d+ ^u y\r  
consci5ce ?an x is suppos$ to be on !   
consci5ces ( o!r m58--,i h nev] said s2 
& 9 #ahfh1 :5 ,i /ood = election1 !re   
be+ !n no =m ( affirmation possible =   
me1 ,i _h gravely consid]$ ! "q4  #aic4 

,x is )9 y\r k t "s m51 & n a few m51 :o
 d n absolutely refuse to take an oa?1  
/ill greatly pref] to make an           
affirmation8--,if x w\ld n be imp]t95t  
to say x1 _m ,memb]s ( ! ,h\se h told me
 s s9ce ?is "q has be5 p5d+4  #aid4     
,,*airman3 ,i ?9k y said1 :5 ,i in=m$ y 
t ! ,committee ?\ght t ! lett] %\ld be  
put 91 t x 0 a subject ^u :i* y wi%$ to 
make an obs]vation8--,i wi% j to make ! 
slighte/ obs]vation ^u t1 & ^u "o or two
 po9ts t arose 9 que/ions t h be5 put to
 me4 ,if ! ,committee w\ld all[ me to   
?9k = a mom5t ,i believe ,i c compress x
 )9 v slight limits4  #aie4 ,sir        
,,gabriel ,,goldney3 ,y\r /atem5t to    
,mr4 ,ju/ice ,brett1 ,i und]/ood1 y w\ld
 ?9k ov]8--,no1 t my answ] did n apply  
to4 ,if ! ,committee ?9k t ,i ought to  
answ] t "q 9 ! same way1 ! "q z to !    
?ree words1 or r f\r words1 t ,i answ]$ 
to ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,brett1 ,i am q 9 ! h&s 
( ! ,committee1 & ,i %\ld n decl9e to   
answ] !m4  #aif4 ,mr4 ,,/aveley ,,hill3 
,! reason :y ,i ask$ y :at !y 71 & :]e  

!y 7 to be f\nd if y did n answ] ! "q1 0
 on purpose t "o might look = !m1       
because x mu/ be a matt] ( public       
notoriety :at ! words 78--,i %\ld ?9k x 
v possible4 ,i h tak5 my objection1 & if
 !re is ev5 a ?\ght 9 ! ,committee t ,i 
_h bett] answ] ! "q1 ,i %\ld n object to
 d s4  #aig4 ,,*airman3 ,:at are !      
obs]vations :i* y wi% to (f] 9          
consequ5ce ( y\r exam9ation8--,z ! ,h\se
 w n[ h be=e x ! /atem5t1 ,i ask !      
,committee 9 exam9+ x to take x         
complete1 n to sep>ate "o or two words 9
 x & to take ^? )\t ! c\nt]vail+ words1 
& to rememb] t 9 ?is lett] ,i decl>e t !
 oa?1 if ,i take x1 w\ld b9d me1 & ,i n[
 repeat t 9 ! mo/ di/9ct & =mal mann]2 t
 ! ,oa? ( ,allegiance1 viz43 ,i d swe> t
 ,i w be fai?ful & be> true allegiance  
to h] ,maje/y ,que5 ,victoria1 h] heirs 
& successors1 accord+ to law1 w1 :5 ,i  
take x1 be mo/ fully1 completely1 &     
unres]v$ly b9d+ ^u my honor & consci5ce2
 & ,i crave leave to ref] to ! unanim\s 
judgm5t ( ! full ,c\rt ( ! ,ex*equ]     

,*amb]1 9 ! case ( ,mill] v4 ,salomons1 
#ag? ,juri/1 page #dfc1 & to ! case ( ! 
,lanca/] & ,c>lisle ,railway ,company v4
 ,heaton1 #d? ,juri/1 new s]ies1 page   
#gjh1 = ! di/+ui%m5t betwe5 ! words (   
assev]ation & ! ess5tial words ( an oa?4
 ,b ,i also desire to add1 & ,i d ?is   
mo/ solemnly & unres]v$ly1 t ! tak+ &   
subscrib+1 or repeat+ ( ^? words (      
assev]ation1 w 9 no degree weak5 ! b9d+ 
effect ( ! oa? on my consci5ce4 ,i %\ld 
l1 f9ally1 simply to submit to !        
,committee1 & especially to ! honorable 
& le>n$ g5tleman on ! left ( ! ,*airman1
 t !re has n be5 f ! beg9n+ to ! end (  
?is matt]1 any decl>ation1 ei!r di/9ct  
or impli$1 t ! ,oa? if tak5 by me w\ld  
be less b9d+ ^u me ?an ^u him2 & ,i d   
submit to ?is ,committee t ?is ,h\se has
 nev] s\ght to inquire or to di/+ui% 9  
any fa%ion z to ! religi\s views ( its  
,memb]s1 except s f> z any ( !m h f\nd  
!mselves oblig$ by _! consci5ce to      
refuse to comply ) "s =m t ! ,h\se has  
put be=e !m4 ,on ! contr>y1 9 ! ,lords' 

prote/ on ! discussion ( ! ,promissory  
,oa?s ,municipal ,bill1 ,"l ,holl& & o!r
 ,lords put x 9 ! mo/ di/9ct fa%ion t no
 sort ( inquisition & no sort ( inquiry 
ought to be tol]at$ involv+ any         
exam9ation ( a man's !ological views4   
,"l ,holl& add$1 9 words bett] ?an ,i c 
comm&3 ,t !re is no tribunal :i* he kn[s
 compet5t to make t exam9ation1 & t !   
purely secul> & political duties call$  
^u to be p]=m$ 7 n su* z to entitle t   
exam9ation to be made4 ,i ?ank !        
,committee = hav+ li/5$ to me1 & ,i     
submit myself to _! decision4  #aih4    
,,*airman3 ,y m5tion$ "s prec$5ts :i* y 
?\ght might usefully be add$ to ! li/ ( 
prec$5ts :i* we h already _h3 c\ld y    
conv5i5tly add ^? cases8--,yes1 ,i w d  
s4   ,monday1 #g? ,june #ahhj4  ,,memb]s
 ,,pres5t3      ,mr4 ,attorney ,g5]al4  
,mr4 ,john ,bright4     ,mr4 ,secret>y  
,*ild]s4     ,mr4 ,*apl94     ,sir      
,ri*>d ,cross4     ,mr4 ,gibson4        
,mr4 ,gran?am4     ,mr4 ,/aveley ,hill4 
,sir ,john ,holk]4     ,mr4 ,b]es=d     

,hope4     ,mr4 ,hopwood4     ,"l ,h5ry 
,l5nox4     ,sir ,h5ry ,jackson4        
,mr4 ,massey4     ,major ,nolan4        
,mr4 ,pemb]ton4     ,mr4 ,s]jeant       
,simon4     ,mr4 ,solicitor ,g5]al4     
,mr4 ,trevelyan4     ,mr4 ,walpole4  ,! 
,"r ,honorable ,,sp5c] ,,horatio        
,,walpole1 9 ! ,*air4   ,mr4 ,,*>les    
,,bradlaugh1 a memb] ( ! ,h\se2 fur!r   
,exam9$4  #aii4 ,,*airman3 ,!re 0 "s    
ref]5ce1 ,i ?9k1 made to y by ,mr4      
,:itbread1 ) reg>d to :i* y desire to   
make "s obs]vations8--,!re 0 a po9t urg$
 by ,mr4 ,:itbread ^u ! fir/ ,committee4
 ,i d n "k :e!r ,i %\ld be 9 ord] 9     
ref]r+ to x4 ,i ?\ght x _h be5          
suffici5tly cov]$ by :at ,i _h said1    
until ,i reflect$ ^u x1 & !n ,i ?\ght x 
_h n4 ,i wi% to submit to ?is ,committee
 t x ought n to consid] t ,i claim$ to  
affirm because ,i reg>d$ ! oa? z n b9d+ 
^u my consci5ce1 "u ! _s ( ! ,evid5ce   
,fur!r ,am5dm5t ,act1 #ahfi1 = t ,/atute
 runs3 ,if any "o %all object to take an
 oa?1 or be object$ to z incompet5t to  

take an oa?2 & t x is q possible 7p]haps
 wrongly1 & und\bt$ly wrongly1 z !      
,committee h s decid$7 t ,i might claim 
to affirm1 object+ to take ! oa?1 & t ! 
,committee h n on ! evid5ce "h ei!r ! "r
 or ! duty to assume any?+ m z aga9/ me 
9 deal+ ) x n[4 ,t is all ,i wi% to put 
be=e ! ,committee4     ,,app5dix4       
,app5dix ,no4 #a4  ,,prec$5ts ,,relative
 ,,to ,,p>liam5t>y ,,oa?s4   ,,prec$5t (
 a ,,memb] disabl$ = hav+ sat 9 ! ,h\se 
)\t     tak+ ! ,oa?4  ,sir ,,john       
,,le$es ha? be5 9 ! ,h\se & n tak5 !    
,oa?4  ,sir ,john ,le$es n to come into 
! ,h\se till fur!r ,ord]4  ,sir ,e4     
,,coke3 ,t by ! law ,sir ,j4 ,le$es is  
disabl$ to s]ve ?is ,p>liam5t1 & !re=e  
ought to be dis*>g$1 & a new ,writ4     
,mr4 ,,pawlett1 accordant4  ,sir ,j4    
,,/rangways3 ,c pret5d no ignorance1 = a
 ,memb] ( ! ,h\se la/ ,p>liam5t4  ,mr4  
,,crew1 = ,sir ,j4 ,le$es3 ,no "q b he  
is incapable4 #b4 ,he is to be puni%$4  
,resolv$1 ,sir ,j4 ,le$es incapable (   
be+ a ,memb] ( ?is ,h\se1 z if nev]     

return$4  ,mr4 ,,hackwyll3 ,to h him    
remov$2 a ,writ = a new *oice2 & to     
puni% him1 by s5d+ him to ! ,t[]4  ,sir 
,g4 ,,moore3 ,to h no "q made1 b :]e x  
is que/ion$4  ,mr4 ,,secret>y3 ,! fault 
great1 especially because ( la/         
,p>liam5t4 ,to ord]1 he %all be dis*>g$ 
n[1 & to s]ve no m ?is ,p>liam5t4  ,sir 
,j4 ,le$es1 br\ght to ! ,b>1 confesse?  
he 0 ( ! ,h\se la/ meet+ 9 ,p>liam5t2 & 
t he ha? sit ?is ,p>liam5t 9 ! ,h\se1 & 
ha? n tak5 8 ,oa?4  ,mr4 ,t4 ,,fan%aw3  
,t he mu/ be puni%$ z "o t ha? come into
 ! ,h\se1 n be+ *os54  ,sir ,e4 ,,s&es3 
,to pay ! ,s]jeant 8 fees1 & no fur!r   
puni%m5t2 because1 b neglig5ce1 no      
presumption1 & is will+ to take ! ,oa?4 
,mr4 ,,*idley3 ,to h an ord] to disable 
him = ?is ,p>liam5t4  ,a ,w>rant = a new
 ,writ 9 8 room4   ,,prec$5t ( a ,,memb]
 ,admitt$ to sit )\t tak+ ! ,,oa?s (    
,,allegiance & ,,supremacy4  ,ord]$1 ,t 
,,william ,,ayres1 ,esquire1 be+ legally
 elect$ & return$ a ,memb] ( ?is ,h\se1 
8 election be+ return$ & remitt$ (      

,record1 %all be admitt$ to sit 9 ?is   
,h\se1 )\t tak+ ! ,oa?s ( ,supremacy &  
,allegiance4  ,ord]$1 ,t an ,ord9ance be
 br\ght 9 by ,mr4 ,lisle1 to-morr[      
morn+1 = repeal+ t clause 9 ! ,act ( 99 
99 ,t no p]son be admitt$ to sit z a    
,memb] ( ?is ,h\se1 be=e he ha? tak5 !  
,oa? ( ,allegiance & ,supremacy4        
,ord]$1 ,t all & e ! ,%]iffs ( !        
respective c\nties 9 ,engl& & ,wales d  
h5ce=? execute _! sev]al places & (fices
 ( ,%]iffs ( _! sev]al & respective     
c\nties1 accord+ to ! duty ( _! said    
(fice1 )\t tak+ ! ,oa?s ( ,allegiance & 
,supremacy4   ,,prec$5t ( a ,,memb]     
,dis*>g$ = decl9+ to take ! ,,oa?s4  ,! 
,h\se be+ in=m$1 t ,sir ,,h5ry ,,m\nson 
att5d$1 accord+ to ! ,ord] on ,saturday 
la/2  ,resolv$1 ,t he be call$ 91 &     
t5d]$ ! ,oa?s & ,decl>ation direct$ to  
be tak51 made1 repeat$1 & subscrib$ by !
 ,memb]s ( ! ,h\se4  ,he 0 call$ 9      
accord+ly2 & came up to ! table3 ,& ,mr4
 ,speak] acqua9t$ him1 ,t ! ,h\se _h    
tak5 notice t he _h be5 ab\t ! t[n a    

consid]able "t2 b yet did n att5d !     
s]vice ( ! ,h\se3 ,& t he _h directions 
to t5d] him ! ,oa?s & ! ,decl>ations4   
,:]eupon1 ,sir ,h5ry ,m\nson said3 ,t he
 0 sorry t = "s reasons he c\ld n comply
 to qualify himself to sit 9 ! ,h\se3 ,b
 t ^? reasons w\ld no way incl9e him to 
di/urb ! ,gov]nm5t2 & t he submitt$     
himself to ! ,h\se4  ,& !n )drew4       
,resolv$1 ,t ,sir ,h5ry ,m\nson be      
dis*>g$ f be+ a ,memb] ( ! ,h\se4  ,new 
,writ ,ord]$4   ,,prec$5t ( a ,,memb]   
,dis*>g$ = decl9+ to take ! ,,oa?s4  ,! 
,h\se be+ in=m$1 ,t ! ,"l ,,fan%aw      
att5d$ at ! door1 accord+ to ! ord] (   
,saturday la/4  ,resolv$1 ,t he be call$
 91 & t5d]$ ! ,oa?s & ,decl>ation1      
direct$ to be tak51 made1 repeat$1 &    
subscrib$ by ! ,memb]s ( ! ,h\se4  ,he 0
 call$ 9 accord+ly2 & came up to !      
table3 ,& ,mr4 ,speak] acqua9t$ him1 ,t 
! ,h\se _h tak5 notice t he _h be5 ab\t 
! t[n a consid]able "t2 b yet did n     
att5d ! ,s]vice ( ! ,h\se2 & t he _h    
direction to t5d] him ! ,oa?s &         

,decl>ation4  ,:]eupon ! ,"l ,fan%aw    
said1 t x 0 true1 he _h be5 ab\t t[n a  
great :ile inde$2 b _h be5 9 ! c\ntry1  
if 8 heal? w\ld h p]mitt$ him2 b t he _h
 be5 9 a /rict c\rse ( physick1 & 0 9 ! 
same condition /ill ( physick & diet2 b1
 h[ev]1 t s9ce he 0 abs5t !re 0 an ,act 
( ,p>liam5t pass$ = tak+ ! ,oa?s2 & he 0
 n qualifi$ to sit 9 ! ,h\se1 9 reg>d he
 0 n satisfi$ to take ! ,oa?s2 & !re=e  
he c\ld n appe>4  ,& !n )drew4          
,resolv$1 ,t ! ,"l ,fan%aw be dis*>g$ f 
be+ a ,memb] ( ! ,h\se4  ,& !re be+ a   
,petition 91 t\*+ ! ,election1 ! grant+ 
a new ,writ 0 respit$4   ,,prec$5t ( a  
,,memb] ,committ$ to ! ,,t[] = decl9+ to
 take !     ,,oa?s4  ,! ,h\se be+       
acqua9t$1 t ,mr4 ,,*olmly att5d$ accord+
 to _! ord] ( ,tuesday la/2  ,he 0 call$
 91 & came up to ! table3 ,& ,mr        
,speak]1 by ! direction ( ! ,h\se1      
acqua9t$ him to ?is effect1 viz41 ,t !  
,h\se _h tak5 notice ( 8 be+ abs5t f _! 
s]vice a consid]able "t1 & t n[ he 0    
come he 0 to t5d] him1 & accord+ly did  

t5d] him1 ! ,oa?s ( ,allegiance &       
,supremacy appo9t$ to be tak5 by !      
,memb]s ( ! ,h\se1 accord+ to an ,act ( 
?is pres5t ,p>liam5t4  ,to :i* ,mr4     
,*olmly repli$1 ,t z to 8 abs5ce1 bo? :5
 he 0 9 ! c\ntry & s9ce he came to t[n1 
he _h be5 infirm & lame1 & _h be5 "u !  
doctor's h&s1 & c\ld n z yet recov]     
himself4 ,& t he _h endeavor$ to qualify
 himself to be a sitt+ ,memb] ( ! ,h\se1
 by tak+ ! ,oa?s1 z ! ,h\se expects1 b t
 he c\ld n z yet d x3 ,& !re=e humbly   
submitt$ himself to ! ,h\se2 & t he did 
x n out ( any wilful humor4  ,^u :i* he 
0 comm&$ to )draw4  ,& be+ )drawn       
accord+ly2  ,resolv$1 ,t ,francis       
,*olmly1 ,esquire1 a ,memb] ( ?is ,h\se1
 = 8 contempt 9 refus+ to take ! ,oa?s1 
99 991 be committ$ ,prison] to ! ,t[] ( 
,london4  ,ord]$1 ,t ! ,s]jeant-at-,arms
 att5d+ ?is ,h\se d take into 8 cu/ody !
 said ,mr4 ,*olmly1 & convey him to !   
,t[]3 ,& t ,mr4 ,speak] d issue 8       
,w>rant = t purpose4   ,,prec$5t ( a    
,,memb]1 be+ a ,,quak]1 refus+ to take !

 ,,oa?4  ,h\se call$ ov]1  ,& ! "n (    
,john ,ar*dale1 ,esquire1 a burgess = ! 
bor\gh ( ,*ipp+ ,wicomb1 9 ! c\nty (    
,bucks1 be+ call$ ov] a second "t3  ,mr4
 ,speak] acqua9t$ ! ,h\se t ,mr4        
,ar*dale _h be5 ) him ?is morn+1 &      
deliv]$ him a lett] seal$1 :i* ,mr4     
,speak] pres5t$ to ! ,h\se4  ,& ! same 0
 op5$ & read1 & is z foll[e?1 viz43--   
,london1 ! #crd ( ! #aa? mon?1 call$    
,janu>y #afih-i4       ,sir4       ,^u !
 call ( ! ,h\se x w appe> t ,i am duly  
*os5 & return$ to s]ve 9 ,p>liam5t = !  
bor\gh (      ,*ipp+ ,wycomb1 9 ! c\nty 
( ,bucks2 &1 !re=e1 ,i      reque/ ( !e 
to acqua9t ! honorable ,h\se ( ,commons 
!      reason ,i h n z yet appe>$1 :i*  
is1 t ! burgesses      be+ volunt>ily   
incl9$ to elect me1 ,i did n oppose _!  
incl9ations1 believ+ t my decl>ations ( 
fidelity1 etc41      might1 9 ?is case1 
z 9 o!rs1 :]e ! law requires an         
oa?1 be accept$1 ,i am1 !re=e1 ready to 
execute my tru/      if ! ,h\se ?9k fit 
to admit ( me !reupon2 :i* ,i d         

humbly submit to _! wisdom & ju/ice2 &  
%all acquiesce      ) :at !y w be pleas$
 to det]m9e !re93 ,?is be+      all at  
pres5t1 ,i rema91      ,?y real & oblig$
 fri5d1      ,,john ,,ar*dale4  ,day    
appo9t$ = consid]+ ! cont5ts ( ! said   
lett]4  ,mr4 ,ar*dale ord]$ to att5d4   
,! ,h\se be+ in=m$1 t ,mr4 ,ar*dale     
att5d$ accord+ to ord]2  ,8 lett] to    
,mr4 ,speak] 0 aga9 read2  ,& ! sev]al  
/atutes qualify+ p]sons to come into &  
sit & vote 9 ?is ,h\se 7 read1 viz41 ( !
 #cj ,c>4 ,,ii41 #a ,w4 & ,m>iae1 & #g &
 #h ,w4 & ,m>iae4  ,& !n ! said ,mr4    
,ar*dale 0 call$ 91  ,& he came into !  
middle ( ! ,h\se1 almo/ to ! table2  ,& 
,mr4 ,speak]1 by direction ( ! ,h\se1   
ask$ him :e!r he _h tak5 ! ,oa?s or w\ld
 take ! ,oa?s1 appo9t$ to qualify       
himself to be a memb] ( ?is ,h\se2 ,to  
:i* he answ]$1 ,t 9 reg>d to a pr9ciple 
( 8 religion he _h n tak5 ! ,oa?s1 nor  
c\ld take !m4  ,& !n he )drew4  ,a new  
,writ ord]$4   ,,prec$5t ( a ,,memb]    
expell$ = abscond+1 & n tak+ !          

,,oa?s4  ,! ,h\se 0 call$ ov] accord+ to
 ord]4  ,& ! names ( su* z made default 
to appe> 7 tak5 d[n4  ,ord]$1 ,t ! names
 ( su* z made default be n[ call$ ov]4  
,& !y 7 call$ ov] accord+ly4  ,& sev]al 
( !m appe>$1 & o!rs 7 excus$ ^u acc\nt (
 _! be+ ill1 "s 9 ! c\ntry1 "s 9 t[n2 & 
o!rs ^u acc\nt ( _! be+ 9 ! c\ntry ^u   
extraord9>y occasions2 & "s z be+ ^u !  
road4  ,^u call+ ov] ! names ( 99 99    
,,lewis ,,price1 ,esquire1 99 99 !y 7 n 
excus$4  ,sev]al ,memb]s s5t =4  ,ord]$1
 ,t ,lewis ,price1 ,esquire1 be s5t =1 9
 cu/ody ( ! ,s]jeant-at-,arms att5d+ ?is
 ,h\se4  ,! ,s]jeant-at-,arms be+ call$ 
^u to give ! ,h\se an acc\nt ( :at he _h
 done 9 relation to ,lewis ,pryse1      
,esquire1 :o 01 ! #h? ( ,augu/ la/1     
ord]$ to be s5t = 9 cu/ody1 = n att5d+ !
 ,s]vice ( ! ,h\se2 he acqua9t$ ! ,h\se1
 ,t ! mess5g] he s5t to br+ up ,mr4     
,pryse1 _h be5 at 8 h\se at ,g>ga!n1 b t
 he 0 n !re2 nor c\ld ! mess5g] h any   
intellig5ce :]e he 04  ,ord]$1 ,t ,lewis
 ,pryse1 ,esquire1 d surr5d] himself    

into ! cu/ody ( ! ,s]jeant-at-,arms     
att5d+ ?is ,h\se1 by ?is day mon? at !  
f>!/1 ^u pa9 ( occurr+ ! f>!r           
displeasure ( ?is ,h\se1 & ( be+ proce$$
 aga9/ ) ! utmo/ sev]ity4  ,! ord] ( !  
#bnd ( ,febru>y la/ be+ read requir+    
,lewis ,pryse1 ,esquire1 to surr5d]     
himself into ! cu/ody ( !               
,s]jeant-at-,arms att5d+ ?is ,h\se by t 
day mon? at f>!/2  ,! ,s]jeant 0 call$  
^u to "k :e!r he _h he>d f ! said ,mr4  
,pryse1 & he acqua9t$ ! ,h\se1 ,t he _h 
n he>d f him4  ,mr4 ,speak] acqua9t$ !  
,h\se1 t he _h receiv$ a lett] f ! said 
,mr4 ,pryse1 & he deliv]$ ! same to !   
,cl]k to be read2 & ! same 0 read       
accord+ly1 & is z foll[s1 viz43         
,sir1       ',tis ) pleasure t ,i       
embrace e opportunity (      return+ y  
my ackn[l$gm5ts = ! good (fices y h     
done me1 z (t5 z ! case ( my unavoidable
 abs5ce has      come "u debate 9 !     
,h\se4 ,! repeat$ exp]i5ce ,i h      _h 
( y\r fri5d%ip 9 ?is po9t1 enc\rages me 
to hope =      ! cont9uance ( !m1 :i* ,i

 %all n (f] to desire      long] ?an !  
reasonabl5ess ( my case %all appe> to   
des]ve !m4       ,i beg leave once m to 
repres5t x to y2 & ?r\gh y\r            
assi/ance to ! honorable ,h\se2 ^:      
displeasure z x is a      v s5sible     
affliction to me1 ,i %\ld be glad by any
 means      9 my p[] to remove4 ,t z x  
is impracticable = me to      att5d by !
 "t appo9t$1 because ( a v sev]e fit (  
! g\t :i* ,i am n[ afflict$ )1 & !reby  
give      satisfaction to ! ,h\se 9 !   
me?od !y h insi/$ on2      ,i hope !y w 
accept ( su* z is 9 my p[]1 & give me   
a favorable he>+ :5 ,i repres5t to !m1 t
 ,i 0 *ose      knight ( ! %ire (       
,c>digan :5 ,i 0 at #ajj miles di/ant   
f x1 & _h be5 abs5t !nce = t5 mon?s be=e
 !      "t ( my election2 :i* ,i 0 s f> 
f seek+1 t ,i      nev] ask$ a vote = x1
 & 0 *ose ev5 aga9/ my      incl9ations4
       ,i "k n h[ f> a man is oblig$ to 
/& to ! *oice a      c\nty makes ( him4 
,sure ,i am t ,i h reason to compla9    
( a =ce t has adm9i/]$ ! occasion ( my  

disoblig+      ! honorable ,h\se1 by an 
abs5ce caus$ by infirmities1 "u      :i*
 ,i labor$ at ! "t ( my *oice1 & :i* h  
cont9u$ ^u me ev] s9ce ) ! greate/      
sev]ity1 &      ) little or no          
int]mission4       ,9 ^! circum/ances ,i
 w\ld fa9 hope t ! honorable      ,h\se 
w r blame ! c\ntry's *oice ?an him :o   
has      be5 unwill+ly =c$ into a po/1 &
 lies "u !      mis=tune 7= ,i flatt]   
myself 'twill n be ?\ght a crime7      (
 n be+ able to att5d ! bus9ess ( x2 & w 
!re=e lay aside _! displeasure1 & remit 
! s5t5ce      ord]$ aga9/ me4       ,&  
,i am ! r enc\rag$ to hope ?is1 because 
,mr4      ,prynne1 9 8 comm5t on ! f\r? 
book ( ,sir ,edw>d ,coke's              
,in/itutes1 %[s1 f v>i\s records1 t     
incurable      di/emp]s h be5 con/antly 
all[$ by ! ,h\se = a j      excuse (    
non-att5dance2 & ^u debates 9 su* cases1
 no      o!r puni%m5t has be5 inflict$  
?an excus+ ! s]vice      ( ! ,memb]1 &  
ord]+ a new writ = elect+ a p]son       
duly qualifi$1 & capable ( att5d+ !     

bus9ess ( !      ,h\se4 ,?is be+ ! c\rse
 ( ,p>liam5t>y proce$+s 9      su* cases
 z m9e1 :i* ,i h n[ truly repres5t$ to  
y1      & c produce hundr$s ( witnesses 
to confirm1 ,i hope t      ! unhappy    
incapacity ,i am "u ( att5d+ ! s]vice ( 
! ,h\se1 w be ?\ght to des]ve no sev]]  
treatm5t ?an      has be5 usual 9 ! l   
cases2 & t my ready submission      to !
 honorable ,h\se's pleasure 9 ?is po9t1 
w be a      means to re/ore me to _!    
favorable op9ion1 & engage y      to    
promote ! reque/ (      ,y\r mo/ oblig$ 
& ob$i5t humble s]vant1      ,,le       
,,pryse4       ,ab]llef5ny1 #ah?        
,febru>y1 #agae4       ,i "k n h[ f> !  
,h\se 9 _! la/ ord] ab\t me1      might 
be influ5c$ by any report ( ! mess5g] :o
 came      d[n to my h\se2 b to prev5t  
misrepres5tation ,i ?9k x      prop] to 
assure y1 t )9 ?ree days aft] a v       
dang]\s fit ( ! g\t suff]$ me to come   
d[n/airs1 ,i      came f !nce hi!r to my
 fa!r-9-law's1 eighte5 miles      9 my  
way to ,london4 ,b ! motion ( ev5 s     

small a j\rney      br\ght ano!r fit ^u 
me imm$iately1 ) :i* ,i h be5      laid 
up "h ev] s9ce1 & n hav+ be5 yet s mu* z
      able to return to my own h\se4    
,!n ! j\rnal ( ! 99 day ( ,may1 #afhi1 9
 ! case ( ,mr4 ,*olmondley 0 read4      
7,h\se int]rupt$--,conf]5ce47  ,! ,h\se 
resum$ ! consid]ation ( ! matt] relat+  
to ,mr4 ,pryse4  ,resolv$1 ,t ,lewis    
,pryse1 ,esquire1 a ,memb] ( ?is ,h\se1 
hav+ be5 s5t = 9 cu/ody ( !             
,s]jeant-at-,arms att5d+ ?is ,h\se1 !   
#h? day ( ,augu/ la/1 = n att5d+ !      
s]vice ( ?is ,h\se1 & hav+ nev] qualifi$
 himself z a ,memb] ( ?is ,h\se1 by tak+
 ! oa?s at ! table1 be =?) br\ght up 9  
cu/ody4  ,! ,mess5g] gives ! ,h\se an   
acc\nt ( :at he _h done pursuant to !   
ord] ( ! ,h\se4  ,resolv$1 ,t ,lewis    
,pryse1 ,esquire1 a ,memb] ( ?is ,h\se1 
hav+ be5 s5t = 9 cu/ody ( !             
,s]jeant-at-,arms att5d+ ?is ,h\se1 !   
#h? day ( ,augu/ la/1 = n att5d+ !      
s]vice ( ?is ,h\se1 & hav+ nev] qualifi$
 himself z a ,memb] ( ?is ,h\se by tak+ 

! ,oa?s at ! table2 & hav+ be5 on ! #bnd
 ( ,febru>y la/ summon$ to surr5d]      
himself into cu/ody ( !                 
,s]jeant-at-,arms1 ^u pa9 ( be+ proce$$ 
aga9/ ) ! utmo/ sev]ity1 & he hav+      
abscond$1 & p]emptorily refus$ to       
surr5d] himself into cu/ody1 be1 = !    
same contempt1 expell$ ?is ,h\se4       
,,prec$5t ( a ,,memb] refus+ to take !  
,,oa? ( ,,supremacy4  ,,daniel          
,o',,connell1 ,esq41 pr(ess+ ! ,roman   
,ca?olic religion1 return$ ,knight ( !  
,%ire = ! ,c\nty ( ,cl>e1 be+ introduc$ 
9 ! usual mann]1 = ! purpose ( tak+ 8   
seat1 produc$ at ! table a c]tificate ( 
8 hav+ be5 sworn be=e two ( ! deputies  
appo9t$ by ! ,"l ,/ew>d1 :]eupon ! cl]k 
t5d]$ to him ! ,oa?s ( ,allegiance1     
,supremacy1 & ,abjuration2 ^u :i* ,mr4  
,o',connell /at$1 t he 0 ready to take !
 ,oa?s ( ,allegiance & ,abjuration1 b t 
he c\ld n take ! ,oa? ( ,supremacy1 &   
claim$ ! privilege ( be+ all[$ to take !
 ,oa? set =? 9 ! ,act pass$ 9 ! pres5t  
,session ( ,p>liam5t = ! ,relief ( 8    

,maje/y's ,roman ,ca?olic ,subjects2    
:]eupon ! ,cl]k hav+ /at$ ! matt] to    
,mr4 ,speak]1 ,mr4 ,speak] in=m$ ,mr4   
,o',connell t1 accord+ to 8             
int]pretation ( ! law1 x 0 incumb5t on  
,mr4 ,o',connell to take ! ,oa?s (      
,allegiance1 ,supremacy1 & ,abjuration1 
& t ! provisions ( ! new ,act appli$    
only to ,memb]s return$ aft] !          
comm5cem5t ( ! said ,act1 except 9 s f> 
z reg>d$ ! repeal ( ! ,decl>ation aga9/ 
transub/antiation2 & t ,mr4 ,o',connell 
mu/ )draw unless he 7 prep>$ to take !  
,oa?s ( ,allegiance1 ,supremacy1 &      
,abjuration4  ,:]eupon ,mr4 ,o',connell 
)drew4  ,motion1 ,t ,mr4 ,o',connell be 
call$ back & he>d at ! table4 ,debate   
aris+4  ,a ,memb] /at$ t he 0 reque/$ by
 ,mr4 ,o',connell to desire t he might  
be he>d4  ,debate adj\rn$4  ,resolv$1 ,t
 ,mr4 ,o',connell1 ! ,memb] = ,cl>e1 be 
he>d at ! ,b>1 by himself1 8 c\nsel or  
ag5ts1 9 respect ( 8 claim to sit & vote
 9 ,p>liam5t )\t tak+ ! ,oa? (          
,supremacy4  ,mr4 ,o',connell 0 call$ 91

 & he>d accord+ly3 ,& be+ )drawn2       
,resolv$1 ,t x is ! op9ion ( ?is ,h\se1 
t ,mr4 ,o',connell hav+ be5 return$ a   
,memb] ( ?is ,h\se be=e ! comm5cem5t ( !
 ,act pass$ 9 ?is ,session ( ,p>liam5t =
 ! ,relief ( 8 ,maje/y's ,roman ,ca?olic
 ,subjects1 is n entitl$ to sit or vote 
9 ?is ,h\se unless he fir/ take ! ,oa? (
 ,supremacy4  ,ord]$1 ,t ,mr4           
,o',connell d att5d ! ,h\se ?is day1 & t
 ,mr4 ,speak] d !n communicate to him ! 
said resolution1 & ask him :e!r he w    
take ! ,oa? ( ,supremacy4  ,& ! ,h\se   
be+ in=m$ t ,mr4 ,o',connell att5d$ at !
 door1 he 0 call$ to ! ,b>1 & ,mr4      
,speak] communicat$ to him ! resolution 
( ! ,h\se ( ye/]day1 & ! ord] !reupon1 z
 foll[e?3--  ,resolv$1 ,t x is ! op9ion 
( ?is ,h\se1 t ,mr4 ,o',connell hav+ be5
 return$ a ,memb] ( ?is ,h\se be=e !    
comm5cem5t ( ! ,act pass$ 9 ?is ,session
 ( ,p>liam5t1 = ! ,relief ( 8 ,maje/y's 
,roman ,ca?olic ,subjects1 is n entitl$ 
to sit or vote 9 ?is ,h\se unless he    
fir/ take ! ,oa? ( ,supremacy4  ,ord]$1 

,t ,mr4 ,o',connell d att5d ! ,h\se ?is 
day1 & t ,mr4 ,speak] d !n communicate  
to him ! said resolution1 & ask him :e!r
 he w take ! ,oa? ( ,supremacy4  ,& !n  
,mr4 ,speak]1 pursuant to ! said ord]1  
ask$ ,mr4 ,o',connell :e!r he w\ld take 
! said ,oa? ( ,supremacy8 ,:]eupon ,mr4 
,o',connell reque/$ to see ! said ,oa?1 
:i* be+ %[n to him accord+ly1 ,mr4      
,o',connell /at$ t ! said ,oa? conta9$  
"o proposition :i* he knew to be false1 
& ano!r proposition :i* he believ$ to be
 untrue2 & t he !re=e refus$ to take !  
said ,oa? ( ,supremacy4  ,& !n ,mr4     
,o',connell 0 direct$ to )draw2 & he    
)drew accord+ly4  ,ord]$1 ,t ,mr4       
,speak] d issue 8 w>rant to ! ,cl]k ( ! 
,cr[n 9 ,irel& to make out 7subject to !
 provisions ( an ,act pass$ 9 ?is       
,session ( ,p>liam5t1 intitul$1 ,an ,act
 to am5d c]ta9 ,acts ( ! ,p>liam5t (    
,irel& relative to ! election ( ,memb]s 
to s]ve 9 ,p>liam5t1 & to regulate !    
qualification ( p]sons to vote at !     
election ( ,knights ( ! ,%ire ( ,irel&7 

a new writ = ! elect+ ( a ,knight ( !   
,%ire to s]ve 9 ?is pres5t ,p>liam5t = !
 ,c\nty ( ,cl>e1 9 ! room ( ,daniel     
,o',connell1 ,esq41 :o1 hav+ be5 return$
 a ,memb] ( ?is ,h\se be=e ! comm5cem5t 
( an ,act pass$ 9 ?is ,session (        
,p>liam5t = ! ,relief ( 8 ,maje/y's     
,roman ,ca?olic ,subjects1 has refus$ to
 qualify himself to sit & vote z a      
,memb] ( ?is ,h\se1 by tak+ ! ,oa? (    
,supremacy4   ,,prec$5t ( a ,,memb] be+ 
a ,,quak]1 claim+ to make an            
,,affirmation4  ,sev]al ,memb]s att5d$  
at ! table to take ! ,oa?s2 & ,joseph   
,pease1 ,esquire1 return$ = ! ,s\!rn    
,division ( ! ,c\nty ( ,durham1 hav+    
/at$ t1 be+ "o ( ! p call$ ,quak]s1 he  
claim$ ! privilege ( mak+ an            
,affirmation1 in/ead ( tak+ ! ,oa?s2    
:]eupon he 0 desir$ by ,mr4 ,speak] to  
retire until ! s5se ( ! ,h\se c\ld be   
tak5 ^u 8 claim2 & he retir$ accord+ly4 
,ord]$1 ,t a ,select ,committee be      
appo9t$ to se>* ! ,j\rnals ( ! ,h\se1 & 
to report to ! ,h\se su* prec$5ts1 & su*

 ,acts or p>ts ( ,acts ( ,p>liam5t z    
relate to ! "r ( ! p call$ ,quak]s to   
take _! seats 9 ,p>liam5t1 & to !       
privilege conf]r$ ^u !m to make _!      
solemn ,affirmation 9 ,c\rts ( ,ju/ice1 
& o!r places :]e by law an ,oa? is      
all[$1 au?oris$1 or requir$ to be tak54 
,report3--  ,resolv$1 ,t x appe>s to ?is
 ,h\se1 t ,joseph ,pease is entitl$ to  
take 8 seat ^u mak+ 8 solemn            
,affirmation & ,decl>ation to ! effect (
 ! ,oa?s direct$ to be tak5 at ! table (
 ?is ,h\se4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,! ,c\nsel & ,ag5ts 
9 ! case ( ! ,col]a9e ,election1 be+    
return$ to ! b>1 ! ,cl]k appo9t$ to     
att5d ! said ,committee deliv]$ into !  
,h\se a r$uc$ ,li/2 & ! same 0 call$    
ov]1 & is z foll[s3--         99        
99       99       99       99  ,& !     
,memb]s ( ! ,committee be+ z usual1 come
 to ! ,table to be sworn1 & ,joseph     
,pease1 ,esquire1 a ,quak]1 be+ "o ( !  
said ,memb]s1 ,mr4 ,speak] submitt$ to !
 ,h\se :e!r ,mr4 ,pease 0 capable ( s]v+

 on ! said ,election ,committee )\t hav+
 be5 sworn4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,& ! ,h\se be+      
unanim\sly ( op9ion1 ,t ,mr4 ,pease 0   
capable ( s]v+ on ! said ,committee2  ,!
 re/ ( ! ,committee 7 sworn1 & ,mr4     
,pease made 8 solemn ,affirmation1 z    
foll[s3         99       99       99    
99       99   ,,prec$5t ( a ,,memb]     
omitt+ ! words 9 ! ,,oa? ( ,,abjuration 
,on     ! true ,fai? ( a ,*ri/ian4  ,!  
,b>on ,,lionel ,,na?an ,,de ,,ro?s*ild1 
return$ z "o ( ! memb]s = ! ,city (     
,london1 came to ! table to be sworn2 & 
be+ ask$ by ! ,cl]k :at ,oa? he wi%$ to 
take1 ! ,prote/ant or ! ,roman ,ca?olic 
,oa?1 he repli$1 ,i desire to be sworn  
^u ! ,old ,te/am5t4  ,:]eupon ! ,cl]k   
hav+ /at$ ! matt] to ,mr4 ,speak]1 ,mr4 
,speak] direct$ ,b>on ,ro?s*ild to      
)draw4  ,debate on ,"q relative to !    
matt] adj\rn$4  ,ord]$1 ,t ,b>on ,lionel
 ,na?an de ,ro?s*ild1 "o ( ! ,memb]s = !
 ,city ( ,london1 hav+ dem&$ to be sworn
 on ! ,old ,te/am5t1 be call$ to !      

table1 & t ,mr4 ,speak] d ask him :y he 
has dem&$ to be sworn 9 t =m4  ,:]eupon 
,b>on ,lionel ,na?an de ,ro?s*ild1 hav+ 
come to ! ,table1 0 ask$ by ,mr4        
,speak]--  ,b>on de ,ro?s*ild1 y h dem&$
 to be sworn on ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & ,i am
 direct$ by ! ,h\se to ask y :y y h     
dem&$ to be sworn 9 t =m8  ,to :i* ,b>on
 ,lionel ,na?an de ,ro?s*ild repli$3    
,because t is ! =m ( swe>+ t ,i decl>e  
to be mo/ b9d+ on my consci5ce4  ,& !n  
,mr4 ,speak] direct$ him to )draw4      
,ord]$1 ,t ,b>on ,lionel ,na?an de      
,ro?s*ild1 "o ( ! ,memb]s = ! ,city (   
,london1 hav+ pres5t$ himself at ! table
 ( ! ,h\se1 & hav+ previ\sly to tak+ !  
,oa?s1 reque/$ to be sworn on ! ,old    
,te/am5t 7be+ ! =m :i* he has decl>$ at 
! table to be mo/ b9d+ on 8 consci5ce71 
! ,cl]k be direct$ to swe> him on ! ,old
 ,te/am5t accord+ly4  ,! ,b>on ,lionel  
,na?an de ,ro?s*ild1 hav+ come to !     
table1 ,mr4 ,speak] acqua9t$ him t !    
,h\se _h made ! foll[+ ,ord]3  ,t ,b>on 
,lionel ,na?an de ,ro?s*ild1 "o ( !     

,memb]s = ! ,city ( ,london1 hav+       
pres5t$ himself at ! table ( ! ,h\se1 & 
hav+ previ\sly to tak+ ! ,oa?s1 reque/$ 
to be sworn on ! ,old ,te/am5t 7be+ ! =m
 :i* he has decl>$ at ! table to be mo/ 
b9d+ on 8 consci5ce71 ! ,cl]k be direct$
 to swe> him on ! ,old ,te/am5t         
accord+ly4  ,:]eupon ! ,cl]k h&$ to him 
! ,old ,te/am5t1 & t5d]$ him ! ,oa?s2 & 
he accord+ly took ! ,oa?s ( ,allegiance 
& ,supremacy1 repeat+ ! same aft] !     
,cl]k2 ! ,cl]k !n proce$$ to adm9i/] !  
,oa? ( ,abjuration1 :i* ! ,b>on de      
,ro?s*ild repeat$ aft] ! ,cl]k s f> z ! 
words ^u ! true fai? ( a ,*ri/ian1 b ^u 
! ,cl]k read+ ^? words1 ! ,b>on de      
,ro?s*ild said1 ,i omit ^? words z n    
b9d+ on my consci5ce2 he !n conclud$ ) !
 words ,s help me1 ,god 7! ,cl]k n hav+ 
read ^? words to him71 & kiss$ ! said   
,te/am5t3--,:]eupon he 0 direct$ to     
)draw4  ,"q = a new writ negativ$4      
,resolv$1 ,t ! ,b>on ,lionel ,na?an de  
,ro?s*ild is n entitl$ to vote 9 ?is    
,h\se1 or to sit 9 ?is ,h\se dur+ any   

debate1 until he %all take ! ,oa? (     
,abjuration 9 ! =m appo9t$ by law4      
,resolv$1 ,t ?is ,h\se w1 at ! e>lie/   
opportunity 9 ! next ,session (         
,p>liam5t1 take into its s]i\s          
consid]ation ! =m ( ! ,oa? (            
,abjuration1 ) a view to relieve h]     
,maje/y's subjects pr(ess+ ! ,jewi%     
religion4  ,! ,h\se refuses to he>      
,petition]s by ,c\nsel 9 fav\r ( a      
resolution admitt+ ,b>on ,lionel de     
,ro?s*ild4  ,see case ( ,david          
,salomons1 ,esq41 ,july1 #ahea1 infra4  
,bill to provide = ! relief ( h]        
,maje/y's subjects pr(ess+ ! ,jewi%     
,religion4 ,br\ght f ! ,lords1 #ac?     
,july4 ,royal ass5t1 #bcrd ,july1 #aheh4
  ,oa?s ,bill ,pass$3 ,by ! ,lords )    
,am5dm5ts2 ,lords' ,am5dm5ts disagre$   
to2 ,lords insi/1 & assign reasons4     
,resolv$1 ,t ?is ,h\se does n consid] x 
necess>y to exam9e ! reasons (f]$ by !  
,lords = insi/+ ^u ! exclusion ( ,jews f
 ,p>liam5t1 z by a ,bill ( ! pres5t     
,session1 intitul$1 ,an ,act to provide 

= ! relief ( h] ,maje/y's subjects      
pr(ess+ ! ,jewi% ,religion1 _! ,lord%ips
 h provid$ means = ! admission ( p]sons 
pr(ess+ ! ,jewi% ,religion to seats 9 ! 
,legislature4  ,resolv$1 ,t ?is ,h\se   
do? n insi/ ^u its disagreem5t ) !      
,lords 9 _! ,am5dm5ts to ! said ,bill4  
,b>on ,lionel ,na?an de ,ro?s*ild1      
return$ z "o ( ! ,memb]s = ! ,city (    
,london1 came to ! table to be sworn2 & 
/at$ t1 be+ a p]son pr(ess+ ! ,jewi%    
religion1 he ent]ta9$ a consci5ti\s     
objection to take ! ,oa? :i*1 by an ,act
 pass$ 9 ! pres5t ,session1 has be5     
sub/itut$ = ! ,oa?s ( ,allegiance1      
,supremacy1 & ,abjuration1 9 ! =m !re9  
requir$4 ,:]eupon ! ,cl]k report$ !     
matt] to ,mr4 ,speak]1 :o desir$ ,b>on  
,lionel ,na?an de ,ro?s*ild to )draw1 & 
he )drew accord+ly4  ,resolv$1 ,t x     
appe>s to ?is ,h\se t ,b>on ,lionel     
,na?an de ,ro?s*ild1 a p]son pr(ess+ !  
,jewi% religion1 be+ o!rwise entitl$ to 
sit & vote 9 ?is ,h\se1 is prev5t$ f s  
sitt+ & vot+ by 8 consci5ti\s objection 

to take ! oa? :i*1 by an ,act pass$ 9 ! 
pres5t ,session ( ,p>liam5t1 has be5    
sub/itut$ = ! ,oa?s ( ,allegiance1      
,supremacy1 & ,abjuration1 9 ! =m !re9  
requir$4  ,resolv$1 ,t any p]son pr(ess+
 ! ,jewi% religion may h5ce=?1 9 tak+ ! 
oa? prescrib$ 9 an ,act ( ! pres5t      
,session ( ,p>liam5t to entitle him to  
sit & vote 9 ?is ,h\se1 omit ! words &  
,i make ?is decl>ation ^u ! true fai? ( 
a ,*ri/ian4  ,b>on ,lionel ,na?an de    
,ro?s*ild hav+ aga9 come to ! table1    
desir$ to be sworn on ! ,old ,te/am5t1 z
 be+ b9d+ on 8 consci5ce4  ,:]eupon !   
,cl]k report$ ! matt] to ,mr4 ,speak]1  
:o !n desir$ ! ,cl]k to swe> him ^u !   
,old ,te/am5t4  ,b>on ,lionel ,na?an de 
,ro?s*ild 0 sworn accord+ly1 & subscrib$
 ! ,oa? at ! table4  ,see case ( ,b>on  
,may] ,ams*el de ,ro?s*ild1 #ae? ,feb41 
#ahei1 infra4  ,p>liam5t dissolv$1 #bcrd
 ,april1 #ahei2 met1 #ca/ ,may1 #ahei4  
,b>on ,lionel ,na?an de ,ro?s*ild1      
,memb] = ! ,city ( ,london1 came to !   
table to be sworn1 & /at$ t be+ a p]son 

pr(ess+ ! ,jewi% religion1 he _h a      
consci5ti\s objection to take ! oa? 9 ! 
=m requir$ by ! ,act #bb ,vict4 c4 #dh4 
,! ,cl]k hav+ report$ ! circum/ance to  
,mr4 ,speak]1 ,b>on ,lionel ,na?an de   
,ro?s*ild 0 direct$ to )draw1 & he )drew
 accord+ly4  ,resolv$1 ,t x appe>s to   
?is ,h\se t ,b>on ,lionel ,na?an de     
,ro?s*ild1 a p]son pr(ess+ ! ,jewi%     
religion1 be+ o!rwise entitl$ to sit &  
vote 9 ?is ,h\se1 is prev5t$ f s sitt+ &
 vot+ by 8 consci5ti\s objection to take
 ! oa?1 :i* by an ,act pass$ 9 ! #bbnd  
ye> ( h] ,maje/y has be5 sub/itut$ = !  
,oa?s ( ,allegiance1 ,supremacy1 &      
,abjuration 9 ! =m !re9 requir$4        
,resolv$1 ,t any p]son pr(ess+ ! ,jewi% 
religion may h5ce=? 9 tak+ ! oa?        
prescrib$ 9 an ,act pass$ 9 !           
tw5ty-second ye> ( h] ,maje/y to entitle
 him to sit & vote 9 ?is ,h\se1 omit !  
words & ,i make ?is decl>ation ^u ! true
 fai? ( a ,*ri/ian4  ,:]eupon ,b>on     
,lionel ,na?an de ,ro?s*ild1 ,ald]man   
,david ,salomons1 & ,b>on ,may] ,ams*el 

de ,ro?s*ild1 be+ ,memb]s pr(ess+ !     
,jewi% religion1 hav+ come to ! table1 7
 sworn ^u ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & took ! oa?1
 omitt+ ! words & ,i make ?is decl>ation
 ^u ! true fai? ( a ,*ri/ian1 &         
subscrib$ ! same4   ,,prec$5t ( a       
,,memb] omitt+ ! words 9 ! ,,oa? ,,(    
,,abjuration1 on     ! true fai? ( a    
,*ri/ian4  ,,david ,,salomons1 ,esq41   
return$ z "o ( ! ,memb]s = ! bor\gh (   
,gre5wi*1 came to ! table to be sworn2 &
 be+ t5d]$ ! ,new ,te/am5t by ! ,cl]k1  
/at$ t he desir$ to be sworn on ! ,old  
,te/am5t3 ,:]eupon ! ,cl]k report$ !    
matt] to ,mr4 ,speak]1 & ,mr4 ,speak]   
ask$ him :y he desir$ to be sworn on !  
,old ,te/am5t2 he answ]$1 because he    
consid]$ x b9d+ on 8 consci5ce2 ,mr4    
,speak] !n desir$ ! ,cl]k to swe> him ^u
 ! ,old ,te/am5t2 ! ,cl]k h&$ to him !  
,old ,te/am5t1 & t5d]$ him ! oa?s2 & he 
took ! ,oa?s ( ,allegiance & ,supremacy1
 repeat+ ! same aft] ! ,cl]k4 ,! ,cl]k  
!n proce$$ to adm9i/] ! ,oa? (          
,abjuration1 :i* ,mr4 ,salomons read z  

f> z ! words ^u ! true fai? ( a         
,*ri/ian1 :i* he omitt$1 conclud+ ) !   
words ,s help me1 ,god4 ,& ! ,cl]k hav+ 
report$ to ,mr4 ,speak] t ,mr4 ,salomons
 _h omitt$ to repeat ! words ^u ! true  
fai? ( a ,*ri/ian1 ,mr4 ,speak] desir$  
,mr4 ,salomons to )draw4 ,he !reupon    
retir$ f ! table & sat d[n ^u "o ( ! l[]
 b5*es1 ^u :i* ,mr4 ,speak] in=m$ him t1
 n hav+ tak5 ! ,oa? ( ,abjuration 9 ! =m
 prescrib$ by ! ,act ( ,p>liam5t1 & 9 ! 
=m 9 :i* ! ,h\se _h ^u a =m] occasion   
express$ its op9ion t x ought to be     
tak51 he c\ld n be all[$ to rema9 9 !   
,h\se1 b mu/ )draw4 ,& he )drew         
accord+ly4  ,motion = new writ )drawn4  
,! ,h\se resum$ ! fur!r proce$+s4  ,mr4 
,ald]man ,salomons ent]$ ! ,h\se1 & took
 8 seat )9 ! ,b>3 ,:]eupon ,mr4 ,speak] 
said t he saw t a ,memb] _h tak5 8 seat 
)\t hav+ tak5 ! ,oa?s requir$ by law2 & 
t he mu/ !re=e desire t ! honorable     
,memb] d )draw4  ,mr4 ,ald]man ,salomons
 cont9u$ 9 ! seat )9 ! ,b>4  ,ord]$     
7aft] ,debate71 ,t ,mr4 ,ald]man        

,salomons d n[ )draw4  ,:]eupon ,mr4    
,speak] /at$ t ! honorable ,memb] =     
,gre5wi* _h he>d ! decision ( ! ,h\se1 &
 hop$ t ! honorable ,memb] 0 prep>$ to  
obey x4  ,mr4 ,ald]man ,salomons cont9u+
 to sit 9 8 seat1 ,mr4 ,speak] direct$ !
 ,s]jeant-at-,arms to remove him bel[ ! 
,b>4  ,:]eupon ,mr4 ,s]jeant-at-,arms   
hav+ plac$ 8 h& on ,mr4 ,ald]man        
,salomons1 he 0 conduct$ bel[ ! ,b>4  ,!
 ,h\se refuses to he> ,petition]s by    
,c\nsel at ! ,b> ( ! ,h\se 9 def5ce ( _!
 "r to elect _! own ,repres5tative4     
,resolv$ 7aft] ,debate71 ,t ,david      
,salomons1 ,esq41 is n entitl$ to vote 9
 ?is ,h\se1 or to sit 9 ?is ,h\se1 dur+ 
any debate1 until he %all take ! ,oa? ( 
,abjuration 9 ! =m appo9t$ by law4      
,,prec$5t ( a ,,memb] /at+ t he _h a    
consci5ti\s objection to     take !     
,,oa?4  ,b>on ,,may] ,,ams*el ,,de      
,,ro?s*ild1 return$ = ! t[n & port (    
,hy!1 came to ! table to be sworn1 &    
/at$ t1 be+ a p]son pr(ess+ ! ,jewi%    
religion1 he ent]ta9$ a consci5ti\s     

objection to take ! oa?1 :i* by an ,act 
pass$ 9 ! la/ ,session has be5 sub/itut$
 = ! ,oa?s ( ,allegiance1 ,supremacy1 & 
,abjuration1 9 ! =m !re9 requir$4       
,:]eupon ! ,cl]k report$ ! matt] to ,mr4
 ,speak]1 :o desir$ ,b>on ,may] ,ams*el 
de ,ro?s*ild to )draw2 & he )drew       
accord+ly4  ,resolv$1 ,t x appe>s to ?is
 ,h\se t ,b>on ,may] ,ams*el de         
,ro?s*ild1 a p]son pr(ess+ ! ,jewi%     
religion1 be+ o!rwise entitl$ to sit &  
vote 9 ?is ,h\se1 is prev5t$ f s sitt+ &
 vot+ by 8 consci5ti\s objection to take
 ! oa?1 :i* by an ,act pass$ 9 ! la/    
,session ( ,p>liam5t has be5 sub/itut$ =
 ! ,oa?s ( ,allegiance1 ,supremacy1 &   
,abjuration 9 ! =m !re9 requir$4        
,resolv$1 ,t any p]son pr(ess+ ! ,jewi% 
religion may h5ce=?1 9 tak+ ! oa?       
prescrib$ 9 an ,act ( ! la/ ,session (  
,p>liam5t to entitle him to sit & vote 9
 ?is ,h\se1 omit ! words & ,i make ?is  
decl>ation ^u ! true fai? ( a ,*ri/ian4 
,b>on ,may] ,ams*el de ,ro?s*ild1 be+   
aga9 come to ! table1 desir$ to be sworn

 on ! ,old ,te/am5t z b9d+ on 8         
consci5ce4  ,:]eupon ! ,cl]k report$ !  
matt] to ,mr4 ,speak]1 :o !n desir$ !   
,cl]k to swe> him ^u ! ,old ,te/am5t4   
,b>on ,may] ,ams*el de ,ro?s*ild 0 sworn
 accord+ly1 & subscrib$ ! oa? at !      
table4     ,app5dix ,no4 #b4  ,,pap] h&$
 9 by ,mr4 ,bradlaugh1 #bnd ,june1      
#ahhj4  ,,prec$5ts ,,relat+ ,,to        
,,p>liam5t>y ,,oa?s4   ,,case (         
,attorney ,g5]al ,sir ,,francis ,,bacon1
 ,commons ,j\rnals1 ,vol4 #a1     page  
#dei1 #aa? ,april1 #afad1 cont9u$ f page
 #def1 #h? ,april4  ,,eligibility ( !   
,attorney ,g5]al to sit 9 ,p>liam5t4 ,by
 #df ,edw>d ,,iii41 #acgb1 no practis+  
b>ri/] c\ld be ,knight ( ! ,%ire4  ,page
 #dei4--,! prec$5ts to disable him ought
 to be %[$ on ! o!r side4  ,page        
#dfj4--,_! ,oa? _! own consci5ces to    
look unto1 n we to exam9e x4  ,at t date
 ea* ,memb] _h to make ,oa? t he 0 duly 
qualifi$4  #a4 ,"q :e!r he %all = ?is   
,p>liam5t rema9 ( ! ,h\se or            
n3--,resolv$1 ,he %all4  #b4 ,"q4--,:e!r

 any ,attorney ,g5]al %all aft] ?is     
,p>liam5t s]ve z a ,memb] ( ?is         
,h\se3--,resolv$1 ,no4   ,,case ( ,,john
 ,,wilkes1 ,esquire1 ,commons ,j\rnal1  
#ch1 page #igg1 #crd ,may1     #aghb4   
,,! ,h\se 0 mov$1 t ! entry 9 ! ,j\rnal 
( ! ,h\se1 ( ! #ag? day ( ,febru>y1     
#agfi1 ( ! ,resolution1 ,t ,john        
,wilkes1 ,esquire1 hav+ be5 9 ?is       
,session ( ,p>liam5t expell$ ?is ,h\se1 
0 & is incapable ( be+ elect$ a ,memb]  
to s]ve 9 ?is pres5t ,p>liam5t1 might be
 read1 & ! same be+ read accord+ly2  ,a 
motion 0 made1 & ! "q be+ put1 ,t ! said
 resolution be expung$ f ! ,j\rnals (   
?is ,h\se1 z be+ subv]sive ( ! rights ( 
! :ole body ( electors ( ?is ,k+dom4  ,!
 ,h\se divid$4  ,! ,yeas w5t =?4        
,tell]s = ! ,yeas1 ,sir ,philip ,j5n+s  
,cl>ke & ,mr4 ,byng1 #aae4  ,tell]s = ! 
,noes1 ,mr4 ,john ,/4 ,john & ,sir      
,william ,augu/us ,cunynghame1 #dg1  ,s 
x 0 resolv$ 9 ! affirmative4  ,& ! same 
0 expung$ by ! ,cl]k at ! table1        
accord+ly4  ,ord]$1 ,t all ,decl>ations1

 ,ord]s1 & ,resolutions ( ?is ,h\se1    
respect+ ! election ( ,john ,wilkes1    
,esquire1 = ! c\nty ( ,middlesex1 z a   
void election1 ! true & legal election (
 ,h5ry ,lawes ,luttrell1 ,esquire1 into 
,p>liam5t = ! said c\nty1 & ! incapacity
 ( ,john ,wilkes1 ,esquire1 to be elect$
 a ,memb] to s]ve 9 ! said ,p>liam5t1 be
 expung$ f ! ,j\rnals ( ?is ,h\se z be+ 
subv]sive ( ! rights ( ! :ole body (    
electors ( ?is ,k+dom4  ,by ,cav5di%'s  
,p>liam5t>y ,debates1 ,vol4 ,i41 page   
#gc1 #bd? ,novemb]1 #agfh1 x appe>s t   
int] alia 7 us$ to ju/ify ! orig9al &   
subsequ5tly expung$ ,resolutions--fir/1 
! copy ( ! record ( ! proce$+s1 on an   
in=mation 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,k+'s ,b5*1 aga9/ 
,john ,wilkes1 ,esquire1 =              
blasphemy--page #abc2 ?ree obsc5e &     
impi\s libels2 an impi\s libel ) int5t  
to blaspheme ! ,almighty ,god4   ,,case 
( ,mr4 ,,john ,,horne ,,tooke1          
,p>liam5t>y ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 #ce1 page    
#ief1     #af? ,febru>y1 #ahja4  ,mr4   
,john ,horne ,tooke took ! ,oa?s & 8    

seat = ,old ,s>um4 ,he 0 introduc$ by   
,sir ,francis ,burdett & ,mr4 ,wilson4  
,?is be+ done1 ,e>l ,temple rose & said1
 he _h obs]v$ a g5tleman :o _h j retir$ 
f ! table1 aft] hav+ tak5 ! ,oa?s1 :om  
he conceiv$ to be incapable ( a seat 9 t
 ,h\se1 9 consequ5ce ( 8 hav+ tak5      
prie/'s ord]s & be5 induct$ into a liv+4
 ,he w\ld wait ! allott$ "t ( f\rte5    
days to see :e!r !re 0 any petition     
pres5t$ aga9/ 8 return2 if n he %\ld !n 
move t ! return = ,old ,s>um be tak5    
into consid]ation4  ,page #acbc1 #aj?   
,m>*1 #ahja4--;,e>l ,temple mov$ t ,mr4 
,b\*]1 ,deputy ,regi/r> ( ,salisbury1 be
 call$ 9 to prove t ,mr4 ,horne ,tooke1 
be+ a prie/ 9 ord]s1 0 n eligible to a  
seat 9 t ,h\se4 ,aft] debate1 9 :i* ,mr4
 ,john ,horne ,tooke spoke--,am5dm5t &  
,division--,motion agre$ to 7page       
#acdb71--,select ,committee appo9t$     
7page #acdc74 ,two reports giv51 pages  
#acdc to #acdi1 7 made1 giv+ all ! cases
 ( any ( ! cl]gy return$ to ,p>liam5t4  
#d? ,may1 #ahja4--;,e>l ,temple mov$    

7pages #acdi to #acgd71 ,t ,mr4 ,speak] 
d issue 8 w>rant to ! cl]k ( ! ,cr[n 9  
,great ,brita91 to make out a new writ =
 ! election ( a burgess to s]ve 9 ?is   
pres5t ,p>liam5t = ! ,bor\gh ( ,old     
,s>um1 9 ! c\nty ( ,wilts1 9 ! room ( ! 
,rev4 ,john ,horne ,tooke1 :o be+ at !  
"t ( 8 election 9 prie/'s ord]s1 0 & is 
incapable ( sitt+ 9 ?is ,h\se4 ,a debate
 took place 9 :i* ,mr4 ,john ,horne     
,tooke spoke 7pp4 #acej to #adjb71      
division1 & ! motion negativ$4  ,juri/1 
,vol4 #ag1 ,page #dfc4--;,ex*equ]       
,*amb]2 ,error f ! ,c\rt ( ,ex*equ]3    
,coram1 ,"l ,campbell1 ,*ief ,ju/ice1 & 
,col]idge1 ,cresswell1 ,wightman1       
,williams1 & ,crompton1 ,j4  ,"o judgm5t
 by ,"l ,*ief ,ju/ice ,campbell = ! :ole
 ,c\rt4  ,"l ,campbell 7page #dfd74--,! 
words s help me1 ,god1 are words (      
assev]ation1 & ( ! mann] ( tak+ ! oa?2 b
 ! words prec$+ !m are1 x appe>s to me1 
an ess5tial "p ( ! oa?4  ,fi%]'s ,dige/1
 ,vol4 #c1 page #fagi4--;,by a private  
,act1 no p]son appo9t$ to act z ti!     

valu] %all be capable ( act+ until he   
%all h tak5 & subscrib$ an oa? 9 ! words
 foll[+3 ,i1 ,a4 ,b41 d swe> t ,i w     
fai?fully1 etc41 execute1 etc42 s help  
me1 ,god4 ,held1 t ! oa? _h nev]!less   
be5 prop]ly adm9i/]$ accord+ to !       
,/atute1 = ! words omitt$ 7 no "p ( !   
oa?1 b only an indication ( ! mann] (   
adm9i/]+ x4 ,lanca/] & ,c>lisle ,railway
 ,company v4 ,heaton1 #h ,el4  ,bl41    
#ieb2 #d ,jur41 ,n4 ,s41 #gjg2 #bg ,l4  
,j41 ,q4 ,b41 #aie4     ,app5dix ,no4   
#c4  ,,pap] h&$ 9 by ,mr4 ,,bradlaugh1  
#bnd ,june1 #ahhj4  ,,/atem5t on ! ,,oa?
 ,,"q by ,mr4 ,,bradlaugh4   #bj1       
,circus ,road1 ,/4 ,john's ,wood1       
,london1 ,n4,w41 #bj? ,may1 #ahhj4  ,,:5
 elect$ z "o ( ! ,burgesses to repres5t 
,nor?ampton 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 ,i    
believ$ t ,i _h ! legal "r to make      
affirmation ( allegiance 9 lieu ( tak+ !
 oa?1 z provid$ by section #d ( !       
,p>liam5t>y ,oa?s ,act1 #ahff4 ,:ile ,i 
consid]$ t ,i _h ?is legal "r1 x 0 !n   
cle>ly my moral duty to make !          

affirmation4 ,! oa?1 al?\gh to me       
includ+ words ( idle & mean+less "*1 01 
& is1 reg>d$ by a l>ge numb] ( my fell[ 
c\ntrym5 z an appeal to ,deity to take  
cognizance ( _! swe>+4 ,x w\ld h be5 an 
act ( hypocrisy to volunt>ily take ?is  
=m if any o!r _h be5 op5 to me1 or to   
take x )\t prote/1 z ?\gh x meant 9 my  
m\? any su* appeal4 ,i1 !re=e1 quietly &
 privately notifi$ ! ,cl]k ( ! ,h\se (  
my desire to affirm4 ,8 view ( ! law &  
practice diff]+ f my own1 & no simil>   
case hav+ !ret(ore aris51 x became      
necess>y t ,i %\ld t5d] myself to affirm
 9 a m =mal mann]1 & ?is ,i did at a    
season deem$ conv5i5t by ^? 9 *>ge ( !  
bus9ess ( ! ,h\se4 ,9 t5d]+ my          
affirmation1 ,i 0 c>eful :5 call$ on by 
! ,speak] to /ate my objection1 to d    
no?+ m ?an put 9 ! fewe/ possible words 
my cont5tion t ! ,p>liam5t>y ,oa?s ,act1
 #ahff1 gave ! "r to affirm 9 ,p>liam5t 
to e p]son = ! "t be+ by law p]mitt$ to 
make an affirmation 9 lieu ( tak+ an    
oa?1 & t ,i 0 su* a p]son1 & !re=e      

claim$ to affirm4 ,! ,speak] nei!r      
refus+1 nor accept+ my affirmation1     
ref]r$ ! matt] to ! ,h\se1 :i* appo9t$ a
 ,select ,committee to report :e!r      
p]sons entitl$ to affirm "u ! ,evid5ce  
,am5dm5t ,acts1 #ahfi & #ahgj1 71 "u    
,section #d ( ! ,p>liam5t>y ,oa?s ,act1 
#ahff1 also entitl$ to affirm z ,memb]s 
( ,p>liam5t4 ,?is ,committee1 by !      
ca/+-vote ( its ,*airman1 has decid$ t  
,i am n entitl$ to affirm4 ,two c\rses  
are op5 to me1 "o ( appeal to ! ,h\se   
aga9/ ! decision ( ! ,committee2 ! o!r1 
( pres5t compliance ) ! c]emony1 :ile   
do+ my be/ to prev5t ! fur!r ma9t5ance (
 a =m :i* _m o!r ,memb]s ( ! ,h\se ?9k z
 objectionable z ,i d1 b :i* habit1 & ! 
fe> ( excit+ prejudice1 has induc$ !m to
 submit to4 ,to appeal to ! ,h\se aga9/ 
! decision ( ! ,committee w\ld be       
ungraci\s1 & w\ld c]ta9ly involve great 
delay ( public bus9ess4 ,i 0 pres5t at !
 delib]ations ( ! ,committee1 & :ile    
naturally ,i _c be expect$ to b[        
submissively to ! /atem5ts & argum5ts ( 

my oppon5ts1 ,i am b\nd to say t !y 7   
calmly & fairly urg$4 ,i ?9k !m         
unreasonable2 b ! fact t !y includ$ a   
legal argum5t f an e>ne/ ,lib]al        
deprives !m ev5 ( a purely p>ty "*4 ,if 
,i appeal$ to ! ,h\se aga9/ !           
,committee1 ,i1 ( c\rse1 might rely on !
 fact t ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 ! ,solicitor
 ,g5]al1 ,sir ,h5ry ,jackson1 ,q4,c41   
,watk9 ,williams1 ,q4,c41 & ,mr4        
,s]jeant ,simon are report$ 9 ! ,times  
to h int]pret$ ! law z ,i d2 & ,i might 
add t ! ,"r ,honorable ,john ,bright &  
,mr4 ,:itbread are 9 ! same j\rnal      
array$ 9 favor ( all[+ me to affirm4 ,b 
ev5 !n ! decision ( ! ,h\se may endorse 
t ( ! ,committee1 & %\ld x be 9 my favor
 x c\ld only1 judg+ f :at has already   
tak5 place1 be aft] a bitt] p>ty debate1
 9 :i* ! ,gov]nm5t specially & !        
,lib]als g5]ally w\ld be s\ght to be    
burd5$ ) my anti-!ological views1 & )   
promot+ my return to ,p>liam5t4 ,z a    
matt] ( fact1 ! ,lib]als ( ,engl& h nev]
 9 any way promot$ my return to         

,p>liam5t4 ,! mu*-attack$ action ( ,mr4 
,adam _h relation only to ! second seat1
 & 9 no way relat$ to ! "o = :i* ,i 0   
fight+4 ,9 #ahfh1 ! only action ( ,mr4  
,glad/one & ( ,mr4 ,bright 0 to write   
lett]s 9 favor ( my competitors2 & s9ce 
#ahfh ,i d n believe t ei!r ( ^! g5tlem5
 has directly or indirectly int]f]$ 9   
any way 9 connection ) my ,p>liam5t>y   
c&idature4 ,! majority ( ! electors (   
,nor?ampton _h det]m9$ to return me be=e
 ! rec5t union 9 t bor\gh1 & :ile pleas$
 to aid _! fell[ ,lib]als 9 w9n+ ! two  
seats1 my con/itu5ts w\ld h at any rate 
return$ me _h no union tak5 place4 ,my  
duty to my con/itu5ts is to fulfil !    
m&ate !y h giv5 me1 & if to d ?is ,i h  
to submit to a =m less solemn to me ?an 
! affirmation ,i w\ld h rev]5tly made1 s
 mu* ! worse = ^? :o =ce me to repeat   
words :i* ,i h scores ( times decl>$ are
 to me s\nds convey+ no cle> & def9ite  
mean+4 ,i am sorry = ! e>ne/ believ]s :o
 see words sacr$ to !m us$ z a mean+less
 add5dum to a promise1 b ,i _c p]mit _! 

less s9c]e co-religioni/s to use an idle
 =m 9 ord] to prev5t me f do+ my duty to
 ^? :o h *os5 me to speak = !m 9        
,p>liam5t4 ,i %all1 tak+ ! oa?1 reg>d   
myself z b\nd1 n by ! lett] ( its words1
 b by ! _s :i* ! affirmation w\ld h     
convey$ _h ,i be5 p]mitt$ to use x4 ,s  
soon z ,i am able1 ,i %all take su* /eps
 z may be consi/5t ) ,p>liam5t>y bus9ess
 to put an end to ! pres5t d\btful &    
un=tunate /ate ( ! law & practice on    
oa?s & affirmations4 ,only f\r cases h  
aris5 ( refusal to take ! oa? except1 ( 
c\rse1 ^? cases purely political 9 _!   
"*2 two ( ^? cases are ^? ( ! ,quak]s   
,john ,ar*dale & ,joseph ,pease4 ,!     
religion ( ^! m5 =bade !m to swe> at    
all1 & !y nobly refus$4 ,! sect to :i*  
!y belong$ 0 outlaw$1 insult$ &         
imprison$2 !y 7 firm1 & "o ( t sect sat 
on ! v committee1 a memb] ( h] ,maje/y's
 ,privy ,c\ncil1 & a memb] ( ! actual   
,cab9et4 ,i ?ank him gratefully t1 valu+
 "r s highly1 he ca/ 8 vote s nobly = "o
 = :om ,i am afraid he has b scant      

sympa?y4 ,no su* religi\s scruple       
prev5ts me f tak+ ! oa? z prev5t$ ,john 
,ar*dale & ,joseph ,pease4 ,9 ! case (  
,b>on ,ro?s*ild & ,ald]man ,salomons !  
words ^u ! true fai? ( a ,*ri/ian 7 !   
ob/acle4 ,to-day ! oa? conta9s no su*   
words4 ,! ,committee report t ,i may n  
affirm1 & prote/+ aga9/ a decision :i*  
seems to me alike aga9/ ! lett] ( ! law 
& ! _s ( mod]n legislation1 ,i comply ) 
! =ms ( ! ,h\se4      ,,*>les           
,,bradlaugh4     ,,mr4 ,,bradlaugh',s   
,,spee*es4  ,,mr4 ,,bradlaugh',s ,fir/  
,spee* at ! ,b> ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1   
deliv]$ ,june #bcrd1 #ahhj4   ,,sir1--,i
 h to ask ! indulg5ce ( e memb] ( ?is   
,h\se :ile1 9 a position unexampl$ 9 !  
hi/ory ( ?is ,h\se1 ,i try to give "o or
 two reasons :y ! resolution :i* y h    
read to me %\ld n be en=c$4 ,if x 7 n   
unbecom+ ,i %\ld appeal to ! traditions 
( ! ,h\se aga9/ ! ,h\se itself1 & ,i    
%\ld po9t out t 9 none ( its records1 s 
f> z my poor read+ goes1 is !re any case
 9 :i* ?is ,h\se has judg$ "o ( its     

memb]s 9 8 abs5ce1 & tak5 away f t memb]
 ! con/itutional "r he has 7he>1 he>74  
,!re h be5 memb]s aga9/ :om absolute    
legal disqualification has be5 urg$4 ,no
 su* legal disqualification is v5tur$ to
 be urg$ by any memb] ( ?is ,h\se aga9/ 
myself4 ,b ev5 ^? memb]s h be5 he>d 9 _!
 places2 ^? memb]s h be5 li/5$ to be=e !
 decision 0 tak5 aga9/ !m2 & ,i ask t   
?is ,h\se to myself %all n be less j ?an
 x has always be5 to e "o ( its memb]s  
7he>1 he>74 ,d y tell me ,i am unfit to 
sit among/ y8 7he>1 he>1 & ,ord]1 ord]47
 ,! m reason1 !n1 t ?is ,h\se %\ld %[ ! 
g5]osity :i* judges %[ to a crim9al1 &  
all[ e ^w he has to say to be he>d4 ,b  
,i /& "h1 ,sir1 z no crim9al4 ,i /& "h z
 ! *os5 ( a con/itu5cy ( ?is c\ntry1 )  
my duty to t con/itu5cy to d4 ,i /& "h1 
,sir--if x w n be consid]$ imp]t95t to  
put x s--) ! mo/ pr(\nd respect = ?is   
,h\se1 ( :i* ,i yet hope & mean to =m a 
"p1 & on ^: traditions ,i %\ld n wi% to 
ca/ "o %ad[ ( reproa*4 ,i /& "h return$ 
duly2 no petition aga9/ my return2 no   

impea*m5t ( t return4 ,i /& "h return$  
duly1 ready to fulfil e =m t ?is ,h\se  
requires1 ready to fulfil e =m t ! law  
p]mits ?is ,h\se to require1 ready to d 
e duty t ! law makes incumb5t ^u me4 ,i 
w n 9 ?is pres5ce argue :e!r ?is ,h\se  
has or has n ! "r to set its decision   
aga9/ ! law1 because ,i %\ld imag9e t   
ev5 ! ra%e/ ( ^? :o spoke aga9/ me w\ld 
h>dly be prep>$ to put 9 ! m\? ( "o :om 
!y consid] too advanc$ 9 politics an    
argum5ts s dang]\s z t might become4 ,i 
speak )9 ! limits ( ! law1 ask+ = no    
favor f ?is ,h\se = myself or = my      
con/itu5ts1 b ask+ ! m]e/ ju/ice :i* has
 always be5 accord$ to a memb] ( ! ,h\se
 7he>1 he>1 & ,ord]47 ,i h to ask       
indulg5ce le/ ! memory ( "s h>d words   
:i* h be5 spok5 9 my abs5ce %\ld seem to
 give to :at ,i say a tone ( defiance1  
:i* x is f> f my wi% %\ld be !re at all2
 & ,i am ! m eas$ because al?\gh !re 7  
words spok5 :i* ,i _h always be5 taught 
,engli% g5tlem5 nev] said 9 ! abs5ce (  
an antagoni/ )\t notice to him1 yet !re 

7 also g5]\s & brave words said = "o :o 
is at pres5t1 ,i am afraid1 a s\rce (   
tr\ble & discom=t & h9drance to bus9ess4
 ,i measure ! g5]\s words aga9/ ! o!rs1 
& ,i w only make "o appeal ?r\gh y1     
,sir1 :i* is1 t if ! reports be correct 
t ! introduction ( o!r names came ) m9e 
9 ! heat ( passion & ! w>m? ( debate1 ! 
g5tleman :o us$ ^? words1 if su* !re 71 
w rememb] t he 0 want+ 9 *ivalry1       
because1 :ile ,i c answ] = myself1 & am 
able to answ] = myself1 no?+ ju/ifi$ !  
introduction ( any o!r "n beside my own 
to make a prejudice aga9/ me 7*e]s &    
cries ( ,"q & ,ord]47 ,i fe> le/ ! /r5g?
 ( ?is ,h\se1 judicially ex]cis$ z ,i   
und]/& x to be--) infrequ5cy ( judicial 
ex]cise--t ! /r5g? ( ?is ,h\se makes x  
=get our relative positions4 ,at pres5t 
,i am plead+ at its b> = ju/ice4 ,by "r 
x is !re ,i %\ld plead4 ,! hon4 memb]   
po9t$ to ! seats4 ,x is t "r ,i claim 9 
! "n ( ^? :o s5t me "h4 ,no legal       
disqualification be=e my election1 or x 
might h be5 made ! gr\nd ( petition4 ,no

 legal disqualification s9ce my         
election--n ev5 pret5d$4 ,x is said3 ,y 
might h tak5 ! oa? z o!r memb]s did4 ,i 
c\ld n help :5 ,i read t1 ,sir1 try+ to 
put myself 9 ! place ( ea* memb] :o said
 x4 ,i imag9$ a memb] ( "s =m ( fai? :o 
f\nd 9 ! oa? words :i* seem$ to him to  
cla% ) 8 fai?1 b /ill words :i* he ?\ght
 he might utt]1 b :i* he w\ld pref] n to
 utt] if !re 7 any o!r =m :i* ! law     
provid$ him1 & ,i ask$ myself :e!r ea* (
 ^? memb]s w\ld n !n h tak5 ! =m :i* 0  
mo/ consonant ) 8 honor & 8 consci5ce4  
,if ,i h n misread1 "s hon4 memb]s seem 
to ?9k t ,i h nei!r honor nor consci5ce4
 ,is !re n "s pro( to ! contr>y 9 ! fact
 t ,i did n g ?r\gh ! =m1 believ+ t !re 
0 ano!r "r op5 to me8 7he>1 he>1 &      
,ord]47 ,is t n "s pro( t ,i h honor &  
consci5ce8 ,( ! g5tlem5 :o are n[ ab\t  
to measure !mselves aga9/ ! rights ( !  
con/itu5cies ( ,engl& ,i ask :at        
ju/ification _h !y = t measurem5t8 ,!y h
 said t ,i ?ru/ my op9ions on ! ,h\se4  
,i hold "h1 ,sir1 ! evid5ce ( ,sir      

,?omas ,ersk9e ,may1 & ,i c f9d no ^w ( 
any op9ion ( m9e ?ru/ ^u ! ,h\se at all4
 ,i h read--x may be t ! reports        
misrepres5t--t ! cry ( ,a!i/ has be5    
rais$ f t side4 ,! hon4 memb] po9t$ to !
 ,opposition side4 ,no ^w ( all m9e be=e
 ! committee put 9 any t]ms ^? !ological
 or anti-!ological op9ions 9 evid5ce    
be=e ! ,h\se4 ,i am no m a%am$ ( my own 
op9ions1 :i* ,i did n *oose1 op9ions    
into :i* ,i h gr[n1 ?an any memb] ( ?is 
,h\se is a%am$ ( 82 & mu* z ,i value !  
"r to sit "h1 & mu* z ,i believe t !    
ju/ice ( ?is ,h\se w accord x to me be=e
 ! /ruggle is f9i%$1 ,i w\ld r rel9qui% 
x = ev] ?an x %\ld be ?\ght t by any    
%ad[ ( hypocrisy ,i _h tri$ to ga9 a    
feign$ entrance "h by pret5d+ to be :at 
,i am n 7*e]s1 & cries ( ,ord]47 ,on !  
report ( ! committee z x /&s1 on !      
evid5ce be=e ! ,h\se1 :at is ! objection
 to ei!r my affirm+ or tak+ ! oa?8 ,x is
 said ,i h no legal "r to affirm4 ,i w  
suppose t to be s4 ,x is ! fir/ "t t !  
,h\se has made itself a c\rt ( law f :i*

 !re may be no appeal1 & depriv$ a      
citiz5 ( 8 con/itutional "r ( appeal to 
a c\rt ( law to make out :at ! /atute   
means 9 deal+ ) him4 ,!re is no case 9  
:i* ?is ,h\se has ov]ridd5 ev]y?+1 & put
 "o ( its memb]s :]e he _h no *ance (   
battl+ = 8 "r at all4 ,take ! oa?4 ,x is
 possible t "s ( ! lawy]s1 :o h disagre$
 among !mselves ev5 ^u t 7! ,opposition7
 side ( ! ,h\se1 may be "r1 & t ,i may  
be wrong 9 ! con/ruction ,i h put ^u !  
oa?1 b no su* objection c come4 ,!re is 
no prec$5t--!re is1 ,i submit           
respectfully1 no "r--9 ?is ,h\se to /&  
betwe5 me & ! oa? :i* ! law provides =  
me to take1 :i* ! /atute1 "u p5alty ev5 
^u memb]s ( ?is ,h\se !mselves if !y put
 me out f my j return1 gives me ! "r to 
take4 ,:at k9d ( a conflict is provok$  
"h if ?is resolution be en=c$8 ,n a     
grave conflict 9 a c\rt ( law1 :]e !    
judges exclude passion1 :]e !y only deal
 ) facts & evid5ce4 ,i d n mean t ^!    
g5tlem5 d n deal ) facts2 b1 if ,i am   
any judge ( my own life's /ory1 !re h   

be5 _m ?+s :i* ,i c h>dly reckon 9 !    
category ( facts put aga9/ myself4 ,i   
don't mean t !y are n "r1 = hon4 memb]s 
may "k m ( myself ?an ,i d myself2 b1   
judg+ myself z ,i "k myself1 "s ( !     
memb]s :o h attack$ me s glibly dur+ !  
la/ few days mu/ h be5 extraord9>ily    
mis9=m$1 or mu/ h exce$+ly misappreh5d$ 
! matt]s !y alleg$4 ,x has be5 said t ,i
 h p>ad$ & flaunt$ "s obnoxi\s op9ions4 
,i appeal to y\r ju/ice1 sir1 & to t ( !
 memb]s ( ?is ,h\se1 to say :e!r my     
mann] has n be5 z respectful z t ( man  
c\ld be--:e!r 9 ea* case ,i h n )drawn  
:5 y told me4 ,if ,i n[ come "h ) ev5 ! 
appe>ance ( self-ass]tion1 x is because 
,i w\ld n be a recreant & a c[>d to !   
con/itu5cy t s5t me to repres5t !m2 & ,i
 mean to be z memb]s h be5 9 ! be/      
hi/ory ( ?is assembly4 ,i ask ! ,h\se1 9
 deal+ ) my rights1 to rememb] h[ !y are
 act+4 ,x is p]fectly true t by a       
majority !y may decide aga9/ me n[4 ,:at
 are y to d !n8 ,are y go+ to decl>e !  
seat vacant8 ,fir/1 ,i tell y t y h n ! 

"r4 ,! mom5t ,i am !re--! hon4 memb]    
po9t$ inside ! ,h\se--,i admit ! "r ( ! 
,h\se1 ( its own good w & pleasure1 to  
expel me4 ,z yet ,i am n "u y\r         
jurisdiction4 ,z yet ,i am "u !         
protection ( ! law4 ,a return s5t me to 
?is ,h\se1 & ,i ask y1 sir1 z ! gu>dian 
( ! lib]ties ( ?is ,h\se1 to give effect
 to t return4 ,! law says y %\ld1 & t   
?is ,h\se %\ld4 ,& naturally s2 because1
 if x 7 n s1 any "t a majority ( memb]s 
might exclude anyone !y pleas$4 ,:at has
 be5 alleg$ aga9/ me8 ,politics8 ,are   
views on politics urg$ z a reason :y a  
memb] %\ld n sit "h8 ,pamphlets h be5   
read--,i won't say ) accuracy1 because  
,i w n libel any ( ! hon4 memb]s :o read
 !m2 b1 surely1 if !y are gr\nds =      
disqualification !y are gr\nds =        
indictm5t to be prov$ aga9/ me 9 a prop]
 fa%ion4 ,!re is no case 9 all ! records
 ( ?is ,h\se 9 :i* y h ransack$ :at a   
man has writt5 & said 9 8 pa/ life & !n 
*all5g$ him ) x "h4 ,my !ology8 ,x w\ld 
be imp]t95t 9 me1 aft] ! utt]ances ( m5 

s widely disagree+ f me t h be5 made on 
! side ( religi\s lib]ty dur+ ! pa/ two 
nights--x w\ld be imp]t95t 9 me to add  
"o ^w save ?is4 ,x is said t y may deal 
) me because ,i am isolat$4 ,i c\ld n   
help he>+ ! r+ ( t ^w 9 ! lobby z ,i sat
 outside la/ night4 ,b is t a reason1 t1
 because ,i /& alone ! ,h\se are to d   
aga9/ me :at !y w\ld n d if ,i _h       
#ajj1jjj m5 at my back8 7cries ( ,oh74  
,t is a bad argum5t :i* provokes a reply
 inconsi/5t ) ! dignity ( ?is ,h\se &   
:i* ,i %\ld be sorry to give4 ,i h n yet
 us$--,i hope no passion may tempt me to
 be us+--any words t w\ld seem to savor 
( ev5 a desire to ent] into conflict )  
?is ,h\se4 ,i h always taught1 prea*$1 &
 believ$ ! supremacy ( ,p>liam5t1 & x is
 n because = a mom5t ! judgm5t ( "o     
,*amb] ( ,p>liam5t %\ld be ho/ile to me 
t ,i am go+ to d5y ! ideas ,i h always  
held2 b ,i submit t "o ,*amb] (         
,p>liam5t--ev5 its gr&e/ ,*amb]1 z ,i h 
always held ?is to be--_h no "r to      
ov]ride ! law4 ,! law gives me ! "r to  

sign t roll1 to take & subscribe ! oa?1 
& to take my seat !re po9t+ to ! b5*es4 
,i admit t ! mom5t ,i am 9 ! ,h\se1 )\t 
any reason b y\r own good w1 y c s5d me 
away4 ,t is y\r "r4 ,y h full control   
ov] y\r memb]s1 b y _c s5d me away until
 ,i h be5 he>d 9 my place1 n a suppliant
 z ,i am n[1 b ) ! rightful audi5ce t   
ea* memb] has always _h4 ,!re is "o     
phase ( my appeal :i* ,i am lo? inde$ to
 make4 ,i presume y w decl>e ! seat     
vacant4 ,:at d y s5d me back to         
,nor?ampton to say8 ,i said be=e1 & ,i  
tru/ ,i may say aga91 t ?is assembly 0  
"o 9 :i* any man might well be pr\d to  
sit--pr\d] ,i t ,i h n "s ( y\r         
traditions & am n ( y\r families1 b am (
 ! p1 ! p t s5t me "h to speak = !m4 ,d 
y mean t ,i am to g back to ,nor?ampton 
z to a c\rt1 to appeal aga9/ y8 t ,i am 
to ask ! con/itu5cy to array !mselves   
aga9/ ?is ,h\se8 ,i hope n4 ,if x is to 
be1 x mu/ be4 ,if ?is ,h\se arrays      
itself aga9/ an isolat$ man--its huge   
p[] aga9/ "o citiz5--if x mu/ be1 !n !  

battle mu/ be too4 ,b x is n ) !        
con/itu5cy ( ,nor?ampton alone--hon4    
memb]s ne$ n mi/ake--t y w come into    
conflict if ?is appeal is to g =w>d1 if 
! ,h\se ( ,commons is to ov]ride !      
/atute law to get rid ( ev5 ! vile/ (   
memb]s4 ,_h y alleg$ aga9/ me ev5 m ?an 
aga9/ "o man ^: "n 0 m5tion$ 9 ?is ,h\se
 la/ night1 ,i %\ld /ill h held t !     
,h\se _c sup]s$e ! rights ( ! p4 ,b n z 
mu* is alleg$ aga9/ me z 0 alleg$ aga9/ 
t man1 9 ^: case ! ,h\se itself said t  
its conduct _h be5 subv]sive ( ! rights 
( ! p4 ,i beg y1 = y\r own sakes1 don't 
put y\rselves 9 t position4 ,i h no     
desire to wre/le ) y = ju/ice4 ,i admit 
t ,i h us$ h>d words 9 my %ort life1    
giv+ m5 ! "r 9 return to say h>d ?+s (  
me2 b is x n bett] t ,i %\ld h ! "r to  
say !m to y\r faces8 ,if !y are )9 !    
law1 let ! law deal ) me fairly &       
prop]ly2 b if !y are )\t ! law1 n       
unfairly1 z ,i submit y are do+ n[4 ,y h
 ! p[] to s5d me back1 b 9 appeal+ to   
,nor?ampton ,i mu/ appeal to a tribunal 

high] ?an y\rs--n to c\rts ( law1 = ,i  
hope ! days ( conflict betwe5 ! assembly
 :i* makes ! law & ! tribunals :i*      
adm9i/] x are pass$4 ,x mu/ be a bad day
 = ,engl& & = ,great ,brita91 if we are 
to be br\ght aga9 to ! "t :5 ! judges & 
^? :o make ! law = ! judges are 9 ra%   
/rife z to :at !y mean4 ,b !re is a c\rt
 to :i* ,i %all appeal--! c\rt ( public 
op9ion1 :i* w h to express itself4 ,y   
say x is aga9/ me4 ,possibly2 b if x be 
s1 is x aga9/ me rightly or wrongly8 ,i 
am ready to admit1 if y please1 = ! sake
 ( argum5t1 t e op9ion ,i hold is wrong 
& des]ves puni%m5t4 ,let ! law puni% x4 
,if y say ! law _c1 !n y admit t y h no 
"r1 & ,i appeal to public op9ion aga9/ !
 iniquity ( a decision :i* ov]rides !   
law & d5ies me ju/ice4 ,i beg y\r p>don1
 ,sir1 & t ( ! ,h\se too1 if 9 ?is w>m? 
!re seems to lack respect = its dignity2
 & z ,i %all h1 if y\r decision be aga9/
 me1 to come to t table :5 y\r decision 
is giv51 ,i beg y1 be=e ! /ep is tak5 9 
:i* we may bo? lose our dignity--m9e is 

n mu*1 b y\rs is t ( ! ,commons (       
,engl&--,i beg y1 be=e ! gauntlet is    
fatally ?r[n--,i beg y1 n 9 any sort (  
m5ace1 n 9 any sort ( boa/1 b z "o man  
aga9/ six hundr$1 to give me t ju/ice   
:i* on ! o!r side ( ?is hall ! judges   
w\ld give me 7 ,i plead+ !re be=e !m    
7l\d *e]s & cries ( ,ord]1 amid :i* ,mr4
 ,bradlaugh aga9 b[$ & retir$74   ,,mr4 
,,bradlaugh',s ,second ,spee* at ! ,b> (
 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1     deliv]$ ,april 
#bh?1 #ahha4  ,mr4 ,,speak]1--,i h aga9 
to ask ! indulg5ce ( ! ,h\se :ile ,i    
submit to x a few words 9 favor ( my    
claim to d t :i* ! law requires me to d4
 ,p]haps ! ,h\se w p>don me if ,i supply
 an omission1 ,i feel un9t5tionally     
made1 on ! "p ( ! hon4 memb] = ,*a?am 9 
"s words :i* h j fall5 f him4 ,i        
und]/ood him to say t he w\ld use a =mal
 /atem5t made by me to ! ,committee     
aga9/ :at ! ,*ancellor ( ! ,du*y _h said
 ,i _h said4 ,i am sure ! hon4 & le>n$  
memb] = ,*a?am1 :o has evid5tly read !  
proce$+s ( ! ,committee ) c>e1 w\ld1 if 

he _h ?\ght x fair1 h /at$ to ! ,h\se t 
! /atem5t only came f me aft] an        
objection made by me--a positive        
objection on ! gr\nd t x relat$ to      
matt]s outside ?is ,h\se1 & t ! ,h\se 9 
! c\rse ( its hi/ory _h nev] inquir$    
into su* matt]s2 b ,i c h>dly und]/& :at
 ! memb] = ,*a?am meant :5 he said t he 
contra/$ :at ,i did say ) :at !         
,*ancellor ( ! ,du*y said ,i said1 = x  
is n a matt] ( memory1 x is on !        
proce$+s ( ?is ,h\se1 t be+ exam9$      
=mally be=e ! ,committee1 ,i /at$3 ,t ! 
ess5tial "p ( ! oa? is 9 ! fulle/ & mo/ 
complete degree b9d+ ^u my honor &      
consci5ce1 & t ! repeat+ ( ! words (    
assev]ation does n 9 ! slighte/ degree  
weak5 ! b9d+ ( ! allegiance on me4 ,i   
say n[ ,i w\ld n g ?r\gh any =m--mu* z  
,i value ! "r to sit 9 ?is ,h\se1 mu* z 
,i desire & believe t ?is ,h\se w accord
 me t "r--t ,i did n mean to be b9d+ ^u 
me )\t m5tal res]vation1 )\t            
equivocation4 ,i w\ld g ?r\gh no =m     
unless x 7 fully & completely & ?or\ghly

 b9d+ ^u me z to :at x express$ or      
promis$4 ,m9e has be5 no easy position =
 ! la/ twelve mon?s4 ,i h be5 elect$ by 
! free votes ( a free con/itu5cy4 ,my   
return is unta9t$4 ,!re is no *>ge (    
brib]y 7*e]s71 no *>ge ( corruption1 nor
 ( induc+ m5 to come drunk5 to ! poll+  
boo?4 ,i come "h ) a pure unta9t$       
return--n won by accid5t4 ,= ?irte5 long
 ye>s h ,i f\ght = ?is "r--?r\gh five   
conte/$ elections1 includ+ ?is4 ,x is n[
 propos$ to prev5t me f fulfill+ ! duty 
my con/itu5ts h plac$ ^u me4 ,y h       
=ce--on my side is ! law4 ,! hon4 &     
le>n$ memb] = ,plym\? spoke ! tru? :5 he
 said he did n ask ! ,h\se to treat !   
matt] z a "q ( law1 b ! con/itu5cies ask
 me to treat x z a "q ( law4 ,i1 = !m1  
ask y to treat x z a "q ( law4 ,i c\ld  
und]/& ! feel+ t seems to h be5 manife/$
 7 ,i "s great & p[]ful p]sonage4 ,i    
c\ld und]/& x _h ,i a huge influ5ce     
beh9d me4 ,i am only "o ( ! p1 & y      
propose to tea* !m t on a m]e te*nical  
"q y w put a b>ri] 9 ! way ( my do+ my  

duty :i* y h nev] put 9 ! way ( anyone  
else4 ,! "q is1 has my return on ! #i? (
 ,april1 #ahha1 any?+ :atev] to impea*  
x8 ,!re is no legal disqualification    
involv$4 ,if !re 7 x c\ld be rais$ by   
petition4 ,! hon4 memb] = ,plym\? says !
 dignity ( ?is ,h\se is 9 "q4 ,d y mean 
t ,i c injure ! dignity ( ?is ,h\se8    
,?is ,h\se :i* has /ood unrivall$ =     
c5turies8 ,?is ,h\se supreme among !    
assemblies ( ! _w8 ,?is ,h\se1 :i*      
repres5ts ! traditions ( lib]ty8 ,i %\ld
 n h s libell$ y4 ,h[ is ! dignity ( ?is
 ,h\se to be hurt8 ,if :at happ5$ be=e !
 #i? ( ,april is less ?an a legal       
disqualification1 x is a matt] = !      
judgm5t ( ! con/itu5cy & n = y4 ,!      
con/itu5cy has judg$ me2 x has elect$   
me4 ,i /& "h ) no legal disqualification
 ^u me4 ,! "r ( ! con/itu5cy to return  
me is an unimpea*able "r4 ,i "k "s      
g5tlem5 make light ( con/itu5cies2 yet  
)\t ! con/itu5cies y are no?+4 ,x is f  
!m y d]ive y\r :ole & sole au?ority4 ,! 
hon4 & le>n$ memb] = ,plym\? treats     

lightly ! legal "q4 ,x is dang]\s to    
make light ( ! law--dang]\s because if y
 are only go+ to rely on y\r /r5g? ( =ce
 to ov]ride ! law1 y give a bad lesson  
to m5 ^: morality y impea* z to :at %\ld
 be _! duty if em]g5ce ev] came 7he>1   
he>74 ,always outside ! ,h\se ,i h      
advocat$ /r5u\s ob$i5ce to ! law1 & x is
 "u t law t ,i claim my "r4 ,x is said  
by ! "r hon4 b>onet :o int]poses betwe5 
me & my duty t ?is ,h\se has pass$ "s   
resolution4 ,fir/1 ,i submit t t        
resolution does n affect ! return ( !   
#i? ,april4 ,! conditions are entirely  
diff]5t1 !re is no?+ s9ce ! date ( t    
return4 ,i submit next t if x did affect
 x ! resolution 0 illegal f ! beg9n+4 ,9
 ! words ( ,george ,gr5ville1 spok5 9   
?is ,h\se 9 #agfi1 ,i say if y\r        
resolution goes 9 ! tee? ( ! law--if    
aga9/ ! /atute--y\r resolution is null &
 void4 ,no ^w h ,i utt]$ outside ^!     
walls :i* has be5 lack+ 9 respect to !  
,h\se4 ,i believe ! ,h\se w d me ju/ice1
 & ,i ask x to look at :at x is ,i      

claim4 ,i claim to d t :i* ! law says ,i
 mu/4 ,frankly1 ,i w\ld r h affirm$4 ,:5
 ,i came to ! table ( ! ,h\se ,i deem$ t
 ,i _h a legal "r to d x4 ,! c\rts h    
decid$ aga9/ me1 & ,i am b\nd by _!     
decision4 ,i h ! legal "r to d :at ,i   
propose to d4 ,no resolution ( y\rs c   
take away t legal "r4 ,y may act        
illegally & h9d] me1 & un=tunately ,i h 
no appeal aga9/ y4 ,un=tunately p]haps  
,i %\ld n say4 ,p]haps x is bett] t !   
,*amb] :i* makes ! law %\ld nev] be 9   
conflict ) ! c\rts :i* adm9i/] ! laws t 
! ,*amb] makes4 ,i ?9k ! ^w un=tunately 
0 n ! ^w ,i ought to h us$ 9 ?is        
argum5t4 ,b ! =ce t y invoke aga9/ ! law
 to-day may to-morr[ be us$ aga9/ y1 & !
 use w be ju/ifi$ by y\r example4 ,x is 
a fact t ,i h no rem$y if y rely on y\r 
=ce4 ,i c only be driv5 into a conte/1  
we>y+ ev5 to a /rong man well support$1 
ru9\s & kill+ to "o man /&+ by          
himself--a conte/ 9 :i* if ,i succe$ x w
 be injuri\s to y z well z to me4       
,injuri\s to me because ,i c only w9 by 

less5+ y\r repute :i* ,i desire to      
ma9ta94 ,! only c\rt ,i h ! p[] (       
appeal+ to is ! c\rt ( public op9ion1   
:i* ,i h no d\bt 9 ! end w d me ju/ice4 
,! hon4 memb] = ,plym\? said ,i _h !    
manl9ess on a =m] occasion to make an   
av[al ( op9ions to ?is ,h\se4 ,i did    
no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,i h nev]1 directly or    
indirectly1 said "o ^w ab\t my op9ions1 
& ?is ,h\se has no "r to inquire :at    
op9ions ,i may hold outside its walls1 !
 only "r is t :i* ! /atute gives y2 my  
op9ions !re is no "r to inquire into4 ,i
 %elt] myself "u ! laws ( my c\ntry4    
,?is is a political assembly1 met to    
decide on ! policy ( ! nation1 & n on ! 
religi\s op9ions ( ! citiz5s 7*e]s74    
,:ile ,i _h ! honor ( occupy+ a seat 9 !
 ,h\se :5 que/ions 7 rais$ :i* t\*$ ^u  
religi\s matt]s1 ,i ab/a9$ f utt]+ "o   
^w4 ,i did n desire to say "o ^w :i*    
might hurt ! feel+s ( ev5 ! mo/ t5d]    
7he>74 ,b x is said1 :y n h tak5 ! oa?  
quietly8 ,i did n take x !n because ,i  
?\ght ,i _h ! "r to d some?+ else1 & ,i 

h paid ! p5alty4 ,i h be5 plung$ 9      
litigation fo/]$ by m5 :o _h n ! c\rage 
to put !mselves =w>d 7l\d *e]s bel[ !   
gangway74 ,i1 a p5niless man1 %\ld h be5
 ru9$ if x _h n be5 t ! m5 9 work%op1   
pit1 & factory _h enabl$ me to fight ?is
 battle 7int]ruption74 ,i am sorry t    
hon4 memb]s _c h pati5ce ) "o plead+ z  
,i plead "h4 ,x is no light /ake1 ev5 if
 y put x on ! l[e/ p]sonal gr\nds1 to   
risk ! ambition ( a life on su* an      
issue4 ,x is a "r ambition to desire to 
take "p 9 ! c\ncils ( ! nation1 if y br+
 no /ore ( wisdom ) y1 & c only le>n f !
 great intellects t we h 7he>1 he>74    
,:at w y inquire into8 ,! "r hon4 b>onet
 w\ld inquire into my op9ions4 ,w y     
inquire into my conduct1 or is x only my
 op9ions y w try "h8 ,! hon4 memb] =    
,plym\? frankly puts x op9ions4 ,if     
op9ions1 :y n conduct8 ,:y n exam9e into
 memb]s' conduct :5 !y come to ! table1 
& see if !re be no memb]s 9 ^: way y c  
put a b>ri]8 7,he>1 he>47 ,are memb]s1  
^: conduct may be obnoxi\s1 to vote my  

exclusion because to !m my op9ions are  
obnoxi\s8 ,z to any obnoxi\s views      
suppos$ to be held by me1 !re is no duty
 impos$ ^u me to say a ^w4 ,! "r hon4   
b>onet has said !re has be5 no ^w (     
recantation4 ,y h no "r to ask me = any 
recantation4 ,s9ce ! #i? ,april y h no  
"r to ask me = any?+4 ,if y h a legal   
disqualification1 petition1 lay x be=e !
 ,judges4 ,:5 y ask me to make a        
/atem5t1 y are guilty ( imp]t95ce to me1
 ( treason to ! traditions ( ?is ,h\se1 
& ( impea*m5t ( ! lib]ties ( ! p4 ,my   
difficulty is t ^? :o h made ! mo/ bitt]
 attacks ^u me only made !m :5 ,i 0 n "h
 to deal ) !m4 ,"o hon4 & gallant memb] 
rec5tly told 8 con/itu5ts t ?is w\ld be 
made a p>ty "q1 b t ! ,cons]vative      
memb]s _h n ! c\rage to speak out aga9/ 
me4 ,i %\ld h ?\ght1 f read+ ,hans>d1 n 
t !y want$ c\rage1 b t !y _h cultivat$ a
 retic5ce t 0 m j4 ,i wi% to say a ^w or
 two on ! attempt :i* has be5 made to   
put on ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! day complicity 9 
my views4 ,! ,lib]al p>ty has nev] aid$ 

me 9 any way to ?is ,h\se4 7,oh1 f !    
,opposition47 ,nev]4 ,i h f\ght by      
myself4 ,i h f\ght by my own h&4 ,i h   
be5 h9d]$ 9 e way t x 0 possible to h9d]
 me1 & x is only by ! help ( ! p1 by !  
p5ce ( toil]s 9 m9e & factory1 t ,i am  
"h to-day1 aft] ^! five /ruggles "r     
?r\gh ?irte5 ye>s4 ,i h won my way ) !m1
 = ,i h won _! he>ts1 & n[ ,i come to y4
 ,w y s5d me back f "h8 ,!n h[8 ,y h !  
"r1 b x is ! "r ( =ce1 & n ( law4 ,:5 ,i
 am once seat$ on ^! b5*es1 !n ,i am "u 
y\r jurisdiction4 ,at pres5t ,i am "u ! 
protection ( ! writ f ^? :o s5t me "h4  
,i d n want to quote :at has happ5$     
be=e1 b if !re be "o lesson :i* ! ,h\se 
has record$ m solemnly ?an ano!r1 x is t
 !re %\ld be no int]f]5ce ) ! judgm5t ( 
a con/itu5cy 9 s5d+ a man to ?is ,h\se  
aga9/ :om !re is no /atutory            
disqualification4 ,let me appeal to !   
g5]osity ( ! ,h\se z well z to its      
/r5g?4 ,x has traditions ( lib]ty on bo?
 sides4 ,i d n compla9 t memb]s on t 7! 
,cons]vative7 side try to keep me out4  

,!y act accord+ to _! lights1 & ?9k my  
poor s]vices may be injuri\s to !m4     
7,cries ( ,no47 ,!n :y n let me 98      
7,*e]s47 ,x mu/ be ei!r a political or a
 religi\s "q4 ,i mu/ apologise to !     
,h\se = trespass+ ^u its pati5ce4 ,i    
apologise because ,i "k h[ g5]\s 9 its  
li/5+ x has be5 f ! "t ( my fir/ spee* 9
 x till n[4 ,b ,i ask y n[1 d n plunge )
 me into a /ruggle ,i w\ld %un4 ,! law  
gives me no rem$y if ! ,h\se decides    
aga9/ me4 ,d n mock at ! con/itu5cies4  
,if y place y\rselves above ! law1 y    
leave me no c\rse save lawless agitation
 in/ead ( reasonable plead+4 ,x is easy 
to beg9 su* a /rife1 b none kn[s h[ x   
w\ld end4 ,i h no c\rt1 no tribunal to  
appeal to2 y h ! /r5g? ( y\r votes at ! 
mom5t4 ,y ?9k ,i am an obnoxi\s man1 & t
 ,i h no "o on my side4 ,if t be s1 !n !
 m reason t ?is ,h\se1 gr& 9 ! /r5g? (  
its c5turies ( lib]ty1 %\ld h n[ t      
g5]osity 9 deal+ ) "o :o to-morr[ may be
 =c$ into a /ruggle = public op9ion     
aga9/ x 7*e]s74   ,,mr4 ,,bradlaugh',s  

,?ird ,spee* at ! ,b> ( ! ,h\se (       
,commons1     deliv]$ ,febru>y #g?1     
#ahhb4  ,,sir1--,9 address+ ! ,h\se = ! 
?ird "t f ?is position1 ,i feel ! exce$+
 difficulty ( deal+ fairly ) myself )\t 
deal+ unfairly ) ! ,h\se4 ,if ,i 7 to   
foll[ ! hon4 memb] :o has j sat d[n into
 8 errors ( law1 ( hi/ory1 & ( memory1  
into 8 reckless misconceptions z to :at 
are ! views ,i hold & write ab\t1 ,i    
%\ld only be giv+ pa9 to numb]s ( memb]s
 "h1 & dep>t+ f t m&ate ) :i* my        
con/itu5ts h tru/$ me4 ,x is--,i say x )
 all respect--n true t ,i done any?+ m )
 ref]5ce to ! succession ?an ma9ta9 ! "r
 ( ,p>liam5t1 mean+ by ,p>liam5t bo?    
,h\ses1 to control x2 & any memb] :o    
pret5ds t ,i done any?+ else1 ei!r does 
x1 n hav+ read :at ,i h writt51 or he>d 
:at ,i h said1 or hav+ =gott5 entirely  
:at ,i h writt5 or said1 & be+ extremely
 c>eless 9 repres5t+ my views to !      
,h\se4 ,i regret t ! hon4 memb] %\ld h  
import$ into ! discussion "s fact       
suppos$ to h occurr$ 9 a police-c\rt    

s9ce ,i /ood "h be=e4 ,i c only give !  
,h\se my positive assurance t ! hon4    
memb] is p]fectly inaccurate 9 8        
repres5tation ( :at took place4 ,x is   
exce$+ly pa9ful to b&y words 9 ?is way4 
,! hon4 memb] 0 good en\gh to say he did
 n he>--he c\ld n well h he>d1 = !      
magi/rate did n refuse my affirmation at
 all4 ,i happ5$ to h be5 be=e ,sir ,j4  
,+ham be=e1 & he knew me1 & knew !      
p>ticul> =m ( affirmation1 & :5 ! cl]k  
read x to me no discussion took place on
 ! subject4 ,i hope ! ,h\se w =give me =
 contradict+ su* a small ?+1 b small ?+s
 are sometimes mu* us$4 ,!y h be5 us$ to
 "w my ru9 s9ce ,i /ood "h be=e1 & ,i   
regret t ! %ame ( retic5ce did n at lea/
 keep x f ?is ,h\se1 t ! hon4 memb]     
?\ght x 8 duty1 by a common in=m]1 to   
attempt to drive me into ! ,bankruptcy  
,c\rt1 & outside ?is ,h\se has boa/$ t !
 "q w\ld be solv$ 9 t way4 ,x may be a  
brave boa/1 x may be consonant ) piety f
 ! hon4 memb]'s po9t ( view1 b ,i       
believe t e o!r g5tleman's s5se ( piety 

w\ld revolt aga9/ ! notion ( driv+ a    
s+le man into bankruptcy1 & !n canvass+ 
= subscriptions--7he>1 he>7--= ! bold & 
vigor\s1 & patriotic & noble conduct1 z 
! adv]tisem5t said1 :i* consi/$ 9 hurry+
 9 a cab to f9d ! common in=m] to issue 
a writ aga9/ me4 ,i dismiss t1 h[ev]4 ,i
 ask ! ,h\se to p>don me = hav+ wa/$ its
 "t on ?is poor ?+4 ,i d n hope1 ,i d>e 
n ?9k1 t any ^w ,i may say "h w w9 "o   
vote2 & ,i w\ld h let ?is g sil5tly     
aga9/ me1 7 x n t ,i owe a duty to !    
con/itu5cy t has twice entru/$ me ) its 
suffrages1 a duty to e con/itu5cy "r    
?r\gh ! l& 9 "t to come--7he>1 he>7--^: 
repres5tative may be *all5g$ z          
,nor?ampton's has be54 7,he>1 he>1 &    
,no47 ,"s g5tlem5 say ,no1 b :]e is !   
*all5ge to /op8 7,he>47 ,x is n simply  
!ology1 x is politics too 7he>1 he>74 ,x
 is n simply !ology t is br\ght be=e !  
,h\se1 b ! wild imag9+s ( "s memb] :o1 )
 ! nightm>e ( panic ^u him1 & a wild    
imag9+ ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution clo!d 9    
t]rors ( :i* ,i "k no?+1 comes "h to    

tell y ( mighty ,russia successful1 & ( 
! un=tunate ,unit$ ,/ates ) its         
,presid5ts assass9at$ because ( religi\s
 & political op9ions4 ,panic ( t k9d is 
n evid5ce z to my op9ions4 ,if ?is ,h\se
 int5ds to try me = my op9ions1 let x d 
x reasonably1 & at lea/ h ! evid5ce be=e
 x4 ,i w\ld %[ y h[ unfair x is to tru/ 
to memory ( words4 ,! hon4 memb] 0 good 
en\gh to tell ! ,h\se t ,i _h decl>$ to 
a ,committee ( ! ,h\se t c]ta9 words 7  
mean+less4 ,i hold 9 my h& ! report ( ! 
,committee & ! m9utes ( evid5ce1 & no   
su* words exi/ 9 any decl>ation ( m9e4  
7,he>1 he>4 ,mr4 ,newdegate %ook 8      
head47 ,! hon4 memb] does n believe me4 
,i _c make m ?an facts4 ,i _c make !    
compreh5sion :i* %\ld di/+ui% :5        
prejudice has det]m9$ t no?+ %all be "r 
t is put4 ,! only way 9 :i* x c be      
pret5d$ t any?+ ( ! k9d 9 ref]5ce to !  
oa? c be br\ght 9 is by tak+ my lett] ( 
! #bj? ( ,may1 writt5 outside ! ,h\se1  
:i* does n conta9 a specific decl>ation 
! hon4 memb] has put into x1 :i* lett]  

,i prote/$ ought n to be br\ght be=e !  
,committee at all1 :i* ,i nev] volunte]$
 to ! ,committee--7,opposition          
laught]7--:i* ,i object$ to ! ,committee
 hav+ be=e !m4 7,oh1 & laught] f !      
,opposition47 ,! g5tlem5 :o laugh1 laugh
 because ! laugh is ! only answ] t c\ld 
be giv54 ,no reason c be giv5 9 reply1  
no facts c be quot$2 & ,i ask hon4      
memb]s :o laugh to rememb] t ,i am      
plead+ z ?\gh a quasi-crim9al at ?is b>1
 & t ,i h a "r to an audi5ce f !m1 & ,i 
appeal to ! ,h\se at lea/ to give me a  
sil5t he>+4 ,judges d t4 ,if y are unfit
 to be judges1 !n d n judge 7he>1 he>74 
,x %[s1 at lea/1 ! difficulty ( deal+ ) 
a "q l ?is1 :5 ^? :o are to judge h come
 to a judgm5t already1 n ^u any facts1 b
 ^u :at !y ?9k ought to be ! facts4 ,i  
ask ! ,h\se to deal legally & fairly )  
me4 ,legally y are b\nd to deal2 fairly1
 z an assembly ( ,engli% g5tlem51 y     
ought to deal ) me1 ev5 if y h diff]5ces
 ) me1 ev5 if y ?9k my op9ions s        
obnoxi\s1 ev5 if y ?9k t ! politics )   

:i* y id5tify me 9 y\r m9ds are dang]\s 
to y 7oh1 oh74 ,if ,i am n dang]\s1 :y n
 let me speak !re8 7po9t+ to ! seat he  
occupi$ la/ ,session47 ,if !re is no    
dang]1 :y /ra9 ! law8 ,if !re is no     
dang]1 :y disobey ! law8 ,x is put by ! 
hon4 g5tleman :o spoke la/ t !re are    
c]ta9 words ( ! oa? :i* ! c\rts ( law h 
decl>$ ess5tial1 ,! c\rts ( law h decl>$
 ! exact opposite4 ,s f> z a decision   
has be5 giv51 ! v report ( ! ,committee 
%[s t ! highe/ c\rt ( judicature 9 ?is  
realm has decid$ ! words are n ess5tial 
to ! oa? at all4 ,i ask ! ,h\se to deal 
) me ) "s semblance & %[ ( legality &   
fairness1 & fir/ ,i say t !y ought n to 
g beh9d my election ( ! #i? ( ,april1   
#ahha1 & t ! ,h\se ought to reject !    
resolution mov$ by ! "r hon4 g5tleman1  
because x deals ) matt]s :i* ant$ate my 
election1 & because ! ,h\se has no?+ to 
d ) me be=e ! #i? ( ,april1 #ahha4 ,t is
 ! return ( :i* ! ,cl]k at ! table has !
 c]tificate4 ,t is my only au?ority =   
be+ "h4 ,if ,i did aught be=e t r5d]$ me

 unwor?y to sit "h1 :y did ! ,h\se let  
me sit "h f ! #bnd ( ,july to ! #bi? (  
,m>*8 ,if :at ,i did entitles ! ,h\se n 
to receive me1 :y has n ! ,h\se _h !    
c\rage ( its op9ions & vacat$ ! seat8   
,ei!r ! seat is m9e 9 law1 & 9 law ,i   
claim x f y1 or ,i am unwor?y to hold x1
 & !n :y n vacate ! seat & let !        
con/itu5cy express its op9ion aga98 ,b  
my return is unimpea*$1 x is            
unimpea*able1 & !re has be5 no petition 
aga9/ me4 ,! hon4 memb] :o w5t into back
 alleys = common in=m]s c\ld n f9d a    
petition] to pres5t a petition aga9/ x4 
,if ,i speak ) temp]--7,opposition      
laught]7--! ,h\se1 ,i tru/1 w p>don me4 
,i h read )9 ! la/ few days words spok51
 n by memb]s ( no consequ5ce1 b by      
memb]s occupy+ high position 9 ?is      
,h\se1 :i* make me wond] if ?is is !    
,h\se ( ,commons to :i* ,i aspir$ s mu*4
 ,i h read t "o "r hon4 memb]1 ! memb] =
 ,:itehav5--7laught] f ! ,m9i/]ial      
side7--0 prompt$ to say to 8 con/itu5ts 
t ,i 0 kick$ d[n /airs la/ ,session1 & t

 he hop$ ,i %\ld be aga94 ,if x 7 true t
 ,i 0 kick$ d[n/airs ,i w\ld ask memb]s 
( ! ,h\se ( ,commons on :om ! %ame1 on  
:om ! disgrace1 on :om ! /igma8 ,i d>e n
 apply ?is1 b hi/ory w :5 ,i h m\ld]$1 &
 y too1 & our passions are q gone4 ,b x 
is n q true t ,i 0 kick$ d[n/airs1 & x  
is a dang]\s ?+ to say t ,i 01 = x means
 t hon4 memb]s :o %\ld rely on law rely 
on =ce4 ,x is a dang]\s provocation to  
conflict to ?r[ to ! p4 ,if ,i _h be5 z 
wick$ 9 my ?\ght z "s memb]s are report$
 to h be5 9 _! spee*1 ?is qu>rel1 n ( my
 provok+1 w\ld assume a future to make u
 all a%am$4 ,i beg ?is ,h\se to believe1
 & ,i tru/1 ,sir1 t y at lea/ w believe 
me1 t ,i h tri$ z mu* z man might to    
keep ! dignity ( ?is ,h\se4 ,i submitt$ 
la/ ,session1 & ! ,session be=e1 to h _h
 ?+s said aga9/ me )\t "o ^w ( reply1   
because hav+ _h y\r good c\nsel1 ,i felt
 x might provoke discussion ^u matt]s   
:i* ?is ,h\se w\ld will+ly n h spee* ^u1
 & t ,i _h f> bett] re/ "u "s slight    
/igma ?an occupy ! ,h\se ) my           

p]sonality4 ,i appeal to ! recollection 
( e memb] ( ! ,h\se :e!r f ! mom5t ( my 
ent]+ into x ,i did n utt]ly disreg>d   
ev]y?+ t took place prior to my com+    
into x1 & direct myself to ! bus9ess =  
:i* my con/itu5ts s5t me "h4 ,! mo/     
extraord9>y /atem5ts are made z to my   
views1 /atem5ts z inaccurate z ^? :i* h 
fall51 no d\bt unconsci\sly1 f ! hon4   
memb] :o has la/ address$ ! ,h\se4 ,"o  
noble "l 9 a great ,london ga!r+ convok$
 aga9/ me1 a ga!r+ :i* 0 n z successful 
z "s t h tak5 place 9 my favor1 d5\nc$  
me z a ,sociali/4 ,i d n happ5 to be "o4
 ,i happ5 to ?9k t ,sociali/s are ! mo/ 
unwise & illogical p y c happ5 to meet4 
,b ! noble "l knew t ,i ought to be     
some?+ 7laught]74 ,i am a r$ rag to a   
wild ,cons]vative bull1 & x mu/ ru% at  
me & call me ,sociali/4 ,i ask ?is ,h\se
 to be m fair & j4 ,if ,i am to be tri$1
 at lea/ let me be tri$ = ! op9ions ,i  
hold & ! views ,i express4 ,:y1 !re are 
memb]s :o h soil$ _! tongues ) words    
ab\t social relations & m>riage = :i* ,i

 h no prop] reply 9 ?is ,h\se1 z        
un=tunately ! =ms ( ! ,h\se d n p]mit me
 to use ! only fitt+ answ]1 & p]haps x  
is z well4 ,b ,i ask ! ,h\se1 ,d n let  
?is be ! k9d ( weapon ) :i* a return is 
met4 ,deal ) me z ! law directs1 & 9 no 
o!r way4 ,x is said ,y h br\ght ?is ^u  
y\rself 7he>1 he>74 ,"o b>onet :o has   
spok5 ( me ) a k9dness m ?an ,i des]ve1 
9 ! v bor\gh :i* ,i repres5t said ,i _h 
br\ght x ^u myself1 because :5 ,i       
orig9ally came to ! ,h\se ,i flaunt$ &  
mo/ o/5tati\sly put my op9ion ^u ! ,h\se
 7he>1 he>74 ,well1 n "o ^w ( t is true4
 ,n a %ad[ ( x is true4 ,i hold 9 my h& 
! sworn evid5ce ( ,sir ,ersk9e ,may4 ,i 
d n ask g5tlem5 to take my ^w1 = x is   
cle> !y w n1 b t ( _! own (fic]4 ,& :5 !
 "r hon4 b>onet said ,i claim$ "u !     
/atute1 & drew an inf]5ce f x1 he kn[s t
 my claim conta9$ no su* words until !  
cl]k at ! table ( ! ,h\se *all5g$ me z  
to ! law "u :i* ,i claim$4 ,i d n qu>rel
 ) him1 b ,i submit t ! ,cl]k ( ! ,h\se 
_h no "r to put t "q to me4 ,i submit t 

! ,h\se _h no?+ :atev] to d ) x--t x    
c]ta9ly is no o/5tati\s flaunt+ by me4  
,i submit1 t at any rate1 t x is prior  
to ! #i? ( ,april1 #ahha1 & ! ,h\se _h  
no "r to revive x aga9/ me4 ,i ask !    
,h\se to try & deal ) me ) "s %[ (      
fairness4 ,!y w f9d :5 ,i 0 be=e !      
,committee1 in/ead ( obtrud+ my op9ions1
 ,i said ,i _h nev] directly or         
indirectly obtrud$ ^u ! ,h\se any ( my  
utt]ances or publications ^u any subject
 :atev]1 & :5 press$ by "o ( ! memb]s   
sitt+ on t 7! ,opposition7 side ( !     
,h\se z to c]ta9 op9ions ,i 0 suppos$ to
 hold1 by ask+ me p>ticul> words ,i 0   
suppos$ to h us$ 9 a judicial proce$+1  
,i said t if ! ,committee wi%$ ,i w\ld  
answ]1 b t ,i object$ to answ]1 because 
,i _h c>efully refra9$ f say+ any ^w :i*
 w\ld br+ my op9ions be=e ! ,h\se4 ,i   
ask1 !re=e1 ! ,h\se :e!r x is n         
mon/r\sly unfair to say t ,i h obtrud$  
any op9ions "h :5 ,i h expressly1       
c>efully1 & ?or\ghly kept !m f ! ,h\se8 
,b x is said by ! "r hon4 b>onet t x    

w\ld be a pr(anation to all[ me to take 
! oa?1 & t ! ,h\se w\ld be no p>ty to   
su* a pr(anation 7,opposition *e]s74    
,does ! ,h\se mean t x is a p>ty to ea* 
oa? tak58 7he>47 ,!re 0 a "t :5 mo/     
cle>ly x 0 n s a p>ty4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ! 
oa? 0 n ev5 tak5 9 ! pres5ce ( memb]s at
 all4 ,b does ! ,h\se mean x is a p>ty  
n[8 ,0 x a p>ty ! ,session be=e la/8 ,0 
x a p>ty :5 ,mr4 ,hall walk$ up to t    
table1 *e]$ by memb]s on ! o!r side :o  
knew 8 seat 0 won by delib]ate brib]y8  
7l\d ,opposition cries ( ,ord]47 ,brib]y
 s\ght to be conceal$ by ! mo/ corrupt  
p]jury4 ,did ! ,h\se jo9 9 x8 7r5ew$    
cries ( ,ord]47 ,if ! ,h\se did n jo9 9 
x1 :y did y *e] s t ! words ( ! oa? 7   
dr[n$8 ,b 0 ! ,h\se a p>ty :5 ,john     
,/u>t ,mill sat 9 ?is ,h\se8 7he>1 no47 
,a memb] :o is1 ,i ?9k1 n[ )9 ! walls ( 
! ,h\se--! hon4 memb] = ,gre5wi*--9     
address+ 8 con/itu5ts1 said t ,mr4      
,bradlaugh's op9ions 7 h>dly m          
objectionable ?an ^? ( "s o!r memb]s ( !
 ,h\se4 ,if ! hon4 memb] knew t1 !n he 0

 a p>ty to ! pr(anation ( ! oa?3 b      
p]haps !y 7 on 8 own side1 & he did n   
feel ! pr(anation s acutely 7he>1 he>1 &
 laught]74 ,b x is said1 ,our real      
objection is t y h decl>$ t ! oa? is n  
b9d+ ^u y 7he>1 he>1 f ,mr4 ,ald]man    
,f[l]74 ,t is exactly ! opposite ( :at  
,i did decl>e4 ,! hon4 memb] ^: voice ,i
 he> n[1 ,i un=tunately he>d on ! #crd (
 ,augu/2 & he>d s t ,i %all nev] =get x4
 7,mr4 ,bradlaugh "h look$ t[>ds        
,ald]man ,f[l] & paus$47 ,! hon4 memb]  
admits t is ! po9t--t ,i h decl>$ ! oa? 
is n b9d+ ^u my consci5ce2 b1           
un=tunately1 all ! pr9t goes ! o!r way4 
,i am ask$ by ! ,committee :o sat z to  
:e!r ! oa? is b9d+1 & on page #ae ,i    
reply3 ,any =m t ,i w5t ?r\gh1 any oa? t
 ,i took1 ,i %all reg>d z b9d+ ^u my    
consci5ce 9 ! fulle/ degree1 & ,i w\ld g
 ?r\gh no =m & take no oa? unless ,i    
meant x to be s b9d+4 ,aga91 ,i am ask$ 
z to ! ^w swe>4 ,i say3 ,i consid] :5 ,i
 take an oa? x is b9d+ ^u my honor & ^u 
my consci5ce2 & ) ref]5ce to ! words (  

assev]ation to :i* ! hon4 memb] = ,nor? 
,w>wick%ire ref]r$1 he w\ld at lea/ h   
be5 m g5]\s t[>ds myself1 if g5]osity be
 possible ) him1 if he _h said3 ,i      
desire to add--& ,i d ?is mo/ solemnly &
 unres]v$ly--t ! tak+1 & subscrib+1 &   
repeat+ ^! words ( assev]ation w 9 no   
degree weak5 ! b9d+ effect ( ! oa? ^u my
 consci5ce4 ,i say "h1 ,sir1 be=e y1 )  
all ! solemnity man c comm&1 t ,i "k !  
words ( ! oa? ! /atute requires me to   
take1 t ,i am ready to take t oa?       
accord+ to law1 & t ,i w n take an oa?  
)\t int5d+ x to be b9d+ ^u me1 & t if ,i
 d take ! oa? x w be b9d+ ^u my honor & 
consci5ce4 7,cons]vative cries ( ,oh6   
oh67 ,memb]s ( ! ,h\se :o are ignorant (
 :at is honor & consci5ce----7,l\d cries
 ( ,ord]1 ,oh1 oh1 & ,)draw1 f !        
,opposition47 ,if memb]s w all[ me to   
f9i% my s5t5ce----7,cries ( ,)draw47    
,memb]s ( ?is ,h\se :o are ignorant (   
:at is----7,r5ew$ cries f ! ,opposition 
( ,)draw47 ,^! 7,mr4 ,bradlaugh po9t+ to
 ! ,opposition b5*es7 are my judges4    

,memb]s ( ?is ,h\se :o are ignorant (   
:at is ! honor & consci5ce ( ! man :o   
/&s be=e !m--7,oh1 & laught] f !        
,opposition7--h a "r to %\t ,)draw2 b !y
 mu/ bew>e le/ a great] voice           
outside--7,oh1 oh1 & laught] f !        
,opposition7--at ! ballot-box1 :]e x has
 a "r to express x1 may n only say      
)draw1 b make )draw all ^? :o infr+e !  
con/itutional rights ( ! nation1 z !y   
seek to infr+e !m n[4 ,if ,i knew any   
k9d ( ^w :i* might conv9ce memb]s :om ,i
 desire to conv9ce t ,i w\ld take no    
pl$ge t ,i did n mean to be b9d+1 ,i    
w\ld use t =m ( words4 ,b ,i h f\nd     
myself s h>%ly judg$1 s unfairly dealt  
)1 t "o feels a difficulty 9 und]/&+    
:e!r any =m ( words1 h[ev] (t5 repeat$1 
w\ld convey any k9d ( conviction to "s  
m9ds4 ,i presume t ?is ,h\se w repeat   
its vote ( ,april #bf?4 ,:at !n8 ,w x h 
! c\rage ( its op9ions1 & vacate my     
seat8 7,he>1 he>47 ,if x does n1 ?is    
,h\se leaves me 9 an unfair position    
be=e ! law4 ,i am b\nd to come to ?is   

table1 & w come to ?is table1 z long z !
 m&ate ( my con/itu5ts s5ds me "h1      
unless ! ,h\se vacates ! seat4 ,if my   
seat be vacat$1 x is my duty to b[ to ! 
,h\se1 & appeal to my con/itu5ts aga92 &
 !n ! v]dict re/s ) !m4 ,b to take away 
"p ( ! "r1 & deal ) x 9 ?is fa%ion1     
leav+ me ) ! full legal responsibility &
 no k9d ( legal au?ority1 ,i submit is n
 g5]\s4 ,well1 w ?is ,h\se repeat its   
vote ( #i? ,may8 ,w x sub/itute =ce =   
law8 ,at pres5t ! law is on my side     
7,no1 no1 & he>1 he>74 ,if n1 let me sit
 & sue me 7he>1 he>74 ,if n1 try by     
petition4 ,if n1 br+ an action4 ,b %\t+ 
,no won't decide ! law1 ev5 ) ! unit$   
wisdom ( ! memb]s ( ?is ,h\se :o %\t x4 
,i "k t no man is a good advocate = a   
great pr9ciple unless he himself be     
wor?y ( ! pr9ciple he advocates1 & ,i h 
felt acutely ! judgm5t prop]ly pass$ ^u 
me by _m memb]s ( ?is ,h\se1 :o1 kn[+ _!
 sup]iority to me1 say h[ unwor?y ,i am 
t ?is "q %\ld be f\ght 9 my p]son4 ,i   
admit ,i am unwor?y1 b x is n my fault t

 ,i h ?is fight to make4 ,i rem9d y ( ! 
words ( "o ( ! greate/ /atesm5 :o sat 9 
?is ,h\se m ?an a hundr$ ye>s ago1 t    
:5ev] an infr+em5t ( ! con/itutional "r 
0 attempt$1 x 0 always attempt$ 9 !     
p]son ( "s obnoxi\s man 7he>1 he>74 ,i  
ask ! ,h\se = a mom5t to c>ry its m9d to
 ! #crd ( ,augu/ la/4 ,i d t because    
ei!r ,i d n und]/& :at took place !n1 or
 my memory has fail$ me1 z ! memory (   
o!r hon4 memb]s sometimes does1 or ?+s  
happ5$ )\t my consci\sness4 ,i ?\ght ,i 
_h /ood aside until ,p>liam5t _h dealt )
 ! press+ bus9ess ( ! nation4 ,i ?\ght t
 _h be5 recognis$ by ?is ,h\se4 ,i ?\ght
 ,i only came say+ at ! v door ( ! ,h\se
 t ,i 0 ready to obey its lawful ord]s1 
& ,i ?\ght ,i 0 !n seiz$ by =ce :ile    
say+ x4 ,my memory may n s]ve me well on
 t1 b ,i ?9k x does4 ,!re 7 pl5ty (     
witnesses to ! sc5e4 ,i saw "o hon4     
memb] climb on to a p$e/al to see h[    
f\rte5 m5 c\ld /ruggle ) "o4 ,x 0 h>dly 
g5]\s1 h>dly brave1 h>dly wor?y ( !     
great ,h\se ( ,commons1 t ^? s5d+ out to

 ! :ole _w lessons ( fre$om1 lib]ty1 &  
law1 %\ld s infr+e & s /amp !m "u foot4 
,i _h no rem$y 9 any c\rt1 or ,i w\ld h 
tak5 x4 ,) all respect to y1 ,sir1 & !  
(fic]s ( ?is ,h\se1 if !re _h be5 any   
possibility ( try+ at law aga9/ ! mighty
 privilege ( ?is ,h\se1 ,i w\ld h       
appeal$ to t possibility4 ,let me n[1   
be=e ,i f9i%1 ask ! e> ( ! ,h\se = "o   
mom5t4 ,x is said x is ! oa? & n ! man2 
b o!rs1 m frank1 say x is ! man & n !   
oa?4 ,is x ! oa? & n ! man8 ,i am ready 
to /& aside1 say = f\r or five weeks1   
)\t com+ to t table1 if ! ,h\se )9 t "t1
 or )9 su* "t z its great ne$s might    
dem&1 w\ld discuss :e!r an ,affirmation 
,bill %\ld pass or n4 ,i want to obey ! 
law1 & ,i tell y h[ ,i might meet !     
,h\se /ill fur!r1 if ! ,h\se w p>don me 
= seem+ to advise x4 ,hon4 memb]s h said
 t w\ld be a ,bradlaugh ,relief ,bill   
7he>1 he>74 ,bradlaugh is m pr\d ?an y  
are 7he>1 he>74 ,let ! ,bill pass )\t   
apply+ to elections t h tak5 place      
previ\sly1 & ,i w und]take n to claim my

 seat1 & :5 ! ,bill has pass$ ,i w apply
 = ! ,*ilt]n ,hundr$s 7*e]s47 ,i h no   
fe>4 ,if ,i am n fit = my con/itu5ts1 !y
 %all dismiss me1 b y nev] %all4 ,!     
grave alone %all make me yield 7he>1    
he>1 & ,oh74     ,a ,,c>d9al',s ,,brok5 
,,oa?4  ,a ,lett]  ,,to ,,8 ,,em95ce    
,,h5ry ,,edw>d1 ,,c>d9al-,,ar*bi%op ,,( 
,,we/m9/]4  ,,by  ,,*>les ,,bradlaugh4  
,,eigh? ,,?\s&4   ,illu/ration          
,,london3  ,,free?\ght ,,publi%+        
,,company #fc1 ,,fleet ,,/reet1 ,e4,c4  
#ahhb4  ,,price ,,"o ,,p5ny4            
,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,annie ,,besant 
,,& ,,*>les ,,bradlaugh4 #fc1 ,,fleet   
,,/reet1 ,e4,c4     ,,to ,,8 ,,em95ce   
,,h5ry ,,edw>d1  ,,c>d9al-,,ar*bi%op ,,(
 ,,we/m9/]4   ,?ree times y\r ,em95ce   
has--?r\gh ! pages ( ! ,n9ete5?         
,c5tury--p]sonally & publicly int]f]$ & 
us$ ! weight ( y\r ecclesia/ical        
position aga9/ me 9 ! ,p>liam5t>y       
/ruggle 9 :i* ,i am engag$1 al?\gh y are
 nei!r vot] 9 ! bor\gh = :i* ,i am      
return$ to sit1 nor ev5 co-citiz5 9 !   

/ate to :i* ,i belong4 ,y\r p]sonal     
position is t ( a law-break]1 "o :o has 
des]t$ 8 sworn allegiance & ?us =feit$ 8
 citiz5%ip1 "o :o is tol]at$ by ,engli% 
=be>ance1 b is liable to indictm5t =    
misdemeanor z memb] ( a society ( !     
,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,m ?an once1 :5 ! "q ( my
 admission to ! ,h\se ( ,commons has be5
 "u discussion 9 t ,h\se1 h ,i se5 y    
busy 9 ! lobby closely att5d$ by ! dev\t
 & sob] ,philip ,callan1 or "s o!r      
equally appropriate ,p>liam5t>y h5*man4 
,misrepres5t+ :at _h tak5 place 9 !     
,h\se ( ,commons :5 ,i took my seat on  
affirmation 9 ,july1 #ahhj1 y\r ,em95ce 
wrote 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury = ,augu/1    
#ahhj1 t :i* y 7 pleas$ to entitule ,an 
,engli%man's ,prote/ aga9/ my be+ all[$ 
to sit 9 ! ,commons' ,h\se1 to :i* !    
vote ( a free con/itu5cy _h duly return$
 me4 ,9 t prote/ y blund]$ alike 9 y\r  
law & 9 y\r hi/ory4 ,y gave ! ,tudor    
,p>liam5t>y oa? ,saxon & ,norman        
antiquity4 ,y spoke ( ,john ,horne      
,tooke z hav+ _h ! door ( ! ,h\se %ut   

aga9/ him by a by-vote1 no su* by-vote  
hav+ be5 c>ri$1 & ! /atute :i* disabl$  
cl]gym5 9 ! future n affect+ ,john      
,horne ,tooke's seat 9 t ,p>liam5t4 ,y  
decl>$ t 9 ! ,fr5* ,revolution ! ,fr5*  
vot$ out ! ,supreme ,be+2 !re is no     
record ( any su* vote4 ,9 ,m>*1 #ahhb1  
:5 ! ,h\se _h expell$ me = my disob$i5ce
 ( its ord]s 9 comply+ ) ! law1 & tak+  
my seat1 y aga9 us$ ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 
,?is "t = a second prote/1 int5d$ to    
prev5t my re-election4 ,y1 9 bo? y\r    
articles1 rem9d$ ! bigots t ,i might be 
indict$ = blasphemy4 ,y\r advice has    
s9ce be5 foll[$4 ,p]secution is a       
two-edg$ sword1 & ,i return ! w>n+ y (f]
 to ,"l ,%]brooke4 ,:5 ,i 0 9 ,p>is "s  
"t s9ce1 & 0 *all5g$ to express an      
op9ion z to ! en=cem5t ( ! law aga9/ !  
religi\s ord]s 9 ,france1 ,i1 n to !    
pleasure ( _m ( my fri5ds1 spoke out v  
freely t 9 matt]s ( religion ,i w\ld use
 ! law aga9/ none2 b y\r p]secut+ _s may
 provoke intemp]ate m5 ev5 f>!r ?an y   
dream4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 by ! #aj? ,george 

,,iv41 cap4 #g1 secs4 #bh & #bi1 #ca1   
#cb & #cd1 y are crim9ally indictable1  
,c>d9al-,ar*bi%op ( ,we/m9/]4 ,y only   
reside "h )\t police *all5ge by !       
m]ciful =be>ance ( ! community4 ,& yet y
 p>ade 9 political conte/ y\r illegal   
position z a memb] ( a religi\s ord] ( !
 ,*ur* ( ,rome1 & h ! audacity to invoke
 outlawry & legal p5alty aga9/ me4 ,la/ 
mon?1 9 solemn /ate1 y1 9 defiance ( !  
law1 9 a p]sonal & (ficial visit to !   
bor\gh ( ,nor?ampton itself1 s\ght to   
weak5 ! confid5ce ( my con/itu5ts2 & y 7
 n a%am$1 9 ord] to injure me1 to pret5d
 fri5d%ip ) m5 :o h = ye>s con/antly &  
repeat$ly us$ ! /ronge/ & f\le/ abuse ( 
y\r pres5t ,*ur*4 ,an amiable b ignorant
 ,cons]vative mayor1 *ief magi/rate ( ! 
bor\gh1 b innoc5t ( /atutes1 0 misl$    
into p>ad+ 8 (ficial robe & (fice :ile y
 op5ly broke ! law 9 8 pres5ce4 ,9 !    
curr5t numb] ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury y fire
 y\r la/ %ot1 & are co>se 9 ,lat9 z well
 z 9 ! vulg> tongue4 ,p]haps ! frequ5t+ 
,philip ,callan has spoil$ y\r mann]s4  

,x else seems impossible t "o :o 0 once 
a cultur$ s*ol> & a ref9$ g5tleman c\ld 
confuse ) legitimate argum5t ! abuse ( 8
 oppon5ts z cattle4 ,b :o are y1 ,h5ry  
,edw>d ,mann+1 t y %\ld ?r[ /ones at me1
 & %\ld s p>ade y\r desire to protect ! 
,h\se ( ,commons f contam9ation8 ,at    
lea/1 fir/ take out ( x ! drunk>d & !   
dissolute ( y\r own ,*ur*4 ,y "k !m well
 en\gh4 ,is x ! oa? alone :i* /irs y8   
,y\r t5d]ness on swe>+ comes v late 9   
life4 ,:5 y took ord]s z a deacon ( !   
,engli% ,*ur*1 9 pres5ce ( y\r bi%op1 y 
swore s help me1 ,god1 t y did f y\r    
he>t abhor1 dete/ & abjure1 &1 ) y\r h& 
on ! holy gospels1 y decl>$ t no =eign  
pr9ce1 p]son1 prelate1 /ate1 or pot5tate
 ha?1 or ought to h1 any jurisdiction1  
p[]1 sup]iority1 pre-em95ce1 or         
au?ority1 ecclesia/ical or spiritual1 )9
 ?is realm4 ,y may n[ well write ( m5   
:om no oa? c b9d4 ,! oa? y took y h     
brok52 & yet x 0 because y _h1 9 ! v    
*ur* itself1 tak5 ?is oa?1 t y = _m ye>s
 held m ?an "o pr(itable pref]m5t 9 !   

,e/abli%$ ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,y indulge 9  
inu5does aga9/ my "* 9 ord] to d me     
mis*ief1 & vici\sly ins9uate z ?\gh my  
life _h 9 x ju/ification = good m5's    
abhorr5ce4 ,9 ?is y are v c[>dly z well 
z v false4 ,!n1 to move ! timid1 y      
sugge/ ! fe> ( et]nal puni%m5t1 z       
associat$ ) a brok5 oa?4 ,h y any su*   
fe>8 or h y be5 p]sonally conv5i5tly    
absolv$ f ! et]nal consequ5ces ( y\r    
p]jury8 ,h y s9ce sworn ano!r oa? be=e  
ano!r bi%op ( ano!r *ur*1 or made "s    
solemn v[ to ,rome1 9 lieu (1 & 9       
contradiction to1 ! "o y s took 9       
pres5ce ( y\r bi%op1 :51 9 ! "n ( !     
,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/1 t bi%op ( ! 
*ur* by law e/abli%$ 9 ?is c\ntry       
accept$ y\r oa?1 & gave y au?ority z a  
deacon 9 ! ,*ur* y h s9ce =sak54 ,i d n 
blame y s mu* t y are =sworn3 !re are1 z
 y truly say1 "s m5 :om no oa? c b9d2 & 
x has (t5 be5 ! habit ( ! c>d9als ( y\r 
,*ur* to take an oa? & break x :5 pr(it 
came ) brea*2 b y\r remembrance ( y\r   
own p]jury might at lea/ keep y retic5t 

9 v %ame4 ,in/ead ( ?is1 y ?ru/ y\rself 
impud5tly into a purely political       
conte/1 & %\t z if ! oa? 7 to y ! mo/   
sacr$ in/itution possible4 ,y say !re   
are happily "s m5 :o believe 9 ,god &   
fe> him4 ,d y d ei!r8 ,y1 :o decl>$1 ,s 
help me1 ,god t no =eign prelate 444    
ought to h any jurisdiction or au?ority 
ecclesia/ical or spiritual )9 ?is realm4
 ,& y--:o 9 spite ( y\r decl>ation on   
oa? h c\rt$ & won1 intrigu$ = & obta9$1 
! ar*bi%op's au?ority & ! c>d9al's hat f
 ! ,pope ( ,rome--y rebuke ,"l ,%]brooke
 = us+ ! words s9 & %ame 9 connexion )  
oa?-tak+2 d y hold n[ t !re 0 no s9 & no
 %ame 9 y\r brok5 oa?8 ,none ei!r 9 !   
ra% tak+ or ! wilful break+8 ,h y no    
p]sonal %ame t y h brok5 y\r oa?8 ,or d 
! pride & pomp ( y\r ecclesia/ical      
position outbribe y\r consci5ce8 ,y talk
 ( ! p und]/&+ ! words s help me1 ,god4 
,h[ d y und]/& !m ( y\r brok5 oa?8 ,d !y
 mean to y3 ,may ,god des]t & =sake me z
 ,i des]t$ & =sook ! ,que5's supremacy1 
to :i* ,i s solemnly swore allegiance8  

,y speak ( m5 be+ kept to _! allegiance 
by ! oa? :i* b9ds !m to _! sov]eign4 ,y 
say su* m5 may be tempt$ by ambition or 
covet\sness unless !y are b\nd by !     
high] & m sacr$ responsibility involv$ 9
 ! recognition ( ! lawgiv] 9 ! oa?4 ,0 !
 ,rector ( ,lav+ton & ,graffham covet\s 
( an ar*bi%opric t he broke 8 oa?8 ,0 ! 
,ar*deacon ( ,*i*e/] ambiti\s ( !       
,c>d9al's hat t he became s readily     
=sworn8 ,"l ,ar*bi%op ( ,we/m9/]1 _h y1 
:5 y 7 apo/ate1 rema9$ a poor & simple  
prie/ 9 pov]ty & self-d5ial1 al?\gh y\r 
oa? w\ld h /ill be5 brok51 yet y might h
 taunt$ o!rs m pr(it$ by _! p]juries4 ,b
 y1 :o h d]iv$ pr(it1 pride1 & pomp f   
y\r false swe>+--y1 :o sign y\rself     
,h5ry ,edw>d1 ,c>d9al-,ar*bi%op by favor
 ( ! v au?ority y abjur$ 9 ! "n (       
,god--x is 9 ! highe/ degree indec5t &  
indecor\s = y to p>ade y\rself z a      
def5d] ( ! sanctity ( ! oa?4 ,z a       
pr9ce-prelate ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome y h no  
"r to m$dle ) ! "q ( ! ,engli%          
,p>liam5t>y oa?4  ,y\r ,*ur* has be5 !  

foe ( lib]ty ?r\gh ! _w1 & ,i am honor$ 
by y\r p]sonal assailm5t4 ,b y presume  
too mu* on ! indiff]5ce ( ! age :51 9   
?is free ,engl&1 y s recklessly exhibit 
z weapons 9 an election conte/ ! outw>d 
signs ( ! au?ority ! ,vatican claims1 b 
%all nev] aga9 ex]cise1 9 ,brita94      
,,*>les ,,bradlaugh4     ,,nor?ampton   
,,& ,,!  ,,h\se ,,( ,,commons4          
,,correspond5ce ,,betwe5  ,,*>les       
,,bradlaugh1 ,m4,p41  ,,& ,,! ,,"r      
,,hon4  ,,sir ,,/af=d ,,nor?cote1 ,m4,p4
   ,illu/ration   ,,london  ,,free?\ght 
,,publi%+ ,,company1 #fc1 ,,fleet       
,,/reet ,e4,c4 #ahhd4  ,,price          
,,twop5ce4     ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by   
,,annie ,,besant ,,& ,,*>les            
,,bradlaugh1 #fc1 ,,fleet ,,/reet1      
,e4,c4     ,,nor?ampton  ,,& ,,!  ,,h\se
 ,,( ,,commons4       #bj1 ,circus      
,road1 ,/4 ,john's ,wood1 ,london1      
,n4,w41     ,m>* #a/1 #ahhd4       ,to !
 ,"r ,hon4 ,,sir ,,/af=d ,h4 ,,nor?cote1
 ,m4,p41 ,g4,c4,b4  ,,sir1--,if1 on ei!r
 ( ! occasions :5 rec5tly mov+ aga9/ me 

9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 y _h accord$ or   
claim$ = me opportunity ( spee* 9       
self-def5ce1 ,i might h be5 sp>$ ! ne$ =
 ?is lett]4  ,app>5tly y\r view is t a  
memb] un=tunate en\gh to h ! majority ( 
! ,h\se aga9/ him ne$ n h ev5 !         
semblance ( fairness %[n him--t y1 be+  
/rong1 ne$ n be tr\bl$ ) scruples1 & t !
 m]e fact t ! memb] is1 l y\rself1 !    
*os5 memb] ( a con/itu5cy does n entitle
 him to ! smalle/ c\rtesy or            
consid]ation4  ,y h taught me1 ,sir1 _m 
lessons dur+ ! pa/ f\r ye>s4 ,"s ( ^! ,i
 tru/ to rememb] & pr(it by 9 ! future4 
,y h taught me t a tempor>y majority ( !
 ,h\se may1 ye> aft] ye>1 exclude any   
memb] ( ,p>liam5t f 8 seat1 al?\gh he   
has /rictly obey$ e ,/&+ ,ord]--& ?is   
)\t vacat+ t seat--t x may s exclude !  
memb] al?\gh he has be5 a dec5t & ord]ly
 memb] ( ! ,h\se1 att5d+ regul>ly =     
mon?s to all its duties1 & "o aga9/ :om 
no *>ge or pret5ce ( ,p>liam5t>y        
misconduct 0 made :il/ he s s]v$ 9 x4   
,y h taught me1 ,sir1 t ! lead] ( a     

great p>ty may sit sil5t1 & acquiesce 9 
x by 8 support1 :ile ! law-abid+        
electors ( a great con/itu5cy are call$ 
mob1 dregs1 & scum--t su* a lead] may   
p]mit 8 foll[]s to op5ly accuse two ( ! 
highe/ judges ( our c\ntry ( hav+       
judicially decid$ unfairly f corrupt    
p>ty motives--t he may ev51 )\t di%onor1
 keep sil5ce :il/ x is sugge/$ t ! :ole 
judicial b5* is s corrupt t x w be ready
 to decide unju/ly at ! bidd+ ( a       
gov]nm5t--& t ! fir/ law (fic] ( ! ,cr[n
 is ready to be fraudul5tly collusive ) 
myself4 ,did y believe ^! ?+s1 ,sir1 :5 
!y 7 /at$ & l\dly *e]$ by ^? :o sit     
ar\nd y on y\r side ( ! ,h\se8 ,if yes1 
,i am glad t y\r exp]i5ce ( humanity has
 be5 less =tunate ?an my own4 ,i h      
reg>d$ our judges z at lea/ /riv+ to be 
j & indep5d5t4 ,y seem to ?9k x no?+ t !
 highe/ judges %\ld1 9 y\r pres5ce1 be  
*>g$ ) judg+ unju/ly f favoritism = !   
gov]nm5t ( ! day4  ,y h enc\rag$ &      
practis$ delib]ate violation ( ! law1 &1
 to cov] ?is law-break+1 y h conniv$ at1

 & be5 p>ty to1 ! base/ ins9uations     
aga9/ ^? ^: duty x is to judicially     
pron\nce on matt]s ( legal dispute4 ,y  
h1 )\t rebuke1 p]mitt$ y\r foll[]s to   
decl>e t if ! ,high ,c\rt ( ,judicature 
decl>$ ! law to be 9 my favor1 t !n !y &
 y /ill int5d$ to defy & disobey ! law4 
,! fir/ resolution y mov$ aga9/ me1 on !
 #aa? ,febru>y1 0 worse ?an futile1 = x 
=bade me to d t :i* ,i _h already done1 
& :i* y well knew t ,i _h s done1 9 ord]
 to compel ! submission to ! judgm5t ( a
 compet5t tribunal ( ! legality ( my    
act4  ,! ridicul\s =m ( y\r resolution  
arose because y--hav+ b>ga9$ ) me 9     
writ+ ?r\gh ,mr4 ,w9n t ,i %\ld come to 
! table imm$iately aft] que/ions1 & n   
be=e--int5d$ to int]pose ere ,i c\ld    
rea* ! table4 ,?is w\ld h be5 a di%one/ 
trick _h y succe$$2 x became            
contemptibly ridicul\s :5 y fail$2 b x  
is a lesson to me t ,i mu/ be c>eful1   
inde$1 :5 ,engli% g5tlem5 ( "n & family 
make treaties ) me4  ,y\r second        
resolution1 on ,febru>y #aa?1 0 a       

spiteful1 paltry1 & c[>dly insult to    
myself & to my con/itu5ts1 = x 0 press$ 
by y despite t my colleague (f]$ = me ! 
express und]tak+ t y pret5d$ y wi%$ to  
secure1 & 0 /ill press$ by y ?\gh ,mr4  
,burt (f]$ = me t ,i w\ld at once       
p]sonally give su* und]tak+4 ,^! two    
resolutions1 utt]ly illegal & dang]\s to
 ,p>liam5t>y repute1 y h r5ew$ on       
,?ursday1 ! #ba/1 al?\gh y _h he>d read 
by ,mr4 ,speak] an und]tak+ f me to !   
,h\se t ,i w\ld n attempt to take my    
seat until ! judicial int]pret]s ( ! law
 _h giv5 =mal judgm5t4 ,& !y are v      
c[>dly & inexcusable resolutions1       
spiteful 9 excess ( any ev] pass$ 9     
previ\s ye>s4 ,!y exclude me1 n only f !
 ,h\se1 b f ! read+-room1 libr>y1       
tea-room1 d9+-rooms1 & ext]ior lobbies1 
?\gh !re is n ! fa9te/ sugge/ion t ,i h 
us$ my "r to g to ^? places to enable me
 to di/urb ! ,h\se4 ,if ,i _h n tak5 !  
precaution to anticipate y\r malice1 ,i 
%\ld actually h be5 h9d]$ by =ce f go+  
to ! prop] (fic] to obta9 ! c]tificate (

 my return4 ,y\rs is a mean & spiteful  
act1 ,sir1 unwor?y an ,engli% g5tleman4 
,& ,i admit t y h inconv5i5c$ me1 = y h 
depriv$ me ( access to ! libr>y ( !     
,h\se1 & y may ?us put me to "s exp5se &
 annoyance 9 ! procurem5t ( law books & 
,p>liam5t>y records 9 ! litigation 9 :i*
 ,i am involv$ 9 def5d+ ! rights ( my   
con/itu5ts4  ,x is too mu* t1 9 #ahhd1 a
 duly-elect$ & prop]ly-qualifi$ burgess 
( ,p>liam5t %\ld be %ut outside by su*  
votes4  ,to repeat to y words sign$1 9  
,septemb]1 #afef1 by y\r own ance/or1   
,sir ,john ,nor?cote1 ,m4,p4 = ! ,c\nty 
( ,devon3 we :o h be5 duly *os5 to be   
memb]s ( ! ,p>liam5t1 h an und\bt$ "r to
 meet1 sit1 & vote 9 ,p>liam5t1 & no "p 
( ! repres5tative body are tru/$ to     
cons5t to any?+ 9 ! nation's behalf if !
 :ole h n _! free lib]ty ( debat+ & vot+
 9 ! matt]s prop\nd$4 ,to cont9ue !     
language ( y\r /urdy ance/or1 y h n[    
decl>$ t ! p's *oice _c give a man a "r 
to sit 9 ,p>liam5t1 b ! "r mu/ be d]iv$ 
f y\r graci\s w & pleasure4 ,y reply t y

 h ! =ce on y\r side2 b ,sir ,john      
,nor?cote decl>$ t3 ,! viol5t exclusion 
( any ( ! p's deputies f do+ _! duties &
 execut+ _! tru/ freely 9 ,p>liam5t do? 
*ange ! /ate ( ! p f fre$om into a m]e  
slav]y2 & if y tell me t ! majority ( ! 
pres5t memb]s ( ! ,h\se are ) y 9 :at y 
d1 ,i recall ,sir ,john ,nor?cote's     
prote/3 ,t all su* *os5 memb]s =        
,p>liam5t z %all take ^u !m to approve (
 ! =cible exclusion ( o!r *os5 memb]s1  
or %all sit1 vote1 & act by ! "n ( !    
,p>liam5t ( ,engl& :ile1 to _! k1 any ( 
! *os5 memb]s are s by =ce %ut out1 we  
say su* ought to be reput$ betray]s ( ! 
lib]ties ( ,engl&4  ,y _c n[ pret5d )   
any hope t sane m5 w believe y1 t y     
desire to prev5t ! pr(anation ( ! oa?4  
,9 #ahhj y prev5t$ ! second read+ ( !   
,affirmation ,bill1 introduc$ by my     
colleague1 ,mr4 ,lab\*]e1 "u ! pretext t
 su* a measure ought to be introduc$ by 
! ,gov]nm5t4 ,9 #ahha1 aft] y y\rself _h
 said ! matt] %\ld be dealt ) by        
legislation1 y prev5t$ ! ,gov]nm5t f    

introduc+ x4 ,9 #ahhb y\r fri5ds block$ 
! ,affirmation measure aga9 propos$ by  
my colleague1 & 9 #ahhc y ex]t$ e       
influ5ce to defeat1 & successfully      
defeat$1 ! ,affirmation ,bill br\ght    
=w>d by ! ,gov]nm5t4  ,if y _h really   
believ$ ! oa? pr(an$ by me1 y w\ld h be5
 "o ( ! fir/ to aid 9 remov+ ! possible 
pr(anation by sub/itut+ ! "r (          
affirmation4 ,9 ,ul/] y took cr$it =    
keep+ an ,a!i/ out ( ,p>liam5t1 b x 0 n 
my ,a!ism y kept out1 = ,i actually sat 
) y day by day1 speak+1 vot+1 & s]v+1 f 
! beg9n+ ( ,july1 #ahhj1 until ! end (  
,m>*1 #ahha4 ,&1 dur+ ! :ole ( t "t1 my 
c>e 0 to be at lea/ z good & loyal a    
memb] ( t ,h\se z any sitt+ )9 its      
walls4 ,i d n plead my conduct !re1 :il/
 us+ all my "r1 z any?+ on my behalf1 = 
,i at mo/ c\ld d no m ?an my duty2 b at 
lea/ ,i h ! "r to say t x 0 nev] sugge/$
 t ,i 0 o!r ?an a good work+ memb] ( !  
,h\se1 /rict 9 my att5dance at & dur+ e 
"o ( its sitt+s4 ,x _c be pret5d$ t ,i  
us$ my "r ( spee* to =ce ^u ! ,h\se "o  

^w :i* did n relate to ! bus9ess !n be+ 
dealt )1 or t 9 any fa%ion ,i obtrud$ ^u
 :at %\ld be a purely political assembly
 any views ( m9e on matt]s ( religion4  
,y h p]mitt$ 9 public my conduct to be  
mis/at$ 9 y\r pres5ce1 & utt]ances 9    
,p>liam5t to be attribut$ to me :i* are 
none ( m9e1 & y h done ?is because y    
hop$ t1 by excit+ religi\s & social     
prejudice aga9/ me1 y might weak5 !     
,gov]nm5t1 & crawl back into (fice4 ,to 
injure ! ,lib]al p>ty1 y h all[$ words  
:i* y pret5d are sacr$ to be us$ z p>ty 
cries1 & y h made hundr$s ( ?\s&s exam9e
 into & decl>e 9 favor ( my op9ions &   
expressions on religi\s que/ions :o b = 
y might p]haps h nev] ev5 kn[n my "n4 ,y
 h alli$ y\rself at ,we/m9/] ) m5 :om y 
d5\nc$ 9 ,irel& z traitors & disloyal1 9
 ord] t1 ) _! help1 y might insult an   
,engli% con/itu5cy2 & y h succe$$ 9 br++
 ,p>liam5t>y ,gov]nm5t into contempt by 
p>ad+ ! ,h\se ( ,commons z ! *ief       
law-break+ assembly 9 ! _w4 ,9 f\r ye>s 
aga9/ me y h done y\r wor/ to de/roy me2

 ) y\r own purse y h help$ ! v>i\s      
projects to ru9 me2 & y h s fail$ t     
cl]gym5 & ,noncon=mi/ m9i/]s h be5 driv5
 to support me f v indignation aga9/ !  
injury y h done to ! cause ( religion4  
,y\r ,cons]vative associations h flood$ 
! c\ntry ) leaflets conta9+ g>bl$ &     
mislead+ extracts f my spee*es & writ+s1
 & h ?us excit$ ! curiosity ( _m :om ,i 
c\ld h nev] rea*$4 ,^!1 procur+ my      
works1 & f9d+ t my words h be5 di/ort$ &
 tak5 out ( context1 give a favor to me 
t ,i %\ld p]haps h nev] o!rwise won4    
,few believe t y are mov$ by religi\s   
motives4 ,mr4 ,newdegate is reg>d$ z    
s9c]e1 ?\gh 8 sanity is d\bt$2 b :5 m5  
recollect ! pa/ & ev5 pres5t lives ( _m 
( ^? ar\nd y1 ^: tongues s l\dly decl>e 
_! piety1 !y come1 n unnaturally1 to !  
conclusion t he is ! wor/ infidel :o    
trails ! bann] ( 8 *ur* 9 ! mire (      
political w>f>e1 & p]mits ! votes ( !   
drunk51 ! dissolute1 ! di%one/1 & !     
disloyal to be canvass$ by 8 :ips s t !y
 may be c\nt$ on ! side :i* he p>ades z 

t ( ! pure & ! holy4  ,on ! #g?         
,febru>y1 #ahhb1 ,i told y & y\r        
majority3 ,if ,i am n fit = my          
con/itu5ts1 !y %all dismiss me1 b y nev]
 %all4 ,i h gone s9ce volunt>ily to my  
con/itu5ts--to ^? f :om y pres5t$ a     
petition ) #aj1djj mock signatures ^u x4
 ,! answ] has come at ! ballot-box4 ,my 
con/itu5ts bid me resi/ y1 & ,i w4 ,!y  
tru/ me to defeat y1 & ,i w4 ,! law is  
on my side1 & y fe> its pron\ncem5t4 ,y 
kept me f ! possibility ( obta9+ a      
decision z long z y c\ld1 b on ! #aa?   
,febru>y ,i broke ?r\gh y\r b>ri]s4 ,!n 
y fruitlessly tri$ to erase all trace ( 
my vot+1 & :5 y f\nd t ,i beat y on ?is 
by add+ a new vote z y rubb$ out ! vote 
be=e1 !n1 9 malici\s spite1 y %ut me out
 ( ! tea-room1 d9+-room1 cloak-room1 &  
libr>y4 ,= %ame1 ,sir ,/af=d ,nor?cote6 
,?is 0 wor?y ( ,o',donnell1 b n ( !     
lead] ( a great p>ty4 ,y we> knightly   
ord]s4 ,y %\ld be above a knave's       
spitefulness4  ,my turn is com+4 ,y h   
won sympa?y = me ?r\gh\t ! l&2 y h made 

,nor?ampton m5 /& by me clos] ?an ev]2 y
 are n[ awak+ ! c\ntry to /& by         
,nor?ampton4 ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,/eph5 says t 
! appeal is to ! con/itu5cies1 & ,i     
appeal4 ,9 ! "n ( ju/ice1 by ! hope (   
lib]ty1 9 memory ( ,engli% /ruggles =   
fre$om1 ,i appeal1 & ,i he> ! answ] gr[+
 z y %all he> x1 too1 on ! day :51 f my 
place 9 ! ,h\se1 ,i move3 ,t all !      
resolutions respect+ ,*>les ,bradlaugh1 
memb] = ,nor?ampton1 h9d]+ him f obey+ !
 law1 & puni%+ him = hav+ obey$ ! law1  
be expung$ f ! ,j\rnals ( ?is ,h\se z   
be+ subv]sive ( ! rights ( ! :ole body (
 electors ( ?is k+dom4      ,,*>les     
,,bradlaugh4         99       99        
99       99       99      #cj1 ,/4      
,james' ,place1 ,s4,w4      ,m>* #d?1   
#ahhd4  ,,sir1--,!re are "s po9ts 9 !   
lett] y h address$ to me :i* ,i am      
unwill+ to pass ov] 9 sil5ce le/ ,i %\ld
 be tak5 to admit y\r ass]tions4  ,9 !  
fir/ place1 x is necess>y t ,i %\ld po9t
 out to y t ! action ( ! ,h\se (        
,commons ) respect to y\rself has n be5 

arbitr>y or caprici\s1 b has be5 f\nd$  
on pr9ciples delib]ately adopt$ by a    
l>ge majority ( its memb]s ( v>i\s      
political op9ions1 to :i* pr9ciples !y h
 /eadily adh]$1 & :i* !y h always be5   
prep>$ to ju/ify4  ,9 ! second place x  
%\ld be cle>ly und]/ood t 9 all ! /eps  
:i* we h tak5 ) respect to y\rself1     
includ+ "s :i* we took ) ! greate/      
reluctance1 we 7 act+ on ! def5sive1 9  
consequ5ce ( y\r repeat$ attempts to    
ov]ride or to evade ! repeat$ decisions 
( ! ,h\se ( ,commons4  ,! brief hi/ory (
 y\r case is ?is4 ,y 7 duly elect$ memb]
 = ,nor?ampton at ! ,g5]al ,election (  
#ahhj4 ,on pres5t+ y\rself to take y\r  
seat y t5d]$ an affirmation in/ead ( an 
oa?1 & support$ y\r claim to affirm by  
ref]5ce to ! fact t y _h be5 p]mitt$ to 
d s 9 a c\rt ( law "u ! ,evid5ce        
,am5dm5t ,acts ( #ahfi & #ahgj4 ,t claim
 at once1 & necess>ily1 br\ght "u !     
notice ( ! ,h\se t y mu/ ei!r y\rself h 
object$ 9 a c\rt ( law to take an oa?1  
or mu/ h be5 object$ to z incompet5t to 

d s1 & t ! presid+ judge mu/ h be5      
satisfi$ t ! tak+ ( an oa? w\ld h no    
b9d+ effect ^u y\r consci5ce4  ,t be+ s1
 a ,committee 0 appo9t$ by ! ,h\se to   
consid] :e!r ! ,evid5ce ,am5dm5t ,acts 7
 applicable to ! case ( a memb] ( !     
,h\se ( ,commons desir+ to take 8 seat &
 to comply ) ! necess>y conditions4  ,x 
0 held by ! ,committee t !y 7 n s       
applicable1 & ?is f9d+ ( ! ,committee 0 
subsequ5tly confirm$ by ! judgm5t ( !   
,c\rt ( ,appeal4  ,^u be+ refus$        
p]mission to affirm1 y imm$iately came  
to ! table ( ! ,h\se & (f]$ to take !   
oa?4 ,?is proce$+ 0 object$ to1 & !     
majority ( ! ,h\se 7/ill1 z !ret(ore1   
compos$ ( memb]s ( diff]5t %ades (      
politics7 refus$ to all[ y to g ?r\gh ! 
=m ( tak+ an oa?1 :i*1 by ! hypo!sis on 
:i* y\r orig9al claim to affirm 0 f\nd$1
 z well z by ! evid5ce af=d$ by a lett] 
( y\r own1 !y held y to be incompet5t   
really to take1 & :i* !y consid]$ x w\ld
 be a pr(anation to all[ y to pret5d to 
take4  ,t 0 ! gr\nd tak5 by ! ,h\se on !

 #bcrd ,june1 #ahhj1 & x is ! gr\nd :i* 
x has ma9ta9$ ev] s9ce4  ,y h1 s9ce !   
adoption ( t resolution1 made v>i\s     
attempts to =ce ! ,h\se to admit y to a 
seat1 :ile /ill ma9ta9+ its objection2 &
 ^? attempts h1 on m ?an "o occasion1 l$
 to sc5es ( a v indec5t & disord]ly "*4 
,9 its anxiety to prev5t ! recurr5ce (  
su* sc5es1 ! ,h\se has felt itself      
oblig$ to adopt measures ( rigid        
exclusion1 :i* x w\ld gladly h avoid$4  
,i d n ?9k x necess>y to ent] into !    
details ( ^! sc5es4  ,i am1 h[ev]1      
oblig$ to take notice ( y\r allegation t
 my action on ! #aa? ,febru>y involv$ a 
brea* ( an arrangem5t previ\sly made    
?r\gh ,mr4 ,w9n4  ,! arrangem5t :i* ,i  
au?oris$ ,mr4 ,w9n to make 9 my "n1 &   
:i* he did make 9 a lett] to ,mr4       
,lab\*]e1 0 z foll[s3       ,if ,mr4    
,bradlaugh w write y a lett] to ! effect
 t he      w n g up to ! table to take !
 oa?1 nor make any      o!r move ) reg>d
 to 8 seat until ,monday1 ,febru>y      
#aa?1 & w d s on t day1 say imm$iately  

aft]      que/ions1 ,i am q sure t ,sir 
,/af=d w nei!r move      any?+ himself  
respect+ ,mr4 ,bradlaugh's seat1 nor    
employ      anyone else to d s1 previ\s 
to t day4  ,! mean+ ( ?is is p]fectly   
obvi\s1 & x 0 9 /rict con=mity ) x t ,i 
myself ab/a9$1 & urg$ my fri5ds to      
ab/a91 f tak+ any /ep :atev] 9 relation 
to ,mr4 ,bradlaugh until ! day nam$4    
,:51 ^u t day1 y came =w>d 9 defiance ( 
! ,speak]'s repeat$ calls to ord]1 &    
began to g ?r\gh ! =m ( tak+ ! oa?1 ,i  
_h no option b to support ! ,*air1 & to 
support also ! repeat$ly pron\nc$       
resolutions ( ! ,h\se 9 =m] sessions4   
,i d n take notice ( o!r passages 9 y\r 
lett] reflect+ on ! c\rse ( ! majority1 
& m p>ticul>ly ( myself4  ,b ,i w add1 9
 conclusion1 :at y\r lett] does n %[1 t 
y\r exclusion f ! prec9cts ( ! ,h\se is 
t]m9able at any mom5t :5 y may be will+ 
to und]take n to di/urb ! proce$+s ( !  
,h\se4 ,! inconv5i5ces ( :i* y compla9  
are inconv5i5ces :i* y might1 if y *ose1
 put an end to to-morr[4      ,i h !    

honor to rema91      ,y\r ob$i5t s]vant1
      ,,/af=d ,h4 ,,nor?cote4      ,c4  
,,bradlaugh1 ,esq41 ,m4,p4         99   
99       99       99       99      #bc1 
,circus ,road1 ,/4 ,john's ,wood1       
,london1 ,n4,w41      ,m>* #g?1 #ahhd4  
,to ! ,"r ,hon4 ,,sir ,,/af=d           
,,nor?cote1 ,b>t1 ,m4,p4  ,,sir1--,9    
reply to y\r favor ( ! #d? in/ant1 9 :i*
 y say t ! ,h\se held me to be          
incompet5t to take ! oa?1 w y p]mit me  
to answ]3 #a4 ,t ! "q ( compet5ce or    
incompet5ce to take ! oa? is "o ( law1  
fit only = ! decision ( a judicial      
tribunal1 to :i* tribunal ,i h always   
desir$ & endeavor$ to ref] su* "q4 #b4  
,t if ! pr9ciple delib]ately adopt$ by a
 l>ge majority ( ! memb]s ( ! ,h\se (   
,commons _h be5 t !y desir$ to prev5t a 
pr(anation ( ! oa?1 !n !y ought1 dur+ ! 
sessions ( #ahhb--ahhc1 to h gladly     
facilitat$ ! passage ( ! ,affirmation   
,bill1 :i* w\ld h prev5t$ ! necessity = 
! fulfill+ by me ( t :i* y describe z   
pr(anation1 b :i* ,i cont5d is ! duty   

impos$ on me by law4  ,9 y\r v temp]ate 
hi/oric n>rative1 y omit ! fact t :5 !  
,h\se pass$ its resolution ( ! #bcrd    
,june1 #ahhj1 x _h be=e x my decl>ation1
 made ?ree weeks e>li]1 9 answ] to "q   
#ajb ( ! second ,select ,committee3     
,any =m t ,i w5t ?r\gh1 any oa? t ,i    
took1 ,i %\ld      reg>d z b9d+ ^u my   
consci5ce 9 ! fulle/ degree4 ,i         
w\ld g ?r\gh no =m1 ,i w\ld take no oa?1
 unless ,i meant      x to be s b9d+4   
,& z y ref] to my lett] ( ! #bj? ,may1  
pr9t$ 9 ! report ( t committee1 x is    
also fair to recall my answ] !reon on ! 
same day to "q #aig3       ,i ask !     
,committee 9 exam9+ x to take x         
complete1 n      to sep>ate "o or two   
words 9 x & to take ^? )\t      !       
c\nt]vail+ words1 & to rememb] t 9 ?is  
lett] ,i      decl>e t ! oa?1 if ,i take
 x1 w\ld b9d me1 & ,i n[      repeat t 9
 ! mo/ di/9ct & =mal mann]2 t !         
,oa? ( ,allegiance1 viz43 ',i d swe> t  
,i w be fai?ful      & be> true         
allegiance to h] ,maje/y ,que5          

,victoria1 h]      heirs & successors1  
accord+ to law1' w1 :5 ,i take x1       
be mo/ fully1 completely1 & unres]v$ly  
b9d+ ^u my      honor & consci5ce2 & ,i 
crave leave to ref] to !      unanim\s  
judgm5t ( ! full ,c\rt ( ! ,ex*equ]     
,*amb]1      9 ! case ( ,mill] v4       
,salomons1 #ag? ,juri/1 page #dfc1 &    
to ! case ( ! ,lanca/] & ,c>lisle       
,railway ,company v4      ,heaton1 #d?  
,juri/1 new s]ies1 page #gjh1 = !       
di/+ui%m5t betwe5 ! words ( assev]ation 
& !      ess5tial words ( an oa?4 ,b ,i 
also desire to add1 & ,i d      ?is mo/ 
solemnly & unres]v$ly1 t ! tak+ &       
subscrib+1 or repeat+ ( ^? words (      
assev]ation1 w      9 no degree weak5 ! 
b9d+ effect ( ! oa? on my               
consci5ce4  ,9 y\r ref]5ce to my        
attempts to take ! seat to :i* ,i am by 
law entitl$1 y h omitt$ to /ate t on !  
#bg? ,april1 #ahha1 y p]sonally advis$  
me to wait = legislation1 & t :5 ,i did 
s wait1 y\r fri5ds ( ! majority &       
y\rself prev5t$ su* legislation4  ,9    

recall+ ! arrangem5t made by ,mr4 ,w9n  
on y\r behalf1 y h omitt$ 8 mo/ explicit
 & late/ lett]3       ,no/ell ,priory1  
,wakefield1      ,janu>y #bh?1 #ahhd4   
,,de> ,,mr4 ,,lab\*]e1--,on ! di/9ct    
und]/&+ &      agreem5t t ,mr4          
,bradlaugh does n come to ! table to    
take      ! oa?1 or adopt any o!r c\rse 
) ref]5ce to 8 seat      9 ! ,h\se (    
,commons1 until imm$iately aft] que/ions
 on      ,monday1 ! #aa? ( ,febru>y     
next1 & t he w on t day      & "t come  
to ! table1 z he has intimat$ 8 int5tion
      ( do+1 ,i am prep>$ to say t ,sir 
,/af=d ,nor?cote w      n previ\s to    
,monday ! #aa? make any motion ho/ile to
 ,mr4      ,bradlaugh1 nor support any  
motion com+ f any ( our      indep5d5t  
fri5ds on ! subject4      ,i am1 y\rs v 
truly1      ,,r[4 ,,w9n4      ,h4       
,lab\*]e1 ,esq41 ,m4,p4   ,my *>ge aga9/
 y is t1 despite ?is agreem5t1 y _h gone
 d[n to ! ,h\se ) a resolution prep>$   
be=eh&1 & by its word+ %[+ t x 0 int5d$ 
to be mov$ be=e ,i %\ld be able to get  

ne> ! table to :i* y _h made me         
specifically agree !n to come4  ,y      
conclude by say+ t ,i c put an end to   
any p]sonal inconv5i5ce by und]tak+ n to
 di/urb ! proce$+s ( ! ,h\se4 ,i gave   
su* an und]tak+ la/ ye> 9 express words2
 x is pr9t$ 9 ! j\rnals ( ! ,h\se1 & y  
did n accept x4 ,imm$iately be=e y mov$ 
y\r resolution ( #ba/ ,febru>y1 y he>d  
,mr4 ,speak] read my und]tak+ to d no?+ 
until a legal decision 0 obta9$4 ,?is y 
refus$1 & ,i h no reason to suppose t   
any second (f] f me w\ld be accept$4 ,if
 :at y really desire is t1 if ! law     
decides 9 my favor1 ,i %all none ! less 
jo9 9 y\r insult to my con/itu5ts by    
refus+ to try to s]ve 9 ! ,p>liam5t to  
:i* !y h lawfully return$ me1 ,i c only 
say t ,i w nev] give su* an und]tak+4   
,i h ! honor to be1 ,sir1      ,y\r mo/ 
ob$i5t ,s]vant1      ,c4 ,,bradlaugh4   
,,! ,,late/  ,,con/itutional ,,/ruggle3 
,a ,,regi/] ,,( ,,ev5ts  ,:i* h occurr$ 
s9ce ,april #bnd1 #ahhj4   ,,by   ,w4   
,,maw]4   ,no1 n an oa?4444 ,swe>       

prie/s1 & c[>ds1 & m5 cautel\s1 ,old    
feeble c>rions & su* suff]+ s\ls ,t     
welcome wrongs2 unto bad causes swe>    
,su* creatures z m5 d\bt2 b d n /a9 ,!  
ev5 virtue ( our ent]prise1 ,nor !      
insuppressive metal ( our spirits1 ,to  
?9k t or our cause or our p]=mance ,did 
ne$ an oa?4--,julius ,caes>1 ,act ,,ii41
 ,sc5e #a4   ,illu/ration   ,,london3   
,,free?\ght ,,publi%+ ,,company #fc1    
,,fleet ,,/reet1 ,e4,c4 #ahhc4  ,,price 
,,twop5ce4     ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by   
,,annie ,,besant ,,& ,,*>les            
,,bradlaugh1 #fc1 ,,fleet ,,/reet ,e4,c4
     ,,! ,,late/  ,,con/itutional       
,,/ruggle4   #ahhj4  ,april #bnd4--,aft]
 twelve ye>s' fight & ?ree repulses1    
,mr4 ,*>les ,bradlaugh is elect$ memb] (
 ,p>liam5t = ,nor?ampton4 ,! poll+ 0 z  
foll[s3--      ,lab\*]e 7,l47           
#d1aeh     ,bradlaugh 7,r47             
#c1hbg     ,phipps 7,c47                
#c1aeb     ,m]ewe!r 7,c47               
#b1hbf  ,! ,weekly ,dispat* said3 ,mr4  
,bradlaugh's a*ievem5t ( ! position he  

has be5 aim+ at s long & s zeal\sly is a
 notable sign ( ! times4 ,:atev] 8      
critics may ?9k ( him1 he w ent]        
,p>liam5t z ! repres5tative ( a va/ly   
l>g] con/itu5cy ?an ! :ole electorate or
 ! :ole population ( ,nor?ampton4  ,!   
,birm+ham ,daily ,mail3 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh 
holds extreme views on "s subjects1 b he
 w none ! less be a useful man 9        
,p>liam5t1 8 unfl9*+ c\rage 9 ! exposure
 ( abuses be+ unque/ionable4  ,! ,/&>d3 
,mr4 ,bradlaugh1 n[ t he has got to !   
,h\se ( ,commons1 is n likely to efface 
himself 9 spee*less obscurity4  ,!      
,s\?ampton ,times3 ,! mo/ signal &      
port5t\s triumph is t :i* has be5 a*iev$
 by ,mr4 ,bradlaugh4 ,8 election %[s :at
 ! unity ( ! ,lib]al p>ty mu/ h be54  ,!
 ,*ri/ian ,_w3 ,8 contributions to !    
discussions ( ! ,h\se may n be )\t      
value4  ,dur+ ! election ,mr4 ,samuel   
,morley telegraph$ to ,mr4 ,lab\*]e z   
foll[s3 ,i /rongly urge necessity (     
unit$ ef=t 9 all sections ( ,lib]al     
p>ty1 & ! s9k+ ( m9or & p]sonal         

que/ions1 ) _m ( :i* ,i deeply          
sympa?ise1 9 ord] to prev5t ! return1 9 
s pron\nc$ a con/itu5cy z ,nor?ampton1 (
 ev5 "o ,cons]vative4  ,april           
#ae?4--,mr4 ,s4 ,morley1 speak+ at      
,bri/ol said1 respect+ 8 telegram to    
,nor?ampton3 ,he made no ref]5ce to     
c&idates1 nor did ! fri5d :o wrote !    
telegram g into detail1 b he advis$     
union4 ,^? :o _h kn[n him all 8 life    
w\ld believe t he view$ ) ! int5se/     
repugnance ! suppos$ op9ions1 bo? social
 & religi\s1 ( "o ( ! c&idates4         
,aft]w>ds1 writ+ to ! ,record1 ,mr4     
,morley said he deeply regrett$ 8       
telegram4  ,! ,weekly ,dispat*1 comm5t+ 
on ,mr4 ,morley's conduct1 said3 ,let ! 
bigots :o h tak5 him to task = 8        
tempor>y ab]ration f ! pa? ( ph>isaism  
make :at !y c ( 8 pitiful excuse4 ,o!r p
 c only regret t a man s useful 9 _m    
ways1 bo? z a politician & a            
philan?ropi/1 %\ld %[ himself s         
n>r[-m9d$4  ,! ,ed9burgh ,ev5+ ,news3 ,9
 _! disappo9tm5t1 ! defeat$ p>ty h      

eag]ly caught at ! election ( ,mr4      
,bradlaugh z supply+ ! mo/ pung5t taunt 
t c be ?r[n at _! victori\s oppon5ts4   
,! ,%effield ,telegraph3 ,bradlaugh is  
an ,m4,p4 444 ! bell[+ blasphem] (      
,nor?ampton4  ,mr4 ,bradlaugh ann\nces t
 he consid]s he is legally entitl$ to   
avail himself ( ! ,free?9k]s'           
affirmation1 & t !re is "s reason to    
hope t o!r memb]s w jo9 him 9 t c\rse4  
,april #ag?4--,%effield ,indep5d5t's    
,london ,correspond5t says3 ,t5ets :i*  
con/itute ! religi\s fai? ( ,mr4        
,bradlaugh are und]/ood to con/itute an 
insup]able difficulty 9 ! way ( 8 be+   
sworn a memb] ( ! fai?ful ,commons4     
,april #bi?4--,p>liam5t op5s4  ,may     
#crd4--,at ! table ( ! ,h\se ,mr4       
,bradlaugh h&$ 9 a writt5 pap] to !     
,cl]k ( ! ,h\se2 on ?is 7 writt5 !      
words3 ,to ! ,"r ,honorable ! ,speak] ( 
! ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,i1 ! und]sign$     
,*>les ,bradlaugh1 beg respectfully to  
claim to be all[$ to affirm1 z a p]son =
 ! "t be+ by law p]mitt$ to make a      

solemn affirmation or decl>ation1 in/ead
 ( tak+ an oa?4 ,*>les ,bradlaugh4 ,ask$
 if he desir$ to /ate any?+ to ! ,h\se1 
,mr4 ,bradlaugh said3 ,i h to submit t !
 ,p>liam5t>y ,oa?s ,act1 #ahff1 gives ! 
"r to affirm to e p]son = ! "t be+      
p]mitt$ by law to make affirmation4 ,i  
am su* a p]son2 & "u ! ,evid5ce ,am5dm5t
 ,act1 #ahfi1 & ! ,evid5ce ,am5dm5t     
,act1 #ahgj1 ,i h repeat$ly1 = n9e ye>s 
pa/1 affirm$ 9 ! highe/ c\rts (         
jurisdiction 9 ?is realm4 ,i am ready to
 make ! decl>ation or affirmation (     
allegiance4  ,at ! reque/ ( ! ,speak]   
,mr4 ,bradlaugh !n )drew1 9 ord] t !    
,h\se might consid] ! claim1 & ,"l ,f4  
,cav5di%1 urg+ t x w\ld be manife/ly    
inconv5i5t t :5 any hon4 memb] _h appli$
 to take 8 seat 9 ! ,h\se1 any          
unnecess>y delay %\ld int]v5e1 mov$ !   
appo9tm5t ( a committee ( inquiry :i*   
%\ld lay be=e ! ,h\se ! mat]ial on :i* !
 ,h\se itself %\ld f\nd its decision4   
,sir ,/af=d ,nor?cote second$4 ,sev]al  
o!r memb]s spoke1 & ,mr4 ,b]es=d ,hope  

said t ! grievance ( "o man 0 v little  
comp>$ ) a great pr9ciple2 at pres5t !  
,h\se ( ,commons 0 only a half-hat*$    
*ick54 ,! committee 0 !n agre$ to4  ,may
 #aa?4--,appo9tm5t ( committee c>ri$ by 
#aga votes aga9/ #gd1 aft] a two h\rs'  
debate4  ,may #bj?4--,! committee       
report3 t 9 ! op9ion ( ! committee1     
p]sons entitl$ "u ! provisions ( '!     
,evid5ce ,am5dm5t ,act1 #ahfi1' & '!    
,evid5ce ,am5dm5t ,act1 #ahgj1' to make 
a solemn decl>ation in/ead ( an oa? 9   
c\rts ( ju/ice1 c n be admitt$ to make  
an affirmation or decl>ation in/ead ( an
 oa? 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 9 p]suance ( 
! ,acts #bi & #cj ,vict41 c4 #ai1 & #ca 
& #cb ,vict41 c4 #gb4  ,! draft report1 
propos$ by ! ,attorney-,g5]al1 0 to !   
effect t p]sons s admitt$1 etc41 may be 
admitt$1 etc4 ,?is 0 lo/ by ! ca/+ vote 
( ! *airman 7,mr4 ,walpole71 ! o!r      
memb]s ( ! committee vot+ z foll[s4     
,ayes3 ,mr4 ,:itbread1 ,mr4 ,john       
,bright1 ,mr4 ,massey1 ,mr4 ,s]geant    
,simon1 ,sir ,h5ry ,jackson1 ,mr4       

,attorney ,g5]al1 ,mr4                  
,solicitor-,g5]al1 ,mr4 ,watk9          
,williams4 ,noes3 ,sir ,john ,holk]1 ,"l
 ,h5ry ,l5nox1 ,mr4 ,/aveley ,hill1 ,mr4
 ,gran?am1 ,mr4 ,pemb]ton1 ,mr4         
,hopwood1 ,mr4 ,b]es=d ,hope1 ,mr4 ,h5ry
 ,*apl94  ,mr4 ,bradlaugh makes a public
 /atem5t ( 8 position ) reg>d to ! oa?4 
,he consid]$ he _h a legal "r to *oose  
betwe5 ! alt]natives ( mak+ an          
affirmation or tak+ ! oa?1 & he felt x  
cle>ly 8 moral duty1 9 t case1 to make  
an affirmation4 ,! oa? includ$ words    
:i*1 to him1 7 mean+less1 & x w\ld h be5
 an act ( hypocrisy to volunt>ily take  
?is =m if any o!r _h be5 op5 to him4 ,he
 %\ld1 tak+ ! oa?1 reg>d himself z b\nd 
n by ! lett] ( its words1 b by ! _s :i* 
! affirmation w\ld h convey$1 _h he be5 
all[$ to make x1 & z soon z he might be 
able he %\ld take /eps to put an end to 
! pres5t d\btful & un=tunate /ate ( !   
law & practice on oa?s & affirmations4  
,may #ba/4--,amid a tumult ( cries f !  
,cons]vative b5*es ,mr4 ,bradlaugh goes 

to ! table = ! purpose ( be+ sworn4 ,sir
 ,h4 ,d4 ,wolff object+1 ! ,speak]      
reque/$ ,mr4 ,bradlaugh to )draw4 ,he 7!
 ,speak]7 0 b\nd to say he knew ( no    
in/ance 9 :i* a memb] :o _h (f]$ to take
 ! oa? 9 ! usual =m 0 n all[$ by ! ,h\se
 to d s4 ,sir ,h4 ,d4 ,wolff !n mov$ t  
,mr4 ,bradlaugh %\ld n be all[$ to take 
! oa?1 alleg+ aga9/ ,mr4 ,bradlaugh 8   
repute z an ,a!i/1 & 8 au?or%ip ( ,!    
,impea*m5t ( ! ,h\se ( ,brunswick4 ,mr4 
,ald]man ,f[l] second$ ! motion1 /at+ t 
he held 9 8 h& a petition pray+ ! ,h\se 
n to alt] ! law & ! cu/om ( ! realm = ! 
purpose ( admitt+ an ,a!i/ to ,p>liam5t4
 ,mr4 ,glad/one1 9 ! c\rse ( reply+1    
said3 x 0 n 9 consequ5ce ( any          
regulation en=c$ by ! au?ority ( ?is    
,h\se--( a s+le bran* ( ! legislature1  
h[ev] complete t au?ority may be ov] !  
memb]s ( ?is ,h\se1 t ! hon4 memb] =    
,nor?ampton pres5ts himself to take !   
oa? at ! table4 ,he pres5ts himself 9   
pursuance ( a /atutory obligation to    
take ! oa? 9 ord] t he may fulfil ! duty

 ) :i*1 z we are giv5 to und]/&1 9 a    
regul> & =mal mann]1 8 con/itu5ts h     
entru/$ him4 ,t /atutory obligation     
impli$ a /atutory "r4 ,he mov$ t x be   
ref]r$ to a select committee to consid] 
& report = ! in=mation ( ! ,h\se :e!r ! 
,h\se has any "r to prev5t a duly-elect$
 memb]1 :o is will+ to take ! oa?1 f do+
 s4 ,a long debate ensu$1 *>act]is$ by !
 fi]c5ess ) :i* ,mr4 ,bradlaugh's       
admission to ,p>liam5t 0 oppos$4 ,mr4   
,john ,bright1 h[ev]1 ask$ if ! ,h\se 7 
entitl$ ?us to ob/ruct :at he call$ ! "r
 ( a memb] to take 8 seat on acc\nt ( 8 
religi\s belief1 because x happ5$ t 8   
belief or no belief _h be5 op5ly        
pr(ess$1 :at reason 0 !re t any memb] ( 
! ,h\se %\ld n be que/ion$ z to 8       
beliefs1 & if ! answ] 7 n satisfactory t
 ! ,h\se %\ld n be at lib]ty to object  
to 8 tak+ 8 seat8 ,aft] two or ?ree     
adj\rnm5ts ( ! debate ! ,premi]'s       
am5dm5t 0 virtually )drawn1 & a motion  
by ! ,attorney-,g5]al 0 c>ri$ to !      
effect t a committee %\ld be appo9t$ to 

report :e!r x 0 compet5t to ! ,h\se to  
prev5t ,mr4 ,bradlaugh1 by resolution1 f
 tak+ ! oa?4  ,may #bh?4--,committee    
nom9at$--tw5ty-?ree memb]s4  ,mr4       
,lab\*]e gives notice to ask leave to   
br+ 9 a ,bill to am5d ! law (           
,p>liam5t>y ,oa?s1 to provide t any     
memb] may1 if he desire1 make a solemn  
affirmation 9 lieu ( tak+ ! oa?4  ,june 
#bnd4--,mr4 ,bradlaugh gives evid5ce    
be=e ,select ,committee1 9 ! c\rse ( :i*
 he said3 ,i h nev] at any "t refus$ to 
take ! oa? ( allegiance provid$ by      
/atute to be tak5 by memb]s2 all ,i did 
01 believ+ z ,i !n did t ,i _h ! "r to  
affirm1 to claim to affirm1 & ,i 0 !n   
absolutely sil5t z to ! oa?2 t ,i did n 
refuse to take x1 nor h ,i !n or s9ce   
express$ any m5tal res]vation1 or /at$ t
 ! appo9t$ oa? ( allegiance w\ld n be   
b9d+ ^u me2 t1 on ! contr>y1 ,i say1 & h
 said1 t ! ess5tial "p ( ! oa? is 9 !   
fulle/ & mo/ complete degree b9d+ ^u my 
honor & consci5ce1 & t ! repeat+ ( words
 ( assev]ation does n 9 ! slighte/      

degree weak5 ! b9d+ effect ( ! oa? (    
allegiance ^u me4 ,x _h be5 p]si/5tly   
repres5t$ t ,mr4 ,bradlaugh _h refus$ to
 take ! oa?4 ,any =m t ,i w5t ?r\gh1 any
 oa? t ,i took1 ,i %\ld reg>d z b9d+ ^u 
my consci5ce 9 ! fulle/ degree4  ,june  
#af?4--,! committee report t !          
compliance by ,mr4 ,bradlaugh ) ! =m us$
 :5 an oa? is tak5 w\ld n be ! tak+ ( ! 
oa? )9 ! true mean+ ( ! /atutes2 t if a 
memb] make & subscribe ! affirmation 9  
place ( tak+ ! oa? x is possible by     
means ( an action 9 ! ,high ,c\rt (     
,ju/ice1 to te/ 8 legal "r to d s2 & t !
 committee recomm5d t %\ld ,mr4         
,bradlaugh aga9 seek to make & subscribe
 ! affirmation he be n prev5t$ f s do+4 
7,majority 9 favor ( 8 be+ all[$ to     
affirm--f\r47  ,june #ba/4--,mr4        
,lab\*]e mov$ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons t    
,mr4 ,bradlaugh be admitt$ to make an   
affirmation in/ead ( tak+ ! oa?1 second$
 by ,mr4 ,m',l>54 ,sir ,h4 ,giff>d mov$ 
a resolution seek+ to deb> ,mr4         
,bradlaugh f bo? oa? & affirmation4     

,ald]man ,f[l] second$1 a man :o did n  
believe 9 a ,god 0 n likely to be a man 
( high moral "*4 ,! majority ( ! p 7    
oppos$ to an ,a!i/ be+ admitt$ to       
,p>liam5t4 ,_m o!r memb]s spoke4 ,g5]al 
,burnaby said ! mak+ ( ! affirmation by 
,mr4 ,bradlaugh w\ld pollute ! oa?4 ,mr4
 ,palm] said ,mr4 ,bradlaugh _h a legal 
"r ) :i* ! ,h\se _h no p[] to int]f]e4  
,! ,attorney-,g5]al said he _h come to !
 conclusion t ,mr4 ,bradlaugh c\ld n    
take ! oa?1 *iefly on ! consid]ation t  
he 0 a p]son entitl$ to affirm4 ,mr4    
,john ,bright said x 0 c]ta9ly op5 to   
any memb] to propose to take ei!r oa? or
 affirmation2 probably if ,mr4          
,bradlaugh _h _h any suspicion t !      
affirmation w\ld h be5 refus$ him1 he   
w\ld h tak5 ! oa? z o!r memb]s take x--v
 mu*1 he 0 afraid1 z a matt] ( =m4      
,debate adj\rn$4  ,june #bbnd4--,mr4    
,glad/one said t ! ,h\se1 by agree+ to !
 am5dm5t1 w\ld probably be ent]+ on !   
comm5cem5t ( a long1 emb>rass+1 & a     
difficult controv]sy1 n p]haps s mu* )9 

z beyond ! limits ( ! ,h\se1 p]haps ) ! 
result ( ultimate defeat ( ! ,h\se4 ,! m
 he look$ at ! case ! /rong] appe>$ !   
argum5ts :i* w5t to prove t 9 ! ess5ce (
 ! law & ! con/itution ! ,h\se _h no    
jurisdiction4 ,9 int]f]+ betwe5 a memb] 
& :at he consid]$ 8 /atutory duty1 !    
,h\se might f9d itself 9 conflict ) ei!r
 ! c\rts ( law or ! con/itu5cy (        
,nor?ampton4 ,no d\bt an action c\ld n  
be br\ght aga9/ ! ,h\se1 b he 0 n s cle>
 t an action c\ld n be br\ght aga9/ !   
s]vants ( ! ,h\se4 ,he 0 /ill less will+
 to face a conflict ) ! con/itu5cy4 ,!  
,h\se _h commonly be5 successful 9 its  
controv]sies ) ! ,cr[n or ,h\se (       
,lords1 b v diff]5t 0 ! issue ( its "o  
lam5table conflict ) a con/itu5cy4--,sir
 ,h5ry ,tyl]1 ) execrable ta/e1 dragg$ 9
 ! "n ( a lady ) :om ,mr4 ,bradlaugh is 
associat$ 9 bus9ess4 ,at la/1 by a      
majority ( #de--! numb]s vot+ be+ #bge &
 #bcj--;ano!r triumph aga9/ lib]ty 0    
scor$4  ,! ,*ri/ian ,_w regrett$ t "s   
,noncon=mi/s help$ to swell ! ,tory     

majority4  ,! ,jewi% ,_w held x z a     
reproa* to ,judaism1 t memb]s ( _!      
community %\ld h gone ov] to ! p>ty :i* 
once /rove to deta9 !m 9 bondage4  ,9   
#ahea1 ,mr4 ,newdegate prote/$ aga9/ !  
idea t !y %\ld h sitt+ 9 ! ,h\se1 an    
individual :o reg>d$ our r$eem] z an    
impo/or1 & yet ,b>on de ,worms vot$ )   
,mr4 ,newdegate = ! exclusion ( a man ) 
^: t5ets he disagre$4  ,! ,:itehall     
,review head$ an article ,god v4        
,bradlaugh1 & said ! majority _h        
protect$ ,god f insult4  ,june          
#bcrd4--,mr4 ,bradlaugh aga9 claim$ at !
 table ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons to take !   
oa?1 & ! ,speak] hav+ in=m$ him ( !     
resolution pass$ ! previ\s ev5+1 reque/$
 8 )drawal4 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh !reupon ask$
 to be he>d1 & aft] "s debate ! dem& 0  
compli$ )4  ,mr4 ,bradlaugh spoke f ! b>
 ( ! ,h\se1 ask+ no favor1 b claim+ 8   
"r1 & w>n+ hon4 memb]s aga9/ a conflict 
) public op9ion4  ,mr4 ,lab\*]e mov$1 & 
,mr4 ,macdonald second$1 ! resc9dm5t ( !
 resolution ( ! #bbnd1 :i* 0 lo/ on     

division4  ,mr4 ,bradlaugh 0 !n recall$ 
& reque/$ to )draw f ! ,h\se4 ,/&+ by ! 
table1 he said3 ,i respectfully refuse  
to obey ! ord] ( ! ,h\se1 because ! ord]
 is aga9/ ! law4 ,! rag+ ( ! bigots &   
,tories recomm5c$4 ,mr4 ,glad/one decl9$
 to help !m out ( ! pit into :i* !y _h  
leapt3 ,^? :o 7 responsible = ! decision
 might c>ry x out z !y *ose4 ,aft] a %>p
 discussion ,mr4 ,bradlaugh 01 on !     
motion ( ,sir ,/af=d ,nor?cote1 committ$
 to ! ,clock ,t[]4 ,9 ! division !      
numb]s 7 #bgd = & #g aga9/1 ! ,radicals 
hav+ left ! ,h\se4  ,june #bd?4--,on !  
motion ( ,sir ,/af=d ,nor?cote1 ,mr4    
,bradlaugh is releas$ f cu/ody1 n ^u    
apology1 or rep>ation1 or promise n to  
repeat 8 (f5ce1 b ) ! full k & cle>     
recollection ( 8 ann\ncem5t t ! (f5ce   
w\ld be repeat$ toties quoties till 8   
object 0 effect$4  ,june #be?4--,mr4    
,lab\*]e gives notice ( motion to resc9d
 ! resolution ( ! #bbnd1 & ,gov]nm5t    
agre$ to give an e>ly day = ! discussion
 ( ! same4  ,june #bh?4--,b>on de       

,f]ri]es ann\nc$ 8 int5tion to move t ! 
seat = ,nor?ampton be decl>$ vacant1 & t
 a ,bill be br\ght 9 provid+ = !        
sub/itution ( an affirmation = ! oa? at 
! option ( memb]s4 ,mr4 ,wyndham        
7,cons]vative7 ask$ ,mr4 ,glad/one :e!r 
! ,gov]nm5t w\ld br+ 9 a ,bill to remove
 all d\bts z to ! legal "r ( memb]s to  
make a solemn affirmation4 ,mr4         
,glad/one said ! ,gov]nm5t did n propose
 to d s1 & gave notice = ,?ursday 7#a/  
,july7 to move z a /&+ ord] t           
memb]s-elect be all[$1 subject to any   
liability by /atute1 to affirm at _!    
*oice4 ,mr4 ,lab\*]e !n said he w\ld n  
proce$ ) 8 motion4 ,on ano!r motion1    
h[ev]1 by ! same memb]1 leave 0 giv5 to 
br+ 9 a ,bill = ! am5dm5t ( !           
,p>liam5t>y ,oa?s & ,affirmations1 :i* 0
 read a fir/ "t4  ,july #a/4--,aft] a   
futile attempt made by ,mr4 ,gor/ to %[ 
t ,mr4 ,glad/one's resolution 0 a       
disord]ly "o1 ! ,premi]1 9 mov+ x said1 
9 ! c\rse ( an extremely fair spee*1 t !
 allegation ( memb]s t ,mr4 ,bradlaugh  

_h ?ru/ 8 op9ions ^u ! ,h\se 0 untrue4  
,8 7,mr4 ,bradlaugh's7 ref]5ce to !     
,acts "u :i* he claim$ to affirm _h only
 be5 nam$ 9 answ] to a "q f ! cl]k ( !  
,h\se4 ,sir ,ersk9e ,may1 9 8 evid5ce   
be=e ! rec5t committee1 /at$ t ,mr4     
,bradlaugh simply claim$ to affirm4     
,sir ,/af=d ,nor?cote admitt$ t :5 ,mr4 
,bradlaugh 0 call$ ^u to affirm he 0 n  
disrespectful1 b firm4 ,he oppos$ !     
resolution z humiliat+ to ! ,h\se4      
,sev]al memb]s prote/$ aga9/ any c\rse =
 facilitat+ ! admission ( ,mr4          
,bradlaugh4 ,g5]al ,burnaby /at$ t 9    
ord] to obta9 au?oritative op9ions on ! 
matt] he _h obta9$ lett]s or telegrams f
 ! ,moravian body1 ! ,bi%op ( ,london1 !
 ,roman ,ca?olic ,ar*bi%op ( ,ossory1 ! 
,bi%op ( ,ra?o1 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,dubl91 ! 
,bi%op ( ,galway1 & ! ,bi%op ( ,argyle &
 ! ,isles1 & ! ,secret>y ( ! ,pope (    
,rome1 all ( :om express$ !mselves 9 !  
/ronge/ t]ms aga9/ ! admission ( an     
,a!i/ into ,p>liam5t4 ,mr4 ,spurgeon1 :o
 0 un=tunately f home1 _h express$ 8    

op9ion /rongly adv]se to x1 & ! ,*ief   
,rabbi--7l\d laught]7--al?\gh refus+ to 
int]f]e ) political que/ions1 felt v    
deeply on ! subject4 7,laught]1 & cries 
( ! ,sultan1 & ,%ah47  ,:5 ! ,h\se      
divid$ ! numb]s 7 #cjc =1 & #bdi aga9/4 
,july #bnd4--,mr4 ,bradlaugh takes !    
affirmation ( allegiance1 & 8 seat4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,dur+ ! /ruggle sev]al hundr$s (        
indignation meet+s 7 held 9 ,london & ! 
prov9ces1 & petitions1 lett]s1          
telegrams1 etc41 9 imm5se numb]s1 p\r$ 9
 ^u ! ,gov]nm5t & ! ,h\se1 9 favor (    
,mr4 ,bradlaugh's rights4         99    
99       99       99       99  ,july    
#bnd4--,mr4 ,bradlaugh gives 8 fir/     
vote1 & 0 !reupon s]v$ ) a writ to      
recov] aga9/ him a p5alty ( ,l#ejj =    
hav+ vot$ & sat )\t hav+ made &         
subscrib$ ! oa?1 ! pla9tiff be+ "o ,h5ry
 ,lewis ,cl>ke1 :o1 z subsequ5tly       
appe>$1 0 m]ely ! tool ( ! actual common
 in=m]1 ,*>les ,newdigate ,newdegate1   
,m4,p4 ,?is writ 0 ready s quickly t1 if

 n issu$ actually be=e ,mr4 ,bradlaugh  
_h tak5 8 seat1 x mu/ h be5 prep>$      
be=eh&4  ,july #h?4--,mr4 ,norwood asks 
! fir/ ,"l ( ! ,treasury :e!r1 consid]+ 
! ,gov]nm5t decl9$ to introduce a bill  
to am5d ! ,oa?s ,act1 x w\ld in/ruct !  
law (fic]s ( ! ,cr[n to def5d ! junior  
memb] = ,nor?ampton aga9/ ! suit ( !    
common in=m]4 ,mr4 ,callan ask$ :e!r !  
,gov]nm5t w\ld remit ! p5alty4 ,mr4     
,glad/one said no application _h be5    
receiv$ = remission ( ! p5alties1 & t 8 
reply to ,mr4 ,norwood mu/ be 9 !       
negative4  ,july #ad?4--,read fir/ "t 9 
! ,h\se ( ,commons1 a bill to           
incapacitate f sitt+ 9 ,p>liam5t any    
p]son :o has by delib]ate public speak+1
 or by publi%$ writ+1 sy/ematically av[$
 8 disbelief 9 ! exi/5ce ( a supreme    
be+4 ,x 0 prep>$ & introduc$ by ,sir    
,e>dley ,wilmot1 ,mr4 ,ald]man ,f[l] &  
,mr4 ,hicks4 ,ow+ to an in=mality !     
,bill c\ld n come on = second read+4  ,!
 ,rev4 ,canon ,abney1 ( ,d]by1 speaks ( 
,mr4 ,bradlaugh z ! apo/le ( fil?1      

impurity1 & blasphemy4  ,july           
#af?4--,p>liam5t indemnifies ,"l ,byron 
aga9/ an action1 he hav+ sat & vot$ )\t 
be+ sworn4  ,july #bj?4--,sir ,e>dley   
,wilmot gives notice ( mov+ t x is      
repugnant to ! con/itution = an ,a!i/ to
 become a memb] ( ?is ,honorable ,h\se4 
,he aft]w>ds po/pon$ 8 motion4  ,at a   
meet+ ( ! ,dumfries ,t[n ,c\ncil1 a     
memb] said3 ,if ! law c\rts %\ld decide 
t x 0 legal = an ,a!i/ to sit 9 ! ,h\se 
( ,commons1 he %\ld feel x is duty to   
give notice ( petition to ,p>liam5t to h
 ! law alt]$2 he w\ld n all[ ,mr4       
,bradlaugh to g into a hundr$ acre field
 beside cattle1 let alone ! ,h\se (     
,commons4  ,! ,rev4 ,*as4 ,voysey       
writes1 t he feels disgrac$ by ! p (    
,nor?ampton elect+ ,mr4 ,bradlaugh1 &   
decl>es t mo/ ( ! spee*es 9 ! ,bradlaugh
 case 9 favor ( 8 exclusion1 /rike me z 
s+ul>ly good1 :olesome & cr$itable4 ,he 
repeats ! my? ( ,mr4 ,bradlaugh =c+ 8   
objections to ! oa? ^u ! ,h\se4  ,july  
#ba/4--,sir ,john ,hay1 ,m4,p41 speak+  

ab\t ,mr4 ,bradlaugh at ,new ,gall[ay1  
made a mo/ infam\s1 c[>dly1 & uncall$ = 
attack on ,mrs4 ,besant4 ,! ,scotsman   
refus$ to pr9t ! rem>ks1 z ! language 0 
s co>se t x c\ld h>dly h dropp$ f a     
,yahoo4  ,aug4 #a/4--,! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury
 pr9ts ,an ,engli%man's ,prote/1 writt5 
by ,c>d9al ,mann+1 p]sonally direct$    
aga9/ ,mr4 ,bradlaugh4  ,aug4           
#bd?4--,mr4 ,bradlaugh gives notice t   
e>ly next session he w call att5tion to 
p]petual p5sions4  ,sept4               
#g?4--,p>liam5t prorogu$4 ,hans>d cr$its
 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh ) ab\t tw5ty spee*es   
dur+ ! ,session4 7,mr4 ,newdegate told !
 ,lic5s$ ,victuall]s t ,mr4 ,bradlaugh  
_h made "o spee*1 & prov$ himself a     
second or ?ird-rate speak]47   #ahha4   
,jan4 #f?4--,p>liam5t reop5s4 ,mr4      
,bradlaugh r5ews 8 notice z to p]petual 
p5sions4 ,great int]e/ 9 ! "q ?r\gh\t ! 
k+dom4  ,jan4 #bd?4--,mr4 ,bradlaugh    
makes a spee* 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons aga9/
 ,co]cion 9 ,irel&4  ,jan4 #ca/4--,mr4  
,newdegate1 speak+ 9 ! ,h\se1 describ$  

,nor?ampton z an oasis 9 ! ,midl&       
,c\nties4  ,feb4 #d?4--,mr4 ,bradlaugh  
makes a spee* aga9/ ! second read+ ( !  
,co]cion ,bill1 & conclud$ by mov+ t x  
be read t day six mon?s4  ,feb4         
#ae?4--,date ( motion = inquiry into    
p]petual p5sions fix$ = ,m>* #ae?4 7,:5 
! day arriv$ ,mr4 ,bradlaugh1 on an     
appeal f ,mr4 ,glad/one1 all[$ ! motion 
to be po/pon$1 9 ord] to all[ supply to 
be tak54 #hdh petitions _h be5 pres5t$  
to ! ,h\se1 ) #bea1ccb signatures 9     
favor ( ! motion47  ,feb4 #ag?4--,mr4   
,dawson1 ,m4,p4 = ,c>l[1 said t ,iri%   
memb]s 7 mu* indebt$ to ,mr4 ,bradlaugh 
= :at he _h done on ! ,co]cion ,bill4   
,feb4 #be?4--,mr4 ,bradlaugh made f9al  
spee* aga9/ ?ird read+ ( ! ,co]cion     
,bill4  ,m>* #g?4--,! case ( ,cl>ke v4  
,bradlaugh he>d by ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ma!w4  
,m>* #aj?4--,mr4 ,bradlaugh br\ght be=e 
! ,h\se ! case ( ! imprison$ ,maoris4   
,m>* #aa?4--,judgm5t 9 ! case giv51 :i* 
0 = ! pla9tiff1 t he 0 entitl$ to recov]
 ! p5alty1 subject to appeal4 ,mr4      

,bradlaugh gave notice ( appeal4  ,mr4  
,gor/ gave notice to move t ,mr4 ,speak]
 issue 8 w>rant = new writ = ! bor\gh ( 
,nott+ham 64  ,m>* #ad?4--,^u ,mr4      
,bradlaugh ris+ to pres5t petitions     
aga9/ p]petual p5sions1 sign$ by ov]    
#g1jjj p]sons1 ,mr4 ,gor/ rose to ord]1 
on ! gr\nd t ! seat = ,nor?ampton 0     
vacant4 ,aft] discussion ! ,speak] call$
 ^u ,mr4 ,bradlaugh to proce$ ) !       
pres5tation ( 8 petitions4  ,m>*        
#ae?4--,at reque/ ( ,mr4 ,glad/one1 ,mr4
 ,bradlaugh po/pon$ 8 motion = enquiry  
into p]petual p5sions4  ,m>*            
#bcrd4--,mr4 ,bradlaugh mov$ ! ,c\rt (  
,appeal to exp$ite ! he>+ ( 8 appeal1 & 
also to exp$ite ! trial ( ! issues 9    
fact4 ,! ,c\rt gave ! appeal priority   
ov] o!r cases4  ,m>* #bh?4--,mr4        
,bradlaugh made 8 la/ spee* 9 ! ,h\se   
aga9/ flogg+ 9 ! ,army4  ,m>*           
#cj?4--,appeal he>d4  ,m>*              
#ca/4--,judgm5t giv5 aga9/ ! def5dant4  
,pla9tiff n yet entitl$ to execution1 b 
seat vacat$1 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh und]tak+ n 

to appeal s f> z ! affirmation 0        
conc]n$4  ,mr4 ,bradlaugh aga9 seeks !  
suffrages ( ! electors ( ,nor?ampton4   
,april #f?4--,! ,tories s]ve notice on !
 ,mayor n to accept ,mr4 ,bradlaugh's   
nom9ation1 :i* ! ,mayor disreg>d$4 ,mr4 
,edw>d ,corbett nom9at$ by ,tories4     
,april #i?4--,mr4 ,bradlaugh re-elect$  
by #c1dcg votes to ,corbett #c1cje4     
,april #bf?4--,mr4 ,bradlaugh1          
accompani$ by ,mr4 ,lab\*]e & ,mr4      
,burt1 came to ! table ( ! ,h\se1 &1 !  
book hav+ be5 h&$ to him1 0 ab\t to take
 ! oa? :5 ,sir ,/af=d ,nor?cote         
int]pos+1 he 0 reque/$ to )draw1 9 ord] 
t ! ,h\se might consid] ! new conditions
 "u :i* ! oa? 0 propos$ to be tak54 ,mr4
 ,bradlaugh )drew to ! b> ( ! ,h\se1 &  
,sir ,/af=d ,nor?cote mov$ t he be n    
all[$ to g ?r\gh ! =m ( tak+ ! oa?4 ,mr4
 ,davey mov$ & ,mr4 ,lab\*]e second$ an 
am5dm5t to ! effect t :]e a p]son :o _h 
be5 duly elect$ pres5t$ himself at !    
table to take ! oa? he ought n to be    
prev5t$ f do+ s by any?+ extrane\s to ! 

transaction4 ,o!r memb]s spoke1 & ,mr4  
,bright regrett$ ! almo/ viol5t temp] ) 
:i* "s hon4 g5tlem5 came to !           
consid]ation ( ! "q4  ,mr4 ,bradlaugh1  
speak+ at ! b>1 claim$ t 8 return 0     
unta9t$1 t x _h n be5 br\ght ab\t by !  
,lib]al p>ty1 b by ! help ( ! p1 by !   
p5ce ( toil]s 9 m9e & factory4 ,he begg$
 ! ,h\se n to plunge into a /ruggle )   
him1 :i* he w\ld %un4 ,/rife 0 easy to  
beg91 b none knew :]e x w\ld end4 ,!re 0
 no legal disqualification ^u him1 & !y 
_h no "r to impose a disqualification   
:i* 0 less ?an legal4  ,mr4 ,glad/one   
made a l5g?y & f9e spee* 9 favor ( ,mr4 
,bradlaugh1 ! text ( :i* 0 ,mr4         
,bradlaugh's own words giv5 above z to  
imposition ( a new disqualification2 on 
a division1 h[ev]1 ! bigots aga9 _h x4  
,mr4 ,bradlaugh aga9 /epp$ to ! table1 &
 dem&$ ! adm9i/ration ( ! oa?1 refus+ to
 obey ! ,speak]'s ord] to )draw4 ,sir   
,/af=d ,nor?cote ask$ ! ,prime ,m9i/]   
:e!r he propos$ to (f] ! ,h\se any      
c\nsel4 ,mr4 ,glad/one said he %\ld     

leave x to ! majority to c>ry out !     
effects ( _! vote4 ,ev5tually ! ,speak] 
call$ ^u ! ,s]geant-at-,arms to remove  
,mr4 ,bradlaugh1 :o dur+ ! debate _h be5
 /&+ at ! table4 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh )draw+ 
) ! ,s]geant ?ree times to ! b>1 z (t5  
return$ to ! table4 ,aft] fur!r passages
 at arms betwe5 ,mr4 ,glad/one & ,sir   
,/af=d ,nor?cote1 ! ,h\se adj\rn$4      
,april #bg?4--,mr4 ,bradlaugh aga9 f\nd 
at ! table ( ! ,h\se claim+ to be all[$ 
to take ! oa?4 ,at ! bidd+ ( ! ,speak] !
 ,s]geant-at-,arms aga9 caus$ ,mr4      
,bradlaugh to )draw to ! b>1 :]e he     
rema9$ dur+ ! discussion :i* foll[$4    
,mr4 ,lab\*]e ask$ ! ,prime ,m9i/] :e!r 
he w\ld give him reasonable facilities  
to introduce 8 ,affirmation ,bill1 if s 
,mr4 ,bradlaugh w\ld n int]f]e ) !      
resolution pass$ la/ night4  ,mr4       
,glad/one said ! giv+ facility = t      
purpose1 meant ! po/ponem5t ( v s]i\s & 
v urg5t bus9ess1 & he _h no assurance z 
to ! disposition ( ! ,h\se4 ,he c\ld n  
see 8 way to cons5t if x 0 to be an     

oppos$ ,bill4 ,aft] fur!r discussion1   
h[ev]1 ,mr4 ,glad/one said x might be   
possible to te/ ! feel+ ( ! ,h\se by "o 
or m morn+ sitt+s4  ,april #bi?4--,mr4  
,glad/one ann\nces ! int5tion ( !       
,gov]nm5t ( br++ 9 a bill am5d+ !       
,p>liam5t>y ,oa?s ,act4  ,may #bnd4--,! 
,attorney-,g5]al mov$ t ! ,h\se resolve 
itself into committee ) a view ( 8 ask+ 
leave to introduce ! ,bill4 ,debate on  
motion adj\rn$ to ! #e? ) ! view ( fix+ 
! "t on ! #f?1 :5 ! discussion %\ld be  
resum$4  ,mr4 ,mac,iver gave notice to  
ask ! ,prime ,m9i/] :e!r he 0 prep>$ to 
reconsid] 8 decision ( la/ session1 & w 
introduce a %ort measure = ! p>tial     
disfran*isem5t ( ,nor?ampton4 7,! "q 0  
nev] put47  ,may #f?4--,fur!r ob/ruction
 ( ! ,bigots4  ,may #aj?4--,aft] #a4ae  
a4m4 ! ,gov]nm5t propos$ a morn+ sitt+ =
 t day 7,tuesday71 to discuss !         
introduction ( _! ,bill4 ,fur!r         
ob/ruction1 wra?1 & bitt]ness1 & !      
,gov]nm5t ab&on$ ! int5tion to hold a   
morn+ sitt+4  ,at ! aft]noon sitt+ a    

resolution 0 arriv$ at1 :i* au?oris$ !  
,s]geant-at-,arms to prev5t ,mr4        
,bradlaugh f ent]+ ! ,h\se4  ,"l        
,selborne 7,"l ,*ancellor7 9 reply to a 
lett] relative to ,mr4 ,bradlaugh & !   
oa?1 says equal ju/ice is due to        
,*ri/ian & infidel2 he saw no           
possibility ( refus+ to af=d by         
legislation to all :o scruple to take ! 
oa?1 ! same option 9 ,p>liam5t z !y h 9 
c\rts ( law1 to make an affirmation4    
,may #be?4--,mr4 ,newdegate =mally      
block$ ! ,bill1 ( :i* ,mr4 ,lab\*]e gave
 notice1 = indemnify+ ,mr4 ,bradlaugh   
aga9/ p5alties = hav+ sat & vot$ on     
affirmation4  ,june #ai? & #bj?4--,!    
common in=m]'s action tri$ at ,nisi     
prius be=e ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,grove4 ,v]dict 
aga9/ ,mr4 ,bradlaugh = p5alty &        
co/s4--,rule nisi = new trial aft]w>ds1 
grant$ by ,ju/ices ,grove & ,l9dley2 ?is
 rule 0 made absolute by ,ju/ices ,d5man
 & ,hawk9s1 b 0 set aside by ,lords     
,ju/ices ,brett1 ,cotton & ,holk]4      
99       99       99       99       99  

,mr4 ,bradlaugh appeals to ! c\ntry4 ,! 
c\ntry answ]s4         99       99      
99       99       99  ,aug4 #crd4--,mr4 
,bradlaugh1 act+ on 8 "r to ent] ! ,h\se
 ( ,commons1 is seiz$ at ! door ( !     
,h\se by f\rte5 m51 police & u%]s       
7,inspector ,d5n+ said t571 & r\ghly    
hu/l$ out into ,palace ,y>d1 ,mr4       
,bradlaugh prote/+ aga9/ su* treatm5t z 
illegal4 ,9 ! passage lead+ out to ! y>d
 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh's coat 0 torn d[n on ! 
"r side2 8 wai/coat 0 also pull$ op51 & 
o!rwise 8 toilet 0 mu* dis>rang$4 ,!    
memb]s flock$ d[n ! /airs on ! heels ( !
 /ruggl+ p>ty1 b no pause 0 made until  
,mr4 ,bradlaugh 0 plac$ outside !       
prec9cts & 9 ,palace ,y>d4--,times4     
,ald]man ,f[l] 0 he>d to call1 ,kick him
 out4 ,?is he aft]w>ds d5i$1 b !re is   
evid5ce t he did s4 7,mr4 ,bradlaugh    
suff]$ ! rupture ( ! small muscles ( bo?
 8 arms1 & erysipelas ensu$74  ,_m ?\s&s
 ( p w5t up to ! ,h\se ) petitions1 urg+
 ! ,h\se to d ju/ice to ,nor?ampton &   
,mr4 ,bradlaugh4  ,9 ! ,h\se ,mr4       

,lab\*]e mov$ a resolution condemn+1 z  
an int]f]5ce ) ! privilege ( memb]s1 !  
action ( ! au?orities 9 expell+ ,mr4    
,bradlaugh f ! lobby4 ,?is 0 reject$ by 
#aia votes aga9/ #g1 & a motion ( ,sir  
,h5ry ,holl&1 decl>+ ! approval ( !     
,h\se ( ! c\rse tak5 by ! ,speak]1 0    
agre$ to )\t controv]sy4  ,at a cr[d$   
meet+ at ! ,hall ( ,sci5ce ! same ev5+  
,mr4 ,bradlaugh /at$ t he _h told       
,inspector ,d5n+ 9 ,palace ,y>d t he    
c\ld come back ) =ce en\gh to ga9       
admittance1 b t he _h no "r to risk !   
lives & lib]ties ( 8 support]s4  ,aug4  
#d?4--,! ,times decl>es1 9 an article   
favorable on ! :ole to ,mr4 ,bradlaugh's
 claims1 t ! ,h\se ( ,commons 0 ye/]day 
! real suff]] 9 dignity1 au?ority1 &    
repute4 ,x says3 ! "q conta9s )9 itself 
! baleful g]m ( a grave con/itutional   
conte/ betwe5 ! ,h\se ( ,commons & any  
con/itu5cy 9 ! l&2 & su* a conflict c b 
h "o conclusion1 z all hi/ory %[s4  ,!  
,daily ,news1 9 a simil> article1       
concludes ?us3 ,soon] or lat] x w be    

g5]ally ackn[l$g$ t ,mr4 ,bradlaugh's   
exclusion 0 "o ( ! mo/ high-h&$ acts (  
:i* any legislative body has ev] be5    
guilty4  ,! foll[+ unique p>agraph f ,! 
,rock is wor? pres]v+ 9 its orig9al =m3 
,! "q n[ is :e!r ! ,*ri/ian p ( ?is     
realm w quietly all[ clamor\s gr\ps (   
infidels1 ,radicals1 & s$itioni/s1 by   
organis$ clamor1 blu/]1 & m5ace1 to     
ov]awe ! legislature1 & by exhibitions (
 viol5ce--n at all unlikely1 if p]mitt$ 
to develop into outrage & riot--to cause
 an organic & vital *ange to be made 9  
our ,con/itution & laws1 9 ord] t       
braz5-fac$ ,a!ism might display itself  
)9 ! walls ( ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t4  ,mr4 
,e4 ,d4 ,girdle/one writes3 ,if ! pres5t
 ,cab9et does n secure y\r admission to 
! ,h\se 9 "s way or o!r1 ,i c only wi%  
!y may soon be turn$ out ( (fice4 ,i    
don't "k :at m ,i c d ?an say1 ',g on6 &
 g 96'  ,aug4 #e?4--,mr4 ,bradlaugh's   
application at ,we/m9/] ,police ,c\rt = 
summons aga9/ ,inspector1 = hav+        
assault$ him at ! ,h\se ( ,commons on ! 

#crd in/41 refus$4  ,mr4 ,bradlaugh     
conf9$ to ! ,h\se ) sev]e erysipelas 9  
bo? arms1 result+ f ! injuries inflict$4
 ,att5d$ by ,drs4 ,ramskill & ,palfrey4 
,! latt]1 on ,augu/ #ab?1 ord]$ 8       
imm$iate removal f t[n1 to prev5t yet m 
dang]\s complications4  ,aug4           
#ac?4--,mr4 ,bradlaugh w5t to ,wor?+ to 
recruit 8 heal?4 ,outside ! /ation !re1 
we>y & exhau/$1 bo? arms 9 a sl+1 he 0  
rudely />$ at by a cl]gyman1 :o1 hav+   
satisfi$ himself z to ,mr4 ,bradlaugh's 
id5tity1 walk$ away say+ l\dly3 ,!re's  
,bradlaugh2 ,i hope !y'll make x w>m =  
him yet4  ,! ,nor!rn ,/> 7a ,tory pap]7 
sugge/$ t ,mr4 ,bradlaugh 0             
mal+]+--simply c>ry+ on ! %[man bus9ess4
  ,aug4 #bd?4--,sir ,h5ry ,tyl]1 9 !    
,h\se ( ,commons1 attempts to discr$it !
 ,s\? ,k5s+ton dep>tm5t = all[+ sci5ce &
 art classes at ! ,hall ( ,sci5ce4 ,mr4 
,mundella gives ^? classes great cr$it4 
,aug4 #bg?4--,p>liam5t prorogu$4  ,fur!r
 appeal to ,engl&4   #ahhb4  ,jan4      
#i?4--,! ,e>l ( ,d]by1 9 a spee* at !   

,liv]pool ,re=m ,club1 says3 ,= my "p ,i
 utt]ly disbelieve 9 ! value ( political
 oa?s4444 ,i %\ld hope t if ,mr4        
,bradlaugh aga9 (f]s to take ! oa?1 z he
 did la/ ye>1 !re w be no fur!r attempt 
to prev5t him4  ,feb4 #g?4--,reop5+ (   
,p>liam5t4 ,mr4 ,bradlaugh aga9 att5d$  
at ! table to take ! oa?1 & ,sir ,ersk9e
 ,may1 ! cl]k ( ! ,h\se1 0 ab\t to      
adm9i/] ! same :5 ,sir ,/af=d ,nor?cote1
 int]pos+1 mov$ t ,mr4 ,bradlaugh be n  
all[$ to g ?r\gh ! =m4 ,sir ,w4 ,h>c\rt1
 9 mov+ ! previ\s "q1 said ! ,gov]nm5t  
held ! view t ! ,h\se _h no "r to       
int]pose betwe5 a duly-elect$ memb] & ! 
oa?4  ,mr4 ,bradlaugh1 address+ ! ,h\se 
f ! b> = ! ?ird "t1 begg$ ! ,h\se to    
deal ) him ) "s semblance & %[ (        
legality & fairness4 ,he conclud$3 ,i   
want to obey ! law1 & ,i tell y h[ ,i   
might meet ! ,h\se /ill fur!r1 if !     
,h\se w p>don me = seem+ to advise x4   
,hon4 memb]s _h said t an ,affirmation  
,bill w\ld be a ,bradlaugh ,relief      
,bill4 ,bradlaugh is m pr\d ?an y are4  

,let ! ,bill pass )\t apply+ to         
elections t h tak5 place previ\sly1 & ,i
 w und]take n to claim my seat1 & :5 !  
,bill has pass$ ,i w apply = ! ,*ilt]n  
,hundr$s4 ,i h no fe>4 ,if ,i am n fit =
 my con/itu5ts !y %all dismiss me1 b y  
nev] %all4 ,! grave alone %all make me  
yield4  ,:5 a division 0 tak5 !re 7 = ! 
previ\s "q #bbh1 aga9/ #bhf4 ,mr4       
,samuel ,morley vot$ ) ! majority aga9/ 
! ,gov]nm5t4 ,sir ,/af=d ,nor?cote's    
motion 0 !n agre$ to )\t a division4    
,feb4 #h?4--,mr4 ,lab\*]e1 9 committee (
 ! :ole ,h\se1 propos$ = leave to br+ 9 
a ,bill to am5d ! law ( ,p>liam5t>y     
,oa?s & ,affirmations4 ,! ,bill 0       
aft]w>ds =mally block$ by ,mr4 ,molloy4 
,feb4 #ag?4--,mr4 ,lab\*]e ask$ !       
,attorney-,g5]al :e!r ! resolution (    
,feb4 #g? _h n vacat$ ! seat4 ,sir ,h5ry
 ,james answ]$ t x _h n4  ,feb4         
#ah?4--,mr4 ,glad/one writes ,mr4       
,bradlaugh t ! ,gov]nm5t h no measure to
 propose ) respect to 8 seat4  ,feb4    
#ba/4--,mr4 ,bradlaugh ( himself takes &

 subscribes ! oa?1 & takes 8 seat4      
,feb4 #bbnd4--,mr ,bradlaugh expell$ !  
,h\se ( ,commons4  ,m>4 #bnd--,re-elect$
 = ,nor?ampton4 ,= ,bradlaugh1 #c1gif2 =
 ,corbett1 #c1fhh4  ,m>4 #f?4--,on !    
motion ( ,sir ,/af=d ,nor?cote1 ! ,h\se 
reaffirms its motion ( ! #g? ,feb41 ,mr4
 ,glad/one support+ an am5dm5t mov$ by  
,mr4 ,m>joribanks1 by :i* ! ,h\se w\ld h
 decl>$ ! desirability ( legislation1 = 
! purpose ( giv+ memb]s an option betwe5
 oa? & affirmation4  ,m>4 #g?4--,"l     
,r$esdale introduces 9 ! ,h\se ( ,lords 
a ,bill1 requir+ e pe] & e memb] ( !    
,h\se ( ,commons be=e tak+ ! oa? or mak+
 ! affirmation1 to decl>e & affirm 8    
belief 9 ,almighty ,god4 ,! ,bill1      
introduc$ f a s5se ( :at 0 due to       
,almighty ,god1 0 aft]w>ds )drawn 9     
def]5ce to ,"l ,salisbury4  ,to ?is     
date1 #cag petitions ) #fb1afh          
signatures _h be5 pres5t$ aga9/ ,mr4    
,bradlaugh be+ all[$ to take 8 seat2    
:ile 9 favor ( ! same #a1jea1 ) #bej1hcc
 signatures1 _h be5 pres5t$4  ,mr4      

,lab\*]e's ,affirmation ,bill block$ by 
,e>l ,p]cy4   #ahhc  ,jan4 #aa?4--,mr4  
,ju/ice ,field gave judgm5t t !         
privileges ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons prev5t$ 
,mr4 ,bradlaugh f obta9+ any r$ress = ! 
assault ^u him on ,augu/ #crd1 #ahha4   
,feb4 #ae?4--,great demon/ration 9      
,trafalg> ,squ>e2 f eighty to "o hundr$ 
?\s& p pres5t4 7,ev5+ ,/&>d says        
#cj1jjj2 ,daily ,news1 #ej1jjj an h\r   
be=e ! meet+47 ,mr4 ,adams1 *airman2    
,rev4 ,w4 ,%>man1 ,jos4 ,ar*1 & ,mr4    
,bradlaugh1 speak]s4  ,op5+ ( ,p>liam5t4
 7,mr4 ,glad/one at ,cannes47 ,gov]nm5t 
give notice = to-morr[ = leave to       
introduce bill to am5d ! ,oa?s ,act1    
#ahff4 ,sir ,r4 ,cross gives notice (   
opposition on second read+ ( same4 ,mr4 
,bradlaugh cons5ts1 ) ! approval ( 8    
con/itu5ts1 express$ on ! #ac? in/41 to 
await ! fate ( ! measure4  ,feb4        
#af?4--,%>p succession ( frantic spee*es
 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons by ,mr4           
,newdegate1 ,ald]man ,f[l]1 ,mr4 ,w>ton1
 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,*apl91 ,mr4 ,onsl[1 ,mr4   

,gran?am1 ,mr4 ,b]es=d ,hope1 ,"l ,h4   
,l5nox1 ,"l ,c4 ,hamilton1 ,mr4 ,a4     
,balf\r1 ,mr4 ,a%mead ,b>tlett1 & ,mr4  
,a4 ,o',connor4 ,divisions3 f two to    
?ree to "o = ,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,m>quis (    
,h>t+ton cons5ts to adj\rn ! motion =   
,bill until ,monday at twelve4  ,feb4   
#ah?4--,! ,obs]v] says t :5             
,cons]vatives ask ,lib]als :e!r !y      
really mean to alt] ! law = ! purpose ( 
admitt+ ,mr4 ,bradlaugh1 x is fair =    
,lib]als 9 turn to ask ,cons]vatives    
:e!r !y really mean to ma9ta9 an admitt$
 abuse & inju/ice = ! m]e purpose (     
exclud+ ,mr4 ,bradlaugh4  ,feb4         
#ai?4--,fir/ read+ ( ,bill c>ri$ on     
division by #ahd votes to #ec2 second   
read+ =mally fix$ = t night week4  ,feb4
 #bj?4--,daily ,news says ,bill w be    
c>ri$ by l>ge majorities1 & w be reg>d$ 
by ! ,h\se & ! c\ntry z ! appropriate   
settlem5t ( an un=tunate controv]sy4  ,!
 ,times says ! lead]s ( ! opposition w n
 succe$ 9 f9ally prev5t+ ! ,bill f      
becom+ law4 ,its real conc]n is t ,mr4  

,bradlaugh has be5 sub/antially 9 ! "r2 
t he has be5 unju/ly exclud$ f tak+ !   
seat :i* belongs to him4  ,! ,morn+     
,adv]tis] ?9ks ! ,gov]nm5t may yet f9d x
 difficult to p]suade ! ,h\se to adopt !
 ,bill4  ,! ,morn+ ,po/ ju/ifies !      
irregul> opposition to ! fir/ read+ ( ! 
,bill1 & ?9ks notice ( ! measure %\ld h 
be5 giv5 9 ! ,que5's ,spee*4 ,no measure
 _h creat$ m excitem5t or rais$ m       
indignation 9 ! c\ntry1 :i* desir$ to   
see x reject$ by a decisive majority4   
,m>* #e?4--,appeal case ,bradlaugh v4   
,cl>ke "p he>d be=e ! ,h\se ( ,lords4   
,m>* #f?4--,case conclud$2 judgm5t      
def]r$4  ,m>* #i?4--,action =           
ma9t5ance--,bradlaugh v4                
,newdegate--tri$ be=e ,"l ,col]idge & a 
special jury4 ,h5ry ,lewis ,cl>ke1 !    
common in=m]1 swore t he _h n ! means to
 pay ! co/s1 & w\ld n h br\ght ! action 
if he _h n be5 indemnifi$ by ,mr4       
,newdegate4 ,case adj\rn$ = argum5t (   
legal po9ts4  ,m>* #ag?4--,ma9t5ance    
action argu$2 f\r c\nsel appe>+ = ,mr4  

,newdegate4 ,"l ,col]idge res]v$        
judgm5t4  ,m>* #bj?4--,! ,solicitors to 
! ,treasury compell$ ,mr4 ,bradlaugh to 
pay ! co/s ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons 9 !     
action aga9/ ! deputy ,s]geant-at-,arms4
     ,,transcrib]s' ,,notes    ,page    
#eh1 #ei3 ,v>iable spell+ ( ,*ipp+      
,wicomb_/,wycomb z 9 !    orig9al  ,page
 #fb3 4 add$ aft] br\ght up 9 cu/ody    
,page #gj3  add$ aft] 'conclud+ ) !     
words ,s help me1 ,god'  ,page #ge3     
remov$ aft] '#bg ,l4 ,j41 ,q4 ,b41      
#aie4'  ,page #hc3 aseembly correct$ to 
assembly aft] may say aga91 t ?is  ,page
 #hh3 ,extra ! remov$ f lay x be=e ! !  
,judges  ,page #if3  add$ aft] '! man :o
 /&s be=e !m--7'  ,page #ajj 7,a        
,c>d9al's ,brok5 ,oa? ,page #b73 4 add$ 
aft] ,e4,c  ,page #ajd 7,a ,c>d9al's    
,brok5 ,oa? ,page #f73 inu5does z 9 !   
orig9al  ,page #aaa 7,nor?ampton & !    
,h\se ( ,commons ,page #e73 1 correct$  
to 4    aft] p]sonally give su* und]tak+
  ,page #aac 7,nor?ampton & ! ,h\se (   
,commons ,page #g73 4 add$ aft]    sitt+

 )9 its walls  ,page #aba 7,nor?ampton &
 ! ,h\se ( ,commons ,page #ae73         
correct$ to    ' aft] heirs &           
successors1 accord+ to law1  ,page #abg 
7,di>y ( ! ,nor?ampton ,/ruggle ,page   
#e73 4 add$ aft]    'p]sons s admitt$1  
etc'  ,page #acc 7,di>y ( ! ,nor?ampton 
,/ruggle ,page #aa73 v4 italicis$ =     
consi/5cy aft] ,! case ( ,cl>ke  ,page  
#adj 7,di>y ( ! ,nor?ampton ,/ruggle    
,page #ah73 v4 italicis$ =    consi/5cy 
aft] ,appeal case ,bradlaugh & aft]     
,action =    ma9t5ance--,bradlaugh      
,g5]al3 ,v>iable spell+ (               
,s]jeant-at-,arms_/,s]geant-at-,arms z 9
    ! orig9al  ,g5]al3 ,!re are sev]al  
words1 :i* w\ld normally h be5 spelt    
) a u 9 ,briti% ,engli%1 :i* h be5 spelt
 )\t 9 !    orig9al text e4g4 humor1    
endeavor$1 savor4 ,^! spell+s h be5     
pres]v$4  ,g5]al3 ,v>iable spell+ (     
,lewis ,price_/,pryse z 9 ! orig9al