,digital ,libr>y47 ,,indian ,,sc\t ,,talks ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,! ,,au?or1 ,,dr4 ,,*>les ,a4 ,,ea/man 7,,ohiyesa74 ,,indian ,,sc\t ,,talks ,a ,,guide ,,= ,,boy ,,sc\ts ,,& ,,camp ,,fire ,,girls ,,by ,,*>les ,a4 ,,ea/man 7,,ohiyes7 ,au?or ( ,wigwam ,ev5+s1 etc4 ,,bo/on ,,little1 ,,br[n1 ,,& ,,company #aiad ,copyright1 #aiad1 ,by ,little1 ,br[n1 & ,company4 ,all rights res]v$ ,publi%$1 ,septemb]1 #aiad ,,! ,,colonial ,,press ,c4 ,h4 ,,simonds ,,co41 ,,bo/on1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,^! *apt]s repres5t ! actual exp]i5ces & fir/-h& k ( ! au?or4 ,8 tra9+ 0 along ^! l9es1 until he 0 ne>ly sixte5 ye>s ( age4 ,x is ) ! e>ne/ hope t !y may prove useful to all :o v5ture into ! wild]ness 9 pursuit ( wisdom1 heal?1 & pleasure1 t !y are d$icat$ to ,! ,boy ,sc\ts ( ,am]ica & ,! ,camp ,fire ,girls ( ,am]ica ,,ackn[l$gm5t ,! au?or ackn[l$ges ! c\rtesy ( ,boys' ,life1 ,! ,boy's ,_w1 ,! ,*ur*man1 ,! ,y\?'s ,companion1 & ,/4 ,ni*olas1 9 p]mitt+ ! use ( *apt]s ( ?is book :i* fir/ appe>$ 9 _! pages4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,at ,home ,) ,nature #a ,,ii4 ,indian ,me?ods ( ,physical ,tra9+ #g ,,iii4 ,h[ to ,make ,fri5ds ,) ,wild ,animals #ae ,,iv4 ,! ,language ( ,footpr9ts #be ,v4 ,hunt+ ,) ,sl+-%ot & ,b[ & ,arr[ #cd ,,vi4 ,primitive ,modes ( ,trapp+ & ,fi%+ #db ,,vii4 ,h[ to ,make & ,h&le ,indian ,canoes #dh ,,viii4 ,! ,camp ,site & ! ,c>ry #ee ,,ix4 ,h[ to ,build ,wigwams & ,%elt]s #fa ,x4 ,fire ,)\t ,mat*es & ,cook+ ,)\t ,pots #fi ,,xi4 ,h[ to ,make & ,foll[ a ,blaz$ ,trail #gg ,,xii4 ,indian ,signals 9 ,camp & ,field #he ,,xiii4 ,an ,indian ,boy's ,sports #ia ,,xiv4 ,a ,w9t] ,masque #ii ,,xv4 ,an ,indian ,girl's ,sports #ajf ,,xvi4 ,indian ,names & ,_! ,significance #aab ,,xvii4 ,indian ,girls' ,names & ,symbolic ,decorations #abj ,,xviii4 ,! ,language ( ,fea!rs & ,c]emonial ,dress #abf ,,xix4 ,indian ,c]emonies = ,boy ,sc\ts #acg ,,xx4 ,! ,maid5s' ,fea/3 ,a ,c]emony = ,girls #adf ,,xxi4 ,! ,ge/ure-language ( ! ,indian #aea ,,xxii4 ,indian ,picture-writ+ #aei ,,xxiii4 ,wood-craft & ,wea!r ,wisdom #afh ,,xxiv4 ,! ,art ( ,/ory-tell+ #age ,,xxv4 ,etiquette ( ! ,wigwam #ahb ,,xxvi4 ,tra9+ = ,s]vice #ahh ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,portrait ( ! ,au?or1 ,dr4 ,*>les ,a4 ,ea/man ,frontispiece #a4 ,me?od ( ,track+ a ,moose #cb #b4 ,framework ( ! ,wigwam #fb #c4 ,! ,wigwam #fc #d4 ,framework ( ! ,teepee #fe #e4 ,! ,teepee #fe #f4 ,implem5ts = ,mak+ a ,fire ,)\t ,mat*es #gj #g4 ,mak+ ! ,fire #ga #h-aj4 ,gr\nd ,arr[s #id #aa4 ,indian ,symbol = ! ,home #abj #ab4 ,indian ,symbol = ! ,f\r ,po9ts ( ! ,compass #aba #ac4 ,indian ,symbol = ,life ,"h & ,"h-aft] #aba #ad4 ,indian ,symbol = ,happ9ess 9 ! ,home #aba #ae4 ,indian ,symbol = ,et]nal ,union #aba #af4 ,indian ,symbol = ,footpr9ts #aba #ag4 ,indian ,symbol = ,lightn+ or ,de/ruction #abb #ah4 ,indian ,symbol = ,m\nta9s or ,pray] #abb #ai4 ,figure ( ! ,?und]-,bird #adc #bj4 ,! ,peace ,pipe #ade #ba-bf4 ,indian ,picture ,writ+s #afj ,i--,,at ,,home ,,) ,,nature ,to be 9 h>mony ) nature1 "o mu/ be true 9 ?\ght1 free 9 action1 & clean 9 body1 m9d1 & _s4 ,?is is ! solid granite f\ndation ( "*4 ,h y ev] wond]$ :y mo/ great m5 7 born 9 humble homes & pass$ _! e>ly y\? 9 ! op5 c\ntry8 ,!re a boy is accu/om$ to see ! sun rise & set e day2 !re rocks & trees are p]sonal fri5ds1 & 8 geography is born ) him1 = he c>ries a map ( ! region 9 8 head4 ,9 civilization !re are _m deaf e>s & bl9d eyes4 ,because ! av]age boy 9 ! t[n has be5 depriv$ ( close contact & intimacy ) nature1 :at he has le>n$ f books he soon =gets1 or is unable to apply4 ,all le>n+ is a dead language to him :o gets x at second h&4 ,x is necess>y t y %\ld live ) nature1 my boy fri5d1 if only t y may v]ify to y\r own satisfaction y\r s*oolroom lessons4 ,fur!r ?an ?is1 y may be able to correct "s error1 or ev5 to le>n some?+ t w be a real contribution to ! sum ( human k4 ,t is by no means impossible to a s9c]e obs]v]4 ,9 ! great laboratory ( nature !re are endless secrets yet to be discov]$4 ,we w foll[ ! ,indian me?od1 = ! ,am]ican ,indian is ! only man ,i "k :o accepts natural ?+s z lessons 9 !mselves1 direct f ! ,great ,giv] ( life4 ,yet !re exi/s 9 u1 z 9 y1 a dread ( /range ?+s & /range places2 light & d>kness1 /orm & calm1 affect our m9ds z !y d y\rs1 until we h le>n$ to famili>ize ourselves ) e>? & sky 9 _! h>%] aspects4 ,suppose t y are absolutely alone 9 ! great woods at night6 ,! ,indian boy is taught f babyhood n to fe> su* a situation1 = ! laws ( ! wild]ness mu/ necess>ily be "r & j1 & man is almo/ univ]sally respect$ by ! animals1 unless he himself is ! aggressor4 ,?is is ! normal attitude ( tru/ 9 our surr\nd+s1 bo? animate & inanimate2 & if our own attitude is normal1 ! environm5t at once becomes s4 ,x is true t an innate s5se ( precaution makes u fe> :at is /range2 x is equally true t simplicity & fai? 9 ! natural w9s 9 ! end4 ,i w tell y h[ ,i 0 tra9$1 z a boy1 to ov]come ! t]ror ( d>kness & lonel9ess4 ,my uncle1 :o 0 my fir/ tea*]1 0 accu/om$ to s5d me out f our night camp 9 se>* ( wat]4 ,z we liv$ a rov+ life 9 pursuit ( game1 my err& l$ me (t5 into pa?less & unfamili> woods4 ,:ile yet v "y1 all ! manhood & self-reliance 9 me 0 call$ =? by ?is te/4 ,y c imag9e h[ ,i felt z ,i pu%$ =w>d alone into ! blackness1 consci\s ( real dang] f possible wild bea/s & lurk+ foes4 ,h[ ?rill+1 h[ tantaliz+ ! cry ( ! scree*-owl6 ,ev5 ! ru/l+ ( a leaf or ! snapp+ ( a dry twig "u foot s5t a *ill ?r\gh my body4 ,novice t ,i 01 ,i did n at once realize t x is z easy z swimm+2 all ,i ne$$ 0 confid5ce 9 myself & 9 ! elem5ts4 ,z ,i hurri$ ?r\gh ! =e/ 9 ! direction my uncle _h indicat$1 !re seem$ gradually to develop suffici5t light = me to di/+ui% ! trees along my way4 ,! return trip 0 easi]4 ,:51 z (t5 happ5$1 he s5t me = a second pailful1 no prote/ or appeal escap$ my lips1 ?anks to my previ\s tra9+ 9 sil5t ob$i5ce4 ,in/9ct help$ me1 z he _h =ese51 to foll[ ! trail ,i _h made1 & ! trees 7 already old acqua9tances4 ,i c\ld he> my own brea?+ 9 ! sil5ce2 my footfall & he>t-beat s\nd$ z ?\gh !y 7 ^? ( ano!r p]son com+ beh9d me1 & :ile ?is di/urb$ me at fir/1 ,i quickly became accu/om$ to x4 ,v soon ,i le>n$ to di/+ui% diff]5t k9ds ( trees by ! ru/l+ ( _! leaves 9 ! breeze :i* is caus$ by ! /ir ( man or animal4 ,if y c accu/om y\rself to travel at night1 h[ mu* m y w be able to see & appreciate 9 ! daytime6 ,y w become m s5sible ( ! unse5 pres5ces all ab\t y & und]/& bett] ! communications ( ! wild creatures4 ,once y h ?r[n (f ! h&icap ( physical fe>1 !re w develop a feel+ ( sympa!tic w>m?1 unkn[n be=e4 ,9 ! ev5t ( sudd5 dang]1 ,i 0 taught to rema9 p]fectly motionless--a dead pause = ! body1 :ile ! m9d acts quickly yet /eadily1 plann+ a means ( escape4 ,if ,i discov] ! enemy fir/1 ,i may be pass$ undiscov]$4 ,?is rule is foll[$ by ! animals z well4 ,y w f9d x /rictly obs]v$ by ! "y ones :o are hidd5 by _! "m be=e !y are able to run ) h]2 & !y are made to close _! eyes also4 ,! %9+ pupil ( ! eye is a great give-away4 ,x is wond]ful h[ quickly & easily "o c adju/ himself to 8 surr\nd+s 9 wild life4 ,h[ g5tle is ! wild man :5 at peace6 ,h[ quick & ma/]ful 9 action6 ,l him1 we mu/ keep nature's laws1 develop a s\nd1 :olesome body1 & ma9ta9 an al]t & critical m9d4 ,^u ?is basis1 let u foll[ ! trail ( ! ,indian 9 8 se>* = an e>?ly p>adise6 ,,ii--,,indian ,,me?ods ,,( ,,physical ,,tra9+ ,! desire to be a man--! native _s ( ! explor] & ! h]o--?is is ! /rong inn] motive :i* leads a boy out on ! wild]ness trail to discov] ! _w anew4 ,fir/ ( all1 he discov]s :at he himself mu/ be 9 ord] to ov]come difficulties1 to resi/ pa9 & h>d%ip1 & to w9 ! object ( 8 que/4 ,) ^! impulses at _! pure/ & /ronge/1 ! ,indian boy beg9s 8 c>e] ) ! build+ ( a s\nd & effici5t body4 ,! riv]s & lakes pres5t !mselves z ob/acles 9 8 pa?1 & z a v "y *ild he />ts 9 to swim1 z naturally1 almo/1 z he beg9s to walk4 ,! writ] b>ely rememb]s /&+ on ! :ite1 pebbly bea* ) 8 gr&fa!r at 8 side2 /&+ sil5t1 full ( s9c]e rev]5ce = ! _s ( ! deep1 z he /ood be=e ! t[]+ cliff1 or ! maje/ic1 solit>y tree4 ,9 advance ( e und]tak+1 ! ,indian loves to meet ?us ! all-p]vad+ ,_s 9 ! attitude ( wordless pray]4 ,n[ ! gr&fa!r makes ! plunge ) a boyi% %\t4 ,see1 see6 he calls to ! boy z he comes up1 brea?less & exultant1 f 8 dive4 ,i am happy z ,i lie "h cradl$ by ! yield+ wat]4 ,y c be z happy1 if y w b make up y\r m9d to try6 ,d y see ! idea8 ,! simple ef=t1 ! plunge1 t is ! important ?+4 ,! boy is nei!r fright5$ nor =c$2 he foll[s soon ( 8 own accord1 & ! lesson is begun aright "u ! eye ( an exp]i5c$ ma/]4 ,z ! *ild gr[s1 he becomes m & m exp]t & d>+2 f ?is "t on he eag]ly seeks p]fection 9 8 new art4 ,8 idea ( p]fection is1 fir/1 endurance1 !n swiftness2 grace & =m come naturally :ile aim+ at ^! two4 ,!re=e he swims at all times1 9 r\gh wat] & aga9/ /rong curr5ts4 ,:5 "s day he is ca/ sudd5ly into ! wat] at a disadvantage1 w\nd$1 x may be1 or oblig$ to swim long "u wat] 9 ord] to escape ! enemy1 he kn[s h[ to utilize 8 /r5g? to ! utmo/1 & (t5 ov]comes trem5d\s odds ) ! rem>kable tact & skill ( ! ,indian a?lete4 ,cle> y\r m9d ( all dread & suspicion2 ?is is ! fir/ /ep 9 ! wild]ness life4 ,?9k n ! wat] w dr[n y1 or t any?+ 9 ! wat] or on l& w bite or poison y4 ,h confid5ce 9 nature & y\rself4 ,p]haps ?ree-f\r?s ( y\r physical failures are due to lack ( n]ve & w-p[]4 ,x is n my purpose to tea* y to swim1 b to tell y h[ to use ! art ( swimm+ t[>d p]fect+ an out-(-door body & a logical m9d4 ,! ,indian swims freely at all seasons ( ! ye> :5 ! wat] is op54 ,! usual me?od ( ba?+ 9 w9t] is to g into a sweat lodge 7! orig9al ,turki% ba?7 = five or m m9utes2 !n he jumps into a hole 9 ! ice1 :i* he has cut l>ge en\gh to ent] safely1 & comes out 9 a few m9utes4 ,aft] a %ort run1 he wraps himself 9 a buffalo robe ) ! hair inside & sleeps = a :ile4 ,?is makes him a new man4 ,! ,indian boy (t5 rolls 9 ! sn[ nak$ :5 fre% sn[ is on ! gr\nd4 ,a p]fectly tra9$ outdoor man has mu* natural heat 9 8 body1 & c g5]ate mu* m by ex]cise4 ,little clo?+ is actually ne$$1 & ,i h se5 ,indians sleep all night )\t cov]+1 9 fairly cool wea!r at t4 ,mu* dep5ds ^u habit & e>ly tra9+2 yet x is q possible to le>n new habits aft] "o is well gr[n4 ,"o ( ! fir/ ?+s to d is to accu/om y\rself to lie on ! gr\nd until y\r muscles make ! necess>y adju/m5t to its h>dness & unev5ness1 & y c re/ 9 com=t4 ,d n worry ab\t snakes or insects2 !y w r>ely d y h>m2 nor is !re any dang] f dampness1 once y are 9 tra9+4 ,a few ev]gre5 b\ghs ov] froz5 or wet gr\nd are protection en\gh4 ,! be/ way to sleep 9 camp is feet t[>d ! fire4 ,!re are sev]al reasons = ?is4 ,if1 by any mis*ance1 ! fire escapes1 y\r feet are v s5sitive & w awak5 y 9 "t4 ,also1 x is easy to get up )\t di/urb+ any "o4 ,! ,indian mu/ always ar\se e fib] ( 8 body be=e he beg9s ! day4 ,! fir/ ?+ he does :5 he awakes is to /ret* e limb to ! utmo/1 & f9ally ! entire body4 ,he takes pleasure 9 ! mo/ trem5d\s yawns4 ,he rises & />ts up ! fire2 !n he runs to ! ne>e/ /ream or lake %ore & ei!r plunges 9 or spla%es ! fre% cold wat] ^u 8 face1 *e/1 & arms4 ,(t5 he holds 8 face & eyes "u wat] = sev]al seconds4 ,aft] t1 he r9ses 8 m\? & ?roat1 rubs himself vigor\sly ) ! palms ( 8 h&s1 & combs 8 hair1 ) ! placid pool or spr+ = 8 only mirror4 ,9 awak5+ 8 sleep+ body1 ! ,indian patt]ns aft] 8 animal fri5ds4 ,y w obs]ve t no dog gets up & walks (f )\t ?or\ghly /ret*+ himself1 f ! nose to ! tip ( 8 tail4 ,?is is an excell5t cure = e>ly morn+ laz9ess4 ,be=e w9t] sets 91 he beg9s to take ice-cold foot-ba?s1 & z soon z ! fir/ sn[ comes1 he walks b>efoot 9 x until he gets up a f9e gl[2 !n puts on w>m1 fur-l9$ moccas9s4 ,he is p]fectly able to enjoy life out-(-doors at any season ( ! ye>1 & has no use = ! artificial h\se-heat ( civilization4 ,if he wets 8 feet at any "t1 he puts dry hair or ev5 grass inside 8 moccas9s1 & runs until 8 feet are dry & w>m4 ,! ,indian's /oma* is v /rong1 & ?is is some?+ y %\ld look well to1 = mu* dep5ds ^u a p]fect dige/ion4 ,! tee? are valuable assi/ants1 & ^! he ex]cises vigor\sly on t\gh muscle & fib] & keeps !m clean )\t a too?bru%2 9 return !y give him excell5t s]vice4 ,he wa%es out 8 /oma* twice a ye>1 aft] fa/+ = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 by tak+ a mild decoction ( h]bs 9 a qu>t or two ( lukew>m wat] & !n tickl+ 8 ?roat ) a fea!r4 ,sometimes he repeats ! process4 ,8 be/ meal is 9 ! ev5+1 :5 he eats he>tily1 sometimes tak+ ano!r meal lat] 9 ! night4 ,8 breakfa/ is a light "o1 & if he expects to run mu*1 he eats no?+ at all4 ,at noon1 he cooks "s game = himself1 if conv5i5t4 ,an occasional %ort fa/ is enjo9$ ^u ! ,indian boy1 z a means ( develop+ 8 endurance & self-re/ra9t4 ,al?\gh tra9$ f babyhood to awak5 easily1 8 sleep is s\nd & sweet2 su* sleep z comes aft] a day ( heal?ful bodily ex]cise 9 ! op5 air1 :5 a good ev5+ meal & ! w>m? ( a *e]ful camp-fire br+ on t delici\s dr[s9ess to :i* x is a luxury to yield4 ,,iii--,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,fri5ds ,,) ,,wild ,,animals ,!re is 9 ! human m9d a deep-seat$ & n :olly reasonable suspicion ( ! sil5t p1 z ! ,indian calls ! wild animals1 m especially ( ! hunt+ or c>nivor\s animals4 ,!y1 on _! "p1 are equally cauti\s1 & take note ( ! sc5t z well z ! looks & actions ( ! p !y meet4 ,in/9ct is to !m a sure guide1 & :5 !y d v5ture to disobey h] voice1 !y almo/ always come to grief4 ,l *ildr51 ! animals are v curi\s1 &1 ev5 ?\gh t]rifi$1 !y w sometimes /op to inve/igate ! cause ( _! fright4 ,i h se51 9 ! old buffalo days ^u ! upp] ,miss\ri1 a coyote or gray wolf g unnotic$ by a h]d ( buffalo1 elk1 or ev5 ! timid antelope4 ,! reason = ?is is t x 0 n ! wolf's hunt+ season1 :i* is :5 !re are calves or fawns ) ! h]d4 ,%\ld a wolf come 9 sight at ?is "t1 e "m runs ) h] "y = safety1 & ! :ole h]d becomes excit$4 ,! wolf on ! op5 prairie & ! silv]-tip be>1 a ne> c\s9 to ! grizzly1 w sometimes take a fancy to keep company ) y = sev]al miles1 if he ?9ks y did n see him4 ,9 su* a case1 he w n foll[ y1 b keeps abrea/1 j f> en\gh away to avoid discov]y4 ,he w occasionally /op & wat* y f beh9d cov]2 b d n be al>m$6 ,he has no int5tion ( attack+ y4 ,probably he has a home & little ones n f> (f1 & wi%es to assure himself t ! /rang] has no designs ^u 8 peace4 ,x is well kn[n to ,indian hunt]s t no animal (f]s battle to man except "u v /rong provocation4 ,! grizzly be> is ! notable exception to ?is rule4 ,o!rs1 ev5 ! s-call$ f]oci\s bea/s1 ne$ n be fe>$ except :5 pu%$ to ! wall4 ,no d\bt y h be5 m or less influ5c$ by :at y h read 9 books ( adv5ture1 :i* are ma9ly highly spic$ fiction4 ,if ,i 7 to relate to y all ! fireside /ories ( ! wild ,indian1 ^: hunt]s 7 con/antly 9 ! field1 y w\ld f9d t h&-to-h& combats ) bea/s 7 few inde$4 ,if ! buffalo & o!r l>ge animals 7 aggressive 9 temp]1 :at *ance _h ! poor ,indian--on foot1 &1 be=e ! com+ ( ! ,european1 arm$ only ) b[ & arr[s or a bone spe>8 ,!re are sev]al ?+s1 !re=e1 :i* y may put d[n z g5]al tru?s4 ,fir/1 ! animals are accu/om$ to m9d /rictly _! own bus9ess & are n likely to int]f]e ) y unless y mole/ !m fir/4 ,second1 !re is a way to le>n ! peculi>ity ( ea* & make 8 acqua9tance4 ,?ird1 x is possible to influ5ce !m greatly1 ev5 9 critical circum/ances1 by firmness & self-control4 ,if ev] a grizzly be> happ5s to *>ge ^u y1 ) wide-op5 lips %[+ 8 p[]ful tee? & eyes fla%+ ) ang]1 h ! n]ve to /& y\r gr\nd6 ,)\t mov+ a muscle1 y\r eyes fix$ on 81 y may ?reat5 him ) a m]e %>p /ick1 & he w *ange 8 m9d4 ,he gr[ls1 b y d n answ] 8 *all5ge2 he concludes to pass on4 ,"h is a cle> demon/ration ( our ,indian axiom3 ,sil5ce is great] ?an spee*4 ,a few ye>s ago1 an in/ance ( ?is k9d came to my e>s among ! ,ass9ibo9e ,si\x4 ,f\r ,/>s1 a brave1 foll[$ "o side ( a deep gul* :ile 8 two companions 7 on ! o!r side1 hunt+ de]4 ,z he approa*$ ! rav9e1 :i* 0 full ( wild *]ry & plum bu%es1 8 fri5ds saw f ! opposite bank a female silv]-tip ) h] two ne>ly full-gr[n cubs lurk+ )9 ! ?icket4 ,!y made e ef=t to attract 8 att5tion1 b 9 va94 ,he walk$ "r d[n ! slope1 app>5tly to 8 dea?4 ,:5 ! ?ree be>s *>g$1 ,f\r ,/>s 0 tak5 completely by surprise1 b he %[$ no fe>4 ,he /opp$ %ort 9 8 tracks & assum$ a rigid pose1 8 old s+le-load+ musket ext5d$ f 8 %\ld]4 ,! be>s came on until !y c\ld pla9ly see 8 eyes2 !n !y paus$ & cr\*$1 display+ _! tee? & claws4 ,a puff ( smoke f ,f\r ,/>s' gun2 ! "m fell & roll$ on ! gr\nd4 ,! "y be>s leap$ savagely =w>d1 b ! "y man ripp$ (f 8 %irt & ?rew x 9 _! pa?1 caus+ !m to hesitate4 ,mean:ile1 z 8 ejector 0 brok51 he us$ a ramrod to pu% out ! %ell ( 8 c>tridge1 calmly re-load$ & fir$1 kill+ ! two4 ,"h 0 a h]o4 ,! odds 7 aga9/ him4 ,he knew ! peculi> weakness ( ! foe1 b to take advantage ( ?is k requir$ some?+ equally important--! n]ve ( a ma/] man6 ,i ne$ sc>cely tell y t ! animals are suspici\s ( man4 ,!y h e reason to be4 ,y mu/ h real love & sympa?y = !m & be consi/5t & /raight=w>d 9 y\r deal+s1 9 ord] to ga9 _! fri5d%ip4 ,!y w accept y\r peace-(f]+ ( food z soon z !y tru/ y1 & 9 _m cases _! confid5ce is n h>d to w94 ,"s w come to y :5 call$1 & a v int]e/+ in/ance ( ?is occurr$ la/ summ]1 at ! c\ntry home ( a fri5d ^u ! ,rock ,riv] 9 ,ill9ois4 ,:ile a gr\p ( u sat on ! v]&a1 ,i gave an imitation ( ! "m rabbit's :i/le2 &1 to our delight$ surprise1 a t9y rabbit crept out f "u ! big leaves ( "s plants ne> ! h\se4 ,x came tru/+ly up close to ! rail+1 & sat !re wat*+ u out ( its bright eyes until ,i gave ! cry ( ! coyote1 :5 ! little ?+ rac$ = cov]6 ,! "m's call & ! mat+ or lov]'s call ( diff]5t animals may be successfully imitat$ ) practice & ) or )\t ! use ( a bir*-b>k horn or o!r adjunct4 ,a good imitation is always answ]$ if 9 season1 & if ! animal call$ is )9 he>+4 ,on ! prairies & ! great lakes y c attract animals to y by means ( signals4 ,?is me?od is bas$ entirely ^u _! insatiable desire to inve/igate :atev] is /range to !m4 ,y may tie some?+ r$ to a long /ick & set x upright 9 full view ( antelopes1 y\rself ly+ motionless ne> by1 & !y w come v close to inspect x4 ,! s&-hill crane w d ! same2 & if y flap y\r hat or ! corn] ( a blanket :ile ly+ flat1 ! ,canadian geese w circle ab\t y & sometimes alight4 ,b ! great secret ( e/abli%+ int]c\rse ) wild animals is to rove 9 _! doma9 )\t do+ !m h>m4 ,9 ?is way !y come to "k y long be=e y h made _! acqua9tance4 ,i _c tell y h[ !y "k :5 to tru/ y1 b "k !y d6 ,if y are ne> a lake :]e wat]-f[l congregate1 take y\r canoe at ev5+ or 9 ! e>ly morn+ & paddle quietly "h & !re = sev]al days1 & ,i w gu>antee t y w be a privileg$ "* ^u t lake4 ,!y w m9d y no m ?an !y w\ld m9d a muskrat1 & y w h a spl5did opportunity to /udy ! "* & ways ( ea* species4 ,z to an individual or p]sonal fri5d%ip ) a wild creature1 ! be/ way is to br+ "o up f infancy1 yet all[ x p]fect fre$om4 ,9 ?is ! ,indian succe$$ rem>kably well2 & x 0 n uncommon = him to e/abli% an intimacy ) an adult animal or bird1 al?\gh ?is is a m difficult feat4 ,y mu/ be> 9 m9d t kn[+ a captive or dome/ic animal is n at all ! same ?+1 z _! habits & mann]s are /rongly influ5c$ by an artificial environm5t4 ,"o morn+ my fri5d ,simon ,bonga1 a ?ree-qu>t]s blood ,ojibway at ,lee* ,lake 9 ,m9nesota1 f\nd a baby fawn n m ?an ?irty y>ds f 8 h\se4 ,he took "s milk to x & left x !re4 ,! next day he took "s m1 & soon ! fawn w\ld dr9k f 8 h&4 ,aft] a few days1 he w\ld simply /& 9 8 doorway & give ! "m call4 ,! fawn w\ld run to him to be f$4 ,a little lat]1 n only he b 8 wife & *ildr5 7 able to /roke & pet ! little "o1 :i* cont9u$ to live 9 its native haunts1 b came regul>ly to ! h\se = food & a frolic4 ,! "m 0 se5 once or twice1 b made no tr\ble4 ,a ye> lat]1 ,i wrote to ,mr4 ,bonga & incid5tally ref]r$ to ! fawn4 ,he repli$3 ,%e is n[ a respectable "y lady doe1 & we are mu* atta*$ to h]4 ,%e has liv$ ! natural life & has yet all[$ h]self ! advantage ( intimate association ) human be+s1 :ile my fri5d & 8 family h kn[n ! *>m ( close famili>ity ) "o ( nature's mo/ graceful creations4 ,,iv--,,! ,,language ,,( ,,footpr9ts ,y h (t5 he>d x said t actions speak l\d] ?an words4 ,x is a fact t bo? volunt>y & involunt>y actions ( ! body tell truly ! m9d's purpose1 & ?is is :y ! ,indian /udies s assidu\sly e record ( ! com+s & go+s ( 8 fell[ creatures1 bo? animal & human4 ,! footpr9t1 ,i want y to be> 9 m9d1 is fir/ ( all a picture ( all ! prom95t po9ts on ! sole4 ,! ball ( ! foot1 ! heel & toes1 ho( & claw1 ea* makes its own impress4 ,ev5 ! fi%es make !irs ) _! f9s1 :i* to !m are h& & foot4 ,?is is ! wood-dwell]'s autograph4 ,m ?an ?is1 ea* s]ies ( footpr9ts tells a bit ( hi/ory1 p]haps betrays a secret to ! in/ruct$ eye1 & ! natural ,indian did n neglect to drill 8 *ild ?or\ghly 9 ?is important bran* ( le>n+4 ,i w n[ ask y to ent] ! =e/ ) me4 ,fir/1 scan ! horizon & look deep into ! blue vault above y1 to adju/ y\r n]ves & ! muscles ( y\r eye1 j z y d o!r muscles by /ret*+ !m4 ,!re is /ill ano!r po9t4 ,y h spread a blank ^u ! ret9a1 & y h cle>$ ! decks ( y\r m9d1 y\r s\l1 = action4 ,let u divide our sc\ts into small gr\ps2 "o alone is sometimes be/1 :5 y are pretty well advanc$ 9 ?is /udy1 b at fir/ two or ?ree1 ) a head sc\t or tea*]1 w d4 ,we w assume t y h pass$ ! prim>y te/2 t is1 y h le>n$ to recognize ! footpr9ts ( mice1 birds1 squirrels1 rabbits1 & p]haps to "s ext5t ! next set1 ^? ( ! dog1 ! cat1 ! fox1 & ! wolf4 ,x is a crisp w9t] morn+1 & ^u ! gli/5+ fre% sn[ we see ev]y:]e ! /ory ( ! e>ly h\rs--n[ cle> & pla91 n[ tangl$ & illegible--:]e e travel] has left 8 m>k ^u ! clean1 :ite surface = y to deciph]4 ,! fir/ "q is3 ,:o is he8 ,! second3 ,:]e is he n[8 ,ar\nd ^! two po9ts y mu/ proce$ to con/ruct y\r /ory4 ,if ! sn[ is n deep1 ! impr9t ( ! toes & ev5 ! claw m>ks are v di/9ct1 b 9 deep1 s(t sn[ y h only ! holes made by ! foot & leg4 ,"s animals1 su* z ! c[1 drag _! feet1 :ile ! wolf k9d make a m>k mu* l ! pr9t ( a cane4 ,?is is also true ( ! cat family4 ,! di/+ui%+ diff]5ce is 9 ! gait1 z %[n 9 ! relative position ( ! footpr9ts1 & ?is is a matt] t calls = c>eful att5tion4 ,! break 9 ea* pr9t is usually great] beh9d ?an be=e1 & ?is tells y 9 :i* direction ! animal is go+4 ,! rabbit makes innum]able tracks z soon z x /ops sn[+1 & we may be sure t its burr[ is n f> di/ant1 = unless food is sc>ce or dang] imm95t1 !y w n leave _! own imm$iate locality4 ,z to l>g] animals1 love-affairs (t5 lead !m f> afield1 & wolves & be>s cov] mu* gr\nd2 yet ev5 !y h _! favorite haunts1 & !y are ma/]s ( _! map4 ,all ^! ?+s ! /ud5t ( footpr9ts %\ld be> 9 m9d4 ,x is ess5tial to e/imate z closely z y c h[ mu* ( a j\rney y w und]take if y det]m9e to foll[ a p>ticul> trail4 ,_m factors ent] into ?is4 ,:5 y come ^u ! trail1 y mu/ if possible asc]ta9 :5 x 0 made4 ,exam9e ! outl9e2 if t is undi/urb$1 & ! loose sn[ left on ! surface has n yet settl$1 ! track is v fre%1 z ev5 an inexp]i5c$ eye c tell4 ,next det]m9e ! sex1 & f9ally ! age1 if y c3 all ^! ent] into ! problem ( gett+ y\r game4 ,x is easy to tell ! sex ( ! de] family by _! footpr9ts2 ! female has %>p] ho(s & a n>r[] foot1 :ile ! male has r\nd$ po9ts to ! ho(s4 ,x w also be necess>y to consid] ! "t ( ye>4 ,x is ( no use to foll[ a buck :5 he />ts out on 8 travels 9 ! autumn1 & ) ! moose or elk x is ! same4 ,if ! track is a runn+ "o1 ! "q is3 ,0 x 9 play or 9 flight8 ,look at ! toes2 if !y are widely spread1 he 0 runn+ = sport & ex]cise2 if close toge!r1 x 0 a race = life4 ,_m animals = safety's sake g ?r\gh a s]ies ( maneuv]s be=e !y lie d[n to re/4 ,= in/ance1 at ! end ( ! trail !y make two loops1 & conceal !mselves at a po9t :]e ! pursu] mu/1 if he /icks to ! trail1 pass close by _! hid+-place & give timely w>n+ ( 8 approa*4 ,?is trick is *>act]i/ic ( ! de] & rabbit families4 ,! track+ ( an animal 9 summ] is naturally mu* m difficult ?an 9 w9t]1 unless ! footpr9ts are on s(t gr\nd4 ,! ,indian hunt] is !n ev5 ke5] 9 8 obs]vations2 he looks = ! displacem5t ( leaves & blades ( grass1 or = brok5 dry /icks4 ,^! slight displacem5ts w adju/ !mselves 9 a %ort "t1 to be sure2 b 9 hunt+1 ! fre% track is :at is want$4 ,o!r tracks are n mu* foll[$1 except ^? ( man or be> f :om dang] is to be fe>$4 ,a new trail1 especially "o made dur+ a dewy night1 is easy to trace ! next morn+1 & on ! op5 prairie ! reflection ( sun on ! grass blades helps1 s t sometimes a few paces away "o may see ! trail cle>ly4 ,ref]r+ to w9t] trail+1 ,i rememb] well an example ( p]fect accuracy set by my uncle1 :o 0 a fam\s hunt]4 ,i 0 !n a boy ( ab\t fifte51 liv+ 9 ! wilds ( ,manitoba4 ,we came sudd5ly ^u a moose track1 evid5tly made on ! day be=e1 z ! upturn$ sn[ 0 fro/$ ov] by a night's cold4 ,he /opp$ & survey$ ! lay ( ! c\ntry4 ,a little way ahead a rav9e l$ d[n to a lake1 ( :i* ! outlet 0 d5sely wood$ ) will[s & bir*es4 ,we foll[$ ! trail d[n ! rav9e & along ! lake %ore until we rea*$ ?is /ream1 & "h my uncle paus$ & climb$ a tree4 ,:5 he came d[n1 he exam9$ 8 gun & put 9 a fre% load1 !n proce$$ cauti\sly a few paces1 :5 we came ^u ano!r trail cross+ ! fir/ almo/ at "r angles4 ,x1 too1 0 a day old4 ,to my surprise1 my uncle n[ motion$ to me to /ay :]e ,i 01 & ?r[+ (f "s ( 8 g>m5ts & adju/+ 8 moccas9s1 he ran back on 8 trail4 ,i wait$ ab\t half an h\r1 :5 ,i he>d ! report ( 8 gun1 & soon aft] he return$ ) ! good news3 ,i got him6 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,! diagram %[s y h[ x 0 done4 ,! moose _h cov]$ 8 position by a sw++ loop1 & 0 ly+ d[n fac+ ! fir/ turn4 ,at t "t ( ye> !y may rema9 ?us = sev]al days4 ,he _h se5 t we did n ent] ! loop & felt safe4 ,my uncle1 kn[+ ! trick1 _h run back a hundr$ y>ds or s1 !n circl$ beh9d ! loop1 & approa*$ him f ! re>1 :]e he easily br\ght him d[n4 ,among ! ,indians1 ! /udy ( human footpr9ts 0 c>ri$ to a f9e po9t4 ,_m ( u w\ld be able to say at a glance1 ,"h goes ,s-&-,s1 ) p]fect accuracy4 ,ev5 ! *ildr5 w\ld recognize in/antly ! footpr9t ( a /rang] f ano!r tribe4 ,x 0 claim$ by "s t "* may be read f ! footpr9t1 j z "s :ite p und]take to read x f ! h&writ+1 on ! gr\nd t c]ta9 *>act]i/ic attitudes & motions ( ! body1 reflect+ m5tal peculi>ities1 affect ! gait & consequ5tly ! p$al autographs4 ,at any rate1 our p are close read]s ( "*1 & ,i d n hesitate to say t fai?ful /udy ( ! language ( footpr9ts 9 all its details w be c]ta9 to develop y\r insight z well z y\r p[]s ( obs]vation4 ,v--,,hunt+ ,,) ,,sl+-,,%ot ,,& ,,b[ ,,& ,,arr[ ,x is likely t ! e>lie/ weapon ( primitive man 0 t employ$ by ! %eph]d ,david1--! little r\nd pebble f ! brook4 ,x 0 n despis$ z a la/ resort by ! ,indians ( my day1 & we boys practis$ ) x cont9ually4 ,x 0 cu/om>y ) u to c>ry ab\t a doz5 or s small r\nd$ /ones 9 a special lea!r p\*4 ,we us$ s(t bucksk9 ?ongs ab\t eighte5 in*es long1 atta*$ to a piece ( flexible ra:ide "s two in*es squ>e1 b usually tap]$ to a po9t1 = ! sl+4 ,?is 0 our long di/ance gun2 b ! fir/ /ep t[>d le>n+ its use is ! ?r[+ ( /ones accurately by h&4 ,i rememb] :5 ,i 0 ab\t t5 ye>s old t my favorite playmate1 ,r$horn1 & ,i us$ to sp5d _m long morn+s p]fect+ ourselves 9 ?is art1 & we kept up our practice until we c\ld hit ! animal or object aim$ at z _m times z y boys w\ld ) a #bb or an air gun4 ,?is tra9+ ( ! eye toge!r ) ! muscles ( ! arm is ! fir/ ess5tial4 ,! next is to ?r[ ) all y\r /r5g? & /ill keep y\r aim true4 ,aft] ma/]+ ! ov]h& ?r[1 we practis$ sev]al o!r v>ieties1 includ+ "o /raight up 9 ! air1 :i* helps 9 ! developm5t ( wai/ & back muscles4 ,we boys hunt$ squirrels1 rabbits1 p>tridges1 & ducks ) /ones m]ely1 & (t5 succe$$ z well z if we _h _h arr[s or ev5 guns4 ,"o advantage ( ?is me?od is t x is sil5t & sc>cely di/urbs ! game4 ,x is especially lively 9 ! fall ( ! ye>1 :5 game is abundant & (t5 "y & inexp]i5c$4 ,at ?is "t we (t5 hunt$ 9 gr\ps4 ,9 case ( a p>ty ( six boys1 f\r w\ld take up positions on a po9t ( ! lake %ore1 :ile ! o!r two swam out into ! lake1 mak+ z mu* noise z possible & imitat+ ! screams ( ! hawk or eagle to fright5 ! ducks4 ,sometimes hundr$s w\ld rise ) a ?und] ( w+s & fly ov] our heads 9 l>ge flocks4 ,!n our innoc5t-look+ pebbles :i/l$ ?r\gh ! air l real bullets1 & at e volley sev]al ducks w\ld drop into ! wat] = ! swimm]s to pick up1 :ile flock foll[$ flock 9 quick succession4 ,at su* times we 7 happy & gave _m a w>-:oop & yell ( delight2 ?\gh x is true ! swimm]s 7 9 "s dang] f /ray %ots1 & _h (t5 to dive to escape ! missiles4 ,if ! ducks are wild1 !y may be deceiv$ by /ripp+ (f y\r clo?+1 daub+ y\r body ) mud1 & ly+ motionless on ! %ore4 ,:5 we _h kill$ en\gh1 we _h ! excitem5t ( *as+ ! w\nd$ ducks 9 ! wat]1 & at la/ we c\nt$ our bag & divid$ equally4 ,no boy :o is n a good %ot %\ld hunt 9 a gr\p ) o!rs1 z !re is dang] ( injur+ 8 companions4 ,^u ! we/]n prairies !re are 9 "s places small alkali lakes1 :]e few or no /ones are to be f\nd4 ,"h we us$ ! /icky alkali mud1 on ! end ( a pliable rod or will[ swit* p]haps two & a half feet long4 ,! lump is ab\t ! size ( a h5's egg & ! consi/5cy ( arti/'s clay4 ,x is ?r[n ) "o sw+ ( ! arm1 & z a rule only /uns ! duck1 s t x is necess>y to pick up y\r game aft] ea* volley1 o!rwise x may come to life & fly away4 ,9 an em]g5cy1 :5 no will[s 7 to be _h1 ! ,indian boy sometimes us$ 8 arr[1 fir/ remov+ ! head & ! fea!rs4 ,! ,indian uses a %ort] b[ ?an d mo/ primitive p4 ,! regulation hunt+-b[ is less ?an five feet long1 & "s ( ! mo/ conv5i5t ones are only f\r feet4 ,! be/ b[s are made ( "y elm1 oak1 hickory1 a%1 & dogwood4 ,ironwood is good1 b n commonly f\nd4 ,!re are also elk horn & ,rocky ,m\nta9 %eep horn b[s1 z well z buffalo rib b[s1 :i* are work$ to p]fect %ape by ! use ( /eam4 ,!y are usually made 9 two pieces1 are difficult to make1 & highly valu$4 ,! boy's ord9>y b[ is made ( any k9d ( wood1 b always t f a sapl+1 s z to get ! necess>y ela/icity4 ,! cont9u\s curve b[ is n approv$ by u1 z "o made ) concave ends & convex 9 ! middle is easi] to control & does n j]k ! arr[ (f its true direction4 ,z soon z ! ,indian has %ap$ x by :ittl+1 he dries x 9 prop] =m1 & oils x :ile season+ to keep x supple4 ,:5 ?or\ghly season$1 he f9i%es x by scrap+ & rubb+ ) ! natural s&/one4 ,he !n tightly w9ds ea* end & ! middle ) flat s9ew & not*es ! ends = ! b[/r+1 :i* is be/ made ( s9ew1 ?\gh wild hemp & o!r mat]ials are us$ on occasion4 ,9 all my wild life1 ,i nev] saw arr[s made ( split wood4 ,! "y *oke-*]ry & ,june-b]ry furni% mo/ ( ! arr[s1 ?\gh ! coa/ tribes sometimes use re$s4 ,! usual l5g? is tw5ty-eight in*es1 includ+ ! head4 ,!y are ab\t "o-f\r? ( an in* 9 diamet] & v light4 ,! man's arr[ is fea!r$ ) ?ree fea!rs five in*es long1 b mo/ boys' arr[s h b two fea!rs1 & ^! may be any:]e f two to five in*es long1 & mu/ curve ar\nd ! body ( ! arr[ 9 screw fa%ion1 o!rwise x w n fly /raight4 ,! ,indians made arr[-heads ( bone1 horn1 claws & bills ( birds1 & sometimes ( clam-%ells4 ,aft] ! com+ ( ! :ite man1 !y us$ iron4 ,! /one arr[-head 0 us$ app>5tly by an e>li] race1 = mo/ ( ^? t we pick up are too heavy = ! ,indian arr[4 ,z *ildr51 we (t5 play$ ) !m b nev] made practical use ( !m1 unless = %oot+ fi%4 ,inde$1 ! boy's arr[ ne$s no sep>ate head1 b is m]ely %>p5$ at ! po9t1 or has a knob at ! end1 9 :i* case x ne$s no fea!r4 ,?is is ! safe/ & mo/ conv5i5t weapon = %oot+ 9 ! woods1 = x br+s d[n all small birds & animals1 & is readily recov]$4 ,:5 y h made y\r own b[ & arr[s1 :i* y c easily d1 ! fir/ ?+ to le>n is ! correct position = ar*]y4 ,y\r attitude is t ( "o :o is ready to jump f a spr+-bo>d4 ,!n y mu/ accu/om y\rself to ! /r5g? & spr+ ( y\r b[1 & x is well to "k y\r arr[s individually1 _! swiftness & peculi>ities ( flight4 ,! highe/ success 9 m>ksman%ip dep5ds p>tly ^u "o's natural gifts1 yet fai?ful practice mu/ br+ a good degree ( satisfaction4 ,! arr[ does n al>m ! game1 is n dang]\s to ! hunt] or 8 companions1 & seems to be di/9ctly ! boy's weapon4 ,! exceptional ,indian1 ) 8 s9ew-back$1 f\r-foot b[ & bone-tipp$ arr[1 0 able to %oot cle> ?r\gh ! body ( a l>ge animal1 su* z elk or buffalo1 unless he *anc$ to hit bone4 ,all ,indians c\ld kill ! l>ge/ animal ) ?is conv5i5t weapon1 us+ ! quick (f-h& %ot4 ,y c le>n x1 too4 ,,vi--,,primitive ,,modes ,,( ,,trapp+ ,,& ,,fi%+ ,x is boy's in/9ct to try to outwit & capture wild animals4 ,?is is z true ( ! outdoor boy among ! :ites z ( ! ,indian boy4 ,! po9t ( int]e/ 9 ! ,indian boy's way is t he dep5ds m ^u 8 own +5uity & res\rces4 ,:ile he is try+ 8 gr&fa!r's tricks1 he (t5 devises a bett] "o4 ,! fir/ trapp+ t ,i ev] did 0 m]e *ildi% play1 engag$ 9 by ,indian boys ( sev5 to t5 ye>s old4 ,we sn>$ wild mice by plac+ slip-nooses ( horsehair or f9e s9ew across _! well-beat5 ?or\ghf>es4 ,h[ev]1 x is no easy ?+ to h&le a m\se ?us caught1 = he c & w fight ) 8 %>p tee?4 ,we us$ to turn !m loose ^u "s islet or 9 a mimic =t ( clay or s&1 to wat* & play )4 ,we also us$ ! slip-knot = birds1 especially cr[s & magpies1 :i* may be attract$ to ! sn>es by a bait ( fre% meat or corn4 ,a few cr[s may be caught & hung up to drive _! mates f ! maize fields2 or1 by ty+ y\r solit>y cr[ prison] 9 a lonely place1 he w summon all ! re/ to a p[-w[4 ,?is gives ! boy1 hidd5 ne> at h&1 a f9e opportunity to /udy _! ways4 ,we caught squirrels ) our b[/r+s1 on ! same pr9ciple z ! horsehair noose1 only 9 ?is case we /ay$ by ! trap1 & :5 ! squirrel put 8 head ?r\gh1 we pull$ on ! /r+4 ,?is works well ) gr\nd squirrels1 or goph]s1 & prairie dogs1 al?\gh 9 ! case ( ! latt] we sometimes caught "o ( 8 h\se-mates1 ! scree*-owl or rattle-snake1 in/ead4 ,! trapp+ ( rabbits is a simple affair4 ,a b5d$ sapl+ is secur$ above a rabbit run 9 su* a mann] t :5 ! victim runs 8 head 9 ! noose1 he is swung high 9 ! air4 ,p>tridges are caught 9 ! same fa%ion4 ,a novel device = cat*+ rabbits1 9 "t ( sc>city an important s\rce ( food supply1 is to scatt] l>ge1 %>p burrs along _! runs4 ,! burrs /ick fa/ to _! feet1 !y sit on _! haun*es to try to get !m (f1 & s fall an easy prey to ! boy hunt]s4 ,p]haps y w\ld l to try ! log deadfall4 ,to make ?is effective trap1 y ne$ a good knife or a hat*et--no?+ m4 ,fir/ drive into ! gr\nd f\r /akes ab\t ! size ( a broom-h&le1 "o pair on ei!r side ( a rabbit furr[1 if ?is is ! game y are aft]4 ,leave j en\gh room betwe5 ea* pair = a good-siz$ log1 :i* y may lay directly across ! pa?4 ,! /akes s]ve z gate-po/s to y\r trap1 & on ei!r side y build a slight b>ricade ( bru%4 ,next take two r\nd pegs & cut (f ! ends squ>ely at ab\t ?ree in*es long1 or long]1 accord+ to y\r game2 smoo? a place = !m at ei!r end ( ! log betwe5 ! /akes1 & ^u !m balance a second log1 :i* is p>tly support$ by ! two pairs ( /akes z well4 ,! ap]ture1 j big en\gh = a rabbit to squeeze ?r\gh1 is cross$ by sev]al hairs f a horse's tail ti$ to ! support+ p9s4 ,! unsuspect+ victim spr+s along1 knocks out ! und]p9n+1 & ! log falls ^u him4 ,= l>g] game1 su* z ! fox1 m9k1 or fi%]1 two m logs are us$1 "o end ( ea* re/+ ^u ! upp] log & ! free end on ! gr\nd4 ,?is gives extra weight to ! trap1 :i* may be bait$ ) a piece ( meat1 firmly atta*$ to a /r+ 9 su* a way t :5 ! animal tugs at ! bait1 ! p9s are pull$ out & ! trap falls4 ,indian m5 use ?is deadfall m ?an ! boys4 ,our fi%+ 0 ev5 m primitive1 s9ce we 7 n provid$ ) hook & l9e4 ,sometimes we w\ld select a conv5i5t wat]-hole & j bel[ x build a r\gh dam ( /icks & /ones 9 a ,v %ape1 ) ! nose po9t+ d[n-/ream4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ! dam we left a small op5+1 & j "u x hung a cage or basket r\ghly wov5 ( will[s1 project+ slightly above ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,x 0 great sport to wade ! brook f a po9t "s di/ance above ! dam1 pok+ "u ! banks ) long /icks & slapp+ ! wat] ) flat paddles1 s z to fright5 ! fi% & drive !m into our trap4 ,:5 ! basket 0 well fill$1 we %ut (f ! op5+ 9 ! dam ) logs or /ones1 & proce$$ to cat* ! fi% ) our b>e h&s1 sn>e1 or spe> !m4 ,if we did n c>e to g to ! tr\ble ( con/ruct+ a basket1 we simply drove ! fi% into a deep hole ) a rude dam bel[ to prev5t _! escape1 & caught !m by "o ( ! me?ods nam$1 or by %oot+ ) b[ & arr[4 ,b we 7 nev] all[$ to take m ?an we really ne$$4 ,if a surplus 7 caught1 we usually fre$ !m1 or /or$ !m 9 a small pond or spr+ :]e we c\ld /udy & play ) !m at our leisure4 ,! be/ "t = tak+ l>ge quantities ( fi%1 :i* may be dri$ or smok$ = future use1 is 9 spawn+ "t 9 e>ly spr+1 :5 mo/ fi%es migrate into %all[ wat] & are s sluggi% t !y may be knock$ on ! head ) a club4 ,at ?is season all k9ds ( wild hunt]s1 cr[s1 wolves1 wildcats1 m9ks1 ott]s1 come to ! outlets ( ! lakes or ! banks ( ! /reams = food1 & my p 7 n mu* beh9d !m 9 ?is4 ,! /reams ( my boyhood days 7 sometimes pack$ l a s>d9e c1 & we boys h m ?an once op5$ a way & sav$ l>ge numb]s ( fi% f suffocation4 ,,vii--,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,& ,,h&le ,,indian ,,canoes ,!re are sev]al diff]5t k9ds ( canoes made by ,indians1 ( :i* ! bir*-b>k canoe is ! mo/ g5]ally available4 ,! sk9 boats ( ! ,esquimaux are l>g] & are skilfully made1 b we are consid]+ "h only ! h&iwork ( our own ,indians4 ,! ,pla9s ,indians =m]ly us$ ! buffalo-sk9 boat1 call$ bull-boat1 b ?is is at be/ an em]g5cy vessel1 con/ruct$ only :5 !y 7 =c$ to cross a riv] too deep to =d & too wide to swim4 ,x c sc>cely be call$ a boat & might be t]m$ a raft ( sk9s1 = x _c be paddl$ l ! true canoe4 ,x is probably ! crude/ =m ( native craft4 ,! bull-boat is made ^u a framework ( will[ )es r\ghly wov5 into an oblong %ape1 us+ long poles = ! bottom to give ! necess>y firmness4 ,ov] ?is frame ra:ides are /ret*$1 & sew$ ) s9ew4 ,! seams are sme>$ ) tall[ or gum4 ,two or ?ree long /r+s are atta*$ to ! front end4 ,hav+ load$ ! unwieldy vessel to its full capacity ) h\sehold goods & *ildr51 "o or two p]sons w\ld /& 9 x ) long poles to %ove1 :ile two or ?ree o!rs swam ahead1 pull+ x by ! ropes1 & sometimes o!rs pu%$ f beh9d4 ,! bull-boat 0 easily capsiz$1 !re=e e precaution 0 tak5 aga9/ accid5t to ! preci\s c>go4 ,z soon z ! /ream 0 cross$1 x 0 tak5 ap>t1 & ! mat]ials put to o!r uses4 ,! dug\t is mu* us$ :]e bir*-b>k is n obta9able4 ,! tree1 pref]ably basswood1 cottonwood1 or s(t maple1 is select$ ) c>e1 ! trunk cut ! prop] l5g?1 twelve to sixte5 feet1 r\ghly %ap$ ext]nally1 & !n holl[$ out ) mu* pa9s4 ,"s ( ^! boats are v s]viceable1 & _m ,indians ?9k !m swift] z well z m durable ?an ! bir* canoe2 b x is n safe = a novice to und]take to h&le "o4 ,x is v graceful 9 ! h&s ( an exp]t ,indian canoei/1 b 9 "s respects /ill reta9s ! *>act]i/ics ( a log 9 wat]4 ,aft] ! introduction ( mod]n tools1 ! dug\t became common ?r\gh\t ! ,indian c\ntry1 :ile ! =e/ ,indian alone /ill clung to ! b>k canoe4 ,! :ite trapp]1 hunt]1 & explor] readily adopt$ ! conv5i5t dug\t1 b x has almo/ disappe>$ ) ^! avocations2 yet ! boy hunt] or camp] :o has ! requisite pati5ce c easily make 8 own4 ,! ,indian makes 8 dug\t by fir/ hew+ x r\ghly into ! %ape ( a boat1 !n mak+ crosswise cuts inside ( ! trunk ab\t a foot ap>t & splitt+ ! wood l5g?wise betwe5 ^! cuts until well holl[$ out4 ,aft] ?is he uses a small pickaxe to cut /ill deep]1 until ! walls are f f\r to six in*es 9 ?ickness2 f9ally he smoo?s ! surface ) a *isel4 ,on ! outside ! f9al "w is done ) ! draw-knife or ord9>y knife4 ,bone knives & %>p clam-%ells 7 us$ 9 primitive times4 ,fire may be us$ to dry & poli%4 ,our ,indian leaves 8 canoe to season suffici5tly aft] mak+ & be=e he laun*es x4 ,he oils x in/ead ( pa9t+1 z he has no pa9t4 ,8 paddles are %ap$ f any k9d ( light wood2 always two 9 numb]1 9 ord] t he may h an extra "o on h&4 ,! b>k canoe requires m skill & labor to make1 & is mu* m ornam5tal4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 y ne$ j ! "r k9d ( b>k1 & = ?is y mu/ se>* ?r\gh ! woods4 ,y mu/ unb>k _m trees to obta9 %eets ( uni=m ?ickness & ela/icity1 s\nd1 & ( ! prop] l5g? & wid?4 ,y w !n temp] & season !m by lay+ !m smoo?ly on ! gr\nd atop ( "o ano!r1 = "s days or ev5 weeks1 e alt]nate "o cross-gra9$1 & weight$ ) /ones or logs4 ,"s b>k is brittle & cracks easily1 & ?is mu/ be disc>d$4 ,9 e>ly spr+ :5 ! sap runs is ! be/ "t to ga!r b>k4 ,! next ?+ is to secure ! mat]ials = y\r framework4 ,! wood us$ is ! swamp or :ite c$>4 ,! ,indian cuts d[n sl5d]1 limbless ones & splits !m into conv5i5t l5g?s1 !n :ittles !m flat1 l bo>ds1 ab\t two to f\r in*es wide1 & seasons !m be=e !y are fully f9i%$4 ,! longe/ are us$ = brac+ ! canoe l5g?wise1 usually f\r to six on ! bottom & two to ?ree on ea* side1 beside ! rim4 ,! %ort] ones are laid crosswise = ! ribs1 a foot or m ap>t1 tap]+ to ei!r end4 ,! crosspieces are f\r 9 numb]4 ,! ,indian does n use ^! = seats1 b sits 9 ! bottom ( ! canoe4 ,8 canoe is f twelve to sixte5 feet long1 & some:at wid] ?an ! "o ! :ite man makes4 ,aft] collect+ & prep>+ y\r mat]ial1 drive /akes into ! gr\nd a foot ap>t 9 ! exact %ape ( a canoe1 & )9 ?is arrange y\r ribs & braces 9 ! prop] ord]1 & tie !m firmly toge!r ) ! long1 pliable roots ( ! swamp c$> or fir-tree4 ,sometimes /rips ( ! inn] lay] ( basswood b>k are us$ = ?is purpose4 ,:5 ! frame ( ! canoe is complete1 remove x1 & lay ! pieces ( bir*-b>k1 cut to ! patt]n & p>tially sew$ toge!r1 )9 ! pegg$-out space4 ,all[ a little = seams & fitt+4 ,n[ lay ! frame ^u ! cov]+1 turn ! latt] up & fit x smoo?ly1 z a dress is fitt$ to ! manik94 ,an awl is us$ = mak+ holes1 & ! dri$ c$> roots = sew+ ! b>k4 ,turn ! upp] edges inw>d ov] ! rim & sew !m closely ov] & ov]4 ,la/ly1 take out1 inv]t1 & caulk all ! seams well ) boil+ pit* outside1 & inside ) /urgeon blubb] or glue made by boil+ horn or ra:ide4 ,n[ y\r canoe is f9i%$ except = ! decoration1 :i* may consi/ ( figures drawn ) ! awl on ! s(t b>k1 or ( pa9t+s on b[ & /]n4 ,! conv5tionaliz$ figure ( "s wat]-f[l or fi%1 su* z ! swan1 loon1 or /urgeon1 =ms an appropriate emblem1 & may also s]ve to "n y\r craft4 ,,viii--,,! ,,camp ,,site ,,& ,,! ,,c>ry ,! ,indian ex]cises mu* +5uity 9 select+ a suitable camp site4 ,! fir/ ess5tials are wat] & fuel2 next comes sanitation & dra9age1 protection f ! elem5ts & f ready discov]y by possible foes2 f9ally1 beauty ( situation4 ,9 midsumm]1 :5 ,indians camp toge!r 9 great numb]s1 !y inv>iably *oose an ext5sive plateau1 ei!r on ! second>y bank ( a riv] or lake1 or ^u ! level bottom l&s ( "s l>ge /ream4 ,at ?is "t ( ! ye> ! gr\nd is dry1 & !re is no dang] f floods4 ,= ! w9t] camp1 !y pref] a protect$ site 9 deep woods1 ne> a l>ge riv] or lake4 ,9 ! case ( a small p>ty or a solit>y travel]1 concealm5t is ! fir/ pr9ciple to be obs]v$4 ,seclusion gives a s5se ( security1 b "o does n ne$ to sacrifice to x 8 /hetic s5se4 ,! ,indian is adept 9 select+ a mo/ beautiful spot :i* comm&s all approa*es1 or a hidd5 cove1 gu>d$ by curv+ %ores1 b v ne> a long-di/ance view :i* he keeps = 8 look-out4 ,9 ! heat ( ! summ] he (t5 pit*es 8 teepee ^u a high1 rocky po9t1 to get away f ! mosquitoes1 b takes c>e t he is protect$ by o!r heights 9 su* a way t any "o approa*+ mu/ come v ne> be=e he discov]s ! camp4 ,!re are usually conceal$ approa*es at ! back & sides t af=d a retreat 9 case ( dang]1 & also s]ve z %ort cuts on 8 return f hunt+ or trapp+4 ,9 8 =e/ life1 x is a matt] ( c\rse ) him to leave ! teepee poles j z !y /&1 remov+ only ! cov]+4 ,?is is n only a matt] ( conv5i5ce1 b x may cause ! enemy to delay & maneuv] :5 !y fir/ sight ! camp1 ?us giv+ him m "t to retreat4 ,(t5 ! w>-p>ty discov]s its mi/ake only aft] its int5d$ victims h be5 gone = "s h\rs4 ,9 case ( a ha/y retreat1 ! t5t is left /&+ undi/urb$ & ! log fire burn+ )91 s t ! smoke may be ma9ta9$ z long z possible aft] ! dep>ture ( ! inmates4 ,?is 0 a conv5i5t ruse 9 ! old days4 ,x is be/ 9 camp+ to build small fires4 ,?is rule is obs]v$ by all ,indians4 ,smoke may be se5 at a great di/ance1 especially on a cle> day1 & may be sc5t$ by ! ord9>y ,indian a long way (f1 if ! w9d is "r4 ,only 9 cold wea!r or = special purposes does ! ,indian indulge 9 a huge fire1 & 9 no case does he ev] leave x )\t see+ t x is entirely ext+ui%$4 ,if possible1 he builds x ^u ! rocks1 s t ! a%es may be remov$ by w9d & ra91 & ! gr\nd %[ no disfigurem5t4 ,:5 a p>ty camp toge!r1 ! t5ts are pit*$ 9 a circle4 ,! entrance to ! circle is always t[>d ! wat]+-place1 & ! c\ncil lodge is plac$ opposite ! entrance4 ,if ! p>ty is a l>ge "o1 !re may be m ?an "o circle1 ea* b& or clan hav+ its own4 ,:5 a camp is to break up1 x is decre$ on ! day be=e1 ! next camp site hav+ already be5 explor$ & select$ by m5 appo9t$ = t purpose4 ,"o ( ^! m5 may be nam$ to guide ! c>avan to ! *os5 spot4 ,! />t is made be=e daybreak1 & ! pack+ done mo/ exp$iti\sly & 9 accordance ) a well und]/ood sy/em1 :e!r wagons1 ponies1 dogs1 canoes1 or m5 are us$ to transport belong+s f place to place4 ,!re is no?+ slov5ly or haphaz>d ab\t ! ,indian's dome/ic economy1 & pack+ is an int]e/+ & important feature ( camp-craft4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 if y are to transport y\r own equipm5t1 y mu/ use ! c>ry+ /rap1 :i* consi/s ( two /r+s1 ea* f\r to five feet long1 atta*$ /rongly to ea* end ( ! flat *e/ & head pieces1 :i* are ab\t two in*es wide & long en\gh to encircle ! head & %\ld]s4 ,! goods are secur$ 9 a well-balanc$ roll or bundle1 & ?is bundle %\ld n be c>ri$ too l[4 ,place x to suit y\r /r5g? & com=t1 & d n let x sway or sw+4 ,x may be advisable to drop x & re/ n[ & !n1 if ! load is heavy or ! di/ance consid]able4 ,! ,indians c easily c>ry 9 ?is mann] all t is requir$ = an out+4 ,if y h packhorses1 y\r goods mu/ be made into bundles ( conv5i5t size & %ape to balance "o ano!r on ! two sides ( ! animal1 & well secur$ ) /rong /raps4 ,be=e ! ,indian obta9$ horses f ! ,spani% coloni/s1 he travel$ b a %ort day's j\rney1 & c>ri$ ) him only absolute necessities4 ,all h\sehold effects _h to be transport$ on ! back1 or by means ( ! dog travois4 ,9 fact1 ! travois 0 8 primitive vehicle = _m ye>s aft] ! adv5t ( ! horse4 ,x consi/s m]ely ( ! t5t poles & an oval basket1 nett$ f /rips ( ra:ide1 :i* is also us$ z a door = ! teepee4 ,"o pony c c>ry at mo/ eight poles1 f\r on a side4 ,^! are b\nd to ! saddle1 ! tips =m+ an angle above ! horse's head1 & ! free ends drag on ! gr\nd bel[ ! basket1 :i* conta9s all ! h\sehold goods1 & sometimes "y *ildr54 ,,ix--,,h[ ,,to ,,build ,,wigwams ,,& ,,%elt]s ,! ,indian family almo/ always c>ry ) !m ! necess>y equipm5t = mak+ camp1 b hunt]s & solit>y travel]s mu/ improvise some?+ f ! mat]ial at h&4 ,! p]man5t village is compos$ ( fairly sub/antial & ra9-pro( dwell+s1 call$ teepees1 wigwams1 & z _m names z !re are ,indian languages4 ,slight] %elt]s are quickly put up 9 an em]g5cy4 ,y w enjoy copy+ "s ( ^! = y\r tempor>y or regul> camp4 ,a sub/antial wigwam is built ( poles & b>k 9 ei!r six-sid$ or octagonal =m4 ,9 my day1 we us$ six poles cut (f at a =k ab\t t5 feet high4 ,^! are set two feet deep 9 ! gr\nd1 eight to twelve feet ap>t1 & jo9$ by o!r poles re/+ on ! =k$ ends4 ,?is =ms ! framework or hexagon4 ,!re are f\r m poles 9 ! c5t]1 =m+ a squ>e1 & also connect$ at ! top1 & 9 ! middle ( ?is little c\rt a %all[ hole is dug = a fireplace & l9$ ) flat /ones4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,! out] wall ( ! b>k h\se is ( split poles driv5 into ! gr\nd q close toge!r & neatly ov]laid ) ! b>k ( ! bir*1 elm1 or basswood1 9 /rips eight feet long by f\r to six feet wide4 ,! trees %\ld be peel$ if possible :5 ! sap fl[s 9 spr+1 & ! /rips spread "o ^u ano!r on ! gr\nd & weight$ ) /ones1 s z to dry smoo? & flat4 ,betwe5 e two inn] po/s is an outside po/ to support ! crosspieces1 light sapl+s :i* hold ! b>k 9 position4 ,y c also tie ^! crosspieces to ! split poles ) /rips ( t\gh c$> b>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,! ro( is made 9 ! same way ( split poles cov]$ ) b>k1 ! latt] ov]lapp+ l %+les1 s t x is wat]-pro(4 ,ov] ! fireplace is left an adju/able op5+1 to let out ! smoke & let 9 light & air4 ,! doorway is an op5+ 9 ! middle ( ! s\? side1 ?ree feet by six1 clos$ by a movable door ( b>k or ra:ide4 ,a d\ble r[ ( po/s ) =k$ ends1 ab\t f\r feet long & ! same di/ance ap>t1 are driv5 two feet deep into ! gr\nd ar\nd ?ree sides ( ! %ack on ! inside1 connect$ ) light] poles & crosspieces1 !n cov]$ ) smoo? b>k firmly ti$ 9 place4 ,"h are spread robes & blankets = b$s by night & a l\ng+-place by day4 ,!re %\ld be suffici5t space to move ab\t betwe5 ! bunks & ! fireplace4 ,?is k9d ( %ack may be ?at*$ ) co>se mead[ grass1 in/ead ( b>k1 if x is m conv5i5t to d s4 ,"s tribes make !m p>tly und]gr\nd = w>m? 9 w9t]1 & :5 completely cov]$ ) sods or e>? ! hexagon becomes a r\nd h\se4 ,! great] numb] ( ,indians1 h[ev]1 built conical wigwams4 ,if made ( ! mat]ials ,i h describ$1 x 0 cu/om>y to transport ! rolls ( b>k f place to place2 ! poles 7 cut at ea* new camp or left 9 place at ! old ones4 ,sometimes grass & ru%es 7 braid$ into mats & us$ z cov]+s & c>pets4 ,! ,pla9s ,indians us$ buffalo hides1 nicely tann$ & sew$ toge!r 9 semicircul> %ape4 ,! skeleton ( ! conical teepee is made by ty+ ?ree poles toge!r ne> ! top1 &1 :5 rais$1 sep>at+ !m to =m a tripod4 ,aga9/ ?is place 9 a circle z _m poles z y ?9k necess>y to support y\r out] cov]+ ( clo? or ?at*1 usually twelve to fifte54 ,if ( canvas1 ! cov]+ is ti$ to a pole & !n rais$ & wrapp$ ab\t ! framework & secur$ ) wood5 p9s to )9 ab\t ?ree feet ( ! gr\nd4 ,?is space is left = ! entrance & cov]$ by a movable door1 :i* may be m]ely a small blanket4 ,if y h no?+ bett]1 a quantity ( dry grass w make y a w>m b$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,suppose an ,indian brave />ts out alone1 or ) "o companion1 to lay 9 a supply ( meat or to trap = furs4 ,all ! outfit he really ne$s is 8 knife & hat*et1 b[ & arr[s1 ) p]haps a canoe1 accord+ to ! c\ntry he has to trav]se4 ,he proce$s on foot to a good camp+-place1 & !re builds 8 %elt] ( :atev] mat]ial is mo/ abundant4 ,if 9 ! woods1 he w\ld probably make x a lean-to1 :i* is con/ruct$ ?us3 ,9 a dry & protect$ spot1 f9d two trees ! "r di/ance ap>t & connect !m by poles laid ^u ! =ks ( ea* at a height ( ab\t eight feet4 ,?is =ms ! support ( y\r lean-to4 ,aga9/ ?is horizontal b> place small poles close toge!r1 driv+ _! ends 9 ! gr\nd1 & =m+ an angle ) ab\t ! slant ( an ord9>y ro(4 ,y c close 9 bo? sides1 or n1 z y *oose4 ,if y leave "o op51 build y\r fire opposite ! entrance1 ?us mak+ a *e]ful & airy op5-face camp4 ,?at* f ! gr\nd up ) ov]lapp+ r[s ( flat & ?ick ev]gre5 b\ghs1 & spread sev]al lay]s ( ! same = a spr+y & fragrant b$4 ,y c make a simil> %elt] ( grass or ru%es1 b 9 ?is case y mu/ h ! poles clos] toge!r4 ,! dome-%ap$ wigwam or wicki-up is made 9 a few m9utes almo/ any:]e by /ick+ into ! gr\nd 9 a circle a suffici5t numb] ( limb] poles1 su* z will[ w&s1 to make x ! size y ne$4 ,ea* pair ( opposites is b5t =w>d until !y meet1 & ! ends int]lock$ & ti$ firmly4 ,use any conv5i5t mat]ial = ! cov]+2 an extra blanket w d4 ,y c make any ( ^! t5t %elt]s ) no tool save y\r hat*et or /rong knife4 ,! object is to protect y\rself & y\r possessions f cold1 w9d1 ra91 & ! encroa*m5t ( animals4 ,z to ! la/1 h[ev]1 !y are n likely to tr\ble y unless v hungry1 & a fire is ! be/ protection4 ,he is ! natural & true man :o utilizes ev]y?+ t comes 9 8 way2 a cave1 a great holl[ tree1 ev5 an ov]hang+ rock s]ves = 8 tempor>y home1 or he *e]fully spreads 8 b$ "u ! />ry night sky4 ,x--,,fire ,,)\t ,,mat*es ,,& ,,cook+ ,,)\t ,,pots ,x is (t5 ( int]e/ to boys to make a fire 9 ! primitive way3 by friction2 p]haps to produce ! new fire = "s c]emonial occasion1 or x may be to w9 honors z a sc\t4 ,if a boy is fond ( wild]ness camp+1 x is possible t su* k may prove ( vital importance to him "s day1 = ev5 ! exp]i5c$ woodsman may be caught out )\t mat*es1 or may get 8 mat*es wet4 ,?is is ! way ! ,indians made fire be=e !y obta9$ mat*es or fl9t & /eel f ! :ite man1 & ! way ,i h _m times done x myself z a boy4 ,= tools y ne$ a block1 a drill1 a b[1 a socket1 & "s t9d]1 dry punk1 or cat-tail d[n1 all ( :i* y c make or f9d 9 ! woods4 ,= ! fir/1 take a smoo? piece ( p9e bo>d1 c$>1 basswood1 cottonwood1 or any o!r wood1 b ^! are s(t & easy to "w4 ,x %\ld be a foot long by two in*es wide & ab\t half an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,make a r\nd hole or pit 9 ! c5t] half ?r\gh ! bo>d4 ,f ?is hole cut a not* or groove to ! edge ( ! bo>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,= ! drill1 take a h>d wood /ick ab\t a foot long1 :ittl$ d[n at bo? ends to fit ! hole 9 block4 ,a piece ( wood two by six in*es ) a hole halfway ?r\gh its ?ickness to fit ! upp] end ( ! drill =ms ! socket4 ,if y h no b[ ) y1 make "o ( any limb] /ick two feet long1 ) a loose bucksk9 or o!r ?ong4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,n[ put a little t9d]--%r$d$ bir*-b>k or dry p9e-ne$les--along ! groove 9 y\r block & especially at its upp] end4 ,adju/ y\r fire-mak]1 w9d ! b[/r+ once ab\t ! drill1 place a foot on ea* end ( ! block :ile y\r left h& supports & presses d[n on ! socket1 & y\r "r saws ) ! b[/r+1 caus+ ! drill to revolve rapidly 9 ! hole4 ,?is friction 9 "t produces smoke & !n sp>ks1 :i*1 :5 y bl[ ^u !m1 ignite ! t9d]4 ,x is !n only a matt] ( suffici5t dry b>k & k9dl+ to make a good fire4 ,y _c fail aft] a little practice1 if y foll[ directions c>efully4 ,mr4 ,seton's record "t = mak+ fire 9 ?is way is ?irty-"o seconds1 b x w be m likely to take y f "o to ?ree m9utes1 ev5 aft] y h exp]im5t$ a little4 ,! ,indian or exp]t woodsman is nev] at a loss = dry fire mat]ial 9 ! wette/ woods4 ,he kn[s h[ to look = ! inside b>k ( ! bir* & ! inside ( dead /umps & logs2 & a good fire1 once k9dl$1 w burn on ev5 "u disc\rag+ circum/ances4 ,indian me?ods ( cook]y are ( int]e/ 9 camp1 m p>ticul>ly if ! common ut5sils h be5 disp5s$ ) z too cumb]some to c>ry4 ,nei!r pots1 pans1 nor di%es are ess5tial to a good meal 9 ! woods4 ,b]ries1 "s roots1 smok$ or sun-dri$ meats may be eat5 raw1 also eggs1 ?\gh ! latt] are pref]r$ cook$ by ! ,indian4 ,he is especially fond ( turtle eggs1 :i* are buri$ 9 ! s& along ! lake %ores & may be f\nd by se>*+ = !m ) a pole 9 ! spr+4 ,! simple/ me?od ( cook+ ?9 pieces ( meat is by broil+ ov] a b$ ( live coals1 ^u a long-h&l$ prong$ /ick or =k ( gre5 wood4 ,! meat is turn$ z (t5 z necess>y & is p]fectly done 9 a few m9utes4 ,roa/+ is done by spitt+ y\r haun* ( v5ison or o!r l>ge piece ( meat ^u a /ick two to f\r feet long & %>p5$ at bo? ends4 ,?is may be ?ru/ into ! gr\nd at ! "r di/ance f ! blaze & turn$ occasionally1 or susp5d$ ov] ! fire f a cross-b> ( gre5 wood by a hook$ /ick1 or plank$ aga9/ a flat rock incl9$ t[>d a hot fire4 ,! only me?od ( boil+ kn[n to ! ,indian be=e ! :ite man came ) iron & copp] kettles 0 crude b v +5i\s1 & is kn[n z /one-boil+4 ,we dug a hole 9 :i* we plac$ a doz5 or m r\nd /ones ( m$ium size1 & ov] ^! we built a good fire4 ,ab\t ! hole 9 a squ>e we drove f\r =k$ /icks ( gre5 wood1 & f ^! susp5d$ a squ>e piece ( tripe or ra:ide1 cutt+ a small hole 9 ea* corn] to admit ! prong ( ! support4 ,?is bag-kettle 0 !n half fill$ ) wat]4 ,! heat ( ! fire soon contract$ x1 & f "t to "t a r$-hot /one 0 lift$ f ! fire & dropp$ into ! wat] by means ( two /icks4 ,:5 ! wat] boil$1 we put 9 a small piece ( meat1 & by add+ n[ & !n ano!r piece & a hot /one1 & tak+ out ! meat z fa/ z cook$1 a savory boil 0 produc$4 ,we lik$ />*y roots or spicy leaves boil$ ) our meat1 & ( ^! we _h a v>iety to *oose f4 ,we _h also wild rice & hull$ corn1 b no bread4 ,:5 y wi% to hunt or to leave camp = any l5g? ( "t :ile y\r meal is cook+1 none ( ^! me?ods w d1 & y _h bett] resort to cas+ ! food 9 wet clay & bury+ fairly deep 9 a%es or s& "u a good fire4 ,if y h birds x is only necess>y to wet ! fea!rs ?or\ghly be=e bury+ !m1 & !y w come out juicy & delici\s "u a black coat t peels (f l ! sk9 ( an onion4 ,fi% cooks p]fectly 9 ?is mann]1 z d potatoes1 gre5 corn1 %ell fi%--9 fact1 almo/ any?+4 ,x %\ld be done 9 two or ?ree h\rs1 b y may leave x all day if necess>y )\t h>m4 ,e camp] or ,boy ,sc\t %\ld famili>ize himself ) all ! edible roots1 h]bs1 fruits1 & fungi 9 8 locality4 ,lives h be5 sav$ by ?is k1 especially 9 ! nor? woods4 ,li*5s & ! inn] b>k ( c]ta9 trees are fam9e foods1 eat5 by ,indian & :ite man :5 hung] presses & no o!r food is to be f\nd4 ,! ,indian me?od ( pres]v+ fre% meat 9 summ] by j]k+1 or cutt+ 9 ?9 /rips & dry+ on poles 9 ! sun 7no salt be+ ne$$71 is useful only on ! high c5tral pla9s :]e ! air is dry4 ,all k9ds ( b]ries & wild fruits are easily sun-dri$ = future use4 ,! ca*e1 an ,indian cu/om ext5sively copi$ by :ite hunt]s & trapp]s1 is ! concealm5t ( res]ve /ores ( food1 usually 9 a hole 9 ! gr\nd1 protect$ by an inn] wrapp+ ( b>k or ra:ide4 ,! m\? ( ! ca*e is well hidd5 by build+ a fire ov] x1 or by cov]+ ) rocks1 bru%1 dry leaves1 or s&1 accord+ to ! locality4 ,,xi--,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,& ,,foll[ ,a ,,blaz$ ,,trail ,! blaz$ trail is especially design$ = ^? :o travel 9 ! deep woods1 :]e ^! simple guide-po/s are necess>y at times1 if only = tempor>y use4 ,! ,indian hunt] sometimes f9ds himself ) a limit$ "t 9 :i* to provide 8 w9t]'s supply ( meat1 be=e ! op5+ ( ! trapp+ season4 ,9 su* an ev5t1 he w\ld n take "t to c>ry all 8 game home1 b w\ld blaze connect+ trails to :]e he _h kill$ & hung up ! diff]5t animals1 & a direct road home4 ,!re is also ! trapp]'s trail1 ! regul> pa? betwe5 e/abli%$ camps1 & ! conceal$ or secret blaz$ trail4 ,we %all consid] ea* ( ^! v>ieties 9 ord]4 ,! blaz$ trail meant = g5]al use--! public highway1 z x 7--may n always be ! %orte/ road1 b x w be ! easie/ & mo/ conv5i5t4 ,y may blaze su* a trail to ! m\nta9-top = ! f9e/ view1 or to y\r cab9 9 ! woods4 ,! blazes on ! trees w be obvi\s & ne> toge!r1 ab\t ?ree in*es long & ?ree feet f ! gr\nd4 ,at e turn a sapl+ is fell$1 at ! same height z ! blaze1 ! fell$ top hang+ on its /ump & po9t+ 9 ! desir$ direction4 ,! game trail diff]s f ! above 9 sev]al respects4 ,! blazes are small] & are ab\t five feet high2 !y are also fur!r ap>t--ab\t tw5ty to tw5ty-five paces4 ,at ea* turn ! hack is deep]1 & if to ! left1 x is made on ! left side ( ! tree1 if to ! "r1 on ! "r side4 ,! blazes are m op5 to view :5 com+ f ! camp1 z :5 ! sc\t has gone ov] x once1 he c always foll[ x back home4 ,an ,indian game trail is v indi/9ct to "o :o is n look+ = x1 & ev5 !n x requires tra9+ to foll[ x readily4 ,to "o :o is a ?or\ghly compet5t woodsman1 ea* m>k is a real blaze ( light1 q unmi/akable4 ,if y wi% to blaze a trail correctly1 y mu/ place y\r m>k accurately on ! "r tree & on ! "r side ( ! tree4 ,y %\ld n disfigure ! trees1 & y w n1 if y d y\r "w z well z ! ,indian4 ,if y g ab\t ga%+ !m indiscrim9ately1 y\r "w w be an eyesore1 & besides1 ev]ybody w "k y\r trail4 ,x %\ld be j en\gh guide = y\r fri5ds1 neatly done1 & c\rt+ no unnecess>y publicity4 ,! trapp]'s trail is "o m degree ne>] a conceal$ blaze4 ,x is blaz$ on ea* notewor?y tree1 tw5ty to ?irty paces ap>t1 & ev5 high] ?an ! game trail4 ,at a po9t opposite ! fir/ trap1 !re is a peculi> hack1 a d\ble hack1 or a twig clipp$1 v>y+ ) ! code ( ! individual4 ,9 any case1 y are direct$ t[>d ! lake %ore or riv] bank1 :]e y f9d an upright /ick brok5 (f two feet f ! gr\nd & b5t ov] until x t\*es ! wat]4 ,?is means ! trap is 9 ! wat]4 ,if ! brok5 "p does n rea* ! wat]1 x means look = x on %ore1 & if a bir*-b>k r+ is add$1 x means ! trap is 9 a hole4 ,at ea* po9t a c]ta9 sign leads y approximately ne> ! trap1 :]e y get a h9t z to its clos] :]eab\ts4 ,?is k9d ( trail does n beg9 at ! camp1 b at a po9t :i* may be orally describ$1 9 case ! trapp] is unable to visit 8 traps & mu/ s5d 8 wife or "s memb] ( 8 family4 ,he !n entru/s ! mess5g] ) 8 p]sonal code1 :i* sometimes includes ! sign = ! animal he is trapp+4 ,! conceal$ blaze is us$ by a p>ty on ! w>-pa?1 s t ano!r w>-p>ty ( ! same tribe may ov]take !m or discov] _! camp4 ,x 0 n usual to blaze a w>-pa? unless ano!r p>ty 0 likely to foll[4 ,9 su* a cont+5cy1 ! fir/ p>ty leaves an occasional blaze high up on ! tree & po9t+ 9 ! direction 9 :i* !y are travel+4 ,su* blazes are only made at well-kn[n po9ts & are look$ = by ^? :o come aft]4 ,:5 ! high blaze is f\nd1 o!r in=mation is s\ght =1 :i* may be giv5 by means ( signs or hi]oglyphics 9 a conceal$ place4 ,if a p>ty ( boys are out = a hike ov] roads :i* are n well kn[n1 & !re are /raggl]s1 ! lead] may indicate ! trail by ,indian signs4 ,at ! cross-roads he may tie a bun* ( grass to a l[ bran* on ! "r side ( ! road he takes4 ,if he leaves ! pa? entirely1 he mu/ /ick up a rod ) a knot ( grass ti$ to ! top1 b5d+ x 9 ! "r direction4 ,if at any po9t he desires to return & meet ! o!rs1 he breaks two opposite twigs t[>d "o ano!r1 z a sign 9 case he misses !m4 ,if he wi%es 8 p>ty to camp !re1 he draws a circle on ! gr\nd4 ,?is sy/em is us$ a great deal by ! ,indians :5 two or ?ree families are rov+ toge!r 9 ! deep woods1 hunt+ or trapp+ game4 ,:5 !re is only "o family1 & !y are )9 ! dang]-l9e f tribal enemies1 ! hunt] uses a conceal$ blaze = 8 wife to foll[1 & he may adopt a special code ^: mean+ is kn[n to no "o b ! two4 ,:5 he wi%es to be p>ticul>ly obscure1 he makes 8 blaze inside a gr\p ( trees4 ,x is a "r-angl$ ga% po9t+ /raight to ! next blaze4 ,i rememb] t ,i 0 once in/ruct$ to foll[ a hunt]'s trail1 toge!r ) sev]al o!r boys4 ,we 7 9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,crees1 :o 7 at w> ) u2 b game 0 abundant1 & !re 0 no bett] location1 !re=e our hunt]s took extra *ances ( dang]4 ,h[ev]1 e precaution 0 obs]v$4 ,"o ( our m5 _h kill$ a moose late 9 ! aft]noon1 & on ! next morn+ we boys 7 in/ruct$ to f9d x & br+ home ! meat4 ,! fir/ blaze 0 p]haps half a mile f our camp1 on ! inside ( "o ( f\r l>ge bir* trees4 ,above ! blaze 7 two hacks1 & above ?is ! m>k ( an arr[-head4 ,?is meant to foll[ ! blaze two hundr$ paces 9 ! direction ( ! arr[1 & !n se>* = ano!r m>k4 ,! next arr[ po9t$ diagonally t[>d ! lake1 & two hundr$ paces fur!r we came out ^u ! lake %ore4 ,we foll[$ ! %ore to a conspicu\s tree1 ^u ! b>k ( :i* we discov]$ a small blaze & ! figure ( an animal4 ,ab\t fifty paces f ?is la/ blaze1 we f\nd ! moose4 ,9 a prairie c\ntry1 :]e !re are no trees1 /ones are pil$ ^u ! hills or buttes 9 a mann] to give in=mation to ^? :o come aft]4 ,_m ( ^! l>ge b\ld]s or cone-%ap$ heaps ( /ones 7 discov]$ 9 ! prairie /ates :5 settlem5t 0 made1 & "s well-kn[n ones h be5 pres]v$ = _m ye>s z hi/oric l&m>ks4 ,we ,indians nev] /& boldly out ^u a hilltop )\t hav+ fir/ la9 flat & survey$ ! c\ntry f a conceal$ position to see t no dang] is 9 sight4 ,we !n place ! /ones s z to convey intellig5ce to our fri5ds4 ,"o is plac$ ) ! apex po9t+ 9 ! direction 9 :i* ! travel] is go+1 & sev]al m beh9d ! ma9 pile %[ f :5ce he came4 ,if he has se5 signs ( ! enemy1 he places two small /ones on ei!r side ( ! c5tral /one4 ,if he _c g fur!r1 he puts ^! 9 front ( ! c5tral "o1 mean+ an ob/acle 9 ! pa?1 or rev]ses ! ?ree on ! opposite side1 mean+ t he w return4 ,an old /one pile may be us$ aga9 & aga9 by slightly displac+ ! /ones4 ,?is is ! prairie blaz$ trail4 ,,xii--,,indian ,,signals ,,9 ,,camp ,,& ,,field ,9 ! e>ly & free life ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian1 he 0 con/antly 9 motion1 ! v>i\s b&s ( ea* tribe cov]+ a l>ge area dur+ ! ye>4 ,! hunt]s1 travel]s1 & w>-p>ties ( ^! widely scatt]$ b&s _h _! well-kn[n codes ( signals 9 ! field & on ! trail1 by means ( :i* x 0 possible to communicate f a di/ance4 ,! me?ods 9 common use 7 ! smoke1 mirror1 & blanket signals1 all ( :i* c\ld be m readily practic$ by ! ,pla9s ,indians ?an by ^? ( ! woods1 = obvi\s reasons4 ,!re are ?ree di/9ct k9ds ( intellig5ce giv5 9 ?is mann]1 :i* may be ?us describ$3 ,fir/1 w>n+ ( dang]2 second1 sight+ ( game2 ?ird1 g5]al news ( importance f ano!r tribe or village4 ,any p]son :o happ5s to be 9 ! field & discov]s ! approa* ( dang] mu/ in/antly signal a w>n+ by any means 9 8 p[]4 ,if he is 9 full view ( ! camp or ( ! individual :om he desires to rea*1 ! blanket me?od is us$4 ,a blanket or o!r article ( clo?+ tightly roll$ & held ) out/ret*$ arms s z to =m1 ) ! body1 a cross or a capital ,t1 is ! prim>y dang]-signal4 ,if ! p]son signal+ runs to & fro1 x means t ! dang] is approa*+1 & if1 9 addition to ^!1 ! blanket is ?r[n horizontally1 x is a call = rescue or signal ( imm$iate di/ress4 ,:5 game is sight$1 ! game sc\t runs to & fro2 t means a small h]d ( game1 especially buffalo4 ,if he runs 9 a circle1 toss+ up 8 blanket1 x d5otes a l>ge h]d4 ,if he runs back & =? ) blanket trail+ beh9d1 x indicates bad news4 ,! blanket held /raight above ! head signifies important tid+s f a di/ance4 ,s9ce ! mirror came into use among u1 ea* w>rior c>ries ) him a small r\nd reflector4 ,) ?is x is easy to fla% a signal into ! camp or t[>d ! surr\nd+ hills1 ^u :i* x is cu/om>y to keep a cont9ual look\t4 ,"o long fla% is ! signal = att5tion1 & z soon z x is answ]$1 y may give ! message to be transmitt$4 ,"o %ort fla% means t game is 9 sight4 ,two %ort fla%es means ! enemy is 9 sight4 ,two %ort fla%es foll[$ by "o long "o is a call = rescue4 ,two %ort fla%es & "o long foll[$ by two m %ort fla%es means ! dang] is ov]4 ,f\r %ort fla%es signifies a meet+ ) a /rang] or news f a di/ance4 ,! smoke signal is resort$ to :5 no o!r c\ld be employ$1 on acc\nt ( di/ance or ob/acles 9 ! way1 su* z hills or =e/4 ,z ?is is a long-di/ance signal1 ! codes v>y among diff]5t tribes1 s t ! intellig5ce convey$ may n be ( equal advantage to ! foe4 ,among ! ,si\x1 x 0 (t5 us$ by w>-p>ties1 ann\nc+ _! return & giv+ news ( success or failure2 ! numb] ( scalps or horses tak5 might also be indicat$4 ,to make ?is signal1 y mu/ build a brisk fire ^u "s conv5i5t knoll1 & z soon z x is burn+ freely1 smo!r x ) co>se gre5 grass1 also heap e>? ar\nd x s t ! smoke may be d5se & closely conf9$4 ,:5 x has burn$ long en\gh to ga9 att5tion1 *eck ! smoke = an in/ant by hold+ a blanket ov] ! fire & !n )draw+ x1 caus+ a succession ( %ort puffs1 ) int]vals betwe54 ,to avoid confusion1 x w be well to adopt ! code giv5 above = mirror fla%es4 ,at night1 a signal fire is sometimes k9dl$4 ,s9ce fire is n always easy to control s+le-h&$1 ! ,indian is c>eful to turn up ! e>? be=e he builds 8 fire1 & to h an abundance ( gre5 grass at h&1 n only to produce a suffici5t volume ( smoke1 b to put ! fire out if necess>y4 ,! drum is us$ = home communications4 ,:5 f\r measur$ bl[s are /ruck1 foll[$ by _m %ort ones1 x is a call to ! c\ncil4 ,if e w>rior is n pres5t at ! second signal1 giv5 a few m9utes aft] ! fir/1 ! ,indian soldi]s or police w come aft] ! abs5tees4 ,at all dances1 ! drum is us$ to call ! danc]s toge!r1 ! ?ird call be+ accompani$ by yelps & ! f\r? by a real bur/ ( w>-:oops4 ,!re is a curi\s v>iation 9 ! call to ! scalp dance1 :i* is some?+ l skipp+ a /one on new ice4 ,x beg9s 9 sl[ "t1 ) ea* successive beat %ort]1 & end+ 9 a m]e roll4 ,!re are also _m signal calls execut$ by ! voice alone1 su* z ! call to w>1 ! j\rney & hunt+ halloos1 ! good de$ calls1 & o!r yodels or musical %\ts :i* are v effective & may be he>d at a consid]able di/ance4 ,,xiii--,,an ,,indian ,,boy',s ,,sports ,games ) arr[s are ! mo/ popul> ,indian sports4 ,if y are camp+ 9 ! woods1 y may l to play ! ,tree ,game4 ,ab\t a doz5 blunt or knob-head$ arr[s are %ot up into ! bran*es ( a l>ge1 wide-spread+ tree1 9 su* a mann] t !y are all caught & hang !re 9 _m diff]5t positions4 ,!n1 at a giv5 signal1 ! boys beg9 to %oot !m d[n4 ,e arr[ t a boy br+s d[n is 82 ea* "o ( 8 own t gets lodg$ becomes a prize arr[ = ! o!rs to %oot at4 ,n[ & !n an arr[ hugs ! limb s closely t x c h>dly be se52 ev5tually all ! boys aim at ?is "o1 & if !y are s unlucky z to lose _! own arr[s )\t br++ x d[n1 ! tree w9s4 ,w& games are v simple & are play$ by ! y\ng] boys4 ,! w&s are f f\r to six feet long & z big r\nd z a man's little f+]4 ,!y are m]ely peel$ swit*es ( any k9d ( %rub1 usually ! common r$ will[4 ,to decorate 9 ,indian fa%ion1 y mu/ take (f ) a %>p knife a long /rip ( b>k2 !n1 hav+ scrap$ (f all ! re/1 w9d y\r ribbon ( b>k spirally r\nd ! peel$ w&4 ,aft] fa/5+ ea* end securely1 hold x ov] a smudge fire until x is well smok$4 ,!n remove ! /rip & y w f9d a spiral ( :ite aga9/ ! deep yell[ ( ! uncov]$ wood4 ,sometimes two /rips are w\nd 9 opposite directions1 leav+ yell[ diamonds bord]$ ) :ite4 ,! w& is pit*$ & made to /rike at ! />t ^u an incl9$ m\nd or a l[ horizontal b>1 f :i* x %\ld b\nd ) mu* =ce & sail ?r\gh ! air l an arr[1 sometimes z f> z fifty y>ds4 ,a simple way to give x mom5tum is to raise ! left foot z high z ! "r knee1 re/ ! side ( ! w& aga9/ ! left in/ep & propel x vigor\sly4 ,f two to a doz5 boys *oose sides4 ,! side w9n+ ! toss s5ds ! fir/ w&1 & ! o!r side foll[s1 ea* boy play+ 9 turn = z long z !y fail to pass ! fir/4 ,:5 !y succe$ 9 pass+ x1 ! fir/ p>ty tries aga91 & ! game cont9ues until "o side has sp5t all its w&s1 :i* are ga!r$ up by ! w9n]s4 ,en?usia/ic p>tisans indulge 9 *e]+1 danc+ & s++ to enc\rage _! fri5ds & confuse & di%e>t5 ! opposite p>ty1 b are n all[$ to int]f]e 9 any way ) ! play]s4 ,w& games are play$ prop]ly 9 ! summ]-"t2 _! w9t] sub/itutes are ! sn[-snake & gr\nd arr[4 ,! =m] is us$ only on fre% sn[4 ,x is a flat /ick five feet long & ab\t an in* & a half wide at ! wide/ po9t1 gradually tap]+ to half t wid? at ! tail end4 ,! head & neck curve slightly upw>d & are pa9t$ to look z mu* l ^? ( a snake z possible2 ! body ( ! w& is poli%$ & h>d5$ by fire4 ,! ,indian boy hurls ?is mimic s]p5t into ! loose1 light sn[1 :]e x disappe>s1 to appe> aga9 "s di/ance (f2 aga9 x dives b5ea? ! surface only to come up aga91 some:at l skipp+ a /one on wat]4 ,! w9n] is he :o c make x travel f>!/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,gr\nd arr[s are ( two k9ds4 ,"o k9d1 call$ me*1 is made ( ! %ort ribs ( buffalo or beef cattle4 ,! rib is cut (f f\r in*es f ! free end1 & two small holes bor$1 into :i* /icks1 ! size ( a lead-p5cil & ab\t a foot 9 l5g?1 are tightly ins]t$4 ,! end ( ea* is fea!r$ l an arr[1 & !y spread out s t ! fea!r$ %afts are p]haps n9e in*es ap>t4 ,! :ole looks mu* l ! :ite boy's %uttlecock4 ,?is me* is grasp$ firmly betwe5 ! project+ %afts1 & ?r[n aga9/ a little m\nd ! size ( a pill[1 made ( sn[ damp5$ & pack$ solidly4 ,f ?is x reb\nds1 sails (f l a bird1 /rikes ! h>d cru/ to b\nd up aga9 & aga91 & f9ally crawls along l a w\nd$ animal4 ,! goal1 :i* is call$ ! blanket goal1 is an oblong ab\t six by t5 paces 9 size1 drawn on ! sn[ at "s fifty y>ds' di/ance4 ,l5g?wise ( ?is oblong are drawn six l9es1 ) sev5 spaces betwe54 ,! out] spaces c\nt two1 ! next f\r1 ! next eight1 & ! c5t] space c\nts sixte51 if y\r me* hits x 9 "o ?r[4 ,any numb] may play ! game4 ,! o!r k9d ( gr\nd arr[1 call$ matk1 is %ap$ l an arr[4 ,x is made ( h>d wood 9 "o piece1 & is ab\t two feet long ) a cone-%ap$ head1 burnt & poli%$ to look l horn4 ,! %aft mu/ be limb]1 & c>ries a small tuft ( fea!rs to guide x 9 its flight4 ,ano!r arr[ %[s an atta*$ head ( elk or buffalo horn1 :i* is bett] ?an wood4 ,! boys ?r[ ?is 9 ! same mann] z ! me*1 b ! c\rse is laid out m elaborately1 ) ob/acles1 su* z rav9es & small hillocks1 & a s]ies ( five r+s ea* t5 feet 9 diamet]1 compos$ ( five conc5tric circles ) a bull's-eye 9 ! c5t]4 ,beside ea* r+ !re is a sn[ m\nd f :i* to propel ! arr[4 ,! game is 9 "s ways l golf1 & may be play$ individually or by sides1 ea* play] hav+ two /rokes 9 :i* to rea* ! next r+1 ! fir/ a di/ance ?r[ & ! second a pu% or %ove 9 ! direction ( ! r+4 ,! out] circle c\nts "o1 & ea* inn] circle d\bles ! c\nt1 ! bull's-eye c\nt+ ?irty-two4 ,all ! play]s play 9 turn1 />t+ f ! sn[ m\nd ne>e/ ! r+ :]e _! arr[s lie at ! beg9n+ ( ea* r\nd4 ,! score is add$ at ! close ( ! game1 ! boy or team ) ! highe/ numb] ( po9ts be+ ! w9n]4 ,?is is p]haps ! mo/ popul> & excit+ w9t] sport = ,indian boys t5 ye>s ( age & upw>d4 ,sometimes !y s5d ! arr[ fly+ a hundr$ y>ds be=e t\*+ ! gr\nd1 & half z f> aga9 at ! fir/ reb\nd1 aft] :i* x cont9ues = sev]al %ort] flights4 ,! r+s are two hundr$ to ?ree hundr$ y>ds ap>t = "y m51 or half t di/ance = small boys2 ! game may be play$ on sn[-cov]$ lakes or riv]s z well z 9 ! op5 c\ntry4 ,,xiv--,a ,,w9t] ,,masque ,among ! really absorb+ amusem5ts ( ,indian boys1 none surpass ! games play$ ) tops1 :i* ) u are 9 season 9 ! w9t] only4 ,! m]e sp9n+ ( a top w\ld soon become tiresome2 x is ! v>i\s & +5i\s /unts t keep ! int]e/ alive4 ,!n1 too1 ea* boy makes 8 own top ( e available k9d ( wood1 z well z ( horn & bone1 & /udies its peculi> defects or advantages = ! "w 9 h&1 s ?or\ghly t x comes to h = him a k9d ( p]sonality4 ,he :ittles x to a nicety 9 ! regul> top %ape or any v>iation ( x t he *ooses1 s long z he c coax & :ip x into sp9n+ & humm+ & s++4 ,he has a /ick ab\t a foot long & z big z y\r ?umb2 sometimes "o end is groov$ s t he c pick up ! top :ile sp9n+4 ,to ?is /ick he ties two or ?ree de]-sk9 ?ongs ( equal l5g?1 mak+ a top :ip ) :i* he p]=ms "s int]e/+ /unts & plays _m amus+ games4 ,!re is mu* arti/ic ta/e among our p4 ,"s decorate _! tops 9 /ripes1 mu* l a b>b]'s pole2 o!rs ) totem pa9t+s2 b p]haps ! clev]e/ boy is he :o c c>ve z well z pa9t4 ,"o w c>ve a t9y toad sitt+ atop 8 sp9n]2 ano!r a turtle2 b ! boy :o is quick en\gh to copy ! bumblebee--hum & all--he is a h]o6 ,:5 he pr\dly :ips 8 black buffalo-horn sp9n]1 he holds ! c5t] ( ! /age1 :ile e o!r boy mu/ pause = a m9ute to reg>d him ) envy4 ,sometimes a boy w playfully address 8 top1 tell+ x to s+ ! be> song1 or imitate ! l[+ ( ! buffalo bull1 at ! same "t :ipp+ x s vigor\sly & 9 su* fa%ion t x seems really to give a semblance ( ! requir$ imitation6 ,b x is no ord9>y ba%ful boy :o does ^! ?+s2 x is ! rogui% "y humori/ & actor ( ! tribe4 ,:5 ! *iefs select$ = our field-day on ! ice ann\nce ! date1 e boy is ready4 ,! *ief ( ea* side br+s 8 =ces toge!r = a f9al te/ ( skill1 & !re is no lack ( spectators4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ea* displays 8 peculi> manufactures1 prid+ himself mu* ^u orig9ality ( design & c>eful workman%ip4 ,!n !re are trials ( spe$1 & trials ( duration1 & f9ally ! m difficult /unts1 su* z transf]r+ ! top 9 ! spoon end ( ! :ip )\t int]rupt+ its dance1 or :ipp+ x "u a light cov]+ ( sn[1 or along an ob/acle c\rse4 ,p]haps no "o save an ,indian c\ld make a be> cub :ip a sp9n+-top1 hold+ ! :ip h&le 9 8 m\?1 z ,i h se5 x done on ^! field-days4 ,"s ( ! boys imp]sonate old m51 & "s g5u9e gr&fa!rs are admitt$ to add to ! fun4 ,!re is a p>ticul> song ( ! top1 & its sp9n+ is said by u to be symbolic ( ! dance ( life4 ,a :ite boy feels himself un=tunate :5 ,santa ,claus fails to leave at 8 home a pair ( club skates or a swift flexible fly]4 ,/ill m un=tunate is he :o has no hill or pond or riv] ne> = coa/+ & skat+4 ,9 my day we 7 indep5d5t ( all save natural features2 no policeman to int]f]e ) our fun1 no f5ces or trespass signs--& no %ops or indulg5t fa!rs to pur*ase our equipm5t6 ,! trees might be snapp+1 ev5 bur/+ op5 ) ! sev]e cold1 ! ice on ! lakes ?und]+ l ! cannonade ( a di/ant battle1 b1 no?+ daunt$1 we boys w\ld sally =? 9 our w>m buffalo calf-sk9 robes1 well belt$ ar\nd ! middle1 & moccas9s /uff$ ) hair1 defy+ ! wea!r4 ,our coa/]s 7 made ( ! longe/ & l>ge/ ribs ( ! buffalo bull1 tightly b\nd toge!r ) /rong ra:ide ?ongs1 & held 9 position ) ?ree flat /icks an in* or two wide & a little long] ?an ! wid? ( ! sl$4 ,! %ape 0 some?+ l ! body ( a cutt]2 x 0 l9$ neatly ) buffalo hide1 & l>iats 7 ti$ to ! curv$ end z y tie y\r ropes4 ,we g5]ally coa/$ /&+ erect1 & ! n>r[] ones 7 us$ z skees1 ) a pole to balance1 ^u :i* we sp$ l lightn+ d[n ! /eep hills amid a d9 ( yells1 :oops1 & laught]4 ,o!r skees 7 made ( basswood or elm b>k1 /iff5$ ) ra:ide or d\bl$1 always ) ! slipp]y inn] side aga9/ ! sn[4 ,9 ! v old days !re 7 a k9d ( skates ( peculi> workman%ip1 made ( bones & tusks ( animals4 ,! w9t] pageant or w9t] masque on ! ice 0 ! cr[n+ ev5t1 & "h ! old] p came to realize h[ closely !y _h be5 wat*$ & /udi$ by _! *ildr54 ,y\r ,indian boy is a born mimic & imp]sonator1 & ?is 0 8 day4 ,! fir/ intimation ( ! fe/ivity 0 giv5 by _! cri] or h]ald1 :o ent]$ ! camp picturesquely attir$1 rid+ on a tame buffalo calf or a big ,esquimo dog1 ann\nc+ ! com+ ( ! old folks or ! fir/ p4 ,:5 ! :ole village _h p\r$ =? f _! wigwams 9 eag] expectation1 ! head ( ! procession em]g$ f ! =e/ ^u ! field ( ice4 ,x 0 an impos+ sight4 ,! fir/ clan1 p]haps1 w\ld be l$ by a buffalo bull walk+ upright & hold+ 8 pipe 9 8 h&s l a man4 ,imm$iately beh9d him 7 twelve wise m5 walk+ abrea/1 ea* we>+ a buffalo headdress & c>ry+ a long /aff ) a buffalo-tail tassel4 ,!y 7 foll[$ by ! p ( ! clan1 all clad 9 hairy sk9s1 "s accompani$ by tame coyotes1 or dragg+ old-"t travois4 ,"h & !re1 boys 9 gr\ps 7 play+ _! favorite games or flut+ & yodel+1 :ile ! gr\ps ( pretty girls walk$ m demurely4 ,! wolf1 elk1 & be> clans 7 simil>ly repres5t$1 & ! odd *>act]s ( anci5t leg5d 7 all pres5t3 ,unktmee ! tricky "o ) 8 _m aliases2 ,heyka ! contr>y "o1 :o always says ! rev]se ( :at he means1 & pa9ts a face or mask on ! back ( 8 head s t he seems to be walk+ backw>d4 ,ev5 8 dog we>s ! head ( a calf at 8 re> end1 & a tail fix$ on ! end ( 8 nose4 ,"o figure is dress$ all 9 :ite & moves ) a :irl+ motion1 all ! "t imitat+ ! humm+ ( a top4 ,ev5 ! wild pets jo9 9 ! fun1 & ,i h he>d a tame cr[1 :i* _h be5 taught a few simple words1 cry+ out q naturally z he hopp$ along3 ,wa*e po6 wa*e po6 7,dance1 fri5ds1 dance67 ,,xv--,,an ,,indian ,,girl',s ,,sports ,contr>y to ! popul> op9ion1 our ,indian girls & wom5 are n m]e drudges1 b true fem99e a?letes1 almo/ z al]t z ! m51 & frequ5tly ev5 m muscul>4 ,! favorite outdoor sport ( ! pla9s-wom5 f remote times is call$ by !m tap-kp-see-*a1 ! orig9al =m ( field hockey4 ,any level prairie gr\nd is suit$ to ! game1 :i* is especially excit+ :5 x is engag$ 9 by two neighbor+ camps4 ,! goals are usually two hundr$ y>ds ap>t1 & ! wid? ( ! gr\nd ab\t tw5ty feet4 ,tw5ty-five to fifty or m conte/ants may play on ea* side1 b n all at once4 ,!y are plac$ 9 gr\ps or relays1 ea* gr\p n to g beyond its allott$ field4 ,:5 a ball crosses ! l9e1 x belongs to ! next gr\p4 ,?us1 if !re are fifty play]s on a side1 ea* gr\p ( t5 runs only =ty y>ds4 ,! ball1 :i* is ( bucksk91 ab\t z l>ge z a baseball1 b s(t]1 is toss$ up ) a w>-:oop1 midway betwe5 ! goals4 ,ea* side !n /rives to s5d x on ) _! hook$ /icks t[>d ! oppos+ goal4 ,x may ei!r be kept roll+ along ! gr\nd1 or driv5 ?r\gh ! air2 & ! battle cont9ues until "o side or ! o!r succe$s 9 s5d+ x ov] ! enemy's goal4 ,! di/9ctive features ( ! ,indian game are ! apportionm5t ( ! field to designat$ gr\ps ( play]s1 & ! l>ge numb] tak+ "p1 ?us r$uc+ ! confusion & *ances ( accid5t :ile ensur+ an exce$+ly picturesque & lively spectacle4 ,pas-l-han is play$ 9 small] gr\ps ) a w& ab\t eight feet long1 heavy at ! =w>d end1 :i* is %ap$ some:at l ! head ( a snake1 & tap]+ g5tly to ab\t ! size ( a man's f+]4 ,sometimes ! head is made ( buffalo1 elk1 or de]'s horn4 ,! girls hold x betwe5 ! ?umb1 middle1 & r+ f+]s1 :ile ! index f+] presses aga9/ ! end4 ,! arm is closely b5t at ! elb[ & held at "r angles to ! body1 br++ ! half-op5$ h& directly ov] ! %\ld]1 & ! w& is !n hurl$ ) all ! /r5g? ( ! play]'s arm1 two or ?ree =w>d /eps be+ tak5 at ! same "t4 ,! head hits ! gr\nd slantwise1 & ! body slides & wriggles aft] x mu* l a flee+ snake4 ,! imm$iate object ( ! girls1 :o ?r[ 9 turn1 is to see :o c make x g fur!/1 b grace & swiftness ( flight are also po9ts to be consid]$4 ,?is simple sport br+s into use practically all ! muscles t are requir$ to ?r[ a baseball1 & helps mu* to make ! girls supple & agile4 ,x is easi] to play 9 w9t] & late fall1 z ! w&s travel mu* fa/] ov] cru/y sn[ or h>d-trampl$ gr\nd4 ,! ,m9nesota ,si\x us$ to play a v pretty aquatic game :5 _! homes 7 9 t beautiful lake c\ntry4 ,x 0 really ! orig9al ,indian game ( lacrosse play$ 9 bir*-b>k canoes1 & might be *ri/5$ wat] lacrosse or canoe ball4 ,! ball 0 twice z l>ge z ! "o ! m5 us$ on l&2 ,i %\ld say a little l>g] ?an a baseball1 b mu* light] 9 weight4 ,! /icks us$ by ! ,si\x wom5 7 ab\t l ! ord9>y lacrosse /ick1 only a foot long] & ) twice z l>ge a pocket4 ,?is pocket is made ( vegetable fib] s t ! wet does n /ret* x1 & :5 ! ball is 9 x1 b>ely "o-?ird %[s above ! rim4 ,t5 to tw5ty girls may play on a side1 two to ea* canoe4 ,we w designate !m ball-play] & canoei/4 ,! latt] mu/ devote h]self entirely to h] canoe & t ( h] oppon5t4 ,%e may n t\* ! ball nor int]f]e ) ! oppos+ ball-play]1 b %e may use all h] skill to ob/ruct ! oppos+ canoe1 & if h] p>tn] secures ! ball1 x is h] duty to gu>d aga9/ be+ ?us ob/ruct$4 ,9 a skirmi% %e mu/ be skilful & al]t to balance h] craft4 ,no canoei/ may ram h] oppon5t head on1 & if %e does s1 ! game is giv5 to ! o!r side4 ,! ball-play] mu/ ?r[ ! ball to "o ( h] own side if possible4 ,"h aga9 special skill is requir$1 = x is ne>ly z difficult z mak+ a successful =w>d pass4 ,h[ev]1 %e has ! privilege ( pass+ x 9 any direction to "o ( h] own play]s4 ,x is n all[able to hit ! ball :ile 9 ! wat]4 ,ea* play] may c>ry x on t[>d h] oppon5t's goal s long z h] canoe is n ob/ruct$1 b z soon z h] b[s are cross$1 %e mu/ pass x on4 ,?us ! /ruggle cont9ues until ! ball ei!r goes out ( b\nds1 or passes ov] "o ( ! goals4 ,! field is ab\t a hundr$ y>ds long by fifty wide4 ,if ! ball goes out ( b\nds1 ! ref]ee mu/ toss x up z at ! beg9n+1 9 ! middle ( ! field betwe5 two oppos+ canoes1 ! canoei/s plac+ ! canoes p>allel to ea* o!r1 :ile ! play]s /ruggle = ! possession ( ! ball4 ,mean:ile1 ! o!r play]s occupy /rategic po9ts & hold !mselves ready to receive x4 ,9 ?is fem99e game1 x is =bidd5 to ?r[ ! ball ) a full arm sw+2 x mu/ be lobb$ or toss$ ) ! =e>m only1 to avoid risk ( injury to ! play]s4 ,x develops mu* nicety ( physical equilibrium1 & might be successfully reviv$ 9 a summ] camp by girls :o are good swimm]s4 ,!y w\ld d well to we> ba?+-suits & be fully prep>$ = ! *ances ( an upset4 ,9 our day1 ! w9n]s 7 ent]ta9$ by ! conqu]$ side at a simple fea/4 ,,xvi--,,indian ,,names ,,& ,,_! ,,significance ,z y all "k1 we ,indians _h no books2 our hi/ory & traditions 7 orally pres]v$4 ,! pictograph cut into a rock or tree1 or pa9t$ ^u a buffalo-sk9 t5t1 0 our only record ( curr5t or pa/ ev5ts4 ,moreov]1 we _h no family names1 s t a boy's "n did n indicate 8 p>5tage4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 "o %\ld h a /rik+ cognom5 9 ord] to be readily id5tifi$4 ,! ,si\x _h ?ree classes ( names2 fir/1 bir? names2 second1 honor or public names2 ?ird1 nicknames4 ,! fir/ indicat$ ! ord] 9 :i* *ildr5 7 born into ! family2 z ,*asky1 fir/-born son1 ,w5nah1 fir/-born daught]1 & s on to ! fif? *ild1 :o 0 presum$ to be ! la/4 ,!re 7 a few :o c>ri$ ?is *ildhood "n ?r\gh life4 ,! nickname usually records "s humor\s act or odd *>act]i/ic ( ! boy or man4 ,x is seldom a flatt]+ "o4 ,!re is an imag9>y ,indian p]sonage call$ ,w9k'tah1 :o is suppos$ to be ev] on ! wat* = an excuse to co9 a ridicul\s or ins9uat+ "n1 & su* a "o w travel l a prairie fire be=e its own] is aw>e ( x4 ,x has be5 writt5 by :ite m5 t an ,indian *ild is call$ aft] ! fir/ noticeable ?+ its "m sees aft] its bir?4 ,?is is n s z a rule1 ?\gh x is possible su* cases may h occurr$4 ,aga91 x has be5 decl>$ t "s ev5t occurr+ ne> ! *ild's bir? e/abli%es its "n4 ,?is occasionally happ5s1 b only :5 ! ev5t is ( unusual importance4 ,! *ild's honor "n is prop]ly conf]r$ by ! clan m$ic9e-man at a public c]emony1 "s "t aft] ! *ild is able to walk4 ,su* an ,indian *ri/5+ is ann\nc$ by ! h]ald1 a fea/ made1 & gifts pres5t$ to ! poor ( ! tribe1 9 honor ( ! occasion4 ,^! ne$y old p 9 _! turn g away s++ ! praises ( ! *ild by 8 new "n4 ,su* a "n usually indicates ! di/+ui%+ "* or fam\s de$s ( ! boy's ance/ors1 & its be>] is expect$ to live up to1 def5d1 & pass x on1 un/a9$4 ,?r\gh ?is anci5t cu/om1 he is e>ly recogniz$ by 8 tribe1 impress$ ) a s5se ( 8 p]sonal responsibility1 & inspir$ ) ! ambition to be wor?y ( 8 ance/ry4 ,by giv+ away _! prop]ty to ^? 9 want1 8 p>5ts int5d to tea* him love & good-w t[>d 8 fell[-m54 ,b if1 :5 he gr[s up1 ! boy fails to su/a9 8 honor "n1 he is no long] call$ by x4 ,if he does n fail1 b on ! o!r h& p]=ms "s special de$ ( valor1 or w9s "s di/+ui%$ honor on 8 own acc\nt1 he may lat] be giv5 a special de$ "n1 & ! conf]r+ ( su* 0 at "o "t /rictly gu>d$ among ! ,si\x4 ,our unwritt5 book ( ,:o's ,:o is compos$ ( j su* h]oes4 ,! de$ "n is g5]ally giv5 by ! w> *ief1 & su* nam+ is n accompani$ by gifts4 ,a de$ requir+ great physical c\rage is (t5 celebrat$ by giv+ ! "n ( "s fe>-inspir+ animal1 su* z ,be> or ,buffalo1 or "o ( ! nobl] bird names--^? ( ,eagle1 ,hawk1 & ,owl4 ,! "* ( ! exploit1 call+ = special /r5g?1 swiftness1 agility1 or endurance1 helps to det]m9e ! "n *os51 or adds a qualify+ ^w descriptive ( "s poetic or picturesque quality 9 ! action4 ,examples are ,*>g+ ,eagle & ,conqu]+ ,be>4 ,n only bird & animal names1 b ^? ( ! elem5ts1 are commonly us$ to express temp]am5t4 ,! ra%1 impetu\s man may be call$ ,/orm1 or ,:irlw9d4 ,l(t9ess & beauty ( "* is indicat$ by a "n includ+ ! ^w sky1 or cl\d1 su* z ,r$ ,cl\d1 ,t\*-!-,cl\d1 ,blue ,sky1 or ,hole-9-!-,day1 all names ( well-kn[n *iefs4 ,sometimes ! idea ( brav]y or swiftness convey$ by ! "n ( animal or bird is comb9$ ) ano!r sugge/ive ( dignity1 sacr$ness1 my/]y1 or magic2 z1 = example1 ,?und] ,be>1 or ,_s ,buffalo4 ,! highe/ type ( brave de$ "n is repres5t$ by ,?und]1 or ,lightn+1 9 "o ( its _m v>iations4 ,crazy ,bull & ,crazy ,horse /& = utt] fe>lessness & unconsci\sness ( dang]1 r ?an madness4 ,res\rcefulness1 g5]osity1 & productiv5ess are express$ 9 ! "n ( ,e>? ) "s ( its poetic attributes4 ,fire repres5ts d>+ & w>-l qualities4 ,colors are us$ 9 a purely symbolic s5se1 ?us r$eem+ f any t\* ( absurdity su* names z ,r$ ,wolf & ,black ,eagle4 ,_m ,indian names h be5 r\ghly h&l$ 9 translation by illit]ate p]sons1 su* z 7 mo/ ( ! e>ly int]pret]s4 ,! rav5 0 a dignifi$ bird :i* disappe>$ ) ! buffalo1 b its "n is g5]ally mi/ranslat$ z cr[4 ,! ,si\x call ! cr[ ! scold+ gr&mo!r1 & use its "n only z a satirical je/4 ,! fam\s *ief kn[n z ,"y-man-afraid-(-8-,horses1 0 really call$ ,man-^:-,horse-is-fe>$ 7by ! enemy74 ,an in/ance ( ! highly poetic & figurative "n is t ( ,wee-y-tank-ah-lo-tah4 ,lit]ally translat$1 x means ,he :o 9 8 usual home-go+ pauses ^u an em95ce gl[+ ) sc>let light4 ,! ref]5ce is to ! ,sun1 :o1 at ! close ( 8 day's j\rney across ! prairies ( ! sky1 app>5tly re/s = a mom5t ^u 8 gorge\s seat at ! v]ge ( ! horizon4 ,he :o be>s t "n ne$s no introduction2 its beauty is eloqu5ce en\gh4 ,"h are "s honor names = ,boy ,sc\ts4 ,wam-blee-skah4 ,:ite ,eagle4 ,ta-tonk-ah-sap-ah4 ,black ,buffalo4 ,mah-to-skah4 ,:ite ,be>4 ,*ay-ton-ho-tah4 ,gray ,falcon4 ,*ay-ton-wah-koo-wah4 ,*>g+ ,falcon4 ,kan-gee-loo-tah4 ,r$ ,rav54 ,kan-gee-wah-kan4 ,sacr$ ,rav54 ,mah-kah-skah4 ,:ite ,e>?4 ,mah-pee-yah-to4 ,blue ,sky4 ,mah-pee-yah-loo-tah4 ,r$ ,sky 7or ,cl\d74 ,wah-kan-glee-o-ta4 ,_m ,lightn+s4 ,tah-tay-an-pah4 ,w9d1 or ,/orm4 ,o-han-zee4 ,%ad[ 7,com=t+74 ,pay-tah4 ,fire4 ,tah-wah-soo-o-ta4 ,8 ,hail/orm 7,=cible1 or ,impetu\s74 ,we-h9-ah-pay4 ,ris+ ,sun4 ,we-e-yah-yah4 ,sett+ ,sun4 ,ah-kee-*ee-tah4 ,soldi]4 ,o-hit-e-kah4 ,brave4 ,wan-ah-ton4 ,*>g]4 ,o-tak-tay4 ,kills or ,/rikes ,_m4 ,tee-tonk-ah4 ,big ,lodge4 ,*ank-oo-wa%-tay4 ,good ,road4 ,nah-pay-%nee4 ,he does n flee 7,c\rage\s74 ,e-nap-ay4 ,comes ,out 7,appe>s ,bravely74 ,wah-*9-tonk-ah4 ,pati5t4 ,wah-*9k-sap-ah4 ,wise1 ,cle>-head$4 ,tah-ko-dah4 ,fri5d to !m all4 ,o-dah-ko-tah4 ,fri5dly4 ,tah-o-han-o-tah4 ,8 ,_m ,good ,de$s4 ,tah-wah-h9k-pay-o-tah4 ,8 ,_m ,arr[s 7,res\rceful74 ,ko-han-nah4 ,swift4 ,o-gal-lee-%ah4 ,r$ ,%irt4 ,ho-wah-kan4 ,my/]i\s ,voice4 ,wah-nah-gee-skah4 ,:ite ,_s4 ,wah-nee-kee-yah4 ,savior4 ,wah-hah-*ank-ah4 ,%ield4 ,,xvii--,,indian ,,girls' ,,names ,,& ,,symbolic ,,decorations ,all ,indian art is symbolic1 & ! decorative native designs may be s appli$ 9 bead-"w1 basketry1 weav+1 embroid]y1 or jewelry z to express ! ideals & p]sonality ( ! mak]4 ,?is is true ( all ! tribes1 b ! individual symbols v>y ) _! cu/oms & habitat4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,9 all g5u9e ,si\x h&iwork1 ! c5tral design is ! isosceles triangle 7,fig4 #aa71 repres5t+ ! conical teepee or t5t--! home4 ,?is is us$ 9 _m diff]5t ways4 ,two t5ts ) ! bases unit$1 =m+ a diamond 7,fig4 #ab71 indicate ! f\r po9ts ( ! compass1 or ! :ole _w4 ,two t5ts ) ! peaks toge!r 7,fig4 #ac7 are symbolic ( life "h & h]eaft]4 ,! d>k t5t cut 9 half ) a b& ( :ite1 yell[1 or light blue 9 ! c5t] 7,fig4 #ad7 signifies happ9ess 9 ! home4 ,! t5t enclos$ 9 a circle 7,fig4 #ae7 means et]nal union4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4 ,figure #af is commonly us$ to repres5t footpr9ts or man's trail ?r\gh ! _w4 ,! zig-zag l9e 7,fig4 #ag7 is lightn+ or de/ruction2 ! wavy l9e 7,fig4 #ah7 m\nta9s or pray]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4 ,9 ! symbolism ( colors1 pale blue or :ite is g5]ally us$ = backgr\nd1 & repres5ts sky or heav52 r$1 life2 d>k blue or black1 %ad[ or tr\ble2 gre51 summ] or pl5ty2 & yell[1 sun-light or happ9ess4 ,d>k blue1 dovetail$ ) pale blue or yell[1 repres5ts ! light & %ade ( life's common exp]i5ce4 ,animal figures are mu* us$ 9 conv5tionaliz$ designs4 ,! figure ( ! be> means c\rage2 ! buffalo1 pl5ty2 ! eagle 7w+s spread71 honor2 ! owl1 obs]vation2 ! wolf1 skill2 ! turtle1 wisdom & longevity2 ! s]p5t1 heal+2 ! hawk1 swiftness2 ! beav]1 indu/ry2 ! de]1 love4 ,! figure ( a man on horseback repres5ts a w>rior4 ,no ,indian girl may we> ! sk9 or any repres5tation ( ! be>1 wolf1 or cat1 nor we> ! fea!rs ( ! eagle1 s9ce ^! are mascul9e emblems4 ,! doe1 erm9e1 ott]1 & m9k are fem99e emblems4 ,x is usually possible to di/+ui% fem99e f mascul9e p]sonal names by ! mean+4 ,! names ( ! fi]c] wild animals1 su* z be>1 wolf1 & eagle1 are giv5 to boys2 girls are call$ aft] ! fawn1 m9k1 beav]1 etc4 ,ei!r may be call$ aft] sky1 w9d1 or wat]1 b ! "n ( ,fire is mascul9e4 ,! syllable wee is a fem99e t]m9ation4 ,na is a dim9utive1 us$ mu* l ie 9 ,engli%4 ,! foll[+ are ,si\x fem99e names appropriate to ,camp ,fire girls1 ) _! lit]al & symbolic mean+s4 ,wee-no-nah4 ,elde/ ,daught]4 ,loafgiv]1 *>itable4 ,wee-hah-kay-dah4 ,y\nge/ ,daught]4 ,little ,"o4 ,w>-*ah-wa%-tay4 ,pretty ,fl[]4 ,beautiful4 ,o-j9-j9t-kah4 ,rose4 ,que5 ( ,fl[]s4 ,zit-kah-lah-skah4 ,:ite ,bird4 ,pure4 ,d-wan-ho-wee4 ,s++ ,voice4 ,wa-*ee-wee4 ,danc+ ,girl4 ,han-tay-wee4 ,c$> ,maid4 ,fai?ful4 ,wa-zee-me-nah-wee4 ,odors ( ! ,p9e4 ,:olesome1 refre%+4 ,mah-kah-wee4 ,e>? ,maid54 ,g5]\s1 mo!rly4 ,mah-pee-yah4 ,sky4 ,heav5ly4 ,e-ha-wee4 ,laugh+ ,maid4 ,wee-ko'4 ,pretty ,girl4 ,ptay-san-wee4 ,:ite ,buffalo4 ,que5 ( ! ,h]d4 ,mah-gah-skah-wee4 ,swan ,maid54 ,graceful4 ,wah-su-lah4 ,little ,hail/orm4 ,/ormy1 impulsive4 ,snah-nah4 ,j+les 7l little bells74 ,musical4 ,ta-lu-tah4 ,sc>let4 ,brilliant4 ,ta-tee-yo-pah4 ,h] ,door4 ,happy ,ho/ess4 ,wee-ta%-nah4 ,virg94 ,unt\*$4 ,tak-*a-wee4 ,doe4 ,lov+4 ,*ah-pah-wee4 ,beav]4 ,indu/ri\s4 ,an-pay-too4 ,day4 ,radiant4 ,wik-mun-kee-wee4 ,ra9b[4 ,return ( ,bless+4 ,& "s ,ojibway girls' names4 ,man-e-d-b9-es4 ,_s ,bird1 or ,bird ,_s4 ,o-m9-o-tah-g4 ,pleasant ,voice4 ,ke-we-d9-ok4 ,woman ( ! ,w9d4 ,a-ya-%e4 ,little ,"o4 ,a-be-da-bun4 ,peep ( ,day1 ,ke-zhe-ko-ne4 ,fire ,briskly ,burn+4 ,o-dah-+-um4 ,ripple on ! ,wat]4 ,me-o-quan-ee4 ,clo!d 9 ,r$4 ,nah-tah-ak-on4 ,exp]t ,canoei/4 ,%e-%e-b5s4 ,little ,duck4 ,a-be-qua4 ,%e ,/ays at ,home4 ,,xviii--,,! ,,language ,,( ,,fea!rs ,,& ,,c]emonial ,,dress ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! we>+ ( fea!rs is n peculi> to ! ,indians1 except 9 ! value atta*$ to !m z symbols ( "* & true wor?4 ,any "o may we> any sort ( fea!r z ornam5t m]ely1 or 9 imitation ( ! old-"t w>rior1 b ) him x 0 a s]i\s affair4 ,he adopt$ only ! fea!rs ( c]ta9 birds1 & ^! mu/ be worn 9 accordance ) well-und]/ood law & cu/om4 ,! foll[+ birds are held 9 especially high honor3 namely1 ! eagle1 rav51 & falcon1 commonly call$ hawk4 ,b x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t z f> z ! ,indian is conc]n$1 !re is only "o hawk t holds an honorable position3 t is ! ,am]ican falcon4 ,he is d>+ to recklessness 9 8 me?ods ( w>f>e & hunt+1 & ?\gh n l>ge1 is swift & graceful4 ,! rav5 is held next to ! eagle 9 dignity & wisdom2 & ! owl comes next on ! roll ( honor$ birds4 ,"s ( ! wat]-f[l1 su* z ! loon1 cormorant1 & pelican1 play a m9or "p 9 our my?s & folklore1 b 9 ! w>riors' codes & emblems only ! da%+ & c\rage\s birds ( prey are p]mitt$ to appe>--! ,am]ican eagle /&+ fir/4 ,! fea!rs ( ?is bird are highly priz$1 s9ce !y /& = brave de$s & =m a w>rior's record4 ,!y are v>i\sly worn among diff]5t tribes4 ,p]haps ! be/ & complete/ sy/em 0 develop$ by ! ,si\x nation2 a sy/em :i* 0 gradually adopt$ by _! neighbors on ! pla9s1 & :i* ,i %all foll[ closely4 ,no ,si\x may we> an eagle's tail-fea!r unless he has c\nt$ a c\p1 or /roke1 ^u an enemy1 dead or alive4 ,if 9 a battle1 ! de$ is witness$ by 8 fell[-w>riors2 b if he 0 alone :5 he made ! c\nt1 he mu/ h unmi/akable pro(1 or ! fea!r is n aw>d$4 ,!re are f\r c\p c\nts on ea* enemy1 & ^! are secur$ 9 succession4 ,ev5 ^u a liv+ enemy1 if he is ov]p[]$ & held captive1 ^! f\r c\nts c\ld prop]ly be %>$ by ! w>riors4 ,b x is obvi\s t 9 mo/ cases !y are v difficult to secure4 ,a man may /rike an enemy 9 a h&-to-h& battle1 or1 z y w\ld say1 9 a mix-up1 & he gets away )\t be+ kill$ or ev5 s]i\sly hurt4 ,9 ?is case1 only "o c\p is c\nt$4 ,aga91 _m foes are kill$ ^u ^: bodies no c\p at all is c\nt$1 because x is impossible to obta91 & ^u o!rs1 "o or two may be tak5 ) mu* difficulty & sup]b d>+ 9 ! face ( ! enemy's fire4 ,h]e9 lies ! relative value ( individual fea!rs1 & ! degree ( valor %[n or difficulty enc\nt]$ det]m9es ! subsidi>y trimm+s1 tassels1 & ornam5ts4 ,prim>ily1 e eagle fea!r worn by a w>rior repres5ts a c\p giv5 9 battle4 ,?is is important to rememb]4 ,no o!r fea!r /&s = ! same ?+1 ?\gh diff]5t degrees ( c\rage & endurance may be express$ by o!r fea!rs4 ,= in/ance1 a gr\p ( rav5 or ( ,canadian goose fea!rs trimm$ on ! sides1 indicates t ! we>] has be5 w\nd$ 9 battle m ?an once4 ,a s+le goose fea!r dy$ r$ & trimm$1 means t ! we>] 0 sev]ely w\nd$ 9 battle4 ,sometimes a man we>s an eagle fea!r dy$ or trimm$1 mean+ t he 0 w\nd$ at ! "t he c\nt$ ! c\p4 ,an eagle fea!r not*$ & ! cut dy$ r$1 means t ! we>] c\nt$ ! c\p & took ! scalp also1 b 0 w\nd$ :ile s do+4 ,he may h ! fea!r cut (f at ! tip1 %[+ t he kill$ 8 foe & c\nt$ ! c\p on t same enemy4 ,if he f\ght a desp]ate battle1 ) ! odds aga9/ him1 9 :i* he came (f victor1 he may tip 8 eagle's fea!r ) buffalo hair2 & if he c\nt$ c\p 9 a *>ge on horseback 9 ! face ( imm95t dang]1 he may tip x ) hair f a horse's tail4 ,among "s tribes1 ! we>+ ( a split fea!r d5otes t ! we>] has be5 w\nd$1 & :5 ! fea!r is clipp$ (f at ! tip1 t he has tak5 a scalp4 ,:5 a w>rior we>s "o eagle fea!r upright & ! re/ droop+1 x indicates t he 0 surr\nd$ 9 company ) a p>ty ( w>riors ( :om he 0 ! sole survivor4 ,z ,i h said1 ! ,indian might we> z _m eagle fea!rs z he _h c\nt$ c\ps4 ,:5 he _h won a numb] ( ^! 9 difficult circum/ances1 & _h be5 held at bay & surr\nd$ by ! enemy1 b succe$$ 9 gett+ away1 he 0 entitl$ to a regul> w>-bonnet4 ,only an exceptional record ( _m battles 9 :i* he _h %[n great coolness1 skill1 & d>+1 entitl$ him to ! long1 trail+ w>-bonnet ( _m plumes4 ,!re are o!r ornam5ts & portions ( a w>rior's dress t be> a special significance4 ,if he has be5 9 ! vangu>d ( battle m ?an once & l$ c\nt]-*>ges1 he may we> ! :ole sk9 ( a rav5 on 8 back 9 ! dances4 ,if he has pursu$ 8 enemy into ! ho/ile camp & kill$ him !re1 he may we> an ott] sk9 slit up ! middle s t 8 head comes ?r\gh1 & ! head ( ! animal hangs ^u 8 *e/4 ,a g>t] made ( skunk's sk9 ) ! head & tail on1 %[s t he has successfully tak5 a scalp "u ! enemy's fire4 ,he we>s a grizzly be>'s claws :5 he has be5 surr\nd$1 b *>g$ s+ly1 be>-l1 & repuls$ ! enemy4 ,! paws ( a grizzly be>1 claws & all1 d5ote t he has knock$ (f or pull$ (f ! foe 9 a m\nt$ enc\nt]4 ,! de]-tail head-ge> dy$ 9 %ades ( r$1 ) a ?9 squ>e ( bone1 resembl+ ivory1 9 ! c5t]1 to :i* "o or m eagle fea!rs are atta*$1 is equival5t to ! eagle fea!r w>-bonnet4 ,! quill end ( ea* fea!r is plac$ 9 ! holl[ ( a goose's w+-bone emboss$ ) ! beautiful iridesc5t neck-sk9 ( a drake1 & ! :ole =ms an impos+ ornam5t4 ,! we>+ ( ! sk9s ( c]ta9 animals & birds repres5ts ! totem1 or1 z x 71 ! coat-(-arms ( ! ,indian4 ,^! symbols take a wide range1 almo/ e famili> bird & animal1 ev5 fi% & reptiles1 be+ us$ z a sort ( *>m or talisman1 "s = heal+1 & o!rs = protection f h>m4 ,b ^! ?+s are n m]e dead fea!rs or sk9s to ! ,indians2 !y symbolize an appeal to ! bro!rly _s ( ! animal repres5t+ _! individual lodge or clan1 & are honor$ 9 recognition ( ! wond]ful intuitive p[] ( ! dumb creatures4 ,! ,indian believes t in/9ct comes m directly f ! ,great ,my/]y ?an reason ev52 :y else does an animal or *ild %[ wisdom )\t ?\ght8 ,! addition ( an erm9e sk9 to ! w>-bonnet is an honor t few w>riors e>n$ 9 ! old days4 ,x is a degree ( ! highe/ type4 ,! man :o is recogniz$ z a pa/ ma/] ( c\rage1 hav+ a*iev$ all ! decorations ( a patriot & a true w>rior1 dauntless 9 w>1 yet g5tle at home1 a fri5d & a bro!r--he alone may we> erm9e ^u 8 w>-bonnet1 or trim 8 c]emonial %irt ) ! beautiful :ite fur4 ,! addition ( buffalo-hair trimm+ to a w>rior's bonnet or %irt or legg+s is an indication t he has tak5 _m scalps4 ,if he is a *ief1 he may ev5 h a buffalo tail dangle f "o ( 8 teepee poles4 ,no "o may d s )\t ! au?ority ( ! tribe4 ,nei!r c ! c\ncilors conf] ^! degrees )\t actual pro( ( s]vice4 ,no favoritism is possible "u our sy/em1 & ! highe/ degrees are conf]r$ only ^u m5 :o h be5 tri$ aga9 & aga9 by e conceivable ordeal4 ,h]oism is common1 because ! univ]sal _s ( gallantry & *ivalry requires x4 ,at a public dance1 an ,indian may rec\nt "s p>ticul> brave de$4 ,?is he acts out = ! b5efit ( ! y\ng] elem5t4 ,he c\ld n add any?+ to x1 because ! ev5t is already well kn[n4 ,:5 ! old cu/oms 7 intact1 x 0 ! old w>riors :o claim$ ?is privilege1 & !y1 too1 7 all[$ to pa9t _! bodies 9 imitation ( _! sev]e w\nds4 ,i rememb] v well 9 a great tribal dance t !re 7 _m ( ^! old m5 :o enact$ _! de$s ) great _s1 & "o _h pa9t$ ! upp] half ( 8 face black1 ) zig-zag l9es repres5t+ lightn+1 ! :ole symbolic ( a t]rific battle4 ,! l[] "p ( 8 face1 ev5 ) ! m\? & includ+ x 0 pa9t$ r$1 ) /reaks runn+ d[n ^u ! *94 ,e ,indian w\ld "k t he _h be5 w\nd$ 9 ! m\?4 ,ano!r _h pa9t$ 9 ! middle ( 8 broad *e/ a r$ hole1 & f x !re ran "s r$ /reaks1 ) a f9e ,cr[ arr[ depict$ 9 reali/ic fa%ion4 ,^! cu/oms h _! b>b>\s side1 b a really t\*+ feature is t a w>rior always %>es 8 honors ) 8 w>-horse4 ,su* a horse may we> an eagle plume 9 8 =elock z pr\dly z 8 ma/]1 8 tail or mane may be trimm$ & dy$ accord+ to 8 rid]'s w> record1 or he may be made to m\rn = him by hav+ x cut q %ort4 ,sometimes an ackn[l$g$ w>rior decorates 8 long pipe-/em or ! h&le ( 8 w>-club4 ,b no p]son c we> ! honorable insignia ( ano!r2 9 fact1 he c we> none t h n be5 aw>d$ to him 9 due c\rse by ! c\ncil ( 8 tribe4 ,! ,boy ,sc\ts may1 if !y *oose1 adapt ?is sy/em to ! honors c\nt$ 9 _! organization1 grad+ ! v>i\s exploits 9 accordance ) ! real manhood ne$$ to accompli% !m4 ,,xix--,,indian ,,c]emonies ,,= ,,boy ,,sc\ts ,indian c]emonies are always 9 dem&1 & ,i %all give y sev]al :i* h be5 specially adapt$ to y\r use f ! anci5t rites ( ! ,si\x nation4 ,,! ,,ay-,,*ay-,,tee1 ,,or ,,sc\t',s ,,bonfire ,?is is suppos$ to br+ success 9 w> & hunt+1 & may be k9dl$ by a b& ( ,sc\ts on ! eve ( a long hike1 or any important und]tak+1 or z a c]emony ( initiation ( new memb]s4 ,! "o appo9t$ to act z ,lead] or ,m$ic9e-man lays 9 a conv5i5t place a pile ( dry wood = ! c]emonial fire1 to :i* ! ,sc\ts are summon$ by a h]ald4 ,he goes ! r\nds ) a camp horn1 bidd+ all come to ! ,ay-*ay-tee :5 ! sun is at a c]ta9 height 9 ! heav5s1 pref]ably ne> sunset4 ,! ,m$ic9e-man %\ld be attir$ 9 full ,indian co/ume1 & prep>$ to act ! "p ( a man full ( ye>s & wisdom4 ,z fire is ! symbol ( en?usiasm1 en]gy1 & devotion1 & is ) ! ,indians a /rictly mascul9e emblem1 x is fit t ! "y m5 ga!r ab\t x be=e go+ ^u a j\rney or w>-pa?4 ,:5 all h assembl$ 9 ! usual circle1 dress$ ei!r 9 ,indian co/ume or ,sc\t's uni=m1 ! ,lead]1 /&+ 9 ! c5t] ( ! r+ beside ! prep>$ wood1 k9dles a new fire by means ( ! b[ & drill1 fl9t & /eel1 or rubb+ /icks4 ,he !n takes up ! long-h&l$ calumet or peace-pipe1 :i* has previ\sly be5 fill$ ) dri$ suma* leaves1 r$ will[ b>k1 or o!r aromatic h]b1 k9dles x ) a coal f ! sacr$ fire1 & rev]5tly hold+ x be=e him 9 bo? h&s1 ) ! /em po9t+ upw>d & =w>d1 exclaims3 ,to ! ,great ,_s 7or ,great ,my/]y7 :o is ov] all6 ,! ,sc\ts answ] 9 unison3 ,ho6 ,!n1 turn+ ! /em ( ! pipe d[nw>d1 ! ,lead] says3 ,to our ,gr&mo!r1 ! ,e>?6 ,! ,sc\ts answ]3 ,ho6 ,he ?us holds ! pipe successively t[>d ! f\r po9ts ( ! compass1 exclaim+ z he does s3 ,to ! ,ea/ ,w9d6 ! ,we/ ,w9d6 ! ,nor? ,w9d6 ! ,s\? ,w9d6 & ea* "t all answ]3 ,ho6 ,! ,lead] next holds ! /em ( ! pipe t[>d ! fir/ ,sc\t1 :o1 /epp+ =w>d & t\*+ x solemnly1 repeats 9 an audible voice ! ,sc\t's ,oa?3 ,i promise to obey my ,lead]1 to seek honor above all ?+s1 & t nei!r pa9 nor dang] %all keep me f do+ my duty6 ,aft] ! pipe has ?us gone r\nd ! circle1 x is laid beside ! fire1 & all ! ,sc\ts *ant1 or recite 9 unison1 ! ,/rong ,he>t ,song3 ,we are ! ,sc\ts ( ---- 7"n ( b& or brigade72 ,we are ! /rong-he>t$2 ,we g =w>d1 fe>+ no?+1 to fulfill our v[6 ,all n[ dance ar\nd ! fire1 go+ ?r\gh ! actions ( a ,sc\t on ! enemy's trail4 ,a drum beat5 9 quick "t is ! prop] accompanim5t to ?is dance1 or x may be p]=m$ to ! *ant & h&-clapp+ ( ! ,lead]4 7,= o!r songs & musical airs1 see ,alice ,flet*]'s ,indian ,/ory & ,song47 ,f9ally ! ,sc\ts leave ! r+ "o by "o1 ea*1 z he disappe>s 9 ! %ad[s1 giv+ ! yelp ( ! wolf--! ,indian ,sc\t's call4 ,:5 a ,sc\t returns to camp ) news1 he is met by ! c\ncilors seat$ 9 a circle ab\t ! fire1 & be=e giv+ 8 report1 takes ! oa? ( ! pipe 9 ! pa/ t5se1 ?us3 ,i h obey$ my ,lead]1 h s\ght honor above all ?+s1 & nei!r pa9 nor dang] has kept me f do+ my duty6 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! matt] is urg5t1 & !re is little "t = c]emony1 he may1 on ent]+ ! circle1 kick d[n & scatt] a small pile ( wood :i* has be5 plac$ 9 read9ess1 ?is act con/itut+ 8 oa? t he has fai?fully p]=m$ 8 task4 ,,! ,,be> ,,dance ,?is is "o ( a class ( c]emonies common among ,indians1 9 :i* ! actors masqu]ade z animals4 ,be>s1 wolves1 buffalo1 elk1 & o!rs are repres5t$ ) elaborate co/um+ & imag]y4 ,! ,be> is ! emblem ( c\rage4 ,9 ?is dance "o ( ! play]s is *os5 to repres5t ! ,be>1 & %\ld be made up if possible ) ! sk9 & head ( t animal z a disguise1 o!rwise ) a pa9t$ mask4 ,a small arbor ( gre5 b\ghs =ms ! d51 f :i* he issues f "t to "t 9 %ort ru%es1 gr[l+ z savagely z possible1 & is teas$ ) swit*es 9 ! h&s ( ! o!r play]s4 ,if any "o c t\* ! ,be> )\t be+ himself t\*$1 he scores "o po9t1 b if t\*$1 he loses five po9ts4 ,if he trips & falls :ile runn+1 he is out ( ! game4 ,:5ev] ! pace becomes too swift = him1 ! ,be> may retreat to 8 d51 :]e he is safe4 ,?is game %\ld la/ a giv5 numb] ( m9utes1 say tw5ty1 at ! end ( :i* ! scores are reckon$ by two tell]s previ\sly detail$1 & ! w9n] ann\nc$4 ,! drum & ,indian songs may accompany ?is ent]ta9m5t1 :i* %\ld be foll[$ by a fea/ ( ,indian di%es1 su* z corn1 v5ison1 maple sug>1 etc41 s]v$ 9 ,indian /yle1 all ! gue/s be+ seat$ cross-legg$ 9 a circle4 ,,! ,,peace ,,c]emony ,?is is a v old rite ( ! ,si\x1 int5d$ to typify ! conque/ ( ! ,?und]-,bird1 :i* is suppos$ to br+ ! lightn+1 & is ! emblem ( de/ruction4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4 ,x is appropriately giv5 9 e>ly summ]1 ! p]iod ( frequ5t ?und]/orms4 ,cut ! figure ( ! ,?und]-,bird f a piece ( bir*-b>k or ?9 wood1 & susp5d f ! top ( a pole fifte5 feet high1 :i* is rais$ 9 ! c5t] ( a r+ sixty feet 9 diamet]1 =m$ ( small b5t sapl+s or will[ w&s4 ,! r+ mu/ h two entrances4 ,at ! foot ( ! pole1 place a b[l ( cle> wat] to repres5t ! ra9 :i* accompanies ! lightn+4 ,on ei!r side /& two small boys1 dress$ 9 r$ or we>+ r$ ab\t _! clo?+1 & c>ry+ w>-clubs 9 _! h&s4 ,^! boys repres5t ,w>4 ,n[ all ! ,sc\ts ent] ! r+ 9 s+le file1 dress$ 9 ,sc\ts' uni=m or ,indian co/ume & arm$ ) b[ & arr[s4 ,! drum beats a sl[ tattoo z !y m>* ab\t ! pole1 look+ upw>d t[>d ! figure ( ! ,?und]-,bird & *ant+ ^! l9es3 ,he> u1 ,o ,?und]6 ,he> u1 & tremble6 ,we are ! soldi]s1 ,soldi]s ( peace6 ,at ! close ( ! song1 ea* 9 turn %oots an arr[ at ! image1 & :5 x falls1 ! ,sc\t :o br\ght x d[n mu/ dr9k all ! wat] 9 ! b[l4 ,! w>-clubs are !n tak5 away f ! two little boys repres5t+ ,w>1 :o g out by ! we/]n entrance to ! r+4 ,at ! same "t !re ent] by ! ea/]n entrance two m boys 7or pref]ably girls1 if x is a mix$ assemblage71 clad 9 blue & c>ry+ calumets1 to typify ,peace4 ,^! lead ! second m>* ar\nd ! pole1 :ile all *ant ! second /anza ( ! song3 ,! ,?und] is fall52 ,lo/ are 8 arr[s2 ,peace is ! victor-- ,our "m is ,peace6 ,a heavy /ick ) a l>ge knot or knob on ! end w d = a w>-club1 & if no g5u9e peace-pipe is obta9able1 "o may be improvis$ f a piece ( wood4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4 ,to any or all ( ^! c]emonies spectators may be invit$ 7& among ! ,indians ! :ole village is g5]ally pres5t71 b x is ess5tial t !y ma9ta9 p]fect ord] & absolute sil5ce dur+ ! solemnities4 ,,xx--,,! ,,maid5s' ,,fea/3 ,a ,,c]emony ,,= ,,girls ,a beautiful fe/ival1 celebrat$ ye>ly 9 ! old5 "t among ! ,si\x & o!r ,pla9s ,indians1 0 call$ ! ,maid5s' ,fea/1 & 0 design$ to /imulate a prop] pride & d$ication to duty among ! "y girls ( ! tribe4 ,i %all describe = y an adaptation ( ?is anci5t c]emony1 t may be appropriately us$ by ,camp ,fire ,girls & o!rs on _! summ] out+s4 ,?is fea/ is always giv5 at midsumm]1 9 ! fullness ( bloom & spl5dor1 z befits a ga!r+ ( ! fl[] ( ! village or community4 ,invitations may be issu$ by ! ,gu>dian ( ! ,camp ,fire1 or ,lead] ( ! b& ( girls1 9 ! =m ( ?9 leaves ( bir*-b>k or small bun*es ( sweet-grass4 ,ano!r way ( giv+ ! invitation1 if all ! girls are 9 camp1 is to engage ! s]vices ( "s man ) a bugle or camp-horn to act z h]ald4 ,he %\ld dress 9 ,indian co/ume & make ! r\nds e>ly 9 ! morn+1 bl[+ ! horn & declaim+ 9 a l\d voice some:at z foll[s3 ,he> ye1 he> ye1 all ! p6 ,! maid5s ( ! 444 ,camp ,fire are summon$ to repair at noon to-day to ! ,sacr$ ,/one 9 ! middle ( ! encampm5t1 !re to hold ! annual fea/6 ,he> ye1 he> ye6 ,! maid5s all come 9 c]emonial attire1 & full ,indian co/ume is indisp5sable to ! prop] effect4 ,! hair is arrang$ 9 =w>d-turn+ plaits1 & surm\nt$ by a mode/ wrea? or fillet ( wild fl[]s4 ,!y advance sil5tly1 9 s+le file1 & =m a r+ ab\t ! ,sacr$ ,/one1 a rudely he>t-%ap$ or pyramidal b\ld]1 :i* has be5 t\*$ lightly ) r$ pa9t4 ,beside ! ,/one1 two new arr[s are ?ru/ into ! e>?4 ,! rock symbolizes p]man5ce1 or ! un*angeable =ces ( nature2 ! arr[s1 nature's puni%m5t = disob$i5ce4 ,n[ ! lead] ( ! maid5s /eps out ( ! r+1 & lay+ h] "r h& ^u ! summit ( ! ,/one1 pron\nces 9 cle> tones ! ,maid5s' ,v[3 ,^u ?is ,/one ,i take ! maid5's tw(old v[2 ! v[ ( purity--my duty to myself2 ! pl$ge ( s]vice--my duty to o!rs6 ,%e !n /eps back & seats h]self sidewise on ! gr\nd 9 ! r+4 ,ea* 9 turn takes ! v[ 9 ! same mann] until ! maid5s' circle is complete4 ,!n all rise & *ant1 or recite 9 unison1 ! ,maid5s' ,song3 ,we are ! maid5s ( ---- 7"n ( b&72 ,our faces are turn$ t[>d ! morn+2 ,9 our he>ts is ! summ] ( promise2 ,9 our h&s 7make cup ( bo? h&s7 we hold ! new g5]ation6 ,unit$ we g to meet ! future1 ,arm$ ) tru? to ourselves1 & ) love = all6 ,at ! close ( ! song1 all take h&s & dance f\r times ab\t ! ,/one1 ea* "t rev]s+ ! movem5t4 ,la/ly1 !y seat !mselves aga9 9 ! same ord]1 & ! fea/ is s]v$ by h&+ x ab\t ! circle1 ea* maid5 tak+ h] portion 9 h] own bas91 or b[l1 & eat+ x ) h] own spoon1 hav+ br\ght ^! ) h] accord+ to ! ,indian cu/om4 ,appropriate di%es = ! fea/ w\ld be rice ) maple sug> 7wild rice if obta9able71 gre5 corn or succota%1 b]ries & nuts1 maize cakes or pop-corn da9ties1 or any /rictly native product4 ,aft] ! food is s]v$1 x is p]mitt$ = ! fir/ "t to talk & laugh1 all gravity & decorum hav+ be5 pres]v$ by p>ticipants & spectators dur+ ! entire c]emony4 ,! p>5ts & fri5ds ( ! "y wom5 %\ld be invit$1 if conv5i5t1 to witness ! ,maid5s' ,fea/1 & a *>act]i/ic ,indian feature w\ld be add$ if "s ( !m %\ld desire to signalize ! occasion by gifts to "s ne$y p]son or cause4 ,su* gifts %\ld be ann\nc$ at ! close ( ! fe/ival4 ,,xxi--,,! ,,ge/ure--,,language ,,( ,,! ,,indian ,! ,am]ican ,indian is extremely pictorial 9 8 habits ( ?\ght & 9 8 modes ( expression4 ,ev5 8 e-day spee* is full ( symbols drawn f ! natural _w4 ,yet m poetic & descriptive 9 "* is t =m ( communication prop]ly call$ ge/ure spee*1 b commonly kn[n z ,indian sign-language4 ,?is language is mo/ fully develop$ among ! tribes ( ! ,great ,pla9s1 _m ( :om speak entirely diff]5t tongues1 = use 9 _! frequ5t meet+s1 ei!r accid5tal or = ! purpose ( conclud+ a treaty ( peace4 ,x is also us$ by deaf mutes among ,indians4 ,x has be5 le>n$ & elaborately writt5 out by sev]al au?orities1 *ief ( :om is ,capta9 ,w4 ,r4 ,cl>k ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army4 ,be+ und]/ood by few1 x w s]ve excell5tly z a secret code1 s mu* desir$ by "y p1 & is especially appropriate to ! c]emonials ( ,boy ,sc\ts & ,camp ,fire ,girls4 ,we ,indian boys 7 taught f babyhood to be sil5t1 to li/5 to ! ?+s t nature is say+ all ab\t u4 ,b s9ce x is h>d = a heal?y boy to keep 8 discov]ies & obs]vations entirely to himself1 he mu/ devise "s outlet4 ,our sil5t communication1 our wireless1 0 ! ge/ure-language4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t among ,indians ! :ole body speaks1 & t all oratory1 & ev5 conv]sation1 is accompani$ by graceful & significant ge/ures4 ,! accompli%$ us] w make ! signs h]e9 describ$ rapidly & smoo?ly1 inve/+ ! :ole ) g5u9e *>m1 z a novel k9d ( pantomime4 ,= x w be se5 t ^! are no arbitr>y signs1 b actual air-pictures1 & n manual only1 s9ce !y include a v>iety ( movem5ts & consid]able facial expression4 ,! con/ruction or gramm> ( ! sign-language is simple4 ,adjectives foll[ n\ns1 conjunctions & prepositions are omitt$1 & v]bs are us$ 9 ! pres5t t5se only4 ,! foll[+ signs1 well-le>n$1 w enable "o to c>ry on a %ort conv]sation1 & _m m may be devis$ along ^! l9es by an +5i\s boy or girl4 ,att5tion1 or ,"q4 ,hold "r h&1 palm outw>d1 f+]s & ?umb sep>at$1 well out 9 front ( body at height ( %\ld]4 ,?is is us$ to beg9 a conv]sation4 ,i und]/&4 ,?r[ "r =e>m out 9 front ( body ) f+]s clos$1 except index f+]1 :i* is curv$ & drawn back4 ,?is indicates t y grasp & draw some?+ t[>d y1 & is us$ occasionally :ile ano!r is talk+4 ,if y d n und]/&1 use ! ,"q sign4 ,i4 ,t\* brea/ ) index f+] ( "r h&4 ,glad4 7,sun%9e 9 ! he>t47 ,place compress$ "r h&1 f+]s slightly curv$1 ov] region ( he>t2 br+ left h&1 palm d[nw>d1 9 sweep+ curve to left ( body1 at ! same "t turn+ x palm upw>d1 z if turn+ up or unfold+ some?+4 ,! expression ( ! face %\ld correspond4 ,sad4 ,place ! clos$ fi/ aga9/ ! he>t4 ,appropriate facial expression4 ,surpris$4 ,cov] m\? ) palm ( "r h&1 op5 eyes widely1 & move head slightly backw>d4 ,angry4 7,m9d twi/$47 ,place clos$ "r fi/ aga9/ =ehead & twi/ f "r to left4 ,a%am$4 7,blanket ov] face47 ,br+ bo? h&s1 palms inw>d1 f+]s t\*+1 9 front ( & ne> ! face4 ,good4 7,level ) he>t47 ,hold ext5d$ "r h&1 back up1 close to region ( he>t2 move briskly =w>d & to "r4 ,bad4 7,?r[ away47 ,hold "o or bo? h&s1 clos$1 9 front ( body1 backs upw>d2 op5 ) a snap1 at ! same "t mov+ !m outw>d & d[nw>d4 ,brave1 ,/rong4 ,hold firmly clos$ left h& 9 front ( body1 left arm po9t+ to "r & front2 br+ clos$ "r h& above & a little 9 front ( left1 & /rike d[nw>ds1 imitat+ ! bl[ ( a hamm]4 7,?is ge/ure1 vigor\sly made1 int5sifies any previ\s /atem5t or description47 ,alone4 ,hold up index f+]4 ,on ,horseback4 ,place fir/ & second f+] ( "r h& a/ride left index f+]4 ,motion ( gallop+ may be made1 or a ,fall f ! horse repres5t$4 ,t5t1 or ,wigwam4 ,br+ bo? h&s toge!r at ! f+] tips1 =m+ a cone4 ,h\se4 ,int]lock f+]s ( bo? h&s1 hold+ !m at "r angles4 ,camp4 ,sign = ,t5t1 !n =m circle ) arms & h&s 9 front ( body4 ,city1 or ,village4 ,sign = ,h\se1 !n ,camp sign4 ,sleep4 ,incl9e head to "r & re/ *eek on "r palm4 ,= go+ into camp1 or to indicate ! l5g? ( a j\rney1 make sign = ,sleep & hold up z _m f+]s z nights 7 sp5t on ! way4 ,"t is told by indicat+ ! position ( ! sun2 ! ,seasons z foll[s3 ,spr+4 7,little grass47 ,hold h&s1 palms upw>d1 well d[n 9 front1 f+]s & ?umbs well sep>at$ & slightly curv$2 sep>ate h&s slightly4 ,!n hold "r h& 9 front ( body1 back to "r1 clos+ f+]s s t only tip ( index f+] projects4 7,?is la/ sign = ,little47 ,summ]4 ,sign = ,grass1 hold+ h&s at height ( wai/4 ,autumn4 7,fall+ leaves47 ,hold "r h& above head1 f+]s clos$1 except index f+] & ?umb1 :i* =m ne>ly a circle2 br+ h& sl[ly d[nw>d ) wav]+ motion4 ,w9t]4 ,hold clos$ h&s 9 front ( body & sev]al in*es ap>t2 give %iv]+ motion to h&s4 ,to indicate ,age1 give sign = ,w9t] & hold up f+]s2 all c\nt+ is done 9 ! same way1 9 multiples ( t52 z1 = "o hundr$1 op5 & close f+]s ( bo? h&s t5 times4 ,color is usually indicat$ by po9t+ to "s object ( ! color spok5 (4 ,bro!r4 ,t\* fir/ & second f+] to lips4 ,si/]4 ,sign = ,bro!r1 & t = ,woman4 ,woman4 7,long hair47 ,br+ bo? palms d[n sides ( head1 %\ld]s1 & bosom1 ) sweep+ ge/ure4 ,love4 ,cross bo? arms ov] bosom4 ,give ,me4 ,hold "r h& well out 9 front ( body1 palm upw>d1 close1 & br+ 9 t[>d body4 ,beautiful4 ,hold palms up l mirror 9 front ( face2 make sign = ,good4 ,ugly4 ,same z above1 ) sign = ,bad4 ,peace4 ,clasp bo? h&s 9 front ( body4 ,qu>rel4 ,hold index f+]s1 po9t+ upw>d1 opposite & a few in*es ap>t2 move %>ply t[>d ea* o!r1 alt]nat+ motion4 ,li>4 7,=k$ tongue47 ,br+ sep>at$ fir/ & second f+]s ( "r h& close to lips4 ,sc\t4 7,?is is also ! sign = ,wolf47 ,hold fir/ & second f+]s ( "r h&1 ext5d$ & po9t+ upw>d1 ne> "r %\ld]1 to indicate po9t$ e>s4 ,trail4 ,hold ext5d$ h&s1 palms up1 side by side 9 front ( body2 move "r to re> & left to front a few in*es2 alt]nate motion4 ,x is f9i%$4 ,br+ clos$ h&s 9 front ( body1 ?umbs up1 second jo9ts t\*+2 !n sep>ate4 ,?is sign ends a spee* or conv]sation4 ,,xxii--,,indian ,,picture-,,writ+ ,! ,indian is some?+ ( an impressioni/ 9 ! matt] ( te*nique4 ,?\gh possess$ ( great manual dext]ity1 he does n c>e1 z a rule1 to reproduce an object exactly1 b r to sugge/ 8 fundam5tal conception ( x4 ,ea* draw+ /&s = an idea1 & its symbolic "* gives x a c]ta9 my/]y & dignity 9 our eyes4 ,x is usual to repres5t an animal 9 action1 9 ord] to indicate m cle>ly its real or imag9>y attributes4 ,?us a horse is %[n runn+1 a buffalo or be> fight+1 or 9 a humor\s attitude4 ,pictorial hi]oglyphics are m]ely crude pictures drawn & pa9t$ ^u lea!r or bir*-b>k1 or cut into ! trunk ( a conv5i5t tree1 or p]haps ^u a h>d clay bank1 & sometimes ev5 scrat*$ ) a h>d /one ^u ! face ( a cliff4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y repres5t hi/ory & biography1 & s]ve to supplem5t & au!nticate our oral traditions4 ,o!rs are communications int5d$ = "s "o :o is likely to pass t way1 & give important in=mation4 ,! p]son or p]sons :om x is desir$ to rea* ne$ n be address$1 b ! s5d] ( ! message signs 8 "n fir/1 z 9 a lett] ( c]emony4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4 ,suppose ,*>g+ ,eagle is on ! w>-pa? & wi%es to communicate ) 8 fri5ds4 ,he cuts ^u ! b>k ( a conspicu\s tree beside ! trail ! figure ( an eagle swoop+ d[nw>d1 be>+ 9 its beak a w>-club4 ,! news he gives is t 8 "y m5 br\ght home a h]d ( horses tak5 f ! enemy4 ,he draws fir/ a teepee2 fac+ x are sev]al free horses1 & imm$iately beh9d !m two or ?ree rid]s ) w>-bonnets on _! heads1 lead+ ano!r horse4 ,la/ ( all are "s horses' footpr9ts4 ,! free horses repres5t =ce1 & ! l$ horse expresses captivity4 ,! fact t ! m5 we> _! w>-bonnets1 indicates a /ate ( w>4 ,! ev5t is dat$ by draw+ ! symbol ( ! mon? 9 :i* x occurr$1 foll[$ by ! outl9e ( ! moon 9 its fir/1 second1 ?ird1 or f\r? qu>t]1 d>k or full1 z ! case may be4 ,! wax+ moon op5s t[>d ! "r1 ! wan+ moon t[>d ! left4 ,to be /ill m exact1 ! *ief may draw ! sun ) its rays1 foll[$ by an op5 h& ) z _m f+]s ext5d$ z days h pass$ s9ce ! ev5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4 ,! ?irte5 moons ( ! ye> are nam$ diff]5tly by diff]5t ,indian tribes4 ,i w give ! names & symbols commonly us$ by ! ,si\x1 beg9n+ ) nature's new ye>1 ! e>ly spr+4 #a4 ,i%-tah-wee-*ah-ya-zan-wee4 ,moon ( ,sore ,eyes4 #b4 ,mah-gah-o-kah-dah-wee4 ,moon ( ,ducks' ,eggs4 #c4 ,wah-to-pah-wee4 ,canoe+ ,moon4 #d4 ,wee-pah-zoo-kah-wee4 ,june-,b]ry ,moon4 #e4 ,wah-%oon-pah-wee4 ,moon ( ,m\lt+ ,fea!rs4 #f4 ,*an-pah-sap-ah-wee4 ,moon ( ,black ,*]ries4 #g4 ,ps9-ah-tee-wee4 ,wild-,rice ,ga!r+ ,moon4 #h4 ,wah-soo-ton-wee'4 ,moon ( ,gre5 ,corn4 #i4 ,wok-sah-pee-wee'4 ,moon ( ,corn ,h>ve/4 #aj4 ,tah-kee-yoo-hah-wee'4 ,moon ( ,mat+ ,de]4 #aa4 ,tah-hay-*ap-%oon-wee4 ,moon ( ,dropp+ ,de] horns4 #ab4 ,wee-tay-ghee4 ,moon ( ,sev]e ,cold4 #ac4 ,we-*ah-tah-wee4 ,raccoon's ,moon4 ,9 ! old days1 !re 7 _m diff]5t b&s ( ! ,si\x1 :o w&]$1 dur+ ! ye>1 ov] a wide ext5t ( c\ntry4 ,?us news 0 spread bo? by signal communication & by pictographs1 :5 x 0 impossible to communicate by ^w ( m\?4 ,?is p>ticul> message ( ,*>g+ ,eagle's 0 n only news1 b also a w>n+ to travel]s to be on _! gu>d1 = ! enemy might seek to retaliate1 & "s innoc5t p]sons be surpris$ & made to pay de>ly = ano!r's exploit4 ,9 picture-writ+1 ! head ( man or animal is emphasiz$1 ) its di/+ui%+ peculi>ity ( head-ge>1 or e>s1 or horns1 :ile ! body is b>ely outl9$4 ,! w>rior is repres5t$ by a rude figure ( a man we>+ a w>-bonnet1 or c>ry+ a c\p-/aff4 ,w>riors return+ successful are %[n approa*+ a gr\p ( teepees1 c>ry+ scalps on poles4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ! writ]'s camp has be5 raid$1 ! figures are se5 dep>t+ f ! teepees4 ,a trail1 or j\rney1 is indicat$ by d\ble wavy l9es4 ,if ! travel]s p>t$1 ! trail is bran*$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4 ,lightn+ is repres5t$ by zig-zag l9es ) a sugge/ion ( flames at ! po9ts1 or by a l>ge bird ) zig-zag fla%es issu+ f 8 beak4 ,w9d is indicat$ by toss$ cl\ds2 b = ! f\r w9ds1 or f\r po9ts ( ! compass1 draw a m]e cross1 or a pair ( cross$ arr[s4 ,= ra91 make dots & da%es2 = sn[1 fall+ />s2 = night1 />s above a black l9e1 sometimes add+ a cresc5t moon4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4 ,e ,indian has 8 pictographic signature1 & ?is idea may appropriately be copi$ by ,boy ,sc\ts1 :o w also enjoy communicat+ by ,indian signs & keep+ ! record book or w9t] c\nt 9 ! same mann]4 ,! "n ,sitt+ ,bull1 = example1 is drawn z a buffalo bull sitt+ ^u its haun*es1 ) front feet 9 ! air & toss+ head4 ,spott$ ,tail is a *>g] ) luxuriant fl[+ tail1 /reak$ & spott$ ) :ite4 ,hawk ,eagle signs 8 "n by draw+ a hawk we>+ an eagle fea!r w>-bonnet4 ,big ,t5t draws a l>ge teepee1 ) a buffalo tail dangl+ f ! project+ poles1 to %[ dignity & importance4 ,! autograph ( ,*ief ,bullhead is ! figure ( a man ) ! head ( a bull buffalo1 p]haps surm\nt$ by a w>-bonnet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4 ,! gho/1 or _s1 is repres5t$ by a pair ( eyes look+ f ! sky1 or by ! outl9e ( a bird ) great eyes4 ,pray]1 or ! ,great ,my/]y1 is symboliz$ by ! figure ( a man 9 ! ,indian's pray] attitude--/&+ erect1 ) head uplift$ & ! tips ( 8 f+]s meet+ 9 a %>p angle 9 front ( 8 *e/1 gaz+ at ! figure ( ! sun4 ,,xxiii--,,wood-,,craft ,,& ,,wea!r ,,wisdom ,s9ce ! life ( ! ,indian is "o ( travel & exploration1 n = ! b5efit ( sci5ce1 b = 8 own conv5i5ce & pleasure1 he is accu/om$ to f9d himself 9 pa?less regions--n[ 9 ! deep woods1 n[ ^u ! va/1 %imm]+ prairie1 or aga9 among ! tangl$ wat]-ways ( a mighty lake /udd$ ) hundr$s1 ev5 ?\s&s1 ( wood$ isl&s4 ,h[ does he f9d 8 way s successfully 9 ! pa?less jungle )\t ! aid ( a compass8 y ask4 ,well1 x is no secret4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 8 vision is correct2 & he is n m]ely consci\s ( :at he sees1 b also sub-consci\sly he obs]ves ! pres5ce ( any & all ?+s )9 ! range ( 8 s5ses4 ,if y w\ld le>n 8 sy/em1 y mu/ note ! relative position ( all objects1 & especially ! location ( y\r camp 9 relation to riv]1 lake1 or m\nta94 ,! ,indian is a close /ud5t ( ! topography ( ! c\ntry1 & e l&m>k--hill1 grove1 or unusual tree--is not$ & rememb]$4 ,x is cu/om>y ) ! hunt]s & w>riors to tell _! /ories ( adv5ture mo/ m9utely1 omitt+ no geographical & topographical details1 s t ! boy :o has li/5$ to su* /ories f babyhood c readily id5tify places he has nev] be=e se54 ,?is k9d ( k is simple1 &1 l ! e-day meal1 x is prop]ly dige/$ & assimilat$1 & becomes a "p ( "o's self4 ,x is ?is in/ant1 intellig5t recognition ( e object )9 8 vision 9 8 daily rov+1 :i* fixes ! primitive woodsman's reckon+ ( "t1 di/ance1 & direction4 ,"t is measur$ simply by ! height ( ! sun4 ,%ad[ is ! wild man's dial2 8 own %ad[ is be/4 ,hung] is a good guide :5 ! sun is beh9d ! cl\ds4 ,aga91 ! di/ance travel$ is an indicator1 :5 "o travels ov] kn[n di/ances4 ,9 o!r words1 he keeps 8 s\l at "o ) ! _w ab\t him1 :ile ! ov]-civiliz$ man is tra9$ to dep5d ^u artificial means4 ,he w9ds 8 wat*1 p9s 8 ?\ght to a *ronomet]1 & disconnects himself f ! _w-curr5t2 !n />ts (f on ! well-beat5 road4 ,if he is compell$ to cut across1 he calls = a guide2 9 o!r words1 he borr[s or buys ! m9d ( ano!r4 ,nei!r c he tru/ 8 memory1 b mu/ ne$s h a notebook6 ,! wild man has no *ronomet]1 no y>d/ick1 no unit ( weight1 no field-glass4 ,he is himself a natural be+ 9 t\* ) nature4 ,"s ?+s he does1 he sc>cely kn[s :y2 c]ta9ly he c\ld n expla9 !m4 ,8 calculations are swift z a fla% ( lightn+2 be/ ( all1 !y come out "r6 ,?is may seem incr$ible to "o :o is born an old man2 b !re are /ill "s boys :o h>k back to _! great-great-gr&fa!rs2 !y 7 n born & nurs$ )9 six walls6 ,! colors ( tree1 grass1 & rock tell ! po9ts ( ! compass to ! initiat$4 ,on ! nor? side1 ! b>k is ( a d>k] color1 smoo!r1 & m solid look+2 :ile on ! s\!rn exposure x is ( a light] hue1 because ( m sun%9e1 & r\gh]1 because x has n be5 poli%$ (f by ! heavy beat+ ( sn[ & ra9 9 ! cold season4 ,an ,indian w pass 8 h& ov] ! trunk ( a tree 9 ! d>k & tell y :i* way is nor?2 "s w tell y ! k9d ( tree1 also4 ,! bran*es ( ! tree tell ! same /ory2 on ! s\? side !y gr[ ?ick] & long]1 :ile ! leaves lie m horizontal on ! sunny side1 & m v]tical on ! nor?4 ,aga91 ! dry leaves on ! gr\nd corroborate !m2 on ! nor? side ( ! trees ! leaves are well-pack$ & ov]lay ea* o!r almo/ l %+les4 ,! color & ?ickness ( ! moss on rock or tree also tells ! secret4 ,b ,i mu/ leave "s ?+s = y to discov]2 & ,i advise y to select a rock or tree t is well expos$ to ! elem5ts = a fir/ attempt4 ,( c\rse1 9 well-protect$ localities1 ^! di/9ctions are n s m>k$1 b ev5 !re are disc]nible to a tra9$ eye4 ,if y ev] lose y\r way 9 ! woods1 d n all[ y\rself to become unn]v$4 ,nev] give up4 ,fe> dr[ns m p ?an wat]1 & is a m dang]\s enemy ?an ! wild]ness4 ,a normal man1 ) "s k ( out-(-doors1 c )\t mu* ef=t keep 9 t\* ) 8 />t+-po9t1 &1 h[ev] tortu\sly he may rove1 he w pick ! %orte/ way back4 ,"k exactly :]e y are be=e />t+1 9 relation to ! natural l&m>ks1 & at e halt locate y\rself z ne>ly z possible4 ,measure y\r %ad[ 7x v>ies accord+ to ! season71 & scatt] dry e>?1 leaves1 or grass1 to le>n ! direction ( ! w9d4 ,! wat]%$ is ano!r important po9t to be> 9 m9d4 ,on a cle> night1 look = ! well-kn[n />s1 su* z ! ,great ,dipp]1 :i* lies to ! nor? 9 summ]1 ! h&le po9t+ we/4 ,! ,milky ,way lies nor? & s\?4 ,once y locate ! camp1 y may be guid$ by ^! or by ! w9d 9 night travel4 ,! ,indian1 z an out-(-door man1 e>ly le>ns ! necessity ( a wea!r bureau ( 8 own4 ,he develops x aft] ! fa%ion ( ano!r sy/em ( precaution2 t is1 he takes note ( ! dang]-signals ( ! animals1 ^? unconsci\s cri]s ( ! wild]ness1 bo? ^u wat] & l&4 ,^! h def9ite signals = an approa*+ *ange 9 ! wea!r4 ,= in/ance1 ! wolf tribes give ! /orm call on ! ev5+ be=e4 ,?is call is diff]5t 9 tone f any o!r & cle>ly id5tifi$ by u4 ,horses kick & /amp1 & ! buffalo h]ds l[ n]v\sly4 ,c]ta9 wat]-f[l display a /range agitation :i* !y d n %[ "u any o!r circum/ances4 ,antelopes seek %all[ lakes be=e a ?und]-%[] & /& 9 ! wat]--! ,indians say because lightn+ does n /rike 9 ! wat]4 ,ev5 dogs h[l & make prep>ations to hide _! "y4 ,ducks h _! signal call2 b ! *ief wea!r prophet ( ! lakes is ! loon1 z ! gray wolf or coyote is ( ! prairie4 ,c]ta9 leaves & grass-blades contract or exp& at ! approa* ( /orm1 & ev5 _! color is affect$1 :ile ! w9d 9 ! leaves has a diff]5t s\nd4 ,! waves on ! bea* :isp] ( ! *ange1 & we also obs]ve ! r+ ar\nd ! sun1 & ! opacity & disk ( ! moon4 ,! lone hunt] may be left ) only ! op5 prairie & ! dome ( heav52 b he /ill has 8 grass-blades1 8 morn+ & ev5+ skies4 ,sometimes ! little prairie birds give him ! signal2 or1 if n1 he may fall back ^u 8 old w\nds1 t beg9 to a*e & swell ) ! *ange ( atmosph]e4 ,,xxiv--,,! ,,art ,,( ,,/ory-,,tell+ ,p]haps no o!r p enjoy good /ories bett]1 & are m apt at tell+ !m1 ?an are ! ,indians4 ,?is art1 mo/ highly priz$ 9 a race )\t books1 s]ves z a necess>y outlet to _! imag9ations1 & wond]fully enliv5s _! social & family life4 ,! "t = tell+ ,indian /ories is 9 ! ev5+--be/ ( all1 ar\nd a gl[+ wood fire1 on ! long nights ( w9t]4 ,"h1 e acc5t1 e ge/ure1 has its mean+1 no fa9te/ %ade ( :i* is lo/ ^u ! circle ( att5tive li/5]s4 ,true /ories ( w>f>e & ! *ase are relat$ _m times ov] by actors & eye-witnesses1 t no detail may be =gott54 ,h&$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation1 ^! tales gradually take on ! proportions ( h]oic my? & leg5d4 ,!y blossom into poetry & *ivalry1 & are alive ) my/]y & magic4 ,! pictures are vivid1 & drawn ) few b ma/]ly /rokes4 ,(t5 animals z well z m5 are ! villa9s & h]oes1 & 9 ?is way a grotesque humor is artfully yet naturally develop$4 ,9 ! old days1 x 0 cu/om>y among u = ea* clan to h its (ficial /ory-tell]1 ^: skill 9 mak+ ! mo/ ( 8 mat]ial _h built up a reputation :i* might ext5d ev5 to neighbor+ villages4 ,he 0 n only an ent]ta9] 9 dem& at all social ga!r+s1 b an honor$ s*oolma/] to ! village *ildr54 ,! great secret ( 8 success 0 8 ability to portray a "* or a situation tru?fully1 yet ) j a t\* ( humor\s or dramatic exagg]ation4 ,! sc5e is cle>ly visualiz$2 ! action moves quickly1 ) successive ev5ts lead+ up to ! climax1 :i* mu/ be h&l$ ) mu* dignity & s]i\sness1 or pa?os & gravity may be turn$ upside d[n 9 ! unexpect$ness ( ! cata/rophe4 ,"h is a %ort example ( ,indian /ory-tell+3 ,f> out 9 ! middle ( ! ,bad ,l&s ^u ! ,little ,miss\ri1 !re /&s a pill>-l butte "s f\r or five hundr$ paces 9 height4 ,"h & !re ^u its %e] walls cl+ a few /unt$ p9es & c$>s1 "s hang+ by "o foot1 o!rs by _! great toe only4 ,n "o ( ! _m gul*es t furr[ its sides af=ds a safe pa?1 or ev5 a tol]able ladd] to ! top4 ,!re is g5]ally a pair ( eagles :o bre$ !re1 & an occasional ,rocky ,m\nta9 %eep may be se5 spr++ along its t]races4 ,we ,indians h long reg>d$ ?is butte z a sacr$ temple1 ! v spot = solit>y pray] & fa/+2 b tradition /ates t only two m5 h ev] set foot ^u its summit = ?is purpose4 ,fe>$-by-!-,be> 0 a w>rior ( unque/ion$ brav]y4 ,"o day he ann\nc$ t he w\ld fa/ ^u ,cl\d ,butte4 ,!reupon o!r well-kn[n braves decid$ to fa/ !re also4 ,_! lead] manag$ ! asc5t ) mu* labor & difficulty4 ,:51 j at sunset1 he rea*$ ! summit1 he 0 happy2 ! _w seem$ reveal$ to him 9 all its beauty & maje/y4 ,:]e c su* ano!r %r9e be f\nd8 he ?\ght4 ,he took 8 position ^u a n>r[ projection ( rock ext5d+ ov] ! abyss1 :]e x is said no human be+ has /ood be=e or s9ce4 ,! full moon _h ris51 & ! brave /ood above t silv]$ gulf ( air ) uplift$ fill$ pipe & ext5d$ arm1 pray+ )\t words1 z is our cu/om4 ,sudd5ly 8 e>s rang ) ! cry3 ,haya hy6 ,a grizzly6 ,a grizzly6 ,he 0 compell$ to susp5d 8 devotions = an in/ant1 & to ?r[ a glance 9 ! direction ( ! call4 ,he p]ceiv$ t 8 example _h be5 foll[$1 & t :at seem$ an av5g+ _s 0 pursu+ 8 fell[ wor%ipp]4 ,dodge beh9d a tree6 ,run y\r be/2 he is almo/ ^u y6 he %\t$4 ,b ! ne>e/ tree hung ^u ! v]ge ( ! precipice4 ,if ! man miss$ 8 foot+1 he mu/ g d[n to dea?4 ,!re 0 no "t to consid]4 ,ar\nd ! tree he flew & disappe>$ l a pass+ %ad[4 ,at 8 heels ! desp]ate grizzly1 :o _h prolong$ 8 unwill+ fa/ ^u ! butte = days1 n d>+ to attempt ! desc5t1 lung$ heavily aga9/ ! sway+ c$> to save himself f fall+ headlong4 ,he 0 half a second too late6 ,fe>$-by-!-,be> _h n yet be5 discov]$4 ,he clut*$ 8 long pipe & /ill po9t$ x t[>d ! />ry sky 9 sil5t supplication4 ,inde$1 he _h n[ m imm$iate cause = pray]4 ,waugh6 utt]$ ! hungry be>1 & approa*$ him ) wide-op5 m\?4 ,! dizzy %elf on :i* ! brave /ood _h be5 an eagle's ne/ = ages1 b 0 j n[ unoccupi$4 ,old ,mato1 ! be>1 seem$ reluctant to advance1 = on ei!r side ! %e] rock desc5d$ to a great di/ance4 ,! w>rior m]ely turn$ t[>d him ! fill$ pipe :i* he _h be5 (f]+ to ! ,great ,my/]y4 ,to y\r _s1 ,o ,be>6 ,i (f] ?is peace pipe1 ! same ,i h j (f]$ to ! ,mak] ( u bo?4 ,w y p>take ( x1 & commission me to be z brave & /rong z y\rself8 ,?us speak+1 & )\t %[+ any n]v\sness1 he po9t$ ! long /em ( ! pipe directly at ! be>1 ^u :i* ,mato gr[l$ ungraci\sly1 b did n (f] to come ne>]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he %[$ no int5tion ( leav+1 & ! way to escape 0 block$4 ,fe>$-by-!-,be> light$ 8 pipe ) ! fire mak]1 & smok$ delib]ately4 ,!n he k9dl$ a little fire 9 ! dry twigs ( ! old eagle's ne/4 ,?is seem$ to di/urb ! be>1 :]eupon he boldly ?rew a firebr& at him4 ,! dry leaves caught & blaz$ fi]cely4 ,mato ran = 8 life1 & ) ?is new fright beh9d him1 f\nd no s]i\s difficulty 9 gett+ d[n ! trail4 ,9 due "t1 ! fa/] left 8 position ) all dignity1 & approa*$ ! lean+ c$> tree beh9d :i* 8 fri5d1 z he suppos$1 _h leap$ to dea?4 ,8 fir/ %udd]+ look ov] ! br9k %[$ him t ! "y man /ill hung susp5d$ by 8 h&s f a l>ge bran*4 ,) mu* difficulty he 0 dragg$ up to solid rock1 & 8 involunt>y ordeal br\ght to a close4 ,?is ev5t e/abli%$ ! names & reputations ( ,ov]cliff & ,fe>$-by-!-,be>4 ,,xxv--,,etiquette ,,( ,,! ,,wigwam ,! natural life ( ! ,indian is sav$ f rud5ess & disord] by c]ta9 well-und]/ood rules & conv5tions :i* are inv>iably foll[$4 ,simple z ^! rules may seem1 !y h /ood ! te/ ( "t1 & are univ]sally respect$4 ,y may be able to adapt "s ( !m to ! gov]nm5t ( y\r camp4 ,ea* b& has its *ief1 or lead]1 :o gov]ns ?r\gh 8 c\ncil1 & a h]ald to ann\nce _! decisions4 ,sc\ts & soldi]s are appo9t$ by ! c\ncil4 ,:5 sev]al b&s camp toge!r1 all "k t !re w be no *ange 9 ! g5]al ord]1 aside f a few special & tempor>y rules4 ,! clans simply en=ce ! usual codes conjo9tly1 ?\gh any special s]vice necess>ily c>ries ) x great] honor1 because ( s]v+ a l>g] community4 ,if a memb] ( any b& commits an (f5ce aga9/ "o ( ano!r b&1 all ! *iefs con/itute ! gr& jury4 ,_! v]dict is atte/$ by ! gr& c\ncil1 :ile ! two p]sons affect$ h no voice 9 ! matt]1 except z !y may be call$ ^u to te/ify ( :at !y "k4 ,! puni%m5t decre$ is /rictly c>ri$ out )\t prejudice or favoritism4 ,no boy or man c flee f ! voice & h& ( ju/ice4 ,:]e c he g & be at peace ) 8 own consci5ce8 ,i h said else:]e t ! t5ts are pit*$ 9 a circle1 or gr\p ( circles4 ,9 case ( a l>ge b&1 _! position 9 ! circle is det]m9$ by _! relative /r5g? & reputation4 ,! /ronge/ b& takes its place on ! "r ( ! entrance1 & ! next /ronge/ takes ! left4 ,opposite ! entrance is ! po/ ( honor1 :i* is accord$ to ! greate/ *ief or tempor>y head ( ! l>ge camp4 ,n[ ! family circle 9 ! wigwam is arrang$ on ! same pr9ciple4 ,! circle is symbolic ( life1 also symbolic ( ! day's j\rney4 ,woman rules ! lodge2 !re=e on ! "r ( ! entrance is ! position ( ! gr&mo!r1 if !re is "o4 ,next h] are h] gr&daught]s1 ! y\nge/ ne>e/ h]4 ,!n comes ! gr&fa!r1 & next him ! gr[n sons1 if any2 !n ! fa!r1 & betwe5 him & ! "m1 :o occupies ! fir/ seat on ! left ( ! entrance1 are "o or two ( ! smalle/ *ildr54 ,! gue/ is seat$ opposite ! entrance4 ,x is a rule ( ! ,indian home t ! gr&fa!r is ma/] ( c]emonies at all times4 ,he is spokesman = ! family if a /rang] ent]s4 ,if he is abs5t1 ! fa!r or ! husb& speaks2 all o!rs may only smile 9 greet+4 ,if bo? m5 are abs5t1 ! gr&mo!r is spokes-woman2 if %e is away1 ! "m or ! wife speaks1 ) z mu* dignity z mode/y4 ,if no old] p]son is at home1 ! elde/ son or daught] greets ! gue/1 b if !y h no bro!r to speak = !m1 & an entire /rang] ent]s1 ! girls may prop]ly obs]ve sil5ce4 ,! /rang] %\ld expla9 ! cause ( 8 intrusion4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( a gue/1 promiscu\s laugh+ or a c>eless attitude are n p]mitt$4 ,rigid decorum & respectful sil5ce are obs]v$1 & if any *ildr5 are pres5t1 !y mu/ n />e at ! /rang]4 ,all noisy play & m]rim5t mu/ be kept )9 famili> family circles1 except on ! occasion ( c]ta9 games & dances4 ,9 ! matt] ( greet+s1 ! m5 alone greet ea* o!r ) ,h[6 ,no woman may use ?is greet+4 ,indians d n usually say ,?ank y6 b ackn[l$ge a gift or favor by us+ "s appropriate t]m ( relation%ip1 z gr&mo!r1 little si/]1 c\s91 etc4 ,hi1 hi6 or ,?ank y6 is occasionally us$1 b only :5 "o is especially grateful4 ,y %\ld always address ev]ybody 9 ! clan by ! regul> t]m ( relation%ip1 r ?an by "n4 ,if too di/ant1 ! ^w ,klah1 or fri5d1 may be us$4 ,p]haps a pretti] ^w = ! ,boy ,sc\ts to adopt is ,ke*wah1 or comrade4 ,! s]v+ ( food is always ord]ly & polite4 ,gue/s are (f]$ food1 at :atev] h\r ( ! day !y may appe>1 z1 9 ! wild]ness life1 x is safe to assume t !y are hungry4 ,! "m ( ! family s]ves fir/ ! gue/1 if any1 !n h] fa!r1 h] husb&1 h] "m1 ! *ildr5 9 ord] ( age1 &1 ( c\rse1 h]self la/ ( all4 ,ea* returns 8 empty di% to h] ) ! prop] t]m ( relation%ip z a sign ( ?anks4 ,sil5ce1 we believe1 is ! basis ( ord] & decorum1 & ! peace & dignity ( ! camp mu/ be ma9ta9$ at all co/s4 ,?us any em]g5cy is quickly made kn[n & is met ) calmness & decision4 ,all =mal ann\ncem5ts are made by ! m\? ( ! camp h]ald or cri]4 ,our ,indian ,boy ,sc\ts are ! imm$iate & un(ficial gu>dians ( our safety4 ,if any "o approa*es1 !y quickly pass ! unspok5 signal f boy to boy1 )\t lett+ ! /rang] "k t he is discov]$2 & if !re is any d\bt z to 8 id5tity & "*1 t1 too1 is indicat$1 s t ! exp]i5c$ may see to x be=e he comes too ne>4 ,! reports ( ! return+ hunt]s are giv5 by means ( c]ta9 calls1 s t ! home folks may be prep>$ to receive !m4 ,= in/ance1 :5 a be> is kill$1 ! boys ann\nce x ) ! peculi> call1 ,wah1 wah1 wah6 9 *orus4 ,if x is a de]1 !y cry3 ,woo koo hoo6 woo koo hoo6 ,9 welcom+ ! buffalo hunt]s1 ! boys hold "o ano!r by ! %\ld]s & imitate ! l[+ ( ! h]ds1 f9i%+ (f ) a %rill :i/le4 ,possibly y\r college & class yells 7 f\nd$ ^u ! ,indian game signals4 ,,xxvi--,,tra9+ ,,= ,,s]vice ,"o mu/ h a tra9$ m9d1 if only 9 ord] to rea* ! height ( "o's physical possibilities1 & all-r\nd effici5cy dep5ds mu* ^u ! k9d ( tra9+ describ$ 9 ! =ego+ talks4 ,! ,s*ool ( ,savag]y is no haphaz>d ?+1 b a sy/em ( education :i* has be5 long 9 ! build+1 & :i* produces results4 ,+5uity1 fai?fulness1 & self-reliance w accompli% wond]ful ?+s 9 civiliz$ life z well z 9 wild life1 b1 to my m9d1 individuality & initiative are m successfully develop$ 9 ! out-(-door man4 ,:]e ! o!r man is reg>d$ m ?an self1 duty is sweet] & m inspir+1 patriotism m sacr$1 & fri5d%ip is a true & et]nal bond4 ,! ,indian is tra9$ 9 ! natural way1 :i* means t he is kept 9 close contact ) ! natural _w4 ,incid5tally1 he f9ds himself1 & is consci\s ( 8 relation to all life4 ,! spiritual _w is real to him4 ,! spl5dor ( life /&s out pre-em95tly1 :ile beyond all1 & 9 all1 dwells ! ,great ,my/]y1 unsolv$ & unsolvable1 except 9 ^? ?+s :i* x is good = 8 own _s to "k4 ,! good ?+s ( e>? are n 8 to hold aga9/ 8 bro!rs1 b !y are 8 to use & enjoy toge!r ) 8 fell[s1 to :om x is 8 privilege to br+ !m4 ,9 seek+ ?us1 he develops a :olesome1 vigor\s body & m9d1 to :i* all ex]tion seems play1 r ?an pa9ful toil = possession's sake4 ,happy1 rollick+1 boy man6 ,gallant1 patriotic1 public-spirit$--9 ! ,indian is ! lu/y y\? ( humanity4 ,he is always ready to und]take ! impossible1 or to impov]i% himself to please 8 fri5d4 ,mo/ ( all he values ! opportunity ( be+ a m9ute-man--a ,sc\t6 ,e boy1 f ! v beg9n+ ( 8 tra9+1 is an embryo public s]vant4 ,he puts into daily practice ! lessons t 9 ?is way become "p ( himself4 ,!re are no sal>ies1 no tips1 no prizes to "w =4 ,he takes 8 pay 9 ! recognition ( ! community & ! consci\sness ( unselfi% s]vice4 ,let u h m ( ?is _s ( ! ,am]ican ,indian1 ! ,boy ,sc\t's prototype1 to leav5 ! brilliant selfi%ness ( our mod]n civilization6 ,,! ,,end ,,books ,,= ,,*ildr5 ,,by ,,*>les ,a4 & ,,ela9e ,g4 ,,ea/man ,,wigwam ,,ev5+s ,illu/rat$ by ,e4 ,w4 ,dem+4 #abmo4 #a4bj net4 ,dr4 ,ea/man is a full-blood$ ,si\x :o sp5t mu* ( 8 y\? 9 a wigwam1 s t ^! tw5ty-sev5 ,indian my?s h ! great m]it ( be+ told at fir/ h&4 ,! /ories are *>m+ 9 _! simplicity & fai?fulness1 & are told by writ]s :o are famili> & sympa!tic ) ,indian ?\ght4--,philadelphia ,public ,l$g]4 ,,yell[ ,,/> ,fully illu/rat$4 #abmo4 #a4bj net4 ,! appeal+ /ory ( an ,indian girl :o came to live 9 a ,new-,engl& village & :o became "o ( ! mo/ popul> ( girls1 lead+ 9 s*ol>%ip1 quickness1 & res\rcefulness4 ,wov5 incid5ts ( s*ool & play1 swift successions ( int]e/+ ?+s to d1 all natural & lifelike1 & a p]suasive out-(-doors atmosph]e1 bright5 ! /ory f fir/ to la/4--,wa%+ton ,/>4 ,,indian ,,sc\t ,,talks ,) frontispiece4 #abmo4 #hj c5ts net4 ,?is book repres5ts ! actual exp]i5ces ( its au?or1 & %\ld be an admirable guide = ,boy ,sc\ts & ,camp-fire ,girls4 ,,little1 ,,br[n ,,co41 ,publi%]s #cd ,,beacon ,,/reet1 ,,bo/on