,,problems ,,9 ,,p]iclean ,,build+s ,,pr9ceton ,,monographs ,,9 ,,art ,,& ,,ar*aeology ,,ii ,,problems ,,9 ,,p]iclean ,,build+s ,,by ,g4 ,w4 ,,eld]k91 ,,ph4,d4 ,,assi/ant ,,pr(essor1 ,,preceptor ,,9 ,,art ,,& ,,ar*aeology1 ,,pr9ceton ,,univ]sity ,,pr9ceton ,,univ]sity ,,press ,,pr9ceton ,,london3 ,,h5ry ,,fr[de ,,ox=d ,,univ]sity ,,press #aiab ,copyright1 #aiab1 by ,pr9ceton ,univ]sity ,press = ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,pr9t$ by ,pr9ceton ,univ]sity ,press1 ,pr9ceton1 ,n4 ,j41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,cont5ts ,i4 ,,! ,,significance ,,( ,,! ,,irregul>ity ,,( ,,! ,,propylaea #a ,,ii4 ,,an ,,int]pretation ,,( ,,! ,,c>yatid ,,por* #ac ,,iii4 ,,! ,,ere*!um ,,z ,,built #ai ,,iv4 ,,! ,,ere*!um ,,z ,,plann$ #di ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations #a4 ,,ea/ ,,w9d[ ,,( ,,! ,,p9ako!ke4 #b4 ,,! ,,p9ako!ke ,,z ,,se5 ,,f ,,! ,,base ,,( ,,! ,,ba/ion ,,( ,,! ,,temple ,,( ,,w+less ,,victory4 #c4 ,,! ,,p9ako!ke ,,z ,,se5 ,,f ,a ,,po9t ,,ne> ,,! ,,axis ,,( ,,! ,,c5tral ,,portal4 #d4 ,,plan ,,( ,,propylaea ,,) ,,zigzag ,,road ,,( ,,asc5t4 #e4 ,,sc5e ,,on ,,an ,,ar*aic ,,amphora4 #f4 ,,nor? ,,end ,,( ,,we/]n ,,int]ior ,,f\ndation ,,( ,,! ,,ere*!um4 ,,view ,,f ,,! ,,ea/4 #g4 ,,! ,,gr\nd ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,ere*!um ,,z ,,built4 #h4 ,,! ,,nor? ,,side ,,( ,,! ,,door ,,9 ,,! ,,we/ ,,wall4 #i4 ,,nor? ,,wall ,,at ,,place ,,( ,,contact ,,) ,,! ,,ea/]n ,,cross-,,wall4 #aj4 ,,! ,,cutt+ ,,9 ,,! ,,m>ble ,,block ,,at ,,! ,n4 ,e4 ,,corn] ,,( ,,! ,,ea/]n ,,cella ,,bel[ ,,! ,,suppos$ ,,floor-,,level4 #aa4 ,,! ,,int]ior ,n4 ,w4 ,,corn] ,,( ,,! ,,temple4 #ab4 ,,! ,,orig9al ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,ere*!u ,m4 ,i ,,! ,,significance ,,( ,,! ,,irregul>ity ,,( ,,! ,,propylaea ,! irregul> position ( ! door & ! w9d[s ( ! nor?-we/ w+ ( ! ,propylaea has long be5 rem>k$1 ?\gh no explanations ( ! ph5om5on h be5 (f]$4 ,bohn1 ,die ,propylae5 d] ,akropolis zu ,a!n1 p4 #bc1 says ( ! s\? wall ( ?is w+3 ,die ,w& wel*e die ,halle von dem eig5tli*5 ,gema* tr5nt1 i/ von e9] ,tr und zwei ,f5/]n dur*bro*54 ,er/]e liegt j$o* ni*t 9 d] ,mitte1 die letzt]5 wi$]um unsymmetris* zu ihr4 ,irg5d e95 ,grund1 irg5d e9e axiale ,beziehung zu d5 ,sul5 v]mo*te i* 9 dies] abwei*5d5 ,anordnung ni*t zu f9d54 ,! ea/ wall ( ! ,ere*!um1 on ! o!r h& 7,a4 ,j4 ,a41 #aijf1 ,pl4 #h71 0 pi]c$ by a c5tral door & two w9d[s equidi/ant f x4 ,t su* symmetrical arrangem5t %\ld obta9 9 ! ,ere*!um & n 9 ! closely contempor>y ,propylaea v ju/ly occasions surprise4 ,x is ! purpose ( ?is /udy to attempt to expla9 ! irregul>ity 9 ! latt]4 ,! fir/ fact to be obs]v$ ) reg>d to ! faade ( ! ,p9ako!ke is concisely /at$ by ,bohn 7op4 cit41 p4 #bc73 ,die ,/ellung d] ,sul5 be/immt si* dadur* dass die ,tang5te an die ,we/seite d] /li*/5 g5au 9 die entspre*5de ,flu*t d] ,hexa/yl/tz5 fllt4 ,! position ( ! anta at ! ea/]n end ( ! less] colonnade is also fix$ by ! requirem5t t x /& directly b5ea? a triglyph4 ,?is anta 9 turn det]m9$ ! position ( ! ea/]n w9d[1 = ! we/ face ( ! anta & ! w9d[ are equidi/ant f ! ea/ wall ( ! ,p9ako!ke 7,fig4 #a74 ,! co9cid5ce c h>dly be accid5tal4 ,if ! position ( ! ea/]n w9d[ 0 ?us det]m9$ by consid]ations ( appe>ance f a well-def9$ ext]ior po9t ( view1 x is probable t ! position ( ! o!r two op5+s 9 ! wall 0 simil>ly det]m9$ by a po9t or po9ts some:]e 9 ! l9e ( approa* to ! build+ r ?an by any consid]ation = objects )9 ! ,p9ako!ke4 ,su* a po9t is readily f\nd at ! base ( ! ,nike ba/ion1 f :i* bo? w9d[s & door are simultane\sly visible betwe5 ! columns 7,fig4 #b74 ,! we/]n w9d[ appe>s at ! extreme left ( ! int]columniation2 ! ea/]n1 at ! extreme "r4 ,if ! obs]v] advance f ?is po9t t[>d ! ,p9ako!ke1 ! w9d[s rema9 con/antly 9 sight b appe> to move m & m t[>d ! middle ( ! int]columniations 7,fig4 #c74 ,along no o!r l9e outside ! portico c ! ?ree op5+s be view$ ?us simultane\sly4 ,along ! l9e not$1 !y may be view$ n only simultane\sly b 9 su* mutual relation z to give a necess>ily v>y+ yet satisfy+ appe>ance ( symmetry4 ,! facts po9t to two almo/ unavoidable inf]5ces3 fir/1 t ! l9e ( ^! po9ts det]m9es = u ! position ( ! la/ /ret* ( ! zigzag road :i* l$ up to ! ,acropolis2 second1 t ! asymmetrical plac+ ( door & w9d[s 0 due to ! ar*itect's desire t ! faade %\ld produce a complete & unifi$ impression ^u ! approa*+ obs]v]4 ,?is wi% ( ! ar*itect1 fur!r1 expla9s ! unusual dep? ( ! portico ( ! ,p9ako!ke4 ,z has already be5 /at$1 ! position ( ! ea/ w9d[ 0 fix$ by ! anta be=e x4 ,su* be+ ! case1 ! dep? ( ! portico 0 necess>ily condition$ by ! visibility ( ! w9d[ f ! ba/ion ( ! ,nike temple4 ,_h ! wall be5 mov$ =w>d1 ! w9d[ w\ld 9 great] or less degree h be5 conceal$ by a column1 & ! ar*itect's purpose 9 s f> defeat$4 ,9 view ( ! unusual dep? ( ! portico ! effect ( mov+ ! wall /ill fur!r back sc>cely requires consid]ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #a ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,ea/ ,,w9d[ ,,( ,,! ,,p9ako!ke ,,%[+ ,,its ,,relation ,,to ,,! ,,ea/ ,,anta ,,( ,,! ,,portico ,if ! la/ /ret* ( ! zigzag road has be5 correctly det]m9$1 ! next /ret* bel[ mu/ h rea*$ f ! ,nike ba/ion to a po9t bel[ ! p$e/al ( ! monum5t to ,agrippa4 ,?is p$e/al1 9 turn1 af=ds important evid5ce confirm+ ! !ory t su* 0 ! c\rse ( ! road4 ,! monum5t to ,agrippa 0 erect$ 9 #bg ,b4,c41 t is1 be=e ! ,greek way 0 replac$ by ! ,roman /eps 9 ! fir/ c5tury ,a4,d4 7,judei*1 ,topographie von ,a!n1 p4 #aii1 note74 ,its peculi> ori5tation has nev] be5 expla9$1 b n[1 9 view ( ! prec$+ analysis1 is easily explicable4 ,f ! b5d 9 ! road at ! base ( ! ba/ion1 ! eque/rian /atue1 :i* surm\nt$ ! high p$e/al1 0 se5 9 exact pr(ile4 ,?is is prov$ by a glance at ! plan 7,fig4 #d7 9 :i* ! axis ( ! road & ! ,n-,s axis ( ! p$e/al conv]ge at ! base ( ! ba/ion4 ,f ! turn 9 ! road j bel[ ! p$e/al1 ! inscription on its we/ face c\ld be easily read4 ,b f ! conjectur$ road :i* is drawn 9 ,judei*1 op4 cit41 ,plan ,,ii1 x 0 impossible = a p]son to read easily ! inscription or see ! eque/rian gr\p 9 exact pr(ile4 ,?us x seems beyond "q t ! p$e/al ( ! monum5t 0 ori5t$ ) ref]5ce to ! anci5t ,greek roadway1 ! fir/ clue to :i* is giv5 by ! peculi> arrangem5t ( ! door & w9d[s ( ! ,p9ako!ke4 ,! road ?us det]m9$ possesses ! signal advantage ov] ! o!r t x p]mitt$ an impressive view ?r\gh ! great portal & an impressive approa* to x f directly 9 front4 ,! simultane\s visibility ( door & w9d[s f ! normal l9e ( approa* is a hi!rto unobs]v$ feature ( ,p]iclean build+ :i* is aga9 happily illu/rat$ 9 ! closely contempor>y ,ere*!um4 ,! c]ta9 re/oration by ,/ev5s 7,a4 ,j4 ,a41 #aijf1 ,pl4 #i7 ( ! ea/ wall ( ?is temple1 %[s t ! door & w9d[s 7 s plac$ z to be simultane\sly visible f po9ts 9 ! axis ( ! door 7,fig4 #g74 ,at a di/ance ( ab\t #aj m4 f ! /ylobate1 ! w9d[s appe>$ 9 ! middle ( ! int]columniations4#a ,! level gr\nd 9 front ( ! faade made possible an approa* f /raight 9 front4 ,9 ord] t ! w9d[s might be simultane\sly visible1 !y 7 cr[d$ close to ! door--a fact :i* probably compell$ ! ar*itect to use a bronze-plat$ door frame in/ead ( a /one "o su* z he us$ 9 ! nor? door4 ,! =m] p]mitt$ long] wall blocks betwe5 ! door & w9d[ ?an ! latt] w\ld h all[$4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,propylaea1 ! approa* 0 by a zigzag road up a /eep grade4 ,! la/ /ret* ( ?is road 0 oblique to ! ,n-,s axis ( ! ,p9ako!ke4 ,if ! faade 0 to be view$ f t la/ /ret* ( ! zigzag road1 an asymmetric arrangem5t ( door & w9d[s 0 absolutely necess>y4 ,! w9d[s & door _h to be mov$ to ! "r ( _! normal position4 ,! ea/ faade ( ! ,ere*!um & ! ,p9ako!ke bo? illu/rate ! same law t door & w9d[s beh9d a colonnade %all be simultane\sly visible f be=e ! colonnade4 ,9 ! ea/ faade ( ! ,ere*!um1 h[ev]1 ?is law is obs]v$ 9 a p]fectly normal arrangem5t2 9 ! ,p9ako!ke1 obs]vance ( ! g5]al law necessitat$ an abnormal arrangem5t ( ! op5+s4 ,yet an insurm\ntable difficulty 9 ! way ( complete obs]vance ( ! law lay 9 ! necessity = consid]+ ! dem&s ( two widely sep>at$ po9ts ( view1 "o 9 ! l9e ( approa* to ! ,propylaea1 ! o!r )9 ! portico4 ,a glance at ! plan ( ! ,propylaea 7,fig4 #d7 %[s t l9es drawn f ! axis ( ! /raight roadway at its l[] end to ! door jambs ( ! ,p9ako!ke cut two columns unequally4 ,! l9e to ! left side ( ! door is tang5t to "o column1 ! l9e to ! "r side cuts deeply into ! o!r4 ,if ! door _h be5 plac$ ) ref]5ce solely to ! view f ! la/ /ret* ( ! zigzag road1 x ought to /& f>!r to ! we/4 ,t x does n s /& mu/ be due to ! fact t ! ar*itect s\ght likewise to provide = ! view ( ! obs]v] :o approa*$ ! ,p9ako!ke f beh9d ! hexa/yle4 ,x is necess>y to emphasize ! fact t ! passage back ( ! hexa/yle 0 ! normal means ( access to ! ,p9ako!ke4 ,! position ( ! ea/ w9d[ 9 ! middle ( its wall space w\ld be quickly1 if unconsci\sly felt by ! obs]v]1 ) ! result t ! asymmetry ( ! wall z a :ole w\ld n be notic$4 ,_h ! normal access to ! w+ be5 f directly 9 front1 betwe5 ! fir/ & second columns 7c\nt+ f ! ea/71 ! fact t ! w9d[s 7 n equidi/ant f ! door w\ld h be5 readily recogniz$1 b1 z x is1 ! obs]v] :o ent]$ ! portico 9 ! regul> way at ! ea/ end saw directly 9 front ( him a wall space pi]c$ by a c5trally plac$ w9d[4 ,if ! door _h be5 plac$ f>!r we/1 ?is advantage w\ld h be5 lo/4 ,if ! zigzag approa* we h indicat$ be correct1 x foll[s t ! ,p9ako!ke 0 design$ also = an obs]v] :o /ood at ! beg9n+ ( ! /raight road ?r\gh ! portal1 :]e x w\ld h produc$ a unifi$ effect ) ! g5]al /ructure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #b ,,! ,,p9ako!ke ,,z ,,se5 ,,f ,,! ,,base ,,( ,,! ,,nike ,,ba/ion4 ,,at ,,left1 ,,! ,,p$e/al ,,( ,,! ,,monum5t ,,to ,,agrippa ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #c ,,! ,,p9ako!ke ,,z ,,se5 ,,f ,a ,,po9t ,,ne> ,,! ,,axis ,,( ,,! ,,roadway ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,propylaea ,x w be readily se5 t if ! ,s4,w4 w+1 :i* 0 nev] complet$1 _h be5 built z an exact c\nt]p>t ( ! ,n4,w4 w+1 ! ?ree p>ts w\ld h be5 design$ to be se5 f a common po9t at ! beg9n+ ( ! /raight road ?r\gh ! portal1 & ! /ructure ?\gh trip>tite w\ld h be5 a symmetrical unit4 ,pr(essor ,drpfeld 7,a?4 ,mitt41 #ahhe1 p4 #de ff47 has %[n t ! ar*itect plann$ at "o "t a s\?-we/ w+ ) a colonnade in/ead ( a clos$ we/ wall1 & t ! pres5t curtail$ w+ c\ld h be5 incorporat$ 9 ! w+ z plann$1 if p]mission _h ev] be5 giv5 to encroa* ^u adjac5t sanctu>ies4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 no ga9say+ t a colonnade 0 at "o "t project$ = ! we/ side ( ! w+1 b does ?is fact 9 any wise exclude ! possibility ( a /ill e>li] plan8 ,! only reason giv5 by ,pr(4 ,drpfeld = ! colonnade is t access might be _h to ! ,nike temple4 ,b a clos$ wall 9 place ( ! colonnade w\ld n h made ! temple inaccessible s long z !re rema9$ at ! nor?-we/ corn] ( ! w+ ! /eps :i* af=d$ a f> m conv5i5t approa* to ! temple = ^? com+ up to ! ,acropolis4 ,inde$1 x seems q possible t ! ar*itect1 ,mnesicles1 orig9ally plann$ a s\?-we/ w+ 7,/u>t ,revett1 ,! ,antiquities ( ,a!ns1 ,,ii1 ,v1 ,pl4 ,,iii7 exactly l ! nor?-we/ w+1 b t he 0 compell$ to give x up1 t 8 compromise ( a colonnade 0 also reject$1 & t he _h to cont5t himself ) ! curtail$ =m 9 :i* ! w+ n[ exi/s1 b t he s plac$ ! back wall ( ! *amb] t x might ultimately be incorporat$ 9 a w+ ) a colonnade on ! we/ side4 ,!re is1 moreov]1 "s reason to suspect t ! ar*itect 0 ho/ile to ! idea ( hav+ a temple on ! ba/ion4 ,! ,propylaea & ! temple are obvi\sly n features ( a h>moni\s /ructural plan4 ,! ,propylaea z ! cr[n+ gateway ( ! acropolis dem&$ an unob/ruct$ outlook t[>d ! we/4 ,! pres5ce ( ! little temple ob/ructs t outlook4 ,:5 "o le>ns t ! s5ate vot$ ! con/ruction ( ! temple 91 or %ortly be=e1 #ddf ,b4,c41 7,greek3 ,eph4 ,ar*41 #ahig1 p4 #agi71 t is1 at a "t :5 we fairly assume t ! ,p]iclean build+ plans = ! acropolis 7 ab\t ready1 he is ju/ifi$ 9 suspect+ t a cons]vative religi\s p>ty s\ght p]man5tly to ?w>t ! build]s 9 _! disreg>d ( sanctu>ies by plac+ a temple to ,a!na ,nike on ! ba/ion4 ,t ! opposition ( ! prie/hood#b *eck$ completely ! int5tion ( ,p]icles & 8 ar*itects is %[n by ! fact t f\ndations 7 nev] laid = ! walls :i* w\ld h /ood ei!r 9 ! prec9ct ( ,artemis ,brauronia1 or 9 t ( ,a!na ,nike4 ,! mo/ sugge/ive *apt] 9 ! /ruggle betwe5 prie/ & ar*itect is ! la/4 ,:5 ! ar*itect 0 =c$ to ab&on ! idea ( build+ a colonnade1 he hop$ t he c\ld ext5d ! s\? wall ( ! w+ #cj cm4 we/ ( its pres5t position s z to align x ) ! ?ird column ( ! nor? colonnade4 ,! evid5ce = ?is is ! poros blocks "u ! floor ( ! w+ :i* project j f> en\gh we/ to h support$ a pavem5t ( m>ble slabs t]m9at+ at ! we/]n side ( ! column 7see ! photograph 9 ,jb4 ,ar*4 ,in/41 #aijf1 p4 #aci74 ,^! blocks 7 nev] int5d$ to s]ve z a /ep1 = 9 t case m>ble w\ld h be5 us$4 ,_h ! pavem5t & anta rea*$ #cj cm4 f>!r1 a pi] ( necess>y diamet] c\ld h be5 erect$ betwe5 ! anta & ! ?ird column ( ! nor? faade1 & ! ar*itrave above ! pi] c\ld !n h be5 ( ! same wid? z t ( ! nor? colonnade4 ,b ev5 ?is slight concession 0 d5i$2 ! we/]n l9e ( ! w+ 0 =c$ back2 a unique pi] _h to be built & a n>r[ ar*itrave plac$ ^u x 7,bohn1 op4 cit41 ,taf4 ,,xvi74 ,ev5 ! poros blocks :]e !y encroa*$ on ! prec9ct appe> to h be5 hack$ away4 ,9 ! ,propylaea itself1 !re survives "s sugge/ion ( ! real attitude ( ! ar*itect t[>d ! ,nike temple & its ba/ion4 ,! crepidoma ( ! s\?-we/ w+ t]m9ates 9 an anta :i* 0 int5d$ to /& free 7,ar*4 ,zeit41 #ahhj1 p4 #hf2 ,jb4 ,ar*4 ,in/41 #aijf1 p4 #acf1 fig4 #c73 ,dass dies] ,pfeil] 9 ,=m e9] ,anta gebildet i/1 d4h4 na* ,nord und ,sd um e9 w5ig vorspr+t1 bewei/ dass hi] ursprngli* e9 selb/ndig] ,abs*luss geplant w>1 g5au wie an d] ,nordhalle4 ,! objection ( ,wolt]s 7,bonn] ,/udi51 p4 #ie7 does n invalidate ,bohn's conclusion4 ,! =m] assumes t ! blocks = ! two correspond+ antae 7 ord]$ by ! ar*itect )\t 8 specify+ = :i* anta ! sev]al blocks 7 int5d$4 ,s9ce ! blocks are ( diff]5t height1 x seems safe to inf] t ! /one-cutt] knew exactly ! place ( ea*4 ,ano!r important fact is t ! anta 9 "q incl9es #c cm4 to ! we/4 ,drpfeld :o publi%es ?is valuable obs]vation 9 ,a?4 ,mitt41 #aiaa1 p4 #ee1 says3 ,fr das ,ende e9] ,mau] i/ e9 b]neig5 des ob]5 ,teiles na* auss5 ganz un]hrt4 ,wir drf5 also mit ,si*]heit behaupt5 dass die beid5 ,seit5wnde des ,vorplatzes d] ,propylen ni*t be5det s9d1 sond]n na* dem ,plane des ,mnesikles weit] na* ,we/5 als ,m>morwnde mit m9de/5s je e9] zweit5 ,ante =tgefhrt w]d5 sollt54 ,im ,sd5 sollt5 die beid5 ,p>a/ad5 aug5s*e9li* die ,treppe zum ,nike-,tempel e9fass51 im ,nord5 sollt5 sie v]mutli* e9e ,tr bild51 die zu dem we/li* von d] ,p9ako!k bef9dli*5 tief lieg5d5 ,raume fhrte4 ,! inf]5ce f ,pr(essor ,drpfeld's important obs]vation is t ! anta 0 int5d$ to c>ry a l9tel or an ar*itrave rea*+ we/4 ,! "q is j h[ mu* ( ! ba/ion 0 to be remov$ to make room = ?is ext5sion4 ,! read9ess ( ! ar*itect to encroa* ^u ! prec9ct ( ! temple w>rants ! answ] t ! :ole ba/ion 0 to be remov$4 ,! anta1 z ,bohn says1 0 built to /& free l its c\nt]p>t at ! ,n4,w4 w+4 ,! "* ( ! ext5sion rema9s a matt] ( conjecture4 ,p]haps a colonnade 0 contemplat$4 ,b if ?is is true1 ! "q arises h[ does x happ5 t ! ba/ion ( ! temple1 :i* c]ta9ly ant$ates ! ,propylaea1 has a nor? wall align$ ) t ( ! ,s4,w4 w+ ( ! ,propylaea4 ,! co9cid5ce mu/ be ! result ( delib]ate plan & is be/ expla9$ by ! supposition t :5 ! ba/ion 0 built1 ! gr\nd plan ( ! ,propylaea & its position 7 already kn[n4 ,! nor? wall ( ! ba/ion c\ld !re=e be built 9 l9e ) t ( ! w+4 ,! cont9uation ( ! nor? wall ( ! ba/ion 0 brok5 away :5 "w on ! ,propylaea 0 begun4 ,nei!r ,p]icles nor ,mnesicles gave cons5t to ! erection ( ! ,temple ( ,w+less ,victory4 ,9 ! lean+ anta :i* 0 built to /& free "o reads _! buri$ hope t ! ,propylaea might enjoy a f9ely impressive comm& ( ! :ole region we/ ( ! acropolis1 a comm& unannoy$ by ! ho/ile l9es ( ! /ructurally insignificant temple ( ,victory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #d ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,propylaea ,,%[+ ,,! ,,zigzag ,,road1 ,,! ,,conjectur$ ,,road 7,,9 ,,dott$ ,,l9es71 ,,& ,,! ,,orig9al ,,=m ,,( ,,! ,s4,w4 ,,w+ ,,ii ,,! ,,c>yatid ,,por* ,,( ,,! ,,ere*!um ,n ! lea/ rem>kable feature ( ! ,ere*!um is ! ,c>yatid ,por*1 :i* is g5]ally reg>d$ z a creation ( ! arti/'s fancy & ( no fur!r significance4 ,9 ! pres5t /udy an attempt w be made to prove t ! maid5s s]ve n only a /ructural & arti/ic purpose1 b t !y also be> a relation 9 ?\ght to ! cult ( ! temple1 not)/&+ ! fact t ! female figure _h be5 employ$ by e>li] ar*itects m]ely z a support4 ,if ! subject ( ! frieze ( ! ,ere*!um1 l t ( ! approximately contempor>y ,p>!non1 0 appropriately drawn f ! life & wor%ip ( ! gods ( ! temple1 x is possible t ! sculptur$ maid5s ( ! unique ,c>yatid ,por* also be> a logical relation to ! cult ( ! temple4 ,9 ! fir/ place x may be obs]v$ t ! entrance to ! ,ere*!um at ! ,c>yatid ,por* corresponds 9 position closely to ! s\? entrance ( ! ,pre-,p]sian ,ere*!um4 ,! ar*aic p$im5tal sculpture ( poros :i* is n[ 9 ! ,acropolis ,museum 7,wieg&1 ,poros>*itektur d] ,akropolis zu ,a!n1 ,taf4 #ad2 ,pet]s51 ,die ,burgtempel d] ,a!naia1 p4 #bb1 abb4 #b7 gives u a view ( ! e>ly temple z se5 f ! s\?4 ,close to ! we/ side ( ! temple1 ! sacr$ olive ( ,a!na appe>s above a l[ wall1 j z 9 a lat] p]iod1 x /ood close to ! we/ faade ( ! ,ere*!um & appe>$ above ! s\? wall ( ! ,p&roseum4 ,a prec9ct wall ran we/ f ! s\?-we/ corn] ( bo? ! e>li] & lat] ,ere*!um4 ,along ?is wall 9 ! p$im5tal sculpture figures are pass+ t[>d ! temple4 ,!y h come f ! direction ( ! ,propylaea4 ,a procession mov+ f ! ,propylaea to ! ,c>yatid ,por* _h exactly ! backgr\nd ( ! sculptur$ figures4 ,! correspond5ce is complete :5 "o notes t ^! figures are mov+ t[>d an entrance :i* answ]s to ! lat] ,c>yatid ,por*4 ,a fur!r po9t ( value is t ! female figures 9 ! procession c>ri$ some?+ on _! heads1 z is %[n by _! rais$ b brok5 left arms4 ,! position ( ! l>g] "o :i* 0 int5d$ to be se5 9 front view is n c]ta9 because x 0 n atta*$ to ! wall l ! small] female figure4 ,x /ood probably 9 ! portico & may h s]v$ z a ,c>yatid4 ,pet]s5 7op4 cit41 p4 #bg7 ?9ks ^! figures repres5t ,arrephoroi r ?an ,canephoroi & 8 op9ion is v reasonable4 ,! ,arrephoroi annually c>ri$ "s my/]i\s object on _! heads to ! temple ( ,a!na & ,ere*!us4 ,! procession includ+ ,arrephoroi mov+ t[>d an entrance :i* 0 ! pr$ecessor ( ! ,c>yatid ,por* sugge/s an explanation ( ! fact t ! latt] por* 0 n = common use4 ,a re/rict$ use ( ! ,c>yatid ,por* is a c]ta9 inf]5ce f ! foll[+ facts4 ,! op5+ at ! nor?-ea/ corn] ( ! por* is n>r[ & ! /ep up to x is tw5ty in*es4 ,if ?is means ( access to ! temple _h be5 us$ by ! public1 ! /ep w\ld h be5 l[] & conv5i5t4 ,aga91 ! delicate base m\ld+s ( ! build+ :i* run "u ?is op5+ w\ld h be5 worn if ! op5+ _h be5 frequ5tly us$ 7,fraz]1 ,pausanias1 ,,ii1 p4 #ccg74 ,fraz]'s conclusion is t ! entrance 0 res]v$ = prie/s4 ,?is entrance l its pr$ecessor 0 p]haps us$ by ! ,arrephoroi4 ,if x 0 ! entrance especially res]v$ = !m1 !n ! ,c>yatids may v appropriately be reg>d$ z /atues ( ,arrephoroi4 ,!y adorn _! own por*4 ,to su* an id5tification ! objection may be made t ! ,c>yatids are fully develop$ =ms :]eas ! ,arrephoroi 7 girls betwe5 ! ages ( sev5 & elev5 7,bekk]1 ,anecdota ,graeca1 ,i4 p4 #bjb1 s4 v4 ,greek3 arrphore97 b a /ructural necessity = heavi]1 full] =ms ju/ifi$ ! lic5se ( ! ar*itect4 ,! ,c>yatids are call$ ,greek3 korai 9 ! build+ inscriptions4#c ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #e ,,procession ,,( ,,arrephoroi4 ,a ,,sc5e ,,on ,,an ,,ar*aic ,,amphora ,! int]pretation ( ! ,c>yatids z ,arrephoroi is confirm$ by a sc5e 7,fig4 #e7d on an ar*aic amphora :i* also makes possible a bett] und]/&+ ( ! ,por* z a :ole4 ,! amphora :i* is n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts at ,bo/on is publi%$ by ,de ,ridd] 9 ,b4 ,c4 ,h41 #ahih1 p4 #dfg & pl4 ,,vi1 & by ,caskey 9 ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts ,bullet91 ,vol4 ,,vii 7#aiji71 ,no4 #ch4 ,9 ! sc5e on ! neck ( ?is amphora appe>s a prie/ess foll[$ by f\r maid5s :o be> ^u _! heads a long *e/4 ,de ,ridd] comp>es ! f\r maid5s ) ! ,a!nian ,canephoroi4 ,c]ta9 sugge/ive po9ts may be not$4 ,! maid5s are f\r 9 numb]4 ,anci5t writ]s ) ! exception ( ,pausanias tell u t !re 7 f\r ,arrephoroi at ,a!ns4#e ,! front ( ! ,c>yatid ,por* consi/s ( f\r4 ,nor d comp>isons /op "h4 ,! ar*itrave :i* ! ,c>yatids 7,arrephoroi7 c>ry may be comp>$ ) ! long *e/ :i* ! maid5s be> on _! heads1 & ! discs on ! ar*itrave ) ! discs :i* ornam5t ! *e/4 ,! discs on ! ar*itrave are usually expla9$ z a sub/itute = a frieze1 b ! logic ( su* sub/itution is q uncle>4 ,!y are simply ! ornam5ts :i* decorat$ ! my/]i\s burd5 ( ! ,arrephoroi4 ,! c]emony 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ! ,arrephoroi c>ri$ ! *e/ may h _h to d ) a cult ( ! h]oiz$ dead4 ,tradition has x t ,ere*!us :o 0 closely associat$ ) ,a!na 0 buri$ 9 ! ,ere*!um4 ,! discs on ! box & on ! dress ( ! be>]s sugge/ ^? :i* 7 f\nd 9 su* numb]s 9 ! ,myc5aean %aft-graves4#f ,b :atev] ! "* ( ! c]emony1 x _h to d ) ! cult :i* 0 h\s$ 9 ! ,ere*!um4 ,! amphora j ref]r$ to is a ,boeotian fabric1 b t fact does n nullify ! importance ( its be>+ ^u ! problem 9 h&4 ,! ,boeotian pott] may h appropriat$ ! sc5e f an ,a!nian s\rce4 ,! comp>ative /udy ( ?is amphora1 ! ar*aic p$im5tal sculpture & ! ,c>yatid ,por* seem to ju/ify ! foll[+ conclusions4 ,! ,c>yatid ,por* is a bold translation into m>ble ( ! ,arrephoroi & ! disc-cov]$ *e/ !y c>ri$ ^u _! heads to ! jo9t temple ( ,a!na & ,ere*!us4 ,! maid5s are a p>ticul>ly appropriate adornm5t ( ! por* :i* 0 res]v$ = _! liv+ prototypes4 ,! correspond+ entrance ( ! ,pre-,p]sian jo9t temple 0 also us$ by ! ,arrephoroi & may h _h ,c>yatids 9 place ( columns4 ,if s ! lat] temple reproduc$ a feature ( ! e>li] temple j z ! equally unique sculptur$ drums ( ! e>li] ,artemisium at ,ephesus 7 reproduc$ 9 its successor4 ,9 a ^w ! ,c>yatid ,por* is n an arbitr>y creation b is relat$ 9 ?\ght to ! cult ( ! temple4 ,,iii ,,! ,,ere*!um ,,z ,,built ,! pres5t plan ( ! int]ior ( ! ,ere*!um (f]s a numb] ( difficulties4 ,^? ( a g5]al "* may be consid]$ fir/4 ,)9 ! cellae ( ,greek temples1 ! int]ior cross-wall is regul>ly at "r angles to ! axis ( ! ma9 entrance & n p>allel to t axis z 9 ! we/ cella ( ! ,ere*!um4 ,! accept$ plan ( ! cella compels an ori5tation ea/ & we/ in/ead ( nor? & s\? = its two *amb]s4 ,! want ( h>mony 9 ! proportions ( ! we/]n *amb] & ! por* :i* admits to x is h>dly to be expect$ ( an ar*itect ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,he might p]haps be ju/ifi$ by ! !ory t he labor$ "u re/rictions impos$ by a complication ( cults 7 x n = ! fact t ! contempor>y ar*itect ( ! ,propylaea plann$ )\t reg>d to sanctu>ies 7cf4 ,furtwngl]1 ,sitzb4 ,mn*4 ,akad41 #aijd1 #cge74 ,! feel+ :i* ! nor? por* creates is t x 0 int5d$ to be ! entrance to an int]ior ( l>g] dim5sions ?an ^? ( ! pres5t plan4 ,difficulties ( a specific nature are enc\nt]$ :5 "o endeavors to f9d 9 ! plan c]ta9 details ( ! ,*&l] inscription 7,i4 ,g41 ,i1 #cbb74 ,a satisfactory p>a/as _c be locat$4 ,x 0 an int]ior wall ( "s sort4 ,! ^w ,greek3 pro/omiaion ! (ficial "n ( "o ( ! *amb]s 9 ! we/ cella has be5 d]iv$ f ,greek3 pro/omion :i* is conjectur$ to h be5 ! curb ab\t ! sacr$ well 7,pet]s51 ,die ,burgtempel d] ,a!naia1 p4 #aja74 ,b "o naturally asks :y ! room ( ! sacr$ well 0 n nam$ f ,greek3 /omion4 ,! ,greek3 phre> 7,greek3 /omion7 0 ! important object ( cult 9 ! room4 ,x is ! ,greek3 ?alassa :i* is m5tion$ by ,h]odotus1 & ! ,greek3 phre> by ,pausanias1 :ile no?+ is he>d ab\t a well-curb4 ,! natural int]pretation ( ,greek3 pro/omiaion is ! room 9 front ( 7,greek3 pro7 ! 99 ,greek3 /omiaion1 i4e41 ! room ( ! ,greek3 /omion4 ,n[ ! d]ivation ( 99 ,greek3 /omiaion 7:i* does n1 to be sure1 occur 9 extant records ( ! temple7 f ,greek3 /omion is z simple z t ( ,greek3 ,p&roseion f ,greek3 ,p&rosos4 ,x is ! entirely problematical ,greek3 pro/omion :i* r5d]s improbable ! d]ivation f x ( ,greek3 pro/omiaion4 ,!re is ano!r possible s\rce ( difficulty to be notic$4 ,! inscription m5tions f\r doors1 #h-a_/d x #b-a_/b feet1 = :i* !re is no place 9 ! outside walls4 ,^! !n mu/ h be5 plac$ 9 ! int]ior walls4 ,accord+ to ! pres5t plan :i* %[s a clos$ wall betwe5 ! %r9es ( ,a!na & ,ere*!us ^! two d\ble-doors mu/ h be5 9 ! we/]n cross-wall :]e !y c\ld h>dly h admitt$ to a s+le room 7,f[l] & ,:eel]1 ,greek ,ar*aeology1 p4 #adh1 fig4 #aae74 ,?is obliges u to suppose a division ( ! middle *amb] into two p>ts & !reby pres5ts a difficulty to ^? :o believe t ! ^w ,greek3 dipl\n 9 ! description ( ,pausanias ref]s to ! entire we/]n "p ( ! ,ere*!um4 ,= ! we/]n cella w\ld !n consi/ ( ?ree in/ead ( two *amb]s4 ,fur!r difficulties ( a s]i\s nature are enc\nt]$ :5 "o attempts to fit ! text ( ,pausanias to ! pres5t plan ( ! :ole build+ 7cf4 ,mi*aelis1 ,jb4 ,ar*4 ,in/41 #aijb1 p4 #af ff74 ,?is is :at s*ol>s h s\ght to d ) v diff]5t & unsatisfactory results1 s unsatisfactory t ( late !re is a t5d5cy on ! "p ( "s to d5y t any value is to be plac$ ^u ! sequ5ce :i* ,pausanias obs]ves 9 8 n>rative4 ,^? :o believe t ! description is some?+ m ?an a loose /atem5t ( ! cont5ts ( ! temple are said to be mak+ assumptions4 ,b ! description1 tak5 by itself1 seems to be a sy/ematic acc\nt1 & ! burd5 ( pro( re/s ^u ^? :o d5y x4 ,! d5ial is bas$ ^u ! failure ( ! acc\nt to squ>e ) ! accept$ plan ( ! int]ior ( ! ,ere*!um1 b su* basis is insecure because ! int]ior ( ! temple has be5 s completely de/roy$ z n to p]mit an absolutely c]ta9 re/oration by means ( ! evid5ce ( ! build+ alone4 ,!re is no sure w>rant = say+ 9 ! case ( ?is description t ,pausanias has confus$ 8 notes4 ,! travel] has be5 made to ent] ! ,ere*!um ?r\gh ?ree diff]5t doors4 ,8 acc\nt1 h[ev]1 is simple & ought n to occasion difficulty4 ,x sugge/s ord]ly progression4 ,be=e ! entrance he f\nd ! alt> ( ,zeus2 on ent]+1 ?ree alt>s & ! pa9t+s ( ! ,butadae2 !n 9 an inn] 7,greek3 endon7 room ! well & trid5t-m>k2 !reaft] foll[s ! acc\nt ( ! objects 9 ! cella ( ,a!na4 ,!n he pass$ to ! ,p&roseum4 ,! ord] 9 ?is description is simple & natural1 & ! mom5t ! !ory is advanc$ ( a po/ponem5t ( c]ta9 objects = m5tion lat] 9 o!r connections1 t mom5t ! description ceases to be ( value s f> z ! int]ior arrangem5t ( ! ,ere*!um is conc]n$ & ! way is op5$ up to ! disposition ( ! cont5ts ( ! temple 9 accord ) individual *oice4 ,! simplicity & naturalness ( ! description is ! be/ gu>antee ( an ord]ly progression by ,pausanias1 & ! only guide :]e ! evid5ce ( ! build+ is insuffici5t4 ,9 8 simple1 /raight=w>d acc\nt1 ,pausanias gives n ! slighte/ indication t he left ! ,ere*!um until he ent]$ ! ,p&roseum4 ,! pres5t plan ( ! temple 9 :i* ea/ & we/ cella are sep>at$ by a clos$ wall1 compels t assumption4 ,fur!r1 if ,pausanias com+ f ! ea/ ent]$ ! ,ere*!um by ! ea/ door1 "o is compell$ to place 9 ! cella ( ,a!na ! alt> ( ,poseidon-,ere*!us & ! pa9t+s ( ! ,butadae1 :i* did n dem& a cella ) an ori5tation ea/1 & !n to place ! cont5ts ( ! ,greek3 naos ts ,a?nas includ+ ! xoanon 9 ! we/]n cella :]e !y c]ta9ly did n belong2 or else ) ,drpfeld move ! museum into ! %ad[y old ,hekatomp$on1 ?us depriv+ ! goddess ( all %>e 9 ! ,ere*!um except t ! temple 0 nam$ aft] h] olde/ image 9 ! (ficial inscription ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,b neglect+ = ! mom5t ! objection t ,pausanias gives no indication ( hav+ left ! ,ere*!um until he pass$ to ! ,greek3 naos ,p&ros\1 & grant+ besides t ! old ,hekatomp$on 0 /ill /&+1 "o quickly asks :y ,pausanias1 :o took ?+s 9 ord]1 pass$ by t temple :5 he approa*$ f ! ea/4 ,:y did he n visit ! cellae :i* lay at ! high] level & !n proce$ to t at a l[] level 9 ! we/ "p ( ! ,ere*!um8 ,! fact t ! old temple /ood a few paces f>!r we/ ?an ! ,ere*!um does n help "o out ( ! difficulty4 ,! simple & conv5i5t ord] w\ld h be53 ,hekatomp$on1 ,ere*!um1 temple or tem5os ( ,p&rosus4 ,b in/ead "o has ! un9telligible ord] illu/rat$ 9 ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 ,,iii 7#ahii71 p4 #cfh4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! majority ( s*ol>s are "r 9 _! belief t ,pausanias ent]$ fir/ ! we/ cella ( ! ,ere*!um1 !n accord+ to ! pres5t plan nei!r ! well nor ! trid5t-m>k 7 ,greek3 endon because ! =m] is plac$ 9 ! room :i* is ent]$ directly f ! nor? & s\? por*es 7,mi*aelis1 ,jb4 ,ar*4 ,in/41 #aijb1 p4 #af74 ,furtwngl] 7,ma/]pieces1 p4 #dce7 takes refuge 9 ! !ory t ,pausanias1 imm$iately aft] m5tion+ ! alt> ( ,zeus ,hypatus be=e ! entrance1 adds ! ?ree o!rs )9 ! cella 9 ord] to get "o ( 8 favorite anti!ses4 ,! result is hopeless confusion4 ,! ?ree alt>s :i* ,pausanias m5tions z be+ 9 ! fir/ *amb]1 ,furtwngl] di/ributes 9 two *amb]s1 nei!r ( :i* is ent]$ directly f ei!r nor? or s\? por*1 :ile 9 ! fir/ *amb] ,cecrops is e/abli%$ :om ,pausanias does n m5tion4 ,an attempt1 :i* mu/ be *>act]iz$ z viol5t1 has be5 made to fit ! description ( ! travell] to ! plan ( ! cella by ! assumption 7,fraz]1 ,paus41 ,,ii1 #ccf7 t bo? well & trid5t-m>k 7 app>5tly rea*$ f ! inn] *amb]1 a sight ( ! well be+ af=d$ to ! curi\s ?r\gh an op5+ at ! foot ( ! /aircase :i* l$ d[n f ! inn] *amb] into ! crypt 7cf4 ,furtwngl]1 ,sitzb4 ,mn4 ,akad41 #aijd1 p4 #cgb74 ,b :y make ,pausanias desc5d a /airway1 = :i* !re is no evid5ce1 to look at ind5tations 9 ! rock :i* c\ld be se5 f ! ,por*8 ,fraz]'s reason t ! passage ?r\gh ! f\ndation & b5ea? ! floor 0 = ^? :o wi%$ to exam9e ! ind5tations closely is exce$+ly poor4 ,"o c exam9e ! m>ks f ! por* )\t crawl+ ?r\gh ! passage1 ! height ( :i* 7#a4bb m47 %[s t x 0 n int5d$ to be an ord9>y approa*1 z ,mi*aelis 7op4 cit41 p4 #ai7 rightly obs]ves4 ,pet]s5's explanation 7op4 cit41 p4 #ajb7 t ,pausanias po/pon$ ! m5tion ( ! trid5t-m>k until he saw ! ,greek3 phre> inside ! temple is simply ano!r arbitr>y violation ( a cle> /atem5t by ! travel] :i* gives e indication ( ord]ly natural progression4 ,notice mu/ be tak5 at ?is po9t ( ! hole ?r\gh ! floor ( ! por* close to ! wall & at ! left ( ! door4 ,?is hole op5s into ! passage4 ,nilson 7,j4,h4,s41 #aija1 p4 #cbh7 accepts ! ass]tion made 9 ! ,greek3 ,praktika ts epi t\ ,ere*!i\ ,epitrops 7#ahec7 #be t ! hole is mod]n1 b s9ce !re is n ! slighte/ trace ( a sc> made by a *isel on ! surface ( ! adjac5t block1 x is c]ta9 t ! hole 0 cut be=e ! slab 0 set 9 place1 i4e4 x is "p ( ! und]gr\nd sy/em at ?is place1 b no attempt has be5 made to expla9 x4 ,yet ano!r difficulty is f\nd 9 ! words ,greek3 dipl\n g> e/9 to oikma4 ,aft] m5tion+ ! alt>s & pa9t+s 9 ! fir/ room1 ,pausanias passes to ! second ) ! obs]vation t ! ,greek3 oikma is d\ble1 to f9d !re 7,greek3 endon7 a well & ! m>ks 7,greek3 sma or ,greek3 s*ma7 ( ! trid5t4 ,9 o!r passages 9 :i* ,pausanias describes d\ble build+s ! natural int]pretation is t ! fir/ *amb] is 9 front1 ! front det]m9$ by ! entrance ( ! second1 because cross-walls 9 cellae are normally at "r angles to ! major axis4 ,! nor? por* at once det]m9es t axis 9 ! we/ cella ( ! ,ere*!um4 ,9 ,paus4 ,,vi1 #bj4 #c1 ! fir/ *amb] is not$ ) ! words ,greek3 en t empro/h51 ! second ) ,greek3 en t entos4 ,accord+ to ! pres5t plan ! *amb]s ( ! ,greek3 oikma ,ere*!i\ are "o 9 front ( ! o!r = a p]son only1 :o ent]s by ! small door 9 ! we/ wall4 ,= "o ent]+ by ei!r ( ! o!r doors1 ! *amb]s are side by side4 ,a common objection to all !ories ab\t ! ,ere*!um is t !y attribute an un9telligible ord] to ! c\rse tak5 by ,pausanias4 ,^? :o ?9k he ent]$ ! build+ by ! nor? por* or ! por* ( ! maid5s are compell$ to believe t he pass$ by an ea/]n entrance only to retrace 8 /eps up/airs & ent] lat] ! cella ( ,a!na1 & t he !n desc5d$ aga9 to visit ! ,p&roseum4 ,^? :o believe t ,pausanias saw ! xoanon ( ,a!na 9 ! ,hekatomp$on are also compell$ to make ,pausanias d\ble on 8 c\rse & fur!rmore to /ra9 ! mean+ ( ,greek3 syne*s4 ,! ,p&roseum1 9 :i* ! ,greek3 naos ,p&ros\ mu/ h /ood is 9 close connection ) ! ,ere*!um1 & n ) ! t]race ( ! ,hekatomp$on :i* lay high] & 0 sep>at$ /ill m by a wall :i* ran we/ f ! por* ( ! maid5s on ! f\ndation = ! p]i/yle ( ! old temple4 ,^? :o believe t a /aircase connect$ ! ea/]n ) ! l[] we/]n cella ( ! ,ere*!um are at a loss to say :y ,pausanias did n ent] ! ea/]n %r9e fir/1 & aft] describ+ its cont5ts desc5d to ! we/]n & l[] cella1 & !n proce$ to ! ,p&roseum4 ,9 %ort1 ! pres5t plan ( ! ,ere*!um w agree ) ! description ( ,pausanias cum mula pep]it4 ,! difficulties ( ! pres5t plan bo? 9 ! light ( ! ,*&l] inscription & ! description by ,pausanias induce "o to believe t ! int]ior ( ! ,ere*!um has be5 wrongly re/or$ & mu/ !re=e be rexam9$4 ,a ,roman f\ndation has obscur$ ! tru? 9 ! temple1 namely ! f\ndation :i* is said to h support$ ! we/]n ( ! two int]ior walls4 ,?is f\ndation1 h[ev]1 lies exactly bel[ ! heavy blocks :i* 7 ins]t$ by ! ,romans z ! epi/yle ( a r[ ( pi]s or columns to support ! ro( & :i* s]v$ z ! successor ( ! ,greek3 kampyl selis ( ,greek times 7,a4 ,j4 ,a41 #aiaj1 p4 #bia74 ,! wea!r+ on ! nor? wall helps to e/abli% ! relation ( ! f\ndation to ! ins]t$ blocks4 ,?is f\ndation 0 lat] us$ = ! wall ( ! n>!x ( ! *ur* into :i* ! ,ere*!um 0 conv]t$1 p]haps z e>ly z ! fif? c5tury4 ,! traces ( ! ,greek walls1 j ea/ ( ! nor? & s\? doors1 %[ h[ev] t1 if !y belong to a ,greek wall :i* /ood on ! pres5t f\ndation1 t wall re/$ n squ>ely on ! f\ndation b on ! ea/]n side ( x4 ,! c]ta9 conclusion f ^! facts is t ! f\ndation 0 n laid = ! ,greek wall1 :atev] ! "* ( ! latt] may h be54 ,! size ( ! ins]t$ blocks proves t ! ,roman "w 0 heavy & dem&$ a heavy f\ndation su* z exi/s rea*+ d[n to ! rock4 ,! traces ( ! ,greek wall h[ev] %[ t x rea*$ up five c\rses above ! or?o/ates :ile ! pres5ce ( ! ,greek3 kampyl selis above proves t ?is l[ wall 0 only a scre5-wall & support$ no?+4 ,t ! f\ndation is ,roman is confirm$ on exam9ation ( its "* :i* pres5ts a rem>kable contra/ ) ! ,greek f\ndation ( ! we/ wall ( ! build+4 ,! b$ = ! ,roman f\ndation 0 n c>efully prep>$2 j s\? ( ! c5tre ! unev5ness ( ! und]ly+ rock is di/9ctly noticeable4 ,q diff]5t is ! "* ( ! ,greek f\ndation4 ,! rock 0 c>efully cut to receive x4 ,! c\rses are ev5ly laid1 ! int]/ices betwe5 ! blocks small4 ,nei!r rem>k applies to ! ,roman f\ndation :i* is ! poore/ 9 ! build+4 ,f9ally1 ?is f\ndation does n key into ^? = ! nor? & s\? walls 7,fig4 #f74 ,! s\? f\ndation appe>s to key into t = ! int]ior wall1 b on exam9ation x w be se5 t ! poros block 9 "q has be5 cut back by ^? :o enl>g$ ! ci/]n4 ,?is block orig9ally project$ 9 z f> z ! poros blocks 9 ! same c\rse b ea/ ( ! int]ior wall4 ,if ! int]ior f\ndation _h key$ into ! f\ndations ( ! outside walls its ,greek "* w\ld h be5 beyond "q4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #f ,,view ,,( ,n4 ,,end ,,( ,w4 ,,int]ior ,,f\ndation ,,%[+ ,,t ,,x ,,does ,,n ,,key ,,into ,,! ,,f\ndation ,,( ,,! ,n4 ,,wall ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #g ,,plan ,,( ,,ere*!um ,,%[+ ,,new ,,int]ior ,,arrangem5t4 ,,dott$ ,,l9es ,,f ,a ,,%[ ,,simultane\s ,,visibility ,,( ,,w9d[s ,,f ,,! ,,axis ,,( ,,! ,,door ,! we/]n cella ( ! ,ere*!um 0 9 all probability divid$ into two *amb]s by a wall runn+ ea/ & we/ 7,fig4 #g74 ,! *ief evid5ce 9 ! build+ = ?is is t ! we/ door ( ! ,ere*!um does n /& 9 ! middle ( ! wall1 a peculi>ity (t5 rem>k$ 7,p5rose1 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,a!nian ,ar*itecture1 p4 #hh74 ,! unusual position ( a door "u a column is /ructurally objectionable 7,mi*aelis1 ,jb4 ,ar*4 ,in/41 #aijb1 p4 #ah74 ,_h ! door be5 plac$ 9 ! middle1 x w\ld h /ood directly "u ! c5tral int]colum9ation ( ! we/ colonnade4 ,! late/ !ory 7,d',ooge1 ,! ,acropolis ( ,a!ns1 p4 #bja7 is t ! position ( ! door 0 det]m9$ by ! /ructure :i* abutt$ aga9/ ! we/ wall j s\? ( ! door4 ,! pres5ce ( an adjo9+ /ructure is !n to be cr$it$ ) "s magic p[] ( attraction :i* drew ! door f its normal position into "o /ructurally objectionable4 ,! unsymmetrical position ( ! door 0 d\btless det]m9$ by ! int]ior cross-wall :i* /ood j nor? ( ! door & divid$ ! we/ cella into a nor? & s\? *amb] ( approximately ! same size4 ,! door connect+ ! two v probably lay 9 ! axis ( ! nor? & s\? doors ( ! temple 7,fig4 #g71 ?us v ne> to ! we/ wall4 ,! di/ance ( ! top c\rse :i* c\ld n h rea*$ above ! l9tel ( ! we/ door 0 #h-a_/d feet above ! bottom ( ! or?o/ates ( ! we/ wall4 ,! height ( ! doors m5tion$ 9 ! ,*&l] inscription is #h-a_/d feet4 ,( ?is cross-wall !re are no traces ( contact ) ! we/ wall4 ,x mu/ be not$1 h[ev]1 t ! surface ( ! we/ wall is at t place badly brok5 away 7,fig4 #h74 ,! surface ( ! or?o/ate is 9 "p well pres]v$ b or?o/ates at ! place ( contact ) int]ior walls h n[h]e left any indication ( su* contact--no ana?yrosis4 ,?is is especially peculi> 9 ! case ( ! ea/]n cross-wall :]e ! suppos$ high] level on ! ea/ side w\ld lead "o to expect a c>eful jo9+ ) ana?yrosis 7,fig4 #i74 ,_h ! nor? wall be5 de/roy$ beyond recov]y d[n to ?is or?o/ate1 !re w\ld h be5 no evid5ce n[ to %[ t a cross-wall ev] 0 9 contact ) x4 ,! or?o/ate next ! door 9 ! we/ wall _c be cit$ z evid5ce aga9/ ! exi/5ce ( an int]ior cross-wall runn+ ea/ & we/4 ,! blocks above ?is or?o/ate are badly brok5 away except "o j bel[ ! l9tel :i* has "s orig9al surface pres]v$4 ,! l9tel l ! or?o/ate is a block two c\rses high & may h ! same exemption f any signs ( contact1 z f> z ! surface is conc]n$1 ) ! int]ior ( ! wall4 ,x is possible t n a s+le c\rse ( ! cross-wall key$ into ! we/ wall because ! =m] 0 m]ely a l[ p>tition-wall4 ,! top ( ! l9tel 9 ! l9e ( ! wall is brok5 away s t !re1 z 9 ! case ( ! blocks bel[1 no evid5ce ( clamps c be expect$4 ,neglect+ = a mom5t ! rem>kable position ( ! door1 x may be said t ! int]ior surface ( ! we/ wall j nor? ( ! door is 9 no condition to give def9ite evid5ce pro or con ( ! exi/5ce ( ?is int]ior cross-wall4 ,! conclusive answ] mu/ be f\nd 9 ! simple description ( ,pausanias to ^: text "o may n[ turn 7,i1 #bf1 #e74 ,! new plan fits p]fectly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #h ,,view ,,( ,,! ,n4 ,,side ,,( ,,! ,,door ,,9 ,,! ,w4 ,,wall ,9 ! fir/ room 7,greek3 esel?\si7 ,pausanias f\nd ! alt>s ( ,hephae/us1 ,poseidon-,ere*!us & ,butes1 & ! pa9t+s ( ! ,butadae4 ,! wall space light$ directly f ! we/ w9d[s 0 f9ely adapt$ = ! pa9t+s4 ,!re 7 only two doors & ^? at ! we/ ends ( ! long walls4 ,!re c\ld h be5 an un9t]rupt$ s]ies ( pa9t+s1 :]eas ! ,greek3 pro/omiaion ( ! o!r plan _h five doors1 & !re=e (f]$ less desirable space4 ,) ! words ,greek3 dipl\n g> e/9 to oikma1 ,pausanias passes to ! next room 7,greek3 endon7 :]e he f\nd ! well ( sea-wat]4 ,n[ ! "n ) :i* ,pausanias introduces 8 description is significant3 ,greek3 e/i de kai oikma ,ere*!ion kal\m5on4 ,he nam$ ! temple f ! "p :i* he ent]$ fir/ & !n he says a mom5t lat] t ?is ,greek3 oikma is d\ble1 i4e4 ! "p :i* he has j ent]$4 ,up to ?is po9t !re is no sugge/ion ( ,a!na4 ,! ,greek3 dipl\n oikma ( ,ere*!us consi/$ ( two *amb]s "o beh9d ! o!r ) ref]5ce to ! por*4 ,! ,greek3 phre> 9 ! new plan is 9 ! inn] 7,greek3 endon7 room ( ! ,greek3 oikma ne> ! we/ wall ( ! temple1 :]e wat] 0 accumulat$ 9 lat] times & probably !re=e 9 ,greek & ,roman times1 :ile !re is no indication :atev] ( a well ( any sort 9 ! inn] *amb] accord+ to ! old plan4 ,at pres5t ! ci/]n 9 ! we/]n "p ( ! temple rea*es f nor? door to s\? door1 b !re is evid5ce to %[ t orig9ally 9 ,greek times x did n ext5d s f> nor?4 ,j inside ! nor? door1 ! pavem5t consi/$ ( ?9 slabs1 #j4ac m4 ?ick1 :i* ran 9 "u ! heavy blocks bel[ ! or?o/ates ( ! we/ wall & fitt$ into a cutt+ 9 ! topmo/ c\rse ( ! poros f\ndation4 ,! ?9ness ( ! pavem5t is inconsi/5t ) ! !ory ( a holl[ vault ( any sort b5ea? ! floor4 ,!re mu/ h be5 a fill+ ( e>? = ! pavem5t to re/ on4 ,?is confirms ! !ory t ! orig9ally small] place = ! accumulation ( wat] )9 ! build+ 0 ! s\?-we/ corn]4 ,! dra9 at ! s\?-we/ corn] ( ! ,nor? ,por* :i* br\ght wat] f ! direction ( ! ,c>yatid ,por* bo? be=e & aft] ! pres5t ,ere*!um 0 built may h c>ri$ excess wat] f ! ,greek3 phre>4 ,x is possible t ! abs5ce ( a prop] f\ndation b5ea? ! ?re%old ( ! door 9 ! ,c>yatid ,por* 0 due to ! pres5ce !re ( a c\rse or c\rses ( /one :i* surr\nd$ ! well & trid5t-m>k4 ,! ar*itect1 unable to secure cons5t to _! removal1 0 compell$ to build ^u !m & to raise ! door4 ,he plac$ ! ?re%old above ! bottom ( ! or?o/ates1 & ! position ( ?is ?re%old may h det]m9$ ! high position ( ! or?o/ates ( ! we/]n wall4 ,bo? are plac$ at ! same level4 ,9 ! inn] room ,pausanias saw ! trid5t-m>k1 naturally ne> ! ,greek3 phre>4 ,! fir/ produc$ ! second1 accord+ to ,apollodorus1 ,,iii1 #ad1 #b4 ,pausanias did n see !m ,greek3 pro ts esod\ b ,greek3 endon4 ,!re is no au?ority :atev] = id5tify+ ! m>ks 9 ! rock b5ea? ! nor? por* ) ^? made by ! trid5t ( ,poseidon1 except common cons5t 9 rec5t times4 ,if ! trid5t-m>k lay )9 ! ,ere*!um :at deity made t outside1 & b5ea? ! por*1 a m>k :i* 0 beyond "q an object ( cult8 ,die ,/elle wel*e ,zeus mit se9em ,blitze getr(f5 hatte1 wurde mit e9em ,puteal umgeb5 und blieb unt] freiem ,himmel 7,drpfeld1 ,a?4 ,mitt41 #aijc1 p4 #dfg74 ,an alt> ( ,zeus ,hypatus /ood be=e ! entrance4 ,! co9cid5ce ( place ,greek3 pro ts esod\ & ,greek3 en t pro/asei t pros t\ ?yrmatos :]e1 accord+ to ! (ficial inscription ! alt> ( ! ,?ye*\s /ood1 outweighs any objection to ! id5tification ( ! two alt>s bas$ on diff]5ce ( "n 9 ! two records1 ,greek3 ho bmos t\ ?y*\ & ,greek3 ,dios bmos ,hypat\4 ,pausanias dep>ts f ! (ficial t]m9ology ( build+ inscriptions4 ,! rotunda at ,epidaurus 0 call$ 9 ! build+ inscription ,greek3 ?ymel 7cf4 ,cavvadias1 ,greek3 ,to ,hi]on t\ ,asklpi\ en ,epidaur1 p4 #ej74 ,pausanias call$ x ,greek3 ?olos4 ,! (ficial "n = ! ,ere*!um does n occur 9 lit]ature nor 9 inscriptions except 9 ! report ( ! commission]s4 ,x is n surpris+ !n if ,pausanias fail$ to call ! alt> ,greek3 ho bmos t\ ?y*\4 ,?is "n gives n ! slighte/ clue to ! god to :om x 0 erect$4 ,! sugge/ion ( ,mi*aelis 7,jb4 ,ar*4 ,in/41 #aijb1 p4 #ag7 t ! alt> may h be5 "o to ,poseidon proce$s f ! logical idea to make x t ( ! god :o is ?\ght to h made ! m>ks 9 ! rock b5ea? ! por*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #i ,,look+ ,,nor? ,,9 ,,! ,,l9e ,,( ,,! ,,ea/]n ,,int]ior ,,cross-,,wall4 ,a ,,view ,,%[+ ,,! ,,or?o/ate ,,:i* ,,0 ,,9 ,,contact ,,) ,,! ,,int]ior ,,wall ,,& ,,! ,,r\gh ,,surface 7,x7 ,,( ,,! ,,native ,,rock ,,9 ,,! ,,l9e ,,( ,,! ,,latt] ,! alt> 9 ! nor? por* 0 "o to ,zeus & its pres5ce !re sugge/s ! reasonable !ory t ! m>ks 9 ! rock bel[ x & ! squ>e hole 9 ! ro( above are a memorial ( ! ?und]bolt :i* he hurl$ at ,ere*!us accord+ to ,hyg9us 7,fab41 #df74 ,cf4 ,pet]s51 op4 cit41 p4 #gb4 ,"o _c say :i* is ! e>li] tradition1 t pres]v$ 9 ,hyg9us or t 9 ,euripides 7,ion1 #bha7 accord+ to :i* ,greek3 plgai tria9s ?ru/ ,ere*!us into a ,greek3 *asma *?onos 7,furtwngl]1 ,ma/]pieces1 p4 #dcf1 note #c74 ,!re 0 a tradition t ,zeus1 at ! reque/ ( ,poseidon1 kill$ ,ere*!us ) a ?und]bolt1 a tradition :i* becomes ! m int]e/+ 9 ! light ( an inscription f\nd on ! ,acropolis 7,loll+1 ,greek3 ,del4 ,ar*41 #ahij1 p4 #add7 :i* proves t an ,greek3 abaton ,dios ,kataibat\ exi/$ !re4 ,! /one be>+ ! inscription 0 f\nd 9 a m$iaeval wall nor? ( ! nor!a/ corn] ( ! ,p>!non4 ,?ree surfaces ( ! fragm5t are pres]v$ %[+ t x came f a corn] p]haps ( a l[ wall enclos+ ! ,greek3 abaton4 ,"o side ( ! block :i* is ,p5telic m>ble is f9ely poli%$4 ,!re are no d[el or clamp-holes pres]v$ & x is impossible to recov] ! dim5sions ( ! orig9al block4 ,! face :i* be>s ! inscription ( ! late f\r? c5tury seems to h be5 r$ress$1 s9ce *isel m>ks are evid5t4 ,! inscription may !n h be5 recut4 ,x is t5tatively sugge/$ t ?is fragm5t 0 "p ( ! curb ab\t ! op5+ 9 ! floor ( ! nor? por*4 ,zeus hurl$ a ?und]bolt :i* de/roy$ ! *amb] ( ,semele at ,!bes & ! place 0 an ,greek3 abaton 9 ! "t ( ,pausanias 7,,ix1 #ab1 #d74 ,:5 ,zeus /ruck ,ere*!us ) a ?und]bolt1 ! spot on ! ,acropolis :]e ! lightn+ /ruck may likewise h become an ,greek3 abaton4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t at ,olympia1 ,pausanias 7,v1 #ad1 #g7 saw ! f\ndations ( ! h\se ( ,o5omaus & two alt>s1 "o to ,zeus ,h]keios :i* ,o5omaus seems to h built1 ! o!r to ,zeus ,k]aunos erect$ lat]1 aft] ! ?und]bolt _h de/roy$ ! h\se4 ,! p]sons & palaces ( my?ical k+s appe> to h be5 a favorite m>k = ! ?und]bolt ( ,zeus4 ,! tradition pres]v$ 9 ,hyg9us is an illu/ration1 & tempts "o to seek 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,ere*!um = "s record ( ! ?und]bolt4 ,& s too does ! notice ( ! s*olia/ 7aft] ,apollodorus7 on ,sophocles1 ,o$4 ,col41 #gje1 :o says t ne> ! ,academy !re 0 an alt> to ,zeus ,kataibates :o 0 also call$ ,morios3 ,greek3 e/9 ho te t\ kataibat\ ,dios bmos on kai ,morion kal\s9 tn ekei morin p>a to ts ,a?nas hi]on hidrym5n4 ,t ,zeus ,kataibates %\ld h be5 call$ ,greek3 ,morios 7moria7 po9ts to "s relation ) ,a!na & ! olive :i* may h _h its orig9 on ! ,acropolis4 ,does ?is d\ble "n simply mean t ,zeus ( sleepless eye us$ lightn+ 7,greek3 kataibats7 to av5ge sacrilege :i* "o committ$ :5 he violat$ a sacr$ olive 7,greek3 moria7 z ,miss ,h>rison1 ,my?ology & ,monum5ts ( ,anci5t ,a!ns1 p4 #eii1 sugge/s1 or is ! key to ! explanation furni%$ by a passage 9 ,pausanias 7,,ix1 #ab1 #d78 ,pausanias records ! tradition t at ! "t ,zeus hurl$ ! ?und]bolt :i* de/roy$ ,semele & h] bridal *amb] a log fell f heav5 :i* ,polydorus adorn$ ) bronze & call$ ,dionysus ,cadmus4 ,p]haps ! anci5t image ( ,a!na1 ! xoanon ( olive wood1 :i* fell f heav51 fell at ! "t ,zeus smote ,ere*!us1 j z ! wood5 image ( ,dionysus ,cadmus fell :5 ,zeus de/roy$ ,semele4 ,if s1 !n ,zeus ,kataibates1 by br++ to e>? a piece ( sacr$ olive 7,greek3 moria7 v naturally acquir$ ! "n ,zeus ,morios4 ,:at kn[n alt> to ,zeus 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,ere*!um c\ld h be5 erect$ to him 9 8 capacity z ,greek3 kataibats8 ,!re 0 an alt> ( ,zeus ,h]keios "u ! olive 9 ! ,p&roseum4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 _c h s]v$ z an alt> ( ,zeus ,kataibates because ^! 7 two di/9ct phases ( ! ,zeus cult4 ,pausanias f\nd ne> ! ru9s ( ! palace ( ,o5omaus at ,olympia an alt> to ,zeus ,h]keios & ano!r to ,zeus ,k]aunos 7,kataibates74 ,be=e ! entrance to ! ,ere*!um ,pausanias f\nd an alt> to ,zeus ,hypatus beside ! sacr$ ind5tations 9 ! rock :i* lay b5ea? an op5+ 9 ! ro(1 & ?is is none o!r ?an ! alt> to ,zeus ,kataibates4 ,! passage :i* l$ f ^! ind5tations ?r\gh ! f\ndation into ! temple 0 n int5d$ = ! wor%ipp] b = ! prie/ on occasion4 ,h]e9 lies a possible explanation ( ! hole :i* op5s into ! passage close to ! wall ea/ ( ! ma9 door4 ,x 0 p]haps a sort ( speak+ tube = subt]ranean utt]ances4 ,p]haps b5ea? ! floor ( ! temple ! *?onic ,ere*!us 0 invok$ & prie/ly response he>d f above ?r\gh ! op5+4 ,! trid5t-m>k & ! well1 bo? de/roy$ :5 ! m$iaeval ci/]n 0 cut1 7 situat$ 9 ! s\?we/ "p ( ! ,ere*!um4 ,?us evid5ces produc$ by ,poseidon 9 ! dispute ov] ! l& 7 close to ! olive tree ( ,a!na :i* /ood 9 ! ,p&roseum4 ,! door 9 ! we/ wall gave ready access f "o to ! o!r4 ,x has already be5 rem>k$ t 9 ! description ( ! ,ere*!um1 ,pausanias gives no indication betwe5 ! words ,greek3 esel?\s9 7,i1 #bf1 #e7 & ,greek3 syne*s 7,i1 #bg1 #b7 t he left ! build+ to ent] a temple ( ,a!na4 ,! ref]5ce to ! well & ! trid5t-m>k is foll[$ by a comp\nd s5t5ce1 ! fir/ memb] 7,greek3 m57 ( :i* prep>es ! way = ! m important second memb] 7,greek3 de7 :i* tells ( ! ,greek3 hagitaton 444 ,a?nas agalma4 ,!re is no break "h 9 ! cont9uity ( ! acc\nt & no di/urbance ( an ord]ly advance if ,pausanias f\nd a means ( communication betwe5 ! inn] *amb] ( ! ,greek3 dipl\n oikma & ! ,greek3 naos ts ,a?nas4 ,n[ ! traditional intimacy ( ,a!na & ,ere*!us w\ld lead "o to expect su* communication & ?us ! cella ( ,a!na :i* gave ! (ficial "n to ! temple w\ld h a %>e 9 ! magnific5t nor? portal1 ! ma9 entrance to ! build+4 ,! attempts to raise ! ea/]n portico to ! dignity ( ! ,greek3 pro/asis h pros t\ ?yrmatos are unsatisfactory4 ,?us ,p5rose 7op4 cit41 p4 #ie73 ,x may seem a difficulty to expla9 :y ! mo/ magnific5t portico %\ld lead to a subord9ate %r9e1 b ! ea/]n portico ) its six columns1 al?\gh ( small] diamet]1 0 sc>cely if at all ( less importance1 & ! doorway c\ld n h be5 mu* inf]ior 9 wid? & height4444 ,! diff]5ce ( level also obvi\sly gives prem95ce to ! ea/]n site4 ,^! consid]ations nei!r qualify ! difficulty nor d !y less5 ! prem95t magnific5ce ( ! nor? por*4 ,ap>t f ! dem&s ( ! text ( ,pausanias1 !re is ano!r po9t to be obs]v$4 ,f ! nor? por* !re 0 a doorway op5+ into ! ,p&roseum4 ,?us ! nor? por* gave admission to a tem5os1 b n accord+ to pres5t !ory to ! ea/]n cella ( ,a!na4 ,9 ! inn] *amb] :]e ,pausanias saw ! well1 he mu/ h f\nd a door1 ! second ( ! two m5tion$ 9 ! ,*&l] inscription1 :i* op5$ into ! ea/]n cella 7,fig4 #g74 ,:5 he _h se5 ! objects !re1 he retrac$ 8 /eps pa/ ! well & ! m>k ( ! trid5t1 & ent]$ by ! small door 9 ! we/ wall1 ! ,p&roseum1 :]e /ood a temple :i* 0 ,greek3 syne*s t na ts ,a?nas4 ,t ,pausanias on approa*+ ! ,ere*!um %\ld call x ,greek3 ,ere*!ion & !n on leav+ %\ld call x ,greek3 naos ts ,a?nas is n only q 9 keep+ ) t /yli/ic t5d5cy :i* ,rob]t has t]m$ oratio v>iata 7,pausanias als ,s*rift/ell] s4v47 b has a simple & natural explanation4 ,! fir/ "n = ! temple 0 t ( ! we/]n "p :i* he ent]$ fir/ & f\nd to be d\ble2 ! la/ "n 0 t ( ! ea/]n "p :i* he visit$ la/4 ,! "n = ! :ole 0 det]m9$ by t "p :i* 0 mo/ prom95tly 9 8 ?\ght at ! "t4 ,he gives n ! slighte/ h9t t ,a!na _h any %>e 9 ! temple until he has describ$ ! cont5ts ( ! ,greek3 dipl\n oikma4 ,prop]ly speak+ ! we/]n "p ( ! build+ 0 ! ,ere*!um1 & ! ea/]n1 ! temple ( ,a!na2 b ! "n ( ei!r half spread to ! :ole1 a natural t5d5cy :i* gave ! ,p>!non its "n1 & readily intelligible 9 ! case ( ! ,ere*!um 9 view ( ! traditional intimacy ( ! two div9ities record$ 9 ,hom]4 ,:5 ,pausanias speaks ( ! ?olos at ,epidaurus a second "t1 he does n call x by t "n1 b ,greek3 oikma p]iph]es4 ,z = ! dog ( ,philo*orus1 "o may believe simply t ! creature pass$ ?r\gh ! ,ere*!um prop] into ! ,p&roseum 7,pet]s51 op4 cit41 p4 #adc74 ,! !ory 0 at "o "t put =w>d t a /aircase af=d$ communication betwe5 ! we/]n cella & ! high] ea/]n cella1 b sev]al consid]ations e/abli% ! fact t !y _h a common level4 ,! conclusive argum5t is t !re are no cutt+s 9 ! rock = ! cross-wall betwe5 ! two cellae1 al?\gh t rock lay only #a-a4ej m4 bel[ ! base ( ! wall4 ,9 its r\gh & slop+ surfaces 7,fig4 #i7 !re is n a s+le trace ( a b$ = a f\ndation :i* ! suppos$ heavy cross-wall w\ld dem&4 ,! rock betrays no evid5ces :atev] ( prep>ation to receive a f\ndation4 ,! cont5tion t po9ts ( rock 7 brok5 (f is absurd4 ,! f\ndations = ! outside walls g d[n to & re/ 9 su* b$s1 t ( ! we/ wall be+ an illu/ration4 ,^? :o believe t ! heavy cross-wall support$ ro( beams besides s]v+ z a t]race wall = ! we/]n cella #c m4 l[] ?an ! ea/]n1 seem n to h ?\ght t su* a wall w\ld ne$ a well cut b$ 9 ! rock4 ,n[ ! ea/ wall1 ! ?9ne/ 9 ! build+1 has a f\ndation :i*1 ?\gh x consi/s ( eight c\rses ( heavy poros blocks1 re/s 9 deep cutt+s 9 ! rock4 ,"u "o block ( ! l[e/ c\rse1 lies a small] block ( poros :i* also re/s 9 deep cutt+s 9 ! rock4 ,:y did n ! ea/]n int]ior cross-wall likewise h a b$ = x cut 9 ! rock1 especially s9ce its f\ndation 0 s %all[1 only two or ?ree c\rses ( poros1 & n eight z 9 ! case ( ! ea/]n wall8 ,! only bit ( outside wall :i* does n re/ 9 cutt+s 9 ! rock is t at ! s\?we/ corn]1 b !re ! few c\rses bel[ ! l9tel ( ! door re/$ on an object ( cult ( "s sort :i* made impossible ! normal f\ndation1 :ile ! weight above ! l9tel re/$ on ! heavy block 9 ! we/ wall & ! firmly f\nd$ wall j ea/ ( ! door4 ,! *ampions ( ! accept$ plan ( ! ,ere*!um mu/ expla9 a /rik+ inconsi/5cy 9 con/ruction pres5t$ by ! two int]ior cross-walls4 ,! we/]n1 a scre5-wall 7,d',ooge1 ,! ,acropolis ( ,a!ns1 p4 #bjb7 :i* rea*$ only five c\rses above ! or?o/ates & support$ no o!r weight :atev]1 _h a f\ndation :i* re/s p>tly 9 cutt+s 9 ! rock1 :ile ! ea/]n int]ior wall :i* rea*$ q to ! ceil+1 support$ ! weight ( x1 besides be+ ( ! nature ( a t]race wall1 _h a f\ndation :i* re/$ only on ! r\gh & slop+ rock4 ,h[ is ?is inconsi/5cy to be expla9$8 ,! inconsi/5cy _c be avoid$4 ,! logical inf]5ce f ! facts is "o :i* makes ,pausanias intelligible4 ,! ea/]n cross-wall c\ld n h rea*$ to ! ceil+ except at ! ends :]e ! blocks key$ into ! side-walls & %>$ _! f\ndations4 ,! inf]5ce t ?is wall = its entire l5g? mu/ h be5 z high z ! traces on ! side walls is altoge!r unnecess>y4 ,except at ! ends ?is wall 0 z high z ! o!r p>tition-wall1 & l x support$ no weight4 ,! pila/]s less5$ a span ( ?irty feet by p]haps two feet & ) ! outside walls s]v$ to support a heavy cross-beam4 ,wall-pila/]s are n unkn[n 9 ,greek ar*itecture z ! temples ( ,apollo at ,bassae & ! ,h]aeum at ,olympia prove 7,fraz]1 op4 cit41 ,,iii1 p4 #ehi74 ,pausanias walk$ into ! cella ( ,a!na f t ( ,ere*!us )\t asc5d+ a /ep4 ,s9ce all ! int]ior *amb]s ( ! ,ere*!um _h ! same level z ! nor? portal x is unnecess>y to ma9ta9 t he %\ld h ent]$ ! ,a!na cella fir/ on com+ f ! ea/4 ,9 p]fect keep+ ) ! new plan ( ! int]ior is ! simple sequ5ce ( ! topographical indications 9 8 description3 7#a7 ,greek3 pro ts esod\1 7#b7 ,greek3 esel?\s91 7#c7 ,greek3 endon 7dipl\n g> e/9 to oikma71 7#d7 ,greek3 hagitaton agalma 7cf4 ,greek3 ho nes en h to ar*aion agalma71 7#e7 ,greek3 t na de ts ,a?nas ,p&ros\ naos syne*s4 ,b :at ( ! protrud+ poros f\ndations ( ! ea/ & s\? walls & ( ! unf9i%$ surface ( ! nor? wall :i* h always readily confirm$ ! !ory ( a high] level = ! cella ( ,a!na8 ,c]ta9ly ^! 7 n visible4 ,!y mu/ h be5 conceal$ beh9d m>ble %elves on nor? & s\? & m>ble %elves & /eps on ! ea/ 7,fig4 #g74 ,! build]s ( ! ,ere*!um 7 economical1 us+ ! f\ndations ( ! p]i/yle ( ! ,hekatomp$on z f> z possible & !n add+ blocks ( poros to complete a f\ndation = ! s\? wall ( _! temple4 ,!re 0 no m ne$ = a wall ( m>ble beh9d ! s\? %elf ?an !re 0 = a m>ble floor b5ea? ! p$e/al ( ! /atue 9 ! ,p>!non4 ,^! %elves 7 conv5i5t = ! exhibition ( ! _m objects deposit$ 9 ! cella :i* 0 a religi\s museum4 ,! surface ( ! m>ble walls is n pres]v$ to a suffici5t height to %[ :e!r !re 0 any trace ( contact ) ! top ( ! %elf1 j z !y c give no positive evid5ce ( a floor at ! high] level4 ,a peculi> cutt+ 9 ! or?o/ate at ! s\?-ea/ corn] ( ! temple %\ld be not$ 9 ?is connection4 ,! cutt+ is 9 ! int]ior angle & is s made t ! or?o/ate c\ld be set at ?is place on a horizontal surface :i* ran inw>d4 ,0 ?is horizontal surface ! floor level8 ,0 ! floor ( ! ea/]n cella rais$ "o /ep above ! ?re%old z ,d',ooge says 7op4 cit41 p4 #bjg78 ,?is is unlikely because ! floor level w\ld !n h be5 above ! base ( ! or?o/ates4 ,! horizontal surface 0 ! top ( ! %elf1 = its v]tical plane w\ld h c\rses ( ! same height z ord9>y wall-blocks4 ,!re is a ,roman block #aj feet long & #a-a_/b feet high :i* ! ,*ri/ians reus$ z ! base /one ( ! icono/asis :5 !y conv]t$ ! ,ere*!um into a *ur*4 ,x _h a base m\ld+ ( "s sort :i* ! ,*ri/ians *isell$ (f4 ,?is long block probably =m$ "p ( ! l[e/ c\rse ( ! fac+ ( ! %elf4 ,! fact t its dim5sions are ^? ( ! ,greek3 gongylos li?os a!tos1 antimoros tais epikranitis9 mekos dekapos hyphsos trion hemipodion 7,i4 ,g41 ,i1 #cbb1 col4 #a7 causes a suspicion t ! ,roman block simply replac$ a ,greek "o1 :i* 9 its position at ! base ( ! wall correspond$ to ! ,greek3 epikranitides at ! top ( x4 ,an exam9ation ( ! f\ndation = ! ea/ wall reveals an int]e/+ condition :i* is un9telligible if ! cella ( ,a!na _h a high] floor-level ?an ! we/]n cella4 ,9 ! nor?-ea/ corn]1 a m>ble block ( ! nor? wall is cut back to ! l9e ( ! we/ face ( ! poros f\ndation 7,fig4 #aj74 ,if ! m>ble block lay buri$ b5ea? ! floor1 :y 0 x s c>efully trimm$8 ,! explanation may be (f]$ t ! cutt+ 0 done :5 ! temple 0 made ov] into a *ur*4 ,b ! *isel+ is m c>eful ?an ! *isel+ done at t "t 9 ! ,ere*!um4 ,:5 ! ea/]n p>tition-wall 0 remov$1 r\gh traces ( x 7 left on ! side-walls4 ,! treatm5t ( ! block 9 "q is ,greek 9 its c>efulness & ! cutt+ 0 probably made to receive a slab ( ! m>ble fac+ :i* conceal$ ! f\ndation-blocks ( ! ea/ wall4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #aj ,,! ,n4,e4 ,,corn] ,,( ,,! ,,cella ,,( ,,a!na ,!re is ano!r s]i\s difficulty 9 ! way ( ^? :o believe t ! ea/]n cella _h a high] level ?an ! we/]n4 ,! s\? wall ( ! temple _h or?o/ates on ! outside b none on ! inside :]e wall-blocks ( ! usual height took _! place4 ,^! wall-blocks 7 easily torn out & h s9ce completely disappe>$4 ,9 ! we/]n *amb] or?o/ates w\ld h be5 illogical because !y w\ld h be5 high above ! level ( ! floor1 b 9 ! ea/]n cella1 if x _h ! level ( ! ea/]n por* or?o/ates w\ld h be5 us$4 ,s9ce !re 7 wall-blocks beh9d ! or?o/ates ( ! s\? wall 9 ! we/]n cella1 "o w\ld reasonably expect or?o/ates beh9d wall-blocks 9 ! nor? wall ( ! ea/]n cella1 provid$ t cella 0 at ! level ( ! ea/]n por*4 ,b x is absolutely c]ta9 t su* 0 n ! case4 ,! not*$ =m ( ! or?o/ate at ! nor?-ea/ corn] ( ! temple %[s t x 0 9 contact ) two c\rses ( wall-blocks ( regul> height 9 ! nor? wall4 ,?us ! ea/]n cella1 if x lay at ! level ( its por* /rangely lack$ int]ior or?o/ates 9 its nor? & s\? walls4 ,b if ?is cella lay at ! level ( ! we/]n cella1 ! lack becomes at once intelligible4 ,! abs5ce ( or?o/ates at ! suppos$ high] floor-level ( ! ea/]n cella comb9es ) ! abs5ce ( any cutt+ = a f\ndation = ! wall betwe5 ! cellae to prove ! !ory :i* is 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! simple sequ5ce 9 ! description by ,pausanias4 ,! !ory ( "o level )9 ! ,ere*!um seems to contradict & to be contradict$ by ! evid5ce :i* ,/ev5s has f\nd ( a door 9 ! ea/ wall 7,a4 ,j4 ,a41 #aijf1 p4 #eh ff474 ,! contradiction is n necess>y1 = a flight ( /eps at ! ea/ end ( ! cella ( ,a!na is p]fectly possible4 ,! con/ruction ( an apse = ! *ur* at ! ea/ end ( ! temple necessitat$ ! removal ( a numb] ( f\ndation-blocks :i* might h giv5 evid5ce ( /eps4 ,h[ev] x is q possible t ! f\ndations = ! /eps :i* _h no ne$ to re/ 9 rock cutt+s 7 simply laid aga9/1 n key$ into ! f\ndations ( ! ea/ wall4 ,! /airs are drawn 9 ! plan 7,fig4 #g74 ,! idea ( a /air-case at ! ea/ end ( a cella is illu/rat$ by ! temple at ,didyma4 ,! ea/]n door ( ! ,ere*!um 0 n ! normal1 n ! int5d$ entrance to ! cella ( ,a!na1 b s]v$ z ! traditional ea/]n entrance t[>d :i* ! xoanon fac$4 ,pausanias l o!r visitors ent]$ by ! ,greek3 pro/asis h pros t\ ?yrmatos1 ! ma9 entrance to ! temple4 ,x is int]e/+ to note "s evid5ce :i* %[s t 9 ! p]iod be=e ! ,ere*!um 0 conv]t$ into a ,*ri/ian *ur* !re 0 no diff]5ce ( level )9 ! build+1 namely1 ! masses ( rubble masonry :i* 7 plac$ close to ! nor? wall at approximately equal di/ances f ! ea/]n cross-wall4 ,!y are firmly f\nd$ on ! rock & rea* up ne>ly to ! base ( ! or?o/ates4 ,!y h no c\nt]p>ts along ! s\? wall4 ,! scre5-wall ( ! nor? aisle ( ! *ur* /ood directly ov] "o ( ! masses4 ,! ?re%old ( x is /ill 9 place4 ,^! heavy f\ndations & ! int]ior longitud9al walls ( ! *ur* _c be contempor>y4 ,! latt] 7 suffici5t to c>ry ! weight ( ! ro( ( ! *ur*2 & ! scre5-wall 9 ! aisle1 s9ce x re/s p>tly on a fill+ ( e>?1 %[s t ! heavy f\ndation ( rubble masonry und]nea? _h ceas$ to s]ve any purpose aft] ! *ur* 0 built4 ,x 0 !re be=e t "t & !re=e mu/ h be5 laid 9 a ,roman p]iod :5 ! level )9 ! temple 0 ! same4 ,any discussion ( ! workman%ip ( ?is mass ( /ones & mort> has no be>+ on ! "q ( its date & t ( ! ?re%old above4 ,! po9t is1 ! masonry is e>li] ?an ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 & q emb>rasses ! advocates ( a high] level = ! ea/]n cella 9 ! p]iod be=e ! conv]sion ( ! temple into a ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,?is f\ndation !n is p]fectly intelligible 9 ! light ( ! !ory t 9 ,greek times !re 0 b "o level )9 ! temple4 ,:at ! purpose ( ?is rubble masonry 0 is unc]ta94 ,! sub/antial & solid "* ( ! masses leads "o to believe t !y 7 f\ndations = pi]s or pill>s :i* rea*$ to ! top ( ! adjac5t wall & toge!r ) x support$ heavy cross-beams :i* spann$ ! cella f nor? to s\?4 ,! idea may h come to ! ,romans f ! ,greek pila/] :i* z not$ above lay approximately midway betwe5 ! masses ( rubble masonry4 ,?is 01 !n1 app>5tly a device = r$uc+ ! span f ! nor? to ! s\? wall4 ,! fact t ?is masonry 0 laid be=e ! p]iod ( ! *ur* is ( f> great] importance ?an its purpose4 ,! new plan ( ! ,ere*!um is int]e/+ 9 ! light ( ! ,*&l] inscription4 ,if "o feels t ! magnific5t nor? por* det]m9es ! front ( ! build+1 !n ! fir/ room is a satisfactory ,greek3 pro/omiaion & lies 9 front ( ,greek3 7pro7 ! 99 ,greek3 /omiaion 9 :i* 0 ! important object ( cult1 ! ,greek3 phre> 7/omion74 ,! foll[+ proportion may be set d[n3 ,greek3 pronaos3 ,greek3 naos33 ,greek3 pro/omiaion3 99 ,greek3 /omiaion4 ,greek3 ,pro/omiaion & 99 ,greek3 /omiaion are conjectur$ to h be5 ! (ficial names 9 ! fif? c5tury = ! two *amb]s ( ! ,greek3 dipl\n oikma ( ,pausanias4 ,! ord] foll[$ by ! commission]s 9 _! report ^u unf9i%$ int]ior walls 0 z foll[s3 ,9 ! fir/ room ent]$ f ! ,greek3 ?yrma1 ! ,greek3 pro/omiaion1 #ab tetrapodies 7 ,greek3 akata*se/a4 ,! phrase ,greek3 en t pro/omiai favors ! !ory t m walls ?an "o are meant4 ,!n 9 ! inn] *amb] #c tetrapodies ( ! ,greek3 p>a/as1#g i4e41 t "p ( ! p>tition-wall ea/ ( ! door 9 ! we/ cella4 ,!n 9 ! ?ird room #f 787 tetrapodies ( ! wall ,greek3 pros togalmatos4 ,! ord] 9 :i* ! *amb]s 7 exam9$ = unf9i%$ walls 0 t ( ,pausanias 9 describ+ _! cont5ts4 ,aga9 ! new plan fits ! treasure li/ ( #cjf_/e ,b4,c4 7,i4,g41 ,,ii1#b #gcc74 ,! rem>kable feature ( ! inscription is t x m5tions ?ree ,greek3 p>a/ades1 fir/ an isolat$ "o1 & !n a pair ( !m1 "o on ei!r side ( a door4 ,! s+le ,greek3 p>a/as1 ! fir/ to be m5tion$ is aga9 t "p ( ! p>tition-wall ea/ ( ! door 9 ! we/ cella4 ,?is door 0 ne> ! we/ end ( ! wall1 s t ! space betwe5 x & ! we/ wall ( ! temple 0 negligible4 ,?us = "o ent]+ by t door !re 0 a ,greek3 p>a/as on ! left1 b none on ! "r4 ,:5 h[ev] he pass$ into ! ,greek3 naos ts ,a?nas ?r\gh a door :i* /ood a little s\? ( ! middle ( ! wall 7& opposite ! door 9 ! we/ wall ( ! temple7 he _h a ,greek3 p>a/as ^u 8 left & also ^u 8 "r4 ,! ,greek3 p>a/ades are int]ior walls on ei!r side ( a door :i* 9 ! ,ere*!um rea*$ up only five c\rses above ! or?o/ates4 ,! pa9t+s :i* ,pausanias f\nd 9 ! fir/ room favor ! op9ion t ! treasures :i* hung on ! p>a/as 7 on ! s\? side ( t wall--i4e41 9 ! second room ( ! ,greek3 dipl\n oikma4 ,:e!r or n !re is any ord] 9 ! enum]ation ( ! treasures is a "q4 ,if !re is1 !n x naturally beg9s ) treasures fir/ se5 aft] ent]+ f ! ,greek3 pro/asis h pros t\ ?yrmatos1 j z ! record ( ! commission]s 9 ! case ( int]ior walls beg9s ) walls 9 ! fir/ room1 j z ! description ( ,pausanias beg9s ) ! cont5ts ( ! fir/ room4 ,?is co9cid5ce is rem>kable1 & is true ( no o!r !ory ab\t ! temple4 ,x is a necess>y consequ5ce ( ?is int]pretation t "s treasures 7 9 ! we/ "p ( ! ,ere*!um4 ,p]haps !n some?+ may be said = ! s*olia/ on ,ari/ophanes1 ,plutus1 #aahc 7read+ ,greek3 oikos = ,greek3 toi*os & keep+ 9 m9d ! ,greek3 dipl\n oikma ( ,pausanias's description73 ,greek3 opis t\ ne ts kal\m5s ,poliados ,a?nas dipl\s oikos 7toi*os7 e*n ?yran1 hop\ n ?saurophylakion4 ,! words ,greek3 e*n ?yran sugge/ t ! s*olia/ wi%$ to di/+ui% betwe5 a ,greek3 dipl\s oikos ! two p>ts ( :i* 7 connect$ by a door & ano!r type ! two p>ts ( :i* 7 n s connect$ b sep>ately ent]$ f )\t4 ,pausanias seems to give an in/ance ( ! latt] 9 ,,ii1 #be1 #a4 ,:ite 7,h>v>d ,/udies1 ,vol4 ,,vi1 p4 #ci7 ref]s ! s*olium to ! re/or$ we/ "p ( ! ,hekatomp$on b does n discuss ! mean+ ( ,greek3 e*n ?yran1 :i* ,mi*aelis 0 unable to expla94 ,9 ,:ite's s-call$ opi/hodomus1 to :i* door ( ?ree possible ones does ! s*olia/ ref]8 ,! ?ree *amb]s ( 8 opi/hodomus d n satisfy ! requirem5ts ( a ,greek3 dipl\s oikos1 ! read+ :i* he accepts 7op4 cit41 p4 #d1 note #c74 ,m reasonable is ! int]pretation t ! s*olia/ _h 9 m9d ! we/ cella ( ! ,ere*!um 9 :i* "s treasures seem$ to h be5 plac$1 & t he us$ ! words ,greek3 nes kal\m5s ,poliados ,a?nas 9 ! /rict] s5se1 j z ,pausanias call$ ! ea/ cella ,greek3 naos ts ,poliados 7,i4 #bg4 #a71 & reg>d$ ! ,greek3 dipl\s oikos z ly+ beh9d x4 ,! ,greek3 nes ts ,a?nas 0 ori5t$ ea/1 & :at 0 imm$iately we/ 0 beh9d x4 ,b x is n to be suppos$ t ! we/ cella ( ! ,ere*!um 0 ev] call$ an opi/hodomus4 ,! s*olia/ seems h[ev] to h ! olde/ ,a!na temple 9 m9d4 ,!re is a po9t p]haps ( slight mom5t :i* des]ves a ^w4 ,"o ( ! pa9t+s1 t ( ,ere*!us driv+ a *>iot1 0 pa9t$1 accord+ to ! s*olia/ on ,ari/ides1 ,i1 #ajg1 #e1 beh9d ! goddess4 ,a possible int]pretation is t ! pa9t+ 0 9 ! cella ( ,a!na on ! wall beh9d ! xoanon1 b ! pa9t+s ( ! ,butadae 7 9 ! fir/ room :i* ,pausanias ent]$4 ,unless ! pa9t+ ( ,ere*!us 0 sep>ate f ^? ( ! ,butadae1 !n ! new arrangem5t ( ! int]ior p]mits a satisfactory solution ( ! difficulty4 ,= ! ea/ wall ( ! room 9 :i* 7 ! pa9t+s ( ! ,butadae 0 beh9d ! goddess4 ,accord+ to ! old plan1 ,pausanias f\nd ! pa9t+s 9 ! we/]n *amb] ( ! ,greek3 dipl\n oikma1 t is1 betwe5 !m & ! wall aga9/ :i* /ood ! xoanon1 0 a *amb]4 ,! passage may mean t 9 a pa9t+ ,ere*!us appe>$ beh9d ,a!na driv+ a *>iot 7,pet]s51 ,jb4 ,ar*4 ,in/41 #aijb1 p4 #fd2 ,burgtempel1 p4 #aaj74 ,9 ! sequ5ce ( words 9 ! s5t5ce1 ,greek3 en t akropolei opis ts !\1 ! second phrase seems to be a clos] def9ition ( ! place ?an is giv5 9 ! fir/4 ,fur!rmore1 position 0 det]m9$ by ref]5ce to ! xoanon4 ,an int]ior wall 0 locat$ ) ref]5ce to x1 ,greek3 to pros togalmatos4 ,! s*olia/ on ,ari/ophanes1 ,equites1 #aafi1 is int]e/+ 9 ?is connection because he %[s :at "p a /atue might play 9 ! designation ( a temple3 ,greek3 duo eis9 epi ts akropoles ,a?nas naoi1 ho ts ,poliados kai h *ryselephant94 ,9 ! light ( ! new arrangem5t )9 ! ,ere*!um1 ! ref]5ce ( ,vitruvius 7,,iv1 #h1 #d7 to ! temple becomes cle>]4 ,speak+ ( x & o!r temples he says3 cellae enim longitud9ibus duplices sunt ad latitud9es uti reliquae1 s$ is omnia quae sol5t esse 9 frontibus ad lat]a sunt translata 7,pet]s51 ,burgtempel1 p4 #add74 ,if ! cella ( ,a!na 0 completely sep>ate f t ( ,ere*!us & at a high] level1 he c\ld n h said reasonably ( ! cella ( ! temple t x 0 twice z long z wide l o!r temples4 ,= ! cellae ( ,a!na & ,ere*!us ought !n to h be5 consid]$ sep>ately4 ,9 ! new plan su* a /atem5t applies ) great] =ce because ! l[ p>titions might be readily disreg>d$4 ,! second /atem5t %[s t ,vitruvius reg>d$ ! ea/ faade ( a temple z ! front1 & normal place ( entrance1 b t ?is & ! m elaborate por* 7 transf]r$ 9 ! case ( ! ,ere*!um to :at w\ld be ! side ( o!r temples4 ,z ,pet]s51 7op4 cit41 p4 #adc7 says1 ! words columnis adjectis dextra ac s9i/ra ad um]os pronai are a cle> ref]5ce to ! nor? por*4 ,?is too seems to be ! ,greek3 pronaos :i* ,lucian ref]s to 9 ,piscator1 #ba3 ,greek3 entau?a p\ en t prona ts poliados dikasm54 ,h hi]eia dia!s hm9 ta ba?ra1 hmeis de en tos\t proskynsm5 t !4 ,?is int]pretation is p]fectly consi/5t ) ! fundam5tal cont5tion t ! ,greek3 pro/asis h pros t\ ?yrmatos det]m9es ! front ( ! build+4 ,! !ory set =? 9 ! above pages is 9 p]fect accord ) ! description 9 ,pausanias4 ,x is confirm$ by ! evid5ce ( ! inscriptions & ( ! build+ itself s f> z t evid5ce goes4 ,! s]i\s criticism ( ! accept$ plan ( ! ,ere*!um is t all !ories bas$ ^u x disagree ) ! writt5 evid5ces1 n ) "o writt5 record ( a lat] p]iod l ! simple acc\nt ( ,pausanias1 b ) ano!r record c5turies e>li]1 namely ! contempor>y (ficial inscription4 ,inve/igators attempt ! solution ( ! problem aft] accept+ ! re/or$ int]ior z c]ta94 ,! keynote ( ! pres5t !ory is t ! int]ior ( ! temple has be5 too f> de/roy$ to make any "o re/oration absolutely c]ta9 on ! basis ( ! evid5ce ( ! build+ alone1 & t all available evid5ce mu/ be us$ simultane\sly to det]m9e ! correct re/oration4 ,,iv ,,! ,,ere*!um ,,z ,,plann$ ,! "q z to ! orig9al plan ( ! ,ere*!um foll[s naturally ! int]pretation ( ! build+ z built4 ,t ! we/ wall 0 plann$ = its pres5t place seems improbable = a numb] ( reasons4 ,! nor? por* is out ( proportion to ! room into :i* x op5s1 & by rea*+ beyond ! we/ wall ( ! temple becomes 9 "p por* to an op5 prec9ct4 ,! we/ front has columns & ,c>yatids at diff]5t levels 7,drpfeld1 ,a?4 ,mitt41 #aijd1 p4 #aja74 ,! displeas+ effect ( ?is diff]5ce c\ld n h be5 conceal$ by ! walls ( ! ,p&roseum1 ! s\? "o ( :i* rea*$ z high z ! p>apet ( ! por* ( ! maid5s4 ,! latt] por* illu/rates ! skill ( ! ar*itect 9 conceal+ diff]5ces ( level4 ,! unique clos$ wall on :i* ! maid5s /& 0 8 device = conceal+ f view f )\t1 a door :i* 0 bel[ ! level ( ! por* & :i* belong$ to ! int]ior :]eas ! por* belong$ to ! ext]ior4 ,! ar*itect1 by plac+ ! entrance to ! por* at ! nor? ea/ corn] close to ! wall1 completely conceal$ ! pres5ce ( ! l[ door4 ,) ?is c>e to conceal a diff]5ce ( level1 ! we/ side ( ! temple is 9 m>k$ contra/4 ,! nor?-we/ corn] ( ! we/]n cella is peculi> 9 two ways4 ,! we/]n jamb ( ! door cuts #c-a_/b cm4 into ! we/ wall ( ! temple4 ,?is sugge/s cr[d+ & is satisfactorily expla9$ by ! condition ( ! f\ndations bel[4 ,! f\ndation ( ! we/ wall does n key into t ( ! nor? wall 7,fig4 #aa71 a fact seem+ to prove t :5 ! latt] f\ndation 0 laid1 x 0 n ! int5tion ( ! ar*itect to place a f\ndation 9 ! l9e ( ! pres5t we/ wall1 & to cr[d ! door jamb into t wall4 ,( ! symmetrical ext]ior propos$ by ,pr(4 ,drpfeld !re lies a sugge/ion 9 ! fact t ! nor? & s\? doors h ! same axis1 al?\gh ! ,c>yatid por* has n4 ,! por* seems to h be5 mov$ a little to ! ea/ ( its int5d$ place t x might n project beyond ! we/ wall1 b n f> en\gh to prev5t ! cornice ( ! por* f s project+4 ,! we/ wall itself (f]s evid5ce ( a curtailm5t ( ! orig9al plan4 ,by way ( introduction let u comp>e ! ea/ faade1 :i* is ,greek ) ! we/ faade1 ! "p ( :i* above ! clos$ wall is ,roman 7,arx ,a!n>um1 ,pl4 ,,xxv1 ,d1 & ,a4 ,j4 ,a41 #aijf1 ,pl4 ,,viii74 ,! w9d[s 9 ! ea/ wall :i* ,/ev5s has det]m9$ ) accuracy 7 plac$ at ! height ( f\r ord9>y c\rses above ! base m\ld+ & two c\rses f ! top ( ! wall1 j z 7 ! ,roman w9d[s 9 ! we/ wall4 ,! second c\rse above ! ea/]n w9d[s 0 a m\ld+1 ! correspond+ c\rse above ! we/]n w9d[s is pla9 probably because ( ! adjac5t capitals4 ,bel[ bo? sets ( w9d[s 7 ?ree c\rses ( blocks4 ,9 ! ea/ wall or?o/ates 7 ju/ifiable1 9 ! we/ wall !y w\ld h be5 illogical because on nei!r side 0 !re a floor1 b ?ree c\rses equal 9 height to f\r ord9>y c\rses 7 plac$ !re4 ,/ev5s has %[n t ! ea/]n w9d[s 7 sev5 c\rses high includ+ ! l9tel4 ,! we/]n w9d[s are five c\rses high4 ,! explanation ( ! diff]5ce ( height is simple4 ,! ea/]n wall 0 ?irte5 c\rses high1 ! we/]n elev54 ,! we/]n w9d[s 7 two c\rses %ort] 9 ord] t !y & _! c\nt]p>ts1 ! ea/]n w9d[s1 might be equidi/ant f ! base ( ! wall1 namely f\r ord9>y c\rses1 & f ! top ( ! wall1 namely two c\rses4 ,! fact t ! sills ( ! ,greek w9d[s 7 "o met] l[] ?an ! ,roman w9d[s is ( no consequ5ce :atsoev]4 ,! fact ( great importance is t ! ea/ & we/ w9d[s occupi$ ! same relative position 9 ! faade4 ,! /ylobate ( ! we/]n faade c\ld n be plac$ s l[ z ! ea/]n because ( ! door & ! necessity ( a heavy block ?ree c\rses high at ! s\? end ( ! wall4 ,?is block c\ld n be plac$ l[] because ( ! ,cecropium 7 temple ( ,p&rosus87 :i* cross$ ! l9e ( ! wall1 to judge f ! cutt+s 9 x b5ea? ! heavy block4 ,_h ! ar*itect wi%$ equality ( height = ! ea/]n & we/]n colonnades he w\ld h be5 compell$ to place ! /ylobate ( ! we/]n two c\rses l[]4 ,?is w\ld h made x impossible to place a door 9 t wall :i* 0 necess>y probably = a reason ( cult4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #aa ,,! ,,int]ior ,n4,w4 ,,corn] ,,( ,,! ,,ere*!um4 ,,mod]n ,,masonry ,,"u ,n4 ,,end ,,( ,w4 ,,wall ,9 ,roman times !re=e ! we/]n w9d[s 7 plac$ ) c>eful ref]5ce to ! ea/]n4 ,betwe5 ! columns 9 ea* case appe>$ w9d[s1 two 9 ! ea/]n wall ) door betwe51 ?ree 9 ! we/]n :]e a door 0 impossible4 ,bo? faades 7 surm\nt$ by epi/yle1 frieze & p$im5t4 ,! wall bel[ ! we/]n colonnade 0 a sub/itute = ! high] gr\nd level ( ! ea/ side4 ,! ,romans :o repair$ ! wall repair$ x ) ref]5ce to ! ea/ front4 ,= !m ! we/ faade 0 simply a comb9ation ( wall ) w9d[s1 & colonnade4 ,unless ! ,greeks _h a we/]n faade ( columns & wall ) w9d[s ess5tially l ! ,roman re/oration1 we are =c$ to make a /range assumption4 ,! ,greek ar*itect conceiv$ ! idea ( comb9+ wall ) colonnade 9 "o plane & !n in/ead ( c>ry+ 8 idea to its conclusion put 9 a wood5 grille 9 ! int]colum9ations above a l[ wall ( ?ree c\rses1 a grille :i* answ]s to no?+ 9 ! ea/ faade1 & !n left x to ! ,romans to exploit 8 idea by plac+ !re ?ree w9d[s4 ,! only ob/acle to ! p]fectly natural assumption t ! ,romans re/or$ ! ess5tial features ( ! we/ wall z x 0 9 ,greek times is ! te/imony ( a contempor>y inscription 7,i4 ,g41 ,i1 ,suppl41 #cba4 col4 ,,iii1 #ah7 t "o ,comon a c>p5t] 0 paid a sum ( #dj dr4 = f5c+ 7,greek3 diaph>*santi7 f\r int]columniations on ! wall t[>d ! ,p&roseum3 ,greek3 diaph>*santi ta metakionia tett>a onta ta pros to ,p&roseio4 ,! accept$ int]pretation ( ! passage is t a wood5 grille 0 ! f9al =m ( ! we/ wall & rema9$ s until ,roman times4 ,! objection to ?is int]pretation is t we mu/ !n believe t ! ,greek ar*itect plann$ a wood5 grille = a m>ble build+ 9 a wall expos$ to ! elem5ts :]e repair w\ld be necess>y f "t to "t & t only 9 ! ,roman p]iod did ! *ange to m endur+ m>ble take place4 ,x is probable t ! wood5 grille 0 only tempor>y & 0 soon replac$ by a wall ) w9d[s4 ,:atev] ! int]pretation ( ! inscription1 ! fact rema9s t ! pres5t =m ( ! we/ wall is a re/oration made ) delib]ate ref]5ce to ! ea/ faade4 ,x is a /udi$ re/oration :i* f> f be+ an arbitr>y creation ( ! #d? c5tury ,a4,d41 z ,p5rose 7op4 cit41 p4 #ic7 reg>d$ x1 is too orig9al = a ,roman p]iod4 ,! imitation is ,roman1 ! idea is ,greek4 ,! v same idea is express$ 9 ! ,sidon s>cophagus ( ! m\rn+ wom51 an ,attic "w ( ab\t #cej ,b4,c4 ,! illusion produc$ by ! s>cophagus is t ( female figures /&+ betwe5 ! columns ( ! p]i/yle ( a temple 7,hamdy ,bey-,re9a*1 ,une ,ncropole ,royale ,sidon1 p4 #bda74 ,! we/ faade 9 ,greek times z 9 ,roman 0 simply a compression toge!r 9 "o plane ( colonnade & wall--a comb9ation to :i* ! ar*itect 0 =c$ by ! curtailm5t ( 8 plan4 ,x is almo/ c]ta9 t ! orig9al plan ( ! ar*itect 0 = a build+ ) an ea/ & we/ portico equidi/ant f ! nor? por* z ,pr(4 ,drpfeld has ma9ta9$4 ,! ea/ & we/ faades 7 to be exactly alike1 b1 prev5t$ by religi\s cons]vatism f build+ ^u ! sites ( ! ,cecropium & ,p&roseum1 & ?us compell$ to ab&on ! we/]n half ( ! orig9al build+1 ! ar*itect s\ght /ill to save ! simil>ity ( ! ea/ & we/ faades4 ,s9ce he 0 unable to build 8 project$ we/ portico at ! l9e to :i* he 0 =c$ back1 he evolv$ z a sub/itute ! idea ( plac+ all ! ess5tial features ( 8 we/ portico 9 "o plane--column bases & base m\ld+ ( wall1 columns & wall ) w9d[s1 frieze & p$im5t4 ,! l[ wall 9 ! s\!rnmo/ int]columniation :i* = "s reason 0 n completely clos$ 0 ?ree c\rses high4 ,! nor!rn int]columniation 0 completely clos$ z 9 ,roman times & 9 ! c5tral ones1 ! w9d[s re/$ on ?ree c\rses equal 9 height to f\r normal ,greek c\rses4 ,x mu/ h be5 ! desire = close simil>ity betwe5 ! two faades :i* prev5t$ bo? ,greek & ,roman ar*itect f plac+ f\r normal c\rses b5ea? ! we/]n w9d[s4 ,! *ange f blocks ( /&>d height l$ to a complication because !re 7 elev5 ord9>y c\rses 9 ! we/]n wall in/ead ( twelve :i* w\ld h giv5 exactly n9e c\rses ( ! high] blocks4 ,! ea/]n w9d[s 7 simultane\sly visible betwe5 ! columns f po9ts 9 ! axis ( ! door 7,fig4 #g74 ,x is natural to assume t ^? ( ! orig9al we/ faade 7 to h be5 s4 ,! curtailm5t ( ! plan :i* compell$ ! ar*itect to place a compress$ we/ faade on a high socle1 elim9at$ ! door4 ,a natural sub/itution 0 a ?ird w9d[4 ,?is !ory z to ! composition ( ! we/ wall sugge/s an int]pretation ( ! unusual con/ruction at ! upp] s\?-we/ corn] ( ! temple 7,a4 ,j4 ,a41 #aijh1 p4 #aia1 fig4 #b1 & p4 #aid1 fig4 #f2 #aiaj1 p4 #big1 fig4 #c74 ,!re ! s\? wall 0 r$uc$ to "o half ( its regul> ?ickness1 & ?is ?9n] wall flank$ on ! ea/ by ! metopon :i* re/$ 9 "p ^u a squ>e horizontal slab4 ,! purpose ( ?is metopon has rema9$ obscure4 ,z hi!rto rem>k$1 x 0 ! ar*itect's int5tion to close ! s\!rn z well z ! nor!rn int]columniation ( ! we/ wall b he 0 prev5t$1 app>5tly = "s religi\s reason4 ,n[ x seems v probable t ! unusual con/ruction at ! corn] is ! result ( an attempt to build a sub/itute wall = t :i* c\ld n be plac$ 9 ! s\!rn int]columniation4 ,two consid]ations favor ?is explanation4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! horizontal slab incl9es t[>d ! op5+4 ,! c]ta9 purpose ( ?is incl9ation 0 to %$ ra9-wat]4 ,secondly1 traces on ! s\? wall %[ t ! metopon 0 coext5sive 9 height ) ! op5+ & project$ along ! ea/]n edge ( ! horizontal slab4 ,! epi/yle ( ! metopon1 :i* appe>s 9 ! re/oration 7,a4 ,j4 ,a41 #aijh1 fig4 #f1 p4 #aif7 is purely a conjecture & may be elim9at$4 ,b h[ f> did ?is metopon project into ! build+8 ,0 x coext5sive 9 wid? z well z 9 height ) ! op5+8 ,! di/ance :i* ! metopon project$ into ! build+ is n c]ta9ly kn[n4 ,9 ! re/oration x is giv5 z "o foot b ?is is a calculation bas$ on a comb9ation ( probabilities4 ,! obvi\s provision to keep out ra9-wat]1 if x 0 to be successful1 dem&s ! ext5sion ( ! metopon to ! inn] corn] ( ! horizontal slab4 ,b ?is slab unsupport$ c\ld n h c>ri$ a m>ble metopon4 ,?is is a difficulty :i* seems to compel ! assumption t ! metopon 0 9 "p ( light] mat]ial4 ,ap>t f s]v+ ! purpose ( keep+ out ra91 ! conjectur$ metopon w\ld also be a c\nt]p>t to ! nor!rn int]columniation :5 ! faade 0 view$ f ! we/4 ,! increase 9 weight due to ! metopon & ! horizontal slab necessitat$ a c\nt]balanc+ r$uction 9 ! weight ( ! s\? wall because ( its insecure f\ndations4 ,! idea1 9 %ort1 is simply ?is4 ,j z :5 ! ar*itect 0 n all[$ to place ! we/ faade :]e he wi%$ & retreat$ to a l9e at :i* he 0 all[$ to build x 9 a necess>ily modifi$ =m1 s :5 he c\ld n build a wall 9 ! s\!rn int]columniation ( t faade1 he )drew /ill f>!r back & built a sub/itute at ! l9e all[$4 ,! extra weight ?us produc$ 0 p>tly responsible = ! ?9n+ ( ! insecurely f\nd$ s\? wall4 ,x is ,pr(4 ,drpfeld's !ory t ! ,cecropium compell$ ! ar*itect to place ! pres5t we/ wall #a m4 ea/ ( ! l9e at :i* x 0 int5d$ 9 ! orig9al plan to /& 7,a?4 ,mitt41 #aijd1 p4 #aje74 ,he !re=e reg>ds t wall z an int]ior "o ( ! orig9al symmetrical temple4 ,! !ory "h advanc$ is t ! we/ wall is ! orig9al we/ faade compress$ into "o plane & plac$ at ! l9e up to :i* ! ar*itect 0 p]mitt$ to build4 ,! we/ wall ( ! ,pre-,p]sian ,ere*!um seems to h /ood at ab\t ! same l9e to judge f ! repres5tation ( x & ! olive close by 9 ! ar*aic p$im5tal sculpture to :i* ref]5ce has already be5 made 7,pet]s51 ,burgtempel1 p4 #bb1 abb4 #b74 ,j z ! ar*itect ( ! ,propylaea plann$ to cut ?r\gh ! ,pelasgic wall & to build ^u ! prec9ct ( ,brauronian ,artemis1 b :5 he came to lay f\ndations 0 /opp$ at ! wall1 s ! contempor>y ar*itect ( ! ,ere*!um plann$ a symmetrical temple ! we/ "p ( :i* 0 to occupy ! site ( ! prec9ct ( ,p&rosus & ,cecrops1 b :5 he came to actual con/ruction 0 /opp$ by ! same religi\s cons]vatism4 ,! =m ( ! pres5t we/ wall is z mu* l ! orig9ally plann$ we/ faade z ! ar*itect c\ld make x4 ,ea/ & we/ faades 7 to be equidi/ant f ! nor? por* & f ! ,c>yatid ,por* :i* w\ld h s]v$ to break ! monotony ( ! long re> wall4 ,hav+ discov]$ 9 ! we/ wall ! compress$ faade ( an orig9ally symmetrically plann$ ,ere*!um1 x is desirable to inquire :e!r ! curtailm5t ( t plan caus$ a cr[d+ ( cults )9 ! temple z f9ally built4 ,x has already be5 rem>k$ t ! feel+ :i* ! nor? por* creates is t x %\ld be1 & 0 int5d$ to be ! por* to an int]ior ( l>g] dim5sions ?an ^? ( ! pres5t plan4 ,n[ ! ?alassa & ! m>k ( ! trid5t 7 fix$1 b ! pa9t+s ( ! ,butadae & ! ?ree alt>s 7 movable4 ,x is altoge!r probable t ! conge/ion 9 ! we/ half ( ! pres5t ,ere*!um 0 due to ! cr[d+ 9 ( a *amb] ) ! ?ree alt>s ( ,poseidon-,ere*!us1 ,hephae/us & ,butes1 & ! pa9t+s ( ! ,butadae--a *amb] :i* 9 ! orig9al plan 0 to be plac$ at ! we/ end ( ! symmetrical temple 7,fig4 #ab74 ,)9 ! orig9al ,ere*!um at ! ea/ end m>k$ (f by a p>tition-wall 0 to be ! %r9e ( ,a!na ,polias4 ,! we/]n *amb] ( ,poseidon-,ere*!us1 ! exact c\nt]p>t ( ! ea/]n1 0 to receive ! alt>s & pa9t+s4 ,! int]v5+ c5tral *amb] ( proportions 9 h>mony ) ^? ( ! nor? por* 0 to conta9 ! ?alassa & ! sacr$ olive1 :i* w\ld require t ! temple be 9 "p hypae?ral4 ,furtwngl] 7,sitzb4 ,mn4 ,akad41 #aijd1 p4 #cga7 rightly inde$ objects to ,drpfeld's !ory t ! we/]n cella 9 ! orig9al temple 0 to be an opi/hodomus1 on ! gr\nd t if ! ea/]n cella conta9$ a div9ity1 ! we/]n ought also4 ,fur!rmore1 = ^? :o believe t ! magnific5t nor? por* det]m9es ! front ( ! ,ere*!um1 ! we/]n cella w\ld h be5 situat$ on ! side1 n at ! re> ( ! temple4 ,! int]ior wall-pila/]s on ei!r side ( ! doors 7 int5d$ 9 ! orig9al to c>ry heavy cross-beams4 ,9 ! temple z built1 ! ea/]n pair 7 c>ri$ up only five c\rses above ! or?o/ates1 i4e4 z high z ! p>tition-walls4 ,_! completion 0 r5d]$ unnecess>y :5 ! build]s decid$ to put 9 ! ,greek3 kampyl selis4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ab ,,! ,,orig9al ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,ere*!um4 ,:5 ?is orig9al plan _h to be ab&on$1 n only 0 ! l>ge c5tral *amb] r$uc$ 9 bread?1 b 0 divid$ into a front & re> cella4 ,9 ! fir/ ( ^!1 :i* "o ent]$ imm$iately f ! nor? por* 7,greek3 esel?\si7 7 plac$ ! ?ree alt>s & on ! walls1 ! pa9t+s ( ! ,butadae4 ,9 ! inn] cella 7,greek3 endon7 7 ! trid5t-m>k & ! ?alassa4 ,x is p]fectly cle> :y ,pausanias f\nd no door lead+ f ! fir/ *amb] ( ! ,greek3 dipl\n oikma into ! ,greek3 naos ts ,a?nas4 ,9 ! orig9al plan1 ! cella ( ,a!na & ! l>ge c5tral *amb] ( ! tok5s 7 connect$ by a door 9 ! middle ( _! p>tition-wall1 :ile ! cellae ( ,a!na & ,poseidon-,ere*!us 7 n to be 9 imm$iate connection4 ,^! relations 7 pres]v$ 9 ! curtail$ plan4 ,! mean+ ( ! door 9 ! we/ wall is also simple4 ,9 ! orig9al plan ! sacr$ olive tree & ! ?alassa 7 to /& 9 ! l>ge c5tral *amb]1 b 9 ! curtail$ plan ! sacr$ olive 0 left outside ! temple & 9 ! ,p&roseum4 ,a clos$ wall betwe5 ! two tok5s w\ld h sep>at$ !m completely4 ,!y belong$ toge!r1 & a door 0 a poor sub/itute = a common *amb] b x 0 ! only means ( connection possible4 ,! nor? por* 9 ! orig9al plan 0 to admit to bo? ?alassa & sacr$ olive1 b 9 ! curtail$ temple :i* left ! olive outside1 x c\ld admit directly to ! latt] only by ! addition ( ! little door 9 ! s\?we/ corn]4 ,! extreme simplicity ( ?is door :i* is )\t su* simple ornam5tation z t ( ! s\? door sugge/s t 9 ! orig9al plan x 0 n int5d$ to /& beside ! elaborate nor? door4 ,! little door z well z ! "o 9 ! we/ wall 7 n features ( ! orig9al ,ere*!um1 & _! pres5ce 0 !re=e n made m noticeable by ! addition ( m\ld+s ( any k9d4 ,?is int]pretation1 if correct1 w>rants ! /atem5t ( ! g5]al pr9ciple t ! ,greek ar*itect s\ght1 9 case ( curtailm5t ( 8 plan1 to pres]ve z f> z possible ! ess5tial features1 & ! relations ( ! p>ts to "o ano!r1 ( ! orig9al4 ,! build] ( ! ,ere*!um sav$ 8 we/ faade 9 modifi$ =m & f\nd a place = ! we/ cella 9 ! r$uc$ c5tral *amb]4 ,! ,ere*!um z orig9ally plann$ 0 an altoge!r symmetrical /ructure4 ,! spl5did nor? portal 0 to lead imm$iately into ! cella ( ! tok5s1 on ei!r side ( :i* 7 ! %r9es ( ! div9ities t _h cont5d$ = ! l& ( ,attica4 ,! balance ( /ructure w\ld h reflect$ a balance ( cults4 ,! orig9al ,ere*!um1 9 %ort1 0 an ar*itectural s5t5ce f9ely illu/rat+ ! ,greek3 m5 & ,greek3 de ( ,greek feel+4 ,) ! ,p>!non & ! ,propylaea1 x 0 to =m a gr\p ( symmetrical monum5ts to cr[n ! ,a!nian acropolis 9 a mann] wor?y ( ! ,p]iclean ,age4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,a draw+ ( ! faade z se5 f ?is po9t is mu* ne$$4 #b ,see ,drpfeld1 ,a?4 ,mitt41 #aiaa1 p4 #ei1 = late/ discussion ( ! /ruggle4 #c ,! few kn[n facts ab\t ! ,arrephoroi are conv5i5tly ga!r$ toge!r by ,fraz]1 op4 cit41 ,,ii1 p4 #cdd4 #d ,i am indebt$ to ,dr4 ,l4 ,d4 ,caskey ( ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts at ,bo/on = ! photograph4 ,he has also v k9dly giv5 me ! b5efit ( 8 intimate k ( ! ,ere*!um 9 v>i\s sugge/ive criticisms4 ,i take ?is occasion to express my s5se ( obligation4 #e ,pausanias seems to h be5 mi/ak5 9 speak+ ( two4 ,s ,fraz]1 op4 cit41 ,,ii1 p4 #egd1 note #f4 #f ,cf4 ! disc ) octopus ornam5t on ! dress ( "o ( ! maid5s ) t publi%$ by ,s*liemann1 ,myk5ae1 p4 #aid1 no4 #bdj4 #g ,! orig9 & ! mean+ ( ! t]m ,greek3 p>a/as is cle>4 ,a ,greek3 p>a/as is t :i* /&s ,greek3 p>a a door or op5+1 i4e4 a jamb4 ,a passage 9 ! inscription :i* gives specifications = ,philon's ,ars5al 7,i4 ,g4 ,,ii1#b #ajed7 is important 9 ?is connection4 ,aft] prescrib+ ! dim5sions ( ! door ( ! ars5al1 ! mat]ial ( ! l9tel1 ! inscription adds ,greek3 p>a/adas /sas li?\ p5telik\ k4 t4 l4 ,! ,greek3 p>a/ades are cle>ly ! door jambs :i* /& ,greek3 p>a ! door4 ,by an easy & simple ext5sion ! ^w came to designate n only ! jamb b ! wall ( :i* ! jamb 0 a "p4