,the ,key to ,success ,observation3--,the ,key to ,success ,who the ,real ,leaders ,are ,mastering ,natural ,forces ,whom ,mankind ,shall ,love ,need of ,orators ,woman's ,influence ,by ,,russell ,h4 ,,conwell ,,volume #c ,,national ,,extension ,,university #eig ,fifth ,avenue1 ,new ,york ,,observation--,,every ,,man ,,his ,,own ,,university ,copyright1 #aiag1 by ,harper ,brothers ,printed in the ,united ,states of ,america ,,foreword ,people are thinking1 but they can think much more4 ,the housewife is thinking about the chemical changes caused by heat in meats1 vegetables1 and liquids4 ,the sailor thinks about the gold in sea-water1 the soldier thinks of smokeless powder and muffled guns2 the puddler meditates on iron squeezers and electric furnaces2 the farmer admires ,luther ,burbank's magical combinations in plant life2 the school-girl examines the composition of her pencil and analyses the writing-paper2 the teacher studies psychology at first hand2 the preacher understands more of the life that now is2 the merchant and manufacturer give more attention to the demand4 ,yes1 we are all thinking4 ,but we are still thinking too far away2 even the prism through which we see the stars is near the eyes4 ,the dentist is thinking too much about other people's teeth4 ,this book is sent out to induce people to look at their own eyes1 to pick up the gold in their laps1 to study anatomy under the tutorship of their own hearts4 ,one could accumulate great wisdom and secure fortunes by studying his own finger-nails4 ,this lesson seems the very easiest to learn1 and for that reason is the most difficult4 ,the lecture1 ,the ,silver ,crown1 which the author has been giving in various forms for fifty years1 is herein printed from a stenographic report of one address on this general subject4 ,it will not be found all together1 as a lecture1 for this book is an attempt to give further suggestion on the many different ways in which the subject has been treated1 just as the lecture has varied in its illustrations from time to time4 ,the lecture was addressed to the ear4 ,this truth1 which amplifies the lecture1 is addressed to the eye4 ,i have been greatly assisted1 and sometimes superseded1 in the preparation of these pages by ,prof4 ,james ,f4 ,willis1 of ,philadelphia4 ,bless him6 ,my hope is by this means to reach a larger audience even than that which has heard some of the things herein so many times in the last forty-five years4 ,we do not hope to give or sell anything to the reader4 ,he has enough already4 ,but many starve with bread in their mouths4 ,they spit it out and weep for food4 ,humans are a strange collection4 ,but they can be induced to think much more accurately and far more efficiently4 ,this book is sent out as an aid to closer observation and more efficient living4 ,,russell ,h4 ,,conwell4 ,september #aiag4 ,,russell ,h4 ,,conwell#a ,an autobiography6 ,what an absurd request6 ,if all the conditions were favorable1 the story of my public life could not be made interesting4 ,it does not seem possible that any will care to read so plain and uneventful a tale4 ,i was a young man1 not yet of age1 when ,i delivered my first platform lecture4 ,the ,civil ,war of #ahfa-fe drew on with all its passions1 patriotism1 horrors1 and fears1 and ,i was studying law at ,yale ,university4 ,i had from childhood felt that ,i was called to the ministry4 ,the earliest event of memory is the prayer of my father at family prayers in the little old cottage in the ,hampshire highlands of the ,berkshire ,hills1 calling on ,god with a sobbing voice to lead me into some special service for the ,saviour4 ,it filled me with awe1 dread1 and fear1 and ,i recoiled from the thought1 until ,i determined to fight against it with all my power4 ,so ,i sought for other professions and for decent excuses for being anything but a preacher4 ,yet while ,i was nervous and timid before the class in declamation and dreaded to face any kind of an audience1 ,i felt in my soul a strange impulsion toward public speaking which for years made me miserable4 ,the war and the public meetings for recruiting soldiers furnished an outlet for my suppressed sense of duty1 and my first lecture was on the ,lessons of ,history4 ,that matchless temperance orator and loving friend1 ,john ,b4 ,gough1 introduced me to the little audience in ,westfield1 ,massachusetts1 in #ahfb4 ,what a foolish little school-boy speech it must have been6 ,but ,mr4 ,gough's kind words of praise1 the bouquets1 and the applause1 made me feel that somehow the way to public oratory would not be so hard as ,i had feared4 ,from that time ,i acted on ,mr4 ,gough's advice and sought practice by accepting almost every invitation ,i received to speak on any kind of a subject4 ,while ,i was gaining practice in the first years of platform work1 ,i had the good fortune to have profitable employment as a soldier1 or as a correspondent or lawyer1 or as an editor1 or as a preacher1 which enabled me to pay my own expenses1 and it has been seldom in the fifty years that ,i have ever taken a fee for my personal use4 ,in the last thirty-six years ,i have dedicated solemnly all the lecture income to benevolent enterprises4 ,if ,i am antiquated enough for an autobiography1 perhaps ,i may be aged enough to avoid the criticism of being an egotist when ,i state that some years ,i delivered one lecture1 ,acres of ,diamonds1 over two hundred times each year1 at an average income of about one hundred and fifty dollars for each lecture4 ,often have ,i been asked if ,i did not1 in fifty years of travel in all sorts of conveyances1 meet with accidents4 ,it is a marvel to me that no such event ever brought me harm4 ,in a continuous period of over twenty-seven years ,i delivered about two lectures in every three days1 yet ,i did not miss a single engagement4 ,sometimes ,i had to hire a special train1 but ,i reached the town on time1 with only a rare exception1 and then ,i was but a few minutes late4 ,accidents have preceded and followed me on trains and boats1 and were sometimes in sight1 but ,i was preserved without injury through all the years4 ,in the ,johnstown flood region ,i saw a bridge go out behind our train4 ,i was once on a derelict steamer on the ,atlantic for twenty-six days4 ,at another time a man was killed in the berth of a sleeper ,i had left half an hour before4 ,often have ,i felt the train leave the track1 but no one was killed4 ,yet this period of lecturing has been1 after all1 a side issue4 ,the ,temple1 and its church1 in ,philadelphia1 which1 when its membership was less than three thousand members1 for so many years contributed through its membership over sixty thousand dollars a year for the uplift of humanity1 have made life a continual surprise2 while the ,samaritan ,hospital's amazing growth1 and the ,garretson ,hospital's dispensaries1 have been so continually ministering to the sick and poor1 and have done such skilful work for the tens of thousands who ask for their help each year1 that ,i have been happy while away lecturing by the feeling that each hour and minute they were faithfully doing good4 ,temple ,university1 which was founded only twenty-seven years ago1 has already sent out into a higher income and nobler life nearly a hundred thousand young men and women who could not probably have obtained an education in any other institution4 ,the faithful1 self-sacrificing faculty1 now numbering two hundred and fifty-three professors1 have done the real work4 ,for that ,i can claim but little credit2 and ,i mention the university here only to show that my fifty years on the lecture platform has necessarily been a side line of work4 ,my best-known lecture1 ,acres of ,diamonds1 was a mere accidental address1 at first given before a reunion of my old comrades of the ,forty-sixth ,massachusetts ,regiment1 which served in the ,civil ,war1 and in which ,i was captain4 ,i had no thought of giving the address again1 and even after it began to be called for by lecture committees ,i did not dream that ,i should live to deliver it1 as ,i now have done1 almost five thousand times4 ,what is the secret of its popularity8 ,i could never explain to myself or others4 ,i simply know that ,i always attempt to enthuse myself on each occasion with the idea that it is a special opportunity to do good1 and ,i interest myself in each community and apply the general principles with local illustrations4 ,,russell ,h4 ,,conwell4 ,,south ,,worthington1 ,,massachusetts1 ,september #a1 #aiac4 99 99 99 99 99 ,footnote #a3 ,these pages are taken from an autobiographical chapter in ,doctor ,conwell's previous book1 ,acres of ,diamonds1 published by ,harper ,brothers4 ,,observation3--,,every ,,man ,,his ,,own ,,university ,i ,,observation--,,the ,,key ,,to ,,success ,years ago we went up the ,ganges ,river in ,india4 ,i was then a traveling correspondent1 and we visited ,argra1 the sacred city of northern ,india1 going thence to the ,taj ,mahal4 ,then we hired an ox team to take us across country twenty-two miles to visit the summer home of ,ackba1 the great ,mogul of ,india4 ,that is a wonderful1 but dead city4 ,i have never been sorry that ,i traversed that country4 ,what ,i saw and heard furnished me with a story which ,i have never seen in print4 ,harper's ,magazine recently published an illustrated article upon the city1 so that if you secure the files you may find the account of that wonderful dead city at ,futtepore ,sicree4 ,as we were being shown around those buildings the old guide1 full of ,eastern lore1 told us a tradition connected with the ancient history of that place which has served me often as an illustration of the practical ideas ,i desire to advance4 ,i wrote it down in the hen tracks of short-hand which are now difficult to decipher4 ,but ,i remember well the story4 ,he said that there was a beautiful palace on that spot before the great ,mogul purchased it4 ,that previous palace was the scene of the traditional story4 ,in the palace there was a throne-room1 and at the head of that room there was a raised platform1 and upon the platform was placed the throne of burnished gold4 ,beside the throne was a pedestal upon which rested the wonderful ,crown of ,silver1 which the emperor wore when his word was to be actual law4 ,at other times he was no more than an ordinary citizen4 ,but when he assumed that crown1 which was made of silver because silver was then worth much more than gold1 his command was as absolute as the law of the ,medes and ,persians4 ,the guide said that when the old king who had ruled that country for many years died he was without heirs1 leaving no person to claim that throne or to wear that ,crown of ,silver4 ,the people1 believing in the divine right of kings1 were unwilling to accept any person to rule who was not born in the royal line4 ,they wasted twelve years in searching for some successor1 some relative of the late king4 ,at last the people sank into anarchy1 business ceased1 famine overspread the land1 and the afflicted people called upon the astrologers--their priests--to find a king4 ,the astrologers1 who then worshiped the stars1 met in that throne-room and1 consulting their curious charts1 asked of the stars3 ,where shall we find a successor to our king8 ,the stars made to them this reply3 ,look up and down your country1 and when you find a man whom the animals follow1 the sun serves1 the waters obey1 and mankind love1 you need not ask who his ancestors were4 ,this man will be one of the royal line entitled to the throne of gold and the ,crown of ,silver4 ,the astrologers dispersed and began to ask of the people3 ,have you seen a man whom the animals follow1 the sun serves1 the waters obey1 and mankind love8 ,they were only met with ridicule4 ,at last1 in his travels1 one gray old astrologer found his way into the depths of the ,himalaya ,mountains4 ,he was overtaken by a ,december storm and sought shelter in a huntsman's cottage on the side of a mountain4 ,that night1 as he lay awake1 weeping for his suffering and dying people1 he suddenly heard the howl of a wild beast down the valley4 ,he listened as it drew nearer4 ,he detected the purr of the hyena1 the hiss of the tiger1 and the howl of the wolf4 ,in a moment or two those wild animals sniffed at the log walls within which the astrologer lay4 ,in his fright he arose to close the window lest they should leap in where the moonlight entered4 ,while he stood by the window he saw the dark outline of his host1 the huntsman1 descending the ladder from the loft to the floor4 ,the astrologer saw the huntsman approach the door as though he were about to open it and go out4 ,the astrologer leaped forward1 and said3 ,don't open that door6 ,there are tigers1 panthers1 hyenas1 and wolves out there4 ,the huntsman replied3 ,lie down1 my friend1 in peace4 ,these are acquaintances of mine4 ,he flung open the door and in walked tiger1 panther1 hyena1 and wolf4 ,going to the corner of his hut1 the huntsman took down from a cord1 stretched across the corner1 the dried weeds which he had gathered the fall before because he had noticed that those weeds were antidotes for poisoned wild animals4 ,those poisoned animals had sniffed the antidote from afar and gathered at his door4 ,when he opened that door they followed him to the corner of the hut1 in peace with one another because of their common distress4 ,he fed each one the antidote for which it came1 and each one licked his hand with thanks and turned harmlessly out the door4 ,then the huntsman closed the door after the last one1 and went to his rest as though nothing remarkable had happened4 ,this is the fabulous tradition as it was told me4 ,when the old astrologer lay down on his rug after the animals were gone1 he said to himself1 ,the animals follow him1 and then he caught upon the message of the stars and said1 ,it may be this huntsman is the king1 but on second thought he said1 ,oh no2 he is not a king4 ,how would he look on a throne of gold and wearing a ,crown of ,silver--that ignorant1 horny-handed man of the mountains8 ,he is not the king4 ,the next morning it was cold and they desired a fire1 and the huntsman went outside and gathered some leaves and sticks4 ,he put them in the center of the hut upon the ground floor4 ,he then drew aside a curtain which hid a crystal set in the roof1 which he had placed there because he had noticed that the crystal brought the sunlight to a focused point upon the floor4 ,then the astrologer saw1 as that spot of light approached the leaves and sticks with the rising of the sun1 the sticks began to crackle4 ,then the leaves began to curl1 little spirals of smoke arose1 and a flame flashed forth4 ,as the astrologer looked on that rising flame1 he said to himself3 ,the sun has lit his fire6 ,the sun serves him2 and the animals followed him last night2 after all1 it may be that he is the king4 ,but on second thought he said to himself again3 ,oh1 he is not the king2 for how would ,i look with all my inherited nobility1 with all my wealth1 cultivation1 and education1 as an ordinary citizen of a kingdom of which this ignorant fellow was a king8 ,it is far more likely to be me4 ,a little later the astrologer desired water to drink1 and he applied to the huntsman1 and the huntsman said1 ,there is a spring down in the valley where ,i drink4 ,so down to the spring went the astrologer4 ,but the wind swept down and roiled the shallow water so that he could not drink1 and he went back and complained of that muddy water4 ,the huntsman said3 ,is that spring rebellious8 ,i will teach it a lesson4 ,going to another corner of his hut1 he took down a vial of oil which he himself had collected1 and1 going down to the spring with the vial of oil1 he dropped the oil upon the waters4 ,of course1 the surface of the spring became placid beauty4 ,as the astrologer dipped his glittering bowl into the flashing stream and partook of its cooling draught1 he felt within him the testimony1 ,this is the king1 for the waters obey him6 ,but again he hesitated and said1 ,i hope he is not the king4 ,the next day they went up into the mountains1 and there was a dam holding back1 up a valley1 a great reservoir of water4 ,the astrologer said1 ,why is there a dam here with no mill8 ,and the huntsman said3 ,a few years ago ,i was down on the plains1 and the people were dying for want of water4 ,my heart's sympathies went out for the suffering and dying humanity1 and when ,i came back here ,i noticed4444 ,i may as well stop here in this story and emphasize this phrase4 ,he said1 ,when ,i came back here ,i noticed4 ,this is the infallible secret of success4 ,i wish you to be happy2 ,i wish you to be mighty forces of ,god and man2 ,i wish you to have fine homes and fine libraries and money invested1 and here is the only open road to them4 ,by this road only have men who have won great success traveled4 ,the huntsman said3 ,when ,i came back here ,i noticed a boulder hanging on the side of the mountain4 ,i noticed it could be easily dislodged1 and ,i noticed that it would form an excellent anchorage in the narrow valley for a dam4 ,i noticed that a small dam here would hold back a large body of water in the mountain4 ,i let the boulder fall1 filled in for the dam1 and gathered the water4 ,now every hot summer's day ,i come out and dig away a little more of the dam1 and thus keep the water running in the river through the hot season4 ,then1 when the fall comes on1 ,i fill up the dam again and gather the waters for the next year's supply4 ,when the astrologer heard that he turned to the huntsman and said3 ,do mankind down on the plains know that you are their benefactor8 ,oh yes1 said he2 they found it out4 ,i was down there a little while ago1 selling the skins ,i had taken in the winter1 and they came around me1 kissed me1 embraced me1 and fairly mobbed me with their demonstrations of gratitude4 ,i will never go down on the plains again4 ,when the astrologer heard that mankind loved him1 all four conditions were filled4 ,he fell upon his knees1 took the horny hand of the huntsman1 looked up into his scarred face1 and said3 ,thou art a king born in the royal line4 ,the stars did tell us that when we found a man whom the animals followed1 the sun served1 the waters obeyed1 and mankind loved1 he would be the heir entitled to the throne1 and thou art the man6 ,but the huntsman said3 ,i a king6 ,oh1 ,i am not a king6 ,my grandfather was a farmer6 ,the astrologer said3 ,don't talk about your grandfather4 ,that has nothing to do with it4 ,the stars told us thou art the man4 ,the huntsman replied3 ,how could ,i rule a nation1 knowing nothing about law8 ,i never studied law6 ,then the astrologer cut short the whole discussion with a theological dictum quoted from the ancient sacred books1 which ,i will give in a very literal translation3 ,let not him whom the stars ordain to rule dare disobey their divine decree4 ,now ,i will put that into a phrase a little more modern3 ,never refuse a nomination6 ,when the huntsman heard that very wise decision he consented to be led down to the ,juna ,valley and to the beautiful palace4 ,there they clothed him in purple4 ,then1 amid the acclaim of happy and hopeful people1 they placed upon his brow that badge of kingly authority--the ,silver ,crown4 ,for forty years after that1 so the old guide said to us1 he ruled the nation and brought it to a peace and prosperity such as it had never known before and has never enjoyed since4 ,that wonderful tradition1 so full of illustrative force1 has remained with me all the subsequent years4 ,when ,i look for a man to do any great work1 ,i seek one having these four characteristics4 ,if he has not all four he must have some of them1 or else he is good for little in modern civilization4 ,,ii ,,who ,,the ,,real ,,leaders ,,are ,among all of you who read this book ,i am looking for the kings and queens4 ,i am looking for the successful men and women of the future4 ,no matter how old you may be1 you yet have life before you4 ,i am looking for the leading men and women1 and ,i will find them with these four tests4 ,i cannot fail2 it is infallible4 ,some men1 intensely ,american1 will say3 ,oh1 we don't have any kings or queens in this country4 ,did you ever observe that ,america is ruled by the least number of people of any nation known on earth8 ,and that same small number will rule it when we add all the women1 as we soon shall1 to the voting population4 ,america is ruled by a very few kings and queens4 ,the reason why we are ruled by so few is because our people are generally intelligent4 ,oh1 you will ask1 do you mean the political boss rule8 ,yes4 ,that is not a good word to use1 because it is misleading4 ,america is ruled by bosses1 anyhow1 and it will be so long as we are a free people4 ,we do not approve of certain phases of boss rule1 and so don't misunderstand me when ,i state that a very few persons govern the ,american people4 ,in my home city1 ,philadelphia1 for instance1 nearly two millions of people are ruled by four or five men4 ,it will always be so4 ,everything depends on whether those four or five men are fitted for the place of leaders or not4 ,if they are wise men and good men1 then that is the best kind of government4 ,there is no doubt about it4 ,if all the eighty or ninety millions of people in the ,united ,states were compelled to vote on every little thing that was done by the ,government1 you would be a long time getting around to any reform4 ,an intelligent farmer would build a house4 ,will he1 as a farmer1 go to work and cut out that lumber himself1 plane it himself1 shape it himself8 ,will he be the architect of the house1 drive all the nails1 put on the shingles1 and build the chimney himself8 ,if he is an intelligent man he will hire a carpenter1 an architect1 and a mason who understand their business1 and tell them to oversee that work for him4 ,in an intelligent country we can hire men who understand statesmanship1 law1 social economics1 who love justice4 ,we hire them as skilled people to do what we are not able to do4 ,why should all the people be all the time meddling with something they don't understand8 ,they employ people who do understand it1 and consequently1 in a free nation a few specially fitted people will ever be allowed to guide4 ,they will be the people who know better than we know what to do under difficult or important circumstances4 ,you are ruled by a few people1 and ,i am looking for these few people among my readers4 ,there are some women in this country who now have more influence than any known statesman1 and their names are hardly mentioned in the newspapers4 ,i remember once1 in the days of ,queen ,victoria1 asking a college class1 ,who rules ,england8 ,of course1 they said1 ,queen ,victoria4 ,did ,queen ,victoria rule ,england8 ,during her nominal reign ,england was the freest land on the face of the earth1 and ,america not half as free if you go to the extremes of comparison4 ,she was only a figurehead1 and she would not even express an opinion on the ,boer ,war4 ,it was all left to the statesmen1 who had really been selected by the ,parliament to rule4 ,they were the real rulers4 ,i am looking for the real kings1 not the nominal ones1 and ,i shall find the successful men and women of the future by the four tests mentioned in the old tradition of the ,silver ,crown4 ,the first one is3 ,animals will follow them4 ,if a dog or cat tags your heels to-morrow remember what ,i am writing about it here4 ,it is evidence of kingship or queenship4 ,if you don't have a cat or dog or an ox or a horse to love you1 then ,i pity you4 ,i pity the animal the most1 but you are also a subject of sympathy4 ,is there no lower animal that loves to hear your footstep1 whines after your heels1 or wags the tail or shakes the head at your door8 ,is there no cat that loves to see you come in when the house has been vacant8 ,is there no faithful dog that rises and barks with joy when he hears your key in the door8 ,if you have none it is time you had one1 because one of the important pathways to great success is along the line of what animal life can give to us of instruction and encouragement4 ,the time has come when a dog ought to be worth at least a thousand dollars4 ,the time has come when a horse that now trots a mile in #b3je or #b3jf ought to trot a mile in fifty-five seconds4 ,that is scientifically possible4 ,now1 where are your deacons and your elders and your class leaders that you haven't a horse in your city that will trot a mile in fifty-five seconds8 ,oh1 says some good1 pious brother1 ,i don't pay any attention to trotting-horses6 ,i am too religious to spend time over them4 ,is that so8 ,who made the trotting-horse8 ,who used the most picturesque language on the face of the earth1 in the ,book of ,job1 to describe him8 ,did you ever own a trotting-horse8 ,did you ever see a beautiful animal so well fed1 so well cared for1 trembling on that line with his mane shaking1 his eyes flashing1 his nostrils distended1 and all his being alert for the leap8 ,and did you hear the shot and see him go8 ,if you did and didn't love him1 you ought to be turned out of the church4 ,the time has come when a horse may be as useful as a university4 ,at ,yale ,university1 one day1 ,i heard a professor of science tell those boys that a horse has within its body so much galvanic or electric force continually generated by the activities of life1 that if that electricity could be concentrated and held to a certain point1 a horse could stand still and run a forty-horse power electric engine4 ,he went further than that and said that a man has within his living body sufficient continually generated electricity which1 if it were brought to a point1 might enable him to stand still and run a ten-horsepower electric engine4 ,i went out of that class-room with a sense of triumph1 thinking3 ,there is going to be use1 after all1 for the loafers who stand on the corners and smoke6 ,in ,europe1 some years ago1 a sewing-machine was invented on which a lady put her bare feet1 and her electric forces started the machine4 ,this power does not yet run the machine strong enough to force the needle for real sewing4 ,the only question is to get more of the electricity of that lady through the machine and secure the greater power4 ,then if a young man wants a valuable wife he must marry one full of lightning4 ,the time is very near at hand when all the motive power of the world may be furnished by animal life4 ,when they get one step further the greatest airships will go up and take with them a lap dog4 ,the airship will require no coal1 no oil1 but just the electric force of that lap dog2 and if they carry up enough to feed that dog he will furnish the power to run the motors4 ,the great high seas of the air will be filled with machines run by lap dogs or the electricity of the aviator himself4 ,it is not so far away as many of you may suppose1 and it is the greatly needed improvement of this time1 not so much for the purpose of the war1 as for peace4 ,the time has come when an old hen may become a great instructor of the world4 ,i would rather send my child to an old hen than to any professor ,i ever saw in my life4 ,that old biddy which scratches around your door1 or who cackles beside your fence1 or picks off your flowers1 knows more of some things than any scientific professor on the face of the earth4 ,i wish ,i knew what that old hen does4 ,but there are some professors who pretend to have a wonderful intellect1 who say3 ,i graduated from ,leipsic or from ,oxford or ,harvard1 and ,i have no time to observe a hen4 ,no time to notice a hen8 ,my friend1 did you ever try to talk with her8 ,no1 ,i did not2 she has no language4 ,didn't you ever hear her call the chickens and see them come8 ,didn't you ever hear her scold the rooster1 and see him go8 ,well1 a hen does have a real language1 and it is time you scientific professors understood what that old biddy says4 ,oh1 but1 says the professor1 ,i have no time to spend with a hen6 ,they are around the place all the time1 but ,i never take any special notice of them4 ,i am studying the greater things in the world4 ,won't you come into my study a minute1 professor1 and let me examine you8 ,you have examined the boys long enough1 now let me examine you4 ,bring all you know of science and all the scientific applications ever made1 and all the instruments that are ever used1 bring all that the world has ever discovered of chemistry4 ,come1 and take in your hand a dove's egg1 just the egg4 ,now1 professor1 will you tell the person who is reading this book where1 in this egg1 is now the beating heart of the future bird8 ,can you tell where it is8 ,oh no1 ,i cannot tell that4 ,i can tell you the chemistry of the egg4 ,no1 ,i am not looking for that4 ,i am looking for the design in the egg4 ,i am looking for something more divinely mysterious than anything of chemistry4 ,now1 professor1 will you tell me where in that egg is the bony frame that next will appear8 ,no1 ,i cannot tell you that4 ,where is the sheening bosom1 and where the wings that shall welcome the sun in its coming8 ,no man can tell that1 says the professor4 ,the professor is quite right4 ,it cannot yet be told4 ,yet1 in that egg is the greatest scientific problem with which the world has ever grappled--the beginning of life and the ,god-given design4 ,in that egg is the secret of life4 ,professor1 tell me where this life begins4 ,the professor says1 ,no man can answer questions like that4 ,then1 until we can answer1 we must take off our hats every time we meet a setting hen4 ,for that old biddy knows by instinct more about it than any one of us4 ,she knows directly1 through her instinctive nature from ,god1 something about the beginnings of life that we cannot understand yet4 ,the last time ,i saw ,dr4 ,oliver ,wendell ,holmes1 the grand poet of ,massachusetts1 he asked me to go out in his back yard and see his chickens4 ,he told me they would answer to their names4 ,but it turned out that they were like our children1 and would not show off before company4 ,but ,i haven't any doubt those little chickens still with the hen did answer to their individual names when she alone called them4 ,i am sure that great man understood the hen and chickens as fully as ,darwin did the doves4 ,it was a wonderful thing for science that men like ,holmes and ,darwin could learn so much from the hen4 ,it reminds me of a current event in ,doctor ,holmes's own life1 though the biographies do not seem to have taken notice of it4 ,he and ,mr4 ,longfellow were very intimate friends4 ,they were ever joking each other like two boys1 always at play whenever they met4 ,one day1 it is said1 ,doctor ,holmes asked ,mr4 ,longfellow to go down to ,bridgewater1 in ,massachusetts1 to a poultry show4 ,he went2 he was greatly interested in chickens4 ,those two great poets went down to the poultry show1 and as they walked up the middle passageway between the exhibits of hens and chickens they came to a large poster on which was a picture of a rooster4 ,he had his wings spread and mouth open1 making a speech to a lot of little chickens4 ,it was such a unique picture that ,mr4 ,longfellow called ,doctor ,holmes's attention to it1 and said3 ,there1 you love chickens1 you understand them4 ,what do you suppose a rooster does say when he makes a speech to chickens like that8 ,they went on1 and ,doctor ,holmes was studying over it4 ,finally he turned around and said1 ,go on1 ,i will catch up with you4 ,he went back to that poster1 got up on a chair1 took the tacks out of the top1 turned in the advertisement at the top1 above the picture1 and then took his pencil and drew a line from the bill of the rooster that was making that speech up to the top4 ,there he wrote what he thought that rooster was saying to those chickens4 ,they say that he did not make a single correction in it1 of line or word4 ,he then went after ,mr4 ,longfellow and brought the great poet back to see the poster4 ,he had written these words1 in imitation of ,longfellow's ,psalm of ,life3 ,life is real1 life is earnest6 ,and the shell is not its pen2 ,egg thou art1 and egg remainest1 ,was not spoken of the hen1 ,art is long1 and ,time is fleeting1 ,be our bills then sharpened well1 ,and not like muffled drums be beating1 ,on the inside of the shell4 ,in the world's broad field of battle1 ,in the great barnyard of life1 ,be not like those lazy cattle6 ,be a rooster in the strife6 ,lives of roosters all remind us1 ,we can make our lives sublime1 ,and when roasted1 leave behind us ,hen tracks on the sands of time4 ,hen tracks that perhaps another ,chicken drooping in the rain1 ,some forlorn and hen-pecked brother1 ,when he sees1 shall crow again4 ,animal life can do much for us if we will but study it1 take notice of it daily in our homes1 in the streets1 wherever we are4 ,,iii ,,mastering ,,natural ,,forces ,it has been demonstrated by science that the mentality and disposition of all kinds of animal life are greatly affected by what they eat4 ,professor ,virchow1 of ,germany1 took two little kittens and fed them on different foods1 but kept them in the same environment4 ,after three months he went in and put out his finger at one of those little kittens1 and it stuck up its back and spit and scratched and drew the blood4 ,it was savage4 ,he put out his finger to the other kitten1 fed on the other food1 and it rubbed against his finger and purred with all the loveliness of domestic peace4 ,what was the difference between the kittens8 ,nothing in the world but what they ate4 ,now ,i can understand why some men swear and some women scratch4 ,it is what they eat4 ,the universities of the world are now establishing schools of domestic science for the purpose of training people to understand the chemistry of digestion and the chemistry of cooking4 ,oh1 there is an awful need of better cooks6 ,yet the fashionable aristocratic ,american lady thinks it is altogether beneath her dignity to cook a pie or pudding1 or boil potatoes4 ,how short sighted that is6 ,the need of better cooks is great4 ,how many a man fails in business because his wife is a poor cook4 ,how many a student is marked down because of the bad biscuit in the boarding-house4 ,oh yes1 and how many a grave in yonder cemetery would be empty still if there had been a good cook in that house4 ,i have grappled with an awful subject now--the need of better cooks4 ,a man can't even be pious with the dyspepsia4 ,the ,american lady1 so called1 who sits in the parlor amid the lace curtains and there plies her needle upon some delicate piece of embroidery1 and commits the wonderful chemistry of the kitchen to the care of some girl who doesn't know the difference between a frying-pan and a horse-rake1 is not fit to be called an ,american lady4 ,any fool could sit amid the curtains1 but it takes a giant mind to handle the chemistry of the kitchen4 ,if women forsake that throne of power1 men must take it1 or our civilization must cease4 ,but ,i will not follow this thought into the thousands of discoveries animals suggest1 because1 in this wonderful tradition1 the real king was not only followed by animals1 but the sun served him1 and the waters obeyed him4 ,now ,i can combine those two thoughts for illustration1 using the wonderful locomotive which draws our railway trains4 ,the locomotive has within it the coal1 which is the carbon of the sun4 ,thus the sun serves man by heating the water2 and there is the water changing to steam and driving the piston-rods over the land1 obeying man4 ,we need so much to travel faster than we do now4 ,i saw a man not long ago who said he did not like to travel a mile a minute in a railway train4 ,if you don't go faster than a mile a minute ten years from now you will feel like that old lady who got in a slow train with a little girl4 ,the conductor came through and asked for a ticket for the little girl1 and the old lady said3 ,she is too young to pay her fare4 ,no1 said the conductor4 ,a great girl like that must pay her fare4 ,well1 the mother replied1 she was young enough to go for nothing when we got in this train4 ,you will feel like that if you don't travel faster than a mile a minute ten years from now4 ,the time is soon coming when1 in order to go from ,philadelphia to ,san ,francisco1 you will get in the end of a pipe or on a wire1 and about as quick as you can say that you will be in ,san ,francisco4 ,is that an extravagant expression8 ,the time draws nigh when you won't say that is an extravagant expression4 ,as ,i am writing this a company to lay that long-contemplated pneumatic tube from ,new ,york to ,boston is being formed4 ,they have been fighting in the courts over the right to lay it4 ,when they finish it you can put a hundredweight of goods in the ,new ,york end of it1 and it will possibly land in ,boston in one minute and fifty-eight seconds4 ,now1 then1 what is to hinder making a little larger pipe and putting a man in and sending him in one minute and fifty-eight seconds8 ,the only reason why you cannot send them with that lightning speed is for the same reason1 perhaps1 that the ,irishman gave when he fell from a tall building and they asked1 ,didn't the fall hurt you8 ,no1 it was not the falling that hurt me1 it was the stopping so quick4 ,that is all the difficulty there is in using now those pneumatic tubes for human travel4 ,we need those inventions now4 ,we are soon going to find the inventors4 ,will you find them graduating from some university1 or from some great scientific school at ,harvard1 ,yale1 ,oxford1 or ,berlin8 ,it may be4 ,i would not say1 while presiding over a university myself1 that you would not find such people there4 ,perhaps you will4 ,but come back in history with me a little way and let us see where these men and women are to be found4 ,go into northern ,england1 and go down a coal shaft underground two miles1 and there is a young man picking away at a vein of coal a foot and a half thick4 ,his hair sticks out through his hat1 his face is besmirched1 his fingers are covered with soot4 ,yet he is digging away and whistling4 ,is he a king8 ,one of the greatest the world has ever seen4 ,queen ,victoria1 introducing her son1 who has since been king1 to that young man1 said to him3 ,i introduce you1 my son1 to ,england's greatest man4 ,what6 ,this poor miner1 who has never been to school but a few months in his life8 ,while he had not been to a day school1 he had been learning all the time in the university of experience1 in the world's great university--every-day observation4 ,when such a man graduates he gets the highest possible degree--,d4,n4,r4--,don't ,need ,recommends4 ,let us go in the mine and ask the miner his name4 ,young man1 what is your name8 ,stevenson4 ,the inventor of the locomotive itself6 ,oh1 where are thy kings1 oh1 men8 ,they may be in the mine1 on the mountain1 in the hovel or the palace1 wherever a man notices what other people have not seen4 ,wherever a man observes in his every-day work what other people have not noticed1 there will be found the king4 ,are any of my readers milkmen8 ,are you discouraged when the brooks freeze up in the winter8 ,now1 there was a milkman in ,west ,virginia1 not many years ago1 who went to the train every morning with the milk from the farm1 and while they were putting the milk in the car he studied the locomotive standing in the station4 ,what do you know about a locomotive8 ,oh1 ,i don't know anything about it4 ,is that so8 ,you have seen and ridden after them all your lifetime1 and you have seen them standing in the station1 you have looked at the immense structure with some respect1 but you don't know anything about it--and then you expect to be a successful man6 ,that young man became interested in the locomotive1 and while he stood around there he watched it1 measured it1 asked the engineer questions about it4 ,one day the engineer1 seeing he was interested1 took him down to the switch and showed him how to put on the steam1 and how to shut it off1 and how to reverse the engine1 ring the bell1 operate the whistle1 and all about it1 and he was delighted4 ,he went home and made draftings in the evenings of the locomotive4 ,two years after that the same train ran on the siding and the engineer and fireman went into a house to get their breakfast1 leaving the locomotive alone--waiting for the snow to be shoveled off the track which had rolled down the mountain4 ,while they were absent a valve of the engine accidentally opened4 ,it started the piston1 and the engine began to draw out the train on to the main track1 and then it began to go down the fearful grade at full speed4 ,the brakeman went out on the rear platform1 caught hold of the wheel brake in order to slow down the train4 ,when he saw the engineer and fireman at the top of the hill swinging their arms as though something awful had happened1 the brakeman shouted3 ,there is the engineer and fireman1 both of them1 up there4 ,we will all be killed6 ,the people fainted and screamed1 and the cry went to the second car1 and then to the baggage car1 and that milkman was there4 ,he ran to the side-door to leap1 but saw that it would be certain death4 ,then1 with the help of the baggage-man he clambered over the tender1 reached the engineer's place1 and felt around for the lever in the smoke4 ,when he discovered it he pressed it home4 ,then reversed the engine4 ,it was a wonder those cylinder heads held4 ,but with an awful crack the driving wheels stopped on the track1 shot fire through the snow as they began to roll back against the ongoing train1 the momentum still pushing it on4 ,it shook the train until every pane of glass was broken4 ,when it came to a stop the passengers climbed out to ascertain who stopped the train4 ,they discovered that this young man had done it1 and saved their lives1 and they thanked him with tears4 ,a stockholder in the railroad company1 an old man nearly eighty years of age1 was on the train4 ,he went into the stockholders' meeting that night and told the story of his narrow escape on that train4 ,since then that milkman has been one of the richest railroad owners in the world4 ,what do you suppose has become of the other milkmen who went at the same time to the same place and sat on the edge of the platform and swung their feet8 ,what has become of them8 ,ask the winds that sweep down from the ,alleghany mountains--where are the other milkmen8 ,the winds will answer1 ,they are going to the pump there still4 ,it was ever the same4 ,wherever you look1 success in any branch of achievement depends upon this ability to get one's education every day as one goes along from the events that are around us now4 ,the king is found wherever a person notices that which other men do not see4 ,,iv ,,whom ,,mankind ,,shall ,,love ,the great scientific men--and we need more--often are not given the full credit that is due them because they have not graduated from somewhere4 ,it seems to me there is a feeling in these later days for creating an aristocracy among the men who have graduated from some rich university4 ,but that does not determine a man's life4 ,it may be a foolish tyranny for a little while1 but nevertheless every man and woman must finally take the place where he and she are best fitted to be1 and do the things that he and she can do best1 and the things about which he and she really know4 ,where they graduated1 or when1 will not long count in the race of practical life4 ,we need great scientific men now more than we ever needed them before4 ,where are you going to find them8 ,we won't find them where that scientific man came from who invented an improvement upon the cuckoo clock4 ,his clock1 instead of saying1 ,cuckoo1 cuckoo1 cuckoo1 when it struck the hour1 said1 ,i love you6 ,i love you6 ,i love you6 ,that man left the clock at home with his wife nights while he was around at the club1 thinking that would be sufficient protestation of his love4 ,yet any man knows you cannot make love by machinery4 ,that was only a so-called scientific idea4 ,i read not long ago that a great scientific man said that love and worship are only the aggregate results of physical causes4 ,that is not true4 ,love and worship are something beyond physical causes4 ,educated men ought to know better than to say anything like that4 ,there are many valuable things that every man knows until he has unlearned them in a university4 ,there is danger that a man will get so much education that he won't know anything of real value because his useless education has driven the useful out of his mind4 ,it is like a dog ,i owned when a boy4 ,he was a very good fox dog4 ,one day ,i thought ,i would show him off before the boys4 ,we let the fox out at the barn door1 which was open just far enough for the dog to see the fox start4 ,then he began whining and yelping to get out4 ,i ran out and dropped some red pepper where the dog was likely to follow the fox over the hill4 ,then ,i went back and opened the door4 ,the dog rushed out after the fox1 but soon began to take in the red pepper4 ,then he began to whine and yelp--and stopped1 whirled around1 and1 rushing down to the brook1 put his nose under the water4 ,from the time he graduated from that pepper university he never would follow a fox at all4 ,he had added education in the wrong direction1 and so it is often with these scientific men4 ,do you know that the humblest man1 whatever his occupation1 really knows instinctively certain things better for not having been to school much8 ,it is so easy to bias the mind4 ,when the boy comes to learn geometry the teacher will say3 ,two parallel lines will never run together4 ,the boy may look up and ask1 ,what is the use of telling me that8 ,every man knows that two parallel lines will never run together4 ,but how does he know it8 ,it is born with him4 ,his natural instincts tell that to him4 ,it is what we call an axiom--a self-evident truth4 ,it is above argument and beyond all possible reasoning4 ,we know that two halves are equal to the whole6 ,you know that when you cut an apple in half the two halves are equal to the whole of it4 ,you tell that to a geometry class1 and they say3 ,i know that4 ,everybody knows it4 ,of course everybody does1 because it is a natural scientific fact that you cannot reasonably question4 ,ask a man1 ,do you know that you exist8 ,he looks with astonishment and says3 ,certainly6 ,don't ,i know that ,i am8 ,i know that ,i am here1 that this is me1 that ,i am not ,mrs4 ,smith or some one else8 ,of course you do4 ,but how do you know it8 ,by a ,god-given instinct that came into the world with you4 ,no scientist or school on earth could disprove that1 or prove it1 either4 ,it is a self-evident fact4 ,i know that ,i am an intelligent personal identity1 and that ,i dwell in this body in some mysterious way4 ,i know that is my hand1 but what ,i possess is not me4 ,i know by an instinct infallible that ,i am a spiritual being1 separate from this material4 ,you know that4 ,no scientist can prove or disprove it4 ,it is a fact we all know4 ,i know that ,i can never die1 and you know it unless you have gotten educated out of it4 ,it is in your very life2 it is a part of your original instinct4 ,when some graduate of some great university shall come to you1 young man1 and say1 ,i can prove to you that the ,bible is not true1 or1 ,i can prove to you that your religion is false1 you can say to him3 ,you are nothing but an educated fool4 ,because the more you have studied the less truth you seem to know4 ,it is only one's own personal self that can know his own religious instincts4 ,it is only himself that can know whether he is in spiritual relation to ,god or not4 ,no education on earth can overturn the fact1 although wrong study may confuse the mind4 ,when a man comes to me1 with his higher education1 to overturn religion1 it reminds me of what ,artemus ,ward said to that lordly graduate of ,oxford and ,cambridge4 ,this man told ,ward that he was disgusted with his shows4 ,artemus ,ward asked him1 ,what do you know about these shows8 and he said3 ,i know everything about them4 ,i graduated from two universities4 ,then ,artemus ,ward said1 ,you remind me of a farmer in ,maine who had a calf that stole the milk of two cows1 and the more milk he got the greater calf he was4 ,such is the effect sometimes of education on religious life--the more mental education of some kind which you get the less you may know about your natural religious instincts4 ,there is a great need to-day1 and prayers go up to heaven now for men and women whom mankind shall love--love because they are great benefactors2 love because1 while they are making money or gaining fame or honor for themselves1 they are blessing humanity all the way along4 ,i must not argue now4 ,i will illustrate1 because you can remember the illustrations and you might forget an argument4 ,there is a great need for artists4 ,there never was such a need in the progress of ,christian civilization as there is now for great painters4 ,all these walls ought to be covered with magnificent paintings teaching some great divine truth1 and every school-house1 yes1 every barn1 ought to have some picture upon it that will instruct and inspire4 ,all our children seek to go to the moving pictures1 and that shows what an agency there is in pictures for the instruction of mankind4 ,we need artists by the thousands4 ,it is not a surprise to me that a ,new ,york man is getting a salary of #ce1jjj a year for moving-picture work because he notices something other people have not seen4 ,it is no surprise that a great store in that city pays an advertising man #ba1jjj a year salary4 ,he can see what the rest of the public does not see4 ,we need great artists1 hundreds of them4 ,where are you going to find them8 ,you will say at the art school1 in the ,national ,gallery in ,london1 or at the ,louvre in ,paris1 or in ,rome4 ,well1 it may be that you will4 ,but it is an unfortunate thing for your theory that one of the greatest painters in ,america painted with a cat's tail4 ,it is another enlightening thing that the man who received the highest prize at the ,world's ,fair in ,chicago for a landscape painting never took a lesson in color or drawing in his life4 ,but that doesn't argue against lessons nor against schools or universities4 ,don't misunderstand me in this4 ,i am only making emphatic my special subject4 ,he took the highest prize and never went to an art school in his life4 ,if he had attended school the teacher might have tried to show him something and thus weakened his mind4 ,the teacher in a school who shows a child anything that that child could work out for himself is a curse to that child4 ,it is an awful calamity for a child to be under the control of a too kind-hearted teacher who will show him everything4 ,one of the greatest artists was ,charlotte ,bronte4 ,she was a wonderful little woman1 and ,i like little women4 ,did you ever read ,longfellow's poem on ,little ,women8 ,it always reminds me so much of ,charlotte ,bronte4 ,one day he showed me the poem1 and ,i asked him why he did not print it in his book1 and he replied1 ,i don't think it is worth while4 ,since his death they have given it first rank1 and ,i will quote one verse3 ,as within a little rose we find the richest dyes1 ,as in a little grain of gold much price and value lies1 ,and as from a little balsam much odor doth arise1 ,so in a little woman there's a gleam of paradise4 ,charlotte ,bronte was one of those wonderful1 wiry1 beautiful little cultivated combinations of divine femininity which no man can describe4 ,she had a younger brother on her hands1 and when a young woman has a younger brother on her hands if she has a beau1 she has her hands full4 ,this younger brother was dull of brains1 clumsy of finger and unfitted to be an artist4 ,but his sister was determined he should be a painter1 and took him to the shore1 to the village and the woods1 and said1 ,notice everything1 and notice it closely4 ,finally1 he did secure a second prize4 ,then his little sister threw her arms about her brother's neck and kissed him1 and thanked him for getting that prize4 ,that is just like a woman6 ,i never could understand a woman4 ,of all the mysterious things that the ,lord ever put together1 a woman is the most mysterious4 ,charlotte ,bronte was like an old lady ,i used to know up in my native town who thanked her husband1 with tears1 for having brought up a flock of sheep which she herself fed every morning through the winter before he was out of bed4 ,finally1 ,charlotte ,bronte's younger brother became dissipated and died1 and then her father died1 and when we ministers get to be old we might as well die4 ,she was left without means of support4 ,but when she told her friends1 they said3 ,you have a college education1 ,charlotte4 ,why don't you write something8 ,we now find that the first thing she wrote was ,jane ,eyre1 the wonderful story for which she at last received #ch1jjj4 ,queen ,victoria invited that humble girl to her palace at ,windsor because of her marvelous genius4 ,how came she to write a book like that8 ,simply because she had noticed so closely1 for her brother's sake1 that from the nib of her pen flowed those beautiful descriptions as naturally as the water ripples down the mountain-side4 ,that is always so4 ,no man ever gives himself for others' good in the right spirit without receiving a hundredfold more in this present time4 ,i will go one step farther with this thought4 ,we do need great painters1 but we don't want more painters like that man who painted the ,israelites coming out of ,egypt1 representing them with muskets on their shoulders with ,u4,s4 on the butts4 ,but more than artists we need great musicians4 ,there is an awful need of music4 ,we have too much noise1 but very little real music4 ,did you ever think how little you have8 ,do you suppose a true musician is simply a man who roars down to low ,b and squeals to high ,c8 ,what an awful need there is of the music which refines the heart1 brightens the mind2 that brings glory and heaven down to men4 ,i have not the space here to expand upon that thought--the awful need of humanity for real music4 ,but we don't get it4 ,i do not know why it is4 ,i am not able to explain4 ,but perhaps ,i can hint at what music is4 ,at ,yale ,i had to earn my own living1 and that is why1 for these forty-four years1 ,i have been lecturing exclusively to help young men secure their college education4 ,i arose at four o'clock and worked in the ,new ,haven ,house from four to eight to get the come backs from the breakfast table so that my brother and ,i could live4 ,some days1 however1 ,i digged potatoes in the afternoon1 and taught music in the evening1 although the former was my proper occupation4 ,sometimes my music scholars would invite me in to play something to entertain their company1 and ,i noticed the louder ,i played the louder they talked4 ,i often said1 ,what a low standard of musical culture there is in ,new ,haven6 ,but ,i learned something after ,i left college4 ,i learned ,i was not a musician4 ,had ,i been a musician they would have listened4 ,that is the only test of real music4 ,there is no other4 ,if you sing and every one whispers1 or you play and every one talks1 it is because you are not a musician4 ,i dare tell it to you here1 when ,i would not dare say it to you individually if we were alone4 ,there is no person on earth who gets so many lies to the square inch as a person who drums on a piano4 ,what is music8 ,music may be wholly a personal matter and be called music4 ,i remember ,major ,snow1 of my native town1 who used to listen to the filing of the saw at the sawmill4 ,how that did screech and scratch until it hurt to our toes6 ,we asked the old major why he went down to the mill ,saturday1 when he could go any other day4 ,he said3 ,oh1 boys1 you do not understand it4 ,when ,i was young ,i worked in a sawmill and ,i come down here to hear them file that saw4 ,it reminds me of the good old days4 ,it is music to me4 ,he was educated up to that standard where filing of a saw was music to him1 and so men may be educated in all manner of ways in so-called music4 ,but it is not the real music4 ,what is true music8 ,i went to a beautiful church in ,new ,york to exchange with the pastor1 and an officer of the church came down the aisle as ,i walked in and said to me1 ,sir1 the choir always opens the service4 ,they did2 they opened it6 ,i sat down on the pulpit sofa and waited an embarrassingly long time for something to be done up there4 ,the choir roosted on a shelf over my head4 ,the soprano earned #d1jjj a year1 and ,i was anxious to hear her4 ,soon ,i heard the rustle of silk up there1 and one or two little giggles4 ,then the soprano began4 ,she struck the lowest note her cultivated voice could possibly touch1 and then she began to wind1 or rather1 corkscrew1 her way up and up and up1 out of sight--and she stayed up there4 ,then the second bass began and wound his way down1 down1 down--down to the ,hades of sound--and he stayed down there4 ,now1 was that music8 ,was it worship8 ,why1 if ,i had stood in that sacred place and positively sworn at the people it would not have been greater sacrilege than that exhibition up on that shelf6 ,do you think the living ,god is to be worshiped by a high-flying1 pyrotechnic1 trapeze performance in acoustics8 ,neither worship nor music was there4 ,music does not consist of a high-flying circus trapeze performance in acoustics4 ,what is music8 ,music is such a combination of sound as moves the heart to holier emotions1 quickens the brain to brighter thoughts1 and moves the whole man on to nobler deeds4 ,that is music4 ,nothing else is music4 ,you can only find out whether you are a musician or not by taking notice1 while you sing1 whether you hold the attention of the people1 and whether you influence their memory and their after character4 ,v ,,need ,,of ,,orators ,we need great orators4 ,the need is something alarming4 ,i am often called to lecture at the ,chautauquas and the lyceums1 and the committees often urge me to recommend some man or woman who will fill a place on the public platform4 ,they offer marvelous rewards for those who will do that well4 ,there are no men or women alive1 not one known in our land to-day1 who could be called a great orator4 ,when ,i began to lecture1 fifty-eight years ago1 there were ,henry ,ward ,beecher1 ,wendell ,phillips1 ,george ,william ,curtis1 ,edward ,everett1 the greatest orator of his day--and ,john ,b4 ,gough4 ,i esteem it a great honor to have been induced by ,mr4 ,gough to go on the lecture platform4 ,they are all gone1 and no successors have appeared4 ,liberty and oratory have ever gone together1 and always will1 hence the need of oratory is especially pressing now4 ,why don't we have orators8 ,the editors say because the newspaper has come in and goes into every home1 and a man on ,sunday will read a better sermon in his newspaper than ever was delivered1 and will save paying the minister and having trouble with the choir4 ,now1 that time will never come4 ,you will never get along without real orators1 no matter how many newspapers you may have4 ,i respect the press4 ,i have had something to do with its work in my lifetime4 ,i have worked upon and owned a daily newspaper4 ,but ,i must say that there is something1 after all1 in the shake of a living man's finger1 something in the flash of his eye1 something in the stamp of his foot1 but vastly more in his mesmeric power1 which no cold type will ever express6 ,you never can fully express the living man in cold lead4 ,why don't we have great orators8 ,i don't think the newspapers are in the way4 ,but other people say to me4 ,it is the injurious effect of the modern school of elocution1 which is now called 'the school of oratory4' ,it has only been a few years since all these elocutionary schools changed their names to schools of oratory and consequently damaged the prospect of our country4 ,the school of elocution may not be a school of oratory at all4 ,it may be a hindrance to oratory2 it depends on what the teaching is4 ,there is a wide difference between elocution and real oratory4 ,elocution is an art of expression1 which every teacher has1 and he teaches his own art4 ,but oratory is the great science of successful speech4 ,the man who gets what he pleads for is an orator1 no matter how he calls4 ,if you call a dog and he comes1 that is oratory4 ,if he runs away1 that is elocution6 ,why don't we have greater orators8 ,these schools of elocution remind me of an incident which occurred about seventeen years ago4 ,i don't believe ,i will hurt any one's feelings now by mentioning it4 ,the professor of elocution was sick one day1 and the boys came after me4 ,they wanted me to come because the teacher was away1 and ,i resolved to go and entertain that class and let it pass for a recitation4 ,professors often do that4 ,when ,i came into the class-room1 ,i said to the boy on the front seat3 ,what was the last lesson you had in elocution8 ,one of the boys said3 ,peter ,piper1 pickle-picker1 picked six pecks of pickled peppers2 ,if ,peter ,piper1 pickle-picker1 picked six pecks of pickled peppers1 ,where are the six pecks of pickled peppers which ,peter ,piper picked8 ,that is lip exercise in elocution4 ,i said to that young man1 ,i will not teach elocution4 ,but ,i wish you would come up and deliver that to this class just as you would to an audience4 ,the boy came up and put his toes together1 and his hands by his side1 for he had not reached the study of gesture4 ,he yelled very rapidly and loudly3 ,peter ,piper1 pickle-picker1 picked six pecks of pickled peppers2 ,if ,peter ,piper1 piping1 picked six pecks of pickled peppers1 ,where are the pecks of pickled peppers which ,peter ,piper picked8 ,it was elocution1 but it was not oratory4 ,i had trouble in getting up another boy1 but ,i finally did4 ,he thought that oratory consisted entirely in elocutionary inflections1 so he delivered it3 ,peter ,piper picked six pecks of pickled peppers2 ,if ,peter piping picked a peck of pickled peppers1 ,where's the peck of pickled peppers ,peter ,piper picked8 7,with marked raising and lowering of the voice47 ,it sounded like an old rooster in the barn in the morning4 ,but being elocution1 it was not oratory4 ,but the most illustrative and most absurd speech ,i ever heard was by a visitor in that class that day4 ,he was sitting over near the aisle1 and one of the students came and whispered to me3 ,that young man has graduated from an ,eastern school of elocution1 and he is going to act the heavy parts in tragedy upon the stage4 ,he is a great elocutionist1 and won't you get him to recite something to the class8 ,i fell into the trap1 and went down to the young man1 and said3 ,i understand you are an elocutionist4 ,will you come up and recite something for the class8 ,as soon as he looked up at me ,i saw by his eyes there was something the matter with his head4 ,i do not know just what1 but things have happened since that make it no unkindness to refer to him the way ,i do4 ,i said3 ,please come up and recite something1 and he replied3 ,shall ,i recite the same thing the young men have been reciting8 ,i said1 ,you don't need to do that2 take anything4 ,he left his gold-headed cane--the best part of him--on the floor1 and then he came up to the platform and leaned on the table and said to me3 ,shall ,i recite the same thing the young men have been reciting8 ,i said3 ,you can if you wish4 ,you are perfectly free to take anything you choose4 ,the professor is away1 anyhow4 ,when the cat is away the mice will play4 ,then he began to prepare himself for that recitation4 ,i never saw such behavior in my life4 ,he pulled up his sleeves1 brushed back his hair1 shook himself1 moved the table away forward1 and ,i slid far back by the door and left the platform open1 for ,i didn't know what he was going to do next4 ,then he gave the selection3 ,peter ,piper picked a peck of pickled pepper-r-rs2 ,if ,peter ,piper1 piping piper1 picked a peck of pickled pepper-r-r-rs1 ,where's the peck of pickled pepper-r-r-rs ,peter ,piper pickle-picker-r-r picked8 ,he rolled in a flutter the letter r in each line4 ,that class looked up with awe1 and applauded until he repeated it4 ,it was still elocution1 but it was not oratory4 ,he thought that oratory consisted of rolling the r's and rolling himself4 ,that is not oratory4 ,where do they learn oratory8 ,they learn it in the old-fashioned school-house1 from that old hen at the kitchen door1 in some back office1 in some hall1 or some church where young men or women get together and debate1 saying naturally the things they mean1 and then take notice of the effects of what they debate upon1 the conviction or after action of those who listen4 ,that is the place to observe4 ,you must take notice if you are to be a great orator4 ,the greatest orator of the future will be a woman4 ,it has not been two months since the management of a women's ,chautauqua said1 ,we could give #dj1jjj a year to any woman who will be a natural woman on the platform4 ,they would make money at #dj1jjj a year if they hired a woman who would be a real woman4 ,the trouble is that when women get on the platform they try to sing bass or try to speak as a man speaks4 ,and there is such a need for women orators now6 ,i get provoked about it when ,i think4 ,why isn't there a great woman orator like ,mrs4 ,livermore now when she is needed so much8 ,,vi ,,woman',s ,,influence ,if women vote they will be of little account unless they are leaders4 ,it is of no special advantage to the voter to ignorantly put a piece of paper in a box4 ,but it is of great account to influence ten thousand votes4 ,that is what women must do if they are going to exercise their right under suffrage--they must be the influence behind the throne1 not merely a voter4 ,when ,i was a boy in the district school a substitute teacher came in1 and we all loved that little woman4 ,we would do anything she asked us to do4 ,one day that substitute teacher1 who could not get a first-class certificate1 copied a verse of a poem and asked me to read it3 ,if you cannot on the ocean ,sail among the swiftest fleet3 ,rocking on the mighty billows1 ,laughing at the storms you meet4 ,she asked me to read it once1 and then she turned the paper over and said1 ,now1 ,russell1 repeat it4 ,i said1 ,i have not learned it by heart4 ,said she3 ,don't learn it by heart4 ,i will try again4 ,so she wrote the second verse3 ,if you are too weak to journey ,up the mountain steep and high4 ,then she said to me1 ,now1 ,russell1 read it through once1 and notice carefully each word1 and don't look back at a word a second time4 ,i know not now why she demanded that2 ,i have looked in many books of psychology and in many places to find out4 ,i have no explanation of this1 and ,i ask you to think for me1 for this is the fact4 ,i took the second verse and read it through as she told me to do4 ,then she turned it over and said1 ,please repeat it4 ,i said1 ,i cannot repeat it2 ,i have not learned it by heart4 ,she replied3 ,don't you say that again4 ,just shut your eyes and make a mental effort to see those verses1 and then read it4 ,i shut my eyes and said1 ,oh1 it is all dark4 ,then she seemed very much disturbed and said3 ,now1 ,russell1 don't say that4 ,won't you try to do what ,i ask you to do8 ,i thought the little woman was going to cry1 so ,i said1 ,yes1 ,i will do the best ,i can4 ,she said1 ,shut your eyes again and make a determined effort1 with your eyes shut1 to see that poetry just as though it were right before you4 ,i shut my eyes and made that effort1 and saw it as distinctly as though ,i had held it before my open eyes4 ,so long as my eyes were shut ,i could see the two verses1 and ,i read it all through1 word for word1 and ,i read it backward1 word for word1 to the beginning4 ,i thought ,i had seen a ghost4 ,i went home and told my father what had happened1 and he rushed down from the pasture to the school-house and said to the teacher3 ,if you indulge again in your foolish superstitions you will never teach in that school-house again4 ,it must have been uncomfortable for her1 and her secret went down to the grave with her1 as far as ,i know4 ,yet what would ,i not give if ,i could place before the world now what that little girl knew4 ,all our educational institutions1 for which ,i have labored all these years1 would be as nothing compared with that one secret if ,i could give it to you--that secret of being able to look upon a scene and shut's one's eyes and bring it all back again1 study it in detail4 ,i have not had great personal power in that line4 ,but ,i have seen a man who would take a column of the morning paper and read it down1 and hand me the paper and read it through with his eyes shut and scarcely make a mistake4 ,i do not know that ,i ever saw any one who was infallible1 but rarely would he make a mistake4 ,often he could tell me where the comma1 semi-colon1 and other marks of punctuation were4 ,i do not believe there is a normal child who is not mentally capable of that power when he has a teacher who understands how to develop it4 ,that little teacher1 who held only a second-class certificate1 knew more about psyhology than many of the greatest men who preside over great institutions4 ,in the ,alps some years ago was ,professor ,slayton1 a native of ,brighton1 ,england4 ,he was one of the nation's best botanists4 ,his wife died and he was left with a little child between five and six years of age4 ,they boarded at the ,hotel ,des ,alps1 in the ,chamouni ,valley4 ,one morning he took his little girl up to the ,mer-de-,glace1 and then he told her to run back to the hotel1 saying he would return to her in the evening4 ,she bid her father good-by and saw him go up ,mont ,blanc into the forest1 and she ran back4 ,he did not return in the evening1 and she sat up all night and worried1 and early in the morning she ran out from the hotel and ran up the stream to the path she had seen her father take4 ,then1 running across1 she started climbing up the side of the great snow-capped mountain4 ,she came suddenly to a place where the path ran around along a projecting precipice1 two hundred and eighty feet in the perpendicular1 around a promontory of rock that set a few feet back4 ,when she came to that spot her feet slipped upon the snow on the glare ice1 and she slid down and down over the edge so far that her fingers just caught in the moss on the edge and one foot rested on about an inch projection of the rock4 ,as she hung there she screamed1 ,papa6 ,her father heard that cry4 ,he was down in the valley so far that he could not see her1 but he could hear her voice4 ,he recognized it1 and he felt there was an awful need of him--humanity called to him4 ,he ran across the valley and up the path4 ,on the way there was a tree near which he had previously noticed there was an ax4 ,he pulled out the ax and ran on to a tree where he had previously observed there was a rope which the coal-burners had long used to let coal down from the cliff4 ,he clipped the rope with the ax1 threw away the ax1 and1 tying the rope around him as he had noticed the guides do who take travelers over the sea of ice1 he ran on1 until suddenly he came to the spot where his little girl had slipped4 ,he could see the parting in her hair twenty feet down1 and all was glare ice between4 ,his heart must have stopped beating4 ,but he suddenly shouted3 ,papa's come4 ,hold on tight6 ,she screamed1 ,i cannot hold on any longer6 ,he turned and threatened her4 ,oh1 ye parents1 whosoever you may be1 you may save your own son or daughter from a physical or moral death by training them to obey when they are young4 ,her fingers tightened again1 and he threw the rope around the butt of a tree he had noticed1 and let himself rapidly down over that ice4 ,he tried to get hold of his little child's hands1 but they had melted deep into the moss1 and he let himself down beside her and caught hold of her dress and pulled her to him4 ,both were hanging from the edge of the cliff1 and the end of the rope was in his hand1 and his hand on the ice4 ,he tried to pull himself up1 but the rope would not give an inch1 and then he tried to push his little girl up1 but with frozen fingers she could not climb4 ,there they hung in the high ,alps1 alone6 ,will he fall on the jagged rocks and be crushed to death8 ,no1 he will not fall1 because he is a king4 ,he has used his every-day observation1 though he is a graduate of a university4 ,he had noticed something more--he had observed how the dogs howl when they find perishing travelers4 ,those ,st4 ,bernard dogs1 whenever they find a dead body or a man laying insensible1 will always howl in one peculiar way4 ,those dogs know more about acoustics than an architect4 ,how do they know8 ,god told them4 ,when a dog utters that cry it can be heard for miles and miles4 ,the professor imitated the call of the dog1 and when it rang down the valley the coal-burners heard it and the wood-choppers heard it4 ,they said3 ,that is a dog1 and a dog never howls like that unless he has found a dying man4 ,so1 throwing down their axes and guns1 and running over the snows toward the sound of the call1 they suddenly came to the spot4 ,they caught hold of the rope and one of them slid down rapidly and seized the little girl's arm and passed her up1 and then caught hold of the professor's arm and lifted him1 while the others pulled upon the rope4 ,thus they dragged him up4 ,the professor fell on the snow-drift and fainted dead away4 ,but he was a king4 ,he heard humanity's cry1 and when he heard it he knew where the ax was4 ,he had used his every-day study in such a way that he knew where the old rope was1 and knew how to tie it1 and he knew how to call for help4 ,whenever you find on earth a successful man or woman you will always find it is a man or woman who hears humanity's call1 and who has so used his every-day means of observation that he knows where the weapons are with which to fight those battles1 or where the means are with which to bring men relief4 ,i could not better put into your minds that professor's feelings than by a quotation of an ,english phrase which he printed in ,english on his scientific books1 though the books were published in ,french3 ,we live for those who love us1 ,for those who know us true2 ,for the heavens that bend above us1 ,for the good that we can do4 ,for the wrongs that lack resistance1 ,for each cause that needs assistance1 ,for the future in the distance1 ,for the good that we can do4