,,! ,,ebook ,,is #dj 7#aiga-bjaa7       
#bjaa by ,m>ie ,leb]t is lic5s$ "u ,,cc 
,,by-,,nc-,,sa #d4j4 ,to view a copy (  
?is lic5se1 visit                       
https3_/_/creativecommons4org_/lic5ses_/
by-nc-sa_/#d4j_/     ,,! ,,ebook ,,is   
#dj 7#aiga-bjaa7  ,m>ie ,leb]t          
,,introduction   ,! ebook 7electronic   
book7 is #dj ye>s old4 ,aft] humble     
beg9n+s1 x is firmly /&+ alongside !    
pr9t book4 ,we n[ read ebooks on our    
comput]s1 ,p,d,as1 mobile phones1       
sm>tphones & ebook read]s4  8,! ebook is
 #dj0 is a *ronology 9  #dd episodes f  
#aiga to #bjaa4 ,unless specifi$        
o!rwise1 ! quotes are exc]pts f ! ,,nef 
,int]views                              
www4etudes-francaises4net_/entreti5s_/1 
,univ]sity ( ,toronto1 & ! int]views t  
foll[$ z a complem5t4 ,_m ?anks to all  
^? :o are quot$ "h1 = _! "t & _!        
fri5d%ip4  ,"p ( ?is book 0 publi%$ z a 
s]ies ( articles 9 ,project ,gut5b]g    
,news www4gut5b]gnews4org 9 ,july #bjaa1
 to celebrate !   ,?is book m>ks ! v end

 ( a #ab-ye> rese>* project1 ) #ajj     
p>ticipants worldwide4  ,m>ie ,leb]t is 
a rese>*] & j\rnali/ specializ+ 9       
te*nology = books & languages4 ,h] books
 are freely available 9 ,project        
,gut5b]g www4gut5b]g4org1 9 v>i\s =mats 
= any electronic device4     ,,table ,,(
 ,,cont5ts   #aiga  ,project ,gut5b]g1 a
 vision>y project #aigd  ,! int]net     
8took (f0 #aiij  ,! inv5tion ( ! web    
#aiia  ,f ,,ascii to ,unicode #aiib     
,homes = electronic texts #aiic  ,!     
,onl9e ,books ,page #aiic  ,,pdf1 f pa/ 
to pres5t #aiid  ,! int]net z a m>ket+  
tool #aiie  ,! pr9t press w5t onl9e     
#aiie  ,amazon1 a pione] 9 cyb]comm]ce  
#aiif  ,! ,int]net ,ar*ive1 = future    
g5]ations #aiif  ,libr>ies laun*$       
websites #aiif  ,t[>ds a digital k #aiif
  ,! folio project1 a mobile device =   
texts #aiig  ,multim$ia conv]g5ce #aiig 
,a portal = ,european national libr>ies 
#aiig  ,e ,ink1 an electronic ink       
te*nology #aiih  ,! ,electronic ,be[ulf 
,project #aiih  ,web-ext5d$ comm]cial   

books #aiih  ,a m re/rictive copyright  
law #aiih  ,! fir/ ebook read]s #aiii   
,libr>ians 9 cyb]space #aiii  ,!        
,ulysses ,book/ore on ! web #aiii  ,!   
int]net z a novel "* #bjjj              
,encyclop$ias & diction>ies #bjjj  ,!   
web portal your,dictionary4com #bjjj  ,a
 /&>d =mat = ebooks #bjjj  ,exp]im5ts by
 be/-sell+ au?ors #bjjj  ,cotres4net1   
works ( digital lit]ature #bjjj  ,!     
,gut5b]g ,bible onl9e #bjja  ,broadb&   
became ! norm #bjja  ,wikip$ia1 a       
collaborative encyclop$ia #bjja  ,!     
,creative ,commons lic5se #bjjc         
,h&icapzro1 ! int]net = ev]yone #bjjc   
,! ,public ,libr>y ( ,sci5ce #bjjd  ,!  
web #b4j1 community & %>+ #bjje  ,f     
,p,d,as to sm>tphones #bjje  ,f ,google 
,pr9t to ,google ,books #bjje  ,! ,op5  
,cont5t ,alliance1 a univ]sal libr>y    
#bjjf  ,! union catalog ,world,cat on ! 
web #bjjg  ,! ,encyclop$ia ( ,life1 a   
global ef=t #bjjg  ,! future ( ebooks   
se5 f ,france #bjaj  ,f ! ,libri to !   
i,pad #bjaa  ,! ebook 9 t5 po9ts        

#aiga  ,,project ,,gut5b]g1 ,a          
,,vision>y ,,project   ,summ>y ,! fir/  
ebook 0 available 9 ,july #aiga1 z      
e,text #a ( ,project ,gut5b]g1 a        
vision>y project laun*$ by ,mi*ael ,h>t 
to create free electronic v]sions (     
lit]>y works & dissem9ate !m worldwide4 
,9 ! #af? c5tury1 ,gut5b]g all[$ anyone 
to h pr9t books = a small co/4 ,9 ! #ba/
 c5tury1 ,project ,gut5b]g w\ld all[    
anyone to h a digital libr>y at no co/4 
,fir/ consid]$ z totally unreali/ic1 !  
project got its fir/ boo/ ) ! inv5tion (
 ! web 9 #aiij1 :i* made x easi] to     
di/ribute ebooks & recruit volunte]s1 & 
its second boo/ ) ! creation (          
,di/ribut$ ,pro(read]s 9 #bjjj1 to %>e !
 pro(read+ ( ebooks betwe5 ?\s&s (      
volunte]s4 ,9 #bjaa1 = its #dj?         
anniv]s>y1 ,project ,gut5b]g (f]$       
#cf1jjj ebooks be+ d[nload$ by ! t5s (  
?\s&s e day1 ) websites 9 ! ,unit$      
,/ates1 9 ,au/ralia1 9 ,europe1 & 9     
,canada1 & #dj mirror websites          
worldwide4  999999  ,! fir/ ebook 0     

available 9 ,july #aiga1 z e,text #a (  
,project ,gut5b]g1 a vision>y project   
laun*$ by ,mi*ael ,h>t to create free   
electronic v]sions ( lit]>y works &     
dissem9ate !m worldwide4  ,9 ! #af?     
c5tury1 ,gut5b]g all[$ anyone to h pr9t 
books = a small co/4 ,9 ! #ba/ c5tury1  
,project ,gut5b]g w\ld all[ anyone to h 
a digital libr>y at no co/4   ,beg9n+   
,z recall$ by ,mi*ael ,h>t 9 ,janu>y    
#bjji 9 an email int]view3 ,on ,july #d1
 #aiga1 :ile /ill a fre%man at !        
,univ]sity ( ,ill9ois 7,,ui71 ,i decid$ 
to sp5d ! night at ! ,x]ox ,sigma ,v    
ma9frame at ! ,,ui ,mat]ials ,rese>*    
,lab1 r ?an walk miles home 9 ! summ]   
heat1 only to come back h\rs lat] to />t
 ano!r day ( s*ool4 ,i /opp$ on ! way to
 d a little groc]y %opp+ to get ?r\gh ! 
night1 & day1 & along ) ! groc]ies !y   
put 9 ! faux p>*m5t copy ( ',! ,u4,s4   
,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce' t became q   
lit]ally ! corn]/one ( ,project         
,gut5b]g4 ,t night1 z x turn$ out1 ,i   
receiv$ my fir/ comput] acc\nt  -- ,i _h

 be5 hit*hik+ on my bro!r's be/ fri5d's 
"n1 :o ran ! comput] on ! night %ift4   
,:5 ,i got a fir/ look at ! huge am\nt (
 comput] money ,i 0 giv51 ,i decid$ ,i  
_h to d some?+ extremely wor?:ile to d  
ju/ice to :at ,i _h be5 giv54 7'''7 ,z  
,i empti$ out groc]ies1 ! faux p>*m5t   
#8,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce' fell out1 &
 ! light lit]ally w5t on ov] my head l 9
 ! c>toons & comics444 ,i knew :at !    
future ( comput+1 & ! int]net1 0 go+ to 
be444 ',! ,in=mation ,age4' ,! re/1 z !y
 say1 is hi/ory4  ,mi*ael typ$ 9 !      
8,u4,s4 ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce0 9    
upp] case1 because !re 0 no l[] case    
yet4 ,he m5tion$ :]e ! #e ,k file 0 /or$
 to ! #ajj us]s ( ! embryonic int]net ( 
! "t1 ?\gh )\t a hyp]text l9k1 because !
 web 0 /ill #bj ye>s ahead4 ,x 0        
d[nload$ by six us]s4  ,mi*ael decid$ to
 se>* ! books f public doma9 available 9
 libr>ies1 digitize ^! books & /ore _!  
electronic v]sions4 ,project ,gut5b]g's 
mission w\ld be ! foll[+3 to put at     
ev]yone's disposal1 9 electronic        

v]sions1 z _m lit]>y works f public     
doma9 z possible = free4  ,fir/ consid]$
 z totally unreali/ic1 ! project got its
 fir/ boo/ ) ! inv5tion ( ! web 9 #aiij1
 :i* made x easi] to di/ribute ebooks & 
recruit volunte]s4  ,ye>s lat]1 9 ,augu/
 #aiih1 ,mi*ael wrote 9 an email        
int]view3 ,we consid] etext to be a new 
m$ium1 ) no real relation%ip to pap]1   
o!r ?an pres5t+ ! same mat]ial1 b ,i    
don't see h[ pap] c possibly compete    
once p ea* f9d _! own com=table way to  
etexts1 especially 9 s*ools4  ,a book   
became a cont9u\s text file in/ead ( a  
set ( pages1 us+ ! l[ set ( ,,ascii1    
call$ ,pla9 ,vanilla ,,ascii1 ) caps = !
 t]ms 9 italic1 bold or und]l9$ ( ! pr9t
 v]sion1 = x to be read on any h>dw>e & 
s(tw>e4 ,z a text file1 a book w\ld be  
easily copi$1 index$1 se>*$1 analyz$ &  
comp>$ ) o!r books4   ,di/ribut$        
,pro(read]s  ,! project got its second  
boo/ ) ! creation ( ,di/ribut$          
,pro(read]s 9 #bjjj1 to %>e ! pro(read+ 
( ebooks betwe5 ?\s&s ( volunte]s4      

,di/ribut$ ,pro(read]s 0 laun*$ 9       
,octob] #bjjj by ,*>les ,franks to      
support ! digitization ( public doma9   
books & assi/ ,project ,gut5b]g 9 its   
ef=ts to (f] free electronic v]sions (  
lit]>y works4 ,! books are scann$ f a   
pr9t v]sion & conv]t$ into a text v]sion
 by us+ ,,ocr1 #ii reliable at ! be/1   
:i* leaves a few errors p] page4        
,volunte]s *oose "o ( ! books available 
on ! site & pro(read a giv5 page4 ,x is 
recomm5d$ !y d a page p] day if         
possible4  ,di/ribut$ ,pro(read]s became
 ! ma9 s\rce ( ,project ,gut5b]g's      
ebooks1 & an (ficial ,project ,gut5b]g  
site 9 #bjjb4 ,di/ribut$ ,pro(read]s    
became a sep>ate legal entity 9 ,may    
#bjjf & cont9ues to ma9ta9 a /rong      
relation%ip ) ,project ,gut5b]g4 #aj1jjj
 books 7 digitiz$1 pro(read1 & pres]v$ =
 ! _w 9 ,decemb] #bjjf1 & #bj1jjj ebooks
 9 ,april #bjaa1 z 8unique titles s5t to
 ! book%elves ( ,project ,gut5b]g1 free 
to enjoy = ev]ybody4 7'''7 ,di/ribut$   
,pro(read]s is a truly int]national     

community4 ,p f ov] ! _w contribute40   
,di/ribut$ ,pro(read]s ,europe 7,,dp    
,europe7 began production 9 e>ly #bjjd4 
,di/ribut$ ,pro(read]s ,canada 7,,dp    
,canada7 began production 9 ,decemb]    
#bjjg4   8,less is m0  ,project ,gut5b]g
 keeps its adm9i/rative & f9ancial      
/ructure to ! b>e m9imum4 ,its motto    
fits into ?ree words3 ,less is m4 ,!    
m9imal rules give mu* space to volunte]s
 & to new ideas4 ,! goal is to ensure   
its indep5d5ce f loans & o!r fund+ & f  
ephem]al cultural priorities1 to avoid  
pressure f politicians & o!rs4 ,! aim is
 also to ensure respect = ! volunte]s1  
:o c be confid5t _! "w w be us$ n j = a 
few ye>s b = g5]ations4 ,volunte]s c    
network ?r\gh mail+ li/s1 weekly or     
mon?ly newslett]s1 discussion li/s1     
=ums1 wikis & blogs4  ,9 ,july #bjaa1 = 
its #dj? anniv]s>y1 ,project ,gut5b]g   
(f]$ #cf1jjj ebooks be+ d[nload$ by !   
t5s ( ?\s&s e day1 ) websites 9 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates1 9 ,au/ralia1 9 ,europe1 & 9    
,canada1 & #dj mirror websites          

worldwide4  #dj ye>s aft] ! beg9n+ (    
,project ,gut5b]g1 ,mi*ael ,h>t         
describes himself z a workaholic :o has 
devot$ 8 entire life to 8 project4 ,he  
consid]s himself a pragmatic & f>sight$ 
altrui/4 ,= ye>s he 0 reg>d$ z a nut b  
n[ he is respect$4  ,mi*ael has (t5 /at$
 9 8 writ+s t1 aft] ,gut5b]g all[+      
anyone to h its own pr9t books = a small
 co/1 ,project ,gut5b]g w\ld all[ anyone
 to h a libr>y at no co/ /or$ 9 a pocket
 device4 ,! collection ( ,project       
,gut5b]g has ! size ( a local public    
libr>y1 b ?is "t available on ! web to  
be d[nload$ = free4 ,! project's goal is
 to *ange ! _w ?r\gh freely available   
ebooks t c be us$ & copi$ endlessly1 &  
read+ & culture = ev]yone at m9imal co/4
    #aigd  ,,! ,,int]net 8,,took ,,(f0  
,summ>y ,! int]net 8took (f0 9 #aigd ) !
 creation ( ,,tcp_/,,ip 7,transmission  
,control ,protocol _/ ,int]net          
,protocol7 by ,v9ton ,c]f & ,bob ,kahn1 
fifte5 ye>s be=e ! inv5tion ( ! web4 ,! 
int]net exp&$ z a network l9k+ ,u4,s4   

gov]nm5tal ag5cies1 univ]sities & rese>*
 c5t]s1 be=e spread+ worldwide 9 #aihc4 
,! int]net got its fir/ boo/ 9 #aiij ) !
 inv5tion ( ! web by ,tim ,b]n]s-,lee1 &
 its second boo/ 9 #aiic ) ! release (  
,mosaic1 ! fir/ br[s] = ! g5]al public4 
,! ,int]net ,society 7,,isoc7 0 f\nd$ 9 
#aiib by ,v9ton ,c]f to promote !       
developm5t ( ! int]net z a m$ium t 0    
becom+ "p ( our lives4 ,!re 7 #ajj      
million int]net us]s 9 ,decemb] #aiig1 )
 "o million new us]s p] mon?1 & #cjj    
million us]s 9 ,decemb] #bjjj4  999999  
,! int]net 8took (f0 9 #aigd ) !        
creation ( ,,tcp_/,,ip 7,transmission   
,control ,protocol _/ ,int]net          
,protocol7 by ,v9ton ,c]f & ,bob ,kahn1 
fifte5 ye>s be=e ! inv5tion ( ! web4    
,a new m$ium  ,! int]net exp&$ z a      
network l9k+ ,u4,s4 gov]nm5tal ag5cies1 
univ]sities & rese>* c5t]s1 be=e spread+
 worldwide 9 #aihc4  ,! int]net got its 
fir/ boo/ 9 #aiij ) ! inv5tion ( ! web  
by ,tim ,b]n]s-,lee1 & its second boo/ 9
 #aiic ) ! release ( ,mosaic1 ! fir/    

br[s] = ! g5]al public4  ,v9ton ,c]f    
f\nd$ ! ,int]net ,society 7,,isoc7 9    
#aiib to promote ! developm5t ( !       
int]net z a m$ium t 0 becom+ "p ( our   
lives4 ,:5 int]view$ by ! ,fr5* daily   
,libration on #af ,janu>y #aiih1 he     
expla9$ t ! int]net 0 do+ two ?+s4 ,l   
books1 x c\ld accumulate k4 ,b1 m       
importantly1 x pres5t$ k 9 a way t      
connect$ x ) o!r in=mation :]eas1 9 a   
book1 in=mation /ay$ isolat$4  ,because 
! web 0 easy to use ) hyp]l9ks go+ f "o 
docum5t to ! next1 ! int]net c\ld n[ be 
us$ by anyone1 & n only by comput]      
lit]ate us]s4 ,!re 7 #ajj million       
int]net us]s 9 ,decemb] #aiig1 ) "o     
million new us]s p] mon?1 & #cjj million
 us]s 9 ,decemb] #bjjj4   ,a worldwide  
expansion  ,nor? ,am]ica 0 lead+ ! way 9
 comput] sci5ce & communication         
te*nology1 ) significant fund+ & *eap   
comput]s comp>$ to ,europe4 ,a          
connection to ! int]net 0 mu* *eap] too4
  ,9 "s ,european c\ntries1 int]net us]s
 ne$$ to surf ! web at night 7includ+ ! 

au?or ( ^! l9es71 :5 phone rates by !   
m9ute 7 *eap]1 to cut _! exp5ses4 ,9    
late #aiih & e>ly #aiii1 "s us]s 9      
,france1 ,g]many & ,italy laun*$ a      
movem5t to boycott ! int]net "o day p]  
week1 z a way to =ce int]net provid]s & 
phone companies to set up a special     
mon?ly rate4 ,?is action paid (f1 &     
provid]s began to (f] int]net rates4  ,9
 summ] #aiii1 ! numb] ( int]net us]s    
liv+ outside ! ,u4,s4 rea*$ #ej4  ,9    
summ] #bjjj1 ! numb] ( int]net us]s hav+
 a "m tongue o!r ?an ,engli% also rea*$ 
#ej1 & w5t on /eadily increas+ !n4      
,accord+ to /ati/ics regul>ly publi%$ on
 ! website ( ,global ,rea*1 a m>ket+    
consultancy promot+ int]nationalization 
& localization1 !y 7 #eb4e 9 summ]      
#bjja1 #eg 9 ,decemb] #bjja1 #ei4h 9    
,april #bjjb1 #fd4d 9 ,septemb] #bjjc   
7includ+ #cd4i non- ,engli%-speak+      
,europeans & #bi4d ,asians71 & #fd4b 9  
,m>* #bjjd 7includ+ #cg4i               
non-,engli%-speak+ ,europeans & #cc     
,asians74  ,broadb& became ! norm ov] ! 

ye>s4 ,jean-,paul1 webma/] ( ! hyp]m$ia 
website cotres4net1 summ>iz$ ?+s 9      
,janu>y #bjjg3 8,i feel t we are        
exp]i5c+ a #8float+' p]iod betwe5 !     
h]oic ages1 :5 we 7 mov+ =w>d :ile wait+
 = ! te*nology to cat* up1 & ! future1  
:5 high-spe$ broadb& w unlea% =ces t j  
beg9 to move1 = n[ only 9 games40   ,!  
int]net ( ! future  ,! int]net ( !      
future c\ld be a 8p]vasive0 network     
all[+ u to connect 9 any place & at any 
"t on any device ?r\gh a s+le omnipres5t
 network4  ,! concept ( a 8p]vasive0    
network 0 develop$ by ,rafi ,haladjian1 
f\nd] ( ! ,european company ,ozone1 :o  
expla9$ on its website 9 #bjjg t 8! new 
wave w\ld affect ! physical _w1 our real
 environm5t1 our daily life 9 e mom5t4  
,we w n access ! network any m1 we w    
live 9 x4 ,! future compon5ts ( ?is     
network 7wir$ p>ts1 non wir$ p>ts1      
op]ators7 w be transp>5t to ! f9al us]4 
,! network w always be op51 provid+ a   
p]man5t connection any:]e4 ,x w also be 
agno/ic 9 t]ms ( applications1 z a      

network bas$ on ! int]net protocols     
!mselves40 ,we d look =w>d to ?is4  ,z =
 ! cont5t ( ! int]net1 ,timo?y ,le>y1 a 
vision>y writ]1 describ$ x 9 #aiid 9 8  
book 8,*aos  ,cyb] ,culture0 z gigantic 
glass t[]s conta9+ ! :ole _w in=mation1 
) free access1 ?r\gh ! cyb]space1 n only
 to all books1 b also to all pictures1  
all movies1 all ,,tv %[s1 & all o!r     
data4 ,9 #bjaa1 we are n !re yet1 b we  
are gett+ !re4    #aiij  ,,! ,,inv5tion 
,,( ,,! ,,web   ,summ>y ,! ,_w ,wide    
,web 0 inv5t$ 9 #aiij by ,tim           
,b]n]s-,lee at ,,c]n 7,european ,c5t] = 
,nucle> ,rese>*1 t lat] became !        
,european ,organization = ,nucle>       
,rese>*71 ,g5eva1 ,switz]l&4 ,9 #aihi1  
,tim ,b]n]s-,lee network$ docum5ts us+  
hyp]text4 ,9 #aiij1 he develop$ ! fir/  
,,http 7,hyper,text ,transf] ,protocol7 
s]v] & ! fir/ web br[s]4 ,9 #aiia1 ! web
 0 op]ational & radically *ang$ ! way p 
7 us+ ! int]net4 ,hyp]text l9ks all[$ u 
to move f "o textual or visual docum5t  
to ano!r ) a simple click ( ! m\se4     

,in=mation became int]active1 ?us m     
attractive to _m us]s4 ,lat] on1 ?is    
int]activity 0 fur!r enhanc$ ) hyp]m$ia 
l9ks t c\ld l9k texts & images ) video &
 s\nd4 ,! ,_w ,wide ,web ,consortium    
7,w#c;,c7 0 f\nd$ 9 ,octob] #aiid to    
develop protocols = ! web4  999999  ,!  
,_w ,wide ,web 0 inv5t$ 9 #aiij by ,tim 
,b]n]s-,lee1 a rese>*] at ,,c]n         
7,european ,c5t] = ,nucle> ,rese>*71    
,g5eva1 ,switz]l&1 :o made ! int]net    
accessible to all4   ,h[ ! web />t$  ,9 
#aihi1 ,tim ,b]n]s-,lee network$        
docum5ts us+ hyp]text4 ,9 #aiij1 he     
develop$ ! fir/ ,,http 7,hyper,text     
,transf] ,protocol7 s]v] & ! fir/ web   
br[s]4 ,9 #aiia1 ! web 0 op]ational &   
made ! int]net accessible to all4       
,hyp]text l9ks all[$ u to move f "o     
textual or visual docum5t to ano!r ) a  
simple click ( ! m\se4 ,in=mation became
 int]active1 ?us m attractive to _m     
us]s4 ,lat] on1 ?is int]activity 0 fur!r
 enhanc$ ) hyp]m$ia l9ks t c\ld l9k     
texts & images ) video & s\nd4          

,develop$ by ,,ncsa 7,national ,c5t] =  
,sup]comput+ ,applications7 at !        
,univ]sity ( ,ill9ois 7,,usa7 &         
di/ribut$ free ( *>ge 9 ,novemb] #aiic1 
,mosaic 0 ! fir/ br[s] = ! g5]al public1
 & contribut$ greatly to !  developm5t (
 ! web4 ,9 e>ly #aiid1 "p ( ! ,mosaic   
team migrat$ to ! ,netscape             
,communications ,corporation to develop 
a new br[s] call$ ,netscape ,navigator4 
,9 #aiie1 ,micros(t laun*$ its own      
br[s]1 ! ,int]net ,explor]4 ,o!r br[s]s 
7 laun*$ !n1 l ,op]a & ,saf>i1 ,apple's 
br[s]4  ,! ,_w ,wide ,web ,consortium   
7,w#c;,c7 0 f\nd$ 9 ,octob] #aiid to    
develop int]op]able te*nologies         
7specifications1 guidel9es1 s(tw>e1 o!r 
tools7 = ! web1 = example specifications
 = m>kup languages 7,,html1 ,,xml &     
o!rs74 ,x also act$ z a =um = in=mation1
 comm]ce1 communication & collective    
und]/&+4 ,9 #aiih1 ! section            
,int]nationalization_/,localization gave
 access to "s protocols = creat+ a      
multil+ual website3 ,,html1 base "* set1

 new tags & attributes1 ,,http1 language
 negotiation1 ,u,r,ls & o!r id5tifi]s   
includ+ non-,,ascii *>act]s1 etc4   ,tim
 ,b]n]s-,lee's dream  ,pi]re ,ruets*i1 a
 j\rnali/ = ! ,swiss daily 8,tribune de 
,g5ve01 ask$ ,tim ,b]n]s-,lee on #bj    
,decemb] #aiig3 ,sev5 ye>s lat]1 are y  
satisfi$ ) ! way ! web has evolv$84 ,he 
answ]$ t1 if he 0 pleas$ ) ! ri*ness &  
div]sity ( in=mation1 ! web /ill lack$ !
 p[] plann$ 9 its orig9al design4 ,he   
w\ld l ! web to be m int]active1 & p to 
be able to create in=mation toge!r1 & n 
only to be in=mation consum]s4 ,! web 0 
suppos$ to become a m$ium =             
collaboration1 a _w ( k t we %>e4  ,9 an
 essay po/$ on 8 webpage1 ,tim          
,b]n]s-,lee wrote 9 ,may #aiih3 ,! dream
 beh9d ! web is ( a common in=mation    
space 9 :i* we communicate by %>+       
in=mation4 ,its univ]sality is ess5tial3
 ! fact t a hyp]text l9k c po9t to      
any?+1 be x p]sonal1 local or global1 be
 x draft or highly poli%$4 ,!re 0 a     
second "p ( ! dream1 too1 dep5d5t on !  

web be+ s g5]ally us$ t x became a      
reali/ic mirror 7or 9 fact ! prim>y     
embodim5t7 ( ! ways 9 :i* we "w & play &
 socialize4 ,t 0 t once ! /ate ( our    
int]actions 0 onl9e1 we c\ld !n use     
comput]s to help u analyze x1 make s5se 
( :at we are do+1 :]e we individually   
fit 91 & h[ we c bett] "w toge!r4       
7exc]pt f ,! ,_w ,wide ,web3 ,a v %ort  
p]sonal hi/ory7   ,! web #b4j  ,accord+ 
to ,netcraft1 a company track+ data on !
 int]net1 ! numb] ( websites w5t f "o   
million 7,april #aiig7 to #aj million   
7,febru>y #bjjj71 #bj million 7,septemb]
 #bjjj71 #cj million 7,july #bjja71 #dj 
million 7,april #bjjc71 #ej million     
7,may #bjjd71 #fj million 7,m>* #bjje71 
#gj million 7,augu/ #bjje71 #hj million 
7,april #bjjf71 #ij million 7,augu/     
#bjjf7 & #ajj million 7,novemb] #bjjf71 
) a gr[+ numb] ( p]sonal websites &     
blogs4  ,! t]m 8web #b4j0 0 inv5t$ 9    
#bjjd by ,tim ,o',reilly1 a publi%] (   
comput] books1 z a title = a s]ies (    
conf]5ces he 0 organiz+4 ,! web #b4j may

 beg9 to answ] ,tim ,b]n]s-,lee's dream 
z a web bas$ on community & %>+1 ) _m   
collaborative projects across bord]s &  
languages4  ,fifte5 ye>s aft] ! inv5tion
 ! web1 ,wir$ /at$ 9 its ,augu/ #bjje   
issue t less ?an half ( ! web 0         
comm]cial1 ) ! o!r half be+ run by      
passion4 ,z = ! int]net1 accord+ to !   
,fr5* daily ,le ,monde dat$ #ai ,augu/  
#bjje1 its ?ree p[]s -- ubiquity1 v>iety
 & int]activity -- made its pot5tial use
 quasi inf9ite4  ,rob]t ,be>d1 a        
language tea*] at ,bucknell ,univ]sity1 
,p5nsylvania1 & ! f\nd] ( ,a ,web (     
,onl9e ,diction>ies 9 #aiie1 wrote z    
e>ly z ,septemb] #aiih3 ,! web w be an  
encyclop$ia ( ! _w by ! _w = ! _w4 ,!re 
w be no in=mation or k t anyone ne$s t w
 n be available4 ,! major h9drance to   
int]national & int]p]sonal und]/&+1     
p]sonal & in/itutional enhancem5t1 w be 
remov$4 ,x w\ld take a wild] imag9ation 
?an m9e to pr$ict ! effect ( ?is        
developm5t on ! nature ( humank9d4      
#aiia  ,,f ,,ascii ,,to ,,unicode       

,summ>y ,us$ s9ce ! beg9n+ ( comput+1   
,,ascii 7,am]ican ,/&>d ,code =         
,in=mation ,int]*ange7 is a #g-;bit cod$
 "* set = in=mation int]*ange 9 ,engli%4
 ,x 0 publi%$ 9 #aifc by ,,ansi         
7,am]ican ,national ,/&>ds ,in/itute74  
,) ! int]net spread+ worldwide1 to      
communicate 9 ,engli% 7& ,lat97 0 n     
en\gh anymore4 ,! acc5t$ *>act]s (      
sev]al ,european languages & *>act]s (  
"s o!r languages 7 tak5 into acc\nt f   
#aihf onw>ds ) #h-;bit v>iants (        
,,ascii1 also call$ ext5d$ ,,ascii1 t   
provid$ sets ( #bef *>act]s4 ,b problems
 7 n ov] until ! publication ( ,unicode 
9 ,janu>y #aiia z a new univ]sal encod+ 
sy/em4 ,unicode provid$ a unique numb] =
 e "*1 no matt] :at ! plat=m1 no matt]  
:at ! program1 no matt] :at ! language1 
& c\ld h&le #fe1jjj *>act]s or          
ideograms4  999999  ,) ! int]net spread+
 worldwide1 ! use ( ,,ascii & ext5d$    
,,ascii 0 n en\gh anymore1 ?us ! ne$ to 
take into acc\nt all languages )        
,unicode1 ^: fir/ v]sion 0 publi%$ 9    

,janu>y #aiia4  ,us$ s9ce ! beg9n+ (    
comput+1 ,,ascii 7,am]ican ,/&>d ,code =
 ,in=mation ,int]*ange7 is a #g-;bit    
cod$ "* set = in=mation int]*ange 9     
,engli% 7& ,lat974 ,x 0 publi%$ 9 #aifc 
by ,,ansi 7,am]ican ,national ,/&>ds    
,in/itute74 ,! #g-;bit pla9 ,,ascii1    
also call$ ,pla9 ,vanilla ,,ascii1 is a 
set ( #abh *>act]s ) #ie pr9table       
unacc5t$ *>act]s 7,a-,z1 a-z1 numb]s1   
punctuation & basic symbols71 ! ones t  
are available on ! ,am]ican _/ ,engli%  
keybo>d4  ,) comput] te*nology spread+  
outside ,nor? ,am]ica1 ! acc5t$ *>act]s 
( sev]al ,european languages & *>act]s (
 "s o!r languages 7 tak5 into acc\nt f  
#aihf onw>ds ) #h-;bit v>iants (        
,,ascii1 also call$ ext5d$ ,,ascii1 t   
provid$ sets ( #bef *>act]s4  ,brian    
,k+1 director ( ! ,world,wide ,language 
,in/itute 7,,wwli71 expla9$ 9 ,septemb] 
#aiih3 8,comput] te*nology has          
traditionally be5 ! sole doma9 ( a      
'te*ie' elite1 flu5t 9 bo? complex      
programm+ languages & 9 ,engli%  -- !   

univ]sal language ( sci5ce & te*nology4 
,comput]s 7 nev] design$ to h&le writ+  
sy/ems t c\ldn't be translat$ into      
,,ascii4 ,!re wasn't mu* room = any?+   
o!r ?an ! #bf lett]s ( ! ,engli%        
alphabet 9 a cod+ sy/em t orig9ally     
c\ldn't ev5 recognize acute acc5ts &    
umlauts  -- n to m5tion non-alphabetic  
sy/ems l ,*9ese4 ,b tradition has be5   
turn$ upside d[n4 ,te*nology has be5    
popul>iz$4 7'''7  ,an ext5sion ( 7local7
 popul>ization is ! export ( in=mation  
te*nology ar\nd ! _w4 ,popul>ization has
 n[ occurr$ on a global scale & ,engli% 
is no long] necess>ily ! l+ua franca ( !
 us]4 ,p]haps !re is no true l+ua       
franca1 b only ! individual languages ( 
! us]s4 ,"o ?+ is c]ta9  -- x is no     
long] necess>y to und]/& ,engli% to use 
a comput]1 nor x is necess>y to h a     
degree 9 comput] sci5ce4 ,a pull f non- 
,engli%-speak+ comput] us]s & a pu% f   
te*nology companies compet+ = global    
m>kets has made localization a fa/ gr[+ 
area 9 s(tw>e & h>dw>e developm5t4 ,?is 

developm5t has n be5 z fa/ z x c\ld h   
be54 ,! fir/ /ep 0 = ,,ascii to become  
ext5d$ ,,ascii4 ,?is meant t comput]s   
c\ld beg9 to />t recogniz+ ! acc5ts &   
symbols us$ 9 v>iants ( ! ,engli%       
alphabet  -- mo/ly us$ by ,european     
languages4 ,b only "o language c\ld be  
display$ on a page at a "t4 74447  ,!   
mo/ rec5t developm5t 9 #aiih is         
,unicode4 ,al?\gh /ill evolv+ & only j  
be+ incorporat$ into ! late/ s(tw>e1 ?is
 new cod+ sy/em translates ea* "* into  
#af bits4 ,:]eas #h-;bit ext5d$ ,,ascii 
c\ld only h&le a maximum ( #bef *>act]s1
 ,unicode c h&le ov] #fe1jjj unique     
*>act]s & !re=e pot5tially accommodate  
all ( ! _w's writ+ sy/ems on ! comput]4 
,s n[ ! tools are m or less 9 place4 ,!y
 are /ill n p]fect1 b at la/ we c surf !
 web 9 ,*9ese1 ,japanese1 ,korean1 &    
num]\s o!r languages t don't use !      
,we/]n alphabet4 ,z ! int]net spreads to
 p>ts ( ! _w :]e ,engli% is r>ely us$   
-- su* z ,*9a1 = example1 x is natural t
 ,*9ese1 & n ,engli%1 w be ! pref]r$    

*oice = int]act+ ) x4 ,= ! majority ( ! 
us]s 9 ,*9a1 _! "m tongue w be ! only   
*oice4  ,fir/ publi%$ 9 ,janu>y #aiia1  
,unicode provides a unique numb] = e "*1
 no matt] :at ! plat=m1 no matt] :at !  
program1 no matt] :at ! language 7exc]pt
 f ! website74 ,?is d\ble-byte          
plat=m-indep5d5t encod+ provides a basis
 = ! process+1 /orage & int]*ange ( text
 data 9 any language4 ,unicode is       
ma9ta9$ by ! ,unicode ,consortium1 ) its
 v>iants ,,utf- #h1 ,,utf-#af &         
,,utf-#cb 7,,utf3 ,unicode ,trans=mation
 ,=mat71 & is a compon5t ( !            
specifications ( ! ,_w ,wide ,web       
,consortium 7,w#c;,c74 ,unicode has     
replac$ ,,ascii = text files on ,w9d[s  
plat=ms s9ce #aiih4  ,unicode surpass$  
,,ascii on ! int]net 9 ,decemb] #bjjg4  
#aiib  ,,homes ,,= ,,electronic ,,texts 
,summ>y ,! fir/ homes = electronic texts
 7 ! ,etext ,ar*ives1 f\nd$ 9 #aiib by  
,paul ,s\?wor?1 & ! ,e-,z9e-,li/1 f\nd$ 
9 #aiic by ,john ,labovitz1 among o!rs4 
,! fir/ electronic texts 7 mo/ly        

political4 ,!y 7 foll[$ by electronic   
z9es also cov]+ cultural topics1 & n    
t>get$ t[>ds a mass audi5ce1 at lea/    
dur+ ! fir/ ye>s4 ,! ,etext ,ar*ives1   
ho/$ on ! website ( ! ,univ]sity (      
,mi*igan1 7 home to electronic texts (  
all k9ds1 f ! sacr$ to ! pr(ane1 & f !  
political to ! p]sonal1 )\t judg+ _!    
cont5t4 ,! ,e-,z9e-,li/ 0 a directory ( 
e-z9es ar\nd ! _w1 accessible via ,,ftp1
 goph]1 email1 ! web & o!r s]vices4 ,!  
li/ 0 updat$ mon?ly4 #c1jde z9es 7 li/$ 
9 ,novemb] #aiih4 ,john wrote on its    
website3 ,n[ ! e-z9e _w is diff]5t4     
7'''7 ,ev5 ! t]m 'e-z9e' has be5 co-opt$
 by ! comm]cial _w1 & has come to mean  
ne>ly any type ( publication di/ribut$  
electronically4 ,yet !re is /ill !      
orig9al1 indep5d5t fr+e1 :o cont9ue to  
publi% f _! he>t1 or pu% ! b\nd>ies (   
:at we call a 'z9e'4  999999  ,! fir/   
homes = electronic texts 7 ! ,etext     
,ar*ives1 f\nd$ 9 #aiib by ,paul        
,s\?wor?1 & ! ,e-,z9e-,li/1 f\nd$ 9     
#aiic by ,john ,labovitz1 among o!rs4   

,! fir/ electronic texts 7 mo/ly        
political4 ,!y 7 foll[$ by electronic   
z9es1 t also cov]$ cultural topics4     
,:at exactly is a z9e8 ,john ,labovitz  
expla9$ on its website3 ,= ^? ( y n     
acqua9t$ ) ! z9e _w1 'z9e' is %ort =    
ei!r 'fanz9e' or 'magaz9e'1 dep5d+ on   
y\r po9t ( view4 ,z9es are g5]ally      
produc$ by "o p]son or a small gr\p ( p1
 done (t5 = fun or p]sonal reasons1 &   
t5d to be irrev]5t1 biz>re1 &_/or       
esot]ic4 ,z9es are n 'ma9/ream'         
publications  -- !y g5]ally d n conta9  
adv]tisem5ts 7except1 sometimes1        
adv]tisem5ts = o!r z9es71 are n t>get$  
t[>ds a mass audi5ce1 & are g5]ally n   
produc$ to make a pr(it4 ,an 'e-z9e' is 
a z9e t is di/ribut$ p>tially or solely 
on electronic networks l ! int]net4   ,!
 ,etext ,ar*ives  ,! ,etext ,ar*ives 7  
f\nd$ 9 #aiib by ,paul ,s\?wor?1 & ho/$ 
on ! website ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan4 
,!y 7 home to electronic texts ( all    
k9ds1 f ! sacr$ to ! pr(ane1 & f !      
political to ! p]sonal1 )\t judg+ _!    

cont5t4  ,!re 7 six sections 9 #aiih3   
7a7 ,e-z9es3 electronic p]iodicals f !  
pr(essional to ! p]sonal2 7b7 ,politics3
 political z9es1 essays1 & home pages ( 
political gr\ps2 7c7 ,fiction3          
publications ( amateur au?ors2 7d7      
,religion3 ma9/ream & (f-beat religi\s  
texts2 7e7 ,poetry3 an eclectic mix (   
mo/ly amateur poetry2 & 7f7 ,qu>tz3 !   
ar*ive =m]ly ho/$ at qu>tz4rutg]s4edu4  
,z recall$ on ! website ! same ye>3 ,!  
web 0 j a glimm] 9 #aiib1 goph] 0 ! new 
hot te*nology1 & ,,ftp 0 /ill ! /&>d    
in=mation retrieval protocol = ! va/    
majority ( us]s4 ,! orig9 ( ! project   
has caus$ num]\s p to associate x ) !   
,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan1 al?\gh 9 fact !re
 has nev] be5 an (ficial relation%ip & !
 project is support$ entirely by        
volunte] labor & contributions4 ,!      
equipm5t is :olly own$ by ! project     
ma9ta9]s4 ,! project 0 />t$ 9 response  
to ! lack ( organiz$ ar*iv+ ( political 
docum5ts1 p]iodicals & discussions      
dissem9at$ via ,us5et on newsgr\ps su* z

 alt4activism1                          
misc4activism4progressive1 &            
alt4society4an>*y4 ,!                   
alt4politics4radical-left gr\p came lat]
 & 0 also a sub/antial s\rce ( bo?      
mat]ials & regul> contributors4 ,n long 
!reaft]1 electronic z9es 7e-z9es7 began 
_! rapid prolif]ation on ! int]net1 & x 
0 cle> t ^! mat]ials suff]$ f ! same    
lack ( coord9at$ collection &           
pres]vation1 n to m5tion ! fact t ! l9es
 betwe5 e-z9es 7:i* at ! "t 7 mo/ly     
relat$ to hack+1 phreak+1 & int]net     
an>*ism7 & political mat]ials on !      
int]net 7 fuzzy en\gh t mo/ e-z9es fit !
 orig9al mission ( ,! ,etext ,ar*ives4  
,"o ?+ l$ to ano!r1 & e-z9es ( all k9ds 
-- _m on v>i\s cultural topics unrelat$ 
to politics  -- invad$ ! ar*ives 9      
significant volume4   ,! ,e-,z9e-,li/   
,! ,e-,z9e-,li/ 0 f\nd$ by ,john        
,labovitz 9 summ] #aiic z a directory ( 
e-z9es ar\nd ! _w1 accessible via ,,ftp1
 goph]1 email1 ! web1 & o!r s]vices4 ,! 
li/ 0 updat$ mon?ly4  ,h[ did !         

,e-,z9e-,li/ beg98  ,on ! website1 ,john
 expla9$ he orig9ally want$ to publicize
 ! pr9t z9e ,cra% by mak+ an electronic 
v]sion ( x4 ,look+ = directories1 he    
only f\nd ! discussion gr\p alt4z9es &  
ar*ives l ,! ,well & ,! ,etext ,ar*ives4
 ,!n came ! idea ( an organiz$          
directory4 ,he began ) twelve tiles li/$
 manually 9 a ^w processor4 ,!n he wrote
 8 own database4  #c1jde z9es 7 li/$ 9  
,novemb] #aiih4 ,john wrote on !        
website3 ,n[ ! e-z9e _w is diff]5t4 ,!  
numb] ( e-z9es has increas$ a           
hundr$fold1 crawl+ out ( ! ,,ftp & goph]
 woodworks to decl>+ !mselves wor?y ( _!
 own doma9 "n1 ev5 ask+ = f9ancial      
support ?r\gh adv]tis+4 ,ev5 ! t]m      
'e-z9e' has be5 co-opt$ by ! comm]cial  
_w1 & has come to mean ne>ly any type ( 
publication di/ribut$ electronically4   
,yet !re is /ill ! orig9al1 indep5d5t   
fr+e1 :o cont9ue to publi% f _! he>t1 or
 pu% ! b\nd>ies ( :at we call a 'z9e'4  
,aft] ma9ta9+ ! li/ dur+ ye>s1 ,john    
pass$ ! tor* to o!rs4    #aiic  ,,!     

,,onl9e ,,books ,,page   ,summ>y ,f\nd$ 
9 #aiic by ,john ,m>k ,ock]bloom :5 he 0
 a /ud5t at ,c>negie ,mellon ,univ]sity 
7,,cmu1 ,pittsburgh1 ,p5nsylvania71 !   
,onl9e ,books ,page is a website t      
facilitates access to books t are freely
 readable ov] ! int]net4 ,john ,m>k     
,ock]bloom fir/ ma9ta9$ ?is page on !   
website ( ! ,s*ool ( ,comput] ,sci5ce ( 
,c>negie ,mellon ,univ]sity4 ,9 #aiii1  
he mov$ x at ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania
 ,libr>y1 aft] be+ hir$ z a digital     
libr>y plann] & rese>*]4 ,! ,onl9e      
,books ,page (f]$ l9ks to #ab1jjj books 
9 #aiii1 #bj1jjj books 9 #bjjc 7includ+ 
#d1jjj books publi%$ by wom571 #be1jjj  
books 9 #bjjf1 #cj1jjj books 9 #bjjh    
7includ+ #g1jjj books f ,project        
,gut5b]g7 & #ce1jjj books 9 #bjaj4      
999999  ,9 #aiic1 ,john ,m>k ,ock]bloom 
creat$ ,! ,onl9e ,books ,page z 8a      
website t facilitates access to books t 
are freely readable ov] ! int]net40  ,! 
web 0 /ill 9 its infancy1 ) ,mosaic z   
its fir/ br[s]4 ,john ,m>k ,ock]bloom 0 

a graduate /ud5t at ! ,s*ool ( ,comput] 
,sci5ce 7,,cs7 ( ,c>negie ,mellon       
,univ]sity 7,,cmu1 ,pittsburgh1         
,p5nsylvania74  ,five ye>s lat]1 9      
,septemb] #aiih1 ,john ,m>k wrote3 ,i 0 
! orig9al webma/] "h at ,,cmu ,,cs1 &   
/>t$ our local web 9 #aiic4 ,! local web
 includ$ pages po9t+ to v>i\s locally   
develop$ res\rces1 & orig9ally ,! ,onl9e
 ,books ,page 0 j "o ( ^! pages1 conta9+
 po9t]s to "s books put onl9e by "s ( ! 
p 9 our dep>tm5t4 7,rob]t ,/ockton _h   
made web v]sions ( "s ( ,project        
,gut5b]g's texts47 ,aft] a :ile1 p />t$ 
ask+ ab\t books at o!r sites1 & ,i      
notic$ t a numb] ( sites 7n j ,gut5b]g1 
b also ,wiretap & "s o!r places7 _h     
books onl9e1 & t x w\ld be useful to h  
"s li/+ ( all ( !m1 s t y c\ld g to "o  
place to d[nload or view books f all ov]
 ! net4 ,s t's h[ my index got />t$4  ,i
 ev5tually gave up ! webma/] job 9      
#aiif1 b kept ,! ,onl9e ,books ,page1   
s9ce by !n ,i'd gott5 v int]e/$ 9 !     
great pot5tial ! net _h = mak+ lit]ature

 available to a wide audi5ce4 ,at ?is   
po9t !re are s _m books go+ onl9e t ,i h
 a h>d "t keep+ up4 ,b ,i hope to keep  
up my onl9e books works 9 "s =m or      
ano!r4 ,i am v excit$ ab\t ! pot5tial ( 
! int]net z a mass communication m$ium 9
 ! com+ ye>s4 ,i'd also l to /ay        
involv$1 "o way or ano!r1 9 mak+ books  
available to a wide audi5ce = free via !
 net1 :e!r ,i make ?is explicitly "p (  
my pr(essional c>e]1 or :e!r ,i j d x z 
a sp>e-"t volunte]4  ,9 #aiih1 !re 0 an 
index ( #g1jjj books t c\ld be br[s$ by 
au?or1 title or subject4 ,!re 7 also    
po9t]s to significant directories &     
ar*ives ( onl9e texts1 & to special     
exhibits4  ,z /at$ on ! website at ! "t3
 ,along ) books1 ,! ,onl9e ,books ,page 
is also n[ li/+ major ar*ives ( s]ials  
7su* z magaz9es1 publi%$ j\rnals1 &     
newspap]s7 744474 ,s]ials c be at lea/ z
 important z books 9 libr>y rese>*4     
,s]ials are (t5 ! fir/ places t new     
rese>* & s*ol>%ip appe>4 ,!y are s\rces 
= fir/h& acc\nts ( contempor>y ev5ts &  

comm5t>y4 ,!y are also (t5 ! fir/ 7&    
sometimes ! only7 place t quality       
lit]ature appe>s4 7,= ^? :o might /ill  
quibble ab\t s]ials be+ li/$ on a 'books
 page'1 back issues ( s]ials are (t5    
b\nd & reissu$ z h>db\nd 'books'47  ,9  
#aiii1 aft] graduat+ f ,c>negie ,mellon 
) a ,ph4,d4 9 comput] sci5ce1 ,john ,m>k
 0 hir$ z a digital libr>y plann] &     
rese>*] at ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania  
,libr>y4 ,he also mov$ ,! ,onl9e ,books 
,page !re1 kept x z cle> & simple1 & w5t
 on exp&+ x4  ,! ,onl9e ,books ,page    
(f]$ l9ks to #ab1jjj books 9 #aiii1     
#bj1jjj books 9 #bjjc 7includ+ #d1jjj   
books publi%$ by wom571 #be1jjj books 9 
#bjjf1 #cj1jjj books 9 #bjjh 7includ+   
#g1jjj books f ,project ,gut5b]g7 &     
#ce1jjj books 9 #bjaj4 ,! books h be5   
au?or$1 plac$ onl9e1 & ho/$ by a wide   
v>iety ( individuals & gr\ps ?r\gh\t !  
_w4 ,! ,,faq li/$ copyright in=mation   
ab\t mo/ c\ntries 9 ! _w1 ) l9ks to     
fur!r read+4    #aiic  ,,pdf1 ,,f ,,pa/ 
,,to ,,pres5t   ,summ>y ,f ,cali=nia1   

,adobe laun*$ ,,pdf 7,portable ,docum5t 
,=mat7 9 ,june #aiic1 along ) ,acrobat  
,read] 7free1 to read ,p,d,fs7 & ,adobe 
,acrobat 7= a fee1 to create ,p,d,fs74  
,z /at$ on ! website1 ,,pdf lets y      
capture & view robu/ in=mation f any    
application1 on any comput] sy/em & %>e 
x ) anyone ar\nd ! _w40 ,z ! vet]an     
=mat1 ,,pdf 0 p]fect$ ov] ! ye>s z a    
global /&>d = di/ribution & view+ (     
in=mation4 ,acrobat ,read] 0 available 9
 sev]al languages1 = v>i\s plat=ms      
7,w9d[s1 ,mac1 ,l9ux1 ,palm ,,os1       
,pocket ,,pc1 ,symbian ,,os1 etc471 & = 
v>i\s devices 7comput]1 ,,pda1          
sm>tphone74 ,9 ,may #bjjc1 ,acrobat     
,read] 7#e? v]sion7 m]g$ ) ,acrobat     
e,book ,read] 7#bnd  v]sion7 to become  
,adobe ,read]1 />t+ ) v]sion #f1 :i*    
c\ld read bo? /&>d ,,pdf files & secure 
,,pdf files ( copyright$ books4  999999 
,f ,cali=nia1 ,adobe laun*$ ,,pdf       
7,portable ,docum5t ,=mat7 9 ,june      
#aiic1 along ) ,acrobat ,read] 7free1 to
 read ,p,d,fs7 & ,adobe ,acrobat 7= a   

fee1 to make ,p,d,fs74  ,z /at$ on !    
website1 ,,pdf lets y capture & view    
robu/ in=mation f any application1 on   
any comput] sy/em & %>e x ) anyone ar\nd
 ! _w4 ,individuals1 bus9esses1 &       
gov]nm5t ag5cies ev]y:]e tru/ & rely on 
,adobe ,,pdf to communicate _! ideas &  
vision40  ,z ! vet]an =mat1 ,,pdf 0     
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7,w9d[s1 ,mac1 ,l9ux74  ,9 ,augu/ #bjjj1
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books4  ,acrobat ,read] 0 !n available =
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#cbjjj-a3bjjh4    #aiid  ,,! ,,int]net  

,,z ,a ,,m>ket+ ,,tool   ,summ>y ,"s    
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,,nap 7,national ,academy ,press7 0 !   
fir/ publi%] 9 #aiid to po/ ! full text 
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au?ors' cons5t4 ,x 0 foll[$ by ,,mit    
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use ! web z a m>ket+ tool to sell ! pr9t
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,press7 0 ! fir/ publi%] 9 #aiid to po/ 
! full text ( "s books1 ) ! au?ors'     
cons5t1 z a way to promote _! books     

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publi%+ #bjj new books a ye> 9 sci5ce1  
eng9e]+ & heal?4 ,! publi%] began po/+  
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0 publi%+ #bjj new books p] ye> & #dj   
j\rnals1 9 sci5ce & te*nology1          
ar*itecture1 social !ory1 economics1    
cognitive sci5ce1 & computational       

sci5ce4 ,,mit ,press also decid$ to put 
a numb] ( books onl9e = free1 z a       
long-t]m commitm5t to ! effici5t &      
creative use ( new te*nologies4 ,sales (
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newspap]s l ,! ,new ,york ,times1 ,!    
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,times & ! ,sunday ,times set up a      
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way to create a p]sonaliz$ edition4 ,!  
weekly publication ,! ,economi/ w5t     
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9 ,spa91 & ! weekly ,focus & ,d]        
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pr9t books go+ onl9e a few ye>s lat]1   
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available 9 ! e>ly #aiijs ?r\gh         
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?r\gh subscription 7free or paid71 z    
well z onl9e ar*ives4  ,= example1 ,!   
,new ,york ,times site c\ld be access$  
free ( *>ge1 ) articles ( ! pr9t daily1 
break+ news updat$ e t5 m9utes1 &       
orig9al report+ only available onl9e4 ,!
 site ( ,! ,wa%+ton ,po/ gave ! daily   
news onl9e1 ) a full database (         

articles1 ) images1 s\nd & videos4 ,!   
site ( ,! ,wall ,/reet ,j\rnal 0        
available ) a paid subscription1 )      
#ajj1jjj subscrib]s 9 #aiih4  ,9 !      
,unit$ ,k+dom1 ! daily ,times & !       
,sunday ,times set up a common website  
call$ ,times ,onl9e1 ) a way to create a
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publication ,! ,economi/ w5t onl9e too1 
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! weekly ,focus & ,d] ,spiegel 9        
,g]many4  ,m ?an #c1fjj newspap]s n[    
publi% on ! int]net1 ,eric ,k4 ,mey]    
/at$ 9 an essay publi%$ 9 late #aiig on 
! website ( ,,ajr_/,news,link4 ,a full  
#dc ( all onl9e newspap]s n[ are bas$   
outside ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a ye> ago1    
only #bi ( onl9e newspap]s 7 locat$     
abroad4 ,rapid gr[?1 prim>ily 9 ,canada1
 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 ,norway1 ,brazil &    
,g]many1 has pu%$ ! total numb] (       
non-,u4,s4 onl9e newspap]s to #a1efc4 ,!
 numb] ( ,u4,s4 newspap]s onl9e also has
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#bid onl9e newspap]s1 & ,canada1 ) #bcj1
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t]ritory n[ has at lea/ "o onl9e        
newspap]4 ,ont>io leads ! way ) #ia1    
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 #dc4 ,else:]e 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 ,mexico 
has #ea onl9e newspap]s1 #bc newspap]s  
are onl9e 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica & #cf are   
onl9e 9 ! ,c>ibbean4 ,europe is ! next  
mo/ wir$ cont95t = newspap]s1 ) #gbh    
onl9e newspap] sites4 ,aft] ! ,unit$    
,k+dom1 ,norway has ! next mo/  -- #ec  
-- & ,g]many has #dc4 ,asia 7l$ by      
,india7 has #bbc onl9e newspap]s1 ,s\?  
,am]ica 7l$ by ,bolivia7 has #afa &     
,africa 7l$ by ,s\? ,africa7 has #ec4   
,au/ralia & o!r isl&s h #fd onl9e       
newspap]s4  ,! onl9e v]sions ( newspap]s
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provid$ read]s n only ) news available  
onl9e1 b also ) a :ole encyclop$ia to   
help und]/& !m4 ,! read] c\ld click on  
hyp]l9ks to get maps1 biographies1      

(ficial texts1 political & economic     
data1 photographs1 z well z ! fir/      
attempts 9 audio & video cov]age4 ,!    
read] c\ld also easily access o!r       
articles on ! same topic1 ) se>* eng9es 
sort+ out articles by date1 au?or1 title
 or subject4    #aiie  ,,amazon1 ,a     
,,pione] ,,9 ,,cyb]comm]ce   ,summ>y    
,jeff ,bezos laun*$ ,amazon4com 9 ,july 
#aiie 9 ,seattle1 on ! ,we/ ,coa/1 aft] 
a m>ket /udy :i* l$ him to conclude t   
books 7 ! be/ products to sell on !     
int]net4 ,! onl9e book/ore />t$ ) #aj   
employees & a catalog ( #c million      
books4 ,unlike traditional book/ores1   
,amazon's w9d[s 7 its webpages1 )       
transactions made ?r\gh ! int]net4      
,books 7 /or$ 9 huge /orage facilities  
be=e be+ put into boxes & s5t by mail4  
,9 ,novemb] #bjjj1 ,amazon _h #g1ejj    
employees1 a catalog ( #bh million      
items1 #bc million cli5ts worldwide &   
f\r subsidi>ies 9 ,unit$ ,k+dom 7laun*$ 
9 ,augu/ #aiih71 ,g]many 7,augu/ #aiih71
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7,novemb] #bjjj74 ,a fif? subsidi>y op5$
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subsidi>y1 nam$ ,joyo1 op5$ 9 ,*9a 9    
,septemb] #bjjd4 ,9 ,july #bjje1 = its  
#aj? anniv]s>y1 ,amazon _h #da million  
cli5ts & #i1jjj employees4  999999      
,jeff ,bezos laun*$ ,amazon4com 9 ,july 
#aiie 9 ,seattle1 on ! ,we/ ,coa/1 aft] 
a m>ket /udy :i* l$ him to conclude t   
books 7 ! be/ products to sell on !     
int]net4  ,! onl9e book/ore />t$ ) #aj  
employees & a catalog ( #c million      
books1 i4e4 ! catalog ( books available 
= sale 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,unlike traditional   
book/ores1 ,amazon's w9d[s 7 its        
webpages1 ) transactions made ?r\gh !   
int]net4 ,books 7 /or$ 9 huge /orage    
facilities be=e be+ put into boxes & s5t
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,amazon4com8 ,9 spr+ #aiid1 ,jeff ,bezos
 drew up a li/ ( tw5ty products t c\ld  
be sold onl9e1 rang+ f clo?+ to g>d5+   
tools1 & !n rese>*$ ! top five1 :i* 7   
,c,ds1 videos1 comput] h>dw>e1 comput]  
s(tw>e & books4  ,z recall$ by ,jeff    

,bezos 9 #aiig 9 ,amazon's press kit3 ,i
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crit]ia 0 ! size ( ! relative m>kets4   
,books1 ,i f\nd out1 7 an #hb billion   
m>ket worldwide4 ,! price po9t 0 ano!r  
major crit]ion3 ,i want$ a l[-pric$     
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! range ( *oice3 !re 7 #c million items 
9 ! book category & only a t5? ( t 9    
,c,ds1 = example4 ,?is 0 important      
because ! wid] ! *oice1 ! m ! organiz+ &
 selection capabilities ( ! comput] c\ld
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,int]net ,book/ore 9 ,unit$ ,k+dom1 t 0 
! l>ge/ onl9e book/ore 9 ,europe1       
,amazon4com laun*$ is own ,associates   
,program 9 spr+ #aiig4 ,!re 7 #cj1jjj   
associates 9 spr+ #aiih1 & #fj1jjj      
associates 9 ,june #aiih4  ,z /at$ 9 a  
press release dat$ #h ,june #aiih to    
promote ! program3 ,! ,amazon4com       
,associates ,program all[s website own]s

 to easily p>ticipate 9 hassle-free     
electronic comm]ce by recomm5d+ books on
 _! site & ref]r+ visitors to           
,amazon4com4 ,9 return1 p>ticipants e>n 
ref]ral fees ( up to #ae p]c5t ( ! sales
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onl9e ord]+1 cu/om] s]vice1 & %ipp+ &   
s5ds weekly email sales reports4        
,enrollm5t 9 ! program is free1 &       
p>ticipants c be up & runn+ ! same day4 
,associates range f l>ge & small        
bus9esses to nonpr(its1 au?ors1         
publi%]s1 p]sonal home pages1 & m4 ,!   
popul>ity ( ! program is reflect$ 9 !   
range ( additions to ! ,associates      
,community 9 ! pa/ few mon?s3 ,adobe1   
,info,beat1 ,kemp] ,funds1 ,,pr         
,newswire1 ,travelocity1 ,virtual       
,v9ey>ds1 & ,xoom4  ,p c\ld se>*        
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 subject1 date or ,,isbn4 ,! website    
(f]$ exc]pts f books1 book reviews1     
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c\ld leaf ?r\gh extracts & reviews1 ord]
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,books arriv$ )9 a week at _! door/ep4  
,z an onl9e retail]1 ,amazon c\ld (f]   
l[] prices ?an local book/ores1 a l>g]  
selection1 & a weal? ( product          
in=mation4 ,cu/om]s c\ld subscribe to a 
mail+ li/ to get reviews ( new books by 
_! favorite au?ors1 or new books 9 _!   
favorite topics1 ) #dd topics to *oose  
f4 ,9 #aiih1 ,amazon 0 also sell+ ,c,ds1
 ,d,v,ds1 audio books & comput] games1 )
 #c million cli5ts 9 #afj c\ntries4     
,amazon's ma9 competitor 0 ! onl9e      
book/ore ( ,b>nes  ,noble1 a major      
booksell] ) #dha /ores nationwide 9     
#aiig1 9 #dh /ates out ( #ej1 z well z  
#ebj ,b4 ,dalton /ores 9 %opp+ malls4   
,b>nes  ,noble fir/ laun*$ its ,am]ica  
,on,line 7,,aol7 website 9 ,m>* #aiig1 z
 ! exclusive booksell] = ! #ab million  
,,aol cu/om]s1 be=e laun*+ its own      
website b>nes&noble4com 9 ,may #aiig 9  
p>tn]%ip ) ,b]telsmann 7,b>nes  ,noble  
b\ght ,b]telsmann's portion 7#cf1h7 back
 = #afd million doll>s 9 ,july #bjjc74  
,b>nes  ,noble's site (f]$ significant  

disc\nts3 #cj (f all 9- /ock h>dcov]s1  
#bj (f all 9-/ock pap]backs1 #dj (f     
select titles1 & up to #ij (f b>ga9     
books4 ,its ,affiliate ,network spread  
quickly1 ) #ab1jjj affiliate websites 9 
,may #aiih1 includ+ ,,cnn ,int]active1  
,lycos & ,z,d,net4 ,"o ye> lat]1 ,b>nes 
,noble4com laun*$ a revamp$ website ) a 
bett] design1 an ,express ,lane "o-     
click ord]+1 improv$ book se>*          
capabilities1 &  a new s(tw>e sup]/ore4 
,a fi]ce price w> began ) ,amazon = !   
be/ book disc\nts1 & ,amazon4com came to
 be kn[n z ,amazon4toa/1 :i* didn't la/4
 ,) a two-ye> head />t1 ,amazon /ay$    
ahead 9 ! competition4  ,amazon laun*$  
its e,book,store 9 ,novemb] #bjjj1 ?ree 
mon?s aft] ,b>nes  ,noble1 aft] p>tn]+ 9
 ,augu/ #bjjj ) ,micros(t to sell ebooks
 = ! ,micros(t ,read]1 & ) ,adobe to (f]
 ebooks = ! ,acrobat ,read] & !         
,glassbook ,read]  -- ,adobe _h j b\ght 
,glassbook1 its read] & its digital     
book/ore4 ,9 ,april #bjja1 ,amazon4com  
p>tn]$ aga9 ) ,adobe to include #b1jjj  

copyright$ books = ! ,acrobat e,book    
,read]1 ma9ly titles f major publi%]s1  
travel guides & *ildr5 books4  ,9       
,novemb] #bjjj1 ,amazon _h #g1ejj       
employees1 a catalog ( #bh million      
items1 #bc million cli5ts worldwide &   
f\r subsidi>ies 9 ,unit$ ,k+dom 7laun*$ 
9 ,augu/ #aiih71 ,g]many 7,augu/ #aiih71
 ,france 7,augu/ #bjjj7 & ,japan        
7,novemb] #bjjj74 ,a fif? subsidi>y op5$
 9 ,canada 9 ,june #bjjb1 & a six?      
subsidi>y1 nam$ ,joyo1 op5$ 9 ,*9a 9    
,septemb] #bjjd4 ,9 ,july #bjje1 = its  
#aj? anniv]s>y1 ,amazon _h #i1jjj       
employees & #da million cli5ts4    #aiif
  ,,! ,,int]net ,,ar*ive1 ,,= ,,future  
,,g5]ations   ,summ>y ,f\nd$ 9 ,april   
#aiif by ,brew/] ,kahle 9 ,san          
,francisco1 ,cali=nia1 ! ,int]net       
,ar*ive want$ to (f] a p]man5t access ( 
! web 8?r\gh ! ages0 to pres5t & future 
g5]ations4 ,9 ,octob] #bjja1 ) #cj      
billion /or$ webpages1 ! ,int]net       
,ar*ive laun*$ ! ,wayback ,ma*9e1 =     
int]net us]s ?r\gh\t ! _w to be able to 

surf ! ar*ive ( a giv5 website by date4 
,9 #bjjd1 !re 7 #cjj t]abytes ( data1 ) 
a gr[? ( #ab t]abytes p] mon?4 ,!re 7   
#fe billion webpages 7f #ej million     
websites7 9 #bjjf1 #he billion webpages 
9 #bjjh1 & #aej billion webpages 9 ,m>* 
#bjaj4 ,! ,int]net ,ar*ive has also     
def9$ itself z a nonpr(it digital libr>y
 d$icat$ to provid+ univ]sal access to  
human k1 build+ up an onl9e libr>y (    
text1 audio1 s(tw>e1 image & video      
cont5t4 ,9 ,octob] #bjje1 x laun*$ !    
,op5 ,cont5t ,alliance 7,,oca7 ) a numb]
 ( p>tn] organizations to build a       
univ]sal digital libr>y ( multil+ual    
digitiz$ text & multim$ia cont5t4       
999999  ,f\nd$ 9 ,april #aiif by ,brew/]
 ,kahle1 ! ,int]net ,ar*ive want$ to (f]
 p]man5t access ( ! web 8?r\gh ! ages0  
to pres5t & future g5]ations4  ,z       
expla9$ on ! website at ! "t1 ?r\gh\t   
hi/ory1 societies h s\ght to pres]ve _! 
culture & h]itage = pres5t & future     
g5]ations1 & libr>ies h be5 creat$ to   
pres]ve ! pap] trail ( t culture &      

legacy1 & to facilitate its access to ! 
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poorly 9 ! e>ly #bj? c5tury4 ,_m movies 
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retrieve ! silv] lay]4 ,_m radio or ,,tv
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raison d'tre ( ! ,int]net ,ar*ive1 t has
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to access x4  ,9 ,octob] #bjja1 ) #cj   
billion /or$ webpages1 ! ,int]net       
,ar*ive laun*$ ! ,wayback ,ma*9e1 =     
int]net us]s ?r\gh\t ! _w to be able to 
surf ! ar*ive ( a giv5 website by date4 
,9 #bjjd1 !re 7 #cjj t]abytes ( data1 ) 
a gr[? ( #ab t]abytes p] mon?4 ,!re 7   

#fe billion pages 7f #ej million        
websites7 9 #bjjf1 #he billion pages 9  
#bjjh1 & #aej billion pages 9 ,m>*      
#bjaj4  ,9 late #aiii1 ! ,int]net       
,ar*ive also became an onl9e libr>y (   
text1 audio1 s(tw>e1 image & video      
cont5t1 = example "s books ( ! ,million 
,book ,project 7#aj1ebj books 9 ,april  
#bjje71 films = ! p]iod #aijc-aigc1 live
 conc]ts1 s(tw>e1 sites ab\t ,septemb]  
#aa1 sites ab\t elections1 & sites ab\t 
! web pione]s1 ) all collections freely 
available on ! web4  ,z a side rem>k1 ! 
,million ,book ,project1 also call$ !   
,univ]sal ,libr>y or ,univ]sal ,digital 
,libr>y 7,,udl71 0 laun*$ 9 ,janu>y     
#bjjj by ! ,c>negie ,mellon ,univ]sity  
7,p5nsylvania7 ) ! aim to digitize "o   
million books 9 a numb] ( languages1    
includ+ 9 libr>ies f ,india & ,*9a4 ,!  
project 0 complet$ 9 #bjjg1 ) "o million
 books available on ! univ]sity website1
 z image files 9 ,dj,vu & ,,tiff =mats1 
& ?ree mirror sites 7,india1 ,nor!rn    
,*9a1 ,s\!rn ,*9a74  ,9 ,octob] #bjje1 !

 ,int]net ,ar*ive laun*$ ! ,op5 ,cont5t 
,alliance 7,,oca7 z a gr\p ( cultural1  
te*nology1 non pr(it1 & gov]nm5tal      
organizations1 ) ! aim to build a _w    
public p]man5t ar*ive ( multil+ual      
digitiz$ text & multim$ia cont5t4 ,!    
,,oca />t$ to digitize public doma9     
books ar\nd ! _w1 & to include !m 9 !   
collection ( ! ,int]net ,ar*ive4        
#aiif  ,,libr>ies ,,laun*$ ,,websites   
,summ>y ,! ,hels9ki ,city ,libr>y 9     
,f9l& 0 ! fir/ libr>y to laun* a        
website1 :i* w5t live 9 ,febru>y #aiid4 
,two ye>s lat]1 m & m libr>ies />t$ _!  
own websites z a virtual w9d[ = _!      
patrons & beyond4 ,patrons c\ld *eck    
op5+ h\rs1 br[se ! onl9e catalog1 & surf
 a broad selection ( websites on v>i\s  
topics4 ,libr>ies develop$ digital      
libr>ies alongside _! /&>d collections1 
s t anyone c\ld access _! specializ$1   
old1 local & regional collections1      
includ+ = images & s\nd4 ,libr>ians c\ld
 f9ally fulfill two goals t us$ to be 9 
contradiction3 pres]vation 7on %elves7 &

 communication 7on ! int]net74 ,debates 
7 fi]ce ab\t ! assets ( ! pr9t book     
v]sus ! digital book1 & vice v]sa4      
999999  ,9 ! mid-#aiijs1 libr>ies />t$  
_! own websites z a virtual w9d[ = _!   
patrons & beyond1 ) an onl9e catalog & a
 digital libr>y4  ,9 8 book 8,books 9   
,my ,life01 publi%$ by ! ,libr>y (      
,congress 9 #aihe1 ,rob]t ,d[ns1 a      
libr>ian1 wrote3 ,my lifelong love      
affair ) books & read+ cont9ues         
unaffect$ by automation1 comput]s1 & all
 o!r =ms ( ! tw5tie?-c5tury gadgetry4   
,automation & comput]s 7 foll[$ by !    
int]net 7#aigd7 & ! web 7#aiij71 & eas$ 
! "w ( libr>ians 9 "s way4  ,! ,hels9ki 
,city ,libr>y 9 ,f9l& 0 ! fir/ libr>y to
 laun* a website1 :i* w5t live 9        
,febru>y #aiid4 ,o!r libr>ies />t$ _!   
own websites z a virtual w9d[ = _!      
patrons & beyond4 ,patrons c\ld *eck    
op5+ h\rs1 br[se ! onl9e catalog1 & surf
 on a broad selection ( websites on     
v>i\s topics4  ,libr>ies also develop$  
digital libr>ies alongside _! /&>d      

collections1 s t anyone c\ld access _!  
specializ$1 old1 local & regional       
collections1 includ+ = images & s\nd4   
,libr>ians c\ld f9ally fulfill two goals
 t us$ to be 9 contradiction3           
pres]vation 7on %elves7 & communication 
7on ! int]net74 ,p c\ld n[ leaf ?r\gh   
digital facsimiles1 & access ! orig9al  
books only if necess>y4   ,at ! ,briti% 
,libr>y  ,9 8,in=mation ,sy/ems         
,/rategy01 a docum5t po/$ on ! ,briti%  
,libr>y's website 9 #aiig1 ,brian ,lang1
 *ief executive ( ! libr>y1 /at$3 ,we d 
n envisage an exclusively digital       
libr>y4 ,we are aw>e t "s p feel t      
digital mat]ials w pr$om9ate 9 libr>ies 
( ! future4 ,o!rs anticipate t ! impact 
w be slight4 ,9 ! context ( ! ,briti%   
,libr>y1 pr9t$ books1 manuscripts1 maps1
 music1 s\nd record+s & all ! o!r exi/+ 
mat]ials 9 ! collection w always reta9  
_! c5tral importance1 & we are committ$ 
to cont9u+ to provide1 & to improve1    
access to ^! 9 our read+ rooms4 ,!      
importance ( digital mat]ials w1 h[ev]1 

increase4 ,we recognize t network       
infra/ructure is at pres5t mo/ /rongly  
develop$ 9 ! high] education sector1 b  
!re are signs t simil> facilities w also
 be available else:]e1 p>ticul>ly 9 !   
indu/rial & comm]cial sector1 & = public
 libr>ies4 ,our vision ( network access 
encompasses all ^!4  ,an ext5sive       
,digital ,libr>y ,program 0 expect$ to  
beg9 9 #aiii4 ,z expla9$ by ,brian      
,lang3 ,! developm5t ( ! ,digital       
,libr>y w enable ! ,briti% ,libr>y to   
embrace ! digital in=mation age4        
,digital te*nology w be us$ to pres]ve &
 ext5d ! ,libr>y's unp>allel$           
collection4 ,access to ! collection w   
become b\ndless ) us]s f all ov] ! _w1  
at any "t1 hav+ simple1 fa/ access to   
digitiz$ mat]ials us+ comput] networks1 
p>ticul>ly ! int]net4   ,pr9t book vs4  
digital book  ,debates 7 fi]ce ab\t !   
assets ( ! pr9t book v]sus ! digital    
book1 & vice v]sa4  ,rob]to ,h]nndez    
,montoya1 an editor ( ,v5ezuela         
,analtica1 an electronic magaz9e (f]+ a 

small digital libr>y1 wrote 9 ,septemb] 
#aiih3 ,! pr9t$ text c't be replac$1 at 
lea/ n = ! =eseeable future4 ,! pap]    
book is a trem5d\s 'ma*9e'4 ,we c't leaf
 ?r\gh an electronic book 9 ! same way z
 a pap] book4 ,on ! o!r h&1 electronic  
use all[s u to locate text *a9s m       
quickly4 ,9 a c]ta9 way we c m          
int5sively read ! electronic text1 ev5 )
 ! inconv5i5ce ( read+ on ! scre54 ,!   
electronic book is less exp5sive & c be 
m easily di/ribut$ worldwide 7if we     
don't c\nt ! co/ ( ! comput] & ! int]net
 connection74  ,9 ! ,febru>y #aiif issue
 ( ! ,swiss comput] magaz9e             
,in=matique-,in=mations1 ,pi]re ,p]r\d1 
f\nd] ( ! digital libr>y ,a!na1 expla9$ 
t electronic texts repres5t an          
enc\ragem5t to read+ & a convivial      
p>ticipation to culture dissem9ation1   
p>ticul>ly = textual rese>* & text /udy4
 ,^! texts are a good complem5t to !    
pr9t book1 :i* rema9s irreplaceable :5 =
 'true' read+4 74447 ,! book rema9s a   
my/]i\sly holy companion ) pr(\nd       

symbolism = u3 we grip x 9 our h&s1 we  
hold x aga9/ u1 we look at x )          
admiration2 its small size com=ts u &   
its cont5t impresses u2 its fragility   
conta9s a d5sity we are fasc9at$ by2 l  
man x fe>s wat] & fire1 b x has ! p[] to
 %elt] man's ?\ghts f "t4    #aiif      
,,t[>ds ,a ,,digital ,,k   ,summ>y ,!   
in=mation available 9 books /ays        
8/atic01 :]eas ! in=mation available on 
! int]net is regul>ly updat$1 ?us ! ne$ 
to *ange our relation%ip to k4 ,9 #aiif1
 m & m comput]s connect$ to ! int]net 7 
available 9 s*ools & at home4 ,tea*]s   
began explor+ new ways ( tea*+4 ,go+ f  
pr9t culture to digital culture 0 *ang+ 
! way bo? tea*]s & /ud5ts 7 see+ tea*+ &
 le>n+4 ,pr9t culture provid$ 8/able0   
in=mation :]eas digital culture provid$ 
mov+ in=mation1 ) in=mation be+ regul>ly
 updat$4 ,dur+ a conf]5ce organiz$ by ! 
,int]national ,f$]ation ( ,in=mation    
,process+ 7,,ifip7 9 ,septemb] #aiif1   
,dale ,sp5d]1 a pr(essor & rese>*]1 gave
 a lecture on ,creativity & ! ,comput]  

,education ,indu/ry1 ) insightful       
comm5ts on =?com+ tr5ds4  999999  ,!    
in=mation available 9 books /ays        
8/atic01 :]eas ! in=mation available on 
! int]net is regul>ly updat$1 ?us ! ne$ 
to *ange our relation%ip to k4  ,9      
#aiif1 m & m comput]s connect$ to !     
int]net 7 available 9 s*ools & at home4 
,tea*]s began explor+ new ways ( tea*+4 
,go+ f pr9t culture to digital culture 0
 *ang+ ! way bo? tea*]s & /ud5ts 7 see+ 
tea*+ & le>n+4 ,pr9t culture provid$    
8/able0 in=mation :]eas digital culture 
provid$ mov+ in=mation4  ,dur+ a        
conf]5ce organiz$ by ! ,int]national    
,f$]ation ( ,in=mation ,process+        
7,,ifip7 9 ,septemb] #aiif1 ,dale       
,sp5d]1 a pr(essor & rese>*]1 gave a    
lecture on ,creativity & ! ,comput]     
,education ,indu/ry1 ) insightful       
comm5ts on =?com+ tr5ds4 ,"h are "s     
exc]pts3  ,?r\gh\t pr9t culture1        
in=mation has be5 conta9$ 9 books  -- & 
?is has help$ to %ape our notion (      
in=mation4 ,= ! in=mation 9 books /ays !

 same  -- x endures4 ,& ?is has enc\rag$
 u to ?9k ( in=mation z /able  -- z a   
body ( k :i* c be acquir$1 taught1 pass$
 on1 memoriz$1 & te/$ ( c\rse4 ,! v     
nature ( pr9t itself has fo/]$ a s5se ( 
tru?2 tru? too is some?+ :i* /ays !     
same1 :i* endures4 ,& !re is no d\bt t  
?is /ability1 ?is ord]l9ess1 has be5 a  
major contributor to ! huge successes ( 
! indu/rial age & ! sci5tific           
revolution4 74447  ,b ! digital         
revolution *anges all ?is4 ,sudd5ly x is
 n ! olde/ in=mation  -- ! longe/ la/+  
in=mation t is ! mo/ reliable & useful4 
,x is ! v late/ in=mation t we n[ put ! 
mo/ fai? 9  -- & :i* we w pay ! mo/ =4  
74447  ,education w be ab\t p>ticipat+ 9
 ! production ( ! late/ in=mation4 ,?is 
is :y education w h to be ongo+ ?r\gh\t 
life & "w4 ,e day !re w be some?+ new t 
we w all h to le>n4 ,to keep up4 ,to be 
9 ! "k4 ,to d our jobs4 ,to be memb]s ( 
! digital community4 ,& f> f tea*+ a    
body ( k t w la/ = life1 ! new g5]ation 
( in=mation pr(essionals w be requir$ to

 se>* out1 add to1 critique1 'play )'1 &
 daily update in=mation1 & to make      
available ! con/ant *anges t are        
occurr+4  ,rob]t ,be>d1 a pr(essor at   
,bucknell ,univ]sity1 9 ,lewisburg1     
,p5nsylvania1 wrote 9 ,septemb] #aiih3  
,z a language tea*]1 ! web repres5ts a  
ple?ora ( new res\rces produc$ by !     
t>get culture1 new tools = deliv]+      
lessons 7int]active ,java & ,%ockwave   
ex]cises7 & te/+1 :i* are available to  
/ud5ts any "t !y h ! "t or int]e/  --   
#bd h\rs a day1 #g days a week4 ,x is   
also an almo/ limitless publication     
outlet = my colleagues & ,i1 n to m5tion
 my in/itution4 74447 ,ultimately all   
c\rse mat]ials1 includ+ lecture notes1  
ex]cises1 moot & cr$it te/+1 grad+1 &   
int]active ex]cises w be f> m effective 
9 convey+ concepts t we h n ev5 dream$ (
 yet40  ,russon ,wooldridge1 a pr(essor 
at ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,fr5* ,/udies1         
,univ]sity ( ,toronto1 ,canada1 wrote 9 
,febru>y #bjja3  ,my rese>*1 conduct$   
once 9 an ivory t[]1 is n[ almo/        

exclusively done ?r\gh local or remote  
collaborations4 7'''7 ,all my tea*+     
makes ! mo/ ( int]net res\rces 7web &   
email73 ! two common places = a c\rse   
are ! classroom & ! website ( ! c\rse1  
:]e ,i put all c\rse mat]ials4 ,i h     
publi%$ all my rese>* data ( ! la/ #bj  
ye>s on ! web 7re-edition ( books1      
articles1 texts ( old diction>ies z     
int]active databases1 treaties f ! #af? 
c5tury1 etc474 ,i publi% proce$+s (     
symposiums1 ,i publi% a j\rnal1 ,i      
collaborate ) ,fr5* colleagues by       
publi%+ onl9e 9 ,toronto :at !y c't     
publi% onl9e at home4 ,9 ,may #bjjj1 ,i 
organiz$ an int]national symposium 9    
,toronto ab\t ,fr5* /udies enhanc$ by   
new te*nologies4 74447 ,i realize t )\t 
! int]net ,i w\ldn't h z _m activities1 
or at lea/ !y w\ld be v diff]5t f ! ones
 ,i h today4 ,s ,i don't see ! future   
)\t !m4  ,! ,massa*usetts ,in/itute (   
,te*nology 7,,mit7 (ficially laun*$ its 
,open,course,ware 7,,ocw7 9 ,septemb]   
#bjjc to put its c\rse mat]ials = free  

on ! web1 z a way to promote op5        
dissem9ation ( k4 ,9 ,septemb] #bjjb1 a 
pilot v]sion 0 available onl9e ) #cb    
c\rse mat]ials4 #ejj c\rse mat]ials 7   
available 9 ,m>* #bjjd1 #a1djj c\rse    
mat]ials 9 ,may #bjjf1 & all #a1hjj     
c\rse mat]ials 9 ,novemb] #bjjg1        
regul>ly updat$ !n1 ) "s ( !m translat$ 
into ,spani%1 ,portuguese & ,*9ese ) !  
help ( o!r organizations4 ,,mit also    
laun*$ ! ,open,course,ware ,consortium  
7,,ocw ,consortium7 9 ,novemb] #bjje1 z 
a common project = educational          
in/itutions t 7 will+ to (f] free onl9e 
c\rse mat]ials1 ) ! c\rse mat]ials (    
#ajj univ]sities worldwide "o ye> lat]4 
#aiif  ,,! ,,folio ,,project1 ,a        
,,mobile ,,device ,,= ,,texts   ,summ>y 
,! folio project is a mobile device =   
texts design$ z e>ly z ,octob] #aiif by 
,pi]re ,s*weitz]1 an ar*itect-design]   
liv+ 9 ,/rasb\rg1 ,france4 ,x is meant  
to d[nload & read any text &_/or        
illu/rations f ! web or h>d disk1 9 any 
=mat1 ) no propriet>y =mat & no ,,drm4  

,! te*nology ( folio 0 novel & simple4  
,x is inspir$ f fax & tab file fold]s4  
,! fla% memory is pr9t$ l ,gut5b]g pr9t$
 8 books4 ,! facsimile mode is readable 
z is = any cont5t1 f %eet music to      
ma!matical or *emical =mulas1 ) no      
conv]sion necess>y1 :e!r x is h&writt5  
text1 calligraphy1 free h& draw+ or     
non-alphabetical writ+4 ,an int]national
 pat5t 0 fil$ 9 ,april #bjja4 ,! ,fr5*  
/>t-up i,codex 0 creat$ 9 ,july #bjjb to
 develop & promote ! folio project4     
999999  ,! folio project is a mobile    
device = texts design$ z e>ly z ,octob] 
#aiif by ,pi]re ,s*weitz]1 an           
ar*itect-design] liv+ 9 ,/rasb\rg1      
,france4  ,x is meant to d[nload & read 
any text &_/or illu/rations f ! web or  
h>d disk1 9 any =mat1 ) no propriet>y   
=mat & no ,,drm4  ,! te*nology ( folio 0
 novel & simple4 ,x is inspir$ f fax &  
tab file fold]s4 ,! fla% memory is pr9t$
 l ,gut5b]g pr9t$ 8 books4 ,! facsimile 
mode is readable z is = any cont5t1 f   
%eet music to ma!matical or *emical     

=mulas1 ) no conv]sion necess>y1 :e!r x 
is h&writt5 text1 calligraphy1 free h&  
draw+ or non-alphabetical writ+4 ,all   
?is is difficult if n impossible on a   
comput] or ebook read] 79 ! late #aiijs 
& e>ly #bjjjs74  ,! scre5 ( !           
lightweight prototype takes #hj ( !     
total surface & has l[ p[] consumption4 
,x is surr\nd$ by a transluc5t &        
flexible frame t folds to protect !     
scre5 :5 n 9 use4 folio c\ld be sold =  
,,u #ajj = ! basic /&>d v]sion1 ) v>i\s 
comb9ations ( scre5 sizes & fla% memory 
to fit diff]5t ne$s4  ,intuitive        
navigation all[s to turn pages z easily 
z 9 a pr9t book1 & all[s to sort out &  
se>* docum5ts z easily z ) a tab file   
fold]1 & *oose "o's own pref]5ces =     
m>g9s1 p>agraphs1 font selection & "*   
size4 ,!re are no buttons1 only a r\nd  
trackball adorn$ ) ! _w map 9 black &   
:ite4 ,! trackball c be replac$ ) a long
 & n>r[ tactile pad on ei!r side ( !    
frame4  ,! fla% memory all[s ! d[nload+ 
( ?\s&s ( hyp]text pages1 ei!r previ\sly

 l9k$ be=e d[nload or l9k$ dur+ !       
d[nload4 folio provides an in/ant       
automatic re=matt+ ( docum5ts1 = !m to  
fit ! size ( ! scre54 ,= text files1 no 
s(tw>e is necess>y4 ,= image files1     
,pi]re conceiv$ a re=matt+ s(tw>e call$ 
,mot,mot 7,^w,^w 9 ,fr5*7 :i* c\ld be   
us$ on any o!r device4 ,?is s(tw>e      
receiv$ mu* att5tion f ! ,fr5* ,national
 ,libr>y 7,,bnf3 ,biblio?que ,nationale 
de ,france71 especially = its old books 
7publi%$ be=e #ahab7 & illu/rat$        
manuscripts4  ,an int]national pat5t 0  
fil$ 9 ,april #bjja4 ,! ,fr5* />tup     
i,codex 0 creat$ 9 ,july #bjjb to       
develop & promote ! folio project4  ,to 
?is day1 folio has /ay$ a prototype1    
because ( lack ( fund+ & because ( !    
language b>ri]1 ) only two articles 9   
,engli% 9 #bjjg  -- "o 9 ,project       
,gut5b]g ,news & "o 9 ,tele,read ab\t   
,pi]re ,s*weitz]'s dream  -- = doz5s (  
articles 9 ,fr5*4  ,ev5 ! be/ rese>*]s  
c't d mu* ) no support1 no fund+1 & no  
int]pret] 7f ,fr5* to ,engli%7 to help  

!m get ?r\gh ! language b>ri]4    #aiig 
,,multim$ia ,,conv]g5ce   ,summ>y       
,previ\sly di/9ct in=mation-bas$        
indu/ries1 su* z pr9t+1 publi%+1 graphic
 design1 m$ia1 s\nd record+ & film mak+1
 7 conv]g+ into "o indu/ry1 ) in=mation 
z a common product4 ,?is tr5d 0 nam$    
multim$ia conv]g5ce1 ) a massive loss ( 
jobs1 & a s]i\s en\gh issue to be tackl$
 by ! ,,ilo 7,int]national ,labor       
,organization74 ,! fir/ ,,ilo ,symposium
 on ,multim$ia ,conv]g5ce 0 held 9      
,janu>y #aiig at ! ,,ilo headqu>t]s 9   
,g5eva1 ,switz]l&1 ) employ]s1 unioni/s 
& gov]nm5t repres5tatives f all ov] !   
_w4 ,"s p>ticipants1 mo/ly employ]s1    
demon/rat$ t ! in=mation society 0      
g5]at+ or w\ld g5]ate jobs4 ,o!r        
p>ticipants1 mo/ly unioni/s1 demon/rat$ 
!re 0 a rise 9 unemploym5t worldwide1 t 
%\ld be address$ "r away ?r\gh inve/m5t1
 innovation1 vocational tra9+1 comput]  
lit]acy1 retra9+ & fair labor rights1   
includ+ = telework]s4  999999           
,previ\sly di/9ct in=mation-bas$        

indu/ries1 su* z pr9t+1 publi%+1 graphic
 design1 m$ia1 s\nd record+ & film mak+1
 7 conv]g+ into "o indu/ry1 ) in=mation 
z a common product4  ,?is tr5d 0 nam$   
multim$ia conv]g5ce1 ) a massive loss ( 
jobs1 & a s]i\s en\gh issue to be tackl$
 by ! ,int]national ,labor ,organization
 7,,ilo74   ,a symposium  ,! fir/ ,,ilo 
,symposium on ,multim$ia ,conv]g5ce 0   
held 9 ,janu>y #aiig at ! ,,ilo         
headqu>t]s 9 ,g5eva1 ,switz]l&4         
,employ]s1 unioni/s & gov]nm5t          
repres5tatives f all ov] ! _w came to   
discuss ! ,in=mation ,society1 ! impact 
( ! conv]g5ce process on employm5t & "w1
 & labor relations 9 ! in=mation age4 ,!
 purpose ( ^! debates 0 to /imulate     
reflection on ! policies & approa*es mo/
 apt to prep>e our societies &          
especially our work=ces = ! turbul5t    
transition t[>ds an in=mation economy4  
,z /at$ 9 ! introduction to !           
symposium's proce$+s3 ,today all =ms (  
in=mation  -- :e!r bas$ 9 text1 s\nd or 
images  -- c be conv]t$ into bits &     

bytes = h&l+ by comput]4 ,digitalization
 has made x possible to create1 record1 
manipulate1 comb9e1 /ore1 retrieve &    
transmit in=mation & in=mation-bas$     
products 9 ways :i* magnetic tape1      
celluloid & pap] did n p]mit4           
,digitalization ?us all[s music1 c9ema &
 ! writt5 ^w to be record$ & trans=m$   
?r\gh simil> processes & )\t di/9ct     
mat]ial supports4 ,previ\sly dissimil>  
indu/ries1 su* z publi%+ & s\nd record+1
 n[ bo? produce ,,cd-,r,o,ms r ?an      
simply books & records4  ,multim$ia     
conv]g5ce 0 8creat+ new configurations  
among an ev]- wid5+ range ( indu/ries4  
,! digitalization ( in=mation process+ &
 deliv]y is trans=m+ ! way f9ancial     
sy/ems op]ate1 ! way ent]prises ex*ange 
in=mation int]nally & ext]nally1 & ! way
 individuals "w 9 an increas+ly         
electronic environm5t4  ,9 ! book       
indu/ry1 traditional pr9t+ 0 fir/       
disrupt$ by new photocomposition ma*9es1
 ) l[] co/s4 ,text & image process+     
began to be h&$ ov] to desktop publi%+ &

 graphic art /udios4 ,impression co/s   
w5t on decreas+ ) photocopi]s1 color    
photocopi]s & digital pr9t+4            
,digitization spe$$ up ! editorial      
process1 :i* us$ to be sequ5tial1 by    
all[+ ! copy editor1 ! image editor & ! 
lay\t /aff to "w at ! same "t on ! same 
book4  ,9 ! press indu/ry1 j\rnali/s &  
editors c\ld n[ type 9 _! articles      
onl9e4 ,^! articles w5t directly f text 
to lay\t1 )\t be+ key$ 9 anymore by !   
production /aff4   ,"s contributions    
,"o ( ! p>ticipants ( ! symposium1 ,pet]
 ,leis9k1 an associate pr(essor ( labor 
/udies at ! ,utre*t ,univ]sity1         
,ne!rl&s1 expla9$3 ,a survey ( ! ,unit$ 
,k+dom book publi%+ indu/ry %[$ t       
pro(read]s & editors h be5 ext]naliz$ & 
n[ "w z home-bas$ telework]s4 ,! va/    
majority ( !m _h ent]$ self-employm5t1 n
 z a fir/-*oice option1 b z a result (  
indu/ry m]g]s1 relocations &            
r$undancies4 ,^! p %\ld actually be     
reg>d$ z casualiz$ work]s1 r ?an z self-
 employ$1 s9ce !y h little autonomy &   

t5d to dep5d on only "o publi%+ h\se =  
_! "w4  ,ano!r p>ticipant1 ,mi*el       
,mull]1 secret>y-g5]al ( ! ,fr5*        
,f$]ation ( ,book1 ,pap] &              
,communication ,indu/ry 7,,filpac3      
,fdration des ,indu/ries du ,livre1 du  
,papi] et de la ,communication71 /at$ t1
 9 ,france1 jobs 9 ?is indu/ry fell f   
#aaj1jjj to #ij1jjj 9 t5 ye>s1 f #aihg  
to #aiif1 ) exp5sive social plans to    
re-tra9 & re-employ ! #bj1jjj p :o lo/  
_! jobs4  ,he expla9$ t1 if !           
te*nological developm5ts really creat$  
new jobs1 z _h be5 sugge/$1 !n x might h
 be5 bett] to inve/ ! money 9 reliable  
/udies ab\t :at jobs 7 be+ creat$ & :i* 
ones 7 be+ lo/1 r ?an 9 social plans :i*
 (t5 creat$ artificial jobs4 ,^! /udies 
%\ld highlight ! new skills &           
qualifications 9 dem& z ! te*nological  
conv]g5ce process broke d[n ! b>ri]s    
betwe5 ! pr9t+ indu/ry1 j\rnalism & o!r 
vehicles ( in=mation4 ,ano!r problem    
caus$ by conv]g5ce 0 ! tr5d t[>ds       
own]%ip conc5tration4 ,a few big gr\ps  

controll$ n only ! bulk ( ! pr9t m$ia1 b
 a wide range ( o!r m$ia1 & ?us pos$ a  
?reat to pluralism 9 expression4 ,v>i\s 
tax advantages enjoy$ by ! press today  
%\ld be re-exam9$ & adapt$ to ! new     
realities fac+ ! press & multim$ia      
ent]prises4 ,manag+ all ! social &      
societal issues rais$ by new te*nologies
 requir$ widespread agreem5t & cons5sus4
 ,collective agreem5ts 7 vital1 s9ce    
nei!r individual negotiations nor !     
m>ket alone c\ld suffici5tly settle ^!  
matt]s4  ,a ?ird p>ticipant1 ,walt]     
,durl+1 director ( ,,at,t ,global       
,in=mation ,solutions 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1
 _h q !oretical words ab\t ! matt]3     
,te*nology w\ld n *ange ! core ( human  
relations4 ,m sophi/icat$ means (       
communicat+1 new me*anisms = negotiat+1 
& new types ( conflicts w\ld all arise1 
b ! relation%ips betwe5 work]s &        
employ]s !mselves w\ld cont9ue to be !  
same4 ,:5 film 0 inv5t$1 p _h be5 afraid
 t x c\ld br+ !atre to an end4 ,t has n 
happ5$4 ,:5 television 0 develop$1 p _h 

fe>$ t x w\ld d away c9emas1 b x _h n4  
,"o %\ld n be afraid ( ! future4 ,fe> ( 
! future %\ld n lead u to /ifle         
creativity ) regulations4 ,creativity 0 
ne$$ to g5]ate new employm5t4 ,! _s (   
ent]prise _h to be re9=c$ ) ! new       
te*nology 9 ord] to create jobs = ^? :o 
_h be5 displac$4 ,problems %\ld n be    
anticipat$1 b tackl$ :5 !y arose4 ,9    
%ort1 humanity %\ldn't fe> te*nology4   
,job creation vs4 lay-(f  ,9 fact1      
employees 7 n s mu* afraid ( te*nology z
 !y 7 afraid ( los+ _! jobs4 ,9 #aiif1  
unemploym5t 0 already significant 9 any 
field1 :i* 0 n ! case :5 film &         
television 7 inv5t$4  ,:at w\ld be !    
balance betwe5 job creation & lay-(f 9 !
 ne> future8 ,unions 7 /ruggl+ worldwide
 to promote ! creation ( jobs ?r\gh     
inve/m5t1 innovation1 vocational tra9+1 
comput] lit]acy1 retra9+ = new jobs 9   
digital te*nology1 fair conditions =    
labor contracts & collective agreem5ts1 
def5se ( copyright = ! re-use ( articles
 f ! pr9t m$ia to ! web1 protection (   

work]s 9 ! arti/ic field1 & def5se (    
telework]s z work]s hav+ full rights4   
,despite unions' ef=ts1 w\ld ! situation
 become z tragic z sugge/$ 9 a note ( ! 
symposium's proce$+s8 ,"s fe> a future 9
 :i* individuals w be =c$ to /ruggle =  
survival 9 an electronic jungle4 ,& !   
survival me*anisms :i* h be5 develop$ 9 
rec5t decades1 su* z relatively /able   
employm5t relations1 collective         
agreem5ts1 employee repres5tation1      
employ]- provid$ job tra9+1 & jo9tly    
fund$ social security s*emes1 may be    
sorely te/$ 9 a _w :]e "w crosses bord]s
 at ! spe$ ( light4    #aiig  ,a        
,,portal ,,= ,,european ,,national      
,,libr>ies   ,summ>y ,gabriel  -- an    
acronym = ,gateway & ,bridge to         
,europe's ,national ,libr>ies  -- 0     
laun*$ z a common portal giv+ access to 
! int]net s]vices ( p>ticipat+ libr>ies4
 ,! ,gabriel project 0 conceiv$ dur+ !  
#aiid ,,c5l 7,conf]5ce ( ,european      
,national ,libr>ians7 meet+ 9 ,oslo1    
,norway1 z an common electronic bo>d )  

updates ab\t ongo+ int]net projects4    
,ano!r meet+ took place 9 ,m>* #aiie )  
repres5tatives f ! national libr>ies 9 !
 ,ne!rl&s1 ,unit$ ,k+dom & ,f9l&1 :o    
laun*$ a pilot project & 7 jo9$ !n by ! 
national libr>ies 9 ,g]many1 ,france &  
,pol&4 ,a fir/ ,gabriel website 0 laun*$
 9 ,septemb] #aiie4 ,dur+ ! #aiif ,,c5l 
meet+ 9 ,lisbon1 ,portugal1 ,gabriel    
became an (ficial ,,c5l website1 ) a new
 tril+ual 7,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man7      
portal laun*$ 9 ,janu>y #aiig4  999999  
,gabriel -- an acronym = ,gateway &     
,bridge to ,europe's ,national ,libr>ies
 -- 0 laun*$ 9 ,janu>y #aiig z a common 
portal giv+ access to ! int]net s]vices 
( ! p>ticipat+ libr>ies4  ,z /at$ on its
 website3 ,gabriel also recalls ,gabriel
 ,naud1 ^: ',advis p\r dress] une       
biblio?que' 7,p>is1 #afbg7 is "o ( !    
e>lie/ !oretical works ab\t libr>ies 9  
any ,european language & provides a     
bluepr9t = ! great mod]n rese>* libr>y4 
,! "n ,gabriel is common to _m ,european
 languages & is d]iv$ f ! ,old ,te/am5t1

 :]e ,gabriel appe>s z "o ( ! ar*angels 
or heav5ly mess5g]s4 ,he also appe>s 9 a
 simil> role 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t & !      
,qu'ran4  ,9 #aiih1 ,gabriel (f]$ l9ks  
to ! int]net s]vices ( #ch p>ticipat+   
national libr>ies 7,albania1 ,au/ria1   
,belgium1 ,bulg>ia1 ,croatia1 ,cze*     
,republic1 ,d5m>k1 ,e/onia1 ,f9l&1      
,france1 ,g]many1 ,greece1 ,hung>y1     
,icel&1 ,irel&1 ,italy1 ,latvia1        
,lie*t5/e91 ,li?uania1 ,luxemb\rg1      
,mac$onia1 ,malta1 ,ne!rl&s1 ,norway1   
,pol&1 ,portugal1 ,romania1 ,russia1    
,san ,m>9o1 ,slovakia1 ,slov5ia1 ,spa91 
,sw$51 ,switz]l&1 ,turkey1 ,unit$       
,k+dom1 ,vatican ,city74 ,^! l9ks l$ to 
,o,p,a,cs 7,op5 ,public ,access         
,catalogs71 national bibliographies1    
national union catalogs1 indexes =      
p]iodicals1 web s]v]s & goph]s1 ) a     
section = common ,european projects4    
,h[ did ,gabriel beg98 ,dur+ ! #aiid    
,,c5l annual meet+ 9 ,oslo1 ,norway1 x 0
 sugge/$ t national libr>ies %\ld set up
 a common electronic bo>d ) updates ab\t

 _! ongo+ int]net projects4             
,repres5tatives f ! national libr>ies 9 
! ,ne!rl&s 7,kon9klijke ,biblio!ek71    
,unit$ ,k+dom 7,briti% ,libr>y7 & ,f9l& 
7,hels9ki ,univ]sity ,libr>y7 met 9 ,m>*
 #aiie 9 ,! ,hague1 ,ne!rl&s1 to laun* !
 pilot ,gabriel project4 ,!y 7 jo9$ !n  
by ! national libr>ies 9 ,g]many        
7,deuts*e ,biblio!k71 ,france           
7,biblio?que ,nationale de ,france7 &   
,pol& 7,biblioteka ,n>od[a74 ,gabriel   
w\ld describe _! s]vices & collections1 
:ile seek+ to attract o!r national      
libr>ies into ! project4  ,! orig9al    
,gabriel website 0 laun*$ 9 ,septemb]   
#aiie4 ,x 0 ma9ta9$ by ! ,briti% ,libr>y
 ,network ,s]vices & mirror$ on ! s]v]s 
( ! national libr>ies 9 ! ,ne!rl&s &    
,f9l&4 ,9 ,novemb] #aiie1 o!r national  
libr>ies 7 invit$ to submit entries     
describ+ _!  s]vices & collections1 aft]
 !y laun*$ _! own websites & onl9e      
catalogs4 ,! numb] ( p>ticipat+ libr>ies
 exp&$4  ,dur+ ! #aiif ,,c5l annual     
meet+ 9 ,lisbon1 ,portugal1 x 0 decid$ t

 ,gabriel w\ld become an (ficial ,,c5l  
website 9 ,janu>y #aiig4  ,! new        
tril+ual 7,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man7       
,gabriel portal 0 ma9ta9$ by ! national 
libr>y 9 ! ,ne!rl&s 7,kon9klijke        
,biblio!ek71 & mirror$ on ! s]v]s ( f\r 
o!r national libr>ies1 9 ,unit$ ,k+dom1 
,f9l&1 ,g]many & ,slov5ia4  ,:at ab\t   
public libr>ies8 ,accord+ to 8,int]net &
 ! ,libr>y ,sph]e01 a docum5t available 
on ! website ( ! ,european ,commission1 
#a1jjj public libr>ies f #bf ,european  
c\ntries _h _! own websites 9 ,decemb]  
#aiih4 ,! websites rang$ f "o webpage ) 
a po/al address & op5+ h\rs to a full   
website ) access to ! libr>y's ,,opac4  
,! lead+ c\ntries 7 ,f9l& 7#bdg         
libr>ies71 ,sw$5 7#acb libr>ies71 ,unit$
 ,k+dom 7#aab libr>ies71 ,d5m>k 7#ajg   
libr>ies71 ,g]many 7#ajb libr>ies71     
,ne!rl&s 7#gb libr>ies71 ,li?uania 7#ea 
libr>ies71 ,spa9 7#ef libr>ies7 &       
,norway 7#de libr>ies74 ,russia _h a    
common website = #bf public ref]5ce     
libr>ies4 ,newcom]s 7 ! ,cze* ,republic 

7#bi libr>ies7 & ,portugal 7#c          
libr>ies74  ,z = ,gabriel's fate1 !     
portal m]g$ 9 summ] #bjje ) ! ,european 
,libr>y's website 7creat$ by ,,c5l 9    
,janu>y #bjjd7 to (f] a common portal = 
! #dc ,european national libr>ies4      
,europeana1 ! ,european digital libr>y1 
0 laun*$ ?ree ye>s lat]1 9 ,novemb]     
#bjjh1 ) two million docum5ts4          
,europeana (f]$ #f million docum5ts 9   
,m>* #bjaj1 & #aj million docum5ts on a 
revamp$ website 9 ,septemb] #bjaj4      
#aiig  ,e ,,ink1 ,,an ,,electronic ,,ink
 ,,te*nology   ,summ>y ,9 ,april #aiig1 
rese>*]s at ! ,,mit ,m$ia ,lab 7,,mit3  
,massa*usetts ,in/itute ( ,te*nology7   
f\nd$ ! company ,e ,ink to develop an   
electronic ink te*nology4 ,v briefly 7& 
n s well7 expla9$1 ! te*nology 0 !      
foll[+ "o3 caught betwe5 two %eets (    
flexible pla/ic1 millions (             
micro-capsules1 ea* ( !m conta9+ black &
 :ite p>ticles1 are 9 susp5sion 9 a cle>
 fluid4 ,a positive or negative electric
 field indicates ! desir$ gr\p (        

p>ticles on ! surface1 to view1 modify  
or delete data4 ,! fir/ scre5 us+ ?is   
te*nology 0 available z a prototype 9   
,july #bjjb1 & m>ket$ 9 #bjjd4 ,o!r     
scre5s foll[$ = v>i\s ebook read]s      
7,libri1 ,sony ,read]1 ,cybook1 ,k9dle1 
,nook1 etc471 z well z prototypes (     
flexible displays ann\nc+ ! =?com+      
electronic pap]4  999999  ,9 ,april     
#aiig1 rese>*]s at ! ,,mit ,m$ia ,lab   
7,,mit3 ,massa*usetts ,in/itute (       
,te*nology7 f\nd$ ! company ,e ,ink to  
develop an electronic ink te*nology4  ,!
 fir/ scre5 us+ ?is te*nology 0         
available z a prototype 9 ,july #bjjb1 &
 m>ket$ 9 #bjjd4 ,o!r scre5s foll[$ =   
v>i\s ebook read]s 7,libri1 ,sony       
,read]1 ,cybook1 ,k9dle1 ,nook1 etc471 z
 well z prototypes ( flexible displays  
ann\nc+ ! =?com+ electronic pap]4  ,z   
expla9$ on ! company's website3         
,electronic ink is a propriet>y mat]ial 
t is process$ into a film = integration 
into electronic displays4 ,al?\gh       
revolution>y 9 concept1 electronic ink  

is a /raight=w>d fusion ( *emi/ry1      
physics & electronics to create ?is new 
mat]ial4 ,! pr9cipal compon5ts (        
electronic ink are millions ( t9y       
microcapsules1 ab\t ! diamet] ( a human 
hair4 ,9 "o inc>nation1 ea* microcapsule
 conta9s positively *>g$ :ite p>ticles &
 negatively *>g$ black p>ticles susp5d$ 
9 a cle> fluid4 ,:5 a negative electric 
field is appli$1 ! :ite p>ticles move to
 ! top ( ! microcapsule :]e !y become   
visible to ! us]4 ,?is makes ! surface  
appe> :ite at t spot4 ,at ! same "t1 an 
opposite electric field pulls ! black   
p>ticles to ! bottom ( ! microcapsules  
:]e !y are hidd54 ,by rev]s+ ?is        
process1 ! black p>ticles appe> at ! top
 ( ! capsule1 :i* n[ makes ! surface    
appe> d>k at t spot4 ,to =m an ,e ,ink  
electronic display1 ! ink is pr9t$ onto 
a %eet ( pla/ic film t is lam9at$ to a  
lay] ( circuitry4 ,! circuitry =ms a    
patt]n ( pixels t c !n be controll$ by a
 display driv]4 ,^! microcapsules are   
susp5d$ 9 a liquid 'c>ri] m$ium' all[+  

!m to be pr9t$ us+ exi/+ scre5 pr9t+    
processes onto virtually any surface1   
includ+ glass1 pla/ic1 fabric & ev5     
pap]4 ,ultimately electronic ink w p]mit
 mo/ any surface to become a display1   
br++ in=mation out ( ! conf9es (        
traditional devices & into ! _w ar\nd u4
  ,,lcd scre5s ( ebook read]s 7 replac$ 
by ,e ,ink scre5s4 ,laun*$ 9 ,april     
#bjjd by ,sony 9 ,japan1 ! ,libri 0 !   
fir/ ebook read] ) a #f-;in* ,e ,ink    
scre54 ,laun*$ 9 ,octob] #bjjf 9 !      
,u4,s41 ! ,sony ,read] _h a ,e ,ink     
scre5 t gave 8an excell5t read+ exp]i5ce
 v close to t ( real pap]1 mak+ x v easy
 go+ on ! eyes 7,mike ,cook1 editor (   
epub,books4com74 ,! ,sony ,read] 0 !n   
available 9 ,canada1 ,unit$ ,k+dom1     
,g]many & ,france1 ) v>i\s models4 ,!   
,cybook ,g5#c laun*$ by ,booke5 9 ,july 
#bjjg1 ! ,k9dle laun*$ by ,amazon 9     
,novemb] #bjjg1 & ! ,nook laun*$ by     
,b>nes  ,noble 9 ,novemb] #bjji also _h 
,e ,ink scre5s4  ,ano!r display         
te*nology 0 ! gyricon1 develop$ s9ce    

#aiig by ,,p>c 7,palo ,alto ,rese>*     
,c5t]71 ! ,x]ox c5t] 9 ,silicon ,valley1
 ,cali=nia4 ,9 ,decemb] #bjjj1 "s       
rese>*]s at ,,p>c f\nd$ ! company       
,gyricon ,m$ia to m>ket ! ,smart,paper1 
an electronic pap] bas$ on ! gyricon    
te*nology4 ,v briefly 7& n s well7      
expla9$1 ! te*nology 0 ! foll[+ "o3 9   
betwe5 two %eets ( flexible pla/ic1     
millions ( micro-cells conta9 two-tone  
7black & :ite7 beads susp5d$ 9 a cle>   
liquid4 ,ea* bead has an electric *>ge4 
,an ext]nal electrical pulse makes !    
balls rotate & *ange color1 to display1 
modify1 or delete data4 ,9 #bjjd1       
,gyricon ,m$ia began m>ket+ comm]cial   
adv]tis+1 = example small po/]s runn+ on
 batt]ies4 ,! company end$ its          
activities 9 #bjje1 ) ,r,d activities   
go+ on at ,x]ox4  ,ano!r project has be5
 develop$ by ! company ,pla/ic ,logic1  
?is "t us+ bo? propriet>y pla/ic        
electronics & ! ,e ,ink ,te*nology4 ,z  
expla9$ on ! company's website 9 #bjji3 
,te*nology = pla/ic electronics on ?9 & 

flexible pla/ic sub/rates 0 develop$ at 
,cambridge ,univ]sity's r5[n$ ,cav5di%  
,laboratory 9 ! #aiijs4 ,9 #bjjj1       
,pla/ic ,logic 0 spun out ( ,cav5di%    
,laboratory to develop a broad range (  
products us+ ! pla/ic electronics       
te*nology4    #aiig  ,,! ,,electronic   
,,be[ulf ,,project   ,summ>y ,"s        
digitiz$ v]sions ( treasures f ! ,briti%
 ,libr>y 7 freely available onl9e 9 !   
late #aiijs4 ,"o ( ! fir/ digitiz$      
treasures 0 ,be[ulf1 ! e>lie/ kn[n      
n>rative poem 9 ,engli%1 & "o ( ! mo/   
fam\s works ( ,anglo-,saxon poetry4 ,!  
,briti% ,libr>y holds ! only kn[n       
manuscript ( ,be[ulf1 dat$ circa #ajjj4 
,brian ,lang1 *ief executive ( ! libr>y1
 expla9$ on ! website3 ,! ,be[ulf       
manuscript is a unique treasure &       
imposes on ! ,libr>y a responsibility to
 s*ol>s ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,digital          
photography (f]$ = ! fir/ "t !          
possibility ( record+ text conceal$ by  
e>ly repairs1 & a less exp5sive & saf]  
way ( record+ read+s "u special light   

conditions4 7'''7 ,?is "w has n only    
advanc$ s*ol>%ip2 x has also captur$ !  
imag9ation ( a wid] public1 engag+ p    
7?r\gh press reports & ! availability   
ov] comput] networks ( select$ images & 
text7 9 ! appreciation ( "o ( ! prim>y  
artefacts ( our %>$ cultural h]itage4   
999999  ,! ,briti% ,libr>y began (f]+   
digitiz$ v]sions ( its treasures1 =     
example ,be[ulf1 ! e>lie/ kn[n n>rative 
poem 9 ,engli% & "o ( ! mo/ fam\s works 
( ,anglo-,saxon poetry4  ,! ,briti%     
,libr>y holds ! only kn[n manuscript (  
,be[ulf1 dat$ circa #ajjj4 ,! poem      
itself is mu* old] ?an ! manuscript  -- 
"s hi/orians believe x might h be5      
writt5 circa #gej4 ,! manuscript 0 badly
 damag$ by fire 9 #agca4 #ah?-c5tury    
transcripts m5tion$ hundr$s ( words &   
*>act]s :i* 7 !n visible along ! *>r$   
edges1 & subsequ5tly crumbl$ away ov] ! 
ye>s4 ,to halt ?is process1 ea* leaf 0  
m\nt$ on a pap] frame 9 #ahde4  ,z      
expla9$ on ! website ( ! ,briti%        
,libr>y1 s*ol>ly discussions on ! date (

 creation & prov5ance ( ! poem cont9u$  
ar\nd ! _w1 & rese>*]s regul>ly requir$ 
access to ! manuscript4 ,tak+ ,be[ulf   
out ( its display case = /udy n only    
rais$ cons]vation issues1 x also made x 
unavailable = ! _m visitors :o 7 com+ to
 ! ,briti% ,libr>y expect+ to see ?is   
lit]>y treasure on display4             
,digitization ( ! manuscript (f]$ a     
solution to ^! problems1 z well z       
provid+ new opportunities = rese>*]s &  
read]s worldwide4  ,! ,electronic       
,be[ulf ,project 0 laun*$ z a database (
 digital images ( ! ,be[ulf manuscript1 
z well z relat$ manuscripts & pr9t$     
texts4 ,9 #aiih1 ! database includ$ !   
fib]-optic read+s ( hidd5 *>act]s &     
ultra-violet read+s ( eras$ text 9 !    
manuscript2 ! full electronic facsimiles
 ( ! #ah?-c5tury transcripts ( !        
manuscript2 & selections f ! ma9 #ai?-  
c5tury collations1 editions &           
translations4  ,major additions to !    
database 7 plann$ = ! foll[+ ye>s1 su* z
 images ( contempor>y manuscripts1 l9ks 

to ! ,toronto ,diction>y ( ,old ,engli% 
,project1 & l9ks to ! compreh5sive      
,anglo-,saxon bibliographies ( ! ,old   
,engli% ,newslett]4  ,! database project
 0 develop$ 9 p>tn]%ip ) two lead+      
exp]ts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,kev9 ,ki]nan1
 f ! ,univ]sity ( ,k5tucky1 & ,paul     
,sz>ma*1 f ! ,m$ieval ,in/itute ( ,we/]n
 ,mi*igan ,univ]sity4 ,kev9 ,ki]nan     
edit$ ! electronic ar*ive & sup]vis$ !  
mak+ ( a ,,cd-,,rom ) ! ma9 electronic  
images4  ,brian ,lang1 *ief executive ( 
! ,briti% ,libr>y1 expla9$ on its       
website3 ,! ,be[ulf manuscript is a     
unique treasure & imposes on ! ,libr>y a
 responsibility to s*ol>s ?r\gh\t ! _w4 
,digital photography (f]$ = ! fir/ "t ! 
possibility ( record+ text conceal$ by  
e>ly repairs1 & a less exp5sive & saf]  
way ( record+ read+s "u special light   
conditions4 ,x also (f]s ! prospect (   
us+ image enhancem5t te*nology to settle
 d\btful read+s 9 ! text4 ,network      
te*nology has facilitat$ direct         
collaboration ) ,am]ican s*ol>s & makes 

x possible = s*ol>s ar\nd ! _w to %>e 9 
^! discov]ies4 ,curatorial & comput+    
/aff le>n$ a great deal :i* w in=m any  
future programmes ( digitization &      
network s]vice provision ! ,libr>y may  
und]take1 & our publi%+ dep>tm5t is     
consid]+ ! publication ( an electronic  
s*ol>ly edition ( ,be[ulf4 ,?is "w has n
 only advanc$ s*ol>%ip2 x has also      
captur$ ! imag9ation ( a wid] public1   
engag+ p 7?r\gh press reports & !       
availability ov] comput] networks (     
select$ images & text7 9 ! appreciation 
( "o ( ! prim>y artefacts ( our %>$     
cultural h]itage4   ,o!r treasures ( !  
,briti% ,libr>y  ,o!r digitiz$ treasures
 ( ! ,briti% ,libr>y 7 available onl9e z
 well1 = example ,magna ,c>ta1 ! fir/   
,engli% con/itutional text1 sign$ 9     
#abae1 ) ! ,great ,seal ( ,k+ ,john2 !  
,l9disf>ne ,gospels1 dat$ #fih2 !       
,diamond ,sutra1 dat$ #hfh1 sometimes   
ref]r$ to z ! _w's e>lie/ pr9t book2 !  
,s=za ,h\rs1 a ,r5aissance treasure dat$
 #adij-aebj2 ! ,codex ,arundel1 ) notes 

by ,leon>do ,da ,v9ci f #adgh to #aeah2 
& ! ,tyndale ,new ,te/am5t1 z ! fir/    
,engli% translation ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1  
pr9t$ 9 #aebf by ,pet] ,s*oeff] 9       
,worms1 ,g]many4  ,9 ,novemb] #bjjj1 !  
,briti% ,libr>y releas$ a digitiz$      
v]sion ( ! orig9al ,gut5b]g ,bible on   
its website4 ,gut5b]g pr9t$ its ,bible 9
 #aded 9 ,ma9z1 ,g]many1 p]haps pr9t+   
#ahj copies1 ) #dh copies /ill available
 9 #bjjj1 & two full copies at ! ,briti%
 ,libr>y4 ,a little diff]5t f ea* o!r1  
bo? 7 digitiz$ 9 ,m>* #bjjj by ,japanese
 exp]ts f ,keio ,univ]sity ( ,tokyo &   
,,ntt 7,nippon ,telegraph & ,telephone  
,communications74 ,! images 7 !n        
process$ to (f] a digitiz$ v]sion       
available onl9e a few mon?s lat]1 = ! _w
 to enjoy4   ,g]man r>e pr9ts  ,!       
,bielefeld ,univ]sity ,libr>y 7,biblio!k
 d] ,univ]sitt ,bielefeld7 9 ,g]many    
(f]$ onl9e v]sions ( ,g]man r>e pr9ts4  
,mi*ael ,behr5s1 9 *>ge ( ! digital     
libr>y project1 wrote 9 ,septemb] #aiih3
  ,we />t$ digitiz+ r>e pr9ts f our own 

libr>y1 & "s r>e pr9ts :i* 7 s5t 9 via  
libr>y loan1 9 ,novemb] #aiif4 74447 ,9 
t fir/ phase ( our attempts at          
digitization1 />t+ ,novemb] #aiif & end+
 ,june #aiig1 #ch r>e pr9ts 7 scann$ z  
image files & made available via ! web4 
7'''7 ,! next /ep1 :i* is j be+         
complet$1 is ! digitization ( !         
,b]l9is*e ,monatss*rift1 a ,g]man       
p]iodical f ! ,enlight5m5t1 compris+ #eh
 volumes1 & #b1egd articles on #cj1fbf  
pages4 ,a some:at bigg] digitization    
project ( ,g]man p]iodicals f ! #ah? &  
e>ly #ai? c5tury is plann$4 ,! size w be
 ab\t #a1jjj1jjj pages4 ,^! p]iodicals w
 be n j f ! hold+s ( ?is libr>y1 b !    
project w\ld be coord9at$ "h1 & "s ( !  
te*nical w\ld be done "h1 also4 7,,nef  
,int]view7   ,! ,,artfl ,encyclopdie  ,!
 same ye>1 ! database ( ! fir/ volume   
7#agea7 ( ! ,encyclopdie by ,did]ot &   
d',alemb]t 0 available onl9e z an       
exp]im5t f ,,artfl 7,am]ican & ,fr5*    
,rese>* on ! ,treasury ( ! ,fr5*        
,language71 a common project f ! ,,cnrs 

7,c5tre ,national de la ,re*]*e         
,sci5tifique  -- ,national ,sci5tific   
,rese>* ,c5t]7 9 ,france & ! ,univ]sity 
( ,*icago 9 ,ill9ois4 ,?is onl9e        
exp]im5t 0 a fir/ /ep t[>ds a full onl9e
 v]sion ( ! fir/ edition 7#agea-aggb7 ( 
! ,encyclopdie1 ) #gb1jjj articles      
writt5 by #adj contributors 7,voltaire1 
,r\sseau1 ,m>montel1 d',holba*1 ,turgot1
 & o!rs71 #ag volumes ( text 7) #ah1jjj 
pages &  #ba1g million words7 & #aa     
volumes ( plates4 ,design$ to collect & 
dissem9ate ! entire k ( ! "t1 !         
,encyclopdie 0 a reflection ( !         
intellectual & social curr5ts ( !       
,enlight5m5t1 & contribut$ to dissem9ate
 novel ideas t w\ld inspire ! ,fr5*     
,revolution 9 #aghi4    #aiih           
,,web-,,ext5d$ ,,comm]cial ,,books      
,summ>y ,murray ,suid is a writ] (      
educational books & mat]ial liv+ 9 ,palo
 ,alto1 ,silicon ,valley1 ,cali=nia4 ,he
 has also writt5 books = kids1 multim$ia
 scripts & scre5plays4 ,murray 0 among !
 fir/ au?ors to add a website to 8 books

  -- an idea t _m w\ld soon adopt4 ,he  
expla9$ 9 ,septemb] #aiih3 ,if a book c 
be web-ext5d$ 7liv+ p>tly 9 cyb]space71 
!n an au?or c easily update & correct x1
 :]eas o!rwise ! au?or w\ld h to wait a 
long "t = ! next edition1 if inde$ a    
next edition ev] came out4 74447 ,i d n 
"k if ,i w publi% books on ! web  -- z  
oppos$ to publi%+ pap] books4 ,probably 
t w happ5 :5 books become multim$ia4 7,i
 curr5tly am help+ develop multim$ia    
le>n+ mat]ials1 & x is a =m ( tea*+ t ,i
 l a lot  -- bl5d+ text1 movies1 audio1 
graphics1 &  -- :5 possible  --         
int]activity74  999999  ,murray ,suid1 a
 writ] ( educational books & mat]ial    
bas$ 9 ,palo ,alto1 ,cali=nia1 0 among !
 fir/ au?ors to add a website to 8 books
  -- an idea t _m w\ld soon adopt4      
,murray has also writt5 books = kids1   
multim$ia scripts & scre5plays4 ,he     
expla9$ 9 ,septemb] #aiih3 ,! int]net   
has become my major rese>* tool1 l>gely 
-- b n entirely  -- replac+ !           
traditional libr>y & ev5 replac+        

p]son-to-p]son rese>*4 ,n[1 in/ead (    
phon+ p or int]view+ !m face to face1 ,i
 d x via email4 ,because ( spe$1 x has  
also enabl$ me to collaborate ) p at a  
di/ance1 p>ticul>ly on scre5plays4      
7,i've work$ ) two produc]s 9 ,g]many47 
,also1 digital correspond5ce is s easy  
to /ore & organize1 ,i f9d t ,i h easy  
access to in=mation ex*ang$ ?is way4    
,?us1 email+ facilitates keep+ track (  
ideas & mat]ials4 ,! int]net has        
increas$ my correspond5ce dramatically4 
,l mo/ p1 ,i f9d t email works bett] ?an
 snail mail4 ,my geographic range (     
correspond5ts has also increas$  - -    
ext5d+ ma9ly to ,europe4 ,9 ! old days1 
,i h>dly ev] did transatlantic p5pall+4 
,i also f9d t email+ is s easy1 ,i am   
able to f9d m "t to assi/ o!r writ]s )  
_! "w  -- a k9d ( a virtual writ+ gr\p4 
,?is isn't m]ely altrui/ic4 ,i ga9 a lot
 :5 ,i give fe$back4 ,b be=e ! int]net1 
do+ s 0 m ( an ef=t4  ,h[ ab\t          
web-ext5d$ books8 ,if a book c be       
web-ext5d$ 7liv+ p>tly 9 cyb]space71 !n 

an au?or c easily update & correct x1   
:]eas o!rwise ! au?or w\ld h to wait a  
long "t = ! next edition1 if inde$ a    
next edition ev] came out4 74447 ,i d n 
"k if ,i w publi% books on ! web  -- z  
oppos$ to publi%+ pap] books4 ,probably 
t w happ5 :5 books become multim$ia4 7,i
 curr5tly am help+ develop multim$ia    
le>n+ mat]ials1 & x is a =m ( tea*+ t ,i
 l a lot  -- bl5d+ text1 movies1 audio1 
graphics1 &  -- :5 possible  --         
int]activity74  ,he add$ 9 ,augu/ #aiii3
 ,9 addition to 'web-ext5d+' books1 we  
are n[ web-ext5d+ our multim$ia         
7,,cd-,,rom7 products  -- to update &   
enri* !m4  ,he add$ ,9 ,octob] #bjjj3   
,our company  -- ,e,d,vantage ,s(tw>e   
-- has become an int]net company in/ead 
( a multim$ia 7,,cd-,,rom7 company4 ,we 
deliv] educational mat]ial onl9e to     
/ud5ts & tea*]s4    #aiih  ,a ,,m       
,,re/rictive ,,copyright ,,law   ,summ>y
 ,a major bl[ = digital libr>ies 0 !    
am5dm5t to ! #aigf ,u4,s4 ,copyright    
,act sign$ on #bg ,octob] #aiih1 ea*    

legislation be+ be5 m re/rictive ?an !  
previ\s "o4 ,z expla9$ 9 ,july #aiii by 
,mi*ael ,h>t1 f\nd] ( ,project ,gut5b]g3
 ,no?+ w expire = ano!r #bj ye>s4 ,we   
us$ to h to wait #ge ye>s4 ,n[ x is #ie 
ye>s4 ,& x 0 #bh ye>s 7 a possible      
#bh-ye> ext5sion1 only on reque/7 be=e  
t1 & #ad ye>s 7 a possible #ad-ye>      
ext5sion7 be=e t4 ,s1 z y c see1 ?is is 
a s]i\s degrad+ ( ! public doma91 z a   
matt] ( cont9u+ policy4 ,! copyright w5t
 f an av]age ( #cj ye>s 9 #aiji to an   
av]age ( #ie ye>s 9 #aiih1 ) an ext5sion
 ( #fe ye>s4 ,only a book publi%$ be=e  
#aibc c\ld n[ be consid]$ = sure z      
belong+ to ! public doma9 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,! 
copyright legislation became m          
re/rictive too 9 ! ,european ,union4    
999999  ,a major bl[ = digital libr>ies 
0 ! am5dm5t to ! #aigf ,u4,s4 ,copyright
 ,act sign$ on #bg ,octob] #aiih1 foll[$
 by a m re/rictive legislation too 9 !  
,european ,union4  ,ea* legislation 0 m 
re/rictive ?an ! previ\s "o4 ,z expla9$ 
9 ,july #aiii by ,mi*ael ,h>t1 f\nd] (  

,project ,gut5b]g3 ,no?+ w expire =     
ano!r #bj ye>s4 ,we us$ to h to wait #ge
 ye>s4 ,n[ x is #ie ye>s4 ,& x 0 #bh    
ye>s 7 a possible #bh-ye> ext5sion1 only
 on reque/7 be=e t1 & #ad ye>s 7 a      
possible #ad- ye> ext5sion7 be=e t4 ,s1 
z y c see1 ?is is a s]i\s degrad+ ( !   
public doma91 z a matt] ( cont9u+       
policy4 7'''7 ,no "o has said m aga9/   
copyright ext5sions ?an ,i h1 b         
,hollywood & ! big publi%]s h se5 to x t
 our ,congress won't ev5 m5tion x 9     
public4 ,! k9d ( copyright debate go+ on
 is totally impractical4 ,x is run by & 
= ! ',l&$ ,g5try ( ! ,in=mation ,age4'  
',in=mation ,age'8 ,= :om8  ,john ,m>k  
,ock]bloom1 f\nd] ( ,! ,onl9e ,books    
,page1 wrote 9 ,augu/ #aiii3 ,i ?9k x is
 important = p on ! web to und]/& t     
copyright is a social contract t is     
design$ = ! public good -- :]e ! public 
includes bo? au?ors & read]s4 ,?is means
 t au?ors %\ld h ! "r to exclusive use (
 _! creative works = limit$ times1 z is 
express$ 9 curr5t copyright law4 ,b x   

also means t _! read]s h ! "r to copy & 
reuse ! "w at w once copyright expires4 
,9 ! ,u4,s4 n[1 !re are v>i\s ef=ts to  
take rights away f read]s1 by re/rict+  
fair use1 l5g!n+ copyright t]ms 7ev5 )  
"s proposals to make !m p]petual7 &     
ext5d+ intellectual prop]ty to cov]     
facts sep>ate f creative works 7su* z   
f\nd 9 ! 'database copyright'           
proposals748  ,! %r9k+ ( public doma9   
also affect$ ! ,european ,union1 :]e    
copyright laws w5t f au?or's life  #ej  
ye>s to au?or's life  #gj ye>s1 foll[+  
pressure f cont5t own]s :o successfully 
lobbi$ = h>monization ( national        
copyright laws z a response to          
globalization ( ! m>ket4  ,to regulate !
 copyright ( digital editions 9 ! wake (
 ! relevant ,,wipo int]national treaties
 sign$ 9 #aiif1 ! ,digital ,mill5ium    
,copyright ,act 7,,dmca7 0 ratifi$ 9    
,octob] #aiih 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & !    
,european ,union ,copyright ,directive  
7,,eucd7 0 ratifi$ 9 ,may #bjja by !    
,european ,commission4 ,ea* c\ntry 9 !  

,european ,union 0 reque/$ to draft &   
pass its own legislation )9 a giv5 "t   
frame4 ,9 ,france1 ,,dadvsi 7,droit     
d',auteur et ,droits ,vois9s dans la    
,socit de l',in=mation7 pass$ 9 ,augu/  
#bjjf1 ) ! g5]al public be+ n s happy   
ab\t x4    #aiih  ,,! ,,fir/ ,,ebook    
,,read]s   ,summ>y ,h[ ab\t a book-siz$ 
electronic device t c\ld /ore _m books  
at once8 ,! fir/ ebook read]s 7 develop$
 9 ,silicon ,valley1 ,cali=nia4 ,!      
,rocket e,book 0 laun*$ 9 #aiih 9 ,palo 
,alto by ,nuvo,media1 ^: inve/ors 7     
,b>nes  ,noble & ,b]telsmann4 ,%ortly   
aft]w>ds1 ! ,soft,book ,read] 0 laun*$  
by ,soft,book ,press1 ^: inve/ors 7     
,r&om ,h\se & ,simon  ,s*u/]4 ,^! two   
ebook read]s 7 ! size ( a 7l>ge & ?ick7 
book1 ) batt]ies & a black & :ite ,,lcd 
scre54 ,!y c\ld connect to ! int]net    
?r\gh a comput] 7= ! ,rocket e,book7 or 
directly ) a built-9 modem 7= !         
,soft,book ,read]7 to d[nload books f ! 
digital book/ores available on !        
companies' websites4 ,o!r models foll[$ 

9 #aiii1 = example ! ,every,book ,read]1
 laun*$ by ,every,book1 & ! ,mill5nium  
e,book1 laun*$ by ,librius4 ,! ,gem/>   
e,book 0 laun*$ 9 ! ,u4,s4 9 ,novemb]   
#bjjj4 ,! ,cybook 7#a/ g5]ation7 0 9    
,europe 9 ,janu>y #bjja4  999999  ,h[   
ab\t a book-siz$ electronic device t    
c\ld /ore _m books at once8 ,! fir/     
ebook read]s 7 ! ,rocket e,book & !     
,soft,book ,read]1 laun*$ 9 ,silicon    
,valley 9 #aiih4  ,^! d$icat$ electronic
 read]s 7 ! size ( a 7l>ge & ?ick7 book1
 ) a batt]y1 a black & :ite ,,lcd scre51
 & a /orage capacity ( t5 books or s4   
,!y c\ld connect to ! int]net ?r\gh a   
comput] 7= ! ,rocket e,book7 or directly
 ) a built-9 modem 7= ! ,soft,book      
,read]74  ,!y got mu* att5tion f book   
pr(essionals & ! g5]al public1 ) few (  
!m buy+ !m ?\gh1 because ( _!           
rocket-high price -- sev]al hundr$s (   
doll>s -- & a small *oice ( books 9 !   
digital book/ores available on !        
companies' websites4 ,publi%]s 7 j      
beg9n+ to digitize _! own books1 /ill   

wond]+ h[ to m>ket !m1 & worri$ ) piracy
 conc]ns4   ,! ,rocket e,book  ,!       
,rocket e,book 0 laun*$ 9 #aiih z ! fir/
 d$icat$ ebook read] by ,nuvo,media1 a  
company f\nd$ 9 #aiig 9 ,palo ,alto4 ,! 
inve/ors ( ,nuvo,media 7 ,b>nes  ,noble 
& ,b]telsmann4 ,nuvo,media want$ to     
become ! electronic book di/ribution    
solution1 by provid+ a network+         
infra/ructure = publi%]s1 retail]s & end
 us]s to publi%1 di/ribute1 pur*ase &   
read electronic cont5t securely &       
effici5tly on ! int]net4 ,! ,rocket     
e,book c\ld connect to a comput] 7,,pc  
or ,mac9to%7 ?r\gh ! ,rocket e,book     
,cradle1 a device ) two cables1 a cable 
= p[] ?r\gh a wall trans=m]1 & a s]ial  
cable = ! comput]4   ,! ,soft,book      
,read]  ,%ortly aft]w>ds1 ,soft,book    
,press laun*$ ! ,soft,book ,read]1 along
 ) ! ,soft,book ,network1 8an           
int]net-bas$ cont5t deliv]y s]vice04 ,! 
inve/ors ( ,s(tbook ,press 7 ,r&om ,h\se
 & ,simon  ,s*u/]4 ,) ! ,soft,book      
,read]1 p c\ld easily1 quickly &        

securely d[nload a wide selection (     
books & p]iodicals us+ its built-9      
int]net connection4 ,! device1 unlike a 
comput]1 0 ergonomically design$ = !    
read+ ( long docum5ts & books4   ,o!r   
ebook read]s  ,o!r ebook read]s 7 laun*$
 9 #aiii1 = example ! ,every,book       
,read]1 laun*$ by ,every,book1 & !      
,mill5nium e,book1 laun*$ by ,librius4  
,! ,every,book ,read] 0 a liv+ libr>y 9 
a s+le book1 ) a hidd5 modem to dial    
into ! ,every,book ,/ore1 = p 8to br[se1
 pur*ase1 & receive full text books1    
magaz9es1 & %eet music04  ,! ,mill5nium 
e,book 0 a small l[-co/ ebook read]     
laun*$ by ,librius1 a full s]vice       
e-comm]ce company4 ,on ! company        
website1 a ,_w ,book/ore deliv]$ digital
 copies ( ?\s&s ( books via ! int]net4  
,all ^! ebook read]s didn't la/ long4 ,p
 w\ld h to wait to get ?r\gh ! mill5ium 
to see ! ,gem/> e,book 9 ! ,u4,s4 & !   
,cybook 7#a/ g5]ation7 9 ,europe4   ,!  
,gem/> e,book  ,! ,gem/> e,book 0 laun*$
 9 ,novemb] #bjjj aft] ,gem/> b\ght 9   

,janu>y #bjjj ,nuvom$ia 7au?or ( !      
,rocket e,book7 & ,soft,book ,press     
7au?or ( ! ,soft,book ,read]71 ! two    
companies t creat$ ! fir/ ebook read]s4 
,two v]sions ( ! ,gem/> e,book 7        
available = sale 9 ! ,u4,s41 ! ,,reb    
#aajj 7successor ( ! ,rocket e,book7 ) a
 black & :ite scre51 & ! ,,reb #abjj    
7successor ( ! ,soft,book ,read]7 ) a   
color scre51 bo? produc$ "u ! ,,rca     
label1 belong+ to ,?omson ,multim$ia4   
,gem/> tri$ to laun* !m 9 ,europe too1  
beg9n+ ) ,g]many1 :ile buy+ #jj;h#jj1 a 
,fr5* publi%] ( ebooks1 9 ,septemb]     
#bjjj4 ,9 fall #bjjb1 *eap] ebook read]s
 7 laun*$ z ,,geb #aaej & #baej1 produc$
 by ,gem/> in/ead ( ,,rca4 ,sales 7 /ill
 f> bel[ expectations4 ,! company /opp$ 
sell+ ebook read]s 9 ,june #bjjc1 &     
/opp$ sell+ ebooks ! foll[+ mon?4   ,!  
,cybook  ,! fir/ ,european ebook read]  
didn't "w well ei!r4 ,develop$ by       
,cytale1 a ,fr5* company creat$ by      
,olivi] ,pujol1 ! ,cybook 7#ba x #af cm1
 #a kilo7 0 laun*$ 9 ,janu>y #bjja4 ,its

 memory -- #cb ,m ( ,,sdram & #af ,m (  
fla% memory -- c\ld /ore #ae4jjj pages1 
or #cj books ( #ejj pages4 ,sales 7 f>  
bel[ expectations1 & ,cytale clos$ its  
doors 9 ,july #bjjb4 ,?is model 0 lat]  
r5am$ ,cybook #a/ g5]ation1 wait+ = m   
g5]ations to come4 ,! ,cybook project 0 
tak5 ov] by ,booke51 a company creat$ 9 
#bjjc by ,mi*ael ,dahan & ,laur5t       
,pic>d1 two =m] eng9e]s f ,cytale4 ,!   
,cybook #bnd g5]ation 0 available 9     
,june #bjjd4 ,! ,cybook ,g5#c 7#crd     
g5]ation7 0 available 9 ,july #bjjg1 ) a
 scre5 us+ ! ,e ,ink te*nology4    #aiii
  ,,libr>ians ,,9 ,,cyb]space   ,summ>y 
,to help _! patrons deal ) ! int]net1 to
 select & organize in=mation = !m1 to   
create & ma9ta9 websites1 to *eck       
specializ$ onl9e databases1 & to update 
onl9e catalogs became daily tasks =     
libr>ians4 ,z /at$ 9 ,augu/ #aiii by    
,bruno ,didi]1 webma/] ( ! ,pa/eur      
,in/itute ,libr>y 9 ,p>is1 ,france3 ,our
 relation%ip ) bo? ! in=mation & ! us]s 
has *ang$4 ,we are increas+ly becom+    

m$iators1 & p]haps to a less] ext5t     
'curators'4 ,my pres5t activity is      
typical ( ?is new situation3 ,i am work+
 to provide quick access to in=mation & 
to create effective means (             
communication1 b ,i also tra9 p to use  
^! new tools4 74447 ,i ?9k ! future (   
our job is ti$ to coop]ation & use (    
common res\rces4 ,x is c]ta9ly an old   
project1 b x is really ! fir/ "t we h _h
 ! means to set x up4  999999  ,to help 
_! patrons deal ) ! int]net1 to select &
 organize in=mation = !m1 to create &   
ma9ta9 websites1 to *eck specializ$     
databases & to update onl9e catalogs    
became daily tasks = libr>ians4  ,"h are
 two examples1 ) ,pet] ,raggett at !    
,c5tral ,libr>y ( ,,oecd 7,organisation 
= ,economic ,coop]ation & ,developm5t7 &
 ,bruno ,didi] at ! ,libr>y ( ! ,pa/eur 
,in/itute 9 ,p>is1 ,france4   ,at !     
,,oecd ,c5tral ,libr>y  ,bas$ at !      
,,oecd headqu>t]s 9 ,p>is1 ! ,c5tral    
,libr>y (f]$ #fj1jjj monographs & #b1ejj
 p]iodicals 9 #aiih1 z well z micr(ilms1

 ,,cd-,r,o,ms1 & databases l ,dialog1   
,lexis-,nexis & ,un,cover4 ,! libr>y    
began sett+ up its own webpages 9 #aiif1
 on ! intranet ( ! organization1 9 ord] 
to support ! /aff's rese>* "w4  ,pet]   
,raggett1 deputy-head 7& !n head7 ( !   
,c5tral ,libr>y1 wrote 9 ,augu/ #aiii3  
,at ! ,,oecd ,libr>y we h collect$      
toge!r sev]al hundr$ websites & h put   
l9ks to !m on ! ,,oecd intranet4 ,!y are
 sort$ by subject & ea* site has a %ort 
annotation giv+ "s in=mation ab\t x4 ,! 
rese>*] c !n see if x is possible t !   
site conta9s ! desir$ in=mation4 ,?is is
 add+ value to ! site ref]5ces & 9 ?is  
way ! ,c5tral ,libr>y has built up a    
virtual ref]5ce desk on ! ,,oecd        
network4 ,z well z ! annotat$ l9ks1 ?is 
virtual ref]5ce desk conta9s pages (    
ref]5ces to articles1 monographs &      
websites relevant to sev]al projects    
curr5tly be+ rese>*$ at ! ,,oecd1       
network access to ,,cd- ,r,o,ms1 & a    
mon?ly li/ ( new acquisitions4 ,! libr>y
 catalogue w soon be available = se>*+  

on ! intranet4 ,! ref]5ce /aff at !     
,,oecd ,libr>y uses ! int]net = a good  
deal ( _! "w4 ,(t5 an academic work+    
pap] w be on ! web & w be available =   
full-text d[nload+4 ,we are curr5tly    
inve/igat+ supplem5t+ our subscriptions 
to c]ta9 ( our p]iodicals ) access to ! 
electronic v]sions on ! int]net4  ,:at  
ab\t f9d+ in=mation on ! int]net8 ,!    
int]net has provid$ rese>*]s ) a va/    
database ( in=mation4 ,! problem = !m is
 to f9d :at !y are seek+4 ,nev] has !   
in=mation ov]load be5 s obvi\s z :5 "o  
tries to f9d in=mation on a topic by    
se>*+ ! int]net4 ,:5 "o uses a se>*     
eng9e l ,lycos or ,alta,vista or a      
directory l ,yahoo61 x soon becomes cle>
 t x c be v difficult to f9d valuable   
sites on a giv5 topic4 ,^! se>*         
me*anisms "w well if "o is se>*+ =      
some?+ v precise1 su* z in=mation on a  
p]son :o has an unusual "n1 b !y produce
 a confus+ numb] ( ref]5ces if "o is    
se>*+ = a topic :i* c be q broad4 ,try &
 se>* ! web = ,russia ,,& transport to  

f9d /ati/ics on ! use ( tra9s1 planes & 
buses 9 ,russia4 ,! fir/ ref]5ces y w   
f9d are freight-=w>d+ firms t h bus9ess 
connections ) ,russia4  ,h[ ab\t !      
future8 ,! int]net is imp++ on _m       
peoples' lives1 & in=mation manag]s are 
! be/ p to help rese>*]s ar\nd !        
labyr9?4 ,! int]net is j 9 its infancy &
 we are all go+ to be witnesses to its  
gr[? & ref9em5t4 74447 ,in=mation       
manag]s h a l>ge role to play 9 se>*+ & 
arrang+ ! in=mation on ! int]net4 ,i    
expect t !re w be an expansion 9 int]net
 use = education & rese>*4 ,?is means t 
libr>ies w h to create virtual libr>ies 
:]e /ud5ts c foll[ a c\rse (f]$ by an   
in/itution at ! o!r side ( ! _w4        
,p]sonally1 ,i see myself becom+ m & m a
 virtual libr>ian4 ,my cli5ts may n meet
 me face-to-face b in/ead w contact me  
by email1 telephone or fax1 & ,i w d !  
rese>* & s5d !m ! results               
electronically4   ,at ! ,pa/eur         
,in/itute ,libr>y  ,! ,pa/eur ,in/itutes
 are obs]vatories = /udy+ infecti\s &   

p>asite-borne diseases4 ,aft] be+ a     
8traditional0 libr>ian1 ,bruno ,didi]   
creat$ 9 #aiif ! website ( ! ,pa/eur    
,in/itute ,libr>y 9 ,p>is1 ,france1 &   
became its webma/]4  ,he expla9$ 9      
,augu/ #aiii3 ,! ma9 aim ( ! ,pa/eur    
,in/itute ,libr>y website is to s]ve !  
,in/itute itself & its associat$ bodies4
 ,x supports applications t h become    
ess5tial 9 su* a big organization3      
bibliographic databases1 catalog+1 ord]+
 ( docum5ts & ( c\rse access to onl9e   
p]iodicals 7pres5tly m ?an #ajj74 ,x is 
a w9d[ = our diff]5t dep>tm5ts1 at !    
,in/itute b also else:]e 9 ,france &    
abroad4 ,x plays a big "p 9 docum5tation
 ex*anges ) ! in/itutes 9 ! worldwide   
,pa/eur network4 ,i am try+ to make x an
 int]l9k adapt$ to our ne$s =           
exploration & use ( ! int]net4 ,!       
website has exi/$ 9 its pres5t =m s9ce  
#aiif & its audi5ce is /eadily increas+4
 74447 ,i build & ma9ta9 ! webpages &   
monitor !m regul>ly4 ,i am also         
responsible = tra9+ our patrons to use !

 int]net4  ,:at has *ang$ 9 8 "w8 ,our  
relation%ip ) bo? ! in=mation & ! us]s  
is :at *anges4 ,we are increas+ly becom+
 m$iators1 & p]haps to a less] ext5t    
'curators'4 ,my pres5t activity is      
typical ( ?is new situation3 ,i am work+
 to provide quick access to in=mation & 
to create effective means (             
communication1 b ,i also tra9 p to use  
^! new tools4 74447 ,i ?9k ! future (   
our job is ti$ to coop]ation & use (    
common res\rces4 ,x is c]ta9ly an old   
project1 b x is really ! fir/ "t we h _h
 ! means to set x up4    #aiii  ,!      
,,ulysses ,,book/ore ,,on ,,! ,,web     
,summ>y ,f\nd$ 9 #aiga by ,ca!r9e ,doma9
 9 ,p>is1 ,france1 ,librairie ,ulysse   
7,ulysses ,book/ore7 is ! olde/ book/ore
 d$icat$ only to travel1 ) #bj1jjj      
books1 maps & magaz9es1 out ( pr9t &    
new1 ab\t any c\ntry1 all pack$ up 9 a  
t9y space1 ) "s treasures impossible to 
f9d any:]e else4 ,ca!r9e1 an avid       
travel] h]self1 />t$ a website 9 e>ly   
#aiii1 z a virtual travel 9 ! field (   

comput+1 despite kn[+ v little ab\t     
comput]s4 ,%e wrote 9 late #aiii3 ,my   
website is /ill pretty basic & "u       
con/ruction4 ,l my book/ore1 x is a     
place to meet p be=e be+ a place (      
bus9ess4 ,! int]net is a pa9 9 ! neck1  
takes a lot ( my "t & ,i e>n h>dly any  
money1 b t doesn't worry me444 ,i am v  
pessimi/ic ?\gh1 because x is kill+ (f  
speciali/ book/ores4 ,t5 ye>s lat]1 9   
,april #bjaj1 ,ca!r9e 0 mu* less        
pessimi/ic1 because ! int]net _h all[$  
h] to become a publi%] ( travel books4  
999999  ,f\nd$ 9 #aiga by ,ca!r9e ,doma9
 9 ,p>is1 ,france1 ,librairie ,ulysse   
7,ulysses ,book/ore7 is ! olde/ book/ore
 9 ! _w d$icat$ only to travel4 ,!      
book/ore laun*$ its website 9 #aiii & a 
small publi%+ v5ture 9 #bjaj4  ,ne/$ on 
,ile ,sa9t-,l\is surr\nd$ by ! riv]     
,se9e1 ,librairie ,ulysse has (f]$      
#bj1jjj books1 maps & magaz9es1 out (   
pr9t & new1 ab\t any c\ntry1 all pack$  
up 9 a t9y space1 ) "s treasures        
impossible to f9d any:]e else4   ,beg9n+

  ,:at 7 ! fir/ /eps ( ,librairie       
,ulysse8 ,ca!r9e wrote on ! book/ore's  
website3 8,aft] travel+ = t5 ye>s on e  
cont95t1 ,i /opp$ & told myself3 #8,:at 
am ,i go+ to d = a liv+8' ,i 0 aw>e ( ! 
ne$ to ins]t myself 9 a sociey 9 "o way 
or ano!r4 ,i made a *oice by d$uction1  
refus+ to h any boss or employee4       
,rememb]+ my gr&fa!rs1 "o be+ a         
navigator1 & ! o!r "o be+ a booksell] 9 
,p]igord a region 9 ,s\!rn ,france1 &   
not+ t ,i ne$$ to visit m ?an a doz5    
book/ores be=e f9d+ any docum5tation on 
a c\ntry z close z ,greece1 a #8travel  
book/ore' came to my m9d dur+ a _w t\r  
:ile ,i 0 sail+ betwe5 ,colombo &       
,surabaya4  ,back 9 ,p>is -- ,i already 
liv$ 9 le ,sa9t-,l\is -- ,i look$ = a   
place1 ga!r$ in=mation ab\t ! job (     
booksell]1 did "s int]n%ips 9 o!r       
book/ores1 wrote index c>ds1 & ?\ght    
ab\t a "n = ?is new bus9ess4  ,"o morn+1
 :ile go+ out to buy my daily newspap]1 
,i look$ up & saw ! sign ( ! book/ore   
#8,ulysse' ,ulysses 9 ,fr5*1 a ref]5ce  

to ,joyce1 at numb] #ce ( /reet         
,sa9t-,l\is-en-l'le4 #8,"h is a "n6'1 ,i
 told myself4 ,i climb$ two /airs to get
 into ?is v small #afm#b /ore ) a s+le  
beam4 ,f\r guys play$ pok]4 #8,:at a    
cute book/ore6'1 ,i said4 #8,x is =     
sale'1 "o ( ! play]s answ]$ )\t look+   
up4 #dh h\rs lat]1 ,i 0 a booksell]4    
,?is 0 9 ,septemb] #aiga4 ,! fir/       
book/ore 9 ! _w specializ+ 9 travel 0   
born4  ,tw5ty ye>s lat]1 ,i 0 hit by    
real e/ate developm5t1 l a numb] ( p1 & 
,i _h to move out4 ,luckily1 my /ubborn 
side -- ,i am a ,taurus asc5dant ,taurus
 -- gave me ! /r5g? to move my book/ore 
a few met]s away into a l>g] place1 on  
numb] #bf ( /reet ,sa9t- ,l\is-en-l'le1 
9 a q uncommon build+4 ,fir/1 ?is 0 !   
fir/ build+ 9 :i* ,i liv$ 9 le          
,sa9t-,l\is4 ,second1 ?is build+ =m]ly  
ho/$ a bank bran* t 0 fam\sly burgl>iz$ 
by ,spaggi>i40   ,9 #aiii  ,ev5 aft] %e 
became a booksell]1 ,ca!r9e w5t on      
travel+ e summ]1 usually sail+ on !     
,m$it]ranean1 ! ,atlantic or ! ,pacific1

 :ile h] boyfri5d 0 runn+ ! book/ore4   
,%e has be5 a memb] ( ! ,fr5* ,national 
,union ( ,antiqu>ian & ,mod]n ,book/ores
 7,,slam3 ,syndicat ,national de la     
,librairie ,anci5ne et ,mod]ne71 !      
,explor]s' ,club 7,club des             
,explorateurs7 & ! ,int]national ,club (
 ,long-,di/ance ,travel]s 7,club        
,int]national des ,gr&s ,voyageurs74    
,ca!r9e />t$ ! book/ore's website 9 e>ly
 #aiii1 z a virtual travel 9 ! field (  
comput+1 despite kn[+ v little ab\t     
comput]s4  ,%e wrote 9 late #aiii3 ,my  
site is /ill pretty basic & "u          
con/ruction4 ,l my book/ore1 x is a     
place to meet p be=e be+ a place (      
bus9ess4 ,! int]net is a pa9 9 ! neck1  
takes a lot ( my "t & ,i e>n h>dly any  
money1 b t doesn't worry me444 ,i am v  
pessimi/ic ?\gh1 because x is kill+ (f  
speciali/ book/ores4  ,local book/ores 7
 clos+ "o aft] ! o!r 9 ,p>is1 hav+ a h>d
 "t keep+ up ) ! competition (          
,amazon4fr1 ,fnac4com & ! likes4   ,9   
#bjje  ,ca!r9e nev]!less creat$ a second

 travel book/ore 9 #bjje1 ?is "t fac+ ! 
ocean1 9 ,h5daye1 a city on ! ,s\!rn    
coa/ ( ! ,atlantic4 ,op5 f #bj ,june to 
#bj ,septemb]1 ! book/ore c be f\nd     
along ! bea* 9 a ,moori% build+1 a      
hi/orical monum5t t =m]ly ho/$ ! cas9o4 
,at high tide1 ! book/ore is l 8a /eam] 
( books t is go+ to set sail1 &         
sometimes does01 because x is flood$ by 
! sea4   ,9 #bjaj  ,t5 ye>s aft] />t+ h]
 website1 ,ca!r9e 0 mu* less pessimi/ic 
ab\t ! int]net4 ,?is 8new0 m$ium _h     
all[$ h] to become a publi%] ( travel   
books4  ,%e wrote 9 ,april #bjaj3 ,!    
int]net has tak5 m & m space 9 my life6 
,on #a/ ,april #bjaj1 ,i became a       
publi%] aft] "s pa9ful tra9+ 9          
,photo%op1 ,in,design1 & o!r s(tw>e4    
,?is is also a great joy to see t !     
political w to keep p 9 front ( _!      
comput]s = !m n to />t a revolution c be
 defeat$ by giant & spontane\s happy    
h\rs organiz$ 9 ,europe ?r\gh ,facebook 
) ?\s&s ( p :o want to see1 & speak )1  
ea* o!r 9 p]son4  ,9 ! end1 !re w always

 be unexpect$ developm5ts to new        
inv5tions1 among o!r ?+s4 ,:5 ,i />t$   
us+ ! int]net1 ,i really didn't expect  
to become a publi%]4    #aiii  ,,!      
,,int]net ,,z ,a ,,novel ,,"*   ,summ>y 
,ala9 ,bron is an in=mation sy/ems      
consultant & a writ] liv+ 9 ,p>is1      
,france4 ,! int]net is "o ( ! *>act]s ( 
8 second novel1 ,sangu9e sur toile      
7,sangu9e on ! ,web71 available 9 pr9t f
 ,le ,*\cas 9 #aiii1 & 9 ,,pdf f        
#jj;h#jj 9 #bjjj4 ,8 novel won ! ,lions 
,club ,int]national ,prize 9 #bjjj4     
,ala9 wrote 9 ,novemb] #aiii3 ,9 ,fr5*1 
'toile' means ! web z well z ! canvas ( 
a pa9t+1 & 'sangu9e' is ! r$ *alk ( a   
draw+ z well z "o ( ! adjectives d]iv$ f
 blood 7'sang' 9 ,fr5*74 ,b w\ld a love 
( colors ju/ify a murd]8 ',sangu9e sur  
toile' is ! /range /ory ( an int]net    
surf] caught up 9 an upheaval inside 8  
own comput]1 :i* is be+ remotely op]at$ 
by a v my/]i\s p]son ^: only aim is     
rev5ge40  999999  ,! int]net is "o ( !  
*>act]s ( ,ala9 ,bron's second novel1   

,sangu9e sur ,toile1 available 9 pr9t f 
,le ,*\cas 9 #aiii1 & 9 ,,pdf f #jj;h#jj
 9 #bjjj4 ,?is novel won ! ,lions ,club 
,int]national ,prize 9 #bjjj4   ,ab\t ! 
novel  ,ala9 ,bron wrote 9 ,novemb]     
#aiii 9 an email int]view3 ,9 ,fr5*1    
'toile' means ! web z well z ! canvas ( 
a pa9t+1 & 'sangu9e' is ! r$ *alk ( a   
draw+ z well z "o ( ! adjectives d]iv$ f
 blood 7'sang' 9 ,fr5*74 ,b w\ld a love 
( colors ju/ify a murd]8 ',sangu9e sur  
toile' is ! /range /ory ( an int]net    
surf] caught up 9 an upheaval inside 8  
own comput]1 :i* is be+ remotely op]at$ 
by a v my/]i\s p]son ^: only aim is     
rev5ge4  ,i want$ to take ! read] into !
 worlds ( pa9t+ & ent]prise1 :i*        
int]m+le1 escap+ & meet+ up aga9 9 !    
dazzle ( s(tw>e4 ,! read] is invit$ to  
try to untangle = himself ! ?reads twi/$
 by passion alone4 ,to p5etrate ! my/]y1
 he w h to answ] _m que/ions4 ,ev5 ) !  
_w at 8 f+]tips1 isn't ! int]net surf] !
 lonelie/ p]son 9 ! _w8 ,9 view ( !     
competition1 :at is ! greate/ degree (  

viol5ce possible 9 an ent]prise ^! days8
 ,does pa9t+ t5d to reflect ! _w or does
 x create ano!r "o8 ,i also want$ to %[ 
t images are n t peaceful4 ,y c use !m  
to take action1 ev5 to kill4  ,:at "p   
has ! int]net play$ 9 8 novel8 ,!       
int]net is a "* 9 itself4 ,in/ead ( be+ 
describ$ 9 its te*nical complexity1 x is
 depict$ z a "* t c be ei!r ?reat5+1 k9d
 or amus+4 ,rememb] ! comput] scre5 has 
a dual role -- display+ z well z        
conceal+4 ,?is ambival5ce is ! !me      
?r\gh\t4 ,9 su* a game1 ! big w9n] is ( 
c\rse ! "o :o kn[s h[ to free himself f 
! ma*9e's grip & put humanism &         
intellig5ce be=e ev]y?+ else4   ,ab\t ! 
au?or  ,ala9 ,bron is bo? an in=mation  
sy/em consultant & a writ]4 ,he expla9$ 
9 ! same email int]view3 8,i sp5t ab\t  
#bj ye>s at ,bull4 ,!re ,i 0 involv$ 9  
all ! adv5tures ( comput] &             
telecommunications developm5t4 ,i       
repres5t$ ! comput] indu/ry at ,,iso    
,int]national ,organization =           
,/&>dization & *air$ ! network gr\p ( ! 

,x_/,op5 consortium4 ,i also took "p 9 !
 v beg9n+ ( ! int]net ) my colleagues ( 
,honeywell 9 ! ,u4,s4 9 late #aigh4 ,i  
am n[ 9 ,novemb] #aiii an in=mation     
sy/ems consultant1 :]e ,i keep ! ma9    
comput] projects ( firms & _! =eign     
subsdi>ies runn+ smoo?ly4 ,& ,i write4  
,i h be5 writ+ s9ce ,i 0 a te5ag]4 ,%ort
 /ories 7ab\t #ajj71 psy*o-sociological 
essays1 articles & novels4 ,x is an inn]
 ne$ z well z a v great pleasure40  ,z =
 ! aim ( ! int]net1 8! important ?+ is !
 human value t is add$ to x4 ,! int]net 
c nev] be %rewd ab\t a situation1 take a
 risk or replace ! intellig5ce ( ! he>t4
 ,! int]net simply spe$s up !           
decision-mak+ process & r$uces unc]ta9ty
 by provid+ in=mation4 ,we /ill h to    
leave "t to "t1 let ideas mature & br+  
an ess5tial t\* ( humanity to a         
relation%ip4 ,= me1 ! aim ( ! int]net is
 meet+ p1 n increas+ ! numb] (          
electronic ex*anges40  ,:at 0 8 be/     
exp]i5ce ) ! int]net8 8,aft] my novel   
#8,sangu9e sur toile' 0 publi%$1 ,i got 

a message f a fri5d ,i'd lo/ t\* ) m ?an
 #bj ye>s ago4 ,he recogniz$ himself z  
"o ( ! book's *>act]s4 ,we saw ea* o!r  
aga9 rec5tly ov] a good bottle ( w9e &  
swapp$ memories & discuss$ our plans40  
#bjjj  ,,encyclop$ias ,,& ,,diction>ies 
,summ>y ,! fir/ ref]5ce encyclop$ias &  
diction>ies available onl9e /emm$ f pr9t
 v]sions4 ,britannica4com 0 available 9 
,decemb] #aiii z ! web v]sion ( !       
#cb-volume ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica1   
fir/ = free & !n = a fee4 ,!            
,fr5*-language ,web,encyclo f ,editions 
,atlas 0 available at ! same "t1 = free1
 z well z ! ,encyclopa$ia ,univ]salis1 =
 a fee4 ,! fir/ major onl9e diction>ies 
also /emm$ f pr9t v]sions1 = example !  
free ,m]riam-,web/] ,onl9e laun*$ 9     
#aiif1 t includ$ ! ,web/] ,diction>y1 ! 
,web/] ,!saurus1 & o!r tools4 ,!        
,fr5*-language 8,dictionnaire ,univ]sel 
,francophone en ,ligne 8 f ,ha*ette 0   
available = free 9 #aiig4 ,! onl9e      
v]sion ( ! #bj-volume ,ox=d ,engli%     
,diction>y 7,,o$7 0 available 9 ,m>*    

#bjjj = a fee4 ,design$ directly = !    
web1 ! ,gr& ,dictionnaire ,t]m9ologique 
7,,gdt7 0 laun*$ 9 ,septemb] #bjjj 9    
,quebec z ! l>ge/ free ,fr5*-,engli%    
t]m9ology diction>y1 & quickly prais$ by
 l+ui/s worldwide4  999999  ,! fir/     
ref]5ce encyclop$ias & diction>ies      
available onl9e /emm$ f pr9t v]sions4   
,encyclop$ias  ,britannica4com 0 laun*$ 
9 ,decemb] #aiii z ! digital equival5t (
 ! #cb volumes ( ! #ae? edition ( !     
,encyclopa$ia ,britannica4 ,! website 0 
available = free1 z a complem5t to !    
pr9t & ,,cd-,,rom v]sions = sale1 ) a   
selection ( articles f #gj magaz9es1 a  
guide to ! be/ websites1 a selection (  
books1 etc41 all se>*able ?r\gh a s+le  
se>* eng9e4 ,9 ,septemb] #bjjj1 ! site 0
 among ! top #ajj websites 9 ! _w4 ,9   
,july #bjja1 ! website1 n free anymore1 
c\ld be se>*$ = a mon?ly or annual fee4 
,9 #bjji1 ,britannica4com op5$ its      
website to ext]nal contributors1 )      
regi/ration requir$ to write & edit     
articles4  ,laun*$ by ,editions ,atlas 9

 ,decemb] #aiii & /emm+ f a pr9t        
encyclop$ia1 ,web5cyclo 0 ! fir/ ma9    
,fr5*-language onl9e encyclop$ia        
available = free4 ,x 0 se>*able by      
keyword1 topic & m$ia 7i4e4 maps1 l9ks1 
photos1 illu/rations74 ,a call = pap]s  
invit$ speciali/s 9 a giv5 topic to     
become ext]nal contributors & submit    
articles 9 a section call$ ,web5cyclo   
,contributif4 ,lat] on1 a free          
regi/ration 0 requir$ to use ! onl9e    
encyclop$ia4  ,laun*$ at ! same "t1 !   
website ( ! pr9t ,fr5*-language         
,encyclop$ia ,univ]salis includ$ #bh1jjj
 articles by #d1jjj contributors1       
available = an annual subscription fee1 
) a numb] ( articles available = free4  
,diction>ies  ,m]riam-,web/]1 a         
well-kn[n publi%] ( diction>ies1 laun*$ 
9 #aiif ! website ,m]riam-,web/] ,onl9e3
 ,! ,language ,c5t] to give free access 
to onl9e res\rces /emm+ f sev]al pr9t   
ref]5ce works3 ,web/] ,diction>y1 ,web/]
 ,!saurus1 ,web/]'s ,?ird 7a lexical    
l&m>k71 ,guide to ,int]national ,bus9ess

 ,communications1 ,vocabul>y ,build] 7) 
int]active vocabul>y quizzes71 & !      
,b>nh>t ,diction>y ,companion 7hot new  
words74 ,! website's goal 0 also to help
 track d[n def9itions1 spell+s1         
pronunciations1 synonyms1 vocabul>y     
ex]cises1 & o!r key facts ab\t words &  
language4  ,! ,dictionnaire ,univ]sel   
,francophone en ,ligne 7,univ]sal ,fr5*-
 ,language ,onl9e ,diction>y7 0 ! web   
v]sion ( ! ,dictionnaire ,univ]sel      
,francophone1 publi%$ by ,ha*ette 9     
p>tn]%ip ) ,,aupelf-,,uref 7:i* lat]    
became ,,auf3 ,ag5ce ,univ]sitaire de la
 ,francophonie - ,univ]sity ,ag5cy (    
,francophony74 ,! diction>y includ$ n   
only /&>d ,fr5* b also ! ,fr5*-language 
words & expressions us$ worldwide4 ,fr5*
 0 spok5 by #ejj million p 9 #ej        
c\ntries4 ,z a side rem>k1 ,engli% &    
,fr5* are ! only (ficial &_/or cultural 
languages widely spread on five         
cont95ts4  ,! onl9e v]sion 7= a         
subscription fee7 ( ! #bj-volume ,ox=d  
,engli% ,diction>y 7,,o$7 0 laun*$ 9    

,m>* #bjjj by ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,press   
7,,oup71 foll[$ by a qu>t]ly update )   
ar\nd #a1jjj new or revis$ entries4 ,two
 ye>s lat]1 ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,press     
laun*$ ,ox=d ,ref]5ce ,onl9e 7,,oro71 a 
compreh5sive encyclop$ia design$        
directly = ! web & also available = a   
subscription fee4 ,its #fj1jjj webpages 
& "o million entries c\ld repres5t !    
equival5t ( #ajj pr9t encyclop$ias4   ,!
 ,,gdt f ,quebec  ,) #c million t]ms    
relat$ to indu/ry1 sci5ce & comm]ce1 !  
,,gdt 7,gr& ,dictionnaire ,t]m9ologique 
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l>ge/ ,fr5*-,engli% onl9e t]m9ology     
diction>y4 ,! ,,gdt 0 design$ directly =
 ! web by ,,oqlf 7,(fice ,qubcois de la 
,langue ,franaise - ,quebecois ,(fice ( 
! ,fr5* ,language7 & laun*$ 9 ,septemb] 
#bjjj z a free s]vice4 ,! ,,gdt 0 a     
te*nological *all5ge1 & ! result ( a    
p>tn]%ip betwe5 ,,oqlf1 au?or ( !       
diction>y1 & ,semantix1 a company       
specializ$ 9 l+ui/ic s(tw>e4 ,! ,,gdt _h
 #a4c million individual visits dur+ !  

fir/ mon?1 ) peaks ( #fj1jjj visits p]  
day1 :i* c]ta9ly contribut$ to bett]    
translations4 ,! database 0 !n ma9ta9$  
by ,conv]a ,canada1 ) #c4e million      
visits p] mon? 9 ,febru>y #bjjc4 ,a     
revamp$ v]sion ( ! ,,gdt w5t onl9e 9    
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?ird language4    #bjjj  ,,! ,,web      
,,portal ,,y\rdiction>y4,,com   ,summ>y 
,rob]t ,be>d1 a language tea*] at       
,bucknell ,univ]sity1 9 ,lewisburg1     
,p5nsylvania 7,,usa71 co-f\nd$          
your,dictionary4com 9 ,febru>y #bjjj z a
 foll[-up ( 8 fir/ website1 ,a ,web (   
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diction>ies 9 #bej languages 9 ,septemb]
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languages 9 ,april #bjjg4 ,z a portal = 

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languages1 call$ ! ,endang]$ ,language  
,repository4  999999  ,five ye>s be=e   
co-f\nd+ your,dictionary4com 9 ,febru>y 
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any exception1 ,rob]t ,be>d creat$ !    
website ,a ,web ( ,onl9e ,diction>ies   
7,,wod7 9 #aiie4  ,rob]t ,be>d 0 a      
language tea*] at ,bucknell ,univ]sity1 
9 ,lewisburg1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,9 ,septemb]
 #aiih1 8 website provid$ an index (    
#hjj onl9e diction>ies 9 #aej languages1
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diction>ies1 specializ$ ,engli%         
diction>ies1 !sauri & o!r vocabul>y     
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index ( diction>y indices1 ! 8,web (    
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,!re 0 an initial fe> t ! web pos$ a    
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,janu>y #bjjj3 ,! new website is an     
index ( #a1bjj diction>ies 9 m ?an #bjj 
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= all languages )\t any exception1      
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endang]$ languages call$ ! ,endang]$    
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are prim>ily languages )\t writ+ sy/ems 
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languages h writ+ sy/ems74 ,i /ill d n  
see ! web contribut+ to ! loss (        
language id5tity & /ill suspect x may1 9
 ! long run1 contribute to /r5g!n+ x4 ,m
 & m ,native ,am]icans1 = example1 are  
contact+ l+ui/s1 ask+ !m to write       
gramm>s ( _! language & help !m put up  
diction>ies4 ,= ^! p1 ! web is an       
af=dable boon = cultural expression4    
,h[ ab\t ! future ( ! web8 ,! web w be  
an encyclop$ia ( ! _w by ! _w = ! _w4   
,!re w be no in=mation or k t anyone    
ne$s t w n be available4 ,! major       
h9drance to int]national & int]p]sonal  
und]/&+1 p]sonal & in/itutional         
enhancem5t1 w be remov$4 ,x w\ld take a 
wild] imag9ation ?an m9e to pr$ict !    
effect ( ?is developm5t on ! nature (   
humank9d4    #bjjj  ,a ,,/&>d ,,=mat ,,=
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 9 #aiih-bjja = new electronic devices1 
! digital publi%+ indu/ry felt ! ne$ to 

"w on a /&>d = ebooks4 ,! ,national     
,in/itute ( ,/&>ds & ,te*nology 7,,ni/7 
9 ! ,u4,s4 laun*$ ! ,op5 e,book         
,initiative 9 ,june #aiih1 ) a #be-p    
task =ce nam$ ,op5 e,book ,au?or+ ,gr\p4
 ,9 ,septemb] #aiii 0 releas$ ! fir/    
v]sion ( ! ,op5 e,book 7,oe,b7 =mat1    
bas$ on ,,xml 7e,xtensible ,m>kup       
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,publication ,/ructure 7,oe,b,p,s71 ) a 
free v]sion belong+ to public doma9 & a 
full v]sion to be us$ ) or )\t ,,drm by 
! publi%+ indu/ry4 ,! ,op5 e,book ,=um  
7,oe,b,f7 0 creat$ 9 ,janu>y #bjjj to   
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=mats h d]iv$ f ! ,oe,b =mat1 = example 
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=mat f ,micros(t4  999999  ,) s _m =mats
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devices1 ! digital publi%+ indu/ry felt 
! ne$ to "w on a /&>d = ebooks4  ,on top
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e,book71 ! ,frankl9 ,read] 7= !         
e,book,man71 ! ,cytale s(tw>e 7= !      
,cybook #a/ g5]ation71 ! ,gem/> e,book  
,read] 7= ! ,gem/> e,book7 & ! ,palm    
,read] 7= ! ,palm ,pilot74 ,"s =mats 7  
meant = a giv5 device1 ei!r a ,,pda or  
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,national ,in/itute ( ,/&>ds  ,te*nology
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! publi%+ indu/ry4  ,! ,op5 e,book ,=um 
7,oe,b,f7 0 creat$ 9 ,janu>y #bjjj z an 

indu/rial consortium 7) #he p>ticipants 
9 #bjjb7 to develop ! ,oe,b =mat &      
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ea* sale4 ,micros(t p>tn]$ ) ,b>nes     
,noble4com 9 ,janu>y #bjjj & ,amazon4com
 9 ,augu/ #bjjj1 = !m to (f] ebooks = ! 
,micros(t ,read] 9 _! e,book,stores soon
 to be laun*$4 ,b>nes  ,noble4com op5$  
its e,book,store 9 ,augu/ #bjjj1 foll[$ 
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f ,viv5tures1 a bran* ( ! ,fr5*         
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=mat 7,,prc1 bas$ on ! ,oe,b =mat7 & !  
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7pr(essional v]sion = a fee7 to create  
ebooks us+ ! ,mobipocket ,,drm te*nology
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ebooks4 ,! ,mobipocket ,publi%] c\ld    
also create ebooks 9 ,,lit =mat = !     
,micros(t ,read]4  ,9 spr+ #bjjc1 !     
,mobipocket ,read] 0 available 9 five   
languages 7,fr5*1 ,engli%1 ,g]man1      
,spani%1 ,italian7 & c\ld be us$ on any 
,,pda1 comput] & sm>tphone4 #f1jjj      
titles 9 sev]al languages 7 available on
 ! website ( ,mobipocket & 9 onl9e p>tn]
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,amazon 9 ,april #bjje4   ,,epub1 a new 
/&>d  ,9 ,april #bjje1 ! ,op5 e,book    
,=um 0 replac$ ) ! ,int]national        
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electronic publication4 ,,epub all[$ !  
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,,be/-,,sell+ ,,au?ors   ,summ>y ,9     
,july #bjjj began ! electronic          
self-publi%+ ( 8,! ,plant01 an epi/ol>y 
novel by ,/eph5 ,k+1 :o 0 ! fir/        
be/-sell+ au?or to laun* su* an         
exp]im5t4 ,! au?or began publi%+ 8,!    
,plant0 9 episodes on 8 own website4 ,! 
*apt]s 7 available at regul> int]vals & 
c\ld be d[nload$ 9 sev]al =mats 7,,pdf1 
,oe,b1 ,,html1 ,,txt74 ,aft] !          
publication ( ! six? *apt] 9 ,decemb]   
#bjjj1 ! au?or decid$ to /op ! exp]im5t1
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 8 publi%]4 ,digital exp]im5ts 7 also   
made 9 ,europe 9 ,novemb] #bjjj1 by     
,fr$]ick ,=sy?1 ! ,briti% ma/] (        
?rill]s1 ^: late/ %ort novels 7 publi%$ 
onl9e by ,onl9e ,orig9als1 & by ,arturo 
,prez-,rev]te1 a be/-sell+ ,spani%      
au?or1 ^: late/ novel 0 available onl9e 

dur+ "o mon? be=e be+ available 9 pr9t4 
,9 ,brazil1 ,paolo ,coehlo began (f]+   
free ,,pdf v]sions ( 8 novels 9 e>ly    
#bjjc4  999999  ,9 #bjjj1 ,/eph5 ,k+ 0 !
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exp]im5ts1 foll[$ by ,fr$]ick ,=sy? &   
,arturo ,prez- ,rev]te 9 ,europe & _m   
o!r !n1 = example ,paolo ,coehlo 9      
,brazil4   ,/eph5 ,k+  ,z a fir/ /ep1   
,/eph5 ,k+ di/ribut$ 9 ,m>* #bjjj 8 %ort
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file1 ) #djj1jjj d[nloads dur+ ! fir/   
#bd h\rs 9 ! digital book/ores t 7 sell+
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foll[$1 ,/eph5 ,k+ laun*$ its own       
website 9 ,july #bjjj to self-publi% 8  
epi/ol>y novel 8,! ,plant0 9 episodes4  
,! *apt]s 7 available at regul> int]vals
 & c\ld be d[nload$ 9 sev]al =mats      
7,,pdf1 ,oe,b1 ,,html1 ,,txt74 ,aft] !  
publication ( ! six? *apt] 9 ,decemb]   
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) 8 publi%]4 ,9 ,m>* #bjja1 8 novel     
8,dreamcat*]0 0 ! fir/ to be laun*$ bo? 
9 pr9t by ,simon  ,s*u/] & z an ebook 9 
,palm ,digital ,m$ia1 ,palm's digital   
book/ore4 ,9 ,m>* #bjjb1 8 collection ( 
%ort /ories 8,ev]y?+'s ,ev5tual0 0      
laun*$ 9 pr9t by ,scribn]1 an impr9t (  
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,novemb] #bjjj1 ,fr$]ick ,=sy?1 kn[n z !
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collection ( five %ort /ories ann\nc$ 9 
! foll[+ ord]3 8,! ,vet]an01 8,!        
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,matt]0 & 8,draco04 ,available 9 ?ree   
=mats to be read on ,acrobat ,read]1    
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sev]al onl9e book/ores 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom

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bel[ expectations4   ,arturo            
,prez-,rev]te  ,arturo ,prez-,rev]te1 a 
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( novels ab\t ! adv5tures ( ,capitan    
,alatri/e 9 ! #ag? c5tury4 ,! new title 
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del ,rey 7,! ,k+'s ,gold74 ,9 ,novemb]  
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,alfagu>a to publi% ! novel 9 digital =m
 = "o mon?1 z a ,,pdf t c\ld be d[nload$
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portal ,inicia1 be=e ! release ( ! pr9t 
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d[nloads1 b only #ab1jjj read]s :o paid 
= x4 ,mo/ read]s %>$ ! password ) _!    
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= free4 ,if ! digital exp]im5t 0 n good 
f9ancially1 x 0 v good z a novel m>ket+ 

campaign to laun* ! pr9t book4   ,paulo 
,coelho  ,onl9e exp]im5ts 7 laun*$ by a 
numb] ( au?ors !n1 = example ,paulo     
,coelho1 a be/-sell+ ,brazilian noveli/ 
:o came to be kn[n worldwide z ! au?or (
 8,! ,al*imi/04 ,9 e>ly #bjjc1 8 books 7
 translat$ into #ef languages1 ) #ec    
million copies sold 9 #aee c\ntries4 ,9 
,m>* #bjjc1 ,paulo ,coelho decid$ to    
di/ribute ,,pdf v]sions ( sev]al novels 
= free 9 v>i\s languages1 ) ! cons5t ( 8
 publi%]s1 aft] 8 read]s wrote him !y _h
 a h>d "t f9d+ 8 books 9 "s places &    
c\ntries4 ,he r5ew$ ! same exp]im5t )   
o!r titles 9 spr+ #bjaa4    #bjjj       
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musician1 ,jean-,paul has (f]$ beautiful
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s9ce ,octob] #aiih1 :ile se>*+ h[       
hyp]l9ks c\ld exp& 8 writ+ t[>ds new    
directions4 ,he wrote 9 ,june #bjjj3    
,surf+ ! web is l radiat+ 9 all         
directions 7,i am int]e/$ 9 some?+ & ,i 
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l9ks appe>74 ,y c d ?is 9 ! writt5 m$ia1
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int]net *ang$ h[ ,i write4 ,y don't     
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imag9ation4 ,&1 = me1 x is above all !  
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vague because ! book is n conceiv$ = t4 
999999  ,a writ] & musician1 ,jean-,paul
 has (f]$ beautiful works ( digital     
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exp& 8 writ+ t[>ds new directions4  ,9  
,octob] #aiih1 he swit*$ f be+ a pr9t   
au?or to be+ an hyp]m$ia au?or1 & creat$
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/ories or pluril+ual /ories4            
,jean-,paul also enjoy$ ! fre$om ( onl9e
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int]m$i>ies1 su* z record companies1    
publi%]s & di/ributors4 ,mo/ ( all1 x   
all[s me to cry/allize :at ,i h 9 my    
head3 ! pr9t m$ium 7desktop publi%+1 9  
fact7 only all[s me to p>tly d t4 7'''7 
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directions 7,i am int]e/$ 9 some?+ & ,i 
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l9ks appe>74 ,y c d ?is 9 ! writt5 m$ia1
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analogies1 objects or images4 ,! idea t 
a simple click on "o area ( ! scre5     

all[$ me to op5 a range ( piles ( c>ds1 
& ea* c>d c\ld (f] new buttons & ea*    
button op5$ on to a new range1 etc4 ,9  
brief1 ! le>n+ ( ev]y?+ on ! web t today
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,x]ox74  ,s9ce !n ,i write directly on !
 scre53 ,i use ! pr9t m$ium only        
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page aft] page 7mo/ ( ! "t71 :]eas !    
te*nique ( l9ks all[s ano!r relation%ip 
to ! "t & space ( imag9ation4 ,&1 = me1 
x is above all ! opportunity to put into
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,,broadb& ,,became ,,! ,,norm   ,summ>y 
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#aiib1 he f\nd$ ! ,swiss ,silicon       
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 has be5 tak+ /udy gr\ps to ,silicon    
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 & read ebooks 9 ! ,k9dle & ! i,pad4    
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 ,web/] ,univ]sity1 ,g5eva4 ,he is ! =m]
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 has be5 tak+ /udy gr\ps to ,silicon    
,valley1 ,san ,francisco & o!r high-te* 
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 /udy t\rs include visits to out/&+     
companies1 />t-up1 rese>* c5t]s &       
univ]sities1 ) ! aim ( explor+ new      
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discussions1 product demon/rations &    
site t\rs4   ,9 #aiih  ,h5k wrote 9     
,decemb] #aiih3 8,i c't imag9e my       
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"t to keep 9 t\* ) colleagues 9 a v n>r[
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 especially ! inv5tion ( ! web1 ,i      
communicate ma9ly by email4 ,mo/ ( my   
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details ( my ,silicon ,valley t\rs are  
on ! web4 ,)\t ! int]net we w\ldn't be  
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today ) ! click ( a m\se40   ,9 #bjjj   
,! ye> #bjjj 0 m>k$ by 8! explosion (   
mobile te*nology4 ,! mobile phone has   
become = _m p1 includ+ me1 ! p]sonal    
communicator :i* all[s y to be any:]e   
anytime & /ill be rea*able4 ,b ! mobile 
int]net is /ill a dream4 ,! new s]vices 
on mobile 7,,gsm7 phones are extremely  
primitive & exp5sive 7,,wap  ,wait &    
,pay740   ,9 #bjja  ,:at has happ5$ s9ce
 "o ye>8 ,h5k wrote 9 ,july #bjja3 8,i  
am exp]i5c+ a trem5d\s *ange ) hav+ a   
#8broadb&' connection at home4 ,to be   
connect$ at all times is s completelely 
diff]5t f dial-up4 ,i n[ receive email z
 soon z x arrives1 ,i c li/5 to my      
favorite radio /ations :]ev] !y are4 ,i 
c li/5 to ! news :5 ,i want to4 ,get !  
music ,i l all ! "t4 7'''7 ,! only ?+   
:i* is miss+ is good quality real "t    
video4 ,! b&wid? is too l[ = t4  ,i n[ h
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any:]e 9 ! h\se & outside1 ev5 at !     
neighbors & /ill be+ connect$4 ,) ! same

 te*nology ,i am n[ able to use my      
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travel4 ,= in/ance1 dur+ my rec5t visit 
to ,/ockholm1 !re 0 connectivity 9 !    
hotel1 ! conf]5ce c5t]1 ! airport & ev5 
9 ! ,iri% pub6   ,9 #bjaa  ,t5 ye>s     
lat]1 9 ,june #bjaa1 ,h5k expla9$3 8,i h
 always foll[$ ! developm5t ( ebooks )  
mu* int]e/1 z a pr(essor 9 communication
 sy/ems & an organiz] ( /udy t\rs 9     
,silicon ,valley4 ,i didn't use !m mu*  
dur+ #dj ye>s1 because ( ! lack (       
progress 9 read+ devices4 ,i nev] lik$  
read+ a book on a comput] or ,,pda4 ,n[1
 ) tablets l ! ,k9dle ( ! i,pad1 ,i am  
f9ally read+ ebooks4 ,i see a huge      
expansion ( digital read+ ) tablets t   
are easy to use & ) a v l>ge *oice (    
ebooks ?anks to electronic comm]ce &    
companies l ,amazon40  ,:at has he be5  
work+ on lately8 8,i am a s]ial         
entrepr5eur :o is creat+ a />t-up 9 !   
field ( mobility4 ,i use ! int]net all !
 "t to f9d p>tn]s & ideas4 ,we also use 
onl9e books to le>n ! art ( innovation60

    #bjja  ,,wikip$ia1 ,a               
,,collaborative ,,encyclop$ia   ,summ>y 
,wikip$ia 0 laun*$ 9 ,janu>y #bjja by   
,jimmy ,wales & ,l>ry ,sang] 7,l>ry     
resign$ lat] on7 z a global free        
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7,,gnu ,free ,docum5tation ,lic5se74    
,wikip$ia quickly became ! l>ge/ ref]5ce
 website4 ,x 0 9 ! top t5 websites 9    
,decemb] #bjjf1 & 9 ! top five websites 
9 #bjjh4 ,9 ,may #bjjg1 ,wikip$ia _h #g 
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includ+ #a4h million articles 9 ,engli%1
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articles 9 ,fr5*1 #bfj1jjj articles 9   
,portuguese1 & #bcf1jjj articles 9      
,spani%4 ,wikip$ia celebrat$ its t5?    
anniv]s>y 9 ,janu>y #bjaa ) #ag million 

articles 9 #bgj languages et #djj       
million individual visits p] mon? = all 
websites4  999999  ,wikip$ia 0 laun*$ 9 
,janu>y #bjja by ,jimmy ,wales & ,l>ry  
,sang] 7,l>ry resign$ lat] on7 z a      
global free collaborative onl9e         
encyclop$ia4  ,wikip$ia 0 f9anc$ by     
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is a wiki1 :i* means t anyone c write1  
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,wikip$ia quickly became ! l>ge/ ref]5ce

 website1 ) ?\s&s ( p contribut+        
worldwide4 ,9 ,decemb] #bjjd1 ,wikip$ia 
_h #a4c million articles by #ac1jjj     
contributors 9 #ajj languages4 ,9       
,decemb] #bjjf1 ,wikip$ia 0 among ! top 
t5 sites on ! web1 ) #f million         
articles4 ,9 ,may #bjjg1 ,wikip$ia _h #g
 million articles 9 #aib languages1     
includ+ #a4h million articles 9 ,engli%1
 #ehi1jjj articles 9 ,g]man1 #ejj1jjj   
articles 9 ,fr5*1 #bfj1jjj articles 9   
,portuguese1 & #bcf1jjj articles 9      
,spani%4 ,9 #bjjh1 ,wikip$ia 0 9 ! top  
five websites4 ,9 ,septemb] #bjaj1      
,wikip$ia _h #ad million articles 9 #bgb
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articles 9 ,engli%1 #a4a million        
articles 9 ,g]man & #a million articles 
9 ,fr5*4 ,wikip$ia celebrat$ its t5?    
anniv]s>y 9 ,janu>y #bjaa ) #ag million 
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,citiz5dium1 an acronym = 8,! ,citiz5's 
,comp5dium01 0 laun*$ 9 ,m>* #bjjg at ! 
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,wikip$ia ) ,jimmy ,wales 9 ,janu>y     
#bjja1 b resign$ lat] on ov] policy &   
cont5t quality issues1 z well z ! use ( 
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,m>* #bjjg1 #aa1hjj articles 9 ,augu/   
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projects t w\ld deliv] reliable ref]5ce1
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works 9 #bjjf1 #ij million works 9      
#bjjg1 #acj million works 9 #bjjh1 &    
#cej million works 9 ,april #bjaj4      
#bjjc  ,,h&icapz,,ro1 ,,! ,,int]net ,,= 
,,ev]yone   ,summ>y ,an important issue 
is ! ne$ = in=mation to be accessible to

 all4 ,available onl9e 9 ,septemb]      
#bjjj1 ! website ,h&icapzro became a    
portal 9 ,febru>y #bjjc to (f] an adapt$
 access to in=mation = ! ,fr5*-speak+   
us]s hav+ a visual problem1 i4e4 ov] #aj
 ( ! population4 ,bl9d us]s c access !  
site us+ a ,braille device or a spee*   
s(tw>e4 ,visually impair$ us]s c set up 
_! own p>amet]s 7size & type ( fonts1   
color ( backgr\nd1 etc47 to surf ! web 9
 an optimal way1 by creat+ & modify+ _! 
own visual pr(ile4 ,any us] c correspond
 9 ,braille ) bl9d us]s ?r\gh ! website4
 #b million visitors us$ ! s]vices ( !  
portal 9 #bjjf4 ,h&icapz]o int5ds to    
demon/rate 8t1 ) ! respect ( "s basic   
rules1 ! int]net c f9ally become a space
 ( fre$om = all40  999999  ,an important
 issue is ! ne$ = in=mation to be       
accessible to all1 z %[n by ! portal    
,h&icapzro laun*$ 9 ,febru>y #bjjc = any
 ,fr5*-speak+ us] hav+ a visual problem4
  ,a fir/ website 0 laun*$ 9 ,septemb]  
#bjjj to provide an adapt$ access to    
in=mation = bl9d or visually impair$    

us]s1 i4e4 ov] #aj ( ! population4 ,x   
quickly became ! mo/ visit$ adapt$ site 
9 ,france1 ) #aj1jjj visits p] mon?4  ,9
 ,febru>y #bjjc1 ,h&icapzro laun*$ a    
portal provid+ free access to national &
 int]national news 9 real "t 79 p>tn]%ip
 ) ,ag5ce ,france-,presse71 sports news 
7) ! newspap] ,l' quipe71 ,,tv programs 
7) ! magaz9e ,tlrama71 wea!r 7) ! s]vice
 ,mto ,france7 & a se>* eng9e 7)        
,google71 z well z a range ( s]vices =  
heal?1 employm5t1 consum] goods1        
leisure1 sports & telephony4  ,bl9d us]s
 c access ! site us+ a ,braille device  
or a spee* s(tw>e4 ,visually impair$    
us]s c set up _! own p>amet]s 7size &   
type ( fonts1 color ( backgr\nd1 etc47  
to surf ! web 9 an optimal way1 by      
creat+ & modify+ _! own visual pr(ile4  
,?is pr(ile c be us$ = any text         
available on ! web1 by copy+ & pa/+ !   
text on ! web int]face4 ,any us] c      
correspond 9 ,braille ) bl9d us]s ?r\gh 
! website4 ,h&icapzro provides a free   
transcription ( ! lett]s & pr9ts !m 9   

,braille1 be=e s5d+ !m by mail = free 9 
,europe4  #b million visitors us$ !     
s]vices ( ! portal 9 #bjjf4 ,h&icapzro  
int5ds to demon/rate 8t1 ) ! respect (  
"s basic rules1 ! int]net c f9ally      
become a space ( fre$om = all40  ,?+s   
are n z simple = an adapt$ access to    
books4 ,patrice ,cailleaud1 director (  
communication = ,h&icapzro1 expla9$ 9   
,janu>y #bjja t1 if ! digital book is 8a
 new complem5t>y solution to ! problems 
exp]i5c$ by bl9d & visually impair$     
us]s1 7'''7 !re are /ill issues ) !     
copyright legislation & ) p]missions f  
au?ors t prev5t u to (f] ,braille       
v]sions or l>ge pr9t v]sions4 ,! reque/s
 = p]missions are sc>ce & long1 & seldom
 "w40  ,?us ! ne$ = national laws 9 !   
wake ( an int]national copyright law =  
visually impair$ us]s4 ,9 ! ,european   
,union1 ! directive #bjja_/bi_/;,,ec    
dat$ ,may #bjja on 8! h>monisation (    
c]ta9 aspects ( copyright & relat$      
rights 9 ! in=mation society0 insi/s 9  
its article #dc on ! ne$ = all memb]    

/ates to adopt measures favor+ access to
 books = ! h&icapp$ us]s t c't use /&>d 
books1 especially by promot+ accessible 
=mats4 ,t5 ye>s lat]1 !re is /ill a lot 
to d4    #bjjc  ,,! ,,public ,,libr>y   
,,( ,,sci5ce   ,summ>y ,! ,public       
,libr>y ( ,sci5ce 7,p,lo,s7 0 f\nd$ 9   
,octob] #bjjj 9 ,cali=nia z a non-pr(it 
organization ^: mission 0 to give access
 to ! _w's sci5tific & m$ical lit]ature4
 ,9 e>ly #bjjc1 ,p,lo,s creat$ a        
non-pr(it sci5tific & m$ical publi%+    
v5ture to provide sci5ti/s & physicians 
) free high-quality1 high-pr(ile onl9e  
j\rnals 9 :i* to publi% _! "w4 ,!       
j\rnals 7 ,p,lo,s ,biology 7laun*$ 9    
#bjjc71 ,p,lo,s ,m$ic9e 7#bjjd71 ,p,lo,s
 ,g5etics 7#bjje71 ,p,lo,s              
,computational ,biology 7#bjje71 ,p,lo,s
 ,pa?og5s 7#bjje71 ,p,lo,s ,cl9ical     
,trials 7#bjjf71 & ,p,lo,s ,neglect$    
,tropical ,diseases 7#bjjg71 ! fir/     
sci5tific j\rnal on ?is topic4 ,all     
,p,lo,s articles are freely available   
onl9e1 on ! websites ( ,p,lo,s & 9 !    

public ar*ive ,pub,med ,c5tral1 run by !
 ,national ,libr>y ( ,m$ic9e4 ,!        
articles c be freely r$i/ribut$ & reus$ 
"u a ,creative ,commons lic5se1 includ+ 
= translations1 z long z ! au?or7s7 &   
s\rce are cit$4  999999  ,f\nd$ 9       
,octob] #bjjj1 ! ,public ,libr>y (      
,sci5ce 7,p,lo,s7 creat$ a non-pr(it    
sci5tific & m$ical publi%+ v5ture 9 e>ly
 #bjjc1 to provide sci5ti/s & physicians
 ) free high-quality1 high-pr(ile onl9e 
j\rnals 9 :i* to publi% _! "w4   ,p,lo,s
 z a cataly/  ,) ! int]net be+ a p[]ful 
m$ium to dissem9ate in=mation1 x seems q
 outrage\s t ! results ( rese>* --      
orig9al works requir+ _m ye>s ( ef=ts --
 are squatt$ by publi%]s claim+ own]%ip 
on ^! works1 & sell+ !m at a high price4
 ,! "w ( rese>*]s is (t5 publicly fund$1
 especially 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,x w\ld    
!re=e seem appropriate t ! sci5tific    
community & ! g5]al public c freely     
enjoy ! results ( ?is rese>*4 #a1jjj new
 sci5tific & m$ical articles review$ by 
pe]s 7 publi%$ daily 9 #bjjj1 ) few ( !m

 free available on ! int]net4  ,!       
,public ,libr>y ( ,sci5ce 7,p,lo,s7 0   
f\nd$ 9 ,octob] #bjjj 9 ,san ,francisco1
 ,cali=nia1 z a non-pr(it organization  
^: mission 0 to make ! _w's sci5tific & 
m$ical lit]ature a public res\rce 9 free
 onl9e ar*ives4 ,in/ead ( in=mation     
dissem9at$ 9 millions ( reports & ?\s&s 
( onl9e j\rnals1 a s+le po9t w\ld give  
access to ! full cont5t ( ^! articles1 )
 a se>* eng9e & hyp]l9ks betwe5         
articles4  ,p,lo,s po/$ an op5 lett]    
reque/+ ! articles pres5tly publi%$ by  
j\rnals to be di/ribut$ freely 9 onl9e  
ar*ives1 & ask+ rese>*]s to promote !   
publi%]s will+ to support ?is project4  
,f ,octob] #bjjj to ,septemb] #bjjb1 !  
op5 lett] 0 sign$ by #cj1jjj sci5ti/s f 
#ahj c\ntries4 ,! publi%]s' answ] 0 mu* 
less en?usia/ic1 al?\gh a numb] (       
publi%]s agre$ = _! articles to be      
di/ribut$ freely imm$iately aft]        
publication1 or six mon?s aft]          
publication4 ,b ev5 ! publi%]s :o       
initially agre$ to support ! project    

made s _m objections t x 0 f9ally       
ab&on$4   ,p,lo,s z a publi%]  ,ano!r   
objective ( ,p,lo,s 0 to become a       
publi%] :ile creat+ a new model ( onl9e 
publi%+ bas$ on free dissem9ation ( k4  
,9 e>ly #bjjc1 ,p,lo,s creat$ a         
non-pr(it sci5tific & m$ical publi%+    
v5ture to provide sci5ti/s & physicians 
) free high-quality1 high-pr(ile j\rnals
 9 :i* to publi% _! "w4 ,! j\rnals 7    
,p,lo,s ,biology 7laun*$ 9 #bjjc71      
,p,lo,s ,m$ic9e 7#bjjd71 ,p,lo,s        
,g5etics 7#bjje71 ,p,lo,s ,computational
 ,biology 7#bjje71 ,p,lo,s ,pa?og5s     
7#bjje71 ,p,lo,s ,cl9ical ,trials       
7#bjjf7 & ,p,lo,s ,neglect$ ,tropical   
,diseases 7#bjjg71 ! fir/ sci5tific     
j\rnal on ?is topic4  ,all ,p,lo,s      
articles are freely available onl9e1 on 
! websites ( ,p,lo,s & 9 ! public ar*ive
 ,pub,med ,c5tral1 run by ! ,national   
,libr>y ( ,m$ic9e4 ,! articles c be     
freely r$i/ribut$ & reus$ "u a ,creative
 ,commons lic5se1 includ+ =             
translations1 z long z ! au?or7s7 &     

s\rce are cit$4 ,p,lo,s also laun*$     
,p,lo,s ,,"o1 an onl9e =um :]e p c      
publi% articles on any subject relat+ to
 sci5ce or m$ic9e4  ,?ree ye>s aft] !y 7
 creat$1 ,p,lo,s ,biology & ,p,lo,s     
,m$ic9e _h ! same reputation = excell5ce
 z ! lead+ j\rnals ,nature1 ,sci5ce & ,!
 ,new ,engl& ,j\rnal ( ,m$ic9e4 ,p,lo,s 
receiv$ f9ancial support f sev]al       
f\ndations  :ile develop+ a viable      
economic model f fees paid by publi%$   
au?ors1 adv]tis+1 sponsor%ip1 & paid    
activities organiz$ = ,p,lo,s memb]s4   
,p,lo,s also hopes to enc\rage o!r      
publi%]s to adopt ! op5 access model1 or
 to conv]t _! exi/+ j\rnals to an op5   
access model4    #bjjd  ,,! ,,web #b4j1 
,,community ,,& ,,%>+   ,summ>y ,! t]m  
web #b4j 0 inv5t$ 9 #bjjd by ,tim       
,o',reilly1 a publi%] ( comput] books1 z
 a title = a s]ies ( conf]5ces he 0     
organiz+4 ,! web #b4j has be5 bas$ on   
community & %>+1 ) a weal? ( websites ^:
 cont5t has be5 suppli$ by us]s1 su* z  
blogs1 wikis1 social networks &         

collaborative encyclop$ias4 ,wikip$ia1  
,facebook & ,twitt]1 ( c\rse1 b also t5s
 ( ?\s&s ( o!rs4 ,! web #b4j may beg9 to
 fulfill ! dream ( ,tim ,b]n]s- ,lee1 :o
 inv5t$ ! web 9 #aiij1 & wrote 9 an     
essay dat$ ,april #aiih3 ,! dream beh9d 
! web is ( a common in=mation space 9   
:i* we communicate by %>+ in=mation4    
,its univ]sality is ess5tial3 ! fact t a
 hyp]text l9k c po9t to any?+1 be x     
p]sonal1 local or global1 be x draft or 
highly poli%$4 7,! ,_w ,wide ,web3 ,a v 
%ort p]sonal hi/ory1 available on 8     
webpage on ! ,w#c;,c website7  999999   
,! t]m web #b4j 0 inv5t$ 9 #bjjd by ,tim
 ,o',reilly1 a publi%] ( comput] books1 
z a title = a s]ies ( conf]5ces he 0    
organiz+4  ,! web #b4j 0 bas$ on        
community & %>+1 ) a weal? ( websites ^:
 cont5t 0 suppli$ by us]s1 su* z blogs1 
wikis1 social networks & collaborative  
encyclop$ias4 ,wikip$ia1 ,facebook &    
,twitt]1 ( c\rse1 b also t5s ( ?\s&s (  
o!rs4  ,! web #b4j may beg9 to fulfill !
 dream ( ,tim ,b]n]s-,lee1 :o inv5t$ !  

web 9 #aiij1 & wrote 9 ,april #aiih 9 an
 essay3 ,! dream beh9d ! web is ( a     
common in=mation space 9 :i* we         
communicate by %>+ in=mation4 ,its      
univ]sality is ess5tial3 ! fact t a     
hyp]text l9k c po9t to any?+1 be x      
p]sonal1 local or global1 be x draft or 
highly poli%$40 7,! ,_w ,wide ,web3 ,a v
 %ort p]sonal hi/ory1 available on 8    
webpage on ! ,w#c;,c website7  ,! fir/  
blog 0 laun*$ 9 #aiig4 ,a blog is an    
onl9e di>y kept by a p]son or a gr\p1   
usually 9 rev]se *ronological ord]1 & c 
be updat$ e m9ute or once a mon?4 ,!re 7
 #ad million blogs worldwide 9 ,july    
#bjje1 ) #hj1jjj new blogs p] day4      
,accord+ to ,te*norati1 ! fir/ blog se>*
 eng9e1 !re 7 #fe million blogs 9       
,decemb] #bjjf1 ) #age1jjj new blogs p] 
day4 ,"s blogs are devot$ to photos     
7photoblogs71 music 7audioblogs or      
podca/s71 & videos 7vlogs or            
videoblogs74  ,! wiki concept became q  
popul> 9 #bjjj4 ,d]iv+ f ! ,hawaiian t]m
 wiki 7fa/71 a wiki is a website all[+  

multiple us]s to collaborate onl9e on ! 
same project4 ,us]s c contribute to     
draft+ cont5t1 edit+ x1 improv+ x1 &    
updat+ x4 ,! s(tw>e c be simple or m    
elaborate4 ,a simple program h&les text 
& hyp]l9ks4 ,) a m elaborate program1 "o
 c emb$ images1 *>ts1 tables1 etc4 ,!   
mo/ fam\s wiki is ,wikip$ia4  ,facebook 
0 f\nd$ 9 ,febru>y #bjjd by ,m>k        
,zuck]b]g & 8 fell[ /ud5ts z a social   
network4 ,orig9ally creat$ = ! /ud5ts ( 
,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 x 0 !n available to  
/ud5ts f any univ]sity 9 ! ,u4,s4 be=e  
be+ op5 to anyone worldwide 9 ,septemb] 
#bjjf1 to connect ) relatives1 fri5ds & 
/rang]s4 ,facebook 0 ! second mo/ visit$
 website aft] ,google1 ) #ejj million   
us]s 9 ,june #bjaj1 :ile sp>k+ debates  
on privacy issues4  ,f\nd$ 9 #bjjf by   
,jack ,dorsey & ,biz ,/one1 ,twitt] is a
 social network+ & micro-blogg+ tool to 
s5d free %ort messages ( #adj *>act]s   
maximum1 call$ tweets1 via ! int]net1   
,,im or ,,sms4 ,sometimes describ$ z !  
,,sms ( ! int]net1 ,twitt] ga9$         

worldwide popul>ity1 ) #ajf million us]s
 9 ,april #bjaj1 & #cjj1jjj new us]s p] 
day4 ,z = tweets1 !re 7 #e1jjj p] day 9 
#bjjg1 #cjj1jjj 9 #bjjh1 #b4e million 9 
#bjji1 #ej million 9 ,janu>y #bjaj1 &   
#ee million 9 ,april #bjaj1 ) ! ar*iv+ (
 public tweets by ! ,libr>y ( ,congress 
z a reflection ( ! tr5ds ( our "t4  ,we 
n[ try to fullfill ! second "p ( ,tim   
,b]n]s-,lee's dream1 accord+ to 8 essay 
dat$ ,april #aiih3 8,!re 0 a second "p (
 ! dream1 too1 dep5d5t on ! web be+ s   
g5]ally us$ t x became a reali/ic mirror
 7or 9 fact ! prim>y embodim5t7 ( ! ways
 9 :i* we "w & play & socialize4 ,t 0 t 
once ! /ate ( our int]actions 0 onl9e1  
we c\ld !n use comput]s to help u       
analyze x1 make s5se ( :at we are do+1  
:]e we individually fit 91 & h[ we c    
bett] "w toge!r4    #bjje  ,,f ,,pdas   
,,to ,,sm>tphones   ,summ>y ,9 ,april   
#bjja1 !re 7 #ag million ,p,d,as v]sus  
#ajj1jjj ebook read]s worldwide1 accord+
 to a ,seybold ,report available onl9e4 
,! ,palm ,pilot 0 laun*$ z ! fir/ ,,pda 

9 ,m>* #aiif1 ) #bc million ,palm       
,pilots sold betwe5 #aiif & #bjjb4 ,palm
 /ay$ ! lead] -- #cf4h ( ,p,d,as 7 ,palm
 ,pilots 9 #bjjb -- despite a fi]ce     
competition f ,micros(t's ,pocket ,,pc &
 ! ,p,d,as ( ,hewlett-,pack>d1 ,sony1   
,h&spr+1 ,to%iba & ,casio4 ,! ma9       
plat=ms 7 ,palm ,,os 7= #ee ( ,p,d,as7 &
 ,pocket ,,pc 7= #be1g ( ,p,d,as74 ,p   
read+ on ,p,d,as c\ld read on           
,mobipocket ,read] 7available 9 ,m>*    
#bjjj71 ,micros(t ,read] 7,april #bjjj71
 ,palm ,read] 7,m>* #bjja71 ,acrobat    
,read] 7,may #bjja = ,palm ,pilot1 &    
,decemb] #bjja = ,pocket ,,pc71 & f9ally
 ,adobe ,read] 7,may #bjjc71 t replac$  
,acrobat ,read] to read bo? /&>d ,,pdf  
files & secure ,,pdf files ( copyright$ 
books4 ,p,d,as 7 !n replac$ by          
sm>tphones1 f ! ,nokia #ibaj 9 #bjja to 
! i,phone 9 ,april #bjjg4  999999  ,9   
,april #bjja1 !re 7 #ag million ,p,d,as 
v]sus #ajj1jjj ebook read]s worldwide1  
accord+ to a ,seybold ,report available 
onl9e4 ,9 #bjje1 ,p,d,as 7 replac$ )    

sm>tphones4   ,! ,palm ,pilot  ,! ,palm 
,pilot 0 laun*$ z ! fir/ ,,pda 9 ,m>*   
#aiif1 ) #bc million ,palm ,pilots sold 
betwe5 #aiif & #bjjb4 ,9 ,july #bjjb1 ! 
,palm ,read] 0 also available =         
comput]s1 & ,palm ,digital ,m$ia1       
,palm's digital book/ore 7lat] r5am$    
,palm e,book ,/ore71 0 (f]+ #e1ejj      
ebooks 9 sev]al languages4 #aj1jjj      
ebooks 7 available 9 #bjjc4  ,"s book   
pr(essionals 7 worri$ ab\t read+ on su* 
a small scre51 :]eas ,,pda us]s f\nd t !
 scre5 size wasn't a problem at all to  
read a good book on a pocket-size       
multifunction device4   ,! e,book,man   
,frankl9's e,book,man 0 a h&held device 
to read books on ! ,frankl9 ,read]1 )   
/&>d ,,pda functions 7cal5d>1 voice     
record]1 etc474 ,9 ,octob] #bjjj1 !     
device receiv$ ! e,book ,te*nology ,aw>d
 at ! ,int]national ,book ,fair 9       
,frankfurt1 ,g]many4 ,?ree models       
7,,ebm-#ijj1 ,,ebm-#ija1 ,,ebm-#iaa7 7  
available 9 e>ly #bjja1 ) a ,,ram size (
 #h or #af ,,mb1 & a backlit or n ,,lcd 

scre54 ,! scre5 0 l>ge comp>$ to o!r    
h&held devices1 b only 9 black & :ite1  
unlike ! ,pocket ,,pc & "s ,palm        
,pilots4 ,p c\ld also li/5 to audiobooks
 & ,,mp#c music files4 ,9 ,octob] #bjja1
 ! e,book,man (f]$ ! ,mobipocket ,read] 
alongside ! ,frankl9 ,read]1 & !        
,frankl9 ,read] 0 also available = !    
,pocket ,,pc & = models f ,psion1 ,palm 
& ,nokia4 ,frankl9 develop$ a digital   
book/ore :ile p>tn]+ ) o!r companies1 = 
example ) ,audible4com to access its    
collection ( #d1ejj audiobooks4   ,o!r  
,p,d,as  ,palm /ay$ ! lead] - #cf4h (   
,p,d,as 7 ,palm ,pilots 9 #bjjb --      
despite a fi]ce competition f           
,micros(t's ,pocket ,,pc & f ! ,p,d,as (
 ,hewlett-,pack>d1 ,sony1 ,h&spr+1      
,to%iba & ,casio4 ,! ma9 plat=ms 7 ,palm
 ,,os 7= #ee ( ,p,d,as7 & ,pocket ,,pc  
7= #be1g ( ,p,d,as74  ,p read+ on _!    
,p,d,as c\ld use ,mobipocket ,read]     
7available s9ce ,m>* #bjjj71 ,micros(t  
,read] 7,april #bjjj71 ,palm ,read]     
7,m>* #bjja71 ,acrobat ,read] 7,may     

#bjja = ,palm ,pilot1 & ,decemb] #bjja =
 ,pocket ,,pc71 & f9ally ,adobe ,read]  
7,may #bjjc7 t replac$ ,acrobat ,read]  
to read bo? /&>d ,,pdf files & secure   
,,pdf files ( copyright$ books4         
,publi%]s began to digitize _! books &  
sell digital v]sions onl9e 9 v>i\s =mats
 7,,lit1 ,,prc1 ,,pdf1 ,oe,b71 on _! own
 websites or 9 ! digital book/ores (    
,amazon1 ,b>nes  ,noble1 ,palm1         
,mobipocket1 ,numilog1 & ! likes4       
,sm>tphones  ,9 #bjjd1 prices ( ,p,d,as 
began to drop1 ) ! lead]s /ill be+      
,palm1 ,sony & ,hewlett-,pack>d4 ,p     
began buy+ sm>tphones in/ead ( ,p,d,as4 
,! fir/ sm>tphone 0 ,nokia #ibaj1 laun*$
 z e>ly z #bjja ) a ,symbian plat=m 1 & 
foll[$ by ,nokia ,s]ies #fj1 ,sony      
,ericsson ,p#hjj1 & ! sm>tphones (      
,motorola & ,siem5s4 ,sony /opp+ sell+  
,p,d,as 9 ,febru>y #bjje4 #c1g (        
cellphones sold 9 #bjjd 7 sm>tphones4 #i
 ( cellphones sold 9 #bjjf 7 sm>tphones1
 ) #ij million sm>tphones sold = "o     
billion cell phones4 ,apple laun*$ !    

i,phone 9 ,june #bjjg 9 ! ,u4,s41 9 late
 #bjjg 9 ,europe & 9 #bjjh 9 ,asia4     
,w\ld p pref] read+ on mobile h&sets l !
 i,phone #c;,g 7) its ,/anza ,read]7 or 
! ,t-,mobile ,g#a 7) ,google's plat=m   
,&roid & its read]71 or w\ld !y pref]   
us+ ebook read]s8 ,0 !re a m>ket = bo?  
sm>tphones & ebook read]s8 ,^! 7 "s ( ! 
fasc9at+ issues discuss$ at ! "t4       
#bjje  ,,f ,,google ,,pr9t ,,to ,,google
 ,,books   ,summ>y ,google laun*$       
,google ,pr9t 9 ,may #bjje1 foll[$ by   
,google ,books 9 ,augu/ #bjjf1 :ile     
/ruggl+ ) associations ( au?ors &       
publi%]s4 ,! beta v]sion ( ,google ,pr9t
 w5t live 9 ,may #bjje1 )3 7a7 a project
 aim$ at publi%]s1 laun*$ 9 ,octob]     
#bjjd2 & 7b7 a project int5d$ =         
libr>ies1 laun*$ 9 ,decemb] #bjjd4 ,?ree
 mon?s lat]1 ,google ,pr9t 0 /opp$ until
 fur!r notice because ( lawsuits fil$ by
 associations ( au?ors & publi%]s =     
copyright infr+em5t4 ,! program resum$ 9
 ,augu/ #bjjf "u ! new "n ( ,google     
,books4 ,google ,books />t$ (f]+ books  

digitiz$ 9 ! p>ticipat+ libr>ies        
7,h>v>d1 ,/an=d1 ,mi*igan1 ,ox=d1       
,cali=nia1 ,virg9ia1 ,wiscons9-,madison1
 ,complut5se ( ,madrid1 & ,new ,york    
,public ,libr>y71 ) ei!r ! full text =  
public doma9 books or exc]pts =         
copyright$ books4 ,o!r libr>ies jo9$ !n4
 ,google also tri$ to settle a lawsuit )
 associations ( au?ors & publi%]s 9     
,octob] #bjjh4 ,a agreem5t has n be     
rea*$ yet 7z ( ,july #bjaa74  999999    
,google laun*$ ,google ,pr9t 9 ,may     
#bjje1 foll[$ by ,google ,books 9 ,augu/
 #bjjf1 :ile /ruggl+ ) associations (   
au?ors & publi%]s4  ,! beta v]sion (    
,google ,pr9t w5t live 9 ,may #bjje1    
aft] two e>li] /eps4 ,9 ,octob] #bjjd1  
,google laun*$ ! fir/ "p ( ,google ,pr9t
 z a project aim$ at publi%]s1 = int]net
 us]s to be able to see exc]pts ( books 
& ord] !m onl9e4 ,9 ,decemb] #bjjd1     
,google laun*$ ! second "p ( ,google    
,pr9t z a project int5d$ = libr>ies1 to 
build up a digital libr>y ( #ae million 
books by digitiz+ ! collections ( major 

p>tn] libr>ies1 beg9n+ ) ! libr>ies ( ! 
,univ]sities ( ,mi*igan 7#g million     
books71 ,h>v>d1 ,/an=d & ,ox=d1 & ! ,new
 ,york ,public ,libr>y4 ,! plann$ co/ 9 
#bjjd 0 an av]age ( ,,u #aj p] book1 & a
 total budget ( #aej to #bjj million =  
t5 ye>s4 ,?ree mon?s lat]1 ,google ,pr9t
 0 /opp$ until fur!r notice because (   
lawsuits fil$ by associations ( au?ors &
 publi%]s = copyright infr+em5t4  ,!    
program resum$ 9 ,augu/ #bjjf "u ! new  
"n ( ,google ,books4 ,! p>ticipat+      
libr>ies n[ also includ$ ! libr>ies ( ! 
,univ]sities ( ,cali=nia1 ,virg9ia1 &   
,wiscons9-,madison1 & ! ,complut5se (   
,madrid4 ,google ,books provid$ a full  
text = public doma9 books1 & exc]pts =  
copyright$ books4 ,accord+ to "s m$ia   
buzz1 ,google 0 scann+ #c1jjj books a   
day4  ,aft] ?ree ye>s ( conflict1       
,google rea*$ a settlem5t 9 ,octob]     
#bjjh ) associations ( au?ors &         
publi%]s1 ) an agreem5t to be sign$ dur+
 ! next ye>s4 ,! inclusion ( copyright$ 
works 9 ,google ,books _h be5 widely    

criticiz$ by au?ors & publi%]s          
worldwide4 ,9 ! ,u4,s41 lawsuits 7 fil$ 
by ! ,au?ors ,guild & ! ,association (  
,am]ican ,publi%]s 7,,aap7 = alleg$     
copyright infr+em5t4 ,! assumption 0 t !
 full scann+ & digitiz+ ( copyright$    
books infr+$ copyright laws1 ev5 if only
 snippets 7 made freely available1 :]eas
 ,google ?\ght ?is 0 fair use1 ref]r+ to
 %ort exc]pts f copyright$ books t c\ld 
be lawfully quot$ 9 ano!r book or       
website1 z long z ! s\rce 7au?or1 title1
 publi%]7 0 m5tion$4  ,z ( ,decemb]     
#bjjh1 ,google _h #bd libr>y p>tn]s1    
includ+ a ,swiss "o 7,univ]sity ,libr>y 
( ,lausanne71 a ,fr5* "o 7,lyon         
,municipal ,libr>y71 a ,belgian "o      
7,gh5t ,univ]sity ,libr>y71 a ,g]man "o 
7,bav>ian ,/ate ,libr>y71 two ,spani%   
ones 7,national ,libr>y ( ,catalonia1 & 
,univ]sity ,complut5se ( ,madrid71 & a  
,japanese "o 7,keio ,univ]sity ,libr>y74
 ,! ,u4,s4 p>tn] libr>ies 71 p]         
alphabetical ord]3 ,columbia ,univ]sity1
 ,committee on ,in/itutional ,coop]ation

 7,,cic71 ,cornell ,univ]sity ,libr>y1  
,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 ,new ,york ,public   
,libr>y1 ,ox=d ,univ]sity1 ,pr9ceton    
,univ]sity1 ,/an=d ,univ]sity1          
,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,univ]sity (    
,mi*igan1 ,univ]sity ( ,texas at ,au/91 
,univ]sity ( ,virg9ia1 & ,univ]sity (   
,wiscons9-,madison4    #bjje  ,,! ,,op5 
,,cont5t ,,alliance1 ,a ,,univ]sal      
,,libr>y   ,summ>y ,/>t+ ) an idea f !  
,int]net ,ar*ive1 ! ,op5 ,cont5t        
,alliance 7,,oca7 0 laun*$ 9 ,octob]    
#bjje z a global ef=t f a gr\p (        
cultural1 te*nology1 non pr(it1 &       
gov]nm5tal organizations to build 8a    
digital ar*ive ( global cont5t =        
univ]sal access0 & (f] a p]man5t        
repository ( multil+ual text & multim$ia
 cont5t4 ,! fir/ #ajj1jjj ebooks 7      
available 9 ! ,int]net ,ar*ive 9        
,decemb] #bjjf1 ) #ab1jjj new ebooks    
po/$ p] mon?4 ,unlike ,google ,books1   
,,oca books are se>*able & d[nloadable  
?r\gh any web se>* eng9e1 & don't       
include copyright$ books1 unless !      

copyright hold] has expressly giv5      
p]mission4 ,! fir/ contributors to ,,oca
 7 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 !          
,univ]sity ( ,toronto1 ! ,european      
,ar*ive1 ! ,national ,ar*ives 9 ,unit$  
,k+dom1 ,o',reilly ,m$ia1 & ! ,prel+]   
,ar*ives4 ,"o million ebooks 7 available
 9 ! ,int]net ,ar*ive 9 ,decemb] #bjjh1 
& two million ebooks 9 ,m>* #bjaj4      
999999  ,/>t+ ) an idea f ! ,int]net    
,ar*ive1 ! ,op5 ,cont5t ,alliance       
7,,oca7 0 laun*$ 9 ,octob] #bjje z a    
ef=t to build 8a digital ar*ive ( global
 cont5t = univ]sal access04  ,! goal 0  
to (f] a p]man5t repository ( multil+ual
 text & multim$ia cont5t4 ,! fir/       
#ajj1jjj ebooks 7 available 9 ! ,int]net
 ,ar*ive 9 ,decemb] #bjjf1 ) #ab1jjj new
 ebooks po/$ p] mon?4  ,:at exactly is !
 ,int]net ,ar*ive8 ,f\nd$ 9 ,april #aiif
 by ,brew/] ,kahle 9 ,san ,francisco1   
,cali=nia1 ! ,int]net ,ar*ive is a non- 
pr(it organization t has built an       
int]net libr>y to (f] p]man5t access to 
hi/orical collections 9 digital =mat =  

rese>*]s1 hi/orians & s*ol>s4 ,an ar*ive
 ( ! web has be5 /or$ e two mon?s or s  
s9ce #aiif1 & has be5 freely available  
?r\gh ! ,wayback ,ma*9e s9ce ,octob]    
#bjja4 ,z a nonpr(it digital libr>y     
d$icat$ to provid+ univ]sal access to   
human k1 ! ,int]net ,ar*ive has also    
become a digital libr>y ( text1 audio1  
s(tw>e1 image & video cont5t4  ,z       
expla9$ 9 #bjjg on ! ,,oca website1     
,,oca is a collaborative ef=t ( a gr\p (
 cultural1 te*nology1 nonpr(it1 &       
gov]nm5tal organizations f ar\nd ! _w t 
helps build a p]man5t ar*ive (          
multil+ual digitiz$ text & multim$ia    
mat]ial4 ,an ar*ive ( contribut$ mat]ial
 is available on ! ,int]net ,ar*ive     
website & ?r\gh ,yahoo6 & o!r se>*      
eng9es & sites4 ,! ,,oca enc\rages      
access to & reuse ( collections 9 !     
ar*ive1 :ile respect+ ! cont5t own]s &  
contributors4  ,unlike ,google ,books1  
,,oca books are se>*able & d[nloadable  
?r\gh any web se>* eng9e1 & don't       
include copyright$ books1 unless !      

copyright hold] has expressly giv5      
p]mission4 ,! fir/ contributors to ,,oca
 7 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 !          
,univ]sity ( ,toronto1 ! ,european      
,ar*ive1 ! ,national ,ar*ives 9 ,unit$  
,k+dom1 ,o',reilly ,m$ia1 & ! ,prel+]   
,ar*ives4  ,9 #bjjf1 ,micros(t1 :ile be+
 "o ( ! ,,oca p>tn]s1 began develop+ its
 own digital libr>y4 ,! beta v]sion (   
,micros(t ,live ,se>* ,books 0 releas$ 9
 ,decemb] #bjjf1 ) a collection ( non   
copyright$ books digitiz$ by ,micros(t 9
 p>tn] libr>ies4 ,! fir/ p>tn] libr>ies 
7 ! ,briti% ,libr>y & ! libr>ies ( !    
,univ]sities ( ,cali=nia & ,toronto1    
foll[$ 9 ,janu>y #bjjg by ! ,new ,york  
,public ,libr>y & ,cornell ,univ]sity   
,libr>y4 ,books (f]$ full text views1 ) 
a se>* by keyword1 & c\ld be d[nload$ z 
,,pdf files4 ,9 ,may #bjjg1 ,micros(t   
ann\nc$ agreem5ts ) sev]al publi%]s1 =  
example ,cambridge ,univ]sity ,press &  
,mc,graw ,hill1 = _! books to be        
available 9 ,live ,se>* ,books4 ,aft]   
digitiz+ #gej1jjj books & index+ #hj    

million j\rnal articles1 ,micros(t end$ 
! ,live ,se>* ,books program 9 ,may     
#bjjh & clos$ ! website4 ,all ! digitiz$
 books 7 transf]r$ into ! ,,oca         
collection ( ! ,int]net ,ar*ive4  ,!    
,,oca collection (f]$ "o million books 9
 ,decemb] #bjjh1 & two million books 9  
,m>* #bjaj4    #bjjf  ,,! ,,union       
,,catalog ,,worldcat ,,on ,,! ,,web     
,summ>y ,9 ,augu/ #bjjf1 ,world,cat1 a  
union catalog run by ,,oclc 7,onl9e     
,comput] ,libr>y ,c5t]71 began migrat+  
to ! web ) a v]sion available = free4   
,,oclc 0 f\nd$ z e>ly z #aiga z a       
non-pr(it organization d$icat$ to fur!r+
 access to ! _w's in=mation :ile r$uc+  
in=mation co/s4 ,9 #bjje1 ,world,cat _h 
#fa million bibliographic records 9 #djj
 languages1 provid$ by #i1jjj memb]     
libr>ies 9 #aab c\ntries4 ,9 #bjjf1 #gc 
million bibliographic records 7 l9k+ to 
"o billion docum5ts available 9 ^!      
libr>ies4 ,?r\gh ! curr5t worldcat4org1 
memb] libr>ies h provid$ free access to 
_! catalogs1 & free or paid access to _!

 electronic res\rces3 books1 audiobooks1
 ab/racts & full-text articles1 photos1 
music ,c,ds1 & videos4 ,9 ,april #bjaj1 
#a1e billion docum5ts c\ld be locat$    
&_/or access$ us+ ,world,cat4 ,! o!r ma9
 union catalog 0 run by ,,rlg 7,rese>*  
,librairies ,gr\p71 t m]g$ ) ,,oclc 9   
,novemb] #bjjf4  999999  ,9 ,augu/      
#bjjf1 ,world,cat1 a union catalog run  
by ,,oclc 7,onl9e ,comput] ,libr>y      
,c5t]71 began migrat+ to ! web ) a      
v]sion available = free4  ,world,cat    
foll[$ ! /eps ( ,,rlg 7,rese>* ,libr>ies
 ,gr\p71 t laun*$ ! free web v]sion ( ! 
,,rlg ,union ,catalog1 call$            
,red,light,green1 9 fall #bjjc1 ) a full
 v]sion available 9 spr+ #bjjd4  ,,oclc 
& ,,rlg 7 runn+ ! two l>ge/ union       
catalogs 9 ! _w4  ,:at exactly is a     
union catalog8 ,! idea beh9d a union    
catalog is to e>n "t by avoid+ !        
catalog+ ( ! same docum5t by _m         
catalog]s worldwide4 ,:5 catalog]s ( a  
memb] libr>y 7paid subscription7 process
 a new docum5t1 !y fir/ se>* ! union    

catalog4 ,if ! record is available1 !y  
import x into _! own catalog & add !    
local data4 ,if ! record is n available1
 !y create x 9 _! own catalog & export x
 into ! union catalog1 = ! new record to
 be in/antly available to all catalog]s 
( memb] libr>ies4 ,dep5d+ on _! /atus & 
exp]i5ce1 memb] libr>ies c ei!r import  
records only1 or bo? import & export    
records4  ,,oclc 7,onl9e ,comput]       
,libr>y ,c5t]7 0 creat$ 9 #aiga z a non-
 pr(it organization d$icat$ to fur!r+   
access to ! _w's in=mation :ile r$uc+   
in=mation co/s4 ,! ,,oclc ,onl9e ,union 
,catalog1 lat] r5am$ ,world,cat1 0 fir/ 
! union catalog ( ! univ]sity libr>ies 9
 ! ,/ate ( ,ohio1 be=e becom+ a national
 libr>y coop]ative & !n an organization 
spread+ worldwide1 ) ,world,cat becom+  
"o ( ! two l>ge/ union catalogs 9 ! _w  
7! o!r "o be+ ,,rl974 ,9 e>ly #aiih1    
,world,cat _h #ch million records 9 #djj
 languages1 & #bg1jjj memb] libr>ies 9  
#fe c\ntries1 ) #b million records add$ 
annually4  ,world,cat only accept$ "o   

bibliographic record p] docum5t1 unlike 
,,rl91 laun*$ by ,,rlg 9 #aihj1 t       
accept$ sev]al records p] docum5t1 ) #hh
 million records 9 e>ly #aiih4 ,,rlg    
memb]s 7 ma9ly rese>* & specializ$      
libr>ies4 ,,rl9 0 lat] r5am$ ! ,,rlg    
,union ,catalog4 ,its free web v]sion   
,red,light,green 0 laun*$ 9 fall #bjjc z
 a beta v]sion1 & 9 spr+ #bjjd z a full 
v]sion4  ,9 ! meantime1 ,world,cat _h   
#fa million bibliographic records 9 #djj
 languages 9 #bjje1 f #i1jjj memb]      
libr>ies 9 #aab c\ntries4 ,9 #bjjf1 #gc 
million bibliographic records 7 l9k+ to 
"o billion docum5ts available 9 ^!      
libr>ies4  ,9 ,augu/ #bjjf1 ,world,cat  
began migrat+ to ! web ) ! beta v]sion (
 its new website worldcat4org4 ,memb]   
libr>ies h provid$ free access to _!    
catalogs1 & free or paid access to _!   
electronic res\rces3 books1 audiobooks1 
ab/racts & full-text articles1 photos1  
music ,c,ds & videos4 ,red,light,green  
clos$ its site 9 ,novemb] #bjjf1 & ,,rlg
 m]g$ ) ,,oclc4 ,9 ,april #bjaj1 #a1e   

billion docum5ts c\ld be locat$ &_/or   
access$ us+ ,world,cat4    #bjjg  ,,!   
,,encyclop$ia ,,( ,,life1 ,a ,,global   
,,ef=t   ,summ>y ,! ,encyclop$ia ( ,life
 7,,eol7 0 laun*$ 9 ,may #bjjg z a      
global sci5tific ef=t to docum5t all    
kn[n species ( animals & plants 7#a4h   
million71 includ+ endang]$ species1 &   
exp$ite ! millions ( species yet to be  
discov]$ & catalog$ 7#f to #h million74 
,! encyclop$ia's honor>y *air is ,edw>d 
,wilson1 pr(essor em]itus at ,h>v>d     
,univ]sity1 :o1 9 an essay dat$ #bjjb1 0
 ! fir/ to express ! wi% = su* an       
encyclop$ia4 ,te*nology improvem5ts made
 x possible five ye>s lat] ) cont5t     
aggregators1 ma%-up1 wikis1 & l>ge scale
 cont5t managem5t4 ,! multim$ia         
encyclop$ia has ga!r$ texts1 photos1    
maps1 s\nd1 & videos1 ) a webpage = ea* 
species1 to provide a s+le portal =     
millions ( docum5ts scatt]$ onl9e &     
(fl9e4  ,! fir/ pages 7 available 9 mid-
 #bjjh4 ,! encyclop$ia w be translat$   
into o!r languages ) ! help ( p>tn]     

organizations4  999999  ,! ,encyclop$ia 
( ,life 0 laun*$ 9 ,may #bjjg z a global
 sci5tific ef=t to docum5t all kn[n     
species ( animals & plants4  ,!re are   
#a4h million species1 includ+ endang]$  
species1 & millions ( species yet to be 
discov]$ & catalog$1 probably #f to #h  
million4  ,?is collaborative ef=t is l$ 
by sev]al ma9 in/itutions3 ,field       
,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,h>v>d      
,univ]sity1 ,m>9e ,biological           
,laboratory1 ,miss\ri ,botanical ,g>d51 
,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 ,biodiv]sity   
,h]itage ,libr>y 7,,bhl74  ,! initial   
fund+ came f ! ,mac,arthur ,f\ndation   
7,,u #aj million7 & ! ,sloan ,f\ndation 
7#b4e million74 ,a #ajj million fund+   
ov] t5 ye>s w be necess>y be=e          
self-f9anc+4  ,! encyclop$ia's honor>y  
*air is ,edw>d ,wilson1 pr(essor em]itus
 at ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 :o1 9 an essay   
dat$ #bjjb1 0 ! fir/ to express ! wi% = 
su* an encyclop$ia4 ,te*nology          
improvem5ts made x possible five ye>s   
lat]1 ) cont5t aggregators1 ma%-up1     

wikis1 & l>ge scale cont5t managem5t4   
,bas$ on ! "w ( ?\s&s ( exp]ts ar\nd !  
globe1 ! multim$ia encyclop$ia w ga!r   
texts1 photos1 maps1 s\nd & videos1 ) a 
webpage = ea* species4 ,x w provide a   
s+le portal = millions ( docum5ts       
scatt]$ onl9e & (fl9e4 ,z a tea*+ &     
le>n+ tool = a bett] und]/&+ ( our      
planet1 ! encyclop$ia w rea* ev]yone3   
rese>*]s1 tea*]s1 /ud5ts1 pupils1 m$ia1 
policy mak]s1 & ! g5]al public1 :o w be 
able to contribute 9 a wiki-/yle        
environm5t1 ) contributions *eck$ by    
exp]ts4  ,z a consortium ( ! t5 l>ge/   
life sci5ce libr>ies1 ) o!r libr>ies to 
jo9 9 ! future1 ! ,biodiv]sity ,h]itage 
,libr>y 7,,bhl7 />t$ ! digitization ( #b
 million docum5ts f public doma9 spann+ 
ov] #bjj ye>s4 ,9 ,may #bjjg1 :5 !      
project 0 (ficially laun*$1 #a4be       
million pages 7 already digitiz$ 9      
,london1 ,bo/on & ,wa%+ton ,d4,c41 &    
available 9 ! ,int]net ,ar*ive4  ,! fir/
 pages ( ! encyclop$ia 7 design$ 9      
#bjjg1 & available 9 mid-#bjjh4 ,!      

encyclop$ia %\ld be fully op]ational 9  
#bjab & complet$ ) all kn[n species 9   
#bjag4 ,p w be able to use ! encyclop$ia
 z a macroscope to id5tify major tr5ds f
 a consid]able /ock ( in=mation -- 9 !  
same way !y use a microscope = ! /udy ( 
detail4 ,! ,engli% v]sion w be translat$
 9 sev]al languages by p>tn]            
organizations4    #bjjg  ,,! ,,future   
,,( ,,ebooks ,,se5 ,,f ,,france         
,summ>y ,m>c ,autret1 a j\rnali/ &      
graphic design]1 wrote 9 ,decemb] #bjjf3
 ,i am conv9c$ t ! ebook has a great    
future 9 all non-fiction sectors4 ,i    
ref] to ! ebook z a s(tw>e & n z a      
d$icat$ physical m$ium 7! conjecture is 
m unc]ta9 on ?is po9t74 7'''7           
,non-comm]cial ebooks are already em]g+ 
ev]y:]e :ile op5+ ! way to new          
developm5ts4 ,to my eyes1 !re are at    
lea/ two em]g+ tr5ds3 7a7 an increas+ly 
attractive & functional int]face =      
read+_/consultation 7navigation1 rese>*1
 re/ructur+ on ! fly1 us] annotations1  
int]active quiz72 7b7 a multim$ia       

integration 7video1 s\nd1 animat$       
graphics1 database7 n[ /rongly c\pl$ to 
! web4 ,no physical book (f]s su*       
features4 ,s ,i imag9e ! ebook ( !      
future z a k9d ( wiki cry/alliz$ &      
packag$ 9 a giv5 =mat4 ,h[ valuable w x 
be8 ,its value w be ! "o ( a book3 !    
unity & quality ( editorial "w6  999999 
,9 late #bjjf1 ,i laun*$ an inquiry ab\t
 h[ p 7 see+ ! future ( ebooks4 ,"h are 
! answ]s f ,pi]re ,s*weitz]1 ,d5is      
,zwirn & ,m>c ,autret1 ?ree ,fr5*       
8pione]s0 9 _! own fields4  ,pi]re      
,s*weitz] is ! inv5tor ( ! folio        
project1 a mobile device = texts4 ,he   
wrote 9 ,decemb] #bjjf3 ,! luck we all h
 is to live ?is fanta/ic *ange "h & n[4 
,:5 ,i 0 born 9 #aifc1 a comput] memory 
c\ld only hold a few pages ( *>act]s4   
,today1 my music play] c\ld hold        
billions ( pages1 a true local libr>y4  
,tomorr[1 by ! comb9$ effect ( ! ,moore 
,law & ! ubiquity ( networks1 we w h    
in/ant access to works & k4 ,we won't be
 mu* int]e/$ any m on :i* device to /ore

 in=mation4 ,we w be int]e/$ 9 h&y      
functions & beautiful objects4  ,d5is   
,zwirn is ! f\nd] ( ,numilog1 ! ma9     
,fr5*-language digital book/ore4 ,he    
wrote 9 ,augu/ #bjjg3 ,! digital book is
 n any m a topic = symposiums1          
conceptual def9itions1 or div9ation by  
"s 'exp]ts'4 ,x is a comm]cial product &
 a tool = read+4 ,!re is no ne$ to wait 
= "s new hyp]mod]n & hyp]textual tool   
c>efully or*e/rat+ its specificity f !  
pr9t book4 ,we ne$ to (f] books t c be  
easily read on any electronic device us$
 by cu/om]s1 soon] or lat] ) an         
electronic ink display4 ,& to (f] !m z  
an indu/ry4 ,! digital book is n1 & w   
nev] be1 a ni*e product 7diction>ies1   
travel guides1 books = ! bl9d74 ,x is   
becom+ a mass m>ket product1 ) multiple 
=ms1 l ! traditional book4  ,aft] be+ a 
j\rnali/ specializ$ 9 publi%+1 multim$ia
 & copyright1 ,m>c ,autret is a graphic 
design] work+ ) publi%]s4 ,he wrote 9   
,decemb] #bjjf3 ,i am conv9c$ t ! ebook 
has a great future 9 all non-fiction    

sectors4 ,i ref] to ! ebook z a s(tw>e &
 n z a d$icat$ physical m$ium 7!        
conjecture is m unc]ta9 on ?is po9t74 ,!
 ,european publi%]s ( guides1           
encyclop$ias & in=mative books 9 g5]al  
/ill see ! ebook z a v m9or v>iation ( !
 pr9t$ book1 probably because ! bus9ess 
model & secure managem5t don't seem     
entirely /abiliz$4 ,b ?is is a matt] (  
"t4 ,non-comm]cial ebooks are already   
em]g+ ev]y:]e :ile op5+ ! way to new    
developm5ts4  ,to my eyes1 !re are at   
lea/ two em]g+ tr5ds3 7a7 an increas+ly 
attractive & functional int]face =      
read+_/consultation 7navigation1 se>*+1 
re/ructur+ on ! fly1 annotations ( !    
us]1 int]active quiz72 7b7 a multim$ia  
integration 7video1 s\nd1 animat$       
graphics1 database7 n[ /rongly c\pl$ to 
! web4 ,no physical book (f]s su*       
features4 ,s ,i imag9e ! ebook ( !      
future z a k9d ( wiki cry/alliz$ &      
packag$ 9 a giv5 =mat4 ,h[ valuable w x 
be8 ,its value w be ! "o ( a book3 !    
unity & quality ( editorial "w6  ,m>c 0 

n happy ab\t ! 8competition0 betwe5     
,,pdf & ,,epub4 ,he add$ 9 ,june #bjaa3 
8,i d regret t ! em]g5ce ( ,,epub has l$
 to ! outright annihilation ( ,,pdf z a 
=mat = digital books4 ,! fact t         
int]activity elem5ts available )9 !     
,,pdf are n support$ by ! curr5t mobile 
plat=ms has remov$ any possibility (    
exp]im5t+ new ?+s 9 ?is direction1 t _h 
seem$ v promis+ to me4 ,:ile pr9t       
publi%+ gives place to _m diff]5t       
objects1 rang+ f ! c>efully design$ art 
book to ! basic book = ev]yday read+1 ! 
ebook m>ket has gr[n f ! />t on a       
totalit>ian & segregationi/ mode1       
comp>able to a w> betwe5 op]at+ sy/ems1 
r ?an favor+ a te*nical & cultural      
emulation4 ,because ( ?is1 !re are few  
,,pdf digital books b5efit+ f !         
opportunities giv5 by ?is =mat4  ,9 !   
unconsci\s collective m9d1 ,,pdf has    
/ay$ a k9d ( /atic duplicate ( ! pr9t   
book1 & nobody wants to see any o!r fate
 = him4 ,! ,,epub =mat1 :i* is no?+ b a 
comb9ation ( ,,xhtml_/,,css 7admitt$ly )

 ,java,script prospects71 consi/s 9     
putt+ ! digital book '9 phase )' ! web4 
,?is is a te*nology t has favor$        
/ructur$ cont5t1 b hasn't favor$        
typographic craft at all4 ,x has giv5 a 
n>r[ vision ( ! digital "w1 r$uc+ x to a
 fl[ ( in=mation4 ,we don't measure x   
yet1 b ! wor/ cultural disa/] 9 rec5t   
decades has be5 ! adv5t ( ,,xml1 z a    
language t pre- calibrates & contam9ates
 ! way we ?9k our hi]>*ies4 ,,xml & its 
avat>s g on lock+ u 9 ! cultural        
inv>iants ( ! ,we/]n _w40    #bjaj  ,,f 
,,! ,,libri ,,to ,,! ,,ipad   ,summ>y   
,aft] a quiet "t 9 ! e>ly #bjjjs1 ebook 
read]s 8took (f0 aga91 f ! ,libri laun*$
 by ,sony 9 ,april #bjjd to ! i,pad     
laun*$ by ,apple 9 ,april #bjaj4 ,! fir/
 d$icat$ ebook read]s 7 ! ,rocket e,book
 7#aiih71 ! ,soft,book ,read] 7#aiih7 & 
! ,gem/> e,book 7,novemb] #bjjj71 :i*   
didn't la/ long4 ,light] ebook read]s   
/or+ m books %[$ up ) new ,e ,ink       
displays1 = exemple ,libri f ,sony      
7,april #bjjd71 ,cybook #bnd g5]ation   

7,june #bjjd71 ,sony ,read] 7,septemb]  
#bjjf71 ,k9dle f ,amazon 7,novemb]      
#bjjg71 & ,nook f ,b>nes  ,noble        
7,novemb] #bjji74 ,competition has be5  
fi]ce ) sm>tphones 7f #bjje7 & ) ! i,pad
 f ,apple 7,april #bjaj74 ,"s read]s are
 n[ eag] to read multim$ia_/hyp]m$ia    
cont5t & /ories 9 #c;,d on flexible     
devices4  999999  ,aft] a quiet "t 9 !  
e>ly #bjjjs1 ebook read]s 8took (f0     
aga91 f ! ,libri laun*$ by ,sony 9      
,april #bjjd to ! i,pad laun*$ by ,apple
 9 ,april #bjaj4  ,! fir/ d$icat$ ebook 
read]s 7 ! ,rocket e,book 7#aiih71 !    
,soft,book ,read] 7#aiih7 & ! ,gem/>    
e,book 7,novemb] #bjjj71 :i* didn't la/ 
long4 ,light] ebook read]s /or+ m books 
%[$ up ) new ,e ,ink displays1 = example
 ! ,libri f ,sony 7,april #bjjd71 !     
,cybook #bnd g5]ation 7,june #bjjd71 !  
,sony ,read] 7,septemb] #bjjf71 ! ,k9dle
 f ,amazon 7,novemb] #bjjg71 & ! ,nook f
 ,b>nes  ,noble 7,novemb] #bjji74       
,competition has be5 fi]ce ) sm>tphones 
7f #bjje7 & ) ! i,pad f ,apple 7,april  

#bjaj74   ,! ,libri 7,sony7  ,sony      
laun*$ its fir/ ebook read]1 ,libri     
#ajjj-;,,ep1 9 ,japan 9 ,april #bjjd1 9 
p>tn]%ip ) ,philips & ,e ,ink4 ,libri 0 
! fir/ ebook read] to use a #f-;in* ,e  
,ink scre51 ) a #aj ,m memory1 & a #ejj-
 ebook /orage capacity4 ,ebooks 7       
d[nload$ f a comput] ) a ,,usb cable4   
,! ,cybook 7,booke57  ,aft] a ,cybook   
#a/ g5]ation laun*$ 9 ,janu>y #bjja by  
,cytale z ! fir/ ,european ebook read]1 
! ,cybook project 0 tak5 ov] by ,booke51
 a company creat$ 9 #bjjc by ,mi*ael    
,dahan & ,laur5t ,pic>d1 two =m] eng9e]s
 f ,cytale4 ,a ,cybook #bnd g5]ation 0  
available 9 ,june #bjjd4 ,! ,cybook     
,g5#c 7#crd g5]ation7 0 laun*$ 9 ,july  
#bjjg1 ) a ,e ,ink display4   ,! ,sony  
,read]  ,sony ,read] 0 laun*$ 9 ,octob] 
#bjjf 9 ! ,u4,s4 z ! fir/ ebook read]   
us+ ! late/ ,e ,ink scre5 te*nology1 ,! 
scre5 gave 8an excell5t read+ exp]i5ce v
 close to t ( real pap]1 mak+ x v easy  
go+ on ! eyes 7,mike ,cook1 editor (    
epub,books4com74 ,ano!r major feature ( 

! read] 0 its batt]y life1 ) ov] #g1jjj 
pages turns -- or up to two weeks ( p[] 
- on j "o batt]y *>ge4 ,x 0 also ! fir/ 
ebook read] to use ,adobe ,digital      
,editions4 ,x 0 available !n 9 ,canada1 
,unit$ ,k+dom1 ,g]many & ,france4   ,!  
,k9dle 7,amazon7  ,amazon laun*$ ,k9dle1
 its own ebook read]1 9 ,novemb] #bjjg1 
) a #f-;in* ,e ,ink display1 &          
page-turn+ buttons4 ,books c\ld be      
d[nload$ via ! device's #c;,g wireless  
connection1 ) no ne$ = a comput]1 unlike
 ! ,sony ,read]4 ,a ?9n] ,k9dle #b 0    
laun*$ 9 ,febru>y #bjji1 ) a /orage     
capacity ( #a1ejj ebooks & a new text-  
to-spee* feature4 ,! ,k9dle ,,dx 0      
laun*$ 9  ,may #bjji ) a l>g] #i4g-;in* 
scre5 = newspap]s & magaz9es4   ,! ,nook
 7,b>nes  ,noble7  ,b>nes  ,noble laun*$
 ,nook1 its own ebook read]1 9 ,novemb] 
#bjji4 ,bas$ on ! ,&roid plat=m1 !      
orig9al device includ$ a #f-;in* ,e ,ink
 display1 ) ,wi,fi & #c;,g connectivity4
 ,a new ,wi,fi-only device 0 laun*$ 9   
,june #bjaj4 ,! ,nook ,color 0 laun*$ 9 

,octob] #bjaj1 ) a l>g] #g-;in* ,,lcd   
display1 = ! view+ ( magaz9es & picture 
books4 ,! website ( ,b>nes  ,noble (f]$ 
#b million ebooks 9 ,novemb] #bjaj4 ,a  
light] ,nook ) a #f-;in* ,e ,ink tactile
 display 0 releas$ 9 ,may #bjaa4   ,!   
i,pad 7,apple7  ,apple laun*$ ! i,pad1  
its multifunctional tablet1 9 ! ,u4,s4 9
 ,april #bjaj1 ) an i,bookstore (       
#fj1jjj ebooks4 ,! i,pad 0 available 9 a
 few ,european c\ntries 9 ,june #bjaj4  
,aft] ! i,pod 7laun*$ 9 ,octob] #bjja7 &
 ! i,phone 7laun*$ 9 ,janu>y #bjjg71 two
 cult devices = a :ole g5]ation1 ,apple 
has also become a key play] = digital   
books4 ,! i,pad #b 0 laun*$ 9 ,m>* #bjaa
 9 ! ,u4,s4 & two weeks lat]            
int]nationally4  ,!re are _m o!r ebook  
read]s & tablets1 b ,i w /op !re4 ,"s ( 
my fri5ds n[ wait to read multim$ia _/  
hyp]m$ia cont5t & /ories 9 #c;,d on     
flexible devices4    #bjaa  ,,! ,,ebook 
,,9 ,,t5 ,,po9ts   ,summ>y ,"h is a     
conclusion 9 ! =m ( quotes4 ,! dates    
indicat$ "h are ! dates :5 ^! texts -   

exc]pts f email int]views - 7 writt5 &  
fir/ publi%$4 ,_! au?ors are ,mi*ael    
,h>t 7,augu/ #aiih71 ,john ,m>k         
,ock]bloom 7,septemb] #aiih71 ,rob]t    
,be>d 7,octob] #aiih71 ,jean-,paul      
7,june #bjjj71 ,nicolas ,pewny 7,febru>y
 #bjjc71 ,m>c ,autret 7,decemb] #bjjf71 
,pi]re ,s*weitz] 7,janu>y #bjjg71 ,d5is 
,zwirn 7,augu/ #bjjg71 ,ca!r9e ,doma9   
7,april #bjaj7 & ,h5k ,slett5ha> 7,june 
#bjaa74  999999  ,"h is a conclusion 9 !
 =m ( quotes4 ,! dates indicat$ "h are !
 dates :5 ^! texts - exc]pts f email    
int]views - 7 writt5 & fir/ publi%$4    
,augu/ #aiih  ,we consid] etext to be a 
new m$ium1 ) no real relation%ip to     
pap]1 o!r ?an pres5t+ ! same mat]ial1 b 
,i don't see h[ pap] c possibly compete 
once p ea* f9d _! own com=table way to  
etexts1 especially 9 s*ools4 7,mi*ael   
,h>t1 f\nd] ( ,project ,gut5b]g 9 #aiga7
   ,septemb] #aiih  8,i've gott5 v      
int]e/$ 9 ! great pot5tial ! net has _h 
= mak+ lit]ature available to a wide    
audi5ce4 7'''7 ,i am v excit$ ab\t !    

pot5tial ( ! int]net z a mass           
communication m$ium 9 ! com+ ye>s4 ,i'd 
also l to /ay involv$1 "o way or ano!r1 
9 mak+ books available to a wide audi5ce
 = free via ! net1 :e!r ,i make ?is     
explicitly "p ( my pr(essional c>e]1 or 
:e!r ,i j d x z a sp>e-"t volunte]4     
7,john ,m>k ,ock]bloom1 f\nd] ( ,!      
,onl9e ,books ,page 9 #aiic7   ,octob]  
#aiih  ,! web w be an encyclop$ia ( ! _w
 by ! _w = ! _w4 ,!re w be no in=mation 
or k t anyone ne$s t w n be available4  
,! major h9drance to int]national &     
int]p]sonal und]/&+1 p]sonal &          
in/itutional enhancem5t1 w be remov$4 ,x
 w\ld take a wild] imag9ation ?an m9e to
 pr$ict ! effect ( ?is developm5t on !  
nature ( humank9d4 7,rob]t ,be>d1 f\nd] 
( ,a ,web ( ,onl9e ,diction>ies 9 #aiie7
   ,june #bjjj  ,surf+ ! web is l       
radiat+ 9 all directions 7,i am int]e/$ 
9 some?+ & ,i click on all ! l9ks on a  
home page7 or l jump+ ar\nd 7f "o click 
to ano!r1 z ! l9ks appe>74 ,y c d ?is 9 
! writt5 m$ia1 ( c\rse4 ,b ! diff]5ce is

 /rik+4 ,s ! int]net *ang$ h[ ,i write4 
74447 ,i h f9ally f\nd 9 onl9e publi%+ !
 mobility & fluidity ,i 0 seek+40       
7,jean-,paul1 f\nd] ( ! hyp]m$ia website
 cotres4net 9 #aiih7   ,febru>y #bjjc   
,i see ! digital book ( ! future z a    
'full "w' putt+ toge!r text1 s\nd1      
images1 video & int]activity3 a new way 
to design1 & write1 & read1 p]haps on a 
s+le book1 con/antly r5ew$1 :i* w\ld    
conta9 ev]y?+ we h read1 a s+le &       
multiple companion4 ,utopian8           
,improbable8 ,maybe n t mu*6 7,nicolas  
,pewny1 f\nd] ( ,editions du ,*\cas 9   
#aiib7   ,decemb] #bjjf  8,!re are at   
lea/ two em]g+ tr5ds 9 ! digital book3  
7a7 an increas+ly attractive &          
functional int]face =                   
read+_/consultation 7navigation1 se>*+1 
re/ructur+ on ! fly1 annotations ( !    
us]1 int]active quiz72 7b7 a multim$ia  
integration 7video1 s\nd1 animat$       
graphics1 database7 n[ /rongly c\pl$ to 
! web4 ,no physical book (f]s su*       
features4 ,s ,i imag9e ! ebook ( !      

future z a k9d ( wiki cry/alliz$ &      
packag$ 9 a giv5 =mat4 ,h[ valuable w x 
be8 ,its value w be ! "o ( a book3 !    
unity & quality ( editorial "w6 7,m>c   
,autret1 graphic design] & f\nd] ( !    
website ,indiscripts 9 #bjji7   ,janu>y 
#bjjg  ,! luck we all h is to live ?is  
fanta/ic *ange "h & n[4 ,:5 ,i 0 born 9 
#aifc1 a comput] memory c\ld only hold a
 few pages ( *>act]s4 ,today1 my music  
play] c\ld hold billions ( pages1 a true
 local libr>y4 ,tomorr[1 by ! comb9$    
effect ( ! ,moore ,law & ! ubiquity (   
networks1 we w h in/ant access to works 
& k4 ,we won't be mu* int]e/$ any m on  
:i* device to /ore in=mation4 ,we w be  
int]e/$ 9 h&y functions & beautiful     
objects4 7,pi]re ,s*weitz]1 design] ( ! 
folio project 9 #aiif7   ,augu/ #bjjg   
,! digital book is n any m a topic =    
symposiums1 conceptual def9itions1 or   
div9ation by "s 'exp]ts'4 ,x is a       
comm]cial product & a tool = read+4     
7'''7 ,we ne$ to (f] books t c be easily
 read on any electronic device us$ by   

cu/om]s1 soon] or lat] ) an electronic  
ink display4 ,& to (f] !m z an indu/ry4 
,! digital book is n1 & w nev] be1 a    
ni*e product 7diction>ies1 travel       
guides1 books = ! bl9d74 ,x is becom+ a 
mass m>ket product1 ) multiple =ms1 l ! 
traditional book4 7,d5is ,zwirn1 f\nd] (
 ! digital book/ore ,numilog 9 #bjjj7   
,april #bjaj  ,! int]net has tak5 m & m 
space 9 my life6 ,on #a/ ,april #bjaj1  
,i became a publi%] aft] "s pa9ful tra9+
 9 ,photo%op1 ,in,design1 & o!r s(tw>e4 
7'''7 ,9 ! end1 !re w always be         
unexpect$ developm5ts to new inv5tions1 
among o!r ?+s4 ,:5 ,i />t$ us+ ! int]net
 9 #aiii1 ,i really didn't expect to    
become a publi%]4 7,ca!r9e ,doma91 f\nd]
 ( ,librairie ,ulysse 9 #aiga7   ,june  
#bjaa  8,i nev] lik$ read+ a book on a  
comput] or ,,pda4 ,n[1 ) tablets l !    
,k9dle ( ! i,pad1 ,i am f9ally read+    
ebooks4 ,i see a huge expansion (       
digital read+ ) tablets t are easy to   
use & ) a v l>ge *oice ( ebooks ?anks to
 electronic comm]ce & companies l       

,amazon4 7'''7 ,i also use onl9e books  
to le>n ! art ( innovation60 7,h5k      
,slett5ha>1 f\nd] ( ! ,swiss ,silicon   
,valley ,association 9 #aiib7