,,man',s  ,,redemption  ,,of ,,man      
,a ,lay ,sermon1   ,mc,ewan ,hall       
,edinburgh1   ,sunday ,july #bnd   #aiaj
   ,,by  ,,william ,,osler    ,,london  
,,constable  ,,co4 ,,ltd  #aiac     #d  
,note4--,this address was delivered at a
 service held for the students of the   
,university of ,edinburgh1 in connection
 with the ,edinburgh meeting of the     
,national ,association for the          
,prevention of ,tuberculosis4     #e    
,and a man shall be as an hiding-place  
from the wind1 and a covert from the    
tempest2 as rivers of water in a dry    
place2 as the shadow of a great rock in 
a weary land4  ,and the voice of weeping
 shall be no more heard in her1 nor the 
voice of crying4  ,there shall be no    
more thence an infant of days1 nor an   
old man that has not filled his days4   
7,isaiah47   ,to man there has been     
published a triple gospel--of his soul1 
of his goods1 of his body4  ,growing    
with his growth1 preached and professed 
in a hundred different ways in various  

ages of the world1 these gospels        
represent the unceasing purpose of his  
widening thoughts4  ,the gospel of his  
relation to the powers unseen has       
brought sometimes hope1 too often       
despair4  ,in a wide outlook on the     
immediate and remote effects of the     
attempts to establish this relation1 one
 event discredits the great counsel of  
,confucius 7who realized what a heavy   
yoke religion might be7 to keep aloof   
from spiritual beings4  ,surviving the  
accretions of twenty centuries1 the life
 and immortality brought to light by the
 gospel of ,christ1 remain the earnest  
desire of the best portion of the race4 
,the gospel of his goods--of man's      
relation to his fellow men1 is written  
in blood on every page of history4      
,quietly and slowly the righteousness   
that exalteth a nation1 the principles  
of eternal justice1 have won            
acquiescence1 at any rate in theory1    
though as nations and individuals we are
 still far from carrying them into      

practice4  ,and the third gospel1 the   
gospel of his body1 which brings man    
into relation with nature1--a true      
evangelion1 the glad tidings of a       
conquest beside which all others sink   
into insignificance--is the final       
conquest of nature1 out of which has    
come man's redemption of man1 the       
subject to which ,i am desirous of      
directing your attention4  ,in the      
struggle for existence in which all life
 is engaged1 disease and pain loom large
 as fundamental facts4  ,the whole      
creation groaneth and travaileth1 and so
 red in tooth and claw with ravin is    
,nature1 that1 it is said1 no animal in 
a wild state dies a natural death4  ,the
 history of man is the story of a great 
martyrdom--plague1 pestilence and       
famine1 battle and murder1 crimes       
unspeakable1 tortures inconceivable1 and
 the inhumanity of man to man has even  
outdone what appear to be atrocities in 
nature4  ,in the ,grammar of ,assent    
7chap4 x7 ,cardinal ,newman has an      

interesting paragraph on this great     
mystery of the physical world4          
,speaking of the amount of suffering    
bodily and mental which is our lot and  
heritage1 he says3 ,not only is the     
,creator far off1 but some being of     
malignant nature seems to have got hold 
of us1 and to be making us his sport4   
,let us say that there are a thousand   
millions of men on the earth at this    
time2 who can weigh and measure the     
aggregate of pain which this one        
generation has endured1 and will endure 
from birth to death8  ,then add to this 
all the pain which has fallen and will  
fall upon our race through generations  
past and to come4  ,is there not then   
some great gulf fixed between us and the
 good ,god8  ,dwelling too exclusively  
on this aspect of life1 who does not    
echo the wish of ,euripides3 ,not to be 
born is the best1 and next to die as    
soon as possible4  ,some of you may     
remember ,edwin ,markham's poem1 ,the   
,man with the ,hoe1 based on ,millet's  

famous picture4    ,bowed by the weight 
of centuries he leans   ,upon his hoe   
and gazes on the ground1   ,the         
emptiness of ages in his face1   ,and on
 his back the burden of the world4      
,who made him dead to rapture and       
despair1   ,a thing that grieves not and
 that never hopes1   ,stolid and        
stunned1 a brother to the ox8   ,it is a
 world-old tale1 this of the trembling  
heart1 the failing eyes1 the desponding 
mind of the natural man4  ,and thy life 
shall hang in doubt before thee2 and    
thou shalt fear day and night1 and shalt
 have none assurance of thy life3 ,in   
the morning thou shalt say1 ,would ,god 
it were even6 and at even thou shalt    
say1 ,would ,god it were morning6 for   
the fear of thine heart wherewith thou  
shalt fear1 and for the sight of thine  
eyes which thou shalt see 7,deut4       
xxviii474  ,the condition of ,hopeful   
and ,christian put by ,giant ,despair   
into a very dark dungeon1 nasty and     
stinking to their spirits1 and beaten   

with stripes1 and made to feel that the 
bitterness of death was as nothing to   
the bitterness of life1 illustrates in  
allegory the state of man for countless 
centuries4  ,in darkness and in the     
shadow of death he lay helpless1 singing
 like the prisoners vain hymns of hope1 
and praying vain prayers of patience1   
yet having all the while in his bosom1  
like ,christian1 a key called ,promise1 
capable of unlocking the doors of his   
dungeon4  ,groping between what ,sir    
,thomas ,browne so finely calls the     
night of our forebeing and the unknown  
future--the dark before and after1 he at
 last came to himself1 and with the help
 of this key unlocked the mysteries of  
,nature1 and found a way of physical    
salvation4  ,man's redemption of man is 
the great triumph of ,greek thought4    
,the tap-root of modern science sinks   
deep in ,greek soil1 the astounding     
fertility of which is one of the        
out-standing facts of history4  ,as ,sir
 ,henry ,maine says3 ,to one small      

people 444 it was given to create the   
principle of progress4  ,that people was
 the ,greek4  ,except the blind forces  
of ,nature nothing moves in this world  
which is not ,greek in its origin4      
,though not always recognized1 the      
controlling principles of our art1      
literature and philosophy1 as well as   
those of science1 are ,hellenic4  ,we   
still think in certain levels only with 
the help of ,plato1 and there is not a  
lecture room of this university#a in    
which the trained ear may not catch     
echoes of the ,lyceum4  ,in his         
introductory chapter of his ,rise of the
 ,greek ,epic1 ,professor ,murray dwells
 on the keen desire of the ,greeks to   
make life a better thing than it is1 and
 to help in the service of man1 a       
thought that pervades ,greek life like  
an aroma4  ,from ,homer to ,lucian there
 is one refrain--the pride in the body  
as a whole2 and in the strong conviction
 that our soul in its rose-mesh is quite
 as much helped by flesh as flesh is by 

soul1 the ,greek sang his song ,for     
pleasant is this flesh4 ,the beautiful  
soul harmonizing with a beautiful body  
is as much the glorious ideal of ,plato 
as it is the end of the education of    
,aristotle4 ,what a splendid picture in 
,book ,,iii of the ,republic1 of the day
 when our youth will dwell in a land of 
health1 amid fair sights and sounds and 
receive the good in everything2 and     
beauty1 the effluence of fair works1    
shall flow into the eye and ear like a  
health-giving breeze from a purer       
region1 and insensibly draw the soul    
from earliest years into likeness and   
sympathy with the beauty of reason4     
,the glory of this zeal for the         
enrichment of the present life was      
revealed to the ,greeks as to no other  
people1 but in respect to care for the  
body of the common man1 we have only    
seen its fulfilment in our own day1 but 
as a direct result of methods of        
research initiated by them4             
,philosophy1 as ,plato tells us1 begins 

with wonder2 and1 staring open-eyed at  
the starry heavens on the plains of     
,mesopotamia1 man took a first step in  
the careful observation of ,nature1     
which carried him a long way in his     
career4  ,but he was very slow to learn 
the second step--how to interrogate     
,nature1 to search out her secrets1 as  
,harvey puts it1 by way of experiment4  
,the ,chaldeans1 who invented gnomons1  
and predicted eclipses1 made a good     
beginning4  ,the ,greeks did not get    
much beyond trained observation1 though 
,pythagoras made one fundamental        
experiment when he determined the       
dependence of the pitch of sound on the 
length of the vibrating cord4  ,so far  
did unaided observation and brilliant   
generalization carry ,greek thinkers1   
that there is scarcely a modern         
discovery which by anticipation cannot  
be found in their writings4  ,indeed one
 is staggered at their grasp of great   
principles4 ,man can do a great deal by 
observation and thinking1 but with them 

alone he cannot unravel the mysteries of
 ,nature4  ,had it been possible the    
,greeks would have done it2 and could   
,plato and ,aristotle have grasped the  
value of experiment in the progress of  
human knowledge1 the course of ,european
 history might have been very different4
  ,this organon was absent1 and even in 
the art of medicine ,hippocrates with   
all his genius did not get beyond highly
 trained observation1 and a conception  
of disease as a process of ,nature4     
,the great ,pergamite1 ,galen1 did      
indeed realize that the bare fact was   
only preliminary to the scientific study
 of disease by experiment1 and to the   
collecting of data1 from which          
principles and laws could be derived4   
,on the dark horizon of the ancient     
world shone the brightness of the       
,grecian dawn so clearly that the       
emancipated mind had an open way4  ,then
 something happened--how1 who can tell8 
,the light failed or flickered almost to
 extinction3 ,greece died into a        

mediaevalism that for centuries         
enthralled man in chains1 the weary     
length of which still hampers his       
progress4  ,the revival of learning     
awakened at first a suspicion and then a
 conviction that salvation lay in a     
return to the old ,greek fathers who had
 set man's feet in the right path1 and  
so it came about that in the study of   
chemistry1 and in the inventions of     
,copernicus1 ,kepler and ,galileo1      
modern science took its origin4  ,the   
growth of the experimental method       
changed the outlook of mankind1 and led 
directly to the development of the      
physical and biological sciences by     
which the modern world has been         
transformed4  ,a slow1 painful progress1
 through three centuries1 science crept 
on from point to point1 with many       
mistakes and many failures1 a progress  
often marked and flecked with the stains
 of human effort1 but all the same the  
most revolutionary and far-reaching     
advance ever made by man's intellect4   

,we are too close to the events to      
appreciate fully the changes which it   
has wrought in man's relation to the    
world2 and the marvellous thing is that 
the most important of these changes have
 been effected within the memory of     
those living4  ,three stand out as of   
the first importance4  ,my generation   
was brought up in the belief that ,man  
was in his original state a very noble  
and exalted creature1 being placed as   
the head and lord of this world1 having 
all the creatures in subjection to him4 
,the powers and operations of his mind  
were extensive1 capacious and           
perfect--to quote the words of one of my
 old ,sunday-school lessons4  ,it is not
 too much to say that ,charles ,darwin  
has so turned man right-about-face that1
 no longer looking back with regret upon
 a ,paradise ,lost1 he feels already    
within the gates of a ,paradise         
,regained4  ,secondly1 ,chemistry and   
,physics have at last given him control 
of the four elements1 and he has        

harnessed the forces of ,nature4  ,as   
usual ,kipling touches the very heart of
 the matter in his poem on ,the ,four   
,angels1 who in succession offered to   
,adam fire1 air1 earth and water4 ,happy
 in the garden1 watching the apple tree 
in bud1 in leaf1 in blossom and in      
fruit1 he had no use for them2 but when 
the apple tree was cut down1 and he had 
to work outside of ,eden wall1--then--  
out of black disaster   ,he arose to be 
the master   ,of ,earth and ,water1 ,air
 and ,fire4  ,and this mastery1 won in  
our day1 has made the man with the hoe  
look up4  ,but the third and greatest   
glory is that the leaves of the tree of 
science have availed for the healing of 
the nations4  ,measure as we may the    
progress of the world--intellectually in
 the growth and spread of education1    
materially in the application to life of
 all mechanical appliances1 and morally 
in a higher standard of ethics between  
nation and nation1 and between          
individuals1 there is no one measure    

which can compare with the decrease of  
disease and suffering in man1 woman and 
child4  ,the ,psalmist will have it that
 no man may redeem his brother1 but this
 redemption of his body has been bought 
at a price of the lives of those who    
have sought out ,nature's processes by  
study and experiment4  ,silent workers1 
often unknown and neglected by their    
generation1 these men have kept alive   
the fires on the altars of science1 and 
have so opened the doors of knowledge   
that we now know the laws of health and 
disease4  ,time will only permit me to  
refer to a few of the more important of 
the measures of man's physical          
redemption4  ,within the life-time of   
some of us a strange and wonderful thing
 happened on the earth--something of    
which no prophet foretold1 of which no  
seer dreamt1 nor is it among the        
beatitudes of ,christ ,himself2 only    
,st4 ,john seems to have had an inkling 
of it in that splendid chapter in which 
he describes the new heaven and the new 

earth1 when the former things should    
pass away1 when all tears should be     
wiped away1 and there should be no more 
crying nor sorrow4  ,on ,october #af1   
#ahdf1 in the amphitheatre of the       
,massachusetts ,general ,hospital1      
,boston1 a new ,prometheus gave a gift  
as rich as that of fire1 the greatest   
single gift ever made to suffering      
humanity4  ,the prophecy was            
fulfilled--neither shall there be any   
more pain2 a mystery of the ages had    
been solved by a daring experiment by   
man on man in the introduction of       
anaesthesia4  ,as ,weir ,mitchell sings 
in his poem1 ,the ,death of ,pain--     
,whatever triumphs still shall hold the 
mind1   ,whatever gifts shall yet enrich
 mankind1   ,ah6 here1 no hour shall    
strike through all the years1   ,no hour
 so sweet as when hope1 doubt and fears1
   ',mid deepening silence watched one  
eager brain   ,with ,godlike will decree
 the ,death of ,pain4   ,at a stroke the
 curse of ,eve was removed1 that        

multiplied sorrow of sorrows1           
representing in all ages the very       
apotheosis of pain4  ,the knife has been
 robbed of its terrors1 and the         
hospitals are no longer the scenes of   
those appalling tragedies that made the 
stoutest quail4 ,to-day we take for     
granted the silence of the              
operating-room1 but to reach this       
,elysium we had to travel the slow road 
of laborious research1 which gave us    
first the chemical agents2 and then     
brave hearts had to risk reputation1 and
 even life itself in experiments1 the   
issue of which was for long doubtful4   
,more widespread in its benediction1 as 
embracing all races and all classes of  
society1 is the relief of suffering1 and
 the prevention of disease through the  
growth of modern sanitary science in    
which has been fought out the greatest  
victory in history4  ,i can only refer  
to three subjects which illustrate and  
lead up to the question which is in the 
minds of all of us to-day4  ,you have in

 ,scotland the merit of the practical   
introduction of a method which has      
revolutionized the treatment of wounds1 
and changed the whole aspect of modern  
surgery4  ,i am old enough to have been 
a dresser in a large general hospital in
 the pre-,listerian days1 when it was   
the rule for wounds to suppurate1 and   
when cases of severe pyaemia and        
septicaemia were so common that surgeons
 dreaded to make even a simple          
amputation4  ,in the wards of the       
,edinburgh ,royal ,infirmary and of the 
,glasgow ,royal ,infirmary1 ,lord       
,lister's experimental work on the      
healing of wounds led to results of the 
deepest moment to every individual      
subject to an accident1 or who has to   
submit to an operation4  ,it is not     
simply that the prospect of recovery is 
enormously enhanced1 but ,listerian     
surgery has diminished suffering to an  
extraordinary degree4  ,in the old days 
every wound which suppurated had to be  
dressed1 and there was the daily        

distress and pain1 felt particularly by 
young children4  ,now1 even after       
operations of the first magnitude1 the  
wound may have but a single dressing1   
and the after-pain is reduced to a      
minimum4  ,how well the older ones of us
 realize that anaesthetics and asepsis  
between them have wrought a complete    
revolution in hospital life4  ,i asked  
the ,superintendent of ,nurses at the   
,royal ,infirmary to let me know how    
many patients last night in the wards   
had actual suffering1 and she has sent  
word that about one in eight had pain1  
not all of them acute pain4  ,but man's 
redemption of man is nowhere so well    
known as in the abolition and prevention
 of the group of diseases which we speak
 of as the fevers1 or the acute         
infections4  ,this is the glory of the  
science of medicine1 and nowhere in the 
world have its lessons been so          
thoroughly carried out as in this       
country4  ,it is too old a story to     
retell in detail1 but ,i may remind you 

that in this city within fifty years    
there has been an annual saving of from 
four to five thousand lives1 by measures
 which have directly prevented and      
limited the spread of infectious        
diseases4  ,the man is still alive1 ,sir
 ,henry ,little-,john1 who made the     
first sanitary survey of the city4      
,when one reads the account of the      
condition of the densely crowded        
districts on the south side of the ,high
 ,street1 one is not surprised that the 
rate of mortality was #dj and over per  
thousand4  ,that you now enjoy one of   
the lowest death rates in ,europe--#ae4c
 per thousand for last year--is due to  
the thoroughness with which measures of 
recognized efficiency have been carried 
out4  ,when we learn that last year     
there were no deaths from smallpox1 not 
one from typhus1 and only #ba from      
fevers of the zymotic group1 it is      
scarcely credible that all this has been
 brought about within the memory of     
living men4  ,it is not too much to say 

that the abolition of small-pox1 typhus 
and typhoid fevers have changed the     
character of the medical practice in our
 hospitals4  ,in this country typhoid   
fever is in its last ditch1 and though a
 more subtle and difficult enemy to     
conquer than typhus1 we may confidently 
hope that before long it will be as     
rare4  ,here ,i would like to say a word
 or two upon one of the most terrible of
 all acute infections1 the one of which 
we first learned the control through the
 work of ,jenner4  ,a great deal of     
literature has been distributed1 casting
 discredit upon the value of vaccination
 in the prevention of small-pox4  ,i do 
not see how any one who has gone through
 epidemics as ,i have1 or who is        
familiar with the history of the        
subject1 and who has any capacity left  
for clear judgment1 can doubt its value4
  ,some months ago ,i was twitted by the
 ,editor of the ,journal of the         
,anti-,vaccination ,league for          
maintaining a curious silence on the    

subject4  ,i would like to issue a      
,mount ,carmel-like challenge to any ten
 unvaccinated priests of ,baal4  ,i will
 take ten selected vaccinated persons1  
and help in the next severe epidemic1   
with ten selected unvaccinated persons  
7if available674  ,i should choose three
 members of ,parliament1 three          
anti-vaccination doctors1 if they could 
be found1 and four anti-vaccination     
propagandists4  ,and ,i will make this  
promise--neither to jeer nor to jibe    
when they catch the disease1 but to look
 after them as brothers2 and for the    
three or four who are certain to die ,i 
will try to arrange the funerals with   
all the pomp and ceremony of an         
anti-vaccination demonstration4  ,a     
blundering art until thirty or forty    
years ago1 preventative medicine was    
made a science by the discovery of the  
causes of many of the serious epidemic  
diseases4  ,to any one of you who wishes
 to know this side of science1 what it  
is1 what it has done1 what it may do1   

let me commend ,radot's ,life of        
,pasteur1 which reads like a fairy tale4
  ,it is more particularly in connection
 with the great plagues of the world    
that man's redemption of man may be in  
the future effected2 ,i say in the      
future because we have only touched the 
fringe of the subject4  ,how little do  
we appreciate what even a generation has
 done4  ,the man is only just dead1     
,robert ,koch1 who gave to his          
fellow-men the control of cholera4      
,read the history of yellow fever in    
,havana and in ,brazil if you wish to   
get an idea of the powers of            
experimental medicine2 there is nothing 
to match it in the history of human     
achievement4  ,before our eyes to-day   
the most striking experiment ever made  
in sanitation is in progress4  ,the     
digging of the ,panama ,canal was       
acknowledged to be a question of the    
health of the workers4  ,for four       
centuries the ,isthmus had been a white 
man's grave1 and during the ,french     

control of the ,canal the mortality once
 reached the appalling figure of #agj   
per thousand4  ,even under the most     
favourable circumstances it was         
extraordinarily high4  ,month by month  
,i get the ,reports which form by far   
the most interesting sanitary reading of
 the present day4  ,of more than #ed1jjj
 employes 7about #ac1jjj of whom are    
white71 the death rate per thousand for 
the month of ,march was #h4ia1 a lower  
percentage1 ,i believe1 than any city in
 the ,united ,states4  ,it has been     
brought about in great part by          
researches into the life history of the 
parasite which produces malaria1 and by 
the effectual measures taken for its    
destruction4  ,here again is a chapter  
in human achievement for which it would 
be hard to find a parallel4  ,but let us
 not forget that these are but          
illustrations of wide-spread            
possibilities of organization on modern 
lines4  ,these are sanitary blessings4  
,to make them available in the ,tropics 

is the heaviest burden of the white man2
 how heavy you may know from the        
startling figures which have just been  
issued from ,british ,india4  ,exclusive
 of the native states for the year      
#aijh1 the total deaths from fever and  
cholera exceeded #e1jjj1jjj1 out of a   
population of #bbf1jjj1jjj4  ,the bright
 spot in the picture is the diminution  
of the mortality from plague--not fewer 
than a million fatal cases as compared  
with #aijg4  ,these are brief           
indications of the lines along which    
effective progress is being made in     
man's redemption by man4  ,and all this 
has a direct bearing upon the disease1  
the fight against which brings us       
together4 ,tuberculosis is one of the   
great infections of the world1 and it   
has been one of the triumphs of our     
generation to determine its cause4 ,with
 the improvement of sanitation there has
 been a reduction in its mortality1     
amounting since #ahej to above #dj per  
cent4  ,but it still remains the most   

formidable single foe1 killing a larger 
number of people than any other         
disease--some #fj1jjj in ,great ,britain
 and ,ireland in #aijh1 and #ehi of this
 city4  ,practically between #aj and #aa
 per cent4 of all deaths are due to it4 
,a plain proposition is before the      
people4 ,we know the disease--how it is 
caused1 how it is spread1 how it should 
be prevented1 how in suitable cases it  
may be cured4  ,how to make this        
knowledge effective is the prime reason 
of this conference4  ,it is a campaign  
for the public2 past history shows that 
it is a campaign of hope4  ,the measures
 for its stamping out1 though simple on 
paper1 present difficulties interwoven  
with the very fabric of society1 but    
they are not insuperable1 and are       
gradually disappearing4  ,it is for this
 reason we urge you to join with        
enthusiasm in the crusade2 remembering1 
however1 that only the prolonged and    
united efforts1 carried through several 
generations1 can place the disease in   

the same category with typhus fever1    
typhoid and small-pox4  ,in the comedies
 and tragedies of life our immutable    
human nature reacts very much as in the 
dawn of science1 and yet1 with a        
widening of knowledge1 the lights and   
shadows of the landscape have shifted1  
and the picture is brighter4  ,nothing  
can bring back the hour when sin and    
disease were correlated as confidently  
as night and day2 and how shall we      
assess the enormous gain of a new       
criterion1 a new estimate of the value  
of man's life6  ,there are tones in     
human sentiment to-day which the        
ancients never heard1 which our fathers 
indeed heard but faintly1 and that      
without recognizing their significance4 
,the human heart by which we live has   
been touched as with the wand of a      
,prospero4  ,what availed the sceptred  
race6 what the glory that was ,greece1  
or the grandeur that was ,rome6 of what 
avail even has been the message of the  
gospel1 while the people at large were  

haunted by fear and anxiety1 stricken by
 the pestilence of the darkness and the 
sickness of the noon-day8  ,the new     
socialism of ,science with its definite 
mission cares not a rap for the theories
 of ,karl ,marx1 of ,ferdinand          
,lassalle1 or of ,henry ,george2 still  
less for the dreams of ,plato or of ,sir
 ,thomas ,more--or at least only so far 
as they help to realize the well-being  
of the citizen4  ,nor is there need to  
fear that in weighing the world in our  
balance we may drain the sap of its     
life1 so long as we materialize in the  
service of man those eternal principles 
on which life rests--moral fervour1     
liberty and justice4  ,the outlook for  
the world as represented by ,mary and   
,john1 and ,jennie and ,tom has never   
been so hopeful4  ,there is no place for
 despondency or despair4  ,as for the   
dour dyspeptics in mind and morals who  
sit idly croaking like ravens1--let them
 come into the arena1 let them wrestle  
for their flesh and blood against the   

principalities and powers represented by
 bad air and worse houses1 by drink and 
disease1 by needless pain1 and by the   
loss annually to the state of thousands 
of valuable lives--let them fight for   
the day when a man's life shall be more 
precious than gold4  ,now1 alas6 the    
cheapness of life is every day's        
tragedy6  ,if in the memorable phrase of
 the ,greek philosopher ,prodicus1 ,that
 which benefits human life is ,god1 we  
may see in this new gospel a link       
betwixt us and the crowning race of     
those who eye to eye shall look on      
knowledge1 and in whose hand ,nature    
shall be an open book1 an approach to   
the glorious day of which ,shelley sings
 so gloriously3            ,happiness   
,and ,science dawn though late upon the 
earth2   ,peace cheers the mind1 health 
renovates the frame2   ,disease and     
pleasure cease to mingle here1   ,reason
 and passion cease to combat there1     
,whilst mind unfettered o'er the earth  
extends   ,its all-subduing energies1   

and wields   ,the sceptre of a vast     
dominion there4    #a ,see note on page 
#d4     ,,richard ,,clay  ,,sons1       
,,limited1  ,,brunswick ,,street1       
,,stamford ,,street1 ,s4,e41  ,,and     
,,bungay1 ,,suffolk4