,,mak+ ,a ,,rose ,,g>d5    ,,! ,,h\se   
,,g>d5 ,,mak+ ,,books   ,x is ! int5tion
 ( ! publi%]s to make ?is s]ies ( little
 volumes1 ( :i* ,mak+ a ,rose ,g>d5 is  
"o1 a complete libr>y ( au?oritative &  
well illu/rat$ h&books deal+ ) !        
activities ( ! home-mak] & amateur      
g>d5]4 ,text1 pictures & diagrams w1 9  
ea* respective book1 aim to make        
p]fectly cle> ! possibility ( hav+1 & ! 
means ( hav+1 "s ( ! m important        
features ( a mod]n c\ntry or suburban   
home4 ,among ! titles already issu$ or  
plann$ = e>ly publication are ! foll[+3 
,mak+ a ,lawn2 ,mak+ a ,t5nis ,c\rt2    
,mak+ a ,g>d5 ,bloom ,?is ,ye>2 ,mak+ a 
,fireplace2 ,mak+ ,roads & ,pa?s2 ,mak+ 
a ,p\ltry ,h\se2 ,mak+ a ,hotb$ &       
,cold-frame2 ,mak+ ,built-9 ,bookcases1 
,%elves & ,seats2 ,mak+ a ,rock ,g>d52  
,mak+ a ,wat] ,g>d52 ,mak+ a ,p]5nial   
,bord]2 ,mak+ a ,%rubb]y ,gr\p2 ,mak+ a 
,naturaliz$ ,bulb ,g>d52 ) o!rs to be   
ann\nc$ lat]4  ,illu/ration3 ,an ,engli%
 rose g>d5 t is ne>ly ideal 9 its       

arrangem5t4 ,all ! pa?s are ( grass1 !  
b$s be+ sunk a few in*es bel[ ! turf    
level 9 ord] to cons]ve ! moi/ure4      
,,mak+ ,a ,,rose ,,g>d5   ,by ,,h5ry ,h4
 ,,saylor   ,,new ,,york ,mc,b,r,i,d,e1 
,,na/  ,,company #aiab  ,,copyright1    
#aiab1 ,,by ,mc,b,r,i,d,e1 ,,na/  ,,co4 
,publi%$ ,febru>y1 #aiab     ,,cont5ts  
,,page  ,,introduction                  
#a  ,,classification                    
#c  ,,location ,,& ,,soil               
#aa  ,,prep>ation ,,& ,,plant+          
#bj  ,,f]tiliz+                         
#be  ,,prun+                            
#cj  ,,pe/s                             
#ch  ,,propagation                      
#dj  ,,w9t] ,,protection                
#dd  ,,li/s ,,( ,,dep5dable ,,roses     
#df  ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,t]ms               
#ea     ,,! ,,illu/rations   ,a ,,rose  
,,g>d5 ,,) ,,! ,,ideal ,,arrangem5t ,,( 
,,grass ,,pa?s                          
,frontispiece                           
,,fac+ ,,page  ,,ulri* ,,brunn]1 ,a ,,r$
 ,,hybrid ,,p]petual ,,rose             

#d  ,,m>e*al ,,neil1 ,a ,,t5d] ,,climb+ 
,,tea ,,rose               #h           
,,kill>ney1 ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,be/ ,,hybrid 
,,teas                 #ab  ,a ,,g>d5   
,,= ,,roses ,,only                      
#ad  ,a ,,dormant ,,tea ,,rose ,,z ,,x  
,,comes ,,f ,,! ,,gr[]         #bb  ,a  
,,/ock ,,( ,,manetti ,,graft$ ,,) ,,an  
,,improv$ ,,v>iety    #db  ,a ,,/&>d    
,,rose                                  
#dd     ,,introduction   ,i well rememb]
 ! caution giv5 me by a not$            
horticulturi/ :51 9 ! sudd5 awak5+ to ! 
joys ( g>d5+1 ,i 0 ab\t to attempt !    
cultivation ( ne>ly ev]y?+ nam$ 9 !     
l>ge/ se$ & plant catalogue ,i c\ld f9d3
  ,leave ! rose alone2 x is n wor?      
fight+ =4  ,& leave x alone ,i did1     
until "o day ,i 0 br[s+ ab\t an old book
 %op & came ^u a well-?umb$ copy ( good 
old ,dean ,hole's ,a ,book ,ab\t ,roses4
 ,let me tell y t !re is some?+         
radically wrong ) ! p]son :o c read t   
book & !n g on plodd+ along 8 dre>y1    
roseless way4  ,b :y1 if !re is su* a   

book z t to be _h1 d ,i presume to put  
=? :at c at be/ be b a feeble ray 9 its 
pr$ecessor's blaze ( inspiration8 ,m]ely
 because ,dean ,hole's book1 & a lat]   
volume by ! ,rev4 ,&rew ,fo/]-,melli> t 
is almo/ z inspir+1 ) p]haps ev5 m      
helpful guidance1 are bo? writt5 = !    
,engli% ros>ian & = a cool1 moi/ climate
 t necessitates a some:at diff]5t me?od 
( proc$ure ?r\gh\t z comp>$ ) t :i* w\ld
 br+ success 9 gr[+ roses "h 9 ,am]ica4 
,!n too1 !re is to my m9d some?+        
enc\rag+ 9 a v small book1 a book t w   
m]ely attempt to lay ! f\ndations = !   
sup]/ructure t1 aft] all1 only exp]i5ce 
c br+4 ,p]haps !re are ^? :o1 l myself1 
are cont5t ) ! b>e ess5tials (          
classification1 cont5t to be told !     
basic rudim5ts ( cultivation1 & :o are 9
 ha/e to be done ) all ( ^! homely means
 to an end1 t !y may beg9 gr[+ roses4   
,mak+ a ,rose ,g>d5     ,,classification
   ,:5 "o consid]s ! fact t ! majority (
 botani/s recognize ov] a hundr$ species
 ( ! g5us ,rosa1 & t a ,fr5* botani/    

li/s & describes #d1bff species f       
,europe & we/]n ,asia alone1 x w readily
 be und]/ood t ?is *apt] c give b a     
r\gh1 work+ k ( gr\ps & species4        
,=tunately ! amateur ros>ian 9 ! ,unit$ 
,/ates is conc]n$ ) v few ( ! species1  
l>gely = ! reason t ! ef=ts ( our       
rosegr[]s h naturally be5 conf9$ to a   
few important gr\ps :]e g5]al m]it is   
mo/ /rongly m>k$4 ,inde$1 = ! purposes (
 a mode/ rose g>d51 "o w\ld n g f> wrong
 if he limit$ 8 *oice ( v>ieties to !   
,hybrid ,teas1 ,hybrid ,p]petuals & a   
few ( ! ,teas1 ) sev]al ( ! wi*uraiana &
 rugosa hybrids = trellis & h$ge4  ,! "n
 ,hybrid ,p]petual is borne by an       
enorm\s gr\p ( roses :i* h be5 d]iv$ f  
v>i\s species1 cross$ & recross$ until !
 p>5tage is 9 mo/ cases hopelessly      
involv$4 ,! ,p]petual half ( ! "n       
signifies t ! rose cont9ues to bloom m  
or less frequ5tly ?r\gh\t ! summ]4 ,z a 
matt] ( fact1 x is usually less4  ,teas 
or ,tea-sc5t$ ,*9a roses =m a di/9ct    
gr\p t is readily recogniz$ by !        

*>act]i/ic sc5t ( ! fl[]s & by !        
smoo?ness ( its leaves4 ,teas are1 9 a  
way1 ! ari/ocrats ( ! rose g>d54 ,!y    
bloom ) no great bl>e ( trumpets 9      
,june1 l ! ,p]petuals1 b !y keep /eadily
 at _! "w ( produc+ exquisite blooms1 "o
 or two at a "t1 ?r\gh\t ! summ]4 ,_! "o
 s]i\s h&icap is a lack ( h>d9ess1 :i*  
!y possess only 9 a slight & v v>iable  
degree2 & !y mu/ be v c>efully protect$ 
9 ! nor? to br+ !m safely ?r\gh ! w9t]4 
,ev5 ?\gh ,i 7 =c$ to buy new plants ea*
 spr+1 h[ev]1 ,i w\ld n h a rose g>d5   
)\t ,teas4  ,illu/ration3 ,ulri*        
,brunn]1 a r$ ,hybrid ,p]petual t has   
a*iev$ an excell5t reputation4 ,! ,h4,p4
 type is *>act]iz$ by h>d9ess & great   
fre$om ( bloom 9 ,june4 ,!reaft] ?r\gh\t
 ! summ] ! burd5 ( display mu/ be borne 
by ! ,teas & ,hybrid ,teas4  ,hybrid    
,teas1 z ! "n signifies1 are successful 
crosses betwe5 ! ,tea & roses 9 !       
,hybrid ,p]petual gr\p4 ,?is class      
comb9es ! p]si/5ce ( ! ,tea ) ! /urdi]  
gr[? ( ! ,p]petuals1 & f x we %all      

probably get ! great bulk ( our g>d5    
roses = "s ye>s to come4  ,! ,moss      
,rose1 ( :i* y w surely want a          
repres5tative 9 y\r g>d51 belongs 9 !   
,prov5ce gr\p1 z w be se5 9 ! tabul>    
classification at ! end ( ?is *apt]4 ,:o
 does n "k its beautiful buds 9 _! sett+
 ( mossy /ems8 ,?is rose1 l _m a "o t   
has n gott5 su* a grip on our           
affections1 has refus$ /eadfa/ly to mix 
its blood ) ano!r species1 & has reta9$ 
its good po9ts & its bad ones = ov] ?ree
 hundr$ ye>s4 ,x is q h>dy b is r       
susceptible to mildew4  ,!re are o!r    
roses1 too1 outside ! l>g] & be/-kn[n   
gr\ps--roses t1 because ( "s sup]lative 
m]it 9 "o direction or because ( pa/    
associations1 lay a /rong h& on our     
he>t-/r+s & plead = an obscure corn] ( !
 new rose g>d53 ! bri/l+ ,scot* ,rose1 !
 fragrant ,damasks1 ! sweetbri] or      
eglant9e ) its inimitable fragrant      
foliage1 ! ,p5zance ,bri] ,hybrids1 !   
,:ite ,banksian ( s\!rn g>d5s ) its odor
 ( violets1 ! ,p]sian ,yell[ ( our      

gr&-mo!rs' g>d5s1 & ! hundr$-petal$     
,cabbage ,rose1 p>5t ( ! ,moss4  ,climb+
 roses are to be f\nd 9 _m ( !          
gr\ps--,wi*uraiana1 ,ayr%ire1 ,polyan?a1
 ,musk1 ,noisette & z sports 9 ! ,hybrid
 ,p]petual1 ,tea & ,hybrid ,tea gr\ps4  
,x is 9 ano!r class1 h[ev]1 t we may    
look = ! ideal ,am]ican roses ( !       
future4 ,n _m ye>s ago1 came to u ?ree  
natives ( ,japan1 ,rosa wi*uraiana1     
,rosa multiflora & ,rosa rugosa4 ,f !   
fir/ two has be5 develop$ by our        
,am]ican hybridiz]s ! race ( ,rambl]s1  
:ile f ! ?ird has come su* /urdy *ildr5 
z ,conrad ,f4 ,mey]1 p]haps ! ideal h$ge
 rose = our nor!rn climate4 ,9 !        
e/imation ( ,pr(essor ,*>les ,s4 ,s>g5t1
 ! dean ( ,am]ican horticulture1 x is   
along ! l9e ( rugosa hybrids t we %all  
succe$ 9 fill+ our g>d5s ) l>ge1        
beautiful1 h>dy & cont9u\sly fl[]+      
roses4  ,! climate ( ! ,s\? & ,cali=nia 
seems ideally suit$ to ! ,teas1 produc+ 
a weal? ( exquisite bloom t fills ^? ( u
 t live 9 m try+ surr\nd+s ) envy4 ,9 ! 

,s\? also !y h ! ,*]okee ,rose 7,rosa   
laevigata or s9ica71 fl\ri%+ along      
roadsides & 9 great masses on !         
prairies1 its long1 ar*+ /ems be>+ a    
weal? ( pure :ite1 s+le fl[]s1 f\r or   
five in*es across1 9 a sett+ (          
brilliant1 ev]gre5 foliage4 ,x is "o (  
our ,am]ican hybridiz]s' hopes & aims to
 cross ?is ) a h>dy rose to ga9         
suffici5t /am9a = ! ,nor?4  ,& out 9    
,oregon1 ! ,hybrid ,p]petuals & ,hybrid 
,teas gr[ to a size & beauty t is       
unsurpass$ ! _w ov]4 ,practically e k9d 
( rose c be gr[n 9 ! ,puget ,s\nd       
di/rict1 & ! amateurs ( t locality seem 
to h z little tr\ble ) rose pe/s z we d 
"h ) our h>dy decorative %rubs4         
,illu/ration3 ,m>e*al ,neil1 a t5d]     
climb+ ,tea rose1 d>k gold5-yell[ 9     
color1 requires w9t] protection 9 !     
,nor?4 ,! ,tea is ! ari/ocrat ( ! rose  
g>d51 unapproa*$ = delicate fragrance1  
ref9$ =m ( ! individual blooms1 &       
cont9u$ fl[]+ ?r\gh\t ! summ]4  ,to sum 
up ! :ole matt] ( classification & to %[

 ! relative positions ( _m gr\ps t1 =   
lack ( space1 h n ev5 be5 m5tion$ above1
 ! foll[+ tabul> key is giv5--a slightly
 modifi$ =m ( ! classification giv5 9 ! 
,cyclop$ia ( ,am]ican ,horticulture3    
,i4 ,summ]-fl[]+ ,roses1 bloom+ once    
only        ,a4 ,l>ge-fl[]$ 7d\ble74    
#a4 ,gr[? bran*+ or p5dul\s2 leaf       
wr9kl$4              ,prov5ce           
,moss                 ,pompon           
,sulphurea           #b4 ,gr[? firm &   
robu/2 leaf d[ny4              ,damask &
 ,fr5*                 ,hybrid ,fr5*    
,hybrid ,prov5ce                 ,hybrid
 ,b\rbon                 ,hybrid ,*9a   
#c4 ,gr[? free2 leaf :iti% above2       
sp9eless4               ,alba        ,b4
 ,small-fl[]$ 7s+le & d\ble74           
#a4 ,gr[? climb+2 fl[]s produc$ s+ly4   
,ayr%ire           #b4 ,gr[? %ort-jo9t$1
 g5]ally1 except 9 ,alp9e4              
,bri]s                 ,au/rian         
,scot*                 ,sweet           
,p5zance                 ,prairie       
,alp9e           #c4 ,gr[? climb+2 fl[]s

 9 clu/]s4              ,multiflora     
,polyan?a           #d4 ,gr[? free2     
foliage p]si/5t 7m or less %9y74        
,ev]gre5                 ,semp]vir5s    
,wi*uraiana                 ,*]okee     
,banksian           #e4 ,gr[? free2     
foliage wr9kl$4              ,pompon    
,,ii4 ,summ]- & ,autumn-fl[]+ ,roses1   
bloom+ m or less   cont9u\sly        ,a4
 ,l>ge-fl[]$4           #a4 ,foliage v  
r\gh4              ,hybrid ,p]petual    
,hybrid ,tea              ,moss         
#b4 ,foliage r\gh4              ,b\rbon 
,b\rbon ,p]petual           #c4 ,foliage
 smoo?4              ,*9a               
,tea                 ,lawr5ceana        
7,fairy7        ,b4 ,small]-fl[]$4      
#a4 ,foliage decidu\s              a4   
,habit climb+4                 ,musk    
,noisette                 ,ayr%ire      
,polyan?a                    ,wi*uraiana
 ,hybrids              b4 ,habit dw>f1  
bu%y4                 ,p]petual ,bri]s  
,rugosa                    ,lucida      
,microphylla                            

,b]b]idifolia                    ,scot* 
#b4 ,foliage m or less p]si/5t4         
,ev]gre5                 ,mac>tney      
,wi*uraiana     ,,location ,,& ,,soil   
,if !re is any secret 9 connection ) !  
gr[+ ( beautiful roses 9 abundance1 x   
lies 9 ! /rict obs]vance ( a few        
fundam5tal pr9ciples ?r\gh :i* ! rose   
plants1 or bu%es if y w1 are giv5 a     
location & soil :i* !y w f9d cong5ial & 
n\ri%+4 ,if = "o mom5t y may h ?\ght t  
success dep5ds ^u "s p>ticul>           
insecticide = ! annihilation ( ! aphis1 
or "s h>d-&-fa/ rule = prun+1 or ! use (
 a f]tiliz] hav+ magical attributes1    
dismiss t ?\ght f y\r m9d1 once & = all 
"t4 ,insecticides1 judici\s prun+ &     
suitable manur+ h ea* an important "p 9 
! campaign1 b transc5d+ all ( ^! is !   
fir/ *oice ( location & ! prep>ation ( !
 g>d5 9 :i* ! roses are to gr[4 ,w>f>e  
aga9/ ! rose's enemies c be b a "o-sid$1
 hopeless /ruggle if we are work+ aga9/ 
nature all ! way ?r\gh4 ,f> easi] & m   
c]ta9 9 effect w be our fir/ ef=ts to   

e/abli% ! rose plants !mselves s firmly 
9 heal?ful1 cong5ial surr\nd+s t !y1 r  
?an we1 w be> ! brunt ( ! battle aga9/ !
 insect pe/s4  ,9 ,*9a ,i am told t a   
cu/om once prevail$ :]eby ! emp]or paid 
8 physician a good sal>y z long z ! rul]
 kept 8 good heal?4 ,if he fell ill !   
physician's pay /opp$2 if he di$1 (f    
came ! practition]'s head4  ,be g5]\s 9 
! am\nt ( ?\ght & c>e y give 9 provid+  
heal?1 food & /r5g? = y\r rose plants1 &
 z a result y w h to give v little ?\ght
 & c>e to cur+ disease & kill+ (f !     
rose-bugs & slugs4  ,9 ! fir/ place let 
u take up ! matt] ( situation4          
,un=tunately mo/ ( u w h little leeway 9
 ?is1 = ! av]age suburban place is n "o 
t w (f] hill & valley1 w9dswept op5     
space & w>m %elt]4 ,! ideal location is 
to be f\nd nei!r on a hilltop :]e ! w9t]
 w9ds w\ld play havoc ) our w9t]        
protection1 nor 9 a l[ holl[ :]e fro/s  
are always m frequ5t4 ,a g5tle slope to 
! s\?1 well above ne>by l[ spots into   
:i* ! cold air w dra91 %elt]$ 9 "s way f

 ! nor?1 w\ld be all t we c\ld ask4 ,9 !
 matt] ( ?is %elt]1 h[ev]1 we meet a    
fur!r difficulty1 = our rose g>d5 mu/ be
 kept well away f any trees4 ,x is a    
matt] ( common k t ! root sy/em ( a tree
 w1 z a rule1 ext5d z f> out f ! base z 
! tree rises ab\t ! gr\nd4 ,obvi\sly x  
w\ld be m]ely a wa/e ( "t & ef=t to     
locate ! rose g>d5 :]e ! hungry roots ( 
trees w\ld rob x ( ! food supply furni%$
 ! roses4 ,9 g5]al1 !re=e1 we %all h to 
use ! wall ( a h\se or a g>d5 wall = our
 ne$$ protection1 ?\gh 9 case (         
necessity we c\ld s9k a masonry wall or 
an iron plate z a b>ri] betwe5 ! upp]   
ri* soil ( our rose b$s & ! roots ( !   
%elt]+ trees4  ,illu/ration3 ,kill>ney1 
! comp>atively new ,hybrid ,tea rose1   
hav+ a beautiful %ell-p9k color1 has    
a*iev$ a wide popul>ity4 ,! ,hybrid ,tea
 comb9es 9 a measure ! h>d9ess ( !      
,hybrid ,p]petual ) ! cont9u\s fl[]+    
habit ( ! ,tea4  ,sun1 x is p]haps      
unnecess>y to say1 is ess5tial1 ?\gh x w
 be f\nd t if ! b$s are 9 %ade = ! fir/ 

"p ( ! morn+ "o w h great] opportunity (
 enjoy+ ! roses at _! be/--be=e ! dew   
has be5 drunk f _! petals by ! ?ir/y    
midsumm] rays4  ,! matt] ( ! size &     
design ( ! rose b$ is ( comp>atively    
little importance2 :at really is vital1 
h[ev]1 is t ! roses be p]mitt$ to h !   
b$s to !mselves--absolutely4 ,b rec5tly 
,i read a magaz9e article purport+ to be
 good advice = ! rose-gr[+ amateur4     
,!re9 appe>$ words ( regret t ! rose mu/
 ne$s h su* b>e1 gaunt /alks1 & sugge/+ 
z a rem$y ! gr[+ ( "s v9e ab\t ! base ( 
! bu%--,i am n sure1 inde$1 t !         
honeysuckle 0 n specifically nam$ = !   
place4 ,i c well imag9e t ! result might
 be a v beautiful honeysuckle1 b we %\ld
 look !re = ! rose 9 va94  ,illu/ration3
 ,keep ! roses by !mselves2 !y w n only 
?rive bett]1 b _! beauty seems n to be  
increas$ by comp>ison ) o!r fl[]s4  ,!  
,que5 ( ,fl[]s w brook no lib]ties ( ?is
 k9d4 ,%e insi/s ^u reign+ alone 9 h]   
glory1 & anyone :o d>es presume to      
introduce ev5 a l[-gr[+1 %all[-root$    

gr\nd cov] ) ! int5tion ( mak+ ! rose b$
 seem less b>e1 w nev] see 8 roses at _!
 be/4 ,p]sonally ,i h nev] felt t a rose
 g>d5 ne$ be 9 ! lea/ unattractive4 ,!re
 is "o type ( beauty t might be         
repres5t$ by a c>pet ( creep+ phlox2 !re
 is ano!r t belongs to ! rose g>d51 be>+
 its s+le blooms "h & !re1 sp>sely1     
among ! gre5 foliage & ?orny /ems4 ,9 ! 
=m] in/ance "o looks at ! mass effect   
)\t a ?\ght ( ! beauty ( individual     
fl[]s2 9 ! latt] case "o's glance seeks 
out in/9ctively ! s+le bloom to dr9k 9  
its beauty & fragrance4 ,ah1 b y say1 h[
 ab\t ! "t :5 !re is n a s+le rose 9    
sight8 ,!re ne$ be no su* "t betwe5 spr+
 & fall if y plant y\r rose g>d5 to be/ 
advantage4 ,!re is no ne$ nor reason to 
put all ! ,june-bloom+ roses toge!r1 ) !
 ,teas & ,hybrid ,teas (f by !mselves 9 
ano!r place4 ,if ! remontant types are  
int]sp]s$ ?r\gh\t y\r g>d5 y ne$ nev]1  
betwe5 ,may & ,octob]1 look = a rose 9  
va94  ,! %ape ( ! b$s1 too1 may be su* z
 to avoid an appe>ance ( too mu* dirt 9 

! rose g>d54 ,= my own "p ,i w\ld h a   
rectangul> g>d5 & simple p>allelograms =
 ! b$s1 al?\gh ! rose g>d5 ab\t a c5tral
 feature has its /rong attractions4 ,b  
if y arrange ! b$s 9 long n>r[          
units--f\r feet wide = a d\ble r[ (     
plants or tw5ty in*es wide = a s+le r[1 
& z long z y\r purse w all[1 hav+ ! pa?s
 betwe5 ! r[s ( turf r ?an gravel or    
brick1 & ! b$s slightly sunk bel[ ?is   
turf1 ! rose g>d5 ne$ nev] be less ?an  
mo/ attractive4 ,avoid b$s wid] ?an w   
accommodate two r[s ( plants1 = x is    
ess5tial t e rose bu% 9 ! g>d5 be       
imm$iately accessible f a pa?4          
,illu/ration3 ,a sugge/ion = a          
rectangul> rose g>d5 ) pa?s ( turf4 ,!  
b$s are ab\t =ty in*es wide1 ! pa?s f\r 
feet1 except+ ! c5t] "o1 :i* is five    
feet 9 wid?4 ,a h$ge1 :i* might be (    
rugosa1 contributes a desirable air (   
seclusion4  ,to ^? int5sely practical   
p]sons :o object to walk+ ?r\gh dew-wet 
pa?s 9 ! morn+ t\r ( ! rose g>d51 let me
 po9t out ! obvi\s impossibility ( hav+ 

gravel pa?s imm$iately adjac5t to ! rose
 b$s1 & ! cont9u$ c>e requir$ to keep 9 
a pres5table condition a n>r[ /rip ( sod
 betwe5 pa? & b$4  ,n[ z to ! prep>ation
 ( ! rose b$ itself4 ,fir/ ( all1 dig ! 
soil out to a dep? ( two feet at lea/1  
keep+ ! top soil & sods & ! subsoil 9   
sep>ate piles z !y are tak5 out4 ,loos5 
up ! floor ( ! tr5* ) a pick & on ?is1  
if ! gr\nd ne$s dra9+1 :i* x w if x is a
 compact1 sodd5 surface1 put a lay] (   
/ones1 c9d]s & o!r mat]ial t w n        
decompose4 ,on top ( ?is place ! be/ ( !
 sub-soil mix$ ) a g5]\s dress+ (       
well-rott$ manure4 ,f9ally1 add ! sod1  
well brok5 up1 & ! top soil1 also enri*$
 ) manure4 ,!n fill 9 ! b$ ) en\gh good 
top soil1 unmanur$1 to br+ x two or ?ree
 in*es above ! adjo9+ surface4 ,make    
sure t ! surface ( ! b$1 aft] x has     
settl$1 w be ab\t "o in* bel[ t ( !     
adjo9+ sod 9 ord] to reta9 ! moi/ure f  
ra94 ,?is prep>ation ( ! b$ %\ld be done
 at lea/ sev]al weeks 9 advance ( plant+
 "t4  ,9 compos+ ! soil = ! rose b$1 x  

is well to rememb] t ! ,hybrid          
,p]petuals require a heavy soil conta9+ 
"s clay4 ,= ,teas & ,hybrid ,teas a     
light]1 w>m] soil is bett]4 ,9 8 mo/    
admirable ,book ( ! ,rose1 ! ,rev4 ,&rew
 ,fo/]-,melli> tells an amus+ incid5t 9 
connection ) soil4 ,! good rector 0 d9+ 
out & _h be5 s]v$ ) a g5]\s portion (   
plum pudd+4 ,x 0 v d>k1 ri*1 /rong &    
greasy4 ,abs5t-m9d$ly he sat back 9 8   
*air gaz+ at ! di% int5tly4 ,8 ho/ess1  
notic+ 8 hesitancy1 ask$ if any?+ 7     
wrong ) ! pudd+4 ,oh1 no1 repli$ !      
rector un?9k+ly1 ,i 0 ?9k+ :at r>e /uff 
x w\ld be to gr[ roses 94  ,top soil f  
an old pa/ure1 if x be a mod]ately heavy
 loam1 tak5 ) ! grass roots & *opp$ v   
f9e1 w d excell5tly = ! ,hybrid         
,p]petuals4 ,= ! ,teas & ,hybrid ,teas1 
mix ) soil ( ?is k9d ab\t "o-qu>t] ( its
 bulk ( s& & leaf mold to light5 x4     
,rememb] t all ! manure t is us$ %\ld be
 incorporat$ ) ! l[] two-?irds ( ! b$2 !
 upp] ?ird %\ld n conta9 any rec5tly    
add$ manure z x is apt to h>m ! roots ( 

new plants4     ,,prep>ation ,,&        
,,plant+   ,9 ! vic9ity ( ,new ,york &  
fur!r nor?1 ,i ?9k x w be f\nd t spr+   
plant+ is be/4 ,s\? ( ,philadelphia _m  
roses are set out 9 ! fall1 = "h !y     
become well e/abli%$ be=e cold wea!r    
sets 91 & are !re=e ready to />t active 
gr[? at ! fir/ t\* ( spr+4  ,if spr+    
plant+ is *os5 ! plants mu/ be put 9 !  
gr\nd e>ly--at ! v fir/ opportunity--s t
 !y w h "t to become firmly e/abli%$    
be=e hot wea!r4 ,pot-gr[n plants f a    
gre5h\se _c1 ( c\rse1 be set out until  
all dang] f fro/ is pa/4 ,roses t are   
plant$ s late _c be expect$ to %[ really
 satisfy+ results 9 bloom ! fir/ ye>4   
,roses t are plant$ e>ly 9 ! spr+1 if   
field-gr[n /ock z expla9$ bel[1 w )     
prop] cultivation give at lea/ a        
reasonable am\nt ( bloom ! fir/ ye>1    
?\gh n s mu* z 9 lat] ye>s4  ,"o he>s a 
great deal ( argum5t on ! "q ( :e!r     
roses are be/ gr[n on _! own roots or :5
 gr[n on a /urdi] /ock1 su* z ,manetti =
 ,hybrid ,p]petuals & bri] = ,hybrid    

,teas1 :i* are probably ! be/ rose /ocks
 = ?is c\ntry4 ,x seems to be ! g5]al   
cons5sus ( op9ion t roses budd$ on ^!   
/ocks w ?rive mu* m luxuriantly & give  
mu* bett] blooms ?an ^? :i* dep5d ^u _! 
own root sy/ems4 ,x is necess>y1 h[ev]1 
to set ! po9t at :i* ! %oot is budd$ to 
! /ock ab\t two in*es b5ea? ! surface2  
o!rwise !re is ! con/ant dang] t suck]s 
w spr+ f ! root &1 if ov]look$ = a "t1  
^! w kill ! m desirable %oots4  ,sev]al 
k9ds ( roses are (f]$ by ! deal]s =     
sett+ out 9 ! spr+4 ,!re are ! pot-gr[n 
roses m5tion$ above--! only =m 9 :i* _m 
( ! climb]s may be readily obta9$4      
,mail-ord] h\ses make a practice ( s5d+ 
out ! ,hybrid ,p]petuals1 ,hybrid ,teas 
& ,teas also 9 ?is =m ( v "y plants gr[n
 f cutt+s "u glass dur+ ! w9t]4 ,co/+ m1
 & surely f> m dep5dable1 are !         
field-gr[n roses t h orig9ally be5 budd$
 on ,manetti or bri] &1 usually 9       
two-ye>-old =m1 tak5 out ( ! gr\nd !    
previ\s fall :ile dormant1 to lie 9 cold
 h\ses until ready = plant+4 ,su* roses 

z ^! w surely bloom ! fir/ season & are 
f> bett] equipp$ = ! %ock ( be+ set into
 ! op5 gr\nd aga9 ?an ! pot-gr[n plants 
t h nev] _h a ta/e ( real g>d5 life4  ,a
 ^w ( w>n+ might pr(itably be utt]$     
aga9/ ! *eap roses budd$ on multiflora  
/ock1 gr[n 9 ,holl& & sold 9 "s ( !     
dep>tm5t /ores4 ,!y are %ort-liv$ & v   
poor 9 comp>ison ) plants on bri] &     
,manetti4 ,multiflora has be5 entirely  
disc>d$ z a /ock by ,engli% & ,iri%     
gr[]s4  ,roses on _! own roots h !      
advantage ( be+ *eap]1 due to ! sav+ (  
labor 9 /rik+ cutt+s r ?an              
budd+--"o-ye>-old plants co/+ a doll> = 
six to a doz52 two-ye> & ?ree-ye>-old   
bu%es1 :i* are1 ( c\rse1 f> m desirable1
 co/ m 9 proportion4 ,dormant1          
field-gr[n budd$ roses co/1 9 !         
two-ye>-old size1 f ?irty-five c5ts to a
 doll> ea*4  ,illu/ration3 ,a dormant   
,tea rose z x is receiv$ f ! gr[] =     
plant+ 9 ,m>*4 ,aft] plant+ x %\ld be   
/ill fur!r prun$4  ,be=e sett+ ! plants 
exam9e ea* c>efully & cut (f ! brok5    

roots ) a %>p knife1 z well z all eyes t
 may appe> on ! root /ock1 9 ord] to    
=e/all suck]s4 ,! plants %\ld be set    
imm$iately ^u _! receipt f ! nurs]yman1 
s t !y w n become dri$ out4 ,if !y seem 
dry x may be well to puddle ! roots 9 ?9
 mud j be=e sett+4 ,make ! hole l>ge    
en\gh to accommodate all ( ! plant's    
roots )\t cr[d+1 rememb]+ to put ! budd+
 po9t n less or m ?an two in*es bel[ !  
surface & ) ! roots spread out ne>ly    
horizontally1 b incl9+ d[nw>d t[>ds _!  
ends & )\t cross+ "o ano!r4 ,?is w n be 
an easy matt]1 = 9 %ipm5t ! roots w h   
probably be5 s compress$ t !y ext5d     
almo/ directly d[nw>d f ! coll>4 ,aft] !
 plants h be5 firmly set & ! e>?        
c>efully pack$ 9 ar\nd ! roots1 rake !  
soil to loos5 x up ov] ! :ole surface4  
,! soil w probably be moi/ en\gh at ! "t
 to ne$ no wat]+4  ,) ! pot-gr[n plants1
 ! moi/ ball ( e>? t comes ab\t ! roots 
is c>efully reta9$ intact & plac$ 9 !   
hole prep>$ = ! plant4 ,set ! plant     
firmly 9 place by pressure ) ! soles (  

y\r %oes1 give a g5]\s wat]+ & f9ally   
break up ! surface ( ! soil ) a rake4   
,x is absolutely ess5tial to keep !     
surface ( ! gr\nd loos5$ ) a hoe & a %>p
 /eel rake ?r\gh\t ! summ]4 ,aft] v h>d 
ra9 loos5 ! soil z soon z x is dry en\gh
 to "w1 to cons]ve ! moi/ure4           
,,f]tiliz+   ,9 /rik+ contra/ to !      
exquisite beauty ( ! rose is ! food t we
 mu/ give x 9 abundance if we w\ld h !  
mo/ heal?y plants4 ,b = ! true rose     
en?usia/ ! turn+ ov] ( a muck heap to   
f9d manure 9 j ! "r =m1 or ! dilution ( 
! by-products ( ! c[ b>n ) wat] to make 
! be/ /imulant1 h no?+ ab\t !m t is 9 ! 
lea/ objectionable4  ,if ! soil at our  
disposal is incl9$ to be ri* 9 clay1 we 
c probably d no bett] ?an incorporate   
well-decompos$ /able manure ) x1 by rak+
 x1 well pulv]iz$1 into ! surface 9 !   
e>ly spr+4 ,9 s&y or gravelly soils1    
h[ev]1 c[ manure or t f ! pig/y w s]ve  
f> bett]4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t :5       
prop]ly set out ! rose plant is         
comp>atively %all[-root$1 s t ?is rak+ (

 f9e old manure into ! soil mu/ be j t1 
& n ! deep digg+ ( half-rott$ manure    
into ! b$ ) a spad+-=k4 ,! aim 9 ! me?od
 advocat$ is to put ! solid manure :]e !
 spr+ ra9s w c>ry x 9 "t to ! fe$+      
roots1 & 9 ! liquid =m 9 :i* x is       
readily assimilat$4  ,! !ory ( ?is      
manurial fe$+ w make cle> ! fact t a    
prop] application ( liquid manure has   
practically all ! advantages ( ! =m]    
me?od )\t its drawbacks4 ,= solid       
manure1 if appli$ to ! b$s 9 quantities 
suffici5t to be ( real value1 has a     
t5d5cy to keep ! ne$$ air out ( ! top   
soil1 & to br+ 9 its tra9 an abundance (
 we$s t w be h>d to ext]m9ate4 ,s t1 ) !
 exception ( light s&y soils1 :]e !     
humus is ne$$1 we %all d well to fe$ !  
rose g>d5 liquid n\ri%m5t4  ,! "t :5 ?is
 /imulant w be mo/ effective is 9 !     
mon?s ( ,may & ,june1 :5 mo/ ( ! plants 
are putt+ all _! ef=ts into ! =m+ buds4 
,)hold ! liquid 9 dry spells1 = x is mo/
 appreciat$ imm$iately aft] a good1     
soak+ ra94  ,avoid gett+ ! manure on !  

foliage1 & make sure t x errs on ! side 
( weakness r ?an /r5g?4 ,susp5d+ a      
burlap sack conta9+ a bu%el ( c[ manure 
9 a b>rel ( wat] = two days1 w give a   
solution t ne$s dilution ) its own bulk 
( wat]4 ,a half-gallon to a plant ea*   
week w be a suffici5t normal fe$+4      
,imm$iately aft] dos+ ! b$s g ov] !m ) a
 rake or prong-hoe & loos5 up ! surface 
to prev5t evaporation4  ,a vital        
pr9ciple 9 fe$+ rose plants is "o t     
seems to be ov]look$ in/9ctively by sev5
 out ( t5 amateur g>d5]s4 ,x is ?is3 ,a 
/rong-gr[+1 heal?y plant ne$s & w absorb
 a l>ge quantity ( liquid manure2 a     
sickly plant1 or "o t is n yet well     
e/abli%$1 does n ne$ & _c absorb ev5 !  
normal quantity ( ?is food4 ,yet h[ (t5 
are we tempt$ to fe$ to excess ?is      
weakl+ & )hold food f t ne>by /urdy bu%1
 because ! latt] doesn't ne$ x4 ,j be> 9
 m9d ! fact t we d n give burgundy to a 
puny *ild t is /ruggl+ aga9/ ! effects (
 malnutrition1 b t a heal?y1 gr[+ boy c 
consume an a/oni%+ am\nt ( food & dr9k4 

,to review ! ye>'s activities 9         
f]tiliz+3 let u put a top dress+ ( r\gh 
manure ov] ! b$s 9 ! fall1 ab\t ?ree    
in*es deep1 ) fur!r protection :]e !    
climate dem&s x4 ,9 ! spr+ we %all rake 
(f ! co>se portion ( ?is cov]+1 leav+ ! 
f9ely pulv]iz$ manure to be rak$ g5tly  
into ! top soil if x ne$s ?is additional
 humus 7! manure's food value w h be5   
wa%$ d[n by ! w9t]'s ra9 & sn[74 ,if our
 soil is clayey ! :ole top dress+ w be  
ho$ (f4 ,9 ,may & ,june come ! g5]\s    
applications ( ! liquid manure1 & = !   
,teas & ,p]petuals t really d cont9ue to
 fl[]1 ^! applications may well be      
cont9u$ ?r\gh ! summ] at less frequ5t   
int]vals1 leav+ (f at ! end ( ,augu/1   
let u say1 s z n to enc\rage            
unnecess>ily ! late summ]'s gr[? ( wood4
  ,al?\gh n _m ( u1 9 all probability1 w
 meet ! unusual condition ( hav+ = our  
rose g>d5s only an ov]-f]tiliz$ soil 9 a
 long-us$ g>d51 x may be well to m5tion 
! fact t su* a soil w n produce good    
roses4 ,treatm5t ) lime w help matt]s = 

a "t1 b if )9 ! range ( possibility we  
%\ld remake ! g>d5 ) virg9 soil4  ,! use
 ( nitrate ( soda & l /imulants may be  
und]tak5 sp>+ly 9 ! spr+1 b ^! are bett]
 left to ^? g>d5]s :o h le>n$1 possibly 
?r\gh disa/r\s exp]i5ces1 h[ prop]ly to 
use !m4     ,,prun+   ,! rose is "o ( ^?
 plants t seem to ne$ ! firm h& ( man to
 direct !m 9 ! way !y %\ld gr[4 ,if left
 to _! own devices1 mo/ ( ! highly      
cultivat$ roses rev]t quickly to l[]    
types2 !y ne$ ! pitiless prun+-knife to 
spur !m to _! be/ endeavor4  ,x w       
readily be se5 t sev]e prun+1 z a g5]al 
pr9ciple1 t5ds t[>ds great] beauty (    
individual blooms1 :ile light prun+ is  
conducive to a bett] r\nd$-out =m ( bu% 
at ! exp5se ( ! fl[]s4 ,or1 aga91 !     
sev]e prun+ gives quality ( bloom z     
oppos$ to quantity ( bloom4  ,always cut
 back ! plants sev]ely :5 fir/ sett+ !m 
out--,teas & ,hybrid ,teas less ?an !   
,hybrid ,p]petuals1 & ! climb]s lea/ (  
all4  ,unreasonable z x may seem1 !     
plants ( vigor\s habit ( gr[? ne$ less  

prun+ ?an ! less active ones4  ,prun+   
may be />t$ ) ! dw>f ,hybrid p]petuals 9
 ,m>*--leav+ f\r or five canes ?ree feet
 9 l5g? if l>ge masses ( bloom are      
want$4 ,! result w be a l>ge numb] (    
small fl[]s4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 few] &   
l>g] fl[]s are want$1 all weak gr[? %\ld
 be remov$ & e heal?y cane reta9$ & cut 
back 9 prep>ation = ! plant's           
developm5t4 ,! weake/ %\ld n h m ?an f\r
 in*es ( wood left on ! root1 :ile !    
/ronge/ may h eight or n9e in*es4       
,always prune a cane ab\t a qu>t] ( an  
in* above an outside bud unless ! cane  
is v f> f ! v]tical1 :5 an inside "o    
%\ld be left = ! t]m9al %oot4 ,see t !  
wood is n torn or bruis$ 9 ! op]ation4  
,! prun+ ( ,hybrid ,teas & ,teas _h     
bett] be po/pon$ until ! fir/ signs (   
life appe>4 ,! b>k becomes gre5] & !    
dormant buds beg9 to swell4 ,dead or dy+
 wood w !n readily be noticeable & x may
 be remov$4 ,rememb] t ^! two classes d 
n ne$ su* sev]e prun+ z d ! ,hybrid     
,p]petuals2 twice ! am\nt ( wood may    

safely be left if x seems promis+4      
,dormant rose plants b\ght 9 ! spr+ w   
arrive f ! gr[]s already p>tly prun$4 ,9
 g5]al1 f "o-half to two-?irds ( !      
rema9+ l5g? ( cane %\ld be cut (f :5 !  
plants are set out1 remov+ entirely all 
bruis$ or dead wood4 ,be> 9 m9d always1 
if y\r consci5ce revolts at su* sev]e   
cutt+1 t ! /ronge/ dormant buds are     
ne>e/ ! base ( ! plant & x is ^! we want
 to =ce into gr[? to be> ! prize blooms4
  ,) ! rambl]s v little cutt+ is ne$$2  
m]ely cut back ! %oots t seem to be     
outdi/anc+ _! neighbors by too mu*1 &   
cut out entirely ! dead canes4  ,!      
rugosa is int5d$ to be a bu% r ?an a    
/rong1 lean plant = prize blooms4 ,m]ely
 cut out old1 dry wood & trim back !    
long] %oots to ! desir$ =m4  ,use a     
fir/-class pair ( prun+ %e>s 9 ord] t ! 
"w may be done quickly &1 above all1 )  
clean cuts t %[ no te>+ or abrasion ( ! 
b>k4     ,,pe/s   ,once m let me repeat 
! fact t by f> ! mo/ effective campaign 
aga9/ ! insects & o!r pe/s t infe/ rose 

plants is to be f\nd1 n 9 spray+s &     
du/+s1 b r 9 ma9ta9+ to ! be/ ( our     
ability a condition ( heal? 9 ! plant   
itself4 ,prev5tion "h1 z always1 is     
bett] ?an cure4 ,nor c x be too /rongly 
emphasiz$ t ! daily use ( a p[]ful b    
f9ely divid$ spray f ! hose w make life 
on ! rose plant mis]able = practically  
all ( ! p>asites4  ,! foll[+ are ! *ief 
enemies t we may enc\nt] 9 ! rose g>d54 
,!y are briefly describ$ s z to be      
recognizable :5 f\nd1 & = ! annihilation
 or keep+ 9 *eck ( ea* is giv5 "o ( ! _m
 rem$ies4 ,practically e ros>ian        
develops1 aft] a "t1 8 own pet =mulae = 
^! poisons1 s t rose books w be f\nd to 
conta9 a wond]fully v>i$ assortm5t (    
weapons--s num]\s 9 fact t "o w\ld ?9k !
 army ( rose pe/s c\ld nev] live to     
cont9ue _! depr$ations ano!r season4    
,aphis or ,gre5 ,fly  ,a small1 pale    
gre5 l\se1 w+$ or w+less1 ) a s(t1 fat1 
oval body app>5tly too big = its legs4  
,a s+le aphis 9 five g5]ations may      
become ! prog5itor ( #f1jjj1jjj1jjj4    

,tobacco smoke is an excell5t weapon1   
or1 if a spray is f\nd m conv5i5t to    
apply1 a solution ( #d oz4 ( tobacco    
/ems boil$ = #aj m94 9 #a gal4 ( s(t    
wat]1 w d4 ,! same weight ( quassia *ips
 may be sub/itut$ = ! tobacco4 ,if !    
tobacco is us$1 ! *eape/ t c be b\ght is
 ! be/ = ! purpose4 ,/ra9 ! solution &  
add #d oz4 ( s(t soap :ile x is /ill    
hot1 /irr+ well to dissolve ! soap4     
,ano!r rem$y--#a qt4 ( s(t soap boil$ 9 
#b qts4 ( s(t wat]1 add+ #a pt4 ( p>aff9
 be=e cool+--is well recomm5d$4 ,x %\ld 
be appli$ dilut$ ) s(t wat] to t5 times 
its bulk4 ,! p>aff9 acts z an a/r+5t    
:i*1 toge!r ) ! s(t soap1 cleanses !    
plant ( honey-dew1 :i* is exud$ by !    
aphis to protect its feet aga9/ cold &  
wet4   ,mildew  ,a fung\s disease t may 
appe> :5 ! rose plants are 9 a damp1    
%ady or ill-v5tilat$ location4 ,al?\gh  
"s v>ieties are m susceptible ?an o!rs  
to ?is disease1 ! rose g>d5 locat$ out 9
 ! op51 :]e ! air has unob/ruct$ access1
 w n be tr\bl$ mu* by mildew4 ,:5 !     

disease appe>s late 9 ! autumn x ne$ n  
be fe>$4  ,du/+ fl[]s ( sulphur ^u !    
foliage1 tak+ c>e to rea* ! "u side (   
leaves z well z ! upp]1 & ^u ! gr\nd    
ab\t ! plants1 is a well e/abli%$ rem$y4
 ,x w be f\nd conv5i5t to %ake ! p[d] f 
a bak+-p[d] c1 ! end ( :i* is pun*$ )   
holes1 if a regul> p[d] gun is n at h&4 
,use ! sulphur 9 ! e>ly morn+1 :5 ! dew 
w help to hold x on ! leaves1 or else   
spray ! plants ) wat] be=eh&4   ,rose   
,?rip  ,a small1 yell[i% :ite insect )  
transp>5t w+s1 usually f\nd on ! "u side
 ( ! rose leaves4 ,?is pe/ appe>s 9     
sw>ms & 9 an a/oni%+ly %ort "t turns !  
foliage yell[4  ,if ! pe/ appe>s1 spray 
! rose plants daily ) a hose z sugge/$  
above4 ,if ?is does n prove efficaci\s1 
du/ ! "u side ( ! leaves ) :ite         
hellebore 9 a p[d] gun4 ,:ale oil soap  
solution1 9 ! proportions ( #e oz4 (    
soap to #a gal4 ( wat]1 is a v good     
rem$y4 ,x is easi] to dissolve ! soap if
 ! wat] is hot4   ,rose ,cat]pill> or   
,leaf-roll]  ,sev]al k9ds ( cat]pill>s  

may appe>1 v>y+ f "o-half to ?ree-qu>t]s
 ( an in* 9 l5g?1 & ei!r gre51 yell[ or 
br[n 9 color4 ,!y h a habit ( envelop+  
!mselves 9 ! rose leaves1 or bor+ _! way
 into ! fl[] buds4 ,9 ! latt] case !y   
are v apt to be ov]look$4  ,p[d]$       
hellebore w h9d] _! progress1 b by f> ! 
mo/ effective weapons are ! f+] &       
?umb--glov$1 if y insi/4   ,rose ,*af]  
or ,rose-bug  ,?is br[n beetle1 less ?an
 "o-half in* 9 l5g?1 is "o ( ! be/-kn[n 
rose pe/s4 ,x is a sl[-mov+ creature t  
appe>s sudd5ly 9 armies 9 ! bloom+      
season 9 ,june1 & is ! m annoy+ = !     
reason t x devotes its att5tion almo/   
entirely to ! fl[]s !mselves4  ,p>is    
gre51 du/$ ov] ! plants1 w kill ! pe/1 b
 ?is poison has a disagreeable way ( %[+
 no intellig5t discrim9ation 9 ! *oice (
 its victims4 ,really ! only            
satisfactory me?od ( attack is to knock 
! /upid creatures (f ! fl[]s into a t9 (
 k]os5e & !n burn x4   ,rose ,slug  ,!  
l>vae ( a saw-fly :i* comes up out ( !  
gr\nd 9 ,may & ,june4 ,! female makes   

incisions 9 ! leaves & deposits h] eggs1
 :i* hat* out 9 ab\t two weeks4 ,! slugs
 w eat an a/oni%+ am\nt ( leaf if n     
*eck$4 ,!y are ab\t a half-in* long1    
gre51 & w be f\nd on ! upp] side ( !    
leaf4  ,p[d]$ :ite hellebore1 du/$ on ! 
foliage1 or ! solution ( :ale oil soap  
m5tion$ = ! ,rose ,?rip1 w keep x 9     
*eck4   ,:ite ,grub  ,an und]gr\nd enemy
 t fe$s on ! roots ( rose plants4 ,! )]+
 or sickl9ess ( ! plant is suffici5t    
reason to cause a ?or\gh se>* to be made
 by lift+ x4 ,! grub1 :i* is provid$ )  
six legs ne> ! head1 & :i* coils itself 
into a cresc5t %ape :5 9 repose1 is     
p>ticul>ly fond ( /rawb]ry plants1 s x w
 be well to keep ^! "s di/ance away f ! 
rose g>d54  ,!re is no insecticide t w  
be effective1 because ( ! und]gr\nd po9t
 ( attack4 ,lift+ ! plant & remov+ !    
grub is ! only ?+ t c be done4   ,b>k   
,l\se or ,:ite ,scale  ,?is appe>s :5 ! 
rose bu% is gr[n 9 a damp1 %ady place4  
,x is sn[ :ite & individual scales are  
ab\t "o-t5? ( an in* 9 diamet]1         

irregul>ly r\nd4  ,cut (f & burn badly  
infe/$ %oots4 ,spray ) #a lb4 ( soap 9  
#a gal4 ( wat] 9 e>ly w9t] & aga9 9 e>ly
 spr+4 ,weak] summ] applications may be 
us$ also--#a lb4 9 #d or #f gal4 once 9 
?ree weeks ?r\gh\t ! season w rea* all !
 l>vae4   ,our ,allies  ,x is well to   
rememb] t !re are fri5ds ( ! rose 9 !   
l[] animal _w z well z enemies--! toad1 
lady-bug1 gr\nd-bird & swall[1          
p>ticul>ly4 ,! toad is sometimes br\ght 
by ! ,engli% g>d5]s f a di/ance to help 
wage w> on ! pe/s2 ! lady-bug may be    
pass$ ?ankfully by :5 se52 & x may be   
well to try attract+ ! birds to ! rose  
g>d5 by scatt]+ a few crumbs !re        
daily--n too _m1 b j en\gh to ar\se a   
real appetite = insect pe/s4            
,,propagation   ,! propagation ( 8 own  
/ock is a task = :i* ! exp]t is bett]   
fitt$ ?an ! beg9n] = :om ?is book is    
writt54 ,nev]!less1 ,i d\bt :e!r !      
amateur w pass ?r\gh 8 fir/ ye> ( rose  
gr[+ )\t wi%+ to make an attempt to     
multiply ! /ock ( ^? roses :i* h ) him  

be5 mo/ successful1 or to bud a *oice   
v>iety f a fri5d's g>d5 on ! fo/]-p>5t  
/ock = 8 own place4  ,:]eas 9 ,engl& !  
process ( budd+ is c>ri$ on v widely & )
 fair success among amateur &           
pr(essional ros>ians alike1 ) u ?is     
means ( propagation seems fraught )     
great] difficulty4 ,except+ 9 ! case (  
v>ieties t d n readily root f cutt+s1   
?is latt] me?od ( propagation is g5]ally
 adopt$ :]e roses on _! own roots are   
desir$4  ,! be/ "t = tak+ cutt+s f a    
plant is t[>ds ! end ( ! summ]1 :5 !    
ripe wood ( ! curr5t ye>'s gr[? w be    
available4 ,t5 in*es is a conv5i5t l5g? 
= ! pieces & "s ros>ians feel t if a    
heel1 or portion ( old] wood1 rema9s on 
! l[] end !re w be great] likelihood (  
root+4 ,remove all b ! two top leaves & 
set ! cutt+ 9 a light soil1 or ev5 9    
pure s&1 s t only ! two upp] buds are   
expos$4 ,leave ! cutt+s 9 ! gr\nd until 
! foll[+ autumn1 :5 ^? t h tak5 root may
 be transplant$ & set at a less dep? 9  
_! p]man5t qu>t]s4  ,budd+ is a f> m    

int]e/+ process to c>ry ?r\gh1 & by x we
 may h /urdi] roses on a /ock l ,manetti
 or bri]4 ,a v %>p knife is requir$1 )  
"s raffia = ty+ ! bud securely into !   
/ock4 ,9 ! limit$ scope ( ?is book ,i c 
b indicate v r\ghly ! g5]al proc$ure1 &1
 inde$1 budd+ is f> m readily le>n$ by  
wat*+ a skill$ ros>ian d x ?an by read+ 
_m pages ( description4 ,briefly1 !n1 a 
bud1 :i* may be f\nd "u any petiole1 is 
c>efully slic$1 ) its surr\nd+ b>k &    
back+ ( wood1 f ! half-ripe /alk ( !    
v>iety to be propagat$1 leav+ ! petiole 
9 place to s]ve z a h&le4 ,?is is       
probably be/ done 9 ,july4 ,aft] remov+ 
v g5tly ! wood back+ f ! b>k & bud1 !   
latt] are slipp$ into a ,t-%ap$ incision
 9 ! fo/] /ock1 ?is incision to be made 
?r\gh ! b>k to ! actual wood ( ! /alk4  
,! bud & its support+ b>k are ins]t$    
betwe5 ! wood & b>k ( ! /ock1 ! latt] !n
 be+ wrapp$ ) a few turns ( raffia to   
hold ! bud 9 place4 ,aft] a p]iod ( a   
mon? ! bud w ei!r h tak5 hold or fail$1 
& ! tie may be remov$4  ,! rose plants t

 we buy already budd$ on ,manetti or    
bri] are produc$ 9 ?is way1 except+ t ! 
bud is ins]t$ v l[ on ! /ock1 s t !     
junction w be und]gr\nd4 ,?is is ! m    
desirable place = budd+1 insur+1 if we  
nip ! suck]s z !y may appe>1 a plant t  
above gr\nd %[s only ! %oots ( ! desir$ 
v>iety4  ,illu/ration3 ,a %oot ( an     
improv$ v>iety ( rose graft$ & held 9   
place ) raffia to ! /ock ( a /urdy gr[? 
l ,manetti4 ,at ! "r is a suck] or gr[? 
f ! root1 & x mu/ be cut (f z soon z x  
appe>s4  ,graft+ is practic$ only 9 !   
case ( roses gr[n "u glass1 :5 ! scions 
are cleft into /ocks ( ,manetti or bri] 
gr[n 9 pots = ! purpose4  ,lay]+ is us$ 
z a means ( increas+ ! /ock only 9 !    
case ( roses t d n readily /rike f      
cutt+s4 ,x consi/s ( b5d+ d[n a long    
%oot s t a section ( x may be pegg$     
und]gr\nd to take root4  ,propagation by
 se$ is limit$ to ! ef=ts to obta9 new  
v>ieties aft] cross-f]tilization1 & is a
 disc\rag+ly sl[ & unc]ta9 process4     
,,w9t] ,,protection   ,x w be a r$-lett]

 day = amateur ros>ians :5 ! exi/+      
favorites among rose plants %all h be5 s
 improv$ by cross-bre$+ t we c leave (f 
all ! w9t] ov]coats ( /raw1 bru% & e>?1 
) ! happy k t spr+ w f9d z _m live      
plants 9 ! rose g>d5 z we rejoic$ 9 dur+
 ! previ\s season4  ,illu/ration3 ,9    
,engl& ! /&>d rose1 hav+ a long /em ( ! 
fo/] /ock1 is q common4 ,) u x is less  
frequ5tly se5 on acc\nt ( ! bo!r ( prop]
 w9t] protection4  ,al?\gh ! ,hybrid    
,p]petuals are1 = ! mo/ "p1 suffici5tly 
h>dy to )/& an ord9>y w9t] unprotect$1 x
 is /ill ! "p ( wisdom to cons]ve _!    
en]gy & heal? by hoe+ up ! e>? ab\t _!  
bases & putt+ ov] all a top dress+ (    
r\gh manure :5 protect+ ! ,hybrid ,teas 
& ,teas4 ,9 ! nor!rn /ates x w be well  
to tie up ! tops ( ! latt] ) /raw or to 
surr\nd ! b$ ) a bord] ( bo>ds or wire  
nett+1 aft] w9t] has set 91 & cov] !    
plants ) a ?ick blanket ( leaves held   
d[n by bru%4 ,?is protection %\ld be    
remov$ gradually 9 ,m>*4  ,:]e ! w9t]s  
are p>ticul>ly sev]e1 a /ill m c]ta9    

precaution is to dig up ! plants & lay  
!m 9 well-dra9$ tr5*es1 cov]+ !m ) e>? &
 a fur!r lay] ( leaves1 /raw or bru%4 ,!
 aim is n to protect ! plants f freez+  
at all1 b to prev5t ! alt]nate freez+ & 
?aw+ t is s disa/r\s4  ,ano!r treatm5t =
 t5d] roses is to w9t] !m 9 boxes ( soil
 9 a cool cell>4 ,9 case ?is is done1   
see t ! e>? is n all[$ to dry out       
entirely4 ,at plant+ "t 9 ! spr+ !      
dormant plants w be tak5 out1 dipp$ 9 a 
bucket ( ?9 mud & replant$ 9 ! g>d54    
,:ile we may be will+ = ! pres5t to take
 su* precautions ) ! g>d5 roses1 mo/ ( u
 w n c>e to coddle ! climb]s to any?+ l 
?is ext5t4 ,beyond hoe+ up a m\nd ( e>? 
ab\t ! bases ( ^! & top-dress+ !m1 we   
%all let ! climb]s fight _! own battles1
 & leave ! result to ! pr9ciple ( !     
survival ( ! fitte/4     ,,li/s ,,(     
,,dep5dable ,,roses   ,x is a difficult 
matt]1 inde$1 to select1 f ! exp]i5ce ( 
rose gr[]s & f ! long li/s ( !          
nurs]ym5's catalogues1 a few t may be   
safely nam$ z ! be/ roses4 ,9 fact1 x is

 a task t no "o w\ld c>e to und]take4 ,x
 may be helpful1 h[ev]1 to add ! foll[+ 
li/2 ^! are by no means ! only good     
roses1 b 9 *oos+ any or all ( ^! !      
amateur _c well g a/ray4 ,= ! b5efit ( 8
 exp]i5ce & advice reg>d+ ^! li/s1 ,i am
 indebt$1 among o!rs1 to ,dr4 ,rob]t    
,huey1 ( ,philadelphia--probably ! mo/  
exp]i5c$ amateur gr[] ( roses 9 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates4  ,x has be5 ?\ght be/ n to     
attempt individual descriptions nor to g
 v f> into details ( color4 ,! li/s1 !n1
 are gr\p$ into r\gh sub-divisions "u ! 
ma9 colors1 & x w be und]/ood t p9k1 =  
in/ance1 w include a r wide range ( v>y+
 t9ts4   ,,hybrid ,,p]petuals           
,:ite--,m]veille de ,lyon1 ,:ite        
,b>oness1 ,frau ,k>l ,drus*ki1 ,m>g>et  
,dickson1 ,mabel ,morrison1 ,gloire     
,lyonnaise 79 reality a ,hybrid ,tea1 b 
z x blooms only 9 ,june x may be includ$
 9 ! ,hybrid ,p]petual class74          
,p9k--,b>oness ,ro?s*ild1 ,c>ol9e       
,d',ard51 ,he9ri* ,s*ul!is1 ,h] ,maje/y1
 ,lady ,ar?ur ,hill1 ,mrs4 ,george      

,dickson1 ,mrs4 ,h>kness1 ,susan ,m>ie  
,rodocana*i1 ,mrs4 ,john ,la+1 ,paul    
,neyron1 ,m>ie ,f+es1 ,m>quise de       
,ca/ellane1 ,mrs4 ,r4 ,s4               
,%>man-,craw=d1 ,s\v5ir de la           
,malmaison4  ,r$--,capta9 ,hayw>d1 ,fi%]
 ,holmes1 ,g5]al ,jacquem9ot1 ,osc>     
,cordel1 ,ulri* ,brunn]1 ,duke (        
,ed9burgh1 ,duke ( ,teck1 ,anne de      
,diesba*1 ,duke ( ,fife1 ,eti5ne ,levet1
 ,pr9ce ,ar?ur1 ,ard's ,rov] 7climb]74  
,pr9ce ,camille de ,rohan is ! be/ ( ! v
 d>k roses1 among :i* also are ,sultan (
 ,zanzib>1 ,l\is ,van ,h\tte1 & ,xavi]  
,olibo4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are weak gr[]s &    
frequ5tly d n br+ _! blossoms to        
p]fection4   ,,teas  ,:ite--,:ite ,maman
 ,co*et1 ,hon4 ,edi? ,gif=d4            
,p9k--,william ,r4 ,smi?1 ,maman ,co*et1
 ,s\v5ir d'un ,ami1 ,du*esse de         
,brabant1 ,mrs4 ,b4 ,r4 ,cant4          
,yell[--,h>ry ,kirk1 ,etoile de ,lyon1  
,francisca ,krueg]1 ,isabelle ,sprunt1  
,safrano1 ,m>ie ,van ,h\tte4   ,,hybrid 
,,teas  ,:ite or light-color$ &         

mix$--,visc\ntess ,folke/one1 ,ph>isa]1 
,molly ,%>man-,craw=d1 ,ell5 ,wilmot1   
,grace ,molyneaux1 ,anto9e ,revoire1    
,joseph ,hill1 ,mrs4 ,a4 ,r4 ,waddell1  
,betty1 ,pr9ce de ,bulg>ie1 ,la ,tosca1 
,kais]9 ,augu/a ,victoria4              
,p9k--,kill>ney1 ,lady ,alice ,/anley1  
,lady ,ursula1 ,dean ,hole1 ,lyon ,rose1
 ,doro?y ,page ,rob]ts1 ,madame ,edmee  
,metz1 ,lady ,a%t[n1 ,mrs4 ,*>les ,cu/is
 ,h>rison1 ,c>ol9e ,te/\t1 ,la ,france4 
,yell[--,du*ess ( ,well+ton1 ,mrs4 ,a>on
 ,w>d1 ,madame ,rav>y1 ,madame ,melanie 
,s\p]t1 ,madame ,hector ,leuillot1      
,melody4  ,r$--,george ,c4 ,waud1       
,lawr5t ,c>le1 ,gruss an ,teplitz1      
,*ateau de ,closvoges1 ,etoile de       
,france4   ,,moss ,,roses               
,:ite--,blan*e ,moreau4  ,p9k--,cre/$   
,moss4   ,,rugosa ,,& ,,its ,,hybrids   
,:ite--,blanc ,d\ble de ,c\b]t2 ,rosa   
rugosa1 v>4 alba4  ,p9k--,conrad ,f4    
,mey]4  ,r$--,arnold2 ,rosa rugosa1 v>4 
rubra4   ,,wi*uraiana ,,hybrids         
,:ite--,wi*uraiana1 ,:ite ,doro?y4      

,p9k--,lady ,gay1 ,doro?y ,p]k9s1 ,w4   
,c4 ,egan1 ,s>g5t4  ,r$--,hiawa?a4      
,,noisettes  ,yell[--,clo? ( ,gold1     
,reve d',or 7climb]71 ,=tune's ,yell[4  
,,polyan?as  ,:ite--,tri]1 ,ca!r9e      
,ziemet4  ,p9k--,taus5ds*o51 ,clo?ilde  
,s\p]t4  ,r$--,c>m9e ,pill>4   ,,prairie
 ,,roses  ,:ite--,baltimore ,belle4     
,p9k--,rosa setig]a4   ,,au/rian ,,bri]s
  ,yell[--,h>rison's ,yell[1 ,p]sian    
,yell[1 ,au/rian ,copp]4     ,a         
,,gloss>y ,,( ,,t]ms   ,an!r--a r\nd$   
knob-l =m at ! top ( ! /am51 conta9+ !  
poll54  ,callus--a swell+ :i* occurs at 
! base ( a cutt+ previ\s to ! =mation ( 
roots4  ,calyx--! n>r[ gre5 leaves or   
sepals =m+ ! cov]+ = ! bud4  ,corymb--a 
gr\p ( fl[] /alks aris+ f a common /alk 
& =m+ a level top4  ,cutt+--a section ( 
a /alk conta9+ sev]al eyes or dormant   
buds1 tak5 = ! propagation ( a new      
plant4  ,disbud--to deprive a /alk (    
fl[] buds by p9*+ or rubb+ ^! (f4 ,x is 
done 9 ord] to ?r[ m en]gy into ! rema9+
 bud or buds4  ,hep or hip--! se$ pod4  

,hybrid--a new species result+ f !      
cross-f]tilization ( two species4       
,leaflet--a s+le memb] ( ! comp\nd leaf 
borne by all rose plants4  ,maid5       
plant--a plant bloom+ = ! fir/ "t aft]  
be+ budd$ or graft$ to a /ock4  ,ov>y--!
 holl[ l[] end ( a pi/il1 conta9+ !     
embryo se$s4  ,panicle--a clu/] ( fl[]s 
borne irregul>ly on a /em4  ,petiole--! 
/alk to :i* ! sev]al leaflets are       
atta*$4  ,pi/il--! se$-be>+ organ 9 !   
c5t] ( a fl[]1 consi/+ ( "o or m /yles1 
"o or m /igmas & ! ov>y4  ,poll5--!     
p[d]y sub/ance f\nd 9 ! an!rs4          
,remontant--appli$ to roses t fl[] !    
second "t 9 a summ]4  ,sepals--! n>r[   
gre5 leaves ( a pi?y texture =m+ !      
calyx4  ,sport--a %oot or suck] f a     
plant1 %[+ "s peculi> feature or        
features di/+ui%+ x f its p>5t4         
,/am5s--! male organs surr\nd+ ! pi/il4 
,/igma--! upp] end ( ! pi/il1 capable ( 
receiv+ ! poll5 & connect$ ) ! ov>y by a
 tube ext5d+ d[n ?r\gh ! /yle4  ,/yle--!
 erect column> support ( ! /igma4       

,suck]--a bran* or %oot proce$+ f ! root
 or /em ( a plant1 bel[ ! surface ( !   
gr\nd4 ,frequ5tly us$ z mean+ a %oot f !
 root-/ock ( a budd$ or graft$ plant4