,,! ,,lure ,,( ,,! ,,p5 ,a ,book = ,w\ld-,be ,au?ors by ,,flora ,,klickmann ,editor ( ,! ,girl's ,own ,pap] & ,woman's ,magaz9e ,:o ,has ,writt5 ,! ,fl[]-,pat* among ! ,hills1 ,betwe5 ! ,l>*woods & ! ,weir1 & ,o!r ,works ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons ,new ,york & ,london #aibj ,copyright1 #aibj1 by ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons ,,d$icat$ ,,to ,,mr4 ,,james ,,b[d5 ,,:o ,,has ,,few ,,equals1 ,,ei!r ,,z ,a ,,publi%]1 ,,or ,,z ,a ,,fri5d ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,am]ican ,,edition ,9 s5d+ out ?is new book to ! ,am]ican public1 ,i feel ,i am address+ a sympa!tic audi5ce1 s9ce o!r volumes t h prec$$ x h be5 mo/ cordially receiv$1 & h add$ consid]ably to my long li/ ( fri5ds on ! ,we/]n side ( ! ,atlantic4 ,at fir/ glance x may seem z ?\gh ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! writ+s ( ,am]ican & ,briti% au?ors is too m>k$ to all[ ( a book on ,au?or%ip prov+ useful to bo? c\ntries--b 9 reality ! diff]5ce is only sup]ficial1 & is l>gely conf9$ to me?ods ( newspap] j\rnalism1 or connect$ ) mann]isms & topical qualities4 ,fundam5tally1 bo? nations "w on ! same l9es & ackn[l$ge ! same gov]n+ laws 9 ,lit]ature4 ,am]ican au?ors1 no less ?an ,briti%1 d]ive _! inspirations f ,european classics4 ,& magaz9e editors & publi%]s 9 bo? c\ntries are only too grateful = good "w f ei!r side4 ,no "o c tea* au?ors h[ or :at to write2 b sometimes x is possible to help ! beg9n]s to an und]/&+ ( :at x is bett] n to write4 ,= ! re/ ,i hope ! book expla9s itself4 ,,flora ,,klickmann ,fleet ,/reet1 ,london4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,"p ,,"o3 ,,! ,,mss4 ,,t ,,fail ,:y !y ,fail #c ,?ree ,ess5tials 9 ,tra9+ #aa ,,"p ,,two3 ,,on ,,keep+ ,,y\r ,,eyes ,,op5 ,a ,c\rse 9 ,obs]vation #ag ,! ,assessm5t ( ,spiritual ,values #bd ,,"p ,,?ree3 ,,! ,,help ,,t ,,books ,,c ,,give ,! ,bane ( ,br[s+ #ce ,read+ = ,def9ite ,data #da ,read+ = ,/yle #dg ,! ,ne$ = ,enl>g+ ! ,vocabul>y #eh ,! ,*>m ( ,musical ,language #fh ,analys+ an ,au?or's ,me?ods #gh ,,"p ,,f\r3 ,,po9ts ,a ,,writ] ,,ought ,,to ,,note ,practice ,prec$es ,publication #ig ,! ,read] mu/ be ,int]e/$ #aaf ,=m %\ld be ,consid]$ #acj ,"r ,selection is ,important #aci ,:5 ,writ+ ,articles #add ,sugge/ions = ,/yle #aef ,! ,ubiquit\s ,fragm5t #aff ,conc]n+ ,local ,col\r #agb ,creat+ ,atmosph]e #agh ,! ,me?od ( ,pres5t+ a ,/ory #ahh ,fallacies 9 ,fiction #aig ,"s ,rules = ,/ory-,writ+ #bag ,ab\t ! ,climax #bbe ,! ,use ( ,curta9s #bbi ,on ,mak+ ,v]se #bcd ,! ,function ( ! ,blue ,p5cil #beb ,,"p ,,five3 ,,au?or1 ,,publi%]1 ,,& ,,public ,:5 ,(f]+ ,goods = ,sale #bfa ,! ,responsibility #bhf ,,index #big ,,"p ,,"o ,,! ,,mss4 ,,t ,,fail ,9 ! ,bus9ess ( ,mak+ ,lit]ature1 ! only ,quality t pres5ts itself 9 ,abundance is entirely untra9$ ,m$iocrity4 ,! ,lure ( ! ,p5 ,:y ,!y ,fail ,9 ! c\rse ( a ye> ,i read some:]e ab\t n9e ?\s& /ories1 articles & poems4 ,^! are exclusive ( ^? read by o!rs 9 my (fice4 ,( ^! n9e ?\s& ,i pur*ase ab\t six hundr$ p] annum4 ,! rema9d] are usually decl9$ = "o ( ?ree reasons2 ei!r1 ,!y are n suit$ to ! policy & ! requirem5ts ( ! publi%+ h\se1 or ! p]iodicals1 = :i* ,i am pur*as+4 ,or1 ,!y tread gr\nd we h already cov]$4 ,or1 ,!y h no m>ketable value4 ,! l>g] proportion ( ! reject$ ,,mss4 come "u ! la/ head+4 ,!y are ( ! hom+ ord]1 w>rant$ to return to _! />t+ po9t4 ,! numb] t ,i buy does n indicate ! numb] t ,i require4 ,9 normal times ,i c\ld use at any rate d\ble ! numb] t ,i pur*ase4 ,i nev] h an ov]/ock ( ! "r ?+4 ,i nev] h m ?an ,i c publi% ( c]ta9-to-sell matt]4 ,no publi%] or editor ev] has4 ,9 ! bus9ess ( ,mak+ ,lit]ature 7& ?r\gh\t ^! *apt]s ,i use ! ^w lit]ature 9 its wide/ s5se7 g5ius is r>e4 ,ne>ly-g5ius is almo/ z r>e4 ,! only quality t pres5ts itself 9 abundance is entirely untra9$ m$iocrity4 ,x may be ?\ght t ?is applies equally to all dep>tm5ts ( ! _w's "w2 b x is n s4 ,:ile g5ius is sc>ce :]ev] "o looks1 ,i "k ( only "o o!r vocation :]e ! c&idates expect good pay at ! v />t )\t any sort ( tra9+1 any exp]i5ce1 any specialis$ k1 or any idea ( ! simple/ requirem5t ( ! bus9ess f :i* !y hope to draw an income--! o!r vocation be+ dome/ic s]vice4 ,= example3 ,?\gh ?\s&s ( pa9t+s & sket*es are (f]$ me 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>1 ,i _c recall "o in/ance ( an arti/ ann\nc+ t ?is is 81 or h]1 fir/ attempt at draw+2 all ! "w submitt$1 ev5 ! feeble/1 %[s previ\s practice or tra9+ ( "s sort1 be x ev] s elem5t>y4 ,yet x is no uncommon ?+ to receive ) a ,,ms4 a lett] expla9+1 ,?is is ! fir/ "t ,i h ev] tri$ to write any?+4 ,!n aga91 no "o expects to be engag$ to play a viol9 solo at a conc]t1 :5 %e has _h no tra9+1 m]ely because %e craves a public appe>ance & applause4 ,yet _m a girl & woman writes to an editor3 ,?is is my fir/ attempt at a poem4 ,i d s hope y w publi% x1 z ,i %\ld s l to see myself 9 pr9t4 ,& no "o w\ld expect to get a good sal>y z a dressmak] by ann\nc+ t1 ?\gh %e has n ! mo/ elem5t>y k ( ! bus9ess1 %e feels conv9c$ t %e c\ld make a dress4 ,yet ov] & ov] aga9 p h ask$ me to give !m a *ance1 expla9+ t1 ?\gh !y 7 q inexp]i5c$1 !y felt !y _h x 9 !m to write4 ,nev]!less1 despite ?is prevail+ idea t we all possess heav5-s5t g5ius1 :i* is ready to spr\t & blossom /raight away ) no prep>atory "w--an idea :i* ga9s add$ weight f ! fact t !re are no great s*ools = ! /ud5t :o desires to ent] ! lit]>y pr(ession1 z !re are = /ud5ts ( art & music--"s tra9+ is imp]ative2 & if ! w\ld-be writ] is to g f>1 ! tra9+ mu/ be rigor\s & v compreh5sive4 ,b unlike mo/ o!r bus9esses & pr(essions1 ! novice mu/ tra9 himself2 he c look = v little help f o!rs4 ,! art /ud5t ga9s in=mation & exp]i5ce by work+ ) o!rs 9 a /udio2 x gives him "s common gr\nd = comp>isons2 :]e all are sket*+ f ! same model1 he is able to see "w t is bett]1 & "w t is worse1 ?an 8 own2 & probably he is able to grasp :]e9 ! diff]5ce lies4 ,! music /ud5t :o is "o ( sev]al to rema9 9 ! room :ile ea* 9 turn has a pian(orte lesson1 he>s ! rem>ks ( ! pr(essor 7possibly a prom95t man 9 8 own pr(ession7 on ea* p]=mance1 & c le>n a l>ge am\nt f ! criticisms & corrections be/[$ on ! o!rs1 q ap>t f ^? apply+ to h] own play+4 ,b = ! w\ld-be au?or !re is no college :]e ! lead+ lit]>y lights li/5 pati5tly1 = an h\r or two at a /ret*1 :ile ! /ud5ts read _! /ories & poems & articles al\d = criticism & correction4 ,"h & !re ard5t amateurs =m !mselves into small lit]>y cot]ies = ?is purpose2 b (t5 ^! ei!r develop into mutual admiration societies1 or fizzle out = lack ( a guid+ =ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,lit]ature is ! mo/ ,elusive ,bus9ess 9 ! ,_w ,! difficulty ) lit]ature is ?is3 ,x is ! mo/ elusive bus9ess 9 ! _w4 ,no "o c say precisely :at con/itutes good lit]ature1 because1 no matt] h[ y may classify & tabulate its *>act]i/ics1 "s new g5ius is sure to break out 9 a fre% place2 & no "o c lay d[n a def9ite c\rse ( tra9+ t c be reli$ on to meet ev5 ! av]age requirem5ts ( ! av]age case4 ,y c set ! in/rum5tali/ to "w at scales & /udies = te*nique2 ! dressmak] c practise /it*]y & ! application ( sci5tific measurem5t2 ! art /ud5t c /udy ! laws gov]n+ p]spective1 balance ( design1 ! juxtaposition ( col\r1 & a doz5 o!r topics relative to 8 art4 ,& m ?an ?is1 9 mo/ bus9esses 7& ,i include ! pr(essions7 y c demon/rate to ! /ud5ts1 9 a fairly conv9c+ mann]1 :5 _! "w is wrong4 ,y c %[ ! girl :o is le>n+ dressmak+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 l>ge unev5 /it*es & small regul> ones2 ! undesirability ( hav+ a skirt two in*es long] at "o side ?an x is at ! o!r4 ,y c indicate to ! art /ud5t :5 8 subject is out ( draw+1 or sugge/ a pref]able *oice ( col\rs4 ,& ?\gh ^! po9ts may only t\* ! me*anical surface ( ?+s1 !y help ! /ud5t along ! "r road1 & are invaluable aids to him 9 8 /udies4 ,true1 su* advice _c make good a lack ( real g5ius1 yet x may help to develop ne>ly-g5ius1 & t is n to be despis$4 ,b ) lit]ature1 !re is s little t is tangible1 & s mu* t is intangible4 ,beyond ! b>e laws t gov]n ! con/ruction ( ! language1 only a fraction ( ! k t is necess>y c be /at$ 9 concrete t]ms = ! guidance ( ! /ud5t4 ,& because x is difficult to r$uce ! art ( writ+ to any set ( rules1 ! amateur (t5 reg>ds x z ! "o vocation t is entirely devoid ( any con/ructive pr9ciples2 ! "o vocation :]e9 ea* c d exactly z he pleases1 & be a law unto himself1 no "o be+ 9 a bett] position ?an himself to say :at is great & :at is feeble1 s9ce no "o else c quote *apt] & v]se z au?ority = mak+ a pron\ncem5t on ! m]its--& m p>ticul>ly ! dem]its--( 8 "w4 ,& yet1 ne>ly all ! ,engli%-speak+ race want to write4 ,! crav+ = self-expression is "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ?is c5tury2 & :at bett] m$ium is !re = ?is ?an writ+8 ,h5ce ! lure ( ! p54 ,x is p>tly because s _m beg9n]s d n "k :]e to turn = criticism1 or an opportunity to measure _! "w ) t ( o!rs1 t "s s5d _! e>ly1 crude ef=ts to editors1 hop+ to get1 at lea/1 "s op9ion or ^w ( guidance1 ev5 ?\gh ! ,,ms4 be decl9$4 ,yet ?is is :at an editor _c und]take to d4 ,?9k :at an am\nt ( "w w\ld be involv$ if ,i 7 to set d[n my reasons = decl9+ ea* ( ^? eight ?\s& & m ,,mss4 t ,i turn d[n annually6 ,x c\ld n be done1 9 addition to all ! o!r claims on "o's (fice "t4 ,sid5ote3 ,:y ! ,,mss4 are ,reject$ ,b ?\gh life w\ld be too %ort = any editor to write ev5 a brief criticism on ea* ,,ms4 reject$1 c]ta9 defects repeat !mselves s (t5 t x is q possible to specify "s out/&+ faults--or r1 qualities :i* are lack+--t lead to ! d[nfall ( "o ,,ms4 aft] ano!r1 ) ! automatic p]si/5cy ( recurr+ decimals4 ,speak+ broadly1 ,i g5]ally f9d t ! ,,ms4 :i* is reject$ because x has no m>ketable value betrays "o or m ( ! foll[+ defici5cies 9 its au?or3-- ,lack ( any prelim9>y tra9+4 specialis$ k ( ! subject dealt )4 mod]nity ( ?\ght & diction4 ! p[] to r$uce ?\ght to language4 cohesion & logical sequ5ce ( ideas4 ability to get ! read]'s view-po9t4 new & orig9al ideas & !mes4 ! in/9ct = selection4 a s5se ( proportion4 ,! majority ( su* defects c be rem$i$ ) /udy & practice2 & ev5 ?\gh ! f9al result may n be a "w ( g5ius1 x w be some?+ mu* m likely to be m>ketable ?an ! ,,ms4 t has nei!r k nor tra9+ beh9d x4 ,?ree ,ess5tials 9 ,tra9+ ,h[ am ,i to set ab\t tra9+ = lit]>y "w8 is a "q t is put to me mo/ days 9 ! ye>4 ,tra9+ comes "u ?ree head+s3 ,obs]vation1 ,read+1 & ,writ+4 ,! majority ( beg9n]s make ! mi/ake ( putt+ writ+ fir/2 b be=e y c commit any?+ to pap]1 y mu/ h some?+ 9 y\r head to write d[n4 ,if y h b little 9 y\r bra91 y\r writ+ w be wor?less4 ,sid5ote3 ,we get out ( ,life :at we put into x ,j z a plant requires special f]tilis]s if x is to develop f9e blossoms & l>ge fruit1 s ! m9d requires food ( exceptional n\ri%m5t if x is to produce some?+ out ( ! ord9>y1 some?+ wor? read+4 ,x is "o ( ! great laws ( ,nature t1 z a g5]al rule1 we get out ( life ab\t :at we put into x4 ,if a f>m] wants bump] crops1 he mu/ apply manure lib]ally to 8 l&2 if a man wants big returns f 8 bus9ess1 he mu/ devote mu* "t & ?\ght & en]gy to x4 ,& 9 ! same way1 if y want good /uff to come out ( y\r head1 y mu/ fir/ ( all put pl5ty ( good /uff 94 ,b--& ?is is v important--x is n suppos$ to come out aga9 9 ! same =m t x w5t 96 ,?is po9t beg9n]s (t5 =get4 ,:5 sweet peas are f$ ) sulphate ( ammonia1 !y don't promptly produce m sulphate ( ammonia2 !y utilise ! *emical food to promote mu* f9] & altoge!r bett] fl[]s4 ,! same pr9ciple gov]ns ! application ( suitable n\ri%m5t to all =ms ( life--! recipi5t reta9s its own p]sonal *>act]i/ics1 b transmutes ! food into ! p[] to int5sify1 enl>ge1 & develop ^? p]sonal *>act]i/ics4 ,9 l mann]1 ! food y give y\r m9d mu/ be us$ to int5sify & enl>ge & develop y\r individuality2 & :at y write mu/ reflect y\r individuality 7n to be confus$ ) egoism72 x %\ld n be m]ely a p>aphrase ( y\r read+4 ,all ?is is to expla9 :y ,i put obs]vation & read+ be=e writ+4 ,!y are ! pr9cipal *annels ?r\gh :i* ! m9d is f$4 ,&1 9 ! ma91 ! value ( y\r e>ly lit]>y "w w be 9 direct ratio to ! ke5ness & accuracy ( y\r obs]vation1 & ! wisdom %[n 9 y\r *oice ( read+4 ,y ?9k ?is s\nds l r$uc+ writ+ to a purely me*anical process1 9 :i* g5ius does n c\nt8 ,n at all4 ,x is m]ely t ! initial /ages ( tra9+ = any "w involve a c]ta9 am\nt ( r\t9e & repetition1 until we h acquir$ facility 9 express+ our ideas4 ,9 any case1 v few ( u are suff]+ f real g5ius4 ,ability1 tal5t1 clev]ness1 are fairly common2 b g5ius is r>e4 ,if y possess g5ius1 y w discov] x q soon1 &1 :at is m important1 o!r p w likewise discov] x4 ,z "s "o has said1 ,g5ius1 l murd]1 w out6 ,y c't hide x4 ,mean:ile1 x w save "t & argum5t to pret5d t y are j an ord9>y be+ l ! re/ ( u1 ) ev]y?+ to le>n2 y w progress m rapidly on ^! l9es ?an if y sp5d "t contemplat+1 & admir+1 :at y ?9k is a ,heav5-s5t end[m5t t requires no %ap+4 ,,"p ,,two ,,on ,,keep+ ,,y\r ,,eyes ,,op5 ,"o ( ! drawbacks ( an ,advanc$ ,civilisation is ! fact t x t5ds to less5 ! p[] ( ,obs]vation4 ,a ,c\rse 9 ,obs]vation ,beg9 y\r obs]vation c\rse by not+ any?+ & ev]y?+ likely to h a be>+ on ! subject ( y\r writ+1 & jot d[n y\r obs]vations 9 ! briefe/ ( notes4 ,no matt] if x seem a trifl+ ?+1 9 ! e>ly "p ( y\r tra9+ x w be well wor? y\r :ile to record ev5 ! trifles1 s9ce ?is all helps to develop & focus ! faculty = obs]vation4 ,"o ( ! drawbacks ( an advanc$ civilisation is ! fact t x t5ds to less5 ! p[] ( obs]vation4 ,! av]age p]son 9 ?is tw5tie? c5tury sees next to no?+ ( ! detail ( life4 ,we h no long] ! ne$ to cultivate obs]vation = self-protection & food-f9d+ z 9 primitive times4 ,ev]y?+ is done = u by press+ a button or putt+ a p5ny 9 ! slot1 till x is fa/ becom+ too mu* ( an ef=t = u ev5 to look 7or x 01 be=e ! ,w>72 & ! ability to look--& to see :5 we look--is1 consequ5tly1 disappe>+ ?r\gh disuse4 ,y w be surpris$ h[ mu* !re is 9 ?is practice ( obs]vation1 once y get />t$4 ,sid5ote3 ,/udy ,human ,*>act]i/ics ,= example3 ,if y int5d to write a /ory1 y w ne$ to /udy ! v>i\s types ( p figur+ !re92 ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics1 ! me?od ( speak+1 & ! m5tal attitude ( ea*4 ,! amateur inv>iably /ates ! col\r ( a girl's eyes & hair1 & ! t9t ( h] complexion1 ) "s s5t5ces ab\t h] social /&+ & h] clo!s1 & !n consid]s h] fully equipp$ = h] "p 9 ! piece4 ,:]eas1 9 reality1 ^! items are ( no importance s f> z a /ory goes4 ,we really d n m9d :e!r ,d9ah1 9 ,adam ,b$e1 _h violet eyes or grey-gre52 x is ! s\l ( ! woman t c\nts4 ,nei!r d we tr\ble :e!r ,portia wore a well-tailor$ coat & skirt1 or a simple musl9 frock lavi%ly trimm$ ) ,val5ci5nes2 x is h] ready wit1 h] res\rcefulness1 & h] deep-ly+ affection t int]e/ u4 ,next 9 importance to ! human be+s are ! circum/ances involv$4 ,does y\r h]o9e decide to leave h] millionaire-fa!r's palatial home & hide h] id5tity 9 slum-"w & a room 9 a t5em5t8 ,y w h to d a fair am\nt ( fir/-h& obs]vation to get ! details & g5]al atmosph]e app]ta9+ to a millionaire's resid5ce & mode ( liv+1 & contra/ ^! ) ! conditions t repres5t life 9 ! squalid qu>t]s ( a city4 ,sid5ote3 ,environm5t & ,circum/ances (f] ,wide ,scope ,p]haps y w tell me t x is impossible = y to make ^! obs]vations1 z y d n "k y\r way ab\t any real slum1 or y are n on visit+ t]ms ) & any millionaire4 ,t raises ano!r important "q t ,i hope to deal ) lat]1 :5 we come to ! subject ( /ory-writ+4 ,"h ,i c only say1 ,don't attempt to write ^u topics y are unable to /udy at ne> range4 ,aft] all1 !re are unlimit$ subjects t are close to ev]ybody's h&4 ,y may be includ+ a dog 9 y\r /ory4 ,is he to be a real dog1 or t de>1 fai?ful old creature1 :o has be5 lead+ an active life 79 fiction7 = a c5tury or m1 rescu+ ! heir :5 he tumbles 9 a pond2 appris+ ! sleep+ family up/airs ( ! fact t ! clo!s-horse by ! kit*5 fire has caught alight2 track+ ! burgl> to 8 lair2 re-unit+ fall5-out lov]s by sitt+ up besee*+ly on 8 h9d legs1 & 9 a hundr$ o!r ways mak+ himself g5]ally useful8 ,i am fond ( dogs1 & ,i nev] grudge !m lit]>y hon\rs2 b ,i sometimes wi% we c\ld get a *ange ( descriptive matt] :]e !y are conc]n$4 ,:at are y propos+ to say ab\t ! dog8 ,he ran joyfully to meet 8 ma/]1 wagg+ 8 tail ! :ile8 ,some?+ l t8 ,i %\ldn't wond]4 ,t is ! beg9n+ & ! end ( s _m amateur descriptions ( a dog2 &1 judg+ by ! numb] ( times ,i h read ^! words1 8 poor tail mu/ be ne>ly wagg$ (f by n[4 ,in/ead ( be+ cont5t ) ?is1 />t mak+ c>eful obs]vations1 & y w soon h some?+ else to write ab\t4 ,notice h[ a dog talks--) 8 e>s2 he c tell y almo/ any?+1 once y le>n to read 8 e>s4 ,& :5 y h not$ all ! po9ts y c 9 ?is direction1 & ma/]$ ?is "p ( 8 language1 see :at y c le>n f 8 walk2 y c e/imate a dog's temp] & feel+s1 8 sorr[1 8 joy1 & ! /ate ( 8 heal?1 by notic+ ! v>iations 9 8 walk4 ,:y1 any "o dog c provide y ) a book full ( obs]vations4 ,y may say1 h[ev]1 t z y\r /ory is to be a %ort "o1 y c\ld nev] use up a book full ( obs]vations if y _h !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,y ne$ a ,score ( ,facts 9 y\r ,head = ea* "o y put on ,pap] ,v likely2 b always rememb] t y ne$ to h a score ( facts 9 y\r head = e "o y put d[n on pap]4 ,y mu/ be ?or\ghly saturat$ ) a subject be=e y c write ev5 a brief description 9 a tell+ & conv9c+ mann]4 ,!re=e1 nev] be afraid ( mak+ too _m notes 9 y\r obs]vation-book4 ,_m ( ^! entries y w nev] ref] to aga92 ! v act ( writ+ !m d[n w s impress !m on y\r memory t !y become a matt]-(-c\rse to y4 ,?is 9 itself is valuable tra9+2 x is "o ( ! processes by :i* a p]son may become well-in=m$--an ess5tial qualification = a good writ]4 ,:ile ov]-elaboration ( detail 9 y\r writ+ is seldom desirable1 ap>t f a text-book or a treatise1 k ( detail is imp]ative if t writ+ is to conjure up situations 9 ! read]'s m9d & make !m seem vividly real4 ,9 describ+ sc5]y1 = in/ance1 y d n ne$ to give ! "n ( e bit ( vegetation 9 sight1 till y\r ,,ms4 looks l a botanical diction>y2 b x is useful to "k ^? names1 y may require "s ( !m2 & until y\r "w is actually %ap+1 y _c tell exactly :at y w use & :at omit4 ,sid5ote3 ,ke5 ,obs]vation w save y f ,pitfalls ,! habit ( ke5 obs]vation w save y f a legion ( pitfalls4 ,! m y tra9 y\r eyes to see1 & y\r m9d to reta9 :at y h se51 ! less *ance !re is ( y\r putt+ d[n inaccuracies4 ,i h be5 read+ a ,,ms4 :]e9 ! h]o9e--a beautiful girl ) a face l a haunt+ memory 7:atev] t may look l7--sp5t a :ole aft]noon ly+ full-l5g? on ! grass1 ! fir/ sunny day 9 ,febru>y1 revell+ 9 ! sc5t ( violets ne> by1 & wat*+ ! swall[s skimm+ above h]4 ,if ! writ] _h no opportunity to obs]ve ! com+s & go+s ( swall[s1 %e might at lea/ h turn$ up an encyclopa$ia1 :5 %e w\ld h f\nd t swall[s d n arrive 9 ,engl& till well on into ,april4 ,!n1 aft] #bdi m pages1 ! beautiful girl f9ally di$ ( a brok5 he>t--obvi\sly absurd6 ,9 real life %e w\ld h di$ on ! v next page ( rheumatic fev] & d\ble pneumonia1 aft] ly+ on ! wet grass all t "t6 ,frequ5tly1 :5 ,i po9t out simil> errors to ! novice1 ,i get "s su* reply z ?is1 ,( c\rse1 t ref]5ce to swall[s 0 only a slip ( ! p52 or1 ,aft] all1 x is m]ely a m9or po9t :e!r %e lay on ! grass or walk$ along ! road2 x doesn't really affect ! /ory z a :ole4 ,true1 su* discrepancies may be only m9or details2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 !y may n4 ,i h notic$1 h[ev]1 t ! writ] :o is inaccurate on small po9ts is equally liable to inaccuracy :]e ! ma9 features ( ! /ory are conc]n$2 & ! writ] :o does n "k en\gh ab\t 8 subject to get 8 details "r seldom kn[s en\gh ab\t x to get any ( x "r4 ,! ,assessm5t ( ,spiritual ,values ,!re is "o aspect ( life t c only be le>nt by obs]vation2 a phase ( y\r tra9+ :]e books & lectures c be ( b little assi/ance to y4 ,important z x is t y %\ld note ! mat]ial ?+s relat+ to y\r subject1 x is /ill m important t y %\ld tra9 y\rself to note ! psy*ological be>+s & ! spiritual values ( life1 s9ce ^! are (t5 ( f> m vital consequ5ce to a /ory ?an ! plot4 ,by spiritual values ,i d n necess>ily mean any?+ ( a directly religi\s quality4 ,i use ! t]m to signify ! revelation ( m9d & he>t & s\l ( ! v>i\s *>act]s t a writ] pres5ts1 z di/9ct f a catalogue ( ext]nals2 ! read+ ( motives1 & ! recognition ( ! =ces t are )9 u1 z di/+ui%$ f ! *ronicl+ ( sup]ficial items4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,unse5 t ,c\nts ,s (t5 9 ! _w ( m5 & wom5 ar\nd u x is ! unse5 t c\nts4 ,j bel[ ! surface life is teem+ ) motives & aims & ideals & p]sonality2 ) problems t involve mix$ feel+s1 & produce p>adox & misjudgm5t1 & app>5tly irreconcilable qualities4 ,^! may %[ sc>cely a ripple on ! outside1 & yet be ! real factors t are %ap+ lives1 & influ5c+ ! _w = bett] or = worse1 &1 incid5tally1 affect+ ! :ole tr5d ( a /ory4 ,to gauge ^! ab/ract qualities & _! consequ5ces accurately is ! bigge/ task ( ! writ]2 & accord+ to ! am\nt ( su* insight t he br+s to be> on 8 subject1 w be ! durability ( 8 "w1 s9ce ?is alone is ! "p t lives4 ,fa%ions & furniture1 sc5]y & ar*itecture1 maps & dyna/ies1 laws & cu/oms1 ev5 language & ! mean+ ( words1 all *ange2 & ! old] gr[s ! _w1 ! m rapid are ! *anges4 ,! only ?+s t rema9 unalt]$ are ! laws ( ,nature & ! long+s ( ! s\l4 ,h5ce ! only writ+s t la/ beyond ! *ang+ fa%ions ( ! mom5t are ^? t c5tralise on ^! fundam5tal ?+s1 giv+ second>y place to ephem]al details4 ,if y want y\r "w to live1 x is useless to make ! ma9 int]e/ c5tre 9 some?+ t w be out-(-date & pass$ beyond human memory )9 a v little :ile4 ,?is insight z to ! subtleties ( life is ! quality t gives vitality to y\r writ+4 ,)\t x y\r *>act]s w be no m alive ?an a wax figure 9 a drap]'s w9d[1 no matt] h[ h&somely y may clo! !m 9 descriptive matt]4 ,h y ev] read a /ory :]e9 ! h]o9e seem$ ab\t z real & alive z a saw-du/-/uff$ doll1 & ! h]o _h z mu* g 9 him z a wood5 horse8 ,i h1 alas6 ?\s&s ( !m6 ,& ! reason = ! lifelessness 0 ! lack 9 ! au?or ( all s5se ( spiritual values4 ,a k ( ! inn] work+s ( ! m9d & he>t & s\l c only be acquir$ by close & con/ant obs]vation4 ,y may rememb] 9 ,julius ,caes>1 :]e ,caes> tells ,antonio t if he 7 liable to fe>1 ! man he %\ld avoid w\ld be ,cassius2 he describes him ?us3 ,he is a great obs]v]1 & he looks q ?r\gh ! de$s ( m54 ,x is j ?is p[] t ! writ] ne$s--! ability to look pa/ ! actions !mselves to ! motives t prompt$ !m4 ,x is s easy to record ! obvi\s4 ,:at we ne$ to look = is ! tru? t is n obvi\s4 ,= in/ance1 at fir/ sight x may seem q easy = u to decide :y a p]son did a c]ta9 ?+4 ,a woman makes an irritable rem>k4 ,:y did %e make t irritable rem>k8 ,bad temp]6 we promptly reply4 ,b p]haps x wasn't bad temp]2 x may h be5 due to ill-heal?--a bad too? c g5]ate z mu* irritability 9 half an h\r z ! worse temp] go+4 ,or x may h be5 caus$ by insomnia2 or by n]ves /ra9$ to ! break+-po9t ) tr\ble & anxiety4 ,or ! speak] may h be5 vex$ ) h]self = "s action ( h] own1 & h] vexation f\nd v5t 9 ?is way4 ,if y 7 writ+ a /ory1 ! cause ( h] irritability might be an important l9k 9 ! *a9 ( ev5ts4 ,& 9 scores ( o!r directions1 ! cause ( an action might be inf9itely m important 9 ! work+ out ( y\r plot ?an ! action itself4 ,moreov]1 if y want y\r "w to appeal to a wide & v>i$ audi5ce1 y mu/ take z y\r ma9 !me some?+ t is und]/ood by all conditions ( p2 some?+ t makes a univ]sal appeal4 ,t is :y ! greate/ writ]s make ! human he>t ! pivot ( _! /ories1 z a rule4 ,read]s are prim>ily int]e/$ 9 ! do+s (1 & ! happ5+s to1 c]ta9 p2 & v p>ticul>ly ! motives t l$ up to ! do+s & happ5+s1 & ! reasons :y c]ta9 ?+s 7 said & done1 & ! psy*ological results ( ! say+s & do+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,ma9 ,!me %\ld make a ,univ]sal ,appeal ,9 ! ma91 x is n ( p>am\nt importance to y1 :5 y are engross$ 9 a /ory1 :e!r ! sc5e is laid 9 ,japan among decay+ ,buddhi/ temples1 or 9 a ,devon%ire village4 ,x is ! p]sonality ( ! *>act]s1 _! sorr[s & joys1 _! /ruggles & love affairs1 & ! solution ( _! human problems t make ! *ief claim on y\r int]e/4 ,c]ta9ly1 ! sc5]y & local col\r & inanimate surr\nd+s may influ5ce y fav\rably or o!rwise--backgr\nds & ! g5]al sett+ ( a /ory are valuable1 m valuable ?an ! amateur realises2 nev]!less1 !y are n ! ma9 features1 & %\ld nev] be made ! ma9 features 9 fiction4 ,once y grasp ! importance ( ! spiritual values1 9 life itself no less ?an 9 writ+1 y w und]/& :y x is t "s books survive c5turies ( *ange & social upheaval1 & appeal to all sorts & conditions ( temp]am5ts4 ,:5 we /udy ,%akespe>e at s*ool1 we inv>iably wond] 9 our secret he>t 7ev5 ?\gh we d>5't voice su* h]esy67 :at on e>? p c see 9 him4 ,to our immature intellig5ce he c be dulness itself1 :ile 8 /yle seems long-w9d$1 & _m ( 8 plots appe> mo/ feeble affairs beside our fav\rite books ( adv5ture4 ,we are n suffici5tly develop$ & exp]i5c$ 9 our s*ool days to be able to und]/& & appreciate 8 greatness1 :i* lies 9 8 amaz+ k ( ! human he>t & 8 grasp ( spiritual values4 ,sid5ote3 ,life is ev] (f]+ ,new ,discov]ies ,"o ( ! fasc9at+ ?+s ab\t life is ! way x is = ev] (f]+ u new discov]ies4 ,we nev] ne$ get to ! end ( any?+4 ,!re are always heights beyond heights1 dep?s bel[ dep?s1 fur!r recesses to p5etrate1 fre% ?+s to f9d out4 ,& n[h]e is ?is m cle>ly demon/rat$ ?an :5 we come to ! /udy ( human nature itself4 ,! writ] :o /rives to depict m5 & wom5 z !y really are is always com+ on new surprises2 he nev] arrives at ! end ( 8 obs]vations4 ,& he soon realises h[ inf9itely m important are ! subtle work+s ( ! he>t & m9d ?an all ! mat]ial ?+s t cr[d ! outside surface ( life4 ,sid5ote3 ,to write conv9c+ly "o ne$s ,sympa?y ,to be able to write conv9c+ly ab\t p1 we mu/ "k !m2 to "k !m we mu/ live among !m1 & sympa?ise ) !m--= !re is no o!r way to "k & und]/& ! human he>t4 ,x is v easy to ridicule p's weakness1 & make *eap s>casm ov] _! fail+s2 b x is useless to make y\r obs]vations ) a cynic's smile4 ,! cynic really gets n[h]e2 he m]ely robs life ( mu* ( its beauty1 giv+ no?+ 9 its place4 ,to write ab\t p s t we grip ! he>ts ( all :o read1 x is necess>y to look beyond ! sup]ficial weaknesses1 & bel[ ! tempor>y fail+s1 to t "p ( humanity t /ill be>s ! image ( ! ,div9e ,creator4 ,& y ne$ sympa?y to accompli% ?is4 ,w\ld-be au?ors (t5 tell me t !y are sick ( _! ev]yday r\t9e--(fice "w1 tea*+1 nurs+1 home duties1 or :atev] x may be--& long to ?r[ x all up s t !y may devote all _! "t to writ+4 ,sid5ote3 ,to "k ,p1 we mu/ ,live & ,"w among !m ,b y _c devote all ( y\r "t to writ+6 ,! beg9n] nev] und]/&s ?is4 ,a great deal ( an au?or's "t is tak5 up ) ! /udy ( p1 & a g5]al que/ = mat]ial = 8 books4 ,:ile y are 9 ! e>ly /ages ( y\r writ+1 x is absolutely necess>y = y t y %\ld be do+ "s sort ( o!r "w 9 company ) y\r fell[-creatures1 & exp]i5c+ ! ord9>y r\t9e ( life1 else h[ c y possibly get y\r writ+ prop]ly balanc$ & true to life8 ,if y try to isolate y\rself f ! ev]yday happ5+s ( normal exi/5ce1 avoid+ ! tiresome duties & ! irksome r\t9e1 m]ely keep+ y\r eyes on y\r ,,ms41 or on y\rself1 or on only ! ?+s t appeal to y1 h[ c y ev] expect y\r "w to be 9 "r p]spective8 ,"u su* conditions :at y write w\ld be b\nd to give an incomplete1 incorrect view ( life1 "o-sid$1 & out ( all prop] proportion1 &--! result c\ld be no?+ b a dire failure4 ,/ay :]e y are1 & make y\r corn] ( ! univ]se y\r special /udy4 ,sid5ote3 ,h[ mu* d y ,"k ( ^? :o are ,ne>e/ to ,y8 ,p]haps y ?9k y "k ev]y?+ t is to be kn[n ab\t p ar\nd y4 ,b d y1 ,i wond]8 ,d !y "k ev]y?+ ab\t y--y\r ideals & inn] /ruggles1 & aims & aspirations8 ,i d\bt x4 ,exp]i5ce %[s t v (t5 ! p we "k lea/ ( all are ^? ) :om we come into daily contact4 ,we take !m = grant$4 ,we d n ev5 tr\ble to try to und]/& !m4 ,t !y %\ld h d\bts & difficulties1 he>t-a*es & hopes & high aspirations1 ev5 z we h1 sometimes comes z a surprise to u4 ,beg9 y\r obs]vations j :]e y are n[4 ,see if y c f9d ! gl9t ( gold t is always some:]e bel[ ! surface 9 e human be+1 if we c b /rike ! "r place4 ,try to sort out ! reasons & ! motives t are ?ick 9 ! air ar\nd y4 ,see if y c disc]n ano!r side to a p]son's "* ?an ! "o y h always accept$ z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,& write d[n y\r discov]ies & y\r obs]vations4 ,y w ne$ !m lat] on4 ,"h1 !n1 is ! fir/ /ep 9 tra9+ y\rself = au?or%ip4 ,x is only "o /ep1 ,i admit2 b y w f9d x c be made to cov] a good deal ( gr\nd4 ,,"p ,,?ree ,,! ,,help ,,t ,,books ,,c ,,give ,/eady1 quiet1 consecutive read+ is necess>y if we are to d /eady quiet1 consecutive ?9k+2 &1 )\t su* ?9k+1 x is impossible = writ]s to produce any?+ wor? :ile4 ,! ,bane ( ,br[s+ ,:ile a wide range ( read+1 & a g5]al all-r\nd k ( /&>d lit]ature are ess5tial1 if y hope to become a writ]1 !re are ?ree directions 9 :i* y c specialise ) great advantage--read+ = def9ite data1 read+ = /yle1 & read+ = ! /udy ( te*nique1 i4e4 to f9d out h[ ! au?or does x4 ,) su* matt]s z read+ = recreation we h no?+ to d "h4 ,tra9+ = au?or%ip means "w1 regul> "w1 /iff m5tal "w4 ,"s amateurs seem to ?9k t a c\rse ( desultory dipp+ into books is a gu>antee ( lit]>y effici5cy1 or an indication ( lit]>y ability4 ,i am nev] s happy z :5 ,i am curl$ up 9 an arm*air surr\nd$ by books2 or ,i d s love to br[se among books1 girls w tell me1 :5 !y are ask+ if ,i c f9d !m a po/ 9 my (fice1 or on ! /aff ( "o ( my magaz9es4 ,x is s difficult = ! un9itiat$ to und]/& t ! bus9ess ( writ+ & mak+ books is "o t entails z mu* close1 monoton\s "w z any o!r bus9ess2 & ! m]e fact t any "o sp5ds a c]ta9 am\nt ( "t 9 read+ a bit "h & a bit !re1 pick+ up a book = a half-h\r's ent]ta9m5t & ?r[+ x d[n ! m9ute x ceases to /imulate ! curiosity1 is no m prep>ation = lit]>y "w ?an an occasional t9kl+ at a piano1 try+ a few b>s "h & !re ( *ance compositions1 w\ld be any prep>ation = giv+ a pian(orte recital or compos+ a sonata4 ,sid5ote3 ,nature's ,rev5ge = ! ,misuse ( ! ,bra9 ,i h no?+ to say aga9/ dipp+ into books z a recreation--refre%+ "o's memory among old fri5ds1 or look+ = happy discov]ies 9 new-com]s--,i h pass$ ho/s ( pleasant half-h\rs 9 ?is way myself :5 my bra9 0 too tir$ to "w1 & ,i want$ relaxation4 ,b su* read+ is n "w2 nei!r is x tra9+ 9 any sort ( s5se--x is m]ely a pa/ime2 &1 z su*1 mu/ only be tak5 9 mod]ation4 ,x %\ld be ! exception1 n a habit4 ,if y all[ y\rself to get into ?is way ( haphaz>d read+1 9 "t y lose ! ability to d any consecutive read+1 &1 z a natural consequ5ce1 x w\ld be utt]ly impossible = y to d any consecutive ?9k+1--an ess5tial = connect$ writ+4 ,! reason = ?is is q cle>1 if y ?9k x ov]4 ,:5 y p]si/5tly skim a legion ( books1 or dip into !m casually1 & live m5tally on a diet ( snippets--a =m ( read+ t has be5 ! vogue ( late ye>s--y are giv+ y\rself m5tal indige/ion t is wond]fully ak9 to ! indige/ion t w\ld foll[ a food diet on simil> l9es4 ,if y\r meals always consi/$ ( snacks tak5 at all sorts ( odd times--fri$ fi% foll[$ by ri* *ocolates1 ) a nibble at a m9ce t>t1 a few spoonfuls ( pres]v$ g+]1 a trifle ( roa/ duck1 "s mac>oni *eese1 a little salmon & cucumb]1 "s gr\se1 oy/] patties1 & ice-cream on top ( t--y\r /oma* w\ldn't "k :at to d ) x all1 &---- ,i ne$ say no m ab\t x6 ,9 ! same way1 :5 y read fir/ "o ?+ & !n ano!r1 pil+ poems on love sc5es1 !n add+ a motley1 disconnect$ selection ( scraps ( in=mation 7( d\btful use 9 mo/ cases7 ) s5sational episodes & pessimi/ic outp\r+s1 irrespective ( any sort ( sequ5ce or logical connection1 y\r m9d doesn't "k :at to d ) ! conglom]ation2 = no soon] has y\r ?9k+ ma*9e set "o s]ies ( ?\ghts 9 motion1 ?an x has to swit* (f t curr5t & />t on some?+ else4 ,ev5tually ! bra9 gives up ! /ruggle2 ! ?\ghts cease to "w2 y lose ! p[] to rememb]--mu* less to assimilate--:at y read4 ,9 ! end1 y c't read6 ,nature is b\nd to take ?is c\rse 9 %e] self-def5ce2 ! only alt]native w\ld be lunacy6 ,sid5ote3 ,:y s _m want ,books t ,%riek ,y c see all ?is exemplifi$1 pitifully1 9 ! pres5t day4 ,) ! great ru% ( *eap books 7& /ill *eap] education7 t flood$ ! c\ntry at ! beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury1 ! masses simply gorg$ !mselves ) indiscrim9ate read+-matt]--( a sort1 7& s did _m :o ought to h kn[n bett]74 ,gradually !y lo/ ! ta/e = /raight-=w>d simple /ories ( human life z x really is2 ?+s _h to be blood-curdl+ & highly s5sational4 ,! type ( read+-matt] t _h =m]ly be5 associat$ solely ) ! dime novel & deprav$ y\?s ( ! crim9al class1 f\nd its way into all sorts & conditions ( b9d+s1 & all sorts & conditions ( homes4 ,p's m9ds 7 gett+ s blunt$ t !y simply c\ld n foll[ any?+ unless x 0 punctuat$ ) lurid lights2 !y c\ld n grasp any?+ unless x 0 crude & biz>re & mon/r\s2 !y c\ld n he> any?+ ( ! ,/ill ,small ,voice t is ! ess5ce ( all beauty 9 lit]ature1 art or nature4 ,ev]y?+ _h to be 9 %\ts & %rieks to arre/ _! att5tion4 ,f9ally1 ! masses lo/ ! p[] to read at all1 & we are n[ liv+ 9 an age :5 ev]y?+ mu/ be pres5t$ 9 ! mo/ obvi\s m$ium--pictures4 ,few p c conc5trate on read+ ev5 ! day's news--x has to be giv5 9 pictures4 ,! picture-palace & ! music-hall revue 7:i* is ano!r =m ( spectacul> ent]ta9m5t7 /& = ! m5tal /imulus t is ! utmo/ a l>ge bulk ( ! population are equal to to-day4 ,we delude ourselves by say+ t we live 9 su* a busy age1 we h n "t to read4 ,b x is n our lack ( "t s mu* z our lack ( bra9 p[] t is ! tr\ble2 & t bra9 p[] has be5 dissipat$1 prim>ily1 by ov]-indulg5ce 9 desultory read+ t 0 valueless4 ,all ?is is to expla9 :y a c\rse ( indiscrim9ate br[s+ is no recomm5dation = ! "o :o wi%es to take up lit]>y "w4 ,/eady1 quiet1 consecutive read+ is necess>y if we are to d /eady1 quiet1 consecutive ?9k+2 &1 )\t su* ?9k+1 x is impossible to write any?+ wor? :iles4 ,let y\r read+ ext5d ov] a wide range1 c]ta9ly--! wid] ! bett]1 s long z y c cov] ! gr\nd ?or\ghly--= an au?or %\ld be well-read4 ,b take c>e t y d read2 don't mi/ake nibbl+ = read+4 ,f> bett] "k b "o poem ( ,br[n+ ?or\ghly & und]/&+ly1 ?an h on y\r %elves a complete set ( 8 works into :i* y dip at r&om1 :5 ! mood seizes y1 ) no cle> idea z to :at any ( x is ab\t4 ,read+ = ,def9ite ,data ,turn+ f read+ 9 g5]al to ! specialis$ read+ ,i h sugge/$--! fir/ head+ expla9s itself4 ,_m subjects t y write ^u w require a c]ta9 am\nt ( prelim9>y read+--"s a great deal--9 ord] t y may accumulate facts1 or get ! details ( climate & sc5]y correct1 or ! mode ( life preval5t at a specifi$ "t4 ,su* a book z ,mrs4 ,flor5ce ,b>clay's novel1 ,! ,:ite ,ladies ( ,worce/]--) ! sc5e laid 9 ! twelf? c5tury--mu/ h necessitat$ a great deal ( rese>* among ! hi/orical & *ur* records ( t era1 & ! read+ ( books be>+ on t p]iod1 9 ord] to get all ! details accurate1 & to conjure up z conv9c+ly z ! au?or has done1 an all-p]vad+ feel+ ( ! _s ( ^? times4 ,all /ories deal+ ) a bygone p]iod require mu* prelim9>y read+1 9 ord] t "o may become imbu$ ) ! _s ( t p>ticul> age1 z well z famili>is$ ) its mann]s & cu/oms & mode ( spee*4 ,mo/ amateurs seem to ?9k t a pl5tiful spr9kl+ ( expletives ab\t ! pages1 ) ! introduction ( a few hi/oric names & ev5ts1 are suffici5t to produce ! requir$ old-_w atmosph]e4 ,i c\ld n possibly c\nt ! numb] ( ,,mss4 ,i h read :]e ! rival suitor = ! h& ( ,mi/ress ,joan says ,gadsook 9 e o!r s5t5ce1 :ile ! e/imable "y man :o1 l h] fa!r1 is loyal to ! k+1 is hidd5 away 9 ! secret-panel room4 ,b tricks su* z ^! d n give ! /ory an au!ntic atmosph]e4 ,y c only get ?is by sy/ematic /udy ( ! lit]ature relat+ to ! p]iod4 ,& o!rs1 besides noveli/s1 f9d x advantage\s to /udy hi/orical records4 ,i rememb] :5 ,mr4 ,william ,canton 7! au?or ( ^? *>m+ /udies ( *ild life1 ,w4 ,v41 ,h] ,book1 & ,! ,invisible ,playmate7 0 engag$ on ! big hi/ory ( ! ,briti% & ,=eign ,bible ,society1 & 0 writ+ ! acc\nt ( ! ,society's ,bible "w 9 ,italy1 n only did he read all _! (ficial reports1 & ! correspond5ce be>+ on ! subject1 b1 9 ord] to get ! "w 9 its "r p]spective z reg>ds ! ev5ts ( ! times1 he re-read ,italian hi/ory = ! p]iod he 0 deal+ )4 ,?us he enabl$ himself to gauge mu* m compreh5sively ! significance ( ! ,bible ,society's "w 9 t c\ntry :5 view$ 9 relation to national happ5+s1 public ?\ght1 & ! attitude ( m9d ( ! ,italian p4 ,sid5ote3 ,prelim9>y ,read+ helps y to judge ! ,wor? ( y\r ,in=mation ,! writ] ( articles or books on g5]al subjects 7z di/9ct f fiction7 mu/ obvi\sly d a good deal ( rese>*4 ,& su* read+ = def9ite in=mation has "o value t is n always recognis$ by ! amateur--x may let him "k :e!r x is wor? :ile to write ! article at all6 ,suppose1 = example1 t y h decid$ to write an article on ,! ,evolution ( ! ,*imney-,pot4 ,x is a =egone conclusion t y ?9k y h a c]ta9 am\nt ( exclusive in=mation 9 y\r own head ab\t *imney-pots1 else !re w\ld be no call = y to write on ?is subject1 s9ce ! public does n want articles conta9+ no?+ m ?an :at has be5 publi%$ already4 ,y h collect$ "s facts & in=mation ab\t *imney-pots1 h[ev]1 t y ?9k are int]e/+ & q new4 ,s f>1 good4 ,nev]!less1 y w be wise to asc]ta9 :at has already be5 writt5 on ! subject2 x may ?r[ fre% light on y\r own glean+s4 ,fir/1 y w probably look up ! subject 9 a good encyclopa$ia--fail+ "o ( y\r own1 consult "o at a public libr>y4 ,if !re is any?+ at all "u ?is head+1 x is j possible !re may be cross-ref]5ces t w be useful1 & allusions to o!r works on ! subject1 :i* x w\ld be well = y to get hold ( if y c4 ,!n y w also rememb] t ,rusk9 has writt5 ,a ,*apt] on ,*imneys 9 8 ,poetry ( ,ar*itecture1 ) "s delightful illu/rations4 ,& 9 ! c\rse ( y\r explorations1 "s "o may be able to direct y to o!r works on ! subject1 "o book s (t5 leads on to ano!r4 ,9 ?is way y f9d y are absorb+ q a l>ge am\nt ( int]e/+ in=mation4 ,yet pres5tly y may make ! v important discov]y t :at y 7 int5d+ to say has already be5 said by o!rs1 & possibly said 9 a bett] & m au?oritative mann] ?an y c\ld pret5d to at pres5t6 ,on ! o!r h&1 y may /ill consid] t y h exclusive in=mation2 9 t case d y\r be/ ) x1 & y w f9d y\r read+ has giv5 y a quick5$ int]e/ & wid] grasp ( y\r subject4 ,b if1 9 absolute hone/y to y\rself1 y "k y h no?+ new to contribute to ! in=mation t has already be5 publi%$1 !n d n attempt to (f] y\r article = publication4 ,write x up1 by all means1 z a j\rnali/ic ex]cise = y\r own improvem5t2 x w be helpful if y try h[ f> y c seize1 & sum up concisely1 ! important po9ts t y came across 9 y\r v>i\s read+s on ! subject4 ,b don't attempt to pass (f writ+ ( ?is description z orig9al matt]4 ,su* me?ods nev] get y f>4 ,ev5 ?\gh ! ,editor may n h /udi$ *imney-pots 9 detail1 & does n recognise t y\r copy is practically a re*auffe ( o!r p's writ+s1 "s ( ! read]s w "k t x conta9s no?+ orig9al1 & w lose no "t 9 tell+ him s4 ,!re is "o *e]y ?+ ab\t ! public1 no matt] h[ busy x may be ) its own p]sonal affairs1 & preoccupi$ ) a w>1 or lab\r tr\bles1 a ,presid5tial election1 or little trifles l t1 x mo/ fai?fully keeps an ,editor in=m$ if any?+ pr9t$ 9 8 pages does n meet ) its entire approval6 ,& :5 an ,editor f9ds he has be5 tak5 9 ) /ale mat]ial1 he naturally m>ks t contributor = future remembrance4 ,x is well to be> 9 m9d t "o ( ! mo/ valuable assets 9 a writ]'s outfit is a reputation = absolute reliability4 ,sm>t practice1 trick]y1 clev] dodges1 may get a he>+ once1 ev5 twice--b !y h no future :atev]4 ,let x become a recognis$ ?+ t :atev] y (f] = publication is new matt] result+ f y\r own p]sonal k & inve/igation1 & matt] t is sure to int]e/ a section ( ! g5]al public2 t y h v]ifi$ e detail1 & h asc]ta9$1 to ! be/ ( y\r ability1 t ! subject has n be5 dealt ) 9 ?is p>ticul> way be=e2--!n y are sure ( a place some:]e 9 a mild atmosph]e1 if n actually 9 ! sun6 ,also1 common s5se %\ld tell y t y are *eck+ ! developm5t ( y\r own ability1 :5 y let y\rself d[n 7no less ?an ! publi%]7 by try+ to pass (f o!r p's bra9-"w z y\r own4 ,x doesn't pay ei!r way4 ,read+ = ,/yle ,read+ = ! improvem5t ( /yle w involve v>i\s types ( lit]ature4 ,9 ord] to "k :at y %\ld read1 y ne$ to "k 9 :i* p>ticul> direction y are weake/4 ,9 ! ma91 h[ev]1 ,i f9d t all amateurs require to cultivate-- #a4 ,a simple1 cle>1 direct mode ( expression4 #b4 ,mod]n language & idiom--9 ! be/ s5se4 #c4 ,a wide vocabul>y4 #d4 ,an e> = musical1 rhy?mic s5t5ces4 ,& equally !y ne$ to avoid-- #a4 ,o!r p's mann]isms4 #b4 ,long p>agraphs & involv$ s5t5ces4 #c4 ,p$antry & a display ( p]sonal le>n+4 #d4 ,hackney$ phrases4 #e4 ,mod]n slang4 ,y may n be able to detect any correspond+ weaknesses 9 y\r own writ+s2 b1 if y h _h no special tra9+ 9 lit]>y "w1 ,i c safely assure y !y are !re--"s ( !m1 possibly all ( !m6 ,9 any case1 no p>ticul> h>m w result if y assume t y\r writ+ w /& a little improvem5t "u ea* ( ^! head+s1 & />t to "w accord+ly4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,beg9n] ,seldom uses ,simple1 ,mod]n ,engli% ,9 ! fir/ *apt] ,i m5tion$ a lack ( mod]nity 9 /yle z a frequ5t defect 9 ! ,,mss4 decl9$ by publi%]s2 unless y h&l$ /ories & articles all day long z an editor does y w\ld nev] cr$it h[ widespread is ! fail+4 ,x is a curi\s fact t only a v small proportion ( p c write z !y actually speak2 ^? :o d s usually belong to ! poore/ ( ! un$ucat$ classes1 or !y are exp]i5c$ lit]>y craftsm54 ,! l>ge majority ( p are s self-consci\s :5 !y take p5 9 h& to write a /ory or an article1 t !y _c be natural4 ,!y d n realise t !y %\ld write z ord9>y human be+s2 !y inv>iably feel !y %\ld write z fam\s au?ors2 & !y promptly drop ! language !y use z ord9>y human be+s 9 e-day life1 & adopt an artificial1 /ilt$ /yle :i* !y seem to ?9k ! correct ?+ = an au?or4 ,& ?is artificial phraseology is inv>iably ar*aic or ,e>ly ,victorian1 because ! books p see labell$ good lit]ature or ! classics are *iefly by dead-&-gone writ]s1 :o wrote 9 a /yle t sometimes s\nds old-fa%ion$ 9 ^! days1 ev5 ?\gh _! ,engli% 0 excell5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,e ,g5]ation %[s ,special ,*>act]i/ics ( ,spee* ,our mode ( spee* & ( writ+ 9 ?is tw5tie? c5tury is n precisely t ( ,%akespe>e or ,milton1 ev5 ?\gh ! fundam5tals are ! same4 ,we live 9 a n]v\s1 hurry+ age1 & our language is m n]v\s1 m t]se ?an x 0 ev5 tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,we spe$ up our s5t5ces1 j z we spe$ up our /ories & our articles4 ,we h n "t = l5g?y introductions t arrive n[h]e1 & = ornate p]orations t are sup]flu\s4 ,lab\r-sav+ & cons]vation ( en]gy are prom95t wat*words ( ?is pres5t age1 & are be+ appli$ to our language no less ?an to our "w4 ,9 ord] to get ?r\gh all we mu/ get ?r\gh 9 a day 7or1 at any rate1 all t we imag9e we mu/ get ?r\gh67 x has become an unwritt5 law t ! same ?+ mu/ n be done twice ov]2 m ?an ?is1 we try to f9d ! %orte/ cut to ev]y:]e4 ,z "o result1 we d n use two words :]e "o w suffice2 only ! undiscipl9$1 untra9$ m9d employs a /r+ ( adjectives :]e "o w convey ! same idea1 or repeats practically ! same ?+ sev]al times 9 succession4 ,( c\rse1 all ?is curtailm5t c be--& (t5 is--c>ri$ to excess1 till only a few ess5tial words are left 9 a s5t5ce1 & ^! are clipp$ ( half _! syllables2 we f9d mu* ( ?is 9 ! newspap]s & ! p]iodicals ( an inf]ior class4 ,& x c\ld be pu%$ s f>1 till at l5g? we got to communicate ) "o ano!r by no?+ m ?an a s]ies ( grunts & snaps & sn>ls6 ,sid5ote3 ,mod]nity ( ,/yle is ,desirable ,b ,i am n deal+ ) ! =ms ( spee* us$ by ! illit]ate or ! half-educat$2 ,i am ref]r+ to ! language us$ by ! mo/ intellig5t ( ! educat$ classes1 & ,i want ! amateur to rememb] t ?is is n necess>ily ! language ( ,%akespe>e1 ev5 ?\gh ! same words be employ$4 ,!re is a subtle diff]5ce 9 ! placem5t ( words1 9 ! turn ( phrases1 9 ! /r5g? & ev5 ! mean+ ( words1 9 ! %ap+ ( s5t5ces1 & t diff]5ce is :at1 = want ( a bett] ^w1 ,i t]m mod]nity1 & x is a quality t ! amateur requires to cultivate4 ,?is lack ( mod]nity is noticeable 9 amateurs ( all types4 ,x is a m>k$ feature 9 ! writ+s ( tea*]s & ^? :o h _h a univ]sity education1 or purely academic tra9+2 & equally x is conspicu\s 9 ! ,,mss4 ( ! "o :o leads a v quiet1 retir$ exi/5ce1 or has a re/rict$ view ( life4 ,at fir/ sight x may seem /range to ! 'v>sity girl1 :o consid]s h]self ! la/ ^w 9 mod]nity1 t ,i classify h] e>ly lit]>y attempts ) ^? ( a middle-ag$ invalid1 let u say1 :o kn[s v little ( ! _w at l>ge4 ,b ^? :o conc5trate exclusively on "o idea1 or h _! outlook n>r[$ to "o p>ticul> groove--:e!r t groove be *ur*-"w1 or h\sekeep+1 or hockey1 or read+ = a degree--drop into an antiquat$ mode ( expression1 z a rule1 ! mom5t !y />t to write any?+ ap>t f a lett] to an intimate4 ,! role ( au?or looms l>ge be=e !m4 ,! m9d in/antly sugge/s ! /yle ( ^? au?ors !y h be5 9 ! habit ( read+--& m p>ticul>ly ^? !y w\ld l o!r p to ?9k !y 7 9 ! habit ( read+--! books t are accept$ classics1 &1 consequ5tly1 mu/ be beyond all "q4 ,x matt]s n :e!r amateurs are %ap+ !mselves accord+ to ,c[p] & ,miss ,edgewor?1 or /riv+ to live up to ! ,elizabe?an giants1 !y arrive at an old-fa%ion$ /yle = :i* !re is no m call 9 ! _w ( to-day ?an !re is = a cr9ol9e or a ,roman toga4 ,& ?is1 despite ! greatness ( _! models4 ,"h are a few s5t5ces tak5 at r&om f ! pile ( ,,mss4 wait+ att5tion "h 9 my (fice3-- ,sid5ote3 ,in/ances ( ,antiquat$ ,expressions ,let u pond] a:ile at ! %r9e ( ,nature4 ,?is is f an article on ,a ,c\ntry ,walk1 writt5 by a ,high ,s*ool tea*]4 ,n[1 w\ld %e h said t1 p]sonally1 ei!r to a fri5d or to a class1 if !y 7 go+ out = a c\ntry walk8 ,( c\rse n6 ,y see at once h[ antiquat$ & /ilt$ x is :5 y subject x to ! te/ ( natural1 pres5t-day requirem5ts4 ,9 ano!r ,,ms4 ,i read1 ,k+ ,sol 0 seek+ 8 c\* 9 ! we/4 ,:y n h said1 ,! sun 0 sett+8 ,he 0 h] s5ior by "s two summ]s1 writes a w\ld-be noveli/1 9 describ+ h]o & h]o9e4 ,:y "s two summ]s1 ,i wond]8 ,& w\ld x n be m /raight=w>d to say1 ,he 0 two ye>s old] ?an %e8 ,!y 7 ( respectable p>5tage1 ?\gh poor & h>d-work+ )al4 ,ne$less to say ?is occurs 9 a /ory ( ru/ic life4 ,:y is x t ! amateur s (t5 describes ! cottag] 9 ?is poor b pi\s /ra98 ,we saw ahead ( u h] home--to wit1 a rose-gr[n1 yell[-wa%$ cottage4 ,& a v pretty home x 01 no d\bt2 b :y spoil x by ! introduction ( to wit8 ,he 0 inde$ a meet lov] = su* an up-to-date girl4 ,! ^w meet is n m]ely antiquat$ & unsuit$ to a /ory ( pres5t-day life2 x seems p>ticul>ly out ( place :5 us$ 9 close connection ) s mod]n a t]m z up-to-date4 ,! two expressions are c5turies ap>t1 & bo? %\ld n h be5 includ$ 9 ! same s5t5ce4 ,"o ,,ms4 says1 ,i w\ld fa9 tell y ( ! devi\s ways 9 :i* ! poor girl /rove to e>n an hone/ livelihood & keep p5ury at bay2 b1 alas6 de> read]1 space does n avail4 ,on ! :ole1 "o is ?ankful t x didn't avail1 all ?+s consid]$6 ,9 a lett] accompany+ ano!r ,,ms4 ! au?or expla9s1 ,y won't f9d any slang 9 my writ+4 ,i revel 9 ! ri* sonority ( ! ,engli% language4 ,t is all "r2 b "s p confuse ri* sonority ) artificiality4 ,a ^w may be ri*ness itself if rightly appli$1 b if us$ 9 a wrong connection1 or employ$ 9 an affect$ or unnatural mann]1 x w lose all its ri*ness & become m]ely old-fa%ion$1 or else absurd4 ,i h n ! space to sp>e = fur!r in/ances1 b ,i notice "o phrase t is curi\sly popul> ) ! beg9n]1 :o frequ5tly lets y "k ! "n ( "s "* 9 ^! words1 ,m>y ,jones1 = su* 0 h] "n---- etc4 ,i _c und]/& :at is ! *>m ( t expression1 = su* 0 h] "n2 b x is "o ( ! amateurs' _m /&-bys4 ,common s5se w tell y t ! sure/ way to ga9 a good mod]n /yle is to read good mod]n /uff4 ,sid5ote3 ,& n[ = a ,rem$y ,beg9 ) a special /udy ( ! ,editorials 9 ! be/ type ( newspap]s4 ,?is is read+ t ,i /rongly advocate = ! amateur 9 ord] to c\nt]act ar*aic t5d5cies2 ?\gh ,i wi% emphatically to po9t out t by ! ,lead+ ,articles ,i d n mean ! av]age ,woman's ,gossip1 or :atev] o!r "n is giv5 to ! column ( inanities t is devot$ to fem99e topics2 = 9 "s newspap]s ?is is ab\t z futile & feeble1 & z badly writt5 z x is possible = a newspap] column to be4 ,un=tunately1 ! av]age p]son does n read ! be/ "p ( ! newspap]4 ,he1 & m p>ticul>ly %e1 reads ! headl9es1 skims ! news1 & runs ! eye ov] any?+ t specially appeals1 looks d[n ! ,bir?s1 ,m>riages & ,dea?s1 & n mu* m4 ,b ?is w n improve anyone's ,engli%4 ,take a pap] l ! ,spectator4 ,"h y h mod]n j\rnali/ic writ+ at its be/4 ,read ! ,lead+ ,articles c>efully ea* week4 ,read also ! p>agraphs summ>is+ ! news on ! op5+ pages4 ,read al\d1 if y c2 ?is w help to impress phrases & s5t5ces on y\r m9d4 ,obs]ve h[ cle> & concise & /raight=w>d is ! /yle4 ,( c\rse1 ! articles w v>y2 !y are n all writt5 by ! same p52 b ^? t foll[ imm$iately aft] ! news p>agraphs are always wor? ! /ud5t's att5tion4 ,y w notice t ! writ] has some?+ def9ite to say1 & he says x pla9ly1 9 a way t is in/antly und]/ood4 ,! words us$ w be to ! po9t2 !re w be a good *oice ( language1 yet nev] an unnecess>y pil+ on ( words4 ,y may1 or may n1 agree ) ev]y?+ t is said2 b t is n ( p>am\nt importance at ! mom5t1 z 9 ?is case y are read+ 9 ord] to acquire a cle>1 easy /yle ( writ+ r ?an to ga9 special in=mation4 ,nev]!less1 y w be enl>g+ y\r m5tal outlook consid]ably4 ,9 ! same way1 /udy ! ,editorials 9 any ( ! daily or weekly pap]s ( high /&+ & reputation1 avoid+ ! pap]s ( ! s5sational snippet ord]4 ,y w soon get to recognise :e!r ! /yle is good or poor4 ,! ,briti% ,weekly 7,london7 is celebrat$ = its lit]>y quality4 ,x w be a ga9 if y read regul>ly ! article on ! front page1 & ,! ,correspond5ce ( ,claudius ,cle>1 :i* is a feature e week4 ,?is is to />t y on a c\rse ( read+ t w give mod]nity to y\r /yle1 & help to rid y ( ! antiquat$ expressions & mann]isms t are s noticeable 9 amateur "w4 ,m]e newspap] read+ may seem to y a disappo9t+ beg9n+ to ! programme4 ,! newspap] is read by ev]ybody e day1 y may tell me1 & :at has x done = _! /yle8 ,b ,i am n advocat+ t type ( newspap] read+4 ,?is isn't a "q ( read+ "s murd] case1 or imbib+ ! exhil>at+ in=mation t "s "o met ,mrs4 ,blank on ,fif? ,av5ue ! o!r day1 & %e look$ sweet 9 a pale blue hat4 ,leave all t "p ( ! pap] sev]ely alone4 ,/udy ! ,editorials z y w\ld /udy a book1 s9ce ! writ+s ( fir/-class j\rnali/s are excell5t models = ! amateur1 a fact t is curi\sly ov]look$ by ! /ud5t4 ,read a fix$ am\nt ea* day1 in/ead ( rely+ on a haphaz>d pick+ up ( a pap] & a c>eless glance ov] its cont5ts4 ,!n1 z a useful ex]cise1 take ! subject-matt] ( a p>agraph1 or an article1 & see h[ y w\ld h treat$ x2 try if y c improve on x 7aft] all1 mo/ ?+s 9 ?is _w c be improv$ ^u if ! "r p]son does ! improv+74 ,y w be surpris$ to f9d h[ int]e/+ a /udy ?is w become 9 a v little :ile4 ,d n misund]/& me3 ,i am n advocat+ newspap] read+ 9 place ( classical works1 b z a necess>y & valuable addition to a writ]'s lit]>y /udies4 ,! ,ne$ = ,enl>g+ ! ,vocabul>y ,equal 9 importance to ! cultivation ( a mod]n /yle 9 writ+1 is ! necessity = hav+ a wide selection ( words at y\r comm&1 & a ke5 s5se ( _! value4 ,"s p ?9k ! *ief ?+ 9 writ+ is to h ideas 9 "o's head4 ,ideas are ess5tial1 b !y are n ev]y?+4 ,y\r bra9 may be cramm$ full ( ! mo/ wond]ful ideas1 b !y w be useless if !y get no f>!r ?an y\r bra94 ,x is "o ?+ to see ?+s y\rself1 & q ano!r to be able to make an abs5t p]son see !m4 ,x is "o ?+ to receive impressions 9 y\r own m9d f y\r surr\nd+s1 or z ! product ( imag9ation1 & q ano!r to record ^? impressions 9 black & :ite4 ,t5s ( ?\s&s ( p are consci\s ( vivid m5tal pictures1 = "o :o is able to reproduce !m 9 su* a =m t !y become vivid pictures to o!rs4 ,& "o reason = ! inability ( ! majority to express _! ?\ghts 9 writ+ is ! paucity ( _! vocabul>y1 & _! lack ( ! p[] to put words toge!r 9 a conv9c+ & accurate mann]4 ,girls (t5 write to me1 ,i ?9k su* wond]ful ?+s 9 my bra92 ,i'm sure ,i c\ld write a book1 if only p w\ld give me a little enc\ragem5t1 or1 if only ,i _h "t4 ,b if !y _h all ! enc\ragem5t & all ! "t 9 ! _w1 !y c\ld n transf] ^? wond]ful ?\ghts f _! bra9 to pap] unless !y _h practice1 ! "r words at _! comm&1 & ! exp]i5ce t comes f h>d regul> work+ at ! subject4 ,:at p d n realise is ?is3 wond]ful ?\ghts are surg+ ?r\gh ?\s&s ( bra9s4 ,!y are fairly common inside p's heads2 ! difficulty is 9 gett+ !m out ( ! head--z mo/ ( u soon f9d out :5 we />t to write6 ,i %all ref] to ?is lat] on4 ,if y wi% to write d[n y\r ?\ghts--no matt] :e!r !y are conc]n$ ) ! emotions1 or religion1 or nature1 or cook]y--y mu/ employ words2 & ! m subtle1 or elevat$1 or complex ! subject-matt] ( y\r ?\ghts1 ! great] ne$ w !re be = a wide *oice ( words1 9 ord] to express exactly ! v>i\s grades & %ades ( mean+ t w be involv$4 ,if y\r vocabul>y be small--i4e4 if y only "k ! av]age words us$ by ! av]age p]son--!re is e *ance t y\r writ+s w be flat & col\rless1 & no m int]e/+1 or excit+1 or in/ructive1 or ent]ta9+ ?an ! ord9>y conv]sation ( ! av]age p]son4 ,h5ce ! necessity = enl>g+ y\r vocabul>y1 s t y h ! utmo/ v>iety to *oose f 9 ! way ( suitable words1 expressive words1 & beautiful words1 7?is la/ ! mod]n amateur is apt to ov]look74 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,av]age ,p]son's ,vocabul>y is ,meagre ,! smallness ( ! vocabul>y us$ by ! av]age p]son to-day is p>tly due to ! mass ( feeble read+-matt] ) :i* ! c\ntry 0 flood$ 9 ! ye>s imm$iately prec$+ ! ,w>4 ,9 addition to ?is1 life _h become v easy = ! majority ( folk 9 rec5t times2 money 0 suppos$ to be life's sole requisite4 ,"w ( all k9ds 0 put out z mu* z possible2 we %irk$ physical lab\r2 lessons 7 made z easy z !y c\ld be2 games 7 play$ = u by pr(essionals :ile we look$ on2 ef=t ( e sort 0 di/a/eful to u4 ,x has be5 said1 t z a nation we 7 becom+ flabby & in]t1 & 7 fa/ drift+ into an exce$+ly lazy1 commonplace m5tal attitude4 ,we boa/$ t we c\ldn't ?9k 7ev5 ?\gh ) _m ?is 0 m]ely a pose72 we seem$ q pr\d ( ourselves :5 we proclaim$ our indiff]5ce to all s]i\s read+1 & our inability to und]/& any?+4 ,t pre-,w> p]iod1 giv5 ov] to money-wor%ip1 n only curtail$ our *oice ( words by its all-p]vad+ t5d5cy to m9d-laz9ess1 b x _h its vulg>is+ effect ^u our language1 j z x _h ^u our dress1 our mode ( liv+1 & our amusem5ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,! dull ,monotony ( ,engli% ,slang ,n only did we cease to take ! tr\ble to speak correctly1 b we almo/ ceas$ to be lucid6 ,we made "o ^w--slang or o!rwise--d duty 9 scores ( places :]e its introduction 0 ei!r s5seless or idiotic1 r ?an ex]t our m9ds to f9d ! correct ^w = ea* occasion4 ,_m p appe>$ to ?9k t ! use ( slang 0 n only sm>t1 b q clev]2 :]eas no?+ m surely indicates a poor ord] ( intellig5ce4 ,my *ief objection to a con/ant use ( slang is n because x is outside ! pale ( classical ,engli%1 b because x is s ineffective & feeble4 ,z a rule1 slang words & phrases are1 9 ! ma91 po9tless & weak1 = ! simple reason t we use "o ^w = e occasion :5 x happ5s to be ! craze2 & be=e long x comes to means no?+ at all1 ev5 if x *anc$ to mean any?+ at ! />t--:i* x seldom does4 ,our gr&mo!rs object$ to _! own set us+ slang on ! gr\nd t x 0 unladylike4 ,! mod]n girl smiles at ! t]m4 ,:o desires to be 'ladylike'8 inquires ! advanc$ "y p]son ( to-day4 ,yet our gr&mo!rs 7 "r fundam5tally2 ) _! g5]ation1 ! ^w lady impli$ a woman ( education1 intellig5ce1 & ref9em5t4 ,! us] ( slang is ! p]son :o lacks ^! qualifications2 %e has nei!r ! wit nor ! k to employ a bett] & m expressive selection ( words4 ,sid5ote3 ,slang indicates ,ignorance ,slang indicates1 n advanc$ ideas1 b ignorance--any p>rot c repeat an expression1 x takes a clev] p]son always to use ! "r ^w4 ,_m p :o con/antly employ any ^w t happ5s to be curr5t1 d n really "k :at !y are say+1 nei!r d !y atta* any weight to _! words2 !y m]ely repeat "s inanity1 because !y h n ! bra9s to say any?+ m intellig5t1 or !y are too indol5t to use :at bra9s !y h4 ,notice h[ a set ( big s*oolgirls w1 at "o "t1 use ! ^w putrid1 let u say1 & apply x to ev]y?+1 f a brok5 %oe-lace to exam9ations4 ,& wom5 w call ev]y?+ d9kie1 or ducky1 or some?+ equally enlight5+ & arti/ic1 work+ ! ^w all day long until x is ou/$ by ano!r s5seless expression4 ,:at p[] ( comp>ison has a girl1 su* z "o ,i met rec5tly1 :o1 9 ! c\rse ( t5 m9utes describ$ a hat z awf'ly niffy1 a man z awf'ly sweet1 a m\nta9 z awf'ly ripp9'1 & ano!r girl z an awful cat8 ,:at does x all am\nt to1 ?is p]v]sion ( legitimate words or introduction ( mean+less ones8 ,no?+--actually no?+4 ,t is ! pity ( x4 ,if ^! ornam5ts ( conv]sation enabl$ "o to grasp a po9t bett]1 to see ?+s m cle>ly1 or to arrive at a conclusion m rapidly1 ,i1 = "o1 w\ld gladly welcome !m1 z ,i welcome any?+ t w save "t & lab\r4 ,b1 un=tunately1 !y only t5d to dw>f ! intellig5ce & to less5 ! value ( our spee*4 ,i h enl>g$ on ! undesirability ( slang1 because _m amateurs ?9k x w give brilliance1 or sm>tness1 or up-to-date-ness to _! "w4 ,b x doesn't4 ,x obscures r ?an bright5s2 x t5ds to monotony in/ead ( sm>tness4 ,! beg9n] w be wise to avoid x1 unless x is requir$ legitimately 9 record+ ! conv]sation ( a slangy p]son4 ,sid5ote3 ,"s ,books t w ,enl>ge y\r ,vocabul>y ,to enl>ge y\r selection ( words1 y mu/ read books ( ! essay type r ?an fiction1 z ^! usually give ! wide/ range ( ,engli%4 ,two au?ors /& out above all o!rs 9 ?is connection--,rusk9 & ,r4,l4 ,/ev5son4 ,bo? m5 _h an extraord9>y in/9ct = ! "r ^w on all occasions--! ^w t express$ exactly ! idea ea* wi%$ to convey4 ,read "s ( ,/ev5son's essays sl[ly & c>efully4 ,don't gobble !m6 ,y want to impress ! words1 & ! connection 9 :i* !y are us$1 on y\r m9d4 ,x is an ef=t to mo/ ( u to read sl[ly 9 ^! hu/l+ times2 yet no?+ b delib]ate1 c>eful read+ w s]ve to tea* ! correct use ( words & _! approximate values4 ,& ,i ne$ n rem9d y to look up 9 a diction>y ! mean+ ( any ^w t is new to y4 ,rusk9's ,sesame & ,lilies y w h read _m times1 ,i hope2 if n1 get x z soon z ev] y c4 ,8 ,poetry ( ,ar*itecture w make a useful /udy2 also ,que5 ( ! ,air & ,praet]ita 78 own biography74 ,8 l>g] works1 :ile conta9+ innum]able passages ( great beauty1 are s (t5 ov]weight$ ) te*nical details & pr9ciples ( art 7"s q out-(-date n[7 t !y become t$i\s at times4 ,yet !re is s mu* 9 all ( 8 writ+s to enl>ge y\r work+-li/ ( words1 t y w b5efit by read+ any ( 8 books4 ,among pres5t-day writ]s ,i p>ticul>ly recomm5d ,sir ,a4 ,quill]-,c\*1 ,dr4 ,*>les ,w4 ,eliot2 ,dr4 ,a4,c4 ,b5son1 ,dr4 ,edmund ,gosse1 ,c\lson ,k]nahan1 & ,augu/9e ,birrell1 ^: volumes ( essays w n only enl>ge y\r vocabul>y1 b w prove p>ticul>ly in/ructive 9 sugge/+ ! "r plac+ ( words1 & 9 giv+ y a correct feel+ = _! value4 ,( c\rse ?is does n exhau/ ! li/ ( au?ors ) comm5dable vocabul>ies2 b x gives y some?+ to />t on4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is ! ,value ( a ,^w1 n ,its ,unusuality1 t ,c\nts ,notice t ! writ]s ,i h sugge/$ d n necess>ily use extraord9>y words1 or uncommon words1 or v long-syllabl$ words1 or pond]\s & le>n$ words4 ,"o great *>m ( _! writ+s lies 9 ! fact t !y inv>iably use ! ^w t is exactly "r1 ! ^w t conveys bett] ?an any o!r ^w ! ?\ght or s5sation !y wi%$ to convey4 ,sometimes x is an unusual ^w2 sometimes x is a famili> ^w us$ 9 an unfamili> connection2 b 9 mo/ cases y feel t ! ^w us$ c\ld n h be5 bett]$--x sums up precisely1 & conveys to y\r m9d in/antly1 ! ?\ght t 0 9 ! au?or's m9d4 ,_m amateurs fall into ! error ( ?9k+ t an uncommon ^w1 or a long ^w1 or a ^w ) an impos+ s\nd1 gives /yle to _! writ+s1 & !y despise ! simple words1 consid]+ !m common-place4 ,i he>d an old cl]gyman 9 a small c\ntry *ur* expla9 to ! congregation1 9 ! c\rse ( a s]mon1 t ! words mix$ multitude meant an het]og5e\s conglom]ation2 b ,i ?9k 8 ru/ic audi5ce und]/ood ! simple ,bible words bett] ?an !y did 8 explanatory notes4 ,i rememb] see+ an exam9ation pap]1 :]e9 a /ud5t _h p>aphras$ ! l9e-- ,! l[+ h]d w9d sl[ly o'er ! lea1 z1 ,! bell[+ cattle are me&]+ t>dily ov] ! neglect$1 untill$ mead[ l&4 ,?is is an in/ance ( ! wrong ^w be+ us$ 9 ne>ly e case2 & z a complete s5t5ce x w\ld h be5 difficult to con/ruct any?+1 on ! same l9es1 t convey$ less ! feel+ ,gray wi%$ to convey :5 he wrote ! poem6 ,good writ+ is n dep5d5t ^u long or ornate or unusual words2 x is ! outcome ( a con/ant use ( ! "r ^w--! ^w t be/ conveys ! au?or's idea4 ,if !re be a *oice betwe5 a complex ^w & a simple ^w1 use ! simple "o4 ,rememb] t ! object ( writ+ is n ! cov]+ ( s mu* blank pap]1 nor ! /r++ toge!r ( syllables2 x is ! transf]5ce f ! au?or's bra9 to o!r p's bra9s ( c]ta9 ?\ghts & situations & s5sations4 ,& ! be/ writ+ is t :i* conveys1 by ! simple/ & mo/ direct means1 ! cle>e/ reproduction ( ! au?or's ideas4 ,! ,*>m ( ,musical ,language ,!re is a v special & di/9ct *>m ab\t lit]ature t is musical to ! e>--words t are euphoni\s1 phrases t are rhy?mic1 s5t5ces t rise & fall ) def9ite cad5ce4 ,un=tunately1 ! tw5tie? c5tury1 s f>1 has be5 prim>ily conc]n$ ) ! mak+ ( noise r ?an music4 ,ev5 be=e ! ,w>1 we liv$ 9 a welt] ( hide\s j>r+ s\nd1 to :i* e s+le dep>tm5t ( life has add$ its quota4 ,outdoors ! vehicles honk & rattle & ro>2 9 bus9ess life ! clack & :irr ( ma*9]y dr[ns all else2 9 ! home doors are bang$1 voices are rais$ to a rauc\s pit*1 *ildr5 are p]mitt$ to %\t & clatt] ab\t at all times & seasons--inde$1 x is ! exception r ?an ! rule1 n[adays1 to f9d a quiet-mann]$1 well-ord]$ h\sehold4 ,:5 ,/rauss put toge!r 8 s\nd mon/rosities1 :i* he misnam$ music1 he 0 only e*o+ ! g5]al noise-*aos t _h tak5 possession ( ! univ]se1 p]meat+ art & lit]ature no less ?an ev]yday life4 ,! nightm>es ( ! cubi/s & futuri/s 7 m]ely undiscipl9$ blatancy & h>%ness r5d]$ 9 col\r in/ead ( 9 s\nd1 & 7 fur!r demon/rations ( ! crudity to :i* a nation is b\nd to rev]t :5 x wilfully disc>ds ! f9] ?+s ( ! s\l 9 a mad pursuit ( money4 ,sid5ote3 ,s\nd--,ref9$ & ,o!rwise ,! s\nds produc$ by a p are inv>iably a direct indication ( ! degree ( _! ref9em5t2 ! great] ! bl>e & clam\r att5dant ^u _! do+s1 & ! m h>% & uncultivat$ _! speak+ voices1 ! less _! innate ref9em5t4 ,be>+ all ?is 9 m9d1 x is easy to und]/& :y s mu* ( our mod]n lit]ature became ta9t$ ) ! same s\nd-h>%ness t _h smitt5 life z a :ole4 ,"s writ]s w\ld n take ! tr\ble to be musical2 "s ma9ta9$ t !re 0 no necessity to be melodi\s2 "s reg>d$ beauty ( s\nd z synonym\s ) weakness2 o!rs--& ^! 7 9 ! majority--_h lo/ all s5se ( ^w-music & ! captivat+ quality ( rhy?m4 ,& yet few ?+s make a great] or a m g5]al appeal to ! read]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,dang]s ( ! ,r\gh-hewn ,me?od ,!re is no d\bt b :at ! idea t r\gh1 unpoli%$ "w /ood = /r5g?1 :ile c>efully-f9i%$ "w impli$ weakness1 0 due to ! fact t sev]al ( our great ?9k]s adopt$ ! r\gh-hewn me?od4 ,su* m5 z ,c>lyle & ,br[n+ 7 sometimes irritat+ly discordant & un%apely 9 /yle--occasionally giv+ ! idea1 z a fir/ impression1 t _! words 7 %ovell$ toge!r irrespective ( s\nd or s5se4 ,said ! less] lights1 ,?is seems a v easy way to d x6 ,& !y are und\bt$ly great m54 ,:y %\ldn't we d likewise8 ,x mu/ save a deal ( tr\ble6 ,b !re is "o difficulty t we less] lights are always up aga9/3 :]eas g5ius1 9 its own l9e1 c d any?+ x likes1 9 any way x likes1 & ! result w be ( value to ! _w1 ^? ( u :o are n 9 ! front rank ( greatness _c "w reg>dless ( all laws & traditions2 or1 if we d1 our "w is n wor? mu*4 ,x 0 n t ,c>lyle & ,br[n+ 7 p]mitt$ to write reg>dless ( laws & traditions because !y 7 great2 c]ta9ly n4 ,!y 7 great because !y c\ld write reg>dless ( laws & traditions1 & yet write :at 0 ( value to ! _w4 ,s few ( u c d t4 ,p>5!tically1 ,i am n say+ t ,br[n+ 0 nev] musical2 ! lyrics 9 ,p>acelsus1 = in/ance1 are beautiful2 b (t5 he w5t to ! o!r extreme4 ,x no m foll[s t beautiful language is weak1 ?an t unc\? language is /rong4 ,! r\gh & (t5 clumsy phraseology sometimes us$ by ! two m5 ,i h nam$ 0 _! weakness2 & ! fact t ! _w 0 will+ to accept ! way !y (t5 said ?+s1 = ! sake ( :at !y _h to say1 is an imm5se tribute to ! wor? ( _! ideas4 ,sid5ote3 ,to use ,pleas+ ,language is ,good ,policy ,!re are inv>iably two ways ( say+ ! same ?+1 &1 all else be+ equal1 x is m advantage\s to say :at we h to say 9 a pleasant r ?an an unpleasant mann]4 ,we "k ! wisdom ( ?is 9 ev]yday life2 equally x is ! be/ policy 9 writ+4 ,i c\ld "n books t are mod]ately ?9 9 subject-matt] & yet h _h a l>ge sale1 & ?is1 prim>ily1 because ( ! *>m ( _! /yle & ! music ( _! language4 ,:ile !re %\ld be ideas beh9d all t is writt51 if ^? ideas are pres5t$ 9 language t captivates ! e>1 ! book has a d\ble *ance1 s9ce x w appeal ?r\gh two *annels in/ead ( only "o--! e> z well z ! m9d4 ,x mu/ nev] be =gott5 t ! object ( our read+ is sometimes--v (t51 inde$--recreation & recup]ation4 ,we are n always seek+ in=mation2 ! m9d is n always equal to pr(\nd or involv$ ?\ght2 b x is always susceptible to beauty & h>mony 7or x %\ld be1 if we keep x 9 a heal?y condition1 & d n damage x ) injuri\s m5tal food74 ,& :e!r we are seek+ in=mation or recreation1 !re is a great fasc9ation 9 read+ matt] t has rhy?m1 melody1 & balance 9 its s5t5ces4 ,i consid] t ! p[] to write on ^! l9es is v l>gely a matt] ( tra9+4 ,?\gh1 obvi\sly1 "s e>s are m ke5ly alive ?an o!rs to ! comp>ative values ( s\nd1 & "s are born ) a c]ta9 in/9ct = good expression1 !re is no d\bt b :at practice w d mu* to induce a graceful1 melodi\s /yle ( writ+1 & /udy w help u to detect ^! qualities 9 ! works ( o!rs4 ,sid5ote3 ,write ,v]se if y want to ,write ,good ,prose ,) reg>d to tra9+3 ,i /rongly advise ^? :o aim = a good prose /yle to practise writ+ v]se4 ,:5 y />t1 y w probably f9d t y\r e>ly attempts are no?+ m ?an a s]ies ( l9es ) j+l+ rhymes at /at$ int]vals4 ,nev]!less1 ev5 su* productions z ^! are ( def9ite use 9 y\r tra9+4 ,y h _h to f9d words t rhym$4 ,y h _h to compress y\r ideas )9 a set limit2 ?is 9 itself is a *eck on ! long-w9d$ w&]+ t5d5cies ( ! amateur4 ,y h _h to consid] ! respective weight ( syllables--:i* is wor? an acc5t1 & :i* is n1 & s on4 ,9 %ort1 y h _h to give "s discrim9at+ ?\ght to :at y 7 writ+1 & h[ y 7 writ+ x1 & t is :at ! beg9n] s seldom does4 ,he m (t5 sits d[n & goes on & on & on--words1 words1 words--) no feel+ = _! respective values1 or ! proportion ( ! s5t5ces & incid5ts z a :ole4 ,visc\nt ,morley1 9 8 ,recollections1 writes3 ,at ,*elt5ham ,college1 ,i tri$ my h& at a prize poem on ,cass&ra2 x did n come ne> ! prize1 & ,i 0 left ) ! ma/]'s s+ul> consolation1 = an aspir+ poet1 t my v]se %[$ _m ( ! elem5ts ( a s\nd prose /yle4 ,b ! ma/]'s consolation 0 n s s+ul> aft] all4 ,x is q possible = "o to write v]se t may be excell5t tra9+ = prose writ+1 & yet t is n poetry 9 ! mo/ exclusive s5se ( ! ^w4 ,sid5ote3 ,read ,poetry ,al\d to ,cultivate a ,s5se ( ,musical ,language ,9 addition to writ+ v]se1 ,i urge all /ud5ts :o wi% to cultivate a s5se ( music 9 _! writ+ to read good poetry1 &1 :5ev] possible1 to read x al\d4 ,:5 read+ al\d1 ! e> helps z well z ! eye2 :]eas1 :5 read+ sil5tly1 ! eye is apt to run on fa/] ?an ! e> is able--m5tally--to take 9 ! s\nds2 & y are b\nd to miss "s ( ! f9] %ades ( movem5t & melody4 ,:5 y say ! words al\d1 ! s\nd & ! beat ( ! syllables are m likely to be impress$ ^u y\r m9d4 ,y _c d bett] ?an ,t5nyson to beg9 )--"o ( ! mo/ musical ( our poets4 ,read ,! ,lotos-,eat]s1 ! lyrics 9 ,! ,pr9cess1 ,! ,lady ( ,%allott1 ,come into ! ,g>d51 ,maud4 ,9 ,! ,idylls1 & ,9 ,memoriam1 are _m exquisite passages4 ,read ,gu9ev]e1 & ,! ,pass+ ( ,ar?ur1 = example1 not+ ! l9es t are conspicu\s = _! *>m ( word+1 or balance1 or s\nd4 ,turn+ to o!r writ]s3 ,i select a few in/ances at r&om1 & am only nam+ well-kn[n poems t are )9 ! rea* ( mo/ /ud5ts3-- ,*ri/9a ,rossetti3 ,! *ant ( ! m\rn]s1 at ! end ( ,! ,pr9ce's ,progress1 beg9n+ ,too late = love1 is wor? read+ _m times4 ,jean ,+el[ has1 9 a m>k$ degree1 a musical quality 9 h] v]se :i* comp5sates 9 "s measure = its slightness4 ,h] habit ( repeat+ a ^w (t5 gives a lilt & a cad5ce to h] l9es t is v pleas+1 z = in/ance 9 ,e*o & ! ,f]ry1 & ,songs ( ,sev54 ,z an example by ano!r poet1 ?is repetition ( a ^w is us$ ) delightful effect 9 ,%]wood1 by ,alfr$ ,noyes4 ,o!r poems y might read are3 ,! ,=sak5 ,m]man1 ,mat!w ,arnold2 ,! ,cl\d1 ,%elley2 ,kubla ,khan1 ,col]idge2 ,! ,burial ( ,moses1 ,mrs4 ,alex&]2 & ,! ,recessional1 ,kipl+4 ,! ,=e/ ( ,wild ,?yme1 ,alfr$ ,noyes1 conta9s mu* 9 ! way ( music4 ,aft] y h /udi$ ^!--& !y w give y a good />t--se>* = y\rself4 ,to make y\r own discov]ies 9 lit]ature is a valuable "p ( y\r tra9+4 ,sid5ote3 ,an?ologies are ,valuable ,text-,books ,! /ud5t w f9d x v helpful to h at h& "o or two small volumes ( select$ poems by v>i\s au?ors4 ,su* an?ologies (t5 give1 9 a compact =m1 "s ( ! *oice/ ( ! writ]s' v]ses2 & ?is saves ! novice's "t 9 wad+ ?r\gh "s "w t may be indiff]5t 9 se>* ( ! be/4 ,moreov]1 a little volume c be slipp$ into ! pocket1 & w provide read+ = odd mom5ts4 ,d n cont5t y\rself ) a m]e read+ ( ! poems4 ,try to decide :]e9 lies ! *>m 7or ! rev]se7 ( ea*4 ,expla91 if y c1 :y1 = in/ance1 ! foll[+1 by ,sw9burne3-- ,yea1 surely ! sea l a h>p] laid h& on ! %ore z a lyre1 appeals to "o m ?an ,longfell['s l9es3-- ,! night is calm & cl\dless1 ,& /ill z /ill c be1 ,& ! />s come =? to li/5 ,to ! music ( ! sea4 ,comp>e poems by v>i\s writ]s deal+ ) some:at simil> !mes2 note :]e9 ! diff]5ce lies bo? 9 ?\ght & workman%ip4 ,mrs4 ,br[n+'s ,sonnets f ! ,portuguese c\ld be /udi$ side by side ) ,*ri/9a ,rossetti's ,monna ,innom9ata2 ,longfell['s ,! ,h]ons ( ,elmwood ) ,bryant's ,l9es to a ,wat]f[l2 ,*ri/9a ,rossetti's ,! ,pr9ce's ,progress ) ,t5nyson's ,! ,day ,dream4 ,su* ex]cises w enl>ge y\r ideas z well z y\r vocabul>y2 !y w help to give y facility 9 express+ y\rself1 & also t g5u9e poli% :i* is ! result ( close famili>ity ) good writ+4 ,analys+ an ,au?or's ,me?ods ,x is n possible to sugge/ any def9ite c\rse ( read+ = ! /udy ( te*nique 7or me?ods ( au?or%ip74 ,! gr\nd is too wide to be cov]$ by any prescrib$ set ( books4 ,9 ord] to und]/&1 ev5 a little bit1 h[ ! au?or does x1 y ne$ to /udy ea* book sep>ately1 z y read x--decid+1 if y c1 :at 0 ! au?or's c5tral idea 9 writ+ x2 dis5tangl+ ! ess5tial framework ( ! /ory f ! less important accessories2 analys+ ! plot2 assign+ to ! v>i\s *>act]s _! degree ( importance2 acc\nt+ = ! introduction ( m9or episodes2 not+ h[ ! au?or has obta9$ a fair proportion ( light & %ade1 & secur$ suffici5t contra/ to ensure a well-balanc$ /ory2 & h[ all ! ma9 happ5+s comb9e to c>ry "o =w>d1 sl[ly x may be1 b surely1 to ! climax ! au?or has 9 view4 ,^! are a few ( ! po9ts y %\ld obs]ve4 ,n[ look at !m 9 detail1 & at ! same "t apply !m to y\r own "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,"o ,c5tral ,idea ,%\ld ,und]lie e ,/ory ,e au?or ( any /&+ has "o c5tral idea at ! back ( 8 m9d :5 he sets out to write a novel2 ?is is ! pivot on :i* ! plot turns--x may be call$ ! keynote ( ! book1 ,sometimes ! au?or's idea is obvi\s or av[$1 z 9 ! case ( mu* ( ,dick5s's works1 & ,uncle ,tom's ,cab94 ,sometimes x is s deftly conceal$ t y may n realise a book is giv+ expression to any "o special idea1 s absorb+ is ! g5]al int]e/4 ,"o great advantage ( ?is keynote is ! way x gives cohesion to a /ory z a :ole1 a motive = ! plot1 a b$-rock reason = ! /ory's exi/5ce4 ,! c5tral idea :i* is inv>iably beh9d a well-writt5 /ory mu/ n be confus$ ) ! moral t adorn$ all ! praisewor?y books ( our gr&mo!rs' day4 ,! idea may be a v demoralis+ "o1 & any?+ b a :olesome pill adm9i/]$ 9 a little jam1 z 0 ! moral ( by-gone /ory-books4 ,b ! po9t ,i want y to notice is ?is3 e au?or :o is an exp]i5c$ work] />ts out ) a def9ite object 9 m9d--good or bad1 or m]ely dull1 z ! case may be2 he does n sit d[n & write haphaz>d incid5ts ) no?+ m 9 view ?an ! /r++ toge!r ( conv]sations & happ5+s t arrive n[h]e1 & illu/rate no?+ 9 p>ticul>1 & rea* no climax o!r ?an a w$d+4 ,sid5ote3 ,a ,w$d+ ne$ n be ! ,*ief ,aim ( a ,novel ,possibly x w come z a surprise to _m amateurs :5 ,i tell !m t ! inevitable unit+ ( ! lov]s 7or _! disunit+1 z ! case may be7 9 ! la/ *apt]1 is n necess>ily ! *ief object ( an exp]i5c$ writ]2 (t5 x is m]ely incid5tal4 ,! av]age beg9n]--m especially ! fem99e beg9n]--has b "o aim :5 %e emb>ks on fiction1 viz41 ! m>ry+ ( h] h]o & h]o9e4 ,t ! w$d+ bells r++ on ! la/ page may be an episode ( second>y importance1 s f> z a book is conc]n$1 seldom occurs to h]4 ,! result is ! monoton\s "* ( ?\s&s ( ! ,,mss4 (f]$ = publication2 & ! we>y reams ( pap] t are cov]$ ) po9tless1 backboneless fiction1 t am\nts1 all told1 to no?+ m ?an ! engagem5t 7or ! e/rangem5t7 ( two col\rless1 nondescript individuals6 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,ideas beh9d ,books are z ,v>i$ z ,human ,nature ,sometimes ! au?or aims to %[ y ei!r ! inhabitants & mann]s & cu/oms & sc5]y ( "s def9ite locality6 or "o p>ticul> class ( society2 or ! virtues or fail+s ( an individual type2 or ! beauty ( an ab/ract virtue2 or ! pitiful side ( pov]ty2 or vice decorat$ ) gloss & glam\r4 ,b :atev] ! idea may be1 "o ( "s sort lies beh9d e novel ( recognis$ /&+4 ,beg9 y\r /udy ( a book1 !re=e1 by look+ = its c5tral idea2 !n obs]ve h[ ?is p]meates ! :ole1 & h[ ! au?or utilises 8 *>act]s & 8 incid5ts to demon/rate ! idea4 ,"s writ]s expla9 !mselves 9 ! title !y give to a book4 ,! ,egoi/ tells y at once :at to expect4 ,b :e!r ! motif ( a book be obvi\s or n at fir/ app>5t1 x is important s f> z ! /ay+ quality ( a /ory is conc]n$4 ,& x is n until y h /udi$ /&>d au?ors1 ) ?is p>ticul> matt] 9 m9d1 t y realise h[ mu* m important x is t a book %\ld h a keynote1 ?an t ! h]o %\ld be h&some1 or t ! h]o9e %\ld be dress$ 9 "s s(t cl++ mat]ial t suits h] surpass+ lovel9ess to p]fection4 ,sid5ote3 ,look = ! ,framework ( ! ,/ory ,hav+ decid$ :at is ! c5tral idea beh9d ! book y are /udy+ 7,i am n sugge/+ any p>ticul> book2 *oose any "w ( recognis$ m]it by a dead or a mod]n writ] & x w s]ve71 next try to f9d ! framework ( ! /ory--! plot if y l1 ?\gh ! framework is n always ! plot4 ,ea* complete /ory is compos$ ( an ess5tial skeleton1 ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( second>y matt] add$ to x to take away f its b>5ess4 ,x is well to notice t ) ! greate/ writ]s ! framework is usually some?+ fairly solid & sub/antial t w /& ! addition ( o!r matt]2 & x (t5 deals ) "s great human tru? t is _w-old4 ,x is n mu* good to h a framework compos$ ( trivialities4 ,b suppose ! framework be some?+ l ?is-- ,wor?y ,john ,jones becomes engag$ to good ,m>y ,smi?2 !y qu>rel1 & become dis5gag$4 ,j4 ,j4 falls a tempor>y prey to ! sir5ical wiles ( ,elsi5oria ,br[n2 ,m4 ,s4 l5ds a tempor>y e> to ! insidi\s sugge/ions ( ,adolphus ,rob9son4 ,elsi5oria ,br[n inadv]t5tly li/5s to ! innoc5t prattle ( a little orphan *ild1 & =?) m5ds h] wick$ ways & dies ( consumption2 ,adolphus ,rob9son is condemn$ to p5al s]vitude = life aft] abscond+ ) ! ,smi? family plate4 ,j4 ,j4 & ,m4 ,s4 are f9ally re/or$ to ea* o!r ?r\gh ! k9d (fices ( ! same innoc5t orphan *ild4 ,x may take y a little ?\ght & "t to deta* ?is framework f ! au?or's weal? ( additional incid5ts or second>y matt]4 ,!re may be talk ab\t ! lovely old ,tudor mansion1 ,m>y's home2 ! life hi/ory ( ea* ( ,m>y's ance/ors1 ^: portraits hang 9 ! long gall]y2 ! ecc5tricities ( ,m>y's gr&fa!r2 ! ,sp>tan temp]am5t ( ,m>y's "m1 ) details ab\t ! p]fection ( h] s]vants1 & ! ?or\ghness ( h] spr+-clean+ activities2 digressions z to non-successful aspirants = ,m>y's h& prior to ! adv5t ( ,john2 ,m>y's "w among ! poor2 ,m>y's love ( ,nature1 & h] exquisite ta/e 9 g>d5 plann+2 ,m>y's pati5ce ) a g\ty fa!r2 ! sordid hi/ory ( ! late p>5ts ( ! prattl+ orphan *ild :om ,m>y rec5tly adopt$2 ,m>y's /ay 9 ,cairo 7aft] ! qu>rel71 & h] meet+ !re ) ,adolphus2 details ( ,cairo natives2 measurem5ts ( ! pyramids2 a nocturne on moonlight ov] ! des]t2 a diss]tation on flies2 prices & descriptions ( baza> curios2 sidelights on hotel visitors1 _! tongues1 _! flirtations1 & _! fancy-"w---- ,& mu* m conc]n+ ,m>y4 ,!n !re w be ,elsi5oria2 h] /age c>e]2 h] intrigues2 h] eyes2 h] int]e/ 9 bull-t]ri]s & bridge2 a descriptive catalogue ( h] jewels1 & ! furni%+s ( h] palatial ya*t2 & a vignette ( h] poor old "m tak+ 9 wa%+ 9 ,milwaukee4 ,9 l mann] !re w be copi\s data conc]n+ ,john1 & ditto conc]n+ ,adolphus1 ) all sorts ( entanglem5ts to be /raight5$ out1 & a legion ( simple happ5+s t lead to confusions4 ,x is f a mass ( incid5ts su* z ^! t y w h to elim9ate ! framework1 ! "p t _c be disp5s$ ) )\t ! re/ fall+ to pieces4 ,practice 9 analys+ /ories w soon make ! framework ( ea* cle> to y4 ,sid5ote3 ,assess ! ,value ( ea* ,"* 9 ! ,/ory ,! *>act]s %\ld be /udi$ individually1 9 ord] to f9d out :y ! au?or br\ght !m on ! sc5e2 :at position ea* occupies 9 relation to ! :ole2 :o are ! mo/ important folk1 & :o are br\ght 9 m]ely to r5d] "s useful b unimportant s]vice to ! /ory4 ,!n note h[ ! au?or keeps ! circum/ances t surr\nd ea* "* directly proportionate to 8 or h] place 9 ! /ory4 ,! great de$s are inv>iably p]=m$ by ! h]o--n by "s odd man :o appe>s only 9 "o *apt] & is nev] he>d ( aga94 ,! mo/ /rik+ p]sonality is nev] assign$ to "s woman :o only has a m9or "p giv5 h]1 & :o vani%es 9 ! c\rse ( a doz5 pages1 ) no fur!r explanation4 ,9 ?is way assess ! value ( ea* "* to ! /ory z a :ole4 ,next /udy ! matt] t seems non-ess5tial to y1 & decide1 if y c1 :y ea* episode 0 introduc$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,use ( ,second>y ,matt] ,at fir/ glance y may ?9k t mu* ( x c\ld be done )\t1 & w\ld make no diff]5ce :atev] to ! /ory1 beyond %ort5+ x1 if x 7 omitt$ altoge!r4 ,?is is p]fectly true ( poor "w4 ,! unskill$ writ] w pad out a ,,ms4 ) all mann] ( /uff t has no direct be>+ on ! plot4 ,!re w be conv]sations t reveal no?+1 t ?r[ no lights on ! *>act]i/ics or ! motives ( anybody1 & are obvi\sly introduc$ m]ely to fill up a few pages4 ,!re w be incid5ts t 9 no way affect ! movem5t ( ! /ory1 t add no p>ticul> excitem5t or int]e/1 & c>ry y no ne>] to ! climax ?an y 7 9 ! previ\s *apt]4 ,b ! good craftsman wa/es no space on unnecess>y talk1 ev5 ?\gh c]ta9 sc5es & episodes may be ( less importance ?an o!rs4 ,he kn[s t second>y matt]1 su* z descriptive passages1 dialogues1 int]ludes & digressions are necess>y 9 ord] to dress ! framework & give x some?+ m ?an b>e bones2 !y are also ne$$ to give v>iety & balance to a book4 ,"s incid5ts t may n appe> to be vital to ! /ory1 are introduc$ to break :at w\ld o!rwise h be5 a monoton\s s]ies ( ev5ts2 or !y are put 9 = ! purpose ( giv+ brightness & a picturesque elem5t z a contra/ to "s sorr[ful or gloomy occurr5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,m9or ,details c be made to s]ve ,two ,purposes ,if ! book be writt5 by a ma/]1 ea* "*1 ea* conv]sation1 ea* incid5t1 ea* descriptive passage1 ea* soliloquy is introduc$ = a specific purpose2 no?+ is haphaz>d1 no?+ is m]ely a fill-up4 ,moreov]1 ! exp]t noveli/ is n cont5t to put 8 second>y matt] to "o m9or use only2 he frequ5tly makes x contribute some?+ to ! ma9 issues ( ! /ory--& 9 ?is case x s]ves a d\ble purpose4 ,= in/ance1 take ! imag9>y /ory ,i sket*$ out j n[4 ,let u suppose t1 half-way ?r\gh ! /ory1 !re occurs a /ormy *apt]1 9 :i* ,john & ,m>y qu>rel & "p 9 a sc5e t is r$-hot ) temp] & emotion4 ,x w be desirable to secure a decid$ contra/ 9 ! next *apt]1 to give e "o--read]s z well z lov]s--"t to cool d[n a little2 besides1 y d n foll[ "o emotional sc5e ) ano!r t is equally ov]wr\ght1 or !y weak5 ea* o!r4 ,! au?or w\ld1 !re=e1 aim = some?+ entirely diff]5t 9 ! *apt] foll[+ ! "o t end$ ) ,john viol5tly slamm+ ! hall door1 & ,m>y dr[n+ ! be/ draw+-room cu%ion 9 te>s4 ,we w assume t ! au?or transports ,m>y to ,cairo = *ange ( air2 &1 9 ord] to re/ore ! atmosph]e to normal1 he decides on an int]lude1 entitl$ ,moonlight ,ov] ! ,des]t2 ?is w s]ve z a soo?+ contra/ to ! prec$+ upset4 ,b he w n necess>ily describe ! moonlight himself4 ,if he makes ,m>y describe x 9 a lett] to a fri5d1 or to h] fa!r :o rema9$ at home1 he w be kill+ two birds ) "o /one2 he w be adm9i/]+ a pleasant s$ative1 aft] ! turmoil ( ! lov]s' qu>rel2 also he w be %[+ y h[ ,m>y's temp]am5t responds to ! beauties ( ,nature1 & h[ appreciative %e is ( all t is good & pure & lovely4 ,9 ?is way he w be help+ y to und]/& ,m>y bett]1 & ?us ! ,moonlight ,ov] ! ,des]t *apt] w be contribut+ def9itely to ! ma9 tr5d ( ! book4 ,!n1 aga91 ! au?or may wi% to br+ ! read] back to ! ev]yday happ5+s 9 a light & :imsical mann]1 & he may give y a sc5e %[+ ! v>i\s ladies :o are /ay+ at ! same hotel ) ,m>y 9 ,cairo1 retail+ _! conv]sation1 ) ! usual oddities & hum\rs & irresponsibilities t are to be f\nd 9 ! small-talk ( a mix$ collection ( wom5 at an hotel4 ,9 ?is way he c introduce brightness & a light t\* among m sombre *apt]s4 ,b 9 all probability he w make ! conv]sation s]ve a second purpose2 ,m>y may1 on ?is occasion1 he> ! "n ( ,adolphus ,rob9son = ! fir/ "t1 little realis+ t he is to play an important "p 9 h] life lat] on2 or an ,am]ican visitor may *ance to give details ( h] old *>woman 9 ,milwaukee1 ,elsi5oria's "m1 little kn[+ t ,elsi5oria is ! evil /> 9 ,m>y's horizon1 etc4 ,^! are indications ( ! way an exp]i5c$ au?or c make e incid5t 9 ! /ory dovetail ) some?+ else1 z well z s]ve an atmosph]ic purpose1 i4e41 to *ange ! air f grave to gay1 or f mir? to trag$y4 ,he nev] writes m]ely = ! sake ( cov]+ pap]1 or bridg+ "t2 :]eas ! amateur only too (t5 introduces digressions & irrelevant matt] ) v little reason or app>5t connection1 ap>t f a desire to cov] pap]1 or1 p]haps1 because ! episode came into 8 m9d at t mom5t1 & he ?\ght x 0 int]e/+ 9 itself1 or t x w\ld help to l5g!n ! /ory4 ,sid5ote3 ,nev] lose ,sight ( ! ,climax ,notice1 too1 h[ ! clev] au?or keeps 8 eye on ! climax2 h[ +5i\sly he w make ev]y?+ lead t[>ds t climax2 & h[ he puts on pace z he gets ne>] & ne>] ! goal1 in/ead ( hurry+ on ev5ts at a t]rific rate at ! beg9n+1 !n gett+ sudd5ly becalm$ "p-way ?r\gh1 & mak+ ! trag$y pa9fully long-drawn-out at ! end--z is ! me?od ( _m amateurs6 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,ma9 ,rules apply to all ,/ories1 irrespective ( ,l5g? ,y may tell me t all ?is does n apply to y p]sonally1 z y are n s ambiti\s z to try y\r h& at a book2 y only write %ort /ories4 ,! same rules apply to all /ories1 :e!r #c1jjj or #ajj1jjj words 9 l5g?1 ! diff]5ce be+ t ) a %ort /ory great] cond5sation is necess>y4 ,in/ead ( devot+ a *apt] to "s contra/+ episode1 y w\ld give a p>agraph to x2 & in/ead ( hav+ a doz5 or s second>y *>act]s1 y w\ld be cont5t ) only two or ?ree besides ! h]o & h]o9e1 & ?is 9 itself w\ld r$uce y\r numb] ( m9or episodes & y\r descriptive matt]4 ,:atev] ! l5g? ( y\r /ory1 x is well to rememb] t !re %\ld be "o ma9 idea at ! back ( all 7ap>t f ! w$d+72 also a framework1 to :i* is add$ a c]ta9 am\nt ( second>y matt] t is well-balanc$ & introduc$ ) a def9ite object 9 view2 ! *>act]s mu/ be> a fix$ relation to ! :ole2 & !re mu/ be a climax1 conceal$ f ! read]1 s f> z possible1 till ! la/ mom5t1 b ev]-pres5t 9 ! writ]'s m9d z ! goal t[>ds :i* e incid5t1 inde$ e p>agraph1 9 ! /ory tr5ds4 ,y w f9d x v useful to /udy ! %ort /ories ( ,rudy>d ,kipl+1 ,sir ,james ,b>rie1 & ,mrs4 ,flora ,annie ,/eel4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,necessity = ,c>eful ,plann+ ,/udy+ fiction 9 ?is way is exce$+ly int]e/+1 & wond]fully in/ructive4 ,obvi\sly e au?or has 8 own individual me?ods1 & no two "w 9 exactly ! same way4 ,b if y exam9e ^! ma9 features1 :i* are common to mo/1 y beg9 to realise some?+ ( ! c>eful plann+ & =e?\ght t g to ! mak+ ( a /ory t is to grip its read]s1 & live beyond its fir/ publication flu%4 ,p]haps y may be incl9$ to ?9k t ! be/[al ( su* m9ute c>e on ! details ( a book w\ld t5d to make x artificial & /ilt$2 !re are ^? :o argue t ! r\gh1 slap-da% /yle is ! only me?od by :i* we c cat* ! f9e fr5zy ( g5ius 9 its unadult]at$ =m6 ,b all ,art calls = att5tion to detail2 any?+ t is to la/ mu/ be ! product ( pa9/ak+ ?\ght4 ,life itself is a mass ( detail c>efully plann$ by ! ,ma/]-,m9d4 ,if y /udy y\r own life1 y w be amaz$ to f9d1 z y look back ^u ! pa/1 h[ e happ5+ seems to be "p ( a wond]ful mosaic1 t no?+ really /&s q alone ) no be>+ :atev] on aft] ev5ts4 ,t ! slap-da% me?od is mu* easi] ?an ! c>eful1 ?\ghtful work+-out ( a /ory1 ,i admit4 ,b x does n we>--:y8 because !re is really no body 9 ! "w2 x is all on ! surface1 & !re=e quickly evaporates4 ,t :i* co/s y next to no?+ to produce1 w result 9 next to no?+4 ,( c\rse1 y c elaborate y\r "w1 & add a multitude ( details all app>5tly be>+ on ! /ory1 till ! read]s 7& also ! ma9 features ( ! /ory7 are lo/ 9 a mass ( small-talk & unimportant ev5ts4 ,b ! secret ( all good art is to "k :at to take & :at to leave2 & ! g5ius ( a writ] is evid5c$ 9 ! way he kn[s j :at incid5ts to put d[n 9 ord] to ga9 ! object he has 9 view1 & :at to omit z r$undant1 or unnecess>y to ! direct work+ out ( 8 !me4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,application ,i am n analys+ any novel to give y concrete examples ( ! po9ts ,i h nam$4 ,my object 9 writ+ ^! *apt]s is n s mu* to set d[n facts = y to memorise1 z to help y to f9d out ?+s = y\rself4 ,our own discov]ies are among ! few ?+s ( life t we manage to rememb]4 ,hav+ dissect$ a novel1 & made notes on ! way x 0 con/ruct$1 turn to y\r own "w 7:e!r a long or a %ort /ory71 & see :at y h to %[ 9 ! way ( a ma9 idea1 a good framework1 a purpose = ea* "*1 a reason = ea* incid5t1 well-balanc$ second>y matt]1 ) a /eady cresc5do & accel]&o lead+ to a good climax4 ,i ne$ n po9t out ! application4 ,x is = y to make y\r own /ories pr(it by y\r /udy ( ! me?ods ( ! great writ]s4 ,,"p ,,f\r ,,po9ts ,a ,,writ] ,,ought ,,to ,,note ,beautiful & /rik+ ?\ghts are a common ev]yday occurr5ce2 ! uncommon occurr5ce is to f9d ! p]son :o c r$uce ^? ?\ghts to writ+ 9 su* a mann] z to convey1 exactly to ano!r m9d ! ideas t 7 9 8 own4 ,practice ,prec$es ,publication ,:5 y sit d[n p5 9 h& ) ! int5tion ( writ+ some?+--,,write6 ,?is may seem unnecess>y advice to lead (f )2 b x is surpris+ h[ mu* "t "o c sp5d 9 n writ+1 :5 "o is suppos$ to be engag$ 9 lit]>y "w 7no "o kn[s ?is bett] ?an ,i d74 ,x is s easy to gaze out ( ! w9d[ 9 pleasant m$itation1 lett+ ! ?\ghts w&] ab\t 9 a half-awake1 half-dream+ /ate ( m9d4 ,girls (t5 sit & ?9k all k9ds ( romantic ?+s1 weav+ "o /r& ( ?\ght ) ano!r1 lett+ ! m9d run on indef9itely into space & roam ab\t aimlessly among pleasant s5sations4 ,su* girls sometimes ?9k ?is an indication t !y h ! ability to write a novel2 :]eas x is d\btful :e!r !y c\ld draft a possible plot = ! simple/ ( /ories2 _! bra9 is n suffici5tly discipl9$ to consecutive ?\ght4 ,o!rs are possess$ ( high1 noble impulses2 or !y feel a sudd5 ov]:elm+ s5se ( ! beautiful 9 life2 or a desire to atta9 to "s l(ty ideal2 & =?) !y conclude ?is indicates a poetic gift ( unusual calibre4 ,all su* exp]i5ces are good1 !y are also pl5tiful 7=tunately1 = ! uplift+ ( human nature72 b !y d n imply ! ability to write good poetry1 ev5 ?\gh !y prove exce$+ly useful to a poet4 ,sid5ote3 ,beautiful ,?\ghts d n ,gu>antee ,beautiful ,writ+ ,mo/ beg9n]s ?9k t ! ma9 ess5tial = a writ] is a fair-siz$ /ock ( beautiful or /rik+ ?\ghts2 b x is q z important to "k h[ to write d[n ^? ?\ghts4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 beautiful & /rik+ ?\ghts are ( common1 ev]yday occurr5ce2 ! uncommon occurr5ce is to f9d ! p]son :o c r$uce ^? ?\ghts to writ+ 9 su* a mann] z to convey1 exactly1 to ano!r m9d ! ideas t 7 9 8 own4 ,b h[ ought ,i to />t ) writ+8 ! novice sometimes asks4 ,!re seems s mu* to say1 yet x is difficult to "k :]e to beg94 ,:5 a /ud5t comm5ces ! /udy ( ,art he does n beg9 ) ! pa9t+ ( "s big1 involv$ subject1 su* z ,a ,sc5e f ,hamlet4 ,he sp5ds "s ye>s work+ at little bits & mak+ /udies4 ,he practises on a pr(ile1 or a h&1 or ! bran*es ( a tree2 he w sket* & re-sket* a *ild's head1 or "o figure2 he w "w away at a few rose-petals or an apple--always endeav\r+ to r5d] small pieces ( "w well1 r ?an l>ge pieces indiff]5tly4 ,:5 a great arti/ />ts "w on an ,academy picture1 he does n comm5ce at "o side ( ! canvas & "w "r across to ! o!r side till ! picture is f9i%$4 ,he does n necess>ily beg9 8 ma/]piece by pa9t+ on ! canvas at all4 ,z a rule1 he makes a r\gh-out ( 8 idea 7m ?an "o1 v (t571 m]ely block+ 9 ! figures1 arrang+ & re-arrang+ ! position ( ! ma9 items1 !n assign+ ! details to _! prop] places1 till he gets all prop]ly balanc$1 & to 8 lik+4 ,!n he dissects ! picture-t-is-to-be1 mak+ sep>ate /udies ( ! figures1 sometimes mak+ sev]al draw+s ( an arm1 or a piece ( drap]y1 or a bit ( =egr\nd1 exp5d+ inf9ite c>e & "w on fragm5ts1 & mak+ doz5s ( sket*es be=e a /roke is put on ! canvas itself4 ,?us y see bo? ! novice & ! ma/] specialise on detail be=e !y tackle a piece ( "w z a :ole4 ,"s ( ! /udies made by fam\s arti/s = _! important pictures are positive gems1 & help u to und]/& some?+ ( ! imm5se am\nt ( ?\ght & prep>ation t g to ! mak+ ( any "w ( art t is to live4 ,! /ud5t :o is tra9+ = au?or%ip mu/ "w on ! same l9es4 ,all too (t5 ! amateur />ts by putt+ d[n ! fir/ s5t5ce ( a /ory or an article1 & !n writes /raight on to ! v end1 )\t any prelim9>y r\gh-out or sep>ate /udy ( detail2 & ! result is a %apeless mass ( words1 lack+ balance & v>iety1 & ei!r )\t any climax1 or ) two or ?ree too _m4 ,sid5ote3 ,x simply ,came6 ,:5 (f]+ a ,,ms4 = publication1 ! writ] w (t5 tell me--z ?\gh x 7 some?+ to be pr\d (--,i m]ely sat d[n1 & )\t any previ\s ?\ght1 wrote ! :ole ( ?is /ory f beg9n+ to end4 ,x simply came4 ,"o c only reply3 ,x reads l x6 ,i h be=e me a lett] & ,,ms4 f a w\ld-be contributor1 :o writes3 ,i j da%$ ?is (f z x fir/ came into my head4 ,i d s love scribbl+1 & ,i simply c't help jott+ ?+s d[n :5 ! fit takes me4 ,?is is v well to a limit$ ext5t4 ,!re are times :5 all au?ors j da% ?+s (f :5 ! fit takes !m2 b1 if !y h any s5se 7& no "o succe$s z a writ] if !y h n7 !y d n reg>d ! da%$-(f scribble z ! f9al product1 & ru% ) x to a publi%]4 ,mu* ability may be evid5c$ 9 a hurri$ jot-d[n ( ?is type2 & if writt5 by a ma/] h&1 x may be useful z an object lesson1 %[+ h[ a clev] au?or makes 8 prelim9>y /udies2 b z a f9i%$ piece ( "w x is ( little value1 = ! simple reason t x is n f9i%$4 ,( c\rse1 ! great] ! writ] ! less revision w 8 da%$-(f-scribble ne$1 because exp]i5ce & practice h taught him to "k almo/ by in/9ct :at to put d[n & :at to omit4 ,nev]!less1 he is c]ta9 to g ov] x aga91 mak+ alt]ations & additions1 be=e s5d+ x out to ! read+ public4 ,be=e y c hope to write any?+ wor? publication 7mu* less wor? paym5t71 y w require consid]able practice 9 actual writ+4 ,directly a beg9n] puts on pap] a little /udy 9 obs]vation1 or collects "s facts f v>i\s already-publi%$ books1 or induces twelve or sixte5 l9es ( equal l5g?s to rhyme alt]nately 7rhymes sometimes omitt$1 h[ev]1 9 :i* case ! l9es are /yl$ blank v]se71 t beg9n] inv>iably s5ds along ! ,,ms4 to an editor1 & is surpris$1 or griev$--accord+ to temp]am5t--:5 x is n accept$4 ,few w\ld-be au?ors realise t :at may be good z a /udy or an ex]cise1 is n necess>ily ( ! slighte/ use to ! g5]al public4 ,&1 aft] all1 ! f9al te/ ( our "w is its use to ! public4 ,if ! public w n take x1 x may j z well rema9 unwritt5 7unless we are will+ to reg>d x z practice only71 = x is c]ta9 our acqua9tances w n li/5 :ile we read our decl9$ ,,mss4 al\d to !m6 ,b :y %\ldn't ! public buy my fir/ attempt8 "s "o w ask4 ,sid5ote3 ,:y fir/ attempts h r>ely any ,m>ket ,value ,! public seldom is will+ to pay "s "o else = :at x c d q z well itself4 ,& mo/ p h made fir/ attempts at writ+4 ,r>e inde$ is ! p]son :o has n lab\r$ out an essay1 or dream$ a wond]ful love /ory1 or put toge!r a few v]ses4 ,9 ! ma91 all fir/ attempts be> a /rong family lik5ess "o to ! o!r1 & ?\gh ! g5]al public may n /op to analyse its own motives1 ! tru? is1 x w n buy immature "w z a rule1 because x feels x c produce writ+ equally immature4 ,= ?is reason 7among o!r ?+s7 fir/ attempts h r>ely any m>ket value--unless y h be5 dead at lea/ fifty ye>s & h acquir$ fame 9 ! int]val6 ,( c\rse !re is always ! remote *ance t a g5ius may arise1 ^: fir/ attempt eclipses ev]y?+ else on ! m>ket2 b z ,i h said be=e1 we ne$ n worry ab\t t exceptional p]son1 s9ce "s "o has e/imat$ t n m ?an two are born 9 any g5]ation4 ,& ev5 ^! two h to be divid$ betwe5 a numb] ( arts & sci5ces2 !y are n devot$ exclusively to lit]ature6 ,! av]age writ] ^: books h made 8 "n fam\s1 _h to write mu* by way ( practice1 be=e any ( x f\nd a pay+ m>ket4 ,& we humbl] folk mu/ n be above do+ likewise4 ,beg9 to tra9 y\rself 9 writ+ by mak+ /udies1 9 words1 j z ! art /ud5t makes !m 9 l9e or wa%4 ,make /udies ( "*1 ( sc5]y1 ( temp]am5t1 ( dialogue--( any?+ t comes to y\r notice & int]e/s y4 ,to make a "* /udy ( someone y "k intimately1 or ) :om y are 9 daily contact1 is a useful ex]cise--b ,i don't advise y to read x to !m aft]w>ds1 t is if y feel y h be5 q frank 9 y\r writ+1 & y value _! fri5d%ip6 ,aim to make ea* /udy a little ^w-picture1 embody+ "s idea1 or reproduc+ "s trait1 or conv]sation1 or incid5t4 ,b d n be 9 too great a hurry to emb>k on a l5g?y or involv$ piece ( "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,/yle ( ,writ+ %\ld ,v>y ,accord+ to ! ,subject-,matt] ,practise v>i\s /yles ( writ+--s]i\s1 conv]sational1 gay1 didactic1 colloquial1 etc42 & see t ! /yle corresponds ) y\r subject-matt]4 ,wat* good au?ors ) ?is latt] po9t 9 view4 ,= example1 ! /yle ( writ+ 9 ,kipl+'s ,b>rack ,room ,ballads is n ! /yle he us$ :5 writ+ ,! ,recessional4 ,(t5 sev]al /yles ( writ+ are necess>y 9 "o /ory1 if we are introduc+ contra/s 9 *>act]s or 9 sc5es4 ,& ?\gh we may ?9k t "o /yle is peculi>ly our own1 x is mo/ desirable t we %\ld write j z readily 9 any /yle4 ,?is gives v>iety & col\r to our "w2 also x r$uces ! risk ( our acquir+ mann]isms1 :i* are g5]ally tiresome to o!r p1 ?\gh we are bl&ly unconsci\s ( !m ourselves4 ,b be sure t y d n appe> to =ce an effect2 d n make an ef=t to be light-he>t$1 = in/ance1 or ov]do ! sombre tone "o w\ld use at a fun]al4 ,s9c]ity %\ld und]lie all y\r writ+s2 !y %\ld c>ry ! conviction ) !m t :at y say happ5$1 actually did happ51 & 0 n inv5t$ by y m]ely to height5 ! gaiety or deep5 ! gloom1 z ! case may be4 ,9 ord] to make y\r /yle s9c]e & conv9c+1 y mu/ /udy life itself1 n take y\r models f o!r p's books4 ,if y are to write 9 a joy\s /yle t w infect o!rs ) y\r *e]9ess1 y mu/ enjoy mu* ( life 7if n all ( x7 y\rself1 & be able to ent] into o!r p's enjoym5t4 ,if y are to make y\r read]s feel ! grief t surr\nd$ ! fun]al ( :i* y write 9 y\r /ory1 y mu/ h %>$ 9 sorr[ & sympa?is$ ) o!rs 9 !irs4 ,once y ent] into ! v _s ( ea* happ5+1 y w f9d y\r /yle w soon %ape itself accord+ to ! situation4 ,y w use ! "r words & expressions j z y w\ld 7 y fac+ ! situation 9 real life1 )\t hav+ to /op to ?9k out :at is be/ suit$ to ! occasion4 ,b ! beg9n] has to le>n to be natural :5 writ+2 t is "o ( 8 h>de/ tasks1 ,i (t5 ?9k2 & he sometimes ne$s consid]able practice be=e he acquires ! p[] to write exactly z he ?9ks & speaks1 & convey precisely :at he himself feels4 ,!re=e practise y\r p5 p>ticul>ly 9 ?is direction if y f9d x an ef=t to be natural on pap]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,ne$ = ,cond5sation ,all beg9n]s ne$ to practise cond5sation2 our t5d5cy :ile we are inexp]i5c$ is to be diffuse1 & to ov]-load our subject ) unimportant explanations or irrelevant side-issues4 ,x w help y if1 aft] a f9i%$ piece ( writ+ has be5 put aside = a few days1 y g ov] x ) a fre% m9d1 & delete ev]y?+--s+le words or :ole s5t5ces--t c be omitt$ )\t less5+ ! =ce or ! picturesque quality ( y\r writ+1 or blurr+ y\r mean+4 ,= example3--,if ! h]o's gr&fa!r has no be>+ on ! developm5t ( ! /ory 7& y are n seek+ to prove h]$it>y t5d5cies71 sp>e u 8 biography4 ,d n tell ! read]1 ,x is impossible to describe ! sc5e1 if y /raightway proce$ to describe x4 ,x is wa/e ( space to write1 ,x 0 a dull1 gloomy1 *e]less ,novemb] day2 "o takes x = grant$ t a gloomy ,novemb] day is dull1 likewise *e]less4 ,if ! col\r ( ! h]o9e's eyes & ! t9t ( h] hair are immat]ial to h] c>e]1 omit su* hackney$ data4 ,( c\rse ^! matt]s may be important--if ! lady is ! villa9ess1 = in/ance4 ,i h notic$ t x seems ess5tial ! wick$ female %\ld h r$ hair & gre5 eyes1 :ile ! angel has violet 7or grey7 eyes1 ) long sweep+ la%es--9 novels1 at any rate4 ,i _c be s c]ta9 ab\t real life1 = ,i h nev] met an out-&-out villa9ess 9 ! fle%2 ?\gh ,i h kn[n sev]al really nice girls1 :o 7 a joy to _! ag$ & decrepit p>5ts1 & :o m>ri$ ! "r man into ! b>ga9--& all ?is on m]e m\se-col\r$ hair1 nondescript eyebr[s1 & complexions v]g+ on sall[6 ,if1 aft] consid]ation1 y are b\nd to admit t x w make no diff]5ce to ! work+ out ( ! /ory1 nor to its g5]al int]e/1 if y omit "s su* trivial description1 or a ^w or a phrase1 take x out2 its deletion w probably improve ! ,,ms4 ,9 su* a matt]1 h[ev]1 x is v difficult = u to judge our own "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,que/ ( ! ,"r ,^w ,z a useful ex]cise 9 ! art ( cond5sation1 practise describ+ incid5ts z =cefully z y c1 us+ ! fewe/ possible s5t5ces4 ,?is w also tra9 y to select ! ^w t be/ describes y\r idea4 ,y w soon realise t ! "o "r ^w 7& !re is always "o "r ^w = e occasion7 c>ries m conviction ) x ?an half-a-doz5 words :5 nei!r is exactly x4 ,! able writ] is n ! "o :o uses _m words1 b he :o inv>iably uses ! exact ^w4 ,x is safe to say t1 z a g5]al rule1 ! m y increase y\r adjectives1 & qualify+ or explanatory phrases1 ! m y decrease ! /r5g? & vividness ( y\r writ+4 ,sid5ote3 ,mak+ ,plots ,! /ud5t %\ld practise sket*+ out plots4 ,?is is a v fasc9at+ occupation1 & all seems to g easily "h--until y exam9e !m6 ,!n y may be less elat$4 ,:5 y h complet$ ! plot to y\r own satisfaction1 look at x c>efully 9 ord] to discov] if y h1 by any *ance1 us$ an idea or a !me t has be5 us$ by "s "o else be=e y4 ,?is is a pa9ful process1 =1 z a rule1 "o's mo/ admir$ plot crumbles to no?+ "u ?is te/6 ,if y are q hone/ ab\t x1 y w be oblig$ to confess--until y h _h a fair am\nt ( practice--t y\r plots are no?+ m ?an o!r p's plots re-%uffl$4 ,d n delude y\rself by say+ t y w treat x diff]5tly4 ,p]haps y w2 b y w /& m *ance ( success if y det]m9e to get a new plot t has n be5 us$ be=e1 & treat t diff]5tly4 ,! lack ( any new idea or orig9ality 9 ! plot is ! cause ( ?\s&s ( ,,mss4 be+ turn$ d[n ea* ye>4 ,_m amateurs seem to ?9k t ! plot is ( next to no importance1 :]eas x is ! f\ndation ^u :i* y raise ! sup]/ructure2 if !re is no /r5g? 9 ! f\ndation1 ! upp] "p is likely to be tott]y4 ,sid5ote3 ,le>n+ & ,clev]ness mu/ n be ,obtrusive ,until y />t to s*eme out plots1 y h no idea h[ mu* !re c be 7b (t5 is n67 9 ?is "p ( an au?or's bus9ess4 ,d n reg>d y\r writ+ z a m$ium = ! exhibition ( y\r own clev]ness4 ,nev] try to %[ (f y\r own le>n+ or to impress ! read] ) y\r own brilliancy4 ,e>ly amateur ef=ts (t5 bri/le ) quotations1 =eign words1 /ilt$ phrases1 p$antic rem>ks1 or ref]5ces to classical p]sonages4 ,! reason = ?is is cle>2 :5 ! amateur writes he inv>iably sees himself z ! *ief object ( int]e/ 9 ! =egr\nd1 r ?an 8 subject-matt]4 ,almo/ unconsci\sly ! back ( 8 m9d is fill$ ) ! ?\ght1 ,:at w ! public ?9k ( ,,me :5 !y read ?is8 ,consequ5tly he does all 9 8 p[] to impress ! public1 & 8 relations & fri5ds 7& by no means =gett+ 8 enemies7 ) 8 atta9m5ts & unusual k4 ,we are all ( u l ?is :5 we />t4 ,b z we ga9 exp]i5ce--n m]ely exp]i5ce 9 writ+1 b t wide exp]i5ce ( ! _w & human nature1 :i* is su* a valuable asset to ! writ]--we come to realise t ! public pay v little he$ to a writ] p]sonally 7until he or %e becomes ov]-p[]+ly fam\s72 x is ! subject-matt] ( a book t !y tr\ble ab\t1 & ! way t subject-matt] is treat$4 ,read]s d n c>e 9 ! lea/ if an au?or c read ,hafiz 9 ! orig9al 7unless he is actually writ+ ab\t ,p]sian poetry1 ( c\rse72 b !y d c>e if he has writt5 a bright1 absorb+ /ory t holds _! int]e/ f fir/ to la/1 or a helpful illum9at+ article on "s topic t appeals to !m4 ,!re=e1 :y make a special opportunity to drag 9 ,hafiz1 or "s "o equally irrelevant1 :5 he is b vaguely relat$ to ! subject 9 h&1 or possibly is q sup]flu\s8 ,d n ?9k ,i mean by ?is t a k ( languages & ! classics is immat]ial or unnecess>y = ! writ]4 ,q ! rev]se4 ,! m k we acquire ( ev]y?+ wor? kn[+ 7& /&>d lit]ature is ! great /oreh\se ( k7 ! bett] equipp$ we are = "w1 & ! great] our *ance ( success4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,well-,in=m$ ,man does n use 8 ,le>n+ = ,%[ ,purposes ,b rememb] ?is3 ! really well-in=m$ man does n use 8 le>n+ = %[ purposes4 ,k %\ld n be employ$ = sup]ficial ornam5tation4 ,x mu/ be s wov5 into ! /r&s ( our ev]yday life1 t x becomes z mu* a "p ( u z ! food we eat & ! air we brea!4 ,our read+ %\ld n be made to adv]tise our intellectual /&+4 ,we d n read ,plato & ,%akespe>e & ,dante t we may be able to quote !m1 & ?us let o!rs "k we are famili> ) !m4 ,we read !m 9 ord] to get a wid] outlook on life2 to see ?+s f m ?an "o po9t ( view2 to look into m9ds t are bigg] ?an our own2 to le>n great facts & problems ( life t might n o!rwise come our way1 yet are necess>y = u to "k1 if we are to see human nature 9 "r p]spective4 ,9 %ort1 we /udy great au?ors 9 ord] to arrive at a bett] und]/&+ ( our neighb\r2 "s take u f>!r ?an ?is1 & help u to a bett] und]/&+ ( ,god & ,8 ,univ]se4 ,if we are read+ ! classics ) any less] aim1 we are miss+ a great deal4 ,! k we absorb f su* read+ %\ld "w out to some?+ f> great] ?an a few quotations6 ,x %\ld affect our ?\ghts & our life itself 7:i* obvi\sly includes our writ+71 because x has help$ u to cle>]1 altoge!r l>g] ideas ( ?is _w ( ours & ! p :o are 9 x4 ,su* k w make its m>k on our writ+ 9 e direction1 giv+ x dep? & bread?--i4e41 we %all see bel[ ! surface in/ead ( only record+ ! obvi\s2 & take big views in/ead ( indulg+ 9 pu]ilities & pett9ess4 ,likewise x %\ld make u m tol]ant & sympa!tic & l>ge-m9d$1 kn[+ t life is n always :at x seems4 ,& x may help u to accuracy--a virtue ( priceless wor? to ! writ]4 ,( c\rse1 ! k acquir$ f ! read+ ( great books does n take ! place ( ! k we ga9 by mix+ ) liv+ p2 we ne$ ! "o z mu* z ! o!r4 ,b x is a wond]ful help 9 enl>g+ our p[] ( ?9k+1 & ! scope ( our ?\ghts2 & x op5s our eyes to mu* 9 ! _w ar\nd u t we might o!rwise miss4 ,s mu* by way ( precept4 ,n[ = an example ( ! type ( writ+ t is ov]load$ ) le>n+4 ,"s ye>s ago1 :5 ,i 0 assi/ant-editor ( ! ,w9dsor ,magaz9e1 a girl1 :o _h tak5 h] ,b4,a41 came to me ) an urg5t reque/ t ,i w\ld help h] to a />t 9 j\rnalism4 ,if only ,i w\ld give h] ! smalle/ op5+1 %e 0 sure %e w\ld get on2 %e 0 will+ to try h] h& at any?+1 if only--etc4 ,at ! mom5t we 7 propos+ to publi% an article on ! ne>ly ext9ct ,london ,cabby4 ,i _h already arrang$ ) "s typical cabm5 to be at a c]ta9 cab-%elt] on a giv5 day1 to be int]view$4 ,z ?is girl 0 s ke5 to try h] h& at writ+ up a giv5 subject1 ,i ask$ h] if %e w\ld c>e to tackle ! ,cabm5 article1 expla9+ t we want$ a simple /raight=w>d acc\nt ( _! "w & exp]i5ces1 ! v>i\s drawbacks ( ! pr(ession1 any curiosities 9 ! way ( pass5g]s !y _h come across1 & simil> p>ticul>s calculat$ to ar\se public int]e/ 9 ! m54 ,%e 0 *>m$ ) ! idea1 & grateful = ! *ance to get a />t4 ,& %e said %e q und]/ood ! simple1 *atty /yle ( article ,i want$4 ,a week lat] ! article arriv$4 ,& oh1 h[ t girl _h slav$ ov] x1 too2 x seem$ to me %e _h tri$ to include 9 x ev]y?+ %e knew6 ,x />t$ ) an eight-l9e ,greek quotation4 ,x gave hi/orical details ( ! city ( ,london2 !re 7 ref]5ces to ,roman *>iote]s & ! ,olympic games1 extracts f ,*auc] & o!r au?ors equally respectable4 ,inde$1 !re seem$ to be some?+ ( ev]y?+ 9 ! article--except+ in=mation ab\t ! cabm54 ,:at little %e _h writt5 ab\t !m1 poor m51 0 swamp$ by ! display ( h] own k4 ,yet x 0 difficult to make h] und]/& t !re 0 some?+ incongru\s 9 ! association ( brok5-d[n old cabm5 ) a ,greek extract2 t ! "o topic creat$ a false atmosph]e = ! o!r2 :ile equally x 0 unsuitable to introduce ,greek into a g5]al magaz9e1 see+ t ! l>g] proportion ( ! gr[n-ups among ! read+ public _h =gott5 all ! ,greek !y ev] knew4 ,unpractis$ j\rnali/s are apt to ov]load _! articles ) data t has no imm$iate connection ) ! subject 9 h&1 ev5 ?\gh x may be di/antly relat$4 ,su* inclusions (t5 weak5 ! :ole1 z !y confuse r ?an enlight5 ! read]4 ,"o o!r caution is necess>y4 ,avoid quot+ f o!r p's writ+s4 ,) "s amateurs ?is am\nts to a mo/ irritat+ mania4 ,n[ & !n1 an apt quotation may s]ve to en=ce a po9t1 b ! beg9n] %\ld be sp>+ 9 _! use4 ,rememb] t p1 z a rule1 d n c>e to pay = :at !y h already read else:]e6 ,also1 a publi%] only reckons to pur*ase orig9al matt] 7ap>t f books t are av[$ly compilations74 ,9 any case1 y are n ga9+ practice 9 orig9al writ+ if y are m]ely copy+ out :at "s "o else has writt54 ,! ,read] ,mu/ ,be ,int]e/$ ,! fir/ ess5tial 9 any publication is t x %all int]e/ p1 especially ! p :o1 x is hop$1 w buy x4 ,e book does n appeal to ! same type ( read]2 b e book %\ld appeal to "s type ( read]1 & x %\ld int]e/ t type ( read]1 or x w prove a failure4 ,?is does n necess>ily mean t x mu/ keep ! read] wr\ght up to a high pit* ( excitem5t1 or squirm+ ) laught]1 or ba!d 9 te>s--?\gh a judici\s mixture ( ^! ?+s may contribute mu* to ! success ( y\r "w4 ,x means t :at y propose to tell p mu/ be some?+ !y w want to he>2 & :5 y />t to tell x to !m1 y mu/ tell x 9 su* a way t !y w be ke5 = y to cont9ue4 ,beg9n]s (t5 ?9k ! ma9 po9t is _! own int]e/ 9 :at !y write4 ,x is c]ta9ly desirable t we ourselves %\ld be int]e/$ 9 :at we write1 o!rwise ! *ances are x w n be wor? read+2 b x is /ill m important t :at we write %\ld int]e/ o!r p4 ,i h kn[n a book to sell well1 ?\gh ! au?or 0 ?or\ghly bor$ :5 writ+ x2 b ,i h nev] kn[n a book to sell well if ! public 7 ?or\ghly bor$ :5 try+ to read x6 ,sid5ote3 ,if y\r ,writ+s d n ,grip1 !y w n ,sell ,& ?is necessity = int]e/+ ! read] applies to e class ( writ+4 ,x is useless to write a sci5tific treatise 9 su* a dull way t ! /ud5t is n suffici5tly attract$ to read ! second *apt]2 x is useless to write a religi\s article 9 su* a /]eotyp$1 conv5tional mann] t nobody gets beyond ! second p>agraph1 & ev]ybody is q will+ to take ! re/ z read2 x is useless to write su* vague insipid v]se t ! read] does n ev5 take ! tr\ble to f9d out :at x is all ab\t2 & x is useless to write feeble fiction t l&s ! read] n[h]e 9 p>ticul>1 at ! end ( sev]al *apt]s4 ,if y _c grip1 & !n hold1 ! read]'s att5tion1 y\r writ+s w n be read4 ,& if !y are n read1 !y w n sell4 ,y may ?9k ?is la/ rem>k a backw>d way ( putt+ x1 & t a book mu/ sell be=e x c be read4 ,b sev]al p read x be=e a copy is actually sold1 & (t5 a good deal dep5ds on ! v]dict ( ^! p4 ,x is read by ! publi%]1 or 8 editor 7sometimes sev]al ( !m72 if !y decide t x does n int]e/ !m1 & t x is n likely to int]e/ ! public--:]e are y8 ,ev5 if y det]m9e1 aft] y\r ,,ms4 has be5 decl9$ by a few doz5 publi%]s1 to pay = its publication y\rself1 & 9 ?is way get x into pr9t1 !re are ! review]s to be ?\ght (2 %\ld !y be ( ! same op9ion z ! publi%]s :o decl9$ x1 & f9d x s lack+ 9 int]e/ t !y nev] tr\ble to f9i% x1 & ignore x entirely 9 _! review columns--t1 aga91 is un=tunate = y6 ,among o!r p :o may read x1 !re are ! publi%]'s travell]s4 ,if x fails to int]e/ !m !y c h>dly gr[ s en?usia/ic ov] x1 :5 display+ x to ! booksell]1 z !y d ov] ano!r book t kept !m sitt+ up all night to f9i% x6 ,m ?an ?is1 a ke51 intellig5t booksell] reads _m ( ! books on 8 c\nt]1 9 ord] t he may "k :at to recomm5d 8 cu/om]s :5 !y ask him = a book ( a def9ite type4 ,inde$1 he is (t5 suppli$ ) advance copies by ! publi%]4 ,if he f9ds a volume engross+1 y may rely on 8 introduc+ x to 8 cu/om]s2 & if ! pur*as]s ( ! e>lie/ copies are captivat$ by x1 !y w c]ta9ly talk ab\t x & urge _! acqua9tances to read x1 & s5d x to _! fri5ds on dates :5 gifts are due4 ,?us y see a book really mu/ be read be=e x has a *ance ( any sale4 ,beg9n]s (t5 ?9k ! all-important ?+ is to get _! ,,ms4 set up 9 type2 t once x is publi%$ ! public w buy x & read x z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,b ! public won't1 unless x int]e/s !m4 ,& no matt] h[ mu* money an au?or may be able to exp5d on ! production ( a book1 x w br+ him little satisfaction if t book does n sell1 & he sees ! major portion ( ! edition ev5tually cle>$ out z a rema9d]1 or dump$ 9 /acks on 8 door-/ep1 :5 ! publi%] c give x %elf-room no long]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,p]sonal ,outlook mu/ be ,tak5 into ,acc\nt ,to int]e/ p y mu/ write on subjects ( :i* !y "k some?+1 or subjects :i* 9 "s way make an appeal to !m4 ,y seldom succe$ 9 int]e/+ !m if y write ( ?+s q outside _! usual range ( ?\ght or ideals or aspirations4 ,to ensure "s att5tion f y\r audi5ce1 x is imp]ative t ?is matt] ( p]sonal outlook be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,a subject may be ( en?rall+ int]e/ to y1 b if x is n 9 any way likely to int]e/ y\r read]s f a p]sonal /&po9t--if x has no connection ) _! spiritual or mat]ial life1 if x makes no appeal to !m on ! score ( beauty1 if !y _c by any /ret* ( imag9ation see !mselves 9 a lead+ "p--!n x is risky to make t ! subject ( an e>ly article or book4 ,:5 y are well-e/abli%$1 & recognis$ z a capable writ]1 y c take y\r *ance ) any exotic subject y please2 b ,i d n advise x at ! beg9n+ ( y\r c>e]4 ,?is does n mean t out-(-!-way subjects %\ld nev] be *os54 ,obvi\sly life w\ld be deadly monoton\s if we 7 always trott+ r\nd ! same circle4 ,novelty is mo/ desirable2 monotony is fatal to success4 ,b x mu/ be novelty t is l9k$ 9 "s way ) ! read]'s life4 ,let u suppose y are absorb$ 9 ! /udy ( a c]ta9 new g]m--a g]m t is responsible = mu* mortality among tadpoles4 ,n only h y discov]$ ! exi/5ce ( ?is g]m b y h tak5 its "n & address1 inspect$ its bir? c]tificate1 secur$ its photograph1 insi/$ on kn[+ its age & :]e ! family g to s*ool1 asc]ta9$ its av]age food ration1 not$ its climatic pref]5ces1 & _m o!r useful facts4 ,all ?is w\ld be v int]e/+ to p]sons :o are re>+ frogs2 b z su* p are few 9 numb]1 x w\ld sc>cely attract ! bulk ( ! read+ public1 h5ce y c\ld n expect a book on ! subject to h a l>ge sale2 nor w\ld an article be likely to f9d a re/+ place 9 a magaz9e or newspap] t aim$ to attract ! g5]al public4 ,! subject w\ld h no int]e/ = ! majority ( p1 because once we h left our unsci5tific y\? beh9d1 tadpoles are g5]ally z remote f our life z ! ,nor? ,pole4 ,b1 suppose y sudd5ly discov] t ^! same g]ms are communicat$ by tadpoles to wat]-cress1 & !re=e directly responsible = hay fev] or :oop+-c\gh 7or some?+ equally conclusive72 y w f9d ! g5]al public all att5tion 9 an in/ant1 s9ce wat]-cress & :oop+-c\gh make a p]sonal claim on mo/ ( u4 ,& 9 t case y\r writ+s w\ld f9d a m>ket at once4 ,sid5ote3 ,a ,novel mu/ h ,grit ,some:]e 9 its ,composition ,! same rul+ applies to fiction4 ,/udy any successful noveli/1 & y w see h[ 8 k ( ! ?+s t appeal to m5 & wom5 guid$ him 9 ! *oice ( a subject1 & 8 mann] ( pres5t+ x4 ,"s beg9n]s ?9k a peculi> plot1 or a biz>re backgr\nd1 or an ecc5tric subject is m likely to comm& att5tion ?an famili> topics2 b t dep5ds entirely on :at !re is 9 x likely to appeal to ! read] & rivet 8 att5tion4 ,m]e ecc5tricity or peculi>ity w n 9 itself ensure ! read]'s p]man5t int]e/2 beh9d ! ext]nals !re mu/ be some?+ ) m grit 9 x4 ,:ile newness ( idea is mu* to be desir$1 & a break+-away f hackney$ sc5es & types %\ld be aim$ =1 !re mu/ be a /rong und]ly+ l9k to connect ! unusual idea ) ! read]'s sympa?ies & m5tal attitude4 ,y may lay ! sc5e ( y\r /ory 9 ! ,/one ,age1 or make y\r h]o & h]o9e "s nev]-he>d-(-be=e dwell]s 9 ! moon2 b unless y c int]weave "s fundam5tal human trait1 or "s s\l long+ t w make su* a /ory und]/&able to ord9>y humanity1 x w n int]e/ av]age read]s1 s9ce !y "k v little ab\t ! ta/es & mann]s & cu/oms ( ! folks :o liv$ 9 ! ,/one ,age2 nei!r are !y likely to be at all conv9c$1 nor p>ticul>ly excit$1 because y tell !m c]ta9 circum/ances ab\t be+s1 said to be 9 ! moon1 :o c\ld nev] possibly come _! way4 ,sid5ote3 ,m]e ,ecc5tricity w n hold ! ,public ,ev5 ?\gh a few p may at fir/ be attract$ by "s ecc5tricity on y\r "p 7&1 aft] all1 if we only %riek l\d en\gh1 "s "o is c]ta9 to turn r\nd & look at u71 !re is no la/+ quality 9 su* me?ods ( cat*+ att5tion4 ,a tr\pe ( pi]rots at ! seaside may get !mselves up 9 a g>b biz>re en\gh to give po9ts to ! cubi/s2 b unless !y also provide a fair programme1 !y w n reta9 an audi5ce4 ,aft] ! fir/ glance at _! peculi>ities1 ! public w /roll f>!r along ! p>ade to ! mu* pla9]-look+ company1 if t company provide a bett] ent]ta9m5t4 ,!re mu/ be body 9 ! goods y (f] ! public1 ap>t f qualities t are only sup]ficial1 su* z a weird or unusual sett+4 ,9 "s cases an au?or's /rong appeal to human int]e/ has ev5 borne him al(t ov] actual defects4 ,sid5ote3 ,:y ,fame has sometimes ,ov]look$ ,defects ,! v]ses ( ,ann & ,jane ,taylor c\ld nev] be call$ poetry2 yet mo/ ( ! incid5ts record$ t\* a sympa!tic *ord 9 e *ild's life1 & ea* moral emphasises exactly ! claims ( ju/ice t are recognis$ ) surpris+ cle>ness by ev5 ! y\nge/2 h5ce ! poems h a p]sonal int]e/ = any normal1 heal?y-m9d$ *ild4 ,&1 9 consequ5ce1 !y h liv$ = ov] a hundr$ ye>s4 ,9 c]ta9 ( 8 books ,rusk9 wrote mu* ab\t pictures--pictures t c\ld only int]e/ a small proportion ( ! g5]al public1 because s few are able to g & see ! pictures 9 ! ,cont95tal *ur*es & gall]ies4 ,moreov]1 "s ( 8 art criticism is consid]$ wor?less by _m arti/s4 ,yet ,rusk9 has be51 & /ill is1 univ]sally read4 ,:y8 ,because1 9 addition to 8 errone\s e/imate ( c]ta9 arti/s1 & 8 prejudices aga9/ o!rs1 & 8 rem>ks ab\t unfamili> pictures _m ( 8 read]s h nev] se51 he cont9ually t\*$ on matt]s 9 :i* we all h a v p]sonal int]e/--our duty to ,god1 our relations to our fell[-m51 ! inn] work+s ( our m9d1 ! problems ( ! s\l1 ! beauties & messages ( ,nature1 & scores ( o!r topics t are ( ! ke5e/ int]e/ to e ?\ghtful p]son4 ,rusk9 himself compla9$ t p did n read him = :at he _h to say1 b = ! way 9 :i* he said x4 ,yet he 0 n q correct 9 ?is4 ,p read him = some?+ besides 8 /yle2 !y (t5 read him = ! side issues1 ! comm5ts by ! way1 ! little vignettes & p5-pictures ( sc5]y1 ! great tru?s embodi$ 9 a few s5t5ces--matt]s t /rike home to u all1 ev5 :5 ! ma9 purport ( a book may appeal only to a few4 ,hav+ recognis$ ! ne$ = int]e/+ ! read]1 decide next ! means by :i* y hope to d ?is4 ,sid5ote3 ,decide ! ,means by :i* y w ,endeav\r to ,int]e/ ,x may be a m]ry j+le nons5se rhymes t y int5d %all please by _! v absurdity2 or x may be ! voic+ ( "s trag$y haunt+ _m human lives t y rely on to t\* ! human he>t2 or ! description ( "s sc5e ( beauty t y feel w be ! ma9 attraction ( y\r writ+2 or p]haps x is ! unselfi%ness ( ! h]o1 ! /rong c\rage ( ! h]o9e1 or ! +5uity ( ! villa9 t is to be its out/&+ feature4 ,:atev] x may be--keep x well 9 view1 & always "w up to x4 ,! tr\ble ) s _m amateurs is _! t5d5cy to =get1 be=e !y are half-way ?r\gh _! ,,ms41 ! ideas ) :i* !y />t$6 ,sid5ote3 ,settle on ,y\r ,audi5ce ,! class ( read] :om y hope to attract is ano!r po9t to be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,! lit]ature t appeals to ! factory girl is n ! type calculat$ to en?use ! bus9ess man2 ! book t delights ! ,nature lov] might be vot$ insuff]ably dull by ! woman :o likes to fancy h]self indisp5sable to sm>t society4 ,:ile we d n1 z a rule1 write only = "o small section ( society1 !re are c]ta9 divisions1 nev]!less1 t mu/ be recognis$2 & ! beg9n] :o is n suffici5tly v]s$ 9 8 craft to be able to "w 9 broad sweeps on a big canvas t c be se5 & und]/ood by all1 is wise to obs]ve def9ite limitations1 & "w )9 a cle>ly-m>k$ area4 ,y mu/ decide :e!r a /ory is = ! s*oolgirl or h] "m2 :e!r y are writ+ = ^? :o crave s5sation1 or = ^? :o l quiet1 ?\ghtful1 re/ra9$ read+2 :e!r y\r article is = ! /ud5t :o already kn[s some?+ ab\t ! matt]1 or = ! g5]al read] :om y wi% to int]e/ 9 y\r !me4 ,hav+ settl$ :o are to be y\r read]s--d n let !m slip y\r memory :ile y address sev]al o!r conflict+ audi5ces f "t to "t4 ,writ]s ( books = *ildr5 are especial s9n]s 9 ?is respect1 frequ5tly introduc+ passages t are q outside ! *ild's purview1 & obvi\sly bett] suit$ to adults4 ,sid5ote3 ,be sure ( y\r ,object ,y\r object 9 writ+ %\ld be def9itely settl$ be=e y />t on y\r ,,ms4 ,is x to in/ruct1 or to help1 or to ent]ta98 ,is x to provide excitem5t1 or to act z a soo?+ re/orative to tir$ n]ves & bra98 ,is x to expose "s social wrong1 or to enli/ sympa?y = suff]+ & mis=tune8 ,is x to make p smile1 or to make !m weep8 ,is x to induce a light-he>t$ & c>e-free frame ( m9d1 or to make ! read] ?9k8 ,is x to p&] to a vici\s ta/e1 or to fo/] clean ideals8 ,inexp]i5c$ writ]s (t5 seem to ?9k !re is no ne$ = any def9$ purpose 9 _! "w1 unless !y are issu+ an appeal = *>ity1 or writ+ an article t is to combat "s special evil4 ,yet ev]y?+ we write %\ld h a purpose4 ,un=tunately1 we h dropp$ into a habit ( ticket+ a "w a book ) a purpose :5 x deals p>ticul>ly ) religi\s or social propag&a2 :]eas e book %\ld be a book ) a purpose1 or x w n be wor? ! pap] x is writt5 ^u4 ,y mu/ h "s reason = :at y write1 or "s object :i* y keep 9 view1 if y are to make any impression on ! read]4 ,_m ( y :o are beg9n]s w probably expla9 t y\r object 9 writ+ is solely to ent]ta9 7& a v good object x is74 ,9 t case1 see to x t y\r writ+ is ent]ta9+4 ,don't let x be flat & col\rless & tepid = pages at a /ret*4 ,b y mu/ rememb] t e book %\ld be ent]ta9+4 ,?is is z mu* a prim>y necessity z t e book %\ld be grammatical4 ,x is ano!r way ( say+ t e book mu/ int]e/ p4 ,yet h[ few amateurs /op to consid] :e!r :at !y write is really ent]ta9+8 ,ask y\rself1 aft] y\r ,,ms4 is complet$1 ,if ,i saw ?is 9 pr9t1 %\ld ,i be s impress$ ) x t ,i %\ld write (f at once to my fri5ds & urge !m to buy x1 & m5tion x to all my acqua9tances z some?+ well wor? _! gett+ & read+8 ,if n--:y n8 ,if y c criticise y\r own "w dispassionately 9 ?is way1 x w help y to detect "s ( y\r own weak po9ts4 ,b1 un=tunately1 s few ( u c look dispassionately ^u ! *ildr5 ( our own bra96 ,=m ,%\ld ,be ,consid]$ ,=m :i* plays a v important "p 9 ! con/ruction ( lit]ature1 means %ape & ord]2 x means also def9ite re/rictions4 ,?\gh we d n realise x at fir/1 ^! re/rictions are p>ticul>ly desirable4 ,)\t !m1 we might g writ+ on & on1 till no "o c\ld foll[ u 9 our me&]+s1 ! bra9 w\ld be worn-out ) ! attempt4 ,yet ^! same re/rictions are :at ! novice mo/ res5ts1 or at any rate is incl9$ to fl\t4 ,nev]!less1 y mu/ abide by c]ta9 rules if y\r "w is to be readable & pr(itable4 ,sid5ote3 ,e/abli%$ ,rules save our ,wa/+ ,"t on ,exp]im5ts ,y may reg>d all rules z arbitr>y4 ,i "k h[ incl9$ "o is1 :5 only j beg9n+ to feel "o's feet1 to kick d[n e sort or prop & b>ri] & sign-po/ & l$ge1 9 ord] to run riot1 )\t let or h9drance1 ov] all ! e>?4 ,b we _c d ?is :5 we are only le>n+ to walk1 )\t tumbl+ d[n & acquir+ bruises2 & !n we lose a c]ta9 am\nt ( "t 9 pick+ ourselves up & gett+ our be>+s aga94 ,:ile ! ?\ght ( />t+ out on br&-new adv5ture1 )\t any "o's advice or dictation1 is v entic+1 ! wise p]son is he :o fir/ ( all avails himself ( ! discov]ies already made by o!r folk 7a "t-sav+ policy to say ! lea/ ( x74 ,!n1 :5 he has assimilat$ z mu* z he c ( :at o!rs be=e him h f\nd out1 he c exp]im5t on 8 own1 & />t on a voyage ( discov]y into truly unkn[n l&s4 ,b x is %e] wa/e ( en]gy to g pione]+ ov] l& t has already be5 ?or\ghly inve/igat$1 & mapp$ out1 by m5 & wom5 :o h gone be=e u4 ,& al?\gh we may consid] ! limitations ( ,=m 9 ,art z q sup]flu\s 9 our own p>ticul> case1 x is well to get ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) !m1 be>+ 9 m9d ! fact t ?\s&s ( writ]s = c5turies pa/ h be5 h&l+ ! subject1 exp]im5t+ along ^! same l9es1 (t5 ask+ ! same que/ions t we are ask+4 ,& all ^: op9ions 7 wor? any?+ came to ! same conclusion1 viz3--t /rict att5tion to ,=m is necess>y 9 all creative "w1 if t "w is to h la/+ value4 ,!re=e y might z well accept ?is at ! outset1 at any rate until y h rea*$ ! /age :]e y c d exactly z y please & /ill comm& ! att5tion ( an admir+ univ]se4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,?ree-,"p ,basis ,all ! ma/]-m9ds seem to agree t a /ory1 :e!r long or %ort1 %\ld consi/ ( ?ree ma9 p>ts4 ,inde$ mo/ ( ! art-products ( ! bra9 are con/ruct$ on a ?ree-"p basis4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n t ?is =m is ! mo/ satisfy+ to ! m9d--& rememb]1 "o ( ! ess5tials ( a "w ( art is t x %all satisfy ! m9d ) t s5se ( fitness & complet5ess & appropriat5ess1 s v h>d to def9e exactly 9 words1 & yet s necess>y to our enjoym5t ( any?+4 ,a pa9t+ has =egr\nd1 middle di/ance & backgr\nd4 ,a musical composition1 if %ort1 has g5]ally a fir/ "p 9 "o key1 a second "p 9 ! m9or or a relat$ key1 & a ?ird "p t is (t5 an amplification ( ! fir/ "p ) additional matt] t br+s x to a satisfactory conclusion4 ,if ! composition be l5g?y1 su* z a sonata or symphony1 its ,fir/ ,movem5t1 ,sl[ ,movem5t & ,f9ale are label$ = all to und]/&4 ,! ?ree-volume novel ( our gr&mo!rs' day 0 a recognition ( ! desirability ( def9ite division4 ,& al?\gh we d n n[ spread our /ories ov] s mu* pap]1 nor trim !m ) su* wide m>g9s & ?ree sets ( cov]s1 ! ?ree p>ts are /ill !re1 & 9 _m cases ! au?or /ill m>ks !m pla9ly = ! read]1 by divid+ 8 "w into specifi$ sections4 ,sometimes we f9d a #d? ,act1 & a #e?1 9 a play1 j z we sometimes h f\r movem5ts 9 a sonata2 b 9 mo/ cases ! extra act is really only an episode1 n a ma9 division 9 itself1 & usually belongs to ! second "p4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,divisions ( a ,/ory ,broadly speak+1 ! divisions ( a /ory may be ticket$-- #a4 ,/>t+ ?+s4 #b4 ,develop+ ?+s4 #c4 ,accompli%+ ?+s4 ,! fir/ "p is devot$ to introduc+ ! *>act]s2 />t+ !m to "w1 accord+ to "s pre-arrang$ s*eme 9 ! au?or's m9d2 lay+ 9 ! backgr\nd1 & g5]ally gett+ acqua9t$4 ,9 ! second "p1 ! s*eme or plot is develop$2 complications & side issues1 contra/+ episodes & by-play may be introduc$4 ,?is is ! place = ! au?or to ex]cise all 8 +5uity 9 seem+ to w&] f>!r & f>!r f ! solution ( ! problem ( ! /ory1 :ile 9 reality he is ev] draw+ ! read] t[>ds x4 ,! ?ird "p is conc]n$ ) ! actual solution ( ! problem1 & %[s h[ all ! previ\s happ5+s help$ to br+ ab\t ! climax ) :i* ! /ory %\ld end4 ,sid5ote3 ,l5g? mu/ be ,tak5 into ,consid]ation ,! ?ree p>ts may1 or may n1 be ab\t equal 9 l5g?2 b if "o is long] ?an ! o!r1 x %\ld be ! middle "p4 ,x is nev] well to introduce delays 9 ! fir/ "p1 nor are !y desirable 9 ! la/ "p4 ,to be complex or episodical at ! />t is unwise2 ! read] likes to get well "u way mod]ately e>ly1 to "k :o ev]ybody is & :at !y are aft]4 ,:5 y\r /ory is fairly laun*$1 y c l5g!n x ) div]sions1 descriptions1 dialogues1 & episodes1 &1 grant$ !y are int]e/+ & h a direct be>+ on ! /ory1 ! read] w n compla94 ,b once y rea* ! ?ird "p1 & />t to ga!r up ! scatt]$ *>act]s & f>-flung incid5ts1 9 ord] to unite !m all into "o conv9c+ conclusion1 y mu/ n dally1 nor div]t ! read]'s att5tion f ! ma9 issue4 ,y w see f ! =ego+ t x is necess>y to fix ! l5g? ( y\r /ory be=e y />t to "w--o!rwise y w n get x prop]ly balanc$4 ,i d n mean t y mu/ tie y\rself d[n to an exact numb] ( words = ea* "p1 any m ?an = ! :ole2 b y %\ld settle1 be=e y />t1 an approximate e/imate ( ! am\nt ( space y w all[ to ea* "p1 & !n see t y keep some:]e ne> x4 ,= in/ance1 ! probability is t1 unless y keep an eye on y\rself1 y w ov]do ! detail 9 ! fir/ "p4 ,s _m novices />t writ+ _! /ory be=e !y h half ?\ght x out 9 all its be>+s2 ! result is t all sorts ( new ideas come to !m1 & fre% developm5ts1 & diff]5t aspects ( ! plot2 & !y add to _! orig9al plan1 "w 9 fre% *>act]s1 amplify ^? t are already !re1 till all s5se ( proportion is gone4 ,or !y may h a special lik+ = "o p>ticul> "* 7inv>iably x is ! "o :o1 !y secretly ?9k1 repres5ts _! own ta/es & aspirations71 & !y w ov]do ?is "o ) detail1 & unduly sp9 out t portion ( ! book4 ,!n aga91 :5 we are fre%1 & only />t+ a "w1 we are m incl9$ to /roll leisurely among volum9\s p>ticul>s1 & write all t comes into our head1 ?an we are :5 we h writt5 =ty ?\s& words1 & are wi%+ we c\ld get ! re/ ( x out ( our bra91 & d[n on ! pap]1 ) less physical1 z well z less m5tal1 ef=t6 ,!re=e1 :5 y ev5tually revise y\r ,,ms4 z a :ole1 ov]haul ! fir/ section v ?or\ghly1 cutt+ x d[n ru?lessly if y f9d y h be5 unduly diffuse4 ,n[adays a /ory t drags at ! outset is doom$4 ,sid5ote3 ,=m z ,appli$ to ,articles ,b fiction is n ! only class ( writ+ rul$ by ,=m2 articles1 essays1 v]se are all subject to a c]ta9 ord] ( pres5tation1 & c]ta9 re/rictions1 :i* no writ] c ignore )\t less5+ ! effectiv5ess ( 8 "w--& 9 ! ma9 ! ?reefold basis applies to all4 ,:5 writ+ an essay or an article1 x is useful to make y\r divisions z foll[s-- #a4 ,/ate y\r !me & y\r reasons = its *oice4 7,9 o!r words3 make x q cle> to y\r read]s :at y are go+ to write ab\t1 & :y y decid$ to write ab\t x47 #b4 ,say :at y h to say ab\t x4 #c4 ,give ! conclusions to be drawn !refrom4 ,"h1 z 9 ! case ( fiction1 x is desirable to get "r into y\r subject quickly1 nev] side-track+ ! read]s' m9d on to a subsidi>y topic until !y h a firm hold ( y\r ma9 !me4 ,rusk9 0 p>ticul>ly tiresome 9 ! way he w\ld turn (f at a tang5t1 & />t talk+ ab\t "s m9or matt]1 be=e ! read] _h grasp$ :at subject he 0 propos+ to deal )4 ,aft] y h turn$ y\r !me inside out1 9 ! second "p1 & told all ! po9ts ab\t x t y ?9k w be new to y\r read]1 make y\r ?ird "p a climax1 9 t x works up to a def9ite conclusion4 ,x does n matt] :at ! subject ( y\r article1 broadly speak+ x %\ld be built on ^! l9es1 s9ce ?is is ! =m 9 :i* ! human m9d seems be/ able to take 9 in=mation4 ,y _c expect p to foll[ y\r descriptions1 y\r argum5ts1 or y\r objections1 if !y d n "k :at y are talk+ ab\t2 h5ce ! ne$ = a v cle> pres5tation ( y\r subject at ! beg9n+4 ,&1 9 ord] to leave y\r read] 9 a satisfi$ frame ( m9d1 i4e4 ) a s5se ( c]ta9ty t ?+s 7 br\ght to _! logical conclusion--also an ess5tial 9 a "w ( art--! ?ird section mu/ be prim>ily occupi$ ) ! reasons =1 or ! outcome (1 or ! d$uctions to be drawn f1 t :i* has gone be=e4 ,?is leaves ! middle section ( ! article = digressions1 side issues1 or any o!r =m ( amplification4 ,once ! /ud5t recognises h[ desirable are ! laws ( ,=m1 h[ !y give %ape & proportion & cohesion to matt] t w\ld o!rwise be void & hopeless1 he w realise h[ impossible x is to d good "w )\t prelim9>y ?\ght1 & c>eful plann+4 ,& he w also und]/& h[ x is t ,,mss4 :i* are m]ely da%$ (f )\t any prep>atory "w1 ^? t j came ( _! own accord1 z ! au?ors sometimes boa/1 inv>iably fail to ar\se a sp>k ( en?usiasm 9 ! s\l ( an editor4 ,"r ,selection ,is ,important ,! m]e fact t ! sun nev] sets on ! ,briti% ,empire does n necessitate our includ+ ! :ole ( x 9 "o ,,ms4 ,yet "s beg9n]s seem mo/ indu/ri\sly anxi\s to d ?is4 ,amateurs may be divid$ r\ghly into two classes3 ^? :o tell too little1 & ^? :o tell too mu*4 ,! majority come "u ! latt] head+4 ,! lit]>y arti/ is he :o kn[s exactly :at to select f ! mass ( mat]ial be=e him 79 ord] to make ! read] see :at he himself sees72 & :at to disc>d z non-ess5tial4 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ! in/9ct = selection is l>gely born1 n made4 ,x is "o ( ! *annels ?r\gh :i* g5ius betrays itself4 ,v few great arti/s c expla9 :y !y *ose "o p>ticul> set ( items = _! canvas1 or _! book1 & ignor$ o!rs2 or :y t p>ticul> set conveys a s5se ( beauty to ! obs]v]1 :5 ano!r set w\ld make no su* appeal4 ,yet ! s5se or in/9ct c be cultivat$ to "s ext5t1 & ! fir/ /ep is to recognise ! necessity = c>eful selection4 ,few beg9n]s give a ?\ght to ! matt]4 ,!y imag9e t all !y h to d1 :5 !y set out to tell a /ory1 or describe "s incid5t or sc5e1 is to say all !y c ab\t x--! m ! bett]4 ,i nev] sp>e myself :]e detail is conc]n$1 a w\ld-be contributor wrote :5 (f]+ a magaz9e article4 ,un=tunately %e did n sp>e me ei!r2 !re 7 fifty-sev5 pages ( close1 ne>ly illegible writ+1 describ+ ! tombs ( "s long-dead unkn[ns 9 an out-(-!-way ,cont95tal *ur*4 ,to enum]ate e s+le item is n ,art2 x is catalogu+4 ,slight !mes require b few details4 ,sid5ote3 ,tra9+ ,y\rself 9 ! ,matt] ( ,selection ,look y\r subject well ov] be=e y write a l9e2 decide :at are its out/&+ features1 :i* are its mo/ prom95t *>act]i/ics1 & :at x is absolutely necess>y to say ab\t x1 9 ord] to give a cle> pres5tm5t4 ,at ! same "t1 note :at is irrelevant to ! ma9 purport ( y\r writ+1 & :at is comp>atively unimportant4 ,aft] all1 ! m9d c only take 9 a c]ta9 am\nt ( detail1 a c]ta9 numb] ( facts2 & z x _c absorb ev]y?+1 a limit has to be plac$ some:]e4 ,common s5se tells u t s9ce some?+ mu/ be left out1 x is well to omit ! col\rless1 unimportant data t nev] w be miss$6 ,9 e sc5e !re are always def9ite po9ts t arre/ ! att5tion & give "* to ! :ole1 & _m o!r po9ts t really d n make v mu* diff]5ce "o way or ! o!r4 ,! arti/ 7:e!r he be mak+ ^w-pictures or col\r-pictures7 selects ^? po9ts t give ! mo/ "* to ! sc5e1 ^? incid5ts :i* convey ! mo/ compreh5sive idea ( ! place & ! p & _! do+s1 9 ! fewe/ words4 ,if y are writ+ a /ory1 x is seldom necess>y to describe e ?+ app]ta9+ to1 & e "o connect$ )1 ! h]o9e1 = example--at any rate1 n on h] fir/ appe>ance4 ,h] home1 h] relations1 h] dress1 c (t5 be dealt ) 9 a few s5t5ces2 b ^? s5t5ces mu/ conta9 j ! facts t give ! key to ! :ole situation4 ,probably x w n ?r[ any vivid light on ! lady if y /ate t h] draw+-room 0 uphol/]$ 9 old rose1 & %e h]self devot$ to *ocolate2 because ! virtu\s no less ?an ! wick$1 ! mo/ advanc$ fem9i/ z well z ! sillie/ bundle ( vanity1 might all h equal lean+s t[>d old rose & be addict$ to *ocolate4 ,b if y /ate1 ei!r t %e 0 read+ a fir/ edition ( ,dante1 or cutt+ out flannelette und]g>m5ts = ! sew+ meet+1 or p[d]+ h] *alky nose 9 public--! read] w h "s sort ( clue z to y\r h]o9e's p]sonality4 ,an in/9ct = selection w tell y :i* item w *>act]ise a p]son mo/ accurately4 ,9 ! same way "s incid5ts w directly affect ! :ole tr5d ( a /ory1 o!rs leave ! ma9 issues unt\*$4 ,select ! incid5ts t matt]1 & leave ^? t m]ely m>k "t )\t tak+ ! read] any fur!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,c>icature is n ,*>act]ization ,b :ile x is desirable to record out/&+ features1 x is n wise1 z a rule1 to emphasise m]e peculi>ities1 z ?is only t5ds to /amp "o's writ+ z unnatural1 exagg]at$1 or c>icature4 ,f> bett] seize on g5]al topical *>act]i/ics1 only select ^? t are prom95t1 col\rful1 & vigor\s1 r ?an neutral1 insipid traits or happ5+s4 ,p read+ ,kipl+'s /ory1 ,! ,cat t walk$ by itself1 inv>iably exclaim1 ,t's j l our cat6 ,yet 9 all probability ,kipl+'s cat 0 n at all l ei!r ( _! cats4 ,he m]ely *ose ! typical *>act]i/ics common to all cats1 & ea* p]son imm$iately sees 8 own individual pussy 9 ! picture4 ,a lack ( an in/9ct = selection is "o ( ! commone/ fail+s 9 amateurs1 & is responsible = ! rejection ( an endless /ream ( ,,mss4 ,= ?is reason x is desirable t ! beg9n] %\ld pay special he$ to ! subject1 & note to :at ext5t he is mak+ actual selection1 or :e!r he is m]ely jott+ d[n all & sundry 9 haphaz>d unconc]n4 ,:5 ,writ+ ,articles ,!re are two ma9 difficulties 9 writ+ an article2 "o is to get a good beg9n+1 ! o!r is to get a good end+4 ,if y "k y\r subject well 7& x is useless to write on a subject y d n "k well71 x is wond]ful h[ ! middle portion takes c>e ( itself 9 comp>ison ) ! c>e t has to be be/[$ on ! entrance & exit4 ,i h se5 amateurs write & write & re-write _! op5+ p>agraphs 7) int]vals ( p]plex$ p5-nibbl+ 9 betwe571 cross+ out a s5t5ce z soon z !y put x d[n1 int]polat+ fre% ideas t ran (f at a tang5t1 sudd5ly jump+ back a hundr$ ye>s or s 9 _! anxiety to />t at ! v beg9n+ ( ! subject--& f9ally te>+ up _! by-n[-unreadable ,,ms41 & comm5c+ all ov] aga94 ,"h are two me?ods by :i* y may m easily get "u way--& ! great ?+ is to get "u way1 & write some?+1 !n y at lea/ h a concrete ,,ms4 to pull to pieces & re-arrange & hamm] into %ape4 ,x is ! blank pap]1 or ! page y h cross$ out & !n torn up 9 despair1 t is s irritat+ly non-productive6 ,sid5ote3 ,settle y\r ,*ronological ,/>t+-po9t--& ,/ick to x ,decide1 be=e y write a l9e1 ! exact po9t 9 ! life-/ory ( y\r subject at :i* y w />t4 ,rememb] t x is impossible to say ev]y?+ ab\t x1 or give ! :ole ( its hi/ory2 !re=e settle quickly :at c safely be left out conc]n+ its antec$5ts & e>ly *ildhood )\t detrim5t to ! subject z a :ole4 ,once y h made up y\r m9d z to ! precise *ronological />t+ po9t1 /ick to x 7half ! initial tr\ble ( gett+ into y\r subject w be ov] if y d72 & d n 9 ! c\rse ( a few p>agraphs h>k back to "s previ\s happ5+ or era1 because y h sudd5ly rememb]$ some?+ t might be made to be> on ! subject4 ,! way anxi\s writ]s w endeav\r to tell e mortal ?+ t c be told reg>d+ ! mo/ di/ant prehi/oric family connections ( _! subject1 is on a p> ) a c]ta9 type ( *airman at a meet+1 :o w p]si/ 9 dilat+ on ! say+s & do+s ( 8 great-gr&fa!r in/ead ( deal+ ) ! topic 9 h&4 ,if ,i ask ! untra9$ amateur to write me an article on ,! ,use ( ,pigeons 9 ,w>1 ! *ances are all 9 fav\r ( 8 />t+ ) ! ,ark1 & talk+ = sev]al p>agraphs r\nd ! ,dove ) ! olive bran*4 ,by a natural & easy transition1 he w\ld pres5tly be quot+1 ,oh = ! w+s ( a dove6 ,pl9y's doves w\ld h an inn+s1 ! ,london pigeons ( ,/4 ,paul's h hon\rable m5tion1 ! orni?ological significance ( ! botanical t]m ,aquilegia might be t\*$ ^u1 ) o!r equally irrelevant or f>-fet*$ allusions to ! ,columbae z a :ole2 & all ?is be=e any really s]viceable in=mation is =?com+ "u ! head+ specifi$4 ,?is is no exagg]at$ picture2 x is ! type ( article frequ5tly submitt$1 & is due to a writ]'s lack ( an in/9ct = selection1 & 8 det]m9ation to leave no?+ unsaid4 ,9 ! end1 he ( c\rse leaves a great deal unsaid1 because ! inevitable limitations ( an article make x impossible to give s mu* pa/ hi/ory & /ill f9d room to say :at %\ld be said ab\t ! pres5t-day aspect4 ,! space is gone be=e ! writ] has b>ely got !re6 ,& because ( ?is t5d5cy to exp5d too mu* ink at ! beg9n+ on details t are too f> remov$ f ! c5tral po9t ( int]e/ to be wor? record+1 ,i w give ano!r h9t t may occasionally prove useful4 ,sid5ote3 ,:5 9 ,d\bt--,beg9 9 ! ,middle ,:5 9 d\bt :]e to />t1 beg9 9 ! middle2 i4e4 attack ! subject :]e ! int]e/ seems to focus2 or laun* out )\t any prelim9>y :atev]1 into ! v he>t ( ! matt]4 ,x is q possible x may prove to be ! beg9n+6 ,! desirability ( %ap+ an article accord+ to ! def9ite rules ( =m 0 dealt ) on page #acf4 ,a c>eful plann+ ( ! =m be=eh& w help ! writ] to keep 8 article prop]ly balanc$1 & to avoid ov]-weight+ x unduly ) unimportant data at ! outset4 ,sid5ote3 ,:5 y h ,f9i%$--,leave (f ,) reg>d to ! w9d-up ( an article1 "h aga9 ! writ] has mu* 9 common ) ! speak]1 & happy is he :o kn[s in/9ctively j :5 to leave (f4 ,s few d6 ,fail+ an in/9ctive p]ception ( ! "r end+1 or ! desirable climax1 ! writ] c delib]ately plan "o & !n "w up to x4 ,& x is well to plan x fairly e>ly1 9 ord] to make ! :ole ( ! article gravitate t[>d ?is f9ale4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is ! ,f9al ,impression t ,c\nts ,9 writ+1 z 9 s _m o!r ?+s1 x is ! f9al impression t c\nts4 ,! read]'s attitude ( m9d1 :5 he comes to ! end ( ! la/ page1 is a p[]ful factor 9 settl+ y\r success z a writ]4 ,if y end lamely1 ) non-effective s5t5ces1 or ) po9tless indecision--if1 9 %ort1 ! read] does n feel he has got some:]e or a*iev$ some?+ by read+ ! article1 he w n be rem>kably ke5 on any?+ else y may write4 ,! beg9n] seldom pauses to inquire3 ,:at is my object 9 writ+ ?is article8 ,if ,i 7 to put ! "q to a numb] ( w\ld-be au?ors1 & !y repli$ tru?fully1 !y w\ld say1 ,to see myself 9 pr9t1 or1 ,to make money2 yet ,i _c reit]ate too (t5 t :at we write mu/ h m 9 ! way ( backbone ?an ?is4 ,! reason t ?\s&s ( ,,mss4 are return$ to ! s5d]s e ye> is because ^? s5d]s _h no o!r object 9 view1 ap>t f money-mak+ or gett+ into pr9t4 ,decide !re=e on a m useful object--useful1 t is1 f ! read]'s po9t ( view4 ,! read] does n c>e "o iota :e!r y are go+ to make money1 or :e!r y n[ see y\rself 9 pr9t = ! fir/ "t4 ,! po9t he is conc]n$ ) is :at he himself gets out ( 8 read+--:e!r he has be5 amus$ & ent]ta9$1 or has ga9$ in=mation1 or a new light on an old subject1 or a spiritual uplift1 or useful facts1 or "s fre% int]e/1 or a soo?+ n>cotic = an anxi\s bra94 ,& y mu/ h "s su* object 9 m9d1 :5 y plan ! %orte/ article1 no less ?an :5 y s*eme out a novel4 ,9 writ+ ! article on ,! ,use ( ,pigeons 9 ,w> y\r object might be ! giv+ ( in=mation t w\ld be fre% to ! public 7& we nev] ne$ tr\ble to tell !m t :i* !y "k already72 in=mation calculat$ to increase _! k ( ! ways 9 :i* we wag$ ! great w> = ! _w's fre$om1 & also to give !m a new int]e/ 9 ^! wond]ful birds4 ,be>+ all ?is 9 m9d1 x w be se5 at once t ! preamble ab\t ! ,ark w\ld be q unnecess>y1 s9ce x w\ld convey no new in=mation :atev]4 ,m]e recapitulation ( anci5t well-kn[n facts is nev] desirable1 outside a text-book4 ,sid5ote3 ,keep an ,eye on ,topicality ,topicality has (t5 mu* to d ) ! acceptance ( an article2 b ! beg9n] seldom takes ?is po9t into consid]ation4 ,! f9e/ article "o c\ld write w\ld be turn$ d[n if ! subject 7 out ( date--& tw5ty-f\r h\rs make all ! diff]5ce4 ,we move at su* express spe$1 & ev5ts hurry pa/ at su* a rapid rate1 t ! article an editor w\ld jump at to-day may be useless to him to-morr[2 ! book t w\ld be m>ketable ?is season may be unsaleable next4 ,( c\rse ?is does n apply to e ,,ms41 b x does to a good _m1 & p>ticul>ly 9 reg>d to articles = p]iodicals4 ,if y ?9k y\r subject w h special int]e/ = ! public at ! mom5t--s5d x at once1 & if x is ! burn+ "q ( ! day1 s5d x to a newspap] r ?an to a magaz9e1 rememb]+ t magaz9es h to g to press "s weeks be=e ! date ( publication4 ,if a magaz9e editor receives y\r ,,ms4 ,janu>y #a/1 ! v e>lie/ he c\ld get x into 8 magaz9e w\ld probably be ,april1 & ! *ances are he w\ld h ev]y?+ plann$ & set up until ,may4 ,9 ! ,girls' ,own ,pap] & ,woman's ,magaz9e1 = in/ance1 ! f9al %eet ( ! ,septemb] numb] has to be pass$ = press ! fir/ week 9 ,june4 ,be>+ ^! facts 9 m9d1 y w realise t x is useless to s5d an article on a ,*ri/massy subject to an editor 9 ,novemb]4 ,8 ,*ri/mas numb] 0 probably put toge!r 9 ,augu/1 & by ,novemb] x is travell+ by tra9 or /eam]1 bullock-wagon or native c>ri]1 to di/ant p>ts ( ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,articles t are n ,want$ ,& ,i mu/ m5tion ano!r fault common ) beg9n]s4 ,x is useless to (f] articles t are no?+ m ?an a re*auffe ( encyclopa$ic facts4 ,any s*oolboy c /r+ toge!r text-book in=mation1 & compile facts f o!r p's works4 ,if y\r article is on an old-e/abli%$ !ory1 or "s well-kn[n !me1 y mu/ contribute "s new p]sonal exp]i5ce1 if x is to be ( any wor?4 ,read]s w n pay = books or articles t conta9 no?+ b :at !y c\ld write !mselves1 giv5 ! "t & ! works ( ref]5ce4 ,!n1 aga91 x is useless to *oose a subject m]ely because x appeals to y p]sonally2 if !re is no likelihood ( its appeal+ to ! majority ( ! read]s1 x is valueless to an editor4 ,sid5ote3 ,/udy ! ,read]s' ,pref]5ce no less ?an y\r ,own ,! bus9ess ( writ+ is l e o!r bus9ess 9 t self-effacem5t may contribute mu* to success4 ,! good bus9ess man does n sp5d 8 "t talk+ ab\t 8 own ta/es & a*ievem5ts & pref]5ces2 he keeps an eye on :at int]e/s 8 cu/om]s & talks ab\t t4 ,! good writ] does n write m]ely to air 8 own likes & dislikes & grievances1 or to impress p ) 8 own atta9m5ts & good =tune2 he keeps 8 eye on :at int]e/s 8 read]s 7:o are 8 cu/om]s7 & foll[s ?is up 9 "s degree 9 8 writ+s4 ,?is ne$ n mean any rel9qui%+ ( p]sonal ideals1 or p&]+ to *eap ta/es4 ,! read]s' ideals may be z high--or ev5 high]--?an y\rs2 _! ta/es may be q z ref9$--b !y are n necess>ily ! same z y\rs4 ,!re=e1 /udy :at w int]e/ !m to read r ?an :at x w int]e/ y t !y %\ld read4 ,?9k x out1 & y w f9d !re may be a _w ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! two4 ,sid5ote3 ,s5d ,suitable ,articles to ,likely ,magaz9es ,writ]s are (t5 told to /udy ! type ( articles appe>+ 9 ! magaz9e 9 :i* !y are anxi\s to see _! own "w publi%$4 ,?is is v s\nd advice4 ,! unsuitabilities t are (f]$ at times are pa/ c\nt+4 ,a man wrote rec5tly to ! editor ( a prom95t ,mission>y ,mon?ly3 ,i notice y h no *ess columns 9 y\r pap]4 ,i c\ld supply "o regul>ly1 & ,i assure y x w\ld help y\r circulation consid]ably4 ,= ! ,woman's ,magaz9e ,i h be5 (f]$ murd] /ories ( ! mo/ lurid & revolt+ "*2 articles on ,seal-hunt+ 9 ! ,arctic z a ,sport1 ,curiosities 9 ,kite-,fly+1 ,! ,mak+ ( ,mod]n ,motor ,roads1 & o!rs equally outside ! range ( wom5's activities ev5 9 ^! days ( wide-flung doors4 ,sid5ote3 ,editors d n want ,repeat-,subjects z a ,rule ,avoid (f]+ articles on subjects t h already be5 dealt ) 9 a p]iodical4 ,unless y h unique & valuable in=mation to add to t already giv51 space _c be sp>$ to repeat matt]4 ,moreov]1 ! public does n want to pay twice = ! same ?+--& t is :at x w\ld am\nt to4 ,x is no recomm5dation to write to an editor1 ,i see y h an article on ',gl[-worms z a ,hat-,trimm+' 9 y\r la/ issue2 ,i am !re=e s5d+ y ano!r article on ! same subject4 ,unless y h "s new & really in=m+ data to contribute1 ! probability is t y w\ld only be cov]+ ! same gr\nd z ! previ\s writ]4 ,nei!r are y likely to get y\r ,,ms4 accept$ if y write1 ,i h read ! article on ',gl[-worms' 9 y\r la/ issue1 & disagree ) _m ( ! /atem5ts made !re94 ,f> f gl[-worms be+ ?+s ( elusive beauty & sugge/ive ( fairyl&1 z y\r contributor calls !m4 ,i reg>d !m z noxi\s pe/s4 ,i h writt5 my views 9 detail1 & hope y w be able to publi% ! article 9 y\r next issue to c\nt]act ! wrong impression t ! o!r "o convey$4 ,n[1 an editor to a l>ge ext5t id5tifies himself ) ! views express$ 9 ! pages ( ! pap] he edits4 ,& _h he n approv$ ( ! /atem5ts made1 he w\ld n h be5 incl9$ to pr9t !m 9 an ord9>y non-controv]sial pap]4 ,is x likely1 !n1 t he w\ld want ano!r contribution calmly in=m+ 8 read]s t ! previ\s article 0 entirely wrong & unreliable8 ,sid5ote3 ,on ,! ,subject ( ,h[ to---- ,mo/ editors are ov]done ) ! usual ,h[ to-- articles4 ,! public has by n[ be5 told ,h[ to d ev]y?+ "u ! sun1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k2 b if y feel x laid ^u y\r s\l to imp>t /ill fur!r in/ruction--try to f9d a fre% =m ( title4 ,d n *oose too big a subject4 ,heav51 ,human ,nature1 ,et]nity1 & k9dr$ !mes are beyond ! p[]s ( any mortal--mu* less ! beg9n]4 ,get "r away f hackney$ phrases & allusions4 ,s _m ,,mss4 are pepp]$ ?r\gh\t ) su* expressions z all sorts & conditions2 common or g>d52 let u return to our muttons2 tell x n 9 ,ga?2 b we mu/ n anticipate4 ,if y feel drawn to write an essay on ,fri5d%ip1 x is n necess>y to />t ) ,david & ,jona?an2 !y h already be5 m5tion$--m ?an once1 9 fact--9 ?is connection4 ,nei!r is x desirable1 :5 writ+ ab\t ,j]usalem to quote1 a city t is set on a hill _c be hid4 ,v>iety is always pleas+1 & editors d l to come ^u some?+1 occasionally1 t !y h n read m ?an a doz5 times be=e4 ,sugge/ions = ,/yle ,if y are writ+ ) ! object ( giv+ in=mation1 avoid ! indef9ite /yle4 ,ei!r make a cle>1 decid$ /atem5t 7if y are compet5t to d s71 or leave ! matt] alone4 ,y n only weak5 ! =ce ( y\r /atem5ts1 & smudge y\r mean+1 by beat+ ab\t ! bu% & walk+ r\nd y\r subject1 b y ca/ d\bts 9 ! read]'s m9d z to :e!r y are fully qualifi$ to write ab\t x at all4 ,"h is an extract f an article s5t to me on ,! ,cultivation ( ,broad ,beans4 ,speak+ ( blight1 ! writ] says3 ,i w\ld n presume to dictate to ! exp]i5c$ g>d5]1 :o d\btless has 8 own me?od ( deal+ ) ! black blight t is s common on ^! plants2 b = ! b5efit ( ! novice ,i w\ld say t1 p]sonally1 ,i always f9d x a good plan to nip (f ! tops ( ! beans s soon z ! black fly appe>s4 ,&1 fail+ a bett] plan1 ! amateur might try ?is4 ,articles writt5 9 ?is /ra9 are fairly common1 & are (t5 ! outcome ( mode/y on ! "p ( a writ] :o does n wi% to appe> too dogmatic1 or to take too mu* ^u himself4 ,b f ! utility po9t ( view !y are poor /uff1 & are suff]+ z mu* f blight z ! un=tunate beans1 s9ce ea* /atem5t seems to be disp>ag$ 9 "s way by ! ov]-diffid5t au?or6 ,ei!r ! rem$y sugge/$ = ! black fly is a rem$y1 or x isn't4 ,if x is a rem$y1 !n x is z applicable to ! bean own$ by ! exp]i5c$ g>d5] z to ! "o own$ by ! novice4 ,9 %ort--if x be advantage\s to nip (f ! tops ( blight$ broad beans1 ! writ] %\ld h said s 9 simple ,engli%1 )\t apologis+ = 8 tem]ity 9 mak+ ! /atem5t1 & !reby disc\nt+ all he says4 ,sid5ote3 ,ambiguity mu/ n be ,all[$ to ,pass ,aim at writ+ ) accuracy1 cle>ness & precision4 ,ambiguity %\ld nev] be all[$ to pass4 ,any s5t5ce t y feel to be 9 ! slighte/ degree unc]ta91 or obscure1 z to mean+ %\ld be reword$ s z to leave no d\bt :atev] z to y\r mean+4 ,if1 on re-read+ y\r article1 y are n q sure :at y meant :5 y wrote any passage1 take x out altoge!r4 ,d n leave x 9 to puzzle ! read]1 ev5 ?\gh y add a footnote--z ,rusk9 did--expla9+ t y h no idea :at y meant :5 y wrote x4 ,9 ord] to avoid an ambigu\s /yle1 two ?+s are necess>y3 ! ability to ?9k cle>ly & concisely1 & ! ability to write d[n exactly :at "o ?9ks4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,subject ,%\ld ,regulate ! ,*oice ( ,words ,! *oice ( words %\ld be influ5c$ by ! subject ( y\r writ+4 ,a dignifi$ subject calls = dignifi$ language4 ,a racy subject calls = racy language2 & s on4 ,if y\r !me be a l(ty "o1 d n let d[n ! tra9 ( l(ty ?\ght x %\ld eng5d]1 by introduc+ "s ^w or phrase t induces a mu* l[]--or a diff]5t--plane ( ?\ght & ideas4 ,x is a backw>d policy1 to say ! lea/ ( x1 to weak51 or oblit]ate1 by ill-*os5 language1 ! ideas y set out to fo/] 9 ! read]4 ,x is no ext5uation to plead t ! j>r+ phrase is p>ticul>ly expressive2 if x actually c\nt]acts ! ideas y seek to convey1 x _c be express+ y\r mean+4 ,! beg9n] (t5 gets himself ti$ up 9 a knot ) negatives2 & ev5 if he /e] cle> ( actual error1 he is apt to ov]do himself ) d\ble negatives4 ,x is bett] to make a direct /atem5t 9 ! affirmative if possible1 ?an to involve x 9 negatives4 ,in/ead ( say+ a n uncommon fault1 x is cle>] at fir/ sight if y say a common fault1 or a fairly common fault4 ,i "k x does n always foll[ t ! exact rev]se fulfils ! purpose ( ! d\ble negative2 a fault may be n uncommon & yet n exactly common4 ,nev]!less x is always possible to get ! precise %ade ( mean+ 9 ! affirmative2 & until a writ] is q flu5t1 x is bett] n to risk confus+ ! read]'s m9d by ! introduction ( too _m negatives4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,t5d5cy to ,use ,involv$ ,s5t5ces ,9 ! praisewor?y desire to use f9e ,engli%1 ! beg9n] is v apt to get a s5t5ce su* a mix$-up maze ( words t !re seems little hope ( ! mean+ ev] gett+ out alive at ! o!r end6 ,i take ?is f a ,,ms4 j to h&3-- ,n t h] p>5ts w\ld h entirely agre$ ) ! supposition t !re might h be5 t 9 8 "* :i*1 _h he n felt himself unequal to ! task :i* affect$ him n a little 9 its app>5t issue1 ev5 ?\gh actually simple 9 its ultimate object1 x w\ld h be5 possible = him to utilise to su* an ext5t t he might n h entirely disappo9t$ _! none too sangu9e e/imate ( 8 ability4 ,i admit t all amateurs d n rise to su* cl\d-wrapp$ heights2 b _m are ne>ly z bad6 ,!n1 aga91 ,i h kn[n ! idea ! au?or _h 9 view :5 he />t$ a p>agraph1 to get lo/ half-way ?r\gh6 ,?is is due to ! fact t ! m9d has n be5 tra9$ to su/a9 consecutive ?9k+1 b is p]mitt$ to ve] r\nd to all po9ts ( ! compass l a wea!r-cock4 ,sid5ote3 ,e ,:y ha? a ,:]e=e ,if y enunciate a problem1 see t y give ! solution4 ,if y />t to elucidate "s !ory 7or ! read] is l$ to believe t y are go+ to elucidate x71 d n =get all ab\t x1 & swit* (f to some?+ else4 ,if y h no solution to (f]1 x is wis] & m satisfactory1 z a g5]al rule1 n to put =w>d a problem at ! close4 ,a s5se ( incomplet5ess--or ( some?+ /ill await+ fulfilm5t--is z disa/r\s to ! success ( an article z x is to ! success ( a book4 ,sid5ote3 ,undesirables ,bew>e ( lab\r+ a ?\ght4 ,if y\r po9t is only a slight "o1 d n reit]ate x 9 v>i\s =ms or ov]-embelli% x4 ,if no big idea lies beh9d y\r s5t5ces1 no am\nt ( impressive1 ornate language w make y\r writ+ great4 ,p sometimes ?9k t a fanciful /yle ( writ+ w hide defects2 :]eas1 on ! contr>y1 x (t5 emphasises !m4 ,avoid us+ _m quotation m>ks & italics2 !y make a page look fidgety4 ,also !y indicate weakness4 ,if y\r rem>ks are n /rong en\gh to /& alone1 )\t words or phrases be+ propp$ up by quotes or und]l9+s1 !y are no bett] :5 s decorat$4 ,a lavi% use ( extracts f o!r p's writ+s is undesirable4 ,z ,i h said else:]e1 nei!r ! publi%] nor ! read] is ke5 to pay = :at !y c read--& probably h already read--else:]e4 ,a p$antic /yle ( phraseology1 & a desire to let o!r p see h[ mu* "o kn[s1 are amateur fail+s4 ,"s beg9n]s g to ! o!r extreme1 & adopt a slangy1 purposely-ungrammatical /yle1 ) ! beg9n+s & f9als ( words clipp$ away1 & a cultivat$ slov5l9ess t !y imag9e gives a picturesque quality1 or an ultra up-to-dat5ess1 to _! writ+4 ,b no good "w is ev] built on su* f\ndations4 ,! fir/ ?+ to aim = is cl>ity1 & ! ability to express y\rself 9 an easy1 natural & concise mann]1 always us+ ! fewe/ & ! be/ words = ! purpose1 & employ+ !m accord+ to mod]n me?ods4 ,sid5ote3 ,improbabilities1 misnam$ ,imag9ative ,writ+ ,amateurs (t5 lean t[>ds ! improbable--call+ x imag9ative "w--p>tly because !y fancy !y are less hamp]$ by rules & re/rictions ?an if !y take ev]yday1 mundane subjects4 ,yet--p>adox ?\gh x may seem--! improbable mu/ be b\nd$ by probability 9 its own sph]e2 & imag9ation mu/ be kept )9 def9ite limits & "w accord+ to def9ite =ms--else x is no bett] ?an ! gibb]+s ( an unh+$ m9d4 ,beg9n]s frequ5tly *oose ! moon1 ! />s1 or ! e!r z ! backgr\nd = _! imag9>y *>act]s2 or !y revel 9 aft]-dea? sc5es t are suppos$ to repres5t ! next _w--ei!r ( suff]+ or ( happ9ess4 ,& a fav\rite end+ is some?+ l ?is1 ,sudd5ly ,i awoke1 & lo1 x 0 only a dream1 etc4 ,avoid all ^! hackney$ !mes1 & obvi\s tricks4 ,x takes a ,dante to lead u conv9c+ly ?r\gh ! mazes ( an unkn[n _w4 ,p]haps y feel t y are a ,dante8 ,possibly y are3 greatness mu/ make a />t some:]e4 ,b 9 t case1 !re w be no ne$ = y to /ra9 aft] effect2 g5ius c be ev9c$ 9 ! treatm5t ( ! simple/ subjects4 ,!re=e exp]im5t at ! outset ) ev]yday !mes1 & p]fect y\r /yle 9 ?is direction be=e emb>k+ on a v ambiti\s programme3 we mu/ le>n to walk be=e we c run4 ,! airman does n />t turn+ som]saults ! fir/ "t he goes al(t 7or1 if he does1 t is ! la/ "t we he> ( him1 poor fell[74 ,x is a mi/ake to ?9k t ! undiscipl9$ w&]+s ( an untra9$ m9d betok5 imag9ative g5ius4 ,x is ! way "o h&les ! commonplace t reveals ! true arti/2 & /yle plays an important "p 9 ?is1 ?\gh x is by no means ev]y?+6 ,! "q ( imag9ative "w is big en\gh to des]ve a volume to itself3 mu* has already be5 writt5 on ! subject1 & mu* rema9s to be said--too mu* to make x possible to d x ju/ice 9 a book ( ?is description4 ,b ,i m5tion x "h1 9 pass+1 to w>n ! beg9n] aga9/ sp5d+ mu* "t on "w t is n imag9ative b m]ely impossible1 until ?or\ghly gr\nd$ 9 ! rudim5ts ( 8 craft4 ,sid5ote3 ,pecul>ity is n ,orig9ality ,lit]ature seldom ga9s by peculi>ities ( /yle or m>k$ mann]isms1 ev5 ?\gh ^! are to be f\nd 9 ! works ( c]ta9 writ]s :o are ( unque/ionable ability4 ,su* devices t5d to become monoton\s1 & z a rule ! public w only tol]ate !m :5 ! subject matt] ( a book is s good t x is wor? :ile to pl\gh ?r\gh ! writ]'s mann]isms to get at x--i4e4 mann]isms are put up ) only :5 ! writ] is great 9 spite ( !m3 no "o is great because ( 8 mann]isms2 !y are only sup]ficial di/urbances4 ,i am n say+ ?is to disc\rage any attempt at orig9ality ( /yle2 real orig9ality is usually mo/ desirable2 :at ,i am anxi\s to impress on ! beg9n] is ! fact t m]e peculi>ity is n orig9ality4 ,nor w x b5efit anyone's "w to copy ! mann]isms ( great writ]s--s9ce ^! are (t5 _! defects4 ,sid5ote3 ,mann]isms are soon ,out ( ,date ,x mu/ also be rememb]$ t _m mann]isms are no?+ m ?an fa%ions ( ! mom5t1 j z mo/ slang is2 & 9 ^! rapid times !y quickly become out ( date1 :]eupon !y give a book an antiquat$ t\*4 ,& few ?+s are m difficult to survive ?an an atmosph]e t is m]ely old-fa%ion$ & no?+ m4 ,x w be q "t en\gh1 :5 y are exp]t at writ+ cle>1 und]/&able ,engli%1 to decide :e!r y\r g5ius c be/ f9d expression 9 long & complicat$ s5t5ces z us$ by ,h5ry ,james1 or 9 su* cynical sc9tillations z ^? fav\r$ by ,b]n>d ,%aw1 ,,( 9 ! p>adoxical me?ods ( ,g4 ,k4 ,*e/]ton1 or :at y w4 ,no limit ne$ be set once a p]son has ideas to give ! _w1 & c write !m d[n 9 simple1 direct1 well-*os5 language4 ,! ,ubiquit\s ,fragm5t ,amateurs (t5 ?9k x is mu* easi] to write a fragm5t ?an to write a complete any?+4 ,! "o :o hesitates z to :e!r he has ! ability to write a long /ory1 is q sure he is capable ( writ+ a fragm5t>y bit ( fiction--"o ( ^? vague scraps ) nei!r beg9n+ nor end+ t are always tumbl+ into ! editor's lett]-box--& he feels t all vagu5ess1 & lack ( f9i%1 & ! fact t ! ,,ms4 gets n[h]e1 are sanction$ because he adds1 z a sub-title "s su* qualification z ,an ,episode1 or ,a ,"* ,/udy1 or ,a ,glimpse4 ,9 ! same way a writ] :o is too diffid5t to attempt a volume ( essays1 w feel p]fect confid5ce 9 s5d+ out a ,,ms4 labell$ ,a ,rev]ie1 or ,a ,m$itation1 ev5 ?\gh x be no?+ m ?an a rambl+ collection ( platitudes on ! sunset4 ,9 mo/ cases x is a di/ru/ ( 8 own p[]s t incl9es ! amateur to emb>k on writ+ ( ?is type4 ,sid5ote3 ,a ,fragm5t may be ,incomplete1 b x %\ld n be ,=mless ,fragm5ts may be exce$+ly beautiful2 !y are really mo/ acceptable 9 ?is hurry+ age :5 life (t5 seems too cr[d$ ) "w-a-day c>es to leave u mu* leisure = su/a9$ read+4 ,b !y mu/ embody ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ,=m2 & !y mu/ be con/ruct$ ) ev5 m att5tion to arti/ic pres5tm5t1 7or ! means us$ to captivate ! read]71 ?an w\ld be necess>y = a l5g?i] "w4 ,also1 ?\gh !y are b fragm5t>y1 !y mu/ appe> to be portions ( a desirable :ole1 sections ( a well-f9i%$ piece ( "w4 ,_! app>5t incomplet5ess %\ld seem due to ! au?or hav+ insuffici5t "t--n insuffici5t k--to f9i% !m4 ,:at is set d[n mu/ n only be good "w 9 itself1 b x mu/ sugge/ o!r good "w z a completion4 ,y h probably se5 "s reproduction ( a fragm5t>y p5cil or p5-&-ink sket*1 by an exp]i5c$ arti/1 %[+ only a portion ( a figure or a build+2 yet s sugge/ive t ! onlook] in/9ctively fills 9 ! rema9d]1 & con/ructs out ( ! arti/'s unf9i%$ draw+ a picture complete & beautiful4 ,i h sev]al su* sket*es be=e me on my /udy wall4 ,"o %[s a corn] ( a quadrangle 9 ! prec9cts ( a ca!dral4 ,9 ! backgr\nd !re is a ,go?ic we/ w9d[1 a buttress1 & a piece ( a t[]2 :ile a flight ( /eps 9 a corn] ( ! quadrangle1 a bit ( old-_w /one-"w ar\nd a doorway & w9d[1 a fragm5t ( ro( & a clu/] ( *imneys1 ) half a doz5 l9es indicat+ an anci5t flagg$ walk1 comprise ! rema9d]4 ,only a few in*es ( pap] & a few p5-/rokes--nev]!less in/9ctively ! m9d runs on1 & sees ! :ole ( ! ca!dral 9 ! %ad[y backgr\nd2 ! side ( ! quadrangle pa/ ! old doorway2 ev5 ! /reet beyond ) its cobble /ones & m>ket wom54 ,inde$1 y c visualise all ! life ( ! qua9t sleepy1 ,fr5* t[n if y look long en\gh at ! little fragm5t2 n because x is all indicat$ by ! arti/ & left 9 an incomplete /ate1 b because :at he did put d[n is s vital1 s sugge/ive1 s fraught ) possibilities1 t ! m9d fills 9 all ! blanks1 & fills !m 9 ) beauty correspond+ ) ! specim5 he has %[n u4 ,& :ile we are /udy+ ! sket*1 x may be notic$ t ?\gh ?is is b an unf9i%$ fragm5t1 x is p]fectly balanc$1 & %apely & proportionate z x /&s4 ,! pat* ( light on ! flagg$ pa? is balanc$ by ! %ad[ 9 ! doorway4 ,! flight ( crumbl+ /one /eps1 ! mo/ conspicu\s feature 9 ! =egr\nd1 has be5 drawn ) ! utmo/ pa9s 9 e detail4 ,ev5 ! ca!dral w9d[ loom+ 9 ! backgr\nd has its exquisite trac]y c>efully drawn1 no scamp+ ! "w because x 0 only ! backgr\nd ( an incomplete sket*4 ,9 ! same way1 a fragm5t>y ^w picture %\ld be prop]ly con/ruct$1 & absolutely accurate 9 detail 7s f> z t detail goes71 well proportion$1 c>efully balanc$1 conta9+ di/9ct *>m 9 itself4 ,! backgr\nd may be only lightly indicat$1 b ev5 s1 x %\ld conta9 possibilities--7! ca!dral may be 9 mi/y %ad[1 b y mu/ be able to see en\gh ( x to "k t x is a ca!dral1 & a great ca!dral at t74 ,! c5tral idea mu/ be plac$ well 9 ! =egr\nd1 x %\ld be cle>ly /at$1 & be some?+ wor? call+ an idea4 ,! po9ts y m5tion1 b leave unamplifi$ %\ld be some?+ m ?an w9d[less1 blank walls1 or bl9d alleys lead+ n[h]e2 !y %\ld op5 up fre% vi/as ( ?\ght1 & s5d ! read]'s m9d out & beyond ! limits ( y\r s5t5ces4 ,y\r ^w-picture mu/ be satisfy+ 9 itself1 ev5 ?\gh "o realises t x is b a small "p ( a mu* l>g] :ole t might h be5 writt51 _h "t & space p]mitt$4 ,c]ta9 lit]>y fragm5ts extant are probably portions ( l>ge works ! au?ors _h 9 view b did n f9i%2 ,col]idge's ,kubla ,khan1 = in/ance4 ,! type ( fragm5t ,i am talk+ ab\t 9 ?is *apt]1 h[ev]1 is actually f9i%$1 s f> z ! au?or's h&l+ is conc]n$2 b unf9i%$ 9 detail & sett+1 or ) only a vignett$ backgr\nd4 ,"s writ]s h set d[n a few l9es ) nei!r introduction nor developm5t plot1 yet su* is ! =ce & ! reveal+ quality ( ! s5t5ces !y put d[n1 & ! accuracy ( _! s5se ( selection1 t !y h convey$ z mu*1 & sugge/$ z mu*1 to ! m9d ( ! read] z if !y _h writt5 pages4 ,! foll[+ v]se ( ,william ,all+ham is an example ,"h is a volume ( sugge/ion 9 sev5 l9es4 ,f\r ducks on a pond1 ,a grass bank beyond1 ,a blue sky ( spr+1 ,:ite cl\ds on ! w+3-- ,:at a little ?+ ,to rememb] = ye>s-- ,to rememb] ) te>s6 ,t5nyson wrote "s beautiful fragm5ts4 ,fl[] 9 a ,cranni$ ,wall conta9s a _w ( ?\ght1 & c\ld easily furni% a !me = a r[ ( pond]\s books2 ,break1 break1 break1 has poignant possibilities4 ,william ,%>p1 z ,fiona ,macleod1 wrote "s *>m+ prose fragm5ts2 b beh9d ea* y w inv>iably f9d a complete idea1 & an idea t sugge/s o!rs4 ,practise writ+ fragm5ts by all means1 b see t !y are %apely1 & sugge/ive ( great] space & a bigg] outlook ?an c be measur$ by ! numb] ( s5t5ces4 ,above all1 let ea* embody "s idea--& let !re be no unc]ta9ty z to ! :]eab\ts ( t idea1 no ambiguity z to :at y are driv+ at4 ,to produce a good fragm5t y mu/ d "s int5sive ?9k+1 because y h n space to spread y\rself out4 ,?is w be a ga9 to all y\r writ+4 ,! rambl+1 =mless habit ( ?9k+ is ! bane ( ! amateur1 & ! type ( ,,mss4 result+ !refrom is ! bane ( ! editor4 ,conc]n+ ,local ,col\r ,local col\r c be a p[]ful factor 9 enhanc+ ! *>m ( a /ory or article4 ,x may be introduc$ z ! backgr\nd aga9/ :i* ! sc5e is laid2 or z a sidelight on ! sc5]y1 cu/oms1 & types ( p peculi> to a di/rict4 ,any?+ c be utilis$ t conjures up 9 ! read]'s m9d ! idiosyncrasies ( a def9ite locality--only x mu/ be some?+ t w conjure up ! sc5e4 ,"o advantage ( local col\r is ! opportunity x gives ! writ] ( a d\ble hold on ! read]'s int]e/--he may captivate by ! sett+ ( 8 !me no less ?an by ! !me itself4 ,also x enables him m effectually to take ! read] out ( himself1 & place him 9 a new environm5t--an ess5tial po9t if t read] is to become absorb$ 9 :at he is read+4 ,m]e v]batim description ( sc5]y is n ! be/ way to "w 9 local col\r2 x is liable to become guide-booky4 ,nei!r is a catalogue ( ! beauty spots ( a locality any bett]4 ,usually ! mo/ advantage\s me?od is a judici\s1 illum9at+ t\* "h & !re1 reveal+ out/&+ *>act]i/ics1 & emphasis+ ! mat]ial ?+s t give col\r1 i4e41 v>iety & vivid di/9ction1 to a sc5e4 ,!y may be topographical *>act]i/ics or !y may be p]sonal *>act]i/ics4 ,beg9n]s ?9k t local col\r is prim>ily a matt] ( hills & h$g][s1 sunbonnets & smocks--! picturesque elem5t t we look = 9 ! c\ntryside4 ,b conv]sation c give local col\r to a /ory )\t a s+le descriptive s5t5ce4 ,pett ,ridge c transport y 9 an in/ant to ! he>t ( ,hoxton or ! ,walwor? ,road1 by means ( "s bit ( cockney dialect4 ,w4 ,w4 ,jacobs w give a salty1 f>-sea-f>+ flav\r to ! mo/ untravell$ public-h\se 9 ,popl>1 9 m]ely rec\nt+ a trifl+ diff]5ce ( op9ion betwe5 "s ( ! cu/om]s6 ,local col\r has ju/ifi$ ! exi/5ce ( m ?an "o book t is ?9 bo? 9 lit]>y quality & 9 plot2 ,! ,lady ( ! ,lake is an in/ance4 ,b ,i d n advocate a writ] aim+ = success on simil> l9es4 ,"s words & expressions op5 up a mu* wid] vi/a to ! m9d's eye ?an d o!rs4 ,consid] y\r descriptive passages critically1 & see if1 by a diff]5t *oice ( words1 y c1 9 ! same l5g? ( s5t5ce1 give ! read] a l>g] outlook4 ,sid5ote3 ,am]ican ,writ]s excel 9 ! ,h&l+ ( ,local ,col\r ,"s ,briti% writ]s appreciate to ! full ! arti/ic value ( local col\r 7,rudy>d ,kipl+ & ,mrs4 ,f4 ,a4 ,/eel c make "o feel z well z see ,india2 ,blackmore's books brea! ,devon%ire2 ,lafcadio ,he>n--if "o c call him ,briti%6--envelops "o 9 ! ,ori5tal od\r ( ,japanese temples2 ,%an ,f4 ,bullock's /ories are ,irel& h]self72 b _m ignore its possibilities & set ! sc5e ) a nondescript society backgr\nd1 or an equally non-commital rural haze4 ,am]ican writ]s make r m use ( local col\r4 ,& ! reason is cle>3 no o!r c\ntry pres5ts s great a v>iety 9 ! way ( climate1 sc5]y1 & human types z does ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,an ,am]ican au?or ne$ only sit d[n & write ( :at he sees imm$iately ar\nd him1 &1 s long z he keeps away f su* mod]n items z ! ubiquit\s comm]cial travell] & adv]tisem5t signs1 & devotes 8 att5tion to natural objects & local p>aph]nalia 7human & o!rwise71 he is c]ta9 to be record+ :at is novelty to a l>ge proportion ( 8 fell[-c\ntrym54 ,moreov] ,am]icans are m giv5 to deal+ ) ?+s 9 a /raight=w>d1 unconv5tional mann] ?an are ! ,briti% writ]s1 writ+ ( :at !y actually "k & see ar\nd !m1 unhamp]$ by classical traditions & age-old lit]>y usages4 ,h5ce1 !re is (t5 a fre%ness1 a vividly-alive quality 9 _! descriptions1 t c only be obta9$ by writ+ ) a subject r$-hot 9 ! m9d4 ,! au?or :o m]ely ru%es into ! c\ntry = a few days1 or sp5ds a c\ple ( weeks on ! ,cont95t1 or spr9ts ?r\gh ! ,european ports ( ,*9a1 to obta9 local col\r1 = a /ory1 usually gets ab\t z /agey & artificial a result z does ! home-keep+1 middle-class girl1 :o has h] h]o9e pres5t$ at ! ,c\rt ( ,/4 ,james1 & draws ! local col\r f ! ,society columns ( a daily pap]6 ,y mu/ "k y\r locality well y\rself if y are to make ! local col\r real to y\r read]s2 second-h& or ha/ily collect$ data are no good4 ,! w\ld-be au?or w d well to /udy typically-,am]ican au?ors1 ) a view to obs]v+ _! use ( local col\r--p>ticul>ly ^? :o wrote "s ( _! be/ "w be=e ! motor-c> & telephone ex]cis$ _! levell+ & l9k+-up influ5ces4 ,to "n "o or two3 ,m>y ,e4 ,wilk9s & ,s>ah ,orne ,jewett h specialis$ on ,new ,engl& village life2 ,*>les ,egb]t ,craddock 7,miss ,murfree7 on ! ,great ,smoky ,m\nta9s ( ,t5nessee2 ,george ,cable on ,l\isiana2 ,james ,lane ,all5 on ,k5tucky2 ,amelie ,rives1 9 h] e>li] books1 on ,virg9ia2 etc4 ,& x is wor? :ile not+ t su* writ]s give1 n only pictures ( ! sc5]y ab\t !m1 b also an insight into ! native "*4 ,?us bo? ,m>y ,e4 ,wilk9s & ,s>ah ,orne ,jewett depict$ ! rigid pride ( ! ,new ,engl&]s1 z well z ! poor b picturesque quality ( ! soil4 ,george ,cable %[$ ! temp]am5t ( ! ,s\!rn] z well z ! tropical glam\r ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,ow5 ,wi/] has made u love ! l>ge-he>t$1 *ild-l1 primitive c[boy1 z well z feel ! va/ness & ! v air ( ! pla9s & ! m\nta9s ( ,wyom+4 ,su* "w is local col\r at its be/1 s9ce x gives u ! human traits z well z ! sc5ic conditions pr$om9at+ 9 a locality1 & enables u to =m a m5tal picture ( ! p & ! place z a :ole4 ,closely alli$ to ?is1 is t mo/ fasc9at+ /udy--! effect ( climate1 sc5]y1 & g5]al environm5t on "*4 ,b z t subject is outside ! purview ( ?is book1 ,i m]ely sugge/ x to ! /ud5t z some?+ well wor? foll[+ up1 if !re be an opportunity = fir/-h& obs]vation4 ,= ! noveli/ :o specialises on temp]am5tal del9eation1 x has wide possibilities4 ,creat+ ,atmosph]e ,h y ev] se5 a l&scape pa9t+ t 0 "o expanse ( correctness 9 detail1 & yet seem$ ei!r utt]ly dead1 or to walk out ( ! canvas at e po9t & hit y viol5tly 9 ! eye8 ,su* a pa9t+ (t5 has a bright-r$ til$ ro(--e tile visible & 9 its prop] place2 a viol5tly blue sky decorat$ "h & !re ) solid masses ( app>5tly unmeltable sn[2 grass an acute gre52 trees emphatic z to outl9e1 e bran* cle>ly def9$ 9 its appo9t$ place2 %eep /&+ out l pure-:ite sn[flakes on ! acute grass2 ! smoke f ! cottage *imney a ?ick grey mass sugge/+ a heavy bale ( wool2 ea* brick1 ea* w9d[ frame1 ea* pal+ emphasis$ ) c>eful exactness4 ,! amateur :o produces a pa9t+ aft] ?is /yle is usually v pleas$ ) x1 & attributes any adv]se criticism1 t a compet5t arti/ may pass ^u x1 to pr(essional jeal\sy6 ,:at is wrong ) x8 ,i h he>d a /ud5t ask1 :5 a ma/] has condemn$ su* a canvas4 ,x 0 all !re1 e detail1 exactly z ,i h pa9t$ x4 ,yes1 x may h be5 all !re1 b some?+ else 0 !re :i* ! arti/ omitt$ to include1 & ! some?+ else 0 atmosph]e4 ,! arti/ may put 9 e twig & tile1 e plant & pane ( glass2 b if he omit ! play ( light1 ! glam\r ( haze1 ! my/]y ( %ad[1 ! m>vell\s sugge/iv5ess ( ! undef9$1 8 pa9t+ w be lifeless & wood51 or altoge!r unbalanc$1 no matt] h[ accurate ! draw+4 ,equally1 ! au?or ne$s atmosph]e if 8 writ+ is to rise above ! dead level ( ! un9spir$2 b :ile "o c def9e to "s ext5t 7?\gh n entirely7 :at is atmosph]e 9 a pa9t+1 x is next to impossible to give an exact def9ition ( atmosph]e 9 writ+4 ,x is an elusive quality difficult to describe (f-h&4 ,s intangible is x t y c seldom put y\r f+] on a passage & say1 ,"h x is6 yet all ! :ile y may be fully consci\s ( !re be+--back ( ! writ+--some?+ m ?an plot1 or purpose4 ,! atmosph]e ( a book may app]ta9 to matt]s moral or mat]ial2 x may affect ! m9d or ! emotions2 x may be b5eficial or baneful2 x may give col\r or glam\r1 light or %ade2 x may be my/]i\s or mesm]ic4 ,b :atev] its tr5d1 9 ! ma9 x lies 9 sugge/iv5ess r ?an 9 def9ite /atem5t4 ,l its prototype1 atmosph]e 9 writ+ is an unse5 environm5t1 yet x p]meates & influ5ces ! :ole1 giv+ x "* & ev5 vitality4 ,sid5ote3 ,atmosph]e is ,invaluable z a ,"t ,sav] ,9 writ+ x is possible to sugge/ a great deal t c\ld n be describ$ 9 detail )9 ! limits impos$ on y by ! l5g? ( y\r book & ! consid]ation ( balance4 ,moreov]1 ! ?+s sugge/$ may be ( second>y importance beside ! ma9 action ( ! /ory1 & yet be v useful 9 fur!r+ ! idea y h 9 m9d1 or 9 help+ to convey a p>ticul> impression4 ,9 su* cases ! introduction ( atmosph]e may d mu* = y4 ,:ile y give only a h9t "h & !re1 or a few sidelights 9 pass+1 y may yet manage to convey to ! read]s a feel+ t c>ries !m beyond ! cut-&-dri$ facts y may be h&l+1 or lifts !m above ! m]e work+-out ( a plot4 ,x is ! haze t may hide1 & yet indicate1 a some?+ 9 ! di/ance1 j beyond ! range ( sight--& ! sugge/ion ( some?+ /ill beyond is always allur+2 ! inf9ite )9 u rebels aga9/ f9ite limitations1 & welcomes any?+ t po9ts to fur!r ideas1 fur!r possibilities4 ,?us atmosph]e is invaluable z a "t sav]4 ,life is too %ort 7& ! publi%] too *>y ( 8 pap] & pr9t+ bill7 to all[ any ( u1 save ! truly fam\s1 to describe m9utely ! :ole backgr\nd ( our writ+1 spiritual1 m5tal1 or mat]ial4 ,if we c1 by a few expressive words1 or phrases1 create an atmosph]e t %all reproduce 9 ! read]'s m9d ! tra9 ( ?\ght1 or ! sc5e1 t 0 9 our own m9d z we wrote1 we %all1 obvi\sly1 be sp>$ ! mak+ ( _m s5t5ces1 & ! cov]+ ( mu* pap] ) descriptive matt] & s\l analyses1 t might o!rwise ov]weight our ma9 !me4 ,sid5ote3 ,ab/ract ,qualities are ,usually ,sugge/$ ,atmosph]e usually sugge/s "s ab/ract quality r ?an a concrete item4 ,we say t a "w has an outdoor atmosph]e or an old-_w atmosph]e or a heal?y atmosph]e2 or we may m]ely say x has atmosph]e1 mean+ a subtle ov]- 7or "u-7 curr5t t clo!s ! framework ( ! n>rative ) a glam\r or a spiritual quality t w help to re9=ce1 or mell[1 or illum9ate ! au?or's picture4 ,b we d n say a book has a millionaire atmosph]e1 or a detective atmosph]e1 ev5 ?\gh ! book be ab\t ^! p4 ,!y correspond ) ! solid objects 9 ! l&scape1 & are q di/9ct f ! atmosph]ic effects t c d s mu* to enhance ! *>m1 or subdue ! sordidness1 ( ^! solid objects4 ,x does n necess>ily foll[ t ! atmosph]e ( a book is a :olesome "o4 ,!re are "s writ]s :o create a positively poison\s atmosph]e = ! m9d2 b1 =tunately1 ! tr5d ( humanity is 9 ! direction ( clean ?\ght & :olesome liv+1 ev5 ?\gh our progress be sl[ & we enc\nt] set-backs2 & vici\s books are seldom long-liv]s1 :ile ^? ! public call = aga9 & aga9 are inv>iably books ) a heal?y atmosph]e4 ,! /ud5t might make a special note ( ?is6 ,atmosph]e 9 a well-writt5 book is (t5 s unobtrusive t ! read] fails to recognise x z a specific elem5t 9 ! make-up ( ! /ory t did n get !re by accid5t4 ,x is s easy to fall into ! error ( ?9k+ t ?is or t *>act]i/ic or +r$i5t is due to ! au?or's /yle1 or temp]am5t1 or g5ius2 c]ta9ly x may be due to ei!r or all ( ^! ?+s1 b if x is wor? any?+ x is also due to a well-?\ght-out s*eme on ! "p ( ! writ]4 ,9 o!r words1 atmosph]e only gets into a "w if x is put !re4 ,x does n m]ely happ5 along1 & if y want y\r writ+ to be imbu$ ) atmosph]e1 y mu/ supply x2 x won't come ( itself4 ,& be=e y c supply x1 y mu/ fir/ ?9k out :at y want t atmosph]e to be & !n decide h[ be/ y c secure x4 ,sid5ote3 ,atmosph]e cov]s a ,wide ,range ( ,sugge/ion ,x may h to d ) spiritual aspects ( life--high ideals1 fai?1 heal?y ?\ght1 "r liv+4 ,rusk9's ,sesame & ,lilies comes "u ?is head1 ev5 ?\gh ! subject-matt] is n religi\s accord+ to our ord9>y use ( ! ^w4 ,f beg9n+ to end "o is ?9k+ on a high] plane ?an t ( mat]ial consid]ation2 "o's ?\ghts are cont9ually bran*+ out beyond ! actual purport ( ! book z set =? by ! au?or4 ,an old-_w atmosph]e has a special *>m = _m read]s4 ,we f9d x 9 ,cran=d1 ,jane ,au/5's books1 & _m o!rs ( a bygone p]iod--?\gh x %\ld be notic$ t 9 ^! cases ! au?ors did n purposely incorporate x 9 _! "w4 ,!y put atmosph]e1 c]ta9ly2 b x has only become an old-_w atmosph]e by ! c\rtesy ( ,fa!r ,"t3 9 _! own day1 ^! books 7 q up-to-date productions4 ,c]ta9 mod]n books h an old-_w atmosph]e--,! ,broad ,highway & ,our ,admirable ,betty1 by ,jeff]y ,f>nol2 ,:5 ,knigh?ood 0 9 ,fl[]1 by ,*>les ,major 7& _m o!rs w occur to ! m9d72 b 9 ea* case ! old-_w atmosph]e _h to be put !re v c>efully by ! au?or4 ,! hy/]ical atmosph]e ne$s no description4 ,we "k too well ! type ( book t keeps its *>act]s 7& aims to keep its read]s71 f ! fir/ *apt] to ! la/1 key$ up to an unnatural pit* ( emotionalism1 ) copi\s details ab\t ev]ybody's s\lful feel+s & temp]am5ts & l+]ie4 ,books ) ?is atmosph]e 7 con/antly /riv+ to get _! heads above wat] 9 ! ye>s ( ?is c5tury prec$+ ! w>4 ,!y are int]e/+ f "o1 & only "o1 po9t ( view3 !y indicate ! diseas$ m5tality t has always come to ! surface 9 p]iods ( ! _w's hi/ory prior to "s great human upheaval4 ,a pessimi/ic atmosph]e is fairly common--especially does x seem to f9d fav\r ) "y writ]s4 ,"o ( ! be/ examples ( a book ) a really pessimi/ic atmosph]e is ! ,rubaiyat ( ,om> ,khayyam4 ,atmosph]e has sometimes trans=m$ ! commonplace into some?+ r>e & delightful4 ,our ,village1 by ,miss ,mit=d1 is an in/ance4 ,"h y h ! mo/ ord9>y ( ev]yday ev5ts describ$ 9 su* a way t !y are inve/$ ) a halo ( *>m4 ,sid5ote3 ,to ,create an ,atmosph]e ,to create ! atmosph]e y desire1 y mu/ be ?or\ghly imbu$ ) x y\rself--y _c manufacture x out ( no?+4 ,x mu/ s possess y :ile y are at y\r "w t x is liable to t+e all y write4 ,y w nev] make o!r p s5se :at y d n s5se y\rself4 ,= in/ance1 x w\ld n be possible = an out-&-out pagan to write a book ) a sympa!tic evangelical atmosph]e1 any m ?an ! ,kais] c\ld write a book imbu$ ) ! _s ( true ,democracy4 ,!n y mu/ ins9uate y\r atmosph]e at times & seasons :5 x w make ! mo/ impression on ! read] )\t int]f]+ )1 or h9d]+1 ! developm5t ( ! /ory2 rememb]+ t x is always bett] to sugge/ ! atmosph]e ?an to put x 9 ) heavy /rokes4 ,y may wi% to make a /ory ! v brea? ( ! out-doors4 ,b 9 ord] to d ?is1 x w\ld n be necess>y to /op all ! *>act]s 9 :atev] !y 7 say+ or do+1 :ile y describe sc5]y & sunsets1 or expla9 to ! read] h[ out-doory ev]y?+ & ev]ybody is6 ,?is w\ld easily spoil ! cont9uity & fl[ ( ! :ole1 by swit*+ ! read]'s m9d (f ! plot & on to ano!r tra9 ( ?\ght4 ,in/ead1 y w\ld make ! :ole book out-doory )\t any po9t$ explanation--sett+ ! /age 9 ! op5 air z mu* z possible1 emphasis+ ! features ( ! l&scape r ?an b\doir decorations1 m5tion+ ! s\nd ( ! s\gh+ trees or ! surg+ sea1 r ?an ! tune ! gramophone 0 play+2 introduc+ ! sc5t ( ! l>*es 9 ! spr+ sun%9e r ?an ! od\r ( tub]oses & /ephanotis 9 a ballroom4 ,9 ea* case ! "o w\ld sugge/ fre$om 9 ! op5 air1 :ile ! o!r w\ld sugge/ conv5tionalities indoors4 ,9 "s su* way1 y w\ld rely on t\*es 9 pass+ to produce ! desir$ effect1 always be>+ 9 m9d ! importance ( gett+ ^! t\*es z tell+ z possible4 ,su* allusions 7(t5 m]ely h9t$ at1 r ?an spok57 %\ld be equal 9 effectiv5ess to long p>agraphs ( detail$ description2 !re=e1 *oose c>efully ! means by :i* y hope to secure y\r end4 ,y\r t\*es mu/ be s true & s sure t !y in/antly convey to ! read]'s m9d y\r own m5tal atmosph]e4 ,9 ?is1 z mu* z 9 any o!r phase ( writ+1 y ne$ an in/9ct = ! ess5tials1 i4e4 a feel+ t tells y in/antly :at w contribute mo/ surely to ! mak+ ( ! atmosph]e y desire1 & :at is relatively unimportant4 ,atmosph]e is ! elem5t 9 y\r "w t c lea/ ( all be fak$ )\t detection--or cribb$ f o!r writ]s4 ,x mu/ p]meate ! :ole ( y\r /ory :e!r long or %ort1 & be some?+ beyond ! m]e words y write d[n4 ,! read]s mu/ feel1 :5 !y f9ally close ! book1 t !y h got m f y ?an :at y actually said2 t y l$ _! ?\ghts 9 directions t c>ri$ !m (f ! highway ( ! obvi\s1 giv+ !m visions ( ?+s t 7 unrecord$4 ,! ,me?od ( ,pres5t+ a ,/ory ,! me?od ( pres5t+ ! /ory ne$s a little consid]ation4 ,! mo/ common1 & ! mo/ desirable z a rule1 is ! n>rative1 told 9 a ?ird p]son2 i4e4 ! writ] relates a /ory ab\t c]ta9 p1 b does n himself pose z a "* involv$ 9 ! /ory4 ,beg9n]s w d well to adh]e to ?is type ( /ory1 until !y h atta9$ to a c]ta9 am\nt ( flu5cy ) _! ideas4 ,sid5ote3 ,writ+ 9 ! ,fir/ ,p]son ,ano!r popul> me?od is ! n>rative told 9 ! fir/ p]son1 i4e4 ! writ] relates a /ory ab\t c]ta9 p1 9 :i* he also plays a m or less important "p4 ,if well writt51 ?is =m makes a pleasant *ange f ! /ory writt5 9 ! ?ird p]son2 b x necessitates a c]ta9 am\nt ( exp]i5ce on ! "p ( ! writ]1 if x is to be sav$ f dulness4 ,moreov]1 its limitations are hamp]+ to ! beg9n]4 ,if y are writ+ 9 ! ?ird p]son1 y1 z ! au?or1 are all[$ 7by t special concession grant$ to mak]s ( fiction7 to "k ev]y?+ t e "* 9 y\r /ory ?9ks or does4 ,y may relate 9 "o p>agraph :at ! h]o 0 ?9k+ & do+ 9 ,san ,francisco1 & 9 ! next :at ! h]o9e 0 ?9k+ & do+ at ! same mom5t 9 ,new ,york4 ,b if y are writ+ 9 ! fir/ p]son1 y h n ! same lic5ce to roam all ov] ! univ]se1 p5etrat+ ! deepe/ recesses ( p's lives & lay+ b>e _! secret ?\ghts to ! gl>e ( day4 ,y are suppos$ to /ick to y\r own "p & m9d y\r own bus9ess4 ,if y manage to f9d out o!r p's bus9ess z ! /ory proce$s1 !re mu/ be "s sort ( circum/antial evid5ce z to h[ y f\nd x out2 x w n be en\gh m]ely to /ate t x is s1 z y c\ld d 7 y writ+ 9 ! ?ird p]son4 ,= in/ance1 9 a ,,ms4 ,i pick up f ! pile on my table ,i read3 ,he paus$ :5 he rea*$ ! draw+-room door & gl>$ at h]1 livid ) rage4 ,%e return$ 8 look ) "o ( haughty indiff]5ce4 ,!n he left ! h\se1 & z he walk$ along ! *e]less /reets1 he cl5*$ 8 fi/s & hiss$ betwe5 8 tee?1 ',y %all suff] = ?is4' ,%e1 mean:ile1 rang ! bell = tea & resum$ ! novel ^u :i* %e _h be5 engag$ :5 he arriv$4 ,told 9 ! ?ird p]son1 x is easy to let ! read] "k :at he & %e 7 ?9k+ & say+ & do+ at ! same mom5t4 ,b suppos+ y 7 writ+ all ?is 9 ! fir/ p]son ) y\rself z ! h]o9e1 x w\ld n be s easy to convey ! same in=mation to ! read]4 ,y c\ld write3 ,he paus$ :5 he rea*$ ! draw+-door & gl>$ at me1 livid ) rage4 ,i return$ 8 look ) "o ( haughty indiff]5ce4 ,!n he left ! h\se1 & ,i rang ! bell = tea & resum$ ! novel ^u :i* ,i _h be5 engag$ :5 he arriv$4 ,b if y wi%$ to let ! read] "k h[ ! bad-temp]$ creature cl5*$ & hiss$1 y w\ld h to get at x by "s r\nd-ab\t means--y\r de>e/ fri5d might call at ! mom5t & tell y t %e _h j pass$ him 9 ! *e]less /reet cl5*+ & hiss+2 or "s o!r su* device c\ld be employ$4 ,b all ?is involves extra ?\ght & c>e 9 ! con/ruction ( ! /ory4 ,sid5ote3 ,a ,/umbl+-block to ! ,amateur ,amateurs are mu* giv5 to /ory-writ+ 9 ! fir/ p]son2 x seems su* an easy me?od 7:5 !y "k no?+ ab\t x72 !y inv>iably see !mselves 9 a lead+ "p1 & make ! h]o or h]o9e d & be all !y !mselves w\ld l to d & be4 ,b !y nev] g f> be=e !y trip up aga9/ ?is block ( /umbl+--! impossibility ( ! fir/ p]son s+ul> ,i be+ 9 two places at ! same "t1 & see+ inside p's he>ts & bra9s1 to say no?+ ( _! lock$ cupbo>ds & secret draw]s4 ,also1 ! beg9n] is apt to =get ! role he is suppos$ to be play+ :5 he puts himself into a /ory1 & he lapses1 at int]vals1 into ! ?ird p]son4 ,sometimes1 9 ord] to dodge ! difficulties1 an au?or w write "o "p 9 ! =m ( a di>y1 ?us enabl+ a "* to talk ab\t h]self 7x is usually a fem99e "* :o keeps a di>y674 ,!n1 :5 ! limitations ( ! fir/ p]son s+ul> hamp] ! progress ( ! /ory1 ! di>y is dropp$ = a "t1 :ile ! au?or revels 9 ! all-embrac+ fre$om ( writ+ 9 ! ?ird p]son4 ,?is is a weak me?od1 h[ev]1 & pla9ly a subt]fuge2 be+ practically an ann\ncem5t t ! au?or c\ld n or w\ld n take ! tr\ble to "w ! /ory ?r\gh 9 correct =m4 ,x is also bad f an arti/ic /&po9t2 x does n hang toge!r well2 pa/ & pres5t t5ses are apt to get mix$2 x produces an unsatisfactory feel+ 9 ! m9d ( ! read]1 :o s (t5 is 9 d\bt z to :e!r ! au?or is writ+ z a "* 9 ! /ory or m]ely z ! au?or--& any?+ t leaves a confus$1 unsatisfactory feel+ 9 ! read]'s m9d is poor art4 ,sid5ote3 ,writ+ a ,/ory 9 ! ,=m ( a ,di>y ,a /ory writt5 entirely 9 ! =m ( a di>y is sometimes attempt$4 ,& closely alli$ to ?is is ! /ory writt5 z a s]ies ( lett]s4 ,bo? me?ods are popul> ) amateurs4 ,mo/ p reg>d a di>y z ! simple/ type ( writ+1 requir+ nei!r /yle nor sequ5ce1 nor ev5 ! ?9ne/ ?read ( connection runn+ ?r\gh ! :ole1 unless ! au?or s desires4 ,moreov]1 ?\gh e "o does n feel compet5t to write a book or ev5 a %ort /ory1 we all feel compet5t to keep a di>y--mo/ ( u h kept "o at "s "t 9 our c>e]4 ,:at c be easi] !re=e ?an to write a /ory 9 di>y =m8 ,& we proce$ to write our /ory z we wrote our own di>y1 ) ?is diff]5ce t we put into ! fiction di>y ! sort ( happ5+s we us$ to deplore ! lack (1 :5 we wrote d[n our own daily exp]i5ces4 ,until we h giv5 "s /udy to ! subject we d n recognise t1 :ile a s]ies ( some:at disconnect$ s5t5ces & brief entries may be v useful z records = future ref]5ce1 likewise may be mod]ately s]viceable z safety-valves = ov]wr\ght1 self-c5tr$ temp]am5ts1 !y are seldom ( int]e/ to any "o save ! writ]1 & if put =w>d z recreational read+1 may easily prove un9t]e/+ 9 ! extreme1 ev5 ) ! addition ( a love episode6 ,a /ory 9 di>y =m ne$s to be writt5 by an exp]i5c$ p5 if x is to resemble a g5u9e di>y1 & yet hold ! read]'s int]e/ ?r\gh\t1 & culm9ate 9 a good climax4 ,sid5ote3 ,a ,/ory told 9 ,lett]s ,a /ory told 9 a s]ies ( lett]s c easily be ! dulle/ ?+ imag9able4 ,:at is an excell5t lett] seldom makes an excell5t *apt] 9 a novel4 ,a lett]1 if x is to seem a real lett]1 %\ld be discursive2 & ?is is ! v ?+ ! amateur ne$s to gu>d aga9/ :5 writ+ a /ory1 if t /ory is to %[ =ce & action2 he is prone to be too discursive z x is4 ,9 any case1 unless x is rem>kably well done1 ! read] *afes at ! delay inevitably caus$ by ! irrelevant small talk t is ! hallm>k ( mo/ lett]s4 ,"s writ]s h manag$ to h&le ! lett]-=m 9 an int]e/+ mann]1 by rely+ on descriptive n>rative1 r ?an any /rik+ plot1 to hold ! read]4 ,! ,lady ( ! ,decoration by ,frances ,little1 is a good example4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,introduction ( ,dialect ,dialect %\ld be approa*$ ) caution4 ,x is s easy to be t$i\s & un9telligible 9 ?is direction4 ,rememb] t y are writ+ 9 :at is almo/ a fre% language to mo/ p1 :5 y employ a dialect t is purely local2 h5ce y are impos+ an extra m5tal /ra9 on ! read]2 & 9 ord] to comp5sate = ! additional dem& y make on 8 bra91 y mu/ give him some?+ above ! av]age 9 int]e/4 ,no "o1 9 ^! days ( hu/le1 is go+ to take ! tr\ble to wade ?r\gh a species ( unkn[n tongue1 & wre/le ) weird spell+ & unfamili> idiom1 unless !re is some?+ rem>kably wor? :ile to be got out ( x4 ,& = "o :o w sp>e ! "t to fa?om ! my/]ies ( ! dialect1 !re are ?\s&s :o w give x up4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,object ,( ,writ+ a ,book is n to ,befog ! ,read]'s ,m9d ,if x be necess>y to write 9 a p>ticul> dialect1 avoid s f> z possible ! use ( expressions t 9 no way expla9 !mselves1 & cr[d+ ! pages ) ! m obscure colloquialisms ( ! di/rict4 ,! object ( writ+ a book is n to befog ! read]'s m9d4 ,"o kn[s t dialect is sometimes imp]ative 9 ord] to create ! "r atmosph]e & to /ate ?+s z !y actually occurr$4 ,9 su* cases x is usually be/ to use x only 9 small quantities--z :]e a native /rolls across v few pages1 & is on view = only a %ort :ile4 ,yet y mu/ see t y\r dialect is correct4 ,m]ely to write a few words phonetically1 & put a z 9 place ( an s 7z is sometimes done1 = in/ance1 :5 mak+ a native ( ,som]set speak71 is n conv9c+4 ,to write a /ory ?r\gh\t 9 dialect calls = exceptional skill2 &1 z a rule1 x c only be done successfully by ^? :o h kn[n a dialect f *ildhood1 or at any rate h sp5t "s ye>s 9 its company4 ,! names ( ,sir ,james ,b>rie & ,s4 ,r4 ,crockett naturally come to "o's m9d 9 ?is connection4 ,sid5ote3 ,an ,hone/ ,tale spe$s be/ be+ ,pla9ly ,told ,! beg9n] w be wise to write 8 e>ly exp]im5ts 9 pla9 ,engli% & 9 ! ?ird p]son4 ,fiction t is free f confusion ( /yle1 mix$ me?ods1 & unc]ta9ty ( h&l+ always does ! be/4 ,! /ory t is relat$ 9 a cle> direct mann] is mo/ popul> ) ! public--likewise1 x is ! mo/ difficult to write well1 ?\gh few beg9n]s believe ?is3 x looks s v simple6 ,fallacies 9 ,fiction ,i h come to ! conclusion t ! contr>9ess ( human nature is l>gely responsible = ! rejection ( _m ( ! ,,mss4 t nev] get into pr9t2 b n ! contr>9ess ( ! editor 7z ! unsuccessful writ] g5]ally ?9ks :5 he sees 8 ,,ms4 back once m 9 ! bosom ( 8 family74 ,mo/ ( u1 at "o p]iod or ano!r1 feel we c\ld %9e mu* m brilliantly 9 "s o!r environm5t ?an ! "o 9 :i* we f9d ourselves4 ,x has be5 describ$ z a div9e discont5t4 ,!re is pl5ty ( discont5t ab\t x1 ,i all[2 b ,i am n s sure t x is div9e4 ,:ile x may be1 & (t5 is1 ! expression ( a real ne$ = a little m gr[+ space1 x is sometimes ! outcome ( m]e re/lessness1 or a lazy1 selfi% desire to escape ! irksome ?+s t are 9 our own surr\nd+s1 va9ly imag9+ t we c f9d "s pa?way 9 life :]e !re are no disagreeables to be fac$4 ,b :atev] ! motive may be1 !re is a univ]sal idea among ! inexp]i5c$ t "s o!r p]son's job is pref]able to _! own2 "s "o else's circum/ances m int]e/+ & romantic & dramatic & en?rall+ ?an !irs c\ld ev] be4 ,& ! result is--mu* wa/$ opportunity4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,amateur s ,seldom has ,fir/-h& ,k ( 8 ,subject ,n[ ! sum-total ( ?is1 9 reg>d to /ory-writ+1 is ! fact t fully #hj p] c5t4 ( ! fiction submitt$ to editors deals ) situations ( :i* ! writ] has practically no fir/-h& k2 z a natural consequ5ce x is unconv9c+ & (t5 incorrect4 ,! s*oolgirl :o has nev] travell$ beyond ,folke/one or ,b\logne1 & ^: k ( fe>some weapons is limit$ to a hockey-/ick1 riots "o across ! ,cont95t on a ,prison] ( ,z5da *ase1 directly %e />ts to write4 ,! girl ( tw5ty1 liv+ a quiet1 useful life 9 "s small prov9cial t[n1 9 close att5dance ^u a k9dly invalid aunt1 devotes ! secret midnight c&le to writ+ ! life-/ory ( a he>tless butt]fly ( a fai?less wife3 :ile ! k9dly invalid aunt is surreptiti\sly writ+ decor\s mid-,victorian /ories ( v1 v mild wick$ness com+ to a politely bad end1 & oppressively good virtue arriv+ at ! top 7) m moral advice ?an plot1 or any?+ else74 ,! niece imag9es %e is writ+ j ! type ( /ory t ! public craves2 & ! aunt is "u ! delusion t h]s is j ! sort ( lit]ature t is want$ = di/ribution among factory girls4 ,! maid5 ( high degree writes ( ! lily-:ite beauty ( ! girl 9 ! grimy g>ret4 ,! democratic daught] ( ! colonies inv>iably spr9kles a few titles ab\t h] ,,ms4 ,be=e ! w>1 ! anaemic "y man 9 a city (fice1 :o sp5t mo/ ( ! ye> 9 a cr[d$ suburb & 8 %ort vacation at "s cr[d$ sea%ore resort1 p]si/5tly wrote ( ! exploits ( a m>vell\s detective :o ran ,sleu?-h\nd ,bill to e>? 9 ,gory ,gul*4 ,s9ce #aiad1 he 7! "y man7 has s5t me _m ,,mss4--f ,france1 ,salonika1 ,egypt1 ,india1 & ,fl&]s--& ^! are g5]ally love /ories1 & seldom be> a trace ( battle-smoke or high adv5ture4 7,i am speak+ ( amateur "w1 rememb]47 ,i h no?+ to say aga9/ a desire = new horizons2 x is a legitimate "p ( our developm5t4 ,& ,i c und]/& t = a c]ta9 type ( weakly & r />v$ p]sonality !re is a slight comp5sation = ! lack ( *ange !y crave1 9 putt+ d[n on pap] _! long+s & ideals1 & 9 writ+ romance 9 :i* !y secretly see !mselves 9 ! lead+ "p4 ,b ?is is n saleable matt]2 nei!r is x p>ticul>ly readable matt]1 z a g5]al rule 7?\gh !re are occasional exceptions1 ( c\rse74 ,because 9 su* cases ! writ]s are inv>iably deal+ ) situations ! inw>dness ( :i* !y "k really no?+4 ,or else all _! k has be5 obta9$ f ! writ+s ( o!rs2 !y are m]ely repeat+ o!r p's ideas & o!r p's descriptions4 ,sid5ote3 ,*oose y\r ,topic f y\r own ,environm5t ,y _c write conv9c+ly on topics ab\t :i* y "k little4 ,y c cov] reams ( pap]--amateurs are do+ x e day ( ! ye>6--) descriptions ( p1 & h\ses1 & sc5es1 & walks ( life ) :i* y h only a he>say acqua9tance2 b su* writ+ is sc>cely likely to be wor? pr9t+ & pay+ =4 ,if ! s*oolgirl1 in/ead ( wa/+ h] "t on some?+ t reads l a wa%$\t re*auffe ( ,! ,sc>let ,pimp]nel1 w\ld try h] h& at a /ory ( s*oolgirl life1 %e might produce some?+ really bright & alive1 ev5 ?\gh x lack$ ! symmetry & f9i% t ye>s ( practice br+ to a writ]4 ,& ?\gh ! ,,ms4 did n f9d a m>ket at ! "t1 on acc\nt ( immaturity ( /yle1 x might prove valuable lat] on :5 ! writ] _h ga9$ exp]i5ce4 ,x w\ld give h] data %e _h =gott5 9 ! int]v5+ ye>s4 ,& ! girl :o sp5ds h] ink on ! phil&]+s ( ! fai?less wife 7a species1 by ! way1 t %e has probably nev] set eyes on1 hav+ be5 br\ght up l mo/ ( ! re/ ( u 9 a dec5t circle ( sane relations & fri5ds7 might1 p]haps1 h done "s *>m+ pictures ( dome/ic life1 z did ! au?ors ( ,cran=d & ,little ,wom5 9 _! day4 ,if ! aunt1 in/ead ( hop+ to influ5ce factory girls ( :om %e kn[s absolutely no?+1 & ^: conv]sation1 c\ld %e b he> x1 w\ld be an un9telligible language to h]1 _h turn$ h] invalidism to practical acc\nt1 & pass$ on useful h9ts & ideas to o!r invalids1 %e might h writt5 some?+ t w\ld h be5 welcom$ by o!rs simil>ly h&icapp$4 ,& s on1 d[n to ! city cl]k1 :o nev] c be made to realise t a type ( /ory mo/ difficult to lay h&s on is ! "o t deals1 accurately1 ) ! inside ( t _w peopl$ by ! bank]s & /ockbrok]s & money magnates4 ,! detective track+ ,sleu?-h\nd ,bill has ! tame/ walk-ov] 9 comp>ison ) ! d>+1 & t5se excitem5t1 surr\nd+ "s f9ancial deals4 ,sid5ote3 ,orig9al ,"w is r>e3 ! ,univ]sal ,t5d5cy is to ,copy ,i d n say t ^! writ]s w\ld necess>ily h plac$ _! ,,mss4 _h !y writt5 on ! l9es sugge/$2 x takes some?+ besides ! !me & backgr\nd to make a good /ory4 ,b ,i d say t !y w\ld h be5 _m degrees ne>] publication1 _h !y dealt ) types & circum/ances t _h come )9 _! p]sonal cognisance1 r ?an ) ^? !y only knew by he>say4 ,! outsid] w\ld sc>cely cr$it h[ r>e x is = an editor to receive a piece ( really orig9al "w2 ! univ]sal t5d5cy is to copy o!r p's productions r ?an tr\ble to discov] orig9al models4 ,! s*oolgirl1 /udy+ wat]-col\r draw+1 pref]s to "w f a copy1 %[+ "s o!r p]son's pa9t+ ( a vase ( fl[]s1 r ?an h h] own vase fill$ ) real fl[]s be=e h]4 ,"s "o else's "w saves ! inexp]i5c$ ! responsibility ( selection--& selection is always a difficult po9t = ! beg9n]1 :o f9ds x h>d to decide :at to include 91 & :at to leave out (1 a picture4 ,sid5ote3 ,beg9n]s are ,seldom ,aw>e t !y are ,copy+ o!rs ,9 ! same way1 inexp]i5c$ fiction writ]s f9d x easi] to copy o!r p's /ories2 ?\gh1 unlike ! s*oolgirl & h] pa9t+-copy1 !y are q unconsci\s t !y are do+ s2 !y usually imag9e t :at !y h writt5 is entirely orig9al4 ,x is difficult to get ! novice to di/+ui% betwe5 writ+ any?+ d[n on pap]1 & creat+ x 9 8 own bra94 ,s _m ?9k ! m]e pass+ ( ?\ghts ?r\gh ! bra91 & ! transmitt+ ( ^? ?\ghts to pap]1 are indications ( _! ability to write2 & t :at !y write mu/ be orig9al4 ,& yet 9 mo/ beg9n]s' ,,mss4 sc>cely any ( ! incid5ts1 or situations1 or plots ev] came )9 ! writ]'s own purview2 ! majority are ha%$ up f ! _m /ories "o reads n[adays--?\gh ! au?or has no idea t he is only /r++ toge!r select$ ideas t orig9at$ 9 o!r p's bra9s4 ,!re are _m reasons to acc\nt = ?is4 ,= "o ?+1 ! novice feels safe 9 us+ ! type ( mat]ial t has already be5 publi%$4 ,! _w is wide1 human nature is v>i$1 & x is n easy to decide :at to take2 !re=e ! writ] :o plans 8 /ory on "t-hon\r$ l9es is reliev$ ( ! responsibility ( selection4 ,!n1 aga91 if a p>ticul> type ( /ory has be5 accept$ & publi%$1 x has receiv$ a c]ta9 hall-m>k ( approval1 & =?) o!rs tread ! same pa?2 !re is less unc]ta9ty "h ?an 9 break+ new gr\nd4 ,!re is yet ano!r reason3 to evolve any?+ t is new & unhackney$ necessitates our tak+ tr\ble2 & "s amateurs w n take any m tr\ble ?an !y c possibly help2 !y d n recognise t writ+ /&s = h>d "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,tri$ ,old ,fri5ds we h ,met be=e ,i _c sp>e ! space to t\* on well-worn plots1 b "h are a few ( ! s5t5ces & expressions t haunt amateur ,,mss4 ,h y ev] read a /ory t op5$1 ,x 0 a glori\s day 9 ,june1 foll[$ by a page ( blue sky1 balmy breezes1 humm+ bees1 n a leaf /irr$1 & sc5t ( roses heavy on ! air8 ,( c\rse y h4 ,we all h4 ,t glori\s day 9 ,june is "o ( ! mo/ preci\s p]5nials ( ! /ory-writ]'s /ock-9-trade4 ,y "k at once t tw5ty summ]s w h pass$ o'er h] head1 & t he is j r\nd ! corn] wait+ to come ^u h] all unaw>es1 s soon z ! au?or c quit catalogu+ nature's beauties4 ,& h y ev] read a /ory t op5$ ) ,a dripp+ ,novemb] fog envelop$ ! city8 ,( c\rse y h2 & y "k at once1 be=e y get to ! next l9e1 :i* describes its d5s5ess & ! slipp]y pavem5ts1 & a ho/ ( o!r discom=ts1 t y are go+ to be u%]$ into an equally dismal city bo>d+-h\se1 & introduc$ to a lovely-complexion$ girl ^: frail appe>ance is only enhanc$ by h] deep m\rn+1 & he> ! sad /ory ( ! pecuni>y /raits t necessitat$ h] br++ h] wid[$ "m 7(t5 fracti\s71 or x may be a y\ng] si/] 7always sunny & ! lode/> ( h] life71 f _! lovely old home 9 ! c\ntry1 :ile %e e>n$ a liv+ 9 t[n4 ,&1 )\t fail1 %e has always imag9$ t !y 7 well provid$ =1 till ! family lawy] 7always old7 broke ! news aft] ! fun]al t ! place 0 mortgag$ up to ! hilt1 & ev5 h] fa!r's life insurance _h be5 all[$ to lapse4 ,y "k all ! re/--! dre>y tramp r\nd 9 se>* ( "w1 & ! way %e irons out h] ?readb>e g>m5ts to make !m la/ z long z !y c 7irrespective ( ! fact t ! m\rn+ 0 new only a few weeks be=e1 & %e presumably _h a good /ock ( und]we> 9 h] prosp]\s days71 & a ho/ ( o!r h>r[+ exp]i5ces until--x comes "r 9 ! end4 ,& all because ! /ory op5$ ) a dripp+ ,novemb] fog6 ,:y1 ,i believe ! av]age amateur w\ld consid] x almo/ improp] to />t a desolate orphan on a que/ = "w 9 ! metropolis 9 any?+ o!r ?an a d5se ,novemb] fog6 ,& yet--h[ mu* m *e]ful = h]1 poor de>1 c\ld %e b beg9 h] c>e] on a dry day--& "s ,novemb] days 9 ,london are q sunny & bright--s mu* bett] = h] 9 ! ?9 jacket %e always we>s on su* occasion1 & h] worn-out %oes6 ,x w\ld be su* a bless$ ?+ if we ne$ n />t ) ! wea!r1 nor ! numb] ( summ]s t _h float$ ov] ! sweet "y h]o9e's head 7or w9t]s1 if ! c5tral figure be an old man74 ,b ! amateur cl+s to ^! op5+s4 ,!n take ! b\doir4 ,aft] ! wea!r ,i don't ?9k any?+ haunts me m p]si/5tly ?an ! b\doir4 ,lady ,gw5ny? 0 sitt+ read+ a lett] 9 h] luxuri\s 7or cosy1 or da9ty7 b\doir1 :5---- etc4 ,n[ :y is x t ! girl :o />ts out to write fiction loves to introduce h] h]o9e 9 ?is wise8 ,x is mo/ unlikely t ! amateur kn[s mu* ab\t a b\doir--few ( u d4 ,x is a room t app]ta9s solely to ! ri*1 & to only a small proportion ( ! ri* at t4 ,i "k _m weal?y wom5 & _m well-born wom5 :o hav5't a b\doir1 simply because ! cramp$ conditions ( mod]n liv+ seldom leave !m a room to sp>e = ?is purpose4 ,! fact is ! b\doir prop] does n really belong to ?is purposeful age4 ,x is a relic ( ! m leisurely ,victorian times & ! ease-lov+1 well-to-d ,fr5*woman ( pre-w> days4 ,mo/ mod]n wom5 h v little "t to sp5d 9 a b\doir if ev5 !y ne$ "o2 nev]!less x appe>s ) unfail+ regul>ity 9 /ories deal+ ) ! ri*] ranks ( life1 till y w\ld ?9k x 0 z necess>y to a woman's ent\rage z--an umbrella6 ,:y is x t ! h]o9e has usually refus$ a c\ple 7if n m7 (f]s ( m>riage1 be=e %e is br\ght to our notice1 ) yet ano!r (f] loom+ on ! horizon8 ,9 real life1 z we "k x 9 ?is tw5tie? c5tury1 x is mo/ unusual = a girl to be con/antly turn+ d[n (f]s ( m>riage l applications = *>ity subscriptions ?\gh !re are exceptions "h & !re1 c]ta9ly4 ,yet ,i sc>cely op5 a love-/ory t does n /ate t ! h]o9e _h already refus$ e eligible man 9 h] circle2 ?\gh ! read] c seldom see :y "o man %\ld h propos$ to ! damsel1 mu* less a cr[d6 ,! h]o9e pres5t$ to u by ! amateur is inv>iably a mo/ ord9>y "y p]son1 (t5 q un9t]e/+1 & lack+ ! fa9te/ /reak ( di/9ctiv5ess4 ,& !n ! "q arise--,:y %\ld all ! eligible m5 9 ! t[n h propos$ to h]8 ,p]haps "o explanation is ! fact t inexp]i5c$ writ]s h n le>nt ! art ( depict+ "*2 z !y d n "k h[ to convey an idea ( h] attractiv5ess1 !y ?9k if !y /ate t %e 0 attractive t is suffici5t4 ,b /atem5ts are n suffici5t2 %e mu/ be attractive4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! y\?ful h]o9e & ! ag$ gr&mo!r may also be quot$ z ev]gre5 types t long ago _h become monoton\s4 ,:e!r girls m>ri$ 9 _! te5s z a matt] ( c\rse1 a c\ple ( g5]ations ago1 ,i d n "k1 z ,i 0 n !re2 b ! y\?ful h]o9e 0 a s9e qua non 9 ,victorian fiction4 ,%e is n a s9e qua non n[1 h[ev]2 any?+ b2 ! sev5te5-ye>-old bride is by no means ! rule 9 ^! times2 !re is practically no limit n[adays to ! age at :i* a woman may receive (f]s ( m>riage4 ,nev]!less1 ! amateur p]si/5tly foll[s bygone models1 & /ill cl+s to ! v "y h]o9e2 no m ?an eighte5 summ]s are1 at ! outside1 all[$ to pass ov] h] lovely head be=e %e is introduc$ to our notice4 99 99 99 99 99 ,& c]ta9 traditions are /ill foll[$ 9 reg>d to o!r details4 ,h] complexion is always ( ! rose-petal ord]1 h] hair is always escap+ 9 a s]ies ( /ray curls ab\t h] neck & =ehead 7&1 by ! way1 ^! /ray curls ( fiction are sadly responsible = _m ( ! untidy lank locks ( to-day674 ,if y read z _m ,,mss4 z ,i d1 y w\ld ?9k t no /raight-hair$1 ord9>y complexion$ girl _h ! lea/ *ance ( a p]sonal love-/ory1 despite ! fact t mo/ ( ! girls "o kn[s 9 real life1 :o h m>ri$ & liv$ happy ev] aft]1 h be5 ei!r sall[ or sunburnt or col\rless1 or j heal?y-look+4 ,if y d\bt :e!r a successful h]o9e c be evolv$ out ( a woman no long] 9 h] te5s1 & ) a complexion t w\ld n /& pe>ls1 rememb] ! ,hon4 ,jane1 9 ,! ,ros>y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 addition to ! y\?ful h]o9e1 ! ag$ gr&mo!r ne$s to be giv5 a long re/4 ,:5 ! "y wife :o m>ri$ 9 h] te5s visits h] old home 9 company ) h] "o-ye>-old infant1 x is inv>iably ! de>e/ old lady :o comes =w>d to embrace h] fir/ gr&*ild2 & f h] own conv]sation & ! description ( h] g5]al appe>ance1 ! sweet old s\l mu/ be at lea/ eighty1 despite all t ,nature might rule to ! contr>y1 to say no?+ ( ! dressmak]6 ,tradition has x t gr&mo!rs mu/ h :ite hair1 & spectacles1 volum9\s skirts1 & knitt+ 9 _! h&s z !y sit 9 an easy-*air ) com=tably slipp]$ feet on a hassock2 & t is ! sort ( gr&mo!r ! amateur br+s on ! sc5es1 irrespective ( ! fact t ! gr&mo!r ( to-day is skipp+ ab\t 9 girli% skirts & high-heel$ %oes1 ) hair & complexion z y\?ful z %e likes to pay =4 99 99 99 99 99 ,no?+ 9 ! way ( fiction is m difficult to write ?an a ?or\ghly good love /ory4 ,& yet ! beg9n] inv>iably />ts ) a love /ory1 & cont9ues ) love-/ories1 z ?\gh !re 7 no o!r possible selection4 ,i d n ?9k x is (t5 possible to write a good love-/ory until "o has _h "s exp]i5ce ( life4 ,x is s easy to mi/ake neurotic imag9+s & ov]-/rung emotionalism = love2 & x is /ill easi] to fall back on ! conv5tional ?+s t ! conv5tional h]o & h]o9e d & say 9 ! conv5tional novel1 & imag9e t we are record+ our own ideas & exp]i5ces4 ,!re are sev]al reasons :y ! love-/ory appeals to ! girl :o is />t+ out to write4 ,%e is look+ =w>d to a love-/ory ( h] own1 if %e be a normal girl1 & has already se5 h]self 9 ! "p ( h] fav\rite h]o9e4 ,naturally x is n surpris+ t love-/ories are ( absorb+ int]e/ to h]4 ,& a girl usually sees h]self z ! h]o9e ( h] own e>ly love-/ories2 & %e inv>iably makes h] h]o9e d & say :at %e w\ld l to d & say "u ! circum/ances1 & at ! same "t %e makes ! h]o d & say :at %e w\ld l h] own lov] to d & say--b x does n foll[ t ?is is true to life2 or t h] lov] w\ld say ! ?+s %e cr$its him ) 9 h] /ory4 ,v few proposals 9 real life ev] resemble ! proposals 9 fiction6 ,a girl w (t5 introduce h] h]o9e 9 a picturesque pose aga9/ "s lovely backgr\nd ( hills1 or woods1 or g>d5 fl[]s2 & ! h]o com+ ^u h] sudd5ly is made to pause1 lo/ 9 admiration ( ! exquisite picture %e makes4 ,! girl writes ?is because--unconsci\sly1 p]haps--%e sees h]self 9 ! "p1 & likes to ?9k %e w\ld make a v attractive picture t w\ld rivet a man's att5tion4 ,b x is n true to life4 ,9 reality1 ! av]age man seldom notices ! sc5ic fitt+s "u su* circum/ances4 ,he ei!r sees ! girl--or he doesn't4 ,unless he is an arti/ look+ = useful subjects = 8 pictures1 ! backgr\nd is n (t5 se5 9 conjunction ) ! girl4 ,i m]ely give ?is z an in/ance ( ! way amateurs are apt to see !mselves 9 an imag9>y "p t 9 reality is at v>iance ) ?+s z !y are2 & _! writ+s become artificial 9 consequ5ce4 ,!re is ano!r reason :y ! love-/ory is ! beg9n]'s *oice3 x calls = s few *>act]s4 ,! simple/ +r$i5ts are--a nice1 beautiful girl & a /rong1 manly1 des]v+ mascul9e4 ,( c\rse1 y c v>y ! flav\r by mak+ !m ri* or poor1 misund]/ood1 d[n-trodd51 caprici\s1 & :at n4 ,& y c amplify x by introduc+ ! bold1 bad rival 7mascul9e72 ! sup]ficial1 fasc9at+ butt]fly rival 7fem99e72 ! irate =bidd+ p>5t 781 if he is ri* & %e is poor2 h]s1 if he is poor & h] "m is ambiti\s & money-grabb+72 ! design+ mis*ief-mak] 7a black-ey$ brunette1 or a brassy-hair$ blonde72 & a ho/ ( o!r well-worn famili> types4 ,b :5 all is said & done1 y ne$ h b two *>act]s to del9eate1 if y d n feel equal to m--& !re is a di/9ct save ( bra9 9 ?is6 ,:5 y rea* ! climax 9 any o!r ?an a love-/ory1 y are expect$ to make ! d5\em5t some?+ ( a slight surprise at any rate1 if no m2 & we all "k t surprises--slight or o!rwise--are n altoge!r easy to manufacture = purposes ( fiction4 ,x is simple "w to g on talk+ & describ+ & mak+ ! p talk--ab\t no?+--= pages & pages2 b by no means simple to lead x all up to a def9ite po9t ( culm9ation4 ,!re mu/ be "s sort ( po9t to a /ory2 & t po9t is ! tr\ble z a rule6 ,b ) a love-/ory1 ! amateur ?9ks he ne$ n worry ab\t hunt+ = a climax--e "o kn[s :at ! climax mu/ be4 ,all y h to d is to br+ !m along ! road ( life to a suitable spot :]e !y c fall into ea* o!r's arms--?us ! novice argues1 & proce$s to d x4 ,ano!r save ( bra9 we> & te>6 ,9 any o!r situation ! dramatis p]sonae are b\nd to d at lea/ a little talk+1 to expla9 h[ ! ?+ has work$ out1 or to let y "k h[ matt]s f9ally adju/$ !mselves4 ,b n s our happy lov]s6 ,ab\t ! longe/ s5t5ce he is call$ ^u to con/ruct is1 ,at la/6 z he clasps h] to him2 :ile h] contribution to ! duologue ne$ only be1 ,d>l+6 :i* %e :isp]s1 re/+ h] head on 8 %\ld]4 ,& !y ne$ n say ev5 ?is mu*3 = "o v fav\rite me?od ( conclusion1 ) inexp]i5c$ au?ors1 is to br+ ! h]o & h]o9e sudd5ly face to face ) "s su* f9al s5t5ce z1 ,:at !y said ne$ n be record$ "h3 su* words are too sacr$ to be repeat$--a f9ale t always annoy$ me 9 my "y days6 ,amateurs are g5]ally v weak 9 "*-draw+1 & n[h]e is ?is m noticeable ?an 9 love-/ories4 ,!re is a "t-hon\r$ notion t ! *ief requisites 9 ! h]o9e are y\? & beauty1 z ,i h already said1 :ile ! h]o mu/ ( equal necessity be clean-cut1 manly & ma/]ful4 ,) ^! ideas already fix$ 9 8 head1 ! novice seldom sees any necessity = "*-del9eation4 ,he expla9s t ! h]o9e is lovely & ! h]o 9 e way a desirable "y man1 & leaves x at t2 =gett+ t ! m]e /atem5t t %e is w9some1 or wi/ful1 or possess$ ( cle> grey eyes t are ! w9d[s ( h] s\l1 does n necess>ily make h] all ^! ?+s4 ,9 ! majority ( amateur ,,mss4 ! h]o9e1 z %e depicts h]self by ^w & de$1 is a mo/ col\rless1 /]eotyp$ non5tity2 & by no means ! gl[+1 fasc9at+ ?+ ( orig9ality & beauty t ! au?or's adjectives w\ld h u believe2 & ! h]o is frequ5tly no m animat$1 no m human1 ?an ! elegant dummy 9 a tailor's w9d[4 ,?is may be tak5 z a fairly safe rul+3 ,if x be necess>y = y to label y\r *>act]s ) _! *ief *>act]i/ics1 y\r writ+ is unconv9c+ & weak4 ,_! actions %\ld speak l\d] ?an y\r adjectives4 ,"o ( ! prom95t noveli/s ( to-day--:o is clev] en\gh & exp]i5c$ en\gh to "k bett]--has a trick ( lett+ "s "o ( 8 *>act]s make a semi-witty rem>k2 aft] :i* he adds1 ,& ev]ybody laugh$4 ,?is la/ %\ld be q unnecess>y4 ,if ! rem>k be suffici5tly laugh-at-able1 x w be self-evid5t t p smil$2 if x is n suffici5tly witty to sugge/ a laugh to ! read]1 no am\nt ( ticket+ w raise a smile1 ei!r 9 ! book or out ( x4 ,! same pr9ciple %\ld be appli$ to ! pres5tation ( "o's *>act]s4 ,if !y are to h any?+ m ?an a m]e walk-on "p1 !y %\ld v quickly expla9 !mselves4 ,! bald /atem5t t ! h]o is a f9e1 manly fell[ means no?+ 9 reality4 ,:at is important is :e!r 8 actions & spee* sugge/ a f9e1 manly "*4 ,if !y d n1 no am\nt ( descriptive matt] on ! "p ( ! au?or w conjure up a f9e1 manly fell[ 9 ! read]'s imag9ation4 ,"s ,rules = ,/ory-,writ+ ,9 pres5t+ a /ory x is ess5tial t ! read] %all h "s idea z to :at x is ab\t4 ,to />t by keep+ ! read] roam+ along = a page or two among un9telligible rem>ks1 & ref]5ces to unkn[n or unexpla9$ ev5ts1 is to give him /rong enc\ragem5t to %ut up ! book )\t tr\bl+ to g any fur!r4 ,!re is some?+ v exasp]at+ ab\t a writ] :o gives no clue z to :o anybody is or :at any?+ is2 he is e bit z irritat+ z ! "o :o goes to ! o!r extreme1 & drags ! read] ?r\gh ! babyhood & s*ool days ( ! h]o's p>5ts4 ,^! are ! op5+ p>agraphs ( a ,,ms4 (f]$ to me4 ,x is q a %ort /ory1 h5ce !re 0 e reason :y space %\ld n h be5 wa/$ on un9telligible preamble4 ,x happ5$ 9 ?is way3 ?r\gh ! lions4 ,no1 t isn't exactly "r ?\gh2 ! lions didn't really d x1 w\ld nev] h ?\ght ( do+ su* a ?+2 b if ,i _h n gone to see !m1 x w\ld nev] h happ5$4 ,s1 y see1 !y 7 to "s ext5t responsible4 ,i expect y are say+ to y\rself1 ',:at 0 x t happ5$8' ,well t is :at ,i'm go+ to write ab\t4 ,b fir/ ,i mu/ tell y t "o ( my fail+s f *ildhood upw>ds has be5 ! habit ( />t+ to tell my /ory "r 9 ! v middle2 & !n ,i always feel s annoy$ :51 aft] ,i've be5 *att]+ away = ,i don't "k h[ long1 p look at me & say1 ',p]haps y w try & be lucid & expla9 :at y are talk+ ab\t6' ,x nev] seems to occur to !m t x is !y :o are s /upid4 ,b ,i w tell y at once ab\t 'me' & !n tell y ab\t 'x4' ,i'll beg9 at ! v beg9n+1 & try to tell y ev]y?+ 9 prop] or?odox /yle4 ,aft] mu* m ( ?is description1 x turns out at la/ t ! lions 7 celebrities at a d9n]-p>ty :]e ! n>rator met ! man %e ultimately m>ri$4 ,t 0 all6 ,x is fooli% to keep ! read] dangl+ 9 susp5se1 unless ! subsequ5t revelations are to be suffici5tly /rik+ to w>rant ! susp5se4 ,a long explanatory deviation f ! actual !me is seldom satisfactory or desirable1 9 a %ort /ory1 ev5 :5 ! !me is a big "o 7unless x be absolutely necess>y1 9 ord] to elucidate "s important detail73 b x is inexcusable :5 ! subject is trivial & obvi\s4 ,! m body !re is 9 y\r ,,ms4 ! m x w /& digressive or dilutive passages2 ! light] y\r ma9 !me1 ! less c y af=d to all[ ! read]'s int]e/ to be dissipat$ ov] extrane\s matt] be=e y rea* ! ma9 !me4 99 99 99 99 99 ,until y are an exp]i5c$ craftsman1 introduce ! important *>act]s z e>ly z possible4 ,! read] %\ld "k !m z long z possible if he is to take a ke5 p]sonal int]e/ 9 !m4 ,x is bett] n to describe y\r *>act]s m ?an is necess>y = actual id5tification2 !y %\ld describe !mselves by _! actions & conv]sation1 z ! /ory proce$s4 ,to save ! monotony ( long descriptive passages1 t always hamp] ! movem5t ( a /ory1 x is (t5 possible to make "o ( ! *>act]s1 9 ! c\rse ( conv]sation1 give ! in=mation t ! au?or is anxi\s to convey to ! read]4 ,b 9 ord] to effect ?is1 d n fall into ! error ( mak+ a "* say ?+s t 9 real life !re w\ld be no reason = 8 say+4 ,y may want to convey ! in=mation to ! read] t ! h]o9e's ance/ors 7 em95tly respectable2 b x w\ld be bad art to make h] rem>k to h] own p>5t 7or a relative73 ,z y "k1 "m de>1 gr&fa!r 0 a di/+ui%$ g5]al4 99 99 99 99 99 ,beg9n]s imag9e t ! /r5g? ( a /ory is 9 direct proportion to ! way !y cr[d toge!r incid5ts1 or multiply _! *>act]s4 ,b ?is entirely dep5ds on ! quality ( ! incid5ts & ! importance ( ! *>act]s4 ,! :ole is great] ?an a "p--always has be5 & always w be2 & if ea* individual "* is weak1 & ea* episode is feeble1 no matt] h[ y may elaborate y\r /ory1 ! :ole w be weak] ?an ea* "p4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is "t-sav+1 :5 writ+ a /ory1 to lay ! sc5e 9 "s locality y "k well1 ev5 ?\gh y *ange ! "n & pres]ve its incognito4 ,x is mo/ useful to h a fix$ plan ( ! /reets & lanes & build+s & railway /ation 9 y\r m9d :5 writ+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,try to di/+ui% betwe5 a long+ to voice y\r own p5t-up emotions1 & a desire to give ! _w some?+ t y ?9k w int]e/ or in/ruct !m4 ,?ree-qu>t]s ( ! love-/ories girls write are m]ely outlets = _! own emotions2 & picture :at !y wi% w\ld happ5 9 _! own lives--) no ?\ght :atev] z to :e!r ! ,,ms4 conta9s any?+ likely to int]e/ ! outsid]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,%ort s5t5ces & %ort p>agraphs are usually an advantage 9 /ories z well z 9 articles2 !y give crispness & brightness to ! :ole4 ,:]eas long s5t5ces & long p>agraphs are bo? /odgy to read & un9t]e/+ to look at1 7& x mu/ n be =gott5 t ! look ( a page sometimes c\nts a good deal ) ! public74 ,i "k t in/ances c be cit$ :]e celebrat$ p h writt5 long s5t5ces & unga9ly p>agraphs1 & yet h be5 read4 ,presid5t ,wilson1 9 8 mo/ fam\s ,note to ,g]many1 l$ (f ) a s5t5ce ( "o hundr$ & sev5ty-"o words1 :ile !re 7 only twelve full-/ops 9 ! :ole message4 ,b ,presid5t ,wilson1 at t p>ticul> date1 scor$ heavily ov] e o!r writ]1 9 t ! :ole _w 0 eag]ly will+ to read any?+ he wrote--ev5 ?\gh he _h omitt$ all /ops & capital lett]s6--:]eas ! majority ( u1 alas1 h to p]suade or coax or beguile ! public into look+ at our words ( wisdom1 & we h to make ! read+ z easy = p z we c4 ,o!rwise !y w n bo!r _! heads ab\t u6 ,p 7 will+ to put up ) ,presid5t ,wilson's diffuse & trail+ mann] ( writ+1 because at ! mom5t he 0 ! m\?piece ( ! inhabitants ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,any "o :o is ! m\?piece ( ov] n9ety millions ( p c cease to worry ab\t /yle--"s "o is sure to read him no matt] h[ he expresses himself4 ,b s long z we manage to avoid hav+ positions ( su* greatness ?ru/ ^u u1 we %all d well to keep our s5t5ces t]se & %ort1 & our ,,mss4 brok5 up into p>agraphs4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,"q ( ,poli% ,!re is mu* div]g5ce ( op9ion z to h[ f> x is desirable to poli% "o's "w4 ,p]sonally ,i ?9k x all dep5ds ^u ! "w4 ,"s au?ors put d[n _! ideas 9 a v r\gh =m1 & seem unable to realise ! possibilities ( ^? ideas & _! developm5t1 till !y see !m on pap]4 ,o!rs are able to ?9k 9 m9ute detail be=e !y put a l9e on pap]4 ,"s p c nev] leave any?+ alone1 & w t9k] ) half a doz5 fre% pro(s 7if !y c induce ! publi%] to supply !m74 ,o!rs are m sure ( !mselves1 or dis9cl9$ to alt] :at !y h writt54 ,! late ,guy ,boo?by us$ almo/ to re-write 8 /ories1 aft] !y 7 set up 9 type2 ! m>g9s ( mo/ ( ! slip pro(s be+ s cov]$ ) new matt] & alt]ations t !y _h (t5 to be entirely reset4 ,s exp5sive did ?is become1 t at la/ ,i decid$ to keep 8 typ$ ,,ms4 9 a draw] = a week or two1 & !n s5d x back to him1 ask+ him to d :atev] rewrit+ 0 necess>y be=e x 0 set up4 ,( c\rse1 writ]s may alt] a good deal 9 _! fir/ ,,ms41 be=e ev] x gets to ! publi%]2 b my exp]i5ce has be5 t ! au?or :o worries 8 pro( is ! "o :o has previ\sly worri$ 8 ,,ms4 7& sometimes 8 family too76 ,x is prim>ily a matt] ( m9d-c]ta9ty1 comb9$ ) ! "q ( temp]am5t4 ,"o ?+ is und5iable3 "s writ]s w poli% _! ,,mss4 into ?+s ( beauty2 o!rs w poli% all ! individuality & life out ( !irs4 ,9 ! latt] case1 h[ev]1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k !re 0 n mu* individuality & life to />t )6 ,s f> z ! beg9n] is conc]n$1 my advice is ,poli%2 mo/ ( u c /& a good deal ( ?is )\t los+ any?+ wor? keep+1 or com+ to a bad end6 ,sid5ote3 ,to get "u way1 ,/>t :]e y are ,d n wa/e "t 9 wait+ = some?+ extraord9>y or s5sational to turn up1 9 ! way ( a plot1 or y may h to wait a long :ile4 ,beg9 ) "s ev]yday happ5+ & inve/ x ) p]sonality4 ,if y c1 avoid mak+ y\r e>ly ,,mss4 love /ories4 ,! d5\em5t ( a love /ory is s obvi\s3 try to write some?+ on less obvi\s l9es2 x w be bett] practice = y4 ,/udy "s ( ! _m delightful books t h be5 writt5 9 o!r ?an love motifs1 yet deal+ ) ev5ts ( ord9>y life2 su* z ,! ,gold5 ,age1 & ,dream ,days1 by ,k5ne? ,graham2 ,a ,w9d[ 9 ,?rums1 by ,sir ,james ,b>rie2 ,! ,c\ntry ( ! ,po9t$ ,firs1 by ,s>ah ,orne ,jewett2 ,timo?y's ,que/1 by ,kate ,d\glas ,wigg94 ,g5ius is %[n 9 ! ability to take simple !mes1 & treat !m greatly4 ,ab\t ! ,climax ,! mo/ important "p ( a /ory %\ld be ! climax 7,i use ! ^w climax 9 its mod]n s5se1 mean+ ! t]m9al po9t :]e all is br\ght to a conclusion1 ! d5\em5t1 ! f9al cata/rophe74 ,! climax mu/ be 9 ! au?or's m9d f ! v fir/ s5t5ce1 & ev]y?+ he writes %\ld be ) ?is 9 view--i4e41 8 own view1 n t ( ! read]2 x mu/ be 8 aim ?r\gh\t ! /ory to conceal ! climax f ! read] till ! la/ mom5t4 ,no?+ ) an obvi\s solution w hold ! read]'s int]e/4 ,e piece ( writ+ %\ld h "s sort ( a conclusive end+--a satisfactory "o if possible4 ,writ]s sometimes make _! fiction t]m9ate 9 an abrupt1 unsatisfactory mann]1 :i* is no real f9i%1 & leaves ! read] wi%+ x _h n all end$ l t1 & wond]+ if !re is m to come4 ,:5 su* defects are po9t$ out1 ! amateur inv>iably replies1 ,b x mu/ end l t1 because t is :at actually happ5$4 ,!y =get t ! fact a circum/ance actually happ5$ is no gu>antee t x 0 wor? record+2 nor is ! circum/ance necess>ily ! symmetrical f9i% to ! /ory1--& a piece ( writ+ %\ld be symmetrical1 & 9 well-balanc$ design4 ,y _c always deta* an incid5t f cont+5t happ5+s1 & !n say x is complete4 ,! l>g] proportion ( our actions are l9k$ )1 & int]dep5d5t ^u1 o!r actions4 ,!re=e see to x t y\r /ory t]m9ates 9 a satisfactory mann]4 ,t :i* app>5tly ends 9 failure to-day1 may take a new lease ( life to-morr[ & prove to be m]ely a /epp+-/one to new developm5ts4 ,x is n b\nd to be a happy end+ 7?\gh if !re be a *oice1 happy end+s are by f> ! be/1 9 a _w t has en\gh ( sorr[ 9 its "w-a-day life72 b x mu/ be an end+ leav+ a s5se ( "r completion ) ! read]--! conviction t ?is is ! logical conclusion ( ! :ole4 ,all great works ( art leave beh9d !m a s5se ( fulfilm5t1 ! some?+ attempt$1 some?+ done1 t is always ! desirable f9ale to ! human he>t & m9d4 ,we hate to be left 9 a /ate ( nev]-to-be-satisfi$ susp5sion2 & we inv>iably reject & condemn to oblivion ! "w t delib]ately leaves u ?us4 ,"s p h an idea t x is arti/ic to leave a /ory 9 a half-f9i%$ condition1 or ) a disappo9t+ end+1 or a g5]al feel+ ( blankness4 ,a few ye>s ago !re 0 a mania = ?is type ( /ory among small writ]s3 ^? :o 7 n clev] en\gh to produce orig9ality ( idea1 & at ! same "t get _! "w logical1 symmetrical & conclusive1 w\ld seize on "s mis]able1 or at any rate uncom=table1 end+--dr[n "o ( ! lov]s ! day be=e ! w$d+2 "p husb& & wife irrevocably1 & possibly kill _! only *ild 9 a railway accid5t 9 ! la/ *apt]--any?+ 9 fact t w\ld produce :at "o might call a nev]-m f9ale4 ,& !n a c]ta9 section ( ! public 7:o really did n l x at all1 b fe>$ to say s le/ !y %\ld appe> to be beh9d ! times67 w\ld exclaim1 ,s arti/ic6 ,yet x 0 any?+ b arti/ic2 ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! "t x 0 logically & morally bad2 logically bad because x 0 seldom ! true & natural conclusion t "o w\ld h se5 9 real life2 morally bad because x is actually wrong to manufacture & circulate gloom unnecess>ily4 ,i repeat aga9 ,i w\ld n imply t all end+s mu/ be happy2 great trag$ies ne$ tragic conclusions2 suff]+ is z mu* a "p ( real life z joy2 a c]ta9 c\rse ( action mu/ inevitably lead to a sorr[ful end+1 & !re is no gett+ away f ! unalt]able tru?1 ,! wages ( s9 is dea?4 ,b ! type ( /ory to :i* ,i am allud+ is seldom great or tragic3 x is n ev5 pa9ful2 x is m (t5 weak & wa%y1 & ends ) unsatisfactory incompletion because ! au?or fanci$ x 0 brilliantly orig9al6 ,always "w /eadily t[>ds ! climax1 spe$+ up ! movem5t z y ne> ! end4 ,make big ev5ts come clos] & clos] toge!r1 ) less detail betwe51 ! ne>] y are to ! conclusion4 ,d n anticipate y\r climax1 & get !re too soon1 & !n try to make up ! book to ! requir$ l5g? by add+ on an aft]-piece4 ,! climax %\ld be su* t x leaves 9 ! read]'s m9d a s5se ( absolute fitness1 a c]ta9ty t x 0 aft] all ! "o "r end+--ev5 ?\gh x came z a great surprise4 ,! ,use ( ,curta9s ,:5 a /ory is pres5t$ 9 sections1 z 9 a s]ial or a play1 x is advisable to make ea* section end--s f> z possible--9 su* a mann] t ! read] is set long+ = ! next "p4 ,?us1 :ile ! climax is g5]ally ! solution ( a problem1 a curta9 is usually a problem ne$+ solution 7lit]ally1 a good place = r++ d[n ! curta91 s9ce ! audi5ce w be on t5t]hooks to "k :at happ5s next74 ,?is arrangem5t is s\nd bus9ess z well z a good m5tal policy4 ,x is wise to make an in/alm5t leave "s f9al1 incisive m>k on ! m9d ( ! read]s1 if !re is to be an int]val be=e ! /ory is resum$1 o!rwise x may be difficult = ! public to recollect :at w5t be=e1 & ! ?read ( cont9uity w be lo/4 ,m ?an ?is1 an editor1 despite ! usual backw>dness ( 8 intellig5ce1 realises ! desirability ( secur+ read]s = subsequ5t issues ( 8 p]iodical1 no less ?an = ! curr5t numb]4 ,if ea* in/alm5t ( ! s]ial t]m9ate ) "s my/]y unsolv$1 or "s hopeless entanglem5t ne$+ to be /raight5$ out1 or "s problem t baffles ev]ybody 7mo/ ( all ! read]s71 x is mu* m likely t p w ru% to secure ! next numb] to see h[ ?+s turn out1 ?an if ! in/alm5t m]ely ends ) ! h]o indulg+ 9 a tame1 l5g?y soliloquy on arti*okes1 & leaves no?+ m excit+ to be settl$ ?an :e!r ^! same arti*okes %all1 or %all n1 be cook$ = ! h]o9e's lun*4 ,on m ?an "o occasion ,i h _h read]s write prote/+ly because an in/alm5t ( a s]ial has left (f cruelly j :5 "o 0 frightfully anxi\s to "k :at w\ld happ5 next6 ,b t is ! v place = an in/alm5t to end3 good curta9s are wor? z mu* to a s]ial z a good plot2 & if a /ory lack good curta9s1 an editor ?9ks twice be=e pur*as+ x = s]ial publication1 ev5 ?\gh x has und\bt$ lit]>y m]it & w make a good volume4 ,inexp]i5c$ writ]s ov]look ?is necessity = hold+ ! read]'s att5tion f section to section1 & sometimes (f] an editor s]ial /ories )\t suffici5t backbone or dramatic int]e/ to hold ! read]s' att5tion f ! fir/ in/alm5t to ! second1 mu* less = twelve or m deta*m5ts4 ,or !y cr[d sev]al excitem5ts into a c\ple ( *apt]s1 & !n run on unev5tfully = a doz5 or s4 ,?is does n mean t problems mu/ crop up me*anically at /at$ int]vals1 & ! s]ial be produc$ on a ma!matical basis ( "o murd]1 or my/]y to s _m words6 ,b x does mean t ! au?or mu/ see to x t 8 important incid5ts are fairly di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! "w z a :ole1 & t ea* *apt] ends at ! psy*ological mom5t4 ,?is gives an editor a *ance to break ! /ory at places :]e ! excitem5t runs highe/4 ,c>eful att5tion to balance w help ! writ] to get ! action fairly di/ribut$4 ,if ! ,,ms4 be exam9$ z a :ole1 ) ?is "q ( balance 9 m9d1 ! writ] w be able to detect if too mu* movem5t has be5 conc5trat$ 9 "o "p1 ) undue expanses ( unev5tfulness /ret*+ betwe54 ,sid5ote3 ,dick5s 0 an ,adept at ,curta9s ,no "o knew bett] ?an ,*>les ,dick5s h[ to keep ! read] on ! qui vive = ! next *apt]4 ,joseph ,h4 ,*oate says 9 8 ,memoirs3 ,z ,dick5s' books came out !y 7 eag]ly dev\r$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,dombey & ,son came out 9 numb]s long be=e ! lay+ ( ! fir/ ,atlantic cable1 & sev]al numb]s w5t ov] 9 =t-nightly /eam]s1 ! mo/ frequ5t communication ( t day4 ,9 an e>ly "p ( ! /ory little ,paul 0 br\ght to ! v]ge ( ! grave1 ! la/ numb] to h& leav+ him hov]+ betwe5 life & dea?1 & all ,am]ica 0 anxi\s to "k 8 fate4 ,:5 ! next /eam] arriv$ br++ decisive news1 ! dock 0 cr[d$ ) p4 ,! pass5g]s imag9$ "s great national or int]national ev5t _h happ5$4 ,b x 0 only ! eag] read+ public :o _h hurri$ d[n to meet ! /eam]1 & get ! fir/ news z to :e!r little ,paul 0 alive or dead4 ,! late ,dr4 ,s4 ,g4 ,gre5 has told h[1 at ! day s*ool he att5d$ z a boy1 "w 0 susp5d$ once a mon? on ! publication ( ! in/alm5t ( ,pickwick ,pap]s1 :i* ! head ma/] read al\d to ! assembl$ & eag] boys4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,pickwick 0 releas$ f ! ,fleet ,prison1 a :ole holiday 0 giv51 to celebrate ! ev5t6 ,?is is ! type ( s]ial /ory an editor ye>ns =3 "o t w end ) s dramatic a curta9 ea* mon?1 t ! public susp5d all employm5t 9 ord] to secure copies ( ! foll[+ issue1 & le>n :at happ5$ next6 ,ev5 ! f9al s5t5ces ( an in/alm5t ) a good curta9 c be made to d wond]s 9 :ett+ ! read]'s appetite = m4 ,b x is advisable to see h[ !y read 9 connection ) ! words t inevitably foll[4 ,= in/ance1 !re 0 a lurid s]ial 9 a daily pap] :i* end$ "o day ) ! words3 ',cat1' %e cri$1 'vile1 odi\s1 contemptible cat4' ,to be cont9u$ to-morr[4 ,b1 comm5t$ ,pun*1 c\ld %e d any bett] ?an t ev5 aft] %e _h slept on x8 ,on ,mak+ ,v]se ,mo/ ( u break out into v]se at "o p]iod ( our life4 ,y\? />t+ out to explore a _w t seems teem+ ) new discov]ies1 g5]ally tries to voice 8 emotions 9 poetry--n because y\? has any special aptitude = ?is =m ( lit]ature1 b because ! poet has express$1 z no o!r writ] has done1 ! hopes & ideals1 ! crav+ = romance & ! ?ir/ = beauty1 t are among ! *>act]i/ics ( our gold5 ye>s4 ,& y\?1 wi%+ to voice 8 own emotions1 naturally selects ! lit]>y =m 9 :i* su* emotions h already be5 en%r9$4 ,v]se-writ+ is a v useful ex]cise = ! /ud5t--z ,i h already /at$ 9 a previ\s *apt]2 b until we are fairly advanc$1 x is well to avoid reg>d+ our ef=ts too s]i\sly4 ,to /r+ toge!r c]ta9 sets ( syllables ) rhymes 9 c\ples1 is an exce$+ly simple matt]2 b to write poetry is ! highe/ & ! mo/ difficult =m ( lit]>y art4 ,x is h>d to conv9ce ! beg9n] t ! v]ses he has put toge!r are n poetry--ev5 ?\gh !y may be te*nically correct z to make-up1 :i* is by no means always ! case4 ,he is incl9$ to argue t he has dream$ dreams1 & se5 visions1 & travell$ f> f ! prose ( life2 :at he writes1 !re=e1 mu/ be sc9tillat+ ) /> du/1 if ) no?+ m heav5ly4 ,= ! mak+ ( poetry1 ! dreams ( y\? are valuable2 take c>e ( !m1 !y are among ! preci\s ?+s ( life1 & !y vani% ) neglect or r\gh h&l+2 b some?+ m ?an dreams is ne$ful4 ,sid5ote3 ,/udy ! ,laws gov]n+ ,metrical ,composition ,if y feel y c be/ express y\rself 9 v]se1 make a compreh5sive /udy ( ! laws gov]n+ metrical composition4 ,su* k n only enables y to write 9 a %apely1 ord]ly1 pleas+ =m1 b x may also help y to asc]ta9 :at is wrong1 :5 some?+ y h writt5 seems j>r+1 or halt+1 or lack+ at any po9t4 ,to _m amateurs1 laws & rules sugge/ a cramp+ influ5ce2 !y feel sure !y c\ld d f> bett] "w if unhamp]$ by any re/rictions4 ,9 reality1 h[ev]1 ! limitations su* laws impose are a ga9 to ! poet1 s9ce !y compel him to sort out 8 ideas1 to diff]5tiate betwe5 ess5tials & non-ess5tials1 to cond5se 8 ?\ghts & measure 8 words4 ,& if prop]ly c>ri$ out1 all ?is %\ld result 9 ! r$uction ( v]bosity to ! m9imum1 & a mod]ately cle> pres5tation ( a subject--x does n always1 ,i "k1 b x ought to d s4 ,i am nei!r enum]at+ nor discuss+ ^! laws 9 ?is volume1 s9ce excell5t books on ! subject h be5 publi%$4 ,i m]ely wi% to po9t out to ! /ud5t ! necessity = giv+ ! matt] att5tion4 ,"s p ?9k ! fact t ! idea embodi$ 9 _! v]se is good & ennobl+1 %\ld condone weak or faulty workman%ip4 ,b1 alas6 9 ?is call\s _w x doesn't1 z a rule4 ,! ideal v]se is t :i* pres5ts beautifully a great ?\ght 9 a small compass4 ,sid5ote3 ,ideas are m ,important ?an ,rhapsodies ,a poem %\ld c5tralise on "s special ?\ght or idea4 ,rhapsodies1 no matt] h[ int5se1 d n con/itute poetry2 e poem1 be x ev] s %ort1 %\ld sugge/ "s def9ite tra9 ( ?\ght4 ,haphaz>d /atem5ts or description are no m p]missible 9 a poem ?an 9 a novel4 ,all nons5se v]se1 ev51 mu/ h an und]ly+ semblance ( a s5sible idea1 ?\gh :5 y come to analyse x1 x may turn out to be ! height ( absurdity4 ,sid5ote3 ,moreov] ! ,ideas %\ld be ,poetic ,n only mu/ a poem conta9 a def9ite idea1 x mu/ be a poetic idea1 some?+ t w lift ! read] above ! prose ( life4 ,try to make him see beauty if y c2 & to he> beauty 9 ! music ( y\r words4 ,poetry %\ld be beautiful & sugge/ lovel9ess1 :5ev] possible4 ,h[ev] simple & ord9>y ! subject ( y\r v]se1 try to c>ry ! read] beyond sup]ficialities1 to ! wond]ful & ! unord9>y t s (t5 give glory to life's commonplaces4 ,take a well-worn subject l ! incom+ tide2 h[ _m p h be5 mov$ to write on ?is topic6 ,i c\ld n possibly reckon up ! numb] ( times ,i h se5 ocean's ro> rhym+ ) rocky %ore4 ,! writ] :o is no?+ m ?an a v]sifi] is cont5t ) a description ( ! sights & s\nds ( ! bea*2 b ! poet looks fur!r ?an ?is4 ,read ,mrs4 ,meynell's ,song1 & y w bett] und]/& my mean+ :5 ,i say t ! poet mu/ endeav\r to %[ u1 ?r\gh ! sub/ance ( ?+s mat]ial1 ! %ad[ ( ?+s spiritual4 ,,song ,by ,,alice ,,meynell ,z ! unha/5+ tide do? roll1 ,de> & desir$1 ^u ! :ole ,long %9+ /r&1 & floods ! caves1 ,y\r love comes fill+ ) happy waves ,! op5 sea-%ore ( my s\l4 ,b inl& f ! seaw>d spaces1 ,none kn[s1 n ev5 y1 ! places ,brimm$ at y\r com+1 out ( sight --,! little solitudes ( delight ,?is tide con/ra9s 9 dim embraces4 ,y see ! happy %ore1 wave-rimm$1 ,b "k n ( ! quiet dimm$ ,riv]s y\r com+ floods & fills1 ,! little pools1 'mid happi] hills1 ,my sil5t rivulets1 ov]-brimm$4 ,:at1 ,i h secrets f y8 ,yes4 ,b1 ,o my ,sea1 y\r love do? press ,& rea* 9 fur!r ?an y "k1 ,& fill all ^!2 & :5 y g1 ,!re's lonel9ess 9 lonel9ess4 ,by ,c\rtesy ( ,! ,walt] ,scott ,publi%+ ,co41 ,ltd4 ,sid5ote3 ,amateur ,v]se usually falls "u ^! ,head+s ,putt+ on "o side religi\s v]se 7:i* "o does n wi% to dissect too brutally1 s9ce "o recognises & respects ! _s und]ly+ x1 despite its sometimes poor te*nique71 amateur v]se usually falls "u "o ( f\r head+s3 #a4 ,lov]s' outp\r+s4 #b4 ,baby prattle4 #c4 ,nature diss]tations4 #d4 ,/uff wor? read+4 ,! fir/ ( ^! expla9s itself1 & includes p]5nial poems entitl$ ,blue ,eyes2 ,p>t$2 ,to ,daphne 7or ,muriel1 or ,gladys1 or "s o!r equally nice p]son72 ,abs5ce2 ,my ,lady2 ,tw9 ,s\ls1 etc4 ,9 ^! ! foll[+ are g5]ally reg>d$ z orig9al & delightful rhymes3 ,love & dove2 m\rn & =lorn2 girl & curl2 moon & ,june2 eyes & skies4 ,)\t wi%+ to hurt any s5sitive feel+s1 tru? compels me to /ate t x is r>e = su* productions to h any lit]>y value4 ,! v]ses com+ "u ! second head+ are frequ5tly writt5 by "y girls1 unm>ri$ aunts1 & v new fa!rs2 occasionally mo!rs give v5t to _! mat]nal affection 9 ?is way1 b m (t5 !y f9d _! "t fully occupi$ 9 att5d+ to ! little ones' mat]ial ne$s4 ,su* poems 7(t5 entitl$ ,lullaby7 are usually *>act]is$ by an entire lack ( any?+ t c\ld possibly be call$ an idea4 ,!y w apo/rophise ! infant1 & tell x h[ lovely x is1 begg+ x to g to sleep1 & assur+ x t "m w keep wat* ! :ile--:i* no up-to-date "m w\ld dream ( do+ 9 ^! busy1 s]vantless days6 ,b z to any concrete reason :y ! v]ses 7 p5n$1 "o looks = x 9 va94 ,i d n ?9k su* effusions s]ve any useful purpose4 ,!y are n ev5 desirable z an outlet = ! feel+s1 s9ce !re are bett] ways 9 :i* "o c "w out "o's affection = a *ild--woolly boots1 p9a=es1 p]sonal att5tion1 & ! l4 ,nev]!less e woman's pap] is delug$ ) ,,mss4 ( ?is type4 ,! ,nature diss]tation is a trifle bett] ?an ! prec$+1 because x does (f] a little scope = look+ ar\nd & not+ ?+s4 ,b ! weakness "h is ?is3 ! writ]s d n always look ar\nd2 !y z (t5 sit at a com=table writ+-table indoors & amalgamate o!r p's obs]vations2 & ! outcome is a recital ( ! obvi\s1 ) (t-repeat$ platitudes4 ,! foll[+ are well-worn titles3 ,a ,spr+ ,song2 ,bluebells2 ,twilight ,calm2 ,sunset2 ,autumn ,leaves2 occasionally !y take a ,wordswor?ian turn1 ,l9es writt5 on ! %ore at ,atlantic ,city or ,?\ghts on see+ ,/rat=d-on-,avon = ! fir/ "t 7su* a poem naturally beg9n+ ,immortal ,b>d1 :o-- etc474 ,at be/1 ! majority ( nature poems1 z writt5 by ! untra9$1 conta9 little beyond descriptive passages4 ,?is aga9 results 9 a po9tless production t seldom embodies any idea wor? ! space devot$ to x4 ,y may record ! fact t ! sun is sett+ 9 a blaze ( col\r2 b !re is no?+ suffici5tly rem>kable ab\t ?is to w>rant its publication3 mo/ p "k t ! sun occasionally sets 9 ?is fa%ion4 ,if ! beauty ( ! sunset affect$ y /rongly1 lift+ y above e>?ly ?+s1 & giv+ y a vision--dim p]haps1 b nev]!less a vision--( ! ,glory t %all be reveal$1 !n x is = y s to describe ! beauty ( ! sunset t y convey to y\r read]s ! same feel+s1 ! same uplift$ s5se1 ! same vision ( ! yet great] ,glory t is to be4 ,:5 y c d ?is1 ! *ances are t y w be writ+ poetry4 ,b until y c d ?is1 y may be writ+ no?+ bett] ?an fragm5ts ( a rhym+ guide-book4 ,y may argue t n only did y feel an uplift :5 y gaz$ on ! sunset1 b y re-exp]i5ce x z y read ! poem y wrote ^u x4 ,sid5ote3 ,y see ! ,sc5e y are describ+3 ! ,read] does n ,possibly s2 because to y ! l9es conjure up ! :ole sc5e2 i4e4 !y s]ve to rem9d y ( mu* t is n writt5 d[n4 ,"o ^w may be en\gh to recall to y\r m9d ! ov]:elm+ gr&eur ( ! sund[n 9 e detail2 b x w n be suffici5t to spread x out be=e ! eyes ( ^? :o did n see ! actual occurr5ce2 nei!r w x reveal to !m ! uplift ( ! mom5t4 ,! novice s (t5 =gets t 8 own m9d fills 9 ! details ( :at he has se51 & makes a p]fect picture out ( an imp]fect description4 ,b ! read] _c d ?is2 he has no?+ to help him beyond ! writt5 words4 ,!re=e ! writ] mu/ take c>e to omit no?+ t is ess5tial1 no?+ t w en=ce ! m5tal & spiritual conception ( a sc5e4 ,& 9 ord] to d ?is1 he mu/ analyse ! sc5e1 & asc]ta9 7if he c7 :at x 0 t ar\s$ su* deep emotion )9 him4 ,if he c tabulate ^! items 7sometimes x is possible to d s1 sometimes x is n71 !n he mu/ give !m special emphasis 9 8 description1 no matt] :at else is omitt$4 ,:e!r y are writ+ descriptive matt] 9 v]se or prose1 x is well to be> 9 m9d t memory helps y to visualise ! :ole sc5e1 :]eas ! read] w h no su* additional aid4 ,sid5ote3 ,poetry %\ld ,voice ,worldwide1 r ?an ,individual1 ,ne$ ,! prim>y object ( ! beg9n]1 9 writ+ v]se1 is (t5 to voice 8 own he>t's long+2 :]eas1 if 8 v]se is to be ( int]e/ to o!rs besides himself1 x mu/ voice ! long+s ( o!r p1 ,poetry ( ! long+ k9d %\ld t\* on _w-wide human ne$1 n m]ely on an individual want1 if x is to wak5 response 9 ! read]4 ,( c\rse ! individual want may be a _w-wide human ne$3 x v (t5 is2 b x is n wise to tru/ to *ance 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,look ab\t y1 & see if y\r exp]i5ces are likely to be ^? ( y\r fell[-creatures4 ,if s1 !re is m probability t y\r "w w appeal to o!rs ?an if y take no c\nt ( _! requirem5ts & c5tre on y\r own4 ,! poet1 among o!r qualifications1 has ! ability to recognise :at humanity wants to say b _c1 & is able to set x d[n 9 black & :ite1 s t :5 ! _w reads x1 x exclaims3 ,:y1 t is j :at ,i ?9k & feel6 ,only ,i c\ld nev] put x into words6 ,:5 ,elizabe? ,b>rett ,br[n+ wrote ! ,sonnets f ! ,portuguese1 %e 0 writ+ ( h] own love = "o p>ticul> man4 ,s f> %e 0 deal+ ) h] own exp]i5ces2 & if t _h be5 all1 ! matt] might h end$ !re4 ,b because unc\ntable wom5 9 e l& h lov$ 9 t same way1 h ?\ght ^? ?\ghts1 & exp]i5c$ ^? id5tical emotions1 ?\gh !y 7 n able to write ( !m z ,mrs4 ,br[n+ did1 h] ,sonnets f\nd an e*o 9 he>ts ! _w ov]3 !y voic$ a great human exp]i5ce1 a univ]sal human long+4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,s-call$ ,new ,poetry ,"o mod]n phase ( v]se-mak+ has _h a v demoralis+ effect on ! amateur4 ,i ref] to ! outbreak ( %apeless productions--devoid ( music1 beauty1 rhy?m1 & balance1 & (t5 lack+ ! rudim5ts ( s5se--t develop$ be=e ! w>1 & has be5 ) u ev] s9ce4 ,! foll[]s ( ?is cult advocate ! abolition ( all law & ord]3 ea* goes gaily on 8 own way1 writ+ :atsoev] he pleases1 no matt] h[ crude1 or banal1 or incoh]5t1 or loa?some2 l9es any & e l5g?2 unlimit$ full /ops1 or none at all2 j :at is 9 8 bra9--& :at a /ate ( bra9 x reveals6 ,?is s-call$ new poetry resembles no?+ 9 ! _w s mu* z ! ,,mss4 an editor occasionally receives f inmates ( lunatic asylums6 ,lit]>y effusions ( ?is type are on a p> ) ! cubi/ & futuri/ mon/rosities t h tri$ to imag9e !mselves a new =m ( pictorial art4 ,un=tunately1 ! desire to kick ov] all laws & rules1 & ev]y?+ t betok5s re/ra9t & discipl9e1 is no new "o4 ,p]iodically ! _w has seem$ to be attack$ ) :olesale madness1 z hi/ory %[s2 & a pron\nc$ feature ( ea* upheaval has be5 ! attempt ( c]ta9 d]ang$ imag9ations to aboli% t ord] :i* is ,heav5's fir/ law 7& :i* _c be aboli%$ )\t wide-spread ru971 & 9 its place to exalt ! deification ( self4 ,! ye>s prec$+ e outbreak h inv>iably be5 m>k$ by excesses1 lic5ce & extravagance ( all k9ds2 :ile real art1 :olesome liv+1 s]i\s ?9k+1 & /eady1 well-regulat$ "w1 h be5 at a disc\nt4 ,d n be misl$ by high-s\nd+ /atem5ts1 t all ! incoh]5cy & c>elessness & indiff]5t workman%ip exhibit$ 9 rec5t trave/ies ( ,art 0 a grop+ aft] bett] ?+s1 ! break+ ( %ackles t *a9$ ! free heav5-born _s ( man to mis]able mundane conv5tion4 ,x 0 no?+ ( ! sort4 ,r1 x 0 a =m ( hy/]ia t 0 ! outcome ( ! s(t liv+1 ! fev]i% que/ ( pleasure1 ! crav+ = notoriety at ! lea/ exp5diture ( ef=t1 ! long+ to be p]petually 9 ! limelight1 & ! abs5ce ( self-discipl9e t 0 all too noticeable 9 ! e>li] ye>s ( ?is c5tury4 ,,! ,,limitations ,,( ,,y\? ,by ,,eug5e ,,field ,i'd l to be a c[boy an' ride a fi]y hoss ,way out into ! big & b\ndless ,we/2 ,i'd kill ! be>s an' catam\nts an' wolves ,i come across1 ,an' ,i'd pluck ! bal-head eagle f 8 ne/6 ,) my pi/ols at my side1 ,i w\ld roam ! pr>]s wide1 ,an' to scalp ! savage ,injun 9 8 wigwam w\ld ,i ride-- ,if ,i d>/2 b ,i d>s5't6 ,i'd l to g to ,afriky an' hunt ! lions !re1 ,an' ! bigge/ ollyfunts y ev] saw6 ,i w\ld track ! fi]ce gorilla to 8 equatorial lair1 ,an' be>d ! cannybull t eats folks raw6 ,i'd *ase ! piz5 snakes1 ,an' ! 'pottimus t makes ,8 ne/ d[n at ! bottom ( unfa?omable lakes-- ,if ,i d>/2 b ,i d>s5't6 ,! new poetry 0 a manife/ation ( ! decad5ce und]m9+ pre-w> ,art4 ,d n be delud$ into ?9k+ t ! ab]rations ( ill-tra9$ m9ds t sometimes flaunt !mselves be=e y\r bewild]$ eyes1 9 "s v ?9 volume ( v]se1 or 9 "s freaki% p]iodical1 are art1 or ev5 wor? ! pap] !y are pr9t$ on4 ,!y are n4 ,v probably !y w\ld nev] h got into pr9t at all1 b = ! fact t ^? :o affect ! cult are1 = ! mo/ "p1 p ) m money ?an discrim9ation1 :o c af=d to pay = publicity4 ,j z a c]ta9 type ( ecc5tricity ( action may be ! precursor ( m5tal disease1 s a c]ta9 type ( ecc5tricity ( ?\ght may be ! =]unn] ( moral & spiritual disease4 ,avoid unnecess>y abbreviations3 ?' = !1 o' = (1 & simil> curtailm5ts4 ,^! are (t5 m]e mann]isms1 & introduc$ ) ! idea t !y are di/9ctive3 b !y are n4 ,sid5ote3 ,"s ,g5]al ,h9ts wor? ,not+ ,long l9es are bett] = descriptive v]se ?an %ort ones4 ,a /ately metre1 ) well-m>k$ cad5ce1 is be/ suit$ to a l(ty !me4 ,?is is illu/rat$ 9 ,! ,valley ,song1 by ! late ,mable ,e>le1 :i* we repr9t by c\rtesy ( ! ,am]ican ,sunday ,s*ool ,times4 ,a ,,valley ,,song ,by ,,mable ,,e>le ,because ! ,syrians h said1 ,! ,"l is ,god ( ! hills1 b ,he is n ,god ( ! valleys4 ,god ( ! heights :]e m5 walk free1 ,above life's lure1 beyond dea?'s /+2 ,"l ( all s\ls t rise to ,!e1 ,:ite ) supreme self-(f]+2 ,?\ :o ha/ cr[n$ ! he>ts t d>e1 ,?\ :o ha/ n]v$ ! h&s to d1 ,god ( ! heights6 give u to %>e ,?y k+dom 9 ! valleys too4 ,our eyes look up to ^? :o /& ,viceg]5ts ( ,?y /a9less sway1 ,h]oes & sa9ts at ,?y "r h&1 ,?y prie/s & k+s ( glory !y4 ,n ours to tread ! pa? !y trod1 ,spl5did & %>p1 /ill rea*+ high]2 ,n ours to lay be=e our ,god ,! cr[ns !y snat*$ f flood & fire4 ,yet ?r\gh ! daily1 daz+ toil1 ,! cr[d+ tasks ( h& & bra91 ,keep pure our lips1 ,"l ,*ri/1 f soil1 ,keep pure our lives f sordid ga94 ,come to ! level ( our days1 ,! l[ly h\rs ( du/ & d91 ,& 9 ! valley-l&s upraise ,?y k+dom ov] self & s94 ,n ours ! dawn-lit heights2 & yet ,up to ! hills :]e m5 walk free ,we lift our eyes1 le/ fai? =get ,! ,light :i* light$ !m to ,!e4 ,god ( all h]oes1 ours & ,?9e1 ,god ( all toil]s6 keep u true1 ,till ,love's et]nal glory %9e ,9 sunrise on ! valleys too4 ,%ort l9es1 irregul> metre & unusual con/ruction1 are be/ = light or :imsical subjects4 ,! ,limitations ( ,y\?1 by ,eug5e ,field1 is an example4 ,to put x ano!r way3 :5 ! subject is dignifi$1 ! l9es %\ld roll along2 :5 ! subject is light & airy1 ! l9es %\ld ripple pa/4 ,! m peaceful ! subject1 ! m ne$ = melliflu5t treatm5t4 ,/]n or tragic subjects c /& rugg$ word+ & %ape4 ,v]ses writt5 = *ildr51 or on *ildi% !mes1 %\ld be simple 9 con/ruction1 ) rhymes ne> toge!r1 & l9es ( n m ?an eight syllables z a rule4 #h4f's1 rhym+ alt]nately1 are ! easie/ to memorise1 & !re=e ! mo/ popul> ) *ildr54 ,exam9e ! poems 9 ,/ev5son's ,a ,*ild's ,g>d5 ( ,v]ses1 & note ! simplicity ( _! con/ruction1 ! music ( _! rhymes1 & _! cle>1 direct me?od ( /atem5t--! latt] an ess5tial if *ildr5 are to be int]e/$4 ,"o ( ! reasons = ! appeal t ,hiawa?a makes inv>iably to *ildr5 is its direct =m ( /atem5t1 ) few involv$ s5t5ces2 & its eight-syllable l9es4 ,eug5e ,field's poems on *ildhood !mes1 & "s ( ! passages 9 ,! ,=e/ ( ,wild ,?yme1 by ,alfr$ ,noyes1 are delightful examples ( ! possibilities ( #h4f l9es ) alt]nate rhymes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,m]ely to break up prose into l9es ( irregul> l5g?1 is n to produce poetry4 ,!re mu/ n only be beauty 9 individual l9es & phrases1 b !re mu/ be beauty ( idea & =m 9 ! v]ses z a :ole4 ,at ! same "t1 nev] sacrifice s5se to s\nd4 ,"y writ]s sometimes say to me1 ,i see s mu*1 & feel s mu*1 yet ,i _c put x into words3 ! ?\ghts are beautiful :ile !y are inside my bra91 b !re seem no words adequate to express !m2 ,i am baffl$ directly ,i try to put !m d[n on pap]4 ,don't despair4 ,e poet has felt ! same3 b let x enc\rage y to recollect t _m h got ! bett] ( ! feel+1 by h>d "w & %e] det]m9ation4 ,aft] all y h all ! words !re are1 & ! mo/ fam\s ( poets _h no m ?an ?is to "w )4 ,we sometimes =get t 9 ! end1 ! greate/ writ] t ev] liv$ _h to r$uce ev]y?+ to ! same words y & ,i are free to use4 ,y may rememb] t ,m>k ,twa9 once w5t to a well-kn[n prea*]1 :o _h deliv]$ a magnific5t s]mon1 &1 aft] extoll+ x & ?ank+ him = x1 ! hum\ri/ add$1 ,b ,i h se5 e ^w ( x be=e1 9 pr9t6 ,! a/oni%$ prea*] ask$1 indignantly1 ,:]e8 ,9 ! diction>y1 repli$ ,m>k ,twa94 ,! ,function ( ! ,blue ,p5cil ,j z we all "k t a k+ w\ld be no k+ )\t a cr[n1 & ! ,"l ,mayor ( ,london w\ld be b a m]e mortal man )\t 8 mace & 8 gorge\s gilt coa*1 s no self-respect+ editor is suppos$ to exi/ ap>t f a blue p5cil4 ,& ,i admit x is a s]viceable article1 b1 p]sonally1 ,i pref] t x %\ld be us$ by ! contributor4 ,i d n want to h to sp5d "t 9 revis+ a ,,ms41 to get x into publi%able %ape2 nei!r does any o!r editor4 ,! blue p5cil /&s = deletion4 ,practically e writ] ne$s to cut d[n ! fir/ draft ( a /ory or article4 ,"s prune m sev]ely ?an o!rs1 b all exp]i5c$ work]s r$uce & cond5se be=e !y f9ally pass a ,,ms4 = publication4 ,x is n until a ,,ms4 is complet$--r\ghly--t "o c actually tell :]e x is balanc$1 & :]e x is light-weight or top-heavy4 ,?+s exp& 9 unexpect$ directions z we g along2 developm5ts sugge/ !mselves tempt+ly :5 we are halfway ?r\gh1 & !n ?r[ ! e>li] *apt]s q out ( proportion to ! /ory z a :ole2 matt]s t seem$ ( great mom5t :5 we 7 9 ,*apt] #b h ton$ d[n to ! v ord9>y by ! "t we h pil$ on t5 m *apt]s ( /ress & ?rills & emotion4 ,"o _c /op to adju/ x z "o goes along1 because no "o c say :e!r ! re-adju/m5t itself may n be out ( ge> by ! "t ! f9ale is rea*$4 ,consequ5tly1 ! be/ way is to g "r on1 lett+ ev]y?+ fall z x happ5s 7b keep+ z ne> z y c to y\r orig9al plan1 unless !re is j cause = a dep>ture !refrom74 ,:5 y h writt5 ,f9is1 ov]haul ! ,,ms4 f beg9n+ to end1 sp>+ nei!r y\r blue p5cil nor y\r feel+s1 if common s5se1 & k ( y\r craft1 tell y t c]ta9 portions or s5t5ces w\ld be bett] omitt$4 ,x is nei!r an easy nor a pleas+ task--especially to ! novice4 ,! e>ly *ildr5 ( our bra9 seem ( su* priceless wor?1 t we reg>d !m ) a c]ta9 s5se ( awe4 ,did ,i write t beautiful passage ab\t ! moon silv]+ ! tree-tops8 ,!n x mu/ belong j :]e ,i put x4 ,cut x out8 ,c]ta9ly n6 ,i consid] x ! mo/ exquisite p>agraph 9 ! :ole /ory4 ,?is is ! way we look at our "w :5 we h n _m publi%$ items to our "n4 ,lat]1 exp]i5ce & ! tra9+ t comes f practice1 tea* u to arm ourselves z a matt] ( c\rse ) a blue p5cil1 ignore p]sonal s5tim5t1 & look at our ,,mss4 ) a coldly critical eye4 ,!n we may discov] t a s5t5ce or p>agraph1 ?\gh ( und\bt$ m]it & beauty--7we ne$ n d5y x t mu*67--does n q fit 9 :]e we orig9ally plac$ x4 ,possibly x is sup]flu\s1 9 view ( :at foll[s lat]2 or r$undant1 9 view ( :at w5t be=e2 or x may h lo/ life & col\r ) ! passage ( "t2 or x may seem hackney$1 or weak1 7?\gh we d n use su* insult+ words to our own writ+s till we are fairly advanc$74 ,b :atev] ! reason1 if on exam9+ a s5t5ce1 x does n appe> to s]ve any vital purpose1 take x out4 ,if y ?9k !re is wor? 9 x1 save x = a possible use at a lat] date 9 "s o!r ,,ms41 ?\gh1 p]sonally1 ,i d n believe 9 any sort ( re*auffe ( old matt]1 simply because z "t goes on we *ange 9 our /yle ( writ+ z we d 9 our ta/es & pref]5ces 9 neckties4 ,& :at y write ?is ye>1 w n necess>ily dovetail 9 ) :at y write 9 a few ye>s' "t4 ,/ill1 if y feel x w\ld be wa/+ fla%es ( g5ius to de/roy x1 & x w\ld be any com=t to y to ho>d x--d s2 ! ma9 ?+ is to delete x f ! ,,ms4 y are revis+1 if !re be any d\bt ab\t its value4 ,a beg9n]'s ,,ms4 usually ne$s to be cut d[n to ab\t half its orig9al l5g?4 ,h>d luck1 = ! beg9n]1 ,i "k1 consid]+ ! way he w h lab\r$ lov+ly ov] e s5t5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,,mss4 ne$ to be ,pull$ ,toge!r ,nev]!less1 x pulls ! "w toge!r if ! blue p5cil be appli$ g5]\sly4 ,"s articles & /ories appe> to sprawl all ov] ! place 7sprawl is n a pretty ^w1 b x is expressive74 ,! writ] does n seem able to foll[ up any idea to a logical conclusion1 )\t int]polat+ s mu* irrelevant matt] t ! ma9 !me is ne>ly smo!r$ by ! extrane\s items1 & ! read] gets only a confus$ impression ( :at x is all ab\t4 ,su* "w ne$s pull+ toge!r1 i4e4 ! ess5tial portions t %\ld foll[ ea* o!r 9 natural sequ5ce ne$ to be br\ght clos] toge!r2 & ?is c only be done by cle>+ away ! non-ess5tials t sep>ate !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,! way ,phil ,may made 8 ,sket*es ,! late ,phil ,may once %[$ me h[ he drew 8 inimitable sket*es1 t always look$ s simple1 oh s simple6 to ! un9itiat$4 ,fir/ he made a sket* full ( detail1 ) ev]y?+ includ$1 mu* z o!r p make sket*es4 ,:5 ?is 0 f9i%$ to 8 satisfaction1 he />t$ to take out e l9e t 0 n actually necess>y to ! und]/&+ ( ! picture4 ,f9ally he _h left no?+ b a few /rokes--yet1 su* 0 8 g5ius = see+ :at to delete & :at to leave1 ! picture _h ga9$ r ?an lo/ 9 "*1 =ce1 & compreh5siv5ess4 ,! secret ( ! matt] is ?is4 ,by remov+ ev]y?+ t is n ( vital importance to ! :ole1 7:e!r 9 pa9t+ or 9 writ+71 !re is less confusion ( vision1 less to di/ract ! m9d1 or swit* x (f to side issues4 ,?is does n mean t ev]y?+ is bett] = be+ giv5 9 b>e outl9e4 ,und\bt$ly c]ta9 additions & decorations & descriptions c be made to emphasise ! au?or's mean+1 to impress a sc5e m vividly on ! m9d4 ,we d n want all our pictures to be modell$ on ! l9es ( ,phil ,may1 clev] z 8 "w 04 ,!re is room = endless v>iety4 ,! au?or %\ld rememb]1 h[ev]1 t x is bett] to err on ! side ( dra/ic deletion1 r ?an leave 9 matt] t is no actual ga9 to ! picture1 & only s]ves to di/ract & confuse & ov]load ! read]'s m9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,bew>e ! ,plausible ,imp ,!re is a ,plausible ,imp :o p]*es on ! top ( e beg9n]'s ink/&1 & passes 8 wick$ little "t assur+ !m all t !y are too clev] to ne$ h$g+ ab\t by rules1 t _! "w _c be improv$ ^u1 & w\ld only be spoilt if x 7 alt]$ 9 any way4 ,don't he$ him6 ,! beg9n]'s "w is nev] spoilt by cond5sation2 r x is inv>iably improv$ by cutt+ d[n4 ,9 ! ma91 e writ]'s "w ne$s prun+1 until he has _h suffici5t practice to "k :at is n wor? :ile to put d[n 9 ! fir/ place--& "o ne$s to be exceptionally gift$ to "k ?is4 ,if1 on read+ y\r ,,ms4 aft] its completion1 y feel y\r "w is s good t x ne$s no blue p5cil--bew>e6 ,y h n got !re yet6 ,,"p ,,five ,,au?or1 ,,publi%]1 ,,& ,,public ,ev]y?+ resolves itself d[n1 9 ! publi%]'s m9d1 to ! "o simple "q3 ,is ?is ,,ms4 :at ! public wants8 ,:5 ,(f]+ ,goods = ,sale ,suppos+--t :5 y g into ! fi%mong]'s1 he (f]s y a cod t is slightly (f2 &1 :ile apologis+ = its feebl5ess1 begs y to take x1 z he has an invalid daught] suff]+ f sp9al compla9t1 :o ne$s a *ange at ! seaside4 ,or--t ! assi/ant 9 ! m5's hosi]y %op begs y to take half a doz5 extra neckties1 z he is anxi\s to buy ! baby a mu*-ne$$ pram1 & 8 sal>y dep5ds prim>ily on 8 commissions4 ,or--t ! sew+-ma*9e ag5t1 :5 s5d+ ar\nd circul>s1 adds a dev\t hope1 z a ,p4,s41 t y w pur*ase a ma*9e1 s9ce he is anxi\s to increase 8 subscription to =eign missions4 ,or--t ! incompet5t dressmak] besee*es y to take a g>m5t t w\ld fit nobody & suit nobody1 because %e has a wid[$ "m to support4 ,prepo/]\s6 y say4 ,su* ?+s w\ld nev] occur4 ,& yet ?is is precisely :at is happ5+ e day ( ! ye> 9 ! lit]>y bus9ess6 ,"h are "s s5t5ces f lett]s accompany+ ,,mss4 s5t to my (fice ! week ,i am writ+ ?is4 ,i %\ld e/eem x a great k9dness if y c\ld /ret* a po9t 9 fav\r ( my /ory1 ev5 ?\gh x may n be q up to y\r /&>d 7& ,i c see1 on re-read+1 t x has defects72 b ,i am anxi\s to make "s money 9 ord] to take a fri5d 9 :om ,i am deeply int]e/$ to ! seaside = a mu*-ne$$ *ange4 ,%e is an invalid1 &---- "h foll[ copi\s details ab\t ! fri5d4 ,ano!r writes3 ,i mu/ ask y to give ?is e consid]ation1 z ,i devote all ! money ,i make by my writ+s to *>ity4 ,a ?ird says frankly1 y really mu/ accept ?is /ory1 z ,i ne$ money badly4 ,& = a truly nauseat+ lett]1 ,i ?9k ! foll[+ is z objectionable z any ,i h receiv$ 9 ?is connection3 ,my de> wife has rec5tly pass$ away1 aft] ye>s ( acute & protract$ suff]+4 ,my he>t 0 r5t ) sympa?y = h] :ile %e liv$1 & n[ ! blank caus$ by h] dea? is almo/ intol]able4 ,h[ ,i %all face life )\t h] ,i d n "k2 = %e 0 inde$ a help-meet 9 e s5se ( ! ^w1 ,9 ord] to div]t my m9d f ?is well-nigh insurm\ntable sorr[1 ,i h writt5 a /ory ',! ,=g$ ,*eque1' :i* ,i feel is j ! ?+ = y\r magaz9e4 ,i ask y to reg>d x l5i5tly1 rememb]+ t x is writt5 ) a break+ he>t1 etc4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,problem ( ,y\? ,!n !re are o!r reasons advanc$ :y ! editor %\ld accept a ,,ms41 ! y\?fulness or ! inexp]i5ce ( ! au?or be+ frequ5tly m5tion$4 ,:ile x is no crime to be "y1 x is no p>ticul> advantage :5 "o is seek+ to place a /ory4 ,inexp]i5ce1 on ! o!r h&1 might be reg>d$ z a di/9ct drawback4 ,b 9 any case1 ! editor does n pur*ase ,,mss4 m]ely because !y are ! writ]s' fir/ attempts4 ,h[ev] good !y may be = fir/ attempts1 or h[ev] promis+ !y may be consid]+ ! age ( ! writ]1 all t has practically no?+ to d ) ! editor's decision1 unless he is runn+ any pages 9 8 p]iodical = ! exploitation ( immature "w or juv5ile ef=t4 ,& 9 ^! days ( high-pric$ pap] & exp5sive production1 v few pap]s d ?is4 ,sid5ote3 ,! way ,phil ,may made 8 ,sket*es ,x is h>d to make ! amateur und]/& t a magaz9e is fir/ & =emo/ a bus9ess proposition1 z mu* z a %op or a factory4 ,! editor mu/ make x pay2 & 9 ord] to d ?is1 he mu/ publi% ! type ( matt] t 8 read]s are will+ to pur*ase4 ,ea* magaz9e appeals to a def9ite section ( ! public 7or x %\ld d s1 if x is to be a success74 ,no "o magaz9e appeals to e human be+4 ,"s want s5sation1 "s want art1 "s want fa%ions1 & s on4 ,& z x is impossible to include ev]y?+ 9 any "o publication1 ea* editor aims to please a c]ta9 class ( ta/es--good1 bad or indiff]5t1 accord+ to ! policy ( 8 pap]4 ,& he kn[s to a fraction almo/1 :at w suit 8 public1 & :at !y w n c>e ab\t4 ,h[ does he "k8 ,x is "p ( 8 m5tal & bus9ess equipm5t3 ! k (t5 co/s him ye>s ( /udy & obs]vation2 & x is "o ( ! qualifications = :i* he is paid 8 sal>y4 ,& because he kn[s :at 8 public w buy1 & :at !y d n want1 he pur*ases ,,mss4 accord+ly4 ,x is immat]ial to him :e!r ! writ] ne$s money = *>ity1 or to support an ag$ relative1 or m]ely to soo! a b]eav$ s\l3 ! only "q he consid]s is :e!r ! public w want a c]ta9 ,,ms4 or n4 ,he is n engag$ by ! proprietors to aid *>ity1 or to m9i/] to ! necessit\s2 8 "w is to provide goods t ! public w buy--j l any o!r bus9ess man4 ,& he is unmov$1 !re=e1 by irrelevant appeals4 ,( c\rse he has o!r matt]s to look to z well z ! provid+ ( goods ! public w buy2 he helps to %ape public op9ion1 = in/ance1 & raises1 or l[]s1 ! public ta/e4 ,b s f> z ! amateur is conc]n$1 ! po9t to rememb] is ! fact t an editor is 9 no way influ5c$ by ! writ]'s ne$ = pecuni>y assi/ance4 ,if he 71 8 po/-bag w\ld be a hundr$ times heavi] ?an x is already1 & x is q heavy en\gh z x is6 ,sid5ote3 ,a ,publi%] is n an ,ag5t = ,philan?ropy ,9 ! same way1 only m s1 a publi%] is conc]n$ ) ! sell+ qualities ( a ,,ms4 r ?an ) ! writ]'s private affairs4 ,he is runn+ a bus9ess conc]n ) a view to "s m>g9 ( pr(it4 ,presumably he has a wife & family to support1 r5t1 rates & taxes to meet 79 addition to help+ to pay = ! w>7--l any o!r man4 ,& he sp5ds 8 days 9 ! dim1 fu/y airlessness ( a publi%]'s (fice = ! purpose ( mak+ a liv+ out ( ! books he publi%es4 ,!re=e1 he is n likely to be incl9$ to br+ out a book1 :i* 8 bus9ess exp]i5ce tells him ! public w nev] buy1 m]ely because 7z "o s5d] ( a ,,ms4 rec5tly put x7 ! moral ( my essays is really beautiful1 & x w d p good to read !m1 if ev5 !y d n br+ 9 pr(it4 ,read !m y\rself & y w see t ,i am n exagg]at+4 ,possibly ! moral ( a ,,ms4 is q good3 b x may n be ! p>ticul> br& ( goodness t ! public is will+ to pur*ase at ! mom5t2 & ! publi%] kn[s x is hopeless to put x on ! m>ket 9 t case4 ,equally x is useless to expect him to be influ5c$ fav\rably simply because y\r e>n+s are e>-m>k$ = *>ity4 ,at ! end ( ! ye>1 %\ld he see t ! money he paid = a c]ta9 item 0 a dead loss1 x w\ld be no consolation to him to rememb] t ! au?or _h devot$ ! ca% to a ,seaside ,holiday ,home = ,m5 on ,/rike 9 :i* %e 0 int]e/$4 ,!re=e sp>e him all su* data4 ,! less y add to :at he has to read daily1 ! bett]4 ,an accompany+ lett] is really unnecess>y--only x is useful to affix ! /amps to1 = ! return ( ! ,,ms4 if reject$4 ,pr(use explanations are all beside ! m>k1 & give an amateuri%1 unbus9ess-l look to a communication4 ,:atev] y may write ab\t y\rself on y\r ,,ms41 9 praise !re(1 or 9 ext5uation1 ev]y?+ resolves itself d[n--9 ! publi%]'s m9d--to ! "o simple "q3 ,is ?is :at ! public wants8 ,sid5ote3 ,we ?9k we c ,judge ! ,value ( our ,"w bett] ?an a ,publi%] c ,_m a beg9n] is conv9c$ 8 ,,ms4 w\ld sell1 if only x 7 pr9t$4 ,x is natural t we h a c]ta9 am\nt ( belief 9 our own "w1 m especially if we h giv5 mu* "t & ?\ght to x4 ,moreov]1 we possibly see po9ts 9 x t no "o else c2 we see :at a we meant to put d[n1 )\t 9 any way realis+ h[ f> our actual writ+ falls %ort ( ! ideas t 7 9 our bra94 ,! outcome ( ?is p>tiality = our own writ+1 is a c]ta9ty t p are n able to d u ju/ice if !y d n ?9k z highly ( x z we d4 ,b ! publi%] is bett] able to judge ( ! sell+ possibilities ( a "w ?an ! au?or2 x is 8 bus9ess2 he is at x all day long4 ,he has no p]sonal feel+s involv$1 8 ma9 conc]n be+ to make a book a pr(itable conc]n2 & 8 exp]i5ce tea*es him pretty accurately :at ! public w buy & :at x w leave on 8 h&s4 ,he may occasionally make a mi/ake 7?\gh x is surpris+ h[ seldom an exp]t publi%] does make a wrong e/imate1 consid]+ h[ v>i\s are ! ,,mss4 t pass ?r\gh 8 (fice72 b :5 he does1 he m (t5 errs on ! side ( be+ ov]-sangu9e1 & giv+ ! au?or ! b5efit ( ! d\bt1 ?an 9 ! direction ( turn+ d[n any?+ t might h made 81 & ! au?or's1 =tune4 ,sid5ote3 ,a ,consol+ ,?\ght--no d\bt ,"s writ]s are conv9c$ t ! /yle ( _! ,,ms4 0 too good = ! editor :o reject$ x1 & altoge!r above 8 intellig5ce4 ,?is is a consol+ ?\ght1 no d\bt2 b un=tunately x does n take "o any fur!r4 ,i "k t in/ances are occasionally quot$ 7always ! same in/ances1 by ! way71 :]e books t ultimately a*iev$ "s success 7 decl9$ by sev]al publi%]s be=e !y 7 f9ally l&$4 ,b 9 "s ( ^! cases ! books 9 "q 7 s v mu* (f ! beat5 track z to be v]g+ on freaki%ness--& no "o liv+ c gu>antee a =eca/ ( h[ ! public w receive a freak6 ,"h & !re "o f9ds a publi%] :o enjoys a gamble1 & w risk a little on su* unc]ta9ties2 7sometimes he gets 8 rew>d1 m (t5 he doesn't72 b ! majority pref] a saf]1 ev5 ?\gh less excit+1 c\rse6 ,"o o!r matt] may h contribut$ to ! refusals ^! ,,mss4 met )--possibly !y 7 (f]$ to publi%]s :o did n h&le t p>ticul> type ( "w4 ,publi%]s usually specialise 9 fix$ directions1 j z magaz9e editors d4 ,no "o attempts to cov] ! :ole range ( read+2 a glance at any publi%]'s catalogue w %[ ?is4 ,a ,,ms4 turn$ d[n by "o1 z be+ useless to ! section ( ! public 9 :i* he is int]e/$1 may be tak5 by ano!r1 :o rea*es a totally diff]5t class ( read]4 ,!re=e d n despair1 if y\r /ory does n get accept$ ! fir/ "t ( ask+4 ,!re may be a v>iety ( reasons :y t p>ticul> publi%] or editor did n want t p>ticul> ,,ms4 ,b 9 any case1 don't sit d[n at ! fir/ rebuff & say1 ,:at's ! good ( any?+8 ,a g5ius has no *ance n[adays any m ?an poor ,*att]ton _h6 7,by ! way1 ,i h he>d sev]al desp]ate1 w\ld-be au?ors m5tion ,*att]ton & lik5 _! own pr$icam5t to 81 b n "o has ev] *anc$ to be able to quote me a l9e ( 8 "w67 ,!re is no ne$ to feel t ! bottom has dropp$ out ( ! univ]se1 because y\r ,,ms4 has be5 return$4 ,try else:]e4 ,if x is decl9$ by five or six diff]5t publi%]s1 !n y may safely conclude t x is n ! k9d ( "w ! public w buy at ! mom5t2 or x may be t y\r writ+ is n suffici5tly mature4 ,9 t case1 put t ,,ms4 aside1 & tackle ano!r1 some?+ q fre%4 ,i nev] ?9k x is wor? :ile to try & re-write or re-con/ruct ! reject$ ,,ms4--at any rate1 n till y are tol]ably advanc$4 ,x really takes no m "t to write some?+ entirely new4 ,if only ,i c\ld get an introduction to an editor1 ,i am sure ,i c\ld get my "w tak54 ,"o (t5 he>s ?is said4 ,yet !re nev] 0 a great] delusion ?an ?is idea t introductions "w ! oracle4 ,x w\ld be a diff]5t matt] if an editor1 or publi%]1 _h a surfeit ( good "w1 & really did n "k :at to disc>d3 9 su* circum/ances 7:i* won't occur ?is side ( ! mill5nium67 an introduction might help to secure att5tion = an individual writ]4 ,b z x is1 ! editor is only too anxi\s to pur*ase good "w :5 x comes 8 way2 he does n wait = any introduction4 ,if a ,,ms4 /rays into 8 (fice t possesses ! qualities he is look+ =1 he writes ! au?or =?)1 8 "o desire be+ to pur*ase ! ,,ms4 ,/ill1 if y really feel y mu/ be arm$ ) "s su* docum5t1 x is z well to be q sure t ! introduction is a desirable "o4 ,"h are two lett]s t rea*$ me by ! same po/4 ,! fir/ 0 f ,miss ,blank1 a /rang]1 :o said-- ,my fri5d ,mr4 ,da%1 :o ?9ks v highly ( my "w1 has urg$ me to let y see "s ( x1 z he ?9ks x is j ! sort ( ?+ y w be glad to h = y\r magaz9e4 ,he is writ+ a lett] ( introduction4 ,i %all be glad if y w "n a "t = a p]sonal int]view1 z ,i c bett] expla9--etc4 ,! second 0 f ,mr4 ,da%1 an acqua9tance ( long /&+1 :o said-- ,!re is a c]ta9 ,miss ,blank :o is anxi\s ,i %\ld write h] a lett] ( introduction to y\rself--:i* ,i d h]e)4 ,i "k no?+ :atev] ab\t h]1 save t %e seems to be a fir/-class nuisance4 ,i h nev] se5 h]1 hav5't a gho/ ( a notion if %e c write3 probably %e c't4 ,b %e happ5s to be ! si/] ( ! fiance ( ! daught] ( my "m-9-law's de>e/ & olde/ fri5d2 & any man :o values ! peace & happ9ess ( 8 home endeav\rs to propitiate 8 "m-9-law1 especially :5 %e has m5tion$ ! matt] six times already4 ,!re=e ,i tru/ ?is introduction is 9 ord]4 ,sid5ote3 ,p]sonal ,int]views are seldom desirable z a ,prelim9>y ,! desirability ( a p]sonal int]view ) an editor is ano!r delusion to :i* ! amateur cl+s4 ,z a rule no?+ is ga9$ 7b a good deal ( "t is lo/7 by talk+ a contribution ov] be=e ! prelim9>y ,,ms4 is read4 ,aft] all1 ! ,,ms4 is ! item by :i* ! au?or /&s or falls4 ,if x is good1 & :at ! editor wants1 he w take x--& take x only too gladly2 if x is n good1 or n :at he wants1 no am\nt ( prelim9>y conv]sation w secure its acceptance2 = no matt] h[ delightful ! conv]sation may h be51 he does n pr9t t2 x is ! ,,ms4 itself t decides ! crucial "q ( publication or no publication4 ,9 "s cases a prelim9>y lett] is desirable3 x may be advisable to asc]ta9 be=eh& :e!r an editor is op5 to consid] an article on a d\btful subject4 ,b if y wi% to avoid induc+ a s5se ( irritation 9 8 s\l1 d n ask = a p]sonal int]view1 s9ce 9 all probability1 if he is z ru%$ z mo/ editors are n[adays1 he w turn d[n ! matt] =?)1 r ?an sp5d "t on talk t may lead n[h]e4 ,x mu/ always be borne 9 m9d t ^! are ov]work$1 und]/aff$1 hu/l+ times 9 a v complex age2 & ! newspap] & magaz9e (fice feels ?is m ke5ly ?an any o!r bran* ( ! bus9ess _w1 simply because p]iodicals mu/ reflect ! _s ( _! day & g5]ation1 & keep ! read]s 9 t\* ) all t is go+ on1--& all is a l>ge1 & con/antly *ang+1 ord] at pres5t4 ,?is means t ! editorial (fices are always m or less 9 a /ate ( t5sion2 !re is no "t to sp>e = int]views t may prove fruitless2 ! day is seldom long en\gh to get 9 all t is c]ta9 to be pr(itable to ! pap]4 ,!re=e1 say :at y h to say by lett]--& say x cle>ly & briefly4 ,! editor =ms 8 judgm5t by :at y say1 & if he wants to talk ! matt] ov] ) y1 he w soon let y "k4 ,b ,i always feel ,i c expla9 myself s mu* bett] 9 a conv]sation--no matt] h[ brief--?an 9 a lett]4 ,?is is a frequ5t plea4 ,! public1 h[ev]1 w judge y by :at y write1 n by :at y say2 if y _c express y\rself well 9 writ+1 y may speak ) ! tongues ( m5 & ( angels yet x w avail y no?+ :]e ! publication ( y\r ,,ms4 is conc]n$4 ,if y _c write ab\t x s t ! editor c und]/&1 ! public are n likely to be able to compreh5d x any bett]4 ,wom5 are p>ticul>ly prone to ask = an int]view1 & ?is because !y in/9ctively rely to "s ext5t on ! appeal ( _! p]sonality 9 mo/ ( _! bus9ess transactions4 ,by f> ! wis] c\rse1 h[ev]1 is = a woman to express h]self s well 9 h] writ+ t ! (fice simply tumbles ov] itself 9 its anxiety to make h] p]sonal acqua9tance4 ,& ,i h kn[n ?is to happ5 on m ?an "o occasion4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,irrepressible ,call] ,nev]!less1 m5 c also di/+ui% !mselves :5 mak+ calls4 ,! c>d ( a /rang]1 be>+ a ,nebraska address1 0 br\ght to me "o aft]noon4 ,he urg$ t 8 bus9ess 0 ( great importance4 ,f9ally ,i saw him4 ,he 0 a mo/ intellig5t-look+ ,am]ican1 &1 l ! majority ( 8 c\ntrym51 0 n long 9 com+ to ! po9t4 ,he said he _h writt5 "s poems1 & promptly plac$ be=e me a %eaf ( ,,ms4 ,i told him ,i w\ld look at !m if he w\ld leave !m4 ,j y run y\r eye d[n ^!1 he said4 ,i prote/$ t ,i c\ld n possibly d 8 "w ju/ice if ,i skimm$ x 9 any su* mann]4 ,!n he expla9$ t ^! 7 n poems--! ma/]pieces w\ld come lat]--^! 7 press notices ( "s poems he _h _h pr9t$ 9 a ,nebraska pap]4 ,i read a few2 ,i _h nev] ev5 he>d ( ! majority ( ! pap]s t review$ 8 "w2 b he seem$ to take himself v s]i\sly1 "o _h n ! he>t to %att] 8 illusions4 ,!n he produc$ ! bales ( poems4 ,he wat*$ me s eag]ly ,i 0 oblig$ to read "s4 ,i bes\ght him to leave ! re/ ) me1 z ,i c\ld n decide s important a matt] hurri$ly4 ,oh1 b j read ?is "o1 he p]si/$4 ,mr4 ,blank ( our city--nev] he>d ( him8 ,y d surprise me6--he says he consid]s x z f9e z any?+ y\r ,p]cy ,b4 ,%elley ev] wrote4 ,9 a mom5t ( abject weakness ,i said ! poem 0 fair4 ,!n ! he>t ( t man w>m$ t[>ds me2 he told me ( 8 hopes1 8 plans & 8 aspirations1 & ,i tri$ to sympa?ise ) !m4 ,i c\ld n d less1 s9ce ,i owe ,am]ica mu* = k9dness & hospitality x has %[n me on _m occasions4 ,:5 at la/ he rose1 reluctantly 7he _h /ay$ an h\r & a qu>t]71 ,i (f]$ him my h&4 ,he took x ) a he>ty grip4 ,well1 ,i'm real glad to h kn[n y1 he said4 ,x's be5 a g5u9e pleasure to h ?is talk ) y1 = y are1 )\t exception1 ! mo/ in=m$ & intellectual p]son ,i've met s9ce ,i've be5 9 y\r c\ntry4 ,i felt imm$iately remorseful t ,i _h grudg$ him ! little *at2 he 0 evid5tly a disc]n+ "y man4 ,! pleasure has be5 m9e1 ,i assur$ him1 & inquir$ h[ long he _h be5 9 ,engl&8 ,i l&$ at ,s\?ampton at t5 o'clock ?is morn+1 0 ! response4 ,i smil+ly tri$ to disguise ! sudd5 lapse ( my en?usiasm4 ,i mu/ h succe$$1 = he next said3 ,& n[ ,i guess ,i'll g d[n & fet* up my wife4 ,%e's be5 wait+ 9 ! /reet outside :ile ,i came up to see :at y 7 l4 ,i size x %e'll j enjoy mak+ a little visit ) y4 ,sid5ote3 ,,mss4 _c always be ,read z ,soon z !y are ,receiv$ ,x is only natural t an au?or %\ld be ke5 to "k ! v]dict on 8 "w1 once he has s5t x out to try its =tune4 ,b x is useless to get impati5t because no news ( x is =?com+ next day4 ,sometimes weeks elapse1 sometimes mon?s1 be=e a ,,ms4 c be read4 ,b s9ce ! publi%] makes no *>ge = read+ a ,,ms4 7& ! read+ co/s money3 "s "o's "t has to be paid =1 & x is "s "o :o draws a fair sal>y1 too71 he mu/ be all[$ to d x at 8 own conv5i5ce4 ,if he has n ask$ y to s5d a ,,ms41 y _c exactly dictate h[ soon x %\ld be read4 ,naturally1 x is read z quickly z possible2 ?is is to e "o's int]e/2 b ?is does n mean t x c be read ! next day1 or ev5 ! next week4 ,o!r au?ors may h prec$$ y4 ,! amateur :o s5ds lett]s ( inquiry be=e "o has sc>cely _h "t to op5 ! envelope1 is doom$ to h 8 "w reject$4 ,no (fice has "t to write & expla9 t ! matt] w be consid]$ 9 due c\rse1 etc41 s ! ,,ms4 is m]ely return$4 ,x seems impossible to make ! av]age beg9n] und]/& t 8 is n ! only /ory (f]$1 & t ?+s h to take _! turn4 ,moreov]1 x is z difficult to please ev]ybody z x 0 = ! old man ) ! donkey 9 ! fable4 ,if ,,mss4 are n return$ imm$iately1 ! editor is bomb>d$ ) compla9ts f "o set ( aggriev$ au?ors2 if he is able to read !m at once1 & he returns !m quickly1 he is ! recipi5t ( un*>itable lett]s accus+ him ( hav+ disc>d$ ! ,,mss4 unread4 ,!re is an int]e/+ /ory ( a suspici\s lady :o prid$ h]self on lay+ traps = ! neglig5t editor--pages put 9 ! wrong ord]1 o!rs upside d[n1 & su*like devices ) :i* e magaz9e (fice is famili>4 ,at la/ %e succe$$ 9 prov+ t ! mon/] :o sat at ! receipt ( ,,mss4 9 "o p>ticul> publi%+ h\se 0 a consummate rascal4 ,,sir1 %e wrote1 ,i h long suspect$ t y basely deceive ! public into believ+ t y read _! works1 :ile 9 reality y return !m unread4 ,b at la/ ,i h caught y hot-h&$ 9 ! v act4 ,x w d\btless int]e/ y to "k t ,i purposely gumm$ toge!r pages #if & #ig1 v slightly1 9 ! top "r-h& corn]4 ,_h y fulfill$ y\r duty & done ! "w = :i* y\r employ] pays y a sal>y1 y w\ld h discov]$ ?is & deta*$ ! pages 9 "q4 ,! editor repli$3 ,,de> ,,madam1--,if y w take a %>p p5-knife1 & remove ! fragm5t ( gum betwe5 pages #if & #ig1 9 ! top "r-h& corn]1 x may int]e/ y to discov] my initials und]nea?4 ,%\ld all ,,mss4 be typ$8 is a "q (t5 ask$4 ,sid5ote3 ,if y wi% y\r ,,ms4 to be ,read3 make ! ,read+ ,easy ,x is advisable to h !m typ$ if possible1 z ?is enables !m to be read m quickly ?an if s5t untyp$4 ,rememb] t y\r object 9 s5d+ a ,,ms4 to a publi%]1 or editor1 is to get x read3 !re=e x is policy to d all 9 y\r p[] to facilitate ! read+4 ,ow+ to ! widespread int]e/ 9 lit]ature1 & ! univ]sal desire to see oneself 9 pr9t1 ! numb] ( ,,mss4 t rea* ! (fice ( any g5]al p]iodical ( good /&+1 is imm5se2 & ! eye-/ra9 entail$ 9 read+ is v great4 ,x has !re=e become necess>y to ask = ,,mss4 to be typ$ :5 possible2 ?\gh any?+ t 0 cle>ly writt51 9 a bold readable h&1 w\ld nev] be turn$ d[n because x 0 n typ$4 ,:at is desir$ is t a ,,ms4 %all be legible1 s t x c be read ) ! lea/ am\nt ( detrim5t to ! eyesight4 ,:]eas "s ( ! untyp$ "w t is s5t is a positive insult4 ,i h se5 t9y1 niggl+ writ+1 cross$ out & re-cross$ out1 till ev5 ! compositor 7:o is a p]fect g5ius = read+ ! utt]ly illegible7 c\ld sc>cely h made x out4 ,& 9 all probability1 su* a ,,ms4 w\ld be n ov]-clean1 & w\ld be roll$ to g ?r\gh ! po/4 ,sid5ote3 ,:y ,editors d n ,criticise ,if y are unable to make use ( my ,,ms41 ,i %all be glad if y w k9dly criticise x1 & tell me exactly :at y ?9k ( x4 ,?is reque/ is frequ5tly made by s5d]s ( ,,ms4 ,& :5 !y receive back _! "w )\t any comm5t !y w write & say1 ,at lea/ y might h s5t "o ^w by way ( criticism4 ,if y _h only writt5 'good' or 'bad1' ,i %\ld h "s idea :y y decl9$ x4 ,i sympa?ise he>tily ) ^? :o want advice2 ,i "k h[ v difficult x is to get any guidance or criticism t c be reli$ ^u to be dis9t]e/$4 ,nev]!less1 ,i wi% ! /ud5t c\ld see ! numb] ( qu]ies1 & ! am\nt ( "w1 & ! heap ( ,,mss4 t arrive at ! (fice ( any prosp]\s p]iodical2 he w\ld !n beg9 to realise h[ utt]ly impossible x w\ld be = ,,mss4 to be criticis$ 9 writ+4 ,x w\ld entail an extra /aff1 & an exp5sive /aff at t1 s9ce su* criticism is n "w1 l c>d index+1 t c be relegat$ to a junior cl]k4 ,inde$1 ! s5d] ( ! ,,ms4 w\ld probably be highly indignant if any "o b ! editor did ?is "w6 ,:5 ,i expla9 to beg9n]s t we h no "t to write criticisms on reject$ "w !y say1 ,b x w\ldn't take a m9ute to write d[n a few words1 see+ t ! ,,ms4 has already be5 read4 ,un=tunately1 x w\ld take a great _m m9utes4 ,9 any case x takes "s "t 7if only a little7 to sum up concisely ! m]its & defects ( any?+4 ,m ?an t1 exp]i5ce has prov$ aga9 & aga9 t "o little ^w ( criticism w lead to m lett]s f ! writ]4 ,& "o has n "t to read !m6 ,! *ildr5 ( our bra9 are v de> to u2 & s sure z any "o passes an adv]se criticism on !m1 our fea!rs /& on end1 & we prep>e to def5d our "o little *ick l ! mo/ devot$ h5 t ev] liv$4 ,nei!r is x wise1 ,i h f\nd1 to sugge/ a little alt]ation ) a promise ( publication atta*$4 ,two ye>s ago ,i wrote to "s "o :o _h only _h "o %ort /ory publi%$1 indicat+ a new end+ t w\ld h improv$ h] ,,ms4 imm5sely1 & made x possible = me to take x4 ,my temp]am5t requires t x %all end z ,i h writt5 x4 ,k9dly return my ,,ms4 if y _c use x1 repli$ ! lady l(tily4 ,i did s4 ,la/ week ! same ,,ms4 came back to me--mu* ag$ & ! worse = we>--) a note t ! au?or did n m9d if ,i alt]$ ! end+ z ,i _h sugge/$4 ,b two ye>s is two ye>s4 ,& 9 ! int]val1 :ile ! ,,ms4 0 travell+ r\nd to e o!r (fice1 ! subject-matt] _h got out ( date4 ,x is nev] politic to be t\*y if by *ance "s misguid$ editor does (f] a ^w ( criticism6 ,if y want y\r "w publi%$1 & !re is no loss ( pr9ciple involv$1 con=m to ! publi%]'s requirem5ts z gracefully z y c1 ev5 ?\gh1 9 y\r he>t ( he>ts1 y consid] him woefully lack+ 9 disc]nm5t4 ,& y c com=t y\rself1 mean:ile1 ) ! ?\ght t :5 y are safely ensconc$ ^u ,olympian heights1 y w ev5 ?+s up a little1 & get back all ( y\r own4 ,i "k "o proprietress ( sev]al reject$ ,,mss4 :o v[s t :5ev] %e gets !re1 %e w sit on ! topmo/ p9nacle1 & make all publi%]s & editors 7includ+ myself7 walk up to h] on _! knees1 dropp+ curtsies all ! way6 ,sid5ote3 ,a ,popul> ,delusion ,i 0 mak+ = my (fice "o day :5 a sportive-look+ girl /opp$ me on ! /airs4 ,j give ?is /ory to ! editor w y1 please8 %e began4 ,give x "r into h] h&s1 won't y2 don't let any und]l+ get hold ( x4 ,i agre$4 ,&--,i say--j tell h] f me t %e's to read x h]self1 e ^w ( x2 ,i won't be put (f ) "s assi/ant toss+ x aside half read4 ,i "k _! tricks4 ,"o v popul> delusion is t !re is a conspiracy among ! assi/ants 9 an (fice to keep ,,mss41 & especially good ,,mss41 f ! eye ( ! *ief6 ,p w resort to all sorts ( devices ) ! idea ( ensur+ ,,mss4 rea*+ ! editor's own h&s4 ,!y are m>k$ p]sonal1 & /rictly private1 or please =w>d1 if away2 & ,i _h "o endors$1 ,n to be op5$ by any "o b ! ,editor4 ,yet :at is ga9$ by all ?is1 save a def9ite am\nt ( delay8 ,9 any well-organis$ (fice1 "w has to foll[ a c]ta9 r\t9e2 ,,mss4 h to be ent]$ up by cl]ks z receiv$1 ! /amps s5t = return po/age h to be *eck$ & duly not$ by ! prop] dep>tm5t1 etc4 ,:y delay ! h&l+ ( ! ,,ms4 = a few weeks by hav+ x s address$ t x may foll[ ! editor to ! ,nor? ,pole1 & back1 be=e x is op5$1 if ! endorsem5ts 7 obey$8--:i* ( c\rse !y are n4 ,let a ,,ms4 take its prop] c\rse4 ,no "o 9 ! (fice desires to suppress g5ius2 on ! contr>y1 great inde$ is ! elation ( any memb] ( ! /aff :o discov]s some?+ wor? publi%+4 ,x is "o great object ( our bus9ess lives4 ,sid5ote3 ,a ,little ,tact & h[ mu* x is6 ,if y feel y mu/ call at an (fice 9 p]son1 rememb] t ! display ( a little tact is a desirable accompli%m5t4 ,:5 seek+ a po/ on 8 pap] d n />t by tell+ ! editor t 8 magaz9e is poor /uff1 & w soon be on ! rocks1--z ,i once he>d a lady tell ! editor ( "o ( ! mo/ fam\s mon?lies 9 exi/5ce4 ,:5 he inquir$ z to h] exp]i5ce1 x transpir$ t %e _h _h "o /ory--& "o only--pr9t$1 & x _h appe>$ 9 a *ild's magaz9e4 ,& x 0 ano!r tactful call] :o said1 on leav+1 aft] hav+ absorb$ five & tw5ty m9utes ( a busy assi/ant's "t3 ,well1 p]haps y'll expla9 ^! sugge/ions ( m9e to ! editor2 ?\gh x w\ld h be5 s mu* m satisfactory if ,i c\ld h talk$ to "s prop]ly qualifi$ individual4 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 a call] contributes some?+ to ! gaiety ( nations1 z 9 ! case ( ! lady :o came to inquire aft] ! welf>e ( a ,,ms4 %e _h left ) "s "o 9 our build+ only ! day be=e4 7,&1 incid5tally1 %e want$ to alt] a ^w 9 x1 z %e _h ?\ght ( "o %e lik$ bett]74 ,i 0 pass+ ?r\gh ! ,inquiry ,(fice z %e ent]$1 & %e /raightway expla9$ to me h] mission4 ,i w f9d out :o took x1 ,i said1 ,i d n ?9k y left x ) me4 ,oh no6 x wasn't y1 %e repli$ emphatically4 ,i left x ) q a nice-look+ p]son6 ,! ,responsibility ,! responsibility atta*$ to ! bus9ess ( writ+ is great] ?an 9 any o!r dep>tm5t ( "w4 ,! influ5ce ( ! pr9t$ page is s f> rea*+1 t no writ] c gauge to :at ext5t he may be fur!r+ good 7or h>m71 :5 he puts p5 to pap]4 ,y c calculate exactly an au?or's ca% value by 8 sales3 b ?is does n give an equally accurate e/imate ( 8 moral value4 ,:o w\ld dream ( measur+ ! influ5ce ( ,pun*1 = in/ance1 by ! figures ( its circulation8 ,no "o c say h[ _m p w h&le "o s+le copy1 or h[ _m p w f9d 9 t s+le copy brac+ laught] & heal?y hum\r4 ,! numb]s pr9t$ ea* week c only repres5t a fraction ( its actual read]s4 ,& ! same applies to a good _m books3 !y pass f "o to ano!r1 are borr[$ f libr>ies1 borr[$ f fri5ds 7(t5 )\t be+ return$1 alas671 & by v>i$ r\tes !y p5etrate to out-(-!-way corn]s ( ! _w :]e ! au?ors w\ld lea/ expect to be able to rea* ! inhabitants4 ,! mo/ fam\s prea*] liv+ has n ! possibilities ( p[] t lie 9 ! h&s ( a popul> writ]2 & ! gravity ( ?is responsibility _c be ov]-e/imat$4 ,:ile ?is does n mean t we mu/ take ourselves too s]i\sly1 x does mean t we mu/ take our "w s]i\sly1 & recognise t x /&s = some?+ m ?an money-mak+1 ev5 ?\gh money-mak+ is n to be despis$4 ,to ! beg9n] ?is may seem a weighty subject & r outside 8 orbit4 ,b 9 reality ?is po9t ne$s to be tak5 into consid]ation f ! v e>lie/ ( our lit]>y exp]im5ts4 ,we mu/ induce a c]ta9 attitude ( m9d1 & keep def9ite ideals be=e u1 if our "w is to %ape 9 any p>ticul> direction4 ,& ! probability is t y w h to *oose betwe5 good & ill :5 select+ ! !me = y\r fir/ /ory4 ,y w naturally look ar\nd & /udy ! type ( fiction t seems to be sell+ well1 & p]haps y may light on some?+ peculi>ly noxi\s1 s9ce !re is an assortm5t ( su* books be+ publi%$ n[adays4 ,! book 9 "q may h be5 designat$ /rong 7! ^w review]s (t5 fall back ^u1 :5 !y _c f9d any adjective suffici5tly tru?ful )\t be+ libell\s1 to convey an idea ( a book's malodor\s qualities672 or y may h he>d ! book laud$ by p :o make a boa/ ( be+ mod]n1 up-to-date1 or advanc$4 ,& z we none ( u aim at be+ weak1 or old-fa%ion$1 or beh9d ! times1 x is n surpris+ if ! beg9n] feels t he1 too1 _h bett] try 8 h& at some?+ /rong1 if he is to get a reputation = ultra-mod]nity4 ,q a numb] ( novices *oose unpleasant topics because1 & only because1 !y fancy su* !mes %[ advanc$1 untrammell$ ?\ght1 & a k ( ! _w4 ,!y =get t ( f> great] importance ?an ! ext5t ( ! writ]'s ability to defy ! conv5tions1 is ! moral effect ( a book on ^? :o read x4 ,sid5ote3 ,wid] ,views are ,ne$$ :5 ,*>act]is+ ,lit]ature ,i use ! ^w moral 9 its wide/ s5se4 ,x is un=tunate t we h got into ! habit ( pigeon-hol+ lit]ature--& especially fiction--9 v n>r[ comp>tm5ts4 ,:5 we speak ( a book z good1 or helpful1 or uplift+1 we usually mean t x conta9s specific religi\s tea*+ 9 "o =m or ano!r4 ,yet a book may be v good & helpful & uplift+ )\t a s+le s]monic s5t5ce1 or any?+ approa*+ !reunto4 ,9 ! same way1 :5 we say t a novel is undesirable or immoral1 we g5]ally mean t x deals ) "o p>ticul> =m ( evil3 yet !re are books hav+ little or no?+ to d ) promiscu\s sex relation%ips t are p]nici\s & unheal?y 9 ! extreme1 & possibly all ! m dang]\s because _! immorality is n ( ! k9d t is def9itely ticket$ = all to see1 & bew>e (1 if ne$ be4 ,ev]y?+ t5d+ to l[] ! tone ( ! s\l is immoral2 ev]y?+ t debases human ta/e is unheal?y2 ev]y?+ t gloats on unpleasantness1 = ! m]e pleasure ( gloat+1 is z deva/at+ z poison gas2 ev]y?+ t prea*es a doctr9e ( hopelessness1 t spreads ! black miasma ( spiritual d\bt ov] ! m9d is bad--fi5di%ly bad4 ,b d n misund]/& me3 ,i w\ld n seem to imply t only fair ?+s %\ld be *ronicl$4 ,!re are c]ta9 facts ( life t mu/ be fac$3 s9 _c be ignor$--b x mu/ be recognis$ z s91 n be t\*$ up ) t9sel1 & plac$ 9 ! limelight1 to look z attractive z possible4 ,pov]ty1 grime1 sickness1 gloom _c be bani%$ f e horizon2 b !y ne$ n be dwelt ^u exclusively )\t any alleviation1 to ! %utt+ out ( all else4 ,! wave ( s-call$ realism t has swept ov] fiction ( rec5t ye>s has be5 a v injuri\s elem5t 9 mod]n lit]ature4 ,x is bad f an arti/ic po9t ( view1 s9ce x is "o-sid$1 unbalanc$1 & n true to life itself1 :i* inv>iably provides t comp5sations g h& 9 h& ) drawbacks4 ,"s p speak ( realism z ?\gh ! only realities 7 sordidness & crime2 :]eas ! e>? teems ) lovely realities--beauty ( _s1 beauty ( "*1 beauty ( ?\ght1 no less ?an beauty ( =m & col\r4 ,! slum at fir/ glance does n look a pre-possess+ subject2 yet read ,angel ,c\rt3 ! writ] :o is a real arti/ c f9d gold ev5 "h6 ,,angel-,,c\rt ,by ,,au/9 ,,dobson ,9 ,angel-,c\rt ! sunless air ,gr[s fa9t & sick2 to left & "r ,! c[]+ h\ses %r9k f sight ,huddl$ & hopeless1 eyeless1 b>e4 ,misnam$1 y say8 = surely r>e ,mu/ be ! angel-%apes t light ,9 ,angel-,c\rt6 ,nay6 ! ,et]nities are !re4 ,dea? at ! doorway /&s to smite2 ,life 9 its g>rets leaps to light2 ,& ,love has climb$ t crumbl+ /air ,9 ,angel-,c\rt4 ,f ,london ,lyrics1 by p]mission4 ,^? :o acclaim$ ^! rec5t books ( s-call$ realism z works ( exceptional g5ius1 did n see t1 f> f be+ any su* ?+1 !y 71 9 mo/ cases1 prelim9>y manife/ations ( a hide\s malady1 :i* has s9ce culm9at$ 9 all we und]/& by ! ^w ,bol%evism4 ,to dilate on ugl9ess1 co>s5ess1 h>%ness1 )\t %[+ ! c\nt]act+ =ces at "w1 & to dabble cont9u\sly 9 dirt )\t %[+ ! way to cleanl9ess1 is n art1 no matt] h[ accurately e detail may be portray$3 x is m]ely sy/ematis$ bruti%ness4 ,ev5 !mes ) a rightful motive may be exce$+ly h>mful "u "s circum/ances4 ,/udies ( dipsomaniacs1 drug-victims1 & ! l1 may be necess>y z matt]s ( psy*ological or m$ical rese>*1 j z /udies ( any o!r diseases are necess>y2 b !y %\ld be issu$ z su*1 & n put =w>d 9 ! guise ( fiction int5d$ = all & sundry among ! g5]al public4 ,i h enl>g$ on ?is matt]1 because !re has be5 a great t5d5cy on ! "p ( amateurs lately to revel 9 descriptions ( crudity & repulsiv5ess1 ) nev] a ?\ght z to ! effect ( su* lit]ature on ! read]4 ,at no "t is x desirable to circulate indiscrim9ately1 mu* less z fiction1 read+ matt] t c only induce morbidity1 neuroticism1 depravity1 d\bt1 or depression4 ,b 9 an age l ! pres5t1 :5 mo/ ( ! civilis$ _w is b[$ b5ea? an ov]:elm+ weight ( sorr[1 %att]$ n]ves & physical weakness1 x is positively crim9al to manufacture pessimism1 gloom & horrors1 & scatt] ?is type ( lit]ature broadca/ )\t any s5se ( ! appall+ responsibility atta*+ !reunto4 ,sid5ote3 ,qualities :i* _c be ,disp5s$ ,) ,!re are ?ree qualities :i* all au?ors %\ld aim to incorporate 9 _! writ+s if !y are to be a bless+ r ?an a curse to humanity3 ^! are cleanness1 heal?9ess & righte\sness4 ,!y may be introduc$ 9 _m & v>i\s =ms2 & are (t5 to be f\nd 9 :olesome laught]1 spontane\s gaiety1 good *e]1 brea?less adv5ture1 revelations ( beauty1 z well z 9 direct appeals to ! high] nature4 ,any?+ t w ar\se sane emotions1 & div]t ! m9d f self1 is to be welcom$ z a b5efaction 9 ?is _w ( _m sorr[s4 ,! late ,*>les ,heb] ,cl>ke--bett] kn[n to ! public z ,max ,adel]--enjoy$ great popul>ity at "o "t z a humori/4 ,he 0 a man ( /rong religi\s convictions2 & !re came a day :5 he ceas$ to write 8 humor\s pleasantries1 seem+ incl9$ to reg>d !m z s mu* wa/$ opportunity4 ,on "o occasion h[ev]1 a cl]gyman :om he met :ile travell+1 on discov]+ 8 id5tity1 grasp$ 8 h& & said1 ,y h made me laugh :5 !re seem$ no?+ left to laugh ab\t2 y h help$ me to get ov] "s ( my d>ke/ days4 ,i owe y m ?an ,i owe any o!r man 9 ! _w4 ,& :5 he _h f9i%$ p\r+ out 8 gratitude1 said ,max ,adel]1 7:o told me ?is himself71 ,i began to wond] :e!r1 aft] all1 "o might n be do+ z mu* good 9 ! _w by mak+ p smile & =get _! tr\bles1 z by prea*+ at !m4 ,to help humanity ,god-w>d is ! greate/ privilege we c aspire to2 b ?is c be done by o!r means besides ! writ+ ( hymns & comm5t>ies4 ,ev]y?+ t t5ds to lift humanity f ! l[-l&s ( sorr[ or sordidness or suff]+1 & to po9t !m to ! great ,hope2 ev]y?+ t w aid !m to live up to ! be/ t is 9 !m1 & to /rive to recapture "s long-lo/ ,vision ( ! ,highe/1 w be help+ 9 ! great "w ( human reg5]ation t 0 set on foot by ! ,"o :o came to give beauty = a%es4 ,:ile only a few are entru/$ ) ! message ( ! prophet or ! se]1 we all c specialise on :atsoev] ?+s are lovely & pure & ( good report2 & we %all be ( "s use--if only 9 a quiet way--to our day & g5]ation if we c help o!rs also to ?9k on ^! ?+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,goodness does n excuse ,dulness ,b "o po9t mu/ n be ov]look$--& 9 say+ ?is ,i am summ+ up mo/ t has gone be=e3 ,if a book is to succe$1 x mu/ be well writt54 ,because a c]ta9 numb] ( highly unpleasant books h succe$$1 & a c]ta9 numb] ( highly moral books h fail$1 beg9n]s sometimes consid] ?is z an indication ( public pref]5ce4 ,:at !y =get1 or d n "k1 is ?is3 ,! na/y book succe$$1 9 spite ( its na/9ess1 because x 0 well & brightly writt52 :ile ! moral book fail$1 9 spite ( its goodness1 because x 0 badly writt5 & sup]latively dull4 ,if ! moral book t fail$ _h be5 z well writt5 z ! na/y book t succe$$1 x w\ld n only h done z well z ! na/y book1 x w\ld h done a great deal bett]4 ,all b a small deg5]ate section ( ! public pref] :olesome to vici\s lit]ature--b nobody wants a dull book6 ,& ! amateur writ] ( good books (t5 ov]looks ?is latt] fact4 ,!re=e1 be> 9 m9d t x is n suffici5t t y make a book clean & heal?y & good2 y mu/ endeav\r to make cleanness z attractive z x really is1 & heal?9ess z desirable z x really is1 & ,god-orda9$ ,righte\sness ! mo/ satisfy+ ( all ! ?+s wor? seek+4 ,:5 y c d ?is1 y w f9d a fair-siz$ public wait+1 & anxi\s1 to buy y\r books4 ,y w n "k :at good y may be do+--x is nev] desirable = any ( u to he> mu* on ?is score1 humanity is s sadly liable to swell$ head6 ,b occasionally "s "o 9 ! big outside _w may s5d y a s9c]e ,?ank y4 ,:5 ?is comes y w sudd5ly realise1 ?\gh y _c expla9 :y1 t !re are "s ?+s ev5 m wor? :ile ?an ! publi%]'s *eque4 ,,index ,a ,abbreviations to be avoid$ 9 v]se1 #bdg ,ab/ract qualities to be gaug$1 #be ,alex&]1 ,mrs41 ,burial ( ,moses1 #ge ,all51 ,james ,lane1 & local col\r1 #agf ,all+ham1 ,wm41 poem by1 #agj ,allusions1 hackney$1 #aee ,amateurs1 :at !y ne$ to cultivate & avoid1 #dg ,amateurs1 two classes (1 #aci ,amateurs copy+ unaw>es1 #bjc ,amateurs & m>riage (f]s 9 /ories1 #bji ,amateurs' lack ( fir/-h& k1 #aih ,ambiguity1 avoid1 #aeg ,am]ican writ]s & local col\r1 #agd1 #age ,anci5t facts undesirable except 9 text-book1 #adi ,angel ,c\rt1 ,au/9 ,dobson1 #bij ,an?ologies1 v]se1 #ge1 #gf ,antiquat$ expressions1 #eb ,arnold1 ,mat!w1 #ge ,article1 settle object 9 writ+ x1 #adg ,articles t are n want$1 #aea2 big subjects to be avoid$1 #aee2 ,h[ to ----1 editors ov]done )1 #aed2 :i* fail1 #ach2 useful divisions1 #acf2 rul$ by =m1 #acf2 on subjects already dealt )1 #aec2 /udy type (1 9 magaz9e y are writ+ =1 #aeb2 mu/ be s5t to editors 9 "t1 #aej2 mu/ be topical1 #aej2 />t+ 9 ! middle1 #adg ,arti/ & detail1 #ajj ,arti/'s fragm5ts1 an1 #afg ,arti/ic atmosph]e1 #agh ,arti/ic tra9+ & lit]>y fir/ attempts1 #d1 #ih-ajj ,atmosph]e1 heal?y & o!rwise1 #aha2 z a "t sav]1 #ahj ,atmosph]ic purpose ( /ory writ]1 #hi ,audi5ce1 settle on y\r1 #abf ,au/5's1 ,jane1 old-_w atmosph]e1 #ahd ,au?or's aim to help read]s ,god-w>d1 #bic ,au?ors mu/ h some?+ 9 _! heads to write d[n1 #aa ,au?or%ip comp>$ ) dressmak+1 #e1 #g ,b ,baby prattle 9 amateur v]se1 #bci ,b>clay1 ,mrs41 ,:ite ,ladies ( ,worce/]1 #da2 ,! ,ros>y1 #baj ,b>rie1 ,sir ,j41 & dialect1 #aie ,b>rie1 ,sir ,j41 %ort /ories1 #ia2 ,w9d[ 9 ,?rums1 #bbd ,beautiful ?\ghts d n gu>antee beautiful writ+1 #ih ,beg9 9 ! middle1 #adg ,be natural1 #dh1 #ajf ,b5son1 ,dr4 ,a4 ,c41 #fe ,big subjects to be avoid$1 #aed ,birrell1 ,augu/9e1 #fe ,blackmore & local col\r1 #agd ,blue p5cil to be us$ by writ] r ?an editor1 #beb ,body1 ne$$ 9 writ+1 #abc ,bol%evism 9 lit]ature1 #bia ,booksell]s z read]s1 #aah ,books t %riek1 #ch ,books :i* survive4 ,:y8 #bi ,boo?by1 ,guy1 & pro( corrections1 #bbc ,b\doir /ories1 #bjf ,bra9 misuse1 nature's rev5ge =1 #cf ,briti% ,weekly1 = /yle1 #ef ,broad ,highway1 ,!1 atmosph]e (1 #ahd ,br[n+1 ,mrs4 & ,*ri/9a ,rossetti1 #gf ,br[n+1 ,mrs41 ,sonnets f ! ,portuguese1 #bdd ,br[n+'s ,p>acelsus1 #ga2 r\gh-hewn me?od1 #gj ,bryant & ,longfell[1 #gf1 #gg ,bullock1 ,%an ,f41 & local col\r1 #agd ,by-gone models ( amateurs1 #bji ,c ,cable1 ,george1 #agf ,cabm51 article on1 #aac ,call]s on editors1 #bgd ,canton1 ,william1 #db ,c>icature is n *>act]isation1 #adb ,c>lyle's r\gh-hewn me?od1 #gj ,catalogu+ in/ead ( art1 #adj ,causes ( actions to be /udi$1 #bg ,c5tral idea1 necess>y to /ory1 #gi ,"* del9eation ne$$ 9 love-/ories1 #bae ,*>act]isation is n c>icature1 #adb ,*>act]s 9 /ory1 values (1 #hd2 %\ld n be multipli$ unduly1 #bbj2 %\ld expla9 !mselves1 #baf1 #bai2 to be introduc$ e>ly1 #bai ,*att]ton1 #bfi ,*eap books1 ! flood (1 #ch ,*e/]ton1 ,g4 ,k41 p>adoxes (1 #afe ,*ildr51 mi/akes ( writ]s =1 #abg ,*imney-pot1 evolution ( !1 #dc ,*imney-pots1 ,rusk9's *apt] on1 #dd ,*oate1 ,joseph ,h41 on ,dick5s1 #bca ,*oose topic f y\r own environm5t1 #bjj ,cl>ity1 aim =1 #afa ,classics1 our purpose on read+ !m1 #aaa1 #aab ,cl>ke1 ,*>les ,heb]1 #bic ,cleanness %\ld be made attractive1 #bie ,clev]ness mu/ n be obtrusive1 #aji ,climax1 d n anticipate1 #bbh ,climax 9 article1 #adg ,climax1 nev] lose sight (1 #hi ,col]idge's ,kubla ,khan1 #ge1 #agj ,colloquialisms1 avoid1 #aie ,cond5sation1 ne$ (1 #ajf ,cond5sation nev] spoils beg9n]'s "w1 #beg ,contra/s1 incid5ts ins]t$ 9 /ories z1 #hf ,copy1 univ]sal t5d5cy to1 #bjb ,copy+ unrecognis$ by amateurs1 #bjc ,c\ntry ( ! 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public want x8 ,! publi%]'s "q1 #bfg ,dog1 ! real1 #ai ,doll h]o9es1 #bf ,dombey & ,son 9 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 #bca ,dream ,days1 ,k5ne? ,graham1 #bbd ,dreams ( y\? valuable1 #bce ,dressmak+ & au?or%ip1 #e1 #g ,dull book n want$ by anyone1 #bie ,dulness n necess>y to goodness1 #bid ,e ,e>le1 ,mabel1 ,valley ,song1 #bdh ,ecc5tricity w n secure p]man5t int]e/1 #abb ,editorial r\t9e1 #bhc ,editors d n pur*ase ,,ms4 because fir/ attempt1 #bfc2 h no "t to criticise & advise1 #bhj2 only buy :at pays to publi%1 #bfd2 take "t to read ,,mss41 #bgf2 unmov$ by irrelevant appeals1 #bfa ,emotionalism1 #ahd ,emotions ( au?or n always int]e/+1 #bbj ,end+1 a happy "o be/1 #bbf ,ent]ta9+1 e book %\ld be1 #abh ,environm5t & circum/ances to be /udi$1 #ai ,environm5t1 y\r own1 z y\r subject1 #bjj ,e g5]ation all[s special *>act]i/ics ( spee*1 #di ,exclusive in=mation necess>y1 #de ,extracts1 lavi% use undesirable1 #afa ,expressions1 antiquat$1 #eb ,f ,facts1 anci5t1 to be omitt$1 #aej ,facts ne$$1 #ba ,fame ov]look+ defects1 #abd ,f>nol1 ,jeffrey1 & old-_w atmosph]e1 #ahd ,fe$+ ! bra9 ) snippets1 #cg ,fiction1 monoton\s "* ( ,,mss41 #hj ,fiction1 /rong1 #bhg ,field1 ,eug5e1 ,limitations ( ,y\?1 #bdi ,fiona ,macleod1 #aga ,fir/ attempts r>ely acceptable1 #ajb ,fir/ attempts 9 lit]ature comp>$ ) art & music1 #d ,fir/-h& k1 ne$ (1 #aih ,fir/-p]son limitations1 #ahh ,=e/ ( ,wild ,?yme1 ,alfr$ ,noyes1 #bej ,=m z appli$ to articles1 #acf ,=mless fragm5ts1 #afg ,fragm5ts1 #aff ,framework ( /ory1 #hb ,freak writ+s _c be =eca/$1 #bfh ,g ,g>d5 ( ,v]ses1 a ,*ild's1 ,r4 ,l4 ,/ev5son1 #bej ,g5ius1 mi/ak5 ideas (1 #d ,g5ius sc>ce1 #ac ,gloom manufacture is wrong1 #bbg ,gl[-worms z a hat-trimm+1 #aec ,god-w>d help 9 lit]ature1 #bic ,gold5 ,age1 ,k5ne? ,graham1 #bbd ,goodness does n excuse dulness1 #bie ,gosse1 ,dr4 ,edmund1 #fe ,graham1 ,k5ne?1 ,gold5 ,age & ,dream ,days1 #bbd ,gr&mo!rs 9 amateur fiction1 #baj ,gray's ,elegy1 #fg ,gre51 ,dr4 ,s4 ,g41 & ,pickwick ,pap]s1 #bcb ,grip ne$$ = sell+1 #aag ,grit necess>y 9 a novel1 #abb ,h ,hackney$ phrases1 #aee ,heal?9ess1 au?ors %\ld aim at1 #bib ,heal?9ess %\ld be made desirable1 #bie ,he>n1 ,lafcadio1 & local col\r1 #agd ,h]o9e1 ! 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amateur1 #eg ,k ,k]nahan1 ,c\lson1 #fe ,keynote ( /ory1 #gi ,kipl+1 ,rudy>d1 & local col\r1 #agd2 %ort /ories1 #ia2 ,! ,recessional1 #ge ,kipl+'s ,cat t walk$ by itself1 #adb2 v>i$ /yles1 #ajd ,"k y\r *>act]s1 #bi ,kubla ,khan1 #ge1 #agj ,l ,lady ( ! ,decoration1 #aid ,lady ( ! ,lake1 #agc ,l&scape pa9t+1 #agh ,language1 pleas+1 #ga ,le>n+ mu/ n be obtrusive1 #ajh ,leave (f :5 f9i%$1 #adg ,l5g? ( /ory mu/ be consid]$1 #acd ,lett]s1 /ory 9 ! =m (1 #aic ,life ev] (f]+ new discov]ies1 #bi ,lit]>y /ud5t at disadvantage comp>$ ) /ud5ts ( ari?metic1 #f ,lit]ature1 an elusive bus9ess1 #g2 good1 :at con/itutes x1 #g2 intangible1 #h ,little1 ,frances1 ,lady ( ! ,decoration1 #aid ,little ,wom51 #bja ,local col\r & ,am]ican au?ors1 #agd ,local col\r subord9ate to p]sonality1 #bh ,locality %\ld be kn[n to /ory writ]1 #bbj ,longfell[1 ,bryant & ,sw9burne1 #gf1 #gg ,lov]s' outp\r+s 9 amateur v]se1 #bci ,love-/ory difficult = amateur1 #baa1 #bbd ,love-/ory1 ne$ = "* del9eation1 #bae ,love-/ories outlets = girls' emotions1 #bba ,m ,magaz9e is a bus9ess proposition1 #bfd ,ma9 !me %\ld make univ]sal appeal1 #bg ,major1 ,*>les1 #ahd ,mann]isms n tol]at$1 #afd ,m>k ,twa9 & prea*]1 #bea ,m>riage (f]s 9 amateur /ories1 #bjg ,max ,add]'s hum\r helpful1 #bic ,m5 & wom5 z !y really are1 #bi ,m5tal atmosph]e1 convey+ our own1 #ahg ,m5tal food ne$$1 #ab ,m5tal indige/ion1 #cg ,metrical composition1 laws to be /udi$1 #bce ,meynell1 ,alice1 ,song1 #bch ,m9or details 9 /ories1 two purposes (1 #hf ,mit=d1 ,miss1 ,our ,village1 #ahe ,mod]n ,engli% seldom us$ by amateur1 #dh ,mod]n /yle ga9$ by read+ mod]n /uff1 #ed ,mod]nity ( /yle desirable1 #ej ,money-mak+ %\ld n alone be object 9 writ+1 #adh ,monotony fatal to success1 #abj ,moral books %\ld be z well-writt5 z na/y ones1 #bie ,morley1 ,visc\nt1 & prize poem1 #gc ,motif important1 #ha ,motives t prompt actions1 #bf1 #bg ,,mss41 proportion ( accept$1 #c ,,mss4 reject$1 reasons :y1 #aj1 #adh1 #aig ,,mss4 %\ld be typ$1 #bgh ,music & art comp>$ ) lit]ature1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #acb ,n ,nature diss]tations 9 amateur v]se1 #bci ,nature & m9d1 effects ( nutrim5t1 #aa ,nature's rev5ge = misuse ( bra91 #cf ,negatives1 d\ble1 #aei ,new reliable matt] w f9d acceptance1 #df ,newspap] lead+ articles = /yle1 #ed ,notes ( obs]vations1 #ag1 #bj1 #ba ,novel1 grit necess>y =1 #abb ,novel1 ?ree-volume1 #acb ,novel1 w$d+ ne$ n be *ief aim (1 #hj ,novelty desirable1 #abj ,novice mu/ tra9 himself1 #f ,noyes1 ,alfr$1 #ge1 #bej ,o ,object1 be sure ( y\r1 #abg ,obs]vation saves f pitfalls1 #bb ,obs]vation to beg9 j :]e y are n[1 #cb ,obvi\s n ! :ole ( ! /ory1 !1 #bf ,old-fa%ion$ /yle n want$ to-day1 #eb ,old-_w atmosph]e1 #ahc ,om> ,khayyam1 pessimi/ic atmosph]e (1 #ahd ,"o-sid$ view ( life due to isolation1 #ca ,o!r p's bra9-"w n acceptable1 #df ,orig9ality necess>y1 #df ,orig9ality n peculi>ity1 #afd ,orig9al "w is r>e1 #bjb ,our ,admirable ,betty1 atmosph]e (1 #ahd ,our ,village1 ,miss ,mit=d1 #ahe ,out-doory atmosph]e1 #ahe ,p ,padd+ /ories1 #he ,pa9t+1 ?ree-"p basis (1 #acb ,peculi>ity n orig9ality1 #afd ,peculi>ity w n secure p]man5t int]e/1 #abb ,p$antic /yle1 avoid1 #afa ,p1 /udy (1 ne$$1 #cj ,p]sonal m>k+ does n c>ry to editor1 #bhc ,p]sonal outlook ( read]s1 #aai ,pessimism manufacture is crim9al1 #bib ,pessimi/ic atmosph]e1 #ahd ,pett ,ridge & local col\r1 #agc ,phil ,may's me?ods1 #bee ,pickwick ,pap]s & s*ool holiday1 #bcb ,picture palaces v]sus read+1 #ci ,pigeons 9 w>1 amateur article on1 #adf1 #adi ,plato1 :y we read1 #aaa1 #aab ,plausible imp1 !1 #beg ,plots1 mak+1 #ajh ,plots1 well-worn1 #bjd ,poems = comp>ison1 #gf ,poems %\ld h "s def9ite ?\ght1 #bcf ,poetic idea 9 e poem1 #bcg ,poetry an?ologies1 #ge1 #gf ,poetry leads to good prose1 #gb ,poetry1 read+ al\d1 #gd ,poetry1 ! s-call$ new1 #bdd ,po9t1 necess>y to a /ory1 #bad ,poli%1 #bbb ,prelim9>y /udies = p]fect "w1 #aja ,press dates are long be=e publication1 #aej ,proposals 9 fiction & real life1 #bab ,psy*ological be>+s to be not$1 #bd ,publi%] bett] judge ?an au?or1 #bfg2 n a philan?ropic ag5t1 #bfe ,publi%]'s requirem5ts mu/ be con=m$ to1 #bhb ,publi%]s specialise 9 fix$ directions1 #bfi ,pull toge!r y\r ,,ms41 #bee ,pun* & a curta91 #bcc ,pun*1 influ5ce (1 #bhf ,purpose1 all writ+ %\ld h a1 #abh ,q ,quill]-,c\*1 ,sir ,a41 #fe ,quotation m>ks1 #afa ,r ,read]'s *oice1 r ?an y\rs1 = ! read]1 #aea1 #aeb ,read+1 al\d1 #ee1 #gd2 helps y to judge ! wor? ( in=mation1 #dc2 loss ( ! p[] (1 #ci2 & nibbl+1 #dj2 necess>y = hi/orical /ories1 #da ,read only :at y c read ?or\ghly1 #dj ,realism 9 fiction1 #bij ,reliability ess5tial1 #df ,return ( ,,mss41 #bgg ,review]s1 #aah ,rhapsodies d n con/itute poetry1 #bcf ,ri* sonority1 #ed ,righte\sness1 au?ors %\ld aim at1 #bic ,rives1 ,amelie1 & local col\r1 #agf ,ros>y1 ,!1 h]o9e (1 #baj ,rossetti1 ,*ri/9a1 #ge2 & ,mrs4 ,br[n+1 & ,t5nyson1 #gf1 #gg ,r\gh-hewn me?od1 #gj ,r\t9e 9 editors' (fices1 #bhc ,rubaiyat1 pessimi/ic atmosph]e ( !1 #ahd ,rules1 e/abli%$1 save our wa/+ "t1 #acj ,rusk9's ,*apt] on ,*imney-,pots1 #dd2 defects ov]look$1 #abd2 ,poetry ( ,ar*itecture1 ,que5 ( ! ,air1 ,pret]ita1 #fe2 ,sesame & ,lilies1 #fe1 #ahc2 tang5ts1 #acg ,s ,s*ools = lit]ature ne$$1 #e ,scott's ,lady ( ! ,lake1 #agc ,second>y matt] 9 /ory1 #he ,see+ y\rself 9 pr9t %\ld n be alone ! object 9 writ+1 #adh ,selection1 in/9ct =1 #aci1 #adf ,self-expression1 crav+ =1 #i ,sell+1 ! ess5tial ( book production1 #aai ,s5sational1 ! dem& =1 #ch ,s5t5ces %\ld be %ort1 #bba ,s]ial publication necessitates curta9s1 #bca ,sesame & ,lilies1 #ahc ,settle y\r *ronological />t+ po9t1 #ade ,%akespe>e language n necess>y to amateur1 #ej ,%akespe>e & spiritual values1 #bh1 #bi2 :y we read1 #aaa1 #aab ,%>p1 ,wm41 #aga ,%aw1 ,b]n>d1 cynical sc9tillations (1 #afe ,%elley's ,cl\d1 #ge ,%ort s5t5ces an advantage1 #bba ,%ort /ories ne$ same rules z long ones1 #ij ,%riek+ books1 #ch ,skimm+1 dang] (1 #cf ,slang indicates ignorance1 #fb ,slang1 monotony (1 #fa ,slangy /yle1 avoid1 #afa ,smile1 mak+ p1 #bic ,snippets ( read+1 #cg ,sonnets f ! ,portuguese1 ,mrs4 ,br[n+1 #bdd ,s\nd1 ref9$ & o!rwise1 #fi ,spectator articles = /yle1 #ee ,spe$+ up our s5t5ces1 #di ,spiritual values to be not$1 #bd ,spiritual values & ,%akespe>e1 #bh1 #bi ,/ale mat]ial1 #de ,/>t :]e y are1 #bbd ,/>t+-po9t1 *ronological1 to be settl$1 #ade ,/eel1 ,mrs4 ,f4 ,a41 #ia1 #agd ,/ev5son1 ,r4 ,l41 ,essays1 #fd2 ,g>d5 ( ,v]ses1 #bej ,/ory1 atmosph]ic purpose ( au?or1 #hi2 balance (1 #ace2 assess+ values ( *>act]s1 #he2 climax nev] to be lo/ sight (1 #hi2 contra/s1 examples (1 #hg2 cut out irrelevant p>ticul>s1 #acf2 dovetail+ incid5ts1 #hi2 framework (1 #hb2 get well "u way e>ly 91 #acd2 hi/orical read+ necess>y =1 #da2 keynote (1 #gi2 l5g? (1 #acd2 ! m9or details1 #hf2 ! ?ree-"p basis1 #acb2 incid5ts1 select ^? t matt]1 #adb2 9 =m ( di>y1 #aib2 9 =m ( lett]s1 #aic2 ov]-cr[d+ ) detail1 #ib2 slap da% me?od ( writ+1 #ib2 told 9 cle> mann] mo/ popul>1 #aif2 writt5 9 fir/ p]son1 limitations (1 #ahh2 writt5 9 ?ird p]son usually be/1 #ahh2 second>y matt] 91 #he ,/ories by ma/]s1 no?+ m]ely a fill-up1 #hf ,/ories1 %ort1 ne$ same rules z long ones1 #ij ,/rauss' s\nd mon/rosities1 #fh ,/rong fiction1 #bhg ,/yle1 avoid indef9ite1 #aef ,/yle ( writ+ %\ld v>y1 #ajd ,subjects mu/ be ( int]e/ to read]s1 #aai2 n repeat$ by editors1 #aec2 unable to be /udi$ %\ld be avoid$1 #ai ,successful books mu/ be well-writt51 #bid ,sw9burne & ,longfell[1 #gf ,sympa?y ne$$ to write conv9c+ly1 #bi1 #cj ,t ,tact necess>y to contributors1 #bhd ,taylor1 ,ann & ,jane1 #abd ,t5nyson & ,*ri/9a ,rossetti1 #gg ,t5nyson's ,break1 break1 break1 #aga2 ,fl[] 9 a ,cranni$ ,wall1 #aga ,t5nyson's poems = read+ al\d1 #gd ,?9k+1 =mless1 #aga ,?ird-p]son n>rative usually be/1 #ahh ,?\ght transf]5ce1 #ei ,?\ght1 bew>e ( lab\r+ a1 #afj ,?\ghts1 difficulty ( writ+ !m d[n1 #ih ,?ree-"p basis ( /ory1 #acb ,timo?y's ,que/1 #bbd ,topicality1 keep an eye on1 #aej ,tra9+ = au?or%ip imp]ative1 #e ,tra9+ y\rself1 #adj ,travell]s1 publi%]s'1 z read]s1 #aah ,typ$ ,,mss4 mo/ likely to be read1 #bgh ,u ,ugl9ess is n art1 #bia ,uncle ,tom's ,cab91 c5tral idea (1 #gi ,unpleasant topics1 #bhh ,unse5 t c\nts1 !1 #bd ,us+ two words :]e "o w suffice1 #ej ,v ,valley ,song1 by ,mabel ,e>le1 #bdh ,v]se1 abbreviations to be avoid$ 91 #bdg ,v]se1 amateur1 #bci ,v]se an?ologies1 #ge1 #gf ,v]se-mak+1 laws (1 to be /udi$1 #bce ,v]se mu/ voice _w-wide ne$1 #bdc ,v]se1 wor? read+1 amateur1 #bci ,v]se-writ+ a useful ex]cise1 #bcd2 leads to good prose1 #gb ,vocabul>y ( av]age p]son1 #fj ,w ,wax-,figure *>act]s1 #bf ,w$d+ ne$ n be *ief aim ( novel1 #hj ,well-worn plots1 #bjd ,:5 ,knigh?ood 0 9 ,fl[]1 atmosph]e (1 #ahd ,:olesome lit]ature pref]r$ by public1 #bie ,:y1 e1 ha? a :]e=e1 #afj ,:y "s books survive1 #bh1 #bi ,wigg91 ,kate ,d\glas1 #bbd ,wilk9s1 ,m>y ,e41 & local col\r1 #age1 #agf ,wilson1 ,presid5t1 #aga-^w s5t5ce1 #bba ,w9d[ 9 ,?rums1 ,a1 #bbd ,wi/]1 ,ow51 & local col\r1 #agf ,woman's ,magaz9e (f]$ unsuitable subjects1 #aec ,woman's ,magaz9e at press "s weeks be=e publication1 #aej ,wood5-horse h]oes1 #bf ,^w1 value ( a1 #ff ,^w-picture1 fragm5t>y1 #afi ,^w-picture /udy1 #ajd ,^w-pictures1 ne$ to select incid5ts =1 #ada ,words1 greate/ writ]s _h no m ?an we1 #bea ,words1 subject %\ld regulate *oice1 #aeh ,words1 use simple1 #fg ,words1 us+ two :5 "o w suffice1 #ej ,write z y actually speak1 #dh ,writ+ difficult to r$uce to set ( rules1 #h ,writ+ is h>d "w1 #bjd ,writ]'s influ5ce great] ?an prea*]'s1 #bhg ,writ+ a s]i\s responsibility1 #bhg ,writ+ t la/s1 #be 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,obvi\s mispr9ts & punctuation errors h be5 correct$ sil5tly4