file :i* includes ! orig9al             
illu/rations4       ,see #cfhae-;h4htm  
or #cfhae-;h4zip3                       
7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/
#cfhae_/pg#cfhae-;images4html7       or 
7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#cfha
e_/cfhae-;h4zip7         ,images ( !    
orig9al pages are available ?r\gh       
,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see                  
http3_/_/www4ar*ive4org_/details_/advanc
$toymak9#jjmitc   ,transcrib]'s note3   
,text enclos$ by p\nd or numb] signs is 
9 bold       face 7bold74      ,,advanc$
 ,,toy ,,mak+ ,,= ,,s*ools  by  ,,david 
,m4 ,,mit*ell  ,in/ructor ,manual ,arts 
,willson ,junior ,high ,s*ool1 ,clevel&1
 ,ohio        ,illu/ration  ,! ,manual  
,arts ,press ,peoria1 ,ill9ois          
,copyright #aibb ,david ,m4 ,mit*ell #ab
 ,b #bb  ,pr9t$ 9 ,unit$ ,/ates (       
,am]ica     ,,preface   ,toys are today 
reg>d$ z educational factors 9 ! life ( 
boys & girls4 ,new toys come into dem&  
at frequ5t int]vals 9 ! gr[? & m5tal    
developm5t ( ! *ild4 ,on acc\nt ( !     

unfail+ int]e/ on ! "p ( ! pupils 9 toys
 & because ( ! unlimit$ educational     
possibilities conta9$ 9 toy mak+1 ?is "w
 is rightfully tak+ an increas+ly       
important place 9 ! manual arts program 
9 ! s*ools4  ,?is book is ! outgr[? (   
toy-mak+ problems giv5 to junior-high & 
high-s*ool pupils4 ,! au?or claims no   
orig9ality = "s ( ! toys4 ,h[ev]1 mo/ ( 
!m h be5 orig9at$ or improv$ ^u 9 !     
au?or's classes4  ,:ile x is entirely   
satisfactory to h any ( ! toys m5tion$ 9
 ?is book made z individual projects1 !y
 are "h (f]$ z suitable gr\p projects or
 production projects1 & x is hop$ t !   
sugge/$ =m ( %op organization =         
production "w z treat$ 9 ,"p ,i is      
flexible en\gh s t ! plan c be appli$ to
 mo/ any %op conditions4  ,! draw+s (   
toys 9 ,"p ,,ii w sugge/ a v>iety (     
articles :i* may be us$ 9 c>ry+ out !   
production "w4  ,( c\rse1 ! success (   
organiz+ & conduct+ classes = ?is k9d ( 
"w dep5ds l>gely ^u ! in/ructor4 ,he mu/
 "k def9itely :at he is try+ to get     

done4 ,he mu/ adopt & pursue su* me?ods 
( deal+ ) bo? ! memb]s ( ! class & !    
mat]ial z w contribute directly t[>ds ! 
desir$ end4  ,toy mak+ c>ri$ on by !    
s-call$ productive plan1 if h&l$        
prop]ly1 w br+ out _m ( ! ess5tials ( an
 organization typical ( ! comm]cial     
indu/ries4 ,toge!r ) its educational    
possibilities & its p[] to attract !    
att5tion ( ^? engag$ 9 ?is activity1 toy
 mak+ w rightfully take its place       
alongside o!r important subjects (f]$ 9 
a complete indu/rial arts c\rse4  ,!    
au?or wi%es to ackn[l$ge 8 indebt$ness  
to ,william ,e4 ,rob]ts1 sup]visor (    
manual tra9+1 ,clevel& ,public ,s*ools1 
= valuable sugge/ions & inspiration2 to 
,joseph ,a4 ,%elley1 ,j]sey ,city1 ,n4  
,j41 = sugge/ions on f9i%+ kiddie c>    
:eels2 to ! ,eclipse ,air ,bru%         
,company1 ,new>k1 ,n4 ,j41 = valuable   
in=mation & photographs ( air bru%      
equipm5t2 & to ! ,am]ican ,wood ,work+  
,ma*9]y ,co41 = ! use ( ! illu/rations  
%[+ ! op]ation ( ! turn+ la!1 univ]sal  

saw1 & o!r woodwork+ ma*9es4            
,d4 ,m4 ,,mit*ell  ,clevel&1 ,ohio1     
#aiba4     ,,cont5ts   ,,"p ,i          
,,op]ations ,,9 ,,toy ,,mak+    ,,*apt] 
,i4 ,,productive ,,"w                   
#aa      #a4 ,sugge/$ plan = %op        
organization4 #b4 ,gr\p+     ( /ud5ts4  
#c4 ,! "t cl]k & tool-room cl]k4     #d4
 ,record+ att5dance4 #e4 ,"t c>ds4 #f4  
,us+ "t     c>d4 #g4 ,grad+ /ud5ts4 #h4 
,prelim9>y discussion &     prep>ation =
 %opwork4 #i4 ,baza>s1 toy sales1 etc4  
,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,color+ ,,toys           
#ba      #aj4 ,sanitation emphasiz$4    
#aa4 ,prep>ation ( surfaces4     #ab4   
,application ( wat] colors4 #ac4 ,anal9e
 wat] /a9s4     #ad4 ,=mulas = anal9e   
wat] /a9s4 #ae4 ,oil /a9s4     #af4     
,%ellack+4 #ag4 ,v>ni%+4 #ah4 ,po9ts on 
,v>ni%+4     #ai4 ,color$ v>ni%4 #bj4   
,ano!r sugge/ion = f9i%+4     #ba4 ,use 
( pa9t4 #bb4 ,+r$i5ts ( good pa9t4      
#bc4 ,application ( pa9t4 #bd4          
,prep>ation ( surface4     #be4 ,t9t+   
mat]ials4 #bf4 ,mix+ pa9ts4 #bg4 ,pa9t  

=mulas4     #bh4 ,=mulas = mak+ t9t$    
pa9t4 #bi4 ,enamel+4     #cj4 ,! dipp+  
me?od4 #ca4 ,poli%+ by tumbl+4 #cb4 ,c>e
 (     bru%es4 #cc4 ,pa9t application by
 means ( compress$ air4     #cd4 ,uses (
 pneumatic spray]s4 #ce4 ,con/ruction ( 
pneumatic     pa9t+ outfit4 #cf4        
,special atta*m5ts = diff]5t surfaces4  
#cg4 ,clean+ pneumatic ma*9es4 #ch4     
,directions = clean+     ma*9e4 #ci4    
,directions = op]at+ pneumatic equipm5t4
     #dj4 ,prep>+ colors4    ,,*apt]    
,,iii4 ,,common ,,woods ,,us$ ,,9 ,,toy 
,,mak+                      #db         
#da4 ,economy 9 select+ mat]ial4 #db4   
,qualities (     diff]5t woods us$4     
,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,use ,,( ,,jigs ,,&      
,,fixtures                              
#dc      #dc4 ,value ( jigs & fixtures4 
#dd4 ,cutt+ small :eels4     #de4 ,turn+
 :eels4 #df4 ,use ( :eel cutt]4 #dg4    
,use (     cop+ saw4 #dh4 ,cutt+ %>p    
corn]s4 #di4 ,remov+ !     saw-blade f  
frame4 #ej4 ,mak+ heavy :eels4 #ea4     
,designs     = :eels4 #eb4 ,cutt+ :eels 

on b&-saw4 #ec4 ,bor+     holes 9 :eels4
    ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,op]ation ,,(          
,,woodwork+ ,,ma*9es                    
#ed      #ed4 ,importance ( ma*9e       
op]ations4 #ee4 ,op]at+ !     la!4 #ef4 
,face plate turn+4 #eg4 ,! univ]sal saw4
     #eh4 ,! h& jo9t]4 #ei4 ,! s&]4     
,,"p ,,ii  ,,draw+s ,,= ,,toys          
,,page   ,plate  #a4 ,fox & ,geese ,game
                                        
#fd         #b4 ,r+ ,toss               
#fe         #c4 ,baby's ,c>t            
#ff         #d4 ,hay ,c>t               
#fg         #e4 ,horse ,head            
#fh         #f4 ,horse on ,:eels        
#fi         #g4 ,kido ,k> ,trail]       
#gj         #h4 ,auto ,road/]           
#ga         #i4 ,auto ,rac]             
#gb        #aj4 ,pass5g] ,c>            
#gc        #aa4 ,milk ,wagon            
#gd        #ab4 ,table = ,doll ,h\se    
#ge        #ac4 ,*air & ,rock]          
#gf        #ad4 ,buffet                 
#gg        #ae4 ,toy ,:eel-,b>r[        
#gh        #af4 ,horse ,b>r[            

#gi        #ag4 ,doll's ,c>riage        
#hj        #ah4 ,noah's ,ark            
#ha        #ai4 ,bean ,bag ,game ,bo>d  
#hb        #bj4 ,*ild's ,sw+ ,no4 #a    
#hc        #ba4 ,*ild's ,sw+ ,no4 #b    
#hd        #bb4 ,doll's ,b$1 ,no4 #a    
#he        #bc4 ,doll's ,b$1 ,no4 #b    
#hf        #bd4 ,adju/able ,/ilts       
#hg        #be4 ,scoot]                 
#hh        #bf4 ,/e]+ ,coa/]            
#hi        #bg4 ,kido ,k>               
#ij        #bh4 ,kid ,k> ,junior        
#ia        #bi4 ,pony ,k>               
#ib        #cj4 ,duplex ,spe$/]         
#ic        #ca4 ,rock-a-,doodle         
#id        #cb4 ,sl$                    
#ie        #cc4 ,/urdy ,fly] ,sl$       
#if        #cd4 ,ducky ,loo             
#ig        #ce4 ,duck ,rock]            
#ih        #cf4 ,jitney                 
#ii        #cg4 ,junior ,road/]         
#ajj        #ch4 ,details ( ,junior     
,road/]                             #aja
        #ci4 ,s5ior ,coa/]              
#ajb        #dj4 ,details ( ,s5ior      

,coa/]                              #ajc
        #da4 ,auto-,k>                  
#ajd        #db4 ,*oo-,*oo-,k>          
#aje        #dc4 ,teet]-,tott]          
#ajf        #dd4 ,teet] ,rock]          
#ajg        #de4 ,*eck] ,bo>d           
#ajh        #df4 ,*ild's ,co/um]        
#aji        #dg4 ,baby's ,*air          
#aaj        #dh4 ,*ildr5's ,s& ,box     
#aaa        #di4 ,s& ,box ,no4 #b       
#aab        #ej4 ,doll's ,h\se ,no4 #a  
#aac        #ea4 ,doll's ,h\se ,no4 #b  
#aad        #eb4 ,doll's ,h\se ,no4 #b  
#aae        #ec4 ,dumb ,bell  ,indian   
,club                                   
#aaf        #ed4 ,bats                  
#aag     ,,sugge/ions ,,to ,,tea*]s     
,:]e ! "w is to be done on ! s-call$    
productive basis1 x is ( utmo/          
importance t1 be=e />t+1 ! classes %\ld 
be s organiz$ z to all[ ! "w to be c>ri$
 on 9 ! mo/ effici5t1 progressive mann]4
 ,! =m ( %op organization sugge/$ 9 ?is 
book is recomm5d$4 ,h[ev]1 ! in/ructor  
may1 p>ticul>ly if he has _h good       

practical %op exp]i5ce1 employ o!r      
me?ods ( organization t are j z good &  
possibly ev5 bett] = 8 p>ticul> class & 
! conditions "u :i* he has to "w4  ,x is
 also ( great importance t ! in/ructor  
%\ld acqua9t himself ) ! processes      
involv$ 9 ! mak+ ( ea* toy be=e all[+ ! 
class to beg9 x4 ,?is may be accompli%$ 
by ! mak+ ( a sample ( ! contemplat$    
project1 c>efully analyz+ its diff]5t   
p>ts & arrang+ ! op]ations 9 a logical  
sequ5ce4 ,?is phase ( ! "w may be done  
dur+ class discussions & demon/rations  
at :i* "t ! diff]5t jigs & fixtures ne$$
 = progressive production may also be   
develop$4  ,! diff]5t me?ods ( color+   
toys h be5 sugge/$ ) ! hope t ! /ud5t w 
ga9 a realization ( ! importance (      
f9i%+1 f bo? ! arti/ic & ! practical    
po9t ( view4 ,! application ( pa9t by   
means ( compress$ air is ! late/        
developm5t 9 ! color+ ( toys1 & an      
equipm5t 9 ! s*ool %op illu/rat+ !      
pr9ciples ( compress$ air z appli$ to   
productive f9i%+ ( toys1 is a /ep =w>d 9

 mak+ s*ool %ops function z !y %\ld4  ,!
 work+ draw+s 9 ?is book %\ld s]ve z    
sugge/ions4 ,!y h be5 s con/ruct$ z to  
be free f unnecess>y te*nicalities1 & to
 leave z mu* opportunity z possible = ! 
ex]cise & developm5t ( ! /ud5t's        
judgm5t4  ,x w be f\nd t toy mak+ (f]s  
itself readily to ! desir$ co-op]ation &
 correlation ) o!r dep>tm5ts 9 ! s*ool4 
,= in/ance1 ! art dep>tm5t may aid ) !  
design+ & color s*eme to be us$ on toys2
 ! g5]al metal %op may help 9 ! mak+ (  
necess>y metal p>ts3 ! me*anical draw+  
dep>tm5t c co-op]ate 9 ! mak+ ( work+   
draw+s2 ! ma!matics dep>tm5t c figure ! 
co/s ( production1 etc41 etc4  ,x is    
hop$ t ! purpose ( ?is book is n m]ely  
to set =? a few plans & draw+s = !      
con/ruction ( toys1 b to give ! "w !    
broade/ possible application2 creat+ a  
con/ructive influ5ce on ! m9ds ( !      
/ud5ts1 9 :i* case x w also act z a     
means ( br++ into clos] relation%ip _!  
life outside ( s*ool ) ! "w 9 s*ool4    
,illu/ration3 ,,toy ,,mak+ ,,on ,a      

,,productive ,,basis ,,employ+ ,,factory
 ,,me?ods     ,,"p ,i  ,,op]ations ,,9  
,,toy ,,mak+     ,,*apt] ,i             
,,productive ,,"w   #a4 ,sugge/$ ,plan =
 ,%op ,organization4--,:ile x is        
entirely satisfactory to h any ( ! toys 
m5tion$ 9 ?is book made z individual    
projects1 !y are "h (f]$ z suitable gr\p
 projects or production projects4       
,production "w may be def9$ z "w done by
 a class to turn out a numb] ( simil>   
projects t h a m>ketable value1 ) ! aid 
( jigs1 fixtures1 & o!r means (         
duplication1 illu/rat+ ! indu/rial or   
practical application to ! tasks 9 h&1  
,figs4 #a1 #b1 & #c4 ,?is does n mean1  
h[ev]1 t ! s*ool %ops be trans=m$ into a
 factory 9 ! full s5se ( ! ^w4 ,x %\ld  
diff] f a factory 9 t ! education ( !   
/ud5t is ! major "p ( ! product1 :ile 9 
! factory production is ! =emo/ aim4  ,9
 do+ "w by ! productive plan two        
important problems w pres5t !mselves at 
! outset2 fir/1 ! "t elem5t2 & second1  
indu/rial or practical application to ! 

tasks 9 h&4  ,a brief explanation ( !   
plan ( organization 9 "o ( ! au?or's    
classes w attempt to %[ h[ ne>ly ^!     
problems c be solv$4  ,illu/ration3     
,fig4 #a4 ,mat]ial = toys1 prep>$ on a  
l>ge scale  #b4 ,gr\p+ (                
,/ud5ts4--,classes are divid$ into gr\ps
 ( betwe5 f\r & six boys1 ) a boy =eman 
appo9t$ at ! head ( ea* gr\p4 ,! =eman  
is held responsible = ! "w turn$ out by 
8 boys4 ,he is to see t !y und]/& j :at 
is to be done & h[ x is to be done4 ,all
 ! gr\p =em5 are directly responsible to
 ! g5]al =eman :o 9 turn is responsible 
to ! in/ructor4 ,! g5]al =eman is to act
 z an inspector ( f9i%$ "w aft] x has   
receiv$ ! gr\p =eman's ,o4,k4 ,he is    
also held responsible = ! condition ( ! 
%op dur+ 8 class h\r4 ,?is includes     
look+ aft] all mat]ial1 ! mann] 9 :i*   
/ock is put away aft] class1 & adh]5ce  
to all %op rules t h be5 adopt$ to help 
9 ! effici5cy ( %op proc$ure4           
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,a l>ge ord] (  
toys p>tly con/ruct$  #c4 ,! ,"t ,cl]k &

 ,tool-,room ,cl]k4--,a ,"t ,cl]k is    
appo9t$ to take *>ge ( ! "t c>ds4 ,he is
 also held responsible = all ! cl]ical  
"w t is to be done 9 ! %op4  ,a         
,tool-,room ,cl]k is appo9t$ to take    
*>ge ( ! %op tool room4 ,he is to keep  
*eck ( all tools giv5 out & tak5 94 ,8  
sp>e "t %\ld be devot$ to ! c>e ( tools4
  ,if possible1 ea* boy 9 ! class %\ld  
be giv5 an opportunity to act 9 ea*     
capacity t has be5 creat$1 s t he may   
get ! mo/ v>i$ exp]i5ce 9 %op proc$ure4 
,?is w necessitate ! *ang+ ( boys f "o  
gr\p to ano!r2 ! *ang+ ( =em51 cl]ks1   
etc41 at int]vals :i* w ( c\rse be      
gov]n$ by ! size ( ! class & ! numb] (  
h\rs devot$ to ! "w4  ,illu/ration3     
,fig4 #c4 ,milk wagons complet$ by !    
production me?od  #d4 ,record+          
,att5dance4--,boys1 ^u ent]+ ! %op1     
regi/] _! pres5ce at ! ,"t-,c>d ,rack1  
,fig4 #d4 ,?is is done by turn+ ! "t c>d
 %[n 9 ,fig4 #e1 s t ! back side1 :i*   
has ! ^w pres5t pr9t$ at top1 is expos$4
 ,! "t cl]k !n inspects ! c>ds & notes  

^? t h n be5 turn$1 & records ! abs5ces4
 ,he !n fills 9 ! date & passes ! c>ds  
out to ! boys 9 ! %op4 ,t[>d ! latt] "p 
( ! p]iod1 a few m9utes "t is giv5 !    
boys to fill 9 ! necess>y data on ! "t  
c>d4  ,! "t c>ds are !n collect$ by ! "t
 cl]k & put into a box :]e ! "t c>ds (  
all ! classes are kept4 ,9 ! meantime ! 
"t cl]k puts back into ! "t rack ! c>ds 
( ! incom+ class4 ,?is duty is p]=m$ by 
! "t cl]ks ( all ! classes1 !reby       
necessitat+ ! use ( only "o "t c>d rack4
  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,! "t-c>d     
rack4  #e4 ,"t ,c>ds4--,ref]r+ to ! "t  
c>d m5tion$ 9 ,fig4 #e x w be se5 t !   
workman's %op numb] is fill$ 9 at ! top4
 ,!n "u ! head+ ( ,woodwork+ ,dep>tm5t  
are two horizontal r[s ( items :i* ne$ v
 little explanation4 ,foll[+ are ?ree   
columns head$ ,op]ation1 ,assignm5t1 &  
,"t4 ,bel[ ! ^w ,op]ation are set d[n ! 
v>i\s op]ations und]tak5 9 ! woodwork+  
dep>tm5t1 ) sev]al vacant spaces provid$
 :]e o!r & special op]ations c be fill$ 
94 ,x w also be notic$ t ,op]ations are 

divid$ into two k9ds1 ma*9e "w & b5* "w4
 ,! in/ructor's glance at ! "t c>d w    
tell him at once :at phase ( ! "w ! boy 
has be5 employ$ 9 & w help him 9        
apportion+ ! "w s t ! boy is (f]$ a v>i$
 exp]i5ce4  #f4 ,us+ ,"t ,c>d4--,= %ops 
t are n equipp$ ) ! k9d ( ma*9es m>k$ on
 ! illu/rat$ c>d1 x w\ld be well to omit
 ! names ( ma*9es 9 ! op]ation column4  
,! in/ructor may !n fill 9 ! op]ation   
:atev] x may be4  ,"u ! head+ ,assignm5t
 & aga9/ ! op]ation :i* is to be        
und]tak5 by ! /ud5t1 ! in/ructor writes 
9 ! "n ( ! "p to be made4 ,?is is !     
/ud5t's assignm5t & x %\ld be read by   
him at ! "t he records 8 pres5ce at !   
"t-c>d rack ^u ent]+ ! %op4  ,9 mak+    
assignm5ts1 ! in/ructor may f9d x r     
difficult to keep up ) l>ge classes (   
boys4 ,?is difficulty may be ov]come by 
mak+ an assignm5t to an entire gr\p     
in/ead ( to ea* boy4 ,= example1 9 a    
class ( tw5ty-five t w\ld probably be   
divid$ into five gr\ps1 ! in/ructor may 
make ! assignm5t to ! =eman ( ea* gr\p &

 ea* =eman 9 turn c in=m ! boys ( 8 gr\p
 z to ! nature ( ! assignm5t4 ,! boys c 
!n ent] ! assignm5t on _! "t c>ds at !  
end ( ! p]iod :5 ! "t sp5t on ! job at  
h& is also record$4  ,! /ud5t's %op     
numb]1 "n1 & grade %\ld be fill$ 9 by ! 
"t cl]k :o c get out a numb] ( c>ds =   
ea* /ud5t 9 advance & ^! are kept ready 
= use by ! in/ructor4 ,! in/ructor c !n 
m>k ! project & ! job numb] toge!r ) !  
/ud5t's assignm5t4 ,at ! same "t he     
e/imates ! j\rneyman's "t & rate & ent]s
 !m 9 ! space provid$4  ,! "t c>d 9     
,fig4 #e1 is #c-a_/b in*es by #i in*es1 
made ( ?ree-ply bri/ol bo>d4 ,all       
work]'s c>ds are pr9t$ on :ite color$   
bri/ol :ile ^? ( ! =em5 are ( blue      
color$ bri/ol4 ,?is plan is = !         
in/ructor's conv5i5ce to be able to pick
 out ! =em5's "t c>ds at a glance4  ,9 !
 triple column "u ! head+ ,,"t is       
provid$ room = ! date & spaces 9 :i* !  
/ud5t c write ! "t 9 m9utes sp5t on !   
v>i\s op]ations on t date4 ,! triple    
columns on ea* side ( ! c>d all[ ( !    

c>ds be+ us$ = six days4 ,if a job la/s 
long] ?an six days ano!r c>d %\ld be us$
 m>k+ !m ,no4 #a & ,no4 #b1             
respectively1 9 ! space m>k$ ,c>d ,no4  
,bo? c>ds %\ld be fa/5$ & kept toge!r4  
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,"t c>d  ,ef=t  
%\ld always be made to h all !          
assignm5ts %ort 7less ?an six days7 s t 
! /ud5t's record may be comput$ at ! end
 ( ea* week by ! "t cl]k4  #g4 ,grad+   
,/ud5ts4--,! next f\r spaces conta9 9   
cond5s$ =m1 ! in=mation itemiz$ 9 o!r   
p>ts ( ! c>d4 ,?is1 toge!r ) o!r        
in=mation set d[n by ! in/ructor1 is !  
vital mat]ial s\ght =4  ,! item ,a      
,j\rneyman's ,"t is v easily record$ by 
! in/ructor4 ,x is arriv$ at 9 ! same   
way z 9 mak+ out ! e/imate = any piece (
 "w & c be record$ almo/ at once4 ,! ma9
 purpose "h is to set = ! /ud5t a /&>d (
 "t on :i* to "w4  ,! item ,b is ! rate 
9 po9ts p] h\r1 bas$ on ! j\rneyman's   
"t4  ,! item ,c is ! total ( ! /ud5t's  
"t add$ toge!r f ! v>i\s spaces "u ,"t4 
,item ,d ,quality ,decimal is ! quality 

( ! /ud5t's job express$ 9 ! =m ( a     
decimal1 ) #ajj z ! maximum4 ,?is m>k   
%\ld be fill$ 9 by ! in/ructor :5 !     
/ud5t completes 8 job4  ,! next item1 ! 
numb] ( po9ts ! /ud5t e>ns is f\nd by ! 
=mula ,po9ts  7,ax,b7,d    ,po9ts e>n$  
p] h\r  77,ax,b7,d7_/,c  ,= example1 a  
/ud5t receives an assignm5t to cut to   
?ickness1 wid?1 & l5g?1 sixty *air legs4
 ,! size ( ! legs he is to get f ! job  
bluepr9t4 ,he sp5ds #fj m9utes a day1 = 
?ree days1 mak+ a total ( #ahj m9utes or
 #c h\rs4 ,! "t x w\ld take a j\rneyman 
to d ! same job is e/imat$ at #b h\rs4  
,! rate adopt$ is at #hj po9ts p] h\r2 !
 j\rneyman !re=e e>ns ,ax,b  #bx#hj     
#afj ,po9ts4 ,! quality ( ! /ud5t's job 
is grad$ by ! in/ructor z #ge4 ,! numb] 
( po9ts ! /ud5t e>ns is f\nd by ! =mula 
,po9ts  7,ax,b7,d  7#bx#hj74ge  #abj    
,po9ts4 ,to f9d ! numb] ( po9ts ! /ud5t 
e>ns p] h\r1 divide #abj po9ts by !     
numb] ( h\rs x took ! /ud5t to complete 
! job1 :i* equals #abj_/c  #dj1 ! numb] 
( po9ts ! /ud5t e>ns p] h\r4 ,h[ev]1 if 

! /ud5t w\ld be grad$ #ajj1 he w\ld e>n 
! same numb] ( po9ts z ! j\rneyman4 ,b (
 c\rse1 he w\ld h done x 9 ?ree h\rs :]e
 ! j\rneyman has e>n$ ! same numb] (    
po9ts 9 two h\rs4 ,x w readily be se5 t 
?is s*eme (f]s ! /ud5t an ev]la/+       
inc5tive to equal ! j\rneyman's record4 
,hav+ obta9$ ! po9ts on ! "t c>d or     
assignm5t c>d z x may be call$1 ^! are  
!n transf]r$ to a mon?ly accompli%m5t   
%eet z %[n 9 ,fig4 #f1 :i* is provid$ = 
all ! /ud5ts 9 all classes4             
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,mon?ly         
accompli%m5t %eet  ,! total numb] (     
po9ts = ea* boy1 gr\p1 & class c !n be  
easily obta9$4 ,^! totals c be put up 9 
po/] =m & hung on ! %op's bullet9 bo>d1 
%[+ ! /&+ ( ea* boy1 gr\p1 & class4 ,x  
is surpris+ ! am\nt ( int]e/ &          
competition t c be ar\s$2 ev]yone work+ 
= ! highe/ honors1 unconsci\sly1 ) a    
competitive _s t w br+ out consid]able  
?\ght & ef=t to ! matt] ( h&l+ mat]ial =
 maximum production4  #h4 ,prelim9>y    
,discussion & ,prep>ation =             

,%opwork4--,( c\rse1 no "t c>d or       
assignm5t-record s*eme c hope entirely  
to elim9ate ! necess>y prelim9>y        
discussions & prep>ation4 ,! au?or has  
f\nd x ( mat]ial help to meet ! =em5 (  
all ! classes at h\rs o!r ?an _! regul> 
class h\r & discuss su* topics z ,secur+
 ,coop]ation1 ,in/ruct+ ,work]s1        
,ma9ta9+ ,cleanl9ess & ,ord]1 ,records &
 ,reports1 ,inspect+ ,"w1 ,r\t+ ,mat]ial
 ,?ru ,%op1 ,c>e ( ,/ock1 etc4  ,details
 reg>d+ con/ruction & assembl+ %\ld be  
work$ out by ! in/ructor be=eh&1 & also 
develop$ ) ! class z ! "w progresses4   
,c>e %\ld be tak5 t plans are c>efully  
made reg>d+ ! /orage ( /ock & unf9i%$   
p>ts4  ,! old say+1 ,an ounce (         
prev5tion is wor? a p\nd ( cure1 is an  
old "o1 b a good "o4  #i4 ,baza>s1 ,toy 
,sales1 ,etc4--,! plan ( sell+ toys1 t  
are made 9 ! s*ool %op1 to ! boys &     
girls ( ! s*ool is a plausible "o4 ,x c 
v easily be accompli%$ 9 ! =m ( baza>s1 
exhibitions1 or s*ool toy sales4  ,!    
writ] has _h a numb] ( samples ( diff]5t

 toys made & put on exhibition1 & ord]s 
tak51 requir+ a deposit on ea* ord]4 ,^!
 7 !n turn$ 9 to ! %op dep>tm5t & ! toys
 made on ! productive plan4  ,! boys 9 !
 %op w\ld receive s*ool *ecks1 ,fig4 #g1
 = ! total numb] ( po9ts t !y e>n$ = !  
seme/]4 ,^! *ecks c\ld !n be us$ by !m  
t[>ds ! pur*as+ ( any ( ! toys t 7 put  
on sale2 a c]ta9 numb] ( po9ts requir$ =
 ! pur*ase ( diff]5t toys4              
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,cr$it *eck1    
bas$ on numb] ( po9ts c>v$  ,?is plan 0 
made possible by add+ on to ! numb] (   
ord]s receiv$ an additional numb] equal 
to ! numb] ( boys 9 ! %op4 ,= example1  
tw5ty-f\r ord]s = toy milk wagons 7     
receiv$ by a class ( tw5ty-f\r boys4 ,!n
 in/ead ( mak+ tw5ty-f\r toy milk wagons
 we d\bl$ ! numb] & made =ty-eight ( !m4
 ,! price t 0 figur$ on = ! tw5ty-f\r   
ord]s w\ld m ?an cov] ! co/ ( mat]ial = 
! o!r tw5ty-f\r articles t ! boys w\ld  
be able to buy ) _! e>n$ *ecks4         
,,*apt] ,,ii  ,,color+ ,,toys   #aj4    
,sanitation ,emphasiz$4--,all           

application ( color to toys %\ld c>ry ) 
x a realization t toys are meant        
prim>ily = *ildr5 & t all pa9ts %\ld    
!re=e be free f poison\s comp\nds4  ,all
 pa9ts us$ %\ld be ( good quality s t x 
w n come (f easily to discolor ! h&s or 
tongues ( *ildr5 :o _c resi/ !          
temptation ( /ick+ ev]y?+ possible into 
_! m\?s4  #aa4 ,prep>ation (            
,surfaces4--,wood5 toys may be f9i%$ q  
bright & 9 v>i\s colors4  ,be=e apply+ !
 color x is absolutely necess>y t e "p (
 ! toy has be5 ?oroly s&$4 ,:]e s&+ is  
done by ma*9e1 c>e %\ld be tak5 n to s& 
! wood too mu*4 ,_m difficulties may    
arise f too mu* z well z f too little   
s&+4 ,9 h& s&+1 ! use ( a block #b-a_/b 
x #c-a_/b1 to :i* is glu$ a piece (     
cork1 is recomm5d$4  #ab4 ,application (
 ,wat] ,colors4--,toys may be color$ by 
! use ( diff]5t mat]ials & by v>i\s     
me?ods4 ,kalsom9e colors1 opaque wat]   
colors1 v>i\sly kn[n z %[ c>d colors1   
liquid temp]a1 & lett]9e1--all come "u !
 head+ ( wat] colors4 ,all b ! kalsom9e 

may be obta9$ 9 small j>s & ready = use4
 ,kalsom9e colors come 9 p[d] =m 9 v>i\s
 colors & may easily be prep>$ by mix+ )
 wat] & a little glue to b9d ! p>ts     
toge!r4 ,!y are mu* *eap] ?an ! ord9>y  
=ms ( transp>5t & opaque wat] colors4   
,!y may be appli$ ) ! ord9>y wat] color 
bru%es4  ,aft] a coat ( wat] color has  
be5 appli$ to ! toy1 x may be necess>y  
to remove ! r\gh p>ts ) v f9e s& pap]4  
,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to cut ?ru :5 s&+4  
,to pres]ve & protect ! wat] color on ! 
toy a coat ( :ite %ellac may be appli$4 
,if a m durable f9i% is desir$ a coat ( 
good cle> v>ni% ov] ! %ellac w s]ve !   
purpose4  #ac4 ,anal9e ,wat] ,/a9s4--,= 
g5]al f9i%+ ( toys anal9e wat] /a9s w   
produce excell5t results4 ,!y are kn[n =
 _! ability to p5etrate ! wood deeply & 
! ease ) :i* any %ade c be produc$4     
,wat] /a9 raises ! gra9 ( ! wood m ?an  
any o!r4 ,?is makes x necess>y to s&pap]
 d[n ! rais$ gra9 until smoo? & !n      
proce$ ) ! %ellack+ & v>ni%+ until !    
desir$ results are obta9$4  ,9 prep>+   

anal9e wat] /a9s1 only anal9es t are    
soluble 9 wat] are us$4 ,place an ounce 
( ! anal9e to a qu>t ( hot or boil+     
wat]1 p\r+ ! wat] ov] ! dye-/uff & /irr+
 mean:ile ) a wood5 paddle or /ick4 ,s(t
 wat] is ! be/4 ,9 ab\t an h\r ! dye may
 be filt]$ ?ru a piece ( f9e wov5 clo?4 
,z metal is apt to discolor ! dye1 x is 
bett] to use a glass conta9]4 ,if !     
prep>$ solution is too /rong x may be   
dilut$ 9 m wat]4 ,use hot wat] = dilut+ 
! /a94  ,! "w ) wat] /a9 mu/ be done    
quickly 9 ord] to obta9 a uni=m color+  
on ! surface4 ,wat] /a9s are us$ a great
 deal :]e ! dipp+ process is employ$ 9 !
 f9i%+ ( toys4 ,a hot dipp+ /a9 is      
pref]able to a cold dipp+ /a91 fir/1    
because x p5etrates m readily & second1 
because x dries quick]4  #ad4 ,=mulas = 
,anal9e ,wat] ,/a9s4--7,/ock            
,solutions74  ,r$3 ,rose b5zol five     
p>ts1 wat] t5 p>ts4  ,rose ,r$3         
,dissolve #c oz4 ,rose ,b5gal 9 #e p9ts 
( wat]4  ,blue3 7a7 ,dissolve #a oz4 ( !
 be/ indigo c>m9e 9 #h oz4 ( wat]4 7b7  

,prussian blue dissolv$ 9 wat]4  ,d>k   
,blue3 ,dissolve #c oz4 ,b5gal blue 9   
#c-a_/b p9ts ( boil+ wat]1 & /ir & filt]
 ! fluid 9 t5 m9utes "t4  ,gre53 ,mix   
,prussian blue & raw si5na 9 su*        
proportions z w give ! desir$ color4    
,mix 9 wat]4  ,br[n3 ,dissolve #c oz4 ( 
,bism>k br[n 9 #a_/b gal4 ( wat]4       
,yell[3 ,auram9e #d p>ts1 sulphate (    
soda #aj p>ts1 mix$ 9 wat]4  ,black3    
,nigros9e black1 f\r ounces1 dissolv$ 9 
"o gallon ( boil+ wat]4  ,:5 want$ =    
use1 ^! anal9es may be dilut$ ) wat]4 ,!
 rule is1 an ounce ( anal9e to ! gallon 
( wat] to =m a work+ /a94 ,or to a p9t (
 ! /ock solution1 z x is call$1 y may   
add ?ree p9ts ( wat]4  #ae4 ,oil        
,/a9s4--,x w be f\nd t quick] "w c be   
done ) oil /a9 ?an ) wat] colors4 ,= t  
reason1 oil /a9s are also us$ a great   
deal z a dipp+ /a94 ,9 prep>+ oil /a9s1 
! be/ m9]al or e>? pigm5ts to dissolve )
 turp5t9e are ,van ,dyke br[n1 *rome    
gre51 burnt & raw si5na1 & lamp black4  
#af4 ,%ellack+4--,!re are two k9ds (    

%ellac1 orange & :ite4 ,! :ite %ellac is
 orange %ellac t has be5 blea*$4 ,!     
purpose ( %ellac z commonly und]/ood is 
to give a quick coat ov] ! /a94 ,! ?9   
coat =m$ s]ves z a protector = ! /a9 &  
also z an und]coat] = ! foll[+ coat (   
v>ni%4 ,9 ?is way at lea/ "o coat (     
v>ni% is elim9at$ & a great deal ( "t   
sav$ because ! %ellac dries )9 a few    
m9utes4 ,to ?9 %ellac use d5atur$       
alcohol4  ,on *eap] toys a coat ( %ellac
 only may be us$ z a cov]+ = ! color    
/a94 ,if orange %ellac is us$ x w be    
f\nd t x effects ! color ( ! /a9 us$4   
,:ite %ellac also produces a slight     
*ange 9 color & = ?is reason _m work+ ) 
toys w use a good cle> v>ni% in/ead4    
#ag4 ,v>ni%+4--,two or ?ree coats (     
v>ni% w produce a v durable f9i%4 ,!    
fir/ coat ( v>ni% ought n be q z heavy z
 ! succe$+ coats4 ,if ! v>ni% is ( extra
 heavy body x %\ld be r$uc$ slightly = !
 fir/ coat4 ,! be/ v>ni% r$uc] is ?9    
v>ni%4 ,to prep>e ?is r$uc]1 take "o "p 
v>ni% 7! same v>ni% to be r$uc$71 & two 

p>ts ( turp5t9e4 ,%ake ^! toge!r well & 
let /& tw5ty-f\r h\rs be=e us+4 ,?is w  
r$uce ! consi/5cy ( ! v>ni% )\t te>+ d[n
 ! body z pure turp5t9e w\ld4 ,! fir/   
coat ( v>ni% %\ld be all[$ to dry ?oroly
 be=e ! second coat is appli$4  ,oil    
v>ni%es made f good h>d gums1 pure l9se$
 oil1 & turp5t9e1 are ! mo/ valuable4 ,9
 us+ turp5t9e to ?9 v>ni% c>e %\ld be   
tak5 t adult]at$ turp5t9e is n us$4 ,to 
play ! game safe x is advisable to use a
 little b5z9e1 = x w n injure ! v>ni%1 b
 w evaporate entirely1 & n flatt5 !     
v>ni% z turp5t9e does4  #ah4 ,po9ts on  
,v>ni%+4--7#a7 ,! less v>ni% is work$ "u
 ! bru% ! bett] its lu/]4 7#b7 ,use     
clean bru% & pot1 & clean v>ni%4 ,see t 
! surface is clean be=e beg9n+ to v>ni%4
 7#c7 ,all[ a coat ( v>ni% pl5ty ( "t = 
dry+ until x becomes h>d4  #ai4 ,color$ 
,v>ni%4--,color$ v>ni% is t 9 :i* a     
proportion ( v>ni% is add$ to ! pigm5t &
 ?9n$4 ,! base is usually an e>? color  
su* z o*re1 si5na1 v5itian r$1 ,van     
,dyke br[n1 umb]1 lamp black1 etc4  ,)  

?is ! "w c be done 9 "o coat4 ,?is me?od
 ( f9i%+ is usually employ$ on ! *eap]  
class ( toys :]e x isn't advisable to   
apply an exp5sive f9i%4  #bj4 ,ano!r    
,sugge/ion = ,f9i%+4--,t9t a gallon (   
b5z9e or gasol9e ) *rome gre51 *rome    
yell[1 & v]milion1 gr\nd 9 ,japan until 
! desir$ %ade is obta9$4 ,?is =mulae is 
especially good = dipp+ purposes4  #ba4 
,use ( ,pa9t4--,al?\gh pa9t c be b\ght  
ready prep>$ & 9 any color1 z has be5   
/at$1 x is advisable to h ! /ud5ts mix  
_! own colors & *oose _! own color      
s*eme4  #bb4 ,+r$i5ts ( good ,pa9t4--,! 
be/ pa9ts are usually made by mix+      
toge!r :ite lead1 l9se$ oil1 pigm5t ( ! 
desir$ color 7colors gr\nd 9 oil71 & a  
dri]4  ,:ile :ite lead is suffici5t z ! 
pigm5t = :ite pa9t1 a bett] result is   
obta9$ by mix+ z9c oxide ) ! :ite lead4 
,^! two sub/ances h ! conv5i5t prop]ty (
 balanc+ ea* o!r's disadvantages4 ,=    
in/ance1 z9c oxide has a t5d5cy to crack
 & to peal1 :i* is ov]come by ! t\gh]   
coat+ =m$ by ! :ite lead4 ,aga91 :5 :ite

 lead is expos$ to light & wea!r+1 x    
becomes *alky1 :i* fault is rem$i$ by ! 
prop]ty possess$ by z9c oxide1 ( rema9+ 
h>d4  ,! l9se$ oil us$ is obta9$ f      
flaxse$ by press+ ! ?oroly gr\nd se$4   
,ab\t tw5ty-?ree gallons ( oil c be     
obta9$ f "o bu%el ( ! se$4 ,by boil+ !  
oil ) lead oxide or manganese oxide x c 
take m oxyg5 f ! air1 & !reby its dry+  
p[]s are increas$4  ,dri]s are sub/ances
 t absorb oxyg5 f ! air & give "p ( x to
 ! oil4 ,! raw l9se$ oil absorbs ! oxyg5
 f ! air v sl[ly1 b ! addition (        
turp5t9e is a great aid 9 ov]com+ ?is   
defect4  ,to insure ! be/ results 9     
pa9t+1 "o mu/ fir/ consid] ! k9d &      
condition ( ! surface to be pa9t$1 & to 
:at use ! toy w be put2 !n decide on !  
prop] composition & consi/5cy ( ! pa9t4 
#bc4 ,application ( ,pa9t4--,9 apply+ ! 
pa9t to ! toy ! fir/ coat %\ld be ?9n$4 
,?is w act z a prim] or und]coat = !    
succe$+ coats ( pa9t4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 
t pl5ty ( "t is all[$ betwe5 coats = !  
pa9t to dry ?oroly4 ,?ree coats ( pa9t w

 produce a good f9i%4  #bd4 ,prep>ation 
( surface4--,all woodwork mu/ be s&$ &  
?oroly dry be=e any pa9t is appli$4 ,c>e
 %\ld be tak5 to see t all knots & sappy
 /reaks %all be cov]$ ) a coat ( orange 
%ellac4 ,!n apply ! fir/ coat4  ,aft] ! 
prim+ coat ( pa9t is ?oroly dry1 putty  
up all knot holes1 d5ts1 cracks1 & o!r  
defects 9 ! surface ) a pure l9se$ oil  
putty compos$ ( equal p>ts ( :ite lead &
 :it+4 ,:5 putty is dry1 proce$ ) ! o!r 
coats4  #be4 ,t9t+ ,mat]ials4--,=mulas =
 mak+ t9ts are to be foll[$ only 9 a    
g5]al way4 ,make "s all[ance = slight   
v>iations 9 ! /r5g? & tone ( diff]5t    
makes ( colors4 ,*romes & o*res v>y     
noticeably4 ,weigh out y\r color & add x
 gradually1 n all at once1 not+ ! effect
 z y g4 ,:5 y rea* ! desir$ %ade1 /op1  
reg>dless ( :at ! =mula calls =4        
,turp5t9e & d>k dri]s w slightly alt]   
%ades4 ,make all[ance = ?is4  #bf4 ,mix+
 ,pa9ts4--,faulty mix+1 ev5 ) ! be/ (   
mat]ials1 is n likely to make durable   
pa9t4 ,! important ?+ is to give ! lead 

& oil a *ance to incorporate !mselves 9 
t close union :i* !y always make if     
all[$ to d s4 ,! foll[+ directions give 
be/ results4 ,! ord] is important4  7#a7
 ,break up ! :ite lead ) a paddle1 us+  
only en\gh oil to br+ x to ! consi/5cy (
 colors 9 oil4  7#b7 ,add y\r colors =  
t9t+4 ,color+ matt] add$ aft] ! pa9t has
 be5 ?9n$ is likely to break up 9 lumps 
:i* leave /reaks :5 bru%$ out4  7#c7    
,put 9 dri]4  7#d7 ,add rema9d] ( oil1  
/irr+ well4  7#e7 ,la/ ( all1 put 9     
turp5t9e4  ,?9n]s help only ! fl[ ( !   
pa9t nev] ! quality4  ,to /ra9 pa9t ?ru 
*eese clo? be=e us+ w be a safegu>d     
aga9/ lumpy colors & /reak9ess4 ,pa9t   
also spreads fur!r if /ra9$4  #bg4 ,pa9t
 ,=mulas4--,z mo/ toys are expos$ to !  
wea!r a great deal1 ! foll[+ =mulas are 
recomm5d$4 ,^! take no acc\nt ( t9t+    
mat]ials4  7a7 ,prim+ ,coat3    #be     
p\nds pure :ite lead   #a gallon pure   
raw l9se$ oil   #a_/b gallon pure       
turp5t9e   #a_/d p9t dri]1 free f ros9  
7b7 ,body ,coat3    #be p\nds pure :ite 

lead   #c_/h gallon pure raw l9se$ oil  
#c_/h gallon pure turp5t9e   #a_/d p9t  
dri]1 free f ros9  7c7 ,f9i%+ ,coat3    
#be p\nds pure :ite lead   #a gallon    
pure raw l9se$ oil   #a_/d p9t pure     
turp5t9e   #a_/d p9t dri]4  ,"o mu/     
ex]cise 8 own discretion 9 us+ a l>g] or
 small] quantity ( oil accord+ to :e!r !
 wood is oil absorb+1 z :ite p9e1 popl>1
 & basswood1 or less p]meable1 z yell[  
p9e1 cypress1 spruce1 & hemlock4  #bh4  
,=mulas = ,mak+ ,t9t$ ,pa9t4--,any color
 or t9t may be obta9$ by v>y+ ! addition
 ( t9t+ colors4 ,^! t9t+ colors are     
call$ colors 9 oil4 ,! colors %\ld be   
add$ to ! :ite lead be=e ! pa9t is ?9n$4
  ,to tw5ty-five p\nds ( :ite lead gr\nd
 9 oil add colors 9 oil z foll[s3       
,m$ium ,blue ,slate      #c-a_/b oz4    
lamp black    ,gray ,blue               
#a_/d oz4 lamp black                    
#a oz4 ,prussian blue                   
#a_/d oz4 m$ium *rome gre5    ,d>k ,drab
              #e lbs4 ,fr5* o*re        
#a_/b lb4 lamp black                    

#a_/d lb4 ,v5itian r$    ,d>k ,slate    
#b oz4 lamp black                       
#c oz4 m$ium *rome yell[    ,d>k ,lilac 
#a oz4 lamp black                       
#e oz4 ,v5itian r$    ,lilac            
#a_/b oz4 lamp black                    
#a-a_/b oz4 ,v5itian r$    ,=e/ ,gre5   
#a-a_/b oz4 lamp black                  
#h lbs4 light gre5                      
#e oz4 m$ium *rome yell[    ,buff       
#a-a_/b lb4 ,fr5* o*re                  
#c_/h oz4 ,v5itian ,r$    ,cream        
#e oz4 ,fr5* o*re    ,sea ,gre5         
#c_/h oz4 lamp black                    
#a_/b oz4 m$ium *rome gre5              
#a-a_/d oz4 m$ium *rome yell[  ,:]e t9t+
 colors are us$ 9 suffici5tly l>ge      
quantities to alt] ! consi/5cy ( ! pa9t1
 add "o-half z mu* l9se$ oil & turp5t9e1
 by weight1 z y add t9t+ mat]ial4  #bi4 
,enamel+4--,:5 us+ enamel z a f9i% =    
toys1 c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! surface ( !  
toy is 9 prop] condition4 ,to obta9 good
 results proce$ z foll[s3 ,give ! wood a
 coat ( %ellac4 ,s& lightly & du/4 ,!   

foll[+ coat %\ld consi/ ( "p ( :ite pa9t
 & "o "p ( ! enamel to be us$4 ,?is coat
 %\ld be slightly t9t$ ) ! f9i%+ color1 
if ! f9i%+ coat is n :ite4 ,all[        
tw5ty-f\r h\rs = dry+ ?oroly2 !n s& )   
,no4 ,,oo s& pap]4 ,next apply a coat ( 
enamel ( ! color desir$ = ! f9i%$ "w4   
7,enamels may be t9t$ ) colors gr\nd 9  
oil47  ,%\ld ! enamel n "w freely1 add a
 spoonful ( b5z9e to a gallon ( enamel4 
,turp5t9e may also be us$ z a ?9n] =    
enamel4  ,a bett] f9i% ( enamel consi/s 
( two coats ( pa9t be=e apply+ ! enamel4
 ,?is gives x a /rong] body & ( c\rse   
makes x m durable4  ,because ( its      
durability & = sanit>y reasons enamel is
 ! mo/ desirable f9i% = toys4 ,its      
glossy f9i% is attractive & v appeal+ to
 *ildr54  #cj4 ,! ,dipp+ ,me?od4--,:5 a 
consid]able quantity ( toys is to be    
f9i%$1 ! problem to be fac$ w be ! co/ (
 application ( ! pa9t r ?an ! co/ ( !   
pa9t itself4 ,! dipp+ process1 7imm]s+ !
 mat]ial to be cov]$7 is f\nd to be !   
mo/ successful1 especially 9 toy mak+1  

:]e s _m small p>ts are us$4  ,_m ( !   
small pieces made c be subject$ to !    
dipp+ process at q a sav+ ( "t & labor1 
) probably bett] results ?an :]e !      
application ( pa9t or /a9 is done ) a   
bru%4  ,! success ( ! dipp+ process     
dep5ds on ! arrangem5t adopt$ = hold+ ! 
toys :ile ! actual dipp+ is done & :ile 
!y are dry+4 ,"h ! ex]cise ( a little   
+5uity on ! "p ( ! /ud5ts & tea*]1 w    
ov]come mo/ difficulties4  ,suppos+ t a 
numb] ( *eck]s1 or h&les1 or small :eels
 are to be /a9$4 ,a dipp+ frame z %[n 9 
,fig4 #h c\ld v easily be prep>$4 ,y w  
notice ! scre5 tray 7:i* is removable71 
& ! t9 %eet :i* slopes t[>ds ! conta9]4 
,! small pieces to be /a9$ c be h&l$ 9  
wire baskets ) me% j small en\gh s t !  
pieces w n fall ?ru4  ,! wire basket is 
!n imm]s$ 9 ! conta9] & work$ up & d[n1 
s t ! liquid w p5etrate & t\* all       
pieces4 ,x is !n pull$ up & swung ov] ! 
scre5 tray1 :]e ! cont5ts ( ! wire      
basket is dump$4 ,"h1 ! sup]flu\s pa9t w
 drip (f on ! t9 %eet1 :i*1 because (   

its slope1 w cause ! sup]flu\s pa9t to  
fl[ back 9 to ! conta9]4 ,fig4 #i %[s ! 
dipp+ frame 9 use4  ,! scre5 tray c be  
remov$ & plac$ 9 a rack to all[ = fur!r 
dry+4 ,sev]al trays c\ld !n be made & a 
rack to hold !m c\ld v easily be        
con/ruct$4  ,! pa9t us$ = dipp+ purposes
 mu/ s be prep>$ t too mu* does n run (f
 or too mu* /ay on1 = ?is is surely "o  
way to spoil ! "w4 ,x %\ld be ?9n$ to ! 
"r consi/5cy & c>e %\ld be tak5 t !     
?9n]s us$ are ( ! be/ quality4  ,:]e    
l>g] pieces ( "w are to be dipp$1 wire  
atta*m5ts c\ld be devis$ & ea* "p hung  
sep>ately ov] ! dipp+ frame until ready 
to be plac$ 9 a rack4 ,if ! wire        
atta*m5t =ms a hook on "o end1 x w be   
possible to hang up ! toy until dra9$ & 
dri$4 ,9 remov+ ! toy f ! pa9t x %\ld be
 drawn out v sl[ly s t ! surface ( !    
pa9t may be left z smoo? z possible4    
,:]e "o desires l9e effects on toys1 ^! 
may be l9$ 9 aft]w>ds ) a small size    
/rip+ bru% or sign pa9t]'s p5cil4       
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,dipp+ frame    

,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,us+ ! dipp+    
frame  #ca4 ,poli%+ by                  
,tumbl+4---,excell5t results 9 poli%+   
l>ge quantities ( small pieces1 may be  
obta9$ by tumbl+4 ,! mat]ial to be      
poli%$ %\ld be ?oroly dry4 ,! p>ts are  
!n plac$ 9 a tumbl] z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aj4  
,cut up p>aff9e wax into small pieces1  
us+ ab\t "o-f\r? p\nd to ea* tumbl] full
 ( toys4 ,all[ ^! to tumble sev]al h\rs4
 ,?is w di/ribute ! wax ev5ly ov] ! p>ts
 & produce a poli%$ surface4  ,! tumbl] 
z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aj is turn$ by h&1 al?o x
 c\ld v easily be plac$ 9 a la!1 :]e "o 
is available4  #cb4 ,c>e ( ,bru%es4--,a 
suitable place %\ld be provid$ = bru%es 
t are n 9 use4 ,a t9-l9$ keep] is       
recomm5d$4 ,bru%es %\ld be susp5d$ s t  
_! bri/les w n t\* ! bottom ( ! keep]1 &
 h ! liquid 9 :i* !y are kept come well 
up ov] ! bri/les1 s t none ( ! pa9t or  
v>ni% may dry 9 ! butt ( ! bru%4  #cc4  
,pa9t ,application by ,means (          
,compress$ ,air4--,9 rec5t ye>s1 great  
advancem5t has be5 made 9 ! application 

( pa9t by means ( compress$ air4 ,! e>ly
 use ( pneumatic pa9t+ equipm5t 0 conf9$
 almo/ exclusively to ! application (   
f9i%+ mat]ials su* z japans1 enamels1   
lacqu]s1 v>ni%es1 etc41 on manufactur$  
products4 ,b 9 ! pa/ few ye>s           
improvem5ts h be5 made :i* elim9ate all 
( ! difficulties orig9ally exp]i5c$ &   
make possible ! use ( ?is me?od =       
int]ior & ext]ior pa9t+1 su* z build+s1 
%ips1 etc42 & at pres5t1 a l>ge portion 
( factory ma9t5ance "w is done 9 ?is    
mann]4 ,excessive fumes h be5 elim9at$ &
 all mat]ials c be appli$ )\t remov+ !  
volatile ?9n]s1 solv5ts1 b9d]s1 etc41   
?ru air r$uction4 ,?is is br\ght ab\t   
?ru ! use ( l[ pressure & ! p]fection ( 
+5i\s pat5t nozzles & o!r improvem5ts4  
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,tumbl] =      
poli%+ small pieces  #cd4 ,uses (       
,pneumatic ,spray]s4--,pneumatic pa9t   
spray]s1 or air bru%es1 are ext5sively  
us$ 9 ! manufacture ( toys1 furniture1  
automobile bodies1 sew+ ma*9es1         
telephones1 electrical equipm5t2 9 fact1

 v ne>ly all manufactur$ products1 z    
well z on %ips1 /ructural /eel & iron   
"w1 bridges & build+s4  ,! spe$ ( ! air 
bru% is v great comp>$ ) h&-bru% "w4    
,usually1 an air-bru% op]ator w         
accompli% z mu* 9 "o h\r z a h& or      
bri/le-bru% work] w 9 "o day2 & x is    
possible to obta9 an ev5 coat+1 free f  
sags1 runs or bru%-m>ks & bett] results 
are obta9$ ?an ) ! h& bru% me?od4 ,a    
film ( pa9t c be appli$ 9 "o op]ation   
equal to two h&-bru% coats1 z x is n    
necess>y to r$uce pa9ts by ?9n+ z mu* = 
air bru% application1 9 a great _m      
in/ances1 z is ! usual practice =       
h&-bru%+4 ,! air spray] c also rea*     
places inaccessible to ! h& bru%1 & a   
p]fect coat c be appli$ ov] r\gh1 unev5 
surfaces1 :i* c\ld n be obta9$ by       
h&-bru%+4  ,9 consid]+ pneumatic pa9t+  
equipm5t1 ! mo/ important ?+ to be kept 
9 m9d is ! prop] application ( mat]ials4
 ,?is c be successfully accompli%$ only 
?ru ! use ( compress$ air at l[         
pressures4 ,by ?is is meant us+ only    

suffici5t ma9-l9e air to lay ! pa9t1    
enamel1 v>ni% or :atev] f9i% may be us$1
 on ! object4 ,excessive pressure       
results 9 fumes1 wa/e ( mat]ial & air   
r$uction tak+ place4 ,by air r$uction is
 meant ! removal ( ! m volatile solv5ts1
 ?9n]s1 b9d]s1 etc41 ?ru evaporation1 & 
! mat]ial ?us loses its adh]5t & coh]5t 
prop]ties4  ,bo? types ( air-bru%       
equipm5t illu/rat$ "h require ?ree cubic
 feet ( air p] m9ute to op]ate & !      
pressure necess>y dep5ds on ! d5sity1   
consi/5cy or viscosity ( ! mat]ial us$4 
,= example1 und]coat]s1 japans1 etc42   
require f twelve to fifte5 p\nds (      
pressure to apply p]fectly2 :ile enamels
 & v>ni%es take f eighte5 to tw5ty-five 
p\nds4 ,wat] /a9s require ab\t five     
p\nds ( pressure4  #ce4 ,con/ruction (  
,pneumatic ,pa9t+ ,outfit4--,a pneumatic
 pa9t+ outfit = f9i%+ "w consi/s        
ess5tially ( an air bru%1 ei!r ( !      
atta*$-conta9] type or ! gun-type )     
sep>ate pa9t tank1 & a small compressor 
( suffici5t capacity to op]ate ! air    

bru%1 :i* c be belt-driv5 f %aft+ or    
direct connect$4 ,an exhau/ hood ) fan1 
= ! removal ( fumes1 is advisable :]e ! 
op]ation is reasonably cont9u\s &       
especially :]e lacqu]s are us$4 ,! pa9t1
 ready = application1 is p\r$ into !    
tank2 & ! compress$ air l9e leads to !  
tank ) a bran* l9e = air & pa9t f ! tank
 to ! nozzle ( ! gun type ( ma*9e2 :ile 
only ! air l9e is requir$ ) !           
atta*$-conta9] type4  ,! air hose us$ is
 #e_/af 9 diamet] :ile ! pa9t or fluid  
hose is ! same size4 ,! pa9t hose is    
made ( a special comp\nd to resi/ !     
action ( ! ?9n]s1 solv5ts1 etc41 us$ 9 !
 pa9t2 & x is important to h ?is        
correct1 s t ! l9+ w n dis9tegrate &    
clog ! air bru% or gun4  ,fig4 #aa %[s a
 five-gallon conta9] type4 ,x w be      
notic$ t ! fluid connection is ne>e/ !  
nozzle & t ! air connection is at !     
bottom ( ! grip4  #cf4 ,special         
,atta*m5ts = ,diff]5t ,surfaces4--,a    
cone nozzle is furni%$ = pa9t+ irregul> 
surfaces & a fan nozzle = wide1 flat "w4

 ,adju/+ & lock+ ! nozzle regulates !   
degree ( atomization4 ,! jets ( ! fan   
nozzle are depress$ to prev5t be+ knock$
 out ( alignm5t4 ,f9al regulation ( !   
fl[ ( mat]ial is made on ! back ( ! gun1
 indep5d5t ( ! pressure on ! mat]ial    
conta9]4 ,a wide v>iety ( adju/m5t is   
possible ) ?is positive regulation4  ,! 
fir/ pull on ! trigg] gives air only1   
:i* c be us$ = du/+ ahead ( ! "w2 & z ! 
trigg] is releas$1 ! air valve closes   
la/1 :i* prev5ts clogg+ & dripp+4 ,:5   
adju/m5ts h be5 made ! trigg] action is 
! only mov+ "p ( ! ma*9e4 ,figs4 #ab &  
#ac %[ ! five-gallon conta9] type 9     
actual use4  #cg4 ,clean+ ,pneumatic    
,ma*9es4--,x is n necess>y to take ! gun
 ap>t nor disconnect ! hose to clean !  
ma*9e4 ,?9n] c be run ?ru ! device )\t  
loss by plac+ a small c ( r$uc] ( ! la/ 
mat]ial us$ 9 ! ma*9e1 & =c+ x ?ru 9 !  
usual mann]4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4  
,a five-gallon air bru% outfit  #ch4    
,directions = ,clean+ ,ma*9e4--,close   
"r-h& ,air ,valve & op5 release valve4  

,unscrew air nozzle a few turns4        
,ob/ruct outlet ) ?umb & pull trigg]4   
,spray+ pressure is ?us =c$ ?ru gun &   
fluid hose & ! mat]ial back$ into !     
conta9]4 ,x is advisable frequ5tly to   
run ?9n] ?ru ! ma*9e z foll[s3 7#a7     
,place small c ( ?9n] 9 c5t] ( conta9]  
directly b5ea? fluid tube4 7#b7 ,replace
 cov] & tight5 w+-nuts4 7#c7 ,close     
left-h& air valve & op5 "r-h& air valve4
 ,pressure on conta9] w =ce ?9n] ?ru !  
ma*9e & clean p]fectly )\t loss4 ,d n   
use spray+ pressure 9 clean+4 ,! ?9n] c 
be us$ aga9 = ei!r clean+ or ?9n+       
purposes4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,us+
 pneumatic pa9t spray]s  #ci4           
,directions = ,op]at+ ,pneumatic        
,equipm5t4--  #a4 ,atta* ma9-l9e air    
hose to air filt]4  #b4 ,atta* fluid    
hose to connection m>k$ ,fluid on tank &
 to ! front connection ne> air nozzle on
 h&-piece4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,a 
five-gallon outfit 9 actual use  #c4    
,atta* air hose to connection m>k$ ,air 
on cov] & to ! h&le connection on       

h&-piece4  #d4 ,?oroly mix & /ra9       
mat]ial s t x is entirely free f sk9s1  
lumps1 & =eign mat]ials4  #e4 ,tight5   
w+-nuts until pa9t conta9] is air-tight4
  #f4 ,see t release valve is clos$4 ,!n
 op5 "r-h& air valve1 turn              
fluid-pressure regulator until gage %[s 
#e lbs4 pressure 9 conta9]4 ,pull trigg]
 & use fluid regulator on gun to control
 ! fl[4 ,if mat]ial is heavy1 increase  
pressure 9 conta9]4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4
 #ad4 ,atta*$ conta9] type ( spray]  #g4
 ,op5 left-h& air valve & turn spray+   
pressure regulator until suffici5t      
pressure 7#e lbs4 to #be lbs471 is      
obta9$ to lay ! mat]ial on4  #h4 ,make  
f9al adju/m5t ( ! fl[ ( mat]ial ) fluid 
regulator on back ( h&-piece & get prop]
 spray by adju/+ ! air nozzle4  #i4     
,spray+ pressure & pressure 9 ! conta9] 
dep5ds ^u ! d5sity ( ! mat]ial us$ & !  
size ( ! surface to be coat$4 ,a little 
exp]im5t+ on ! "p ( ! op]ator w det]m9e 
! be/ pressure to use4 ,:5 ! fan nozzle 
is us$1 #c to #e lbs4 m pressure %\ld be

 appli$ to ! mat]ial conta9] & f #e to  
#h lbs4 m atomiz+ or spray+ pressure    
us$4  ,fig4 #ad %[s a complete atta*$   
conta9] :i* op]ates on id5tically ! same
 pr9ciples z ! type %[n 9 ,fig4 #aa4 ,x 
consi/s ( a #a-a_/b p9t conta9]1 r$uc+  
outfit1 compressor1 & air tank4 ,!      
#a-a_/b p9t conta9] z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ae is
 suppli$ complete ) two fluid tips1     
gasket1 agitator tube1 cup-hold]1 hose  
union1 & six feet ( air hose4  ,! r$uc+ 
outfit 9 ,fig4 #af consi/s ( a          
regulative valve1 an air gage1 & an air 
filt]1 complete ) connections & fitt+s4 
,?is outfit is = ! purpose ( ma9ta9+ an 
ev5 l[ spray+ pressure4  ,regulat$      
pressure is appli$ to ! air-tight       
mat]ial conta9]1 rais+ ! coat+ mat]ial  
to ! nozzle :]e only suffici5t ma9-l9e  
pressure is us$ to lay ! coat+ on4 ,!   
spray+ pressure necess>ily dep5ds on !  
d5sity1 consi/5cy & viscosity ( !       
mat]ial us$4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4  
,a "o & "o-half p9t conta9] & p>ts  ,=  
f9e f9i%+ "w1 :]e ! quantity ( mat]ials 

us$ ea* day is n great1 or :]e ! colors 
are *ang$ frequ5tly1 ! atta*$ conta9]   
type is recomm5d$4  #dj4 ,prep>+        
,colors4--,! ?ree prim>y colors are r$1 
blue & yell[4 ,) ! ?ree prim>y colors at
 h&1 almo/ e v>iety ( color desirable = 
ord9>y use c be easily prep>$4 ,fig4 #ag
 %[s a color *>t4    ,r$ mix$ ) yell[ w 
result 9 orange4   ,r$ mix$ ) blue w    
result 9 purple4   ,yell[ mix$ ) blue w 
result 9 gre54  ,! colors obta9$ by mix+
 any two prim>ies are call$ second>y    
colors4 ,!re= ! second>y colors are     
orange1 purple & gre54  ,orange mix$ )  
purple w result 9 br[n4  ,orange mix$ ) 
gre5 w result 9 olive4  ,purple mix$ )  
gre5 w result 9 slate4  ,! colors obta9$
 by mix+ any two second>ies are call$   
t]ti>y colors4  ,! t]ti>y colors are    
br[n1 olive & slate4  ,( c\rse diff]5t  
tones ( ea* color c be made up by mix+  
unequal proportions4  ,illu/ration3     
,fig4 #af4 ,r$uc+ outfit  ,illu/ration3 
,fig4 #ag4 ,*>t %[+ proportions requir$ 
= /&>d colors     ,,*apt] ,,iii         

,,common ,,woods ,,us$ ,,9 ,,toy ,,mak+ 
#da4 ,economy 9 ,select+                
,mat]ial4--,economic use ( mat]ials %\ld
 be enc\rag$ at all times4 ,toy mak+    
(f]s an excell5t opportunity :]e economy
 may be taught 9 ! mo/ practical way4   
,:]e toys are to be pa9t$1 m ?an "o k9d 
( wood may be us$ 9 ! same toy & !reby  
us+ up small pieces ( wood t w\ld       
o!rwise be call$ scrap4 ,yet1 x is n    
advisable to sacrifice ! /r5g? &        
durability ( ! :ole toy = ! sake ( us+  
up a piece ( scrap wood :i* weak5s !    
p>ticul> "p ( ! toy :]e x is us$4 ,= t1 
9 ! long run1 is n economy4  #db4       
,qualities ( ,diff]5t ,woods ,us$4--,!  
foll[+ are "s ( ! common woods us$ 9 toy
 mak+4  ,maple3 h>d1 f9e gra9$1 compact1
 t\gh1 us$ = :eels1 axles1 h&les1 d[el  
rods1 etc4  ,a%3 :ite1 /rong1 op5 gra9$1
 easily work$2 us$ = bodies ( coa/]s1   
:eels1 axles1 o>s1 etc4  ,oak3 h>d1 firm
 & compact1 /rong & durable1 h>d to "w4 
,bir*3 mod]ately h>d & heavy1 ev5 gra9$2
 difficult to split1 b easily work$4    

,*e/nut3 resembles oak 9 appe>ance1 is  
mu* s(t]1 mod]ately h>d1 c\rse gra9$1 n 
/rong1 b durable4  ,cypress3 mod]ately  
h>d1 v f9e & close gra9$1 virtually     
inde/ructable2 kn[n z ! wood et]nal4    
,basswood3 :ite1 light1 s(t1 t\gh1 clos$
 gra9$1 easily work$1 n /rong1 b        
durable2 us$ = almo/ any "p ( a toy :]e 
mu* /r5g? is n requir$4  ,:ite ,p9e3 v  
light1 s(t1 close & /raight gra9$1      
inf]ior2 easy to "w4  ,yell[ ,p9e1      
yell[i%1 gra9 noticeable1 h>d] ?an :ite 
p9e1 /rong]4  ,tulip 7yell[ popl>73     
light1 s(t1 close & /raight gra9$2 t\gh]
 ?an _m woods equally s(t1 compact1 n v 
/rong or durable1 easily work$4         
,spruce3 /raight gr[+1 light1 /raight & 
ev5 9 gra91 t\gh1 ela/ic1 easy to "w4   
,,*apt] ,,iv  ,,use ,,( ,,jigs ,,&      
,,fixtures   #dc4 ,value ( ,jigs &      
,fixtures4--,! use ( jigs1 fixtures1 &  
o!r labor-sav+ devices is an important  
factor 9 illu/rat+ indu/rial & practical
 applications 9 ! s*ool %op4 ,x is      
advisable to let ea* gr\p ( boys "w out 

its own jig or fixture = ! p>ticul> job 
!y h on h&4  ,! ?ree mo/ common =ms (   
jigs are cutt+ jigs1 bor+ jigs1 &       
assembl+ jigs4 ,! important reasons = ! 
use ( su* devices are3 7#a7 ,!y         
illu/rate ! spe$ ( output 9 %op "w4 7#b7
 ,!y give ! /ud5t a good idea ( ma*9e   
op]ation4 7#c7 ,!y help 9 mak+ ! p>ts   
int]*angeable4 7#d7 ,!y (f] an          
opportunity = gett+ fir/ h& in=mation on
 cutt+ edge tools & _! prop] uses4 7#e7 
,!y %[ ! boy ! value ( ! use ( jigs 9   
factory "w4  ,! toys illu/rat$ 9 ?is    
book h _m simple op]ations1 su* z cutt+ 
/ock to l5g?1 drill+ holes1 surfac+1    
etc41 t c be easily done by ! use ( !   
prop] fixtures4  ,= t reason toys are   
desirable projects to be made by !      
productive plan4 ,fig4 #ah %[s ! use ( a
 jig & ! mit] box4  #dd4 ,cutt+ ,small  
,:eels4--,a circle ( ! desir$ size :eel 
may be laid out on ! wood ) ! aid ( a   
compass1 & cut 9 ! outl9e ) a cop+ saw  
or b& saw4 ,( c\rse1 x w\ld take q a    
long "t by ?is me?od to make ! small    

:eels 9 l>ge quantities & besides !     
result w\ld n be z good z :5 ! :eels are
 made by ma*9e4  #de4 ,turn+            
,:eels4--,ano!r way to produce :eels is 
to turn a cyl9d] to ! requir$ diamet]1  
on ! turn+ la!4 ,!n cut ! cyl9d] on !   
circul> saw into requir$ ?icknesses (   
:eels desir$4 ,?is me?od is recomm5d$ = 
quick "w4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4     
,production ( toys by use ( jigs  ,if x 
is desir$ to r\nd ! end ( :eels !       
op]ation c be done by leav+ ! cyl9d] 9 !
 la! & apply+ ! broad side ( ! skew     
*isel z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cc4 ,! :eels may !n
 be poli%$ ) a clo? aft] !y h be5 s&$ & 
:ile rotat+ 9 ! la! z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cd4  
,9 s&+1 use fir/ a fairly c\rse grade ( 
s&pap]1 ,no4 #a or #a-a_/b & aft]w>ds a 
f9e grade1 ,no4 ,o or ,,oo4 ,be=e apply+
 ! clo? ! wood may be v>ni%$ lightly    
:ile ! la! is n runn+1 tak+ c>e to wipe 
(f all ! surplus v>ni%4 ,! v>ni% w assi/
 9 giv+ ! surface a f9e poli% :5 ! clo? 
is appli$4 ,= fur!r explanations ( ! use
 ( ! turn+ la!1 see ,sec4 #ee4  #df4    

,use ( ,:eel ,cutt]4--,/ill ano!r me?od 
( mak+ small :eels is by use ( ! :eel   
cutt] z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ai4 ,?is :eel cutt]
 may be us$ 9 ! ord9>y bit brace4 ,good 
results may be obta9$ :]e ! :eels are   
made out ( ?91 s(t wood4  ,?is :eel     
cutt] is kn[n on ! m>ket z a lea!r wa%] 
cutt]4 ,if "o _c be obta9$ x c easily be
 made 9 ! s*ool ma*9e %op at a small    
co/4 ,fig4 #bj %[s a draw+ ( a :eel     
cutt]4  ,y w notice t ! blade c be      
adju/$ to cut any diamet] desir$4  #dg4 
,use ( ,cop+ ,saw4--,:]e a b& saw is n  
includ$ 9 ! %op equipm5t1 _m articles   
su* z animal =ms & small :eels c\ld v   
easily be cut out ) a cop+ saw4         
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4 ,:eel cutt] 9  
use  ,a saw bo>d1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ba %\ld
 be fa/5$ to a table top ) an iron      
clamp2 or1 a saw bo>d made to fa/5 9 a  
vise may also be us$4  ,illu/ration3    
,fig4 #bj4 ,details ( a :eel cutt] :i*  
may be made 9 s*ool  ,:5 cutt+ out ! toy
 "p1 ! cop+ saw %\ld be held 9 a v]tical
 position z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bb1 & 9 an     

up-&-d[n motion1 ) %ort fa/ /rokes1     
foll[+ ! outl9e c>efully4 ,cut on ! l9e4
 ,d n press h>d on ! saw = ! blade is v 
?9 & c v easily be brok51 b x %\ld la/ a
 long "t if us$ correctly4              
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4 ,clamp+ ! saw  
bo>d to ! b5*  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4 
,correct me?od ( hold+ cop+ saw  #dh4   
,cutt+ ,%>p ,corn]s4--,:5 cutt+ a %>p   
turn 9 ! wood ) ! cop+ saw1 c>e %\ld be 
tak5 n to twi/ ! saw blade out ( %ape4  
,^u rea*+ ! %>p turn1 cont9ue ! up-&-d[n
 motion1 b )\t do+ any cutt+2 turn !    
wood v sl[ly until y h made ! complete  
turn1 !n cont9ue ) ! saw+ & foll[ ! re/ 
( ! outl9e c>efully4  ,illu/ration3     
,fig4 #bc4 ,remov+ ! saw-blade  #di4    
,remov+ ! ,saw-,blade f ,frame4--,to    
remove ! saw-blade f ! frame1 place !   
head ( ! frame aga9/ ! table top z %[n 9
 ,fig4 #bc4 ,press+ d[n on ! h&le w     
release ! saw-blade4 ,:5 ins]t+ ! blade 
into ! frame ! same me?od may be foll[$1
 be+ c>eful t ! tee? ( ! saw-blade po9t 
t[>d ! h&le ( ! frame4 ,! blade may be  

put 9 ! end or ! side slots ( ! frame1  
us+ ! side slots only :5 ! end slots w n
 s]ve ! purpose4  #ej4 ,mak+ ,heavy     
,:eels4--,9 turn+ heavi] :eels t are to 
be us$ = coa/]s1 kiddie c>s1 etc41 ! "w 
is done ) ! head /ock only1 ! wood be+  
support$ by ! screw-c5t] *uck or face   
plate4  ,9 turn+ ! :eel ! fir/ /ep is ! 
scrap+ cut z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bd4 ,?is cut  
is prop]ly made ) ! concave *isel held 9
 su* a position z to give a light scrap+
 cut4 ,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ n to all[ !  
*isel to ext5d too deeply1 o!rwise !    
mat]ial w *ip ) ! gra94  ,aft] ! desir$ 
circumf]5ce has be5 obta9$ ! surface    
%\ld be work$ to ! desir$ =m z %[n 9    
,fig4 #be4 ,?is is accompli%$ by us+ !  
la! re/1 set at "r angles ) ! b$ or     
p>allel ) ! face plate4 ,! illu/ration 9
 ,fig4 #bf %[s ! use ( ! divid]s 9 m>k+ 
(f ! position ( ! v>i\s corrugations 9 !
 :eel t is be+ turn$4 ,! s&+ %\ld be    
done :ile ! :eel is 9 ! la!4 ,use fir/ a
 fairly c\rse grade ( s& pap] & aft]w>ds
 a f9e grade1 ,no4 ,o or ,,oo4  #ea4    

,designs = ,:eels4--,sugge/ions = wood5 
toy :eels are %[n 9 ,fig4 #bg4 ,^?      
numb]$ #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 & #g are 
pla9 wood5 :eels v>y+ 9 design only4    
,no4 #h & #i are re-en=c$ ) z9c & l>ge  
iron wa%]s4 ,no4 #aj %[s a segm5t ( an  
iron pipe fitt$ 9 ! c5t] ( ! :eel to    
prev5t we>+ away ( mat]ial4 ,no4 #aa %[s
 a spoke :eel4 ,! spokes are made ( d[el
 rods2 ^! fitt+ into a hub t c easily be
 turn$ out on ! la!4 ,no4 #ac %[s a :eel
 built 9 segm5ts :i* is !n cut out on ! 
b& saw to resemble a /&>d spoke :eel4 ,!
 rim is #a_/h /eel1 fa/5$ to spokes ) v 
small rivets4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4 
,mak+ heavy :eels4 ,! scrap+ cut  #eb4  
,cutt+ ,:eels on ,b&-,saw4--,a circle ( 
! requir$ size :eel may be m>k$ (f on ! 
wood ) a compass1 !n cut 9 ! outl9e on !
 b&-saw4 ,?is me?od w leave squ>e corn]s
 & w be m or less out ( tru? ) ! c5t] ( 
! :eel4 ,to true up & smoo? ! outside ( 
! :eel ! la! atta*m5t z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bh 
c be easily prep>$4 ,?is atta*m5t       
consi/s ( a block ,a fa/5$ to ! la! b$ )

 a s+le bolt1 & a /op ,b fa/5$ to ! upp]
 face ( ! block ,a4 ,! c>riage ,c is a  
loose piece ! same ?ickness z ! /op ,b &
 is provid$ ) a d[el rod to fit ! c5tral
 hole 9 ! :eel4 ,?is d[el rod is s      
locat$ t :5 ! edge ( ! c>riage ,c is    
tight aga9/ ! edge ( ! /op ,d1 ! di/ance
 f ! c5t] ( ! d[el rod to ! face ( !    
abrasive mat]ial on ! disk1 w be equal  
to ! radius ( ! f9i%$ :eel4             
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4 ,smoo?+ ! side 
( :eels  ,! wood is cut out on ! b& saw 
a scant #a_/af ov]-size 9 diamet]1 & is 
!n plac$ on ! d[el rod 9 ! c>riage ,c   
:i* is held flat on block ,a :ile ! edge
 ( ! blank is br\ght 9 contact ) ! gr9d+
 disc face by pu%+ ! c>riage =w>d ) !   
left h& :ile ! blank is sl[ly revolv$ ) 
! "r4 ,?is gr9d+ is cont9u$ until !     
edges ( /op ,b & c>riage ,c w rema9 9   
contact dur+ a complete revolution ( !  
:eel blank4 ,dur+ ?is gr9d+ process1 !  
c>riage %\ld be mov$ back & =? f ! edge 
to ! c5t] ( ! gr9d+ disc s t ! we> on ! 
abrasive mat]ial may be equaliz$4       

,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4 ,us+ divid]s to
 m>k = cuts  ,a simil> device us$ =     
*amf]+ ! edges ( ! blanks is also %[n 9 
,fig4 #bh1 z x looks :5 view$ f ! front 
( ! la!4 ,! prec$+ description w suffice
 = ?is z ! same sy/em ( lett]+ has be5  
us$4 ,x diff]s only 9 t block ,a is made
 to set at an angle ( #de degrees in/ead
 ( be+ level4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4 
,_m ways ( mak+ :eels = toys            
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bh4 ,simple        
atta*m5ts :i* may be made = la!  ,gr9d+ 
discs may be made ei!r ( metal or wood4 
,metal is pref]able b a h>dwood disc    
fa/5$ to a metal face plate w answ] v   
well4 ,!re are _m me?ods ( fa/5+ !      
abras+ mat]ial to ! disc b ! mo/        
conv5i5t way is by ! use ( /ick belt    
dress+4 ,! disc is coat$ ) dress+ by    
hold+ ! /ick aga9/ x z x revolves & !   
abrasive is appli$ be=e ! dress+ has    
set4 ,a pair ( divid]s or trammels is   
us$ to cut ! abrasive mat]ial to ! same 
diamet] z ! disc & x %\ld be w>m$ on !  
uncoat$ side be=e x is appli$4 ,x /icks 

tightly to ! disc b is easily remov$ &  
replac$ ) fre% mat]ial 9 a few m9utes4  
#ec4 ,bor+ ,holes 9 ,:eels4--,! c5t]    
holes 9 :eels may be bor$ ) bit & brace1
 b bett] results are obta9$ if ! holes  
are bor$ 9 ! la!4 ,a drill *uck fitt$ to
 ! live sp9dle & a drill+ pad = ! tail  
/ock sp9dle w be requir$ to d ?is job   
effici5tly4 ,! tail /ock is lock$ fa/ & 
! :eel to be drill$ is plac$ aga9/ !    
drill+ pad & f$ up to ! revolv+ bit by  
turn+ ! tail sp9dle fe$ :eel4 ,?is me?od
 w produce a clean] hole & "o t is squ>e
 ) ! :eel face4     ,,*apt] ,v          
,,op]ation ,,( ,,woodwork+ ,,ma*9es     
#ed4 ,importance ( ,ma*9e               
,op]ations4--,a fair und]/&+ ( :at is ! 
correct position to take at "s ( !      
pr9cipal ma*9es su* z ! la!1 univ]sal   
saw1 jo9t]1 & s&]1 is v important to !  
/ud5t 9 ! wood-work+ dep>tm5t4 ,su* k is
 ( special importance to ! "o engag$ 9  
toy mak+1 :]e e k ( use ( ma*9es1 is put
 to ! te/4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi4 ,! 
r\gh+ cut  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cj4 ,!  

siz+ cut  ,suffici5t examples are giv5  
to enable ! /ud5t to arrive at a fair   
und]/&+ ( ! correct po/ures4  #ee4      
,op]at+ ! ,la!4--,! la! is p]haps "o ( !
 mo/ important ma*9es us$ 9 toy mak+4 ,x
 l5ds itself to unlimit$ v>ieties ( "w &
 = t reason is really indisp5sible 9 !  
%op4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca4 ,! p>+   
cut  ,9 ,fig4 #bi ! /ud5t is prep>+ to  
take ! r\gh+ cut 9 turn+ a cyl9d]4 ,?is 
op]ation consi/s ( remov+ ! corn]s ( !  
squ>e piece & is done ) ! tool kn[n z ! 
g\ge4  ,aft] ! r\gh+ cut has be5 tak51  
calip]s set to ! diamet] desir$ w       
det]m9e ! dep? ( ! next cut1 siz+ cut4  
,! illu/ration 9 ,fig4 #cj %[s ! /ud5t  
p]=m+ ?is op]ation ) ! cut-(f tool4     
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cb4 ,us+ ! cut-(f  
tool  ,:5 ! correct dim5sion has be5    
f\nd1 ! next /ep 9 ! process ( turn+ a  
cyl9d] is ! p>+ cut or f9i%+ cut1 ,fig4 
#ca4 ,?is is done ) ! skew or bevel     
*isel4 ,a v ?9 %av+ is remov$ by ?is    
op]ation4  ,! ends are !n cut by us+ !  
cut-(f tool z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cb4 ,x is    

m]ely tak+ a slice (f ! end4 ,if a v ?9 
slice is to be remov$1 x is usually made
 by ! long po9t ( ! skew *isel4 ,if x is
 m ?an a qu>t] ( an in* x %\ld be siz$ &
 !n remov$ by ! skew4  ,illu/ration3    
,fig4 #cc4 ,mak+ convex surfaces  ,if x 
is desir$ to r\nd ! end ( a piece or to 
produce a convex surface ! op]ation c be
 done by apply+ ! broad side ( ! skew   
*isel1 z 9 ,fig4 #cc4  #ef4 ,face ,plate
 ,turn+4--,! prec$+ p>agraphs describe !
 process ( turn+ :5 ! piece is support$ 
betwe5 ! live & ! dead c5t]s4 ,!        
processes %[n 9 ,figs4 #bd1 #be & #bf1  
illu/rate ! "* ( ! "w done ) ! head /ock
 only :5 ! piece is support$ by !       
screw-c5t] *uck or face plate4          
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cd4 ,poli%+ wood 9 
la!  ,! fir/ /ep 9 face plate turn+ is !
 scrap+ cut1 ,fig4 #bd4 ,?is cut is     
prop]ly made ) ! concave *isel held 9   
su* a position z to give a light scrap+ 
cut4 ,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ n to all[ !   
*isel to ext5d too deeply1 o!rwise !    
mat]ial w *ip ) ! gra94 ,aft] ! desir$  

circumf]5ce has be5 obta9$ ! surface    
%\ld be smoo!d ) ! skew *isel4          
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ce4 ,cutt+ (f /ock 
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cf4 ,flut+ on      
circul> saw  ,fig4 #be %[s ! /ud5t      
model+ a rosette1 us+ ! re/1 set at "r  
angles ) ! b$ or p>allel ) ! face plate4
 ,prior to ! model+ a %e>+ cut %\ld be  
tak5 ) ! skew *isel to face (f ! mat]ial
 to an ev5 surface4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4
 #cg4 ,cutt+ ) special f5ce  ,!         
illu/ration 9 ,fig4 #bf %[s ! use ( !   
divid]s4 ,! /ud5t is m>k+ (f to a uni=m 
scale ! position ( ! v>i\s corrugations 
9 ! rosette he is turn+4  #eg4 ,!       
,univ]sal ,saw4--,! op]ations t c be    
p]=m$ on ! univ]sal saw are s _m t no   
attempt w be made to illu/rate !m all   
"h4 ,b en\gh are giv5 to %[ ! *>act]i/ic
 op]ations involv$ 9 cross-cutt+1 ripp+1
 & dado+1--! ?ree basic uses ( a circul>
 saw4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ch4 ,groov+1
 or ripp+ special "w  ,x is a m dang]\s 
tool ?an ! la! & ! gu>d %\ld be kept ov]
 ! saw at all times1 except ( c\rse1 9  

dado+ :5 x c n be us$4  ,figs4 #ce1 #cf1
 #cg1 #ch1 #ci1 illu/rate ! basic uses (
 a circul> saw4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4    
#ci4 ,cutt+ segm5ts  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4
 #dj4 ,surfac+ bo>d on jo9t]  #eh4 ,!   
,h& ,jo9t]4--,! great v>iety ( "w t c be
 done on a h& jo9t] dep5ds v l>gely ^u !
 k & skill ( ! op]ator4 ,x l5ds itself  
to s _m op]ations1 t ! /ud5t ga9s mu* 9 
k & effici5cy4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #da4
 ,cutt+ bevels on jo9t]  ,! five        
op]ations %[n 9 ,figs4 #dj1 #da1 #db1   
#dc & #dd1 give a fair idea ( ! scope ( 
"w t is usually accompli%$ on a h& jo9t]
 & %[ some?+ ( ! me?od by :i* ! "w %\ld 
be done4  ,! jo9t] is ano!r tool :]e !  
use ( ! gu>d %\ld nev] be omitt$4  #ei4 
,! ,s&]4--,! s&] is an int]e/+ ma*9e 9 !
 s*ool %op = on x consid]able =m+ c be  
done z ) ! la!1 al?o its prime use is to
 make smoo? or poli%4  ,illu/ration3    
,fig4 #db4 ,jo9t+ ! edge  ,9 ,fig4 #de !
 boy at ! left is =m+ a mitre :ile ! "o 
on ! "r is smoo?+ surface4              
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dc4 ,rabett+ on !  

jo9t]  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dd4 ,cutt+  
mit] jo9ts  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #de4 ,! 
ma*9e s&] 9 op]ation     ,,"p ,,ii4     
,,draw+s ,,= ,,toys       ,illu/ration3 
,,plate #a   ,,fox & ,,geese ,,game     
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #b   ,,r+ ,,toss  
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #c   ,,baby',s    
,,c>t     ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #d      
,,hay ,,c>t     ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #e
   ,horse ,head     ,illu/ration3       
,,plate #f   ,,horse ,,on ,,:eels   ,=  
,milk ,wagon     ,illu/ration3 ,,plate  
#g   ,,kido ,,k> ,,trail]               
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #h   ,,auto       
,,road/]     ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #i   
,,auto ,,rac]     ,illu/ration3 ,,plate 
#aj   ,,pass5g] ,,c>     ,illu/ration3  
,,plate #aa   ,,milk ,,wagon            
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ab   ,,table     
,toy ,furniture ,= ,doll ,h\se          
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ac   ,,*air &    
,,rock]   ,toy ,furniture ,= ,doll ,h\se
     ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ad          
,,buffet   ,toy ,furniture ,= ,doll     
,h\se     ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ae     

,,toy ,,:eel-,,b>r[     ,illu/ration3   
,,plate #af   ,,horse ,,b>r[            
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ag   ,,doll',s   
,,c>riage     ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ah 
,,noah',s ,,ark     ,illu/ration3       
,,plate #ai   ,,bean ,,bag ,,game ,,bo>d
     ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bj          
,,*ild',s ,,sw+ #a     ,illu/ration3    
,,plate #ba   ,,*ild',s ,,sw+ #b        
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bb   ,,doll',s   
,,b$     ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bc      
,,doll',s ,,b$     ,illu/ration3 ,,plate
 #bd   ,,adju/able ,,/ilts              
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #be   ,,scoot]    
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bf   ,,/e]+      
,,coa/]     ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bg   
,,kido ,,k>  ,,details     ,illu/ration3
 ,,plate #bh   ,,kid ,,k> ,,junior      
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bi   ,,pony ,,k> 
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #cj   ,,duplex    
,,spe$/]     ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ca  
,,rock-,a-,,doodle     ,illu/ration3    
,,plate #cb   ,,sl$     ,illu/ration3   
,,plate #cc   ,/urdy ,fly] ,sl$         
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #cd   ,,ducky     

,,loo     ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ce     
,,duck ,,rock]     ,illu/ration3 ,,plate
 #cf   ,,jitney     ,illu/ration3       
,,plate #cg   ,,junior ,,road/]         
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ch   ,details (  
,,junior ,,road/]     ,illu/ration3     
,,plate #ci   ,,s5ior ,,coa/]  ,,details
     ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #dj          
,,details ,,( ,,s5ior ,,coa/]           
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #da   ,,auto-,,k> 
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #db   ,,moto-,,k> 
,,*oo-,,*oo-,,k>     ,illu/ration3      
,,plate #dc   ,teett]-,tott]            
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #dd   ,,teet]     
,,rock]     ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #de   
,,*eck] ,,bo>d     ,illu/ration3 ,,plate
 #df   ,,*ild',s ,,co/um]               
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #dg   ,,baby',s   
,,*air     ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #dh    
,,*ildr5',s ,,s& ,,box     ,illu/ration3
 ,,plate #di   ,,s& ,,box #b            
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ej   ,,doll',s   
,,h\se-#a     ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ea 
,,doll',s ,,h\se-#b     ,illu/ration3   
,,plate #eb   ,,doll',s ,,h\se-#b       

,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ec   ,,dumb      
,,bell   ,,indian ,,club                
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ed   ,,bats      
,,index   ,a    ,auto k>1 ,plate #da1   
#ajd    ,auto rac]1 ,plate #i1 #gb      
,auto ,road/]1 ,plate #h1 #ga   ,b      
,bats1 base ball1 ,plate #ed1 #aag      
,baza>s1 toy sales1 etc41 #ai    ,b$1   
doll's1 ,plates #bb1 #bc1 #he1 #hf      
,bor+ holes 9 :eels1 #ec    ,bru%es1 c>e
 (1 #ca    ,buffet1 ,plate #ad1 #gg   ,c
    ,c>1 baby's1 ,plate #cf1 #ii    ,c>1
 pass5g]1 ,plate #aj1 #gc    ,c>s1 auto1
 motor1 *oo-*oo1 ,plates #da1 #db1 #ajd1
 #aje    ,c>t1 baby's1 ,plate #c1 #ff   
,c>t1 hay1 ,plate #d1 #fg    ,c>riage1  
dolls1 ,plate #ag1 #hj    ,*air  rock]1 
,plate #ac1 #gf    ,*air1 baby's1 ,plate
 #dg1 #aaj    ,*eck] bo>d1 ,plate #de1  
#ajh    ,*eck1 cr$it1 ,fig4 #g1 #bj     
,coa/]s1 ,plates #bf1 #cg1 #ci1 #hi1    
#aja1 #ajc    ,color+ toys1 #ba         
,sanitation emphasiz$1 #ba              
,prep>ation ( surfaces1 #ba             
,application ( wat] colors1 #ba         

,anal9e wat] /a9s1 #bb     ,=mulas =    
anal9e wat] /a9s1 #bb     ,oil /a9s1 #bc
     ,%ellack+1 #bc     ,v>ni%+1 #bc    
,po9ts on v>ni%+1 #bd     ,color v>ni%1 
#bd     ,use ( pa9t1 #bd     ,dipp+     
me?od1 #bh1 #cj     ,poli%+ by tumbl+1  
#ca     ,pa9t application by compress$  
air1 #ca    ,colors1 prep>+1 #ci        
,color *>t1 ,fig4 #ag1 #da    ,cont5ts1 
,table (1 #e    ,cop+ saw1 use (1 #de   
,correlation1 #g    ,co/um]1 *ild's1    
,plate #df1 #aji   ,d    ,doll's h\se1  
,plates #ej1 #ea1 #eb1 #aac1 #aad1 #aae 
,dipp+ frame1 #bi    ,draw+s = toys1 #fc
    ,dumb bell1 ,plate #ec1 #aaf   ,e   
,enamel+1 #bg   ,f    ,=em51 %op1 #aa   
,fox  geese game1 ,plate #a1 #fd        
,furniture1 doll1 #ge1 #gf1 #gg   ,g    
,game bo>d1 ,bean ,bag1 ,plate #ai1 #hb 
,game bo>d1 ,fox  ,geese1 ,plate #a1 #fd
    ,grad+ /ud5ts1 #ag   ,h    ,horse   
head1 ,plate #e1 #fh    ,horse on :eels1
 ,plate #f1 #fi    ,h\se1 doll's1       
,plates #ej1 #ea1 #eb1 #aac1 #aad1 #aae 
,i    ,indian club1 ,plate #ec1 #aaf    

,j    ,jigs  fixtures1 #dc    ,jo9t]1   
h&1 #ei   ,k    ,kiddie k>s1 ,plates    
#bg1 #bh1 #bi1 #ij1 #ia1 #ib   ,l       
,la!1 op]at+ !1 #ed1 #ee1 #ef1 #eg   ,m 
,ma*9es1 op]at+ ( woodwork+1 #ed   ,n   
,noah's ark1 ,plate #ah1 #ha   ,o       
,organization1 plan = %op1 #aa   ,p     
,pa9t1 use (1 #bd     ,+r$i5ts (1 #bd   
,application1 #be     ,prep>ation (     
surface1 #be     ,t9t+ mat]ials1 #be    
,mix+1 #be     ,=mulas1 #bf     ,=mulas 
= t9t$ pa9t1 #bf     ,enamel+1 #bg      
,plan = %op organization1 #aa     ,gr\p+
 /ud5ts1 #aa     ,"t cl]k1 #ac          
,tool-room cl]k1 #ac     ,record+       
att5dance1 #ad     ,"t-c>d rack1 #ad    
,"t c>ds1 #ae     ,grad+ /ud5ts1 #ag    
,accompli%m5t %eet1 #ah     ,prep>ation 
= %op "w1 #ai    ,pneumatic equipm5t1   
#cf    ,preface1 #c    ,productive "w1  
#aa   ,r    ,r+ toss1 ,plate #b1 #fe    
,rock+ *air1 ,plate #ac1 #gf    ,rock]1 
duck1 ,plate #ce1 #ih    ,rock]1 ducky  
loo1 ,plate #cd1 #ig    ,rock-a-doodle1 
,plate #ca1 #id   ,s    ,s& box1 ,plates

 #dh1 #di1 #aaa1 #aab    ,s&]1 #fj1 #fb 
,saw1 univ]sal1 #eh    ,scoot]1 ,plate  
#be1 #hh    ,sl$s1 ,plates #cb1 #cc1    
#ie1 #if    ,spray]1 pneumatic air1 #ca1
 #cc1 #cd    ,spray]1 directions =      
op]at+1 #cf    ,spe$/]1 duplex1 ,plate  
#cj1 #ic    ,/a91 oil1 #bc    ,/a91     
anal9e wat]1 #bb    ,/ilts1 adju/able1  
,plate #bd1 #hg    ,sugge/ions to       
tea*]s1 #g    ,sw+1 *ild's1 ,plates #bj1
 #ba1 #hc1 #hd   ,t    ,table = doll    
h\se1 ,plate #ab1 #ge    ,teet]-tott]1  
,plate #dc1 #ajf    ,teet]-rock]1 ,plate
 #dd1 #ajg    ,"t cl]k1 #ac    ,"t c>ds1
 #ae    ,tool-room cl]k1 #ac    ,toy    
sales1 #ai    ,trail]1 kido-k>1 ,plate  
#g1 #gj    ,tumbl]1 draw+ (1 #cb        
,tumbl+1 poli%+ by1 #ca1 #cb   ,v       
,v>ni%+1 #bc    ,v>ni%1 color$1 #bd     
,v>ni%+1 po9ts on1 #bd   ,w    ,wagon1  
milk1 ,plate #aa1 #gd    ,wat] colors1  
#ba    ,wax poli%+1 #ca    ,:eel-b>r[1  
toy1 ,plate #ae1 #gh    ,:eel-b>r[1     
horse design1 ,plate #af1 #gi    ,:eel  
cutt]1 #de1 #df    ,:eels1 cutt+ small1 

#dc    ,:eels1 designs1 ,fig4 #bg1 #di1 
#ea    ,:eels1 turn+1 #dc    ,woods us$ 
9 toy mak+1 #db