,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,la/ ,,trial ,,by 
,,jury ,,= ,,a!ism ,,9 ,,engl&3  ,a     
,fragm5t ( ,autobiography  ,submitt$ ,= 
,! ,p]usal ,( ,h] ,maje/y's             
,attorney-,g5]al ,& ,! ,briti% ,cl]gy4  
,by ,george ,jacob ,holyoake  ,i 0      
pres5t 9 ! c\rt1 to witness ! trial (   
,george ,jacob ,holyoake4 ,i he>d ,wool]
 & ,hone def5d !mselves successfully 9  
#ahag2 b ,i w\ld pref] to be decl>$     
guilty ) ,holyoake to be+ acquitt$ on ! 
gr\nd ( ,wool] & ,hone4--,ri*>d ,c>lile4
  ,,london3 ,,james ,,watson1 #c1       
,,que5',s ,,head ,,passage1  ,,pat]no/] 
,,r[4 #ahej4  ,,to  ,,william ,,john    
,,bir*1 ,m4,a41  ,,( ,,new ,,inn ,,hall1
 ,,oxon4  ,,9 ,,:om ,,free ,,discussion 
,,has ,,f\nd  ,,an ,,accompli%$ ,,def5d]
 ,,& ,,munific5t ,,fri5d2  ,,:o ,,0     
,,fir/ ,,to ,,help ,,u  ,,:5 ,a ,,fri5d 
,,is ,,twice ,a ,,fri5d1  ,,:5 ,,we ,,7 
,,unkn[n ,,& ,,/ruggl+2  ,,?is ,,hi/ory 
,,( ,,six ,,mon?s ,,imprisonm5t         
,,preface4  ,! ev5ts1 m ?an half ( :i*  
are newly n>rat$ 9 ?is ',hi/ory1' are   

recit$ f recollection4 ,x is n pret5d$ t
 all ! conv]sations took place ) !      
brevity ) :i* !y are giv5 "h4 ,9 ! lapse
 ( eight ye>s !re is mu* :i* ,i mu/ h   
=gott52 b :at ,i h told ,i di/9ctly     
rememb]1 & ! actors liv+ w n1 ,i ?9k1   
contradict x4  ,z1 by a cr$itable       
improvem5t 9 ,engli% law1 ! recomm5cem5t
 ( prosecutions = 7ir7religi\s op9ion c 
orig9ate ) ! ,attorney-,g5]al alone1 ,i 
h v5tur$ to hope t1 if ?is n>rative %\ld
 fall into ! h&s ( t (fic] = ! "t be+1 x
 may pres5t "s reasons to him :y ?is    
',la/ ,trial by ,jury = ,a!ism' %\ld be 
! la/4  ,!re are "s passages 9 ^!       
,fragm5ts ov] :i* "s w be sad ) me4     
,o!rs w assume !m to be writt5 = effect2
 = su*1 let me say1 !y 7 n writt5 at    
all4 ,^! pages w leave me = ! press )   
mu* m pleasure if ,i c believe t no "o w
 connect !m ) me1 b read !m z a po/hum\s
 record ( bygone ev5ts4 ,at times ,i    
?\ght ,i w\ld omit all incid5ts ( feel+2
 b ,i felt1 t if ,i did s ! n>rative    
w\ld n repres5t ! :ole 7p]sonal7 tru? ( 

^! proce$+s--&1 z !y /&1 !y may s]ve to 
sugge/ to "s a d\bt ( ! correctness ( ! 
(t-repeat$ dictum ( ! ,rev4 ,rob]t      
,hall1 t ',a!ism is a bloody & a f]oci\s
 sy/em1 :i* f9ds no?+ above u to excite 
awe1 nor ar\nd u to awak5 t5d]ness4'    
,:e!r ^! are suffici5t reasons = !      
purpose1 ,i "k n2 b ?is ,i "k--!y are ! 
true ones4 ,z ,i v mu* dislike be+ an   
object ( pity1 ^? w mu* mi/ake me :o    
suppose t ?is n>rative has be5 writt5 to
 excite x4 ,9 my e/imation1 imprisonm5t 
0 a matt] ( consci5ce4 ,i nei!r provok$ 
prosecution nor %rank f x2 & ,i am n[ z 
f> f desir+ x z ,i tru/ ,i ev] %all be f
 fe>+ x4 ,i d n pret5d to despise public
 approval1 b ,i ?9k x %\ld be reg>d$ z a
 cont+5t rew>d1 n z ! sole motive (     
action2 = he :o only works :ile ! public
 7always fickle 9 memory7 c>e to rememb]
 him1 is animat$ by a v prec>i\s        
patriotism4 ,z ,i h once1 be=e said1 x  
is an enc\ragem5t to me t o!rs may pr(it
 by any public pr9ciple ,i may assi/ 9  
ma9ta9+3 b my int]e/ 9 x is p]sonal     

also4 ,?\gh no "o else desir$ fre$om1 x 
is en\gh = me t ,i desire x2 & ,i w\ld  
ma9ta9 ! conflict = x1 z be/ ,i c\ld1   
?\gh no "o else c>$ ab\t x2 &1 z ,i     
*oose to make ! pur*ase1 ,i d n higgle  
ab\t ! price4 ,tyranny has its soldi]s1 
& :y n ,fre$om8 ,:ile ?\s&s daily p]i%  
at ! %r9e ( passion1 :at is ! pa9 ( a   
sacrifice n[ & !n = public pr9ciple or  
p]sonal fre$om8  ,g4 ,j4 ,h4     ,,!    
,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,la/ ,,trial ,,by     
,,jury ,,= ,,a!ism4    ,,*apt]          
,i4--,,be=e ,,! ,,imprisonm5t4  ,t day  
is *ill$ 9 my memory :5 ,i fir/ set out 
= ,*elt5ham4 ,x 0 9 ,decemb] #ahdj4 ,!  
sn[ _h be5 froz5 on ! gr\nd a =tnight4  
,!re 7 ?ree ( u1 ,mrs4 ,holyoake1       
,madel9e 7our fir/ *ild71 & myself4 ,i  
_h be5 resid+ 9 ,worce/]1 :i* 0 ! fir/  
/ation to :i* ,i _h be5 appo9t$ z a     
,social ,mission>y4 ,my sal>y 7#afs4 p] 
week7 0 b>ely suffici5t to keep u alive 
9 summ]4 ,9 w9t] x 0 inh]5t ob/9acy     
alone :i* made u believe t we exi/$4 ,i 
feel n[ ! fi]ce bla/ :i* came 9 at !    

tra9 w9d[s f '! fields ( ,tewkesbury1'  
on ! day on :i* we travell$ f ,worce/]  
to ,*elt5ham4 ,! int5se cold wrapp$ u   
r\nd l a cloak ( ice4  ,! %op lights    
?rew _! r$ gl>e ov] ! sn[-b$d$ gr\nd z  
we ent]$ ! t[n ( ,*elt5ham1 & no?+ b !  
drift & ourselves mov$ ?r\gh ! des]t$   
/reets4 ,:5 at la/ we f\nd a fire we _h 
to wait to ?aw be=e we c\ld beg9 to     
speak4 ,:5 tea 0 ov] we 7-escort$ to !  
h\se :]e we 7 to /ay = ! night4 ,i 0    
told x 0 'a fri5d's h\se4' ,*elt5ham is 
a fa%ionable t[n1 a wat]+1 visit+ place1
 :]e ev]y?+ is g5teel & ?94 ,z ! p>l\rs 
( "s prud5t h\se-wives are kept = %[1 & 
n to sit 91 s 9 ,*elt5ham num]\s h\ses  
are kept 'to be let1' & n to live 94 ,! 
p :o belong to ! ap>tm5ts are l !       
sup]num]>ies on a /age1 !y are employ$ 9
 walk+ ov] !m4 ,_! clo!s are dec5t--b !y
 _c prop]ly be said to we> !m3 !y c>ry  
!m ab\t ) !m 7on _! backs ( c\rse1      
because t mode is mo/ conv5i5t7 b simply
 to %[ t !y h su* ?+s4 ,9 ! same mann]  
eat+ & dr9k+ is p>tly pantomime1 & n a  

receiv$ reality4 ,su* a h\se z ,i h     
sugge/$ 0 ! 'fri5d's h\se' to :i* we 7  
conduct$ till lodg+s c\ld be f\nd4 ,we 7
 ask$ to sit by ! kit*5 fire on '! b5* 9
 ! corn]1' & !re we sat f eight till "o 
o'clock1 )\t be+ ask$ to take any?+ to  
eat4 ,madel9e1 depriv$ ( h] usual re/1  
cont9u$ suck+ at ! brea/ till h] "m 0   
lit]ally too exhau/$ to speak4 ,a       
neighb\r+ fe/ivity kept my 'fri5ds' up t
 night till two o'clock--up to :i* "t we
 saw no prospect ( b$ or supp]4 ,z we   
ent]$ ! h\se1 ,eleanor1 ) a woman's     
presci5ce1 said ',george1 y _h bett] g &
 buy "s food4' ',buy food1' ,i repli$1 9
 simplicity1 '! p at ?is f9e h\se w be  
outrag$ to see me br+ 9 food4'          
,retribution 0 n f> (f4 ,i rep5t$ me (  
my cr$ulity t night4 ,:5 at la/ ,i      
cle>ly compreh5d$ t we 7 to h no?+ to   
eat1 ,i proce$$ to take affairs into my 
own h&s1 & be+ too well assur$ ( !      
ins5sibility ( my ho/1 ,i did x 9 a way 
t ,i conceiv$ suit$ to 8 capacity1 &    
began z foll[s3  ',we h talk$ all night 

ab\t social progress1 & if y h no       
objection we w make "s4 ,& if eat+1' ,i 
add$1 'be n an irregul> ?+ 9 y\r h\se1  
we w take "s supp]4'  ',i am v sorry to 
say1' he answ]$1 'we h no?+ to (f] y4'  
',*>ge me b$ & bo>d :ile we are ) y1' ,i
 rejo9$1 'b let u h bo?4 ,y h bread1 ,i 
suppose8'  ',we h "s rice bread4'       
',p]haps y w toa/ x4' ',w y h x toa/$8  
',i w4 ,c\ld y n make c(fee8'  ',we h no
 c(fee4'  ',tea8'  ',we h no tea4' ',any
 wat]8'  ',no hot wat]4'  ',any butt]8' 
',yes1 we h salt butt]4'  ',!n put "s on
 ! bread1' ,i add$1 = he did n ev5      
propose to d t4 ,i _h to dispute e in* (
 hospitality ) him4 ,my 'fri5d1' ,mr4   
,v41 0 an in/ance ( t misplacem5t ( :i* 
,plato speaks 9 8 ',republic' ,:at a    
capital ,cons]vative he w\ld h made6 ,no
 innovation ) him--n ev5 into 8 own     
loaf6 ,i 0 oblig$ to take ! initiative  
into ! 'salt' butt]4  ,aft] see+ ! bread
 toa/$1 & butt]+ x myself1 to make sure 
t x 0 butt]$1 ,i put on my hat & w5t    
into ! /reets1 9 se>* ( mat]ial out (   

:i* to manufacture a cordial1 = eight   
h\rs _h !n elaps$ s9ce ,eleanor _h _h   
any su/5ance1 & my good ho/'s *oice     
res]ve ( cold wat] did n seem q adequate
 to revive h]4  ,:5 ,i rea*$ ! d>k      
/reets1 to :i* ,i 0 s absolute a /rang]1
 n kn[+ :]e ,i /ood on ! slipp]y gr\nd1 
made s by froz5 ra9 on a b$d+ ( sn[1 ,i 
_h n gone 7or r slipp$7 f> be=e ,i 0    
fairly lo/4 ,l ! s5se 9 a ,r\sseauian   
love-lett]1 ,i nei!r knew :5ce ,i came  
nor :i!r ,i 0 go+1 & :5 ,i succe$$ 9 my 
err& x 0 at ! la/ place at :i* ,i %\ld  
wi% to be f\nd4  ,dur+ my abs5ce t      
voluptu\s cat]]1 'm9e ho/1' :om ,i _h   
left beh9d--^: c\nt]p>t ,mag9n mu/ h _h 
be=e him :5 he drew ! portrait (        
',qu>antotti'--_h proce$$ s f> z to boil
 "s wat]4 ,! ev5+ end$ )\t inconsi/5cy1 
& ! b$ correspond$ ) ! supp]4  ,! next  
day ,i took lodg+s1 :]e1 expect+ no?+1  
,i 0 no long] disappo9t$4 ,b on ?is     
occasion1 pr(it+ by ! exp]i5ce ( !      
prec$+ night1 ,i w5t provid$ ) a small  
/ock ( loaves & *ocolate4 ,my /ay 9     

,*elt5ham 0 m agreeable ?an 0 to be     
expect$ aft] su* an introduction2 b ,i  
rememb] t ,i _h to pay my exp5ses back  
aga91 & ?\gh !y only am\nt$ to #abs41 ,i
 felt ! want ( !m = a long "t aft]w>ds4 
,yet ,*elt5ham 0 n )\t g5]\s p>tizans1  
b1 z is common 9 ! incipi5cy ( op9ion1  
!y 7 at t "t among t class :o _h fewe/  
means4 ,! exp]i5ce "h rec\nt$ 0 a sample
 ( t frequ5tly recurr+1 b n exactly ( ! 
k9d on :i* vanity is nurtur$1 z ! read] 
w ?9k z he rev]ts 7f a spee* to be      
recit$7 to ^! incid5ts4 ,he :o reads ?us
 f> w acquit me ( any prem$itation (    
di/urb+ ! peace ( ! religi\s inhabitants
 ( ,*elt5ham1 = x is c]ta9ly ! la/ t[n  
,i %\ld h select$ z ! sc5e ( su* an     
occurr5ce z ! "o :i* ,i h to n>rate4    
,my next location 0 9 a nor!rn          
manufactur+ t[n1 :]e ,i 0 treat$ l its  
iron-w>e--case h>d5$4 ,my sal>y !re (   
#cjs4 p] week 0 a subject ( frequ5t     
discussion by ! memb]s ( ! ,bran*4 ,=   
?is sum ,i taught a ,day ,s*ool &       
lectur$ on ,sunday4 ,& z he :o lives !  

life ( a *ild all ! week 7z he mu/ d :o 
tea*es *ildr5 to any purpose7 f9ds x h>d
 to live t ( a man on ,sunday1 my duties
 7 we>y+ & p]plex+4 ,^? :o grudg$ my    
sal>y made no suffici5t all[ance = t    
application necess>y = ! dis*>ge ( my   
duties--an application :i* (t5 comm5c$  
long be=e !y 7 up 9 ! morn+1 & cont9u$  
long aft] _! me*anical employm5t 0 ov]  
at night4 ,n compreh5d+ myself1 at t "t1
 t !y :o "w = ! improvem5t ( o!rs mu/ n 
calculate on _! appreciation z an       
enc\ragem5t1 b z a result1 ,i 0 ?r[n    
into t unpleasant /ate 9 :i* my pride   
incit$ me to /op & my duty to g on4 ,x 0
 n till subsequ5t to my return f        
,glasg[1 f\r ye>s aft]w>ds1 t ,i ma/]$ !
 problem ?us rais$ :i* s _m h be5 ru9$ 9
 solv+4 ,?\gh an ,anti-,prie/1 my       
treatm5t 0 t ( a prie/4 ,my             
congregation1 z is ! case ) mo/         
,free?9k]s1 object$ to ! pay ( ! prie/1 
:5 ! true qu>rel 0 ) error1 & n )       
paym5t3 = if a man has ! tru?1 x is well
 t x %\ld be 8 int]e/ to hold x4 ,b     

,diss5t1 object+ to ! pay ( o!rs1 has   
be5 left )\t pay itself--h5ce its       
apo/les h be5 r$uc$ to fight ! l[e/     
battles ( animal wants1 :5 !y %\ld h be5
 fight+ = ! tru?4 ,diss5t has too (t5   
paid its advocates ! bad complim5t (    
suppos+1 t if plac$ )9 rea* ( compet5ce 
!y w\ld ei!r fall into indol5ce or      
hypocrisy4 ,x has act$ practically ^u ! 
hypo!sis1 t ! only possible way ( ensur+
 _! zeal & s9c]ity 0 to />ve !m--a      
policy :i* leaves progress to ! m]cy (  
accid5t4 ,= a long p]iod ! op]ation (   
?is policy *ill$ me4 ,my initiation into
 affairs ( progress 0 9 company ) m5 :o 
e/imat$1 above all o!r virtues1 ! virtue
 :i* work$ = no?+4 ,!y w\ld d5\nce !    
patriotism ( t man :o accept$ a %ill+ = 
mak+ a spee*1 al?\gh x _h co/ him m to  
compose x ?an ^? :o he>d x w\ld probably
 give to save _! c\ntry4 ,n9e t5?s ( !  
be/ public m5 & wom5 ,i h kn[n1 h turn$ 
back at ?is po9t4 ,n any new            
conviction--n any bribe ( ! enemy1 b !  
natural ?\gh unwise revolt aga9/ be+    

consid]$ m5dicants1 has =c$ !m back into
 sup95ess1 indiff]5ce1 or ev5 into ! v  
ranks ( oppression4 ,true1 ,i felt t he 
:o lab\rs ) 8 bra9s is wor?y ( 8 hire z 
well z he :o lab\rs ) 8 h&s4 ,z (t5 z ,i
 read a book or he>d a lecture1 :i* ?rew
 new light on ! pa?s ( life1 ,i f\nd t x
 n only reliev$ me f ! dom9ion (        
ignorance1 b imp>t$ to me ! /r5g? (     
intellig5ce4 ,i felt indebt$ to ! au?or 
& speak]1 = ,i f\nd t k 0 n only p[]1 b 
prop]ty4 ,i knew all ?is1 b pa9ful ye>s 
pass$ ov] me be=e ,i acquir$ ! c\rage to
 (f] :at in/ruction ,i _h to imp>t z an 
article ( comm]cial value4 ,^? :o h     
enc\nt]$ ?is k9d ( exp]i5ce "k t ! feel+
 x eng5d]s is "o ( indiff]5ce1 & t an   
unusual spee* w\ld arise 9 a cold s5se (
 duty1 & n 9 wantonness or wick$ness4   
,?us mu* w in=m ! read] ( ! circum/ances
 "u :i* ,i spoke ! alleg$ blasphemy 9   
,*elt5ham4  ,a fell[-mission>y1 ,mr4    
,*>les ,s\?well1 _h1 9 conjunction )    
,mr4 ,*ilton & ,mr4 ,field1 set up an   
,a!i/ical p]iodical 9 ,bri/ol1 entitl$ !

 ,oracle ( ,reason--:i* ! au?orities    
attempt+ =cibly to put d[n1 ,mr4        
,s\?well 0 s5t5c$ to twelve mon?s'      
imprisonm5t 9 ,bri/ol ,gaol4 ,on a visit
 to him ,i walk$ n9ety miles f ,birm+ham
 to ,bri/ol1 & z my way lay ?r\gh       
,*elt5ham1 ,i /aid a night 9 t t[n to   
deliv] a lecture on ',home ,colonisation
 z a means ( sup]s$+ ,poor ,laws &      
,emigration4' ,at ! conclusion ( !      
lecture ,i in/ruct$ ! *airman to make ! 
ann\ncem5t1 :i* ,i /ill make aft] my    
lectures1 viz41 t any ( ! audi5ce may   
put relevant que/ions or (f] :at        
objections !y consid] useful--:]eupon a 
p]son /ood up ( ! "n ( ,maitl&1 a       
teetotall]1 & sort ( local prea*]1 &    
compla9$ t '?\gh ,i _h told !m _! duty  
to man1 ,i _h n told !m ( _! duty to    
,god1' & inquir$ ':e!r we %\ld h *ur*es 
& *apels 9 community8'  ,i answ]$ ?us3  
',i d n desire to h religion mix$ up )  
an economical & secul> subject1 b z ,mr4
 ,maitl& has introduc$ que/ions 9       
ref]5ce to religion ,i w answ] him      

frankly4 ,our national debt already     
hangs l a mill/one r\nd ! poor man's    
neck1 & our national *ur* & g5]al       
religi\s in/itutions co/ u1 ^u accr$it$ 
computation1 ab\t tw5ty millions        
annually4 ,wor%ip be+ ?us exp5sive1 ,i  
appeal to y\r heads & y\r pockets :e!r  
we are n too poor to h a ,god8 ,if poor 
m5 co/ ! /ate z mu*1 !y w\ld be put l   
(fic]s ^u half-pay1 & :ile our di/ress  
la/s ,i ?9k x w\ld be wise to d ! same  
?+ ) deity4 ,?us f> ,i object1 z a matt]
 ( political economy1 to build *apels 9 
communities4 ,if o!rs want !m !y h      
!mselves to please1 b ,i1 n be+         
religi\s1 _c propose !m4 ,morality ,i   
reg>d1 b ,i d n believe !re is su* a ?+ 
z a ,god499 ,! pulpit says ,se>* !      
,scriptures1 & !y :o are ?us trepann$   
get imprison$ 9 ,bri/ol jail1 l my fri5d
 ,mr4 ,s\?well4 ,= myself1 ,i flee !    
,bible z a vip]1 & revolt at ! t\* ( a  
,*ri/ian4'  ,p]haps ?is reply 0         
indecor\s1 b x 0 no?+ m1 & z x 0 deliv]$
 9 a tone ( conv]sational fre$om1 x     

produc$ only quiet amusem5t on ! meet+4 
,! next day ,i cont9u$ my j\rney to     
,bri/ol4 ,a day or two aft] ,i receiv$ !
 ,*elt5ham ,*ronicle1 commonly call$ !  
,rev4 ,francis ,close's pap]1 x be+ !   
organ ( 8 p>ty1 9 :i* ,i read ! foll[+  
p>agraph--writt5 ) t exagg]at$ virul5ce 
:i* ,ar*deacon ,h>e has subsequ5tly     
deprecat$ z ! bane ( religi\s j\rnalism1
 b :i* at t "t 0 consid]$ z a holy      
ornam5t3--       99 ,i d n rememb] us+  
?is phrase1 b z ! witnesses      report$
 x p]haps x 0 s2 b ,i /ill incl9e to !  
op9ion t x 0 an expression !y fell ^u 9 
/at+      _! impressions ( ! meet+ to _!
 employ]s1 & all      work+ 9 "o (fice1 
!y fell into "o /ory1 ei!r      ?r\gh   
inadv]t5ce or f precaution4  ,a!ism &   
,blasphemy4--,on ,tuesday ev5+ la/ a    
p]son nam$ ,holyoake1 f ,man*e/]1 787   
deliv]$ a lecture on ,socialism 7or1 z x
 has be5 m appropriately t]m$1          
devilism71 at ! ,me*anics' ,in/itution4 
,aft] attack+ ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& &        
religion g5]ally = a consid]able "t1 he 

said he 0 op5 to any "q t might be put  
to him4 ,a teetotall] nam$ ,maitl& !n   
got up1 & said ! lectur] _h be5 talk+ a 
good deal ab\t our duty to man1 b he    
omitt$ to m5tion our duty t[>ds ,god1 & 
he w\ld be glad to "k if !re 7 any      
*apels 9 ! community8 ,! ,sociali/ !n   
repli$ t he pr(ess$ no religion at all1 
& ?\ght !y 7 too poor to h any4 ,he did 
n believe !re 0 su* a be+ z a ,god1 &   
impi\sly rem>k$ t if !re 099 he w\ld h !
 deity s]v$ ! same z gov]nm5t treat$ !  
subalt]ns1 by plac+ him ^u half-pay4 ,) 
_m simil> blasphem\s & awful rem>ks1 :i*
 we _c sully our columns by repeat+1 !  
poor misguid$ wret* cont9u$ to address !
 audi5ce4 ,to _! la/+ %ame1 be x spoke1 
a consid]able portion ( ! company       
applaud$ ! miscreant dur+ ! "t he 0 giv+
 utt]ance to ^! pr(ane op9ions4  ,we h  
?ree p]sons 9 our employ :o are ready to
 v]ify on oa? ! correctness ( ! above   
/atem5ts4 ,we !re=e hope ^? 9 au?ority w
 n suff] ! matt] to re/ "h1 b t "s /eps 
w imm$iately he tak5 to prev5t any fur!r

 publicity to su* diabolical            
s5tim5ts4--,ed4 ,*elt5ham ,*ronicle499  
99 ,?is is an int]polation4  ,"s h      
c5sur$ ! op5ness ( my answ] to ,mr4     
,maitl& z be+ inexp$i5t4 ,x is n        
impossible to ju/ify x on t gr\nd1 b ,i 
h an av]sion to d x4 ,exp$i5cy has no?+ 
to d ) :at a man %all say4 ,exp$i5cy may
 close ! m\?1 b x has no p[] ov] ! spee*
 if ! m\? once op5s4 ,a man may keep    
sil5ce if he *ooses1 b if he does speak 
he has no alt]native b to speak t :i* is
 frank & true4 ,b at t "t !re 7         
political reasons :y ,i %\ld n evade !  
"q put to me4 ,! ,odd ,fell[ ( ,mr4     
,he!r+ton 7"u ! editor%ip ( ,w4 ,j4     
,l9ton7 _h %ortly be=e conta9$ an able  
article beg9n+ ?us3--  ,! _w ne$ n be   
mu* fright5$ at ! pres5t race (         
,sociali/s4 ,h[ev] he9\s _! doctr9es may
 be ?\ght1 !re ne$ be no fe>1 !y w n act
 9 too close accordance ) !m4 ,=        
ourselves1 hav+ be5 among !m at v>i\s   
times1 we h nev] yet be5 able to discov]
 any c]ta9 m>ks1 :e!r ( mann]1 ( op9ion1

 or ( conduct1 :]eby to di/+ui% !m f !  
mass ( pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians4 ,h[ev]        
het]odox _! inn]mo/ s5tim5ts1 !y usually
 ma9ta9 z dec5t an appe>ance ( con=mity 
) cu/om z ! mo/ worldly & or?odox c\ld  
desire4  ,?is 0 a "* :i* no progressive 
p>ty c\ld live )1 & z ! hypocrisy "h    
*>g$ ^u u 0 g5]ally believ$1 & n :olly  
)\t reason1 x became necess>y ei!r to   
give up ! p>ty or refute ! accusation4  
,! attack on ,mr4 ,ow5's fri5ds1 by !   
,bi%op ( ,exet] 9 ! ,h\se ( ,lords1 _h  
be5 evad$1 n met1 & a noble opportunity1
 su* z bigotry seldom af=ds to a ris+   
p>ty1 _h be5 suff]$ to pass away unus$4 
,! enemy triumph$4 ,9 ?is v t[n (       
,*elt5ham a "y poet1 nam$ ,sp]ry1 :o    
betray$ free?9k-+ t5d5cies1 _h be5 call$
 ^u to recant4 ,he did s1 & !n he 0     
treat$ ) contempt by ^? :o intimidat$   
him4 ,!y fir/ de/roy$ 8 moral influ5ce1 
& !n despis$ him4 ,i _h !re=e suffici5t 
public reasons = n tempt+ a simil> fate4
 ,if ,i _h refus$ to reply1 x w\ld h be5
 said ,i held op9ions too horrible to   

av[4 ,_h ,i evad$ ! answ] ,i %\ld h be5 
consid]$ a "t-s]v]1 & if ,i answ]$      
frankly !re 7 ! legal consequ5ces 9     
prospect4 ,i 0 n v mu* skill$ 9 policy1 
b ,i knew ?is mu* t :5 a man _c take c>e
 ( consequ5ces1 he ought to take c>e ( !
 cr$it ( 8 cause4 ,a little anticipat+  
?is hi/ory ,i may say t ! exp$i5cy ( !  
c\rse ,i took1 if ! exp$i5cy mu/ be     
def5d$1 0 %[n 9 ! alt]$ tone ( !        
au?orities1 bo? 9 ,*elt5ham & ,gl\ce/]1 
aft] my trial4 ,in/ead ( t contempt )   
:i* p]sons hold+ ,sociali/ op9ions are  
treat$1 !re 0 a some:at respectful      
recognition ( !m4 ,h[ev] crude might be 
consid]$ my def5ce ( my views1 no?+     
escap$ me t c\ld be di/ort$ into a      
will+ness to avoid any suff]+ at !      
exp5se ( my adh]5ce to ! pr9ciples ,i _h
 adopt$4 ,_m p]sons :o w\ld n h spok5 to
 me be=e came & express$ regret at :at  
_h happ5$1 & ,i met ) _m in/ances (     
reg>d f p]sons :o _h =m]ly despis$ ^? ) 
:om ,i act$4  ,i 0 indebt$ to !         
,odd-,fell[ ( ,july #bc1 !n edit$ by    

,eb5 ,jones1 au?or ( ',/udies (         
,s5sation & ,ev5t1' = ! faire/ /atem5t (
 my conduct & ( ! po9t 9 "q1 :i* ! press
 gave4 ,x 0 ?us express$3--  ,we _c     
refra9 f say+1 t "u ! peculi>           
circum/ances1 ,mr4 ,holyoake 7presum+ 8 
disbelief 9 a ,god to be s9c]e7 c\ld n h
 said o!r ?an he did say1 & at ! same "t
 h cont9u$ hone/4 ,x is true he 0 n     
ask$1 ',d y believe 9 a ,god8' b a "q 0 
put to him :i* assum$ 8 belief 9 a ,god1
 & _h he n te/ifi$ at once 8 disbelief1 
he w\ld h sanction$ ! false assumption3 
& if n a li>1 w\ld h be5 at lea/ !      
p]mitt] ( a lie2 betwe5 :i* is no       
di/9ction recognis$ by an hon\rable man4
 ,9 argu+ ?us we w\ld n express any     
sympa?y :atev] ) ,mr4 ,holyoake's a!ism1
 we are m]ely conc]n$ to %[ t x 0 n ,mr4
 ,holyoake's "r alone1 b absolutely 8   
duty1 to say t 'he did n believe 9 a    
,god4' ,x 0 8 duty1 if x be ! duty ( man
 to be hone/2 he c\ld n h spok5 o!rwise1
 unless he _h 'li$ aga9/ 8 he>t1' & li$ 
t[>ds mank9d4  ,! next numb] ( ! a=esaid

 ,*elt5ham ,*ronicle br\ght me ?is fur!r
 notice3--  ,holyoake ! ,blasphem\s     
,sociali/ ,lectur]4--,9 ref]5ce to a    
p>agraph :i* appe>$ 9 ! la/ ,*ronicle   
reg>d+ ?is mon/]1 ! magi/rates read !   
article allud$ to1 & express$ _! op9ion 
t x 0 a cle> case ( blasphemy4 ,9 ord]  
to *eck ! fur!r progress ( 8 p]nici\s   
doctr9es1 ! sup]9t5d5t ( police 0 ord]$ 
to use e ex]tion to br+ him to ju/ice4  
,on read+ ?is p>agraph ,i lo/ no "t 9   
sett+ out = ,*elt5ham1 to hold a public 
meet+ & ju/ify myself to ! t[n4         
,foot-sore & we>y--= ! j\rney 0 m ?an   
?irty miles1 & ! day v hot--,i rea*$    
,*elt5ham on ! #a/ ( ,june1 & proce$$ z 
privately z a 'mon/]' c\ld to my fri5ds 
! ,adamses4 ,! next night ,i slid l     
sleep into ! meet+1 le/ ! police %\ld   
prev5t me f address+ x4 ,mr4 ,lee*1 a   
lead+ ,*>ti/1 presid$1 & ! meet+ 0      
address$ by ,messrs4 ,p>k]1 jun41 ,geo4 
,adams1 ,w4 ,bilson1 & ,j4 ,b4 ,le>4 ,! 
,*>ti/s ( ,*elt5ham at t "t held        
possession ( ! ,me*anics' ,in/itution1 &

 !y 7 ?reat5$ ) ! loss ( x1 if !y let x 
to me to speak 9 any m4 ,b z ,i requir$ 
x 9 self-def5ce !y g5]\sly disreg>d$ !  
m5ace1 & p]mitt$ me ! use ( x4 ,my      
fri5ds 9 ! di/ant t[n (                 
,newca/le-^u-,tyne aft]w>ds gracefully  
ackn[l$g$ ?is k9dness by mak+ a         
collection = ,mrs4 ,holb]ry1 ! wife ( a 
,%effield ,*>ti/ :o _h p]i%$ 9 prison4  
,be=e ,i _h be5 long 9 ! meet+1         
,sup]9t5d5t ,russell came 9 ) ab\t a    
doz5 m51 :o 7 arrang$ on ea* side !     
door1 & _! glaz$ hats =m$ a brilliant1 b
 a dubi\s back-gr\nd = a meet+ on       
,free-,discussion4 ,i spoke an h\r aft] 
!y came 94 ,s r>e an audi5ce 0 n to be  
?r[n away1 & ,i ?\ght we might conv]t "s
 ( !m4 ,at ! conclusion ,sup]9t5d5t     
,russell1 :o _h ! polit5ess to wait till
 we _h done1 intimat$ t he _h           
in/ructions to appreh5d me4 ,i ask$ = 8 
w>rant4 ,he said he _h none4 ,x 0 9 va9 
t ,i prote/$ aga9/ ! irregul>ity ( !    
proce$+4 ,he repli$ t 8 in/ructions 7   
imp]ative ^u him--& x 0 !reupon arrang$ 

t ,i %\ld walk d[n to ! /ation ) ,mr4   
,hollis1 a well-kn[n gun mak] (         
,*elt5ham1 & !re1 ! meet+ foll[+1 we    
arriv$ 9 procession betwe5 elev5 &      
twelve o'clock4  ,to ! tru?1 x is no    
great pro( a po/]iori ( a man's         
extravagance1 t he %\ld be involv$ 9    
legal proce$+s 9 ,*elt5ham on acc\nt (  
fre$om ( spee*4 ,ow+ to prie/ly &       
conv5tional influ5ces1 t t[n w furni% a 
jury :o w\ld1 "u direction1 br+ 9 any   
man guilty ( blasphemy :o boil$ 8       
tea-kettle on a ,sunday4 ,n long be=e ! 
"t n[ spok5 (1 a ,mormon prea*]1 hold+  
=? !re1 happ5$ to say t ! ,elem5ts (    
,euclid 7 z true z ! ,bible3 & = ?is he 
0 indict$ = blasphemy1 & 0 only sav$ f  
imprisonm5t by ! gr& jury 7:o mu/ h _h  
infidel t5d5cies7 ?r[+ out ! bill4  ,on 
! morn+ aft] my appreh5sion ,i 0 tak5   
be=e ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,newell1 ,r4 ,capp]1 &
 ,j4 ,ov]bury1 ,esquires1 magi/rates (  
,*elt5ham4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,newell ought  
to h _h ! pride1 if n ! dec5cy1 to h    
kept away4  ,! ,*elt5ham ,*ronicle      

report$ t' ,george ,jacob ,holyoake1 :o 
0 describ$ z a ,sociali/ lectur]1 & z ! 
editor ( ! ,oracle ( ,reason1 0 *>g$ )  
deliv]+ a!i/ical & blasphem\s s5tim5ts  
at ! ,me*anics' ,in/itution1 on ! ev5+ (
 ! #bd? ( ,may4 ,! prison] _h be5       
appreh5d$ la/ night1 aft] deliv]+ ano!r 
lecture at ! same place4 ,! affair      
appe>$ to h caus$ great s5sation1 &     
sev]al p]sons att5d$ at ! (fice anxi\s  
to he> ! exam9ation4 ,among/ ! numb] 7  
"s individuals :o1 )\t ! blu% ( %ame    
mantl+ _! *eeks1 ackn[l$g$ !mselves     
fri5ds ( ! accus$4'  ,mr4 ,bubb1 a local
 solicitor1 a p>ticul>ly gross & furi\s 
man1 !n said--',i att5d to pref] ! *>ge 
( blasphemy1 & ,i %all take my /& on !  
common unwritt5 law ( ! l&4 ,!re h be5 a
 v>iety ( /atutes pass$ = puni%+        
blasphemy1 b ^! /atutes 9 no way int]f]e
 ) ! common unwritt5 law4 7,mr4 ,capp]  
nodd$ ass5t4799 ,any p]son :o d5ies !   
exi/5ce or provid5ce ( ,god is guilty ( 
blasphemy1 & ! law has annex$ to t (f5ce
 imprisonm5t1 corporal puni%m5t1 & f9e4 

,i %all give evid5ce ( ! facts1 & ,i    
%all ask t he be committ$ = trial1 or   
requir$ to f9d bail = 8 appe>ance4 ,!   
(f5ce is mu* aggravat$ by 8 hav+ put =? 
a plac>d1 ann\nc+ a lecture on a subject
 completely innoc5t1 & hav+ got toge!r a
 numb] ( p]sons1 has giv5 utt]ance to ^?
 s5tim5ts :i* are an insult to ,god &   
man4'       99 ,mr4 ,bubb took 8 /& on !
 common law because 8      object 0 to  
make x a sessions case1 & to take x out 
( ! /atu>y law1 :i* 7#i  #aj ,w4 #c1 c4 
#cb7 w\ld      h requir$ t in=mation ( !
 words spok5 %\ld be      laid be=e a   
ju/ice ( ! peace )9 f\r days f      _!  
utt]ance1 & w\ld likewise h impli$ a    
trial at      ! assizes4  ,! ass]tion t 
,i _h employ$ duplicity 9 *oos+ my      
subject 0 q gratuit\s4 ,address+ ! ,b5*1
 ,i ask$ :e!r x 0 legal 9 ^! cases to   
appreh5d p]sons )\t ! au?ority ( a      
w>rant8  ,mr4 ,capp] repli$1 ',any p]son
 9 ! meet+ w\ld be ju/ifi$ 9 tak+ y up  
)\t ! au?ority ( a w>rant1' :i* %[$ t ! 
,b5* 7 bett] read 9 ,bigotry ?an 9      

,black/one4 ,i said x 0 cu/om>y 9 o!r   
t[ns1 :]e bigotry exi/$ to a great]     
degree ev5 ?an x did !re1 = in=mation to
 be laid & a regul> notice s]v$4  ,mr4  
,capp] said1 ',we refuse to hold an     
argum5t ) a man pr(ess+ ! abom9able     
pr9ciple ( d5y+ ! exi/5ce ( a supreme   
,be+1' ,?is 0 n a v legal way ( gett+   
rid ( my objections1 b x answ]$ 9       
,*elt5ham4  ,two witnesses1 ,james      
,b>tram & ,william ,h5ry ,pe>ce1 bo? ( !
 ,*ronicle (fice1 7 adduc$ to report !  
words t =m$ ! gr\nd ( ! indictm5t4      
,nei!r ( !m c\ld recollect any?+ else b 
! objectionable words report$ 9 _! own  
pap]1 & to ^! !y did n swe> positively1 
b only to ! 'be/ ( _! belief4' ,mr4     
,pe>ce 0 n produc$ at ! trial at !      
,assizes1 he hav+ no local reputation b 
t ( a dog-fanci] & fight]1 :i* did n    
r5d] him a cr$itable au?ority on matt]s 
p]ta9+ to religion4 ,b>tram's si/] 0 a  
,sociali/1 & %e came to me "s ye>s aft]1
 9 ,man*e/]1 to apologise = ! disgrace  
br\ght ^u h] family by ! weakness or !  

ignorance ( h] bro!r4  ,mr4 ,ov]bury    
said he consid]$ ! case satisfactorily  
prov$1 & add$1 ',:e!r y are ( no        
religion is ( v little consequ5ce to u1 
b y\r attempt to propagate ! infam\s    
s5tim5t t !re is no ,god1 is calculat$  
to produce disord] & confusion1 & is a  
brea* ( ! peace4' ,?is 0 ! rem>k ( an   
ill-in=m$ politician r ?an ( a ,*ri/ian4
  ,be+ requir$ to ent] into my own      
recognizances ( ,l#ajj1 & f9d two       
sureties ( ,l#ej ea*1 ,mr4 ,p>tridge    
became "o1 & ,mr4 ,h5ry ,fry1 editor ( !
 ,educational ,circul>1 (f]$ himself z !
 o!r4 ,b ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,newell object$ to
 ,mr4 ,fry's bail1 on ! gr\nd t he did n
 swe> positively t he 0 wor? ,l#ej :5   
all 8 debts 7 paid4 ,he swore only t 'to
 ! be/ ( 8 belief he 0 s4 ,i rem9d$ !   
,b5* t !y _h accept$ ! evid5ce ( !      
witnesses aga9/ me on ! same gr\nd1     
namely '! be/ ( _! belief4' ,h]eupon !  
,rev4 ,dr4 ,newell1 ) an air ( outrag$  
morality1 exclaim$ ',come1 come6 we'll h
 no quibbl+4'  ,i answ]$ t ,i did n     

propose to quibble1 = if t _h be5 to my 
ta/e ,i might h avoid$ /&+ !re at t     
mom5t4 ,mr4 ,bubb !n int]ject$ t he %\ld
 dem& tw5ty-f\r h\rs' notice ( bail4    
,ano!r g5tleman !n (f]$ himself1 :om ,i 
desir$ to sit d[n & let ! ,b5* take _!  
own c\rse4 ,?is indiff]5ce ) reg>d to ! 
,b5* inc5s$ !m v mu*4  ,mr4 ,capp] said1
 ',ev5 ! hea!ns ackn[l$g$ ! exi/5ce ( a 
,deity4 ,if y ent]ta9 ! same p]nici\s   
op9ion on y\r dea?-b$ y w be a bold man 
inde$4 ,b y are only actuat$ by a love (
 notoriety4' ,i only answ]$1 ',:y d y   
address me ?us1 s9ce y w n all[ me to   
reply8' & ,i turn$ away repeat+ to      
myself ! words ( ,sir ,?omas            
,br[ne--',!re is a rabble among/ ! g5try
 z well z ! commonalty2 a sort (        
plebeian heads1 ^: fancy moves ) ! same 
:eel z ^!3 m5 9 ! same level ) me*anics1
 ?\gh _! =tunes d some:at gild _!       
infirmities1 & _! purses comp\nd1 = _!  
follies4'  ,b ,i ought to say t dur+ ^! 
proce$+s ! p 9 ! c\rt1 ( ju/] feel+ ?an 
! magi/rates1 frequ5tly express$ _!     

disapprobation ( ! spee*es made to me4  
,mr4 ,capp]'s ass]tion t ,i 0 only      
actuat$ by a love ( notoriety1 7 j !    
words to d me injury4 ,! respectable p  
ne>1 & ! intellig5t p at a di/ance1 w\ld
 believe ! magi/rate & disbelieve !     
sceptic1 :o _h no fri5ds to rebut !     
imputation4 ,! vulg> be>+ ( ?is brutal  
old man l+]$ long 9 my memory z ! mo/   
di/9ct ?+ ( ^! proce$+s4 ,i %\ld h ?\ght
 less ( x _h x n come f an old man4 ,!  
ag$ always inspire me ) rev]5ce1 9 _!   
k9dly aspects4 ,!y are ! l9ks :i* nature
 p]petuates betwe5 old "t & our "t--!   
human *ronicl]s ( an exp]i5ce ! "y c    
nev] "k4 ,!y h foll[$ ! he>se ( ! old   
_w1 & are ! legatees ( ,"t1 :o has      
bequea!d to !m 8 secrets & 8 conque/s1  
:i* !y 9 _! turn di/ribute to u4 ,:5    
liv+ at ,isl+ton1 9 #ahdh1 ,i frequ5tly 
pass$1 b n )\t sadness1 nor sometimes   
)\t te>s1 an old man :o /ood ne> !      
,m]l9's ,cave to beg4 ,he resembl$ "o   
:om ,i _c "n4 ,i c\ld see on 8 br[ !    
fre% traces ( a /ruggle /ill go+ on     

betwe5 dignity & de/itution4 ,& ,i (t5  
gave him ! price ( ! biscuit int5d$ = my
 d9n]1 9 ! secret hope we all h 9 a k9d 
act t "s "o else may repeat x to ^? we  
love2 & ,i indulg$ ! hope t o!rs might  
approa* ) ! same respectful feel+s him  
to :om ,i h allud$1 if ev]1 ) untam$    
pride & brok5 he>t1 he %\ld /& 9 8 grey 
hairs on ! high way to beg--:i* ,i h    
dread$ ?r\gh s _m ye>s4  ,:5 tak5 back  
to ! /ation-h\se1 ,capta9 ,lefroy1 :o 0 
at ! head ( ! police1 introduc$ me to   
,mr4 ,p9*+1 surgeon ( ! same corps4 ,!  
capta91 9 a g5tlemanly way1 inquir$ if  
,i w\ld all[ ,mr4 ,p9*+ to reason ) me  
on my op9ions8 ,i said1 ',c]ta9ly4' ,mr4
 ,p9*+ ask$ me ! irrelevant "q ',did ,i 
believe 9 ,jesus ,*ri/8' & began a dry1 
hi/orical argum5t to prove t !re 0 !    
same evid5ce = ! exi/5ce ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 
z = t ( ,h5ry ! ,f\r?4 ,i said1 ',!     
argum5t is unnecess>y ) me4 ,i d n c>e  
to argue :e!r he exi/$ or n4 ,my inquiry
 is n :e!r he liv$1 b :at he said4' ,mr4
 ,p9*+'s next spee* 0 deliv]$ ) an air (

 %>p au?ority1 & he began to address me 
r rudely4  ,he ask$ me 0 x n ,rob]t ,ow5
 :o made me an a!i/8 ,i repli$1 ,mr4    
,ow5 himself 0 n an a!i/4 ,= myself1 ,i 
_h n become s till aft] ! imprisonm5t ( 
,mr4 ,s\?well1 :i* _h l$ me to inquire  
into ! gr\nds ( religi\s op9ion m       
closely ?an ,i _h be=e done1 & x _h end$
 9 my entire disbelief4  ,mr4 ,p9*+ n[  
became impati5t & abusive1 all[+ me no  
opportunity ( reply+1 & ,i said ',/op6  
/op6 sir1 y mu/ n treat me z a prison]  
if y int5d me to he> y4 ,unless y       
conv]se ) me ^u equal t]ms ,i %all n    
answ] y4' ,lefroy laugh$1 & said1       
',come6 come6 ,p9*+1 ,i ?9k y are n q   
fair4 ,aft] ?is ,mr4 ,p9*+ became m     
abusive1 & ,i turn$ away--:5 he end$ !  
conv]sation by say+1 ',i am only sorry !
 day is gone by :5 we c\ld s5d y & ,ow5 
( ,lan>k to ! /ake in/ead ( to ,gl\ce/] 
gaol4'  ,n all[$ to wait tw5ty-f\r h\rs 
to see if ,i c\ld obta9 bail1 ,i 0 soon 
aft] s5t (f to ,gl\ce/]1 n9e miles away1
 ! same aft]noon1 :]e ! difficulty (    

negotiat+ my release 0 s mu* increas$ t 
x took me a =tnight to d x4  ,aft] my   
conv]sation ) ,mr4 ,p9*+ ,i 0 %ut up 9 a
 v fil?y place ) a l\sy man4 ,i 0       
h&cuff$ ) small old irons t p9*$ my     
wri/s1 & ,i begg$ to h ano!r pair (     
h&cuffs put on1 :i* 0 done3 !n ,i 0 made
 to walk ?r\gh ,*elt5ham t[n & suburbs1 
& aft]w>ds ?r\gh ,gl\ce/] city1 ) ! h&  
irons on4 ,z ,i _h walk$ ?irty miles to 
be appreh5d$1 !y _h no reason to suspect
 me ( mak+ my escape2 nor 0 x cu/om>y to
 h&cuff prison]s convey$ to ,gl\ce/] on 
foot4 ,9 my case x 0 done to pa9 &      
degrade me4  ,a memorial ( a public     
meet+1 s5t f ! t[n ( ,*elt5ham to !     
,h\se ( ,commons1 on ?is subject1 /at$  
',t not)/&+ ,mr4 ,holyoake (f]$ no      
resi/ance to any (fic] or proc$ure1 & 0 
at ! same "t 9 v delicate heal? & mu*   
exhau/$1 yet x 0 deem$ necess>y to lock 
bo? 8 h&s 9 irons & make him walk to    
,gl\ce/]--a di/ance ( ne> n9e miles--on 
a mo/ sultry day1 b on ! way ?i!r 8     
fri5ds int]f]$ & obta9$ leave = him to  

ride1 on condition only t !y %\ld pay 8 
exp5ses z well z ! exp5ses ( two        
policem5 to accompany him4' ,& x may be 
add$ t ?\gh ,i sat an h\r at ! /ation1  
wait+ = ! tra91 my h&s 7 n unlock$4  ,! 
same memorial also alleg$ ',t ! conduct 
( ! magi/rates dur+ ! proce$+s indicat$ 
a pr$isposition to puni% ,mr4 ,holyoake1
 indep5d5tly ( any evid5ce :i* he might 
h (f]$ 9 def5ce ( 8 own conduct4'  ,!   
,memb] = ,ba?1 to :om ?is memorial 0    
entru/$1 paid to x ! mo/ g5]\s att5tion1
 & imm$iately return$ ! foll[+ reply3-- 
,london1 ,june #bcrd1 #ahdb4  ,sir1--,! 
petition y s5t me is ( a nature t dem&s 
s]i\s inquiry1 & ,i ?\ght ,i %\ld be/   
dis*>ge my duty t[>ds ! petition]s &    
,mr4 ,holyoake by at once address+      
myself to ,sir ,james ,graham4 ,he has v
 promptly tak5 up ! inquiry1 & ,i h no  
d\bt b t sub/antial ju/ice w be done4   
,if1 h[ev]1 ! petition]s %\ld h]eaft]   
deem t ju/ice has n be5 done1 ,i c      
pres5t _! petition aft] ! inquiry :i*   
has be5 und]tak5 by ! ,home ,secret>y   

has be5 clos$4 ,i h tak5 ?is lib]ty ) ! 
petition on my own responsibility1 hop+ 
t ! petition]s w "h tru/ to my          
discretion1 & !y = ! mom5t w put        
confid5ce 9 my judgm5t4 ,i w write y ^w 
s soon z ,i he> f ! ,home ,secret>y1 :o 
has n[ ! petition 9 8 h&s = ! purpose ( 
imm$iately in/itut+ a se>*+ inquiry4  ,i
 am1 sir1 y\r ob$i5t s]vant1  ,mr4 ,h4  
,fry4 ,j4 ,a4 ,roebuck4  ,! committal ! 
police bore ) !m 0 to ! foll[+ effect3--
  ,gl\ce/]%ire to wit4--,to all & e ( ! 
con/ables & o!r (fic]s ( ! peace = !    
said c\nty1 & to ! keep] ( ! gaol at    
,gl\ce/] 9 ! said c\nty--  ,:]eas       
,george ,jacob ,holyoake is n[ br\ght   
be=e u1 ?ree ( ,h] ,maje/y's ,ju/ices ( 
! ,peace 9 & = ! said c\nty1 & *>g$1 on 
! oa?s ( ,james ,b]tram & ,william ,h5ry
 ,pe>ce1 ) hav+1 on ! tw5ty-=? day (    
,may la/1 at ! p>i% ( ,*elt5ham 9 ! said
 c\nty1 wick$ly & pr(anely utt]$1 made  
use (1 & proclaim$1 9 ! pres5ce ( a     
public assembly ( m51 wom51 & *ildr51 !n
 & !re assembl$1 c]ta9 impi\s &         

blasphem\s words aga9/ ,god1 & ( &      
conc]n+ ! ,*ri/ian religion1 to wit1 ',t
 he 0 ( no religion at all1' & 't he did
 n believe !re 0 su* a ?+ z a ,god1' &  
't if he c\ld h 8 way he w\ld place !   
,deity on half-pay1 z ! gov]nm5t ( ?is  
c\ntry did ! subalt]n (fic]s1' aga9/ !  
peace ( our lady ! ,que51 h] cr[n &     
dignity4 ,& :]eas we1 ! said ju/ices1 h 
requir$ ! said ,george ,jacob ,holyoake 
to become b\nd 9 ! sum ( "o hundr$      
p\nds1 & to f9d two suffici5t sureties 9
 ! sum ( fifty p\nds ea*1 condition$ = !
 appe>ance ( ! said ,george ,jacob      
,holyoake at ! next ,qu>t] ,sessions ( !
 peace1 to be hold5 at ,gl\ce/]1 9 & = !
 said c\nty1 & !n & !re to answ] to any 
bill ( indictm5t t may be pref]r$ aga9/ 
him = 8 said (f5ce1 :i* he ha? neglect$ 
to d4  ,^! are !re=e 9 ,h] ,maje/y's "n 
to comm& y1 & e ( y ! said con/ables1   
=?) safely to convey & deliv] into !    
cu/ody ( ! keep] ( ! said gaol ! body ( 
! said ,george ,jacob ,holyoake4  ,& y1 
! said keep]1 are h]eby requir$ to      

receive ! said ,george ,jacob ,holyoake 
into y\r said cu/ody1 & him safely keep 
until ! said next g5]al ,qu>t] ,sessions
 ( ! peace1 to be hold5 at ,gl\ce/]1 9 &
 = ! said c\nty1 or until he become b\nd
 & f9ds su* sureties z a=esaid1 or until
 he %all be !nce deliv]$ by due c\rse ( 
law4 ,& = y\r s do+ ?is %all be to y & e
 ( y a suffici5t w>rant4  ,giv5 "u our  
h&s & seals ! ?ird day ( ,june1 9 ! ye> 
( our ,"l ,"o ,?\s& ,eight ,hundr$ &    
,=ty-two4  ,robt4 ,capp]1 ,j4 ,b4       
,newell1 ,joseph ,ov]bury4  ,tw5ty-f\r  
h\rs' notice ( bail to be giv54  ,i     
h]eby c]tify t ! above is a true 'copy' 
( a w>rant1 by virtue ( :i* ! )9 nam$   
,george ,jacob ,holyoake 0 br\ght into  
cu/ody ! #crd day ( ,june1 #ahdb4       
,witness my h&1  ,?omas ,moore1 ,cl]k to
 ! c\nty gaol ( ,gl\ce/]4   ,"s ( !     
magi/rates *>act]is$ ! spee* = :i* ,i 0 
committ$ z ',felony1' 'a brea* ( !      
peace1' etc41 & ,i 0 told t my committal
 0 made out = 'felony4' ,s]i\s comm5ts 7
 made !reupon by ! public4 ,able        

/rictures on ! subject 7 made by ',philo
 ,publicola1' 9 ! ,weekly ,dispat*4 ,b !
 magi/rates grew wis] z !y grew cool]1 &
 on ! copy ( ! committal subsequ5tly    
furni%$ to me1 ! *>ge ( felony did n    
appe>4  ,a v curi\s circum/ance des]ves 
m5tion+ "h4 ,! magi/rates be+ c5sur$ 9 !
 ,h\se ( ,commons = _! 'irregul>ities' 9
 my case 7z w be expla9$ 9 my def5ce    
fur!r on7 an attempt 0 made to fix !    
blame on ,mr4 ,russell1 sup]9t5d5t ( !  
police4 ,?is induc$ me to address !     
foll[+ lett] to ! editor ( ! ,*elt5ham  
,free ,press3--  ,sir1--,obs]v+ an      
attempt has be5 made 9 ,p>liam5t by !   
,hon4 ,crav5 ,b]kley to fix ! blame ( my
 'h>% treatm5t' on ! con/ables ( y\r    
t[n1 & to implicate ,sup]9t5d5t         
,russell1 ,i beg to say t aft] my       
committal ,i nev] saw ,mr4 ,russell1 &  
nev] once said1 or suspect$1 t ! h>%ness
 ex]cis$ t[>ds me1 :ile o/5sibly 9 8    
cu/ody1 orig9at$ ) him4 ,8 c\rtesy to me
 on ! night ( my appreh5sion1 ( :i* ,i  
reta9 a lively s5se1 =bids su* a        

conclusion4  ,i %all be glad if y w     
ins]t ?is 9 y\r next numb]4 ,i c nev]   
cons5t to pur*ase public sympa?y by a   
sil5ce :i* may unju/ly sacrifice any    
p]son's int]e/4 ,i 0 ju/ifi$ 9 mak+ !   
compla9ts ,i h1 b w\ld r !y 7 = ev]     
unr$ress$ ?an t an innoc5t man %\ld     
suff]4  ,birm+ham1 ,july #cj1 #ahdb4 ,g4
 ,jacob ,holyoake4  ,soon aft] ,mr4     
,russell left ! corps1 & appe>s to h be5
 (f]$ up by ! magi/rates z a sacrifice =
 ! irregul>ities !y _h committ$4  ,on my
 arrival my pockets 7 se>*$1 & ev5 my   
pocket-book & lett]s tak5 f me4 ,?is ,i 
felt n only z an indignity1 b also z a  
brea* ( fai?4 ,be=e leav+ ,*elt5ham1 &  
:5 9 communication ) my fri5ds1 ,i      
inquir$ if my pap]s w\ld be tak5 f me at
 ,gl\ce/]1 & ! (fic]s answ]$ ',no1' 7b  
!y mu/ h kn[n diff]5tly74 ,tru/+ _!     
answ]1 h[ev]1 ,i br\ght ) me pap]s ,i   
%\ld n o!rwise h br\ght4 ,p]haps ,i 0   
fev]$ aft] my walk1 b ! cell ,i 0 put   
into gave me a new s5se4 ,!re _h be5    
times :5 ,i _h wi%$ = a six? s5se1 b ?is

 0 n ! s5se ,i covet$1 = x 0 a s5se (   
suffocation4 ,! b$ 0 s fil?y t ,i c\ld n
 lie d[n1 & sat on ! side all night4 ,:5
 tak5 into ! g5]al room next morn+ !    
prison]s surr\nd$ me1 exclaim+1' ,:at   
are ye come =8' ,z ,i made no reply1    
ano!r obs]v$1 ',we always tells "o      
ano!r1' ',oh6 blasphemy1' ,i repli$4    
',:at's t1' said "o4 ',ar5't y 'ligi\s8'
 said ano!r4  ,b z ^! ru/ics 7 happily  
unacqua9t$ ) doctr9al piety1 !y said    
no?+ rude2 & see+ my loaf unbrok51 & t  
,i c\ld n eat1 ',"h1' said f\r or five  
at once1 'w y h "s ( ?is tea1 zir8'--:i*
 0 m9t-tea1 ! rew>d ( "s extra "w1 & !  
nice/ ?+ !y _h to (f]4  ,:5 ! *apla9 ( !
 gaol1 ! ,rev4 ,rob]t ,coop]1 came to   
see me1 ,i told him t be=e ,i took any?+
 f him = my s\l1 ,i want$ some?+ f him =
 my def5ce2 & ,i dem&$ my note book &   
pap]s4 ,mr4 ,samuel ,jones1 a visit+    
magi/rate1 br\ght me a few p5cil notes  
:i* ,i _h made dur+ my exam9ation 9     
,*elt5ham & "s private pap]s1 b he )held
 _m o!rs relat+ to matt]s ( op9ion1 say+

 t he 'did n ?9k !m necess>y to my      
def5ce4' ,! cl]gyman has a veto on all  
books admitt$1 & ( a li/ :i* ,i gave    
him1 :i* ,i want$ to read = my trial1 he
 only all[$ me ?irte54 ,he said ! o!rs  
'7 ( an un*ri/ian "*1' & he c\ld n let  
me h !m4 ',i told him ,i 0 n go+ to make
 an or?odox def5ce4 ,he w\ld n relax1 s 
,i w\ld n h any spiritual consolation1 &
 we liv$ on v indiff]5t t]ms4  ,"o day  
,mr4 ,bransby ,coop]1 & ,mr4 ,samuel    
,jones 7j m5tion$71 bo? old magi/rates1 
came to visit me4 ,mr4 ,jones1 ,i 0     
told1 _h at "o "t be5 a prea*] among !  
,me?odi/s4 ,he told me he w\ld be k9d to
 me1 b all 8 k9dness 0 religi\s         
k9dness--! wor/ k9dness ,i h ev]        
exp]i5c$4 ,i 0 !n ! sole occupant ( !   
,que5's evid5ce side ( ! prison1 a place
 ,i _h *os5 z ,i pref]r$ to be alone4 ,i
 _h a l>ge y>d & all ! cells to myself4 
,9 ?is solit>y place ^! magi/rates      
visit$ me4 ,aft] teaz+ me ) ,leslie = a 
long "t1 ,mr4 ,bransby ,coop] conclud$  
?us--',n[6 ,holyoake1 y are a ,dei/--are

 y n8' ,i %ook my head4 ',y _c be an    
a!i/1' he cont9u$1 'y don't look l "o4' 
,he said ?is1 ,i suppose1 see+ no horns 
on my head1 & no eyes on my elb[s1 z he 
expect$4 ,i answ]$ t ,i felt v          
unpleasantly h[ mu* ,i 0 9 _! p[]1 & _h 
!re=e "s reason to desire to oblige !m4 
,?\gh sorry to say :at might outrage !m 
or look l ob/9acy1 yet out ( respect to 
my own consci5ce ,i mu/ say t ,i 0 an   
a!i/4 ,^u ^! !y bo? flew into indignant 
revulsions1 & %\t$ 'a fool6 a fool6'    
till ! ro( rang4 ,capt4 ,mason 7!       
gov]nor71 :o accompani$ !m1 turn$ away a
 few paces1 ) ! air ( "o n c>+ to be    
witness ( s mu* rud5ess4       99 ,see  
,report ( ,gl\ce/] ,tr9ity ,sessions 9 !
 c\nty      pap]s ( t p]iod4  ,be=e     
leav+ !y said ( c\rse ,i %\ld employ    
c\nsel to def5d me4 ,i answ]$1 ',no1 ,i 
%\ld def5d myself z well z ,i 0 able4   
,b>ri/]s 7 n good at /at+ a case (      
consci5ce4' ,!y urg$1 !y ev5 coax$ me to
 ab&on ! idea ( def5d+ myself2 b f9d+ me
 n to be det]r$1 !y ?reat5$ me t x w\ld 

aggravate my case--rem9d$ me ( ,hone &  
o!rs1 & said t ! judge w\ld put me d[n &
 n he> me4 ,?is m5ace1 z w be se5       
h]eaft]1 did me great h>m4 ,!y report$  
my det]m9ation at ! ,tr9ity ,sessions z 
?\gh x 0 a matt] desirable to be av]t$4 
,mr4 ,bransby ,coop] 0 a bro!r ( ,sir   
,a/ley ,coop]4 ,he 0 =m]ly memb] =      
,gl\ce/]1 & :5 he suspect$ t ,i did n   
reg>d 8 dignity suffici5tly1 he w\ld    
slide 9 "s rem>k ab\t '8 fri5d' ,sir    
,james ,graham1 :o 0 !n ,secret>y (     
,/ate = ! ,home ,dep>tm5t4 ,bransby     
,coop] 0 ! s5ior magi/rate at ?is "t--a 
man ( v5]able & comm&+ aspect1 g5]\s to 
a fault 9 matt]s ( humanity1 h>% to a   
fault 9 matt]s ( religion4 ,on 8 way    
?r\gh ! city1 old wom5 w\ld way-lay him 
to beg4 ,fir/ rais+ 8 /ick aga9/ !m--!n 
?reat5+ to commit !m z vagrants--!y fl$ 
f him 9 mock t]ror1 b kn[+ ! g5]\s      
feel+s ( ! man !y return$ aga91 & be=e  
he rea*$ home he w\ld empty 8 pockets   
among !m4 ,"o m9ute he w\ld gr[l at me l
 an un*a9$ tig]--! next he w\ld utt] "s 

^w ( real sympa?y1 su* z came f no "o   
else1 & at ! end ( my imprisonm5t ,i    
p>t$ f him ) some?+ ( regret4 ,he _h !  
voice ( ,/5tor1 & ?\gh at fir/ 8 savage 
ro> %ook me1 at la/ ,i acquir$ an       
arti/ic lik+ = x1 & 8 voice 0 s gr& t ,i
 came to ! conclusion t he _h a natural 
"r to be a brute4 ,! old man1 aft] 8    
fa%ion1 lab\r$ v h>d = my conv]sion4 ,8 
son ,rob]t 0 *apla9 ( ! gaol1 & _h ,i   
happily be5 br\ght ov]1 ! old man w\ld h
 giv5 ! cr$it to 8 boy4 ,my conv]sion 0 
?us a sort ( family speculation4  ,^? :o
 s5t me to prison 9 default ( bail1 took
 c>e to make bail impossible to me by   
intimidat+ ^? :o w\ld h become my       
sureties1 & aft] two weeks' anxiety ,i 0
 oblig$ to accept ! g5]\s (f] ( two     
fri5ds 9 ,worce/]--,james ,b>nes & ,john
 ,dymond ,/ev5son--to come f t city &   
ent] into recognizances = me1 & ,i 0    
indebt$ to !m = my lib]ation1 aft]      
sixte5 days' imprisonm5t4  ,s ne> 0 my  
trial ^u my release t ,i _h to return to
 ,gl\ce/] )9 a =tnight4 ,a great desire 

( my y\? _h be5 to see ,london4 ,:5 ,i  
f\nd myself sudd5ly %ut up 9 gaol1 9    
prospect ( an indef9ite t]m (           
imprisonm5t1 :i* 9 my !n /ate ( heal?   
might prove fatal1 my sole remorse 0 t  
,i _h nev] se5 t city ( my dreams4 ,once
 aga9 at lib]ty ,i made a %ort visit to 
my family 9 ,birm+ham1 & ! next week    
f\nd me 9 ,london4  ,*af$ & sad1 )      
tremul\s he>t & irresolute /ep1 x seems 
b ye/]day t ,i walk$ ?r\gh ,woburn      
,place into ! city 9 :i* ,i n[ write4   
,its /reets1 its pride1 its magnific5ce 
en?rall$ me1 & its v pov]ty fasc9at$ me 
because ne>] to my de/9y4 ,savage &     
,johnson _h walk$ ^? squ>es h\seless1 & 
:y n ,i4 ,*att]ton _h p]i%$ 9 a g>ret1 &
 g>rets _h some?+ sacr$ 9 !m4 ,solit>y 9
 t two million multitude1 ,i 0 h>dly    
kn[n to any "o 9 x1 yet :5 ,i rememb]$ t
 ,i 0 9 ,london ,i felt an en*ant$      
gladness1 & 9 all vicissitudes ( =tune &
 *equ]$ /ruggles ) fate1 ,i h walk$ its 
magical /reets ) undimm$ joy1 & x is to 
me /ill a fairy l&1 ^: atmosph]e (      

en*antm5t feels z if x w\ld nev] leave  
me4  ,h[ sweetly1 h[ gratefully to me 7z
 words nev] read be=e7 came ! notice !  
,weekly ,dispat* gave ( my fir/ lecture 
9 ,london4 ,all ! night be=e ,i _h sat  
up ) ,ryall1 answ]+ correspond5ce &     
conc]t+ my def5ce4 ,:5 ,i rea*$ !       
,rotunda x 0 m fitt+ t ,i %\ld h f\nd a 
b$ !re ?an a ro/rum1 = :5 ,i rose to    
speak ,i 0 weak z well z timid4 ,to     
succe$ 9 any way 9 ,london 0 m ?an ,i   
v5tur$ to expect1 & ! nature ( ! report 
9 ! ,weekly ,dispat* inspir$ me ) ! hope
 ( at lea/ be+ tol]at$4  ,i ha/5$ back  
to ,gl\ce/]4 ,ei!r a ,secret>y ( ,/ate's
 ord]1 or a ,bill _h come into op]ation1
 ,i 0 nev] correctly in=m$ :i*1 remov+  
my trial f ! ,sessions to ! ,assizes1   
:i* gave me an imp>tial ,judge to       
det]m9e my case4 ,at a ,sessions' trial 
! p>ties :o _h caus$ my imprisonm5t1 & !
 magi/rates :o _h %[n !mselves my       
p]sonal oppon5ts1 w\ld h sat on ! ,b5*  
to try me4 ,?\gh unable to proce$ ) my  
trial aft] hav+ committ$ me1 !y put me  

to ! exp5se ( br++ my bail f ,worce/]1 &
 *>g$ me ,l#a #is4 = r5ew+ my sureties4 
,my arre/ caus$ a dem& = a!i/ical       
publications 9 ,*elt5ham1 :i* ,mr4      
,george ,adams1 p>tly z a fri5d to !    
free publication ( op9ion & p>tly f     
p]sonal fri5d%ip to me1 und]took to     
supply4 ,9 ?is he 0 jo9$ by 8 wife1     
,h>riet ,adams1 a v int]e/+ & c\rage\s  
woman4 ,on ,monday ev5+1 ,june #ac?1 at 
a public meet+ call$ to consid] ! gr\nds
 ( my own appreh5sion1 ,mr4 ,george     
,adams 0 arre/$ = sell+ ,no4 #be ( !    
,oracle1 & =?) convey$ to ! /ation-h\se4
 ,z soon z a k ( ! arre/ came to ! e>s (
 ,mrs4 ,adams1 %e w5t to ! /ation-h\se  
to see h] husb&1 :5 %e1 likewise1 0 s]v$
 ) a w>rant = sell+ ,no4 #d4 ,mrs4      
,adams says1 7! acc\nt _c be bett] r5d]$
 ?an 9 h] own words7 ',i w5t to see my  
husb& at ! /ation-h\se1 :5 ,i 0 deta9$2 
a policeman 0 s5t home ) me to fet* my  
infant1 & ,i _h to leave f\r at home 9  
b$4 ,! man t w5t ) me to ! /ation 0 a   
rude fell[2 he 0 q abusive to me1 tell+ 

me ,i %\ld be lock$ up f my husb&2 say+1
 x 0 q "t su* ?+s 7 put a /op to4 ,:5 we
 arriv$ at ! /ation-h\se he w\ld h lock$
 me 9 a cell ) drunk5 wom51 _h ,i n sat 
d[n 9 ! y>d & insi/$ on see+ !          
sup]9t5d5t1 :o !n all[$ me to sit up 9 a
 kit*51 :]e policem5 7 com+ 9 & out all 
night4 ,my husb& 0 mu* tr\bl$ on my     
acc\nt4' ,! f\r *ildr5 7 left lock$ up 9
 ! h\se alone4  ,mr4 ,bubb's spee*1 :5  
,adams 0 br\ght up1 is s curi\s a relic 
( prov9cial b>b>ism t ,i pres]ve x1 or  
^? :o are told ( x 9 "t to come w reg>d 
! /ory z "s malici\s fiction4 ,mr4 ,bubb
 op5$ ! *>ge by ju/ify+ himself &       
cli5ts--',x has be5 said t we are       
prosecut+ "h = ! ent]ta9+ ( op9ions     
m]ely4 ,t proposition ,i d5y4 ,!        
ent]ta9+ ( op9ions is n oppos$ to law if
 p keep !m to1 !mselves4 ,if !y /ep out 
( ! way1 & seek to propagate !m by      
und]m9+ ! in/itutions ( ! c\ntry1 by    
d5y+ ! exi/5ce ( a ,god1 by robb+ o!rs (
 ! hopes set be=e !m1 )\t (f]+ !        
flimsie/ pretext1 x is ! duty ( all to  

prev5t ?is4 ,su* is ! op9ion ( ^?       
g5tlem5 :o set on foot ^! proce$+s1 & no
 clam\r ( p]secution w prev5t !m f do+  
:at !y believe to be _! duty4 ,& if !re 
are any "h pres5t dispos$ to take up ?is
 un=tunate trade1 ,i w\ld assure !m t z 
long z ! law puni%es1 & ! magi/rates    
uphold ! law1 s long w !y br+ (f5d]s to 
ju/ice4 ,s long z m5 say !re is no ,god1
 or t ! religion ( ! /ate is a f>ce & a 
fallacy1 ^! g5tlem5 w n be det]r$ by any
 clam\r4' ,if ?is ?reat 7 c>ri$ out !   
magi/rates on e ,b5* w\ld h con/ant     
employm5t--especially if !y w\ld        
und]take1 z ,mr4 ,bubb appe>$ to        
promise1 to asc]ta9 :e!r or n we _h !   
'flimsie/ pretext' to (f] 9 def5ce ( !  
c\rse we took4  ,adams & 8 wife 7       
committ$ to take _! trials at !         
,sessions--9 ! wife's case x 0 purely   
vexati\s1 z !re 0 no "o b\nd ov] to     
prosecute h]4 ,yet ,adams1 ne>ly bl9d f 
an inflammation ( ! eyes1 & 8 wife ) h] 
*ild 9 h] arms1 7 kept sev]al days 9    
att5dance at ,gl\ce/]--?\gh ! same law  

:i* prev5t$ ! c\rt proce$+ 9 my case1   
prev5t$ ! c\rt f try+ ! ,adamses4 ,9    
fur!r aggravation ( loss1 ,l#a #ags4    
#f;d4 7 dem&$ = dis*>ge ( bail & ent]+  
new sureties--nor 0 "t all[$ to fet* !  
bail 7aft] !y 7 dem&$7 f ,*elt5ham1 !   
cl]k ann\nc+ t !y w\ld be e/reat$ at    
once4 ,^u ?is ,i direct$ ,mr4 & ,mrs4   
,adams to g into c\rt & say !y 7 prep>$ 
to take _! trial !n1 & !re 0 no occasion
 to e/reat ! prop]ty ( _! fri5ds4 ,"t 0 
!n all[$4  ,mrs4 ,adams 0 nev] tri$4    
,mr4 ,adams's trial took place at       
,gl\ce/] assizes1 imm$iately be=e my    
own4  ,! passage f ,no4 #be ( ! ,oracle1
 = :i* ,adams 0 indict$1 0 writt5 by my 
fri5d ,mr4 ,*ilton1 :o 0 outrag$ at my  
imprisonm5t1 & ran z foll[s3--  ,:at    
else c\ld be expect$ ( m5 :o deify a    
real or imag9>y individual1 a comp\nd ( 
ambition & folly1 ( mock humility &     
rampant tyranny2 :o1 ?\gh call$ !       
',pr9ce ( ,peace1' decl>$ he came to br+
 a sword 9 ! _w8 ,?is helli% mission he 
p]=m$ to p]fection1 = nev] s9ce 8 "t has

 blood & mis]y ceas$ to fl[ f 8 dogmas &
 my/]ies4  ,z ,i 0 v anxi\s to save     
,adams f consequ5ces :i* he incurr$     
?r\gh fri5d%ip to me1 ,i advis$ him to  
let ,mr4 ,?ompson def5d him4 ,?is       
g5tleman began by sympa?is+ ) all !     
disgu/ inv5t$ by ! c\nsel :o op5$ !     
prosecution1 & he end$ by express+      
,adams's sorr[ & contrition = :at he _h 
done--a contrition :i* he did n feel1 & 
w\ld r h und]gone mu* imprisonm5t ?an h 
_h x said t he did4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( !    
trials aris+ out ( ! ,oracle1 ,mr4      
,ralph ,?omas1 b>ri/]1 0 ! only c\nsel  
:o def5d$ u 9 c\rt )\t sacrific+ u4     
,tak+ w>n+ by ,mr4 ,?ompson's example1  
,i made x a rule to advise all our      
fri5ds to def5d !mselves1 & :]e         
unaccu/om$ to public speak+1 to write a 
brief def5ce 9 _! own language1 & aft]  
"s legal fri5d _h revis$ x1 to read x to
 ! c\rt4 ,we d n want lawy]s to def5d   
our op9ions1 ^? op9ions n be+ _! own1 b 
we want !m simply to ma9ta9 our "r to   
publi% :at are to u important           

convictions4 ,in/ead ( ?is !y commonly  
agree ) ! cr[n t we are crim9al = hav+ a
 consci5ce1 & !n1 9 our "n1 recant )    
'contrition' ! op9ions :i* we g into    
c\rt to ma9ta94  ,adams's s5t5ce 0      
deliv]$ 9 ! foll[+ words by ,mr4 ,ju/ice
 ,ersk9e3--',george ,adams1 y h be5     
convict$ ( ! (f5ce ( publi%+ a          
blasphem\s libel1 & ! libel :i* 0 prov$ 
to h be5 publi%$ by y 0 "o ( a mo/      
horrid & %ock+ "*4 ,:atev] a man's      
op9ions may be1 he c h no "r to give v5t
 to !m 9 t language4 ,if !re 0 evid5ce  
to prove t y 7 ! au?or1 or t y 7 engag$ 
z an active dissem9ator1 ,i %\ld h ?\ght
 x my duty to h inflict$ on y a v s]i\s 
imprisonm5t4 ,al?\gh by ! law ( ?is     
c\ntry e man has a "r to express 8      
s5tim5ts 9 dec5t language1 he has no    
bus9ess to make use ( su* %ock+ language
 z ?is4 ,b y h express$1 ?r\gh y\r      
c\nsel1 contrition2 & tru/+ t ?is is !  
g5]al feel+ ( y\r m9d1 ,i %all n ?9k x  
necess>y to pass on y a sev]e s5t5ce ?is
 "t4 ,b if y ev] (f5d aga91 x w !n be   

kn[n t y are det]m9$ to p]sev]e1 & x w  
be se5 :e!r ! law is n /rong en\gh to   
prev5t x4 ,! s5t5ce ( ! c\rt is1 t y be 
imprison$ 9 ! ,common ,gaol ( ?is c\nty 
= "o cal5d> mon?4  ,i 0 ) ,adams dur+ ! 
t]m ( 8 imprisonm5t1 & al?\gh 8 losses &
 ! privations ( 8 family 7 great1 he    
nev] utt]$ a murmur+ ^w4 ,f fir/ to la/ 
he behav$ well1 & ,mrs4 ,adams1 z wom5  
usually d1 behav$ bett]4  ,x is wor?y ( 
rem>k t :5 a g5tleman depos$ t ! "* (   
,mr4 ,adams '0 a patt]n ( morality1'    
,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e told ! jury t '_h  
,adams committ$ a robb]y su* a "* might 
h weight1 b 9 ext5uation ( religi\s     
(f5ce x 0 ( no s]vice4'    ,,*apt] ,,ii4
 ,,! ,,trial  ,! ,assizes op5$ on ! #f? 
( ,augu/1 #ahdb1 b my case did n come on
 till ! #ae?1 ,mr4 ,knight ,hunt 7!     
au?or ( ! ',f\r? ,e/ate'7 0 ! g5tleman  
engag$ to report my trial4 ,z ! judge 0 
in=m$ t ,i int5d$ to def5d myself he    
resolv$ to take my case la/4 ,?is caus$ 
! assizes to ext5d into a second week4  
,saturday came be=e ! cal5d> 0 exhau/$1 

& z !re 0 no kn[+ :e!r my trial c\ld be 
gone ?r\gh 9 a day1 ! fe> ( trespass+ on
 ,sunday l$ to ! c\rt's be+ ord]$ to op5
 on ,monday1 to ! annoyance ( javel9 m5 
kept !re unexpect$ly1 to jury m5 :o _h  
left tills1 pl\ghs1 & orange baskets    
unprotect$--& n lea/ to my prosecutors1 
:o saw ) "s con/]nation "s ,l#bjj add$  
to ! c\nty exp5ses1 = 9 ,*elt5ham       
bigotry is greatly pref]r$ :5 x is *eap4
  ,if ignorance w\ld look ^u its own    
degradation1 let x sp5d a few h\rs 9 an 
assize c\rt4 ,"o trial ,i witness$ 0 (  
two m5 = an (f5ce :i* inde$ arose out ( 
depravity1 b ! depravity arose out ( bad
 tra9+ & vici\s circum/ances4 ,! olde/  
man1 betwe5 =ty & fifty1 0 s5t5c$ to    
transportation = life to ,norfolk ,isl&1
 ! mo/ f]oci\s s5t5ce an ,engli% judge c
 pron\nce4 ,:5 ! man he>d x1 he b[$ 9   
g5u9e & awkw>d humbl5ess1 & said1 z he  
made a ru/ic b[ to ! b5*1 ',?ank'ee1 my 
,"l6' ,su* abject humiliation ( _s ,i _h
 nev] conceiv$ be=e4 ,ignorance nev]    
appe>$ to me s frightful1 s slavi%1 s   

bl9d1 z on ?is occasion4 ,unable to     
di/+ui% a s5t5ce pass$ ^u him f a s]vice
 done him1 he _h be5 taught to b[ to 8  
pa/ors & ma/]s1 & he b[$ alike :5 curs$ 
z :5 bless$4 ,! measur$ contempt ) :i* !
 words 7 spok5 by ! judge :i* bla/$ !   
man's "* = ev]--! scorn ) :i* he 0 ?ru/ 
out ( ! pale ( society1 nev] aga9 to "k 
fre$om or reputation1 made no impression
 on 8 d>k & s]vile s\l4 ,t appall+      
weight ( infamy fall+ on 8 head & on !  
heads ( 8 *ildr5--= :i* he might ju/ly h
 curs$ society--only elicit$ f him a    
',?ank'ee1 my ,"l6' ,if ignorance w\ld  
see its own degradation1 w\ld feel !    
incalculable dep? ( its abjectness1 let 
x sometimes sit = in/ruction 9 an assize
 c\rt4  ,! prelim9>y proce$+s at ! trial
 ,i %all r5d] z ,mr4 ,hunt gave !m1 9 ! 
?ird p]son--add+ :at1 f v>i\s causes1 0 
omitt$ at ! "t4  ,on ! morn+ ( ! trial !
 ,c\rt-h\se at ,gl\ce/] 0 v cr[d$4 ,_m  
ladies 7 pres5t f all p>ts ( ! c\nty3 ! 
wives ( cl]gym51 & "s ( ! nobility1 7   
among !m1 attract$ by curiosity1 & by ! 

opportunity :i* might nev] occur to !m  
aga9 ( he>+1 )\t loss ( ca/e1 a little  
h]esy def5d$ 9 p]son4 ,! audi5ce cont9u$
 undim9i%$ till t5 o'clock at night4  ,z
 ! "n ( ,george ,jacob ,holyoake 0      
call$1 he advanc$ & ent]$ ! dock4 ,mr4  
,ogd51 ! turnkey 9 *>ge ( prison]s1     
direct$ him ) ! usual air ( (ficial     
impati5ce to take 8 place at ! b>4  ,mr4
 ,holyoake4 ,d n be 9 a hurry4 ,fir/ h& 
me my books4  ,mr4 ,ogd54 7,look+       
indignantly at a l>ge cord$ box ly+     
outside ! dock47 ,y c't h t box "h4 ,y  
mu/ g to ! b> & plead4  ,mr4 ,holyoake4 
,nons5se4 ,h& me ! box4  ,x be+         
reluctantly h&$ up1 ,mr4 ,holyoake      
appli$ to ! judge1 ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e1
 = ! use ( a table4  ,mr4 ,ju/ice       
,ersk9e4 ,!re is "o4 7,he ref]r$ to "s  
bo>d+ beh9d ! b>71 & !re ,mr4 ,holyoake 
proce$$ to arrange 8 books &            
pap]s--al?\gh ! situation 0 n           
advantage\s1 x be+ l[] ?an ! b> :]e !   
prison]s usually /&4 ,mr4 ,holyoake     
employ$ tw5ty m9utes 9 ?is op]ation1 &  

:5 he _h done1 ! dock resembl$1 a "y    
booksell]'s /all4 ,mr4 ,holyoake !n     
advanc$ to ! b> & b[$ to ! c\rt4  ,mr4  
,ju/ice ,ersk9e 7:o _h wait$ ) great    
pati5ce74 ,are y ready8  ,mr4 ,holyoake 
repli$ affirmatively1 & ! cl]k proce$$  
to read ! indictm5t z foll[s3--         
,gl\ce/] to wit4--,! ,jurors = our lady 
! ,que51 ^u _! oa?1 pres5t t ,george    
,jacob ,holyoake1 late ( ! p>i% (       
,*elt5ham1 9 ! c\nty ( ,gl\ce/]1        
lab\r]199 be+ a wick$1 malici\s1 &      
evil-dispos$ p]son1 & disreg>d+ ! laws &
 religion ( ! realm1 & wick$ly &        
pr(anely devis+ & int5d+ to br+         
,almighty ,god1 ! ,holy ,scriptures1 & !
 ,*ri/ian religion1 into disbelief &    
contempt among ! p ( ?is k+dom1 on !    
tw5ty-f\r? day ( ,may1 9 ! fif? ye> ( ! 
reign ( our lady ! ,que51 ) =ce & arms1 
at ! p>i% a=esaid1 9 ! c\nty a=esaid1 9 
! pres5ce & he>+ ( div]s liege subjects 
( our said lady ! ,que51 malici\sly1    
unlawfully1 & wick$ly did compose1      
speak1 utt]1 pron\nce1 & publi% ) a l\d 

voice1 ( & conc]n+ ,almighty ,gog1 !    
,holy ,scriptures1 & ! ,*ri/ian         
religion1 ^! words foll[+1 t is to say1 
',i 7mean+ ! said ,george ,jacob        
,holyoake7 d n believe !re is su* a ?+ z
 a ,god2 ,i 7mean+ ! said ,george ,jacob
 ,holyoake7 w\ld h ! ,deity s]v$ z !y   
7mean+ ! gov]nm5t ( ?is k+dom7 s]ve !   
subalt]n1 place him 7mean+ ,almighty    
,god7 on half-pay'--to ! high           
displeasure ( ,almighty ,god1 to ! great
 sc&al & reproa* ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 
9 op5 violation ( ! laws ( ?is k+dom1 to
 ! evil example ( all o!rs 9 ! l case   
(f5d+1 & aga9/ ! peace ( our lady !     
,que51 h] cr[n & dignity4       99 ,x 0 
pure inv5tion t describ$ me z a'        
lab\r]4'      ,x 0 a t]m ( degradation 9
 ! c\nty1 & !re=e      employ$--my      
pr(ession 0 t ( a ,ma!matical ,tea*]4   
,mr4 ,holyoake plead$ ,n ,guilty1 &     
appli$ to h ! names ( ! jury call$ ov]  
s+ly & di/9ctly4  ,mr4 ,alex&]1 c\nsel =
 ! prosecution1 said ! (f5ce be+ only a 
misdemean\r1 ! def5dant _h no "r to     

*all5ge4  ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e4 ,( c\rse
 n1 unless reasons are giv5 9 ea* case4 
,cl]k4 ,! "n ( ,john ,lovesey is fir/4  
,mr4 ,holyoake4 ,i object to ,lovesey4  
,he sat on ! b5* :5 ,i 0 be=e !         
magi/rates at ,*elt5ham1 & approv$ !    
proce$+s aga9/ me4 ,he is n dis9t]e/$ 9 
?is matt]4  ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e said t 
0 n suffici5t reason = *all5g+4         
,loresey decl>$ he '%udd]$ at ! crime ( 
! prison]1' & aft] "s fur!r conv]sation1
 ! judge hav+ obs]v$ x 0 'z well to g1' 
,lovesey left ! box4  ,mr4 ,holyoake4 ,9
 ! case ( ,mr4 ,s\?well he 0 all[$ to   
*all5ge4  ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e4 ,i am n 
b\nd by ! ,record] ( ,bri/ol4  ,! names 
( ! o!r jurors hav+ be5 call$ ov]1 ,mr4 
,holyoake object$ to "o on ! gr\nd ( 8  
be+ a f>m]1 & f 8 pr(ession n likely to 
be acqua9t$ ) ! nature ( ! "q at        
issue499  ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e said he  
c\ld n sit !re to li/5 to su*           
objections4 ,mr4 ,holyoake say+ he _h no
 objection to urge :i* 8 lord%ip w\ld   
all[1 'sev5 f>m]s1 "o groc]1 "o p\lt]]1 

"o mill]1 "o nondescript %opkeep]1 & "o 
malt/]1 7 !n impanel$ to asc]ta9 :e!r "o
 ,george ,jacob ,holyoake _h _h a fight 
) ,omnipot5ce1 :e!r he _h done 8 utmo/  
to br+ ! ,deity into contempt1 :e!r he  
_h f\ght ,omnipot5ce ) =ce ( arms1 & _h 
spok5 aga9/ x or him ) a l\d voice4'9999
       99 ,a p\lt]] is call$ ^u1 "u oa?1
 to decide ?is      great !ological &   
philosophical "q t has      agitat$ ! _w
 = s _m hundr$ c5turies4444444,to       
make a p\lt]] a sov]eign judge ( !ology 
is on a p>      ) mak+ ! ,ar*bi%op (    
,cant]bury a judge (                    
p\ltry4--,weekly ,dispat*1 ,augu/ #ah4  
#ahdb4 ,x has be5      object$ to ?is t 
v likely 8 ,grace ( ,cant]bury is      a
 v good judge ( p\ltry4       9999      
',publicola's' second lett] to ,judge   
,ersk9e4--,weekly      ,dispat*1 ,sep   
#ah1 #ahdb  ,! foll[+ is ! li/ ( !      
jury3--  ,?omas ,g>d9]1 groc]1          
,*elt5ham1 ,=eman4  ,james ,reeve1 f>m]1
 ,*$wor?4  ,william ,ellis1 f>m]1       
,*$wor?4  ,av]y ,trotman1 f>m]1 ,*$wor?4

  ,william ,ma!ws1 p\lt]]1 ,*elt5ham4'  
,simon ,viz>d1 %opkeep]1 ,oldl&4 ,isaac 
,tombs1 f>m]1 ,:itcomb4 ,william        
,wilson1 malt/]1 ,brimpsfield4 ,edw9    
,br[n1 f>m]1 ,)+ton4 ,bevan ,smi?1 f>m]1
 ,h>escomb4 ,william ,smi?1 mill]1      
,r>nwood4 ,joseph ,%ipp1 f>m]1 ,yate4   
,mr4 ,holyoake4 ,c ,i h a copy ( !      
indictm5t8  ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e4 ,i _h 
"o made = y 9 consequ5ce ( y\r          
application to ! c\rt la/ week4  ,mr4   
,holyoake4 ,yes1 my "l1 b aft] ,i _h    
?ank$ y = y\r c\rtesy 9 s do+1 ,i 0 ask$
 #hs4 #f;d4 = x by 7n be+ able to call  
him by 8 "n1 ,mr4 ,holyoake said7 t s\r 
look+ g5tleman !re1 7po9t+ to ! cl]k ( !
 c\rt1 an individual z du/y & z =bidd+ z
 an old p5al /atute1 & :o always spoke  
to ,mr4 ,holyoake l "o4 ,! c\rt laugh$1 
! judge fr[n$1 ! cl]k look$ indignant1 b
 be=e c5sure c\ld fall1 ,mr4 ,holyoake  
escap$ into ! next s5t5ce1 add+71 aft] !
 num]\s exactions ,i 0 subject$ to at ! 
sessions1 aft] be+ br\ght "h by !       
magi/rates & !n n tri$1 ,i did n ?9k    

myself ju/ifi$ 9 pay+ any m1 & ! cl]k   
refus$ x me4  ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e4 ,i  
ord]$ a copy to be made = y1 b did n ?9k
 x necess>y t y %\ld h x on any o!r ?an 
! usual conditions499  ,mr4 ,holyoake4  
,c ,i be all[$ to read ! indictm5t aga9/
 me8  ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e4 ,c]ta9ly4   
,! cl]k !n h&$ a copy to ,mr4 ,holyoake1
 :o on obs]v+ ! c\nsel = ! prosecution  
rise1 left ! b> & plac$ himself :]e he  
c\ld face ,mr4 ,alex&]1 ) a view to take
 notes4 ,! judge v c\rte\sly ask$ if    
,mr4 ,holyoake desir$ note-pap] & p5s1  
:i* he accept$1 &3  ,mr4 ,alex&]        
said--,g5tlem5 ( ! jury3 ,! def5dant at 
! b> is indict$1 n = writ+1 b = speak+ &
 utt]+ c]ta9 wick$ & blasphem\s words4  
,?is p]son is n1 z 9 ! case previ\sly   
br\ght be=e y\r att5tion19999 ! v5dor1 b
 he is ! au?or ( ! blasphemy4 ,f !      
co9cid5ce ( words1 he is ! editor-,mr4  
,ju/ice ,ersk9e4 ,y mu/ n proce$ 9 t    
way4 ,y mu/ n assume--       99 ,?is    
copy ( ,indictm5t occupi$ n q "o %eet ( 
pap]1 = :i* eight %ill+s & sixp5ce 7    

ask$6       9999,t ( ,george ,adams4    
,mr4 ,alex&]4 ,i am aw>e1 my "l1 t ,i   
may n ass]t ! id5tity ( ! def5dant ) !  
"w allud$ to--,i 0 only go+ to draw !   
att5tion ( ! g5tlem5 ( ! jury to !      
co9cid5ce ( ! words4 ,b ,i w proce$ ) my
 case4 ,! def5dant1 on ! #bd? ( ,may    
la/1 issu$ plac>ds = a lecture to be    
deliv]$ 9 ,*elt5ham4 ,9 ^! plac>ds he   
ann\nc$1 n ! diabolical1 ! dreadful     
topics :i* he descant$ ^u1 n any?+ :i*  
w\ld lead ! read] to imag9e or expect   
:at really took place--b he gave out 8  
subject z a lecture ^u ,home            
,colonisation1 ,emigration1 & ! ,poor   
,laws4 ,m>k ?is1 g5tlem5 ( ! jury4 ,_h  
he giv5 9 8 ann\ncem5ts any h9t ( :at 0 
to take place1 8 end might h be5        
defeat$1 & no audi5ce attract$ to li/5  
to ! blasphem\s expressions y h he>d set
 out 9 ! indictm5t4 ,b he did obta9 an  
audi5ce1 a num]\s audi5ce1 & !n decl>$ t
 ! p 7 too poor to h a religion--t he   
himself _h no religion--t he did n      
believe 9 su* a ?+ z a ,god2 &--?\gh x  

pa9s me to repeat ! horrible            
blasphemy--t he w\ld place ! ,deity ^u  
half-pay4 ,i %all call witnesses to     
prove all ?is1 & !n x w be = y to say if
 he is guilty4 ,x may be urg$ to y t ^! 
?+s 7 said 9 answ] to a "q1 t ! inu5does
 mu/ be made out4 ,inu5does6 ,i %\ld ?9k
 x an insult to ! und]/&+s ( twelve     
jurym5--( twelve intellig5t m5--to call 
witnesses to prove inu5does3 b ,i %all  
place ! case be=e y1 & leave x 9 y\r    
h&s4 ,i am sure ,i ne$ n speak1 ,i ne$ n
 dilate ^u ! consequ5ce ( insult+ t     
,deity we are z mu* b\nd1 z incl9$1 to  
rev]5ce4 ,he !n call$ ,james ,b>tram--:o
 said3 ,i am a pr9t] at ,*elt5ham1      
employ$ ^u ! ,*elt5ham ,*ronicle2 att5d$
 ! lecture ( def5dant1 j aft] n9e       
o'clock2 !re 7 ab\t "o hundr$ p]sons    
pres5t ( bo? sexes2 ! plac>d ann\nc$    
',home ,colonisation1 ,emigration1 ,poor
 ,laws ,sup]s$$2' he>d a man put a "q to
 ,mr4 ,holyoake2 he said1' ,! lectur]   
has be5 speak+ ( our duty to man1 b he  
has said no?+ z reg>ds our duty t[>ds   

,god4' ,prison] repli$1 ',i am ( no     
religion at all--,i d n believe 9 su* a 
?+ z a ,god4 ,! p ( ?is c\ntry are too  
poor to h any religion4 ,i w\ld s]ve !  
,deity z ! gov]nm5t does !              
subalt]n--place him on half-pay4' ,he 0 
! l5g? ( ! room (f2 ,i he>d him         
di/9ctly2 he spoke 9 a di/9ct voice4    
,cross-exam9$ by ,mr4 ,holyoake4 ,y say 
,i said ! p 7 too poor to h any         
religion2 w y /ate ! reasons ,i gave8   
,witness4 ,i c give ! sub/ance1 if n !  
words2 'y said1 ',! great exp5se (      
religion to ! c\ntry4'  ,mr4 ,holyoake4 
,i w ?ank y to /ate ! o!r reasons8      
,witness4 ,i don't recollect any o!r    
reason99  ,mr4 ,holyoake4 ,n[1 y h sworn
 ! words are blasphem\s--  ,mr4 ,ju/ice 
,ersk9e4 ,no1 he has n4  ,mr4 ,holyoake4
 ,w y /ate if ! words are blasphem\s8   
,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e said su* a "q c\ld 
only be put ?r\gh him4 ,he !n put !     
"q--d y consid] ! words blasphem\s8     
,witness4 ,i d4  ,mr4 ,holyoake4 ,:y d y
 ?9k !m blasphem\s8  ,witness4 ,because 

!y revile ! maje/y ( heav51 & are       
calculat$ to subv]t peace1 law1 & ord]2 
& are puni%able by human law1 because !y
 attack human au?ority4  ,mr4 ,holyoake4
 ,:o has in/ruct$ y to def9e blasphemy  
?us8  ,witness4 ,i h n be5 in/ruct$1 x  
is my own op9ion4  ,mr4 ,holyoake4 ,at  
,*elt5ham1 dur+ my exam9ation be=e !    
magi/rates1 y did n appe> to h ^!       
notions4 ,w y swe> y h n concoct$ t     
answ] = ?is occasion8  ,witness4 ,i did 
n expect su* a "q w\ld be put2 ,i did n 
expect to be cate*is$4  ,mr4 ,holyoake4 
,:o advis$ y to att5d z a witness8      
,witness4 ,! magi/rates s5t = me4  ,mr4 
,holyoake4 ,did y n "k be=e ! day ( my  
commitm5t some?+ ( ?is matt]8  ,witness4
 ,!re 0 "s '*aff' 9 ! (fice ab\t x2 t's 
all ,i he>d ( x2 a policeman 0 s5t f !  
magi/rates = me to give ! names (       
witnesses :o 7 to appe>4 ,don't "k :y ! 
policeman came to me2 don't "k 8 "n2 no 
cl]gyman has spok5 to me1 t ,i          
recollect1 ^u ! subject ( ?is           
prosecution2 n sure ( x2 sev]al p]sons h

 spok5 to me1 _c say !y 7 cl]gym52 ,i d 
n "k ! p>ties :o got up ! prosecution1  
or s5t ! policeman to me2 ! report 0    
furni%$ to ! pap] ,i "w on by ano!r     
p]son2 ,i saw ! report]'s notes1 b n !  
editor's obs]vations till ! galleys 7   
pull$4 ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e4 ,:at d y   
mean by galleys pull$8 ,witness4 ,brass 
slides1 my "l4  ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e4 ,y
 mean1 ,i suppose1 till all ! types 7   
up8  ,witness4 ,yes1 my "l4             
,cross-exam9ation resum$4 ,d n "k ( my  
own k :o made ! report2 h be5 t5 ye>s 9 
employm5t at ,*ronicle (fice2 "k x 0    
said 9 t pap] t ?ree witnesses f t (fice
 c\ld prove :at _h occurr$ at ! lecture2
 ! "n ( report] ( our pap] is ,edw>d    
,wills2 ,i he>d y\r lecture1 y said no?+
 aga9/ morality4 ,mr4 ,holyoake4 ,w y   
/ate y\r op9ion ( morality8 ,mr4 ,ju/ice
 ,ersk9e4 ,! "q is irrelevant4 ,mr4     
,holyoake4 ,did y ?9k ,i spoke my hone/ 
convictions8 ,witness4 ,i ?\ght y spoke 
:at y meant2 y spoke /raight=w>dly4  ,! 
judge "h int]pos$1 to /op ,mr4 ,holyoake

 f ask+ z to witness's op9ions4         
,cross-exam9ation resum$--,witness4 ,i  
%\ld n h lo/ my situation if ,i _h n    
come =w>d 9 ?is case2 9 my op9ion y     
spoke wick$ly1 z /at$ 9 indictm5t2 ,i   
did n notice t y spoke contemptu\sly :5 
us+ ! ^w ?+1 b y us$ ! ^w2 !re 7 o!r    
words betwe5 ^? us$ 9 indictm5t2 !y did 
n1 is 9 t docum5t1 foll[ "o ano!r2 ,i d 
n rememb] ! words2 y spoke ( ! enorm\s  
sums ( money sp5t ^u religion1 & !      
pov]ty ( ! p1 & aft]w>ds1 & 9 connection
 ) t1 said y w\ld place ,deity z        
gov]nm5t did ! subalt]ns--on half-pay2  
,i h be5 a prea*]4  ,re-exam9$ by ,mr4  
,alex&]4 ,i h be5 un9t]rupt$ly t5 ye>s 9
 ! same employm5t2 d n give evid5ce f   
fe> or rew>d2 b f a s5se ( duty4  ,mr4  
,alex&]4 ,t is ! case = ! prosecution1  
my "l4  ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e4 ,n[ is !  
"t = y\r def5ce4  ,mr4 ,holyoake4 ,i am 
n a little surpris$ to he> t ! case = ! 
prosecution is clos$4 ,i h he>d no?+1 n 
"o ^w1 to prove ! *>ge 9 ! indictm5t4   
,!re has be5 adduc$ no evid5ce to %[ t  

,i h utt]$ words malici\sly & wick$ly   
blasphem\s4 ,i submit to y\r lord%ip t  
!re is n suffici5t evid5ce be=e ! ,c\rt4
  ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e4 ,t is = ! jury  
to decide4  ,mr4 ,holyoake4 ,i ?\ght1 my
 "l1 z ! evid5ce is s manife/ly         
insuffici5t to prove malice1 y w\ld h   
felt b\nd to direct my acquittal4  ,mr4 
,ju/ice ,ersk9e4 ,x is = ! jury to say  
:e!r !y are satisfi$4  ,mr4 ,holyoake4  
,!n1 ,g5tlem5 ( ! ,jury1 x n[ becomes my
 duty to address y on ! nature ( ! *>ge 
pref]r$ aga9/ me1 & ( ! evid5ce by :i* x
 is attempt$ to be support$4 ,:5 ,i /ood
 9 ?is c\rt a week ago1 & saw ! gr& jury
 ) ,mr4 ,grantley ,b]keley at _! head z 
=eman--:5 ,i he>d 8 lord%ip1 surr\nd$ by
 le>n$ c\nsel1 deliv] 8 *>ge 9 ! mid/ ( 
p]sons di/+ui%$ = le>n+1 = eloqu5ce1 =  
exp]i5ce1 & = lit]>y atta9m5ts--  ,i !n 
?\ght1 z ,i n[ d1 t ?is c\rt c\ld f9d   
nobl] means ?an ! employm5t ( brute =ce 
to c\nt]act any?+ ,i c\ld attempt--:i*  
,i nev] h done--to br+ ! truly sacr$    
into contempt4 ,i ?\ght ,i nev] %\ld be 

call$ ^u to /& 9 ?is dock1 ) all its    
pollut+ & disgu/+ associations1 to answ]
 = m]e matt]s ( speculative op9ion4 ,i  
did ?9k t su* p]sons possess$ a s5se ( !
 p[]s ( ! human m9d t w\ld h prev5t$ !  
int]position ( p5al judges ^u su*       
subjects4  ,b to ,mr4 ,grantley         
,b]keley1 z =eman ( ! gr& jury :o f\nd a
 true bill aga9/ me1 ,i beg to draw y\r 
att5tion4 ,mr4 ,grantley ,b]keley1 z y  
are aw>e1 is bro!r to ! memb]1 ,mr4 ,c4 
,b]keley1 :o attempt$ to v9dicate !     
conduct ( ! ,*elt5ham magi/rates f !    
allegations aga9/ !m by ,sir ,james     
,graham 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,9 ! rec5t
 case ( ,mr4 ,mason1 :o 0 tak5 f a      
meet+1 z ,i 0 at ,*elt5ham1 by a        
policeman1 illegally1 )\t a w>rant1 !   
doctr9e 0 laid d[n by a cab9et m9i/]1 9 
! ,h\se ( ,commons1 t if ! p]son s      
arre/$ 0 subsequ5tly f\nd guilty by a   
jury1 ! illegal appreh5sion 0 ju/ifi$4  
,see h[ ?is applies to my case4 ,i 0    
tak5 f a public meet+ a week aft] !     
objectionable words 7 spok52 0 tak5 by a

 policeman at ne> midnight2 )\t a       
w>rant4 ,?is 0 ju/ly deem$ illegal4 ,i  
sat 9 ! gall]y ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons :5 !
 ,hon4 ,memb] = ,ba? br\ght =w>d my     
case1 & :5 ,sir ,james ,graham1 9       
ref]5ce to ! correspond5ce :i* _h tak5  
place ) ! magi/rates1 _h ! frankness to 
say1 '!re _h be5 s]i\s irregul>ities &  
unnecess>y h>%ness us$ 9 ! case (       
,holyoake4' ,9 ?is c\ntry f\r ?\s&      
applications are annually made to !     
,secret>y ( ,/ate = ! ,home ,dep>tm5t1 &
 out ( t f\r ?\s& my case is spok5 ( z  
"o 9 :i* s]i\s irregul>ities _h occurr$1
 & unnecess>y h>%ness be5 employ$4 ,& t 
amid ! num]\s affairs ( ?is great empire
 x %\ld h receiv$ ?is di/9ct notice is  
presumptive evid5ce t x conta9$ mu* t   
%\ld be correct$4 ,on ,?ursday1 ,july   
#ba1 ! ,hon4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,b]keley1 address+
 ! ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 said1  
',i wi% to ask ! ,"r ,hon4 ,b>onet !    
,secret>y = ! ,home ,dep>tm5t a "q1 b 9 
ord] to make x intelligible to ! ,h\se1 
x w be necess>y = me to ref] to :at took

 place on ,tuesday la/4 ,x appe>s t ^u t
 day ! ,hon4 memb] = ,ba? /at$1 t z a   
p]son nam$ ,holyoake _h be5 committ$ to 
prison1 at ,*elt5ham1 9 an improp]      
mann]1 he wi%$ to "k :e!r ! ,"r ,hon4 ! 
,secret>y = ! ,home ,dep>tm5t _h any    
objection to produce ! correspond5ce :i*
 _h tak5 place ^u t subject--to :i* !   
,"r ,hon4 ,b>onet repli$ t1 he felt     
call$ on 9 ! dis*>ge ( 8 duty to inquire
 into ! circum/ances ( ! commitm5t 9    
"q--he f\nd t s]i\s irregul>ities _h be5
 committ$1 & he express$ 8 op9ion to t  
effect--b z legal proce$+s 7 likely to  
result out ( :at _h occurr$1 he did n   
?9k x w\ld be judici\s 9 ! ,hon4 & le>n$
 ,g5tleman to press = ! production ( !  
correspond5ce4444  444,! ,"r ,hon4      
,b>onet kn[s1 or at lea/ ought to "k1 t 
no su* imputation c\ld ) propriety be   
ca/ ^u ! magi/rates1 = by ! #crd section
 ( ! #bnd & #crd ( ,victoria1 commonly  
call$ ! ,c\nty ,con/abul>y ,act1 no     
magi/rate or magi/rates1 9 petty        
sessions assembl$1 c int]f]e ) or       

control ! *ief con/able1 or any         
sub-con/able1 9 ! dis*>ge ( _! duties1 z
 ! rules & regulations = ^! all emanate 
f ! (fice ( ! ,"r ,hon4 ,b>onet4 ,x     
!re=e 0 exce$+ly unfair t ^! imputations
 %\ld g =?1 & ,i h !re=e n[ to ask1 on  
behalf ( ! magi/rates1 :e!r ! ,"r ,hon4 
,b>onet objects to ! correspond5ce be+  
pr9t$ & circulat$ ) ! votes ( ! h\se1 & 
9 case he %\ld object ,i %all (f] x = ! 
p]usal ( ! ,hon4 ,memb] = ,ba?4' ,sir   
,james ,graham1 9 reply1 said1 ',i _h no
 int5tion :atev] to ca/ any imputation  
on ! g5tlem51 :o t day =m$ ! ,petty     
,sessions4 ,my obs]vation m prop]ly     
appli$ to ! capture ( ,holyoake1 & !    
unnecess>y h>%ness us$ 9 8 conveyance f 
! magi/rates' (fice4 ,at ! same "t ,i   
%all object to ! pr9t+ ( ! correspond5ce
 ) ! votes1 z no good result w\ld come f
 x4 ,( c\rse ! hon4 memb] is at lib]ty  
to (f] x to ! ,hon4 ,memb] = ,ba? if he 
*ooses--b ,i repeat1 t z legal proce$+s 
7 p5d+1 ,i ?9k su* c\rse n advisable4'  
,?is is a mo/ flagrant attempt at       

ju/ification4 ,! ,act ! hon4 memb] quot$
 relat$ to ,petty ,session magi/rates1  
be=e :om he knew my case _h nev] come1 &
 ( :om1 !re=e1 no compla9t c\ld h be5   
made4 ,b ,mr4 ,b]keley _h a fri5dly     
purpose to s]ve4 ,! magi/rates & _!     
fri5ds h ! /ronge/ motives = f9d+ a true
 bill aga9/ me--& !y h motives equally  
p[]ful = desir+ t y\r v]dict %\ld be    
'guilty1' inasmu* z t v]dict w ju/ify   
all ^! 'irregul>ities'--all !           
'unnecess>y h>%ness'--w remove f _!     
%\ld]s all ! responsibility :i* !y      
incurr$ by ! c\rse !y h pursu$ t[>ds me4
 ,be> 9 m9d1 g5tlem5 ( ! jury1 if !     
rights are to be enjoy$ ab\t :i* we s   
mu* glorify ourselves1 cases ( ?is k9d  
mu/ n be all[$ to pass unnotic$4 ',s]i\s
 irregul>ities' dem& s]i\s notice4      
,arbitr>y infraction ( ! lib]ty ( !     
subject mu/ n receive ! sanction ( a    
jury4 ,recollect t ! same c\rse may be  
pursu$ t[>ds any "o ( y1 & t if x       
receives y\r sanction x w be made a     
prec$5t ( law--& p]nici\s may be its    

influ5ce4  ,b ,i w\ld draw y\r att5tion 
to a pr9t$ report ( rem>ks1 made by 8   
lord%ip1 9 8 *>ge to ! gr& jury ^u my   
case1 ,i d n = a mom5t believe t 8      
lord%ip _h o!r ?an fair int5tions1 b1   
un=tunately1 8 rem>ks w h a contr>y     
effect on ^? :o h to judge my case4 ,i h
 9 my h& ! ,*elt5ham ,*ronicle1 (       
,w$nesday la/1 ,augu/ #aj?1 f :i* ,i w  
read4 ',^! (f5ces1' he said1 ref]r+ to !
 cases ( blasphemy1 'lay at ! root ( all
 ! crime :i* prevail$1 & a consid]ation 
( ! causes out ( :i* !y sprung po9t$ to 
! only effici5t rem$y = _! removal4 ,9 !
 case ( ,holyoake1 8 lord%ip obs]v$ t a 
"w call$ ! ,oracle ( ,reason _h be5     
pr9t$ & circulat$ conta9+ language :i*  
he did n ?9k x "r to repeat2 language 9 
:i* ! writ] trac$ all ! evil :i* exi/$ 9
 ! _w1 n to ! real cause--! evil        
passions ( ! human he>t--b to ! exi/5ce 
( ,*ri/ianity itself4 ,?is 0 foll[$ by !
 mo/ opprobri\s language'--  ,mr4       
,ju/ice ,ersk9e 7int]rupt+74 ,i nev]    
said any?+ ( t k9d--t pr9t$ report is   

entirely incorrect4  ,mr4 ,holyoake4 ,i 
w read "s notes ( y\r lord%ip's *>ge1   
tak5 at ! "t ( its deliv]y by a report]4
 ,b :e!r ! report 9 ! ,*ronicle is      
correct or incorrect1 x has _h its      
influ5ce 9 lead+ ! public1 & probably   
?is jury1 to a prejudgm5t ( my case4    
',!re are o!r *>ges :i* seem at once to 
lead ! m9d to ! consid]ation ( ! root ( 
all ! evil :i* =ms ! subject ( our      
pres5t consid]ation4 ,i allude to two   
*>ges ( blasphemy4 ,9 "o ! accus$ is    
said to h sold & publi%$ a pap] call$ ! 
,oracle ( ,reason conta9+ language :i*  
,i %all n ?9k x "r to read1 9 :i* !     
writ] traces ! evils at pres5t exi/+1 n 
to ! evil passions ( man1 b to ! exi/5ce
 ( ,*ri/ianity1 & foll[s x up ) ! mo/   
opprobri\s language to ! ,savi\r & 8    
sy/em1 *>g+ him ) be+ ! occasion ( all !
 crime & mis]y :i* prevail4 ,! second   
*>ge is aga9/ a man :o gave a lecture1 9
 ! c\rse ( :i* he discuss$ ! prop] way (
 tea*+ man 8 duty to 8 neighb\r4 ,a     
p]son sugge/$ t he _h said no?+ ab\t    

tea*+ man 8 duty to 8 ,god4 ,t l$ to a  
/atem5t :i* %[s ! folly ( ! p]son2 & he 
foll[$ x up by mak+ use ( su* language  
t1 if y believe x 0 int5d$ to h de/roy$ 
! rev]5ce = ,god1 he has subject$       
himself to puni%m5t4 ,!re is ano!r      
?+--he does n appe> to h int5d$ to      
discuss ?is2 b if y are conv9c$ t1 by   
:at he has said1 he int5d$ to br+       
religion into contempt1 he is guilty (  
blasphemy4 ,if su* addresses _h be5     
direct$ to ! educat$ classes1 x might h 
be5 ?\ght !y w\ld rem$y !mselves2 b :5  
!y are deliv]$ among p]sons n educat$1 !
 greate/ dang] might be expect$4 ,x is n
 by ! puni%m5t ( ^? :o attempt to       
mislead ! ignorant t we c hope to cure !
 evil4 ,if we feel t x is f ! ignorance 
( ^? p]sons to :om ! addresses are      
deliv]$ t ! dang] is to be appreh5d$1 x 
becomes our imp]ative duty to tea* ^?   
p]sons4 ,"s p]sons h said1 ,in/ruct !   
poor 9 read+ & writ+1 b leave !m to le>n
 religion at home4 ,b :at w\ld y say to 
a man :o w\ld manure 8 l&1 & leave x to 

f9d se$ = itself8 ,x w\ld produce no?+ b
 we$s4 ,i "k !re is great difficulty 9  
arrang+ any national s*ools2 b1 z we are
 all individually suff]]s1 ,i hope we   
%all jo9 9 ext5d+ a national religi\s   
education1 s t all may le>n to d "r1 n f
 a fe> ( puni%m5t1 b f a f> nobl]       
motive--! k t (f5ces aga9/ ! laws are   
contr>y to ! precepts ( ! ^w ( ,god1 &  
ho/ile to ! be/ int]e/s ( society4'  ,i 
fe> 8 lord%ip may n give me cr$it =     
s9c]ity2 b ,i d assure y1 g5tlem5 ( !   
jury1 no "o he>d "s ( ^? s5tim5ts ) m   
pleasure ?an ,i did4 ,i did n expect s  
mu* lib]ality4 ,if su* advice _h be5    
foll[$1 ,i %\ld n n[ be /&+ "h to def5d 
po9ts ( a speculative nature4 ,su*      
errors %\ld be correct$ by argum5t1 9 ! 
ar5a ( public op9ion4 ,:]e ,i utt]$ ^!  
words1 !y %\ld h be5 refut$4 ,! witness 
aga9/ me says he is a prea*]2 _h he no  
^w 9 answ]8 c\ld he say no ^w = 8 ,god8 
,no2 he1 & ^? :o employ & abet him1 %r9k
 f ! attempt1 & seek to puni% 9 ?is dock
 op9ions !y _c refute4 ,is ?is a c\rse  

becom+ ^? :o say !y h tru? on _! side8  
,8 lord%ip said 'emiss>ies are go+      
ab\t4' ,i am no emiss>y1 & ! t]m z      
appli$ to me is unju/4 ,i might1 ev5 by 
! admission ( ,mr4 ,bubb1 'und]m9e' m5's
 religion1 g ab\t secretly dissem9at+ my
 op9ions1 )\t dang] ( /&+ "h4 ,b ,i     
spoke op5ly2 & y :o usually h to puni%  
di%one/y1 are n[ call$ ^u to puni% its  
non-committal1 = a little ly+ w\ld h    
sav$ me f ?is *>ge4 ,i h infr+$ no law1 
injur$ no man's reputation1 tak5 no     
man's prop]ty1 attack$ no man's p]son1  
brok5 no promise1 violat$ no oa?1       
enc\rag$ no evil1 taught no             
immorality--set only an example ( free  
speak+4 ,i 0 ask$ a "q1 & answ]$ x      
op5ly4 ,i am n ev5 *>g$ ) decl>+        
dogmatically1 ',!re is no ,god4' ,i only
 express$ an op9ion4 ,i %\ld hold myself
 degrad$ c\ld ,i desc5d to inquire1 be=e
 utt]+ my convictions1 if !y met !      
approval ( e anonym\s man 9 ! audi5ce4  
,i nev] =get t o!r m5's op9ions may be  
correct--t o!rs may be "r z well z      

myself1 ,i h put =? my own op9ions      
op5ly1 f a conviction ( _! tru?2 & !    
s5tim5ts ,i _c def5d ,i %\ld scorn l my 
prosecutors to invoke an attorney-g5]al 
to protect4 ,i seek a public place1 :]e 
any man may refute me if he c1 & convict
 me z wilful or ignorant4 ,i %\ld ?9k   
myself degrad$ if ,i publi%$ secretly4  
,:at c we ?9k ( ! morality ( a law :i*  
requires secret inquiry1 :i* prohibits !
 free publication ( op9ion8  ,mr4       
,ju/ice ,ersk9e4 ,y mu/ h he>d me /ate !
 law1 t if x be done s]i\sly & dec5tly  
all m5 are at lib]ty to /ate op9ions4   
,mr4 ,holyoake4 ,:atev] ! law says1 if  
an in=m] c c>ry ! words to p]sons       
int]e/$ 9 _! suppression--if policem5 c 
be s5t to appreh5d1 )\t w>rants1 ! man  
:o publicly expresses 8 op9ions--if he c
 be h&cuff$ l a felon1 & ?ru/ into a    
gaol--if indictm5ts c be br\ght aga9/   
him1 & he be put to ru9\s exp5ses &     
h>ass+ anxieties1 h[ev] hone/ !         
expression ( op9ion may be--!n1 ,i say1 
?is 'lib]ty-law' is a mock]y4 ,b by ! ^w

 'dec5t' is meant ':at ^? 9 au?ority ?9k
 prop]4' ,!re %\ld be no c5sor%ip (     
op9ions2 b ,i am told t because ,i spoke
 to ignorant p1 ,i am crim9al4 ,to      
educat$ p]sons1 !n1 ,i might h said :at 
,i did ) impunity--  ,mr4 ,ju/ice       
,ersk9e4 ,i only1 aft] speak+ (         
education1 said t an hone/ man1 speak+ 8
 op9ions dec5tly1 0 entitl$ to d s4     
,mr4 ,holyoake4 ,!re is no evid5ce to %[
 t my audi5ce 7 unable to di/+ui% dec5cy
 & propriety4 ,b x mu/ be already cle>  
en\gh to y1 g5tlem5 ( ! jury1 :o h be5  
employ$ dur+ ! pa/ week det]m9+         
violations ( ! law1 t ,i am plac$ "h =  
hav+ be5 m hone/ ?an ! law happ5s to    
all[4 ,i am unaccu/om$ to address a     
jury1 & ,i hope to avoid ! *>ge (       
presumption or dogmatism4 ,i h no wi% to
 (f5d ! prejudices ( any man 9 ?is c\rt1
 & h no int]e/ 9 s do+1 :5 8 lord%ip is 
arm$ ) ! p[] ( ! law to puni% x4 ,b1    
:ile ,i pr(ess respect = y\r op9ions1 ,i
 mu/ ent]ta9 "s = my own4 ,!re are ^? "h
 :o ?9k religion prop]1 & t x alone c   

lead to g5]al happ9ess--,i d n1 & ,i h  
_h ! same means ( judg+4 ,y say y\r     
feel+s are insult$--y\r op9ions outrag$2
 b :at ( m9e8 ,m9e1 h[ev] hone/1 are    
r5d]$ liable to puni%m5t4 ,i ask n      
equality ( privileges 9 ?is respect2 ,i 
seek n ! p[] ( puni%+ ^? :o diff] f     
me--nay1 ,i %\ld disda9 its use4        
,*ri/ianity claims :at %e does n all[1  
al?\gh %e says ',all m5 are bro!rs4'  ,x
 is f no disrespect to ! b> t ,i did n  
give my case into ! h&s ( c\nsel1 b     
because !y are unable to ent] into my   
motives4 ,!re is a magic circle out (   
:i* !y w n /ep2 !y w argue only :at is  
or?odox2 & y w\ld h _h no opportunity f 
!m ( le>n+ my true motives1 or see+ !   
real be>+s ( ?is case499       99 ,f :at
 subsequ5tly appe>$ 9 ! ,*elt5ham ,free 
,press1 ,i le>n$ t "s ( ! b> took (f5ce 
at ^!      rem>ks2 & "o rev5g$ himself  
by describ+ me1 9 !      ,morn+         
,*ronicle1 z 'a wret*$-look+ creature1  
sc>cely em]g+ f boyhood1 ^: wiry &      
di%evell$      hair1 lip unconsci\s ( ! 

razor's edge1 & d+y      looks1 gave him
 ! appe>ance (  ,! au?or ( ! p>agraph   
:i* l$ to ?is day's proce$+s appli$ to  
me ! epi!ts ( 'wret*1' 'miscreant1'     
'mon/]'--repres5t$ me z "o :o disc\rs$  
'devilism4' ,! ,gl\ce/] ,*ronicle lab\r$
 to prove t ,i 0 a malici\s blasphem]1 a
 l[ ,g]man /ud5t1 is evid5tly1 f 8      
pronunciation & language1 a mo/ ignorant
 & illit]ate "*1 & no d\bt c\rt$ !      
pres5t prosecution tor ! sake (         
notoriety4'  ,! ,*elt5ham ,exam9]--!    
editor ( :i*1 ,i und]/&1 is ,mr4 ,jel+] 
,symons--draws a p>allel betwe5 me & !  
reput$ regicide1 :o has rec5tly %ot at !
 ,que54 ,^! are ! words3--',ak9 to !    
(f5ce = :i* ,holyoake has be5 committ$  
is ! crime = :i* ,francis1 also a m]e   
/ripl+1 is likely to =feit 8 p]sonal    
lib]ty1 if n 8 life4 ,! crimes (        
blasphemy & treason h _m po9ts ( great  
simil>ity1 & frequ5tly result f ! same  
causes2 & x w\ld n be an un9/ructive    
task to trace out ! progress ( ^? causes
 :i* lead ! m9ds ( ! ungu>d$ to !       

extreme po9ts :5 !y become dang]\s to   
society4 ,holyoake1 ! bold ass]tor ( !  
non-exi/5ce ( a ,god1 did n become an   
infidel at once2 & ,francis1 ! w\ld-be  
regicide1 did n level 8 pi/ol at o>     
belov$ sov]eign )\t 8 m9d hav+ be5 act$ 
& prep>$ by previ\s circum/ances4444 ,9 
bo? cases a morbid imag9ation1 an       
affectation ( sup]iority1 a contempt = &
 a dissatisfaction ) exi/+ in/itutions1 
& a crav+ aft] notoriety1 are ! prim>y  
inc5tives to action1' ,?is ung5]\s &    
(f5sive p>allel 0 drawn out ?r\gh a long
 lead+ article4 ,! effect1 if n !       
object1 ( all ?is is to prejudge my     
case1 to awak5 all ! bitt] prejudices   
:i* lurk ar\nd religion1 & to secure my 
condemnation be=e my trial4  ,ano!r     
pap]199 9 :i* ju/ice 0 done me 9 "s     
respects1 call$ me a 'bigot4' ,i am n a 
bigot4 ,i d n assume t ,i alone am "r2  
nor did ,i speak ( ,deity1 decl>+       
dogmatically 8 non-exi/5ce4 ,i spoke    
only ( my own disbelief 9 su* an        
exi/5ce4 ,( all isms ,i ?9k dogmatism ! 

wor/4 ,i d n judge o!r m5 by ! agreem5t 
( _! op9ions ) my own4 ,i believe y     
consid] ,*ri/ianity a b5efit4 ,i regret 
t ,i feel x is n s1 & ,i claim !        
privilege ( sav+ :at is true to me4 ,i h
 ev] be5 ready to acquire correct       
notions4 ,i h publicly call$ ^u p>ties  
^: duty x 0 to tea* me--& :o 7 well paid
 = tea*+--to assi/ me 9 sift+ out !     
tru?4 ,b !y h *os5 ! /rong arm ( ! law r
 ?an /rong argum5t4 ,jean ,jacques      
,r\sseau says 9 8 ',confessions1'       
',en?usiasm = sublime virtue is ( little
 use 9 society4 ,9 aim+ too high we are 
subject to fall2 ! cont9uity ( little   
duties1 well fulfill$1 dem&s no less    
/r5g? ?an h]oic actions1 & we f9d our   
acc\nt 9 x mu* bett]1 bo? 9 respect to  
reputation & happ9ess4 ,! con/ant e/eem 
( mank9d is inf9itely bett] ?an         
sometimes _! admiration4' ,z ! _w goes  
!re is mu* good s5se 9 ?is1 & ,i h read 
x to %[ h[ fully ,i accord ) ^!         
s5tim5ts4 ,i am n aim+ at sublime       
virtue1 b r at ! cont9uity ( little     

duties well fulfill$4 ,x is en\gh = ,me 
if ,i c be true & useful4       99 ,!   
,national ,association ,gazette4  ,i 0  
greatly surpris$ to f9d ! le>n$ g5tleman
 engag$ z prosecut+ c\nsel _h s-little  
to say 9 ref]5ce to ! case entru/$ to 8 
*>ge1 b ,i presume x mu/ be attribut$ to
 ! fact t little c\ld be said ^u !      
subject4 ,all 8 +5uity1 all 8 legal     
skill c\ld n discov] an argum5t at all  
t5able aga9/ me4 ,i c]ta9ly expect$ to  
he> him attempt to prove to y t ^!      
prosecutions 7 ei!r useful or necess>y1 
b he c\ld only tell y t my s5tim5ts 7 v 
horrible1 )\t adduc+ pro( t 8 ass]tions 
7 true4 ,he dealt lib]ally 9 inu5does1  
p>ticul>ly 9 ref]5ce to ! plac>ds       
exhibit$ previ\s to ! lecture1 & !      
motive = issu+ !m4 ,b y h be5 able to   
glean f 8 own witness ! tru? ( ! matt]4 
,i _h complet$ my disc\rse1 :i* 0 ( a   
secul> "*1 & 0 prep>+ to return home1 :5
 "o ,maitl& que/ion$ me on ! subject (  
my op9ions4 ,i did n get up a meet+ "u  
"o pret5ce to use x = ano!r4 ,i employ$ 

no s*eme to allure an audi5ce to li/5 to
 :at ,i did n op5ly av[1 al?\gh x has   
be5 unfairly ins9uat$ t ,i did s4  ,:5  
,i 0 fir/ appreh5d$ my pap]s 7 tak5 f   
me4 ,!y w\ld n ev5 leave me ! pap]s     
necess>y = my def5ce1 & ,i d n "k :at   
use 0 made ( !m1 or t ?is day !         
in=mation ?us unfairly obta9$ may n be  
employ$ aga9/ me4 ,i w read ! memorial  
on ?is subject1 :i* ,i =w>d$ to !       
,secret>y ( ,/ate4  ',memorial ( !      
und]sign$ ,george ,jacob ,holyoake1     
prison] 9 ,gl\ce/] ,c\nty ,gaol1 on !   
*>ge ( ,blasphemy1 to ,sir ,james       
,graham1 ,h] ,maje/y's ,secret>y (      
,/ate1  ',%e)1--,t y\r memoriali/ 0     
committ$ to ?is gaol f ,*elt5ham1 on !  
vague *>ge ( blasphemy1 on ,june #crd4  
',t 9 consequ5ce ( repres5tations made  
to him by ! police au?orities 9         
,*elt5ham1 y\r memoriali/ br\ght ) him  
to ! gaol "s private pap]s1 ha/ily      
select$1 = 8 def5ce--& t1 on arriv+ "h1 
! said pap]s 7 seiz$1 & ! visit+        
magi/rate refus$ to all[ y\r memoriali/ 

! use ( !m1 or to give !m up to 8 fri5ds
 to be us$ = 8 advantage4  ',t1 z ^!    
pap]s 7 br\ght 9 confid5ce t y\r        
memoriali/ w\ld h be5 all[$ to consult 8
 own ?\ghts 9 8 own def5ce--& z !y are  
no man's prop]ty b 8 own--&1 also1 z )\t
 !m y\r memoriali/ w n h a fair *ance ( 
def5ce1--he tru/s y w ord] !m to be     
re/or$ to him )\t delay4  ',! (f5ce )   
:i* y\r memoriali/ /&s *>g$ occurr$ z he
 0 j\rney+ homew>d1 9 a t[n :]e he 0 a  
comp>ative /rang]4 ,consequ5tly1 & ow+  
to great bigotry on religi\s subjects1  
y\r memoriali/ has be5 unable to obta9  
bail1 & has suff]$ f\rte5 days'         
imprisonm5t1 :i* "t he has sp5t 9       
fruitless applications to ! au?orities  
"h = prop] books & pap]s to prep>e 8    
def5ce4 ,out ( a li/ ( ?irty-"o books   
submitt$ = t purpose only ?irte5 are    
all[$4  ',t1 z ! trial ( y\r memoriali/ 
is to take place at ! next sessions (   
?is c\nty1 to be hold5 on ! #bh? in/41 &
 he is )\t ! means ( def5ce or hope (   
ju/ice1 & has a wife & two *ildr5       

dep5d5t on him = support1 he is plac$ 9 
circum/ances ( peculi> anxiety4  ',h5ce 
y\r memoriali/ e>ne/ly hopes t y w      
direct t 8 pap]s1 seiz$ z be=e m5tion$1 
be imm$iately re/or$ to him1 & also t he
 be all[$ free access to su* works &    
pap]s z he may deem necess>y = 8 def5ce1
 & t )\t fur!r delay4  '7sign$7 ,george 
,jacob ,holyoake4  ',c\nty ,gaol1       
,gl\ce/]1 ,june #ad1 #ahdb4'  ,! pap]s 7
 aft]w>ds return$2 b1 _h x n be5 =      
fri5ds 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 & 9 v>i\s  
p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 ,i %\ld h be5 depriv$ (
 ! mat]ials = my def5ce4 ,public op9ion 
did = me t :i* ,*ri/ian *>ity refus$499 
99  ,at ! ,gl\ce/] ,tr9ity ,sessions1   
,mr4 ,r4 ,b4 ,coop]      /at$1 9        
contradiction ( ! pray] ( ?is memorial1 
t 'z soon z ,i m5tion$ t my pap]s 7     
necess>y      = my def5ce !y 7 return$  
to me4' ,mr4 ,s4 ,jones said      he    
'took my pap]s home1 & e "o ,i want$ =  
my      trial on ! morr[ ,i _h giv5 to  
me4' ,bo? ^!      /atem5ts 7 untrue1 &  
,i /at$ s at ! "t 9 !      ,*elt5ham    

,free ,press1 & my ass]tion 0 nev]      
impugn$4  ,/rong prejudices exi/ aga9/  
me z be+ a ,sociali/4 ,y\r local        
newspap]s h d5\nc$ me on ?is gr\nd4 ,to 
%[ t ,i des]ve no condemnation on ?is   
acc\nt ,i %all draw y\r att5tion to !   
nature ( ,socialism4 ,i h "h a little   
book1 /at$ to be publi%$ by ! ',society 
= ,promot+ ,*ri/ian ,k4' ,if x _h be5   
/at$ to be a 'society' = dissem9at+     
'malici\s k' ! title-page w\ld h be5    
correct--= a m gross s]ies (            
misrepres5tations 7 nev] /rung toge!r4  
,if :at x says ( ,socialism 7 true1 !n  
,i might be abus$2 b ,socialism z ,i h  
le>n$ or expla9$ x1 w\ld nev] lead to ! 
injury ( peace or ! di/urbance ( public 
ord]4 ,! fir/ p>agraph ( ,godw9's       
',political ,ju/ice' is an epitome (    
,socialism z develop$ 9 ?is c\ntry      
hi!rto s x is 'an inve/igation conc]n+ t
 =m ( political society1 t sy/em (      
int]c\rse & reciprocal action ext5d+    
beyond ! b\nds ( a s+le family1 :i* %all
 be f\nd mo/ conducive to ! g5]al       

b5efit--h[ may ! peculi> & indep5d5t    
op]ation ( ea* individual 9 ! social    
/ate mo/ effectually be pres]v$--h[ may 
! security ea* man ought to possess z to
 8 life1 & ! employm5ts ( 8 faculties   
accord+ to ! dictates ( 8 own und]/&+1  
be mo/ c]ta9ly def5d$ f invasion--h[ may
 ! individuals ( ! human species be made
 to contribute mo/ sub/antially to g5]al
 improvem5t & happ9ess4' ,b ,i %all n   
cont5t myself ) "o au?ority2 & to avoid 
! *>ge ( presumption1 ,i h ga!r$ mu* (  
my def5ce f o!r m5's writ+s1 & %all make
 !m speak = me4  ,sociali/s h be5 decl>$
 to h dang]\s metaphysical notions4 ,!  
:ole "q has be5 express$ by !           
poet-philosoph] ,goe! 9 f\r l9es1       
translat$ by ,eb5ez] ,elliott1 ?us--    
,h[ l a /i?y is ?is l&6      ,& we lie  
on x1 l good metal      ,long hamm]'d by
 a s5seless h&2      ,b w su* ?ump+ make
 a kettle8  ,mean+ t s5seless hamm]+ &  
s5seless legislation c\ld nei!r make !  
dull iron into a kettle1 nor a vici\s p 
into an enlight5$ nation4 ,socialism    

says1 all m5 h 9 !m ! true metal--!     
elem5ts ( goodness1 :i* all gov]nm5ts   
are responsible = m\ld+4 ,socialism     
proposes to sub/itute o!r means ?an     
puni%m5ts = ! prev5tion ( crime1 & t y  
may n ?9k ^! *im]as ( my own1 ,i w read 
y ! op9ion ( a ,"l ,c>d9al to a c]ta9   
,high ,*ancellor ( ,engl&1 ,sir ,?omas  
,m1 :o1 9 8 ',utopia4' says1 ',:5 ,i 0 9
 ,engl&1 ! k+ dep5d$ mu* on 8           
c\ncils4444  ,"o day :5 ,i 0 d9+ ) him  
!re happ5$ to be at table "o ( ! ,engli%
 lawy]s1 :o took occasion to run out 9  
high comm5dation ( ! sev]e execution (  
ju/ice ^u ?ieves1 :o1 z he said1 7 !n   
hang$ s fa/ t !re 7 sometimes tw5ty on  
"o gibbet6 & ^u t he said1 he c\ld n    
wond] en\gh h[ x came to pass1 t s9ce s 
few escap$ !re 7 s _m ?ieves left1 :o 7 
/ill robb+ 9 all places4 ,^u ?is1 ,i 7:o
 took ! boldness to speak freely be=e ! 
c>d9al7 said1 !re 0 no reason to wond]  
at ! matt]1 s9ce ?is way ( puni%+ ?ieves
 0 nei!r j 9 itself nor good = ! public2
 = z ! sev]ity 0 too great1 s ! rem$y 0 

n effectual2 simple !ft n be+ s great a 
crime1 t x ought to co/ a man 8 life3 no
 puni%m5t1 h[ sev]e soev]1 be+ able to  
re/ra9 ^? f robb+ :o c f9d no o!r way ( 
livelihood4 ,9 ?is 7said ,i7 n only y 9 
,engl& b a great "p ( ! _w1 imitate "s  
ill ma/]s1 t are readi] to *a/ise _!    
s*ol>s ?an tea* !m4 ,!re are dreadful   
puni%m5ts enact$ aga9/ ?ieves1 b x 7 mu*
 bett] to make su* good provisions by   
:i* e man might be put 9 a me?od h[ to  
live & s be pres]v$ f ! fatal necessity 
( /eal+1 & ( dy+ = x4' ,socialism w\ld  
try to obta9 a rem$y = ! evils :i*      
judges g r\nd ye> by ye> lam5t+2        
,socialism w\ld sugge/ a means ( af=d+  
employm5t1 & ?us mitigate ! crime :i*   
judges & juries are call$ to puni%4     
,su* objects may be decl>$ *im]ical1 b  
surely x is n crim9al to hope t !y c be 
c>ri$ out1 & to feel t !y ought4 ,i c\ld
 read _m o!r passages to %[ t "u no     
circum/ance ,socialism m]its t "* :i*   
has be5 ascrib$ to x ,b ,i d n deem x   
necess>y1 z ,i ?9k ,i h said en\gh to   

prove t4 ,nor d ,i want to in/il my     
s5tim5ts1 b m]ely to disabuse y\r m9ds (
 a prejudice :i* has be5 dissem9at$ to  
my disadvantage4  ,my assum+ ! "r ( free
 expression inculcat$ by ,mr4 ,ow51 & :5
 ask$ a "q1 refus+ to equivocate1 are   
oppos$1 x w\ld appe>1 to ! laws ( ?is   
c\ntry4 ,b ?is ,i h le>n$ f ,socialism1 
t !re c be no public or private virtue1 
unless ! f\ndation ( action is !        
practice ( tru?4 ,pass+ ?r\gh ,*elt5ham 
to pay a visit to a fri5d1 ,i deliv]$ a 
lecture4 ,aft] :i* ! words 7 utt]$ :i*  
are "h indict$4 ,:5 ,i _h read !        
,*elt5ham ,*ronicle1 9 ! city ( ,bri/ol1
 ,i return$ to ,*elt5ham4 ,if ,i _h be5 
consci\s ( guilt1 %\ld ,i h return$8 ,on
 ! night ( my appreh5sion m>ks ( k9dness
 7 %[n me by ! p4 ,if ,i _h act$        
disgracefully1 w\ld ! p ( ,*elt5ham h   
met a /rang] & %[$ him m>ks ( e/eem &   
fri5d%ip8 ,i w5t to ! /ation-h\se &     
rema9$ !re all night4 ,:5 tak5 be=e !   
magi/rates1 ,mr4 ,capp] told me ,i 0 n  
fit to be reason$ )1 because ,i did n   

believe 9 a ,god1 & t x 0 f a love (    
notoriety t ,i act$3 b f ! love ( m]e   
notoriety ,i h nev] utt]$ any s5tim5ts1 
= ,i hold su* conduct 9 contempt4 ,aft] 
,i 0 tak5 f ! magi/rates' (fice1 ,i 0   
treat$ ) contumely at ! police-/ation4  
,surgeon ,p9*+1 f9d+ me completely 9 8  
p[]1 said he 0 sorry ! days 7 gone by :5
 ,i c\ld hold up my head1 & wi%$ !      
inquisition c\ld be put 9 =ce aga9/ su* 
p]sons z myself4 ,i 0 ?ru/ into a fil?y 
cell1 & my h&s 7 bolt$ toge!r & ! sk9   
p9*$ (f4 ,i 0 br\ght to ,gl\ce/] on a   
sultry day1 & %\ld h be5 made to walk _h
 n "s fri5ds int]f]$ & obta9$ p]mission 
= me to ride1 on pay+ my own f>e & t (  
two policem54 ,!re 0 no indication f my 
mann] t ,i wi%$ to make my escape1 & !  
company ( two policem5 0 suffici5t to   
prev5t x4 ,x 0 ?\ght if ,i 0 *a9$ l a   
felon & dragg$ ?r\gh two t[ns1 x w\ld   
w\nd my feel+s4 ,if ^! are ! ways 9 :i* 
! tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity are to be taught1 
,i leave y to judge ( !m4 ,two ( y\r    
magi/rates conv]s$ ) me1 & %\t$ ) mu*   

rud5ess t ,i 0 a fool = hold+ my        
op9ions4 ,i nev] c\ld h said ?is to any 
man1 & yet su* treatm5t ,i receiv$ f    
magi/rates old en\gh to be my gr&fa!rs4 
,"h ,mr4 ,bransby ,coop]1 :o sat ^u !   
left ( ! ,judge1 0 s mov$ by ?is rem>k1 
t he rose & ejaculat$ some?+ 9 ,c\rt2 b 
! ,judge p]emptorily comm&$ him to sit  
d[n4  ,mr4 ,holyoake !n read ! memorial 
( ! public meet+ ( ! inhabitants (      
,*elt5ham1 be=e quot$1 ref]r+ to !      
conduct1 at ! exam9ation1 ( ,joseph     
,ov]bury1 ,rob]t ,capp]1 & ! ,rev4 ,t4  
,b4 ,newell1 ,d4,d41 magi/rates4  ,mr4  
,ju/ice ,ersk9e4 ,y ought n to read any 
/atem5t n au!nticat$ by evid5ce1 :i*    
reflects on any p]son4  ,def5dant4 ,?is 
is a petition ( a public meet+4  ,mr4   
,ju/ice ,ersk9e4 ,x is n evid5ce4       
,def5dant cont9u$4 ,i h nev] be5 anxi\s 
"u any circum/ances to obtrude my       
op9ions on ! public4 ,i conf9$ myself   
/rictly to ! subject on :i* ,i lectur$1 
& %\ld n h introduc$ my s5tim5ts on     
religion1 %\ld n h spok5 ano!r ^w aft]  

my lecture1 if ,i _h n be5 publicly     
que/ion$4 ,i h held v>i\s situations1 & 
9 all secul> ones ,i h /rictly kept     
religi\s op9ions out ( view4 ,x is kn[n 
t ,i h taught t & t only :i* ,i h be5   
employ$ to tea*4 ,9 pro( ( ?is ,i may   
cite te/imonials giv5 me ^u ! occasion (
 my apply+ = ! situation ( collector at 
! ,birm+ham ,botanic ,g>d5s4 ,!y are f  
magi/rates & g5tlem5 ( ,birm+ham1 & !   
po/ 0 "o requir+ a p]son ( tru/1 z      
consid]able funds w\ld h to pass ?r\gh 8
 h&s 9 a ye>4  ,mr4 ,holyoake "h quot$ f
 num]\s te/imonials4 ,"o ( !m1 f a      
magi/rate1 ,f4 ,lloyd1 ,esq41 /at$ t    
,mr4 ,holyoake obta9$ ! fir/ prize at ! 
,me*anics' ,in/itute1 "s ye>s ago1 =    
pr(ici5cy 9 ma!matics1 a pr(ici5cy      
atta9$1 too1 "u mo/ disc\rag+           
circum/ances4' ,ano!r ( ! te/imonials 0 
f ! ,rev4 ,s4 ,ba*e1 "o ( ! m9i/]s ( !  
,new ,meet+ ,h\se congregation4 ,hav+   
read ^! docum5ts1 ,mr4 ,holyoake resum$4
  ,dur+ "o ( ^? comm]cial panics1 :i* a 
few ye>s ago pass$ ov] ?is c\ntry l a   

pe/il5ce1 my p>5ts 7 sudd5ly r$uc$ f a  
/ate ( comp>ative afflu5ce to "o (      
privation4 ,at "o ( ^! seasons my little
 si/] became ill4 ,:ile %e 0 s ! ,rev4  
,mr4 ,moseley1 ,m4,a41 ,rector ( ,/1    
,m>t9's1 ,birm+ham1 s5t an ord] to u = 8
 ,ea/] due ( f\rp5ce4 ,on previ\s       
occasions ?is dem& _h be5 *e]fully &    
promptly paid2 b n[1 small z ! sum 01 x 
0 suffici5t mat]ially to dim9i% ! few   
com=ts our h\se ( illness un=tunately   
af=d$2 & x 0 !re=e discuss$ :e!r ! dem& 
( ! cl]gyman %\ld be paid1 or :e!r x    
%\ld be exp5d$ 9 ! pur*ase ( "s little  
com=ts = my sick si/]4 ,humanity decid$2
 & we all agre$ t x %\ld be devot$ to   
?is latt] purpose4 ,x 02 b1 ,i ?9k1 ! v 
next week1 a summons came = ! ,ea/] due1
 & two %ill+s & sixp5ce 7 add$1 because 
( ! non-paym5t ( ! f\rp5ce4 ,! paym5t ( 
?is c\ld n[ no long] be evad$1 = 9 a few
 days a w>rant ( di/ra9t w\ld h rudely  
torn ! b$ f "u h]1 z _h be5 ! case ) a  
ne> neighb\r4 ,dread+ ?is1 & trembl+ at 
! appreh5sion1 we ga!r$ toge!r all !    

money we _h1 & :i* 0 be+ sav$ to pur*ase
 a little w9e to moi/5 ! p>*$ lips ( my 
dy+ si/]1 = at ?is "t h] end seem$      
approa*+4 ,my "m1 ) a heavy he>t1 left  
home to g to ! ,public ,(fice4 ,! aisles
 !re 7 cold & *e]less l ! outside ?is   
c\rt1 & !re1 all brok5 9 heal? &        
spirits1 worn out ) wat*+1 & di/ract$ by
 t anxiety = h] *ild a p>5t1 "u su*     
circum/ances1 only c\ld feel1 %e 0 kept 
f five to six h\rs wait+ to pay ! two   
%ill+s & t5-p5ce4 ,:5 %e return$ all 0  
ov]--my si/] 0 dead4 ,g5tlem51 w y wond]
 if1 aft] ?is1 ,i d\bt$ a little !      
utility ( *ur* e/abli%m5ts899 & if1 aft]
 ! circum/ances ,i h relat$1 ,i did n   
?9k s highly ( *ur* 'z by law e/abli%$' 
z be=e1 c y be surpris$8 ,c y puni% me =
 x8 ,at ?is po9t _m ladies wept1 & !    
,c\rt manife/$ consid]able att5tion4    
99 ,i h s9ce le>n$ t ,mr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,fox  
read ?is passage      9 a ,sunday morn+ 
lecture on ! ev5ts ( ! mon?1            
deliv]$ at ,s\?-place 9 ! ,septemb]     
foll[+ my      trial2 & ,i take ?is     

opportunity ( ackn[l$g+ t ,mr4      ,fox
 0 ! only occupant ( a pulpit f :om ,i  
receiv$ a      fri5dly l9e dur+ my      
entire imprisonm5t4  ,i h be5 told to   
look ar\nd ! _w = evid5ces ( ! tru? ( ! 
,*ri/ian religion2 to look ^u ! _w &    
draw diff]5t conclusions4 ,x is well =  
^? :o enjoy ! smiles ( =tune to say s4  
,= !m all %9es brightly--= !m all is    
fair4 ,b ,i c see cause ( compla9t1 & ,i
 am n alone 9 ! feel+4 ,mr4 ,capel ,l(ft
 _h said1 '! s\rs ( life less (f5d my   
ta/e ?an its sweets delight x4' ,on ?is 
,kirke ,:ite wrote3--       ,g to ! rag+
 sea1 & say      ',be /ill6' ,bid ! wild
 lawless w9ds obey ?y w2      ,prea* to 
! /orm1 & reason ) despair--      ,b    
tell n mis]y's son t life is fair4  ,?\1
 :o 9 pl5ty's lavi% lap ha/ roll'd1 ,& e
 ye> ) new delight ha/ told--,?\1 :o1   
recumb5t on ! lacqu]'d b>ge1 ,ha/ dropt 
d[n joy's gay /ream ( pleasant m>ge1 ,?\
 may'/ extol life's calm1 untr\bl$      
sea--,! /orms ( mis]y ne'er bur/ on !e4 
,g to ! mat :]e squalid want recl9es2 ,g

 to ! %ade obscure :]e m]it p9es2 ,abide
 ) him :om ,p5ury's *>ms control1 ,& b9d
 ! ris+ ye>n+s ( 8 s\l--,survey 8       
sleepless c\*1 &1 /&+ !re1 ,tell ! poor 
pallid wret* t life is fair6  ,lo6 o'er 
8 manly =m1 decay'd & wan1 ,! %ades (   
dea? ) gradual /eps /eal on2 ,& ! pale  
"m1 p9+ to decay1 ,weeps1 = h] boy1 h]  
wret*$ life away4  ,g1 *ild ( =tune6 to 
8 e>ly grave1 ,:]e o'er 8 head obscure !
 rank we$a wave2 ,behold ! he>t-wrung   
p>5t lay h] head ,on ! cold turf1 & ask 
to %>e 8 b$4 ,g1 *ild ( =tune1 take ?y  
lesson !re1 ,& tell u !n t life is      
wondr\s fair4  ,z ,i grew up ,i att5d$  
mission>y meet+s1 & my few p5ce 7 giv5  
to t cause4 ,:5 told ( hea!n k+s :o knew
 n ,god1 & cag$ _! mis]able victims1 ,i 
%udd]$ at _! b>b>ity & pray$ = _!       
conv]sion4 ,o wa/e ( money & pray]s t   
%\ld h be5 employ$ on ,*ri/ian m54 ,o   
infantile fatuity6 ,d ,i n reap !       
:irlw9d = my pa9s8 ,i le>n$ ! acc5ts (  
piety f my "m's lips4 ,%e 0 & /ill is a 
religi\s woman4 ,:atev] may be ! diss5t 

,i ent]ta91 ,i h nev] spok5 ( h] op9ions
 9 ! language ( contempt4 ,i h always   
left h] 7z %e to h] hon\r has left me71 
to enjoy h] own op9ions4 ,9 e>ly y\? ,i 
0 religi\s4 ,i "q :e!r !re is any "h :o 
h sp5t m "t ?an ,i did z a ,sunday s*ool
 tea*]4 ,i h giv5 h\rs1 :i* ,i ought to 
h employ$ 9 improv+ myself1 9 improv+   
o!rs4 ,x is n )\t giv+ to ,*ri/ianity "t
 & att5tion--)\t kn[+ :at x 0--t ,i h   
giv5 x up4 ,"s l9es ,i contribut$ to a  
religi\s publication at t "t1 w %[ !    
tone ( ?\ght :i* inquiry has subsequ5tly
 *ang$3--       ,,! ,,reign ,,( ,,"t4   
,! pr\de/ e>?ly build+s %[1      ,"t c  
all ?+s dev\r2      ,e'en y\? & beauty's
 ard5t gl[1      ,& manhood's           
intellectual br[1      ,betray !        
spoil]'s p[]3      ,h[ soon we s9k b5ea?
 8 sway--      ,he glances1 & our heads 
turn gray4      ,?\gh1 ov] all ?is e>?ly
 ball1      ,"t's /&>d is unfurl$1      
,& ru9s l\d to ru9s call      ,?r\gh\t  
?is "t-worn _w--      ,yet f ?is wreck (
 e>?ly ?+s1      ,see h[ ! s\l exult+   

spr+s4      ,& aft] ! ar*angel's w&     
,has wav'd o'er e>? & sea1      ,& ,"t  
has /opp$ at 8 comm&1      ,! s\l w     
n\ri% & exp&      ,?r\gh all et]nity4   
,religion--lovely1 fair1 & free--       
,holds =? ?is immortality4      ,by all 
! glories ( ! sky1      ,to mortals yet 
unkn[n--      ,& by ! worm t ne'er %all 
die1      ,! fires t always burn--      
,by all t's awful or sublime1      ,ye  
sons ( m5 improve y\r "t499             
99 ',bapti/ ,tract ,magaz9e4' ,vol4 ii41
 p4 #cda4   ,x 0 /at$ by "o ( !         
magi/rates t my be+ ( no religion 0 no  
crime4 ,i may conclude f :at ,i he>d ?is
 morn+ t ,i am n to be puni%$ = n be+   
religi\s4 ,x 0 argu$ 91 ! ,*elt5ham     
,*ronicle t my express+ my op9ions 0 no 
crime1 & ,i 0 at "s loss to "k :at my   
crime 04 ,! *>ge /at$ ,i 0 guilty (     
blasphemy4 ,9 ! depositions made aga9/  
me1 x is /at$ t ,i 0 br\ght be=e !      
,*elt5ham magi/rates on a *>ge ( felony4
 ,i believe n[ :at ,i h to answ] is !   
accusation ( utt]+ c]ta9 words (f5sive  

to ! ,*elt5ham ,*ronicle4  ,?is pap]    
/at$ t '?ree p]sons 7 ready to give     
evid5ce on ! matt]4' ,& yet ! witness   
says he knew no?+ ( x till ! policeman  
came = him4 ,he says !y 7 '*aff+' ab\t  
my rem>ks 9 ! (fice--t is1 jok+ ^u !m4  
,x does n say mu* = 8 s]i\sness--report+
 ^! 'horrid s5tim5ts' at night1 & ! next
 morn+ '*aff+' ab\t !m4 ,if x 0 an      
aggravation ( my crime to h *os5 an     
innoc5t subject1 :at w\ld ! le>n$ c\nsel
 h said if ,i _h *os5 a guilty "o8 ,x   
has be5 sworn by ! witnesses t ,i said  
,i did n believe !re 0 su* a ?+ z a     
,god1 & an attempt has be5 made to make 
y believe t ,i us$ ! t]m '?+'           
contemptu\sly1 b ! witness admits t ,i  
did n use x 9 a contemptu\s s5se4 ,!    
same ^w occurs 9 "s l9es by ,?omas      
,moore3--       ,man1 9 ! sun%9e ( !    
_w's new spr+1      ,%all walk transp>5t
 l "s holy ?+4  ,i mu/ h us$ ! ^w '?+' 9
 "s su* s5se z x is us$ 9 ^! l9es4  ,x  
is laid d[n by ! ,common ,law1 t a p]son
 d5y+ ! exi/5ce ( a ,god is a blasphem]4

 ,x has n be5 %[n t ,i did ?is4 ,i m]ely
 /at$ my disbelief--& disbelief is n    
includ$ by ! law4 ,!re is a great       
diff]5ce betwe5 d5ial & disbelief4 ,if  
,i _h said di/9ctly '!re is no ,god1' x 
w\ld h be5 /at+ t ,i 0 q sure ( x4 ,i   
c\ld n h said t1 because ,i am n sure ( 
x4 ,i saw reasons = disbelief1 b did n  
ass]t d5ial4 ,disbelief is all ,i       
pr(ess4 ,^? dogmatise :o affirm1 r ?an  
^? :o d5y a proposition4 ,mr4 ,s\?well  
put ?is po9t 9 its prop] light3--  ',if 
,god _h nev] be5 affirm$1 he c\ld n h   
be5 d5i$4 ,x is a rule ( logic1 & a v   
s5sible rule1 t ! onus prob&i1 t is !   
bur!n or weight ( prov+1 re/s on ^? :o  
affirm a proposition4 ,prie/s h affirm$ 
! exi/5ce ( a ,god1 b :o w ma9ta9 t !y h
 compli$ ) ! rule ( logic8'99  ,we c    
only1 ,i ?9k1 arrive at a conviction ( !
 exi/5ce ( a ,god by ! foll[+ modes3--  
#a4 ,by ! m$ium ( innate ideas1 :i* we  
are said by "s div9es to possess1 & :i* 
intuitively lead u to ent]ta9 ! idea ( a
 ,god4  #b4 ,by ! s5ses1 ! sole m$ia by 

:i* all k is acquir$4  #c4 ,by          
conjecture4--,?is is employ$ by ^? :o   
suppose !re mu/ be a ,god f _! inability
 o!rwise to acc\nt = ! exi/5ce ( !      
univ]se1 & are n will+ to all[ x to be  
inexplicable4  #d4 ,by                  
analogy4--,comp>ison is ! basis ( ?is   
argum5t4 ,analogy is ! f\ndation (      
natural !ology4  #e4 ,by revelation4--,9
 ?is c\ntry ! ,bible is said to conta9 !
 revelation ( a ,god4  ,( ^! x may be   
rem>k$3--  #a4 ,innate ideas4--,) reg>d 
to ^!1 v conclusive reasons h be5       
advanc$ by em95t philosoph]s =          
disbeliev+ t we h any4 ,& human exp]i5ce
 confirms ?is conclusion4 ,"s nations1 z
 ! p ( ! ,arru ,isl&s1 h no idea ( a    
,god4 ,s ?is s\rce ( k conc]n+ "o is1 to
 say ! lea/1 dubi\s4  #b4 ,s5ses4--',no 
man ha? se5 ,god at any "t1' is a       
suffici5t reply to ?is--= ! same may be 
affirm$ ( e o!r s5se1 :i* is "h affirm$ 
( sight4  #c4 ,conjecture4--,?is defies 
u4 ,we only prove our own inability &   
multiply difficulties4 ,= :5 we suppose 

a ,god1 we _c suppose h[ he came1 nor h[
 he creat$ some?+ out ( no?+1 :i* is    
held by ! le>n$ to be pla9ly            
impossible49999       99 ,oracle (      
,reason1 ,no4 #ca1 p4 #bea4       9999  
,s9ce ?is "t ,mr4 ,francis ,william     
,newman has put ?is      argum5t        
unansw]ably 9 ^! words2 ',a ,god uncaus$
 &      exi/+ f et]nity1 is to ! full z 
incompreh5sible      z a _w uncaus$ &   
exi/+ f et]nity'--',! ,s\l1'      p4    
#cf4   ,second edition4  #d4 ,analogy w 
n in=m u4 ,a small pivot or :eel _c     
infallibly indicate to u ! me*anism to  
:i* x belongs1 nor any?+ conclusive z to
 :e!r ! :ole _h only "o or m mak]s4 ,s (
 ! univ]se1 no "p c %ad[ =? ! :ole ( t1 
nor in=m u conclusively :e!r x _h a     
creator or creators4 ,& "h x is to be   
obs]v$ ! difficulty is great] ?an )     
ma*9es--= a pivot or :eel is a f9ite "p 
( a f9ite :ole1 & bo? compreh5sible2 b )
 ! univ]se1 all we c take cognisance (  
is b a v f9ite "p ( an inf9ite :ole1 & t
 :ole to all m5 ackn[l$g$               

incompreh5sible4 ,moreov]1 creation c h 
no analogy--no "o ev] saw or c conceive 
( any?+ be+ creat$4 ,s t ?is mode (     
le>n+ ! exi/5ce ( a ,god fails4 ,! ,rev4
 ,hugh ,m',neile1 ,m4,a41 m9i/] ( ,/4   
,jade's ,*ur*1 ,liv]pool1 9 a lecture   
deliv]$ to above f\r hundr$ ( ! ,iri%   
cl]gy1 at ! ,rotunda 9 ,dubl91 said 9   
ref]5ce to ?is "p ( ! "q1 ',i am        
conv9c$1 ,i say1 t1 f ext]nal creation1 
no "r conclusion c be drawn conc]n+ !   
moral "* ( ,god4 ,creation is too deeply
 & disa/r\sly blott$ 9 consequ5ce (     
man's s91 to admit ( any satisfactory   
result f an adequate contemplation (    
nature4 ,! au?ors ( a multitude ( books 
on ?is subject1 h giv5 an inadequate &  
p>tial induction ( p>ticul>s4 ,already  
aw>e 7?\gh p]haps sc>cely recognis+ h[  
or :5ce7 t ,god is love1 !y h look$ on  
nature = pro(s ( ?is conclusion1 & tak5 
:at suit$ _! purpose4 ,b !y h n tak5    
nature z a :ole1 & collect$ a conclusion
 fairly f imp>tial premises4 ,!y        
expatiate on ! bless+s & enjoym5ts (    

life1 9 ! c\ntless tribes ( e>?1 air1 & 
sea4 ,b if life be a bless+1 dea? is a  
curse4 ,nature pres5ts ! univ]sal       
triumph ( dea?4 ,is ?is ! do+ ( a ,god (
 love8 or are !re two ,gods--a k9d "o1  
giv+ life2 & an unk9d "o tak+ x away2 & 
! wick$ "o inv>iably ! victor8 ,9       
ext]nal creation1 exclusively &         
adequately contemplat$1 !re is no escape
 f ,mani*aeism4 ,x is va9 to say t !    
dea? ( ! inf]ior creatures is a bless+  
to man2 = :y1 9 ! creation ( a ,god (   
love1 %\ld any su* necessity exi/8 ,& h[
 w\ld ?is acc\nt = ! dea? ( man         
himself8' ,s f> ! argum5t ( analogy4    
#e4 ,revelation4--,we h none4 ,if o!rs  
ev] _h1 we c only det]m9e x by human    
reason1 & = ?is purpose ,leslie has     
furni%$ 8 well-kn[n rules4 ,!re=e1 z    
revelation means some?+ sup]add$ to     
reason1 we _c be said to possess x1 =   
reason has to det]m9e :at is1 & :at is n
 revelation1 & !re=e is sup]ior to x4   
,also1 x is cont5d$ by div9es t1 b = !  
,bible we %\ld "k no?+ ( a ,god1 :i* %[s

 ! unsatisfactory nature ( ! f\r me?ods 
( le>n+ 8 exi/5ce we h gone ?r\gh4 ,&   
,"l ,br\gham cont5ds t b = natural      
!ology1 or ! analogy argum5t1 :i* has   
be5 %[n to be no argum5t at all1 !      
,bible w\ld h no o!r basis ?an m]e      
tradition4  ,s y see1 g5tlem51 !        
philosophical difficulties besett+ ! pa?
 ( a "y inquir] into sacr$ ?+s4 ,^!     
difficulties are to me insup]able1 &    
h5ce ,i f9d myself incapable ( employ+  
language y are m =tunate 9 be+ able to  
adapt to y\r consci5ce499       99 ,!   
object ( ?is passage 0 to %[ ! jury !   
intellectual difficulties belong+ to ?is
 subject1 & !      passage =m$ b an     
episode among ! moral issues ,i         
rais$4 ,a fri5d ( m9e ask+ an em95t     
div9e at "o (      ,dr4 ,elliotson's    
seances1 & :o aft]w>ds ent]$            
p>liam5t1 :at he ?\ght ( my def5ce4 ',oh
 x turn$      ^u t et]nal conundrum !   
exi/5ce ( ,god1' 0 !      answ]4 ,b ,i  
hope ! read] w see some?+ m 9 my        
def5ce ?an ! frivolity t employs itself 

on riddles4  ,b x has be5 /at$ ,i said  
,i w\ld put ! ,deity on half-pay4 ,aft] 
fir/ /at+ t ,i did n believe !re 0 a    
,deity1 is x likely ,i %\ld say ,i w\ld 
put him on half-pay8 ,w\ld y put a      
s]vant on half-pay :om y nev] hir$ or   
_h8 ,all my expressions w5t to prove t  
,i ref]r$ to ! exp5ses ( religion4 ,i   
c\ld n suppose t !re is a be+ capable ( 
gov]n+ ! _w1 & consid] him good & k9d1 &
 yet h any int5tion ( br++ him into     
contempt4 ,i _h no p]sonal ref]5ce to ! 
,deity4 ,i made use ( t figure ( spee*  
because ,i ?\ght !y w\ld und]/& x bett]1
 & !y did und]/& x4 ,i 0 say+ we _h _m  
heavy burd5s to pay to capitali/s &     
o!rs1 & t ,i ?\ght x hung l a mill/one  
r\nd u4 ,sir ,r4 ,peel said1 :5 he      
introduc$ ! income-tax1 t ! poor man    
c\ld be> no m4 ,i said !re 7 tw5ty-f\r  
millions tak5 f u = ! support (         
religion1 & t !y w\ld d well to r$uce t 
"o-half4 ,suppose1 g5tlem51 t ,i did    
ref] to ! ,deity1 0 my notion a         
di%on\rable "o8 ,:at man ( y :o _h en\gh

 & to sp>e1 & see+ ! p ar\nd him 9      
pov]ty1 w\ld n will+ly rel9qui% "p ( 8  
income to give !m a b>e subsi/5ce8 ,:o w
 d5y t 9 ,engl& !re are hone/1          
indu/ri\s1 h>d-work+ m51 hon\rable wom51
 & beautiful *ildr51 :o h n ! means (   
obta9+ food8 ,did ,i d him a disgrace if
 ,i ?\ght he1 :o is call$ our ,fa!r1 !  
,mo/ ,high1 w\ld h disp5s$ ) "o-half ( !
 lip-s]vice he receives 9 ord] to give 8
 creatures necess>ies6  ,x be+ ne>ly f\r
 o'clock ! ,jury ask$ leave to retire1  
to :i* ,mr4 ,holyoake cons5t+1 !y left !
 ,c\rt = a %ort "t4 ,"s ladies :o       
repres5t$ !mselves z wives ( cl]gym51   
came r\nd ! dock (f]+ ,mr4 ,holyoake    
confections & refre%m5t1 & express+ _!  
regret at ! treatm5t he _h receiv$1 & ! 
position 9 :i* he 0 plac$4  ,mr4        
,holyoake1 on resum+1 said--,accord+ to 
a calculation t has nev] be5 disput$1 ! 
',pay to _! ,cl]gy4      ,ca?olics1     
numb]+444         #abd1fgb1jjj444       
,l#f1ajf1jjj     ,prote/ants            
444        #ed1jdf1jjj444               

#aa1ijf1jjj     ,greek ,*ur*         444
        #da1jjj1jjj444         #gfj1jjj 
,total ( ,*ri/ians                      
#bai1gah1jjj        ,l#ah1gfb1jjj  ',(  
:i* ,engl&1 = tw5ty-"o millions ( p1    
pays m ?an "o-half4'99 ,?us ! ,engli%   
pay five times m accord+ to _!          
numb]s--,i propos$ a r$uction ( only    
"o-half4       99 ',*eap ,salvation4'   
,by ,h5ry ,he!r+t54  ,mr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,fox  
has told u--',if ! gov]nm5t ( ! c\ntry  
dispos$ ( ! mismanag$ funds ( ! cl]gy1  
!y w\ld h suffici5t = _! annual ne$ful  
exp5diture4'  ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e4 ,if 
y c conv9ce ! jury t y only mean+ 0 t ! 
incomes ( ! cl]gy ought to be r$uc$1 & t
 y did n int5d to insult ,god1 ,i %\ld  
tell ! jury y ought n to be convict$4 ,y
 ne$ n g into a lab\r$ def5ce ( t4  ,mr4
 ,holyoake4 ,x 0 /at$ by "o ( !         
witnesses at ,*elt5ham t ,i said        
,*ri/ians are wor%ipp]s ( ,mammon4 ,i   
?\ght x necess>y = me to ref] to x4     
,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e4 ,!re is no evid5ce
 ( t4  ,mr4 ,holyoake4 ,!n turn to ! "q 

,:at is blasphemy8 ,9 ! case ( ,mr4     
,s\?well1 "o ( ! witnesses = !          
prosecution /at$ 8 op9ion t ! crime 0   
'br++ a sc&al on ! religion ( !         
magi/rates4' ,p]haps ?is is z correct a 
def9ition z c be giv54 ,x has be5 said  
to be 'an injury to ,god1' ,m5 :o c\ld n
 /r+ six s5t5ces toge!r grammatically1 h
 told me !y w\ld def5d ,god--m5 :om ,i  
%\ld be a%am$ to h def5d+ me4 ,b        
blasphemy is impossible 9 ! s5se (      
annoyance to ,god4 ,jona?an ,edw>ds     
says--',! foll[+ ?+s may be laid d[n z  
maxims ( pla9 tru? & indisputable       
evid5ce3--  '#a4 ,t ,god is a p]fectly  
happy be+1 9 ! mo/ absolute & highe/    
s5se possible4  '#b4 ,x w foll[ f h5ce1 
t ,god is free f ev]y?+ t is contr>y to 
happ9ess3 & s t 9 /rict propriety (     
spee* !re is no su* ?+ z any pa91 grief 
or tr\ble 9 ,god4  '#c4 ,:]e any        
intellig5t be+ is really cross$ &       
disappo9t$1 & ?+s are contr>y to :at he 
truly desires1 he is less pleas$1 or has
 ! less pleasure1 8 pleasure & happ9ess 

are dim9i%$1 & he suff]s :at is         
disagreeable to him1 or is ! subject (  
some?+ t is ( a nature contr>y to joy & 
happ9ess1 ev5 pa9 & grief4  ',f ?is la/ 
maxim x foll[s1 t if no di/9ction is to 
be admitt$ betwe5 ,god's hatr$ ( s91 & 8
 w ) respect to ! ev5t & exi/5ce ( s91 z
 ! all-wise det]m9] ( all ev5ts1 "u !   
view ( all consequ5ces ?r\gh ! :ole com 
pass & s]ies ( ?+s2 ,i say1 !n1 x       
c]ta9ly foll[s1 t ! com+ to pass ( e    
individual act ( s9 is truly1 all ?+s   
consid]$1 contr>y to 8 w1 & t 8 w is    
really cross$ 9 x1 & t 9 proportion z he
 hates x4 ,& z ,god's hatr$ ( s9 is     
inf9ite1 by reason ( ! inf9ite          
contr>iety ( 8 holy nature to s92 s 8 w 
is inf9itely cross$ 9 e act ( s9 t      
happ5s4 ,:i* is z mu* z to say3--he     
endures t :i* is inf9itely disagreeable 
to him1 by means ( e act ( s9 he sees   
committ$--& s he mu/ be inf9itely cross$
 & suff] inf9ite pa9 e day1 9 millions (
 millions ( in/ances1 :i* w\ld be to    
make him inf9itely ! mo/ mis]able ( all 

be+s4'99  ,b blasphemy is an antiquat$  
accusation4 ,9 a "w9999 by ,col4        
,feyronnet ,?ompson1 x is rem>k$--':at a
 turmoil1 :at a splutt]1 0 9 ?is l&1 :5 
m5 fir/ ann\nc$ t !y w\ld n eat fi%1 !y 
w\ld n b[ d[n1 !y w\ld n confess b :5 !y
 lik$1 & ?is because ! secret _h got w9d
 t ^! ?+s 7 ei!r n 9 ! prie/s' own rule1
 or 7 aga9/ x6 ,:at ?reats ( hell       
flames1 :at spla%+ ab\t ( fire &        
brim/one1 :at regi/ration ( judgm5ts on 
m5 *ok$ ) a beef-/eak on ,friday6 ,look 
at "o ( ^? simple m5 9 ! pres5t day1 :o 
%ock !mselves ) ! b>\*es1 ! cig>s1 !    
newspap]s1 & ! elephants ( a ,london    
,sunday1 & occasionally digress to      
,p>is1 = ! ke5] excitation ( see+ ,pun* 
^u ! ,b\lev>ds1 & wond]+ :]e heav5      
res]ves its ?und]4 ,& put ! p>allel     
case2 t a good ,au/rian or ,nav>rese    
,ca?olic came "h1 & griev$ 8 he>t ) our 
weekly do+s on a ,friday1 to say no?+ ( 
our m :olesale (f5ces = =ty days toge!r 
9 ,l5t4 ,su* fry+2 su* b>becu+2 9 no    
place did ,i see anybody hav+ ! smalle/ 

notion ( a r$ h]r+6 ,all are involv$ 9  
"o flood ( s9 & gravy6 ,h[ fa?omless !  
pati5ce ( heav51 t su* an isl& is n     
swall[$ up ( ! deep6 ,we h look$ into ! 
rule he pr(esses to g by2 & we decl>e x 
is n !re1 b ! contr>y4 ,we "k we mu/    
appe> 9 ! next _w ) all our mutton on   
our heads4 ,b we h done our be/ to look 
at ! rule ) ! light t ,god has giv5 u2 &
 9 spite ( ,au/ria or ,nav>re1 we w take
 ! risk ( ,8 n be+ angry ) u1 = see+ no 
prohibition ( mutton !re4' ,?us we see t
 mutton-eat+ 0 at "o p]iod blasphem\s4  
99 ,quot$ f ',a ,comm5t>y on ! ,public  
,discussion on !      subjects (        
,necessity & ,responsibility1' c ,by    
,jona?an      ,jona?an1 late ( ! ,unit$ 
,/ates4       9999  ',! ,"q ( ,sabba?   
,obs]vance1 tri$ by !      ,*ur*'s own  
rule1' c4 ,by ,col4 ,peyronnet ,?ompson1
 ,f4,r4,s1      ( ,que5's ,college1     
,cambridge4  ,mr4 ,s]geant ,talf\rd told
 ! jury1 9 ! case ( ,he!r+ton v4 ,moxon1
 t if ! gov]nm5t 7 consi/5t 9 c>ry+ out 
prosecutions = blasphemy--,%aksp]e1     

,milton1 ,byron1 ,%elley1 ,s\!y--might  
be prohibit$4 ,?is p]haps w\ld be an    
agreeable result to a rev]5d g5tleman   
well kn[n 9 ?is c\rt & c\nty1 :o says   
all sci5ce %\ld be de/roy$2 b ,i tru/ y 
ent]ta9 no su* feel+s1 & t if ,i c %[ t 
my s5tim5ts _c be productive ( h>m1 y w 
feel call$ ^u to acquit me4 ,i claim no 
inh]5t "r ( express+ my op9ions1 ,i only
 cont5d = lib]ty ( expression because   
requir$ = ! public good4 ,a doctr9e 0   
laid d[n by ,"l ,john ,russell ^u !     
occasion ( ! pres5tation ( ! ,national  
,petition1 :i* ,i w quote z a view ( !  
subject ( human rights well express$4   
',i am aw>e1' he said1 't x is a doctr9e
 frequ5tly urg$1 & ,i p]ceive dwelt ^u 9
 ?is petition1 t e male ( a c]ta9 age   
has a "r1 absolute & inali5able1 to     
elect a repres5tative to take 8 place   
among ! memb]s 9 ! ,commons' ,h\se (    
,p>liam5t4 ,n[1 sir1 ,i nev] c\ld und]/&
 t indefeasible "r4 ,x appe>s to me t t 
"q1 l e o!r 9 ! practical application ( 
politics1 is to be settl$ by !          

in/itutions & ! laws ( ! c\ntry ( :i* ! 
p]son is a native4 ,i see no m "r t a   
p]son tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age has to elect a
 memb] ( p>liam5t ?an he has to be a    
juryman4 ,i conceive t y may j z well   
say t e adult male has a "r to sit ^u a 
jury to decide ! mo/ complicat$ &       
difficult que/ions ( prop]ty1 or t e man
 has a "r to ex]cise ! judicial         
functions1 z ! p did 9 "s ( ! republics 
( antiquity4 ,^! ?+s1 z x appe>s to me1 
are n matt]s ( "r2 b if x be = ! good ( 
! p at l>ge1 if x be conducive to ! "r  
gov]nm5t ( ! /ate1 if x t5d to !        
ma9t5ance ( ! fre$om & welf>e ( ! p1 t a
 c]ta9 numb]1 def9$ & limit$ by a       
ref]5ce to a fix$ /&>d ( prop]ty1 %\ld h
 ! "r ( elect+ memb]s ( p>liam5t1 & if x
 be disadvantage\s to ! community at    
l>ge t ! "r ( suffrage %\ld be univ]sal1
 !n ,i say t on su* a subject !         
consid]ation ( ! public good %\ld       
prevail1 t legislation mu/ act ^u x z on
 e o!r1 & t no inali5able "r c be quot$ 
aga9/ t :i* ! good ( ! :ole dem&s4'  ,if

 ,"l ,russell did n1 ,i d see a diff]5ce
 betwe5 ! claim ( an elector & ! "r ( a 
juryman4 ,! elector is *iefly conc]n$ ) 
8 own int]e/s1 ! juryman ) o!r p's--"o  
is simple1 ! o!r complex4 ,b ) ! measure
 ( "r laid d[n by 8 lord%ip 9 ! s5tim5ts
 ,i h quot$1 ,i p]fectly accord1 & if x 
c\ld be %[n t fre$om ( expression       
produc$ public h>m1 !n ,i w\ld give x   
up4 ,b ,i believe su* a "r w\ld produce 
good1 & !re=e ,i claim x at y\r h&s ^u !
 gr\nd ( public good4  ,9 :at ,i urge1 x
 is n fai? b reason1 z f> z ,i und]/& x1
 t ,i take = my guide--a rule ( argum5t 
,i tru/ y w accept4 ',reason cont5ts    
me1' 0 inscrib$ z ! motto on ! seal ( ! 
lett] f ,sir ,james ,graham1 ackn[l$g+ !
 receipt ( ! ,*elt5ham memorial4 ,if    
reason 'cont5ts' ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 & 
'f\nta9 ( ju/ice1' surely x ought to    
'cont5t' ! *annels ?r\gh :i* su* ju/ice 
is diffus$ ov] society4 ,reason w\ld    
always be pref]r$ by u 7 we n diff]5tly 
in/ruct$4 ',bewild]$1' says ,did]ot1 '9 
an imm5se =e/ dur+ ! night1 & hav+ only 

"o small tor* = my guide1 a /rang]      
approa*es & ?us addresses me3 ,fri5d1   
bl[ out ?y light if ?\ w\ld/ make sure (
 ! "r pa? ,! =e/ 0 ! _w--! light 0 my   
reason---! /rang] 0 a prie/4'  ,aft]    
sev]al quotations %[+ ! dubi\s & (t5    
p]nici\s influ5ce ( sacr$ au?ority1 ,mr4
 ,holyoake obs]v$---,religi\s sanctions 
are reg>d$ only by ! ignorant1 :om !y   
confirm 9 folly4 ,! good f9d _! sanction
 9 ! satisfaction ef a virtu\s act      
p]=m$4 ,9 an address ( ! ,rev4 ,f4      
,close1 deliv]$ a %ort "t s9ce at !     
,*ur* ( ,engl& ,tradesm5 & ,work+ ,m5's 
,association ( ,*elt5ham1 he said1 't ! 
m a man is advanc$ 9 human k1 ! m is he 
oppos$ to religion1 & ! m deadly enemy  
he is to ! tru? ( ,god4' ,if ?is        
,*ri/ian m9i/] is to be believ$1 !n may 
y burn y\r books--=sake all m5tal       
ref9em5t--& be equal 9 piety &          
ignorance4 ,if ,*ri/ianity is oppos$ to 
human improvem5t1 !n %\ld all sy/ems (  
ignorance be patronis$ by ,*ri/ians4    
,s5tim5ts l ^! w\ld lead u to give up   

,boyle1 ,locke1 & ,newton1 & reg>d !m1 )
 ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,close1 ) dete/ation4     
,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e4 ,let me see !     
disc\rse ( ,mr4 ,close f :i* y are      
quot+4  ,! book 0 h&$ to 8 lord%ip4     
,mr4 ,holyoake4 ,if ! correctness ( t   
report be d\bt$1 ,i may /ate t !        
s5tim5ts ( ,mr4 ,close 7 repli$ to by   
,mr4 ,g4 ,b]keley4  ,p]mit me n[ to draw
 y\r att5tion /rongly to :at has be5    
said by m5 9 au?ority ( ! impolicy ( ^! 
prosecutions--t ev5 if y 7 ju/ifi$ 9    
inflict+ puni%m5t on me1 x w\ld n be    
wise to d s1 ,"l ,br\gham1 ?ree or f\r  
ye>s ago1 said1 ',i may und]rate ! p[] (
 tru? oppos$ to error1 & ,i may ov]rate 
! good s5se ( my fell[ c\ntry m5 9      
reject+ x1 b "o ?+ ,i d n ov]rate--! p[]
 ( p]secution to spread t :i* p]secution
 only c spread4' ,:5 ,i walk ?r\gh any (
 ^? anci5t places1 z ,i did ye/]day     
?r\gh y\r beautiful ca!dral1 ,i feel !  
maje/y !y ev] pres5t1 & ?9k ( ! mann] 9 
:i* our ,ca?olic ance/ors act$ on ! m9ds
 ( m54 ,!re 7 sublimity & pageantry &   

pomp to create awe4 ,we h none n[ ( t   
beauty ( ar*itecture 9 our meagre *ur*es
 & m meagre *apels4 ,!y _h a s]vice m   
impos+ ?an we ev] _h4 ,recollect+ all ^!
 ?+s1 ,i h wond]$ h[ any?+ c\ld be f\nd 
suffici5tly p[]ful to %ake !m (f4 ,i h  
wond]$ h[ ,lu!r1 ) 8 rude vulg>ity1 c\ld
 h effect$ s mu*4 ,i c only acc\nt = x 9
 ?is way--t :5 ! ,ca?olics dragg$ 8     
foll[]s to gaol1 x 0 f\nd t human feel+s
 7 /rong] ?an human cre$s4  ,^!         
prosecutions are entirely 9 opposition  
to ! s5tim5ts promulgat$ by y\rselves1 z
 appe>s f a book giv5 me 9 gaol call$ ! 
',manual ( ,devotion4' ,i amus$ myself  
by contract+ ! pr(ession conta9$ 9 x ) !
 practice ( my oppon5ts4 ,x is publi%$  
by ! ',society = ,promot+ ,*ri/ian ,k4' 
,9 ! ',disc\rse conc]n+ ,pray]1' x is   
laid d[n t ! 'second qualification =    
pray] is *>ity or love4 ,!re is no?+ s  
contr>y to ! nature ( ,god1 no?+ s wide 
( ! true _s ( a ,*ri/ian1 z bitt]ness & 
wra?1 malice & envy2 & !re=e x is va9 to
 ?9k t ev5 our pray]s c be acceptable to

 ,god1 till we h put on1 z ! elect (    
,god1 b[els ( m]cy1 k9dness1 humbl5ess (
 m9d1 meekness1 long-suff]+1 =be>+ "o   
ano!r1 & =giv+ "o ano!r1 z ,/4 ,paul    
comm&s4' ,g5tlem51 :]e are ^! s5tim5ts  
ev9c$ 9 ?is prosecution8  ,! '?ird      
qualification--,is fai?4 ,if any ( y    
lack wisdom1 says ,/4 ,james1 let him   
ask ( ,god1 b let him ask 9 fai?4' ,my  
prosecutors h ask$ ,mr4 ,bubb1 h _h fai?
 9 policem51 & confid5ce only 9 !       
'common law4'  ,! 'f\r? qualification   
is--,t 9 all ?+s ( a temporal conc]n1 we
 mu/ ex]cise an entire submission to ! w
 ( ,god4 ,a good ,*ri/ian w be sure to  
leave ! issue 9 ,god's h&s4' ,9 my case 
n ! w ( ,god1 b ! w ( bigots 0 done1 & !
 'issue' left 9 ! turnkey's h&s4  ,!    
'fif? qualification--,is t ! p]son pray+
 ha? a good int5tion2 t he asks = a good
 end4 ,we mu/ n pray z ! rev5geful man  
:5 he prays = au?ority1 t he may h ! m  
p[] to effect 8 evil designs4' ,:at c be
 m :olly condemnatory ( ^! proce$+s ?an 
^! in/ructions ( ! ',manual (           

,devotion8'  ,:5 ! ',life ( ,*ri/1' by  
,dr4 ,/rauss1 appe>$ 9 ,b]l91 contr>y to
 usages 9 su* matt]s1 ! ,prussian       
gov]nm5t consult$ ! cl]gy to asc]ta9 f  
!m :e!r x w\ld n be prud5t to prohibit  
?is extraord9>y production4 ,! celebrat$
 ,bi%op ,ne&] 0 commission$ by !        
ecclesia/ical body ( ,b]l91 to p]use !  
book & to return an answ]4 ,ne&] did s1 
& decl>$ 9 reply1 t ! "w submitt$ to 8  
exam9ation ?reat5$1 x 0 true1 !         
demolition ( all cre$s2 nev]!less1 he   
reque/$ t full lib]ty %\ld n be d5i$ to 
8 adv]s>y1 9 ord] t full & free         
discussion might be ! only judges betwe5
 tru? & error4 ,& :5 ask$ :e!r x %\ld be
 prosecut$1 said1 ',no1 ,i w answ] x4'  
,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e4 ,t "w 0 temp]ately
 writt54  ,mr4 ,holyoake4 ,ne&] did     
reply to x1 & ,/rauss _h ! manl9ess to  
ackn[l$ge t x _h correct$ _m ( 8 errors4
 ,w\ld t h be5 done _h he be5 prosecut$8
 ,dr4 ,/rauss's "w on ! scriptures got  
him a pr(essor's *air 9 ,g]many4 ,9 ?is 
c\ntry x w\ld h made him am5able to !   

common law1 & to "o1 two1 or ?ree ye>s' 
imprisonm5t4  ,g5tlem51 9 ! p]t9acity ( 
my op5 reply to ,maitl&1 y may f9d      
some?+ objectionable1 b ,i happ5 to be  
an admir] ( t s5tim5t express$ by !     
hone/ ',vic> ( ,wakefield'--',9 all     
human in/itutions a small] evil is all[$
 to procure a great] good2 z 9 politics1
 a prov9ce may be giv5 away1 to secure a
 k+dom2 9 m$ic9e1 a limb may be lopt (f1
 to pres]ve ! body4 ,b 9 religion1 ! law
 is writt5 & inflexible1 nev] to d      
evil4' ,!n1 g5tlem51 ,i ought to be     
tol]at$ 9 ! tru?fulness ( my answ]4     
,milton1 9 8 ,prose ,works199 9 ref]5ce 
to an incid5t 9 8 travels1 says3--      
99 ,milton's ,prose ,works1 pp4 #icc-d1 
#hvo edit4   ,edit$ by      ,flet*]4    
',:ile ,i 0 on my way back to ,rome1 "s 
m]*ants in=m$ me t ! ,engli% ,jesuits _h
 =m$ a plot aga9/ me1 if ,i return$ to  
,rome1 because ,i _h spok5 too freely ( 
religion2 = x 0 a rule :i* ,i laid d[n  
to myself 9 ^? places1 nev] to be ! fir/
 to beg9 any conv]sation on religion--b1

 if any que/ions 7 put to me conc]n+ my 
fai?1 to decl>e x )\t any res]ve or     
fe>4'  ,?is is ! rule :i* ,i myself h   
foll[$ 9 ?is case4  ,s9ce 8 lord%ip--) m
 lib]ality ?an is cu/om>y1 & ) m        
philosophy ?an ,i expect$ on matt]s (   
religion 7on :i* ,i he> 8 lord%ip ?9ks v
 dev\tly7--has said1 t any religion may 
be discuss$ 9 temp]ate language1 x is n 
necess>y = me to prove1 z ,i %\ld h     
done1 t x w\ld be useless lib]ty = me to
 ent]ta9 op9ions )\t p]mission to publi%
 !m4 ,! only "q is :e!r1 9 ! expression 
( ^! op9ions1 ,i us$ a prop] k9d (      
language4 ,i ?9k ,i h prov$ t ,i 0 f> f 
hav+ any ( ^? 'malici\s' feel+s !       
indictm5t presupposes4 ,_m figures (    
spee* h be5 us$ 9 ?is c\rt f :i* my     
feel+s revolt$ z mu* z ^? ( any p]son   
c\ld f :at ,i said4 ,no all[ance is made
 = ?is1 & too mu* importance is atta*$  
to :at is assum$ to be ridicule4 ,a %ort
 "t ago x 0 argu$1 t if ! political     
squibs :i* are se5 9 %op w9d[s 7 p]mitt$
 to be publi%$1 !y w\ld br+ gov]nm5t    

into contempt1 & y w\ld soon h no       
gov]nm5t4 ,_! publication has be5       
p]mitt$4 ,h we no gov]nm5t n[8 ,i feel !
 utility ( a gov]nm5t1 & no =ce (       
ridicule c\ld %ake my belief 9 !        
importance ( good gov]nm5t4 ,s x is )   
religion4 ,no?+ t is utt]$1 h[ev]       
contemptu\s1 c br+ x into contempt1 if x
 really is useful & b5eficial4 ,we might
 defy all ! wits & c>icaturi/s 9 ! _w to
 br+ ! problems ( ,euclid into contempt4
 ,no man c br+ into contempt t :i* is   
ess5tial & true4  ,! c\nsel :o op5$ !   
case did n /ate :e!r ! indictm5t 0 at   
/atute or common law4  ,mr4 ,ju/ice     
,ersk9e4 ,common law4  ,mr4 ,holyoake4  
,!n1 g5tleman ( ! jury1 ,i %all draw y\r
 att5tion to t1 & ,i hope ,i %all be    
able to expla9 ! law be>+ on my case4   
,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e4 ,! jury mu/ take !
 law f me4 ,i am responsible = t4  ,mr4 
,holyoake4 ,i "k1 my "l2 b /ill ,i may  
ref] to x4 ,a fri5d ( m9e consult$ !    
works be>+ ^u ! law ( ?is case499 ,i h  
"h ! results ( 8 lab\rs1 &1 if ,i am    

wrong1 y\r lord%ip w1 9 summ+ up1       
correct me4       99 ,i 0 indebt$ to    
,mr4 ,j4 ,homffrey ,p>ry1 b>ri/]1 =     
! revision ( ! argum5t ,i employ$4      
,g5tleman ( ! jury1 ! common law is a   
judge-made law4 ,a judge laid d[n1 "s   
ye>s ago1 t to say any?+ aga9/ !        
,*ri/ian religion 0 an indictable (f5ce4
 ,ano!r judge foll[$ him & said ! same2 
& at la/ x came n to be d\bt$4 ,if ,i %[
 !re is no law prop]ly made 9 p>liam5t  
assembl$1 y ought to acquit me4  ,!     
(f5ce ) :i* ,i am *>g$ is an (f5ce at   
common law4 ,!re is no /atute :i*       
puni%es a man simply = d5y+ ! exi/5ce ( 
,god4 ,!re is a /atute 7#i & #aj ,wm4   
,,iii41 c4 #cb7 direct$ aga9/ ^? :o d5i$
 ! ,tr9ity & :o r5\nc$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,b !
 =m] "p has be5 repeal$ 9 fav\r (       
,unit>ians1 by ! #ecrd ,geo4 ,,iii41 e4 
#afj2 & ! words ,i am *>g$ ) hav+ spok5 
_c be br\ght )9 ! latt]4 ,!re is a      
/atute aga9/ pr(ane curs+ & swe>+ 7#ai  
,geo4 ,,ii41 c4 #ba71 b x takes no      
cognisance ( ?is (f5ce4 ,human be+s h   

also be5 put to dea? = wit*craft 7#cc   
,h54 ,,viii41 c4 #h2 & #a ,james ,i41 c4
 #ab71 "u ! m]ciless /atutes :i* 7      
enact$ 9 times ( ! grosse/ ignorance &  
sup]/ition2 b ^? /atutes h be5 repeal$  
7#i ,geo4 ,,ii41 c4 #e74 ,?is (f5ce1    
!re=e1 is an (f5ce aga9/ ! common law1  
if x is an (f5ce at all4 ,x is to be    
f\nd 9 ! record$ decisions ( ! judges1  
if x is to be f\nd any:]e2 & ! puni%m5t 
= x is 9 _! discretion4 ,_h x be5 an    
(f5ce "u a /atute1 x w\ld h be5         
impossible = me to h d5i$ ! au?ority ( !
 /atute2 b1 z x is an (f5ce at common   
law1 x is q compet5t = me to %[ t !     
au?orities :i* h be5 suppos$ to         
con/itute ! (f5ce d n w>rant su* a      
con/ruction4 ,%\ld y\r lord%ip ev5      
decl>e t y _h no d\bt ^u ! subject1 x   
w\ld /ill be compet5t = me to br+ be=e y
 ! decisions ( =m] judges1 to argue ^u  
^? decisions1 & to %[1 if ,i c\ld1 t !re
 0 "s mi/ake or error runn+ ?r\gh\t !   
:ole ( !m4 ,y\r lord%ip1 ,i am sure1 w  
admit t judges are fallible1 & t a bl9d1

 unreason+ submission to !m no man %\ld 
give4 ,z "s excuse = presum+ to d\bt !  
decision ( "s ( y\r lord%ip's           
pr$ecessors1 ,i %all quote ! foll[+     
passage f ! preface to ,mr4 ,watk9's    
treatise on ,conveyanc+1 all[$ to be a  
ma/]-piece ( legal sagacity & me?od4 ',i
 believe1' writes t g5tleman1 'x w be   
f\nd1 on exam9ation1 t an implicit      
submission to ! ass]tions ( our         
pr$ecessors1 :atev] /ation ^?           
pr$ecessors may h held1 has be5 "o ( !  
mo/ c]ta9 s\rces ( error1 ,p]haps !re is
 no?+ :i* has s mu* %ackl$ ! human      
intellect1 no?+ :i* has s greatly       
promot$ :atev] is tyrannic1 prepo/]\s1 &
 absurd1 no?+ p]haps :i* has s mu*      
degrad$ ! species 9 ! scale ( be+ z !   
implicit submission to individual       
dicta4' ,& he !n goes on 9 vigor\s t]ms 
to reprobate ! practice ( all[+         
'au?ority to %\ld] out common s5se1 or  
adh]+ to prec$5t 9 defiance ( pr9ciple4'
 ,^u ! pr9ciple conta9$ 9 ?is passage ,i
 %all act1 9 claim+ ! att5tion ( y\r    

lord%ip1 & y1 g5tlem5 ( ! jury1 :il/ ,i 
exam9e ! au?orities = ! doctr9e :i* br+s
 ! (f5ce ) :i* ,i am *>g$ )9 !          
jurisdiction ( ! temporal c\rts4 ,y\r   
lord%ip w1 p]haps1 ref] to ^! books4    
,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e1 ,no ne$ ( t4 ,if x
 is n an (f5ce at common law1 ?is       
indictm5t is wor? no?+4 ,y c take x be=e
 ! fifte5 judges on a writ ( error4 ,i  
sit "h1 n to correct ! law1 b m]ely to  
adm9i/] x499       99 ,i h be5 told by a
 legal fri5d ( great exp]i5ce1      t at
 ?is po9t ,i might h tak5 ! judge at 8  
^w1      & h c>ri$ ! case be=e ! judges 
= decision2      b ,i 0 unacqua9t$ ) !  
=ms ( law 9 su* cases1      & ,i moreov]
 di/ru/$ ! judge4  ,mr4 ,holyoake       
resum$4 ,9 ! f\r? volume ( ',black/one's
 ,comm5t>ies1' p4 #ei1 9 speak+ ( (f5ces
 aga9/ ,god & religion1 t writ] says1   
',! f\r? species ( (f5ces1 !re=e1 m     
imm$iately aga9/ ,god & religion1 is t (
 blasphemy aga9/ ! ,almighty1 by d5y+ 8 
be+ or provid5ce1 or by contumeli\s     
reproa*es ( our savi\r1 ,*ri/4 ,:i!r    

also may be ref]r$ all pr(ane sc(f+ at !
 holy scripture1 or expos+ x to contempt
 & ridicule4 ,^! are (f5ces puni%able at
 common law by f9e & imprisonm5t1 or o!r
 infam\s corporal puni%m5t2 =           
,*ri/ianity is "p ( ! laws ( ,engl&4'   
,black/one quotes1 9 support ( ! fir/   
species1 a volume ( ',v5tris' ,reports1'
 p4 #bih2 & ! second f ! second volume (
 ',/range's ,reports1' p4 #hcd4 ,mr4    
,*ri/ian1 ! comm5tator ^u ,black/one1   
adds1 9 a note1 a passage f ! ',ye>     
,book' 7#cd ,h5ry ,,vi471 folio #dc4  ,!
 e>lie/ case is t f ! ye> book1 9 ! #cd?
 ye> ( ,h5ry ,,vi4 7#adeh74 ,mr4        
,*ri/ian quotes f x ?is                 
passage--',scripture e/ common ley1 sur 
quel t\tes mani]es de leis sont fondes' 
7i4e41 ,scripture is common law1 ^u :i* 
all descriptions ( laws are f\nd$74 ,7  
?is quotation correct1 & did ! ^w       
scripture "h mean 'holy scripture1' or  
:at is g5]ally und]/ood by ! ,bible1 !n 
,i admit ?is passage w\ld be a good     
f\ndation to build up ,mr4 ,judge       

,black/one's law4 ,b x is no su* ?+4 ,! 
case 9 ! ye> book is a case ( qu>e      
imp$it1 &1 9 ! c\rse ( ! argum5t ! "q   
arose :e!r1 9 a matt] ( induction to a  
b5efice by ! ord9>y 7i4e41 ! bi%op7 !   
common law w\ld take notice (1 or be    
b\nd by1 ! law or practices ( ! *ur*4   
,:]e-4 ^u1 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,prisot        
says--',to su* laws1 :i* !y ( ! holy    
*ur* h 9 anci5t writ+1 x becomes u to   
give cr$5ce1 = su* is common law1 ^u :i*
 all descriptions ( laws are f\nd$4 ,&  
!re=e1 sir1 we are oblig$ to recognise  
_! law ( ! holy *ur*--likewise !y are   
oblig$ to recognise our law4 ,&1 sir1 if
 x appe>s to u n[ t ! bi%op has done z  
an ord9>y %\ld d 9 su* a case1 !n we    
ought to judge x good--if o!rwise1 bad4'
  ,9 ?is passage1 !n1 !re is n "o ^w    
ab\t scripture 9 ! s5se ( 'holy         
scripture4' ,judge ,prisot says1 ',to   
su* laws z ! *ur* has 9 anci5 scripture 
7t4 e4#i anci5t writ+7 we ought to give 
cr$5ce4' ,& :at does he mean by 'laws   
:i* ! *ur* has 9 anci5t writ+8' n any   

laws t are to be f\nd 9 ! ,bible1 b !   
canon or ecclesia/ical laws by :i* !    
temporal conc]ns ( ! *ur* are guid$4 ,& 
! reason he uses ! phrase 'anci5        
scripture1' or anci5t writ+1 is t ! laws
 7 n !n pr9t$2 ! only record ( !m 0 9   
writ+4 ,pr9t+ _h n be5 introduc$ into   
,engl&1 & 0 only j discov]$ on !        
cont95t1 ! laws !re=e ( ! spiritual &   
temporal c\rts 7 only to be se5 9 writ+4
 ,& z ?\gh !re %\ld be no d\bt z to 8   
mean+1 he goes on to say1 ',& z we are  
oblig$ to recognise _! laws 7t is !     
ecclesia/ical laws1 or laws ( !         
spiritual c\rts71 s !y are oblig$ to    
recognise our laws 7t is1 ! laws ( !    
temporal c\rts74' ,x mu/ !re=e be evid5t
 t ?is quotation ( ,mr4 ,*ri/ian is a   
p]v]sion or mi/ake1 a judicial =g]y or a
 judicial blund]1 & 9 ei!r case its     
au?ority is ( no value4 ,x mu/ be       
dismiss$ altoge!r f our m9ds 9 consid]+ 
:at ! law is ^u ?is po9t--t is1 :e!r    
,*ri/ianity is or is n a "p & p>cel ( ! 
law ( ,engl&4 ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 we   

%all f9d t ?is case is actually made !  
sub/ratum ( ! law4 ,9 prov+1 !re=e1 t x 
_c w>rant su* a law1 surely ,i prove t  
at common law1 at lea/ to speak aga9/   
,*ri/ianity1 is n an (f5ce4  ,! next    
case is t 9 ,v5tris' ,report1 vol4 #a1  
p4 #bic4 ,x is call$ ,taylor's case1 &  
,*ief ,ju/ice ,hale c]ta9ly decl>es     
explicitly 9 ?is case1 't ,*ri/ianity is
 p>cel ( ! laws ( ,engl&4' ,b he cites  
no au?ority :atev]4  ,9 ! case analys$ f
 ! ye> book1 x is expressly said1 t !   
common law is to be f\nd 9 'anci5t      
writ+s1' & ! unsupport$ dictum ( a judge
 9 ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury _c be   
con/ru$ z a "p ( ! anci5t writ+s ( !    
common law4 ,ei!r ! law already exi/$ or
 x did n4 ,if x did1 ! "q is--:]e is x8 
,if x did n1 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,hale c\ld n 
!n make x = ! fir/ "t2 & ?is case 9     
,v5tris' _c be said to lay d[n ! law4 ,!
 case 9 ! second volume ( ,/range is !  
,k+ v4 ,wool/on4 ,! def5dant _h be5     
convict$ ( writ+ f\r blasphem\s         
disc\rses aga9/ ! div9ity & "* ( ,*ri/2 

& ^u attempt+ to move 9 arre/ ( judgm5t1
 ! c\rt decl>$ !y w\ld n suff] x to be  
debat$ :e!r to write aga9/ ,*ri/ianity 9
 g5]al 0 an (f5ce puni%able 9 ! temporal
 c\rts ( common law4 ,& !y cit$         
,taylor's case1 :i* has be5 %[n to be an
 insuffici5t au?ority1 or r no au?ority 
at all1 & ! ,k+ v4 ,hale1 9 ! same      
volume ( ,/range1 p4 #daf1 b :i* 0 an   
indictm5t "u ! /atute 7#i  #aj ,wm4     
,,hi47 = speak+ aga9/ ! ,tr9ity1 & !re=e
 _c 9 any way support ! common law      
doctr9e4  ,! fir/ p]son :o call$        
att5tion to ! utt] want ( au?ority 9 !  
common law = ! dictum 't ,*ri/ianity 0  
"p ( ! common law1' 0 ,jeff]son1 !      
second presid5t ( ,am]ica--himself a    
pr(\nd lawy]1 & to 8 ref]5ces ,i am     
indebt$ = ! =ego+ au?orities1 :i*1      
h[ev]1 h be5 c>efully v]ifi$4 ,mr4      
,jeff]son1 9 a lett] to ,major          
,c>t-wright1 to be f\nd 9 vol4 ii41 p4  
#bgb1 ( 8 ',memoirs1' exposes ! mode 9  
:i* ?is law 0 creat$4 ,allud+ to ! case 
( ,prisot1 he says1 ',f9* 9 8 fir/ book1

 c4 #c1 is ! fir/ :o aft]w>ds quotes ?is
 case4 ,he mis/ates x ?us3 ,to su* laws 
( ! *ur* z h w>rant 9 holy scripture1   
our law give? cr$5ce1 & cites ,prisot1  
mi/ranslat+ anci5 scripture into holy   
scripture4 ,?is 0 9 #afac1 a c5tury & a 
half aft] ! dictum ( ,prisot4 ,w+ate1 9 
#afeh1 erects ?is false translation into
 a maxim ( ! common law1 copy+ ! words (
 ,f9*1 b cit+ ,prisot4 ,%eph>d1 title   
,religion1 9 #afge1 copies ! same       
mi/ranslation1 quot+ ! ye> book1 f9*1 & 
,w+ate4 ,hale expresses x 9 ^! words1   
,*ri/ianity is p>cel ( ! laws ( ,engl&1 
b quotes no au?ority4 ,wood1 #dji1      
v5tures /ill to v>y ! phrase1 & says1 t 
all blasphemy & prophan5ess are (f5ces  
by ! common law1 & ,black/one repeats ! 
words ( ,hale4' ,9 ! case ( ! ! ,k+ v4  
,c>lile1 decid$ s9ce ,mr4 ,jeff]son     
wrote ?is lett]1 !re 0 no argum5t z to !
 common law4 ,! "q 0 z to :e!r ! /atute 
7#i  #aj ,wm4 ,,iii47 _h sup]s$$ !      
common law4 ,b ! common law itself 0 n  
call$ 9 "q1 :i* ,i submit x %\ld be1 &  

by a wise example sup]s$$4  ,b let u see
 :at ,*ri/ianity is accord+ to common   
law8 ,we may rem>k--  #a4 ,its          
inconsi/5cy4--,x calls blasphemy !      
greate/ crime man c commit4 ,yet 9 !    
case ( ,he!r+ton v4 ,moxon1 x p]mits !  
respectable blasphem] to g free4        
,blasphemy 9 gu9ea volumes x all[s1 b   
exhibits ! holie/ horror at x :5 9 p5ny 
pamphlets4  #b4 ,its b>b>ity1 z 9 ,pet] 
,annet's case4--,9 ,mi*aelmas t]m1 ,m4  
#c4 ,g4 #c4 ,pet] ,annet 0 convict$ on  
an in=mation = writ+ 'a mo/ blasphem\s  
libel1' 9 weekly pap]s call$ ! ,free    
,inquir]1 to :i* he plead$ guilty2 9    
consid]ation ( :i*1 & ( 8 pov]ty1 ( 8   
hav+ confess$ 8 errors 9 an affidavit1 &
 ( 8 be+ #gd ye>s old1 & "s symptoms (  
wildness t appe>$ on 8 inspection 9     
c\rt1 ! c\rt decl>$ !y _h mitigat$ 8    
puni%m5t to ! foll[+3 ,to be imprison$ 9
 ,newgate = "o mon?2 to /& twice 9 !    
pillory ) a pap] on 8 =ehead1 inscrib$  
,blasphemy2 to be s5t to ! ,h\se (      
,correction to h>d lab\r = a ye>2 to pay

 a f9e ( #fs4 #h;d41 & to f9d security  
himself 9 ,l#ajj1 & two sureties 9 ,l#ej
 ea* = 8 good behavi\r dur+ life499  #c4
 ,its caprici\sness4--,! common law be=e
 ! "t ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 0 "o ?+1 b        
aft]w>ds x 0 ano!r4 ,! language :i* 0   
blasphemy at ! fir/ p]iod1 0 n s 9 !    
o!r4 ,^? expressions :i* insult$ ,god   
be=e ,h5ry ! ,eigh? 0 born1 did n insult
 him aft]w>ds4 ,h5ry ! ,eigh?'s op9ion  
made ! diff]5ce4 ,"l ,commission]       
,:ite-locke 7#e ,h[ell's ,/ate ,trials1 
p4 #hbf71 9 ,debate :e!r ,james ,nayl] !
 quak] %\ld suff] dea?1 rem>k$1 ',i     
rememb] a case 9 our book ,h4 #g1 :]e ! 
bi%op committ$ "o to prison = a h]etic1 
& ! h]esy 0 d5y+ t ty!s 7 due to !      
p>son4 ,?is at t "t 0 a v great h]esy4' 
#d4 ,its disreg>d ( equal ju/ice4--,a   
,briti% subject w\ld be puni%$ = fir+   
into a ,turki% vessel2 b he is n        
puni%able = attack+ ! capta9 & sailors )
 ,bibles & tracts1 :i*1 if !y read &    
believe1 w make !m apo/ates f ! fai? (  
,mahomet1 & blasphem]s ( ! ,koran4 ,:ile

 on t]ms ( amity ) ! ,sublime ,porte1 ! 
laws ( ,engl& re/ra9 u f despoil+ !m (  
_! prop]ty1 b n f despoil+ !m ( _!      
religion49999       99 ,black/one's     
,reports1 p4 #cje4       9999 ,vide     
,free?9k]'s ,in=mation = ! ,p4  #e4 ,x  
debases religion z be/ set              
=?4--',religion 7says ,miss ,m>t9eau7   
is1 9 its wide/ s5se1 ! t5d5cy ( human  
nature to ! inf9ite2 & its pr9ciple is  
manife/$ 9 ! pursuit ( p]fection 9 any  
direction :atev]4 ,x is 9 ?is wide/ s5se
 t "s speculative a!i/s h be5 religi\s  
m52 religi\s 9 _! ef=ts aft]            
self-p]fection2 ?\gh unable to p]sonify 
_! conception ( ! inf9ite4 ,9 a some:at 
n>r[] s5se1 religion is ! relation :i* !
 highe/ human s5tim5ts be> t[>ds an     
inf9itely p]fect be+4 ,!re c be no fur!r
 n>r[+ ?an ?is4 ,any acc\nt ( religion  
:i* re/ricts x )9 ! b\nd>ies ( any      
sy/em1 :i* connects x ) any mode (      
belief1 :i* implicates x ) hope ( rew>d1
 or fe> ( puni%m5t1 is l[ & injuri\s1 & 
debases religion into sup]/ition4' ,h[  

mu* m is religion degrad$ t is made !   
subject ( rew>d & puni%m5t "h8  ,?us    
speaks ! common law ^u ^! po9ts1 & ?us1 
z "p ( ! common law1 speaks ,*ri/ianity4
 ,w y1 by a v]dict ( guilty ?is day1 s5d
 =? to ! _w ?is c>d ( cr$5tials ( !     
religion ( ,jesus8  ,! int5tion ( a     
libel con/itutes its crim9ality4 ,x is =
 y1 g5tlem51 to say :e!r ,i kn[+ly1     
wick$ly1 & malici\sly (f5d$ ! law8      
,malice is necess>y to a                
libel--consci5ti\s words are all[able1  
',contumely & contempt are :at no       
e/abli%m5t c tol]ate3 b on ! o!r h& x   
w\ld n be prop] to lay any re/ra9t ^u   
rational & dispassionate discussions ( !
 rectitude & propriety ( ! e/abli%$ mode
 ( wor%ip4' #d ,bla4 ,com4 #ea2 #a ,pmp4
 #bai4 ,& ,mr4 ,/>kie1 on ! subject1    
says 't x may n be go+ too f> f !       
pr9ciples & decisions1 t no au?or or    
prea*] :o fairly & consci5ti\sly        
promulgates ! op9ions ) ^: tru? he is   
impress$ = ! b5efit ( o!rs1 is = s do+  
am5able z a crim9al1 t a malici\s &     

mis*iev\s int5tion is 9 su* case ! broad
 b\nd>y betwe5 "r & wrong2 & t if x c be
 collect$ f ! (f5sive levity ) :i* s    
s]i\s a subject is treat$1 or f o!r     
circum/ances1 t ! act ( ! p>ty 0        
malici\s1 !n1 s9ce ! law has no means ( 
di/+ui%+ betwe5 diff]5t degrees ( evil  
t5d5cy1 if ! matt] publi%$ conta9 any   
su* t5d5cy1 ! publi%] becomes am5able to
 ju/ice4'99       99 ,/>kie on ,libel1  
pp4 #dif-g4  ,z to ! duty ( ! jury1 ,i h
 ,"l ,*ief ,ju/ice ,abbott's op9ion1 9 8
 *>ge to ! jury 9 summ+ up ! evid5ce    
aga9/ ,mr4 ,joseph ,russell at ! ,w>wick
 ,summ] ,assizes1 on ,friday1 ,augu/    
#ac1 #ahai1 = a political libel1 be+    
,mr4 ,hone's ',p>ody on ! litany4' ,mr4 
,russell argu$ t z ,hone _h be5 acquitt$
 = publi%+ x1 he also ought to be4 ',no 
"o1' says 8 lord%ip1 'is m incl9$ ?an   
myself to speak rev]5tly ( ! decision ( 
juries4 ,b1 g5tlem51 y _c1 "u ! sanction
 ( an oa?1 take ! v]dict ( ^? juries    
ei!r directly or indirectly z y\r guide 
9 ! v]dict y are call$ ^u to give 9 ?is 

case4 ,^? juries1 no d\bt1 return$ _!   
v]dicts hone/ly & consci5ti\sly accord+ 
to ! evid5ce t 0 lay$ be=e !m4 ,:at t   
evid5ce 0 y c "k no?+ (4 ,y are to try !
 "q by y\r own consci5ces & by y\r own  
reason4 ,!y might h be5 "r 9 _!         
decision1 & y %\ld be c>eful t y are "r 
9 y\rs4'  ,aft] ?is1 y w see x is cle> t
 ?\gh a jury _h be=e f\nd a p]son guilty
 ( ! (f5ce ,i am *>g$ )1 x w be no      
ju/ification ( y\r do+ s too4 ,"h ,mr4  
,holyoake1 p]ceiv+ t he w\ld be he>d    
fairly1 & t no attempts to put him d[n 7
 practis$1 laid aside a h&ful ( notes1 &
 said3--  ,i h to ?ank y\r lord%ip1 & y1
 g5tlem5 ( ! jury1 = ! c\rtesy &        
att5tion ) :i* ,i h be5 he>d4 ,g5tlem51 
if ,i h occupi$ y long y w f9d my       
apology 9 ! circum/ance t y\r v]dict    
aga9/ me w occupy me long]4 ,i c\ld wi% 
t ju/ice to me & y\r conv5i5ce _h       
p]mitt$ brevity4 ,! l5g? ( my def5ce has
 orig9at$ ) ! *>ge aga9/ me1 & n )      
myself4  ,x is said1 t :5 ,s\!y 0 ask$  
if he 7 n a%am$ ( hav+ writt5 ,wat      

,tyl]1 he answ]$1 no m a%am$ ?an ,i am (
 hav+ be5 "y4 ,mean+1 any man may err 9 
y\?4 ,s ,i err$ 9 be+ religi\s 9 my e>ly
 days4 ,if ,i am n religi\s n[1 deem me 
n crim9al4 ,religion nev] did me a      
s]vice1 h[ !n %\ld ,i love x8 ,b x      
assail$ my y\? ) gloomy dogmas1 n[ x    
assails my lib]ty4  ,g5tlem51 if dur+ my
 address to y ,i h (f5d$ by ! frankness 
( my av[als1 x has n proce$$ f a        
disreg>d ( y\r feel+s1 b f ! belief t1 z
 m51 y w\ld pref] indep5d5ce to s]vility
 ( spee*4  ,( ! nature ( ! *>ge aga9/ me
 ,i add no fur!r ^w4 ,my only crime has 
be5 ! dis*>ge ( :at ,i consid]$ a duty4 
,= my diff]5ce 9 op9ion ) y ^u ! "q (   
,deity1 ,i (f] no apology4 ,i h made no 
contract to ?9k z y d1 & ,i owe y no    
obligation to d x4 ,if ,i comm&$ y to   
abjure y\r belief1 y w\ld disreg>d x z  
imp]t95ce1 & if y puni% me = n adjur+   
m9e1 h[ w y reconcile x ) 'do+ z y w\ld 
wi% to be done unto8'  ,_h ,i said1 t   
!re is no ,god1 /ill ,i %\ld n des]ve ! 
p5alties ( ! law4 ,if ,i po9t to ! wrong

 ,i see 9 ?is ,*ri/ian c\ntry1 & ask1 is
 ?is ,*ri/ianity8 y w\ld reply1 ',no2   
:at y ref] to results f m5 :o live )\t  
,god 9 ! _w4' ,!n1 g5tlem51 w\ld y puni%
 me = simply say+ t :i* o!r m51         
unpuni%$1 are e day do+8  ,if ,i h said 
t religi\s rev5ues %\ld be r$uc$ "o     
half1 ,i spoke only ! dictates (        
humanity at ?is season ( national       
suff]+4 ,surely x is n blasphem\s to    
argue t human mis]y %\ld be alleviat$ at
 ! exp5se ( spiritual pride4  ,i ask n  
equal rights ) y\rselves4 ,y1 z         
,*ri/ians1 c imprison ^? :o diff] f y4  
,i d n (f5d y\r pride by ask+ to be     
admitt$ y\r equals "h4 ,i desire n su*  
privileges4 ,i claim m]ely ! "r to speak
 my convictions2 to %[ a man ! "r pa? :5
 ,i ?9k he takes ! wrong "o4  ,x is a   
melan*oly maxim 9 ^! c\rts ( law1 t !   
great] ! tru? ! great] ! libel2 & s x   
w\ld be ) me ?is day c\ld ,i demon/rate 
to y t !re is no ,deity4 ,! m correct ,i
 am ! sev]] w\ld be my puni%m5t1 because
 ! law reg>ds ! belief 9 a ,god to be ! 

f\ndation ( ob$i5ce among m54 ,b ,i tru/
 ,i h conv9c$ y t my views ( ?is "q are 
compatible ) ! practice ( all our duties
 to our fell[-m51 borne out by em95t    
au?ority & long exp]i5ce4  ,sett+ aside 
! reprobation ( p]secution by           
,middleton1 by ,cl>ke1 by ,latim]1 & o!r
 div9es ,i h quot$2 ,leslie1 ,reid1 &   
,bulw] h cont5d$ t ! objections ( !     
sceptic m]ely /r5g!n ! fabric ( piety !y
 pret5d to assail4 ,g5tlem51 :i* is to  
be believ$1 div9es & philosoph]s1 or !  
common law8 ,^! p]sons speak z ?\gh !y  
believ$ ,*ri/ianity to be true2 ! common
 law puni%es z ?\gh x knew x to be      
false4  ,if ! /ate religion be true1 my 
op9ion c nev] ov]come x2 & by convict+  
me y publi% y\r consci\sness ( error 9 !
 cause y are plac$ !re to def5d z tru?4 
,if ,god be tru? y libel him & 8 p[]1 & 
publi% ! omnipot5ce ( error4  ,:5 9     
gaol1 ,i "o day op5$ ! rules drawn up by
 ! judges4 ,! #afg? op5s ?us3 ',no      
prison] %all lie4' ,n[1 g5tlem51 h[ is a
 man to act "u ^! circum/ances 9 :i* ,i 

am plac$8 ,if y f9d me guilty ^u !      
indictm5t be=e y1 my case /&s 9 ?is     
mann]--if ,i d n lie y imprison me1 & if
 ,i d y puni% me4 ,turn+ back to !      
morality ( anci5t days1 & m$itat+ )     
delight on _! noble s9c]ity & love (    
tru?1 am ,i to c\nt x a mis=tune to live
 9 mod]n times & among a ,*ri/ian p8  ,9
 y\r *ur*es1 z ,i h read to y1 y implore
 t tru? & ju/ice may desc5d among m51 &3
 ! supplication is a noble "o4 ,g5tlem51
 w y pray = tru? 9 y\r *ur*es & br& x 9 
y\r c\rts8  ,! atmosph]e ( y\r gaols z  
little assimilates ) my ta/e z _!       
puni%m5ts w accord ) my con/itution1 ,i 
seek n ^! ?+s1 ,i assure y1 b :5 !y lie 
9 ! pa? ( duty ,i tru/ ,i %all ev] pref]
 !m to a d]eliction f x4  ,b1 g5tlem51  
suppos+ t !y are my s5tim5ts t y are    
reque/$ to puni%2 y %\ld fir/ d         
y\rselves ! ju/ice to reflect :at has   
be5 said ab\t !m & ins9uat$ 9 ?is c\rt4 
,le>n$ div9es1 & sage writ]s on a!ism1  
agree t x is too absurd to ne$          
refutation--too b>r5 to satisfy1 too    

mon/r\s to attract1 too fe>ful to       
allure1 too dumb to speak1 & too dea?ly 
n to appal its own vot>ies4 ,x is /yl$  
too grave to ent]ta9 y\?1 & too devoid (
 consolation = ! trembl+ wants (        
age--too ab/ract = ! compreh5sion ( !   
ignorant1 & too unreasonable to ga9 !   
admiration ( ! intellig5t4 ,t x is al>m+
 to ! timid1 & disquiet+ to ! brave-t x 
negatives ev]y?+1 & sets up no?+1 & is s
 purely speculative t x c nev] h a      
practical be>+ on ! bus9ess ( life4     
,g5tlem51 w y di/urb ! h>mony ( ^!      
conclusions by a v]dict aga9/ me1 &     
attack t :i* nev] exi/$1 & place ^u !   
grave records ( ?is c\rt a slay+ ( !    
self-sla98 ,w y ?us draw att5tion to a  
subject y p]haps ?9k _h bett] be =gott51
 & create a conviction t x mu/ be a     
greatly important "o1 s9ce y erect x    
into public notice by direct+ ! ?und]s (
 ! law at "y & comp>atively inexp]i5c$  
believ] 9 its pr9ciple8  ,w\ld y te/ my 
op9ions by my emotions on ! b$ ( dea?8  
,let me assure y1 t if m5 c expect to   

die 9 peace :o c s5d _! fell[ m5 to a   
gaol because ( hone/ diff]5ce ( op9ion1 
,i h no?+ to fe>4  ,i am told ,i may    
hold op9ions1 b mu/ keep !m to          
myself--:i* means1 ,i may "k & feel :at 
is "r1 b mu/ nev] d x4 ,i mu/ see my    
fell[-m5 9 error1 b nev] put !m "r4 ,mu/
 live e day bel[ ! /&>d ( "r my s5se (  
duty & consci5ce sets up1 & all my life 
long 'prove all ?+s' & nev] 'hold fa/ to
 ! good4'  ,! indictm5t *>ges me ) hav+ 
'wick$ly1 malici\sly1 & ) evil design1' 
aga9/ ! peace ( ! ,que51 utt]$ c]ta9    
words4 ,:at %ad[ ( evid5ce has be5      
adduc$ to sub/antiate ?is extravagant   
*>ge8  ,w y suff] ?is c\rt to proclaim !
 sacr$ nature ( an oa?1 & op5ly violate 
x 9 ! same h\r & "u ! same ro(8 ,i might
 ask 9 ! _s ( t ,*ri/ianity y sit !re to
 adm9i/]1 h[ d y propose to answ] to y\r
 ,god 9 t day :5 ! secrets ( all he>ts  
are to be op5$1 :5 all dissembl+ is to  
be expos$1 & all p]jury puni%$2 h[ d y  
pro-pose to answ] = hav+ invok$ ! "n (  
,god 9 ?is assembly only to disreg>d x1 

on ! poor plea ( prec$5t--t o!rs h done 
s be=e8 ,=1 g5tlem51 !re is no?+ else t 
ev5 ! subtle/ sophi/ry c conjure up to  
ju/ify y4 ,b ,i be/ pref] appeal+ to y z
 hone/ m51 9 ! _s ( my own reason+1 &   
?9k+2 z m5 ) an eye to ! improvem5t (   
mank9d1 :o w\ld break ! unju/ %ackles t 
b9d !m1 :o w\ld disc>d prejudice 9 ord] 
to be j1 :o w n condemn me because ,i am
 n ri*1 & :o w li/5 to humanity r ?an to
 bigotry1 & respect tru?fulness :]ev] y 
may f9d x4 ,i believe t 9 e hone/ he>t  
!re is a s5se ( rectitude t rises       
sup]ior to cre$s1 t respects all virtue 
& protects all tru?1 t asks = no names &
 seeks no prec$5ts be=e resolv+ to d    
rightly1 t fe>s no man's fr[ns1 & d>es  
to be j )\t cu/om's p]mit4 ,to ?is      
feel+1 g5tlem51 only d ,i appeal1 & by  
its v]dict ,i am will+ to abide4  ,mr4  
,ju/ice ,ersk9e3 ,g5tlem5 ( ! jury1     
al?\gh ! l5g!n$ address ( ! def5dant has
 dem&$ f y s long endurance1 9 ?is      
vitiat$ atmosph]e1 ,i /ill tru/ we %all 
h en\gh ( p[] left to direct our m9ds to

 ! p>ts ( ?is case :i* are important4 ,!
 great] "p ( ! "t has be5 wa/$ on       
subjects ) :i* y h no?+ to d4 ,we are n 
sitt+ "h z a delib]ative assembly to    
consid] :e!r 9 respect ( su* cases z ?is
 x is politic or wise to imprison =     
op9ions--:e!r m5 ought to be puni%$ =   
utt]+ su* s5tim5ts--& ,i %all h no?+ to 
say to y on t po9t4 ,we h to decide on !
 law z we f9d x4 ,i %all make no law--! 
judges made no law1 b h h&$ x d[n f !   
e>lie/ ages4 ,i %\ld h no m p[] to alt] 
?is ?an to say ! elde/ son is n ! heir (
 8 fa!r4 ,allusion has be5 made to "s   
expressions ( m9e1 :5 9 ! c\rse ( my    
duty ,i direct$ ! att5tion ( ! gr& jury 
to ^! cases4 ,c]ta9ly ! pr9t$ report 0  
highly incorrect4 ,i said no?+ to       
prejudice !m4 ,inasmu* z ?is (f5ce      
directly t5d$ to take away t f\ndation  
on :i* real morality c alone be safely  
bas$1 ,i told !m :at ,i feel1 t )\t     
religion !re is no morality4 ,i         
recomm5d$ t t f\ndation may be made by  
e>ly education & habits ( ?\ght1 b 9 s  

do+ ,i did n mean to prejudge1 nor d ,i 
seem to h be5 consid]$ z do+ s1 ,i am n 
go+ to lay d[n z law t no man has a "r  
to ent]ta9 op9ions oppos$ to ! religion 
( ! /ate1 nor to express !m4 ,man is    
only responsible = 8 op9ions to ,god1   
because ,god only c judge ( 8 motives1 &
 we arrogate 8 duties if we judge ( m5's
 s5tim5ts4 ,if m5 w ent]ta9 s5tim5ts    
oppos$ to ! religion ( ! /ate we require
 t !y %all express !m rev]5tly1 &       
philosoph]s :o h discuss$ ?is subject   
all agree t ?is is "r ,mr4 ,ar*deacon   
,paley has /at$ ?is 9 language s pla91  
f> bett] ?an any words ,i c\ld supply   
myself4 ',s]i\s argum5ts are fair on all
 sides4 ,*ri/ianity is b ill-def5d$ by  
refus+ audi5ce or tol]ation to !        
objections ( unbeliev]s4 ,b :il/ we w\ld
 h fre$om ( inquiry re/ra9$ by no laws b
 ^? ( dec5cy1 we are entitl$ to dem&1 on
 behalf ( a religion :i* holds =? to    
mank9d assurances ( immortality1 t its  
cr$it be assail$ by no o!r weapons ?an  
^? ( sob] discussion & legitimate       

reason+4' ,our law has adopt$ t z its   
rule1 & m5 are n p]mitt$ to make use (  
indec5t language 9 ref]5ce to ,god & !  
,*ri/ian religion1 )\t r5d]+ !mselves   
liable to puni%m5t4 ,y h _h a great     
numb] ( books read to y1 argu+ :e!r x 0 
politic to prosecute 9 su* cases4 ,"o ( 
! s5tim5ts 0 a dignit>y's reply1 ',i w  
answ] x4' ,t po9ts out ! diff]5ce 9 ^!  
cases4  ,sob] argum5t y may answ]1 b    
indec5t revil+ y _c1 & !re=e ! law /eps 
9 & puni%es x4 ,y h be5 told y h to     
consid] :at is blasphemy4 ,he ask$ !    
witness :at he consid]$ blasphemy1 & he 
gave him a v s5sible answ]4 ,:at y h to 
try is1 :e!r ! def5dant wick$ly &       
devis$ly did int5d to br+ ! ,*ri/ian    
religion into contempt among ! p1 by    
utt]+ words ( & conc]n+ ,almighty ,god1 
! holy ,scriptures1 & ! ,*ri/ian        
religion4 ,! *>ge is1 t he utt]$ ^!     
words ) ! int5tion ( br++ ,almighty     
,god1 ! ,*ri/ian religion1 & ! holy     
,scriptures1 into contempt4 ,y are n    
call$ ^u to say :e!r 9 y\r judgm5t !    

op9ions ( ! def5dant are "r or          
wrong--:e!r x is "r or wrong t words l  
^! %\ld be puni%$1 b :e!r he utt]$ ^!   
words ) ! int5t *>g$ 9 ! indictm5t4 ,^! 
words 7 prov$ by a witness :o admits t  
o!rs 7 us$1 t !y did n foll[            
consecutively1 & t o!r words 7          
int]sp]s$4 ,x is "r t y %\ld h ! :ole   
set be=e y1 = a man is n to be judg$ =  
:at is p>tly set be=e y1 & !re=e x 0    
necess>y y %\ld h ! :ole ( :at 0 said4  
,! way 9 :i* ! witness relat$ ! /atem5ts
 made by def5dant 0 ?is3 ,he said he _h 
be5 lectur+ on ',home ,colonisation1    
,emigration1 & ,poor-,laws sup]s$$4'    
,aft] ! lecture _h be5 clos$1 "s man ^: 
"n he did n !n "k1 said ! lectur] _h be5
 speak+ ( our duty to our fell[-m51 b he
 _h n spok5 ( our duty to our ,god1 & x 
is important t y %\ld notice t ! words 7
 n ! subject ( ! lecture1 b utt]$ 9     
answ] to a "q put to him4 ,!re is no    
evid5ce t he int5d$ to h said any?+--!re
 is no evid5ce t ?is p]son is a fri5d ( 
! o!r p]son1 or t ?is "q 0 ask$ s z to  

give him an opportunity ( utt]+ ^!      
s5tim5ts199 ,if t _h be5 ! case x w\ld h
 made x worse ?an if he _h introduc$ x4 
,?is *all5ge hav+ be5 made by ?is p]son1
 :oev] x 01 ! def5dant said--',i am ( no
 religion at all2 ,i d n believe 9 su* a
 ?+ z a ,god4' ,!re is no?+ 9 !         
introduction ( ! ^w '?+' to %[ t he     
int5d$ to-treat ! subject ) levity &    
contempt4 ,y might take x t he said he  
did n believe !re is su* a be+ z a ,god4
       99 ,! artifice :i* ,mr4 ,ju/ice  
,ersk9e "h sugge/$ to      ! jury nev]  
ent]$ into my imag9ation4 ,! evid5ce    
c\ld n h giv5 ! jury any su* idea1 & ,i 
0      pa9$ & a/oni%$ to he> ! judge    
employ x4  ,! witness w5t on3 ',he said 
! p ( ?is c\ntry are too poor to h any  
religion1 he w\ld s]ve ! ,deity z !     
gov]nm5t did ! subalt]n (fic]s--place   
him on half-pay2 ,i 0 ne> ! door2 y said
 ! reason 0 ! exp5se ( religion4 ,& !n  
he 0 ask$ z to 8 op9ion ( blasphemy4 ,he
 is !n cross-exam9$ z to 8 k ( "s report
 made by ano!r p]son4 ,y did n lay any  

emphasis on ! ^w ?+2 y said ! ^w 9 !    
ord9>y tone ( voice4' ,!re is some?+ :i*
 def5dant has alleg$ himself to h /at$99
 :i* gives a /rong] /+ ?an t :i* 0 giv5 
by ! witness--',i flee ! ,bible z a     
vip]4' ,! "q is :e!r ^! words 7 utt]$ ) 
! int5tion ( br++ ,god & ! ,*ri/ian     
religion into contempt4 ,!n ! *>ge is   
made out1 = ,i tell y t x is an (f5ce at
 common law4 ,if x is n an (f5ce1 !     
indictm5t is n wor? ! p>*m5t x is writt5
 ^u--if !re is no su* au?ority z t :i*  
,i h laid d[n4 ,any man :o treats )     
contempt ! ,*ri/ian religion1 is guilty 
( an indictable misdemean\r4 ,y h to    
consid] ! language & a passage read to y
 f a *>ge ( a le>n$ judge4 ',x may n be 
go+ too f> to /ate1 t no au?or or prea*]
 is =bidd5 /at+ 8 op9ions s9c]ely4 ,by  
malici\sly is n meant malice aga9/ any  
p>ticul> individual1 b a mis*iev\s      
int5t4 ,?is is ! crit]ion1 & x is a fair
 crit]ion1 if x c be collect$ f !       
(f5sive levity 9 :i* ! subject is       
treat$1 if ! matt] plac$ 9 ! indictm5t  

conta9s any su* t5d5cy4' ,if ! words _h 
appe>$ 9 ! c\rse ( a writt5 pap] y w\ld 
h ent]ta9$ no d\bt t ! p]son :o _h utt]$
 ^! words _h utt]$ !m ) levity4 ,! only 
?+ 9 8 fav\r is1 t x 0 n a writt5 answ]4
 ,! solution giv5 by ! def5dant is1 t   
al?\gh 8 op9ions are unhappily su* t he 
has no belief 9 a ,god1 he _h no        
int5tion ( br++ religion into contempt4 
,he w5t on to /ate t he consid]$ x !    
duty ( ! cl]gym5 ( ! e/abli%m5t to h    
r$uc$ _! incomes "o-half4 ,if he _h     
meant ?is1 he ought to h made use ( o!r 
language4 ,y w dismiss f y\r m9ds all   
/atem5ts 9 newspap]s1 or o!r /atem5ts   
made out ( c\rt1 & consid] x 9 ref]5ce  
to ! evid5ce4 ,if y are conv9c$ t he    
utt]$ x ) levity1 = ! purpose ( treat+ )
 contempt ! maje/y ( ,almighty ,god he  
is guilty ( ! (f5ce4 ,if y ?9k he made  
use ( ^! words 9 ! heat ( argum5t )\t   
any su* int5t1 y w give him ! b5efit ( !
 d\bt4 ,if y are conv9c$ t he did x ) t 
object y mu/ f9d him guilty1 despite (  
all t has be5 address$ to y4 ,if y      

ent]ta9 a reasonable d\bt ( 8 int5tion1 
y w give him ! b5efit ( x4       99 ,9 !
 report ( my orig9al spee* to ,maitl&1  
:i* ,i      read to ! c\rt f ! ,oracle4 
,! jury1 aft] a v brief delib]ation1    
return$ a v]dict ( ,guilty4  ,"o ( !    
jury 0 a ,dei/1 a pr(ess$ fri5d ( free  
spee*1 & :o _h said t he nev] c\ld      
convict me1 b he want$ c\rage :5 ! h\r (
 ! v]dict came1 & gave 9 aga9/ me4 ,=   
myself1 ,i nev] = a mom5t expect$ an    
acquittal4 ,dur+ ! few mom5ts ( ! jury's
 consultation1 ,i took my wat* f my neck
 & gave x1 ) my keys1 to my fri5d1 ,mr4 
,knight ,hunt4 ,my pap]s ,i consign$ to 
my fri5d ,mr4 ,w4 ,b4 ,smi?1 z = all ,i 
knew !y might ! next mom5t become !     
prop]ty ( ! c\rt by virtue ( ! s5t5ce4  
,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e4 ,george ,jacob    
,holyoake1 if y _h be5 convict$ z !     
au?or ( t pap] :i* ,adams has be5       
convict$ ( publi%+1 my s5t5ce mu/ h be5 
v sev]e4 ,b1 al?\gh ! "n is ! same1 !re 
is no evid5ce ( x499 ,y h be5 convict$ (
 utt]+ language1 & al?\gh yom h be5     

adduc+ long argum5ts to %[ ! impolicy ( 
^! prosecutions1 y are convict$ ( hav+  
utt]$ ^! words ) improp] levity4 ,! arm 
( ! law is n /ret*$ out to protect ! "* 
( ! ,almighty2 we d n assume to be !    
protectors ( our ,god1 b to protect ! p 
f su* indec5t language4 ,& if ^! words  
_h be5 writt5 = delib]ate circulation1  
,i %\ld h pass$ on y a sev]] s5t5ce4 ,y 
utt]$ !m 9 consequ5ce ( a "q--,i h no   
evid5ce t ?is "q 0 put to draw out ^!   
words4 ,proce$+ on ! evid5ce t has be5  
giv51 tru/+ t ^! words h be5 utt]$ 9 !  
heat ( ! mom5t1 ,i %all ?9k x suffici5t 
to s5t5ce y to be imprison$ 9 ! ,common 
,gaol = ,six cal5d> mon?s4       99 ,?is
 is ano!r ( ^? unw>rant$ suppositions 9 
:i*      ! judge ought n to h indulg$4  
',t pap]' 0      writt5 by my fri5d ,mr4
 ,*ilton1 ,editor ( ! ,oracle 9 my      
abs5ce1 & sign$ ) 8 initials4 ,! judge  
might h      kn[n t ,i 0 9 ,gl\ce/]     
,gaol :5 x 0 writt5 &      publi%$4 ,i  
%\ld h /opp$ ! judge & correct$         
him1 b ,i fe>$ by seem+ to sep>ate      

myself f ,adams1      to be ?\ght       
capable ( sav+ myself at 8 exp5se1 or   
expos+ him to new rig\r4  ,mr4          
,holyoake4 ,my "l1 am ,i to be class$ ) 
?ieves & felons8  ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ersk9e4 
,no2 ?ieves & felons are s5t5c$ to !    
,p5it5ti>y1 y to ! ,common ,gaol4  ,!   
c\rt adj\rn$ at t5 o'clock4   ,:at 0    
advanc$ by ! c\nsel & ! judge has be5   
r5d]$ 9 full 9 ! =ego+ report1 b ,i h   
cont5t$ myself ) an ab/ract ( :at ,i    
urg$ myself4 ,! ,times said ,i quot$ f m
 ?an ?irty au?ors1 :i* is v likely2 b x 
0 n because ,i 0 n s5sible ( ! good ta/e
 ( brevity t ,i occupi$ ! b5* s long4 ,i
 0 /&+ t day 9 c\rt f\rte5 h\rs1 &1     
includ+ ! cross exam9ations1 ,i 0 speak+
 m ?an elev5 h\rs4 ,i prep>$ notes to   
la/ me two days2 & aft] ! fir/ six h\rs1
 my voice1 usually %rill & weak1 became 
full & some:at sonor\s4 ,i c\ld h spok5 
all night1 & ,i %\ld h done x _h ! judge
 attempt$ to put me d[n4 ,b ,i will+ly  
ackn[l$ge t1 on ! :ole1 ! conduct ( !   
judge 0 fair to me1 & pati5t to a degree

 t inspir$ me ) great respect = !       
dignity ( ! b5*1 & ,i d$icat$ my ',%ort 
& ,easy ,me?od ) ! ,sa9ts' to ,mr4      
,ju/ice ,ersk9e1 z an actual expression 
( my respect4 ,! gov]nor ( ! gaol "o day
 said to me1 t ,i ought n to regret six 
mon?s' imprisonm5t aft] occupy+ ! c\rt &
 public s _m h\rs4 ,i did n regret x4   
,inde$1 ,i m des]v$ ! s5t5ce = ! l5g? ( 
my def5ce ?an = ! words = :i* ,i 0      
indict$4 ,b x 0 ! m5ace ( ! magi/rates  
7be=e rec\nt$7 t ,i %\ld n be he>d1 t   
did me ! h>m1 & expos$ me to !          
imputation ( want+ good s5se1 :i* is a  
worse imputation ?an t ( want+ or?odoxy4
 ,?is came ( inexp]i5ce 9 imprisonm5t4  
,! m5aces ( magi/rates w n s mislead me 
ano!r "t4  ,:5 ,i n[ read ! notices ( ^!
 proce$+s :i* ,i furni%$ to ! ,oracle at
 ! "t1 ,i smile at ! juv5ility ( comm5t 
9 :i* ,i indulg$4 ,:5 simil>ly-word$    
reports rea* me = ! ,reason]1 my        
practice is to extract ! simple         
facts--&1 ( c\rse1 ! writ]s remon/rate )
 me2 b h[ grateful %\ld ,i be n[ if "s  

"o _h done ! same by me !n4 ,! pr9ciple 
on :i* we proce$$ ) our ,oracle 0 t e   
man %\ld express himself 9 8 own words &
 9 8 own way1 & we ?\ght x a crime aga9/
 fre$om to di/+ui% betwe5 weak comm5t & 
! report ( ess5tial facts1 or !         
expression ( vital pr9ciple4 ,! report (
 ! proce$+s r5d]$ 9 ^! pages is giv5 9  
"s measure ^u ! rule ( discrim9ation :i*
 ,i h describ$4 ,b1 9 ?is1 ,i h be5     
imp>tial to o!rs1 & h omitt$ _m ?+s on !
 "p ( my oppon5ts :i* ,i believe !y w\ld
 n repeat1 & :i* ,i1 !re=e1 h no wi% to 
p]petuate4 ,! rema9+ v>iations betwe5   
?is report & t :i* =m]ly appe>$ w be    
f\nd to be p>tly on ! side ( great]     
accuracy 9 "s respects1 & m fulness 9   
o!rs4 ,! orig9al report pres5t$ mo/ ( ! 
quotations1 call+ !m a /r+ ( pe>ls1 b   
left 9 a v unravell$ /ate ! /r+ :i* ti$ 
!m--& h5ce !y read l abrupt             
int]polations4 ,i h n[ giv5 ! connect+  
obs]vations1 ! _s ( ! extracts1 &1 9    
cases :]e ! extracts h n s9ce t "t gr[n 
famili> to ! public e>1 ,i h giv5 !m    

also4  ,! influ5ce ( my def5ce ^u !     
public at ,gl\ce/] & ,*elt5ham1 not)/&+ 
! difficulties "u :i* ,i lab\r$1 0 9 my 
fav\r beyond my expectation4 ,!         
newspap]s /at$ t ! c\rt & jury 7        
att5tive ?r\gh\t1 & ! numb]s :o ?rong$ !
 c\rt behav$ 9 ! mo/ decor\s mann]1     
te/ify+ _! int]e/ 9 ! proce$+s by a     
uni=m sil5ce1 manife/+ nei!r approbation
 nor disapprobation4' ,sev]al newspap]s 
gave n9e or t5 columns ( ! proce$+s1 :i*
 0 valuable propag&ism4 ,& x is due to !
 ,*elt5ham ,exam9] 7^: p>allel betwe5 me
 & ,francis ! read] w n h =gott571 to   
/ate t x gave an effective r5d]+ ( my   
def5ce1 & add$ ^! comp5satory words to  
its report3--',! def5dant spoke ?r\gh\t 
9 a temp]ate mann]1 & 8 def5ce appe>$ to
 tell 9 8 fav\r1 s f> z reg>d$ ! hone/y 
( 8 motives4'  ,let me say "h t my      
grateful ackn[l$gm5ts are due to !      
editor ( ! ,*elt5ham ,free ,press4 ,t   
pap] report$ :atev] conc]n$ my lib]ty1  
my consci5ce1 or my "*4 ,x risk$ mu* 9  
def5d+1 alone among its local           

contempor>ies1 ! fre$om ( spee* violat$ 
9 my p]son4 ,x op5$ its columns to      
,goodwyn ,b>mby's proclamations1 to     
,ca!r9e ,b>mby's lett]s1 to ,ri*>d      
,c>lile's def5ces1 & to ! num]\s        
communications ( my fri5ds on my behalf4
  ,my ackn[l$gm5ts are also due to !    
,weekly ,dispat*4 ,on my visit+ ,london 
',publicola1' !n ,capta9 ,williams1     
invit$ me to call ^u him1 & in=m him (  
my position ) respect to ! p5d+ trial2 &
 8 able ,lett]s to ,ju/ice ,erg-k9e1    
aft] my conviction1 produc$ great       
uneas9ess at ! gaol1 & ea* numb] ( !    
,dispat* 0 await$ = "s weeks by !       
au?orities ar\nd me1 z ,i le>n$ f !     
gaol]s1 ) anxiety4  ,my def5ce1 consid]$
 z a def5ce ( ! wide & mom5t\s "q (     
a!ism1 0 crude en\gh4 ,no "o c be m     
s5sible ( t ?an ,i am4 ,on ! moral      
aspects ( a!ism & its relation to public
 polity ,i fe>$ to ent]1 le/ 9 my own   
newness to ! /udy ( s l>ge a subject ,i 
%\ld compromise x by unskilfulness (    
/atem5t2 ,i !re=e conf9$ myself to      

plead+ t ! "r ( public expression 0 !   
sequ5ce ( ! "r ( private judgm5t--t ! "r
 ( expression 0 consonant to ! common   
law z well z to reason1 & t ! "r (      
expression be+ necess>y to private      
morality1 x c\ld n be incompatible ) !  
public peace4    ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,aft]  
,,! ,,s5t5ce  ,z soon z ! s5t5ce 0      
pron\nc$1 ,i 0 tak5 to ! ceils "u !     
c\rt4 ,capta9 ,mason1 ! gov]nor1 said   
!re 0 ano!r prison] to g d[n besides me 
& ,adams4 ,x 0 a case ( felony4 ,he said
 ',w\ld ,i g ) him8' i repli$ ',i w\ld  
n4' ,he !n ask$ if ,i 'object$ to g )   
,adams4' ,t ,i *e]fully agre$ to1 &1    
h&cuff$ ) ,adams1 ,i walk$ d[n to !     
gaol4 ,hav+ tak5 no?+ s9ce morn+ b a    
little raspb]ry v9eg>1 ) :i* ,mr4       
,c>lile suppli$ me1 ,i began to feel    
weak1 b no?+ 0 (f]$ me except a little  
w>m wat]1 = :i* ,i ask$1 & ?is1 ) a v   
h>d & bitt] apple1 con/itut$ my supp]4  
,! transition f ! excitem5t ( ! c\rt to 
! d>kness & coolness ( ! night-cell1    
made me feel z if go+ into a well1 & my 

supp] n s]v+ to compose me1 ,i cont9u$  
re/less till ! morn+4  ,next day ,i felt
 s weak t ,i c\ld sc>cely /& upright4   
,ab\t twelve o'clock ,mr4 ,bransby      
,coop] & ! ,rev4 ,samuel ,jones came    
r\nd4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,coop] saw me1 he said1  
',:y1 ,holyoake1 ,i did n "k y ye/]day4'
  ',:y1 sir8'  ',y did n seem to be !   
same p]son y 7 be=e4'  ',9 :at respect 0
 ,i diff]5t8'  ',be=e y 7 s g5tle &     
submissive1 b ye/]day !re 0 s mu*       
hauteur ab\t y4'  ,i answ]$1 ',"h ,i _h 
to endure y\r au?ority2 9 c\rt ,i _h to 
def5d my "* & lib]ty4 ,x 0 my turn      
ye/]day1 x is y\rs aga9 to-day4'  ,ab\t 
! middle ( ! fir/ day's imprisonm5t ,i 0
 />tl$ by ! sonor\s voice ( ! /reet     
cry]1 pass+ ne> ! walls ( ! gaol1 cry+ )
 a l\d voice--',h[itt's correct li/ (   
all ! ca/1 quit1 & condemn$2' &         
specify+1 ) m>k$ emphasis1 f> above t   
be/[$ on two cases ( wilful murd]1 !    
case ( ,george ,jacob ,holyoake1 = utt]+
 c]ta9 ,blasphem\s words aga9/ ,god1 & (
 & conc]n+ ! ,*ri/ian ,religion4' ,!    

above words & specification are to be   
f\nd 9 ! said ',correct ,li/1' :i* a    
turnkey b\ght = me at my reque/1 & :i*  
,i /ill h4 ,on ! second morn+ aft] my   
s5t5ce1 ,i 0 sitt+ by ! 7v little7 fire 
9 ! common room1 contemplat+1 ) v       
critical air1 a c ( some:at indiff]5t   
gruel1 :i* ,i _h n ! slighte/           
disposition to eat1 :5 ! pray] bell     
rung1 :i* did n at all improve my temp]4
 ,:]e ! gaol 0 situat$1 ,i enjoy$ su* a 
prop9quity to dock bells1 bas9 bells1   
ca!dral bells1 & gaol bells1 t _h ,i be5
 incl9$ to rebel1 x w\ld h *im$ 9 ) !   
o!rs4 ,^u ! a=esaid pray] bell r++1 all 
my fell[-prison]s made a rapid escape4  
,i c\ld n tell :at _h become ( !m4 ,ov] 
my head 0 a l>ge grat+1 = ! conv5i5ce ( 
gaol]s ov]look+ ! room4 ,d[n ?is grat+  
!re came a trem5d\s voice1 %\t+         
',holyoake6 ,holyoake6 ,holyoake6' ,!   
voice belong$ to ,ogd51 a man :om       
,c>lyle w\ld h delight$ to hon\r4       
,nature made him = a gaol]4 ,look+ up1  
,i said ',:at d y want8'  ',did y n he> 

t bell8'  ',yes1' ,i said2 ':at ( t8'   
',all ! o!r prison]s are gone to        
pray]s4'  ',well1 let ! poor devils g1  
if !y l x4'  ',i c't be talk$ to 9 ?is  
way1' he ro>$ out1 9 8 surlie/ tones2 'y
 mu/ g4'  ',i am afraid t is a mi/ake ( 
y\rs4'  ',don't y "k :]e y are8'  ',yes2
 ,i'm 9 ,gl\ce/] ,gaol1 sitt+ ov] a c ( 
v bad gruel4'  ',don't y "k y are a     
prison]8' ',oh6 yes2 ,i am q s5sible (  
x4'  ',well1 y mu/ d z ! o!rs d1 & y mu/
 g to pray]s4'  ',!n y mu/ c>ry me4'    
',i'll report y to ! cl]gyman4'  ',give 
! cl]gyman my complim5ts1 & say ,i'm n  
com+ to pray]s4'  ,he /alk$ away ) ! air
 ( "o ^: dignity 0 greatly outrag$4     
,dur+ ! "t ( ?is colloquy pray]s 7      
susp5d$1 & ! cl]gyman 0 wait+ my arrival
 9 ord] to beg94 ,z soon z pray]s 7 well
 ov]1 an ord] came = me--',! cl]gyman   
want$ me4'  ',well1 ,mr4 ,holyoake1' he 
said1 :5 ,i met him1 'h[ is x y did n   
come to pray]s8'  ,i answ]$1 ',y _c     
expect me to come to pray]s2 y imprison 
me "h on ! gr\nd t ,i d n believe 9 a   

,god1 & !n y w\ld take me to *apel to   
pray to "o4 ,i _c prev5t y\r imprison+  
me1 b ,i c prev5t y\r mak+ me a         
hypocrite1 & mu/4'  ',b if y att5d$ !   
ord9ances ( grace1 x might lead y to    
believe 9 ! ,*ri/ian religion4'  ',i    
%\ld be v sorry = t4'  ',really me--h[ c
 y say s1 sir8'  ',because ,i %\ld be v 
sorry to treat ^? :o diff] f me z y     
treat me4'  ',y d n und]/& u4 ,x is n y 
we p]secute--x is y\r op9ions4'  ',!n ,i
 wi% y w\ld imprison my op9ions1 & n    
me4' ,"h he turn$ to refre% himself by  
look+ at ! rules = ! regulation (       
prison]s 9 ,gl\ce/] gaol4 ,he           
resum$--',b y mu/ att5d pray]s--x's !   
rule ( ! gaol4' ',i mu/ d :at ,i mu/ d1 
,i "k2 b1 if ,i d t1 ,i mu/ be c>ri$    
into *apel e morn+1 & t w n edify !     
rema9d] ( y\r congregation4 ,:at c ,i d 
if ,i g8 ,i c\ld n say1 ,o ,"l1 ,i h    
err$ & /ray$ l a lo/ %eep4 ,y see yond] 
grat+s8 ,i'm n likely to err & /ray1 = !
 next six mon?s1 beyond ^? b>s4' ',ah6 t
 is n :at we mean4'  ',!n :at d y mean8 

,c ,i jo9 ) ^? m5 9 say+1 ,o ,"l1 :o ha?
 giv5 u grace ) "o accord to make our   
common supplications unto !e1 :5 ,i %all
 make no supplications1 unless ,i am =c$
 to x8 ,y "k ! prison]s only g because !
 turnkey is beh9d !m8' ,!n ,i %[$ him ! 
passage1 ',we h done ^? ?+s :i* we ought
 n to h done1' c1 & ask$ him :at ,i _h  
done1 or _h ! *ance ( do+1 wrong1 s9ce  
,i came !re8 ,at ?is he 0 puzzl$ a      
little1 & he at la/ answ]$--  ',ah6 b we
 ?9k !re is a div9e influ5ce 9 pray]1   
:i* might op]ate ^u y4'  ',n 9 ?is      
place1' ,i answ]$1 ':]e x is s mu*      
contradict$ by y\r practice4 ,i w agree 
to ?is1 t :5 on ,sundays y prea*1 & ,i  
may he> some?+ new1 ,i w come4'  ,he    
end$ ! colloquy aft] a v ,*ri/ian mann]1
 by say+1 ',well1 if y don't come to    
pray]s1 y %all be lock$ up4'  ,i answ]$1
 ',well1 sir1 give y\r ord]s4' ,i ne$   
sc>cely say ?is 0 done1 9 "o =m or o!r1 
to ! end ( my imprisonm5t4 ,sometimes ,i
 0 lock$ 9 my sleep+ cell1 b g5]ally 9 !
 day room2 b ,i f\nd x m agreeable ?an !

 litany1 & ,i nev] ask$ = any alt]ation4
 ,i w5t to *apel only on ,sunday 7!     
prea*+ day71 b nev] to ! week-day       
pray]s4  ,(f5sive regulations 7 (t5     
s\ght to be appli$ to me4 ,"o 0 an      
attempt to make me we> ! prison dress4  
,i said ,i pref]r$ my own clo!s4 ,!     
answ] 01 ! rules 7 imp]ative1 & !y mu/  
en=ce !m4 ,i inquir$ :e!r !y _h any sp>e
 "t on _! h&s1 = x w\ld be necess>y to  
dress me e morn+4 ,my answ] 0 report$ to
 ! magi/rates1 & ,i he>d no m ( !       
project4  ,out ( doors mu* is said aga9/
 passive resi/ance1 b 9 prison x is !   
only resi/ance possible1 & is (t5 v     
effective1 ,if y speak or act1 y are at 
! m]cy ( ^? 9 ^: p[] y are4 ,take any   
aggressive /ep & y\r gaol] knocks y d[n1
 or locks y up 9 a mom5t4 ,b if y simply
 w n d a ?+1 if )\t blu/] or bravado y  
leave x to !m to make y d x1 or to d x  
!mselves1 !y (t5 f9d x ( r awkw>d       
accompli%m5t4 ,to c>ry me to pray]s or  
to dress me e morn+ 0 f> m (f5sive &    
tr\blesome to !m ?an break+ my head1 s  

!y left me alone4  ,old ,mr4 ,jones1 !  
magi/rate1 paid me frequ5t visits4 ,"o  
day he took me to ! door1 & po9t+       
upw>ds1 ask$1 'did ,i n see !re pro(s   
suffici5t ( ! exi/5ce ( a ,god8' ,i     
answ]$1 t ':5 ! b\ndless expanse ( !    
skies _h be5 be=e me ,i _h be5 unable to
 ?9k s1 & n[ ! few squ>e feet1 :i* !    
high walls ( ! gaol p]mitt$ me to see1 7
 /ill less likely to inspire me ) t     
conviction4'  ,a little reflection ought
 to h %[n ^! g5tlem51 :o made ^! appeals
 to me1 t ! "t & place 7 bo? inauspici\s
 9 :i* to address to me su*             
int]rogatories4 ,inde$ x 0 (f5sive1 & on
 m ?an "o occasion ,i told !m1 t hav+   
und]tak5 to compel my acquiesc5ce ) !m  
by imprisonm5t1 ,i c\ld nev] dive/      
myself ( ! conviction t x 0 sup]flu\s to
 pret5d to w9 me by argum5t4  ,! la/    
visit ,mr4 ,jones paid 0 to read me a   
psalm4 ,z on my trial ,i _h compla9$ ( !
 disc\rtesy ( _! call+ me a fool1 ! old 
man 0 p>ticul>ly anxi\s to ju/ify       
himself4 ,he f\nd :at seem$ to him a    

fav\rable opportunity 9 ! circum/ance t 
a ,g]man s*ol> _h at ?is "t publi%$ a   
new translation ( ! ,psalms ( ,david4 ,z
 ,i _h spok5 fav\rably ( ,g]man         
!ologians1 he conclud$ t ?is "o w\ld h  
weight ) me4 ,he br\ght d[n ! book1     
summon$ ! :ole class ( prison]s1 & we   
/ood twelve or eighte5 9 a r[4          
,proclaim+ att5tion1 he said he wi%$ to 
read to u1 & p>ticul>ly to me1 ! #ad?   
,psalm4 ,read+ al\d ! fir/ v]se :]e     
,david obs]ves '! fool ha? said 9 8 he>t
 !re is no ,god1' ,mr4 ,jones said1     
',n[1 ,holyoake1 y compla9$ t we call$ y
 a fool--y see ,david says y are a      
fool4' ,! old man look$ r\nd ) an air ( 
triumph1 :i* 0 consid]ably mod]at$ :5 ,i
 g5tly b di/9ctly obs]v$ t ',i no m lik$
 rud5ess 9 ! m\? ( ,david ?an 9 ! m\? ( 
a magi/rate4' ,my fell[-prison]s glanc$ 
ar\nd 9 con/]nation at my audacity1 &   
expect$ to he> me ord]$ into ! d>k cell1
 b old ,mr4 ,jones turn$ r\nd1 %ut up 8 
book1 & walk$ away )\t say+ a ^w1 & ,i  
nev] saw him aft]w>ds4  ,! next day ,i  

wrote to ! ,bo>d ( ,magi/rates to say t 
'if visit+ magi/rates cont9u$ to "q me  
be=e o!r prison]s1 :]e ! discipl9e ( !  
gaol =bade adequate reply1 ,i %\ld      
refuse to answ]4' ,9 future ,i 0 always 
call$ out by myself & spok5 ) alone4    
,be=e my trial ! same ,mr4 ,jones told  
me t my fri5d1 ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,c>lile1 _h  
di$ 9 ,london a v horrible dea?1 recant+
 all 8 pr9ciples be=e he expir$1 & urg$ 
me to take w>n+ by 8 example & d ! same4
 ,%ortly aft] ,mr4 ,jones 0 surpris$ to 
meet ,mr4 ,c>lile 9 ! corridor ( ! gaol 
br++ me refre%m5ts1 :i* 8 exp]i5ce      
assur$ him ,i ne$$4 ,& x 0 n ! lea/ "p (
 my pride on ! day ( my trial t he sat  
ne> me f morn+ till night1 enc\rag+ me  
by 8 pres5ce1 & assi/+ me by 8 wisdom4  
,aft] my conviction he v9dicat$ me      
assidu\sly ?r\gh ! press1 address$ to me
 public lett]s1 & wrote to ,ju/ice      
,ersk9e & ,sir ,rob]t ,peel1 ?reat5+ to 
r5ew 8 =m] w> aga9/ ! ,*ur* if my       
situation 0 n ameliorat$--a v curi\s    
species ( recantation x mu/ be confess$1

 b a fair sample ( ! usual dea?-b$      
'sc5es' :i* ! pulpits relate4  ,my      
company z a prison] 0 n ( a v agreeable 
k9d1 ,i _h to li/5 to recitals (        
depravity su* z ,i nev] he>d be=e1 & d n
 wi% to he> aga94 ,b ?is 0 n all4       
,sometimes a companion 0 fil?y z well z 
wick$4 ,"o man s5t 9 among u _h ! it*1 &
 be=e ,i f\nd x out he _h held me by !  
wri/s 9 "s accid5tal wre/le--:i*        
mis=tune might h subject$ me to a ta/e (
 prison discipl9e :i* few w be able to  
imag9e4  ,:5 ! surgeon f9ds t a prison] 
has ?is disease he makes no rem>k1 b    
%ortly aft]1 ! man is call$ out by !    
turnkey1 :om he has to foll[ ?r\gh v>i\s
 corridors to remote cells at ! top ( ! 
gaol1 ne> ! gall[s4 ,^u ent]+ "o1 he is 
told to take (f 8 clo!s4 ,z soon z he is
 9 a /ate ( nudity1 8 clo!s are tak5    
away1 & lock$ up4 ,he is !n %[n a cask  
fill$ ) brim/one1 grease1 & o!r mixture1
 ( ! consi/5ce ( pit*1 & q z (f5sive to 
! sight4 ,) ?is he is made to sme> 8    
entire p]son ov]2 :5 ?is is done1 he is 

left lock$ up 9 ! place4 ,all he f9ds   
ab\t him is a b$ on :i* are two         
blankets1 9 :i* hundr$s1 sme>$ z he is1 
h la9 be=e4 ,:5 no long] able to endure 
! cold1 he may lie 9 ?is place4 ,?ick & 
*illy1 ^! disgu/+ cov]+s adju/ !mselves 
to ! body :5 s(t5$ by ! w>m?1 :]e1 )\t  
caution1 ! liquid w run into ! eyes & ! 
m\?4 ,"h he rema9s "s days & eats !     
uncut food :i* is br\ght to him z well z
 he c ) 8 fil?y f+]s4  ,su* is !        
description ( a process ( cure 7z ,i    
ga!r$ f sev]al ^: exp]i5ce ,i he>d      
n>rat$71 to :i* ,i might h be5 subject$1
 if1 :5 ,i discov]$ pu/ules on my wri/s 
simil> to ^? on ! infect$ man1 ,i _h n  
kept f ! obs]vation ( ! surgeon :ile !y 
rema9$4 ,my habit ( daily ablution1 & "s
 m$ic9e ,i procur$1 sav$ me f m ?an     
tempor>y discom=t4 ,i ne$ sc>cely add1 t
 _h su* a cure be5 attempt$ on me1 ,i   
%\ld h _h to be c>ri$ to ! place1 & !   
application mu/ h be5 effect$ by =ce4   
,aft] "s weeks' imprisonm5t1 & :5 ,i _h 
_h suffici5t opportunity ( notic+ !     

disposition ( ! au?orities1 & e/imat+ ! 
treatm5t to :i* ,i 0 to be subject$1 ,i 
address$ ! foll[+1 slightly abridg$--   
,memorial ( ,george ,jacob ,holyoake1   
prison] = ,blasphemy99 ,9 ,gl\ce/]      
,c\nty ,gaol1 to ,sir ,james ,graham1 h]
 ,maje/y's ,secret>y ( ,/ate4           
,sir1--,at ! rec5t ,gl\ce/] ,assizes y\r
 memoriali/ 0 s5t5c$ by ,mr4 ,ju/ice    
,ersk9e to six mon?s' imprisonm5t = !   
alleg$ (f5ce ( blasphemy4  ,s9ce t p]iod
 he has be5 conf9$ 9 ! common gaol & f$ 
on convict gruel1 bread1 rice1 &        
potatoes4 ,x is true y\r memoriali/ is  
all[$ ! privilege ( pur*as+1 to "s      
ext5t1 bett] food1 b 8 imprisonm5t r5d]s
 ?is privilege valueless1 )\t !         
assi/ance ( fri5ds1 ^u :om are ! claims 
( 8 family left dep5d5t by 8            
inc>c]ation4  ,"u ^! circum/ances y\r   
memoriali/ appli$ to ! surgeon ( ! gaol 
= o!r diet2 by ! surgeon he 0 ref]r$ to 
! gov]nor2 by ! gov]nor to ! visit+     
magi/rates1 & by ! visit+ magi/rates    
back to e surgeon1 :o subsequ5tly has   

recomm5d$1 ?\gh n prescrib$1 bett] diet3
 b f ! recomm5dation ( x1 y\r memoriali/
 concludes t 9 t g5tleman's op9ion x is 
necess>y4 ,two o!r surgeons :om y\r     
memoriali/ consult$ on ent]+ 8 prison   
w>n$ him t a g5]\s diet 0 absolutely    
requisite1 & ! decay ( y\r memoriali/'s 
heal? is a te/imony ( its tru?4  ,he    
prays = o!r regulations ?an ^? "u :i* he
 sees visitors4 ,!y h always to /&1     
sometimes to talk ?r\gh ! b>s ( a gate1 
& are p]mitt$ to /ay b a few m9utes4 ,z 
y\r memoriali/ is f> f 8 fri5ds1 ^!     
rules cont9ually prev5t him see+ !m1 &  
receiv+ ^? att5tions to 8 wants he      
o!rwise w\ld4  ,he wi%es p]mission to   
rema9 up 9 an ev5+ until ! h\r ( !      
debtors' retir+ 7#i o'clock71 or at lea/
 to be all[$ ! use ( a light 9 8 cell1 9
 :i* he is conf9$ f twelve to f\rte5    
h\rs1 & dur+ ! w9t] he w be s %ut up    
sixte5 h\rs & a half4 ,?us mu* "t w be  
lo/ y\r memoriali/ c\ld employ ^u a     
little ma!matical speculation49999 :i*  
w\ld af=d him ! gratification (         

contribut+ himself to ! support ( 8     
family4       99 ,i always said         
',prison] = ,blasphemy' 9 all my        
communications1 & direct$ my fri5ds s to
 address me1 to      :i* ! magi/rates   
object$4 ,b if ,i 0 to be writt5      to
 at a gaol1 ,i pref]r$ to be kn[n z a   
prison] =      op9ion r ?an z a prison] 
= crime4       9999 ,m5tion$ to prev5t !
 supposition on ! "p ( ,sir      ,james 
t ! "t w\ld be employ$ 9 writ+          
blasphemy1      :i* w\ld be fatal to !  
application4  ,z e newspap] s5t y\r     
memoriali/ is reta9$ by ! gov]nor1 y\r  
memoriali/ prays ! lib]ty ( read+ !m4   
,! visit+ magi/rates h said !y %\ld h no
 objection to grant :at y\r memoriali/  
asks1 _h !y ! p[]2 & h5ce he prays !    
ex]cise ( y\r au?ority on 8 behalf4  ,z 
cu/om atta*es little weight to ! op9ion 
( a prison]1 x becomes n y\r memoriali/ 
to speak ( 8 own case1 b tru/s he may ) 
propriety ref] to x z "o 9 :i* he       
believes w be f\nd little t is          
aggravat$4 ,s$uc$ 9 ! w>m? ( debate to  

express 8 hone/ op9ion on a religi\s "q1
 "y & inexp]i5c$1 he took n !           
hypocrite's croon$ pa?1 nor !           
dissembl]'s hidd5 way1 b unw>ily utt]$  
language dis+5u\sness w\ld h conceal$ or
 art h poli%$1 & became 9 consequ5ce !  
ready victim ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,crim9al )\t
 int5tion1 puni%m5t br+s ) x no         
consci\sness or guilt1 & h5ce t :i* 9   
o!r circum/ances w\ld be light1 is1 9 81
 a bitt] infliction4  ,george ,jacob    
,holyoake4   ,sir ,james gave me        
p]mission to rema9 up till #i o'clock   
aft] ,i _h be5 ?ree mon?s 9 prison4 ,b =
 ! concession x requir$ an ef=t to be   
grateful1 = x 0 a p]mission to rema9 up 
)\t fire & )\t light4 ,= unless ,i c\ld 
pay = fire & light1 ,i _h to g )\t4     
,:e!r ,sir ,james ,graham int5d$ ?is1 ,i
 h no means ( kn[+2 he probably expect$ 
t ! magi/rates w\ld n int]pret 8 ord] z 
a privilege to sit up 9 ! cold & 9 !    
d>k1 :i* w\ld be a great] puni%m5t ?an  
go+ to b$4 ,b !y did put ?is con/ruction
 ^u x4 ,z ,sir ,james did n m5tion fire 

& light1 !y refus$ to supply !m4        
,ma!matical /udies 7 impossible1 = !    
au?orities also refus$ to all[ me my    
in/rum5ts1 le/ ,i %\ld commit suicide ) 
!m2 b ,i _h provid$ = t1 z e man %\ld :o
 goes to gaol4 ,!re 0 j wid? en\gh 9 my 
cell to admit ( ! heavy iron b$-frame   
be+ rais$ on "o end4 ,by m>k+ a circle  
r\nd "o ( ! legs1 :i* ,i did ) a fragm5t
 ( /one1 ,i det]m9$ ! place on :i* ! leg
 w\ld fall :5 ! frame 0 pull$ d[n4 ,my  
head once plac$ on t spot1 ! great      
weight ( ! frame w\ld h s5t ! n>r[ leg  
?r\gh ! bra91 & dea? mu/ h be5          
in/antane\s4 ,i am no fri5d ( suicide1 &
 _h a ?\s& reasons = liv+2 b ,i _h n be5
 long 9 gaol be=e ,i saw _m ?+s to :i*  
none b ! degrad$ or ! weak w\ld         
submit--& le/ !y %\ld come to my turn1  
,i provid$ aga9/ !m4  ,ab\t ?is "t an   
ev5t occurr$ 9 my family :i* conv]t$ my 
imprisonm5t into an unexpect$ bitt]ness4
 ,aga9/ t 'love abroad :i* means spite  
7or indiff]5ce7 at home1' ,i e>ly set my
 face4 ,betwe5 me & ,eleanor1 my wife1  

!re always exi/$ an und]/&+ z to ! risks
 ,i ran 9 my free speak+4 ,:atev]       
consequ5ces fell ^u my own head alone1  
,i _h myself only to please 9 incurr+3 b
 ^? :i* affect$ o!rs1 ,i _h no "r to    
invoke1 )\t _! cons5t--& ?is cons5t ,i  
always s\ght f my wife1 9 any special   
case :i* arose4 ,at our m>riage1        
,eleanor v well und]/ood t my life      
some:at resembl$ a soldi]'s1 & t x w\ld 
(t5 include duties & dang]s n compatible
 ) p]5nial fireside com=t ,nor did %e   
object to ?is1 & ,i h _h ! sweet =tune  
always to be left to d :atev] ,i %\ld h 
done1 _h ,i be5 s+le & *ildless4 ,on my 
say+1 on ! imprisonm5t ( ,mr4 ,s\?well1 
fir/ editor ( ! ,oracle1 t x 0 my duty  
to take 8 place1 ,eleanor repli$--',d   
:at x seems y\r duty to d1 & ,i & !     
*ildr5 w take c>e ( ourselves z well z  
we c4 ,:5 !y gr[ up1 ,i tru/ !y w       
contemplate ) little satisfaction any   
advantage !y might h enjoy$ at ! exp5se 
( _! fa!r's duty4 ,we c leave !m no     
ri*es1 b we may at lea/ leave !m a good 

example1 & an unsoil$ "n4'  ,x 0 !re=e t
 :5 ,i came to leave home1 to g to my   
trial1 all 0 calm & *e]ful z usual1 ?\gh
 !re 0 mu* ar\nd to sugge/ unev5 ?\ghts4
 ,on t day no "o came to accompany me or
 to sp5d an h\r ( solace ) ^? f :om ,i  
p>t$4 ,_h !re be5 a s+le fri5d pres5t to
 h made up ! appe>ance ( society aft] ,i
 0 gone1 ! lonel9ess w\ld h be5 less    
bitt]4 ,z ,i left ! h\se ,i he>d t cry  
break =? :i* _h be5 suppress$ t x might 
n sadd5 my dep>ture4 ,be=e ,i _h proce$$
 f> up ,w9dsor ,/reet1 ,a%t$1 ,i 0      
arre/$ by ,madel9e's silv]y voice call+ 
'good bye1 dada1' & turn+ r\nd ,i saw h]
 l>ge bright1 black eyes 7:i* e body    
prais$7 pe]+ l two />s r\nd ! l9tel ( ! 
door4 ,i am glad ,i did n !n "k t ,i    
%\ld nev] he> t voice aga91 nor see ^?  
bright eyes any m4 ,to turn ! att5tion (
 mank9d 9 an a!i/ical direction may d   
h>m to "s4 ,! propagation ( all new     
views does h>m1 m or less4 ,z 9         
comm]cial speculations mu* capital is   
sunk be=e any returns come 91 s 9 !     

improvem5t ( ! p1 y sacrifice "s old    
feel+ :i* is good1 be=e ! new op9ion1   
:i* is bett]1 c be creat$4 ,b all ! new 
op9ions ,i h at any "t imbib$ h nev]    
produc$ s mu* h>m 9 me z ! prud5tial    
doctr9es ( ,political ,economy4 ,!      
doctr9e t x is disreputable 9 ! poor to 
h *ildr51 is salut>y1 no d\bt--b x      
requires to be en=c$ "u limitation4 ,to 
reg>d ! exi/5ce ( y\r little ones z an  
exp5se1 & ! g5tle love ( *ildr5 z a     
luxury 9 :i* y _c indulge )\t reproa*1  
is to s\r life1 dry up affection1 &     
blight ^? ^: t5d] ye>s %\ld be pass$ 9 a
 p]petual smile ( joy4 ,to look into !  
face ( y\r *ild & feel t ! h& ( dea?1   
:i* %all hu% t g5tle voice1 pale ^? rosy
 *eeks1 & qu5* ^? animat$ eyes--is a    
political bless+1 is horrible4 ,i look  
back ) mute t]ror on ! day :5 ,i 0 "u ! 
influ5ce ( ^? feel+s4 ,i _c dwell ^u x4 
,i w\ld burn all ! books ( ,political   
,economy ,i ev] read 7& ,i ?9k x !      
sci5ce ( _m bless+s7 if ,i c\ld feel    
once m on my knee ! g5tle h& ( my *ild f

 :om ,i p>t$ t day1 too /oical to %$ a  
te>4  ,aft] a few weeks ( my imprisonm5t
 _h pass$ away1 h9t--words came (       
,madel9e's fail+ heal?4 ,out ( "s money 
s5t by my private fri5ds1 ,john ,f[l] & 
,paul ,rodg]s1 ( ,%efield1 to buy bett] 
food ?an ! gaol af=d$1 ,i sav$ a gu9ea &
 s5t x to ,birm+ham to pur*ase ,madel9e 
a w9t] cloak--x 0 sp5t 9 buy+ h] a c(f94
 ,?\gh ( p]fect heal? & agility1 %e 0 "o
 ( ^? *ildr5 :o require entire          
pres]vation f exposure1 want1 or        
fatigue4 ,on t5 %ill+s p] week1 :i* 0   
all t ! ,anti-,p]secution ,union c\ld   
provide1 ?is c\ld n be done1 z ,evel9e1 
!n 9 arms1 left h] "m no opportunity (  
increas+ t small income4 ,cold succe$$  
cold1 :5 want ( m means caus$ !m all to 
g to live 9 a h\se ill v5tilat$1 & :]e  
sev]al 7 ill ( fev]1 :i* soon attack$   
,madel9e4  ,mr4 ,*ilton s5t me sev]al   
intimations to prep>e = ! wor/1 %\ld x  
happ54 ,b ,i c\ld n believe 9 ! wor/    
happ5+1 & inde$ ,i _h yet to realise :at
 ! wor/ impli$4 ,at l5g? "o morn+ !     

heavy corridor door grat$ on its h>%    
h+es1 & ! morose turnkey--fit mess5g] ( 
mis]y--put a lett] into my h&4 ,z x _h  
be51 z usual1 brok5 op5--= !re is no    
feel+1 n ev5 t ( affection & dea?1      
respect$ 9 a gaol--,ogd5 knew its       
cont5ts1 & 9 ju/ice to him ,i mu/ say he
 endeav\r$1 z well z "o ^: ability lay 9
 8 moros5ess c\ld1 to speak a ^w (      
apology & sympa?y4 ,! /rang5ess &       
awkw>dness ( ! attempt drew my att5tion 
to ! fatal black bord]1 :i* gave me     
s5sations su* z ,i nev] receiv$ be=e &  
nev] %all aga91 = ! fir/ dea? ( "o de>  
to y1 l t ( ! fir/ love1 br+s ) x a     
feel+ :i* is nev] repeat$4 ,i rememb] t 
"s prison] came & cov]$ me ) a coat1 =  
,i _h walk$ into ! y>d )\t "o4 ,capta9  
,mason & two fri5ds came r\nd1 b ,i c\ld
 n speak to !m4 ,he address$ a few words
 to me1 b ,i turn$ away4  ,!n ,madel9e  
_h di$ ! dea? ( ! poor2 %e _h p]i%$     
among ! p :o "k nei!r hope nor com=t1 a 
pl$ge t ,i %all nev] =sake ^? ) ^: sad  
de/9y "o s de> to me is l9k$4 ,?\gh 9 ! 

dea? ( pov]ty !re is no?+ rem>kable1    
?\gh hundr$s ( *ildr5 are daily kill$ (f
 9 ! same way1 yet p>5ts unus$ to ?is =m
 ( calamity f9d 9 x1 ! fir/ "t1 a       
bitt]ness :i* c nev] be told4 ,! t5     
%ill+s p] week income ( ! family 0 made 
up by small subscriptions by "s :o knew 
me1 & by a few outside :o happ5$ to ?9k 
useful ! c\rse ,i _h tak54 ,"o or two   
fri5ds ^: pr(essions _h be=etime be5    
pr(use1 ,eleanor met4 ,!y 7 cold1 or to 
h] !y seem$ s4 ,%e ?\ght !y fe>$ a      
cont9u$ acqua9tance might lay !m "u "s  
tax to contribute to h] support4 ,?is %e
 c\ld nev] be>4 ,(f]+ h] h& to "o :o did
 n take x1 %e w5t home1 & no?+ induc$ h]
 to subject h]self to su* suspicion any 
m4 ,a quick & endur+ s5se ( indep5d5ce1 
:i* no privation c\ld di/urb1 0 an      
attribute 9 h] "* ,i _h always admir$1 &
 ?is dreadful =m ( its op]ation ,i h    
nev] be5 able to c5sure4 ,! ,roman "m   
put on ! arm\r ( h] son z he w5t out1 & 
saw him br\ght home dead f ! fight )\t  
weakness3 b 9 t case1 ! /rife ( arms1 ! 

glory ( victory1 ! sublimity ( duty1 & !
 applause ( ! s5ate1 7 s _m supports to 
! "m's h]oism2 b h>d] f> is x = a "m to 
b5d ov] h] *ild day by day & night aft] 
night1 & see rel5tless dea? eat l a     
cank] into ! bud ( ! damask *eek (      
beauty1 & be too poor to snat* x f !    
tomb--& ?is ) no trumpet note1 no clang 
( arms to dr[n ! dy+ scream1 no inc5se (
 glory to raise ! s9k+ he>t1 no applause
 ( a g5]\s p to rew>d ! sacrifice--)\t  
"o s\l ne> :o c\ld p5etrate to ! dep? ( 
t desolation1 & utt] ^? words ( sympa?y 
:i* is all :i* humanity c d to soo! 9 ! 
face ( dea?4 ,!re 7 inde$ ^? ne> :o     
might h done s1 b "s c\ld n compreh5d   
?is grief1 & o!rs1 = reasons (          
,political ,economy1 'did n see ! good (
 regret' at a *ild dy+1 & !y w le>n f ^!
 pages = ! fir/ "t t ^! w\nds exi/$ :i*1
 aft] eight ye>s1 are /ill fre%4  ,!re  
are home/eads t h witness$ de$s ,t      
battle fields1 ) all _! bann]$ pomp1 ,h 
little to comp>e )4 ,life's great play  
,may1 s x h an actor great en\gh1 ,be   

well p]=m$ ^u a humble /age4  ',my      
dada's com+ to see me1' ,madel9e        
exclaim$ on ! night ( h] dea?1 ) t full1
 pure1 & ?rill+ tone :i* m>k$ h] :5 9   
heal?4 ',i am sure he is com+ to night1 
mama1' & !n rememb]+ t t c\ld n be1 %e  
said 'write to him1 mama1 he w come to  
see me2' & ^! 7 ! la/ words %e utt]$--& 
all t rema9s n[ is ! memory ( t *e]less1
 tireless room1 & ! midnight rev]b]ation
 ( t voice :i* ,i w\ld give a new _w to 
he> aga94  ,= h] fa!r1 he 0 debat+ 9    
incoh]5ce ! va9 proposition z to :e!r he
 c\ld prevail on ! ,gov]nor to let him g
 home = "o night to smoo? & wat* ov] t  
dy+ pill[1 & he w\ld *e]fully &         
gratefully h expiat$ ! privilege by six 
or twelve mon?s' additional imprisonm5t4
  ,o lib]ty6 :om ! nations welcome )    
triumphant %\ts1 ,:om all to :om ! _w   
owes its progress h wor%ipp$--ov] h[ _m 
graves ha/ ?\ walk$6 ,ris+ ) ! morn+'s  
dawn1 mak+ all p radiant ) ?y pres5ce1 !
 poet ?rills z ?y *>iot is borne on !   
t>n's gold5 beams1 & he hails !e z a    

goddess1 & blesses !e z a bride1 & s+s (
 ?y triumphs & b5efactions6 ,b ^? :o    
s]ve !e--:o make _! lives a sad & des]t 
wa/e t ?y pa?way ?r\gh ! _w may be      
unob/ruct$--:o kneel to !e 9 _!         
dungeon-*ur*es & p\r out ! inc5se (     
life's "y w>m blood at gibbet-alt>s3 !y 
"k !e by ?y gory g>m5ts dripp+ ) ! blood
 ( ! fa!r & ! te> ( ! orphan1 & !       
desolation :i* prec$es ?y progress4 ,!  
an!ms ( ?y m>* are holl[ voices f       
,sib]ia's m9es1 & ,v9ceanes' cells--!   
wail ( wom5 "u ! ,russian kn\t1 ! groans
 ( ,kon>ski & ! :i/le ( bullets :i* slay
 ! ,b&i]a & ,blum--?y trophies are !    
fre% graves ( ,hung>y & ,rome1 ?y ?rone 
is on a hecatomb ( e>?'s noble/ & brave/
 sons4 ,yet art ?\ /ill sacr$ 9 ! eyes (
 man4 ,que5 ( ,g5ius & ,progress6 emblem
 ( t suff]+ ?r\gh :i* ,humanity is      
purifi$ & develop$6 ,?\ ha/ trodd5 on ! 
grave ( my *ild1 & ,i wor%ip !n /ill1   
al?\gh ?\ may/ yet tread on my own4     
,yes1 ?\gh ,i nei!r hope--= t w\ld be   
presumptu\s--nor expect x1 see+ no      

f\ndation1 ,i %all be pleas$ to f9d a   
life aft] ?is4 ,n a life :]e ^? are     
puni%$ :o 7 unable to believe )\t       
evid5ce1 & unwill+ to act 9 spite (     
reason--= ! prospect ( annihilation is  
pleasant] & m pr(itable to contemplate3 
n a life :]e an easy fai? is reg>d$ z   
'easy virtue' is reg>d$ among "s m5--b a
 life :]e ^? we h lov$ & lo/ "h are     
re/or$ to u aga9--= !re1 9 t ,hall :]e  
^? may meet :o h be5 sacrific$ 9 ! cause
 ( duty--:]e no gross1 or bl9d1 or      
selfi%1 or cruel nature m+les1 :]e none 
sit b ^? :om human s]vice & endurance h 
purifi$ & entitl$ to t high company1    
,madel9e w be a ,hebe4 ,yes1 a future   
life1 br++ ) x ! admission to su*       
companion%ip1 w\ld be a noble joy to    
contemplate4 ,b ,*ri/ianity has no su*  
dream z ?is4  ,on mak+ arrangem5ts = !  
burial1 at ! ,birm+ham ,cemet]y1 ! cl]k 
ask$ :e!r !y %\ld provide a ,m9i/]1 or  
:e!r ! fri5ds ( ! deceas$ w\ld d s8 ,!  
answ] 0--',a m9i/] 0 n desir$4 ',!n ,i  
presume1' ! cl]k obs]v$1 'y mean t y w  

provide "o y\rselves8' ,! answ] aga9 01 
'we d n require "o at all4 ,please s5d !
 beadle m]ely4'  ,on ! day ( ! int]m5t !
 beadle att5d$ z reque/$4 ,he 0 in/ruct$
 to conduct ! burial p>ty direct to !   
grave2 & n into ! *apel1 :i* he did )\t 
rem>k3 & :5 ! c(f91 pla9 b pretty1 )\t  
t9sel or angels1 0 l[]$1 ea* ?rew a     
b\quet ( fl[]s 91 & :5 ! grave 0 made up
 !y return$ home4 ,?us ,madel9e 0 buri$1
 z became h] innoc5ce & h] fate1 )\t    
p>ade1 )\t prie/1 or prie/ly c]emony4   
,_h hesitation be5 display$1 or previ\s 
inquiries be5 made z to :e!r :at 0 done 
c\ld h be5 p]mitt$1 no "q b t a prie/   
w\ld h be5 inflict$1 z at ! grave (     
,c>lile & o!rs--= ,*ri/ianity1 always   
(fici\s & rude to ! diss5ti5t1 is nev] m
 s ?an :5 opposition is p>alys$ by agony
 on ! b$ ( dea?1 or hu%$ 9 spee*less    
sadness by ! side ( ! grave4  ,z x w\ld 
only be pa9ful to ,mrs4 ,holyoake1 ,i   
nev] wi%$ h] to visit me2 b aft] ! dea? 
( ,madel9e %e desir$ x1 & %e br\ght     
little ',evel9e' 7a "n giv5 to h] 9 lieu

 ( h] own because ( its simil>ity to    
,madel9e47 ,on ?is occasion ,mr4        
,bransby ,coop] s5t to say t !          
magi/rates' ,committee-room1 an elegant 
& *e]ful ap>tm5t1 %\ld be at my s]vice1 
at ,mrs4 ,holyoake's visit4 ,mr4 ,coop] 
0 ! fir/ ( ! magi/rates to s5d a message
 ( condol5ce on ! dea? ( ,madel9e1 & 9  
?is in/ance 8 k9dness 0 delicate &      
g5]\s4 ,z on ! day ,mrs4 ,holyoake came 
! magi/rates happ5$ to hold a meet+ 9 x1
 an apology 0 s5t me1 & ! ,lodge plac$  
at my s]vice4 ,no turnkey 0 s5t 91 & ,i 
0 p]mitt$ to see my fri5ds ) an air (   
p]fect fre$om4 ,my si/] ,c>ol9e1 :o 0 "o
 ( ! p>ty1 br\ght me a pres5t ( w9e &   
cig>s4 ,z bo? 7 =bidd5 by ! rules ( !   
gaol1 ,i decl9$ to t\* !m4 ,z ,i 0 tru/$
 )\t re/ra9t1 ,i 0 d\bly anxi\s to      
respect a lib]ty s g5]\sly conc$$4 ,_h  
!y set a wat* ov] me1 ,i %\ld h _h less 
scruple1 & p]haps h ?\ght x a m]it to   
defeat _! suspicions4  ,capta9 ,mason1 !
 gov]nor1 0 a /udy--a type ( ! g5tleman1
 (ficial1 & conv5tional1 ^: qualities 7 

in/ructive4 ,bl&1 imp]turbable1 civil1 &
 firm1 he 0 nev] weak & nev] rude4      
,among ! un$ucat$1 all decisive action  
is ann\nc$ 9 commotion or blu/]4 ,!     
g5tleman is nev] 9 a hurry1 nev] 9 a    
cont5tion4 ,if y annoy him1 are rude to 
him1 impose ^u him1 or m5ace him1 p]haps
 he quietly indicates 8 op9ion ( !      
impropriety1 p]haps 8 resolution is tak5
 )\t4 ,he avoids y4 ,8 def5ce is        
prev5tion4 ,r5ewal ( (f5ce1 r5ewal (    
int]c\rse1 *ance ( alt]cation or        
repetition1 is simply impossible4 ,su* 0
 ,capta9 ,mason4 ,i wat*$ 8 mann]s )    
pleasure--he gov]n$ ! gaol l a draw+    
room1 except+ t ! dess]ts 7 n q ! same4 
,i saw rude m5 baffl$1 !y c\ld n make   
out h[4 ,possibly he _h n]ves &         
s5sibility1 b ^! articles 7 n 9 common  
use4 ,!y 7 kept "u lock & key1 & nev]   
br\ght out 9 ! r\t9e ( (ficial duties4  
,z bl&ly & c\rte\sly z he wi%$ me good  
morn+1 he w\ld h conduct$ me to !       
gall[s1 _h in/ruction to t effect rea*$ 
him4 ,he w\ld h apologis$ = !           

inconv5i5ce1 b he w\ld h hung me :ile ,i
 0 say+ 'pray don't m5tion x4'  ,except+
 9 "o transaction our int]c\rse 0       
unruffl$4 ,:5 ,i _h left ! gaol1 a      
prison] 7! ,ma/] ( a ,po/ ,(fice7 ! only
 g5tleman on my side ( ! prison1        
address$ to me a lett] ( accusation     
aga9/ ! gov]nor--an act :i* made me a   
p>ticipator 9 8 s5tim5ts4 ,z x pass$    
?r\gh ! gov]nor's h&s1 he wrote "u ! "n 
! crime & s5t5ce ( ! writ]--a brief &   
bitt] retort4 ,i re5clos$ ! lett] to !  
writ] ) a note to ,capta9 ,mason1 obs]v+
 t on leav+ ! gaol ,i _h express$ to him
 ! only op9ion ,i ent]ta9$ ( him1 & ,i  
%\ld reg>d x z unmanly to be a p>ty to  
reproa*es :i* ,i did n see reason to    
address to him 9 p]son4 ,he wrote me    
back1 ) a soldi]'s hon\rable frankness1 
t ',i _h always behav$ hon\rably 9 my   
int]c\rse ) him1 & he did n believe ,i  
w\ld d an unmanly ?+4'  ,! exceptional  
transaction ) ! ,capta9 ref]r$ to 0 ?is4
 ,"o ( my fell[-prison]s 0 an epileptic 
man1 ^: ignorance & irritability1 m ?an 

any crime1 _h l$ to 8 imprisonm5t4 ,z ,i
 kept a sort ( s*ool 9 our common room1 
& taught a few ?+s to ^? ab\t me :o 7   
dispos$ to le>n1 ,i _h become int]e/$ 9 
,upton1 a humble & unhappy man1 :o le>n$
 at gramm> anxi\sly4 ,"s nights he w\ld 
fall out ( b$ 9 an epileptic fit1 & lie 
groan+ on ! /one floor = an h\r or m    
toge!r4 ,x 0 9 va9 t we %\t$ to !       
turnkeys4 ,!y :o c he> a man ?9k (      
escap+1 _c he> :5 he breaks 8 neck4     
,upton repres5t+ t a little tobacco1 to 
:i* he _h be5 accu/om$1 w\ld save him f 
! frequ5cy ( ^! fits1 ,i procur$ him "s4
 ,smok+ x "o day 9 a corn]1 9 a pap]    
pipe made = ! purpose out ( "o ( my     
lett]s1 ! gov]nor came ^u him ?r\gh a   
side door4 ,^u be+ ask$ h[ he procur$ x1
 he answ]$1 ',f a man :o _h j come 9 f !
 ,sessions4' ,?is ! gov]nor did n       
believe4 ,at night ,ogd5 made an imm5se 
spee* at me1 9 :i* t lum9\s function>y  
ins]t$ sev]al elephant9e h9ts1 to !     
effect t he knew ! s\rce :5ce ! a=esaid 
tobacco came4 ,x 0 a treat to he> ,ogd5 

h9t2 x 0 l a hippopotamus putt+ 8 paw   
out1 or kick+ a man d[n /airs4 ,z soon z
 ,i c\ld get to speak to ,upton1 ,i     
prevail$ ^u him to all[ me to write to !
 gov]nor1 tell him ! tru?1 & take !     
blame ^u myself1 rem9d+ ,upton t a good 
man might be surpris$ into a lie1 b only
 a bad man w\ld p]si/ 9 "o4 ,!          
retaliation ( ! gov]nor 0 ref9$ &       
v9dictive4 ,in/ead ( ord]+ me into a d>k
 cell on bread & wat] = two or ?ree     
days1 :i* 0 ! au?oris$ puni%m5t1 he     
ord]$ two gates to be lock$ betwe5 me & 
my visitors1 s t ^? :o spoke 7 oblig$ to
 %\t to me4 ,?is he cont9u$1 ) slight   
v>iation1 to ! end ( my imprisonm5t4    
,?is depriv$ me ( ! pleasure ( see+     
ladies :o call$1 z ,i w\ld nev] cons5t  
to see !m "u circum/ances ( s mu*       
humiliation4  ,capta9 ,mason _h _h      
previ\s pro( t my pr(essions might be   
tru/$4 ,:5 fir/ imprison$1 ! read]      
p]haps rememb]s ,i 0 kept 7?\gh on my   
way home aft] a j\rney7 a =tnight :ile !
 magi/rates play$ at bail4 ,:5 at l5g?  

!y signifi$ _! int5tion ( accept+ x1    
,capta9 ,mason took me1 ?r\gh ! city1 to
 ,bransby ,coop]'s h\se1 :]e ! bail-de$ 
0 to be complet$4 ,on our way ,i ask$   
him if x w\ld be necess>y = me to take  
an oa?1 be=e my own bond c\ld be        
accept$1 z ,i %\ld object to take an    
oa?8 ,he turn$ r\nd & repli$--',:y1     
,holyoake1 z y don't believe 9 any ( !  
,gods1 y c\ld h no objection to swe> by 
!m all4' ,i expla9$ to him t if !       
,magi/rate w\ld reg>d my oa? z a m]e    
c]emony1 by :i* ,i r5d]$ myself liable  
to p5alties 9 case ( violat$ tru? or    
failure 9 my bond1 ,i w\ld take ! oa?   
readily1 if all ! ,gods ( ! ,pan!on 7 9 
x3 b if x 7 reg>d$ z a pr(ession ( my   
religi\s fai?1 ,i w\ld n take x4 ,x 0   
bett] t ,i %\ld g back to gaol1 ?an to  
make a pr(ession ( belief :i* w\ld      
mislead o!rs4 ,i told ,mr4 ,coop] ! same
 :5 we rea*$ 8 h\se4 ,he1 h[ev]1 said my
 signature w\ld d4  ,"o day ,i conclud$ 
a dialogue ) my *apla9 ^u ! pr9ciple (  
reciprocation1 i4 e4 ( retort+ 8        

language ^u himself1 &1 ,i ?9k1 n )\t   
utility1 = he nev] aft]w>ds fell into t 
ins5sible arrogance ( spee* s common    
among pa/ors4 ,on ! occasion ref]r$ to1 
he began--',are y really an a!i/1 ,mr4  
,holyoake8' ',really ,i am4'  ',y d5y t 
!re is a ,god8'  ',no2 ,i d5y t !re is  
suffici5t reason to believe t !re is    
"o4'  ',i am v glad to f9d t y h n !    
tem]ity to say t !re is no ,god4'  ',&  
,i am v sorry to f9d t y h ! tem]ity to 
say !re is "o4 ,if x be absurd 9 me to  
d5y :at ,i _c demon/rate1 is x n improp]
 = y to av]t s dogmatically :at y _c    
prove8'  ',!n :]e w\ld y leave ! "q (   
a!ism8'  ',j :]e x leaves u bo?4 ',x is 
a "q ( probability4' ',ah6 !            
probabilities 9 fav\r ( a!ism are v     
few4'  ',h[ "k y t8 ,did y ev] exam9e ! 
"q )\t prejudice1 or read t writt5 9 its
 fav\r )\t fe>8 ,^? :o d>e n look at all
 nev] see f>4'  ',b if ! a!i/ has s mu* 
on 8 side1 :y does he n make x kn[n8 ,we
 d n keep back our evid5ces4'  ',has !  
a!i/ an equal opportunity ) y8 ,is x    

g5]\s 9 y to taunt him ) lack ( evid5ce1
 :5 y are prep>$ to puni% its           
production8'  ',! reason is t y\r       
pr9ciples are s horrible2 z ,rob]t ,hall
 has said1 ',a!ism is a bloody & f]oci\s
 sy/em4'  ',p]mit me1 sir1 to return t  
g5tle spee*--to tell y t y\r pr9ciples  
are horrible1 & t ,*ri/ianity is a      
bloody & f]oci\s sy/em4'  ',really ,i am
 %ock$ to he> y speak s dreadfully (    
,*ri/ianity4'  ',:y %\ld y be %ock$ to  
he> :at y are n %ock$ to say8'  ',b     
a!ism is s revolt+4' ',b ,*ri/ianity is 
s revolt+4'  ',h[ dang]\s is x = a!ism  
to corrupt ! m9ds ( *ildr54' ',h[       
p]nici\s is x = ,*ri/ian doctr9es to    
corrupt ! ?\ghts ( infancy4'  ',b y are 
only ass]t+4'  ',are y do+ o!rwise8 ,i  
sometimes ?9k t ,*ri/ians w\ld be m     
respectful 9 _! spee* if ! same language
 c\ld be appli$ to !m ) impunity :i* !y 
apply to o!rs4'  ',b1 my de> sir1 !     
language ( ! a!i/ is s %ock+ to ,*ri/ian
 feel+4'  ',&1 my de> sir1 has x nev]   
occurr$ to y t ! language ( ! ,*ri/ian  

is %ock+ to a!i/ical feel+8'  ',a!i/s h 
a "r to _! op9ions1 ,i all[1 b n to     
publi% !m4'  ',i %all ?9k y speak       
reasonably :5 y p]mit ! same rule to be 
appli$ to ! ,*ri/ian4'  ',b y really _c 
be an a!i/8'  ',& y say ?is :o h be5 a  
p>ty to imprison+ me "h = be+ "o6 ,if y 
believe y\rself1 g & dem& my lib]ation4'
  ',ah6 :5 y come to die y w wi% t y 7 a
 ,*ri/ian4'  ',c x be t ,i %all wi% to  
hold a cre$ t ,i di/ru/--"o t leads me  
to d5y ano!r ! lib]ty ,i claim = myself8
 ,if to be capable ( look+ back )       
satisfaction on conduct l ?is is to be a
 ,*ri/ian1 may ,i nev] die ! dea? ( !   
righte\s1 & may my la/ end nev] be l 84'
  ,z ! g5]al treatm5t pursu$ t[>ds me   
did n "w an satisfactory conv]sion1 "s  
attempts 7 made by g5tl] means4 ,tak5 "o
 day into a sleep+ cell = privacy1 "o :o
 _h ! p[] to fulfil 8 promises pass$ 9  
review ! casualties ( a life l m9e1 &   
ask$ :e!r ,i _h n bett] *ange x4 ,?9k+  
,i 0 s$uc$ by "s attraction :i* belong$ 
to my position1 he sugge/$ h[ fickle a  

?+ 0 popul>ity1 & h[ soon ! applause (  
fri5ds might die away1 or *ange ) ! gr[?
 or ref9em5t ( my conviction1 into      
suspicion or ev5 hate4 ,_h ,i n bett]   
accept ! editor%ip ( a pap]1 :]e ,i %\ld
 n be requir$ to contradict1 b m]ely to 
avoid advocat+ my views8 ,_h ,i n bett] 
accept a s*ool 9 a retir$ "p ( !        
c\ntry---a girls' s*ool also might be   
giv5 to ,mrs4 ,holyoake1 & our jo9t     
incomes w\ld ensure compet5ce1          
respectability1 & usefulness8 ,i answ]$1
 ',i ?9k y h mi/ak5 me4 ,! op9ions ,i   
def5d$ are also my convictions2 & ?9k+  
!m useful1 x seems my duty to propagate 
!m1 & ! dis*>ge ( ?is duty is m s]i\s 9 
my eyes ?an y suppose2 nor d !          
inducem5ts y picture exi/4 ,d y n see t 
,i am ne>ly fri5dless8 ,i am )\t ev5 !  
att5tions ( ^? f :om ,i h "s "r to      
expect x4 ,except ,mr4 ,f>n1 ,mr4       
,watts1 & ,mr4 ,campbell1 none ( my     
colleagues among ! ,social ,mission>ies 
h writt5 me a fri5dly ^w4 ,! editor ( ! 
,new ,moral ,_w1 ^u ^: protection ,i h  

"s claim1 has writt5 no ^w 9 my fav\r4  
,! only public def5ce = :i* ,i am       
indebt$ has come f /range pap]s1 &      
unkn[n m54 ,ev5 ,mr4 ,ow51 ! advocacy ( 
^: op9ions involv$ me 9 ?is prosecution1
 he :o occupi$ ! l>ge/ %>e ( my         
v5]ation1 has n ev5 recognis$ my exi/5ce
 by a s+le l9e4 ,?is affair may h made  
"s noise1 b ,i am n s "y z to mi/ake    
noise = popul>ity1 nor s weak z to ?9k  
popul>ity ! "o ?+ ne$ful4 ,popul>ity1 is
 to be won by ^? :o c flatt] ! public1 b
 t e/imation :i* is alone wor? hav+ is  
only to be won by ! s]vice ( ! p1 & t is
 n ! "w ( y\? b ( life4 ,t :i* y call my
 cause is yet 9 an infant9e /ate4 ,x has
 no attractions b ! rude ones ( d>+ &   
tru?4 ,x requires to be dive/$ (        
antagonism1 & develop$ 9 its relations  
to political & social int]e/s & p]sonal 
"*4 ,?is mu/ be ! "w ( "t1 & judg+ f !  
pres5t1 x w be a "w ( difficult &       
prec>i\s ef=t4 ,at pres5t we numb] no   
public fri5ds ( weal? or influ5ce4 ,we h
 e ?+ to ga9--yet ! comp>ative afflu5ce 

y (f] w\ld be a cank] to my peace1 :ile 
x 0 ! price ( duty evad$4 ,my self-*os5 
fai?1 presumptu\s & ?orny1 w be sweet]  
to walk4 ,x is en\gh t y see ,i am n    
misl$ by its attractions4 ,n[ ,i tread  
^! floors ) a pr\d /ep1 & meet y\r eye )
 unbl5*$ br[1 because x is necess>y to  
%[ y t 9 def5ce ( my op9ions ,i feel    
nei!r fe> nor guilt--b :5 ,i walk f ?is 
place into ! wild]ness ( ! _w1 my /eps w
 falt] & my face w pale1 because my pa? 
w lie ov] ! grave ( my *ild4'  ,all ,i  
rememb] f>!r is t my tempt] made a few n
 unfeel+ rem>ks1 & l$ me back 9 sil5ce  
to my usual cell4  ,! f9al ef=ts = my   
conv]sion 7 on ?is wise4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4  
,coop] s5t = me1 a few days be=e my     
lib]ation1 & ask$ me to foll[ him to !  
*apel4 ,arriv$ !re1 he asc5d$ ! pulpit1 
motion+ me to a prison]'s pew )\t ev5   
ask+ me to be seat$4 ,my neck 0 /iff ) a
 sev]e cold1 & ,i 0 z ill able z ill    
dispos$ to be cate*is$4 ,i /ood lean+ on
 ! spikes--n inapt emblems ( su*        
,*ri/ian love z ,i _h !re be5 made      

acqua9t$ )4 ,! good ,*apla9 pray$--,i   
did n move4 ,he look$ at me to cat* my  
eye--,i kept m9e fix$ on ! spikes4 ,he  
address$ me--,i made no sign4 ,he spoke 
"s m9utes--/ill ,i rema9$ motionless4   
,he paus$ & ask$ :at ,i ?\ght ( 8       
repres5tations--,i answ]$ no ^w4 ,he    
seem$ to ?9k he 0 mak+ a fav\rable      
impression4 ,he resum$1 & came to ano!r 
p]oration1 & aga9 bes\ght me to         
answ]--/ill no motion1 no ^w f me4 ,he  
began a ?ird "t1 & t\*$ all s]i\s topics
 :i* he c\ld comm&1 & came aga9 to an   
elaborate p]oration on dea?b$s2 & z ,i  
rema9$ /ill sil5t & immovable1 he said1 
some:at p]plex$ ?is "t1 ',holyoake1     
won't y speak8' ,i !n answ]$ ',n :ile we
 occupy ^! places4 ,d y n prea* to me & 
place me "h :]e prison]s /&8 ,i take ?is
 to be a c]emony1 & n a conv]sation4'   
,he walk$ d[n f 8 pulpit & ask$ me to   
accompany him1 :5 he took me into sev]al
 cells till he f\nd "o w>m$ ) hot air1 &
 ask$ w\ld ,i speak ) him !re on fri5dly
 t]ms8 ,i answ]$1 ') pleasure2' & !re we

 conv]s$ = ! la/ "t4 ,i tr\bl$ him to   
repeat 8 argum5ts1 z ,i w\ld n admit t  
,i _h att5d$ to a ^w4 ,:5 he _h done1 ,i
 briefly assur$ him t my exp]i5ce !re _h
 n creat$ 9 me any desire to be a       
,*ri/ian3 he _h br\ght be=e me no new   
evid5ces1 & z x _h be5 f\nd necess>y to 
en=ce ^? ,i knew be=e by p5al reasons1 !
 op]ation _h r dim9i%$ _! weight 9 my   
e/imation4  ,he pr(ess$ himself anxi\s  
to 'pres5t me ) a ,bible'--a fact :i* ,i
 knew 0 de/9$ to make a figure 9 ! next 
,gaol ,report to ! ,c\nty ,magi/rates2  
,i !re=e resolv$ to h "o wor?           
acceptance1 or n "o at all4 ,:5 he      
br\ght to me ! usual prison copy1 ,i    
respectfully decl9$ x1 ,i said1 a ?9    
copy b\nd 9 calf1 9 pe>l type1 ) m>g9al 
ref]5ces1 w\ld be int]e/+ to me1 b !    
dumpl+-%ap$ book he (f]$1 ,i c\ld nev]  
endure 9 my libr>y4 ,he delib]at$--!    
trade price ( ! ,bible he (f]$ me 0 ab\t
 t5p5ce1 t ,i desid]at$ w\ld co/ him    
half a gu9ea4 ,! reflection 0 fatal4 ,! 
,bible nev] came1 & ! evangelical fact t

 ',! prison] ,george ,jacob ,holyoake 0 
pres5t$ ) a copy ( ! ,holy ,scriptures  
be=e leav+ ! gaol1 :i* x is hop$1 "u !  
,div9e bless+1 w be ! means ( br++ him  
to ! k ( ! tru?'--0 nev] record$4  ,ab\t
 ?is p]iod ,i saw ! magi/rates = ! la/  
"t4 ,!re seem$ to be a full ,bo>d ( !m1 
& ,mr4 ,bransby ,coop] 0 9 ! *air4 ,be=e
 )draw+ ,i address$ ,mr4 ,coop]1 &      
said--',z 9 a %ort "t ,i %all leave ?is 
place1 ,i wi%1 be=e do+ s1 to express to
 y my s5se ( ! k9dness & consid]ation   
%[n me by y :5 ,mrs4 ,holyoake visit$ me
 "h4 ,x is "o ( ! few ?+s ,i %all       
rememb] ) pleasure :5 aga9 at lib]ty4 ,y
 w n1 ,i fe>1 believe 9 ! possibility ( 
"o ( my op9ions feel+ gratitude1 b ,i w 
at lea/ assure y ( x4' ,! answ] he made 
0 a comp5sation = mu* t ,i _h exp]i5c$4 
,9 t l\d voice 9 :i* he usually spoke1  
he exclaim$--',yes1 ,i w say ?is1 t ,i  
believe y1 ,holyoake4 ,i don't believe t
 y c\ld be a hypocrite4'  ,"o day a     
magi/rate1 describ$ to me z ! ,hon4 &   
,rev1 ,&rew ,say]1 s5t me a copy (      

,paley's works1 reque/+ my p>ticul>     
att5tion to 8 ,natural ,!ology4 ',did ,i
 put into y\r h&s1' ,i said1 address+ t 
g5tleman1 'an a!i/ic "w1 y w\ld tell me 
( ! contam9ation y dread2 & may ,i n    
plead ! same risk 9 p]us+ y\r !i/ical   
book8 ,b1 z all 9 ! se>* aft] tru? mu/  
v5ture ?r\gh phases ( error1 ,i %all n  
hesitate to comply ) y\r reque/2 & t y  
may be c]ta9 t ,i d s1 y may1 :5 ,i h   
end$1 put to me any "q ^u ! cont5ts y   
please4' ,x happ5$ t my exam9ation      
result$ 9 my writ+ ',paley ,refut$ 9 8  
,own ,words4' ,:5 ,mr4 ,say] came to ask
 me :at conclusions ,i _h come to on !  
books he _h l5t me1 ,i made ?is answ] to
 him--99 ,sir1 ,i am surpris$ at y\r    
ask+ me ?is "q4 ,does x become y1 a     
cl]gyman & a magi/rate1 to ask me to    
commit crime8'  ',:at d y mean8' he     
inquir$4  ',i mean ?is1' ,i repli$1 't 9
 hav+ puni%$ my la/ expression ( op9ion 
z a crime1 by br++ me "h1 x does n      
become y to put religi\s inquiries to me
 aga94' ,he seem$ conf\nd$2 & on ?is    

occasion ,i %[$ him1 t :ile ,*ri/ianity 
puni%$ z crime ! expression ( diss5ti5t 
op9ions1 ,*ri/ians 7 disqualifi$ f seek+
 ! /ate ( any man's ?\ghts ) respect to 
religion4 ,unless "o volunte]s          
explanations1 ,*ri/ians h pla9ly no "r  
to dem& !m4 ,!y put !mselves out ( !    
pale ( ord9>y privilege4  ,writ+ ',paley
 ,refut$' & ! ',%ort & ,easy ,me?od ) ! 
,sa9ts'--a title sugge/$ by ',leslie's  
,%ort & ,easy ,me?od ) ! ,dei/1' ano!r  
book put into my h&s by !               
au?orities--occupi$ me till ! end ( my  
imprisonm5t4 ,on ! #ae? ( ,febru>y1     
#ahdc1 ,i 0 lib]at$2 & ?ree days aft]   
7hav+ paid visits ( ackn[l$gm5t to my   
fri5ds 9 ,gl\ce/]1 ,*elt5ham1 &         
,worce/]7 ,i rejo9$ 7:at ,i might !n t]m
 ! rema9s (7 my family 9 ,birm+ham4     
,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,aft] ,,! ,,lib]ation    
,on rejo9+ my colleagues ( ! ,oracle (  
,reason1 ,i proce$$ to issue an address 
to our read]s4 ,! sub/ance ( x1 :i* 0 z 
foll[s1 comprises "s additional facts ( 
my prison exp]i5ce3--  ',my ,fri5ds1--,x

 is n[ six mon?s s9ce cut & hack$1 ,i   
fell1 n m]ely 9 ! language ( ! p>able b 
lit]ally1 among ?ieves4 ,( ^? :o caus$ t
 contact1 ,i am afraid ,i mu/ say1 z    
,william ,hutton said ( an unt[>d       
swee!>t--,!re 0 little love betwe5 u at 
fir/1 & heav5 has be5 pleas$ to decrease
 x on a fur!r acqua9tance4 ,*ri/ians    
pr(ess to draw m5 to ,jesus ) cords (   
love1 b 7 x n = _! judici\s =esight 9   
tell+ u t !y axe cords ( love1 few w\ld 
f9d x out4  ',to fri5ds 9 ,gl\ce/]199   
,*elt5ham1 ,birm+ham1 ,london19999 & o!r
 places1 ,i owe _m ?anks = :at has be5  
contribut$ = my support1 & = t ( my     
family1 dur+ my imprisonm5t4       99   
,to ,gl\ce/] two special ackn[l$gm5ts   
are due4 ,fir/      to a "y lady1 !     
niece ( ! ,innkeep]1 9 ^: h\se      ,i  
resid$1 :5 await+ ,trial1 bo? at !      
sessions &      assises4 ,) no o!r k (  
me ?an ^! occasions      af=d$1 & ) no  
prepossession 9 fav\r ( my      op9ions1
 b simply f t g5]\s sympa?y wom5 (t5    
display1 %e frequ5tly br\ght me         

refre%m5ts to ! gaol1      & 0 a m$ium (
 communication ) my fri5ds1 & (t5       
answ]$ inquiries ( my family :i* !      
re/rictions (      ! gaol sometimes     
r5d]$ x impossible = me ev5 to      "k4 
,9 ! romance ( incid5t1 %e aft]w>ds     
became !      wife ( my fri5d ,mr4      
,*ilton4 ,! o!r in/ance 0 t      ( ,mrs4
 ,price1 a woman 9 humble circum/ances1 
:o1 dur+      ! latt] "p ( my           
imprisonm5t1 br\ght me d9n] e           
,sunday4  ,bo? ,mrs4 ,price & h] husb& 7
 utt]ly      unkn[n to me4       9999   
,at ! "t ( ! dea? ( ,madel9e1 ,mrs4     
,ralph ,?omas1      ( ,london1 s5t to   
,mrs4 ,holyoake ,l#c1 subscrib$ by      
h]self      & p]sonal fri5ds4  ,= _!    
att5tions ,i believe no ?anks 7 ask$ &  
none are wi%$4 ,yet ,i am conc]n$ to    
make ackn[l$gm5ts1 because a man always 
values highly ! k9dness he does n       
expect4 ,:5 ! words 7 spok5 :i* l$ to my
 prosecution1 ,i expect$ t ! cauti\s    
w\ld ?9k t ,i _h gone too f>--t ! prud5t
 w\ld ?9k t ,i _h be5 too ra%--t my     

fri5ds w\ld be afraid = me1 & t ! timid 
w\ld be afraid = !mselves4 ,b ,i held ) 
,polydamus1 t       ,to speak 8 ?\ghts  
is e freeman's "r--      ,9 peace & w>1 
9 c\ncil & 9 fight4  ',&1 :at ,i reg>d$ 
z great] ?an my "r1 ,i felt x to be my  
duty4 ,besides1 my hon\r 0 conc]n$4 ,i  
c\ld n desc5d to t dis+5u\sness ,i _h   
(t5 c\nsell$ o!rs to scorn4 ,h5ce1 9 !  
c\rse ,i took1 ,i did n ?9k x necess>y  
to calculate consequ5ces2 a man's true  
conc]n is ) 8 pr9ciples1 & n ) 8 fate4  
,i pret5d$ to no public virtue1 & ,i    
laid claim to no praise--,i did no m ?an
 e man ought to d4 ,t do+ s little has  
be5 s rew>d$ by ! ex]tions ( _m fri5ds =
 my protection1 ,i mu/ be pleas$--b _h  
no?+ be5 done1 ,i tru/ ,i %\ld h f\nd   
pride 9 p5ury & satisfaction "u neglect1
 9 ! reflection t ,i _h dis*>g$ my duty 
& pres]v$ consi/5cy4  ',:5 my memorial  
to ,sir ,james ,graham 0 return$ to !   
magi/rates = _! op9ion1 !y came to me1 &
 ,mr4 ,bransby ,coop] /orm$ out ) great 
viol5ce--,y 7 s5t "h1 sir1 = puni%m5t1 &

 y h no?+ else to expect4 ,i consid] y  
worse ?an ! greate/ felon 9 ! gaol2 y h 
be5 guilty ( ! mo/ atroci\s crime a man 
c possibly commit4 ,i h told ,sir ,james
 ,graham :at y des]ve4 ,i knew t ^!     
magi/rates 7 ,*ri/ians4 ,i 0 told !y 7  
g5tlem51 b ,i ?\ght !m furies499        
99 ,yet su* is ! inconsi/5cy ( !        
,*ri/ian "*      :5 alli$ to a g5]\s    
nature1 t ,mr4 ,bransby ,coop]      :o1 
z a ,*ri/ian1 behav$ ) s mu* rud5ess1 _h
 j      be=e giv5 in/ruction to !       
turnkeys to treat me )      respect1 ) a
 view to save me f less h>%ness f       
o!r (ficials ?an t :i*1 9 o!r moods1 he 
s      pl5tifully inflict$ on me        
himself4  ',! prison diet 0 bread1      
gruel1 & potatoes4 ,on two days 9 ea*   
week boil$ rice 0 sub/itut$ = potatoes2 
& aft] ,i _h be5 9 prison n9e weeks ,i  
01 by ! rules1 all[$ a small portion (  
salt beef on ,?ursdays & ,sundays4 ,z   
?is f>e is deem$ 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire a fam\s 
specific = ! cure ( a!ism1 x may n be   
out ( place to expla9 its virtues4 ,!   

gruel 0 little rem>kable = its delicate 
flav\r & little celebrat$ = its         
nutriti\s qualities1 & kn[n by !        
luxuri\s cognom5 ( skilly4 ,! rice _h a 
blue ca/1 a sal9e ta/e1 & a slimy look4 
,! beef ,i c\ld n (t5 ta/e1 seldom *ew1 
& nev] dige/--,i %\ld say x 0 r lea!r   
mode ?an a la mode4 ,! :ole ( ! food    
c\ld only be tak5 by a pl\ghman's       
appetite1 & only be dige/$ by a         
navigator's /oma*4  ',! indirect        
occasion ( my prosecution 0 ! editor%ip 
( ! ,oracle4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,s\?well 0        
appreh5d$ no ,social ,mission>y came    
=w>d to cont9ue 8 pap]1 al?\gh _m ( !m 7
 bett] qualifi$ to d s ?an myself4      
,socialism _h always atta*$ great       
importance to fre$om ( expression1 &    
,socialism's advocates _h be5 /yl$      
apo/les ( free?\ght4 ,kn[+ ?is1 ,i felt 
t x w\ld be a di%on\rable reflection    
%\ld any "o refuse p]sonally to support 
:at he 0 kn[n publicly to approve4 ,_h  
,mr4 ,flem+ be5 plac$ 9 ,mr4 ,s\?well's 
situation1 & _h he be5 ( op9ion t ,i    

c\ld h def5d$ 8 violat$ lib]ty by tak+ 8
 place1 ,i %\ld h edit$ ! ,new ,moral   
,_w z *e]fully z ,i did ! ,oracle (     
,reason4 ,:5 ,i speak ( fre$om ( spee* &
 lib]ty = all1 ,i "k ( no di/9ction     
betwe5 myself & ^? :o diff] f me--,i see
 ) an equal eye ! ,a!i/ & ! ,*ri/ian1 ! 
viol5t & ! g5tle1 ! dogmatic & ! mode/4 
',t is true ( ,*ri/ianity :i* has be5   
said ( ,ca?olicism1 ,humane individuals 
may express _! abhorr5ce ( ! s5tim5ts ( 
p]secution--bodies ( m51 sections ( !   
*ur* itself1 nay _m ( ! dignit>ies may  
abjure !m1 & prote/ t !y h nev] act$ ^u 
!m1 nor ev] w en=ce !m--yet all ?is w n 
avail to give a disc]n+ man ! smalle/   
security = 8 lib]ty1 8 prop]ty1 or 8    
life2 = z long z ^? intol]ant decrees   
rema9 ^u ! /atute book1 !y c at any "t  
be reviv$4 ,x !re=e behoves ev]yone to  
set a gu>d ov] t lib]ty1 = ! loss ( :i* 
no religion w ev] comp5sate4 ,!         
conviction %\ld be p]man5t t ,*ri/ianity
 is a fe>ful ?+4 ,b bad m5 may laud     
x--mi/ak5 m5 may cont5d t !re is "s good

 9 x--un?9k+ m5 may give curr5cy to its 
t]ms--& weak m5 may connive at its      
delusions1 b we ought to reg>d ) diff]5t
 s5tim5ts a sy/em :i* tramples ^u !     
feel+s ( humanity & ! pr9ciples (       
lib]ty4 ,let u !n secure !              
antidote--free expression ( opposite    
op9ion4 ,%all x be said t we are cont5t 
to we> m5tal fett]s8 ,:5 ,prote/ants1 :o
 d>e nev] ?9k )\t ! ,bible & ,pray]     
,book1 h %ak5 (f ! iron despotism (     
,ca?olicism--:5 ,me?odi/s & ev5 ,rant]s 
h refus$ to submit _! ?\ghts to be cut  
d[n to ! ,procru/ean b$ ( conv5tional   
op9ion--let n ,*ri/ians mock at         
,free?9k+ pusillanimity & d]ide u z     
hold]s ( crav5 pr9ciples4 ,n only =     
ourselves b = o!rs are our ex]tions     
dem&$4 ,:at patrimony has ! poor man b 8
 free ?\ghts8 ,indu/ry w n save him f   
*ill p5ury's grip1 nor virtue f !       
poor-h\se grave--let u !n pres]ve &     
p]fect ! humble inh]itance ( ^? :o h no 
o!r4'99  ,9 prison x is n safe to make  
compla9ts4 ,y are too mu* 9 ! p[] ( ^?  

ar\nd y to escape reprisals ( a s]i\s   
k9d1 b ?is did n det] me f :at ,i       
conceiv$ to be a duty1 & :i* might make 
! future easi] = o!rs :o might foll[ me 
9 ! same way4 ,besides ! endeav\rs ,i _h
 made )9 ! prison1 ) a view to tol]able 
treatm5t1 ,i address$1 on my release1 ! 
foll[+ lett] to ! editor ( ! ,*elt5ham  
,free ,press--  ',mr4 ,editor1--,z      
prisons & prison discipl9e h lately     
occupi$ mu* public att5tion1 ,i am      
induc$ to (f] to y\r notice a little    
rec5t exp]i5ce 9 su* matt]s4 ,:at ,i h  
writt51 ,i int5d$ to h /at$ to a public 
meet+1 b suff]+ f debility1 :i* makes me
 glad to avoid excitem5t1 ,i seek !     
calm] m$ium ( y\r pap]4  ',i speak (    
,gl\ce/] ,c\nty ,gaol4 ,i believe !     
prison inspector is ( op9ion t ! rules (
 t place are h>% & cruel4 ,n[1 %\ld a   
prison] seek a p>tial exemption f _!    
op]ation1 ! process he goes ?r\gh is v  
curi\s4 ,he applies to a turnkey--!     
turnkey answ]s1 my duty is det]m9ate &  
my prov9ce cle>2 ,i _c d x4 ,probably1  

he ref]s ! prison] to ! surgeon4 ,!     
surgeon is se5--he ref]s him to !       
gov]nor1 ! gov]nor ref]s him to ! visit+
 magi/rates--!y reply1 we h no p[] to   
grant ! reque/1 ,sir ,james ,graham only
 c d t4 ,sir ,james ,graham is          
memorialis$1 :o1 z is usual1 answ]s1 ,! 
visit+ magi/rates be/ "k :at is         
prop]--,i only grant :at !y recomm5d4   
,any fur!r application to !m w\ld be    
con/ru$ into a wilful annoyance1 & !    
prison] is =tunate :o c sit d[n l       
,/]ne's happy man--pleas$ he kn[s n :y1 
& cont5t$ he kn[s n :]e=e4 ,( c\rse ,i  
blame no "o1 = !re is no "o to blame1 & 
?is con/itutes ! beauty ( ! sy/em49999  
99 ,revis$ & abridg$ f ! ,oracle4       
9999 ,x seem$ to me useful to make      
applications = :at ,i      want$ 9      
writ+4 ,x prev5t$ mi/akes1 & aft]w>ds   
admitt$ ( pro(4 ,! gov]nor us$ to come  
to me & say1      ',n[1 ,holyoake1 x is 
( no use s5d+ ?is memorial4  ,x is sure 
n to be att5d$ to1 & he w\ld s oblig+ly 
be/[ ^u me ! treasures ( 8 exp]i5ce on !

 futility ( ! c\rse ,i 0 pursu+1 t at   
times x really did seem n only          
useless--b uncivil to p]si/4 ,b ,i us$  
to say1 ',capta9 ,mason1 ,i suppose y   
are "r z to ! result4 ,t makes no       
diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 z to my duty2 y may put
 my memorials 9 ! fire1 if y l1 z soon z
 ,i h writt5 !m2 /ill ,i w make ! prop] 
application to e (fic] & e au?ority1 &  
deliv] !m to y\r c>e1 z 9 duty b\nd4' ,i
 knew ! ,capta9 w\ld n burn !m--,i knew 
m1 ,i knew he d>e n burn !m4 ,i knew1   
also1 t ea* w\ld be duly deliv]$ to !   
prop] p>ty4 ,fur!r ,i knew ?is1 t if 8  
dissuasions _h det]r$ me f s5d+ 9 my    
compla9ts1 t :5 ,i left ! prison !      
au?orities w\ld de/roy e repres5tation  
,i might make1 by say+ ',if !re _h be5  
any?+ wrong ,holyoake w\ld h compla9$1 b
 z he has n done s1 ! aggravation he    
po9ts out c\ld n h exi/$1 or c\ld n h   
be5 griev\s4' ,=esee+ ?is ,i provid$    
aga9/ x1 & disreg>d+ ! refusal ( my     
applications1 ,i address$ !m all r\nd ) 
scrupul\s =mality4 ,! result 01 t on my 

lib]ation ,i f\nd myself 9 a position to
 defy contradiction 9 any allegations ,i
 _h to advance2 & ?\gh ,i publi%$ ?is   
lett] imm$iately "u ! eyes ( !          
magi/rates1 x 0 nev] contradict$4  ,%\ld
 ,i individualise1 x w\ld only be to    
say1 t ! gov]nor is a g5tleman ( "s     
excell5t qualities1 & "s un9telligible  
conduct2 t ! surgeon possesses ! suavit]
 9 modo )\t ! =tit] 9 re2 & t !         
magi/rates are little gods1 :o1 l       
,jupit]1 ?und] (t5] ?an !y smile4  ',:at
 ( heal? ,i h1 ,i owe to my fri5ds1 :o  
suppli$ me ) su* food z my con/itution  
requir$1 = _h ,i be5 compell$ to subsi/ 
on ! diet ( ! prison1 my heal?1 by ?is  
"t1 w\ld h be5 q brok54 ,) ! direction (
 my own m$ical advis]1 ,i made ?is      
repres5tation to ! prop] au?orities at !
 gaol2 ,i made !m to ! commission]s :o 7
 lately !re1 & ,i made !m to ,sir ,james
 ,graham299 ,i !re=e conceive t ,i am   
ju/ifi$ 9 repeat+ !m "h4 ,! surgeon     
admitt$ ! necessity ( bett] diet1 b     
ref]r$ me to ! gov]nor1 & he s5t me !   

fruitless r\nd ,i h describ$4 ,n[ !     
prov9ce ( ! gov]nor 0 ! c>e ( my p]son1 
& ! prov9ce ( ! surgeon ! c>e ( my      
heal?4 ,! gov]nor ought n to h p]mitt$ !
 ref]5ce to him1 & ! surgeon ought n to 
h made x4 ,ei!r ! surgeon %\ld h refus$ 
my application ) decision1 or h all[$ x 
) indep5d5ce4 ,^u ?is subject1 !        
commission]s rem9d$ me1 t if ! surgeon  
did n ord] :at 0 necess>y = my heal?1 he
 0 responsible = x4 ,i repli$ t ,i knew 
?is1 & t !y also knew1 t a prison]1 l   
,beale ( ,nor?lea*1 mu/ die be=e he c\ld
 avail himself ( su* responsibility1 & t
 ?is 0 b grave consolation4 ,b ( !      
surgeon ,i wi% to speak imp>tially1 & ,i
 gladly admit1 t 8 mann] 0 always v k9d1
 b ,i compla9 t 8 answ]s 7 always v     
indecisive4 ,:at he recomm5d$ he seldom 
prescrib$1 & pr(ess$ t he mu/ consult ! 
gov]nor :5 he %\ld h consult$ only      
himself4 ,?is fault may seem little1 b  
its effects are great4 ,9 a gaol1 !     
surgeon is ! only p]son :o /&s betwe5 a 
prison] & ! grave1 & x is indisp5sable t

 to ! quality ( humanity ^? ( indep5d5ce
 & decision %\ld be jo9$4 ,! k9d (      
answ]s to :i* ,i h allud$ 7 giv5 to me m
 ?an once1 & giv5 to o!rs z well z to   
me4 ,& ,i aga9 repeat1 t _h ,i be5 )\t  
fri5ds1 ,i %\ld h left my prison )\t    
heal?4       99 ,9 consequ5ce ( ^!      
repres5tations "s m$ical      g5tlem5 ( 
! city 7 br\ght 9 to exam9e me1 :o      
pron\nc$ my life to be 9 no dang]1 &    
!re=e 7s x      seem$7 my heal? 0 n     
reg>d$ z wor? improv+ by      bett]     
food4 ,provid$ ,i did n make a case f] !
 ,h\se (      ,commons1 t 0 en\gh4 ,!y  
appe>$ to consid]      !mselves z b\nd  
to keep me alive & no m4  ',ak9 to !    
want ( bett] food1 0 ! want ( ex]cise1 &
 no want ( damp4 ,! y>d 9 :i* ,i walk$ 0
 s small1 t ,i always became giddy1     
?r\gh ! frequ5t turn+s1 be=e ,i became  
refre%$4 ,! gov]nor sometimes p]mitt$ ! 
,f9es-,class 9 :i* ,i 01 to walk 9 8    
g>d52 b ! occasions came seldom & la/$ n
 long--& ,i 0 previ\sly s en]vat$ by    
conf9em5t1 t ! unusual ex]cise ?us tak51

 ?rew me into a slight fev]4 ,g5]ally   
speak+1 ! place 9 :i* ,i 0 conf9$ 0     
mis]ably humid1 &1 al?\gh ,i took       
p]petual c>e1 ,i _h almo/ a p]petual    
cold4  ',an application = a trivial     
fav\r (t5 br\ght d[n ^u me ru?less      
treatm5t4 ,! visit+ magi/rates w\ld     
come1 & be=e ! o!r prison]s d5\nce me z 
! wor/ felon 9 ! gaol1 & ! mo/ atroci\s 
( crim9als4 ,i 0 direct$ to ascribe ?is 
to ! petulance ( age & ! ranc\r (       
or?odoxy2 b ,i ?\ght x proce$$ f bad    
ta/e & worse feel+4  ',f fir/ to la/1 e 
newspap] s5t me 0 deta9$2 e lett] f me 0
 p]us$1 & e "o to me 0 brok5 op5 &      
read--& ! v seals1 if !y happ5$ to be   
het]odox1 7 int]dict$4 ,?us ! privacy ( 
affection & fri5d%ip 7 violat$1 & m9d z 
well z body laid "u "o re/ra9t4  ',:5 ,i
 saw fri5ds x 0 b = a few m9utes1 & !n  
?r\gh ! b>s ( a gate2 to %ake h&s 0 a   
privilege1 & to conv]se unhe>d1         
impossible4 ,to me x 0 a mom5t>y        
satisfaction made an endur+             
mortification4 ,to ! public x may seem a

 light matt] t no?+ c be spok5 to a     
visitor unhe>d by (fic]s1 b x is no     
light matt] to a prison]4 ,!            
commission]s inquir$--,c y make no      
communication to y\r fri5ds )\t its     
pass+ "u ! eyes ( ! gov]nor1 or ?r\gh ! 
e>s ( ! turnkey8 ,i answ]$--,none2 & t x
 0 n prud5t = a prison] to m5tion op5ly 
:at affect$ p]sons 9 ^: p[] he 0 put--t 
no prison] mu/ calculate on gaol]s be+  
g5]\s1 = !y own$ few virtues n writt5 9 
_! rules4 ,i spoke f exp]i5ce1 & gave !m
 cases 9 po9t499  ',dur+ ! latt] portion
 ( my "t all my fri5ds 7 d5i$ access to 
me1 :i*1 ?\gh x int]f]$ ) ! supply ( my 
wants1 ,i did n1 = ! reasons /at$1 mu*  
regret4 ,b ?is ,i did regret--all my    
lett]s 7 deta9$1 & ,i 0 refus$ !        
privilege ( writ+ a s+le lett] to my    
family4 ,! reason assign$ by ! gov]nor =
 ?is 0 ! en=cem5t ( new rules1 b ,i "k t
 !y 7 en=c$ )\t prop] au?ority1 & ,i    
believe appli$ only to me4999999  ',^?  
are happy :o are = ev] pres]v$ f !      
reception cells ( ,gl\ce/] ,gaol4 ,( !  

"o 9 :i* ,i 0 put1 ! floor 0 fil?y1 ! b$
 0 fil?i]1 & ! w9d[ 0 fil?i] /ill1 = 9 !
 w9d[ 0--:at ,i sick5 at :ile ,i        
write--a rag full ( human excrem5t4 ,& (
 ! b$1 a prison] assur$ me t :5 he lay 9
 x ! lice crept up 8 ?roat (f ! corn]s (
 ! blanket :i* cov]$ him4 ,?is /atem5t1 
on my direction1 he made to !           
commission]s4       99 ,"o case ,i      
allude to 0 ?is4 ,mr4 ,bransby ,coop] & 
,mr4      ,jones _h call$ me out to /ate
 t an application ,i _h      made =     
bett] diet>y w\ld n be acc$$ to4 ,mr4   
,coop]      said ! surgeon did n        
prescribe any o!r diet4 ,i said1        
',x appe>s to me1 sir1 t ! surgeon d>e n
 prescribe      any o!r diet1 unless he 
0 fir/ assur$ y w\ld      approve ( x4' 
,! answ] ( ,mr4 ,coop] 0 l\d1 h>%1      
brief1 & decisive4 ',( c\rse1 sir1 he   
d>e n4' ,?us !      fi]ce c&\r ( ?is man
 broke ?r\gh ! web-"w (      cauti\sness
 :i* surr\nd$ prison]s !re1 & spoke !   
tru? = once4       9999 ,i h s9ce be5   
told t ,mr4 ,alcott1 ( ,am]ica1 0       

among ! numb]1 :o1 be+ a visitor 9      
,engl&1 _h b      "o opportunity ( call+
 ^u me4       999999,on "o occasion     
,ri*>d ,c>lile br\ght me a pres5t ( a   
h&some pair ( l>ge razors1 :i* 7 s5t    
back le/ ,i      %\ld cut my ?roat ) !m4
 ,! rules ( ! gaol =bid      ! entrance 
( su* articles1 b ?is reason = _!       
rejection 0 n 9 ! rules1 b add$ z       
suitable to my      case4  ',! gaol     
*apel is a cold place4 ,(t51 on ent]+ x1
 ,i h exclaim$1 ) ,jugur?a1 on ent]+ 8  
,roman dungeon--,heav5s6 h[ cold is ?is 
ba? ( y\rs6 ,yet 9 ?is place1 dur+ ?is  
inclem5t season1 ! prison]s are assembl$
 e morn+ to he> pray]s1 on empty /oma*s1
 aft] sixte5 h\rs' conf9em5t 9 _! night 
cells4 ,on ! long pray] morn+s1 !y are  
deta9$ 9 *apel ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r1 & !
 p5it5ti>y m51 on _! return to _! cells1
 f9d _! gruel on ! /one floor1 gone cold
 9 _! abs5ce4 ,i m5tion ?is matt] )     
reluctance1 z "s may suppose t ,i notice
 x only f want ( religion2 b p]haps a   
little reflection w conv9ce !m t        

believ]s1 z well z unbeliev]s1 c        
appreciate a w>m breakfa/ on a cold     
morn+6--& t an a/hmatical man1 h[ev]    
s\nd 8 fai?1 w h 8 affection pa9fully   
increas$ by en]vation1 inanition1 &     
sudd5 cold4 ,?is practice ,i d n say is 
contr>y to ! rules1 = x w\ld be         
difficult to say :at is1 or :at is n1   
contr>y to !m--& ,i nev] met ) any "o at
 ! gaol :o c\ld tell4 ,b ! practice is  
contr>y to ! act ( ! #d? ( ,geo4 ,,iv41 
*ap4 #fd1 see4 #cj1 :i* is pr(ess$ to   
regulate x4  ',a circum/ance' ( a       
diff]5t nature f any ( ! =ego+ ,i ?9k x 
my duty to notice4 ,aft] a consid]able  
portion ( my t]m ( imprisonm5t _h       
elaps$1 & aft] ,i _h memorialis$ ,sir   
,james ,graham1 ,i 0 p]mitt$ to rema9 up
 9 an ev5+ ) my books4 ,to ?is ,i owe   
:at ( pleasure ,i c be said to h        
exp]i5c$ 9 gaol1 & ) pleasure ,i        
ackn[l$ge x499       99 ,be=e ?is       
privilege 0 conc$$ ,i :il$ away ! long  
nights by writ+ on ! cov] ( a book1 on  
:i* ,i _h      adju/$ ?reads at equal   

int]vals2 "u ^! ?reads ,i      slipp$   
pap]1 & ?us wrote on ! l9es made by !   
?reads1 :i* kept 9 ! d>k ! words f runn+
 into      ea* o!r4 ,:5 a boy ,i le>n$  
to write ) my eyes %ut1      & my       
playful acquirem5t n[ became ( s]vice to
 me4 ,9      ?is way ,i wrote "s lett]s 
= ! ,oracle1 & mu* (      my            
correspond5ce4 ,scatt]$ by =ce1 our     
little p>ty at      t "t1 & = "s ye>s   
aft]1 _h to be kept toge!r      oy      
lett]s1 &1 incr$ible z x w s\nd1 ,i     
wrote dur+      my imprisonm5t f fir/ to
 la/ ne>ly #bjjj lett]s4 ,!      gov]nor
 did n see !m all1 b he saw s _m1 t "o  
day he said ,i s5t out m lett]s ?an     
usually w5t      ?r\gh a local po/      
(fice4  ',i pref] leav+ ^! /atem5ts )\t 
comm5t1 & cont5t myself ) say+1 t ,i c  
abundantly sub/antiate e "o ( !m4 ,on   
,saturday la/ !y 7 p>tly exam9$ at !    
gaol by ! magi/rates1 b ,i he>d no?+ t  
impugn$ _! correctness or affect$ !     
propriety ( _! appe>+ be=e ! public4 ,if
 ,i h made any misrepres5tations1 ,i    

%all be sorry2 & :at is prov$ to be     
wrong ,i w *e]fully retract4 ,i h writt5
 f no malevol5ce1 = ,i feel none1 &1 z  
:at ,i h relat$ affects me no long]1 my 
only motive is ! hope ( b5efit+ !       
un=tunate be+s :om ,i h left beh9d me4  
,my object is n1 z "s may suspect1 to   
excite commis]ation on my own "p2 to d  
?is ,i h no wi%1 & no expectation1 = 9  
,*elt5ham x seems to be a receiv$ maxim1
 t !y :o h little fai? h no             
feel+s--c]ta9ly1 none are respect$4     
',h[ my imprisonm5t is suppos$ to affect
 me t[>d religion1 ,i _c tell2 ,i only  
"k t ,i h no *ange ( s5tim5t to own4    
,dur+ six mon?s ,i h be5 %ut out f !    
common light & common air--f ^? :om !   
bonds ( fri5d%ip connect$1 & ! ties (   
affection ende>$2 & "s ( ^! ties are    
brok5 = ev]4 ,aft] ?is1 ,i c only say1 t
 ,i h great] difficulty ?an ev] 9       
believ+ t humanity is ! associate (     
piety2 & if ,*ri/ianity has no exp\nd]s 
m attractive ?an ^? ,i h fall5 9 )1 !   
day ( my conv]sion is /ill di/ant4  ',x 

0 taught to me t ! religion ( ,jesus    
*]i%$ k9dness1 t x promot$ our be/      
affections1 & reclaim$ ! err+ 9 love4 ,b
 h[ is ?is accompli%$ 9 gaol8 ,! man :o 
goes !re mu/ leave 8 affections1 8      
feel+s1 & 8 s5sibilities beh9d him--= 9 
gaol all are blight$1 dead5$1 & de/roy$4
 ,!re no appeals are made b to c[>d     
fe>s1 & no antidote appli$ to error b   
mis]y4 ,inde$1 ,i _c dwell ^u           
,*ri/ianity's treatm5t ( :at %e consid]s
 my errors1 )\t wi%+1 ) ,!mi/ocles1 t ,i
 c\ld le>n ! art ( =gett+4 ,) reg>d to !
 cause ( my prosecution1 ,i admit t ,i  
might be wrong 9 ! s5tim5ts :i* ,i held1
 b ,i c\ld n be wrong 9 frankly av[+ !m4
 ,& ,i may answ] to ,*ri/ians1 z did    
,ari/ides to ! tyrant ,dionysius--,i am 
sorry = :at y h done1 b ,i am n sorry = 
:at ,i h said4 ,despite all t has       
succe$$1 ,i /ill pref] integrity to     
lib]ty4 ,my resolution has long be5     
tak51 to speak no?+ or to speak :at ,i  
?9k--=       ,:o d>es ?9k "o ?+ & ano!r 
tell1      ,my he>t dete/s him z ! gates

 ( hell4  ',*ri/ians speak :at !y ?9k   
useful1 & ! same privilege ought to be  
conc$$ to me4 ,a diff]5ce 9 fai? ought n
 to make a diff]5ce 9 "r4 ,b :ile x does
 s1 ^? :o _c pron\nce ! requir$         
,%ibbole? mu/ arm !mselves to be>4 ,^?  
are poor pr9ciples = :i* a man is       
unwill+ to suff] :5 !y are 9 dang]4 ,x  
is an enc\rag+ reflection1 t ?\gh a     
man's fate may be at o!rs' disposal1 8  
"* is ev] at 8 own--& t no enemy c      
di%on\r him :o w n di%on\r himself4     
',y\rs respectfully1  ',gl\ce/]1 ,feb4  
#g1 #ahdc4  ',g4 ,j4 ,holyoake4'   ,!   
,commission]s ref]r$ to 9 ?is lett] ask$
 me1 :5 ,i 0 fir/ tak5 be=e !m1 :e!r ,i 
_h any compla9t to make8  ,i said ,i _h4
  ,did ,i wi% to give x z evid5ce8  ,i  
said ,i did4  ,9 ! ev5+ ( ! next day1   
betwe5 #i & #aj o'clock1 ,i 0 call$ up &
 tak5 into _! pres5ce aga94 ,! gov]nor (
 ! gaol1 ,capta9 ,mason1 & ! surgeon1   
,mr4 ,hicks1 7 pres5t4  ',take a seat1  
,mr4 ,holyoake1' said ! speak] ( !      
,bo>d--,dr4 ,blissett ,hawk9s1 ,i       

believe4 ,i did s4  ',n[1 ,mr4          
,holyoake1 :at h y to compla9 (8' said !
 speak+ ,commission]4  ',no?+1 sir4'    
',no?+6 ,:y :at d y mean8'  ',:at ,i    
say1 sir4'  ',b did y n say t y _h      
evid5ce t y wi%$ to give8'  ',i did4'   
',has x n be5 at y\r reque/ t y h be5   
br\ght be=e u = t purpose8'  ',x has8'  
',!n :at are we to und]/& by y\r pres5t 
/atem5t8'  ',:y1 sir1 :at y h>dly ne$ me
 to expla94 ,i _c give evid5ce be=e ^!  
g5tlem51' look+ t[>ds ! gov]nor & !     
surgeon4  ',true1' said ! que/ion]4     
',capta9 ,mason1 ,mr4 ,hicks1 y w please
 to )draw4'  ,:5 !y 7 gone1 ',n[1 ,mr4  
,holyoake1 y c speak freely1' said !    
*airman4  ',b fir/ ,i mu/ h y\r gu>antee
 t ,i %all suff] no inconv5i5ce 9       
consequ5ce4'  ',:y :at dang] d y run8' 0
 ask$ me4  ',?is4 ,am ,i n 9 ! p[] (    
gov]nor & surgeon8 ,c !y n retaliate 9  
y\r abs5ce8 ,no prison] is safe 9 any   
gaol1 z y ought to "k1 if ! au?orities  
come to reg>d him z report+ !m4 ,if y   
decl9e to give me ?is gu>antee ,i %all n

 make any communication to y1 & :5 ,i am
 at lib]ty aga91 ,i %all h a "r to      
publi% t y\r commission did n le>n !    
:ole tru? at ?is gaol--t x did n ev5 put
 itself 9 a condition to le>n x4'       
',well1' ! *airman said1 ',we gu>antee t
 y %all suff] no inconv5i5ce 9          
consequ5ce ( any evid5ce y may give to  
u4'  ,!n1 & n till !n1 did ,i proce$ to 
expla9 :at 9 ! la/ lett] & notes is     
rec\nt$4 ,! commission]s kept _! ^w4 ,! 
sev]ity ( ! discipl9e1 in/itut$ by !    
gov]nor :5 a visitor came1 0 some:at    
relax$2 & once or twice1 :5 ,i 0 suff]+ 
f cold 7be=e unnotic$71 a c ( mutton    
bro? 0 ord]$ me by ! surgeon1 9 :i* ,i  
f\nd a v s5sible look+ piece ( mutton4  
,no?+ m ( importance rema9s to be       
n>rat$4 ,conclud+1 let me solicit       
consid]ation to ! moral aspects (       
,*ri/ianity1 z set =? 9 ?is n>rative1 & 
to :at ,i consid] ! political moral ( ^!
 pages4 ,_m p]sons ^: c&\r & g5]al      
intellig5ce ,i d n di/ru/1 tell me t !  
p]secution "h rec\nt$1 is n to be       

ascrib$ to ,*ri/ianity4 ,to ?is ,i make 
! answ] made on ?is subject 7!          
imprisonm5t ( myself1 ,adams1 & o!rs7 by
 my late fri5d1 ,maltus ,que/ell ,ryall4
 ',*ri/ians set a wat* ^u !m--,*ri/ians 
in=m$ aga9/ !m--,*ri/ians prejudic$ !   
public aga9/ !m4 ,by ,*ri/ian pay 7     
hirel+ lawy]s reta9$--by ,*ri/ian       
witnesses confront$--by ! ,*ri/ian      
,press misrepres5t$--by ,*ri/ian juries 
f\nd guilty1 by ,*ri/ian judges         
condemn$4' ,x is necess>y to put !      
argum5t 9 ?is cumulative =m to satisfy  
"s und]/&+s2 b a well-in=m$ & c&id      
,*ri/ian c h>dly be suppos$ to ne$ =mal 
pro( on ?is head4 ,a c>eful /udy ( !    
,evangeli/s "s "t aft] ?is imprisonm5t1 
satisfi$ me t ! religion ( ,jesus       
involves p]secution4 ,a man :o believes 
t m5 ne$ sav+1 t !re is only "o way     
:]eby !y c be sav$1 t 8 way is t way1 & 
t x is bett] = a man to lose ! :ole _w  
?an to lose 8 own s\l by miss+ t way1   
su* a believ] w inevitably co]ce all he 
c into x4 ,if he is n a p]secutor he    

ought1 9 moral consi/5cy1 to be "o4     
,hav+ ! fe> ( ! philan?ropi/s & ( !     
humanit>ians be=e 8 eyes1 he may modify 
8 practice1 b x w be at ! exp5se ( 8    
p5etration or ( 8 religi\s duty4 ,i h no
 difficulty :atev] 9 und]/&+ t !        
consci5ti\s among ! old inquisitors     
might be m5 ( b5evol5ce--spiritual      
physicians1 :o amputat$ exi/5ce ) a view
 to save ! et]nal life ( ! pati5t4 ,x is
 n[ _m ye>s s9ce ,i wrote or spoke aga9/
 !m on religi\s gr\nds1 & = a long p]iod
 ,i h ceas$ to speak ( p]secution z be+ 
ei!r unscriptural or un*ri/ian4  ,x w n 
d to say t :at we h se5 ( p]secution has
 be5 b ! abuse ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is 9   
itself a condemnation ( ,*ri/ianity to  
be oblig$ to repudiate ! conduct ( all  
,*ri/ian *ur*es4 ,x w n d to say t      
,*ri/ians h n be5 wise en\gh to see1 nor
 good en\gh to image1 ! div9e g5tl5ess (
 ,*ri/4 ,! ,*ri/ian *ur*es h be5 presid$
 ov] by pa/ors :o h possess$ bo?        
p5etration & purity 9 ! highe/          
degree--:o 7 able to see :at !re 0 to be

 se51 & dev\t en\gh to r5d] x 9 _!      
lives4 ,try ! "q ev5 9 our day4 ,if     
,*ri/ be ! symbol ( love & g5tl5ess to  
all :o believe 9 8 "n1 h[ is x t 9 e "p 
( ! _w ! ,free?9k] %\ld fe> to fall into
 ! h&s ( ! ,*ri/ian8 ,h[ is x t he mu/  
set a wat* ^u 8 words 9 e t[n & hamlet 9
 our own l&1 le/ ! free expression ( 8  
deepe/ convictions %\ld co/ him 8       
position1 8 employm5t1 & 8 "*8 ,br&$1   
outca/1 & fri5dless1 ! ,*ri/ian's door  
is ! la/ at :i* he w\ld knock--!        
,*ri/ian's fireside is ! la/ at :i* he  
w\ld f9d a welcome--& ! ,*ri/ian pa/or1 
:o 9 k1 duty1 & example1 mo/ ne>ly      
resembles ! ,*ri/ :om he prea*es1 is !  
la/ man ^: pa? ! ,free?9k] w\ld wi% to  
cross1 or into ^: e> he w\ld v5ture to  
p\r ! tale ( 8 expatriations4  ,9 "o    
passage 9 my def5ce ,i repres5t         
p]secution1 z ,"l ,br\gham & o!rs h     
done1 z a p[] :i* spreads op9ion4 ,i    
believ$ s !n1 b believe x no long]4 ,i h
 liv$ to wat* ! effects ( p]secution1 & 
h se5 x put d[n ! tru? s (t51 z no long]

 to d\bt its bad efficacy4 ,! ignorant1 
! timid1 ! opul5t1 & ! conv5tional 7& ^!
 make up ! mass ( mank9d71 are all      
det]r$ by dang] or opprobrium1 ,!       
resolute & ! reckless1 ! only p>ties :o 
p]si/1 lab\r "u accumulat$              
disadvantages4 ,condemn$ to sp5d !n "t 9
 self-def5ce1 developm5t ( doctr9e--!   
legitimate & only s\rce ( p]man5t       
influ5ce--is ne>ly impossible to !m3 & x
 is well = !m if !y escape acquir+ an   
antagoni/ic _s1 :i* disfigures _!       
advocacy & misrepres5ts _! "*4 ,_! only 
proselytes are ^? :o come to !m out (   
spite or out ( sympa?y1 & :o ( c\rse    
miss ! intellectual gr\nd ( conviction1 
& c be ( little real s]vice until !y h  
be5 re-educat$4  ,if1 z ,i admit1       
p]secution w put d[n op9ion1 :at        
objection's !re to its employm5t :5 x   
puts d[n error8 ,i answ]1 ',bew>e ( its 
use1 because x may put d[n ! tru? also4'
 ,p]secution is n an ordeal4 ,free      
discussion is ! only te/ capable (      
di/+ui%+ & e/abli%+ ! tru?4 ,! prop]    

condemnation ( p]secution is1 t x is an 
illegitimate opposition :i* is sure to  
be disc\nt5anc$ z m5 become manly &     
ref9$4 ,! armies ( a civilis$ p obs]ve1 
ev5 9 ! deadly /rife ( battle1 "s rules 
( hon\rable w>f>e1 & d n desc5d to !    
arts ( trea*]y or tactics ( savages4 ,we
 may surely hope t 9 ! battle = religi\s
 tru?1 a s5se ( hon\r w prev5t ! dom9ant
 p>ty f tak+ aga9/ its oppon5ts ! undue 
advantage ( p]secution4 ,montaigne      
relates t :5 ,polyp]*on advis$ ,alex&]  
to take advantage ( ! night = attack+   
,d>ius1 ',by no means1' answ]$ ! noble  
g5]al2 ',x is n = su* a man z ,i am to  
/eal su* an advantage2 ,i _h r rep5t me 
( my =tune ?an be a%am$ ( my victory1'  
,x is n too mu* to expect t ,*ri/ianity 
w always be less ref9$ ?an ,w>4         
,p]secution1 always a disa/]1 0 n h[ev] 
) u a defeat4 ,we 7 n put d[n by        
p]secution2 we cont9u$ ! ,oracle a      
hundr$ & f\r weeks1 !n ! ,movem5t1      
sixty-eight weeks1 & ! ,reason] w soon h
 complet$ t5 volumes4 ,besides hav+     

writt5 9 our publications1 we h1 9 almo/
 all ! pr9cipal cities & t[ns 9 ! k+dom1
 spok51 s9ce ! trial at ,gl\ce/]1 ) !   
utmo/ explicitness4 ,! imprisonm5t has  
at lea/ be5 ( ?is s]vice--& ?is is      
all--x has enabl$ me to speak accr$it$  
by ! s9c]ity :i* o!rwise c\ld n h be5 s 
satisfactorily manife/ to ! multitude4  
,to h sp5t1 )\t %r9k+1 "s portion ( life
 9 prison 9 def5ce ( public lib]ty1     
gives ! same au?ority among ! p z hav+  
graduat$ at a univ]sity does among      
s*ol>s499 ,! fact is a sad illu/ration (
 ! brutal mann] 9 :i* ! p are condemn$  
to w9 ! enl>gem5t ( _! lib]ties4 ,9     
cases :]e cl]gym5 h m5ac$ me ) r5ew$    
imprisonm5t1 ,i h always answ]$--',i    
consid] myself z hav+ tak5 out a lic5se 
to speak freely4 ,! gov]nm5t made a *>ge
 to me ( six mon?s' imprisonm5t = t     
privilege1 & ,i paid ! price4 ,if y h   
r5ew$ dem&s ^u me1 let me "k !m1 & ,i w 
endeav\r to meet !m2 b d n int]rupt me4'
       99 ,:5 ! ,prizes 7 aw>d$ me =    
writ+ ! ,lit]>y      ,lectures ( !      

,man*e/] ,unity1 an attempt 0 made to   
cancel ! aw>d on ! gr\nd ( my hav+ be5  
imprison$1      b x 0 imm$iately qua%$4 
,:5 ! legislation ( !      ,ord] 0 be=e 
! ,h\se ( ,lords1 ! ,bi%op ( ,ox=d      
79 ,committee7 made an objection to !   
,lectures on acc\nt      ( ! ,au?or%ip1 
b ! ,unity refus$ to )draw !m1      & !y
 are 9 use to ?is day4 ,! objections (  
?is      nature made 9 "s in/ances by ! 
,press h be5      inop]ative :]e ! p h  
be5 conc]n$4  ,9 ! pres5t /ructure (    
,engli% political society1 to pres]ve ! 
ability to be imprison$ is necess>y to  
usefulness4 ,:5 ! associations ( home h 
tw9$ !mselves ar\nd ! feel+s--aft] long 
indu/ry & pati5t frugality h surr\nd$ a 
man ) "s com=ts unkn[n to 8 y\?--few h !
 temp] :i* w "p f !m & walk into a gaol 
at ! call ( duty4 ,i %\ld ?9k ?is /ate !
 dea? ( progress4 ,:51 "s "t ago1 insur+
 my life 9 ! ,equity ,law ,insurance    
,(fice1 ,i ask$1 be=e ,i took out my    
policy1 :e!r x w\ld be =feit$ if my dea?
 0 occasion$ by imprisonm5t or          

transportation4 ,! ,directors naturally 
ask$ :e!r ,i 0 liable to ^? casualties4 
,i said1 n p>ticul>ly liable ,i hop$2 b 
to be able to be imprison$1 if x seem$ a
 duty1 ,i valu$ z a great privilege1 &  
,i w\ld n b>t] my "r to be imprison$4 ,i
 am afraid !y smil$ at my ecc5tricity1 b
 !y assur$ me t t accid5t w\ld n involve
 ! =feiture ( my policy--:i* ,i !n took 
out4  ,no "o :o reads ?us f> w1 ,i hope1
 consid] me z a c&idate = ei!r          
imprisonm5t or transportation4 ,i h too 
ke5 an insight into _! mis]y = t4 ,b he 
:o pret5ds to take ! side ( ! p ought to
 see 8 way all ?r\gh1 & n incur a dang] 
he has n weigh$1 & n suff] any to       
ascribe to him a virtue he does n mean  
to ma9ta94  ,if any1 f :at ,i h j       
express$1 or f ! transactions ( ?is     
n>rative1 %all conclude t ,i am dispos$ 
to reg>d law-break+ lightly1 !y w mi/ake
 me4 ,respect = ! law is an intellig5t  
virtue--a sign ( fitness = fre$om s     
important t none b an enemy w\ld obscure
 ! duty or weak5 ! s5tim5t4 ,if accus$1 

9 ! matt] :i* l$ to my ,trial1 ( break+ 
! law1 ,i might plead t !re 0 no law to 
break1 & !re=e ,i c\ld n break "o4 ,:at 
is call$ ! common law relat+ to         
blasphemy is a m]e caprice1 an op9ion   
int]pret$ by ignorance or sect>ian      
prejudice1 & en=c$ at ! call (          
bigotry--malevol5t to ! humble :ile     
neutral t[>ds ! ri*4 ,aga9/ ?is tyranny 
"o is oblig$ to rebel4 ,x is disa/r\s t 
we %\ld h to set up ! /&>d ( resi/ance  
ev5 9 a case ( ?is k9d1 & ! *ief        
ju/ification is t a democratic gov]nm5t 
is d5i$ u4 ,_h ! p a voice 9 mak+ !     
laws1 ! break+ ( any law w\ld require   
grave ju/ification4 ,m5 h two lives--a  
private & a public "o4 ,consci5ce is !  
guide ( all t relates to private duty1 b
 law is ! consci5ce ( society1 & x is   
be/ :5 private consci5ce c be subord9ate
 to ! public consci5ce4 ,private        
consci5ce may be ! *ild ( selfi%ness1   
fanaticism1 or vanity1 z well z ( !     
greate/ purity & intellig5ce4 ,a man1   
!re=e1 %\ld be c>eful h[ he places s    

unc]ta9 a ?+ above ! law4 ,if private   
consci5ce be m j & intellig5t ?an !     
public consci5ce1 a democratic =m (     
gov]nm5t af=ds peaceful facilities :]eby
 x c come into ! asc5dant4 ,b :]e ^!    
modes are d5i$1 no alt]native rema9s b t
 ( rebellion or unconditional &         
indef9ite submission4 ,resi/ance to !   
law1 h[ev]1 or to :at is tacitly accept$
 by ! majority z law1 is1 "u any =m (   
gov]nm5t1 s p]nici\s an example1 is s   
liable to be abus$1 s liable to unfit ! 
p :o le>n ! lesson1 = submission to     
legitimate au?ority1 t ^! cases dem& !  
/ricte/ surveillance be=e !y receive !  
sanction ( a fri5d ( ! p4 ,9 all        
in/ances 9 :i* consci5ce is ! gr\nd (   
resi/ance1 ! wrong done to consci5ce    
ought to be cle>1 deep1 & mom5t\s1 & !  
necessity :i* obliges ! claims ( private
 consci5ce to be put above ! laws ought 
to be made s evid5t t ! s5tim5t ( fre$om
 %all n det]iorate t ( legitimate &     
hon\rable allegiance4 ,if ! political   
moral ( ?is n>rative be !re=e drawn )   

discrim9ation1 we may d little h>m ev5  
if mi/ak5 9 ! belief t ! preval5ce ( our
 views ( life may be a public good2 & if
 ?is belief prove to be "r 9 ! ma91 we d
 :at re=m]s are said (t5 to =get--we    
make a pa/ to :i* ! future may ref] =   
au?ority & in/ruction4       ,!n n '9   
va96' ,ev5 obscure/ we$s      ,n\ri% !  
roots ( fruitfule/ fair trees      ,s f 
our ,=tune  loa!d ,hope proce$s      ,! 
exp]i5ce t may base high victories499   
99 ,w4 ,j4 ,union4  ,:at 'our views' are
 ?is is n ! place to /ate2 z to "s x    
w\ld seem t "u ! pretext ( a plea =     
,free ,utt]ance1 s5tim5ts 7 obtrud$ ^u !
 read] he 0 n =ew>n$ to expect4 ,i !re=e
 limit myself to say+ 7& t only = ! sake
 ( o!rs :o w decl9e to conc$e free      
utt]ance until !y "k :at has to be      
utt]$7 t :oev] sees 9 ,a!ism simply !   
developm5t ( a negation1 sees b half !  
tru?4 ,ev5 9 ?is respect 7suppos+ exi/+ 
!ological sy/ems to be errone\s7 ,a!ism 
has ! m]it ( cle>+ ! way = ,pure        
,moralism--:i* is ! o!r half1 or        

positive gr\nd ( ,a!ism4 ,! late/ writ]s
 on ! ,philosophy ( ,religion resolve   
religion into ,dep5dance2 by :i* its    
mod]n !ory at l5g? co9cides ) its anci5t
 practice4 ,we v5ture to ?9k t ?is is n 
salut>y tea*+4 ,life %\ld be            
self-reliant4 ,x seems to u t ! light ( 
,nature & ! exp]i5ce ( man are ant]ior  
to ! dogmas ( ,prie/s1 & are ! s\rces   
:5ce guidance & duty indep5d5tly spr+4  
,! ,prie/ breaks 9 ^u ! integrity (     
life1 & div]ts its c\rse4 ,he says he   
makes an addition to our k--we d n f9d x
 s4 ,he pr(esses to %[ u ! hidd5 my/]ies
 ( ! future--we fail to see !m4 ,he     
simply encumb]s u1 & we pray him to /&  
aside4 ,! responsibility ( our c\rse is 
our own & n 81 & we h a "r to be left   
free4 ,reject+ 8 advices1 he proclaims t
 we reject tru?1 hon\r1 ju/ice1 love4   
,?is is 8 error or ! retaliation ( 8    
disappo9tm5t4 ,we appeal to ! c&id & !  
imp>tial to judge betwe5 u4 ,we respect 
,!ology z ! sci5ce ( man's de/9y1 &     
regret t x be>s no fruits = u3 b ?is is 

n our fault2 & we !re=e attempt to solve
 ! problem ( life = ourselves4 ,our     
progress already c\nts "s di/9ct /eps4  
,we h reca/ ! practice ( controv]sy3 we 
=bid to ourselves to suspect evil       
motives1 or to impute ins9c]ity to o!rs2
 ! d\btful act we propose to judge by   
evid5ce alone1 & to put ! be/           
con/ruction on ! dubi\s ^w4 ,?us we     
annihilate ,antagonism1 ! elde/ foe (   
,progress1 by impos+ laws on impulse4   
,our se>* 9 e sy/em is direct$ aft]     
moral tru?2 &1 less exact+ ?an !        
,*ri/ian1 we accept x1 :e!r giv5 by     
,inspiration1 confirm$ by ,miracle1     
atte/$ by ,prophecy1 or n4 ,probity ( ^w
 & act may be securely bas$ on !        
intellig5ce & ref9em5t ( mank9d--& ?is  
we lab\r to en=ce4 ,to re/rict human    
expectation to t :i* is asc]ta9able by  
reason1 mu/ h ! effect ( conc5trat+     
att5tion on humanity1 & int5sify+ int]e/
 9 human ex]tions4 ,9 ,solid>ity we f9d 
! enc\ragem5t to public endeav\r1 & we  
sum up private duty 9 ,hon\r1 :i* is    

respect+ ! ,tru?2 9 ,morality1 :i* is   
act+ ! ,tru?2 & 9 ,love1 :i* is s]v+ !  
,tru?4  ,,! ,,end4       ,holyoake      
,bro!rs1 ,pr9t]s1      #c4 ,que5's      
,head-passage1      ,pat]no/]-r[4