,,a/ronomy ,,) ,,an ,,op]a-,,glass ,a ,,popul> ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,/>ry ,,heav5s ,,) ,,! ,,simple/ ,,( ,,optical ,,in/rum5ts ,,) ,,maps ,,& ,,directions ,,to ,,facilitate ,,! ,,recognition ,,( ,,! ,,con/ellations ,,& ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,/>s ,,visible ,,to ,,! ,,nak$ ,,eye ,,by ,,g>rett ,p4 ,,s]viss ,kn[n are _! laws2 9 h>mony unroll ,! n9ete5-orb$ cycles ( ! ,moon4 ,& all ! signs ?r\gh :i* ,night :irls h] c> ,f belt$ ,orion back to ,orion & 8 dauntless ,h\nd1 ,& all ,poseidon's1 all high ,zeus' />s ,be> on _! beams true messages to man4 ,,po/e',s ,,aratus4 ,,?ird ,,edition ,,new ,,york ,d4 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company ,,london3 ,,caxton ,,h\se1 ,,pat]no/] ,,squ>e #ahij ,,copyright1 #ahhh1 ,,by ,d ,,appleton ,,& ,,company4 ,,to ,,! ,,read] ,9 ! pages t foll[1 ! au?or has endeavor$ to enc\rage ! /udy ( ! heav5ly bodies by po9t+ out "s ( ! int]e/+ & m>vel\s ph5om5a ( ! univ]se t are visible ) little or no assi/ance f optical in/rum5ts1 & indicat+ means ( becom+ acqua9t$ ) ! con/ellations & ! planets4 ,kn[+ t an op]a-glass is capable ( reveal+ "s ( ! mo/ beautiful sights 9 ! />ry dome1 & believ+ t _m p]sons w\ld be glad to le>n ! fact1 he set to "w ) su* an in/rum5t & survey$ all ! con/ellations visible 9 ! latitude ( ,new ,york1 c>efully not+ ev]y?+ t x seem$ might int]e/ amateur />-gaz]s4 ,all ! objects ?us obs]v$ h n be5 includ$ 9 ?is book1 le/ ! multiplicity ( details %\ld det] or disc\rage ! v read]s = :om x 0 specially writt54 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is no?+ describ$ z visible ) an op]a-glass or a field-glass :i* ! au?or has n se5 ) an in/rum5t ( t description1 & :i* any p]son possess+ eye-sight ( av]age quality & a compet5t glass %\ld n be able to disc]n4 ,b1 9 ord] to l5d due int]e/ to ! subject1 & place x be=e ! read] 9 a prop] light & true p]spective1 _m facts h be5 /at$ conc]n+ ! objects describ$1 ! asc]ta9m5t ( :i* has requir$ ! aid ( p[]ful telescopes1 & to obs]v]s ) su* in/rum5ts is res]v$ ! noble pleasure ( confirm+ ) _! own eyes ^? wond]ful discov]ies :i* ! look] ) an op]a-glass c n hope to behold unless1 happily1 he %\ld be spurr$ on to ! possession ( a telescope4 ,yet ev5 to glimpse dimly ^! di/ant wond]s1 kn[+ :at a clos] view w\ld reveal1 is a s\rce ( no mean satisfaction1 :ile ! cele/ial ph5om5a t lie easily )9 rea* ( an op]a-glass are suffici5t to furni% delight & in/ruction = _m an ev5+4 ,x %\ld be said t ! division ( ! />s us$ 9 ?is book into ! ,/>s ( ,spr+1 ,/>s ( ,summ]1 ,/>s ( ,autumn1 & ,/>s ( ,w9t]1 is purely arbitr>y1 & int5d$ only to indicate ! seasons :5 c]ta9 con/ellations are be/ situat$ = obs]vation or mo/ conspicu\s4 ,! great] "p ( ! matt] compos+ ?is volume appe>$ orig9ally 9 a s]ies ( articles contribut$ by ! au?or to ,! ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly 9 #ahhg-'hh4 ,! reception t ^? articles met ) enc\rag$ him to revise & enl>ge !m = publication 9 ! m p]man5t =m ( a book4 ,g4 ,p4 ,s4 ,,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y41 ,septemb]1 #ahhh4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,introduction #a ,popul> int]e/ 9 ! ph5om5a ( ! heav5s4 ,! op]a-glass z an in/rum5t ( obs]vation = beg9n]s 9 />-/udy4 ,te/+ an op]a-glass4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,/>s ,,( ,,spr+ #g ,description ( ! ,con/ellations--,auriga1 ! ,*>iote]2 ,b]5ice's ,hair2 ,canc]1 ! ,crab ! ,mang]2 ,canis ,m9or1 ! ,less] ,dog2 ,corvus1 ! ,cr[2 ,crat]is1 ! ,cup2 ,gem9i1 ! ,tw9s2 ,hydra1 ! ,wat]-,s]p5t2 ,leo1 ! ,lion2 ,ursa ,major1 ! ,great] ,be> ! ,great ,dipp]2 ,ursa ,m9or1 ! ,less] ,be> ! ,pole-,/>4 ,a circul> index-map1 maps on a l>g] scale1 ( ! con/ellations describ$1 & pictures ( rem>kable objects4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,/>s ,,( ,,summ] #cj ,description ( ! ,con/ellations--,aquila1 ! ,eagle2 ,booetes1 ! ,h]dsman1 or ,be>-,div]2 ,canes ,v5atici1 ! ,hunt+-,dogs2 ,cygnus1 ! ,swan ! ,nor!rn ,cross2 ,delph9us1 ! ,dolph92 ,draco1 ! ,dragon2 ,h]cules ! ,great ,sun-,sw>m1 #ac ,m2 ,libra1 ! ,balance2 ,lyra1 ! ,h>p2 ! ,nor!rn ,cr[n2 ,ophiu*us et ,s]p5s1 ! ,s]p5t-be>] & ! ,s]p5t2 ,sagitta1 ! ,arr[2 ,sagitt>ius1 ! ,ar*]2 ,scorpio1 ! ,scorpion2 ,sobieski's ,%ield2 ,taurus ,poniat[skii1 ,poniat[sky's ,bull2 ,virgo1 ! ,virg9 ! ,field ( ! ,nebulae2 ,vulpecula1 ! ,little ,fox4 ,a circul> index-map1 maps1 on a l>g] scale1 ( ! con/ellations describ$1 & pictures ( rem>kable objects4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,/>s ,,( ,,autumn #fj ,description ( ! ,con/ellations--,&rom$a ! ,great ,nebula2 ,aqu>ius1 ! ,wat]-,be>]2 ,aries1 ! ,ram2 ,capricornus1 ! ,goat2 ,cassiopeia2 ,cepheus2 ,cetus1 ! ,:ale ,mira1 ! wond]ful v>iable />2 ,pegasus1 ! ,w+$ ,horse4 ,p]seus ,algol1 ! ,demon-,/>2 ,pisces1 ! ,fi%es2 ,piscis ,au/ralis1 ! ,s\!rn ,fi%2 ! ,triangles4 ,a circul> index-map1 maps on a l>g] scale1 ( ! con/ellations describ$1 & pictures ( rem>kable objects4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,/>s ,,( ,,w9t] #hi ,description ( ! ,con/ellations--,argo1 ,jason's ,%ip2 ,canis ,major1 ! ,great ,dog ,sirius2 ,eridanus1 ! riv] ,po2 ,lepus1 ! ,h>e2 ,monoc]os1 ! ,unicorn2 ,orion ! ,great ,nebula2 ,taurus1 ! ,bull ! ,pleiades & ,hyades4 ,a circul> index-map1 maps on a l>g] scale1 ( ! con/ellations describ$1 & pictures ( rem>kable objects4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,moon1 ,,! ,,planets1 ,,& ,,! ,,sun #aah ,description ( lun> seas1 m\nta9s1 & crat]s1 ) a map ( ! moon1 & cuts %[+ its appe>ance ) a field-glass4 ,op]a-glass obs]vation (--,! sun 7"o cut71 ,m]cury1 ,v5us1 ,m>s1 ,jupit] & 8 satellites 7"o cut71 ,saturn1 ,uranus 7?ree cuts74 ,,a/ronomy ,,) ,,an ,,op]a-,,glass4 ,,introduction4 ,/>-gaz+ 0 nev] m popul> ?an x is n[4 ,9 e civiliz$ c\ntry _m excell5t telescopes are own$ & us$1 (t5 to v good purpose1 by p]sons :o are n practical a/ronom]s1 b :o wi% to see = !mselves ! m>vels ( ! sky1 & :o occasionally /umble ^u some?+ t is new ev5 to pr(essional />-gaz]s4 ,yet1 not)/&+ ?is activity 9 ! cultivation ( a/ronomical /udies1 x is probably safe to ass]t t h>dly "o p]son 9 a hundr$ kn[s ! *ief />s by "n1 or c ev5 recognize ! pr9cipal con/ellations1 mu* less di/+ui% ! planets f ! fix$ />s4 ,& ( c\rse !y "k no?+ ( ! intellectual pleasure t accompanies a k ( ! />s4 ,mod]n a/ronomy is s rapidly & wond]fully l9k+ ! e>? & ! sun toge!r1 ) all ! orbs ( space1 9 ! bonds ( close physical relation%ip1 t a p]son ( education & g5]al intellig5ce c (f] no valid excuse = n kn[+ :]e to look = ,sirius or ,aldeb>an1 or ! ,orion nebula1 or ! planet ,jupit]4 ,z ,au/ralia & ,new ,zeal& & ! isl&s ( ! sea are made a "p ( ! civiliz$ _w ?r\gh ! exp&+ influ5ce ( comm]ce & cultivation1 s ! suns & planets ar\nd u are1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 fall+ "u ! dom9ion ( ! re/less & resi/less m9d ( man4 ,we h come to possess ve/$ intellectual int]e/s 9 ,m>s & ,saturn1 & 9 ! sun & all 8 multitude ( fell[s1 :i* nobody c af=d to ignore4 ,a s+ul> pro( ( popul> ignorance ( ! />ry heav5s1 z well z ( popul> curiosity conc]n+ any uncommon cele/ial ph5om5on1 is furni%$ by ! curi\s notions prevail+ ab\t ! planet ,v5us4 ,:5 ,v5us began to attract g5]al att5tion 9 ! we/]n sky 9 ! e>ly ev5+s ( ! spr+ ( #ahhg1 speculation quickly became rife ab\t x1 p>ticul>ly on ! great ,brooklyn ,bridge4 ,z ! planet hung dazzl+ly bright ov] ! ,new ,j]sey horizon1 "s p appe>$ to ?9k x 0 ! light ( ,lib]ty's tor*1 mi/ak+ ! bronze goddess's real flambeau = a "p ( ! electric-light sy/em ( ! metropolis4 ,f9ally 7to judge f ! lett]s writt5 to ! newspap]s1 & ! que/ions ask$ ( individuals suppos$ to "k some?+ ab\t ! secrets ( ! sky71 ! conviction seems to h become pretty widely di/ribut$ t ! /range light 9 ! we/ 0 no less ?an an electrically illum9at$ balloon1 nightly s5t skyw>d by ,mr4 ,edison1 = no o!r conceivable reason ?an a wiz>dly desire to my/ify 8 fell[-m54 ,i h positive in=mation t ?is ridicul\s notion has be5 actually ent]ta9$ by m ?an "o p]son ( intellig5ce4 ,& z ,v5us gl[$ ) increas+ spl5dor 9 ! s]5e ev5+s ( ,june1 %e cont9u$ to be mi/ak5 = "s petty artificial light in/ead ( ! magnific5t _w t %e 01 sp>kl+ out !re 9 ! sun%9e l a globe ( burni%$ silv]4 ,yet ,v5us z an ev5+ /> is n s r>e a ph5om5on t p ( intellig5ce %\ld be surpris$ at x4 ,once 9 e #ehd days %e reappe>s at ! same place 9 ! sunset sky-- ,gem ( ! crimson-color$ ev51 ,companion ( retir+ day4 ,no eye c fail to note h]1 & z ! ne>e/ & mo/ beautiful ( ! ,e>?'s si/]s x w\ld seem t ev]ybody %\ld be z famili> ) h] appe>ance z ) ! face ( a fri5d4 ,b ! popul> ignorance ( ,v5us1 & ! o!r memb]s ( ! planet>y family to :i* our "m1 ! ,e>?1 belongs1 is only an index ( ! d5s] ignorance conc]n+ ! />s--! bro!rs ( our great fa!r1 ! ,sun4 ,i believe ?is ignorance is l>gely due to m]e indiff]5ce1 :i*1 9 its turn1 arises f a false & p$antic me?od ( pres5t+ a/ronomy z a creature ( ma!matical =mulae1 & a humble h&maid5 ( ! art ( navigation4 ,i d n1 ( c\rse1 mean to ca/ d\bt ^u ! sci5tific value ( te*nical "w 9 a/ronomy4 ,! sci5ce c\ld n exi/ )\t x4 ,^? :o h made ! spectroscope reveal ! composition ( ! sun & />s1 & :o are n[ mak+ photography picture ! heav5s z !y are1 & ev5 reveal ph5om5a :i* lie beyond ! range ( human vision1 are ! m5 :o h tak5 a/ronomy out ( its swaddl+-clo!s1 & set x on its feet z a progressive sci5ce4 ,b :5 "o sees ! depress+ & repell5t effect t has evid5tly be5 produc$ ^u ! popul> m9d by ! ord9>y me?ods ( pres5t+ a/ronomy1 "o c n resi/ ! temptation to utt] a vigor\s prote/1 & to decl>e t ?is glori\s sci5ce is n ! gr9n+ ma!matical skeleton t x has be5 repres5t$ to be4 ,p]haps "o reason :y ! av]age educat$ man or woman kn[s s little ( ! />ry heav5s is because x is popul>ly suppos$ t only ! mo/ p[]ful telescopes & co/ly in/rum5ts ( ! obs]vatory are capable ( deal+ ) !m4 ,no great] mi/ake c\ld be made4 ,x does n require an optical in/rum5t ( any k9d1 nor mu* labor1 z comp>$ ) t exp5d$ 9 ! acquirem5t ( "s poli%$ accompli%m5ts reg>d$ z indisp5sable1 to give "o an acqua9tance ) ! />s & planets :i* w be n only pleasurable b useful4 ,& ) ! aid ( an op]a-glass mo/ int]e/+1 gratify+1 &1 9 "s in/ances1 sci5tifically valuable obs]vations may be made 9 ! heav5s4 ,i h m ?an once he>d p]sons :o knew no?+ ab\t ! />s1 & probably c>$ less1 utt] exclamations ( surprise & delight :5 p]suad$ to look at c]ta9 p>ts ( ! sky ) a good glass1 & !reaft] manife/ an int]e/ 9 a/ronomy ( :i* !y w\ld =m]ly h believ$ !mselves incapable4 ,be+ conv9c$ t :oev] w survey ! heav5s ) a good op]a-glass w feel repaid _m fold = 8 "t & labor1 ,i h und]tak5 to po9t out "s ( ! objects mo/ wor?y ( att5tion1 & "s ( ! means ( mak+ acqua9tance ) ! />s4 ,fir/1 a ^w ab\t ! in/rum5t to be us$4 ,galileo made 8 fam\s discov]ies ) :at 01 9 pr9ciple ( con/ruction1 simply an op]a-glass4 ,?is =m ( telescope 0 aft]w>d ab&on$ because v high magnify+ p[]s c\ld n be employ$ ) x1 & ! field ( view 0 re/rict$4 ,b1 on acc\nt ( its brilliant illum9ation ( objects look$ at1 & its conv5i5ce ( =m1 ! op]a-glass is /ill a valuable &1 9 "s respects1 unrival$ in/rum5t ( obs]vation4 ,9 *oos+ an op]a-glass1 see fir/ t ! object-glasses are a*romatic1 al?\gh ?is caution is h>dly necess>y1 = all mod]n op]a-glasses1 wor?y ( ! "n1 are made ) a*romatic objectives4 ,b !re are great diff]5ces 9 ! quality ( ! "w4 ,if a glass %[s a color$ fr+e ar\nd a bright object1 reject x4 ,let ! diamet] ( ! object-glasses1 :i* are ! l>ge l5ses 9 ! end f>!/ f ! eye1 be n less ?an an in* & a half4 ,! magnify+ p[] %\ld be at lea/ ?ree or f\r diamet]s4 ,a famili> way ( e/imat+ ! magnify+ p[] is by look+ at a brick wall ?r\gh "o b>rel ( ! op]a-glass ) "o eye1 :ile ! o!r eye sees ! wall )\t ! int]v5tion ( ! glass4 ,!n notice h[ _m bricks se5 by ! nak$ eye are requir$ to equal 9 ?ickness "o brick se5 ?r\gh ! glass4 ,t numb] repres5ts ! magnify+ p[]4 ,! in/rum5t us$ by ! writ] 9 mak+ mo/ ( ! obs]vations = ?is book has object-glasses #a4f in* 9 diamet]1 & a magnify+ p[] ( ab\t #c4f times4 ,see t ! fields ( view giv5 by ! two b>rels ( ! op]a-glass co9cide1 or bl5d p]fectly toge!r4 ,if "o appe>s to p>tially ov]lap ! o!r :5 look+ at a di/ant object1 ! effect is v annoy+4 ,?is fault arises f ! b>rels ( ! op]a-glass be+ plac$ too f> ap>t1 s t _! optical c5t]s d n co9cide ) ! c5t]s ( ! obs]v]'s eyes4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,v ,,bad ,,field4 ,occasionally1 on acc\nt ( faulty c5t]+ ( ! l5ses1 a d\ble image is giv5 ( objects look$ at1 z illu/rat$ 9 ! accompany+ cut4 ,9 su* a case ! glass is wor?less2 b if ! effect is simply ! addition ( a small1 cresc5t-%ap$ ext5sion on "o side ( ! field ( view )\t any r$uplication1 ! fault may be ov]look$1 ?\gh x is f> bett] to select a glass t gives a p]fectly r\nd field4 ,"s glasses h an arrangem5t = adju/+ ! di/ance betwe5 ! b>rels to suit ! eyes ( diff]5t p]sons1 & x w\ld be well if all 7 made adju/able 9 ! same way4 ,don't buy a *eap glass1 b don't wa/e y\r money on fancy m\nt+s4 ,:at ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,w4 ,webb says ( telescopes is equally true ( op]a-glasses3 ,inf]ior articles may be %[ily got up1 & ! outside mu/ g = no?+4 ,!re are a few mak]s ^: names1 /amp$ ^u ! in/rum5t1 may g5]ally be reg>d$ z a gu>antee ( excell5ce4 ,b ! be/ te/ is t ( actual p]=mance4 ,i h a field-glass :i* ,i f\nd 9 a pawn-%op1 t has no mak]'s "n ^u x1 b 9 "s respects is q capable ( be>+ comp>ison ) ! "w ( ! be/ adv]tis$ opticians4 ,& ?is leads me to say t1 by ! ex]cise ( good judgm5t1 "o may occasionally pur*ase sup]ior glasses at v reasonable prices 9 ! pawn-%ops4 ,ask to be %[n ! old & well-tri$ articles2 y may f9d among !m a second-h& glass ( f9e optical prop]ties4 ,if ! l5ses are n injur$1 "o ne$ n tr\ble "o's self ab\t ! worn appe>ance ( ! outside ( ! in/rum5t2 s mu* ! m evid5ce t somebody has f\nd x well wor? us+4 ,a good field or m>9e glass is 9 "s respects bett] ?an an op]a-glass = cele/ial obs]vations4 ,x possesses a mu* high] magnify+ p[]1 & ?is gives sometimes a decid$ advantage4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 its field ( view is small]1 r5d]+ x m difficult to f9d & hold objects4 ,besides1 x does n pres5t z brilliant views ( scatt]$ />-clu/]s z an op]a-glass does4 ,= ! b5efit ( ^? :o possess field-glasses1 h[ev]1 ,i h includ$ 9 ?is brief survey c]ta9 objects t lie j beyond ! rea* ( op]a-glasses1 b c be se5 ) ! l>g] in/rum5ts4 ,i h ?\ght x advisable 9 ! descriptions ( ! con/ellations :i* foll[ to give "s acc\nt ( _! my?ological orig91 bo? because ( ! hi/orical int]e/ :i* atta*es to x1 & because1 :ile a/ronom]s h long s9ce bani%$ ! con/ellation figures f _! maps1 ! names :i* ! con/ellations cont9ue to be> require "s explanation1 & !y possess a lit]>y & romantic int]e/ :i* c n be altoge!r disreg>d$ 9 a "w t is n int5d$ = purely sci5tific read]s4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,/>s ,,( ,,spr+4 ,hav+ select$ y\r glass1 ! next ?+ is to f9d ! />s4 ,( c\rse1 "o c\ld sweep ov] ! heav5s at r&om on a />ry night & see _m int]e/+ ?+s1 b he w\ld soon tire ( su* aimless occupation4 ,! obs]v] mu/ "k :at he is look+ at 9 ord] to d]ive any real pleasure or satisfaction f ! sight4 ,x really makes no diff]5ce at :at "t ( ! ye> su* obs]vations are begun1 b = conv5i5ce ,i w suppose t !y are begun 9 ! spr+4 ,we c !n foll[ ! revolution ( ! heav5s ?r\gh a ye>1 at ! end ( :i* ! dilig5t obs]v] w h acquir$ a compet5t k ( ! con/ellations4 ,! circul> map1 ,no4 #a1 repres5ts ! appe>ance ( ! heav5s at midnight on ! #a/ ( ,m>*1 at elev5 o'clock on ! #ae? ( ,m>*1 at t5 o'clock on ! #a/ ( ,april1 at n9e o'clock on ! #ae? ( ,april1 & at eight o'clock on ! #a/ ( ,may4 ,! reason :y a s+le map c ?us be made to %[ ! places ( ! />s at diff]5t h\rs 9 diff]5t mon?s w be pla9 ^u a little reflection4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! e>?'s annual j\rney ar\nd ! sun1 ! :ole heav5s make "o app>5t revolution 9 a ye>4 ,?is revolution1 x is cle>1 mu/ be at ! rate ( #cj deg4 9 a mon?1 s9ce ! complete circuit comprises #cfj deg44 ,b1 9 addition to ! annual revolution1 !re is a diurnal revolution ( ! heav5s :i* is caus$ by ! e>?'s daily rotation ^u its axis1 & ?is revolution mu/1 = a simil> reason1 be p]=m$ at ! rate ( #ae deg4 = ea* ( ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,x foll[s t 9 two h\rs ( ! daily revolution ! />s w *ange _! places to ! same ext5t z 9 "o mon? ( ! annual revolution4 ,x foll[s also t1 if "o c\ld wat* ! heav5s ?r\gh\t ! :ole tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & n be int]rupt$ by daylight1 he w\ld behold ! complete circuit ( ! />s j z he w\ld d if1 = a ye>1 he %\ld look at ! heav5s at a p>ticul> h\r e night4 ,suppose t at n9e o'clock on ! #a/ ( ,june we see ! /> ,spica on ! m]idian2 9 consequ5ce ( ! rotation ( ! e>?1 two h\rs lat]1 or at elev5 o'clock1 ,spica w be #cj deg4 we/ ( ! m]idian4 ,b t is j ! position :i* ,spica w\ld occupy at n9e o'clock on ! #a/ ( ,july1 = 9 "o mon? 7suppos+ a mon? to be accurately ! twelf? "p ( a ye>7 ! />s %ift _! places #cj deg4 t[>d ! we/4 ,if1 !n1 we %\ld make a map ( ! />s = n9e o'clock on ! #a/ ( ,july1 x w\ld answ] j z well = elev5 o'clock on ! #a/ ( ,june1 or = sev5 o'clock on ! #a/ ( ,augu/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #a4 ,! c5t] ( ! map is ! z5i?1 or po9t ov]head4 ,! read] mu/ n[ ex]cise 8 imag9ation a little1 = x is impossible to repres5t ! true appe>ance ( ! concave ( ! heav5s on flat pap]4 ,hold+ ! map ov] y\r head1 ) ! po9ts m>k$ ,ea/1 ,we/1 ,nor?1 & ,s\? 9 _! prop] places1 conceive ( x z %ap$ l ! inside ( an op5 umbrella1 ! edge all ar\nd ext5d+ cle> d[n to ! horizon4 ,suppose y are fac+ ! s\?1 !n y w see1 up ne> ! z5i?1 ! con/ellation ( ,leo1 :i* c be readily recogniz$ on ! map by six />s t m>k out ! figure ( a sickle /&+ upright on its h&le4 ,! l>ge /> 9 ! bottom ( ! h&le is ,regulus4 ,hav+ fix$ ! appe>ance & situation ( ?is con/ellation 9 y\r m9d1 g out-(-doors1 face ! s\?1 & try to f9d ! con/ellation 9 ! sky4 ,) a little application y w be sure to succe$4 ,us+ ,leo z a basis ( op]ations1 y\r conque/ ( ! sky w n[ proce$ m rapidly4 ,by ref]5ce to ! map y w be able to recognize ! tw9 />s ( ,gem9i1 s\?we/ ( ! z5i? & high up2 ! brilliant lone />1 ,procyon1 s\? ( ,gem9i2 ! dazzl+ ,sirius1 fla%+ l[ d[n 9 ! s\?we/2 ,orion1 ) all 8 brilliants1 blaz+ 9 ! we/2 r$ ,aldeb>an & ! ,pleiades (f to 8 "r2 & ,capella1 bright z a diamond1 high up above ,orion1 t[>d ! nor?4 ,9 ! s\!a/ y w recognize ! quadrilat]al ( ,corvus1 ) ! rem>kably :ite /> ,spica glitt]+ ea/ ( x4 ,next face ! nor?4 ,if y are n j sure :]e nor? is1 try a pocket-compass4 ,?is advice is by no means unnecess>y1 = !re are _m intellig5t p]sons :o are unable to indicate true nor? )9 _m degrees1 ?\gh /&+ on _! own door/ep4 ,hav+ f\nd ! nor? po9t z ne> z y c1 look upw>d ab\t =ty degrees f ! horizon1 & y w see ! lone tw9kl] call$ ! nor? or pole />4 ,=ty degrees is a little less ?an half-way f ! horizon to ! z5i?4 ,by ! aid ( ! map1 aga91 y w be able to f9d1 high up 9 ! nor!a/1 ne> ! z5i?1 ! l>ge dipp]-%ap$ figure 9 ,ursa ,major1 &1 :5 y h once notic$ t ! two />s 9 ! out] edge ( ! b[l ( ! ,dipp] po9t almo/ directly to ! pole-/>1 y w h an unfail+ means ( pick+ out ! latt] /> h]eaft]1 :5 9 d\bt4,a ,cont9u+ ! curve ( ! ,dipp]-h&le1 9 ! nor!a/1 y\r eye w be l$ to a bright r$di% />1 :i* is ,arcturus1 9 ! con/ellation ,booetes4 ,a ,let ! read] rememb] t ! di/ance betwe5 ! two />s 9 ! brim ( ! b[l ( ! ,dipp] is ab\t t5 degrees1 & he w h a measur+-/ick t he c apply 9 e/imat+ o!r di/ances 9 ! heav5s4 ,9 ! same way y w be able to f9d ! con/ellations ,cassiopeia1 ,cepheus1 ,draco1 & ,p]seus4 ,don't expect to accompli% x all 9 an h\r4 ,y may h to devote two or ?ree ev5+s to su* obs]vation1 & make _m trips indoors to consult ! map1 be=e y h ma/]$ ! subject2 b :5 y h done x y w feel amply repaid = y\r ex]tions1 & y w h made = y\rself sil5t fri5ds 9 ! heav5s t w beam k9dly ^u y1 l old neighbors1 on :atev] side ( ! _w y may w&]4 ,hav+ fix$ ! g5]al outl9es & location ( ! con/ellations 9 y\r m9d1 & le>n$ to recognize ! *ief />s1 take y\r op]a-glass & beg9 ) ! con/ellation ,leo & ! /> ,regulus4 ,contrive to h "s conv5i5t re/ = y\r arms 9 hold+ ! glass1 & ?us obta9 n only com=t b /ead9ess ( vision4 ,a lazy-back *air makes a capital obs]v+-seat4 ,be v p>ticul>1 too1 to get a %>p focus4 ,rememb] t no two p]sons' eyes are alike1 & t ev5 ! eyes ( ! same obs]v] occasionally require a *ange4 ,9 look+ = a difficult object1 ,i h sometimes sudd5ly br\ght ! s\ght-= ph5om5on into view by a slight turn ( ! focus+-screw4 ,y w at once be gratifi$ by ! increas$ brilliancy ( ! /> z se5 by ! glass4 ,if ! night is cle>1 x w gl[ l a diamond4 ,yet ,regulus1 al?\gh rank$ z a fir/-magnitude />1 & ( great repute among ! anci5t a/rolog]s1 is f> inf]ior 9 brilliancy to su* />s z ,capella & ,arcturus1 to say no?+ ( ,sirius4 ,by consult+ map ,no4 #b y w next be able to f9d ! celebrat$ /> be>+ ! "n ( ! ,greek lett] ,gamma 7gamma74 ,if y _h a telescope1 y w\ld see ?is /> z a close & beautiful d\ble1 ( contra/$ colors4 ,b x is optically d\ble1 ev5 ) an op]a-glass4 ,y c n fail to see a small /> ne> x1 look+ q close if ! magnify+ p[] ( y\r glass is less ?an ?ree times4 ,y w be /ruck by ! surpris+ *ange ( color 9 turn+ f ,regulus to ,gamma--! =m] is :ite & ! latt] deep yell[4 ,x w be well to look fir/ at "o & !n at ! o!r1 sev]al times1 = ?is is a good in/ance ( :at y w meet ) _m times 9 y\r future surveys ( ! heav5s--a /rik+ contra/ ( color 9 neighbor+ />s4 ,"o c ?us compreh5d t !re is m ?an "o s5se 9 :i* to und]/& ! ,scriptural decl>ation t "o /> diff]e? f ano!r 9 glory4 ,! radiant po9t ( ! fam\s ,novemb] meteors1 :i*1 9 #ahcc & #ahff1 fill$ ! sky ) fi]y %[]s1 is ne> ,gamma4 ,turn next to ! /> 9 ,leo m>k$ ,zeta 7zeta74 ,if y\r glass is a pretty l>ge & good "o1 & y\r eye ke51 y w easily see ?ree m9ute companion />s keep+ company ) ,zeta1 two on ! s\!a/1 & "o1 mu* clos]1 t[>d ! nor?4 ,! ne>e/ ( ! two on ! s\? is fa9t1 be+ only betwe5 ! eigh? & n9? magnitude1 & w probably sev]ely te/ y\r p[]s ( vision4 ,next look at ,epsilon 7epsilon71 & y w f9d ne> x two sev5?-magnitude companions1 mak+ a beautiful little triangle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #b4 ,away at ! ea/]n end ( ! con/ellation1 9 ! tail ( ! imag9>y ,lion1 ^u ^: brea/ %9es ,regulus1 is ! /> ,beta 7beta7 ,leonis1 also call$ ,d5ebola4 ,x is almo/ z bright z its lead]1 ,regulus1 & y w probably be able to cat* a t+e ( blue 9 its rays4 ,s\? ( ,d5ebola1 at a di/ance ( n9ete5 m9utes ( arc1 or some:at m ?an half ! app>5t diamet] ( ! moon1 y w see a little /> ( ! six? magnitude1 :i* is "o ( ! sev]al companions = :i* ,d5ebola is celebrat$4 ,!re is ano!r /> ( ! eigh? magnitude 9 ! same direction f ,d5ebola1 b at a di/ance ( less ?an five m9utes1 & ?is y may be able to glimpse ) a p[]ful field-glass1 "u favorable conditions4 ,i h se5 x well ) a field-glass ( #a4f-;in* ap]ture1 & a magnify+ p[] ( sev5 times4 ,b x requires an exp]i5c$ eye & /eady vision to cat* ?is %y tw9kl]4 ,:5 look+ = a fa9t & difficult object1 ! plan pursu$ by telescopi/s is to av]t ! eye f ! precise po9t ^u :i* ! att5tion is fix$1 9 ord] to br+ a m s5sitive "p ( ! ret9a into play ?an t usually employ$4 ,look t[>d ! edge ( ! field ( view1 :ile ! object y are seek+ is 9 ! c5t]1 & !n1 if x c be se5 at all ) y\r glass1 y w cat* sight ( x1 z x 71 out ( ! corn] ( y\r eye4 ,! effect ( see+ a fa9t /> 9 ?is way1 9 ! neighborhood ( a l>ge "o1 ^: rays hide x f direct vision1 is sometimes v amus+4 ,! little /> seems to d>t out into view z ?r\gh a curta91 p]fectly di/9ct1 ?\gh z immeasurably m9ute z ! po9t ( a ne$le4 ,b ! in/ant y direct y\r eyes /raight at x1 pre/o6 x is gone4 ,& s x w dodge 9 & out ( sight z (t5 z y turn y\r eyes4 ,if y w sweep c>efully ov] ! :ole ext5t ( ,leo1 ^: *ief />s are m>k$ ) _! ,greek-lett] names on our little map1 y w be impress$ ) ! p[] ( y\r glass to br+ into sight _m fa9t />s 9 regions t seem b>r5 to ! nak$ eye4 ,an op]a-glass ( #a4e ap]ture w %[ t5 times z _m />s z ! nak$ eye c see4 ,a ^w ab\t ! ,lion :i* ?is con/ellation is suppos$ to repres5t4 ,x requires a vivid imag9ation to p]ceive ! outl9es ( ! cele/ial k+ ( bea/s among ! />s1 & yet somebody taught ! p ( anci5t ,india & ! old ,egyptians to see him !re1 & !re he has rema9$ s9ce ! dawn ( hi/ory4 ,mod]n a/ronom]s /rike him out ( _! *>ts1 toge!r ) all ! picturesque multitude ( bea/s & birds & m5 & wom5 t be> him company1 b !y c n altoge!r bani% him1 or any ( 8 cong5]s1 = ! old names1 &1 practically1 ! old outl9es ( ! con/ellations are reta9$1 & always w be reta9$4 ,! ,lion is ! mo/ conspicu\s figure 9 ! celebrat$ zodiac ( ,d5d]a2 &1 inde$1 !re is evid5ce t be=e ! /ory ( ,h]cules & 8 labors 0 told ?is lion 0 already imag9$ %9+ among ! />s4 ,x 0 *>act]i/ic ( ! ,greeks t !y seiz$ him = _! own1 & tri$ to rob him ( 8 real antiquity by pret5d+ t ,jupit] _h plac$ him among ! />s 9 commemoration ( ,h]cules's victory ov] ! ,nemaean lion4 ,9 ! ,hebrew zodiac ,leo repres5t$ ! ,lion ( ,judah4 ,x 0 ?us always a lion t ! anci5ts ?\ght !y saw 9 ?is con/ellation4 ,9 ! old />-maps ! ,lion is repres5t$ z 9 ! act ( spr++ ^u 8 prey4 ,8 face is to ! we/1 & ! /> ,regulus is 9 8 he>t4 ,! sickle-%ap$ figure cov]s 8 brea/ & head1 ,gamma be+ 9 ! %\ld]1 ,zeta 9 ! mane ( ! neck1 ,mu & ,epsilon 9 ! *eek1 & ,lambda 9 ! jaws4 ,! =e-paws are drawn up to ! brea/ & repres5t$ by ! />s ,zi & ,omicron4 ,d5ebola is 9 ! tuft ( ! tail4 ,! h9d-legs are ext5d$ d[nw>d at full l5g?1 9 ! act ( spr++4 ,/>t+ f ! /> ,delta 9 ! hip1 ! r[ consi/+ ( ,!ta1 ,iota1 ,tau1 & ,upsilon1 %[s ! l9e ( ! h9d-legs4 ,leo _h an unsavory reputation among ! anci5ts because ( 8 suppos$ influ5ce ^u ! wea!r4 ,! greate/ heat ( summ] 0 felt :5 ! sun 0 9 ?is con/ellation3 ,mo/ scor*+ is ! *>iot ( ! ,sun1 ,& wav+ spikes no long] hide ! furr[s ,:5 he beg9s to travel ) ! ,lion4 ,look+ n[ we/w>dly f ! ,sickle ( ,leo1 at a di/ance ab\t equal to twice ! l5g? ( ! ,sickle1 y\r eye w be caught by a small silv]y spot 9 ! sky ly+ ne>ly betwe5 two r fa9t />s4 ,?is is ! fam\s ,praesepe1 or ,mang]1 9 ! c5t] ( ! con/ellation ,canc]4 ,! two />s on ei!r side ( x are call$ ! ,aselli1 or ! ,ass's ,colts1 & ! imag9ation ( ! anci5ts pictur$ !m fe$+ f _! silv] mang]4 ,turn y\r glass ^u ! ,mang] & y w see t x consi/s ( a cr[d ( little />s1 s small & num]\s t y w probably n und]take to c\nt !m1 unless y are us+ a l>ge field-glass4 ,galileo has left a delightful description ( 8 surprise & gratification :5 he aim$ 8 telescope at ?is curi\s clu/] & o!r simil> aggregations ( />s & discov]$ :at !y really 74 ,us+ 8 be/ in/rum5t1 he 0 able to c\nt ?irty-six />s 9 ! ,mang]4 ,! ,mang] 0 a fam\s wea!r-sign 9 old5 times1 & ,aratus1 9 8 ,diosemia1 advises 8 read]s to-- 444 wat* ! ,mang]3 l a little mi/ ,f> nor? 9 ,canc]'s t]ritory x floats4 ,its conf9es are two fa9tly glimm]+ />s2 ,^! are two asses t a mang] p>ts1 ,:i* sudd5ly1 :5 all ! sky is cle>1 ,sometimes q vani%es1 & ! two />s ,seem to h clos] mov$ _! sund]$ orbs4 ,no feeble tempe/ !n w soak ! leas2 ,a murky mang] ) bo? />s ,%9+ unalt]$ is a sign ( ra94 ,l o!r old wea!r-saws1 ?is probably possesses a gleam ( s5se1 = x is only :5 ! atmosph]e is p]fectly transp>5t t ! ,mang] c be cle>ly se52 :5 ! air is ?ick ) mi/1 ! h>b+] ( com+ /orm1 x fades f sight4 ,! con/ellation ,canc]1 or ! ,crab1 0 repres5t$ by ! ,egyptians "u ! figure ( a sc>abaeus4 ,! obs]v] w probably ?9k t x is z easy to see a beetle z a crab !re4 ,canc]1 l ,leo1 is "o ( ! twelve con/ellations ( ! ,zodiac1 ! "n appli$ to ! imag9>y zone #af deg4 degrees wide & ext5d+ completely ar\nd ! heav5s1 ! c5t] ( :i* is ! ecliptic or annual pa? ( ! sun4 ,! names ( ^! zodiacal con/ellations1 9 _! ord]1 beg9n+ at ! we/ & c\nt+ r\nd ! circle1 are3 ,aries1 ,taurus1 ,gem9i1 ,canc]1 ,leo1 ,virgo1 ,libra1 ,scorpio1 ,sagitt>ius1 ,capricornus1 ,aqu>ius1 & ,pisces4 ,canc] has giv5 its "n to ! circle call$ ! ,tropic ( ,canc]1 :i* indicates ! greate/ nor!rly decl9ation ( ! sun 9 summ]1 & :i* he atta9s on ! #ba/ or #bb;d ( ,june4 ,b1 9 consequ5ce ( ! precession ( ! equ9oxes1 all ( ! zodiacal con/ellations are cont9ually %ift+ t[>d ! ea/1 & ,canc] has pass$ away f ! place ( ! summ] sol/ice1 :i* is n[ to be f\nd 9 ,gem9i4 ,bel[ ! ,mang]1 a little way t[>d ! s\?1 y\r eye w be caught by a gr\p ( f\r or five />s ( ab\t ! same brightness z ! ,aselli4 ,?is m>ks ! head ( ,hydra1 & ! glass w %[ a /rik+ & beautiful geometrical arrangem5t ( ! />s compos+ x4 ,hydra is a v long con/ellation1 & tr5d+ s\?w>d & ea/w>d f ! head x passes und]nea? ,leo1 &1 sweep+ pretty close d[n to ! horizon1 w9ds away "u ,corvus1 ! tail rea*+ to ! ea/]n horizon4 ,! l5g? ( ?is skyey s]p5t is ab\t #ajj deg44 ,its />s are all fa9t1 except ,alph>d1 or ! ,hydra's ,he>t1 a second-magnitude />1 rem>kable = its lonely situation1 s\?we/ ( ,regulus4 ,a l9e f ,gamma ,leonis ?r\gh ,regulus po9ts x out4 ,x is wor? look+ at ) ! glass on acc\nt ( its ri* orange-t9t4 ,hydra is fabl$ to be ! hundr$-head$ mon/] t 0 sla9 by ,h]cules4 ,x mu/ be confess$ t !re is no?+ v mon/r\s ab\t x n[ except its l5g?4 ,! mo/ timid c look ^u x )\t suspect+ its grisly orig94 ,com+ back to ! ,mang] z a />t+-po9t1 look well up to ! nor? & we/1 & at a di/ance some:at less ?an t betwe5 ,regulus & ! ,mang] y w see a pair ( fir/-magnitude />s1 :i* y w h>dly ne$ to be in=m$ are ! celebrat$ ,tw9s1 f :i* ! con/ellation ,gem9i takes its "n4 ,! /> m>k$ alpha 9 ! map is ,ca/or1 & ! /> m>k$ beta is ,pollux4 ,no classical read] ne$s to be rem9d$ ( ! romantic orig9 ( ^! names4 ,a %>p contra/ 9 ! color ( ,ca/or & ,pollux comes out z soon z ! glass is turn$ ^u !m4 ,ca/or is :ite1 ) occasionally1 p]haps1 a suspicion ( a gre5 ray 9 its light4 ,pollux is deep yell[4 ,ca/or is a celebrat$ d\ble />1 b its compon5ts are f> too close to be sep>at$ ) an op]a-glass1 or ev5 ! mo/ p[]ful field-glass4 ,y w be at once int]e/$ by ! s+ul> cortege ( small />s by :i* bo? ,ca/or & ,pollux are surr\nd$4 ,^! little att5dant />s1 = su* !y seem1 are array$ 9 symmetrical gr\ps--pairs1 triangles1 & o!r figures--:i*1 x seems difficult to believe1 c\ld be un9t5tional1 al?\gh x w\ld be /ill m difficult to sugge/ any reason :y !y %\ld be arrang$ 9 t way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #c4 ,our map w %[ y ! position ( ! pr9cipal />s ( ! con/ellation4 ,ca/or & ,pollux are 9 ! heads ( ! ,tw9s1 :ile ! r[ ( />s %[n 9 ! map ,xi 7xi71 ,gamma 7gamma71 ,nu 7nu71 ,mu 7mu71 & ,eta 7eta71 m>ks _! feet1 :i* are dipp$ 9 ! edge ( ! ,milky-,way4 ,"o c sp5d a pr(itable & pleasurable half-h\r 9 explor+ ! wond]s ( ,gem9i4 ,! :ole con/ellation1 f head to foot1 is gemm$ ) />s :i* escape ! nak$ eye1 b x sp>kles l a bead-spangl$ g>m5t :5 view$ ) ! glass4 ,ow+ to ! pres5ce ( ! ,milky-,way1 ! spectacle ar\nd ! feet ( ! ,tw9s is p>ticul>ly magnific5t4 ,& "h ! possessor ( a good op]a-glass c get a f9e view ( a celebrat$ />-clu/] kn[n 9 ! catalogues z #ce ,m4 ,x is situat$ a little di/ance nor?we/ ( ! /> ,eta1 & is visible to ! nak$ eye1 on a cle>1 moonless night1 z a nebul\s speck4 ,) a good glass y w see two wond]ful /reams ( little />s />t+1 "o f ,eta & ! o!r f ,mu1 & runn+ p>allel t[>d ! nor?we/2 #ce ,m is situat$ betwe5 ^! />-/reams4 ,! />s 9 ! clu/] are s closely aggregat$ t y w be able to cle>ly sep>ate only ! outly+ ones4 ,! g5]al aspect is l t ( a piece ( fro/$ silv] ov] :i* a tw9kl+ light is play+4 ,a field-glass br+s out m ( ! compon5t />s4 ,! spl5dor ( ?is />ry congregation1 view$ ) a p[]ful telescope1 may be guess$ at f ,admiral ,smy?'s picturesque description3 ,x pres5ts a gorge\s field ( />s1 f ! n9? to ! sixte5? magnitude1 b ) ! c5t] ( ! mass less ri* ?an ! re/4 ,f ! small />s be+ incl9$ to =m curves ( ?ree or f\r1 & (t5 ) a l>ge "o at ! root ( ! curve1 x some:at rem9ds "o ( ! bur/+ ( a sky-rocket4 ,& ,webb adds t !re is an elegant fe/oon ne> ! c5t]1 />t+ ) a r$di% />4 ,no "o c gaze ^u ?is m>vel\s ph5om5on1 ev5 ) ! comp>atively l[ p[]s ( an op]a-glass1 & reflect t all ^! sw>m+ dots ( light are really suns1 )\t a /unn+ s5se ( ! imm5sity ( ! mat]ial univ]se4 ,x is an int]e/+ fact t ! summ] sol/ice1 or ! po9t :i* ! sun occupies :5 x atta9s its greate/ nor!rly decl9ation1 on ! longe/ day ( ! ye>1 is close by ?is great clu/] 9 ,gem9i4 ,9 ! gl>e ( ! sun%9e ^? sw>m+ />s are !n conceal$ f our sight1 b ) ! m9d's eye we c look pa/ & beyond our sun1 across ! incompreh5sible *asm ( space1 & behold !m /ill %9+1 _! comm+l$ rays mak+ our great ,god ( ,day seem b a lonely w&]] 9 ! expanse ( ! univ]se4 ,x 0 only a %ort di/ance s\?we/ ( ?is clu/] t "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ discov]ies 9 a/ronomy 0 made4 ,!re1 on ! ev5+ ( ,m>* #ac1 #agha1 ,william ,h]s*el obs]v$ a /> ^: s+ul> aspect l$ him to put a high] magnify+ p[] on 8 telescope4 ,! high] p[] %[$ t ! object 0 n a /> b a planet1 or a comet1 z ,h]s*el at fir/ suppos$4 ,x 0 ! planet ,uranus1 ^: discov]y at "o /roke d\bl$ ! bread? ( ! sun's dom9ions4 ,! con/ellation ( ,gem9i1 z ! names ( its two *ief />s indicate1 _h its orig9 9 ! classic /ory ( ! tw9 sons ( ,jupit] & ,l$a3 ,fair ,l$a's tw9s1 9 "t to />s decre$1 ,"o f\ght on foot1 "o curb$ ! fi]y /e$4 ,ca/or & ,pollux 7 reg>d$ by bo? ! ,greeks & ! ,romans z ! patrons ( navigation1 & ?is fact crops out v curi\sly 9 ! adv5tures ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,aft] 8 disa/r\s %ipwreck on ! isl& ( ,melita he emb>k$ aga9 on a m prosp]\s voyage 9 a %ip be>+ ! "n ( ^! v bro!rs4 ,& aft] ?ree mon?s1 writes ! celebrat$ apo/le 7,acts xxviii1 #aa7 we dep>t$ 9 a %ip ( ,alex&ria1 :i* _h w9t]$ 9 ! isle1 ^: sign 0 ,ca/or & ,pollux4 ,we may be c]ta9 t ,paul 0 acqua9t$ ) ! con/ellation ( ,gem9i1 n only because he 0 skill$ 9 ! le>n+ ( 8 times1 b because1 9 8 spee* on ,m>s ,hill1 he quot$ a l9e f ! op5+ /anzas ( ,aratus's ,ph5om5a1 a poem 9 :i* ! con/ellations are describ$4 ,! map w enable y next to f9d ,procyon1 or ! ,little ,dog-,/>1 m ?an tw5ty degrees s\? ( ,ca/or & ,pollux1 & almo/ directly bel[ ! ,mang]4 ,?is /> w int]e/ y by its gold5-yell[ color & its brightness1 al?\gh x is f> inf]ior 9 ! latt] respect to ,sirius1 or ! ,great ,dog-,/>1 :i* y w see fla%+ spl5didly f> d[n b5ea? ,procyon 9 ! s\?we/4 ,ab\t f\r degrees nor?we/ ( ,procyon is a ?ird-magnitude />1 call$ ,gomelza1 & ! glass w %[ y two small />s :i* make a "r-angl$ triangle ) x1 ! ne>] "o be+ rem>kable = its ruddy color4 ,procyon is especially int]e/+ because x is att5d$ by an invisible />1 :i*1 :ile x has escap$ all ef=ts to detect x ) p[]ful telescopes1 nev]!less reveals its pres5ce by ! effect ( its attraction ^u ,procyon4 ,x is a curi\s fact t bo? ( ! s-call$ ,dog-,/>s are ?us att5d$ by obscure or dusky companion-/>s1 :i*1 not)/&+ _! lack ( lum9osity1 are ( great magnitude4 ,9 ! case ( ,sirius1 ! improvem5t 9 telescopes has br\ght ! my/]i\s att5dant into view1 b ,procyon's mate rema9s hidd5 f our eyes4 ,b x c n escape ! k5 ( ! ma!matician1 ^: p5etrat+ m5tal vision has1 9 m ?an "o in/ance1 out/ripp$ ! discov]ies ( ! telescope4 ,almo/ half a c5tury ago ! fam\s ,bessel ann\nc$ 8 conclusion--9 ! light ( lat] developm5ts x may well be call$ discov]y--t bo? ,sirius & ,procyon 7 b9>y sy/ems1 consi/+ ea* ( a visible & an invisible />4 ,he calculat$ ! probable p]iod ( revolution1 & f\nd x to be1 9 ea* case1 approximately fifty ye>s4 ,sixte5 ye>s aft] ,bessel's dea?1 "o ( ,alvan ,cl>k's unrival$ telescopes at la/ reveal$ ! /range companion ( ,sirius1 a huge body1 half z massive z ! giant ,dog-,/> itself1 b t5 ?\s& times less brilliant1 & m rec5t obs]vations h %[n t its p]iod ( revolution is )9 six or sev5 mon?s ( ! fifty ye>s assign$ by ,bessel4 ,if "s ( ! enorm\s telescopes t h be5 con/ruct$ 9 ! pa/ few ye>s %\ld succe$ 9 r5d]+ ,procyon's companion visible also1 x is highly probable t ,bessel's pr$iction w\ld receive ano!r sub/antial fulfillm5t4 ,! my?ological hi/ory ( ,canis ,m9or is some:at obscure4 ,accord+ to v>i\s acc\nts x repres5ts "o ( ,diana's hunt+-dogs1 "o ( ,orion's h\nds1 ! ,egyptian dog-head$ god ,anubis1 & "o ( ! dogs t dev\r$ _! ma/] ,actaeon aft] ,diana _h turn$ him into a /ag4 ,! my/ical ,dr4 ,seiss leaves all ! anci5t my?-mak]s f> 9 ! re>1 & advances a v curi\s !ory ( 8 own ab\t ?is con/ellation1 9 8 ,gospel 9 ! ,/>s1 :i* is wor? quot+ z an example ( ! grotesque fancies t ev5 9 our day sometimes possess ! m9ds ( m5 :5 !y v5ture beyond ! safe conf9es ( ?is t]raque\s globe4 ,aft] summ>iz+ ! v>i\s my?s we h m5tion$1 he proce$s to id5tify ,procyon1 putt+ ! "n ( ! *ief /> = ! con/ellation1 z ! />ry symbol ( ^? heav5ly armies :i* came =? along ) ! ,k+ ( k+s & ,"l ( lords to ! battle ( ! great day ( ,god ,almighty1 to make an end ( misrule & usurpation on e>?1 & cle> x ( all ! wild bea/s :i* h be5 deva/at+ x = ^! _m ages4 ,! read] w wond] all ! m at ?is rhapsody aft] he has succe$$ 9 pick+ out ! mode/ ,little ,dog 9 ! sky4 ,sirius1 ,orion1 ,aldeb>an1 & ! ,pleiades1 all ( :i* y w p]ceive 9 ! we/ & s\?we/1 are g5]ally too mu* involv$ 9 ! mi/s ( ! horizon to be se5 to ! be/ advantage at ?is season1 al?\gh x w pay y to take a look ?r\gh ! glass at ,sirius4 ,b ! spl5did /> ,capella1 9 ! con/ellation ,auriga1 may claim a mom5t's att5tion4 ,y w f9d x high up 9 ! nor?we/1 half-way betwe5 ,orion & ! pole-/>1 & to ! "r ( ! ,tw9s4 ,x has no rival ne>1 & its creamy-:ite light makes x "o ( ! mo/ beautiful z well z "o ( ! mo/ brilliant />s 9 ! heav5s4 ,its con/itution1 z reveal$ by ! spectroscope1 resembles t ( our sun1 b ! sun w\ld make b a sorry figure if remov$ to ! side ( ?is giant />4 ,ab\t sev5 & a half degrees above ,capella1 & a little to ! left1 y w see a second-magnitude /> call$ ,m5kal9a4 ,two & a half times z f> to ! left1 or s\?1 9 ! direction ( ,orion1 is ano!r /> ( equal brightness to ,m5kal9a4 ,?is is ,el ,na?1 & m>ks ! place :]e ! foot ( ,auriga1 or ! ,*>iote]1 re/s ^u ! po9t ( ! horn ( ,taurus4 ,capella1 ,m5kal9a1 & ,el ,na? make a long triangle :i* cov]s ! c5tral "p ( ,auriga4 ,! nak$ eye %[s two or ?ree mi/y-look+ spots )9 ?is triangle1 "o to ! "r ( ,el ,na?1 "o 9 ! upp] or ea/]n "p ( ! con/ellation1 ne> ! ?ird-magnitude /> ,!ta 7!ta71 & ano!r on a l9e drawn f ,capella to ,el ,na?1 b mu* ne>] to ,capella4 ,turn y\r glass ^u ^! spots1 & y w be delight$ by ! beauty ( ! little />s to ^: unit$ rays !y are due4 ,el ,na? has ar\nd x "s v rem>kable r[s ( small />s1 & ! :ole con/ellation ( ,auriga1 l t ( ,gem9i1 glitt]s ) />-du/1 = ! ,milky-,way runs directly ?r\gh x4 ,) a p[]ful field-glass y may try a glimpse at ! ri* />-clu/]s m>k$ #ch ,m1 #cg ,m1 & #ccg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #d4 ,! my?ology ( ,auriga is n cle>1 b ! anci5ts seem to h be5 ( "o m9d 9 reg>d+ ! con/ellation z repres5t+ ! figure ( a man c>ry+ a goat & h] two kids 9 8 arms4 ,auriga 0 also look$ ^u z a b5efic5t con/ellation1 & ! goat & kids 7 believ$ to be on ! wat* to rescue %ipwreck$ sailors4 ,z ,capella1 :i* repres5ts ! fabl$ goat1 %9es ne>ly ov]head 9 w9t]1 & w\ld ord9>ily be ! fir/ bright /> to beam d[n ?r\gh ! break+ cl\ds ( a /orm at t season1 x is n difficult to imag9e h[ x got its reputation z ! seaman's fri5d4 ,dr4 ,seiss has s spirit$ a description ( ! imag9>y figure conta9$ 9 ?is con/ellation t ,i c n refra9 f quot+ x3 ,! figure itself is t ( a mighty man seat$ on ! ,milky-,way1 hold+ a b& or ribbon 9 8 "r h&1 & ) 8 left arm hold+ up on 8 %\ld] a %e-goat :i* cl+s to 8 neck & looks out 9 a/oni%m5t ^u ! t]rible bull2 :ile 9 8 lap are two fright5$ little kids :i* he supports ) 8 great h&4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to add t ,dr4 ,seiss insi/s t ,auriga1 z a con/ellation1 0 inv5t$ long be=e ! "t ( ! ,greeks1 & 0 int5d$ prophetically to repres5t t ,good ,%eph]d :o 0 to come & rescue ! s9ful _w4 ,if any read] wi%es to ex]cise 8 fancy by try+ to trace ! outl9es ( ?is figure1 he w f9d ! head ( ,auriga m>k$ by ! /> ,delta 7delta7 & ! little gr\p ne> x4 ,capella1 9 ! he>t ( ! ,goat1 is j bel[ 8 left %\ld]1 & ,m5kal9a m>ks 8 "r %\ld]4 ,el ,na? is 9 8 "r foot1 & ,iota 7iota7 9 8 left foot4 ,! />s ,epsilon 7epsilon71 ,zeta 7zeta71 ,eta 7eta71 & ,lambda 7lambda7 %9e 9 ! kids :i* lie 9 ,auriga's lap4 ,! fa9t />s scatt]$ ov] ! ea/]n "p ( ! con/ellation are sometimes repres5t$ z =m+ a :ip ) _m la%es1 :i* ! giant fl\ri%es ) 8 "r h&4 ,let u turn back to ,d5ebola 9 ! ,lion's ,tail4 ,n[ glance f x d[n into ! s\!a/1 & y w see a brilliant /> fla%+ well above ! horizon4 ,?is is ,spica1 ! *ief tw9kl] ( ,virgo1 & x is m>k$ on our circul> map4 ,!n look into ! nor?we/1 & at ab\t ! same di/ance f ,d5ebola1 b high] above ! horizon ?an ,spica1 y w cat* ! sp>kl+ ( a l>ge1 r$di% />4 ,x is ,arcturus 9 ,booetes4 ,! ?ree1 ,d5ebola1 ,spica1 & ,arcturus1 m>k ! corn]s ( a great equilat]al triangle4 ,ne>ly on a l9e betwe5 ,d5ebola & ,arcturus1 & some:at ne>] to ! =m]1 y w p]ceive a curi\s tw9kl+1 z if gossam]s spangl$ ) dew-drops 7 entangl$ !re4 ,"o might ?9k ! old woman ( ! nurs]y rhyme :o w5t to sweep ! cobwebs out ( ! sky _h skipp$ ?is corn]1 or else t its delicate beauty _h pres]v$ x ev5 f h] h\sewifely in/9cts4 ,?is is ! little con/ellation call$ ,b]5ice's ,hair4 ,y\r op]a-glass w enable y to c\nt tw5ty or ?irty ( ! l>ge/ />s compos+ ?is clu/]1 :i* are arrang$1 z s (t5 happ5s1 ) a /rik+ appe>ance ( geometrical design4 ,! con/ellation has a v romantic hi/ory4 ,x is relat$ t ! "y ,que5 ,b]5ice1 :5 h] husb& 0 call$ away to ! w>s1 v[$ to sacrifice h] beautiful tresses to ,v5us if he return$ victori\s ov] 8 enemies4 ,he did return home 9 triumph1 & ,b]5ice1 true to h] v[1 cut (f h] hair & bore x to ! ,temple ( ,v5us4 ,b ! same night x disappe>$4 ,! k+ 0 furi\s1 & ! que5 wept bitt]ly ov] ! loss4 ,!re is no tell+ :at might h happ5$ to ! gu>dians ( ! temple1 _h n a celebrat$ a/ronom] nam$ ,conon l$ ! "y k+ & que5 aside 9 ! ev5+ & %[$ !m ! miss+ locks %9+ transfigur$ 9 ! sky4 ,he assur$ !m t ,v5us _h plac$ ,b]5ice's lu/r\s r+lets among ! />s1 &1 z !y 7 n skill$ 9 cele/ial lore1 !y 7 q ready to believe t ! silv]y sw>m !y saw ne> ,arcturus _h nev] be5 !re be=e4 ,& s = c5turies ! _w has recogniz$ ! con/ellation ( ,b]5ice's ,hair4 ,look next at ,corvus & ,crat]1 ! ,cr[ & ! ,cup1 two little con/ellations :i* y w discov] on ! circul> map1 & ( :i* we give a sep>ate repres5tation 9 ,map #e4 ,y w f9d t ! />s ,delta 7delta7 & ,eta 7eta71 9 ! upp] left-h& corn] ( ! quadrilat]al figure ( ,corvus1 make a /rik+ appe>ance4 ,! little /> ,zeta 7zeta7 is a v pretty d\ble = an op]a-glass4 ,!re is a v fa9t pair ( />s close bel[ & to ! "r ( ,beta 7beta74 ,?is =ms a sev]e te/4 ,only a good op]a-glass w %[ ^! two />s z a s+le fa9t po9t ( light4 ,a field-glass1 h[ev]1 w %[ bo?1 "o be+ consid]ably fa9t] ?an ! o!r4 ,crat] is wor? sweep+ ov] = ! pretty comb9ations ( />s to be f\nd 9 x4 ,y w obs]ve t ! int]m9able ,hydra ext5ds 8 l5g!n+ coils along "u bo? ( ! con/ellations4 ,9 fact1 bo? ! ,cup & ! ,cr[ are repres5t$ z /&+ ^u ! huge s]p5t4 ,! outl9es ( a cup are tol]ably well indicat$ by ! />s includ$ "u ! "n ,crat]1 b ! con/ellation ( ! ,cr[ might z well h borne any o!r "n s f> z any traceable lik5ess is conc]n$4 ,"o ( ! leg5ds conc]n+ ,corvus av]s t x is ! daught] ( ! ,k+ ( ,phocis1 :o 0 trans=m$ into a cr[ to escape ! pursuit ( ,neptune4 ,%e is c]ta9ly safe 9 h] pres5t guise4 ,arcturus & ,spica1 & _! companions1 may be left = obs]vation to a m conv5i5t season1 :51 hav+ ris5 high]1 !y c be /udi$ to bett] advantage4 ,x w be well1 h[ev]1 to m]ely glance at !m ) ! glass 9 ord] to note ! great diff]5ce ( color--,spica be+ brilliantly :ite & ,arcturus almo/ r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #e4 ,we w n[ turn to ! nor?4 ,y h already be5 told h[ to f9d ! pole-/>4 ,look at x ) y\r glass4 ,! pole-/> is a fam\s d\ble1 b its m9ute companion c only be se5 ) a telescope4 ,z s (t5 happ5s1 h[ev]1 x has ano!r companion = ! op]a-glass1 & ?is latt] is suffici5tly close & small to make an int]e/+ te/ = an inexp]i5c$ obs]v] arm$ ) a glass ( small p[]4 ,x mu/ be look$ = pretty close to ! rays ( ! l>ge />1 ) su* a glass4 ,x is ( ! sev5? magnitude4 ,) a l>ge field-glass sev]al small] companions may be se51 & a v excell5t glass may %[ an #h4e-magnitude /> almo/ hidd5 9 ! rays ( ! sev5?-magnitude companion4 ,) ! aid ( map ,no4 #f f9d 9 ,ursa ,m9or1 :i* is ! con/ellation to :i* ! pole-/> belongs1 ! /> ,beta 7beta71 :i* is also call$ ,ko*ab 7! /> m>k$ alpha 9 ! map is ! pole-/>74 ,ko*ab has a pair ( fa9t />s ne>ly nor? ( x1 ab\t "o degree di/ant4 ,) a small glass ^! may appe> z a s+le />1 b a /rong] glass w %[ !m sep>ately4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #f4 ,& n[ = ,ursa ,major & ! ,great ,dipp]--,draco1 ,cepheus1 ,cassiopeia1 & ! o!r con/ellations repres5t$ on ! circul> map1 be+ r too ne> ! horizon = effective obs]vation at ?is "t ( ! ye>4 ,fir/1 z ! easie/ object1 look at ! /> 9 ! middle ( ! h&le ( ! ,dipp] 7?is h&le =ms ! tail ( ,ursa ,major71 & a little att5tion w %[ y1 )\t ! aid ( a glass1 if y\r eye-sight is good1 t ! /> is d\ble4 ,a small] /> seems to be almo/ 9 contact ) x4 ,! l>g] ( ^! two />s is call$ ,miz> & ! small] ,alcor--! ,horse & 8 ,rid] ! ,arabs said4 ,y\r glass w1 ( c\rse1 greatly increase ! di/ance betwe5 ,alcor & ,miz>1 & w also br+ out a cle> diff]5ce ( color di/+ui%+ !m4 ,n[1 if y h a v p[]ful glass1 y may be able to see ! ,sidus ,ludovicianum1 a m9ute /> :i* a ,g]man a/ronom] discov]$ m ?an a hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago1 &1 /rangely en\gh1 tak+ x = a planet1 nam$ x aft] a ,g]man pr9ce4 ,! position ( ! ,sidus ,ludovicianum1 ) ref]5ce to ,miz> & ,alcor1 is repres5t$ 9 ! accompany+ sket*4 ,y mu/ look v %>ply if y expect to see x1 & y\r op]a-glass w h to be a l>ge & /rong "o4 ,a field-glass1 h[ev]1 c n fail to %[ x4 ,sweep along ! :ole l5g? ( ! ,dipp]'s h&le1 & y w discov] _m f9e fields ( />s4 ,!n look at ! /> ,alpha 7alpha7 9 ! out] edge ( ! b[l ne>e/ to ! pole-/>4 ,!re is a fa9t />1 ( ab\t ! eigh? magnitude1 ne> x1 9 ! direction ( ,beta 7beta74 ,?is w prove a v difficult te/4 ,y w h to try x ) av]t$ vision4 ,if y h a field-glass1 cat* x fir/ ) t1 &1 hav+ ?us fix$ its position 9 y\r m9d1 try to f9d x ) ! op]a-glass4 ,its di/ance is a little ov] half t betwe5 ,miz> & ,alcor4 ,x is ( a r$di% color4 ,y w notice ne>ly ov]head ?ree pairs ( pretty bright />s 9 a long1 b5d+ r[1 ab\t half-way betwe5 ,leo & ! ,dipp]4 ,^! m>k ?ree ( ,ursa ,major's feet1 & ea* ( ! pairs is well wor? look+ at ) a glass1 z !y are beautifully gr\p$ ) />s invisible to ! nak$ eye4 ,! lett]s us$ to designate ! />s =m+ ^! pairs w be f\nd ^u our map ( ,ursa ,major4 ,! scatt]$ gr\p ( fa9t />s beyond ! b[l ( ! ,dipp] =ms ! ,be>'s head1 & y w f9d t also a field wor? a few m9utes' exploration4 ,illu/ration3 ,,miz>1 ,,alcor1 ,,& ,,! ,,sidus ,,ludovicianum4 ,! two be>s1 ,ursa ,major & ,ursa ,m9or1 sw++ ar\nd ! pole ( ! heav5s1 h be5 conspicu\s 9 ! />-lore ( all ages4 ,accord+ to fable1 !y repres5t ! nymph ,cali/o1 ) :om ,jupit] 0 9 love1 & h] son ,arcas1 :o 7 bo? turn$ into be>s by ,juno1 :]eupon ,jupit]1 be+ unable to re/ore _! =m1 did ! next be/ ?+ he c\ld by plac+ !m among ! />s4 ,ursa ,major is ,cali/o1 or ,helica1 z ! ,greeks call$ ! con/ellation4 ,! ,greek "n ( ,ursa ,m9or 0 ,cynosura4 ,! use ( ! pole-/> 9 navigation dates back at lea/ to ! "t ( ! ,pho5icians4 ,! obs]v] w note ! uncom=table position ( ,ursa ,m9or1 atta*$ to ! pole by ! end ( its long tail4 ,b1 aft] all1 no "o c expect to d]ive f su* /udies z ^! any g5u9e pleasure or satisfaction unless he is m9dful ( ! real mean+ ( :at he sees4 ,! actual tru? seems almo/ too /up5d\s = belief4 ,! m9d mu/ be br\ght into an attitude ( pr(\nd contemplation 9 ord] to appreciate x4 ,f ?is globe we c look out 9 e direction into ! op5 & b\ndless univ]se4 ,bl9d$ & dazzl$ dur+ ! day by ! blaze ( t />1 ( :i* ! e>? is a ne> & humble dep5d5t1 we are %ut 9 z by a curta94 ,b at night1 :5 our own /> is hidd51 our vision ranges into ! dep?s ( creation1 & we behold !m sp>kl+ ) a multitude ( o!r suns4 ,) s simple an aid z t ( an op]a-glass we p5etrate /ill deep] into ! pr(undities ( space1 & ?\s&s m ( ^! /range1 f>-away suns come into sight4 ,!y are arrang$ 9 pairs1 sets1 r[s1 /reams1 clu/]s--"h !y gleam alone 9 di/ant spl5dor1 !re !y gl[ & fla% 9 mighty sw>ms4 ,?is is a look into heav5 m spl5did ?an ! imag9ation ( ,bunyan pictur$2 "h is a cele/ial city ^: temples are suns1 & ^: /reets are ! pa?ways ( light4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,/>s ,,( ,,summ]4 ,let u n[ suppose t ! ,e>? has advanc$ = ?ree mon?s 9 its orbit s9ce we /udi$ ! />s ( spr+1 & t1 9 consequ5ce1 ! heav5s h made "o qu>t] ( an app>5t revolution4 ,!n we %all f9d t ! />s :i* 9 spr+ %one above ! we/]n horizon h be5 c>ri$ d[n out ( sight1 :ile ! con/ellations t 7 !n 9 ! ea/ h n[ climb$ to ! z5i?1 or pass$ ov] to ! we/1 & a fre% set ( />s has tak5 _! place 9 ! ea/4 ,9 ! pres5t *apt] we %all deal ) :at may be call$ ! />s ( summ]2 &1 9 ord] to furni% occupation = ! obs]v] ) an op]a-glass ?r\gh\t ! summ] mon?s1 ,i h endeavor$ to s *oose ! con/ellations 9 :i* our explorations w be made1 t "s ( !m %all be favorably situat$ 9 ea* ( ! mon?s ( ,june1 ,july1 & ,augu/4 ,! circul> map repres5ts ! heav5s at midnight on ! #a/ ( ,june2 at elev5 o'clock1 on ! #ae? ( ,june2 at t5 o'clock1 on ! #a/ ( ,july2 at n9e o'clock1 on ! #ae? ( ,july2 & at eight o'clock1 on ! #a/ ( ,augu/4 ,rememb]+ t ! c5t] ( ! map is ! po9t ov] 8 head1 & t ! edge ( x repres5ts ! circle ( ! horizon1 ! read]1 by a little att5tion & comp>ison ) ! sky1 w be able to fix 9 8 m9d ! relative situation ( ! v>i\s con/ellations4 ,! maps t foll[ w %[ him ^! con/ellations on a l>g] scale1 & give him ! names ( _! *ief />s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #g4 ,! obs]v] ne$ n wait until midnight on ! #a/ ( ,june 9 ord] to f9d "s ( ! con/ellations includ$ 9 our map4 ,e>li] 9 ! ev5+1 at ab\t t date1 say at n9e o'clock1 he w be able to see _m ( ^! con/ellations1 b he mu/ look = !m f>!r t[>d ! ea/ ?an !y are repres5t$ 9 ! map4 ,! bright />s 9 ,booetes & ,virgo1 = in/ance1 in/ead ( be+ ov] 9 ! s\?we/1 z 9 ! map1 w be ne> ! m]idian2 :ile ,lyra1 in/ead ( %9+ high ov]head1 w be f\nd climb+ up out ( ! nor!a/4 ,x w\ld be well to beg9 at n9e o'clock1 ab\t ! #a/ ( ,june1 & wat* ! motions ( ! heav5s = two or ?ree h\rs4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! obs]vations y w f9d ! />s 9 ,booetes1 ,virgo1 & ,lyra 9 ! positions ,i h j m5tion$1 :ile half-way d[n ! we/]n sky w be se5 ! ,sickle ( ,leo4 ,! brilliant ,procyon & ,capella w be f\nd almo/ ready to set 9 ! we/ & nor?we/1 respectively4 ,betwe5 ,procyon & ,capella1 & high] above ! horizon1 %9e ! tw9 />s 9 ,gem9i4 ,9 an h\r ,procyon1 ,capella1 & ! ,tw9s w be sett+1 & ,spica w be well pa/ ! m]idian4 ,9 ano!r h\r ! obs]v] w p]ceive t ! con/ellations are approa*+ ! places giv5 to !m 9 our map1 & at midnight he w f9d !m all 9 _! assign$ positions4 ,a s+le ev5+ sp5t 9 obs]vations ( ?is sort w tea* him m ab\t ! places ( ! />s ?an he c\ld le>n f a doz5 books4 ,tak+1 n[1 ! l>ge/ op]a-glass y c get 7,i h be=e said t ! diamet] ( ! object-glasses %\ld n be less ?an #a4e in*1 &1 ,i may add1 ! l>g] !y are ! bett]71 f9d ! con/ellation ,scorpio1 & its *ief /> ,ant>es4 ,! map %[s y :]e to look = x at midnight on ! #a/ ( ,june4 ,if y pref] to beg9 at n9e o'clock at t date1 !n1 in/ead ( look+ directly 9 ! s\? = ,scorpio1 y mu/ expect to see x j ris+ 9 ! s\!a/4 ,y w recognize ,ant>es by its fi]y color1 z well z by ! /rik+ arrangem5t ( its surr\nd+ />s4 ,!re are few con/ellations :i* be> s close a resemblance to ! objects !y are nam$ aft] z ,scorpio4 ,x does n require a v viol5t ex]cise ( ! imag9ation to see 9 ?is long1 w9d+ trail ( />s a gigantic scorpion1 ) its head to ! we/1 & fl\ri%+ its uprais$ /+ t glitt]s ) a pair ( tw9 />s1 z if ready to /rike4 ,read]s ( ! old /ory ( ,phaeton's disa/r\s attempt to drive ! *>iot ( ! ,sun = a day w rememb] x 0 ! sight ( ?is ?reat5+ mon/] t s t]rifi$ ! ambiti\s y\? z he da%$ along ! ,zodiac1 t he lo/ control ( ,apollo's horses1 & came ne> burn+ ! e>? up by runn+ ! ,sun into x4 ,ant>es r ga9s 9 r$ness :5 view$ ) a glass4 ,its color is v rem>kable1 & x is a curi\s circum/ance t ) p[]ful telescopes a small1 bright-gre5 /> is se5 app>5tly almo/ t\*+ x4 ,ant>es belongs to ,sec*i's ?ird type ( suns1 t 9 :i* ! spectroscopic appe>ances sugge/ ! exi/5ce ( a p[]fully absorptive atmosph]e1 & :i* are believ$ on v>i\s gr\nds to be1 z ,locky] has said1 9 ! la/ visible /age ( cool+2 9 o!r words1 almo/ ext9ct4 ,?is great1 r$ /> probably 9 actual size exce$s our sun1 & no "o c help feel+ ! sublime nature ( ^? /udies :i* give u reason to ?9k t "h we c actually behold almo/ ! expir+ ?roes ( a giant bro!r ( our giant sun4 ,only1 ! lifetime ( a sun is _m millions ( ye>s1 & its gradual ext9ction1 ev5 aft] x has rea*$ a /age z advanc$ z t ( ,ant>es is suppos$ to be1 may occupy a long] "t ?an ! :ole duration ( ! human race4 ,a little close inspection ) ! nak$ eye w %[ ?ree fif?- or six?-magnitude />s above ,ant>es & ,sigma 7sigma71 :i* =m1 ) ^? />s1 ! figure ( an irregul> p5tagon4 ,an op]a-glass %[s ?is figure v pla9ly4 ,! ne>e/ ( ^! />s to ,ant>es1 ! "o directly above x1 is kn[n by ! numb] #bb1 & belongs to ,scorpio1 :ile ! f>!/ away1 :i* m>ks ! nor!rnmo/ corn] ( ! p5tagon1 is ,rho 9 ,ophiu*us4 ,try a p[]ful field-glass ^u ! two />s j nam$4 ,take #bb fir/4 ,y w )\t mu* difficulty p]ceive t x has a little /> "u its w+1 bel[ & to ! "r1 & m ?an twice z f> away above x !re is ano!r fa9t />4 ,!n turn to ,rho4 ,look %>p & y w cat* sight ( two companion />s1 "o close to ,rho on ! "r & a little bel[1 & ! o!r /ill clos] & directly above ,rho4 ,! latt] is q difficult to be se5 di/9ctly1 b ! sight is a v pretty "o4 ,! op]a-glass w %[ a numb] ( fa9t />s scatt]$ ar\nd ,ant>es4 ,turn n[ to ,beta 7beta7 9 ,scorpio1 ) ! glass4 ,a v pretty pair ( />s w be se5 hang+ bel[ beta4 ,sweep+ d[nw>d f ?is po9t to ! horizon y w f9d _m beautiful />-fields4 ,! /> m>k$ ,nu 7nu7 is a d\ble :i* y w be able to sep>ate ) a p[]ful field-glass1 ! di/ance betwe5 its compon5ts be+ #dj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #h4 ,& next let u look at a />-clu/]4 ,y w see on ,map ,no4 #h an object m>k$ #d ,m1 ne> ,ant>es4 ,its designation means t x is ,no4 #d 9 ,messi]'s catalogue ( nebulae4 ,x is n a true nebula1 b a closely compact$ clu/] ( />s4 ,) ! op]a-glass1 if y are look+ 9 a cle> & moonless night1 y w see x z a curi\s nebul\s speck4 ,) a field-glass its real nature is m app>5t1 & x is se5 to blaze bright] t[>d ! c5t]4 ,x is1 9 fact1 "o ( ^? univ]ses )9 ! univ]se :]e ?\s&s ( suns are associat$ toge!r by "s unkn[n law ( aggregation into assemblages ( ^: spl5dor ! slight view t we c get gives u b ! fa9te/ conception4 ,! object above & to ! "r ( ,ant>es1 m>k$ 9 ! map #hj ,m41 is a nebula1 & al?\gh ! nebula itself is too small to be se5 ) an op]a-glass 7a field-glass %[s x z a m]e wisp ( light71 yet !re is a pretty array ( small />s 9 its neighborhood wor? look+ at4 ,besides1 ?is nebula is ( special int]e/1 because 9 #ahfj a /> sudd5ly took its place4 ,at lea/1 t is :at seem$ to h happ5$4 ,:at really did occur1 probably1 0 t a v>iable or tempor>y />1 situat$ betwe5 u & ! nebula1 & ord9>ily too fa9t to be p]ceiv$1 receiv$ a sudd5 & enorm\s accession ( light1 & blaz$ up s brightly z to blot out ( sight ! fa9t nebula beh9d x4 ,if ?is /> %\ld make its appe>ance aga91 x c\ld easily be se5 ) an op]a-glass1 & s x w n be useless = ! read] to "k :]e to look = x4 ,! qu>t] ( ! heav5s ) :i* we are n[ deal+ is fam\s = ^! cele/ial conflagrations1 if s !y may be call$4 ,! fir/ tempor>y /> ( :i* !re is any record appe>$ 9 ! con/ellation ( ! ,scorpion1 ne> ! head1 #acd ye>s be=e ,*ri/4 ,x mu/ h be5 a mo/ extraord9>y ph5om5on1 = x attract$ att5tion all ov] ! _w1 & bo? ,greek & ,*9ese annals conta9 descriptions ( x4 ,9 #cic ,a4 ,d4 a tempor>y /> %one out 9 ! tail ( ,scorpio4 ,9 #hbg ,a4 ,d4 ,arabian a/ronom]s1 "u ! ,caliph ,al-,mam\n1 ! son ( ,h>\n-al-,ras*id1 :o broke into ! great pyramid1 obs]v$ a tempor>y />1 t %one = f\r mon?s 9 ! con/ellation ( ! ,scorpion4 ,9 #abjc !re 0 a tempor>y />1 ( a blui% color1 9 ! tail ( ,scorpio1 & 9 #aegh ano!r 9 ! head ( ! con/ellation4 ,besides ^! !re are records ( ! appe>ance ( f\r tempor>y />s 9 ! neighbor+ con/ellation ( ,ophiu*us1 "o ( :i*1 t ( #afjd1 is v fam\s1 & w be describ$ lat] on4 ,x is conceivable t ^! /range outbur/s 9 & ne> ,scorpio may h _h "s effect 9 caus+ ?is con/ellation to be reg>d$ by ! anci5ts z malign 9 its influ5ce4 ,we %all pres5tly see "s examples ( />-clu/]s & nebulae ) :i* ! in/rum5ts we are us+ are bett] capable ( deal+ ?an ) ! "o describ$ above4 ,9 ! mean "t1 let u foll[ ! b5d+ r[ ( />s f ,ant>es t[>d ! s\? & ea/4 ,:5 y rea* ! /> ,mu 7mu71 y are n unlikely to /op ) an exclamation ( admiration1 = ! glass w sep>ate x into two />s t1 %9+ side by side1 seem try+ to rival ea* o!r 9 brightness4 ,b ! next /> bel[ mu1 m>k$ ,zeta 7zeta71 is ev5 m beautiful4 ,x also sep>ates into two />s1 "o be+ r$di% & ! o!r blui% 9 color4 ,! contra/ 9 a cle> night is v pleas+4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,above ! two />s y w notice a curi\s nebul\s speck4 ,n[1 if y h a p[]ful field-glass1 "h is an opportunity to view "o ( ! prettie/ sights 9 ! heav5s4 ,! field-glass n only makes ! two />s appe> bright]1 & _! colors m pron\nc$1 b x %[s a ?ird1 fa9t] /> bel[ !m1 mak+ a small triangle1 & br+s o!r /ill fa9t] />s into sight1 :ile ! nebul\s speck above turns into a *>m+ly beautiful little />-clu/]1 ^: compon5ts are s close t _! rays are inextricably m+l$ 9 a maze ( light4 ,?is little cut is an attempt to repres5t ! sc5e1 b no engrav+ c reproduce ! life & sp>kle ( x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,zeta ,,scorpionis4 ,foll[+ ! b5d ( ! ,scorpion's tail upw>d1 we come to ! pair ( />s 9 ! /+4 ,^!1 ( c\rse1 are ?r[n wide ap>t by ! op]a-glass4 ,!n let u sweep (f to ! ea/w>d a little way & f9d ! clu/] kn[n z #g ,m4 ,y w see x m>k$ on ! map4 ,above x1 & ne> en\gh to be includ$ 9 ! same field ( view1 is #f ,m41 a small] clu/]4 ,bo? ( ^! h a sp>kl+ appe>ance ) an op]a-glass1 & by close att5tion "s ( ! sep>ate />s 9 #g ,m4 may be detect$4 ,) a field-glass ^! clu/]s become mu* m /rik+ & />ry look+1 & ! curi\s radiat$ /ructure ( #g ,m4 comes out4 ,9 look+ at su* objects we c n too (t5 recall to our m9ds ! significance ( :at we see--t ^! glimm]+ specks are ! lights 9 ! w9d[s ( ! univ]se :i* c>ry to u1 across inconceivable tracts ( space1 ! assurance t we & our little sy/em are n alone 9 ! heav5s2 t all ar\nd u1 & ev5 on ! v conf9es ( imm5sity1 ,nature is busy1 z %e is "h1 & ! laws ( light1 heat1 gravitation 7& :y n ( life871 are 9 full activity4 ,! clu/]s we h j be5 look+ at lie on ! bord]s ( ,scorpio & ,sagitt>ius4 ,let u cross ov] into ! latt] con/ellation1 :i* commemorates ! c5taur ,*iron4 ,we are n[ 9 ano!r1 & ev5 a ri*]1 region ( wond]s4 ,! ,milky-,way1 /ream+ d[n out ( ! nor!a/1 p\rs1 9 a lum9\s flood1 ?r\gh ,sagitt>ius1 inundat+ t :ole region ( ! heav5s ) seem+ deeps & %all[s1 & f9ally bur/+ ! b>ri]s ( ! horizon disappe>s1 only to gl[ ) r$\bl$ spl5dor 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,! />s ,zeta 7zeta71 ,tau 7tau71 ,sigma 7sigma71 ,phi 7phi71 ,lambda 7lambda71 & ,mu 7mu7 indicate ! outl9es ( a figure sometimes call$ ! ,milk-,dipp]1 :i* is v evid5t :5 ! eye has once recogniz$ x4 ,on ei!r side ( ! upturn$ h&le ( ?is dipp]-l figure lie "s ( ! mo/ int]e/+ objects 9 ! sky4 ,let u take ! /> mu = a />t+-po9t4 ,sweep d[nw>d & to ! "r a little way1 & y w be />tl$ by a mo/ s+ul> ph5om5on t has sudd5ly made its appe>ance 9 ! field ( view ( y\r glass4 ,y may1 p]haps1 be tempt$ to congratulate y\rself on hav+ got ahead ( all ! a/ronom]s1 & discov]$ a comet4 ,x is really a comb9ation ( a />-clu/] ) a nebula1 & is kn[n z #h ,m4 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el has describ$ ! nebul\s folds & masses & d>k oval gaps :i* he saw 9 ?is nebula ) 8 l>ge telescope at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,b no telescope is ne$$ to make x appe> a wond]ful object2 an op]a-glass suffices = t1 & a field-glass reveals /ill m ( its m>vel\s /ructure4 ,! read] w recollect t we f\nd ! summ] sol/ice close to a wond]ful />-sw>m 9 ! feet ( ,gem9i4 ,s+ul>ly en\gh ! w9t] sol/ice is also ne> a />-clu/]4 ,x is to be f\nd ne> a l9e drawn f #h ,m4 to ! /> mu ,sagitt>ii1 & ab\t "o ?ird ( ! way f ! clu/] to ! />4 ,!re is ano!r less conspicu\s />-clu/] /ill clos] to ! sol/itial po9t "h1 = ?is "p ( ! heav5s teems ) su* aggregations4 ,on ! opposite side ( ! /> mu--t is to say1 above & a little to ! left--is an entirely diff]5t b almo/ equally attractive spectacle1 ! sw>m ( />s call$ #bd ,m4 ,"h1 aga91 ! field-glass easily %[s its sup]iority ov] ! op]a-glass1 = magnify+ p[] is ne$$ to br+ out ! innum]able little tw9kl]s ( :i* ! clu/] is compos$4 ,b1 :e!r y use an op]a-glass or a field-glass1 d n fail to gaze long & /eadily at ?is isl& ( />s1 = mu* ( its beauty becomes evid5t only aft] ! eye has accu/om$ itself to dis5tangle ! glimm]+ rays ) :i* ! :ole field ( view is fill$4 ,try ! me?od ( av]t$ vision1 & hundr$s ( ! f9e/ conceivable po9ts ( light w seem to spr+ into view out ( ! dep?s ( ! sky4 ,! necessity ( a p]fectly cle> night1 & ! abs5ce ( moonlight1 c n be too mu* insi/$ ^u = obs]vations su* z ^!4 ,ev]ybody kn[s h[ ! moonlight blots out ! small] />s4 ,a slight haz9ess1 or smoke1 9 ! air produces a simil> effect4 ,x is z important to ! obs]v] ) an op]a-glass to h a transp>5t atmosph]e z x is to "o :o w\ld use a telescope2 b1 =tunately1 ! "w ( ! =m] is n s mu* int]f]$ ) by curr5ts ( air4 ,always avoid ! neighborhood ( any bright light4 ,electric lights 9 p>ticul> are an abom9ation to />-gaz]s4 ,! cl\d ( />s we h j be5 look+ at is 9 a v ri* region ( ! ,milky-,way1 9 ! little mod]n con/ellation call$ ,sobieski's ,%ield1 :i* we h n nam$ ^u our map4 ,sweep+ sl[ly upw>d f #bd ,m4 a little way ) ! field-glass1 we w pass 9 succession ov] ?ree nebul\s-look+ spots4 ,! second ( ^!1 c\nt+ upw>d1 is ! fam\s ,horse%oe nebula4 ,its wond]s are beyond ! rea* ( our in/rum5t1 b its place may be recogniz$4 ,look c>efully all ar\nd ?is region1 & y w p]ceive t ! old gods1 :o travel$ ?is road 7! ,milky-,way 0 sometimes call$ ! pa?way ( ! gods71 trod ^u gold5 s&s4 ,(f a little way to ! ea/ y w f9d ! ri* clu/] call$ #be ,m4 ,b d n imag9e ! ?\s&s ( />s t y\r op]a-glass or field-glass reveals comprise all ! ri*es ( ?is ,golconda ( ! heav5s4 ,y might ply ! p[]s ( ! greate/ telescope 9 a va9 attempt to exhau/ its weal?4 ,z a h9t ( ! wond]s t lie hidd5 "h1 let me quote ,fa!r ,sec*i's description ( a />ry spot 9 ?is same neighborhood1 view$ ) ! great telescope at ,rome4 ,aft] tell+ ( b$s ( />s sup]pos$ ^u "o ano!r1 & ( ! wond]ful geometrical arrangem5t ( ! l>g] />s visible 9 ! field1 he adds3 ,! great] numb] are arrang$ 9 spiral arcs1 9 :i* "o c c\nt z _m z t5 or twelve />s ( ! n9? to ! t5? magnitude foll[+ "o ano!r 9 a curve1 l beads ^u a /r+4 ,sometimes !y =m rays :i* seem to div]ge f a common focus1 &1 :at is v s+ul>1 "o usually f9ds1 ei!r at ! c5t] ( ! rays1 or at ! beg9n+ ( ! curve1 a m brilliant /> ( a r$ color1 :i* seems to lead ! m>*4 ,x is impossible to believe t su* an arrangem5t c be accid5tal4 ,! read] w recall ! some:at simil> description t ,admiral ,smy? & ,mr4 ,webb h giv5 ( a />-clu/] 9 ,gem9i 7see ,*apt] ,i74 ,! milky look ( ! backgr\nd ( ! ,galaxy is1 ( c\rse1 caus$ by ! int]m+l$ radiations ( inconceivably m9ute & inconceivably num]\s />s1 ?\s&s ( :i* become sep>ately visible1 ! numb] ?us di/+ui%able v>y+ ) ! size ( ! in/rum5t4 ,b ! mo/ p[]ful telescope yet plac$ 9 human h&s c n s\nd ^! />ry deeps to ! bottom4 ,! evid5ce giv5 by ,pr(4 ,hold51 ! ,director ( ! ,lick ,obs]vatory1 on ?is po9t is v int]e/+4 ,speak+ ( ! p]=mance ( ! gigantic telescope on ,m\nt ,hamilton1 ?irty-six in*es 9 ap]ture1 he says3 ,! ,milky-,way is a wond]ful sight1 & ,i h be5 mu* int]e/$ to see t !re is1 ev5 ) our sup]lative p[]1 no f9al resolution ( its f9] p>ts into />s4 ,!re is always ! backgr\nd ( unresolv$ nebulosity on :i* hundr$s & ?\s&s ( />s are /udd$--ea* a bright1 %>p1 sep>ate po9t4 ,! gr\ps ( />s =m+ ! ea/]n half ( ! con/ellation ( ,sagitt>ius are wor? sweep+ ov] ) ! glass1 z a numb] ( pretty pairs may be f\nd !re4 ,sagitt>ius /&s 9 ! old />-maps z a c5taur1 half-horse-half-man1 fac+ ! we/1 ) drawn b[1 & arr[ po9t$ at ! ,scorpion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #i4 ,next let u pass to ! d\ble con/ellation adjo9+ ,scorpio & ,sagitt>ius on ! nor?--,ophiu*us & ! ,s]p5t4 ,^! con/ellations1 z our map %[s1 are curi\sly int]mix$4 ,! imag9ation ( ! old />-gaz]s1 :o nam$ !m1 saw "h ! figure ( a giant grasp+ a wri?+ s]p5t ) 8 h&s4 ,! head ( ! s]p5t is "u ! ,nor!rn ,cr[n1 & its tail ends ov] ! />-gemm$ region t we h j describ$1 call$ ,sobieski's ,%ield4 ,ophiu*us /&s1 z figur$ 9 ,flam/e$'s ,atlas1 ^u ! back ( ! ,scorpion1 hold+ ! s]p5t ) "o h& bel[ ! neck1 ?is h& be+ indicat$ by ! pair ( />s m>k$ ,epsilon 7epsilon7 & ,delta 7delta71 & ) ! o!r ne> ! tail4 ,! />s ,tau 7tau7 & ,nu 7nu7 indicate ! second h&4 ,! giant's face is t[>d ! obs]v]1 & ! /> ,alpha 7alpha71 also call$ ,ras ,alhague1 %9es 9 8 =ehead1 :ile ,beta 7beta7 & ,gamma 7gamma7 m>k 8 "r %\ld]4 ,ophiu*us has be5 held to repres5t ! fam\s physician ,a,esculapius4 ,"o may well repress ! t5d5cy to smile at ^! fanciful leg5ds :5 he reflects ^u _! antiquity4 ,!re is no d\bt t ?is d\ble con/ellation is at lea/ ?ree ?\s& ye>s old--t is to say1 = ?irty c5turies ! imag9ation ( m5 has cont9u$ to %ape ^! />s into ! figures ( a gigantic man /ruggl+ ) a huge s]p5t4 ,if x possesses no o!r int]e/1 !n x at lea/ has t :i* atta*es to all ?+s anci5t4 ,l _m o!r ( ! con/ellations x has prov$ long]-liv$ ?an ! mightie/ nations4 ,:ile ,greece fl\ri%$ & decay$1 :ile ,rome rose & fell1 :ile ! scept] ( civilization has pass$ f race to race1 ^! />ry creations ( fancy h %one on un*ang$4 ,! m9d t w\ld ignore !m n[ des]ves compassion4 ,! read] w obs]ve a little circle 9 ! map1 & ne> x ! figures #afjd4 ,?is indicates ! spot :]e "o ( ! mo/ fam\s tempor>y />s on record appe>$ 9 ! ye> #afjd4 ,at fir/ x 0 f> bright] ?an any o!r /> 9 ! heav5s2 b x quickly fad$1 & 9 a little ov] a ye> disappe>$4 ,x is p>ticul>ly int]e/+1 because ,kepl]--! qua9te/1 & n f> f ! greate/1 figure 9 a/ronomical hi/ory--wrote a curi\s book ab\t x4 ,"s ( ! philosoph]s ( ! day argu$ t ! sudd5 outbur/ ( ! wond]ful /> 0 caus$ by ! *ance meet+ ( atoms4 ,kepl]'s reply 0 *>act]i/ic1 z well z amus+3 ,i w tell ^? disputants1 my oppon5ts1 n my own op9ion1 b my wife's4 ,ye/]day1 :5 ,i 0 we>y ) writ+1 my m9d be+ q du/y ) consid]+ ^! atoms1 ,i 0 call$ to supp]1 & a salad ,i _h ask$ = 0 set be=e me4 ',x seems1 !n1' said ,i1 al\d1 't if pewt] di%es1 leaves ( lettuce1 gra9s ( salt1 drops ( wat]1 v9eg> & oil1 & slices ( egg1 _h be5 fly+ ab\t 9 ! air f all et]nity1 x might at la/ happ5 by *ance t !re w\ld come a salad4' ',yes1' says my wife1 'b n s nice & well-dress$ z ?is ( m9e is4' ,:ile !re are no objects ( special int]e/ = ! obs]v] ) an op]a-glass 9 ,ophiu*us1 he w f9d x wor? :ile to sweep ov] x = :at he may pick up1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 he %\ld look at ! gr\p ( />s s\!a/ ( beta & gamma4 ,^! />s h be5 %ap$ into a little mod]n a/]ism call$ ,taurus ,poniat[skii1 & x w be notic$ t five ( !m m>k ! outl9es ( a lett] ,v1 resembl+ ! well-kn[n figure ( ! ,hyades4 ,also look at ! />s 9 ! head ( ,s]p5s1 sev]al ( :i* =m a figure l a lett] ,x4 ,a little we/ ( ,!ta 7!ta7 9 ! tail ( ,s]p5s1 is a beautiful sw>m ( little />s1 ^u :i* a field-glass may be us$ ) advantage4 ,! /> !ta is itself a *>m+ d\ble1 j )9 ! sep>at+ p[] ( a v p[]ful field-glass "u favorable circum/ances1 ! compon5t />s be+ only ab\t "o ?ird ( a m9ute ap>t4 ,d n fail to notice ! rem>kable subdivisions ( ! ,milky-,way 9 ?is neighborhood4 ,its curr5t seems divid$ into num]\s *annels & bays1 int]sp]s$ ) gaps t might be lik5$ to isl&s1 & ! /> !ta appe>s to be situat$ ^u "o ( ^! isl&s ( ! galaxy4 ,?is complicat$ /ructure ( ! ,milky-,way ext5ds d[nw>d to ! horizon1 & upw>d ?r\gh ! con/ellation ,cygnus1 & ( its ph5om5al appe>ance 9 t region we %all h m to say fur!r on4 ,directly nor? ( ,ophiu*us is ! con/ellation ,h]cules1 int]e/+ z occupy+ t "p ( ! heav5s t[>d :i* ! prop] motion ( ! sun is be>+ ! e>? & its fell[-planets1 at ! rate1 probably1 ( n less ?an #afj1jjj1jjj miles 9 a ye>--a /up5d\s voyage ?r\gh space1 ( ^: de/9ation we are z ignorant z ! crew ( a %ip sail+ "u seal$ ord]s1 &1 l :om1 we mu/ dep5d ^u su* inf]5ces z we c draw f c\rses & di/ances1 = no o!r in=mation comes to u f ! flag%ip ( our squadron4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #aj4 ,9 ! accompany+ map we h repres5t$ ! beautiful con/ellations ,lyra & ! ,nor!rn ,cr[n1 ly+ on ei!r side ( ,h]cules4 ,! read] %\ld note t ! po9t ov]head 9 ?is map is n f> f ! /> ,eta 7eta7 9 ,h]cules4 ,! bottom ( ! map is t[>d ! s\?1 ! "r-h& side is we/1 & ! left-h& side ea/4 ,x is important to keep ^! directions 9 m9d1 9 comp>+ ! map ) ! sky4 ,= in/ance1 ! obs]v] mu/ n expect to look into ! s\? & see ,h]cules half-way up ! sky1 ) ,lyra a little ea/ ( x2 he mu/ look = ,h]cules ne>ly ov]head1 & ,lyra a little ea/ ( ! z5i?4 ,! same precautions are n necess>y 9 us+ ! maps ( ,scorpio1 ,sagitt>ius1 & ,ophiu*us1 because ^? con/ellations are ne>] ! horizon1 & s ! obs]v] does n h to imag9e ! map z be+ susp5d$ ov] 8 head4 ,! "n ,h]cules suffici5tly indicates ! my?ological orig9 ( ! con/ellation1 & yet ! ,greeks did n "k x by t "n1 = ,aratus calls x ! ,phantom ^: "n none c tell4 ,! ,nor!rn ,cr[n1 accord+ to fable1 0 ! celebrat$ cr[n ( ,ariadne1 & ,lyra 0 ! h>p ( ,orpheus himself1 ) ^: sweet music he *>m$ ! ho/s ( ,hades1 & p]suad$ ,pluto to yield up to him 8 lo/ ,eurydice4 ,) ! aid ( ! map y w be able to recognize ! pr9cipal />s & />-gr\ps 9 ,h]cules1 & w f9d _m int]e/+ comb9ations ( />s = y\rself4 ,an object ( special int]e/ is ! celebrat$ />-clu/] #ac ,m4 ,y w f9d x on ! map betwe5 ! />s ,eta 7eta7 & ,zeta 7zeta74 ,:ile an op]a-glass w only %[ x z a fa9t & m9ute speck1 ly+ ne>ly betwe5 two little />s1 x is nev]!less well wor? look+ =1 on acc\nt ( ! great r5[n ( ?is wond]ful congregation ( />s4 ,sir ,william ,h]s*el comput$ ! numb] ( />s conta9$ 9 x z ab\t f\rte5 ?\s&4 ,x is r\ghly sph]ical 9 %ape1 ?\gh !re are _m /raggl+ />s ar\nd x evid5tly connect$ ) ! clu/]4 ,9 %ort1 x is a ball ( suns4 ,! read] %\ld n mi/ake :at t implies1 h[ev]4 ,^! suns1 ?\gh truly sol> bodies1 are probably v mu* small] ?an our sun4 ,mr4 ,gore has comput$ _! av]age diamet] to be =ty-five ?\s& miles1 & ! di/ance sep>at+ ea* f ! next to be #i1jjj1jjj1jjj miles4 ,x may n be un9t]e/+ to inquire :at w\ld be ! appe>ance ( ! sky to dwell]s )9 su* a sy/em ( suns4 ,adopt+ ,mr4 ,gore's e/imates1 & suppos+ #i1jjj1jjj1jjj miles to be v ne>ly ! uni=m di/ance ap>t ( ! />s 9 ! clu/]1 & =ty-five ?\s& miles _! uni=m diamet]1 !n1 />t+ ) a s+le /> 9 ! c5t]1 _! arrangem5t might be approximately 9 conc5tric sph]ical %ells1 situat$ ab\t #i1jjj1jjj1jjj miles ap>t4 ,! fir/ %ell1 c\nt+ outw>d f ! c5t]1 w\ld conta9 a doz5 />s1 ea* ( :i*1 z se5 by an obs]v] /ation$ ^u a planet at ! c5t] ( ! clu/]1 w\ld %9e elev5 hundr$ times z bright z ,sirius appe>s to u4 ,! numb] ( ! />s 9 ea* %ell w\ld increase z !y rec$$ f ! c5t] 9 proportion to ! squ>es ( ! radii ( ! successive %ells1 :ile _! lum9osity1 z se5 f ! c5t]1 w\ld v>y inv]sely z ^? squ>es4 ,/ill1 ! out]mo/ />s--! total numb] be+ limit$ to f\rte5 or fifte5 ?\s&--w\ld appe> to our obs]v] at ! c5t] ( ! sy/em ab\t five times z brilliant z ,sirius4 ,x is cle>1 !n1 t he w\ld be dwell+ 9 a sort ( p]petual daylight4 ,8 planet might receive f ! p>ticul> sun ar\nd :i* x revolv$ z brilliant a daylight z our sun gives to u1 b let u see :at w\ld be ! illum9ation ( its night side4 ,adopt+ ,zoelln]'s e/imate ( ! light ( ! sun z #fah1jjj times z great z t ( ! full moon1 & *oos+ among ! v>i\s e/imates ( ! light ( ,sirius z comp>$ ) ! sun #a_/djjjjjjjjj z probably ! ne>e/ ! tru?1 we f9d t ! moon s5ds u ab\t sixty-five hundr$ times z mu* light z ,sirius does4 ,n[1 s9ce ! doz5 />s ne>e/ ! c5t] ( ! clu/] w\ld ea* appe> to our obs]v] elev5 hundr$ times z bright z ,sirius1 all ( !m toge!r w\ld give a little m ?an twice z mu* light z ! full moon %$s ^u ! e>?4 ,b z only half ! />s 9 ! clu/] w\ld be above ! horizon at once we mu/ dim9i% ?is e/imate by "o half1 9 ord] to obta9 ! am\nt ( light t our supposititi\s planet w\ld receive on its night side f ! ne>e/ />s 9 ! clu/]4 ,& s9ce ! numb] ( ^! />s increases ) _! di/ance f ! c5t] 9 ! same ratio z _! light dim9i%es1 x foll[s t ! total light receiv$ f ! clu/] w\ld exce$ t receiv$ f ! doz5 ne>e/ />s z _m times z !re 7 sph]ical %ells 9 ! clu/]4 ,?is w\ld be ab\t fifte5 times1 & accord+ly all ! />s toge!r w\ld %$1 at ! c5t]1 "s ?irty times z mu* light z t ( ! moon4 ,divid+ ?is aga9 by two1 because only half ( ! />s c\ld be se5 at once1 we f9d t ! night side ( our obs]v]'s planet w\ld be illum9at$ ) fifte5 times z mu* light z ! full moon %$s ^u ! e>?4 ,x is evid5t1 too1 t our obs]v] w\ld enjoy ! spectacle ( a />ry firmam5t incomp>ably m spl5did ?an t :i* we behold4 ,only ab\t ?ree ?\s& />s are visible to our unassi/$ eyes at once on any cle> night1 & ( ^? only a few are conspicu\s1 & two ?irds are s fa9t t !y require "s att5tion 9 ord] to be di/+ui%$4 ,b ! spectator at ! c5t] ( ! ,h]cules clu/] w\ld behold "s sev5 ?\s& />s at once1 ! fa9te/ ( :i* w\ld be five times z brilliant z ! brighte/ /> 9 our sky1 :ile ! bright] ones w\ld blaze l ne>+ suns4 ,"o effect ( ?is flood ( />light w\ld be to %ut out f our obs]v]'s eyes all ! />s ( ! outside univ]se4 ,!y w\ld be effac$ 9 ! blaze ( 8 sky1 & he w\ld be1 9 a mann]1 %ut up )9 8 own little />-sy/em1 kn[+ no?+ ( ! great] univ]se beyond1 9 :i* we behold 8 multitude ( lum9>ies1 dim9i%$ & bl5d$ by di/ance into a fa9tly %9+ speck1 float+ l a silv]y mote 9 a sunbeam4 ,if our obs]v]'s planet1 in/ead ( be+ situat$ 9 ! c5t] ( ! clu/]1 circl$ ar\nd "o ( ! />s at ! out] edge ( x1 ! appe>ance ( 8 sky w\ld be1 9 "s respects1 /ill m wond]ful1 ! precise ph5om5a dep5d+ ^u ! position ( ! planet's orbit & ! /ation ( ! obs]v]4 ,less ?an half ( 8 sky w\ld be fill$1 at any "t1 by ! />s ( ! clu/]1 ! o!r half op5+ ^u out] space & appe>+ by comp>ison almo/ />less--a va/1 cav]n\s expanse1 ) a few fa9t glimm]+s out ( its gloomy dep?s4 ,! plane ( ! orbit ( 8 planet be+ suppos$ to pass ?r\gh ! c5t] ( ! sph]ical sy/em1 our obs]v] w\ld1 dur+ 8 ye>1 behold ! night at "o season blaz+ ) ! spl5dors ( ! clu/]$ suns1 & at ano!r empti$ ( brilliant orbs & fa9tly light$ ) ! s(t gl[ ( ! ,milky-,way & ! feeble flick]+ ( di/ant />s1 scatt]$ ov] ! d>k vault4 ,! position ( ! orbit1 & ! incl9ation ( ! planet's axis might be su* t ! glories ( ! clu/] w\ld n be visible f "o ( its hemisph]es1 necessitat+ a j\rney to ! o!r side ( ! globe to behold !m4,b ,b ,a simil> calculation ( ! int]nal appe>ances ( ! ,h]cules clu/]1 :i* ,i made1 0 publi%$ 9 #ahhg 9 ! ,new ,york ,sun4 ,( c\rse1 x is n to be assum$ t ! arrangem5t ( ! />s 9 ! clu/] actually is exactly t :i* we h imag9$4 ,/ill1 :atev] ! arrangem5t1 s long z ! clu/] is practically sph]ical1 & ! />s compos+ x are ( ne>ly uni=m size & situat$ at ne>ly uni=m di/ances1 ! ph5om5a we h describ$ w\ld fairly repres5t ! appe>ances pres5t$ to inhabitants ( worlds situat$ 9 su* a sy/em4 ,z to ! possibility ( ! exi/5ce ( su* worlds & inhabitants1 ev]ybody mu/ draw 8 own conclusions4 ,a/ronomy1 z a sci5ce1 is sil5t ^u t "q4 ,b !re %9e ! congregat$ />s1 m+l+ _! rays 9 a message ( light1 t comes to u across ! gulf1 proclaim+ _! bro!rhood ) our own glori\s sun4 ,ma!maticians c n unravel ! int]lock+ intricacies ( _! orbits1 & "s w\ld1 p]haps a priori1 h said t su* a sy/em 0 impossible1 b ! telescope has reveal$ !m1 & !re !y are6 ,:at purposes !y subs]ve 9 ! economy ( ! univ]se1 :o %all decl>e8 ,if y h a field-glass1 by all means try x ^u #ac ,m4 ,x w give y a m satisfactory view ?an an op]a-glass is capable ( do+1 & w magnify ! clu/] s t !re c be no possibility ( mi/ak+ x = a />4 ,comp>e ?is compact clu/]1 :i* only a p[]ful telescope c p>tially resolve into its compon5t />s1 ) #g ,m4 & #bd ,m41 describ$ be=e1 9 ord] to compreh5d ! wide v>iety 9 ! /ructure ( ^! aggregations ( />s4 ,! ,nor!rn ,cr[n1 al?\gh a /rik+ly beautiful con/ellation to ! nak$ eye1 (f]s few attractions to ! op]a-glass4 ,let u turn1 !n1 to ,lyra4 ,i h nev] be5 able to make up my m9d :i* ( ?ree great />s is entitl$ to prec$5ce--,vega1 ! lead+ brilliant ( ,lyra1 ,arcturus 9 ,booetes1 or ,capella 9 ,auriga4 ,!y are ! ?ree lead]s ( ! nor!rn firmam5t1 b :i* ( !m %\ld be call$ ! *ief1 is v h>d to say4 ,at any rate1 ,vega w\ld probably be g5]ally reg>d$ z ! mo/ beautiful1 on acc\nt ( ! delicate blui% t+e 9 its light1 especially :5 view$ ) a glass4 ,!re is no possibility ( mi/ak+ ?is /> because ( its surpass+ brilliancy4 ,two fa9t />s close to ,vega on ! ea/ make a beautiful little triangle ) x1 & ?us =m a fur!r means ( recognition1 if any 7 ne$$4 ,y\r op]a-glass w %[ t ! floor ( heav5 is p[d]$ ) />s1 f9e z ! du/ ( a diamond1 all ar\nd ! neighborhood ( ,vega1 & ! long] y gaze ! m ( ^! dim9utive tw9kl]s y w discov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #aa4 ,n[ direct y\r glass to ! nor!rnmo/ ( ! two little />s ne> ,vega1 ! "o m>k$ ,epsilon 7epsilon7 9 ! map4 ,y w p]ceive t x is compos$ ( two />s ( almo/ equal magnitude4 ,if y _h a telescope ( consid]able p[]1 y w\ld f9d t ea* ( ^! />s is 9 turn d\ble4 ,9 o!r words1 ?is wond]ful /> :i* appe>s s+le to ! unassi/$ eye1 is 9 reality quadruple1 & !re is reason to ?9k t ! f\r />s compos+ x are connect$ 9 pairs1 ! memb]s ( ea* pair revolv+ ar\nd _! common c5t] :ile ! two pairs 9 turn circle ar\nd a c5t] common to all4 ,) a field-glass y w be able to see t ! o!r /> ne> ,vega1 ,zeta 7zeta71 is also d\ble1 ! di/ance betwe5 its compon5ts be+ ?ree qu>t]s ( a m9ute1 :ile ! two />s 9 epsilon are a little less ?an #ca_/b' ap>t4 ,! /> ,beta 7beta7 is rem>kably v>iable 9 brightness4 ,y may wat* ^! v>iations1 :i* run ?r\gh a regul> p]iod ( ab\t #ab days1 #bac_/d h\rs1 = y\rself4 ,betwe5 ,beta & ,gamma 7gamma7 lies ! beautiful ,r+ nebula1 b x is hopelessly beyond ! rea* ( ! optical means we are employ+4 ,let u turn next to ! />s 9 ! we/4 ,9 consult+ ! accompany+ map ( ,virgo & ,booetes 7,map ,no4 #aa71 ! obs]v] is suppos$ to face ! s\?we/1 at ! h\rs & dates m5tion$ above z ^? to :i* ! circul> map corresponds4 ,he w !n see ! bright /> ,spica 9 ,virgo n f> above ! horizon1 :ile ,arcturus w be half-way up ! sky1 & ! ,nor!rn ,cr[n w be ne> ! z5i?4 ,! con/ellation ,virgo is an int]e/+ "o 9 my?ological /ory4 ,aratus tells u t ! ,virg9's home 0 once on e>?1 :]e %e bore ! "n ( ,ju/ice1 & 9 ! gold5 age all m5 obey$ h]4 ,9 ! silv] age h] visits to m5 became less frequ5t1 no long] f9d+ ! spirits ( =m] days2 &1 f9ally1 :5 ! braz5 age came ) ! clangor ( w>3 ,ju/ice1 loa?+ t race ( m51 ,w+$ h] flight to heav52 & fix$ ,h] /ation 9 t region ,:]e /ill by night is se5 ,! ,virg9 goddess ne> to bright ,booetes4 ,! *ief /> ( ,virgo1 ,spica1 is rem>kable = its pure :ite light4 ,to my eye !re is no conspicu\s /> 9 ! sky equal to x 9 ?is respect1 & x ga9s 9 beauty :5 view$ ) a glass4 ,) ! aid ( ! map ! read] w f9d ! celebrat$ b9>y /> ,gamma 7gamma7 ,virg9is1 al?\gh he w n be able to sep>ate its compon5ts )\t a telescope4 ,x is a curi\s fact t ! /> ,epsilon 7epsilon7 9 ,virgo has = _m ages be5 kn[n z ! ,grape-,ga!r]4 ,x has borne ?is "n 9 ,greek1 9 ,lat91 9 ,p]sian1 & 9 ,arabic1 ! orig9 ( ! appellation und\bt$ly be+ t x 0 obs]v$ to rise j be=e ! sun 9 ! season ( ! v9tage4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! />s epsilon1 delta1 gamma1 eta1 & beta1 m>k two sides ( a quadrilat]al figure ( :i* ! opposite corn] is indicat$ by ,d5ebola 9 ! tail ( ,leo4 ,)9 ?is quadrilat]al lies ! m>vel\s ,field ( ! ,nebulae1 a region :]e ) adequate optical p[] "o may f9d hundr$s ( ^! /range objects ?rong+ toge!r1 a v /oreh\se ( ! g]ms ( suns & worlds4 ,un=tunately1 ^! nebulae are f> beyond ! rea* ( an op]a-glass1 b x is wor? :ile to "k :]e ?is curi\s region is1 ev5 if we c n behold ! wond]s x conta9s4 ,! />s ,omicron 7omicron71 ,pi 7pi71 etc41 =m+ a little gr\p1 m>k ! head ( ,virgo4 ,! autumnal equ9ox1 or ! place :]e ! sun crosses ! equator ( ! heav5s on 8 s\!rly j\rney ab\t ! #ba/ ( ,septemb]1 is situat$ ne>ly betwe5 ! />s eta & beta ,virg9is1 a little bel[ ! l9e jo9+ !m1 & some:at ne>] to eta4 ,bo? eta & zeta ,virg9is are almo/ exactly ^u ! equator ( ! heav5s4 ,! con/ellation ,libra1 ly+ betwe5 ,virgo & ,scorpio1 does n conta9 mu* to attract our att5tion4 ,its two *ief />s1 alpha & beta1 may be readily recogniz$ we/ ( & above ! head ( ,scorpio4 ,! upp] "o ( ! two1 beta1 has a s+ul> gre5i% t9t1 & ! l[] "o1 alpha1 is a v pretty d\ble = an op]a-glass4 ,! con/ellation ( ,libra appe>s to h be5 ( lat] date ?an ! o!r elev5 memb]s ( ! zodiacal circle4 ,its two *ief />s at "o "t m>k$ ! ext5d$ claws ( ,scorpio1 :i* 7 aft]w>d cut (f 7p]haps ! mon/] prov$ too horrible ev5 = its inv5tors7 to =m ,libra4 ,z its "n signifies1 ,libra repres5ts a balance1 & ?is fact seems to ref] ! inv5tion ( ! con/ellation back to at lea/ ?ree hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 :5 ! autumnal equ9ox occurr$ at ! mom5t :5 ! sun 0 j cross+ ! we/]n bord] ( ! con/ellation4 ,! equality ( ! days & nights at t season readily sugge/s ! idea ( a balance4 ,milton1 9 ,p>adise ,lo/1 sugge/s ano!r orig9 = ! con/ellation ( ! ,balance 9 ! acc\nt ( ,gabriel's discov]y ( ,satan 9 p>adise3 444 ,n[ dreadful de$s ,might h ensu$1 nor only p>adise ,9 ?is commotion1 b ! />ry cope ,( heav51 p]haps1 or all ! elem5ts ,at lea/ _h gone to wrack1 di/urb$ & torn ,) viol5ce ( ?is conflict1 _h n soon ,! ,et]nal1 to prev5t su* horrid fray1 ,hung =? 9 heav5 8 gold5 scales1 yet se5 ,betwixt ,a/rea & ! ,scorpion sign4 ,j nor? ( ,virgo's head w be se5 ! glimm]+ ( ,b]5ice's ,hair4 ,?is little con/ellation 0 includ$ among ^? describ$ 9 ! *apt] on ,! ,/>s ( ,spr+1 b x is wor? look+ at aga9 9 ! e>ly summ]1 on moonless nights1 :5 ! s+ul> arrangem5t ( ! bright] memb]s ( ! clu/] at once /rikes ! eye4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b]5ice',s ,,hair4 ,booetes1 ^: lead+ brilliant1 ,arcturus1 occupies ! c5t] ( our map1 also possesses a curi\s my?ical hi/ory4 ,x is call$ by ! ,greeks ! ,be>-,driv]1 because x seems cont9ually to *ase ,ursa ,major1 ! ,great ,be>1 9 8 pa? ar\nd ! pole4 ,! /ory is t ,booetes 0 ! son ( ! nymph ,cali/o1 :om ,juno1 9 "o ( h] cu/om>y fits ( jeal\sy1 turn$ into a be>4 ,booetes1 :o _h become a fam\s hunt]1 "o day r\s$ a be> f h] lair1 &1 n kn[+ t x 0 8 "m1 0 ab\t to kill h]1 :5 ,jupit] came to ! rescue & snat*$ !m bo? up into ! sky1 :]e !y h %one ev] s9ce4 ,lucan ref]s to ?is /ory :51 describ+ ,brutus's visit to ,cato at night1 he fixes ! "t by ! position ( ^! con/ellations 9 ! heav5s3 ',twas :5 ! solemn dead ( night came on1 ,:5 bright ,cali/o1 ) h] %9+ son1 ,n[ half ! circle r\nd ! pole _h run4 ,booetes is n specially int]e/+ = our purposes1 except = ! spl5dor ( ,arcturus4 ,?is /> has possess$ a peculi> *>m = me ev] s9ce boyhood1 :51 hav+ read a description ( x 9 an old treatise on ,uranography1 ,i felt an eag] desire to see x4 ,z my se>* = x *anc$ to beg9 at a season :5 ,arcturus did n rise till aft] a boy's b$-"t1 ,i 0 = a long "t disappo9t$1 & ,i %all nev] =get ! />t ( surprise & almo/ ( awe ) :i* ,i f9ally caught sight ( x1 "o spr+ ev5+1 %oot+ its flam+ rays ?r\gh ! b\ghs ( an apple-or*>d1 l a /> on fire4 ,:5 ne> ! horizon1 ,arcturus has a rem>kably r$di% color2 b1 aft] x has atta9$ a high elevation 9 ! sky1 x appe>s r a deep yell[ ?an r$4 ,!re is a scatt]$ clu/] ( small />s surr\nd+ ,arcturus1 =m+ an admirable spectacle ) an op]a-glass on a cle> night4 ,to see ^! />s well1 ! glass %\ld be sl[ly mov$ ab\t4 ,_m ( !m are hidd5 by ! gl>e ( ,arcturus4 ,! little gr\p ( />s ne> ! end ( ! h&le ( ! ,great ,dipp]1 or1 :at is ! same ?+1 ! tail ( ! ,great ,be>1 m>ks ! uprais$ h& ( ,booetes4 ,betwe5 ,b]5ice's ,hair & ! tail ( ! ,be> y w see a small con/ellation call$ ,canes ,v5atici1 ! ,hunt+-,dogs4 ,on ! old />-maps ,booetes is repres5t$ z hold+ ^! dogs ) a lea%1 :ile !y are /ra9+ 9 *ase ( ! ,be>4 ,y w f9d "s pretty gr\p+s ( />s 9 ?is con/ellation4 ,& n[ we w turn to ! ea/4 ,our next map %[s ,cygnus1 a con/ellation especially rem>kable = ! l>ge & /rik+ figure t x conta9s1 call$ ! ,nor!rn ,cross1 ,aquila ! ,eagle1 ! ,dolph91 & ! little a/]isms ,sagitta & ,vulpecula4 ,9 consult+ ! map1 ! obs]v] is suppos$ to face t[>d ! ea/4 ,9 ,aquila ! curi\s arrangem5t ( two />s on ei!r side ( ! *ief /> ( ! con/ellation1 call$ ,altair1 at once attracts ! eye4 ,)9 a circle includ+ ! two att5dants ( ,altair y w probably be able to see ) ! nak$ eye only two or ?ree />s 9 addition to ! ?ree l>ge ones4 ,n[ turn y\r glass ^u ! same spot1 & y w see eight or t5 times z _m />s1 & ) a field-glass /ill m c be se54 ,wat* ! /> m>k$ ,eta 7eta71 & y w f9d t its light is v>iable1 be+ sometimes m ?an twice z bright z at o!r times4 ,its *anges are p]iodical1 & occupy a little ov] a week4 ,! ,eagle is fabl$ to h be5 ! bird t ,jupit] kept beside 8 ?rone4 ,a con/ellation call$ ,ant9\s1 inv5t$ by ,ty*o ,brahe1 is repres5t$ on "s maps z occupy+ ! l[] portion ( ! space giv5 to ,aquila4 ,! ,dolph9 is an int]e/+ little con/ellation1 & ! anci5ts said x repres5t$ ! v animal on ^: back ! fam\s musician ,arion rode ?r\gh ! sea aft] 8 escape f ! sailors :o tri$ to murd] him4 ,b "s mod]n has dubb$ x ) ! less romantic "n ( ,job's ,c(f91 by :i* x is sometimes call$4 ,x pres5ts a v pretty sight to ! op]a-glass4 ,cygnus1 ! swan1 is a con/ellation ^: my?ological hi/ory is n specially int]e/+1 al?\gh1 z rem>k$ above1 x conta9s "o ( ! mo/ cle>ly m>k$ figures to be f\nd among ! />s1 ! fam\s ,nor!rn ,cross4 ,! outl9es ( ?is cross are m>k$ ) great di/9ctness by ! />s ,alpha 7alpha71 ,epsilon 7epsilon71 ,gamma 7gamma71 ,delta 7delta71 & ,beta 7beta71 toge!r ) "s fa9t] />s ly+ along ! ma9 beam ( ! cross betwe5 beta & gamma4 ,! /> beta1 also call$ ,albireo1 is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful d\ble />s 9 ! heav5s4 ,! compon5ts are %>ply contra/$ 9 color1 ! l>g] /> be+ gold5-yell[1 :ile ! small] "o is a deep1 ri* blue4 ,) a field-glass ( #a4f-;in* ap]ture & magnify+ sev5 times ,i h sometimes be5 able to divide ?is pair1 & to recognize ! blue color ( ! small] />4 ,x w be f\nd a sev]e te/ = su* a glass4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #ab4 ,ab\t half-way f ,albireo to ! two />s zeta & epsilon 9 ,aquila is a v curi\s little gr\p1 consi/+ ( six or sev5 />s 9 a /raight r[1 ) a g>l& ( o!r />s hang+ f ! c5t]4 ,to see x be/1 take a field-glass1 al?\gh an op]a-glass %[s x4 ,i h indicat$ ! place ( ! celebrat$ /> #fa ,cygni 9 ! map1 because ( ! int]e/ atta*+ to x z ! ne>e/ to u1 s f> z we "k1 ( all ! />s 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 & ) "o exception ! ne>e/ /> 9 all ! heav5s4 ,yet x is v fa9t1 & ! fact t s inconspicu\s a /> %\ld be ne>] ?an su* brilliants z ,vega & ,arcturus %[s h[ wide is ! range ( magnitude among ! suns t light ! univ]se4 ,! actual di/ance ( #fa ,cygni is some?+ l #fej1jjj times z great z ! di/ance f ! e>? to ! sun4 ,! /> ,omicron 7omicron7 is v int]e/+ ) an op]a-glass4 ,! nak$ eye sees a little /> ne> x4 ,! glass ?r[s !m wide ap>t1 & divides omicron itself into two />s4 ,n[1 a field-glass1 if ( suffici5t p[]1 w divide ! l>g] ( ^! />s aga9 into two--a f9e te/4 ,sweep ar\nd alpha & gamma = ! spl5did />-fields t ab\nd 9 ?is neighborhood2 also ar\nd ! upp] "p ( ! figure ( ! cross4 ,we are "h 9 "o ( ! ri*e/ p>ts ( ! ,milky-,way4 ,betwe5 ! />s alpha1 gamma1 epsilon1 is ! /range d>k gap 9 ! galaxy call$ ! ,coal-,sack1 a sort ( hole 9 ! />ry heav5s4 ,al?\gh x is n entirely empty ( />s1 its blackness is /rik+ 9 contra/ ) ! brilliancy ( ! ,milky-,way 9 ?is neighborhood4 ,! div]g5t /reams ( ! great riv] ( light 9 ?is region pres5t a v rem>kable appe>ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #ac4 ,f9ally1 we come to ! great dragon ( ! sky4 ,9 us+ ! map ( ,draco & ! neighbor+ con/ellations1 ! read] is suppos$ to face ! nor?4 ,! c5t] ( ! upp] edge ( ! map is directly ov] ! obs]v]'s head4 ,"o ( ! /ories told ( ?is l>ge con/ellation is t x repres5ts a dragon t _h ! tem]ity to w> aga9/ ,m9]va4 ,! goddess seiz$ x 9 h] h&1 & hurl$ x1 twi/$ z x 01 into ! heav5s r\nd ! axis ( ! _w1 be=e x _h "t to unw9d its contortions4 ,o!rs say x is ! dragon t gu>d$ ! gold5 apples 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ! ,hesp]ides1 & t 0 sla9 by ! r$\btable ,h]cules4 ,at any rate1 x is pla9ly a mon/] ( ! fir/ magnitude4 ,! />s beta1 gamma1 xi1 nu1 & mu repres5t its head1 :ile its body runs trail+ along1 fir/ sweep+ 9 a long curve t[>d ,cepheus1 & !n b5d+ ar\nd & pass+ betwe5 ! two be>s4 ,try nu ) y\r op]a-glass1 & if y succe$ 9 see+ x d\ble y may congratulate y\rself on y\r ke5 sight4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! />s is ab\t #a'4 ,notice ! contra/$ colors ( gamma & beta1 ! =m] be+ a ri* orange & ! latt] :ite4 ,z y sweep along ! w9d+ way t ,draco foll[s1 y w run across _m /rik+ fields ( />s1 al?\gh ! heav5s are n z ri* "h z 9 ! spl5did regions t we h j left4 ,y w also f9d t ,cepheus1 al?\gh n an attractive con/ellation to ! nak$ eye1 is wor? "s att5tion ) an op]a-glass4 ,! head & upp] "p ( ! body ( ,cepheus are plung$ 9 ! /ream ( ! ,milky ,way1 :ile 8 feet are direct$ t[>d ! pole ( ! heav5s1 ^u :i* he is pictur$ z /&+4 ,cepheus1 h[ev]1 s9ks into insignificance 9 comp>ison ) its neighbor ,cassiopeia1 b t con/ellation belongs r to ! autumn sky1 & we %all pass x by "h4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,/>s ,,( ,,autumn4 ,,9 ! ,fif? ,ev5+ ( t delightful1 old1 out-(-date book ( ,font5elle's1 on ! ,plurality ( ,worlds1 ! ,a/ronom] & ! ,m>*ioness1 :o h be5 mak+ a wond]ful pilgrimage ?r\gh ! heav5s dur+ _! ev5+ /rolls 9 ! p>k1 come at la/ to ! />ry sy/ems beyond ! sol> vortex1 & ! ,m>*ioness exp]i5ces a lively impati5ce to "k :at ! fix$ />s w turn out to be1 = ! ,a/ronom] has %>p5$ h] appetite = m>vels4 ,tell me1 says %e1 eag]ly1 are !y1 too1 inhabit$ l ! planets1 or are !y n peopl$8 ,9 %ort1 :at c we make ( !m8 ,! ,a/ronom] answ]s 8 *>m+ que/ion]1 z we %\ld d to-day1 t ! fix$ />s are s _m suns4 ,& he adds to ?is in=mation a great deal ( ent]ta9+ talk ab\t ! planets t may be suppos$ to circle ar\nd ^! di/ant suns1 int]sp]s+ 8 conv]sation ) explanations ( vortexes1 & _m qua9t conceits1 9 :i* he is help$ out by ! ready wit ( ! ,m>*ioness4 ,f9ally1 ! impressionable m9d ( ! lady is ov]:elm$ by ! gr&eur ( ! sc5es t ! ,a/ronom] op5s to h] view1 h] head swims1 inf9ity oppresses h]1 & %e cries = m]cy4 ,y %[ me1 %e exclaims1 a p]spective s int]m9ably long t ! eye c n see ! end ( x4 ,i see pla9ly ! inhabitants ( ! e>?2 !n y cause me to p]ceive ^? ( ! moon & ( ! o!r planets belong+ to our vortex 7sy/em71 q cle>ly1 yet n s di/9ctly z ^? ( ! e>?4 ,aft] !m come ! inhabitants ( planets 9 ! o!r vortexes4 ,i confess1 !y seem to me hidd5 deep 9 ! backgr\nd1 &1 h[ev] h>d ,i try1 ,i c b>ely glimpse !m at all4 ,9 tru?1 are !y n almo/ annihilat$ by ! v expression :i* y are oblig$ to use 9 speak+ ( !m8 ,y h to call !m inhabitants ( "o ( ! planets conta9$ 9 "o out ( ! inf9ity ( vortexes4 ,surely we ourselves1 to :om ! same expression applies1 are almo/ lo/ among s _m millions ( worlds4 ,= my "p1 ! e>? beg9s to appe> s frightfully little to me t h5ce=? ,i %all h>dly consid] any object wor?y ( eag] pursuit4 ,assur$ly1 p :o seek s e>ne/ly _! own aggr&izem5t1 :o lay s*emes ^u s*emes1 & give !mselves s mu* tr\ble1 "k no?+ ( ! vortexes6 ,i am sure my increase ( k w r$\nd to ! cr$it ( my idl5ess1 & :5 p reproa* me ) indol5ce ,i %all reply3 ',ah6 if y b knew ! hi/ory ( ! fix$ />s6' ,x is c]ta9ly true t a contemplation ( ! un?9kable va/ness ( ! univ]se1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* we dwell ^u a speck illum9at$ by a sp>k1 is calculat$ to make all t]re/rial affairs appe> contemptibly insignificant4 ,we c n wond] t m5 = ages reg>d$ ! e>? z ! c5t]1 & ! heav5s ) _! lights z tribut>y to x1 = to h ?\ght o!rwise1 9 ^? times1 w\ld h be5 to see ?+s f ! po9t ( view ( a sup]ior intellig5ce4 ,x has tak5 a va/ am\nt ( exp]i5ce & k to conv9ce m5 ( ! p>vitude ( !mselves & _! belong+s4 ,s1 9 all ages !y h appli$ a t]re/rial measure to ! univ]se1 & imag9$ !y c\ld behold human affairs reflect$ 9 ! heav5s & human int]e/s sett+ ! gods toge!r by ! e>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map4 #ad4 ,?is is cle>ly %[n 9 ! /ory ( ! con/ellations4 ,! trem5d\s tru? t on a />ry night we look1 9 e direction1 into an almo/ endless vi/a ( suns beyond suns & sy/ems ^u sy/ems1 0 too ov]:elm+ = compreh5sion by ! inv5tors ( ! con/ellations4 ,s !y amus$ !mselves1 l imag9ative *ildr51 z !y 71 by trac+ ! outl9es ( m5 & bea/s =m$ by ^? pretty lights1 ! />s4 ,!y turn$ ! />ry heav5s into a scroll fill$ ) pictur$ /ories ( my?ology4 ,f\r ( ! con/ellations ) :i* we are go+ to deal 9 ?is *apt] are p>ticul>ly int]e/+ on ?is acc\nt4 ,!y pres]ve 9 ! />s1 m la/+ ?an p>*m5t or /one1 "o ( ! olde/ & mo/ pleas+ ( all ! romantic /ories t h amus$ & inspir$ ! m9ds ( m5--! /ory ( ,p]seus & ,&rom$a--a bett] /ory ?an any t mod]n noveli/s h inv5t$4 ,! f\r con/ellations to :i* ,i ref] be> ! names ( ,&rom$a1 ,p]seus1 ,cassiopeia1 & ,cepheus1 & are sometimes call$1 collectively1 ! ,royal ,family4 ,9 ! autumn !y occupy a conspicu\s position 9 ! sky1 =m+ a gr\p t rema9s unrival$ until ! ris+ ( ,orion ) 8 imp]ial cortege4 ,! read] w f9d !m 9 ,map ,no4 #ad1 occupy+ ! nor!a/]n qu>t] ( ! heav5s4 ,?is map repres5ts ! visible heav5s at ab\t midnight on ,septemb] #a/1 t5 o'clock ,p4 ,m4 on ,octob] #a/1 & eight o'clock ,p4 ,m4 on ,novemb] #a/4 ,at ?is "t ! con/ellations t 7 ne> ! m]idian 9 summ] w be f\nd s9k+ 9 ! we/1 ,h]cules be+ l[ 9 ! nor?we/1 ) ! brilliant ,lyra & ! head ( ,draco susp5d$ above x2 ,aquila1 ! eagle ( ! w9ds1 so>s high 9 ! s\?we/2 :ile ! ,cross ( ,cygnus is j we/ ( ! z5i?2 & ,sagitt>ius1 ) its weal? ( />-du/1 is disappe>+ "u ! horizon 9 ! s\?we/4 ,f> d[n 9 ! s\? ! obs]v] cat*es ! gleam ( a bright lone /> ( ! fir/ magnitude1 ?\gh n "o ( ! l>ge/ ( t class4 ,x is ,fomalhaut1 9 ! m\? ( ! ,s\!rn ,fi%1 ,piscis ,au/ralis4 ,a slight r$di% t9t w be p]ceiv$ 9 ! light ( ?is beautiful />1 ^: brilliance is enhanc$ by ! fact t x %9es )\t a rival 9 t region ( ! sky4 ,fomalhaut is "o ( ! important nautical />s1 & its position 0 long ago c>efully comput$ = ! b5efit ( m>9]s4 ,! con/ellation ( ,piscis ,au/ralis1 :i* w be f\nd 9 our second map1 does n possess mu* to int]e/ u except its spl5did lead+ />4 ,9 consult+ ,map #ae1 ! obs]v] is suppos$ to be fac+ s\?1 or slightly we/ ( s\?1 & he mu/ rememb] t ! upp] "p ( ! map rea*es ne>ly to ! z5i?1 :ile at ! bottom x ext5ds d[n to ! horizon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #ae4 ,to ! "r1 or we/1 ( ,fomalhaut1 & high] up1 is ! con/ellation ( ,capricornus1 v int]e/+ on _m acc\nts1 ?\gh by no means a /rik+ con/ellation to ! unassi/$ eye4 ,! />s ,alpha 7alpha71 call$ ,gi$i1 & ,beta 7beta71 call$ ,dabih1 w be readily recogniz$1 & a ke5 eye w p]ceive t ,alpha really consi/s ( two />s4 ,!y are ab\t six m9utes ( arc ap>t1 & are ( ! ?ird & ! f\r? magnitude respectively4 ,^! />s1 :i* to ! nak$ eye appe> almo/ bl5d$ into "o1 really h no physical connection ) ea* o!r1 & are sl[ly drift+ ap>t4 ,! anci5t a/ronom]s make no m5tion ( ,gi$i be+ compos$ ( two />s1 & ! reason is pla91 :5 x is kn[n t 9 ! "t ( ,hipp>*us1 z ,flamm>ion has po9t$ out1 _! di/ance ap>t 0 n m ?an two ?irds z great z x is at pres5t1 s t ! nak$ eye c\ld n h detect$ ! fact t !re 7 two ( !m2 & x 0 n until ! sev5te5? c5tury t !y got f> en\gh asund] to beg9 to be sep>at$ by eyes ( unusual p[]4 ,) an ord9>y op]a-glass !y are ?r[n well ap>t1 & pres5t a v pretty sight4 ,consid]+ ! mann] 9 :i* ^! />s are sep>at+1 ! fact t bo? ( !m h sev]al fa9t companions1 :i* our p[]ful telescopes reveal1 becomes all ! m int]e/+4 ,a sugge/ion ( ,sir ,john ,h]s*el1 conc]n+ "o ( ^! fa9t companions1 t x %9es by reflect$ light1 adds to ! int]e/1 = if ! sugge/ion is well f\nd$ ! little /> mu/1 ( c\rse1 be actually a planet1 & grant+ t1 !n "s ( ! o!r fa9t po9ts ( light se5 !re are probably planets too4 ,x mu/ be said t ! probabilities are aga9/ ,h]s*el's sugge/ion4 ,! fa9t />s m likely %9e ) _! own light4 ,ev5 s1 h[ev]1 ^! two sy/ems1 :i* app>5tly h met & are pass+ "o ano!r1 at a di/ance small z comp>$ ) ! space t sep>ates !m f u1 possess a peculi> int]e/1 l two cele/ial fleets t h spok5 "o ano!r 9 ! mid/ ( ! ocean ( space4 ,! /> ,beta1 or ,dabih1 is also a d\ble />4 ,! companion is ( a beautiful blue color1 g5]ally describ$ z sky-blue4 ,x is ( ! sev5? magnitude1 :ile ! l>g] /> is ( magnitude ?ree & a half4 ,! latt] is gold5-yell[4 ,! blue ( ! small /> c be se5 ) ei!r an op]a- or a field-glass1 b x requires c>eful look+ & a cle> & /eady atmosph]e4 ,i recollect discov]+ ! color ( ?is /> ) a field-glass1 & exclaim+ to myself1 ,:y1 ! little "o is z blue z a bluebell6 be=e ,i knew t t 0 its hue z se5 ) a telescope4 ,try+ my op]a-glass ^u x ,i f\nd t ! color 0 ev5 m di/9ct1 al?\gh ! small /> 0 !n m or less envelop$ 9 ! yell[ rays ( ! l>ge "o4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! two />s 9 ,dabih is ne>ly ! same z t betwe5 ! compon5ts ( epsilon ,lyrae1 & ! comp>ative difficulty ( sep>at+ !m is an in/ructive example ( ! effect ( a l>ge /> 9 conceal+ a small "o close beside x4 ,! two />s 9 epsilon ,lyrae are ( ne>ly equal brightness1 & are v easily sep>at$ & di/+ui%$1 b 9 beta ,capricorni1 or ,dabih1 "o /> is ab\t tw5ty times z bright z ! o!r1 & consequ5tly ! fa9t] /> is almo/ conceal$ 9 ! gl>e ( its m brilliant neighbor4 ,) ! mo/ p[]ful glass at y\r disposal1 sweep f ! /> ,zeta 7zeta7 ea/w>d a di/ance some:at great] ?an t sep>at+ ,alpha & ,beta1 & y w f9d a fif?-magnitude /> beside a little nebul\s spot4 ,?is is ! clu/] kn[n z #cj ,m1 "o ( ^? sun-sw>ms t ov]:elm ! m9d ( ! contemplative obs]v] ) a/oni%m5t1 & especially rem>kable 9 ?is case = ! app>5t vacancy ( ! heav5s imm$iately surr\nd+ ! clu/]1 z if all ! />s 9 t neighborhood _h be5 drawn into ! great assemblage1 leav+ a void ar\nd x4 ,( c\rse1 ) ! in/rum5t t our obs]v] is suppos$ to be us+1 m]ely ! exi/5ce ( ?is sol> ?rong c be detect$2 b1 if he sees t x is !re1 he may be l$ to provide himself ) a telescope capable ( reveal+ its glories4 ,admiral ,smy? rem>ks t1 al?\gh ,capricorn is n a /rik+ object1 x has be5 ! v pet ( all con/ellations ) a/rolog]s1 & he quotes f an old almanac ( ! ye> #achf1 t :oso is borne 9 ,capcorn s*al be ry*e & wel lufyd4 ,! my?ological acc\nt ( ! con/ellation is t x repres5ts ! goat into :i* ,pan 0 turn$ 9 ord] to escape f ! giant ,typhon1 :o once on a "t sc>$ all ! gods out ( _! wits1 & caus$ !m to *ange !mselves into animals1 ev5 ,jupit] assum+ ! =m ( a ram4 ,accord+ to "s au?orities1 ,piscis ,au/ralis repres5ts ! fi% into :i* ,v5us *ang$ h]self on t int]e/+ occasion4 ,directly above ,piscis ,au/ralis1 & to ! ea/ or left ( ,capricorn1 ! map %[s ! con/ellation ( ,aqu>ius1 or ! ,wat]-,be>]4 ,"s say ?is commemorates ,ganym$e1 ! cup-be>] ( ! gods4 ,x is repres5t$ 9 old />-maps by ! figure ( a "y man p\r+ wat] f an urn4 ,! /> ,alpha 7alpha7 m>ks 8 "r %\ld]1 & ,beta 7beta7 8 left1 & ,gamma 7gamma71 ,zeta 7zeta71 ,eta 7eta71 & ,pi 7pi7 indicate 8 "r h& & ! urn4 ,f ?is gr\p a curr5t ( small />s w be recogniz$1 sweep+ d[nw>d ) a curve t[>d ! ea/1 & end+ at ,fomalhaut2 ?is repres5ts ! wat] p\r$ f ! urn1 :i* ! ,s\!rn ,fi% appe>s to be dr9k+4 ,9 fact1 accord+ to ! pictures 9 ! old maps1 ! fi% succe$s 9 swall[+ ! /ream completely1 & x vani%es f ! sky 9 ! act ( ent]+ 8 di/5d$ m\?6 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k t 9 ,greek1 ,lat91 & ,arabic ?is con/ellation be>s names all ( :i* signify a man p\r+ wat]4 ,! anci5t ,egyptians imag9$ t ! sett+ ( ,aqu>ius caus$ ! ris+ ( ! ,nile1 z he sank 8 huge urn 9 ! riv] to fill x4 ,alpha ,aqu>ii 0 call$ by ! ,arabs ,sadalmelik1 :i* is int]pret$ to mean ! k+'s lucky />1 b :e!r x prov$ itself a lucky /> 9 w> or 9 love1 & :at p>ticul> k+ enjoy$ its b5ign influ5ce & record$ 8 gratitude 9 its "n1 we are n in=m$4 ,?us1 at e /ep1 we f9d h[ %r$s ( hi/ory & bits ( sup]/ition are entangl$ among ! />s4 ,surely1 humanity has be5 reflect$ 9 ! heav5s z la/+ly z x has impress$ itself ^u ! e>?4 ,/>t+ f ! gr\p ( />s j describ$ z =m+ ! ,wat]-,be>]'s urn1 foll[ ) a glass ! w9d+ /ream ( small />s t repres5t ! wat]4 ,sev]al v pretty & /rik+ assemblages ( />s w be enc\nt]$ 9 its c\rse4 ,! /> ,tau 7tau7 is d\ble & pres5ts a beautiful contra/ ( color1 "o /> be+ :ite & ! o!r r$di%-orange--two sol> sy/ems1 x may be1 app>5tly neighbors z se5 f ! e>?1 9 "o ( :i* daylight is :ite & 9 ! o!r r$6 ,po9t a good glass ^u ! /> m>k$ ,nu 7nu71 & y w see1 some:at less ?an a degree & a half to ! we/ ( x1 :at appe>s to be a fa9t /> ( betwe5 ! sev5? & eigh? magnitudes4 ,y w h to look %>p to see x4 ,x is ) y\r m9d's eye t y mu/ gaze1 9 ord] to p]ceive ! wond] "h hidd5 9 ! dep?s ( space4 ,t fa9t speck is a nebula1 unrival$ = int]e/ by _m ( ! l>g] & m conspicu\s objects ( t k9d4 ,"l ,rosse's great telescope has %[n t 9 =m x resembles ! planet ,saturn2 9 o!r words1 t x consi/s app>5tly ( a ball surr\nd$ by a r+4 ,b ! spectroscope proves t x is a gase\s mass1 & ! micromet]--suppos+ its di/ance to be equal to t ( ! />s1 & we h no reason to ?9k x less--t x mu/ be l>ge en\gh to fill ! :ole space includ$ )9 ! orbit ( ,neptune6 ,"h1 !n1 z has be5 said1 we seem to behold a g5esis 9 ! heav5s4 ,if ,laplace's nebul> hypo!sis1 or any ( ! modifications ( t hypo!sis1 repres5ts ! process ( =mation ( a sol> sy/em1 !n we may fairly conclude t su* a process is n[ actually 9 op]ation 9 ?is nebula 9 ,aqu>ius1 :]e a va/ r+ ( nebul\s matt] appe>s to h sep>at$ (f f ! sph]ical mass )9 x4 ,?is may n be ! true explanation ( :at we see !re1 b1 :atev] ! explanation is1 !re c be no "q ( ! high significance ( ?is nebula1 ^: %ape proclaims unmi/akably ! op]ation ( great metamorphic =ces !re4 ,( c\rse1 ) 8 insignificant optical means1 our obs]v] c see no?+ ( ! /range =m ( ?is object1 ! detection ( :i* requires ! aid ( ! mo/ p[]ful telescopes1 b x is mu* to "k :]e t unf9i%$ creation lies1 & to see x1 ev5 ?\gh dim9i%$ by di/ance to a m]e speck ( light4 ,turn y\r glass ^u ! /> %[n 9 ! map j above ,mu 7mu7 & ,epsilon 7epsilon74 ,y w f9d an attractive arrangem5t ( small />s 9 its neighborhood4 ,! /> m>k$ #ajd is d\ble to ! nak$ eye1 & ! r[ ( />s bel[ x is well wor? look+ at4 ,! /> ,delta 7delta7 indicates ! place :]e1 9 #agef1 ,tobias ,may] n>r[ly escap$ mak+ a discov]y t w\ld h anticipat$ t :i* a qu>t] ( a c5tury lat] made ! "n ( ,sir ,william ,h]s*el _w-r5[n$4 ,! planet ,uranus pass$ ne> ,delta 9 #agef1 & ,tobias ,may] saw x1 b x mov$ s sl[ly t he took x = a fix$ />1 nev] suspect+ t 8 eyes _h re/$ ^u a memb] ( ! sol> sy/em ^: exi/5ce 01 up to t "t1 unkn[n to ! inhabitants ( ,adam's planet4 ,above ,aqu>ius y w f9d ! con/ellation ,pegasus4 ,x is conspicu\sly m>k$ by f\r />s ( ab\t ! second magnitude1 :i* %9e at ! corn]s ( a l>ge squ>e1 call$ ! ,great ,squ>e ( ,pegasus4 ,?is figure is "s fifte5 degrees squ>e1 & at once attracts ! eye1 !re be+ few />s visible )9 ! quadrilat]al1 & no l>ge ones 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood to di/ract att5tion f x4 ,"o ( ! f\r />s1 h[ev]1 z w be se5 by consult+ ,map #ae1 does n belong to ,pegasus1 b to ! con/ellation ,&rom$a4 ,my?ologically1 ?is con/ellation repres5ts ! celebrat$ w+$ horse ( antiquity3 ,n[ heav5 8 fur!r w&]+ flight conf9es1 ,:]e1 spl5did ) 8 num]\s />s1 he %9es4 ,! /> ,alpha 7alpha7 is call$ ,m>kab2 ,beta 7beta7 is ,s*eat1 & ,gamma 7gamma7 is ,alg5ib2 ! f\r? /> 9 ! squ>e1 belong+ to ,&rom$a1 is call$ ,alph]atz4 ,al?\gh ,pegasus pres5ts a /rik+ appe>ance to ! unassi/$ eye1 on acc\nt ( its great squ>e1 x conta9s little to attract ! obs]v] ) an op]a-glass4 ,x w prove int]e/+1 h[ev]1 to sweep ) ! glass c>efully ov] ! space )9 ! squ>e1 :i* is comp>atively b>r5 to ! nak$ eye1 b 9 :i* _m small />s w be reveal$1 ( ^: exi/5ce ! nak$-eye obs]v] w\ld be unaw>e4 ,! /> m>k$ ,pi 7pi7 is an int]e/+ d\ble1 :i* c be sep>at$ by a good eye )\t artificial aid1 & :i*1 ) an op]a-glass1 pres5ts a f9e appe>ance4 ,& n[ we come to ,map ,no4 #af1 repres5t+ ! con/ellations ,cetus1 ,pisces1 ,aries1 & ! ,triangles4 ,9 consult+ x ! obs]v] is suppos$ to face ! s\!a/4 ,cetus is a v l>ge con/ellation1 & f ! peculi> con=mation ( its pr9cipal />s x c be readily recogniz$4 ,! head is to ! ea/1 ! /> ,alpha 7alpha71 call$ ,m5k>1 be+ 9 ! nose ( ?is imag9>y inhabitant ( ! sky-dep?s4 ,! con/ellation is suppos$ to repres5t ! mon/] t1 accord+ to fable1 0 s5t by ,neptune to dev\r ! fair ,&rom$a1 b ^: blood?ir/y design 0 happily & gallantly fru/rat$ by ,p]seus1 z we %all le>n f />ry my?ology fur!r on4 ,al?\gh be>+ ! "n ,cetus1 ! ,:ale1 ! pictures ( ! con/ellation 9 ! old maps d n pres5t u ) ! =m ( a :ale1 b t ( a mo/ extraord9>y scaly creature ) enorm\s jaws fill$ ) l>ge tee?1 a =k$ tongue1 =e-paws arm$ ) gigantic claws1 & a long1 crook$1 & dang]\s-look+ tail4 ,inde$1 ,aratus does n call x a :ale1 b a sea-mon/]1 & ,dr4 ,seiss w\ld h u believe t x 0 int5d$ to repres5t ! levia?an1 ^: t]rible pr[ess is celebrat$ 9 ! book ( ,job4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #af4 ,by f> ! mo/ int]e/+ object 9 ,cetus is ! /> ,mira4 ,?is is a fam\s v>iable--a sun t sometimes %9es a ?\s&-fold m brilliantly ?an at o!rs6 ,x *anges f ! second magnitude to ! n9? or t5?1 its p]iod f maximum to maximum be+ ab\t elev5 mon?s4 ,dur+ ab\t five mon?s ( t "t x is completely invisible to ! nak$ eye2 !n x beg9s to appe> aga91 sl[ly increas+ 9 brightness = "s ?ree mon?s1 until x %9es z a /> ( ! second magnitude1 be+ !n z bright z1 if n bright] ?an1 ! mo/ brilliant />s 9 ! con/ellation4 ,x reta9s ?is brilliance = ab\t two weeks1 & !n beg9s to fade aga91 &1 )9 ?ree mon?s1 once m disappe>s4 ,!re are v>i\s irregul>ities 9 its *anges1 :i* r5d] its exact p]iod some:at unc]ta91 & x does n always atta9 ! same degree ( brightness at its maximum4 ,= in/ance1 9 #aggi1 ,mira 0 almo/ equal 9 brilliance to a fir/-magnitude />1 b frequ5tly at its greate/ brightness x is h>dly equal to an ord9>y /> ( ! second magnitude4 ,by ! aid ( our little map y w readily be able to f9d x4 ,y w p]ceive t x has a slightly r$di% t9t4 ,wat* x f "o ( its maxima1 & y w see x gradually fade f sight until1 at la/1 only ! blackness ( ! empty sky appe>s :]e1 a few mon?s be=e1 a conspicu\s /> 0 visible4 ,keep wat* ( t spot1 & 9 due c\rse y w p]ceive ,mira %9+ !re aga9--a m]e speck1 b sl[ly bright5+--& 9 ?ree mon?s m ! wond]ful /> w blaze aga9 ) r5ew$ spl5dor4 ,kn[+ t our own sun is a v>iable />--?\gh v>iable only to a slight degree1 its v>iability be+ due to ! spots t appe> ^u its surface 9 a p]iod ( ab\t elev5 ye>s--we possess "s light t may be ca/ ^u ! my/]y ( ,mira's v>iations4 ,x seems n improbable t1 9 ! case ( ,mira1 ! surface ( ! /> at ! maximum ( spott$ness is cov]$ to an enorm\sly great] ext5t ?an occurs dur+ our own sun-spot maxima1 s t ! light ( ! />1 in/ead ( be+ m]ely dimm$ to an almo/ imp]ceptible ext5t1 z ) our sun1 is almo/ blott$ out4 ,:5 ! /> blazes ) unwont$ spl5dor1 z 9 #aggi1 we may fairly assume t ! p5t-up =ces ( ?is p]i%+ sun h bur/ =?1 z 9 a desp]ate /ruggle aga9/ ext9ction4 ,b no?+ c prevail aga9/ ! sl[1 remorseless1 unsw]v+ progress ( t obscuration1 :i* comes f ! leak+ away ( ! sol> heat1 & :i* con/itutes :at we may call ! dea? ( a sun4 ,& t ^w seems peculi>ly appropriate to describe ! end ( a body :i*1 dur+ its p]iod ( visible exi/5ce1 n only pres5ts ! highe/ type ( physical activity1 b is ! p>5t & support] ( all =ms ( life ^u ! planets t surr\nd x4 ,we might ev5 g s f> z to say t possibly ,mira pres5ts to u an example ( :at our sun w be 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 z ! dead & b>r5 moon %[s u1 z 9 a magician's glass1 ! approa*+ fate ( ! e>?4 ,=tunately1 human life is a m]e span 9 comp>ison ) ! aeons ( cosmic exi/5ce1 & s we ne$ h no fe> t ei!r we or our desc5dants = ?\s&s ( g5]ations %all h to play ! tragic role ( ,campbell's ,la/ ,man1 & endeavor to keep up a /\t he>t amid ! cra% ( "t by meanly boa/+ to ! p]i%+ sun1 ^: rays h nurtur$ u1 t1 ?\gh 8 pr\d race is end$1 we h confid5t anticipations ( immortality4 ,i tru/ t1 :5 man makes 8 exit f ?is t]re/rial /age1 x w n be 9 ! contemptible act ( kick+ a fall5 b5efactor4 ,!re are sev]al o!r v>iable />s 9 ,cetus1 b none possess+ mu* int]e/ = u4 ,! obs]v] %\ld look at ! gr\p ( />s 9 ! head1 :]e he w f9d "s int]e/+ comb9ations1 & also at ,*i1 :i* is ! little /> %[n 9 ! map ne> ,zeta 7zeta74 ,?is is a d\ble t w s]ve z a v good te/ ( eye & in/rum5t1 ! small] companion-/> be+ ( only sev5 & a half magnitude4 ,directly above ,cetus is ! long1 /raggl+ con/ellation ( ,pisces1 ! ,fi%es4 ,! ,nor!rn ,fi% is repres5t$ by ! gr\p ( />s ne> ,&rom$a & ! ,triangles4 ,a long b& or ribbon1 suppos$ to b9d ! fi% toge!r1 tr5ds !nce fir/ s\!a/ & !n we/ until x jo9s a gr\p ( />s "u ,pegasus1 :i* repres5ts ! ,we/]n ,fi%1 n to be conf\nd$ ) ! ,s\!rn ,fi% describ$ ne> ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt]1 :i* is a sep>ate con/ellation4 ,fable has1 h[ev]1 some:at conf\nd$ ^! fi%es2 = :ile1 z ,i h rem>k$ above1 ! ,s\!rn ,fi% is said to repres5t ,v5us aft] %e _h turn$ h]self into a fi% to escape f ! giant ,typhon1 ! two fi%es ( ! con/ellation we are n[ deal+ ) are also fabl$ to repres5t ,v5us & h] int]e/+ son ,cupid "u ! same disguise assum$ on precisely ! same occasion4 ,if ,typhon1 h[ev]1 0 s great a brute t ev5 ,cupid's arr[s 7 ( no avail aga9/ him1 we %\ld1 p]haps1 excuse my?ology = duplicat+ ! record ( s wondr\s an ev5t4 ,y w f9d x v int]e/+ to take y\r glass &1 beg9n+ ) ! attractive little gr\p 9 ! ,nor!rn ,fi%1 foll[ ! w9d+s ( ! ribbon1 ) its weal? ( t9y />s1 to ! ,we/]n ,fi%4 ,:5 y h arriv$ at t po9t1 sweep well ov] ! sky 9 t neighborhood1 & p>ticul>ly ar\nd & "u ! />s ,iota 7iota71 ,!ta 7!ta71 ,lambda 7lambda71 & ,kappa 7kappa74 ,if y are us+ a p[]ful glass1 y w be surpris$ & delight$ by :at y see4 ,bel[ ! /> ,omega 7omega71 & to ! left ( ,lambda1 is ! place :i* ! sun occupies at ! "t ( ! spr+ equ9ox--9 o!r words1 "o ( ! two cross+-places ( ! equ9octial or ! equator ( ! heav5s1 & ! ecliptic1 or ! sun's pa?4 ,! prime m]idian ( ! heav5s passes ?r\gh ?is po9t4 ,y c trace out ?is great circle1 f :i* a/ronomical longitudes are reckon$1 by draw+ an imag9>y l9e f ! equ9octial po9t j indicat$ ?r\gh alpha 9 ,&rom$a & beta 9 ,cassiopeia to ! pole-/>4 ,to ! left ( ,pisces1 & above ! head ( ,cetus1 is ! con/ellation ,aries1 or ! ,ram4 ,two pretty bright />s1 f\r degrees ap>t1 "o ( :i* has a fa9t] /> ne> x1 m>k x out pla9ly to ! eye4 ,^! />s are 9 ! head ( ! ,ram4 ,! brighte/ "o1 ,alpha 7alpha71 is call$ ,hamal2 ,beta 7beta7 is nam$ ,%]atan2 & its fa9t] neighbor is ,mes>?im4 ,accord+ to fable1 ?is con/ellation repres5ts ! ram t wore ! gold5 fleece1 :i* 0 ! object ( ! celebrat$ exp$ition ( ! ,argonauts4 ,!re is n mu* 9 ! con/ellation to int]e/ u1 except its hi/orical importance1 z x 0 m ?an two ?\s& ye>s ago ! lead+ con/ellation ( ! zodiac1 & /ill /&s fir/ 9 ! li/ ( ! zodiacal signs4 ,ow+ to ! precession ( ! equ9oxes1 h[ev]1 ! v]nal equ9octial po9t1 :i* 0 =m]ly 9 ?is con/ellation1 has n[ advanc$ into ! con/ellation ,pisces1 z we saw above4 ,gamma 7gamma71 ,arietis1 is int]e/+ z ! fir/ telescopic d\ble /> ev] discov]$4 ,its duplicity 0 detect$ by ,dr4 ,hooke :ile wat*+ ! passage ( a comet ne> ! /> 9 #affd4 ,s+ul>ly en\gh1 ! brighte/ /> 9 ! con/ellation1 n[ be>+ ! lett] alpha1 orig9ally did n belong to ! con/ellation4 ,ty*o ,brahe f9ally plac$ x 9 ! head ( ,aries4 ,! little con/ellation ( ! ,triangles1 j above ,aries1 is wor? only a pass+ notice4 ,insignificant z x appe>s1 ?is little gr\p is a v anci5t con/ellation4 ,x receiv$ its "n1 ,deltoton1 f ! ,greek lett] ,delta4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #ag4 ,! read] mu/ n[ be introduc$ to ! ,royal ,family4 ,al?\gh ! /ory ( ,p]seus & ,&rom$a is1 ( c\rse1 well kn[n to ne>ly all read]s1 yet1 on acc\nt ( ! great beauty & brilliancy ( ! gr\p ( con/ellations t p]petuate ! memory ( x among ! />s1 x is wor? recall+ "h4 ,x w be rememb]$ t1 z ,p]seus 0 return+ ?r\gh ! air f 8 conque/ ( ! ,gorgon ,m$usa1 he saw ! beautiful ,&rom$a *a9$ to a rock on ! sea-coa/1 wait+ to be dev\r$ by a sea-mon/]4 ,! poor girl's only (f5se 0 t h] "m1 ,cassiopeia1 _h boa/$ = h] t %e 0 fair] ?an ! sea-beauty1 ,at]gatis1 & = ?is ,neptune _h decre$ t all ! l& ( ! ,e?iopians %\ld be dr[n$ & de/roy$ unless ,&rom$a 0 deliv]$ up z a sacrifice to ! dreadful sea-mon/]4 ,:5 ,p]seus1 dropp+ d[n to le>n :y ?is maid5 0 *a9$ to ! rocks1 he>d f ,&rom$a's lips ! /ory ( h] woes1 he laugh$ ) joy4 ,"h 0 an adv5ture j to 8 lik+1 & besides1 unlike 8 previ\s adv5tures1 x involv$ ! fate ( a beautiful woman ) :om he 0 already 9 love4 ,c\ld he save h]8 ,well1 w\ldn't he6 ,! sea-mon/] might fright5 a k+dom full ( ,e?iops1 b x c\ld n %ake ! n]ves ( a h]o f ,greece4 ,he :isp]$ words ( enc\ragem5t to ,&rom$a1 :o c\ld sc>ce believe ! good news t a *ampion _h come to def5d h] aft] all h] fri5ds & royal relations _h des]t$ h]4 ,nei!r c\ld %e feel mu* confid5ce 9 h] "y *ampion's p[]s :5 sudd5ly h] horrifi$ gaze met ! awful levia?an ( ! deep advanc+ to 8 fea/6 ,b ,p]seus1 ) a w>n+ to ,&rom$a n to look at :at he 0 ab\t to d1 sprang ) 8 w+$ s&als up into ! air4 ,& !n1 z ,*>les ,k+sley has s beautifully told ! /ory-- ,on came ! great sea-mon/]1 coa/+ along l a huge black galley1 lazily brea/+ ! ripple1 & /opp+ at times by creek or headl& to wat* = ! laught] ( girls at _! blea*+1 or cattle paw+ on ! s&-hills1 or boys ba?+ on ! bea*4 ,8 great sides 7 fr+$ ) clu/]+ %ells & sea-we$s1 & ! wat] gurgl$ 9 & out ( 8 wide jaws z he roll$ along1 dripp+ & gli/5+ 9 ! beams ( ! morn+ sun4 ,at la/ he saw ,&rom$a1 & %ot =w>d to take 8 prey1 :ile ! waves foam$ :ite beh9d him1 & be=e him ! fi% fl$ leap+4 ,!n d[n f ! height ( ! air fell ,p]seus l a %oot+-/>--d[n to ! cre/ ( ! waves1 :ile ,&rom$a hid h] face z he %\t$4 ,& !n !re 0 sil5ce = a :ile4 ,at la/ %e look$ up trembl+1 & saw ,p]seus spr++ t[>d h]2 &1 in/ead ( ! mon/]1 a long1 black rock1 ) ! sea rippl+ quietly r\nd x4 ,p]seus _h turn$ ! mon/] into /one by hold+ ! blood-freez+ head ( ,m$usa be=e 8 eyes2 & x 0 fe> le/ ,&rom$a h]self might see ! ,gorgon's head1 & suff] ! fate ( all :o look$ ^u x1 t _h l$ him to =bid h] wat*+ him :5 he attack$ h] enemy4 ,aft]w>d he m>ri$ h]1 & ,cassiopeia1 ,&rom$a's "m1 & ,cepheus1 h] fa!r1 gave _! daught]'s rescu] a royal welcome1 & all ! ,e?iops rose up & bless$ him = ridd+ ! l& ( ! mon/]4 ,& n[1 if we *oose1 we c1 any fair night1 see ! pr9cipal *>act]s ( ?is old romance %9+ 9 />ry g>b 9 ! sky4 ,aratus saw !m !re 9 8 day1 m ?an two hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 & has left ?is description 9 8 ,skies1 z translat$ by ,po/e3 ,nor %all blank sil5ce :elm ! h>ass$ h\se ,( ,cepheus2 ! high heav5s "k _! "n1 ,= ,zeus is 9 _! l9e at few removes4 ,cepheus himself by ,%e-be> ,cynosure1 ,iasid k+ /&s ) uplift$ arms4 ,f 8 belt ?\ ca/e/ n a glance ,to see ! fir/ spire ( ! mighty ,dragon4 ,ea/w>d f him1 heav5-tr\bl$ que51 ) scanty />s ,b lu/r\s 9 ! full-moon$ night1 sits ,cassiopeia4 ,n num]\s nor d\ble-r[$ ,! gems t deck h] =m1 ,b l a key :i* ?r\gh an inw>d-fa/5$ ,fold+-door m5 ?ru/ to knock aside ! bolts1 ,!y %9e 9 s+le zigzag r[4 ,%e1 too1 o'er n>r[ %\ld]s /ret*+ ,uplift$ h&s1 seems wail+ = h] *ild4 ,= !re1 a w(ul /atue-=m1 is se5 ,&rom$a1 p>t$ f h] "m's side4 ,long ,i tr[ ,?\ wilt n seek h] 9 ! nightly sky1 ,s bright h] head1 s bright ,h] %\ld]s1 feet1 & girdle4 ,yet ev5 !re %e has h] arms ext5d$1 ,& %ackl$ ev5 9 heav52 uplift$1 ,outspread et]nally are ^? fair h&s4 ,h] feet po9t to h] bridegroom ,p]seus1 on ^: %\ld] !y re/4 ,he 9 ! nor?-w9d /&s gigantic1 ,8 "r h& /ret*$ t[>d ! ?rone ,:]e sits ! "m ( 8 bride4 ,z "o b5t on "s high de$1 ,du/-/a9$ he /rides ov] ! floor ( heav54 ,! mak]s ( old />-maps seem to h vi$ 9 ! ef=t to repres5t ) effect ! figures ( ,&rom$a1 ,p]seus1 & ,cassiopeia among ! />s1 & x mu/ be admitt$ t "s ( !m succe$$ 9 giv+ no small degree ( life & _s to _! sket*es4 ,! />ry ri*es ( ^! con/ellations are well mat*$ ) _! high my?ological repute4 ,ly+ 9 & ne> ! ,milky-,way1 !y are p>ticul>ly int]e/+ to ! obs]v] ) an op]a-glass4 ,besides1 !y include sev]al ( ! mo/ celebrat$ wond]s ( ! firmam5t4 ,9 consult+ ,map ,no4 #ag1 ! obs]v] is suppos$ to face ! ea/ & nor!a/4 ,we w beg9 our survey ) ,&rom$a4 ,! ?ree *ief />s ( ?is con/ellation are ( ! second magnitude1 & lie 9 a long1 b5d+ r[1 beg9n+ ) ,alpha 7alpha71 or ,alph]atz1 9 ! head1 :i*1 z we h se51 m>ks "o corn] ( ! great ,squ>e ( ,pegasus4 ,beta 7beta71 or ,mira*1 ) ! small] />s ,mu 7mu7 & ,nu 7nu71 =m ! girdle4 ,! ?ird ( ! *ief />s is ,gamma 7gamma71 or ,almaa*1 situat$ 9 ! left foot4 ,! little gr\p ( />s designat$ ,lambda 7lambda71 ,kappa 7kappa71 & ,iota 7iota71 m>k ! ext5d$ "r h& *a9$ to ! rock1 & ,zeta 7zeta7 & "s small] />s s\?we/ ( x %[ ! left arm & h&1 also /ret*$ =? & %ackl$4 ,9 se>*+ = picturesque objects 9 ,&rom$a1 beg9 ) ,alph]atz & ! gr\ps =m+ ! h&s4 ,bel[ ! girdle w be se5 a r rem>kable arrangem5t ( small />s 9 ! m\? ( ! ,nor!rn ,fi%4 ,n[ foll[ up ! l9e ( ! girdle to ! /> ,nu 7nu74 ,if y\r glass has a pretty wide field1 y\r eye w imm$iately cat* ! glimm] ( ! ,great ,nebula ( ,&rom$a 9 ! same field ) ! />4 ,?is is ! olde/ or e>lie/ discov]$ ( ! nebulae1 &1 ) ! exception ( t 9 ,orion1 is ! gr&e/ visible 9 ?is hemisph]e4 ,( c\rse1 n mu* c be expect$ ( an op]a-glass 9 view+ su* an object2 & yet a good glass1 9 cle> wea!r & ! abs5ce ( ! moon1 makes a v attractive spectacle ( x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,great ,,&rom$a ,,nebula4 ,by turn+ ! eyes aside1 ! nebula c be se51 ext5d$ z a fa9t1 wispy light1 mu* elongat$ on ei!r side ( ! bright] nucleus4 ,! cut "h giv5 %[s1 approximately1 ! appe>ance ( ! nebula1 toge!r ) "s ( ! small />s 9 its neighborhood1 z se5 ) a field-glass4 ,) l>ge telescopes x appe>s bo? l>g] & broad]1 exp&+ to a truly enorm\s ext5t1 & 9 ,bond's celebrat$ picture ( x we behold gigantic rifts runn+ l5g?wise1 :ile ! :ole field ( sky 9 :i* x is conta9$ appe>s spr9kl$ ov] ) m9ute />s app>5tly betwe5 u & ! nebula4 ,x 0 91 or1 probably m prop]ly speak+1 9 l9e )1 ?is nebula t a new /> sudd5ly %one out 9 #ahhe1 &1 aft] flick]+ & fad+ = a few mon?s1 disappe>$4 ,t ! outbur/ ( light 9 ?is /> _h any real connection ) ! nebula is exce$+ly improbable4 ,al?\gh x appe>$ to be close beside ! bright nucleus ( ! nebula1 x is likely t x 0 really hundr$s or ?\s&s ( millions ( miles ei!r ?is side or ! o!r side ( x4 ,:y x %\ld sudd5ly h blaz$ into visibility1 & !n 9 s %ort a "t h disappe>$1 is a "q z difficult z x is int]e/+4 ,! easie/ way to acc\nt = x1 if n ! mo/ satisfactory1 is to assume t x is a v>iable /> ( long p]iod1 & possess+ a v wide range ( v>iability4 ,"o significant fact t w\ld seem to po9t to "s connection betwe5 /> & ! nebula1 aft] all1 is t a simil> occurr5ce 0 notic$ 9 ! con/ellation ,scorpio 9 #ahfj1 & to :i* ,i h previ\sly ref]r$ 7see ,*apt] ,,ii74 ,9 t case a fa9t /> project$ aga9/ ! backgr\nd ( a nebula1 sudd5ly flam$ into comp>atively great brilliance1 & !n fad$ aga94 ,! *ances aga9/ ! accid5tal sup]position ( a v>iable /> ( su* extreme v>iability ^u a kn[n nebula occurr+ twice are s great t1 = t reason alone1 we might be ju/ifi$ 9 ?9k+ "s my/]i\s causal relation mu/ 9 ea* case exi/ betwe5 ! nebula & ! />4 ,! temptation to indulge 9 speculation is v great "h1 b x is bett] to wait = m light1 & confess t = ! pres5t ^! ?+s are inexplicable4 ,x w be f\nd v int]e/+ to sweep ) ! glass sl[ly f side to side ov] ,&rom$a1 gradually approa*+ t[>d ,cassiopeia or ,p]seus4 ,! increase 9 ! ri*ness ( ! /ratum ( fa9t />s t app>5tly =ms ! backgr\nd ( ! sky w be cle>ly disc]nible z y approa* ! ,milky-,way1 :i* passes directly ?r\gh ,cassiopeia & ,p]seus4 ,x may be rem>k$ t ! ,milky-,way itself1 9 t spl5didly ri* region ab\t ,sagitt>ius 7describ$ 9 ! ,/>s ( ,summ]71 is n ne>ly s effective an object ) an op]a-glass z x is above ,cygnus & 9 ! region ) :i* we are n[ deal+4 ,?is seems to be ow+ to ! small] magnitude ( its compon5t />s 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! /ream4 ,!re ! backgr\nd appe>s m truly milky1 :ile 9 ! nor!rn region ! little />s %9e di/9ct1 l diamond-specks1 on a black backgr\nd4 ,! /> ,nu1 :i* s]ves z a po9t] to ! ,great ,nebula1 is itself wor? "s att5tion ) a pretty /rong glass on acc\nt ( a pair ( small />s ne> x4 ,! /> ,gamma 7gamma7 is int]e/+1 n only z "o ( ! mo/ beautiful triples 9 ! heav5s 7an op]a-glass is f> too feeble an in/rum5t to reveal its companions71 b because x s]ves to indicate ! radiant po9t ( ! ,biela meteors4 ,!re 0 once a comet well kn[n to a/ronom]s by ! "n ( its discov]]1 ,biela4 ,x repeat$ its visits to ! neighborhood ( ! sun once 9 e six or sev5 ye>s4 ,9 #ahdf ?is comet a/oni%$ all obs]v]s by splitt+ into two comets1 :i* cont9u$ to run side by side1 l two equal rac]s1 9 _! c\rse ar\nd ! sun4 ,ea* develop$ a tail ( its own4 ,9 #aheb1 :5 ! tw9 comets 7 due aga91 ! a/ronomical _w 0 on ! qui vive1 & !y did n disappo9t expectation1 = back !y came out ( ! dep?s ( space1 /ill rac+1 b mu* f>!r ap>t ?an !y _h be5 be=e1 alt]nat+ 9 brightness z if ! long /ruggle _h ne>ly exhau/$ !m1 & f9ally1 l sp5t runn]s1 gr[+ fa9t & disappe>+4 ,!y h nev] be5 se5 s9ce4 ,9 #ahgb1 :5 ! comets %\ld h be5 visible1 if !y /ill exi/$1 a v />tl+ ?+ happ5$4 ,out ( ! nor!rn heav5s1 along ! track ( ! miss+ comets1 :]e ! e>? cross$ x1 on ! night ( ! #bg? ( ,novemb] came gli/5+ & da%+ ! fi]y spray ( a /orm ( meteors4 ,x 0 ! du/ & fragm5ts ( ! lo/ comet ( ,biela1 :i*1 aft] be+ split 9 two 9 #aheb1 _h evid5tly cont9u$ ! process ( dis9tegration until its comet>y "* 0 completely lo/4 ,x seems to h made a truly gho/ly exit1 = "r aft] ! meteor sw>m ( #ahgb a my/]i\s comet>y body 0 se51 :i* 0 suppos$ at ! "t to be ! miss+ comet itself1 & :i*1 x is n altoge!r improbable1 may h be5 a fragm5t ( x4 ,?ree days aft] ! meteors bur/ ov] ,europe1 x occurr$ to ,pr(essor ,kl9k]fues1 ( ,b]l91 t if !y came f ,biela's comet ! comet itself ought to be se5 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e retreat+ f its enc\nt] ) ! e>?4 ,on ,novemb] #cj? he s5t 8 n[ hi/orical telegram to ,mr4 ,pogson1 an a/ronom] at ,madras2 ,biela t\*$ e>? ,novemb] #bg?4 ,se>* ne> ,!ta ,c5tauri4 ,= ?irty-six h\rs aft] ! receipt ( ?is extraord9>y reque/ ,mr4 ,pogson 0 prev5t$ by cl\ds f scann+ ! heav5s ) 8 telescope4 ,:5 ! sky cle>$ at la/1 behold !re 0 a comet 9 ! place indicat$ 9 ! telegram6 ,x 0 glimps$ aga9 ! next night1 & !n cl\ds int]v5$1 & n a trace ( x 0 ev] se5 aft]w>d4 ,b e ye>1 on ! #bg? ( ,novemb]1 :5 ! e>? crosses ! orbit ( ! lo/ comet1 meteoric fragm5ts come plung+ into our atmosph]e1 burn+ z !y fly4 ,ord9>ily _! numb] is small1 b :51 z 9 #ahgb1 a sw>m ( ! meteors is 9 t "p ( _! orbit :i* ! e>? crosses1 !re is a brilliant spectacle4 ,9 #ahhe ?is occurr$1 & ! _w 0 treat$ to "o ( ! mo/ spl5did meteoric displays on record4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,att5dants ,,( ,,alpha ,,p]sei4 ,next let u turn to ,p]seus4 ,! b5d+ r[ ( />s m>k+ ! c5t] ( ?is con/ellation is v /rik+ & brilliant4 ,! brighte/ /> 9 ! con/ellation is ,alpha1 or ,alg5ib1 9 ! c5t] ( ! r[4 ,! head ( ,p]seus is t[>d ,cassiopeia1 & 9 8 left h& he grasps ! head ( ,m$usa1 :i* hangs d[n 9 su* a way t its pr9cipal /> ,beta1 or ,algol1 =ms a "r angle ) ,alg5ib & ,almaa* 9 ,&rom$a4 ,?is /> ,algol1 or ! ,demon1 z ! ,arabs call x1 is 9 "s respects ! mo/ wond]ful & int]e/+ 9 all ! heav5s4 ,x is z fam\s = ! v>iability ( its light z ,mira1 b x diff]s widely f t /> bo? 9 its p]iod1 :i* is v %ort1 & 9 ! ext5t ( ! *anges x und]goes4 ,dur+ ab\t two days & a half1 ,algol is equal 9 brilliance to ,alg5ib1 :i* is a second-magnitude />2 !n x beg9s to fade1 & 9 ! c\rse ( ab\t f\r & a half h\rs x s9ks to ! f\r? magnitude1 be+ !n ab\t equal to ! fa9t />s ne> x4 ,x rema9s ?us obscur$ = only a few m9utes1 & !n beg9s to bright5 aga91 & 9 ab\t f\r & a half h\rs m resumes its =m] brilliance4 ,?is ph5om5on is v easily obs]v$1 =1 z w be se5 by consult+ our little map1 ,algol c be readily f\nd1 & its *anges are s rapid t "u favorable circum/ances x c be se5 9 ! c\rse ( a s+le night to run ?r\gh ! :ole gamut4 ,( c\rse1 no optical in/rum5t :atev] is ne$$ to enable "o to see ^! *anges ( ,algol1 = x is pla9ly visible to ! nak$ eye ?r\gh\t1 b x w be f\nd int]e/+ to wat* ! /> ) an op]a-glass4 ,its p]iodic "t f m9imum to m9imum is two days1 tw5ty h\rs1 & =ty-n9e m9utes1 lack+ a few seconds4 ,any "o c calculate future m9ima = himself by add+ ! p]iodic "t above giv5 to ! "t ( any obs]v$ m9imum4 ,:ile spots ^u its surface may be ! cause ( ! v>iations 9 ! light ( ,mira1 x is believ$ t ! m rapid *anges ( ,algol may be due to ano!r cause2 namely1 ! exi/5ce ( a huge1 d>k body revolv+ swiftly ar\nd x at close qu>t]s 9 an orbit ^: plane is direct$ edgewise t[>d ! e>?1 s t at regul> int]vals ?is d>k body causes a p>tial eclipse ( ,algol4 ,not)/&+ ! attacks t h be5 made ^u ?is !ory1 x seems to hold its gr\nd1 & x w probably cont9ue to f9d favor z a work+ hypo!sis until "s fre% light is ca/ ^u ! problem4 ,x h>dly ne$s to be said t ! d>k body 9 "q1 if x exi/s1 mu/ be ( enorm\s size1 be>+ no su* insignificant proportion to ! size ( ,algol z ! e>? does to ! sun1 b be+ r ! rival 9 bulk ( its %9+ bro!r--a bl9d companion1 an ext+ui%$ sun4 ,!re 0 c]ta9ly great fitness 9 ! selection ( ! little gr\p ( />s ( :i* ?is my/]i\s ,algol =ms ! mo/ conspicu\s memb]1 to repres5t ! awful head ( ! ,gorgon c>ri$ by ! victori\s ,p]seus = ! confusion ( 8 enemies4 ,9 a d>k] age ?an ours ! w9k+ ( ?is demon-/> mu/ h seem$ a prodigy ( s9i/] import4 ,turn n[ to ! bright /> ,alg5ib1 or ,alpha ,p]sei4 ,y w f9d ) ! glass an exce$+ly attractive spectacle !re4 ,9 my note-book ,i f9d ?is entry1 made :ile sweep+ ov] ,p]seus = mat]ials = ?is *apt]3 ,! field ab\t ,alpha is "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ! sky = an op]a-glass4 ,/>s conspicu\sly rang$ 9 curv+ l9es & /reams4 ,a ho/ foll[s ,alpha f ! ea/ & s\?4 ,! picture on page #hd w give ! read] "s notion ( ! exce$+ beauty ( ?is field ( />s1 & ( ! s+ul> mann] 9 :i* !y are gr\p$1 z x 71 beh9d _! lead]4 ,a field-glass increases ! beauty ( ! sc5e4 ,! read] w f9d a />ry clu/] m>k$ on ,map #ag z ! ,great ,clu/]4 ,?is object c be easily detect$ by ! nak$ eye1 resembl+ a wisp ( lum9\s cl\d4 ,x m>ks ! h& 9 :i* ,p]seus clasps 8 diamond sword1 &1 ) a telescope ( m$ium p[]1 x is "o ( ! mo/ m>vel\sly beautiful objects 9 ! sky--a d\ble sw>m ( />s1 bright en\gh to be cle>ly di/+ui%$ f "o ano!r1 & yet s num]\s z to dazzle ! eye ) _! lively beams4 ,an op]a-glass does n possess suffici5t p[] to resolve ?is clu/]1 b x gives a />tl+ sugge/ion ( its half-hidd5 magnific5ce1 & ! obs]v] w be likely to turn to x aga9 & aga9 ) increas+ admiration4 ,sweep f ?is to ,alpha ,p]sei & beyond to get an idea ( ! procession ( suns 9 ! ,milky-,way4 ,! nebul\s-look+ clu/] m>k$ #cd ,m appe>s ) an op]a-glass l a fa9t comet4 ,ab\t a ?\s& ye>s ago ! !ologians und]took to recon/ruct ! con/ellation figures1 & to give !m a religi\s significance4 ,!y divid$ ! zodiac up among ! twelve apo/les1 ,/4 ,pet] tak+ ! place ( ,aries1 ) ! ,triangles = 8 mitre4 ,9 ?is recon/ruction ,p]seus 0 transmogrifi$ into ,/4 ,paul1 arm$ ) a sword 9 "o h& & a book 9 ! o!r2 ,cassiopeia became ,m>y ,magdal5e2 :ile poor ,&rom$a1 /ripp$ ( all h] beauty & romance1 0 turn$ into a sepul*re6 ,next look at ,cassiopeia1 :i* is di/9ctly m>k$ out by ! zigzag r[ ( />s s well describ$ by ,aratus4 ,"h ! ,milky-,way is s ri* t ! obs]v] h>dly ne$s any guidance2 he is sure to /umble ^u int]e/+ sights = himself4 ,! five brighte/ />s are g5]ally repres5t$ z indicat+ ! outl9es ( ! *air or ?rone 9 :i* ! que5 sits1 ! /> ,zeta 7zeta7 be+ 9 h] head4 ,look at ,zeta ) a good field-glass1 & y w see a s+ul> & brilliant array ( />s ne> x 9 a brok5 half-circle1 :i* may sugge/ ! notion ( a cr[n4 ,ne> ! little /> ,kappa 7kappa7 9 ! map w be se5 a small circle & ! figures #aegb4 ,?is %[s ! spot :]e ! fam\s tempor>y />1 :i* has ( late be5 frequ5tly ref]r$ to z ! ,/> ( ,be?lehem1 appe>$4 ,x 0 se5 9 #aegb1 & c>efully obs]v$ by ! fam\s a/ronom] ,ty*o ,brahe4 ,x seems to h sudd5ly bur/ =? ) a brilliance t out%one e o!r /> 9 ! heav5s1 n except+ ,sirius itself4 ,b its supremacy 0 %ort-liv$4 ,9 a few mon?s x _h sunk to ! second magnitude4 ,x cont9u$ to gr[ fa9t]1 exhibit+ "s rem>kable *anges ( color 9 ! mean "t1 & 9 less ?an a ye> & a half x disappe>$4 ,x has nev] be5 se5 s9ce4 ,b 9 #abfd1 & aga9 9 #ide1 a /> is said to h sudd5ly blaz$ out ne> t po9t 9 ! heav5s4 ,!re is no c]ta9ty ab\t ^! e>li] app>itions1 b1 assum+ t !y are n apocryphal1 !y might possibly indicate t ! /> se5 by ,ty*o 0 a p]iodical "o1 its p]iod consid]ably exce$+ ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,c>ry+ ?is suppos$ p]iod back1 x 0 f\nd t an app>ition ( ?is /> might h occurr$ ab\t ! "t ( ! bir? ( ,*ri/4 ,x did n require a v prolific imag9ation to sugge/ its id5tity ) ! s-call$ /> ( ! ,magi1 & h5ce ! leg5d ( ! ,/> ( ,be?lehem & its imp5d+ reappe>ance1 ( :i* we h he>d s mu* ( late4 ,x w be obs]v$1 f ! dates giv5 above1 t1 ev5 suppos+ !m to be correct1 no def9ite p]iod is indicat$ = ! reappe>ance ( ! />4 ,9 "o case ! int]val is ?ree hundr$ & eight ye>s1 & 9 ! o!r ?ree hundr$ & n9ete5 ye>s4 ,9 %ort1 !re are too _m suppositions & assumptions involv$ to all[ ( any cr$5ce be+ giv5 to ! !ory ( ! p]iodicity ( ,ty*o's wond]ful />4 ,at ! same "t1 nobody c say x is impossible t ! /> %\ld appe> aga91 & s x may be int]e/+ = ! read] to "k :]e to look = x4 ,_m ( ! mo/ beautiful sights ( ?is spl5did con/ellation are beyond ! rea* ( an op]a-glass1 & res]v$ = ! gr&] p[]s ( ! telescope4 ,we w pause b briefly ) ,cepheus1 = ! old k+'s con/ellation is comp>atively dim 9 ! heav5s1 z 8 "p 9 ! dramatic /ory ( ,&rom$a 0 contemptible1 & he seems to h got among ! />s only by virtue ( 8 relation%ip to m int]e/+ p]sons4 ,he does possess "o gem ( s+ul> beauty--! /> ,mu1 :i* may be f\nd ab\t two & a half degrees s\? ( ! /> ,nu 7nu74 ,x is ! s-call$ ,g>net ,/>1 ?us nam$ by ,william ,h]s*el1 :o advises ! obs]v]1 9 ord] to appreciate its color1 to glance f x to ,alpha ,cephei1 :i* is a :ite />4 ,mu is v>iable1 *ang+ f ! f\r? to ! six? magnitude 9 a long p]iod ( five or six ye>s4 ,its color is *angeable1 l its light4 ,sometimes x is ( a deep g>net hue1 & at o!r times x is orange-color$4 ,^u ! :ole1 x appe>s ( a deep] r$ ?an any o!r /> visible to ! nak$ eye4 ,if y h a good field-glass1 try its p[]s ^u ! /> ,delta 7delta7 ,cephei4 ,?is is a d\ble />1 ! compon5ts be+ ab\t =ty-"o seconds ( arc ap>t1 ! l>g] ( f\r & "o half magnitude1 & ! small] ( ! sev5? magnitude4 ,! latt] is ( a beautiful blue color1 :ile ! l>g] /> is yell[ or orange4 ,) a good eye1 a /eady h&1 & a cle> glass1 magnify+ n less ?an six diamet]s1 y c sep>ate !m1 & cat* ! contra/$ t9ts ( _! light4 ,besides be+ a d\ble />1 ,delta is v>iable4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,/>s ,,( ,,w9t]4 ,i h nev] beheld ! fir/ indications ( ! ris+ ( ,orion )\t a peculi> feel+ ( awak5$ expectation1 l t ( "o :o sees ! curta9 rise ^u a drama ( absorb+ int]e/4 ,& c]ta9ly ! magnific5t company ( ! w9t] con/ellations1 ( :i* ,orion is ! *ief1 make _! entrance ^u ! sc5e 9 a mann] t may be describ$ z almo/ dramatic4 ,fir/ 9 ! ea/ come ! _w-r5[n$ ,pleiades4 ,at ab\t ! same "t ,capella1 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( />s1 is se5 fla%+ above ! nor!a/]n horizon4 ,^! are ! sp>kl+ u%]s to ! com+ spectacle4 ,9 an h\r ! fi]y gleam ( ,aldeb>an appe>s at ! edge ( ! dome bel[ ! ,pleiades1 a /> noticeable among a ?\s& = its color alone1 besides be+ "o ( ! brighte/ ( ! heav5ly ho/4 ,! obs]v] famili> ) ! con/ellations kn[s1 :5 he sees ?is r$ /> :i* m>ks ! eye ( ! angry bull1 ,taurus1 t j beh9d ! horizon /&s ,orion ) />ry %ield & uprais$ club to meet ! *>ge ( 8 gigantic enemy4 ,) ,aldeb>an rises ! beautiful ,v-%ap$ gr\p ( ! ,hyades4 ,pres5tly ! />-/reams ( ,eridanus beg9 to appe> 9 ! ea/ & s\!a/1 ! imm$iate precursors ( ! ris+ ( ,orion3 ,& n[ ! riv]-flood's fir/ w9d+ rea* ,! becalm$ m>9] may see 9 heav51 ,z he wat*es = ,orion to espy if he ha? aught to say ,( ! night's measure or ! slumb]+ w9ds4 ,! fir/ glimpse we get ( ! h]o ( ! sky is ! long b5d+ r[ ( little />s t glitt] 9 ! lion's sk9 :i*1 accord+ to my?ology1 s]ves him = a %ield4 ,! great con/ellation !n advances maje/ically into sight4 ,fir/ ( its pr9cipal />s appe>s ,bellatrix 9 ! left %\ld]2 !n ! little gr\p =m+ ! head1 foll[$ closely by ! spl5did ,betelgeuse1 ! m>tial />1 fla%+ l a decoration ^u ! h]o's "r %\ld]4 ,!n come into view ! equally beautiful ,rigel 9 ! left foot1 & ! /rik+ r[ ( ?ree bright />s =m+ ! ,belt4 ,bel[ ^! hangs ano!r />ry p5dant m>k+ ! fam\s sword ( ,orion1 & la/ ( all appe>s ,saiph 9 ! "r knee4 ,!re is no o!r con/ellation conta9+ s _m bright />s4 ,x has two ( ! fir/ magnitude1 ,betelgeuse & ,rigel2 ! ?ree />s 9 ! ,belt1 & ,bellatrix 9 ! left %\ld]1 are all ( ! second magnitude2 & besides ^! !re are ?ree />s ( ! ?ird magnitude1 m ?an a doz5 ( ! f\r?1 & innum]able tw9kl]s ( small] magnitudes1 ^: comm+l$ sc9tillations =m a cele/ial illum9ation ( s+ul> spl5dor4 ,?us grac$ & arm$ he leads ! />ry ho/4 ,by ! "t ,orion has *as$ ! ,bull half-way up ! ea/]n slope ( ! firmam5t1 ! pe]less ,dog-,/>1 ,sirius1 is flam+ at ! edge ( ! horizon1 :ile f>!r nor? glitt]s ,procyon1 ! little ,dog-,/>1 & /ill high] are se5 ! tw9 />s 9 ,gem9i4 ,:5 ^! con/ellations h advanc$ well t[>d ! m]idian1 z %[n 9 our circul> map1 _! unit$ radiance =ms a sc5e nev] to be =gott54 ,c\nt+ "o ( ! />s 9 ,gem9i z ( ! fir/ rank1 !re are no less ?an sev5 fir/-magnitude />s rang$ ar\nd "o ano!r 9 a way t c n fail to attract ! att5tion & ! admiration ( ! mo/ c>eless obs]v]4 ,aldeb>an1 ,capella1 ! ,tw9s1 ,procyon1 ,sirius1 & ,rigel m>k ! angles ( a huge hexagon1 :ile ,betelgeuse %9es ) ruddy beauty n f> f ! c5t] ( ! figure4 ,! heav5s conta9 no o!r nak$-eye view comp>able ) ?is great array1 n ev5 ! glori\s cele/ial region :]e ! ,s\!rn ,cross %9es supreme1 be+ equal to x 9 spl5dor4 ,z an (fset to ! discom=ts ( w9t] obs]vations ( ! />s1 ! obs]v] f9ds t ! s(t] skies ( summ] h no su* m>vel\s brilliants to dazzle 8 eyes z ^? t illum9e ! hyemal heav5s4 ,to compreh5d ! real glories ( ! cele/ial sph]e 9 ! dep? ( w9t] "o %\ld sp5d a few cle> nights 9 ! rural di/ricts ( ,new ,york or ,new ,engl&1 :5 ! hills1 clad ) sp>kl+ blankets ( cru/$ sn[1 reflect ! glitt] ( ! liv+ sky4 ,9 ! pure fro/y air ! />s seem spl9t]$ & multipli$ indef9itely1 & ! bright] ones %9e ) a spl5dor ( light & color unkn[n to ! d5iz5 ( ! smoky city1 ^: eyes are dull$ & bl9d$ by ! gl>e ( /reetlights4 ,!re "o may detect ! delicate %ade ( gre5 t lurks 9 ! imp]ial blaze ( ,sirius1 ! beautiful rose-r$ light ( ,aldeb>an1 ! ri* orange hue ( ,betelgeuse1 ! blue-:ite radiance ( ,rigel1 & ! pe>ly lu/] ( ,capella4 ,if y h nev] se5 ! />ry heav5s except z !y appe> f city /reets & squ>es1 !n1 ,i _h almo/ said1 y h nev] se5 !m at all1 & especially 9 ! w9t] is ?is true4 ,i wi% ,i c\ld describe to y ! impression t !y c make ^u ! op5+ m9d ( a c\ntry boy1 :o1 kn[+ z yet no?+ ( ! little great _w ar\nd him1 /&s 9 ! yawn+ sil5ce ( night & beholds ! illimitably great _w above him1 look+ deep] ?an ?\ght c g into ! %9+ vi/as ( ! univ]se1 & ov]:elm$ ) ! wond] ( ^? m>%al$ suns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map4 #ah4 ,look+ n[ at ,map #ah1 we see ! heav5s z !y appe> at midnight on ! #a/ ( ,decemb]1 at #aj o'clock ,p4 ,m4 on ! #a/ ( ,janu>y1 & at #h o'clock ,p4 ,m4 on ! #a/ ( ,febru>y4 ,9 ! we/]n half ( ! sky we recognize ,&rom$a1 ,pegasus1 ,pisces1 ,cetus1 ,aries1 ,cassiopeia1 & o!r con/ellations t we /udi$ 9 ! ,/>s ( ,autumn4 ,f> ov] 9 ! ea/ we see ris+ ,leo1 ,canc]1 & ,hydra1 :i* we includ$ among ! ,/>s ( ,spr+4 ,occupy+ mo/ ( ! s\!rn & ea/]n heav5s are ! con/ellations :i* we are n[ to describe "u ! "n ( ! ,/>s ( ,w9t]1 because 9 t season !y are se5 "u ! mo/ favorable circum/ances4 ,i h already ref]r$ to ! admirable way 9 :i* ! pr9cipal />s ( "s ( ^! con/ellations are rang$ r\nd "o ano!r4 ,by ! aid ( ! map ! obs]v] c p]ceive ! relative position ( ! diff]5t con/ellations1 &1 hav+ fix$ ?is 9 8 m9d1 he w be prep>$ to /udy !m 9 detail4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #ai4 ,let u n[ beg9 ) ,map ,no4 #ai1 :i* %[s u ! con/ellations ( ,eridanus1 ,lepus1 ,orion1 & ,taurus4 ,eridanus is a l>ge ?\gh n v conspicu\s con/ellation1 :i* is g5]ally suppos$ to repres5t ! celebrat$ riv] n[ kn[n z ! ,po4 ,x has _h diff]5t names among diff]5t peoples1 b ! idea ( a riv]1 sugge/$ by its long1 w9d+ /reams ( />s1 has always be5 pres]v$4 ,accord+ to fable1 x is ! riv] into :i* ,phaeton fell aft] 8 disa/r\s attempt to drive ! *>iot ( ! sun = 8 fa!r ,phoebus1 & 9 :i* h>e-bra9$ adv5ture he n>r[ly miss$ burn+ ! _w up4 ,! imag9>y riv] />ts f ! brilliant /> ,rigel1 9 ! left foot ( ,orion1 & fl[s 9 a broad upw>d b5d t[>d ! we/2 !n x turns 9 a s\!rly direction until x rea*es ! bright /> ,gamma 7gamma71 :]e x b5ds %>ply to ! nor?1 & !n quickly sweeps (f to ! we/ once m1 until x meets ! gr\p ( />s m>k+ ! head ( ,cetus4 ,!nce x runs s\?1 gradually turn+ ea/w>d1 until x fl[s back m ?an half-way to ,orion4 ,f9ally x curves s\? aga9 & disappe>s b5ea? ! horizon4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole di/ance ( m ?an #ajj deg4 ! c\rse ( ! /ream is m>k$ by r[s ( />s1 & c be recogniz$ )\t difficulty by ! amateur obs]v]4 ,! fir/ ?+ to d ) y\r op]a-glass1 aft] y h fix$ ! g5]al outl9es ( ! con/ellation 9 y\r m9d by nak$-eye obs]vations1 is to sweep sl[ly ov] ! :ole c\rse ( ! /ream1 beg9n+ at ,rigel1 & foll[+ its v>i\s w&]+s4 ,eridanus ends 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e ne> a fir/-magnitude /> call$ ,a*]n>1 :i* is situat$ 9 ! /ream1 b c n be se5 f our latitudes4 ,along ! /ream y w f9d _m int]e/+ gr\p+s ( ! />s4 ,9 ! map see ! pair ( />s bel[ & to ! "r ( ,nu 7nu74 ,^! are ! two ,omicrons1 ! upp] "o be+ omicron & ! l[] "o omicron squ>$4 ,! latt] is ( an orange hue1 & is rem>kable = ! spe$ ) :i* x is fly+ ?r\gh space4 ,!re are only "o or two />s ^: prop] motion1 z x is call$1 is m rapid ?an t ( omicron squ>$ 9 ,eridanus4 ,x *anges its place ne>ly sev5 m9utes ( arc 9 a c5tury4 ,! records ( ! e>lie/ obs]vations we possess %[ t ne> ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era x 0 ab\t half-way betwe5 omicron & nu4 ,its companion omicron1 on ! contr>y1 seems to be almo/ /ation>y1 s t omicron squ>$ w gradually draw away f x1 pass+ on t[>d ! s\?we/ until1 9 ! c\rse ( c5turies1 x w become invisible f our latitudes4 ,?is fly+ /> is accompani$ by two m9ute companions1 :i* 9 !mselves =m a close & v delicate d\ble />4 ,^! two little />s1 ( only #i4e & #aj4e magnitude1 respectively1 are1 ( c\rse beyond ! k5 ( ! obs]v] ) an op]a-glass4 ,! sy/em ( :i* !y =m a "p1 h[ev]1 is int5sely int]e/+1 s9ce ! appe>ances indicate t !y belong1 9 ! mann] ( satellites1 to omicron squ>$1 & are fell[-voyag]s ( t wond]ful />4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,horns ,,( ,,taurus4 ,hav+ admir$ ! />-gr\ps ( ,eridanus1 "o ( ! prettie/ ( :i* is to be se5 ar\nd ,beta 7beta71 let u turn next to ,taurus1 j above or nor? ( ,eridanus4 ,two rem>kable clu/]s at once attract ! eye1 ! ,hyades1 :i* are %ap$ some:at l ! lett] ,v1 ) ,aldeb>an 9 ! upp] end ( ! left-h& bran*1 & ! ,pleiades1 ^: silv]y glitt]+ has made !m celebrat$ 9 all ages4 ,! ,pleiades are 9 ! %\ld] & ! ,hyades 9 ! face ( ,taurus1 ,aldeb>an mo/ appropriately repres5t+ "o ( 8 blaz+ eyes z he hurls himself aga9/ ,orion4 ,! con/ellation-mak]s did n tr\ble !mselves to make a complete ,bull1 & only ! head & =e-qu>t]s ( ! animal are repres5t$4 ,if ,taurus _h be5 complet$ on ! scale on :i* he 0 begun1 !re w\ld h be5 no room 9 ! sky = ,aries2 "o ( ! ,fi%es w\ld h _h to ab&on 8 cele/ial swimm+-place1 & ev5 ! fair ,&rom$a w\ld h f\nd h]self uncom=tably situat$4 ,b1 z if to make am5ds = neglect+ to furni% _! heav5ly ,bull ) h9d-qu>t]s1 ! anci5ts gave him a mo/ prodigi\s & beautiful pair ( horns1 :i* make ! behold] feel al>m = ! safety ( ,orion4 ,/>t+ out ( ! head above ! ,hyades1 z illu/rat$ 9 our cut1 ! horns curve upw>d & to ! ea/1 ea* be+ tipp$ by a bright />4 ,along & betwe5 ! horns runs a scatt]$ & brok5 /ream ( m9ute />s :i* seem to be ga!r$ into knots j beyond ! end ( ! horns1 :]e !y dip into ! edge ( ! ,milky-,way4 ,_m ( ^! />s c be se51 on a d>k night1 ) an ord9>y op]a-glass1 b1 to see !m well1 "o %\ld use z l>ge a field-glass z he c obta94 ,) su* a glass _! appe>ance almo/ makes "o suspect t ,virgil _h a poetic prevision ( ! wond]s yet to be reveal$ by ! telescope :5 he wrote1 z r5d]$ by ,dryd51 ( ! season-- ,:5 ) 8 gold5 horns 9 full c>e] ,! ,bull beats d[n ! b>ri]s ( ! ye>4 ,bel[ ! tips ( ! horns1 & ov] ,orion's head1 !re are also ri* clu/]s ( />s1 z if ! ,bull 7 flaunt+ %r$s ( sp>kl+ raim5t torn f "s cele/ial victim ( 8 fury4 ,) an ord9>y glass1 h[ev]1 ! obs]v] w n f9d ?is />-spr9kl$ region ar\nd ! horns ( ,taurus z brilliant a spectacle z t pres5t$ by ! ,hyades & ! gr\p ( />s j above !m 9 ! ,bull's e>4 ,! two />s 9 ! tips ( ! horns are bo? int]e/+1 ea* 9 a diff]5t way4 ,! upp] & bright] "o ( ! two1 m>k$ ,beta 7beta7 9 ,map ,no4 #ai1 is call$ ,el ,na?4 ,x is common to ! left horn ( ,taurus & ! "r foot ( ,auriga1 :o is repres5t$ /&+ j above4 ,x is a s+ul>ly :ite />4 ,?is quality ( its light becomes conspicu\s :5 x is look$ at ) a glass4 ,! mo/ inexp]i5c$ obs]v] w h>dly fail to be impress$ by ! pure :it5ess ( ,el ,na?1 9 comp>ison ) :i* he w f9d t _m ( ! />s he _h suppos$ to be :ite %[ a decid$ t+e ( color4 ,! /> 9 ! tip ( ! "r or s\!rn horn1 ,zeta 7zeta71 is rem>kable1 n on its own acc\nt1 b because x s]ves z a po9t] to a fam\s nebula1 ! discov]y ( :i* l$ ,messi] to =m 8 catalogue ( nebulae4 ,?is is sometimes call$ ! ,crab ,nebula1 f ! long sprays ( nebul\s matt] :i* 7 se5 surr\nd+ x ) ,"l ,rosse's great telescope4 ,our little sket* is simply int5d$ to enable ! obs]v] to locate ?is /range object4 ,if he wi%es to /udy its appe>ance1 he mu/ use a p[]ful telescope4 ,b ) a fir/-rate field-glass he c see x z a speck ( light 9 ! position %[n 9 ! cut1 :]e ! l>ge /> is ,zeta & ! small] ones are fa9t />s1 ! relative position ( :i* w enable ! obs]v] to f9d ! nebula1 if he keeps 9 m9d t ! top ( ! cut is t[>d ! nor?4 ,x is notewor?y t ?is nebula = a "t deceiv$ sev]al ( ! wat*]s :o 7 on ! look\t = ! pr$ict$ return ( ,halley's comet 9 #ahce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,crab ,,nebula4 ,& n[ let u look at ! ,hyades1 an assemblage ( />s n less beautiful ?an _! m celebrat$ si/]s ! ,pleiades4 ,! lead] ( ! ,hyades is ,aldeb>an1 or ,alpha ,tauri1 & 8 foll[]s are wor?y ( _! lead]4 ,! inexp]i5c$ obs]v] is c]ta9 to be surpris$ by ! display ( />s :i* an op]a-glass br+s to view 9 ! ,hyades4 ,our illu/ration w give "s notion ( _! appe>ance ) a l>ge field-glass4 ,! bracki% poet1 ( ^: rhymes ,admiral ,smy? 0 s fond1 ?us describes ! ,hyades3 ,9 lu/r\s dignity al(t see ,alpha ,tauri %9e1 ,! spl5did zone he decorates atte/s ! ,p[] div9e3 ,= m>k ar\nd :at glitt'r+ orbs attract ! w&]+ eye1 ,y'll soon confess no o!r /> has su* att5dants nigh4 ,! r$ness ( ! light ( ,aldeb>an is a v int]e/+ ph5om5on4 ,c>eful obs]vation detects a decid$ diff]5ce betwe5 its color & t ( ,betelgeuse1 or ,alpha ,orionis1 :i* is also a r$ />4 ,x diff]s1 too1 f ! brilliant r$ /> ( summ]1 ,ant>es4 ,aldeb>an has a trace ( rose-color 9 its light1 :ile ,betelgeuse is ( a v deep orange1 & ,ant>es may be describ$ z fire-r$4 ,^! %ades ( color c easily be detect$ by ! nak$ eye aft] a little practice4 ,fir/ comp>e ,aldeb>an & ,betelgeuse1 & glance f ea* to ! brilliant :ite1 or blui%-:ite1 /> ,rigel 9 ,orion's foot4 ,^u turn+ ! eye back f ,rigel to ,aldeb>an ! peculi> color ( ! latt] is readily p]ceiv$4 ,spectroscopic analysis has reveal$ ! pres5ce 9 ,aldeb>an ( hydrog51 sodium1 magnesium1 calcium1 iron1 bismu?1 tellurium1 antimony1 & m]cury4 ,& s mod]n discov]ies1 :ile !y h pu%$ back ! />s to di/ances ( :i* ! anci5ts c\ld n conceive1 h1 at ! same "t1 & equally1 wid5$ ! recogniz$ b\nd>ies ( ! physical univ]se & aboli%$ =ev] ! anci5t di/9ction betwe5 ! heav5s & ! e>?4 ,x is a pla9 road f ! e>? to ! />s1 ?\gh mortal feet c n tread x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,hyades4 ,keep+ 9 m9d t 9 our little picture ( ! ,hyades ! top is nor?1 ! "r h& we/1 & ! left h& ea/1 ! read] w be able to id5tify ! pr9cipal />s 9 ! gr\p4 ,aldeb>an is readily recogniz$1 because x is ! l>ge/ ( all4 ,! bright /> ne> ! upp] edge ( ! picture is ,epsilon ,tauri1 & its si/] />1 =m+ ! po9t ( ! ,v1 is ,gamma ,tauri4 ,! ?ree brighte/ />s betwe5 ,epsilon & ,gamma1 =m+ a little gr\p1 are ! ,deltas1 :ile ! pair ( />s surr\nd$ by _m small] ones1 half-way betwe5 ,aldeb>an & ,gamma1 are ! ,!tas4 ,^! />s pres5t a v pretty appe>ance1 view$ ) a good glass1 ! effect be+ height5$ by a contra/ ( color 9 ! two ,!tas4 ,! little pair s\!a/ ( ,aldeb>an1 call$ ! ,sigmas1 is also a beautiful object4 ,! di/ance ap>t ( ^! />s is ab\t sev5 m9utes ( arc1 :ile ! di/ance betwe5 ! two ,!tas is ab\t five & a half m9utes ( arc4 ,^! measures may be useful to ! read] 9 e/imat+ ! di/ances betwe5 o!r />s t he may obs]ve4 ,x w also be f\nd an int]e/+ te/ ( ! eye-sight to endeavor to see ^! />s z d\bles )\t ! aid ( a glass4 ,p]sons hav+ ke5 eyes w be able to accompli% ?is4 ,nor? ( ! /> ,epsilon w be se5 a little gr\p 9 ! e> ( ! ,bull 7see cut1 ,! ,gold5 ,horns ( ,taurus71 :i* pres5ts a brilliant appe>ance ) a small glass4 ,! s\!rnmo/ pair 9 ! gr\p are ! ,kappas1 ^: di/ance ap>t is v ne>ly ! same z t ( ! ,!tas1 describ$ above2 b ,i ?9k x improbable t anybody c\ld sep>ate !m ) ! nak$ eye1 z !re is a full magnitude betwe5 !m 9 brightness1 & ! small] /> is only ( magnitude #f4e1 :ile six?-magnitude />s are g5]ally reckon$ z ! smalle/ t c be se5 by ! nak$ eye4 ,above ! ,kappas1 & 9 ! same gr\p 9 ! e>1 are ! two ,upsilons1 =m+ a wid] pair4 ,next we come to ! ,pleiades3 ,?\gh small _! size & pale _! light1 wide is _! fame4 ,9 e age & 9 e c\ntry ! ,pleiades h be5 wat*$1 admir$1 & wond]$ at1 = !y are visible f e inhabit$ l& on ! globe4 ,to _m !y are popul>ly kn[n z ! ,sev5 ,/>s1 al?\gh few p]sons c see m ?an six />s 9 ! gr\p ) ! unaid$ eye4 ,x is a s+ul> fact t _m ( ! e>lie/ writ]s decl>e t only six ,pleiades c be se51 al?\gh !y all ass]t t !y are sev5 9 numb]4 ,^! sev5 7 ! fabl$ daught]s ( ,atlas1 or ! ,atlantides1 ^: names 7 ,m]ope1 ,alcyone1 ,cela5o1 ,electra1 ,taygeta1 ,a/]ope1 & ,maia4 ,"o ( ! /ories connect$ ) !m is t ,m]ope m>ri$ a mortal1 :]eupon h] /> grew dim among h] si/]s4 ,ano!r fable assures u t ,electra1 unable to endure ! sight ( ! burn+ ( ,troy1 hid h] face 9 h] h&s1 & s blott$ h] /> f ! sky4 ,:ile we may smile at ^! /ories1 we c n entirely disreg>d !m1 = !y are int]m+l$ ) "s ( ! ri*e/ lit]>y treasures ( ! _w1 & !y come to u1 l "s old keepsake1 p]fum$ ) ! memory ( a pa/ age4 ,! my?ological hi/ory ( ! ,pleiades is int5sely int]e/+1 too1 because x is _w-wide4 ,!y h impress$ _! m>k1 9 "o way or ano!r1 ^u ! habits1 cu/oms1 traditions1 language1 & hi/ory ( probably e nation4 ,?is is true ( savage tribes z well z ( great empires4 ,! ,pleiades furni% "o ( ! pr9cipal l9ks t appe> to connect ! beg9n+s ( human hi/ory ) t wond]ful prehi/oric pa/1 :]e1 z ?r\gh a gulf ( mi/1 we seem to p]ceive fa9tly ! gl[ ( a gold5 age beyond4 ,! connection ( ! ,pleiades ) traditions ( ! ,flood is mo/ rem>kable4 ,9 almo/ e "p ( ! _w1 & 9 v>i\s ages1 ! celebration ( a fea/ or fe/ival ( ! dead1 dimly connect$ by traditions ) "s great calamity to ! human race 9 ! pa/1 has be5 f\nd to be directly relat$ to ! ,pleiades4 ,?is fe/ival or rite1 :i* has be5 discov]$ 9 v>i\s =ms among ! anci5t ,h9doos1 ,egyptians1 ,p]sians1 ,p]uvians1 ,mexicans1 ,druids1 etc41 occurs always 9 ! mon? ( ,novemb]1 & is regulat$ by ! culm9ation ( ! ,pleiades4 ,! ,egyptians directly connect$ ?is celebration ) a deluge1 & ! ,mexicans1 at ! "t ( ! ,spani% conque/1 _h a tradition t ! _w _h once be5 de/roy$ at ! "t ( ! midnight culm9ation ( ! ,pleiades4 ,among ! savages inhabit+ ,au/ralia & ! ,pacific isl& gr\ps a simil> rite has be5 discov]$4 ,x has also be5 sugge/$ t ! ,japanese fea/ ( lant]ns is n improbably relat$ to ?is _w-wide obs]vance ( ! ,pleiades1 z commemorat+ "s calamit\s ev5t 9 ! f> pa/ :i* involv$ ! :ole race ( man 9 its effects4 ,! ,pleiades also h a suppos$ connection ) t my/]y ( my/]ies1 ! great ,pyramid ( ,*eops4 ,x has be5 f\nd t ab\t ! ye> #bagj ,b4 ,c41 :5 ! beg9n+ ( spr+ co9cid$ ) ! culm9ation ( ! ,pleiades at midnight1 t wond]ful gr\p ( />s 0 visible1 j at midnight1 ?r\gh ! my/]i\s s\?w>d-po9t+ passage ( ! ,pyramid4 ,at ! same date ! !n pole-/>1 ,alpha ,draconis1 0 visible ?r\gh ! nor?w>d-po9t+ passage ( ! ,pyramid4 ,ano!r curi\s my? involv+ ! ,pleiades z a "p ( ! con/ellation ,taurus is t :i* repres5ts ?is con/ellation z ! ,bull into :i* ,jupit] *ang$ himself :5 he c>ri$ ! fair ,europa away f ,pho5icia to ! cont95t t n[ be>s h] "n4 ,9 ?is /ory ! fact t only ! head & =e-qu>t]s ( ! ,bull are visible 9 ! sky is acc\nt$ = on ! gr\nd t ! rema9d] ( 8 body is b5ea? ! wat] ?r\gh :i* he is swimm+4 ,"h1 !n1 is ano!r app>5t l9k ) ! leg5ds ( ! ,flood1 ) :i* ! ,pleiades h be5 s /rangely connect$1 z by common cons5t among _m nations1 & 9 ! mo/ widely sep>at$ p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,) ! mo/ p[]ful field-glass y may be able to see all ( ! />s repres5t$ 9 our picture ( ! ,pleiades4 ,) an ord9>y op]a-glass ! fa9t] ones w n be visible2 yet ev5 ) su* a glass ! sc5e is a rem>kable "o4 ,n only all ( ! ,sev5 ,si/]s1 b _m o!r />s1 c be se5 tw9kl+ among !m4 ,! sup]iority ( ,alcyone to ! o!rs1 :i* is n s cle> to ! nak$ eye1 becomes v app>5t4 ,alcyone is ! l>ge /> bel[ ! middle ( ! picture ) a triangle ( little />s beside x4 ,to ! left or ea/ ( ,alcyone ! two mo/ conspicu\s />s are ,atlas & ,pleione4 ,! latt]--:i* is ! upp]mo/ "o--is repres5t$ too l>ge 9 ! picture4 ,x requires a %>p eye to see ,pleione )\t a glass1 :ile ,atlas is pla9ly visible to ! unaid$ vision1 & is always c\nt$ among ! nak$-eye ,pleiades1 al?\gh x does n be> ! "n ( "o ( ! my?ological si/]s1 b t ( _! fa!r4 ,! bright /> bel[ & to ! "r ( ,alcyone is ,m]ope2 ! "o ne> ! "r-h& edge ( ! picture1 ab\t on a level ) ,alcyone1 is ,electra4 ,above1 or to ! nor? ( ,electra1 are two bright />s ly+ 9 a l9e po9t+ t[>d ,alcyone2 ! upp] "o ( ^!1 or ! "o f>!/ f ,alcyone1 is ,taygeta1 & ! o!r is ,maia4 ,above ,taygeta & ,maia1 & =m+ a little triangle ) !m1 is a pair ( />s :i* be>s ! "n ( ,a/]ope4 ,ab\t half-way betwe5 ,taygeta & ,electra1 & directly above ! latt]1 is ,cela5o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,pleiades4 ,! nak$-eye obs]v] w probably f9d x difficult to decide :i* he c detect ! m easily1 ,cela5o or ,pleione1 :ile he w discov] t ,a/]ope1 al?\gh compos$ ( two />s1 z se5 ) a glass1 is s fa9t z to be mu* m difficult ?an ei!r ,cela5o or ,pleione4 ,unless1 z is n improbable1 ! names h become int]*ang$ 9 ! c\rse ( c5turies1 ! brightness ( ^! />s w\ld seem to h und]gone rem>kable *anges4 ,! /> ( ,m]ope1 x w be rememb]$1 0 said to h become indi/9ct1 or disappe>$1 because %e m>ri$ a mortal4 ,at pres5t ,m]ope is "o ( ^? t c be pla9ly se5 ) ! nak$-eye1 :ile ! /> ( ,a/]ope1 :o 0 said to h _h ! god ,m>s = h] sp\se1 has fad$ away until only a glass c %[ x4 ,x w\ld appe>1 !n1 t not)/&+ an occasional tempor>y eclipse1 x is1 9 ! long run1 bett] to m>ry a pla9 mortal ?an a god4 ,electra1 too1 :o hid h] eyes at ! sight ( burn+ ,troy1 seems to h recov]$ f h] fright1 & is at pres5t1 next to ,alcyone1 ! brighte/ /> 9 ! clu/]4 ,b1 h[ev] we may reg>d ^? *anges 9 ! brightness ( ! ,pleiades :i* are bas$ ^u tradition1 !re is no d\bt t well-atte/$ *anges h tak5 place 9 ! comp>ative brilliancy ( />s 9 ?is clu/] s9ce a/ronomy became an exact sci5ce4 ,obs]vations ( ! prop] motions ( ! ,pleiades h %[n t !re is an actual physical connection betwe5 !m2 t !y are1 lit]ally speak+1 a flight ( suns4 ,_! common motion is t[>d ! s\?we/1 "u ! impulse ( =ces t rema9 z yet beyond ! grasp ( human k4 ,alcyone 0 select$ by ,ma$l] z ! c5tral sun ar\nd :i* ! :ole />ry sy/em revolv$1 b lat] inve/igations h %[n t 8 speculation 0 n well f\nd$1 & t1 s f> z we c det]m9e1 ! prop] motions ( ! />s are n su* z to indicate ! exi/5ce ( any common c5t]4 ,!y appe> to be fly+ ) diff]5t velocities 9 e direction1 al?\gh--z 9 ! case ( ! ,pleiades--we (t5 f9d gr\ps ( !m associat$ toge!r 9 a common direction ( flight4 ,/ill ano!r curi\s fact ab\t ! ,pleiades is ! exi/5ce ( "s r my/]i\s nebul\s masses 9 ! clu/]4 ,9 #ahei ,temple discov]$ an ext5sive nebula1 ( a broad oval =m1 ) ! /> ,m]ope imm]s$ 9 "o end ( x4 ,subsequ5t obs]vations %[$ t ?is /range ph5om5on 0 v>iable4 ,sometimes x c\ld n be se52 at o!r times x 0 v pla9 & l>ge4 ,9 ,jeaurat's *>t ( ! ,pleiades1 made 9 #aggi1 a va/ nebul\s mass is repres5t$ ne> ! />s ,atlas & ,pleione4 ,?is has s9ce be5 id5tifi$ by ,golds*midt z "p ( a huge1 ill-def9$ nebula1 :i* he ?\ght he c\ld p]ceive envelop+ ! :ole gr\p ( ! ,pleiades4 ,_m obs]v]s1 h[ev]1 c\ld nev] see ^! nebul\s masses1 & 7 incl9$ to d\bt _! actual exi/5ce4 ,)9 ! pa/ few ye>s a/ronomical photography1 hav+ made a/oni%+ progress1 has ?r[n new light ^u ?is my/]i\s subject4 ,! s5sitiz$ plate ( ! cam]a1 :5 appli$ at ! focus ( a prop]ly con/ruct$ telescope1 has prov$ m effective ?an ! human ret9a1 & has1 s to speak1 enabl$ u to see beyond ! rea* ( vision by means ( ! pictures x makes ( objects :i* escape ! eye4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #ahhe1 ,paul & ,prosp] ,h5ry turn$ _! great photograph+ telescope ^u ! ,pleiades1 & ) x discov]$ a nebula app>5tly atta*$ to ! /> ,maia4 ,! mo/ p[]ful telescopes 9 ! _w _h nev] reveal$ ?is to ! eye4 ,yet ( its actual exi/5ce !re c be no "q4 ,_! photograph also %[$ ! ,m]ope nebula1 al?\gh mu* small]1 & ( a diff]5t =m f t repres5t$ by its discov]] & o!rs4 ,!re evid5tly yet rema9s mu* to be discov]$ 9 ?is s+ul> gr\p1 & ! m+l+ ( nebul\s matt] ) its />s makes ,t5nyson's picturesque description ( ! ,pleiades appe> all ! m life-l3 ,_m a night ,i saw ! ,pleiads1 ris+ ?r\gh ! mell[ %ade1 ,glitt] l a sw>m ( fire-flies tangl$ 9 a silv] braid4 ,! read] %\ld n expect to be able to see ! nebulae 9 ! ,pleiades ) an op]a-glass4 ,i h ?\ght x prop] to m5tion ^! s+ul> objects only 9 ord] t he might be 9 possession ( ! pr9cipal & mo/ curi\s facts ab\t ^? int]e/+ />s4,c ,footnote ,c3 ,! ,h5ry ,bro!rs h cont9u$ ! photographic "w describ$ above1 & _! lat] a*ievem5ts are ev5 m int]e/+ & wond]ful4 ,!y h f\nd t !re are _m nebul\s masses involv$ 9 ! gr\p ( ! ,pleiades1 & h photograph$ !m4 ,"o ( ! mo/ amaz+ ph5om5a 9 _! great photograph ( ! ,pleiades is a long wisp or /reak ( nebul\s matt]1 along :i* eight or n9e />s are /rung 9 a mann] :i* irresi/ibly sugge/s an intimate connection betwe5 ! />s & ! nebula4 ,?is recalls ! rec5t 7,augu/1 #ahhh7 discov]y made by ,pr(4 ,hold51 ) ! great ,lick telescope1 conc]n+ ! /ructure ( ! celebrat$ r+ nebula 9 ,lyra1 :i*1 x appe>s1 is compos$ ( conc5tric ovals ( />s & nebul\s /uff1 s arrang$ t we mu/ believe !y are intimately associat$ 9 a mo/ wond]ful community4 ,orion w next comm& our att5tion4 ,y w f9d ! con/ellation 9 ,map ,no4 #ai3 ,ea/w>d beyond ! region ( ! ,bull ,/&s great ,orion2 :oso k5s n him 9 cl\dless night ,gleam+ al(t1 %all ca/ 8 eyes 9 va9 ,to f9d a bright] sign 9 all ! heav54 ,to ! nak$ eye1 to ! op]a-glass1 & to ! telescope1 ,orion is alike a m9e ( wond]s4 ,?is great con/ellation embraces almo/ e v>iety ( int]e/+ ph5om5a t ! heav5s conta94 ,"h we h ! gr&e/ ( ! nebulae1 "s ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ beautifully color$ />s1 />-/reams1 />-clu/]s1 nebul\s />s1 v>iable />s4 ,i h already m5tion$ ! positions ( ! pr9cipal />s 9 ! imag9>y figure ( ! great hunt]4 ,i may add t 8 uprais$ arm & club are repres5t$ by ! />s se5 9 ! map above ,alpha 7alpha7 or ,betelgeuse1 "o ( :i* is m>k$ ,nu 7nu71 & ano!r1 9 ! knob ( ! club1 ,*i 7*i74 ,i h also1 9 speak+ ( ,aldeb>an1 describ$ ! contra/ 9 ! colors ( ,betelgeuse & ,beta 7beta7 or ,rigel4 ,betelgeuse1 x may be rem>k$1 is slightly v>iable4 ,sometimes x appe>s bright] ?an ,rigel1 & sometimes less brilliant4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t1 accord+ to ,sec*i's division ( ! />s into types1 bas$ ^u _! spectra1 ,betelgeuse falls into ! ?ird ord]1 :i* seems to repres5t a type ( suns 9 :i* ! process ( cool+1 & ! =mation ( an absorptive envelope or %ell1 h gone on s f> t we may reg>d !m z approa*+ ! po9t ( ext9ction4 ,rigel1 on ! o!r h&1 belongs to ! fir/ ord] or type :i* repres5ts suns t are probably bo? hott] & y\ng] 9 ! ord] ( developm5t4 ,s1 !n1 we may look ^u ! two *ief />s ( ?is great con/ellation z repres5t+ two /ages ( cosmical exi/5ce4 ,betelgeuse %[s u a sun t has almo/ run its c\rse1 t has pass$ into its decl9e1 & t already beg9s to fa9t & flick] & gr[ dim be=e ! on-com+ & inevitable fate ( ext9ction2 b 9 ,rigel we see a sun blaz+ ) ! fires ( y\?1 spl5did 9 ! fir/ gl[ ( its sol> en]gies1 & hold+ ! promise ( ! future yet be=e x4 ,rigel belongs to a new g5]ation ( ! univ]se2 ,betelgeuse to ! univ]se t is pass+4 ,we may pursue ?is comp>ison "o /ep f>!r back & see 9 ! great nebula1 :i* gl[s dimly 9 ! middle ( ! con/ellation1 betwe5 ,rigel triumphant & ,betelgeuse langui%+1 a /ill e>li] cosmical condition--! g]m ( suns ^: infant rays may illum9ate space :5 ,rigel itself is gr[+ dim4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,sword ,,( ,,orion ,,& ,,! ,,great ,,nebula4 ,turn y\r glass ^u ! ?ree />s =m+ ! ,belt4 ,y w n be likely to und]take to c\nt all ! tw9kl+ lights t y w see1 especially z _m ( !m appe> & disappe> z y turn y\r att5tion to diff]5t p>ts ( ! field4 ,sweep all ar\nd ! ,belt & also betwe5 ! ,belt & ,gamma 7gamma7 or ,bellatrix4 ,accord+ to ! old a/rolog]s1 wom5 born "u ! influ5ce ( ! /> ,bellatrix 7 lucky1 & provid$ ) good tongues4 ,( c\rse1 ?is 0 =tunate = _! husb&s too6 ,bel[ ! ,belt w be se5 a %ort r[ ( />s hang+ d[nw>d & repres5t+ ! sword4 ,9 ! middle ( ?is r[ is ! great ,orion nebula4 ,! /> ,!ta 7!ta7 involv$ 9 ! nebula is multiple1 & ! position ( ?is little clu/] ( suns is su* t1 z has be5 said1 !y seem to be fe$+ ^u ! sub/ance ( ! nebula surr\nd+ !m4 ,o!r />s are se5 scatt]$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! nebula4 ,?is ph5om5on c be pla9ly se5 ) an op]a-glass4 ,our picture ( ! ,sword ( ,orion %[s its appe>ance ) a good field-glass4 ,) su* a glass sev]al f9e te/-objects w be f\nd 9 ! ,sword4 ,"o ( ! be/ ( ^! is =m$ by ! two five-po9t$ />s se5 9 ! picture close toge!r above ! nebula4 ,no difficulty w be enc\nt]$ 9 sep>at+ ^! />s ) a field-glass1 b x w require a little %>p wat*+ to detect ! small /> betwe5 ! two & j above ! l9e jo9+ !m4 ,s1 ! b5d+ r[ ( fa9t />s above & to ! "r ( ! gr\p j describ$ w be f\nd r elusive z individuals1 ?\gh easily glimps$ z a :ole4 ,( ! great nebula itself n mu* detail c be se54 ,yet by av]t+ ! eyes ! ext5sion ( ! nebul\s light 9 e direction f ! c5t] c be detect$ & trac$1 "u favorable circum/ances1 to a consid]able di/ance4 ,! *anges t ?is nebula c]ta9ly has und]gone 9 ! brilliancy1 if n 9 ! =m1 ( diff]5t p>ts ( x1 are p]haps indications ( ! op]ation ( =ces1 :i* we "k mu/ prevail !re1 & ^: t5d5cy c only be 9 ! direction ( cond5sation1 & ! ultimate =mation ( future suns & worlds4 ,yet1 z ! appe>ance ( ! nebula 9 great telescopes %[s1 we c n expect t ! processes ( creation w "h produce a homologue ( our sol> sy/em4 ,! curdl$ appe>ance ( ! nebula indicates ! =mation ( v>i\s c5t]s ( cond5sation1 ! f9al result ( :i* w d\btless be a gr\p ( />s l "s ( ^? :i* we see 9 ! heav5s1 & ^: common motion %[s t !y are b\nd toge!r 9 ! *a9s ( reciprocal gravitation4 ,! ,pleiades are an example ( su* a gr\p4 ,d n fail to look = a little /> j we/ ( ,rigel1 :i*1 ) a good op]a-glass1 appe>s to be almo/ hidd5 9 ! fla%+ rays ( its brilliant companion4 ,if y h also a field-glass1 aft] y h detect$ ?is %y little tw9kl] ) y\r op]a-glass1 try ! l>g] glass ^u x4 ,y w f9d !n t ! little /> orig9ally se5 is n ! only "o !re4 ,a /ill small] />1 :i* _h be=e be5 completely hidd51 w n[ be p]ceiv$4 ,i may add t1 ) telescopes1 ,rigel is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful d\ble />s 9 ! sky1 hav+ a little blue companion close "u its w+4 ,run y\r glass along ! l9e ( little />s =m+ ! lion's sk9 or %ield t ,orion opposes to ! onset ( ,taurus4 ,"h y w f9d "s int]e/+ comb9ations1 & ! /> m>k$ on ! map pi#f w especially attract y\r eye1 because x is accompani$1 ab\t fifte5 m9utes to ! nor?we/1 by a sev5?-magnitude /> ( a ri* orange hue4 ,look next at ! little gr\p ( ?ree />s =m+ ! head ( ,orion4 ,al?\gh !re is no nebula "h1 yet ^! />s1 z se5 ) ! nak$ eye1 h a rem>kably nebul\s look1 & ,ptolemy reg>d$ ! gr\p z a nebul\s />4 ,! l>ge/ /> is call$ ,lambda 7lambda72 ! o!rs are ,phi 7phi7 "o & two4 ,an op]a-glass w %[ ano!r /> above 7lambda71 & a fif? /> bel[ phi#b :i* is ! f>!/ ( ! two ,phis f ,lambda4 ,x w also reveal a fa9t tw9kl+ betwe5 lambda & phi#a4 ,a field-glass %[s t ?is tw9kl+ is produc$ by a pretty little r[ ( ?ree />s ( ! eigh? & n9? magnitudes4 ,9 fact1 ,orion is su* a /rik+ object 9 ! sky t m ?an "o attempt has be5 made to /eal away its "n & sub/itute t ( "s mod]n h]o4 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,leipsic1 9 #ahjg1 =mally resolv$ t ! />s =m+ ! ,belt & ,sword ( ,orion %\ld h5ce=? be kn[n z ! con/ellation ( ,napoleon4 ,z if to (fset ?is1 an ,engli%man propos$ to r5ame ,orion = ! ,briti% naval bull-dog ,nelson4 ,b ,orion arm$ has successfully ma9ta9$ 8 "n & place aga9/ all com]s4 ,z becomes ! spl5dor ( 8 con/ellation1 ,orion is a trem5d\s h]o ( antiquity1 al?\gh x mu/ be confess$ t 8 hi/ory is some:at %ad[y & unc]ta91 ev5 = a my?ological /ory4 ,all acc\nts agree1 h[ev]1 t he 0 ! mightie/ hunt] ev] kn[n1 & ! ,hebrews claim$ t he 0 no less a p]son ?an ,nimrod himself4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #bj4 ,! little con/ellations ( ,lepus & ,columba1 bel[ ,orion1 ne$ n deta9 u long4 ,y w f9d 9 !m "s pretty comb9ations ( />s4 ,9 ,lepus is ! celebrat$ ,crimson ,/>1 :i* has be5 describ$ z resembl+ a drop ( blood 9 color--a truly m>vel\s hue = a sun--b1 z x is nev] bright] ?an ! six? magnitude1 & f t v>ies d[n to ! n9?1 we c\ld h>dly hope to see its color well ) an op]a-glass4 ,besides1 ! obs]v] w\ld h difficulty 9 f9d+ x4 ,we w n[ turn to ! con/ellation ( ,canis ,major1 repres5t$ 9 ,map ,no4 #bj4 ,al?\gh1 z a con/ellation1 x is n to be comp>$ ) ! brilliant ,orion1 yet1 on acc\nt ( ! unrival$ magnific5ce ( its *ief />1 ,canis ,major pres5ts almo/ z attractive a sc5e z its m ext5sive rival4 ,ev]ybody has he>d ( ,sirius1 or ! ,dog-,/>1 & ev]ybody mu/ h se5 x fla%+ & sc9tillat+ s spl5didly 9 ! w9t] heav5s1 t to call x a fir/-magnitude /> does x inju/ice1 s9ce no o!r /> ( t magnitude is at all comp>able ) x4 ,sirius1 9 fact1 /&s 9 a class by itself z ! brighte/ /> 9 ! sky4 ,its light is :ite1 ) a %ade ( gre51 :i* requires close wat*+ to be detect$4 ,:5 x is ne> ! horizon1 or :5 ! atmosph]e is v un/eady1 ,sirius fla%es prismatic colors l a great diamond4 ,! "q has be5 mu* discuss$1 z to :e!r ,sirius 0 =m]ly a r$ />4 ,x is describ$ z r$ by sev]al anci5t au?ors1 b x seems to be pretty well e/abli%$ t ^! descriptions are mo/ ( !m due to a blund] made by ,cic]o 9 8 translation ( ! a/ronomical poem ( ,aratus4 ,x is n impossible1 ?\gh x is highly improbable1 t ,sirius has *ang$ color4 ,s intimately 0 ,sirius connect$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! anci5t ,egyptians ) ! annual ris+ ( ! ,nile1 t x 0 call$ ! ,nile-/>4 ,:5 x appe>$ 9 ! morn+ sky1 j be=e sunrise1 ! season ( ! ov]fl[+ ( ! great riv] 0 ab\t to beg91 & s ! appe>ance ( ?is /> 0 reg>d$ z =etell+ ! com+ ( ! floods4 ,! dog-days got _! "n f ,sirius1 z !y occur at ! "t :5 t /> rises ) ! sun4 ,y\r eyes w be fairly dazzl$ :5 y turn y\r glass ^u ?is spl5did />4 ,by close att5tion y w be able to p]ceive a numb] ( fa9t />s1 m]e po9ts by comp>ison1 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood ( ,sirius4 ,!re are _m int]e/+ objects 9 ! con/ellation4 ,! /> m>k$ ,nu 7nu7 9 ! map is really triple1 z ! smalle/ glass w %[4 ,look next at ! />-gr\p #da ,m4 ,! cl\d ( m9ute />s ( :i* x is compos$ c be v well se5 ) a field-glass or a p[]ful op]a-glass4 ,! /> #bb is ( a v ruddy color t contra/s beautifully ) ! light ( ,epsilon 7epsilon71 :i* c be se5 9 ! same field ( view ) an op]a-glass4 ,betwe5 ! />s ,delta 7delta7 & omicron & omicron squ>$ !re is a rem>kable array ( m9ute />s1 z %[n 9 ! accompany+ cut4 ,"o nev] sees />s arrang$ 9 /reams or r[s1 l ^!1 )\t an irresi/ible impression t ! arrangem5t c n be accid5tal2 t "s law mu/ h be5 9 op]ation :i* associat$ !m toge!r 9 ! =ms :i* we see4 ,yet1 :5 we reflect t ^! are all suns1 h[ f> d we seem to be f und]/&+ ! mean+ ( ! univ]se6 ,illu/ration3 ,,delta ,,canis ,,majoris ,,& ,,its ,,neighbors4 ,! extraord9>y size & brilliancy ( ,sirius might naturally en\gh lead "o to suppose t x is ! ne>e/ ( ! />s1 & su* x 0 once believ$ to be4 ,obs]vations ( /ell> p>allax1 h[ev]1 %[ t ?is 0 a mi/ake4 ,! di/ance ( ,sirius is s great t no satisfactory det]m9ation ( x has yet be5 made4 ,we may safely say1 ?\gh1 t t di/ance is1 at ! lea/ calculation1 #ej1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj miles4 ,9 o!r words1 ,sirius is ab\t #ecg1jjj times z f> f ! e>? z ! sun is4 ,!n1 s9ce light dim9i%es z ! squ>e ( ! di/ance increases1 ! sun1 if plac$ z f> f u z ,sirius is1 w\ld s5d u1 9 r\nd numb]s1 #bhh1jjj1jjj1jjj times less light ?an we n[ receive f x4 ,b ,sirius actually s5ds u only ab\t #d1jjj1jjj1jjj times less light ?an ! sun does2 consequ5tly ,sirius mu/ %9e #bhh1jjj1jjj1jjj_/d1jjj1jjj1jjj #gb times z brilliantly z ! sun4 ,if we adopt ,wolla/on's e/imate ( ! light ( ,sirius1 z comp>$ ) t ( ! sun1 viz41 #a_/bj1jjj1jjj1jjj1 we %all /ill f9d t ! actual brilliancy ( t gr& /> is m ?an f\rte5 times z great z t ( our sun4 ,b z obs]vations on ! companion ( ,sirius %[ t ,sirius's mass is fully tw5ty times ! sun's1 & s9ce ! "* ( ,sirius's spectrum indicates t its intr9sic brightness1 surface = surface1 is mu* sup]ior to ! sun's1 x is probable t our e/imate ( ! />'s actual brilliancy1 z comp>$ ) :at ! sun w\ld possess at ! same di/ance1 viz41 sev5ty-two times1 is mu* ne>] ! tru?4 ,x is evid5t t life w\ld be insupportable ^u ! e>? if x 7 plac$ z ne> to ,sirius z x is to ! sun4 ,if ! e>? 7 a planet belong+ to ! sy/em ( ,sirius1 9 ord] to enjoy ! same am\nt ( heat & light x n[ receives1 x w\ld h to be remov$ to a di/ance ( ne>ly #hjj1jjj1jjj miles1 or eight & a half times its di/ance f ! sun4 ,its "t ( revolution ar\nd ,sirius w\ld !n be ne>ly five & a half ye>s1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! ye> w\ld be l5g!n$ five & a half times4 ,b1 z ,i h said1 ! e/imate ( ,sirius's di/ance us$ 9 ^! calculations is ! smalle/ t c be accept$4 ,good au?orities reg>d ! di/ance z be+ n less ?an #ajj1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj miles2 9 :i* case ! />'s brilliancy mu/ be z mu* z #bbh times great] ?an t ( ! sun6 ,& yet ev5 ,sirius is probably n ! greate/ sun belong+ to ! visible univ]se4 ,!re c be little d\bt t ,canopus1 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 is a gr&] sun ?an ,sirius4 ,to our eyes1 ,canopus is only ab\t half z bright z ,sirius1 & x ranks z ! second /> 9 ! heav5s 9 ! ord] ( brightness4 ,b :ile ,sirius's di/ance is measurable1 t ( ,canopus is s un?9kably imm5se t a/ronom]s c get no grip ^u x4 ,if x 7 only twice z remote z ,sirius1 x w\ld be equal to two ( ! latt]1 b 9 all probability its di/ance is mu* great] ?an t4 ,& possibly ev5 ,canopus is n ! greate/ gem 9 ! coronet ( creation4 ,sirius1 z we saw :5 talk+ ( ,procyon 7see ,*apt] ,i71 is a d\ble />4 ,= _m ye>s aft] ,bessel _h decl>$ 8 belief t ! ,dog-,/> 0 subject$ to ! attraction ( an invisible companion1 telescopes fail$ to reveal ! accompany+ />4,d ,f9ally1 9 #ahfb1 a new telescope t ,alvan ,cl>k _h j f9i%$ & 0 te/+1 br\ght ! hidd5 /> into view4 ,! sugge/ion t x may %9e by reflect$ light f ,sirius has be5 made4 ,9 t case x mu/1 ( c\rse1 be a planet1 b a planet ( su* /up5d\s magnitude t ! imag9ation c sc>cely grasp x2 a planet probably z l>ge z our sun1 p]haps l>g]2 a planet equal 9 size to m ?an a million e>?s6 ,b1 z 0 rem>k$ ( ! fa9t />s 9 ,alpha ,capricornis1 x is probable t ! hypo!sis ( reflect$ light is n ! true "o4 ,m probably ! companion ( ,sirius %9es ) light ( its own1 ?\gh its excessive fa9tness 9 comp>ison ) its bulk indicates t its condition mu/ be v diff]5t f t ( an ord9>y />4 ,d ,! foll[+ extract f a lett] by ,bessel to ,humboldt1 writt5 9 #ahdd 7see ,cosmos1 vol4 iii1 p4 #ahf71 is int]e/+1 9 view ( ! discov]ies made s9ce !n3 ,at all ev5ts ,i cont9ue 9 ! belief t ,procyon & ,sirius are true d\ble />s1 consi/+ ( a visible & an invisible />4 ,no reason exi/s = consid]+ lum9osity an ess5tial prop]ty ( ^! bodies4 ,! fact t numb]less />s are visible is evid5tly no pro( aga9/ ! exi/5ce ( an equally incalculable numb] ( invisible ones4 ,! physical difficulty ( a *ange 9 ! prop] motion is satisfactorily set aside by ! hypo!sis ( d>k />s4 ,read]s ( ,voltaire w rememb] t ! h]o ( 8 extraord9>y /ory ( ,micromegas came f an imag9>y planet circl+ ar\nd ,sirius4 ,inasmu* z ,voltaire1 toge!r ) ,dean ,swift1 ascrib$ two moons to ,m>s _m ye>s be=e !y 7 discov]$ 7probably sugge/$ by a curi\sly mi/ak5 int]pretation by ,kepl] ( an anagram 9 :i* ,galileo _h conceal$ 8 discov]y ( ! r+ ( ,saturn71 x is all ! m int]e/+ t ! great infidel %\ld h imag9$ an enorm\s planet circl+ ar\nd ! ,dog-,/>4 ,b ,voltaire w5t f> a/ray :5 he ascrib$ a gigantic /ature to 8 ,sirian4 ,he makes ,micromegas1 ^: _w 0 #ba1fjj1jjj times l>g] 9 circumf]5ce ?an ! e>?1 m ?an tw5ty miles tall1 s t :5 he visit$ our little planet he 0 able to wade ?r\gh ! oceans & /ep ov] ! m\nta9s )\t inconv5i5ce1 &1 :5 he _h scoop$ up "s ( ! inhabitants on 8 ?umb-nail1 0 oblig$ to use a p[]ful microscope 9 ord] to see !m4 ,voltaire %\ld r h gone to "s ( ! mo/ m9ute ( ! a/]oids = 8 giant1 = "u ! trem5d\s gravitation ( su* a _w z he has describ$ ,micromegas himself w\ld h be5 a fit subject = microscopic exam9ation4 ,b1 h[ev] mu* we may d\bt ! /ature ( ,voltaire's visitor f ,sirius1 we c n d\bt ! s\ndness ( ! conclusion at :i* he arriv$1 aft] hav+1 by an +5i\s arrangem5t1 succe$$ 9 hold+ a conv]sation ) "s e>?ly philosoph]s "u 8 microscope1 namely1 t ^! inf9itely little creatures possess$ a pride t 0 almo/ inf9itely great4 ,ea/ & s\? ( ,canis ,major1 :i*1 by-!-way1 is said to repres5t "o ( ,orion's h\nds1 is "p ( ! con/ellation ,argo1 :i* /&s = ! %ip 9 :i* ,jason sail$ 9 se>* ( ! gold5 fleece4 ,! obs]v] w f9d _m objects ( int]e/ "h1 al?\gh "s ( !m are s close to ! horizon 9 our latitudes t mu* ( _! brilliancy is lo/4 ,note ! two />s zeta & pi ne> ! l[] edge ( ! map1 !n sweep sl[ly ov] ! space ly+ betwe5 !m4 ,ab\t half-way y\r att5tion w be arre/$ by a rem>kable /ell> arrangem5t1 9 :i* a beautiful half-circle ( small />s curv+ above a l>g] />1 :i* is r$di% 9 color1 is conspicu\s4 ,?is neighborhood w be f\nd ri* 9 />s t ! nak$ eye c n see4 ,j bel[ ! /> eta1 9 ,canis ,major1 is ano!r f9e gr\p4 ,! /> pi1 :i* is deep yell[ or orange1 has ?ree little />s above x1 two ( :i* =m a pretty pair4 ,! /> xi has a companion1 :i* =ms a f9e te/ = an op]a-glass1 & is well wor? look+ =4 ,look also at ! clu/] #ic ,m1 j above & to ! we/ ( xi4 ,! />s mu & kappa are se5 d\ble ) an op]a-glass4 ,! two neighbor+ clu/]s1 #df ,m & #chh1 are v int]e/+ objects4 ,to see !m well1 use a p[]ful field-glass4 ,a fi]y fif?-magnitude />1 z ,webb calls x1 c be se5 9 ! field at ! same "t4 ,! pres5ce ( ! ,milky-,way is manife/ by ! spr9kl+ ( />s all ab\t ?is region4 ,9 fact1 ! att5tive obs]v] w be=e ?is h notic$ t ! majority ( ! mo/ brilliant con/ellations lie ei!r 9 ! ,milky-,way or along its bord]s4 ,cassiopeia1 z we saw1 sits a?w>t ! galaxy ^: silv]y curr5t w9ds 9 & out among ! />s ( h] *air2 ,p]seus is agl[ ) its %e5 z x wraps him ab\t l a mantle ( />s2 ,taurus has ! tips ( 8 horns dipp$ 9 ! great /ream2 x fl[s betwe5 ! %9+ feet ( ,gem9i & ! head & %\ld]s ( ,orion z betwe5 />ry banks2 ! pe]less ,sirius hangs l a gem p5d5t f ! cele/ial girdle4 ,9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e we %\ld f9d ! beautiful con/ellation ( ! %ip ,argo1 conta9+ ,canopus1 sail+ along ! ,milky-,way1 bl[n by ! brea? ( old romance on an endless voyage2 ! ,s\!rn ,cross glitt]s 9 ! v c5t] ( ! galaxy2 & ! bright />s ( ! ,c5taur might be lik5$ to ! heads ( gold5 nails p9n+ ?is wondr\s sc>f1 wov5 ( ! beams ( millions ( t9y />s1 aga9/ ! dome ( ! sky4 ,pass+ back into ! nor!rn hemisph]e we f9d ,scorpio1 ,sagitt>ius1 ,aquila1 ! ,dolph91 ,cygnus1 & respl5d5t ,lyra1 all /rung along ! c\rse ( ! ,milky-,way4 ,turn+ n[ to ! con/ellation ,monoc]os1 we %all f9d a few objects wor?y ( att5tion4 ,?is con/ellation is ( comp>atively mod]n orig91 hav+ be5 =m$ by ,b>ts*ius1 ^: *ief title to di/9ction is t he m>ri$ ! daught] ( ,john ,kepl]4 ,! region ar\nd ! />s #h1 #ac1 & #ag w be f\nd p>ticul>ly ri*1 & ! clu/] #bg %[s well ) a /rong glass4 ,look also at ! clu/] #ej ,m1 & comp>e its appe>ance ) t ( ! clu/]s 9 ,argo4 ,) ^! con/ellations we f9i% our review ( ! /ell> wond]s t lie )9 ! rea* ( s humble an in/rum5t z an op]a-or field-glass4 ,we h made ! circuit ( ! sky1 & ! ho/s t illum9e ! v]nal heav5s are n[ se5 advanc+ f ! ea/1 & press+ close ^u ! bright] squadrons ( w9t]4 ,_! famili> figures resemble ! faces ( old fri5ds :om we are glad to welcome4 ,^! />ry acqua9tances nev] gr[ we>isome4 ,_! int]e/ = u is z fa?omless z ! deeps ( space 9 :i* !y %9e4 ,! man nev] yet liv$ ^: m9d c\ld compreh5d ! full mean+ ( ! wondr\s messages t !y fla% to u ^u ! w+s ( light4 ,z we wat* !m 9 _! c\rses1 ! true music ( ! sph]es comes to our li/5+ e>s1 ! *orus ( creation--fa9t ) di/ance1 = x is by sl[ approa*es t man draws ne> to x--*ant+ ! gr&e/ ( epics1 ! ,poem ( ! ,univ]se2 & ! !me t runs ?r\gh x all is ! reign ( law4 ,d n be afraid to become a />-gaz]4 ,! human m9d c f9d no high] ex]cise4 ,he :o /udies ! />s w discov]-- ,an endless f\nta9 ( immortal dr9k ,p\r+ unto u f heav5's br9k4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,moon1 ,,! ,,planets1 ,,& ,,! ,,sun4 ,x is a mo/ beautiful & delightful sight1 exclaims ,galileo1 9 describ+ ! discov]ies he _h made ) 8 telescope1 to behold ! body ( ! moon1 :i* is di/ant f u ne>ly sixty semi-diamet]s ( ! e>?1 z ne> z if x 0 at a di/ance ( only two ( ! same measures4444 ,&1 consequ5tly1 any "o may "k ) ! c]ta9ty t is due to ! use ( our s5ses t ! moon assur$ly does n possess a smoo? & poli%$ surface1 b "o r\gh & unev51 &1 j l ! face ( ! e>? itself1 is ev]y:]e full ( va/ protub]ances1 deep *asms1 & s9uosities4 ,!re 01 p]haps1 no?+ 9 ! long s]ies ( discov]ies ) :i* ,galileo a/oni%$ ! _w aft] he _h con/ruct$ 8 telescope1 :i*1 z he expresses x1 0 devis$ by me ?r\gh ,god's grace fir/ enlight5+ my m9d1 t _h a great] *>m = him ?an 8 lun> obs]vations4 ,c]ta9ly !re 0 no?+ :i* he has describ$ ) great] en?usiasm & eloqu5ce4 ,& ?is c\ld h>dly h be5 o!rwise1 = ! moon 0 ! fir/ cele/ial object to :i* ,galileo turn$ 8 telescope1 & !n = ! fir/ "t human eyes may be said to h actually look$ into ano!r _w ?an ! e>?1 ?\gh 8 discov]ies & ^? ( 8 successors h n realiz$ all ! poetic fancies ab\t ! moon conta9$ 9 ! v]ses t are ascrib$ to ,orpheus3 ,& he ano!r w&]+ _w has made ,:i* gods ,sel5e "n1 & m5 ! moon4 ,x m\nta9s1 cities has1 & temples gr&4 ,yet ,galileo's obs]vations at once upset ! !ory1 = :i* ,apollonius 0 responsible1 & :i* seems to h be5 widely preval5t up to 8 "t1 t ! moon 0 a smoo? body1 poli%$ l a mirror1 & pres5t+ 9 its light & d>k spots reflections ( ! cont95ts & oceans ( ! e>?4 ,he also demon/rat$ t its surface 0 cov]$ ) pla9s & m\nta9s1 b ! cities & temples ( ! moon h rema9$ to our "t only )9 ! k5 ( romance4 ,galileo's telescope1 z ,i h be=e rem>k$1 01 9 ! pr9ciple ( its con/ruction1 simply an op]a-glass ( "o tube4 ,he succe$$ 9 mak+ a glass ( ?is k9d t magnifi$ ?irty diamet]s1 a v mu* high] p[] ?an is giv5 to ! op]a-& field-glasses ( to-day4 ,yet he _h to cont5d ) ! disadvantages ( s+le l5ses1 a*romatic comb9ations ( glass = optical purposes n be+ contriv$ until ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 & s 8 telescope did n possess q z decid$ a sup]iority ov] a mod]n field-glass z ! diff]5ce 9 magnify+ p[] w\ld imply4 ,9 fact1 if ! read] w view ! moon ) a fir/-rate field-glass1 he w p]ceive t ! true nature ( ! surface ( ! lun> globe c be readily disc]n$ ) su* an in/rum5t4 ,ev5 a small op]a-glass w reveal mu* to ! att5tive obs]v] ( ! moon2 b = ^! obs]vations ! read] %\ld1 if possible1 make use ( a field-glass1 & ! high] its p[] ! bett]4 ,! illu/rations accompany+ ?is *apt] 7 made by ! au?or ) ! aid ( a glass magnify+ sev5 diamet]s4 ,( c\rse1 ! fir/ ?+ ! obs]v] w wi% to see w be ! m\nta9s ( ! moon1 = ev]ybody has he>d ( !m1 & ! mo/ sluggi% imag9ation is /irr$ by ! ?\ght t "o c look (f into ! sky & behold ! et]nal hills ( ano!r planet z solid & sub/antial z our own4 ,b ! *ances are t1 if left to _! own guidance1 n9ety-n9e p]sons out ( a hundr$ w\ld *oose exactly ! wrong "t to see ^! m\nta9s4 ,at any rate1 t is my exp]i5ce ) p :o h come to look at ! moon ?r\gh my telescope4 ,unless w>n$ be=eh&1 !y inv>iably wait until full moon1 :5 ! flood ( sun%9e p\r$ p]p5dicul>ly ^u ! face ( our satellite conceals its rugg$ features z effectually z if a veil _h be5 drawn ov] !m4 ,beg9 y\r obs]vations ) ! appe>ance ( ! n>r[e/ cresc5t ( ! new moon1 & foll[ x z x gradually fills1 & !n y w see h[ beautifully ! advanc+ l9e ( lun> sunrise reveals ! m\nta9s1 ov] ^: slopes & peaks x is climb+1 by its ragg$ & s9u\s outl9e4 ,! obs]v] mu/ keep 9 m9d ! fact t he is look+ /raight d[n ^u ! tops ( ! lun> m\nta9s4 ,x is l a view f a balloon1 only at a va/ly great] height ?an any balloon has ev] atta9$4 ,ev5 ) a p[]ful telescope ! obs]v] sees ! moon at an app>5t di/ance ( sev]al hundr$ miles1 :ile ) a field-glass1 magnify+ sev5 diamet]s1 ! moon appe>s z if ?irty-five ?\s& miles (f4 ,! app>5t di/ance ) ,galileo's telescope 0 eight ?\s& miles4 ,recollect h[ :5 se5 f a great height ! rugosities ( ! e>?'s surface flatt5 out & disappe>1 & !n try to imag9e h[ ! highe/ m\nta9s on ! e>? w\ld look if y 7 susp5d$ ?irty-five ?\s& miles above !m1 & y w1 p]haps1 r wond] at ! fact t ! moon's m\nta9s c be se5 at all4 ,x is ! contra/ ( lights & %ad[s t n only reveals !m to u1 b enables u to measure _! height4 ,on ! moon %ad[s are v mu* d>k] ?an ^u ! e>?1 because ( ! extreme r>ity ( ! moon's atmosph]e1 if inde$ x has any atmosph]e at all4 ,by /epp+ ar\nd ! corn] ( a rock !re1 "o might pass abruptly f dazzl+ noonday into ! blackness ( midnight4 ,! surface ( ! moon is extraord9>ily r\gh & unev54 ,x possesses broad pla9s1 :i* are probably ! bottoms ( anci5t seas t h n[ dri$ up1 b ^! cov] only ab\t two fif?s ( ! surface visible to u1 & mo/ ( ! rema9+ ?ree fif?s are exce$+ly rugg$ & m\nta9\s4 ,_m ( ! m\nta9s ( ! moon are1 foot = foot1 z l(ty z ! highe/ m\nta9s on ! e>?1 :ile all ( !m1 9 proportion to ! size ( ! moon's globe1 are mu* l>g] ?an ! e>?'s m\nta9s4 ,x is obvi\s1 !n1 t ! sun%9e1 z x creeps ov] ^! ,alp9e l&scapes 9 ! moon1 ca/+ ! black %ad[s ( ! peaks & crat]s _m miles across ! pla9s1 & capp+ ! summits ( l(ty m\nta9s ) light1 :ile ! l[] regions f> ar\nd !m are yet buri$ 9 night1 mu/ cle>ly reveal ! "* ( ! lun> surface4 ,m\nta9s t c n be se5 at all :5 ! light falls p]p5dicul>ly ^u !m1 or1 at ! mo/1 appe> !n m]ely z %9+ po9ts1 picture !mselves by _! %ad[s 9 />tl+ silh\ettes :5 illum9at$ lat]ally by ! ris+ sun4 ,b at full moon1 :ile ! m\nta9s hide !mselves 9 light1 ! old sea-b$s are se5 spread out among ! %9+ table-l&s ) great di/9ctness4 ,ev5 ! nak$ eye readily detects ^! z ill-def9$1 d>k pat*es ^u ! face ( ! moon1 & to _! pres5ce are due ! popul> notions t h prevail$ 9 all qu>t]s ( ! _w ab\t ! ,man 9 ! ,moon1 ! ,woman 9 ! ,moon1 ,jacob 9 ! ,moon1 ! ,h>e 9 ! ,moon1 ! ,toad 9 ! ,moon1 & s on4 ,b1 h[ev] cle>ly "o may imag9e t he disc]ns a man 9 ! moon :ile recall+ ! nurs]y-rhymes ab\t him1 an op]a-glass in/antly puts ! spect] to flight1 & %[s ! r\nd lun> disk div]sifi$ & %ad$ l a map4,e ,e ,i %\ld1 p]haps1 qualify ! /atem5t 9 ! text slightly 9 favor ( a lun> lady to :om ,mr4 ,h5ry ,m4 ,p>khur/ fir/ call$ my att5tion4 ,ab\t n9e days aft] new moon a r pretty & decid$ly fem99e face appe>s on ! we/]n half ( ! disk4 ,x is =m$ by ! m\nta9s & table-l&s embrac$ by ! ,sea ( ,s]5ity1 ! ,sea ( ,tranquillity1 ! ,sea ( ,vapors1 etc41 & is be/ se5 ) ! aid ( an op]a-glass ( l[ p[]4 ,! face is readily di/+ui%able on ,ru!rfurd's celebrat$ photograph ( ! full moon4 ,x is necess>y = ?is purpose to turn ! photograph upside d[n1 s9ce x is a telescopic picture1 & consequ5tly rev]s$4 ,! crat] ,ty*o =ms a brea/p9 = ! lady1 & ,m5elaus glitt]s l a diamond ornam5t 9 h] hair1 :ile ! range ( ! ,ap5n9es resembles a sort ( coronet re/+ on h] =ehead4 ,?is same woman 9 ! moon1 x appe>s1 0 describ$ by ,dr4 ,james ,?ompson ye>s ago1 &1 = aught ,i "k1 %e may be ! ,diana to :om ,h]rick sang3 ,que5 & huntress *a/e & fair1 ,seat$ 9 ?y silv] *air1 ,n[ ! ,sun is laid to sleep1 ,/ate 9 wont$ mann] keep4 ,hesp]us entreats ?y light1 ,goddess excell5tly bright4 ,a feature ( ! full moon's surface t in/antly attracts att5tion is ! rem>kable brightness ( ! s\!rn "p ( ! disk1 & ! brilliant /reaks radiat+ f a bright po9t ne> ! l[] edge4 ,! same simile almo/ inv>iably comes to ! lips ( e p]son :o sees ?is ph5om5on = ! fir/ "t--,x looks l a peel$ orange4 ,! bright po9t1 :i* is ! great crat]-m\nta9 ,ty*o1 looks exactly l ! pip ( ! orange1 & ! light-/reaks radiat+ f x 9 all directions be> an equally /rik+ resemblance to ! /reaks t "o sees ^u an orange aft] ! out] r9d has be5 remov$4 ,i %all h some?+ m to say ab\t ^! curi\s /reaks fur!r on2 9 ! mean "t1 let u glance at our little sket*-map ( ! moon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,( ,,! ,,moon4 ,! s-call$ seas are m>k$ on ! map1 = ! purpose ( ref]5ce1 by ! lett]s :i* !y ord9>ily be> 9 lun> maps4 ,! num]als indicate crat]s1 or r+-pla9s1 & m\nta9-ranges4 ,! foll[+ key-li/ w enable ! read] to id5tify all ! objects t are lett]$ or numb]$ ^u ! map4 ,i h giv5 ,engli% translations ( ! ,lat9 names :i* ! old a/ronom]s be/[$ ^u ! seas3 ,seas1 ,gulfs1 & ,m>%es4 ,a4 ,! ,crisian ,sea4 ,b4 ,humboldt ,sea4 ,c4 ,! ,sea ( ,cold4 ,d4 ,! ,lake ( ,dea?4 ,e4 ,! ,lake ( ,dreams4 ,f4 ,! ,m>% ( ,sleep4 ,g4 ,! ,sea ( ,tranquillity4 ,h4 ,! ,sea ( ,s]5ity4 ,i4 ,! ,m>% ( ,mi/s4 ,k4 ,! ,m>% ( ,putrefaction4 ,l4 ,! ,sea ( ,vapors4 ,m4 ,! ,c5tral ,gulf4 ,n4 ,! ,gulf ( ,heats4 ,o4 ,! ,sea ( ,%[]s4 ,p4 ,! ,bay ( ,ra9b[s4 ,q4 ,! ,ocean ( ,/orms4 ,r4 ,! ,bay ( ,dew4 ,s4 ,! ,sea ( ,cl\ds4 ,t4 ,! ,sea ( ,humors4 ,v4 ,! ,sea ( ,nect>4 ,x4 ,! ,sea ( ,f]tility4 ,z4 ,! ,s\? ,sea4 ,m\nta9s & ,crat] ,r+s4 #a4 ,grimaldi4 #b4 ,letronne4 #c4 ,gass5di4 #d4 ,euclides4 #e4 ,bullialdus4 #f4 ,pitatus4 #g4 ,s*ickh>d4 #h4 ,longomontanus4 #i4 ,ty*o4 #aj4 ,mag9us4 #aa4 ,clavius4 #ab4 ,newton4 #ac4 ,maurolycus4 #ad4 ,/oefl]4 #ae4 ,walt]4 #af4 ,regiomontanus4 #ag4 ,purba*4 #ah4 ,arza*el4 #ai4 ,alphonsus4 #bj4 ,ptolemaus4 #ba4 ,hipp>*us4 #bb4 ,albategnius4 #bc4 ,!ophilus4 #bd4 ,cyrillus4 #be4 ,ca?>9a4 #bf4 ,! ,altai ,mts4 #bg4 ,piccolom9i4 #bh4 ,petavius4 #bi4 ,langr5us4 #hj4 ,proclus4 #ca4 ,cleom$es4 #cb4 ,atlas4 #cc4 ,h]cules4 #cd4 ,posidonius4 #ce4 ,pl9ius4 #cf4 ,m5elaus4 #cg4 ,manilius4 #ch4 ,! ,caucasus ,mts4 #ci4 ,eudoxus4 #dj4 ,ari/otle4 #da4 ,! ,alps4 #db4 ,plato4 #dc4 ,ar*im$es4 #dd4 ,! ,ap5n9es4 #de4 ,erato/h5es4 #df4 ,cop]nicus4 #dg4 ,! ,c>pa?ian ,mts4 #dh4 ,timo*>is4 #di4 ,lamb]t4 #ej4 ,eul]4 #ea4 ,ari/>*us4 #eb4 ,kepl]4 #ec4 ,flam/e$4 ,! e>ly sel5ograph]s c]ta9ly mu/ h be5 m5 ( vivid imag9ation1 & ! romantic names !y gave to ! lun> l&scapes1 & p>ticul>ly to ! seas1 add a *>m ( _! own to ! /udy ( ! moon4 ,:o w\ld n wi% to see ! ,bay ( ,ra9b[s1 or ! ,lake ( ,dreams1 or ! ,sea ( ,tranquillity1 if = no o!r reason ?an a curiosity to "k :at c\ld h induc$ m5 to give to ^! regions 9 ! moon su* captivat+ titles8 ,or :o w\ld n desire to visit !m if he c\ld8 ?\gh no d\bt we %\ld f9d !m1 l ! ,delectable ,m\nta9s 9 ! ,pilgrim's ,progress1 mo/ *>m+ :5 se5 f af>4 ,! limit$ scale ( our map1 ( c\rse1 r5d]s x impossible to repres5t ^u x m ?an a comp>atively small numb] ( ! lun> m\nta9s t h receiv$ names4 ,9 select+ ^? to be put 9 ! map ,i h endeavor$ to *oose su* z1 on acc\nt ( _! size1 _! situation1 or "s /rik+ peculi>ity1 w\ld be mo/ likely to attract ! att5tion ( a novice4 ,! obs]v] mu/ n expect to see !m all at once1 h[ev]4 ,! lun> features *ange _! appe>ance to a surpris+ ext5t1 9 accordance ) ! direction ( _! illum9ation4 ,"s great m\nta9-masses & r+-pla9s1 or crat]s1 :i* pres5t sc5es ( magnific5ce :5 ! sun is ris+ or sett+ ^u !m1 disappe> "u a p]p5dicul> light1 su* z !y receive at full moon4 ,! great crat]-pla91 kn[n z ,mag9us1 numb]$ #aj 9 our map1 is "o ( ^!4 ,! brok5 m\nta9-wall surr\nd+ ?is va/ depress$ pla9 rises 9 "s places to a height ( ov] f\rte5 ?\s& feet above ! valley )91 & ! spectacle ( sunrise ^u ,mag9us1 se5 ) a p[]ful telescope1 is a mo/ impressive sight1 & ev5 ) a field-glass is v int]e/+4 ,yet1 a few days lat]1 ,mag9us vani%es1 z if x _h be5 swall[$ up1 & z ,be] & ,ma$l] h express$ x1 ! full moon kn[s no ,mag9us4 ,! /ill gr&] =mation ( m\nta91 pla91 & crat]1 call$ ,clavius 7#aa 9 ! map71 disappe>s almo/ z completely z ,mag9us at full moon1 yet1 "u ! prop] illum9ation1 x pres5ts a spl5did pageant ( light & %ad[4 ,on ! o!r h&1 "s ( ! lun> m\nta9s %9e vividly at full moon1 & c be well se5 !n1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 only z light spots1 s9ce at t "t !y ca/ no %ad[s4 ,m5elaus 7#cf 9 ! map71 ,ari/>*us 7#ea71 ,proclus 7#cj71 ,cop]nicus 7#df71 & ,kepl] 7#eb71 are among ^! %9+ m\nta9s4 ,ari/>*us is ! mo/ celebrat$ ( !m all1 be+ ! brighte/ po9t on ! moon4 ,x c ev5 be se5 glimm]+ on ! d>k side ( ! moon--t is to say1 :5 no light rea*es x except t :i* is reflect$ f ! e>?4 ,) a l>ge telescope1 ,ari/>*us is s dazzl+ly bright "u a high sun1 t ! eye is p>tly bl9d$ 9 gaz+ at x4 ,x consi/s ( a m\nta9-r+ surr\nd+ a circul> valley1 ab\t tw5ty-eight miles 9 diamet]4 ,! flanks ( ^! m\nta9s1 especially on _! inn] slopes1 & ! floor ( ! valley )91 are v bright1 :ile a peak 9 ! c5t] ( ! valley1 ab\t z high z ,/orm-,k+ ,m\nta9 on ! ,hudson1 %9es ) pi]c+ brilliancy4 ,sir ,william ,h]s*el mi/ook x = a volcano 9 action4 ,x c]ta9ly is n an active volcano1 b j :at makes x s dazzl+ no "o kn[s4 ,! mat]ial ( :i* ?is m\nta9 is =m$ w\ld seem to possess a high] reflective p[] ?an t ( any o!r portion ( ! moon's surface4 ,"o is irresi/ibly rem9d$ ( ! cry/alliz$ m\nta9s describ$ 9 ! celebrat$ ,moon ,hoax ( ,ri*>d ,adams ,locke4 ,) an op]a-glass y c readily recognize ,ari/>*us z a bright po9t at full moon4 ,) a field-glass x is bett] se51 & "s ( ! %ort1 light rays surr\nd+ x are p]ceiv$1 :ile1 :5 ! sun is ris+ ^u x1 ab\t f\r days aft] fir/ qu>t]1 its crat]i=m %ape c be detect$ ) su* a glass4 ,! visibility ( ,ari/>*us on ! d>k side ( ! moon leads u to a brief consid]ation ( ! illum9ation by ! e>? ( t portion ( ! moon's surface :i* is n t\*$ directly by sunlight at new & old moon4 ,?is ph5om5on is %[n 9 ! accompany+ illu/ration4 ,n only c ! outl9es ( ! d>k "p ( ! moon be se5 "u su* circum/ances1 b ev5 ! di/9ction 9 color betwe5 ! dusky seas & ! m brilliant table-l&s & m\nta9-regions c be p]ceiv$1 & ) p[]ful telescopes _m m9or features come into sight4 ,a little consid]ation mu/ conv9ce any "o1 z x conv9c$ ,galileo m ?an two hundr$ & sev5ty-five ye>s ago1 t ! light reflect$ f ! e>? ^u ! moon is suffici5t to produce ?is fa9t illum9ation ( ! lun> l&scapes4 ,we h only to recall ! spl5dors ( a night t is light$ by a full moon1 & !n to recollect t at new or old moon ! e>? is full z se5 f our satellite1 & t a full e>? mu/ give "s f\rte5 times z mu* light z a full moon1 9 ord] to realize ! brilliancy ( an e>?-lit night ^u ! moon4 ,z ! moon waxes to u1 ! e>? wanes to ! moon1 & vice v]sa1 & s ! ph5om5on ( e>?-%9e on ! lun> surface mu/ be look$ = be=e ! fir/ qu>t] & aft] ! la/ qu>t] ( ! moon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sunrise ,,on ,,! ,,sea ,,( ,,s]5ity1 ,,& ,,!ophilus ,,& ,,o!r ,,crat]s4 ,! read] w f9d x an attractive occupation to id5tify1 by means ( ! map1 ! v>i\s seas1 lakes1 & m>%es1 = n only are !y int]e/+ on acc\nt ( ! s+ul>ity ( _! names1 b !y pres5t _m rem>kable diff]5ces ( appe>ance1 :i* may be p]ceiv$ ) ! in/rum5t he is suppos$ to be us+4 ,! oval =m ( ! ,crisian ,sea 7,a71 :i* is ! fir/ ( ! seas to come into sight at new moon1 makes x a v /rik+ object4 ,) good telescopes1 & "u favorable illum9ation1 a decid$ly gre5 t9t is p]ceiv$ 9 ! ,crisian ,sea4 ,x measures ab\t two hundr$ & eighty by ?ree hundr$ & fifty-five miles 9 ext5t1 & is1 p]haps1 ! deepe/ ( all ! old sea-b$s visible on ! moon4 ,x is surr\nd$ by m\nta9s1 :i* c be readily se5 :5 ! sun /rikes a?w>t !m a few days aft] new or full moon4 ,on ! s\?we/]n bord] a /up5d\s m\nta9-promontory1 call$ ,cape ,ag>um1 projects into ! ,crisian ,sea fifty or sixty miles1 ! highe/ "p ris+ precipit\sly elev5 ?\s& feet above ! floor ( ! sea4 ,i h se5 ,cape ,ag>um v cle>ly def9$ ) a field-glass4 ,ne> ! ea/]n bord] is ! crat]-m\nta9 ,proclus1 :i* ,i h already m5tion$ z possess+ great brilliancy "u a high sun1 be+ 9 ?is respect second only to ,ari/>*us4 ,f ! foot ( ,proclus spreads away ! some:at triangul> region call$ ! ,m>% ( ,sleep 7,f74 ,! t]m gold5-br[n1 :i* has be5 appli$ to x1 p]haps describes its hue well en\gh4 ,) a telescope x is a mo/ int]e/+ region1 b ) less p[]ful in/rum5ts "o mu/ be cont5t ) recogniz+ its outl9e & color4 ,! broad1 d>k-gray expanse ( ! ,sea ( ,tranquillity 7,g7 w be readily recogniz$ by ! obs]v]1 & he w be int]e/$ 9 ! mottl$ aspect :i* x pres5ts 9 c]ta9 regions1 caus$ by ridges & elevations1 :i*1 :5 ?is sea-bottom 0 cov]$ ) wat]1 may h =m$ %oals & isl&s4 ,! ,sea ( ,f]tility 7,x7 is rem>kable = its irregul> surface1 & ! long1 crook$ bays into :i* its s\!rn extremity is divid$4 ,! ,sea ( ,nect> 7,v7 is connect$ ) ! ,sea ( ,tranquillity by a broad /rait 7"o w\ld naturally anticipate f _! names t !re mu/ be "s connection betwe5 !m71 :ile betwe5 x & ! ,sea ( ,f]tility runs ! range ( ! ,pyr5ees ,m\nta9s1 twelve ?\s& feet high1 flank$ by _m huge volcanic m\nta9-r+s4 ,! ,sea ( ,s]5ity 7,h71 ly+ nor!a/ ( ! ,sea ( ,tranquillity1 is ab\t f\r hundr$ & tw5ty miles broad by f\r hundr$ & ?irty miles long1 be+ v ne>ly ( ! same area z our ,caspian ,sea4 ,x is deep] ?an ! ,sea ( ,tranquillity1 & a gre5i% hue is sometimes detect$ 9 its c5tral p>ts4 ,x deep5s t[>d ! middle4 ,?ree qu>t]s ( its %ore-l9e are bord]$ by high m\nta9s1 & _m isolat$ elevations & peaks are scatt]$ ov] its surface4 ,9 look+ at ^! dri$-up seas ( ! moon1 "o is =cibly rem9d$ ( ! undulat+ & 9 "s places m\nta9\s "* ( t]re/rial sea-bottoms1 z %[n by s\nd+s & ! exi/5ce ( small isl&s 9 ! deep sea1 l ! ,b]mudas1 ! ,azores & ,/4 ,hel5a4 ,! ,sea ( ,s]5ity is divid$ ne>ly ?r\gh ! c5t] by a n>r[1 bright /reak1 app>5tly />t+ f ! crat]-m\nta9 ,m5elaus 7#cf 9 ! map71 b really tak+ its rise at ,ty*o f> 9 ! s\?4 ,?is curi\s /reak c be readily detect$ ev5 ) a small op]a-glass4 ,j :at x is no "o is prep>$ to say1 & s ! au?or ( ! ,moon ,hoax 0 fairly entitl$ to take advantage ( ! romanc]'s lic5se1 & decl>e t its edge ?r\gh\t its :ole l5g? ( ?ree hundr$ & =ty miles is an acute angle ( solid qu>tz-cry/al1 brilliant z a piece ( ,d]by%ire sp> j br\ght f ! m9e1 & conta9+ sc>cely a fracture or a *asm f end to end6 ,along ! s\!rn %ore1 on ei!r side ( ,m5elaus1 ext5ds ! high range ( ! ,haemus ,m\nta9s4 ,s\? & s\!a/ ( ! ,sea ( ,s]5ity are ! ,sea ( ,vapors 7,l71 ! ,c5tral ,gulf 7,m71 & ! ,gulf ( ,heats 7,n74 ,! obs]v] w notice at full moon ?ree or f\r curi\s d>k spots 9 ! region occupi$ by ^! flat expanses4 ,on ! nor? & nor?we/ ( ! ,sea ( ,s]5ity are ! ,lake ( ,dea? 7,d71 & ! ,lake ( ,dreams 7,e71 *iefly rem>kable = _! names4 ,! ,sea ( ,%[]s 7,o7 is a v int]e/+ region1 n only 9 itself1 b on acc\nt ( its surr\nd+s4 ,its level is v mu* brok5 by l[1 w9d+ ridges1 & x is v>iegat$ by num]\s light-/reaks4 ,at its we/]n end x bl5ds into ! ,m>% ( ,mi/s 7,i7 & ! ,m>% ( ,putrefaction 7,k74 ,on its nor!a/ bord] is ! celebrat$ ,s9us ,iridum1 or ,bay ( ,ra9b[s 7,p71 ^u :i* sel5ograph]s h exhau/$ ! adjectives ( admiration4 ,! bay is semicircul> 9 =m1 "o hundr$ & ?irty-five miles long & eighty-f\r miles broad4 ,its surface is d>k & level4 ,at ei!r end a spl5did cape ext5ds into ! ,sea ( ,%[]s1 ! ea/]n "o be+ call$ ,cape ,h]aclides1 & ! we/]n ,cape ,laplace4 ,!y are bo? cr[n$ by high peaks4 ,along ! :ole %ore ( ! bay runs a *a9 ( gigantic m\nta9s1 =m+ ! s\!rn bord] ( a wild & l(ty plateau1 call$ ! ,s9us ,iridum ,highl&s4 ,( c\rse1 a telescope is requir$ to see ! details ( ?is mo/ magnific5t ( all lun> l&scapes1 & yet mu* c be done ) a good field-glass4 ,) su* an in/rum5t ,i h se5 ! capes at ! ends ( ! bay project+ boldly into ! d>k1 level expanse surr\nd+ !m1 & ! high lights ( ! bord]+ m\nta9s %>ply contra/$ ) ! dusky semicircle at _! feet1 & h be5 able to detect ! pres5ce ( ! l[ ridges t cross ! front ( ! bay l %oals1 sep>at+ x f ! sea outside4 ,two or ?ree days aft] fir/ qu>t]1 ! %ad[s ( ! peaks ab\t ! ,bay ( ,ra9b[s may be se54 ,! ,bay ( ,dew 7,r7 above ! ,bay ( ,ra9b[s1 & ! ,sea ( ,cold 7,c71 are ! nor!rnmo/ ( ! d>k levels visible4 ,x 0 9 keep+ ) ! suppos$ "* ( ?is region ( ! ,moon t ,riccioli nam$ two portions ( x ! ,l& ( ,ho> ,fro/ & ! ,l& ( ,dr\ght4 ,ext5d+ along ! ea/]n side ( ! disk is ! great ,ocean ( ,/orms 7,q71 :ile betwe5 ! ,ocean ( ,/orms & ! middle ( ! moon lies ! ,sea ( ,cl\ds 7,s74 ,bo? ( ^! are v irregul> 9 outl9e1 & mu* brok5 by ridges & m\nta9s4 ,! ,sea ( ,humors 7,t71 al?\gh comp>atively small1 is "o ( ! mo/ easily se5 ( all ! lun> pla9s4 ,to ! nak$ eye x looks l a d>k1 oval pat* on ! moon4 ,) a telescope x is se51 "u favorable conditions1 to possess a decid$ gre5 t9t4 ,humboldt ,sea 7,b7 & ! ,s\? ,sea 7,z7 belong pr9cipally to t "p ( ! moon :i* is always turn$ away f ! e>?1 & only _! edges project into ! visible hemisph]e1 al?\gh1 "u favorable librations1 _! f>!r bord]s1 l9$ z usual ) m\nta9-peaks1 may be detect$4 ,= our purposes !y possess little int]e/4 ,let u n[ glance at "s ( ! m\nta9s & crat]s4 ,! d>k oval call$ ,grimaldi 7#a7 c be detect$ by ! nak$ eye1 or at lea/ x has be5 ?us se51 al?\gh x requires a %>p eye2 & p]haps a %ade or a pair ( eye-glasses ( ,london smoke-glass1 to take (f ! gl>e ( ! moon1 %\ld be us$ 9 look+ = x4,f ,x is simply a pla91 conta9+ "s f\rte5 ?\s& squ>e miles1 rem>kable = its d>k color1 & surr\nd$ by m\nta9s4 ,s*ickh>d 7#g7 is ano!r simil> pla91 ne>ly z l>ge1 b n possess+ ! same d>k t9t 9 ! int]ior4 ,! huge m\nta9s ar\nd ,s*ickh>d make a f9e spectacle :5 ! sun is ris+ ^u !m %ortly be=e full moon4 ,f ,!re are o!r uses to :i* su* eye-glasses may be put by sky-gaz]s4 ,i habitually c>ry a pair = /udy+ cl\ds4 ,x is wond]ful h[ mu* ! effect ( great cl\d-masses is height5$ by !m1 especially :5 se5 9 a bright light4 ,delicate curls & /riae ( cirrus1 :i* escape ! uncov]$ eye 9 ! gl>e ( sunlight1 c be readily detect$ & /udi$ by ! use ( neutral-t9t$ eye-glasses or spectacles4 ,ty*o 7#i7 is ! mo/ fam\s ( ! crat]-m\nta9s1 ?\gh n ! l>ge/4 ,x is ab\t fifty-f\r miles across & ?ree miles deep4 ,9 its c5t] is a peak five or six ?\s& feet high4 ,ty*o is ! radial po9t ( ! great light-/reaks t1 z ,i h already rem>k$1 cause ! s\!rn half ( ! moon to be lik5$ to a peel$ orange4 ,x is a t\gh problem 9 sel5ography to acc\nt = ^! /reaks4 ,!y are be/ se5 at full moon4 ,!y c n be se5 at all until ! sun has ris5 to a c]ta9 elevation above !m1 #be deg4 accord+ to ,neison2 b1 :5 !y once become visible1 !y dom9ate ev]y?+4 ,!y turn aside = nei!r m\nta9s nor pla9s1 b pass /raight on _! c\rses ov] ! rugg$e/ regions ( ! moon1 reta9+ _! brilliancy undim9i%$1 & p\r+ back su* a flood ( reflect$ light t !y completely conceal "s ( ! mo/ /up5d\s m\nta9-masses across :i* !y lie4 ,!y cle>ly consi/ ( diff]5t mat]ial f t ( :i* ! mo/ ( ! moon's surface is compos$--a mat]ial possess+ a high] reflective p[]4 ,9 ?is respect !y resemble ,ari/>*us & o!r lun> crat]s t are rem>kable = _! brilliancy "u a high illum9ation4 ,ty*o itself1 ! c5t] or hub1 f :i* ^! /reaks radiate l spokes1 is v brilliant 9 ! full moon4 ,b imm$iately ar\nd ,ty*o !re is a d>k rim "s tw5ty-five miles broad4 ,beyond ?is rim ! surface becomes bright1 & ! bright region ext5ds ab\t n9ety miles f>!r4 ,out ( x spr+ ! great rays or /reaks1 :i* v>y f t5 to tw5ty miles 9 wid?1 & _m ( :i* are sev]al hundr$ miles long--"o1 :i* we h already m5tion$ z ext5d+ across ! ,sea ( ,s]5ity1 be+ upw>d ( two ?\s& miles 9 l5g?4 ,x has be5 truly said t we h no?+ l ^! /reaks ^u ! e>?1 & s !re is no analogy to g by 9 try+ to det]m9e _! nature4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t if ! moon _h be5 split or %att]$ f )9 by "s trem5d\s =ce1 & molt5 matt] f ! int]ior _h be5 ?ru/ up into ! cracks ?us =m$1 & _h cool$ !re into broad seams ( rock1 possess+ a high] reflective p[] ?an ! surr\nd+ surface ( ! moon1 !n ! appe>ances pres5t$ w\ld n be unlike :at we actually see4 ,b !re are s]i\s objections to su* a view1 :i* we h n space to discuss "h4 ,x is en\gh to say t ! nature ( ^! /reaks is /ill a "q await+ solution1 & "h is an opportunity = an important discov]y1 b n "o to be a*iev$ ) an op]a-glass4 ,i may add an int]e/+ sugge/ion z to ! nature ( ^! /reaks made by ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,gr5/$4 ,he holds t ! air & wat] ( ! moon 7 *emically1 & n me*anically1 absorb$ 9 ! process ( oxidation :i* w5t on at ! "t :5 h] surface temp]ature 0 above a r$ heat4 ,hav+ a mu* l>g] surface 9 proportion to h] bulk ?an ! e>?1 ! oxidation ( ! moon has1 he ?9ks1 ext5d$ mu* deep] ?an t ( ! e>?1 & h] atmosph]e & oceans h be5 exhau/$ 9 ! process4 ,bo? ! e>? & ! moon1 he ma9ta9s1 h metallic nuclei1 & ! /reaks ab\t ,ty*o & ,cop]nicus1 & "s o!r lun> crat]s1 may be dikes ( pure & %9+ metal1 :i* h escap$ oxidation ow+ to ! comp>atively small supply ( lun> oxyg54 ,^u ?is !ory ,ari/>*us mu/ be a metallic m\nta94 ,illu/ration3 ,,sunrise ,,on ,,clavius1 ,,ty*o1 ,,plato1 ,,etc4 ,clavius 7#aa7 is "o ( ! mo/ impressive ( all ! lun> =mations4 ,!re probably does n exi/ any:]e ^u ! e>? s wild a sc5e ^u a correspond+ scale ( gr&eur4 ,( c\rse1 its details are f> beyond ! rea* ( ! in/rum5t we are suppos$ to be us+1 & yet1 ev5 ) a field-glass1 or a p[]ful op]a-glass1 "s ( its ma9 features are visible4 ,x is repres5t$ 9 our picture ( ! half-moon1 be+ ! l[e/ & l>ge/ ( ! r+-l =ms se5 at ! inn] edge ( ! illum9at$ half ( ! disk2 ! rays ( ! ris+ sun t\*+ ! summits ( "s ( ! peaks 9 its int]ior h br\ght !m into sight z a po9t ( light1 & at ! same "t1 rea*+ across ! gulf )91 h light$ up ! high] slopes ( ! great m\nta9-wall on ! f>!r or ea/]n side ( ! crat]-valley1 mak+ x resemble a semicircle ( light project+ into ! blackness ( ! /ill unillum9at$ pla9s ar\nd x4 ,i %\ld advise e read] to take advantage ( any opportunity t may be pres5t$ to him to see ,clavius ) a p[]ful telescope :5 ! sun is ei!r ris+ or sett+ ^u x4 ,neison has giv5 a spirit$ description ( ! sc5e1 z foll[s3 ,! sunrise on ,clavius comm5ces ) ! illum9ation ( a few peaks on ! we/]n wall1 b soon rapidly ext5ds along ! :ole wall ( ,clavius1 :i* !n pres5ts ! appe>ance ( a great d\ble bay ( ! d>k night-side ( ! moon p5etrat+ s deep into ! illum9at$ portion z to p]ceptibly blunt ! s\!rn horn to ! nak$ eye4 ,)9 ! d>k bay "s small1 bright po9ts soon appe>--! summits ( ! great r+-pla9s )9--foll[$ %ortly by simil> light-po9ts ne> ! c5t]1 due to peaks on ! walls ( ! small] r+-pla9s1 ^! light-isl&s gradually wid5+ & =m+ delicate r+s ( light 9 ! d>k mass ( %ad[ /ill envelop+ ! floor ( ,clavius4 ,f> 9 ! ea/ !n dimly appe> a few sc>cely p]ceptible po9ts1 rapidly wid5+ into a ?9 bright l9e1 ! cre/ ( ! great s\!a/]n wall ( ,clavius1 ! end be+ /ill lo/ f> )9 ! night-side ( ! moon4 ,by ! p]iod ! extreme summit ( ! l(ty wall ( ,clavius on ! ea/ becomes di/9ct1 f9e /reaks ( light beg9 to ext5d across ! d>k mass ( %ad[ on ! int]ior ( ,clavius1 f ! light break+ ?r\gh "s ( ! passes on ! we/ wall & illum9at+ ! int]ior2 & ^! /reaks wid5 ne> ! c5t] & =m illum9at$ spots on ! floor1 :5 bo? ea/ & we/ x /ill lies deeply imm]s$ 9 %ad[1 /rongly contra/+ ) ! n[ brightly illum9at$ cre/ ( ! l(ty ea/ wall & ! great circul> broad r+s ( light =m$ by ! small r+-pla9s )9 ,clavius4 ,! illum9ation ( ! int]ior ( ,clavius n[ proce$s rapidly1 & =ms a magnific5t spectacle3 ! great1 brightly illum9at$ r+-pla9s on ! int]ior1 ) _! floors /ill totally imm]s$ 9 %ad[2 ! imm5se /eep l9e ( cliffs on ! ea/ & s\!a/ are n[ brilliantly illum9at$1 ?\gh ! entire surface at _! base is /ill imm]s$ 9 ! %ades ( night2 & ! great peaks on ! we/ t[]+ above ! floor are ?r[n /rongly into relief aga9/ ! d>k %ad[ beyond !m4 ,newton 7#ab7 is ! deepe/ ( ! great crat]i=m *asms on ! moon4 ,"s ( ! peaks on its walls rise tw5ty-f\r ?\s& feet above ! int]ior gulf4 ,its %ad[1 & ^? ( its gigantic neighbors--= ! moon is "h cr[d$ ) colossal walls1 peaks1 & crat]s--may be se5 break+ ! l9e ( sunlight bel[ ,clavius1 9 our illu/ration4 ,i h j spok5 ( ^! great lun> =mations z *asms4 ,! ^w describes v well ! appe>ance :i* "s ( !m pres5t :5 ! l9e sep>at+ day & night on ! moon falls across !m1 b ! read] %\ld n be l$ by x into an errone\s idea ( _! real "*4 ,su* =mations z ,newton1 :i* is "o hundr$ & =ty miles long by sev5ty broad1 may m accurately be describ$ z va/ depress$ pla9s1 g5]ally conta9+ peaks & crat]s1 :i* are surr\nd$ by a r+ ( /eep m\nta9s1 or m\nta9-walls1 t rise by successive ridges & t]races to a /up5d\s height4 ,! d\ble *a9 ( great crat]-pla9s rea*+ half across ! c5t] ( ! moon conta9s "s ( ! gr&e/ ( ^! /range configurations ( conjo9$ m\nta91 pla91 & crat]4 ,! names ( ! pr9cipal ones c be le>n$ f ! map1 & ! read] w f9d x v int]e/+ to wat* !m com+ into sight ab\t fir/ qu>t]1 & pass+ out ( sight ab\t ?ird qu>t]4 ,at su* times1 ) a field-glass1 "s ( !m look l enorm\s r\nd holes 9 ! inn] edge ( ! illum9at$ half ( ! moon4 ,!ophilus 7#bc71 ,cyrillus 7#bd71 & ,ca?>9a 7#be71 are ?ree ( ! f9e/ wall$ pla9s on ! moon--,!ophilus1 9 p>ticul>1 be+ a spl5did specim5 ( su* =mations4 ,?is *a9 ( crat]s may be se5 rapidly com+ into sunlight at ! edge ( ! ,sea ( ,nect>1 9 our picture ( ,sunrise on ! ,sea ( ,s]5ity1 etc4 ,! ,altai ,m\nta9s 7#bf7 are a l9e ( l(ty cliffs1 two hundr$ & eighty miles 9 l5g?1 surm\nt+ a high table-l&4 ,! ,caucasus ,m\nta9s 7#ch7 are a mass ( highl&s & peaks1 :i* introduce u to a s]ies ( =mations resembl+ ^? ( ! m\nta9\s regions ( ! e>?4 ,! highe/ peak 9 ?is range is ab\t n9ete5 ?\s& feet4 ,betwe5 ! ,caucasus & ! ,ap5n9es 7#dd7 lies a level pass1 or /rait1 connect+ ! ,sea ( ,s]5ity ) ! ,sea ( ,%[]s4 ,! ,ap5n9es are ! greate/ ( ! lun> m\nta9-*a9s1 ext5d+ "s f\r hundr$ & sixty miles 9 l5g?1 & conta9+ "o peak tw5ty-"o ?\s& feet high1 & _m v>y+ f twelve ?\s& to ne>ly tw5ty ?\s&4 ,x w ?us be se5 t ! ,ap5n9es ( ! e>? s9k into insignificance 9 comp>ison ) _! gigantic namesakes on ! moon4 ,z ?is range runs at a consid]able angle to ! l9e ( sunrise1 its high peaks are se5 tipp$ ) sunlight = a long di/ance beyond ! g5]ally illum9at$ edge ab\t ! "t ( fir/ qu>t]4 ,ev5 ) ! nak$ eye ! sun-t\*$ summits ( ! lun> ,ap5n9es may at t "t be detect$ z a tongue ( light project+ into ! d>k side ( ! moon4 ,! ,alps 7#da7 are ano!r m\nta9-mass ( great elevation1 ^: highe/ peak is a good mat* = ! ,mont ,blanc ( ! e>?1 aft] :i* x has be5 nam$4 ,plato 7#db7 is a v celebrat$ d>k & level pla91 surr\nd$ by a m\nta9-r+1 & pres5t+ 9 its int]ior _m puzzl+ & app>5tly *angeable ph5om5a :i* h giv5 rise to mu* speculation1 b :i*1 ( c\rse1 lie f> beyond ! rea* ( op]a-glasses4 ,plato is se5 9 ! picture ( ,sunrise on ,clavius1 etc41 on page #acc1 be+ ! second r+ f ! top4 ,if ,ario/o _h _h a telescope1 we might h suspect$ t x 0 ?is curi\s pla9 t he _h 9 m9d :5 he describ$ t /range valley 9 ! moon1 9 :i* 0 to be f\nd ev]y?+ t 0 lo/ f ! e>?1 includ+ lo/ wits2 & :]e ! r$\btable knight ,a/olpho1 hav+ be5 s5t 9 se>* ( ! miss+ wit ( ! great ,orl&o1 0 a/oni%$ to f9d :at he s\ght c>efully pres]v$ 9 a vial along ) o!r simil> vials belong+ to _m suppos$ly wise p ( ! e>?1 :om nobody suspect$ ( keep+ a good "p ( _! sapi5ce 9 ! moon4 ,cop]nicus 7#df7 is ! la/ ( ! lun> =mations t we %all describe4 ,x be>s a g5]al resemblance to ,ty*o1 & is slightly great] 9 diamet]2 x is1 h[ev]1 n q s deep4 ,x has a clu/] ( peaks 9 ! c5t]1 ^: tops may be detect$ ) a field-glass1 z a speck ( light :5 ! rays ( ! morn+ sun1 slant+ across ! valley1 illum9ate !m :ile _! environs are yet buri$ 9 night4 ,cop]nicus is ! c5t] ( a sy/em ( light-/reaks some:at resembl+ ^? ( ,ty*o1 b v mu* %ort]4 ,we mu/ n dismiss ! moon )\t a few words z to its probable condition4 ,x 0 b natural1 aft] m5 _h se5 ! surface ( ! moon div]sifi$ ) hills & valleys l ano!r e>?1 t ! op9ion %\ld f9d ready acceptance t be+s n unlike ourselves might dwell ^u x4 ,no?+ c\ld possibly h be5 m int]e/+ ?an ! realization ( su* a fancy by ! actual discov]y ( ! lun> inhabitants1 or at lea/ ( unmi/akable evid5ce ( _! exi/5ce4 ,! moon is s ne> to ! e>?1 z a/ronomical di/ances g1 & ! e>? & ! moon are s intimately connect$ 9 ! companion%ip ( _! ye>ly j\rney ar\nd ! sun1 & _! great] j\rney toge!r ) ! sun & all 8 family1 ?r\gh ! realms ( space1 t we %\ld h look$ ^u ! lun> inhabitants1 if any _h exi/$1 z our neighbors ov] ! way--dwell+1 to be sure1 ^u a some:at m re/rict$ doma9 ?an ours1 vassals ( ! e>? 9 "o s5se1 yet ^u ! :ole v respectable & int]e/+ p1 ) :om "o w\ld be glad to h a clos] acqua9tance4 ,b1 alas6 z ! p[]s ( ! telescope increas$1 ! vision ( a moon cr[d$ ) life fad$1 until at la/ ! cold fact /ruck home t ! moon is1 9 all probability1 a froz5 & dri$-up globe1 a m]e planet>y skeleton1 :i* c\ld no m support life ?an ! ,humboldt glaci] c\ld gr[ roses4 ,& yet ?is op9ion may g too f>4 ,!re is reason = ?9k+ t ! moon is n absolutely airless1 &1 :ile x has no visible bodies ( wat]1 its soil may1 aft] all1 n be entirely arid & desiccat$4 ,!re are obs]vations :i* h9t at visible *anges 9 c]ta9 spots t c\ld possibly be caus$ by vegetation1 & !re are o!r obs]vations :i* sugge/ ! display ( electric lum9osity 9 a r>efi$ atmosph]e cov]+ ! moon4 ,to decl>e t no possible =m ( life c exi/ "u ! conditions prevail+ ^u ! lun> surface w\ld be say+ too mu*1 = human intellig5ce c n set b\nds to creative p[]4 ,yet1 )9 ! limits ( life1 su* z we "k !m1 x is probably safe to ass]t t ! moon is a dead & des]t$ _w4 ,9 o!r words1 if a race ( be+s resembl+ ourselves1 or resembl+ any ( our contempor>ies 9 t]re/rial life1 ev] exi/$ ^u ! moon1 !y mu/ long s9ce h p]i%$4 ,t su* be+s may h exi/$1 is possible1 p>ticul>ly if x be true1 z g5]ally believ$1 t ! moon once _h a comp>atively d5se atmosph]e & wat] ^u its surface1 :i* h n[1 9 ! process ( cool+ ( ! lun> globe1 be5 )drawn into its int]ior4 ,x c]ta9ly does n detract f ! int]e/ ) :i* we /udy ! rugg$ & beautiful sc5]y ( ! moon to reflect t if we c\ld visit ^? anci5t sea-bottoms1 or explore ^? glitt]+ m\nta9s1 we might1 p]*ance1 f9d !re "s rema9s or mem5tos ( a race t fl\ri%$1 & p]haps 0 all ga!r$ aga9 to its fa!rs1 be=e man appe>$ ^u ! e>?4 ,t slight physical *anges1 su* z ! d[nfall ( m\nta9-walls or crat]-cones1 /ill occasionally occur ^u ! moon1 is an op9ion ent]ta9$ by "s sel5ograph]s1 & app>5tly ju/ifi$ by obs]vation4 ,! enorm\s *anges ( temp]ature1 f burn+ heat "u a cl\dless sun to ! freez+ cold ( space at night ) no atmosph]ic blanket to reta9 heat 7:i* has g5]ally be5 assum$ to be ! condition ( ?+s on ! moon71 w\ld naturally ex]t a dis9tegrat+ effect ^u ! lun> rocks4 ,b ! "q is n[ 9 dispute :e!r ! surface ( ! moon ev] rises above ! freez+-po9t ( wat]1 ev5 "u a midday sun4 ,mank9d has always be5 a little piqu$ by ! impossibility ( see+ ! o!r side ( ! moon1 & all sorts ( odd fancies h be5 indulg$ 9 reg>d to x4 ,among ! mo/ curi\s is ! anci5t belief t ! s\ls ( ! good :o die on e>? are transport$ to t side ( ! moon :i* is turn$ away f ! e>?2 :ile ! s\ls ( ! wick$ soj\rn on ?is side1 9 full view ( ! sc5e ( _! evil de$s4 ,! visible side ( ! moon--) its trem5d\s crat]s1 its yawn+ *asms1 its frightful contra/s ( burn+ sun%9e & ,cimm]ian d>kness1 its airless & arid pla9s & dri$-up sea-bottoms expos$ to ! pitiless cold ( op5 space1 & heat$1 if heat$ at all1 by scor*+ sunbeams z fi]ce z nak$ flame--w\ld c]ta9ly appe> to be 9 a prop] condition to s]ve z a purgatory4 ,b we h no reason to ?9k t ! o!r side is any bett] (f 9 ^! respects4 ,9 fact1 ! glimpses t we get ( x ar\nd ! corn]s1 s to speak1 indicate t ! :ole r\nd globe ( ! moon is z ragg$1 b>r51 & t]rible z t portion ( x :i* is turn$ to our view4 ,,! ,,planets4--,9 attempt+ to view ! planets ) an op]a-glass1 too mu* mu/ n be expect$2 & yet int]e/+ views c sometimes be obta9$4 ,! features ( _! surfaces1 ( c\rse1 c n be detect$ ev5 ) a p[]ful field-glass1 b ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! appe>ance ( a l>ge planet & t ( ! />s w at once /rike ! obs]v]4 ,m]cury1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( its ne>ness to ! sun & its rapid *anges ( place1 comp>atively few p]sons ev] see1 c p]haps h>dly be call$ an int]e/+ object = an op]a-glass1 & yet ! beauty ( ! planet is greatly increas$ :5 view$ ) su* aid4 ,m]cury is brilliant en\gh to be readily di/+ui%able1 ev5 :ile ! twilight is /ill pretty bright2 & ,i h _h mo/ *>m+ views ( ! %y planet1 glitt]+ l a globule ( %9+ metal ?r\gh ! fad+ curta9 ( a w9t] sunset4 ,v5us is1 "u favorable circum/ances1 a v int]e/+ planet = op]a-glass obs]vations4 ,! cresc5t phase c be se5 ) a p[]ful glass ne> inf]ior conjunction1 &1 ev5 :5 ! =m ( ! planet c n be disc]n$1 its exce$+ brilliancy makes x an attractive object4 ,! flood ( light :i* ,v5us p\rs =?1 & :i* is s dazzl+ t x baffles ! be/ telescopes1 to a great] or less ext5t1 9 any ef=t to descry ! features ( t respl5d5t disk1 is evid5tly reflect$ f a cl\d-burd5$ atmosph]e4 ,:ile ^! cl\ds r5d] ! planet surpris+ly lu/r\s to our eyes1 !y mu/1 ( c\rse1 keep ! globe b5ea? !m mo/ ( ! "t 9 %ad[4 ,x is a s\rce ( ke5 regret t ! surface ( ,v5us c n be se5 z cle>ly z t ( ,m>s1 =1 a priori1 !re is r m reason to reg>d ,v5us z possibly an inhabit$ _w ?an any o!r ( ! ,e>?'s si/] planets1 n except+ ,m>s4 ,/ill1 ev5 if we c\ld pla9ly make out ! pres5ce ( oceans & cont95ts on ,v5us1 t fact w\ld h>dly be any bett] indication ( ! possibility ( life !re ?an is furni%$ by ! ph5om5a ( its atmosph]e4 ,x is an int]e/+ reflection t 9 admir+ ! brilliancy ( ?is spl5did planet ! light t produces s /rik+ an effect ^u our eyes has b a few m9utes be=e trav]s$ ! atmosph]e ( a di/ant _w1 :i*1 l our own air1 may furni% ! brea? ( life to millions ( intellig5t creatures1 & vibrate ) ! music ( tongues speak+ languages z expressive z ^? ( ! e>?4 ,m>s1 be+ bo? m di/ant & small] ?an ,v5us1 does n pres5t s spl5did a sc5e1 & yet :5 x is at or ne> opposition x is a sup]b object ev5 = an op]a-glass1 its deep r$di%-yell[ color pres5t+ a f9e contra/ to t ( mo/ ( ! />s4 ,x c (t5 be se5 9 conjunction )1 or ne> to1 ! moon & />s1 & ! beauty ( ^! ph5om5a is 9 "s cases greatly enhanc$ by ! use ( a glass4 ,to f9d ,m>s 7& ! same rem>k applies to ! o!r planets71 take its "r asc5sion & decl9ation = ! requir$ date f ! ,nautical ,almanac1 & !n m>k its place ^u a planisph]e or any good />-map4 ,?is planet is at ! pres5t "t 7#ahhh7 sl[ly draw+ ne>] to ! e>? at ea* opposition1 & 9 #ahib x w be clos] to u ?an at any "t s9ce #ahgg1 :5 its two m9ute satellites 7 discov]$4 ,x w consequ5tly gr[ bright] e ye> until !n4 ,h[ spl5didly x %9es :5 at its ne>e/ approa* to ! e>? may be inf]r$ f ! fact t 9 #agai x 0 s brilliant z actually to cause a panic4 ,?is 0 d\btless ow+ to its peculi> r$ness4 ,i well rememb] ! almo/ />tl+ appe>ance :i* ! planet pres5t$ 9 ! autumn ( #ahgg4 ,m>s is especially int]e/+ because ( ! app>5tly gr[+ belief t x may be an inhabit$ _w1 & because ( c]ta9 curi\s m>k+s on its surface t c only be se5 "u favorable conditions4 ,! rec5t completion ( ! great ,lick telescope & o!r l>ge glasses1 & ! approa* ( ! planet to a favorable opposition1 give reason to hope t )9 ! next few ye>s a great deal ( light w be ca/ ^u "s ( ! enigmatical features ( ,m>s's surface4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jupit] ,,& ,,8 ,,moons4 7,,se5 ,,) ,a ,,field-,,glass2 ,,sev5 ,,diamet]s47 ,jupit]1 al?\gh mu* m di/ant ?an ,m>s1 is ord9>ily a f> m conspicu\s ph5om5on 9 ! sky on acc\nt ( 8 va/ bulk4 ,8 int]e/ to obs]v]s ) an op]a-glass dep5ds ma9ly ^u 8 f\r moons1 :i*1 z !y circle ab\t him1 pres5t a m9iature ( ! sol> sy/em4 ,) a /rong op]a-glass "o or two ( ,jupit]'s little family ( moons may occasionally be caught sight ( z excessively m9ute dots ( light half-hidd5 9 ! gl>e ( ! planet4 ,if y succe$ "u favorable circum/ances 9 see+ "o ( ^! moons ) y\r glass1 y w be all ! m a/oni%$ to le>n t !re are sev]al app>5tly well-au!nticat$ in/ances ( "o ( ! moons ( ,jupit] hav+ be5 se5 ) ! nak$ eye4 ,) a field-glass1 h[ev]1 y w h no difficulty 9 see+ all ( ! moons :5 !y are prop]ly situat$4 ,if y miss "o or m ( !m1 y may "k t x is ei!r betwe5 y & ! planet1 or beh9d ! planet1 or buri$ 9 ! planet's %ad[1 or else s close to ! planet z to be conceal$ by its radiance4 ,x w be be/ = ! obs]v] to take out ( ! ,nautical ,almanac ! configurations ( ,jupit]'s satellites = ! ev5+s on :i* he int5ds to make 8 obs]vations1 recollect+ t ! position ( ! :ole sy/em1 z !re giv51 is rev]s$1 or pres5t$ z se5 ) an a/ronomical telescope1 :i* inv]ts objects look$ at1 z an op]a-glass does n4 ,9 ord] to br+ ! satellites into ! positions 9 :i* he w see !m1 our obs]v] has only to turn ! page 9 ! ,nautical ,almanac %[+ _! configurations upside d[n4 ,( c\rse1 s9ce ! motions ( ! satellites1 p>ticul>ly ( ! inn] ones1 are v rapid1 _! positions are cont9ually *ang+1 & _! configurations are diff]5t e night4 ,if ! obs]v] has any d\bt ab\t 8 id5tification ( !m1 or ?9ks !y may be little />s1 he has only to c>efully note _! position & !n look at !m aga9 ! next ev5+4 ,he may ev5 notice _! motion 9 ! c\rse ( a s+le ev5+1 if he beg9s e>ly & foll[s !m = ?ree or f\r h\rs4 ,x is impossible to describe ! peculi> attractions ( ! sc5e pres5t$ by ! great planet & 8 f\r little moons on a s]5e ev5+ to an obs]v] arm$ ) a p[]ful glass4 ,probably mu* ( ! impressiv5ess ( ! spectacle is ow+ to ! k t ^? little po9ts ( light1 %9+ n[ 9 a r[ & n[ 9 a clu/]1 are actually1 at e in/ant1 "u ! gov]nm5t ( _! giant neighbor & ma/]1 & t z we look ^u !m1 ob$i5tly mak+ _! circuits ab\t him1 nev] v5tur+ beyond a c]ta9 di/ance away1 we behold a type ( t gravitational ma/]y to :i* our own little planet is subject z x revolves ar\nd its /ill great] rul]1 ! sun1 to ^: control ev5 ,jupit] 9 8 turn mu/ submit4 ,! beautiful planet ,saturn requires = ! obs]vation ( its r+s magnify+ p[]s f> beyond ^? ( ! in/rum5ts ) :i* our read]s are suppos$ to be arm$4 ,x w\ld be well1 h[ev]1 = ! obs]v] to trace its sl[ motion among ! />s ) ! aid ( ! ,nautical ,almanac1 & he %\ld be able ) a good field-glass to see1 "u favorable circum/ances1 ! l>ge/ ( its eight moons1 ,titan4 ,?is is equal 9 brilliancy to an #h4e magnitude />4 ,its position ) respect to ,saturn on any giv5 date c be le>n$ f ! ,ephem]is4 ,x may appe> some:at presumptu\s to place ,uranus1 a planet :i* x requir$ ! telescope & ! eye ( a ,h]s*el to discov]1 9 a li/ ( objects = ! op]a-glass4 ,b x mu/ n be =gott5 t ,uranus 0 se5 c]ta9ly sev]al1 & probably _m1 times be=e ,h]s*el's discov]y1 be+ simply mi/ak51 on acc\nt ( ! sl[ness ( its motion1 = a fix$ />4 ,:5 ne> opposition1 ,uranus looks z bright z a six?-magnitude />1 & c be easily detect$ ) ! nak$ eye :5 its position is kn[n4 ,) an op]a-glass 7& /ill m readily ) a field-glass7 ?is di/ant planet c be wat*$ z x moves delib]ately onw>d 9 its gigantic orbit4 ,its passage by neighbor+ />s is an exce$+ly int]e/+ ph5om5on1 & x is 9 ?is way t y may recognize ! planet4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ,may #bi1 #ahhh1 ,i knew1 f ! co-ord9ates giv5 9 ! ,nautical ,almanac1 t ,uranus 0 to be f\nd a %ort di/ance ea/ ( ,m>s1 :i* 0 !n only a few degrees f ! well-kn[n /> ,gamma ,virg9is4 ,accord+ly1 ,i turn$ my op]a-glass ^u ,m>s1 & at once saw a /> 9 ! expect$ position1 :i* ,i knew 0 ,uranus4 ,b !re 7 o!r small />s 9 ! field1 &1 suppos+ ,i _h n be5 c]ta9 :i* 0 ,uranus1 h[ c\ld ,i h recogniz$ x8 ,! answ] is pla93 simply by wat*+ = a night or two to see :i* /> mov$4 ,t /> w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be ,uranus4 ,! accompany+ cuts w %[ ! motions ( ,m>s & ,uranus ) respect to neighbor+ />s at t "t1 & w s]ve z an example ( ! me?od ( di/+ui%+ a planet f ! fix$ />s by its *ange ( place4 ,9 ! fir/ cut we h ! two planets & ?ree neighbor+ />s z !y appe>$ on ,may #bi?4 ,^! />s 7 be/ se5 ) a field-glass1 al?\gh an op]a-glass readily %[$ !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>s ,,& ,,uranus1 ,,may #bi1 #ahhh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>s ,,& ,,uranus1 ,,june #a1 #ahhh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>s ,,& ,,uranus1 ,,june #f1 #ahhh4 ,on ,june #a/ ! relative positions ( ! planets & />s 7 z %[n 9 ! second cut4 ,a glance suffices to %[ t n only ,m>s b ,uranus also has %ift$ its position ) respect to ! ?ree immovable />s4 ,?is *ange ( place alone w\ld h suffic$ to indicate ! id5tity ( ,uranus4 ,to make sure1 ! inexp]i5c$ obs]v] _h only to cont9ue 8 obs]vations a few nights long]4 ,on ,june #f? ,m>s & ,uranus 7 9 conjunction1 & _! position1 z well z t ( ! same set ( ?ree />s1 is %[n 9 ! ?ird cut4 ,x w be se5 t :ile ,m>s _h *ang$ its place v mu* m ?an ,uranus1 yet t ! latt] planet _h n[ mov$ s f> f its orig9al position on ,may #bi?1 t !re c\ld be no possibility t ! m]e/ tyro 9 />-gaz+ w\ld fail to notice ! *ange4 ,:5ev] ! obs]v] sees an object :i* he suspects to be a planet1 he c satisfy himself ( its id5tity by mak+ a s]ies ( little sket*es l ! above1 %[+ ! position ( ! suspect$ object on successive ev5+s1 ) respect to neighbor+ />s4 ,! same plan suffices to id5tify ! l>g] planets1 9 ! case ( :i* no glass is necess>y4 ,! obs]v] c simply make a c>eful e/imate by ! nak$ eye ( ! suppos$ planet's di/ance & be>+ f l>ge />s ne> x1 & comp>e !m ) simil> obs]vations made on subsequ5t ev5+s4 ,,! ,,sun4--,t spots ^u ! sun may be se5 ) no great] optical aid ?an t ( an op]a-glass is p]haps well kn[n to _m ( my read]s1 = dur+ ! pa/ t5 ye>s public att5tion has be5 drawn to sun-spots 9 an especial mann]1 on acc\nt ( _! suppos$ connection ) meteorology1 & 9 t "t !re h be5 _m spots ^u ! sol> disk :i* c\ld n only be se5 ) an op]a-glass1 b ev5 ) ! unassi/$ eye4 ,at pres5t 7#ahhh7 we are ne> a m9imum p]iod ( sun-spots1 & ! numb] to be se5 ev5 ) a telescope is comp>atively v small1 yet only a few days be=e ?is page 0 writt5 !re 0 a spot on ! sun l>ge en\gh to be conspicu\s ) ! aid ( a field-glass4 ,dur+ ! "t ( a spot-maximum ! sun is occasionally a wond]ful object1 no matt] h[ small ! p[] ( ! in/rum5t us$ 9 view+ x may be4 ,/r+s ( spots ( e v>iety ( %ape sometimes ext5d completely across ! disk4 ,our illu/ration %[s ! appe>ance ( ! sun1 z drawn by ! au?or on ! #a/ ( ,septemb]1 #ahhc4 ,e "o ( ! spots & spot-gr\ps !re repres5t$ c\ld be se5 ) a good field-glass1 & ne>ly all ( !m ) an op]a-glass4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,sun1 ,,septemb] #a1 #ahhc4 ,z 9 all su* cases1 our int]e/ 9 ! ph5om5a increases 9 proportion to our und]/&+ ( _! significance & _! true scale ( magnitude4 ,9 glanc+ f side to side ( ! sun's disk1 ! eye ranges ov] a di/ance ( m ?an #hfj1jjj miles--n a m]e ideal di/ance1 or an expanse ( empty space1 b a di/ance fill$ by an actual &1 s to speak1 tangible body1 ^: diamet] is ( t /up5d\s magnitude4 ,"o sees at a glance1 !n1 ! enorm\s scale on :i* ^! spots are =m$4 ,! e>? plac$ beside !m w\ld be b a speck1 & yet !y are m]e pits 9 ! surface ( ! sun1 fill$ p]haps ) p>tially cool$ metallic vapors1 :i* h be5 ca/ up f ! int]ior1 & are settl+ back aga94 ,x is wor? anybody's :ile to get a glimpse at a sun-spot if he c1 =1 al?\gh he may see x m]ely z a black dot on ! %9+ disk1 yet x repres5ts ! play ( physical =ces ^: might & p[] are !re ex]cis$ on a scale really beyond human compreh5sion4 ,! imag9ation ( ,milton or ,dante w\ld h beheld ! m\? ( hell yawn+ 9 a sun-spot4 ,9 ord] to view ! sun x is1 ( c\rse1 necess>y to contrive "s protection = ! eyes4 ,?is may be con/ruct$ by tak+ two /rips ( glass f\r or five in*es long & an in* wide1 & smok+ "o ( !m until y c )\t discom=t look at ! sun ?r\gh x4 ,!n place ! two /rips toge!r1 ) ! smok$ surface inside--tak+ c>e to sep>ate !m slightly by pieces ( c>dbo>d plac$ betwe5 ! ends--& fa/5 ! edges toge!r ) /rips ( pap] gumm$ on4 ,!n1 by means ( a rubb] b&1 fa/5 ! d>k glass ?us prep>$ ov] ! eye-end ( y\r op]a-glass 9 su* a way t bo? ( ! l5ses are completely cov]$ by x4 ,x w require a little practice to enable y to get ! sun into ! field ( view & keep x !re1 & = ?is purpose y %\ld assume a po/ure--sitt+1 if possible--:i* w enable y to hold ! glass v /eady4 ,!n po9t ! glass ne>ly 9 ! direction ( ! sun1 & move x sl[ly ab\t until ! disk comes 9 sight4 ,x is be/ to c>efully focus y\r in/rum5t on "s di/ant object be=e try+ to look at ! sun ) x4 ,z !re is "s dang] ( ! %ade-glass be+ crack$ by ! heat1 especially if ! object-glasses ( ! in/rum5t are pretty l>ge1 x w\ld be well to get ! /rips ( glass = ! %ade l>ge en\gh to cov] ! object-end ( ! in/rum5t in/ead ( ! eye-end4 ,at a little exp5se an optician w furni% y ) /rips ( glass ( complem5t>y t9ts1 :i*1 :5 fa/5$ toge!r1 give a v pleas+ view ( ! sun )\t discolor+ ! disk4 ,d>k r$ ) d>k blue or gre5 answ] v well2 b ! color mu/ be v deep4 ,! same arrangem5t1 ( c\rse1 w s]ve = view+ an eclipse ( ! sun4 ,a ^w1 f9ally1 ab\t ! mess5g] :i* br+s to u all ! k we possess ( ! cont5ts & m>vels ( space--light4 ,)\t ! all-p]vad+ lum9if]\s e!r1 n>r[ inde$ w\ld be our acqua9tance ) ! physical creation4 ,?is is a sympa!tic bond by :i* we may conceive t intellig5t creatures ?r\gh\t ! univ]se are unit$4 ,light tells u ( ! exi/5ce ( suns & sy/ems s remote t ! m9d %r9ks f ! attempt to conceive _! di/ance2 & light be>s back aga9 to !m a simil> message 9 ! feeble glimm]+ ( our own sun4 ,& c any "o believe t !re are no eyes out yond] to receive1 & no intellig5ce to int]pret t message8 ,sir ,humphry ,davy has beautifully express$ a simil> ?\ght 9 "o ( 8 philosophical romances3 ,9 ,jupit] y w\ld see creatures simil> to ^? 9 ,saturn1 b ) diff]5t p[]s ( locomotion2 9 ,m>s & ,v5us y w\ld f9d races ( creat$ =ms m analog\s to ^? belong+ to ! ,e>?2 b 9 e "p ( ! planet>y sy/em y w\ld f9d "o "* peculi> to all intellig5t natures1 a s5se ( receiv+ impressions f light by v>i\s organs ( vision1 & t[>d ?is result y c n b p]ceive t all ! arrangem5ts & motions ( ! planet>y bodies1 _! satellites & atmosph]es1 are subs]vi5t4 ,! spiritual natures1 !re=e1 t pass f sy/em to sy/em 9 progression t[>d p[] & k pres]ve at lea/ ?is "o inv>iable "*1 & _! intellectual life may be said to dep5d m or less ^u ! influ5ce ( light4,g ,g ,see ,consolations 9 ,travel1 or1 ! ,la/ ,days ( a ,philosoph]2 ,dialogue ,i4 ,light is a result1 & an expression1 ( ! en]gy ( cosmical life4 ,! univ]se lives :ile light exi/s4 ,b :5 ! ?robb+ en]gies ( all ! suns are exhau/$1 & space is fill$ ) univ]sal gloom1 ! light ( intellig5ce mu/ vani% too4 ,"o c n read ! wond]ful messages ( light--"o c n /udy ! sun1 ! moon1 & ! />s 9 any mann]--)\t p]ceiv+ t ! physical univ]se is enorm\sly great] ?an he _h ?\ght1 & t ! creation1 ( :i* ! ,e>? is an inf9itesimal "p1 is almo/ inf9itely m magnific5t 9 actual magnitude ?an ! imag9>y doma9 :i* m5 ( old times pictur$ z ! dwell+-place ( ! all-controll+ gods2 )\t feel+ t he has ris5 to a high] plane1 & t 8 intellectual life has tak5 a nobl] aim & a broad] scope4 ,,index4 ,a*]n>1 #id4 ,albireo 7beta ,cygni71 #ee4 ,alcor1 #bg4 ,alcyone1 #ajb4 ,ma$l]'s ,c5tral ,sun1 #ajd4 ,aldeb>an1 #bb1 #hi1 #ia1 #id1 #ie1 #ih4 ,alg5ib 7alpha ,p]sei71 #hd1 #he4 ,algol1 ! ,demon-,/>1 #hc4 probable cause ( v>iation (1 #he4 ,al-,mam\n1 ! ,caliph1 obs]vation ( a tempor>y />1 #ce4 ,almaa* 7gamma ,&rom$ae71 #gi1 #hb4 ,alph>d1 #af4 ,alpha ,&rom$ae1 #gi4 ,agn>ii 7,sadalmelik71 #fg4 ,arietis 7,hamal71 #gd4 ,capricorni 7,gi$i71 #fe4 ,ceti 7,m5k>71 #gj4 ,draconis1 =m]ly ! pole-/>1 #ajb4 ,librae1 #eb4 ,ophiu*i 7,ras ,alhague71 #db4 ,orionis 7,betelgeuse71 #ia1 #ih1 #ajf4 ,pegasi 7,m>kab71 #gj4 ,ursae ,majoris1 #bh4 ,alph]atz 7alpha ,&rom$ae71 #gi4 ,alps1 ! lun>1 #ace4 ,altai ,m\nta9s1 #ace4 ,altair1 #ee4 ,&rom$ae1 map (1 #gf4 my?ology (1 #ge4 ,ant>es1 #cb1 #cc1 #ih4 ,ant9\s1 #ee4 ,ap5n9es1 ! lun>1 #ace4 ,apollonius1 reg>d$ ! moon z a mirror1 #aai4 ,aqu>ius1 map (1 #fd4 my?ology (1 #fg4 ,aquila1 map (1 #ef4 my?ology (1 #ee4 ,aratus1 description ( ! ,mang]1 #ae4 ! ,diosemia (1 #ae4 ! ,ph5om5a (1 #bj4 /ory ( ,virgo1 #ea4 description ( ! ,royal ,family1 #gh4 description ( ,cetus1 #gj4 ,arcturus1 #aj1 #bd1 #bf1 #di1 #ef4 ,argo1 map (1 #aaj4 my?ology (1 #aae4 ,aries1 map (1 #ga4 my?ology (1 #ge4 ,ario/o1 /ory ( a trip to ! moon1 #acf4 ,ari/>*us1 ! %9+ m\nta91 #abe4 ,aselli1 #ae4 ,a/]ope1 #ajc4 ,atlas1 #ajb4 ,auriga1 map (1 #bc4 my?ology (1 #bc4 /> sw>ms 91 #bb4 ,autumn1 map ( ! ,/>s (1 #fb4 ,b>ts*ius inv5ts ,monoc]os1 #aag4 ,bay ( ,dew1 #abi4 ,bay ( ,ra9b[s1 #abi4 ,be>'s head1 />s =m+ !1 #bh4 ,bellatrix1 #ij1 #ajg4 ,belt1 ,orion's1 #ij1 #ajg4 ,b]5ice's ,hair1 ! con/ellation (1 #bd4 picture (1 #ec4 ,bessel1 /udies ( ,sirius & ,procyon1 #bj4 lett] ab\t d>k />s1 #aad4 ,beta ,&rom$ae 7,mira*71 #gi4 ,arietis 7,%]atan71 #ge4 ,capricorni 7,dabih71 #fe4 ,cassiopeia1 #gd4 ,beta ,corvi1 #be4 ,cygni 7,albireo71 #ee4 ,librae1 #eb4 ,leonis 7,d5ebola71 #ab4 ,lyrae1 #ej4 ,pegasi1 #gj4 ,scorpionis1 #cd4 ,ursae ,m9oris 7,ko*ab71 #bg4 ,betelgeuse 7alpha ,orionis71 #ia1 #ih1 #ajf4 ,be?lehem1 ! s-call$ ,/> (1 #hg4 ,biela's comet1 x breaks up1 #hb4 ,biela meteors1 radiant po9t ( !1 #hb4 ,booetes1 map (1 #ej4 my?ology (1 #ec4 ,cali/o1 ano!r "n ( ,ursa ,major1 #bi4 ,canc]1 map (1 #ah4 my?ology (1 #ae4 ,canes ,v5atici1 #ed4 ,canis ,major1 map (1 #aaj4 my?ology (1 #aae4 ,canis ,m9or1 map (1 #ah4 my?ology (1 #ba4 ,canopus1 #aad4 ,capella1 #i1 #bb1 #di1 #hi1 #ia4 ,cape ,h]aclides1 #abi4 ,laplace1 #abi4 ,capricornus1 map (1 #fd4 my?ology (1 #fg4 ,cassiopeia1 map (1 #gf4 my?ology (1 #ge4 ,ca/or1 #ag4 ,ca?>9a1 #ace4 ,caucasus ,m\nta9s1 #ace4 ,cela5o1 #ajc4 ,c5tral ,gulf1 #abi4 ,c5tral ,sun1 ,ma$l]'s ideas ab\t a1 #ajd4 ,cepheus1 map (1 #eh1 #gf4 ,cetus1 map (1 #ga4 my?ology (1 #gj4 ,*i ,ceti1 #gc4 ,clavius1 #abd1 #acb1 #acc4 ,coal-,sack1 #eg4 ,comet1 ,biela's1 #hb4 ,comet1 ,halley's1 ! 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/>s )1 #c4 h[ to *oose a good1 #d4 magnify+ p[] (1 #d4 defects (1 #e4 ,ophiu*us & ,s]p5s1 map (1 #da4 my?ology (1 #da4 ,orion1 map (1 #ic4 my?ology (1 #aji4 great array ( />s ar\nd1 #ij4 ri*es (1 #ajf4 spectacle ( ! ris+ (1 #hi4 ,orpheus1 fancies ab\t ! moon1 #aai4 ,pegasus1 map (1 #fd4 my?ology (1 #fi4 ,p]seus1 map (1 #gf4 my?ology (1 #ge4 great clu/] 91 #hf4 ,phantom1 ano!r "n ( ,h]cules1 #de4 ,photography1 a/ronomical1 #c1 #aje4 ,pi ,argus1 #aaf4 ,five ,orionis1 #aji4 ,pegasi1 #gj4 ,pisces1 map (1 #ga4 my?ology (1 #gd4 ,piscis ,au/ralis1 #fg4 ,plato1 #ace4 ,pleiades1 #aj1 #bb1 #hi1 #ie4 names ( !1 #ajj4 my?ology (1 #ajj4 & ! ,flood1 #aja1 #ajb4 & ! ,great ,pyramid1 #aja4 picture ( !1 #ajc4 common motion ( !1 #ajd4 ,pleione1 #ajb1 #ajc4 ,pole-/>1 #aj1 #bf4 ,pollux1 #ag4 ,praesepe 7! ,mang]71 #ae4 ,prime ,m]idian1 #gd4 ,proclus1 #abg4 ,procyon1 #i1 #bj4 ,pyramid ( ,*eops & ! ,pleiades1 #aja4 ,pyr5ees ,m\nta9s1 #abh4 ,ras ,alhague 7alpha ,ophiu*i71 #db4 ,rays ( ! ,moon1 #aca4 ,regulus1 #i1 #aa4 ,revolution ( ! heav5s1 #g1 #cj4 ,rho ,ophiu*i1 #cc4 ,rigel1 #ia1 #id1 #ih1 #ajh4 ,r+ ,nebula1 #ej4 ,royal ,family1 #fc1 #ge4 ,ru!r=d1 photograph ( ! moon1 #abb4 ,sadalmelik 7alpha ,aqu>ii71 #fg4 ,sagitta1 map (1 #ef4 ,sagitt>ius1 map (1 #cd4 my?ology (1 #cd4 ,saiph1 #ij4 ,saturn1 #adb4 ,scorpio1 map (1 #cd4 my?ology (1 #cb4 pair ( />s 9 /+ (1 #cg4 ,s*ickh>d1 #acj4 ,sea ( ,cl\ds1 #acj4 ,sea ( ,cold1 #abi4 ,sea ( ,f]tility1 #abg4 ,sea ( ,humors1 #acj4 ,sea ( ,nect>1 #abh4 ,sea ( ,s]5ity1 #abh4 ,sea ( ,%[]s1 #abi4 ,sea ( ,tranquillity1 #abg4 ,sea ( ,vapors1 #abi4 ,sec*i1 ,fa!r1 types ( ! />s1 #ajf4 description ( a />-sw>m1 #ci4 ,seiss1 ,rev4 ,dr41 on ,canis ,m9or1 #ba4 description ( ,auriga1 #bc4 ,%]atan 7beta ,arietis71 #ge4 ,sidus ,ludovicianum1 #bg4 ,sirius1 #i1 #bb1 #ia4 color (1 #aaa4 size & di/ance (1 #aab4 ! companion (1 #ba1 #aad4 its light comp>$ ) ! sun's1 #df4 ,sigma ,tauri1 #ii4 ,sixty-"o ,cygni1 #ef4 ,smy?1 ,admiral1 on ,capricorn1 #fg4 description ( ,aldeb>an1 #ih4 description ( #ce ,m1 #ah4 ,sol/ice1 summ]1 #af1 #ai4 w9t]1 #ch4 ,sobieski's ,%ield1 #ci4 ,sol> sy/em1 voyag+ (1 9 space1 #dc4 ,s\!rn ,cross1 #ia1 #aaf4 ,s\? ,sea1 #acj4 ,spectroscopic analysis1 #c1 #ih4 ,spica1 #aj1 #bd1 #bf1 #ea4 ,spr+1 map ( ! />s (1 #h4 ,squ>e ( ,pegasus1 #fi4 ,/4 ,paul1 acqua9t$ ) ! con/ellations1 #ai4 ,/>-,clu/]s 7see ,nebulae1 etc474 ,/>-,clu/]1 light 9 a1 #de4 ,summ]1 map ( ! />s (1 #ca4 ,sun1 op]a-glass obs]vations ( !1 #ade4 !1 a v>iable />1 #gb4 ,sword ( ,orion1 #ajg4 ,taurus1 map (1 #ic4 my?ology (1 #ajb4 ! ,gold5 ,horns (1 #if4 ,poniat[skii1 #db4 ,tau ,aqu>ii1 #fh4 ,taygeta1 #ajc4 ,tempor>y />s3 #acd ,b4 ,c4 ! fir/ on record1 #ce4 #cic ,a4 ,d41 #ce4 #hbg1 #ce4 #abjc1 #ce4 #aegb1 ,ty*o's />1 #hg4 #aegh1 #cf4 #afjd1 #cf1 #db4 #ahfj1 #ce1 #ha4 #ahhe1 #hj4 ,temple1 discov]s a nebula 9 ! ,pleiades1 #ajd4 ,t5nyson1 describes ! ,pleiades1 #aje4 ,!ophilus1 #ace4 ,!ta ,orionis1 #ajg4 ,s]p5tis1 #dc4 ,tauri1 #ii4 ,tobias ,may]1 sees ! planet ,neptune1 #fi4 ,triangles1 map ( !1 #ga4 my?ology (1 #ge4 ,tw5ty-two ,canis ,majoris1 #aab4 ,scorpii1 #cc4 ,ty*o ,brahe1 inv5ts ,ant9\s1 #ee4 places ,hamal 9 ,aries1 #ge4 /udies ! /> ( #aegb1 #hg4 ,ty*o1 #abb1 #aca4 ,upsilon ,tauri1 #ajj4 ,uranus1 discov]y (1 #ai4 h[ to f9d1 #adb4 ,ursa ,major1 map (1 #bg4 my?ology (1 #bh4 />s 9 ! feet (1 #bh4 ,ursa ,m9or1 map (1 #bg4 my?ology (1 #bh4 ,vega1 #di4 ,v5us1 mi/ak5 = artificial light1 #b4 op]a-glass obs]vation (1 #aci4 ,virgil1 description ( ,taurus1 #if4 ,virgo1 map (1 #ej4 my?ology (1 #ea4 ,vision1 see+ ) av]t$1 #ac4 ,voltaire1 /ory ( ,micromegas1 #aae4 ,vulpecula1 map (1 #ef4 ,webb1 ,rev4 ,t4 ,w41 on telescopes1 #e4 on #ce ,m1 #ah4 ,we/]n ,fi%1 #gc4 ,w9t]1 brilliancy ( ! heav5s 91 #ia4 map ( ! />s (1 #ib4 ,woman 9 ! ,moon1 #aba4 ,zeta ,corvi1 #be4 ,cassiopeia1 #hf4 ,leonis1 #aa4 ,lyrae1 #ej4 ,scorpionis1 #cf4 ,tauri1 a po9t] to ! ,crab ,nebula1 #ig4 ,zi ,argus1 #aaf4 ,zodiac1 #af4 ,zodiac1 divid$ among ! ,twelve ,apo/les1 #hf4 ( ,d5d]a1 #ad4 ,zoelln]1 e/imate ( ,sirius's light1 #df4 ,,! ,,end4