,transcriber's ,note ,obvious typographical errors have been corrected4 ,a list of corrections is found at the end of the text4 ,oe ligatures have been expanded4 ,illustration ,illustration3 ,graceful ,riding ,a ,,pocket ,,manual ,for ,equestrians1 ,,by ,s4,c4 ,waite ,esq,,re ,,london ,,robert ,,hardwicke #aib ,,piccadilly ,,and ,,all ,,booksellers4 ,,graceful ,,riding4 ,a ,,pocket ,,manual ,,for ,,equestrians4 ,,abridged ,,and ,,revised ,,from ,,waite',s ,,equestrian',s ,,manual1 ,,dedicated ,,to ,h4,r4,h4 ,,prince ,,albert4 ,,by ,s4 ,c4 ,,waite1 ,,esq4 ,,london3 ,,robert ,,hardwicke1 #aib1 ,,piccadilly3 ,,and ,,all ,,booksellers4 #ahei4 ,,preface4 ,the ,author's last publication1 ,the ,equestrian's ,manual1 having met with so kind a reception from the ,press and the ,public--one which he looks upon with the greatest gratitude--has induced him to compile for the use of ,equestrians of both sexes the present little ,work1 in the sincere hope that his humble efforts may1 in some degree1 aid in obviating the many severe and often fatal accidents1 the result1 in most instances1 of inexperience in ,horsemanship4 ,should he have attained this end1 and given some instruction to the nervous and timid1 or any to the experienced equestrian1 he will feel himself well repaid4 ,,introduction4 ,the science of ,equitation has for many years been allowed1 by the testimony and strong recommendation of the most eminent of the faculty1 to be an accomplishment highly conducive and most beneficial to health2 assisting the blood in its proper circulation through the frame1 on which depends wholly good spirits1 and freedom from bilious1 hypochondriacal1 and nervous affections4 ,parents should not neglect to have imparted to their children an art so calculated for the development of grace and beauty in maturity1 and1 above all other considerations1 one that so eminently guards against the many diseases of this varying climate2 diseases which are1 in fact1 almost1 if we may use the term1 indigenous to the spring and summer of life4 ,physicians1 of the past and present time1 whose mere names should be sufficient to procure every patronage1 are in favour of the acquirement of this most essential and elegant science4 ,the skill necessary to become a perfect rider1 can only be obtained through the tuition of a first-rate master2 and1 as far as the accomplishment can be explained within the limits of a book1 the ,author has endeavoured to do so2 but he repeats there is much which cannot be written1 and is only to be acquired through personal tuition4 ,lessons in the school alone can seldom make a good rider4 ,in it the horse and the pupil become accustomed to the same monotonous routine day after day2 but when they emerge on the road it is found that the expert rider of the school is deficient in tact and skill2 and1 in fact1 has learnt but little4 ,the nature of the animal will occasion this2 changing the scene of every-day objects in the school1 for the great variety he must meet on the road1 gives an impetus to his hitherto dormant spirit2 then the rider will find that he must exert all the skill and judgment he possesses to keep his horse under the proper control indispensable to his safe guidance4 ,in conclusion1 should this work contribute to the enlightenment of ladies and gentlemen desirous of becoming finished equestrians1 it will have accomplished the end for which it was undertaken4 ,,description ,,of ,,plates4 ,,plate ,i4 ,the first figure represents ,,waite',s ,,improved ,,seat4 ,the position is on the same system as the ,cavalry1 but being more neglige in appearance1 and much less constrained in feeling1 although equally correct1 imparts a more elegant and graceful seat to the rider4 ,,heavy ,,dragoon4 ,,hussar4 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,,racing4 ,,hunting4 ,,park4 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,the first figure represents the ,,general ,,seat of ,ladies on their saddles4 ,the second shows the position of a ,lady when mounted according to ,mr4 ,,waite',s ,,method of tuition2 by it a firm seat is gained on the saddle1 and consequently it is more secure than the usual seat2 being also more graceful and elegant in appearance1 and giving the rider a superior command over her horse1 and obviating the danger of the habit-skirt becoming entangled in the horse's legs4 ,,part ,i4 ,illustration ,,character ,,and ,,management ,,of ,,the ,,horse1 ,,with ,,directions ,,for ,,riding4 ,a knowledge of the general character and disposition of the horse is really and absolutely necessary to his skilful management1 from his extremely nervous sensibility1 his aptness to take the various impressions of fear1 affection1 or dislike1 to any of which he is naturally very quickly disposed4 ,reas'ning at ev'ry step he treads1 ,man yet mistakes his way2 ,while meaner things by instinct led ,are rarely known to stray4 ,speaking in soothing terms to a horse1 so that he may become familiar to the voice1 gives him confidence in his rider1 which is of the utmost importance4 ,at all times more is to be accomplished with the animal by gentle means than could possibly be done by harsh ones3 kindness1 or its opposite1 is speedily conveyed to and retained in his memory1 which is remarkably retentive4 ,this mutual confidence is perfectly appreciated by the ,arabs4 ,they invariably treat their horses with the greatest kindness and affection2 they are the ,bedouins' beloved and stanch companions1 and on them is the ,arabs' sole reliance in their predatory excursions2 they inhabit the same tent1 and the neck of the horse is not unfrequently the pillow of the ,arab and his family2 yet no accident ever occurs2 the kindness with which he is treated gives him an affection for his master1 a desire to please1 and a pride in exerting every energy in obedience to his command4 ,bad habits are speedily acquired by the horse1 and when once learned1 are very difficult to break him of4 ,in nine cases out of ten they arise from the stupidity1 joined to the brutality1 of an idle1 drunken1 ill-tempered groom2 who1 when out of temper1 invariably vents his rage upon the unoffending animal1 which1 at last1 to protect 7or revenge7 itself from the besotted tormentor1 acquires a habit of kicking and biting at every person and thing coming within its reach1 fearing that they are about to maltreat it4 ,many horses are condemned as vicious1 and actually are rendered so through timidity on the part of the rider4 ,the animal may be playful from rest1 or a lively temper by nature2 the rider1 whose judgment may not enable him to discriminate between playfulness1 nervousness1 or vice1 becomes alarmed1 and1 consequently1 loses his self-command2 and1 perhaps1 not having learned the correct mode of using his hands and reins1 in his boisterous endeavours to save himself from falling1 imparts fear to his horse4 ,the animal naturally imagines he has been guilty of some great fault1 and is fearful of punishment2 and should he not be familiar with the voice of his rider1 then a mutual struggle for safety takes place1 and causes an accident4 ,the horse is then condemned as vicious1 though the rider was alone in fault4 ,the same horse1 in the hands of an experienced horseman1 would become as ,,quiet as ever4 ,we often find that really dangerous horses have been reclaimed by ladies riding them6 ,this is entirely owing to their using them gently1 but firmly1 and speaking to them kindly2 by these means confidence is imparted1 and makes them ,all that a horse should be1 which nought did lack ,save a good rider on so proud a back4 ,a few minutes' riding will be sufficient to discover the nature and temper of a horse1 likewise what system of treatment has been pursued towards him 7which1 in consequence1 must be still followed74 ,there are very many persons who are considered good horsemen1 who have no fear1 and will ride anything1 or at anything1 yet have no idea1 beyond the mere fact of riding1 whether the saddle1 bridle1 and accoutrements are properly placed4 ,the neglect of attending to these matters has caused many serious accidents4 ,the method of gracefully holding and using the reins is very important1 although but little understood or attended to2 in fact1 it seems but a secondary consideration with ,riding-masters1 where it should be a ,,sine ,,qua ,,non4 ,one person may pull at a runaway horse with all his strength1 but to no purpose2 another possessing that knowledge shall be able to manage1 and hold him with a pack-thread4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,runaway ,,horses are most frequently made so by bad and timid riders1 who make use of a whip and spurs without having a firm seat4 ,such persons are easily unseated on the horse shying1 or jumping about in a playful mood2 then1 in their endeavours to recover themselves1 they slacken their reins1 and at the same time unintentionally goad him with their spurs1 or strike him with their whip4 ,in clutching at the reins1 the horse becoming frightened1 naturally increases his speed1 until1 from the continued irritation of whip and spur1 in the terrified horseman's futile attempts to subdue him1 the horse becomes maddened with terror and excitement1 and ultimately throws his rider4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,shying is often the result of skittishness or affectation at first4 ,this may be easily overcome and cured1 at its commencement1 by the judicious treatment of the rider1 in using firmness tempered with kindness2 avoiding all harsh measures1 and passing the horse several times quietly by the object which caused him to shy4 ,a word1 half-scolding1 half-encouraging1 with a gentle pressure of the heel1 or a slight touch of the spur or whip1 will convince him there is nothing to fear2 and1 further1 will give the animal confidence in his rider on future occasions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,kicking is a dangerous vice1 and generally the result of an idle groom or stable-boy playing with the horse1 and pinching him on the loins2 so that1 should any extraneous substance be in the padding of the saddle1 or the flaps of a coat touch him there1 or even a hand be thoughtlessly laid on his quarters1 he immediately commences kicking to dislodge the cause4 ,once succeeding1 he has invariably recourse to the same remedy1 until the habit becomes confirmed4 ,there are many valuable horses ruined by thoughtlessness and folly4--,this is more frequently the case with animals of high courage4 ,in many instances1 a very trivial alteration in the adjustment of the saddle or bridle1 c4 7had the rider been properly instructed1 and therefore possessing the knowledge how such alterations should be made71 would have saved great danger and annoyance to the rider1 and unnecessary pain to the horse4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,when ,a ,,horse ,,is ,,kicking1 the rider should throw his body well back1 raise the horse's head1 and apply the whip smartly over his shoulders4 ,rearing is very dangerous1 and most difficult to break4 ,it is often caused by the bit being too sharp for the horse1 his mouth being tender1 or perhaps sore4 ,when rearing1 the whole weight of horse and rider being thrown perpendicularly on the animal's hind legs1 the most trifling check from the rider's hand would cause him to fall backwards2 the rider must drop his hand as before1 loosen the reins1 and throw his whole weight on his shoulders1 at the same time catching him 'round the neck with his right hand4 ,these directions will much assist in bringing him down on his feet again1 and prevent the rider's body from falling backwards4 ,unsteadiness in mounting is very often the consequence of the horse's eagerness and anxiety to start4 ,it is generally the fault with thorough-bred1 high-couraged1 young and nervous horses4 ,it is a most annoying fault1 especially with elderly and timid riders1 many of whom are frequently thrown before they can firmly seat themselves4 ,this is only to be cured by an active and good horseman1 combined with firm1 though gentle and kind1 usage2 by approaching him gently and patting him1 mounting at the first effort1 and when seated1 restraining him1 patting his neck1 and speaking kindly to him1 but1 at the same time1 not allowing him to move until he is perfectly quiet4 ,in a few days he will be quite cured of his fault4 ,remember6 harshness must never be used in this case1 as great mischief may be done by such a course1 and the habit will be confirmed4 ,,kindness will succeed generally in most cases of vice2 ,,harshness never will in any6 ,the position of the saddle should be in accordance with the formation of the horse's shoulders1 and about a hand's breadth from them1 so as not in any way to interfere with or impede the free action of the muscles4 ,the malposition of the saddle1 particularly in horses with upright shoulders1 is the cause of many horses falling1 from its pressing too much on the shoulders1 and by that means confining the action of the muscles1 which thus become benumbed1 and lose their elasticity4 ,a partial deadening of the limbs having taken place1 the horse1 from want of vitality in the legs1 stumbles1 and is unable1 through the torpidity of the muscles1 to recover himself1 and falls to the ground2 in many cases he has been known to fall as if shot4 ,the saddle should be wide1 and roomy4 ,the length of the stirrups should be such as to give ease to both horse and rider2 the latter ought at all times to assimilate his movements in the saddle to those of the horse in his stride4 ,a tight rein should always be avoided1 because1 if he carries his head low1 it tends to deaden his mouth1 and teaches him the bad habit of depending upon the bridle for support2 in which case1 he always goes heavily in hand1 and on his shoulders4 ,the horse should at all times be taught to go on his haunches4 ,if the horse naturally carries his head well1 it is better to ride him with a light hand1 only just feeling his mouth4 ,with neck like a rainbow1 erecting his crest1 ,pamper'd1 prancing1 and pleased1 his head touching his breast2 ,scarcely snuffing the air1 he's so proud and elate1 ,the high-mettled racer first starts for the plate4 ,,old ,,song4 ,,on ,,properly ,,fixing ,,the ,,bridle1 ,,saddle1 c4 ,,the ,,bridle4 ,in fitting the bridle1 ,,the ,,curb ,,bit should be placed so that the mouth-piece be but one inch above the lower tusk1--in mares1 two inches above the corner tooth2 ,,the ,,bridoon touching the corner of the lips1 so as to fit easy1 without wrinkling them2 ,,the ,,headstall parallel to the projecting cheek-bone1 and behind it2 ,,the ,,throat ,,lash should be sufficiently long to fall just below the cheek-bone1 and not lay over or upon it2 ,,the ,,nose ,,band should be placed low--but that must depend very much on the size of the horse's mouth--and not buckled tight2 ,,the ,,curb1 when properly fitted1 should be flat and smooth in the hollow of the lips1 so as to admit one finger easily between4 ,,the ,,saddle should be placed in the middle of the horse's back1 about a hand's breadth1 or four or five inches1 from the shoulders1 so as to give perfect freedom to the action of the muscles of the shoulders4 ,,the ,,girths must be laid evenly one over the other1 and admit freedom for one finger between the girth and the horse's belly4 ,,the ,,surcingle should fit neatly over the girths1 and not be buckled tighter than they are4 ,the large ring of ,,the ,,breastplate or ,,martingale should be placed about two inches above the sharp breast-bone1 and should allow of the hand being laid flat between it and the shoulders4 ,,the ,,stirrups4 ,in length they should be so that the bottom edge of the bar is about three inches above the heel of the boot4 ,the author always adopts the following method for ascertaining the correct length of the stirrups1 viz43--,he takes up the stirrup-iron with the right hand1 at the same time placing the bottom of the stirrup-iron under the left arm-pit1 he extends the left arm until the fingers of that hand easily touch the stirrup buckles2 this is a sure criterion with most people4 ,,on ,,mounting4 ,in mounting1 the horse should always be approached quietly on the near 7or left7 side1 and the reins taken up steadily4 ,,the ,,snaffle 7or bridoon7 rein first1 then pass this rein along the palm of the left hand1 between the forefinger and thumb4 ,,the ,,curb ,,rein must now be drawn over the little finger1 and both reins being held of an equal length1 and having an even pressure on the horse's mouth1 must be laid over each other1 being held firmly in the hand1 the thumb pressing hard upon them to prevent them slipping through the fingers4 ,be particular that the reins are not taken up too short1 for fear it might cause the horse to rear or run back2 they must be held neither too tight nor too slack1 but having an equal feeling of the horse's mouth4 ,next take up a handful of the mane with the right hand1 bring it through the full of the left hand 7otherwise the palm71 and twist it round the thumb4 ,take hold of the stirrup with the right hand1 the thumb in front4 ,place the left foot in the stirrup as far as the ball of it1 placing the right hand on the cantle 7or back part of the saddle71 and1 by a spring of the right foot from the instep1 the rider should raise himself up in the stirrup1 then move the hand from the cantle to the pummel1 to support the body while the right leg passes clearly over the horse's quarters2 the rider's right knee closes on the saddle and the body falls gently into it4 ,the left hand now quits the mane1 and the second stirrup must be taken without the help of eye or hand4 ,the left hand 7the bridle hand7 must be placed with the wrist rounded outwards1 opposite the centre of the body1 and about three inches from it1 letting the right arm drop unconstrained by the side of the thigh4 ,,position ,,in ,,the ,,saddle4 ,the rider must sit upright1 and equally balanced in the middle of his saddle1 head erect1 and his shoulders well thrown back1 his chest advanced1 the small of his back bent forward1 but without stiffness4 ,the hollow part of the arm should hang down straight from the shoulder1 the lower part square to the upper1 the thighs well stretched down1 the flat part to the saddle1 so that the fore part of the knees may press and grasp it4 ,let the legs hang down easily and naturally1 close to the horse's sides1 with the feet parallel to the same1 and the heels well depressed2 the toes raised from the instep1 and as near the horse's sides as the heels2 the feet retained in the stirrups by an easy play of the ankle and stirrup1 the stirrup to be kept under the ball of the foot1 the joint of the wrist kept easy and pliable1 so as to give and take as occasion may require4 ,a firm and well-balanced position on horseback is of the utmost importance1 it affects the horse in every motion1 and failure in this proves one of his greatest impediments1 and will naturally injure him in all his movements4 ,in riding1 the hands and legs should act in correspondence in everything1 the latter being always held subservient to the former4 ,it is easy to discover those who have been thoroughly instructed in the manege1 by their firm1 graceful1 and uniform position in the saddle1 and their ready and skilful application of the aids or motions1 and the correct appliance of the bridle1 hands1 and legs2 such being indispensable to the skilful guidance and control of the horse4 ,,part ,,ii4 ,,on ,,the ,,reins1 c4 ,the author most particularly wishes to impress upon his readers the value of riding with ,,double ,,reins for safety sake1 and in order to avoid the numerous accidents arising from reins breaking1 the tongues of buckles giving way1 and the sewing of the reins to their bits coming undone4 ,when there is but one rein1 the rider is left quite at the mercy of an affrighted and infuriated animal2 where1 had there been ,,two1 he would still have sufficient command over the animal to prevent accidents4 ,there is another equally urgent reason for riding with double reins1 viz41 the continual use of the curb materially tends to deaden the sensitiveness of the horse's mouth2 from the constant and unavoidable drag upon the single rein1 especially if tender-mouthed1 he is made uneasy and fidgetty1 causing him to throw his head about1 and go extremely heavy in hand1 and frequently rear or run back1 to the very great danger and annoyance of his rider1 particularly when happening in a crowded drive4 ,it is very requisite to ride a horse occasionally well up to the curb bit1 and to keep him well up to it with the whip and heel1 so that he may get used to work on his haunches4 ,by this means he will be thrown upon them1 and1 consequently1 go light in hand1 the greater weight being taken from off his forehand1 by which his carriage and general appearance is materially improved4 ,after many essays1 the author has found the following method to be the most correct and ,,safe for holding the reins1 when using one or both hands4 ,by it the rider has a much firmer hold--or1 in professional parlance1 purchase--upon the reins1 in keeping them from slipping1 consequently1 a greater command over the horse1 and can more readily allow either rein to slip should he desire to use but one4 ,,for ,,holding ,,the ,,reins ,,in ,,one ,,hand4 ,the reins should hang untwisted from the bits4 ,the rider must take up the bridoon reins with his right hand1 and pass the second and third fingers of the bridle1 or left1 hand between them1 draw up the reins with the right hand1 until the horse's mouth can be felt1 and then pass them between the forefinger and thumb4 ,next take up the curb reins 7again with the right hand71 and pass the little finger of the bridle hand between them1 draw them up1 as before directed1 with the right hand1 until the rider perceives there is an equal length and feeling with the bridoon reins4 ,the latter having rather the strongest pressure on the animal's mouth4 ,this done1 lay them also over between the forefinger and thumb1 and press down the thumb firmly upon them to keep them from slipping2 the hand to be held with the wrist rounded outwards1 opposite the centre of the body1 and about four inches from it4 ,the right arm should hang without restraint1 and slightly bent1 by the thigh1 the whip being held about twelve inches from its head1 with the point turned upwards4 ,,using ,,both ,,hands4 ,take the bridoon reins between the second and third1 and the curb reins between the third and fourth1 fingers of each hand1 each rein having an equal bearing on the horse's mouth2 the hands are to be held about six inches apart1 with the wrists rounded outwards1 and the thumbs pressing firmly upon the reins1 the elbows well down1 and held near to the sides1 the whip held as directed above4 ,,riding ,,on ,,one ,,rein4 ,take up ,,that particular rein with the right hand1 and pass the second and third fingers of the bridle hand between them1 then draw up the reins1 but be careful1 in doing so1 not to hold the horse too tight in hand2 the ,,other rein should hang down1 having the little finger passed between them1 and the thumb also over them1 so that they may be caught hold of1 and drawn up quickly on any sudden emergency2 the loose reins are to hang between those in use4 ,,the ,,whip4 ,the whip being a requisite aid in the management and guidance of the horse1 should be used as an instrument of correction1 and by no means to be played with1 nor flourished about4 ,when using the whip for punishment1 scold at the same time2 by this means1 with a cross word will be associated the idea of chastisement4 ,however1 far more can be achieved by kindness than by any harsh measure2 but when such instances occur that it is absolutely necessary1 never hesitate to punish well1 so that the animal may thoroughly understand that it is punishment that is meant for his fault--not play4 ,a man of kindness to his beast is kind1 ,but brutal actions show a brutal mind3 ,remember ,he who made thee1 made the brute1 ,who gave thee speech and reason1 form'd him mute2 ,he can't complain1 but ,god's omniscient eye ,beholds thy cruelty4 ,he hears his cry4 ,he was designed thy servant--not thy drudge2 ,but know1 that his ,creator is thy ,judge4 ,colt-breaking by the ,guachos is performed in the same mode as the ,kalmucks1 with the lasso2 the idea of being thrown1 let a horse do what he pleases1 never occurs to a ,guacho4 ,according to them1 a good rider is a man who can manage an untamed colt1 and one1 if his horse should fall1 could alight unhurt upon his feet4 ,at the moment of a horse falling backwards they can slip quietly off1 and1 on the instant of his rising1 jump on him again4 ,they never seem to exert muscular force1 and appear to ride very loosely1 as if every moment they must fall off3 yet should his horse be suddenly frightened1 the ,guacho will start1 and take1 simultaneously1 fright with the horse4 ,there is nothing done on foot by the ,guachos that cannot be done on horseback2 even mounted beggars are to be seen in the streets of ,buenos ,ayres and ,mendoza4 ,it is not1 therefore1 surprising that1 with such multitudes of horses1 that the people should all be riders1 and excel all other nations in their expertness and boldness in their management4 ,the ,pampas and ,prairie ,indians1 whose forefathers fled from the ,spanish horsemen1 as if they were fatal apparitions1 now seem to be part and parcel of the horse4 ,they affirm the proudest attitude of the human figure is when a man bending over his horse1 lance in hand1 is riding at his enemy4 ,the ,guachos1 who ride so beautifully1 declare it is utterly impossible to vie with mounted ,indians2 they have such a way of urging on their horses by cries1 and a peculiar motion of their bodies2 even were they to change horses1 the ,indians would beat them4 ,the ,turks prefer the ,turkman horse to the pure-blooded1 slender ,arabian4 ,in fact1 from their trying mode of riding1 the fine limbs of the ,arab could not stand the shock upon them1 their favourite manoeuvre being to make a dead stop when galloping at full speed4 ,to accomplish this feat1 they use a very severe bit1 which1 of course1 destroys the sensibility of their horses' mouths2 while1 on the contrary1 the ,arabs use only a plain snaffle1 which preserves all the sensitiveness of the animals' mouths4 ,the ,toorkman1 or ,turkman horses4--,these are much esteemed by the ,persians4 ,they are large and swift1 and possess extraordinary powers of endurance1 though they are exceedingly awkward in appearance4 ,turkistan is their native region1 which lies north-east of the ,caspian ,sea2 but their tribes are widely dispersed over ,persia1 ,asia ,minor1 and ,syria4 ,the ,persians are great admirers of horsemanship1 and a bad rider affords them infinite amusement4 ,an officer of an ,english frigate having gone ashore to visit the envoy1 and being mounted on a very spirited horse1 and a very bad rider1 caused great entertainment to the ,persian populace4 ,the next day the man who supplied the ship with vegetables1 and spoke a little ,english1 said to the officer1 ',don't be ashamed1 sir1 nobody knows you--bad rider6 ,i tell them you1 like all ,english1 ride well1 but that time they see you very drunk6' ,we were much amused at this conception of our national character4 ,the ,persian thought it would have been a reproach for a man of a warlike nation not to ride well1 but none for a ,european to get drunk4#cc-99 #cc-99 ,vide ,the ,horse and his ,rider4 ,the ,syrian horses are reared with the utmost tenderness and care2 they are fondled and played with like children4 ,the ,syrian horse is equally good on mountainous1 or stony ground1 as on the plain2 he is indefatigable1 and full of spirit4 ,the ,timarli ride horses of the ,syrian breed1 mostly from their possessing these inestimable qualifications4 ,the ,neapolitan horse4--,this horse is small1 but compact and strong2 the head rather large2 the neck short1 and bull-shaped3 the prototype of the horses represented on the bassi-relievi of ancient ,roman sculpture4 ,he is capable of living on hard fare1 and undergoing great fatigue4 ,he is frequently vicious and headstrong2 this is chiefly owing to his harsh treatment2 though very high-spirited1 he would1 with gentle usage1 become extremely docile and good tempered4 ,the districts of ,apulia1 ,abruzzi1 and parts of ,calabria furnish this excellent animal4 ,the ,neapolitans have taken extreme pains in the breeding of their horses2 they make great display of them in their streets during the ,carnival1 and through ,lent4 ,the aristocratic families have excellent studs of great spirit and beauty4 ,,part ,,iii4 ,,on ,,the ,,paces ,,of ,,the ,,horse4 ,,the ,,walk4 ,of all the paces1 the walk is the easiest to the rider1 provided he sits in the centre of his horse's back1 as it consists of an alternate depression of the fore and hind quarters4 ,the motion may be compared to the vibration of the beam of a pair of scales4 ,the walk should be light1 firm1 and quick2 the knee must be moderately bent1 the leg should appear suspended in the air for an instant1 and the foot fall perfectly flat to the ground4 ,it is very difficult to confine young and mettlesome horses to a walk2 great good temper1 with a firm light hand1 are requisite to accomplish this4 ,when such horses change to a trot they should be stopped for a minute or two1 and then allowed to proceed again4 ,if the animal carries his head well1 ride him with a moderately loose rein1 raising the hand when he tries to break into a trot4 ,,the ,,trot4 ,the trot is allowed1 by professionals1 to be the only just basis upon which equestrians can ever attain a secure and graceful seat1 combined with confidence and firmness4 ,the rider has more control over the motions of his body in this pace than any other3 in this the body is well brought down into the saddle by its own weight1 and finds its true equilibrium4 ,when the rider wishes to make his horse trot1 let him ease his reins and press the calves of his legs gently2 when his horse is at a trot1 let him feel both his reins1 raise his horse's forehand1 and keep his haunches well under him4 ,,the ,,canter4 ,the rider must have a light and firm feeling of both reins to raise his horse's forehand2 at the same time1 with a pressure of both calves1 to bring the animal's quarters well under him1 having a double feeling of the inward rein1 and a strong pressure of the outward leg1 to cause him to strike off in unison4 ,at all times the horse should be taught to lead off with ,,either fore leg2 by doing so his legs will not be so much shaken1 especially the off fore leg1 which is the one he most generally leads off on4 ,this must be the case when he is continually throwing the greater part of his weight upon the leading fore leg1 as it comes to the ground1 which causes lameness of the foot1 and strains the back sinews of the legs4 ,being thoroughly taught to change his legs1 the horse is better enabled to perform long journeys1 with facility and comfort both to himself and his rider4 ,,turning4 ,in the turn either to the right or left1 the reins must be held quite evenly1 so that the horse may be immediately made to feel the aid of the rider's hands2 he 7the rider7 must then have a double feeling on the inward rein1 also retaining a steady feeling on the outward2 the horse being kept up to the hand by a pressure of both legs1 the outward leg being the stronger4 ,,reining ,,back4 ,the rider should frequently practise reining back1 which is of the utmost service both to himself and his horse3 by it1 the rider's hand is rendered firm and materially strengthened2 and the pliancy of wrist so essential to the complete management of the horse is achieved1 likewise causing the body of the rider to be well thrown back and his chest expanded1 thus forcing1 and preserving1 an erect position in the saddle4 ,also1 the carriage of the horse becomes greatly improved2 his head is maintained in its correct position1 and he is compelled to work correctly on his haunches4 ,in reining back1 the horseman requires a light and steady feeling of both reins1 a pressure of both legs1 so as to raise his horse's forehand and keep his haunches well under him1 at the same time easing the reins1 and feeling them again after every step4 ,,stopping4 ,none are thoroughly taught until quite ,,au ,,fait in the stop4 ,it is of far greater importance than may be usually imagined4 ,in the first place1 it shows the horse to be well under ,,command1 especially when the rider is able to do so instantaneously3 it saves in the second place1 many serious and inevitable accidents from carriages1 horsemen1 c41 such as crossing before suddenly pulling up1 turning quickly round a corner1 or coming unawares upon the rider4 ,care must be taken to make the ,,stop steadily2 not by a sudden jerk upon the bit2 by doing so the horse1 if tender mouthed1 will be made to rear and plunge4 ,to make the horse stop properly1 the bridle-hand must be kept low1 and the knuckles turned down4 ,the rider's body must be well thrown back2 he must have a steady feeling of both reins1 and1 closing both legs for a moment1 so keep his horse well up to hand4 ,n4 ,b4--,the rider's hands always must be eased as soon as halted4 ,,leaping4 ,much depends upon the manner of bringing a horse up to the leap2 he should be taken up straight and steady to it1 with the reins held in each hand--they must be kept low1 with the curb-rein held loosely4 ,the rider's body should be kept erect1 pliant1 and easy in its movements4 ,as the animal is in the act of rising in his leap and coming again to the ground1 the rider's body must be well thrown back4 ,the sitting of a leap1 well1 is entirely dependent upon the proper balance of the body2 thereby the weight is thrown correctly into the saddle1 and thus meets the horse's movements4 ,,the ,,standing ,,leap4 ,let the rider take up his horse at an animated pace1 halt him with a light hand upon his haunches2 when rising at the leap1 the rider should only just feel the reins1 so as to prevent them becoming slack1 when he springs forward1 yielding them without reserve2 as1 at the time1 the horse must be left quite at liberty4 ,as the horse's hind feet come to the ground1 the rider must again collect him1 resume his usual position1 and move on at the same pace4 ,his body must be inclined forward as the horse rises1 and backwards as he alights4 ,,flying ,,leap4 ,the horse must not be hurried1 but taken up at a brisk pace1 with a light and steady hand1 keeping his head perfectly steady and straight to the bar or fence4 ,this position is the same as in the standing leap2 and the aids required are the same as for making a horse canter4 ,if held too tight in the act of leaping1 the horse is likely to overstrain himself1 and fall4 ,if hurried at a leap1 it may cause him to miss his distance1 and spring too soon1 or too late2 therefore his pace must be regulated1 so that he may take his spring distant enough1 and proportionate to its height1 so that he may clear it4 ,when nearing the leap the rider must sit perfectly square1 erect1 pliant1 and easy in the act of leaping2 on arriving at the opposite side of the leap1 throw the body well back1 and again have the horse well in hand4 ,,swimming ,a ,,horse4 ,the rider must take up and cross his stirrups1 which will prevent the horse from entangling himself or his rider2 should he commence plunging and struggling in the water1 then quite loosen the curb-reins1 and scarcely feel the bridoon2 any attempt to guide the horse must be made by the slightest touch of the rein possible4 ,the rider also must have his chest as much over the horse's withers as he can1 and throw his weight forward1 holding on by the mane1 to prevent the rush of water from carrying him backwards4 ,should a horse appear distressed1 a person unable to swim may1 with great safety1 hold firmly by the mane1 and throw himself out flat on the water2 by those means he relieves the animal from his weight1 and the horse coming once more into his depth1 the rider may again recover his position in the saddle4 ,,bolting1 ,,or ,,running ,,away4 ,this dangerous habit is to be found very generally in nervous and young horses1 who at the least noise1 become alarmed1 and try to escape2 quickening their pace1 they break from a trot to a gallop1 until terrified with the impotent struggles of their riders to stop them1 or the sound of wheels behind them1 they become maddened1 and dash on in their perilous career4 ,once a horse finds he has succeeded in these efforts1 on any recurrence of noise or cause of affright1 he will pursue the same course1 to the imminent peril of life1 limb1--not only of the rider or driver1--but of whoever or whatever he may chance to meet in his impetuous flight4 ,the habit at length becomes confirmed1 and it is alone by the utmost nerve and coolness1 tempered with firmness and kindness1 that we may hope eventually to overcome the disease4 ,when a horse is known to have a disposition for running away1 a firm1 steady hold should be kept over him1 at the same time speaking soothingly and encouragingly2 but1 at the least symptom1 checking sharply and scolding him1 and never allowing him to increase his pace of his own accord1 as fear will oftentimes cause him at length to break into a gallop4 ,either in riding or driving1 the reins should be held firmly1 and the horse had well in hand2 but not by a constant pull to deaden the sensitiveness of his mouth2 taking care occasionally to ease the reins and keep the mouth alive by a gentle motion of the bit1 only just loosening them1 so that on any symptom of running away or bolting1 they may be caught up quickly1 and the horse be well placed under command1 without frightening him4 ,by a little judicious management in this way1 with patience1 kindness tempered with firmness1 a cure in most cases will be completed in a short time4 ,in riding and driving horses addicted to running away1 be very particular that all portions of the horse furniture be sound and strong1 more especially the reins and ,,bits4 ,,part ,,iv4 ,illustration ,,advice ,,to ,,ladies4 ,preparatory to a lady mounting her horse1 she should carefully approach to the shoulder4 ,the quietest animal will sometimes kick on a person coming suddenly to him from behind2 but if neared in the manner described1 he cannot possibly contrive to bite or kick4 ,it is also correct to allow the horse to see his rider as much as possible1 as it obviates the fright occasioned by a person getting suddenly on his back1 that he has not previously seen coming to him4 ,,the ,,habit4 ,both the habit and under garments should be full1 as upon this so much depends the requisite ease and graceful appearance4 ,the habit should not1 however1 be too long1 as it is liable to become entangled in the horse's legs4 ,sometimes serious and even fatal falls have occurred from this cause1 particularly if the horse falls to the ground1 as the habit cannot be speedily extricated from under him4 ,the author here strongly advises a lady never to tuck her skirts tight over the crutch of her saddle1 but take pains to have them so easy1 as to be enabled on the instant to disengage both skirts and knee4 ,a facility1 in this1 can only be acquired by constant practice2 and it is of far greater importance to the lady equestrian to attain1 than may appear at the first glance4 ,had this apparently slight attainment been made a matter of moderate consideration1 many a parent need not have had to deplore the death or disfigurement of a beloved child4 ,when a lady has her habit drawn over the crutch of her saddle1 and tucked tightly in under her leg 7for the purpose of keeping the skirt in its proper position71 she denies herself the full liberty of her knee1 and in case of accident1 to be off the horse4 ,on the slightest warning1 though foreseen1 whatever the danger1 the tightness of the lady's dress will not allow her to get her leg out of its place1 in time to make any effectual effort to save herself2 also1 it is probable that the habit might get entangled in the pummel1 and she1 frightened of course1 would become unable to disengage her foot from the stirrup 7or shoe71 in which case she inevitably experiences the most appalling of all accidents1--being dragged powerless1 by a terrified horse1 a considerable distance along the road4 ,before closing this portion of his subject1 the author is rejoiced that the extremely dangerous and most unnecessary fashion of wearing ,habit ,brooches is now no longer adopted1--things solely invented for trade purposes1--and to any1 and especially to a graceful horsewoman1 a truly ridiculous article to wear3 never to be patronized by a lady1 anxious for her own safety and the feelings of her family and friends4 ,to illustrate this3--,the position of a lady on horseback is greatly limited1 when compared to that of a gentleman2 necessarily then1 when her skirt is confined by a ,habit ,brooch1 all power must be taken away1 and all chance of escape1 when an accident occurs4 ,a very slight fall to the lady may be fatal1 where1 had she had the full liberty of her skirt1 it would have been very trivial4 ,the proper arrangement of the skirt of the riding-dress1 to prevent its flying about1 entirely depends on the lady herself4 ,,mounting4 ,two persons are absolutely necessary to assist a lady to mount2 one to keep the horse quiet1 by standing in front of him1 and holding the reins close to the bit1 one rein in each hand2 the other is for assisting her to mount4 ,the lady1 having regulated her habit1 must stand perfectly erect2 her right hand2 having the bridoon-rein hanging loosely on the thumb1 being placed upon the upright horn of the saddle 7her whip held between the thumb and forefinger71 her right side towards and close to it4 ,the second person1 who is to assist the lady to mount1 must now place himself near to1 and almost fronting her2 having united his hands by putting his fingers between each other1 and stooping down near to the ground1 receives the lady's left foot1 which should be placed firmly in them1 care being previously taken that no part of her skirt is under it4 ,the left knee should be kept as straight as possible1 in order to give additional purchase1 while lifting her perpendicularly and gracefully into the saddle4 ,the lady must then place her left hand on his right shoulder1 and as he lifts her1 she must spring from the instep1 at the same time guiding herself into the saddle with her right hand4 ,having gained her saddle1 the lady should take hold of her habit with her right hand1 close to the knee1 and raise it sufficiently to allow of the right knee dropping well home into the crutch1 and keeping it there1 as far as she possibly can1 immovable4 ,,rules ,,for ,,gaining ,,the ,,correct ,,position ,,in ,,the ,,saddle4 ,before a lady mounts she must endeavour to carry in her mind's eye the centre of her saddle4 ,on this centre she must1 as nearly as possible1 place herself2 and to assist her memory1 she should take it for a rule1 to keep her eyes in a straight line between the horse's ears when lifted into it4 ,by these means1 after a little practice1 she will not fail to drop almost insensibly into the correct position2 the weight of her body being thrown full into the centre of the saddle1 rendering her seat firm and easy to her horse and herself4 ,for example3--should we place a weight on one side of a table1 the other side having nothing on it as a balance1 if it does not actually fall1 it will become extremely insecure and unsteady2 but1 on the contrary1 if the weight be placed in the centre1 the table will be safe and steady1 even if ricketty before2 therefore1 if the lady does not sit square 7that is1 quite in the centre7 on her horse1 she must inevitably throw all her weight to one side1 and thereby destroy her power over the horse1 and instead of giving him his correct action1 render him unsafe1 and shambling in his gait4 ,,the ,,position ,,in ,,the ,,saddle4 ,to obtain a correct position in the saddle1 the lady must keep her head erect1 and her shoulders well thrown back1 which will have the effect of expanding the chest1 and giving the requisite hollowness to the small of the back4 ,it is also most important that the rider should keep her body from the waist to the bust very easy1 in no way to be constrained1 more especially across the loins4 ,by observing these directions1 the lady will be enabled to accommodate herself1 without uneasiness1 to the motions of her horse4 ,when the upper portion of the body regulates itself by its elasticity to the paces of the horse1 there is this additional advantage1--let the animal plunge or struggle as it may1 if the rider keeps her knee immovable in its place1 her left foot in the stirrup 7with the toe turned in1 which eminently assists her seat and balance71 and preserves her presence of mind1 and overcomes any approach to nervousness1 she cannot be unseated4 ,,the ,,arms4 ,they should hang perfectly independent of the body1 from the shoulders near the sides1 yet quite free from having a constrained appearance4 ,,the ,,legs4 ,the right leg from the hip to the knee should be kept down in the saddle1 and1 as much as the rider possibly can1 without moving4 ,the lady will materially assist herself in this object by drawing the heel backwards4 ,the left leg must hang steady1 yet not1 by any means1 rest its weight in the stirrup1 for in consequence of the muscles of the leg being round1 the foot will naturally turn outward1 thus causing a wavering1 tottering seat1 inclining the body too much out of balance1 and giving a disunited motion to the horse1 and an ungraceful and deformed appearance to the rider4 ,to prevent this1 the knee must be kept firmly pressed to the saddle2 and1 as before remarked1 by depressing the heel1 the toe will be naturally turned in4 ,,the ,,stirrup4 ,the position of the foot in the stirrup is of great importance2 upon it depends much2 keeping the correct balance of the body on the horse1 which consists in sitting perfectly square and erect1 and preserving a steady position in the saddle4 ,in fitting the stirrup the lady ought to have her length correctly arranged1 which is done in the following manner3--,the stirrup leg must hang quite free from the hip-joint1 the knee being slightly bent1 with the toes raised and turned in towards the horse's side4 ,keep the foot fixed as immovable as possible in the stirrup1 allowing the pressure alone to come from the toes to the bridge of the foot1 which will have the effect of giving the elasticity and regularity of movement required in the horse's quickened paces4 ,the length of the stirrup must be made a matter of importance4 ,on it1 in a very great measure1 depends a steady1 firm seat4 ,,the ,,stirrup ,,too ,,long4 ,in the lady's endeavours to retain her foot in the stirrup1 her weight must preponderate on the left side2 if the stirrup be too short1 it necessarily gives a rolling motion to her body1 destructive alike to grace1 elegance1 and security of seat1 and will prevent her seating herself sufficiently back in her saddle4 ,on the ,reins 7vide p4 #bg74 ,holding the ,reins in one hand 7vide p4 #bh74 ,using both hands 7vide p4 #bi74 ,riding on one rein 7vide p4 #cj74 ,the ,whip 7vide p4 #cj74 ,,the ,,bridle ,,hand4 ,the motion of the lady's hand must be confined to the wrist--as in pianoforte playing--the action coming from it alone4 ,by the management of the reins1 in concert with the yielding or retraction of the wrists1 the horse is guided in his paces4 ,by this mode the sensibility and goodness of his mouth is preserved2 the beauty of his action is developed2 steadiness is combined with security in his paces1 and the safety of his rider is secured4 ,the degree of command1 which the animal can be placed under1 entirely depends on the degree of proficiency acquired in this branch4 ,,guiding4 ,there are four motions requisite in guiding a horse4 ,to go forward4--,lengthen the reins1 and give the animal his liberty4 ,for this purpose the lady's hand must be guided by the action of her wrist1 and1 at the same time1 she must apply gently her whip4 ,here1 it is proper to remark1 the lady's bridle1 or left1 hand must never be left inactive1 but1 by practice1 she must endeavour to understand the art of feeling the horse's mouth2 should the bridle hand not be kept in constant use this will never come easy to the rider1 the hand will be unsteady1 and the horse will become the same4 ,to go backward4--,the reins must be shortened a little1 the back of the hand turned down1 the little finger next the body2 the weight of the rider should be thrown back1 with the little finger slightly pulled in towards the waist1 then the horse will readily step back4 ,to turn to the right4--,the hand must be turned upwards1 which will direct the little finger to the right4 ,throw the balance of the body into the turn1 by inclining the bust to the right and applying the whip1 which will cause the horse to move forward as he turns1 obey the hand1 and cross his legs one over the other1 correctly4 ,to turn to the left4--,let the hand be turned down1 so that the little finger may be directed to the left2 the bust must also be turned to the left1 and the hand up1 with the left heel applied to his side1 and the whip to his right shoulder4 ,,dismounting4 ,there is tact necessary in dismounting1 in order that the lady may avoid the expose and inelegance1 attendant upon1 as it were1 being lifted from the saddle in a groom's arms4 ,previous to dismounting1 the groom must stand by the horse's head1 holding the reins close to the bit1 to keep him as steady as possible4 ,the lady having removed her foot from the stirrup1 and passed her hand down to free her skirt1 etc41 from all chance of catching to the saddle or stirrup1 should remove her knee out of the crutch2 at the same time taking the precaution to disengage the habit from that side4 ,then holding the crutch with her right hand 7the rein hanging loosely on the thumb71 and now placing her left hand on her groom's right arm1 near the wrist2 his arm being extended for the purpose1 she must spring lightly and clear from the saddle1 slightly inclining the bust towards the horse's shoulder4 ,by this method the lady will quite disengage herself1 and descend gently to the ground4 ,,maxims ,,to ,,be ,,attended ,,to4 ,be particular to avoid nervousness and hurry1 either in mounting or dismounting4 ,take time1 and have everything correctly arranged before starting2 serious accidents have occurred frequently from being in haste to start off4 ,arrange the habit1 length of stirrup1 and have the saddle-bands and buckles properly examined before the journey is begun1 to prevent having to stop on the road4 ,be careful to keep the hand active1 and watch the movements of the horse2 by this means the rider will never be thrown off her guard1 and will be prepared for every emergency4 ,keep the horse's mouth always in play1 so as to keep up its fine feeling1 indispensable to his correct guidance4 ,never allow the reins to hang loosely on the horse's neck1 crutch1 or pummel of the saddle4 ,this oversight frequently causes serious and fatal accidents4 ,always use double reins4 ,should one become useless1 there is still another to rely upon4 ,before the author concludes1 he begs to be allowed to impress upon his fair readers1 that an elegant and accomplished equestrian becomes an equally graceful pedestrian1 from the improved carriage acquired from proficiency in the former accomplishment4 ,to become an elegant pedestrian is no mean task1 nor is it an easy one to accomplish4 ,yet it is of the utmost importance to a lady1 in particular1 to master it4 ,how often1 in our experience through life1 have we met with a lovely face and perfect figure1--everything that could constitute the perfection of female beauty1 while at rest6--but once in motion1 the illusion is dispelled from a bad carriage and shuffling gait1 the perfect form becomes quite common-place4 ,these two destructives to beauty can be entirely eradicated by attention to the following directions1 and which apply equally to ,,walking ,,and ,,riding4 ,keep the bust and head erect2 the shoulders well thrown back4 ,the motive power to proceed from the hips alone4 ,perseverance in these few directions will soon give all that is required for a graceful and healthy carriage4 ,finally4--,at all times trust to your reins for security1 in cases of danger4 ,never grasp the pummel of the saddle4 ,never use a ,habit ,brooch4 ,,remarks ,,on ,,saddlery4 ,i have been quite surprised to see1 in such a city as ,london1 the paucity of really good saddles4 ,most of them would disfigure any horse they were put upon1 with flaps of all shapes but the right4 ,to say how a saddle should be made1 would be quite impossible1 as it solely depends on the horse and his rider2 for instance1 a thin and sweepy saddle will not suit a horse with round1 heavy shoulders1 and wide over his loins4 ,many imagine that cut-back saddles are less liable to injure the rider1 than ordinary ones2 this is quite fallacious4 ,the saddle must have the head1 or what is called1 the pummel1 to begin upon2 and the further that can be carried forward the better2 but the nearer it is got under the seat1 the more likely is it to seriously injure the rider4 ,in side-saddles there is great variety2 but the requisites for a first-rate side-saddle1 to my idea1 and one ,i would not hesitate in recommending1 should be length 7indispensable71 a leaping-head1 no off-head1 and it should be cut as nearly level as possible4 ,none1 ,i may say1 can dispute my first remark1 and none who have ridden with the leaping-head will ever after be without it4 ,there are those who say no1 to the off-head being cut away1 for should a lady become nervous1 she could not steady herself so well as if the head had been left on2 here ,i fully agree1 but beg to say in reply1 that before a lady attempts the road or anywhere where she might be placed in such a critical position1 she must have her nerves so strengthened through her equestrian education1 that she need not look to the off-head of her saddle for safety2 her point d'appui is the leaping-head4 ,when holding on by the off-head1 the lady of course loses the use of one hand4 ,next1 her horse may go where he pleases1 for she cannot get her hands down to have a good pull at his mouth4 ,then1 in hunting1 the poor lady's wrists are everlastingly bruised by the off-head1 to say nothing of the danger of their being broken by it4 ,,bridles4 ,there is a great variety of bridles4 ,generally speaking1 the plainer the bridle the better1 more especially for hunting and hacking2 for the former1 let your bit be long in the check 7i4e41 in moderation71 the mouth-piece thick1 having the bridoon the same1 the suaviter in modo being much more agreeable than the fortiter in re1 to all animals4 ,for hack bridles1 any fancy check may do1 if the horse's head be sufficiently handsome2 but let me request my readers not to put a fancy bridle on a coarse-bred1 common horse4 ,,the ,,throat ,,lash4 ,simple as it may appear1 it spoils the heads of all horses1 as it is usually made4 ,it should be long enough to fall just below the cheek-bone1 and not to lay on or over it1 as it makes the animal's head look short and thick4 ,,nose ,,band4 ,not as they were used in days past1 attached to bridle1 but separate4 ,no one knows its efficacy when placed low1 but those who have tried it2 its exact position will1 of course1 depend much on the size of the mouth4 ,,chin ,,strap4 ,some imagine this is not an indispensable thing to a bridle1 either in hunting or hacking1 but it is1 more especially in ,pelham's4 ,i have seen a horse in tossing his head1 throw the ,pelham bit over on to his face2 had a chin strap been attached to the bridle1 this could not have happened4 ,,the ,,equestrian',s ,,manual4 7,dedicated to ,h4,r4,h4 ,prince ,albert47 ,,by ,s4 ,c4 ,,waite1 ,,esq4 ,,opinions ,,of ,,the ,,press4 ,standard4 ,mr4 ,waite's book will put every one1 who shall obey its instructions1 in the way of riding well2 for it does as much as a book can to teach the theory of the art4 ,it is a book to be purchased and carefully read by every one1 not an experienced horseman1 who purposes to ride or buy a horse1 and even the experienced horseman will find in it valuable information4 ,morning ,advertiser4 ,this work reflects high credit on ,mr4 ,waite for its practical lucidity1 and the pleasing manner in which the instructions are imparted4 ,his directions for curing the acquired bad habits of horses1 too often the results of ill usage1 or violence of ignorant grooms and horse-breakers1 are excellent4 ,the position of the saddle1 the proper fixing of it and the bridle1 the best method of mounting1 position in the saddle 7illustrated by diagrams71 are carefully and sensibly treated on4 ,the third section1 ,advice to ,ladies1 is novel1 and the hints invaluable1 not only to the fair sex1 but to those who may have to instruct them in the graceful art of ,equitation4 ,morning ,chronicle4 ,in bringing under notice a new book1 practical and highly amusing1 upon the noble ,art of ,horsemanship1 which has emanated from the pen of a well-known and accomplished professor thereof1 we have pleasure in stating the reader will find in these pages excellent practical hints and sound suggestions on the art of riding well2 and1 in the manner of training and treating horses we sincerely concur with1 and we honour and respect ,mr4 ,waite1 when he so forcibly inculcates kindness and gentleness1 though combined with firmness1 as essentials in the education and treatment of the horse2 hardships1 cruelty1 and neglect he strongly deprecates4 ,the instructions in the proper seat and carriage on horseback1 the management of the whip and rein1 are minutely explained1 and of the greatest utility4 ,he is particularly attentive to the ladies1 and admitting the power they lose by their peculiar seat1 he gives the best recommendations for remedying the evil1 as far as possible1 by securing an exactly central fix upon the saddle1 the best form of which he learnedly discusses4 ,speaking seriously1 all fair riders ought1 for their own sake1 to profit by his advice1 the result of long experience4 ,sunday ,times4 ,mr4 ,waite1 an experienced professor of the art1 has given us a hand-book1 in which will be found a great variety of instruction1 by which the equestrian will receive such directions for the management of his horse1 under a variety of circumstances1 as must prove of great value to him4 ,observer4 ,this work is evidently the production of one who has acquired a thorough acquaintance with the subject1 and who1 moreover1 possesses the rare advantage of communicating his instructions in a manner peculiarly ample and clear4 ,we have seen no other work in which such a variety of information on the subject is embraced4 ,the advice to ladies is most valuable4 ,,mr4 ,s4 ,c4 ,,waite1 ,,author ,,of ,,the ,,equestrian',s ,,manual1 7,dedicated to ,h4,r4,h4 ,prince ,albert17 ,with advice to purchasers of ,horses1 c41 and ,originator of the ,improved ,military ,seat 7obviating ruptures71 and positions for ,ladies and ,gentlemen on ,horseback4--7,vide ,opinions of the ,press1 ,april1 #ahej47 ,mr4 ,waite has been requested by a numerous circle of personal friends to submit to the notice of the public an ointment1 proved to be invaluable to the owners of racing and hunting establishments1 breeders1 farmers1 c41 for restoring hair on broken knees1 and where it has been lost1 through accidents1 disease1 blistering1 firing1 c41 c42 it is likewise available for dogs in reproducing hair1 bare from mange1 scalds1 burns1 and abrasions4 ,mr4 ,waite obtained the above valuable recipe from the late celebrated and eccentric character1 ,patrick ,jones1 of ,dublin1 familiarly known in military and sporting circles1 and throughout the kingdom1 as ,old ,paddy1 who1 after an unfailing success in its use1 in all parts of the world 7where called by his military duties71 for a period verging on eighty years 7and by him obtained from his father71 on his death-bed1 in #ahec1 confided the secret to the present proprietor4 ,to be had in pots at #cs41 #es41 #hs41 and #ags4 #f;d41 and in #hlb4 canisters for hounds after mange1 c41 c41 at ,l#d4 #ds4 ,,testimonials4 ,from ,,dr4 ,,bunting1 the great ,american ,horse ,tamer and ,breaker4 #b1 ,,onslow ,,terrace1 ,,brompton1 ,may #bbnd1 #ahei4 ,,sir1--,i beg to certify that ,i have used your ,old ,paddy ,jones's ,ointment for restoring hair on horses and dogs1 in numerous cases of valuable horses1 and in no instance has it failed in its efficacy1 and ,i consider it to be invaluable to every establishment where horses and dogs are kept4 ,in future1 ,i shall never be without it4 ,wishing you every success1 ,believe me to be truly yours1 ,j4 ,g4 ,,bunting4 ,s4 ,c4 ,,waite1 ,esq41 ,brompton4 ,,patent ,,american ,,break ,,office1 ,,mason',s ,,riding ,,school1 ,,brompton1 ,july #gth1 #ahei4 ,,sir1--,having used your ,old ,paddy ,jones's ,ointment for restoring the hair on horses and dogs1 ,i have great pleasure in testifying to its good qualities in all the cases ,i have had in hand1 and think it will be a great boon to all keeping either a horse or dog4 ,i remain1 ,sir1 ,yours obediently1 ,to ,s4 ,c4 ,,waite1 ,esq41 ,,henry ,,hurst4 ,brompton4 ,,robert ,,hardwicke1 ,,printer1 #aib1 ,,piccadilly4 ,transcriber's ,note ,the following typographical errors were corrected4 ,page ,error #cg mettle some changed to mettlesome #ea that a gentleman changed to that of a gentleman