,,an>*ism ,,by ,,dr4 ,,paul ,,eltzba*] ,g]i*tsassessor & ,privatdoz5t 9 ,halle an d] ,saale ,translat$ by ,,/ev5 ,t4 ,,by+ton ,je ne propose ri51 je ne suppose ri51 j'expose ,illu/ration ,,new ,,york3 ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]4 ,,london3 ,a4 ,c4 ,,fifield4 #aijh4 ,copyright1 #aijg1 by ,b5jam9 ,r4 ,tuck] ,gratefully d$icat$ to ! memory ( my fa!r ,,dr4 ,,salomon ,,eltzba*] #ahcb-ahhi ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,translator',s ,,preface vii ,,books ,,ref]r$ ,,to xvii ,,introduction #c ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,problem #a4 ,g5]al #f #b4 ,! ,/>t+-po9t #aj #c4 ,! ,goal #ac #d4 ,! ,way to ! ,goal #ae ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,law1 ,,! ,,/ate1 ,,prop]ty #a4 ,g5]al #ah #b4 ,law #bd #c4 ,! ,/ate #ca #d4 ,prop]ty #cf ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,godw9',s ,,tea*+ #a4 ,g5]al #dj #b4 ,basis #da #c4 ,law #db #d4 ,! ,/ate #de #e4 ,prop]ty #ec #f4 ,realization #eh ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,pr\dhon',s ,,tea*+ #a4 ,g5]al #fe #b4 ,basis #fg #c4 ,law #fi #d4 ,! ,/ate #gb #e4 ,prop]ty #hj #f4 ,realization #hf ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,/irn]',s ,,tea*+ #a4 ,g5]al #ic #b4 ,basis #if #c4 ,law #ig #d4 ,! ,/ate #ajj #e4 ,prop]ty #ajf #f4 ,realization #aji ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,bakun9',s ,,tea*+ #a4 ,g5]al #aae #b4 ,basis #aag #c4 ,law #aai #d4 ,! ,/ate #aba #e4 ,prop]ty #abg #f4 ,realization #acb ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,kropotk9',s ,,tea*+ #a4 ,g5]al #aci #b4 ,basis #ada #c4 ,law #ade #d4 ,! ,/ate #adi #e4 ,prop]ty #aei #f4 ,realization #aga ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,tuck]',s ,,tea*+ #a4 ,g5]al #ahb #b4 ,basis #ahc #c4 ,law #ahg #d4 ,! ,/ate #aij #e4 ,prop]ty #bja #f4 ,realization #bji ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,tol/oi',s ,,tea*+ #a4 ,g5]al #bai #b4 ,basis #bbj #c4 ,law #bcj #d4 ,! ,/ate #bcd #e4 ,prop]ty #bdi #f4 ,realization #bfj ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,an>*i/ic ,,tea*+s #a4 ,g5]al #bgj #b4 ,basis #bgj #c4 ,law #bgb #d4 ,! ,/ate #bgf #e4 ,prop]ty #bhj #f4 ,realization #bhd ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,an>*ism ,,& ,,its ,,species #a4 ,errors ab\t ,an>*ism & its ,species #bhh #b4 ,! ,concepts ( ,an>*ism & its ,species #bib ,,conclusion #cjc ,,translator',s ,,preface ,e p]son :o exam9es ?is book at all w spe$ily divide its cont5ts into ,eltzba*]'s own discussion & 8 sev5 *apt]s ( classifi$ quotations f ,an>*i/ lead]s2 &1 if he buys ! book1 he w buy x = ! sake ( ! quotations4 ,i d n mean t ! book might n h a sale if x consi/$ exclusively ( ,eltzba*]'s own words1 b simply t among t5 ?\s& p :o may value ,eltzba*]'s discussion !re w n be f\nd t5 :o w n value /ill m highly ! conv5i5tly-arrang$ repr9t ( :at ! ,an>*i/s !mselves h said on ! c>d9al po9ts ( ,an>*i/ic ?\ght4 ,nor d ,i feel t ,i am say+ any?+ uncomplim5t>y to ,eltzba*] :5 ,i say t ! "p ( 8 "w to :i* he has devot$ mo/ ( 8 space is ! "p t ! public w value mo/4 ,& yet !re is mu* to be valu$ 9 ! *apt]s t are ( ,eltzba*]'s own writ+1--ev5 if "o is rem9d$ ( ,sir ,ar?ur ,helps's satirical description ( ,engli% lawy]s z a class ( m51 f\nd 9 a c]ta9 isl&1 :o make x _! bus9ess to write highly important docum5ts 9 closely-cr[d$ l9es on su* excessively wide pages t ! eye is b\nd to skip a l9e n[ & !n1 b :o make up = ?is by inv>iably repeat+ 9 ano!r "p ( ! docum5t :atev] !y h said1 s t :atev] ! read] may miss 9 "o place he w c]ta9ly cat* 9 ano!r4 ,! fact is t ,eltzba*]'s "w is an admirable model ( :at %\ld be ! m5tal processes ( an inve/igator try+ to det]m9e ! def9ition ( a t]m :i* he f9ds to be confus$ly conceiv$4 ,n only is 8 me?od = det]m9+ ! def9ition ( ,an>*ism flawless1 b 8 subsidi>y inve/igation ( ! def9itions ( law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty is conduct$ z su* ?+s ought to be1 & 7a good te/ ( cle>ness ( ?\ght7 8 illu/rations are always s exactly p]t95t t !y g f> to r$eem 8 /yle f dullness1 if "o is read+ = ! s5se & !re=e c>es = p]t95ce4 ,! only weak po9t 9 ?is "p ( ! book is t he ?9ks x necess>y to repeat 9 pr9t 8 previ\s /atem5ts :]ev] x is necess>y to ! inve/igation t ! previ\s /atem5t be m5tally r5ew$4 ,b1 h[ev] tiresome ?is may be1 "o gets a /eady progress ( ?\ght1 & ! introductory "p ( ! book is n v long at wor/4 ,! collection ( quotations1 :i* =m ?ree-f\r?s ( ! book bo? 9 bulk & 9 importance1 is z mu* ! be/ "p z x is ! bigge/4 ,"h ! prime necessity is imp>tiality1 & ,eltzba*] has atta9$ ?is z p]fectly z c be expect$ ( any man4 ,positively1 "o comes to ! end ( all ?is )\t feel+ sure :e!r ,eltzba*] is himself an ,an>*i/ or n2 x is n until we come to ! la/ doz5 pages ( ! book t he lets 8 opposition to ,an>*ism become evid5t4 ,to be sure1 "o feels t he is m j\rnali/ic ?an sci5tific 9 select+ = special m5tion ! m s5sational po9ts ( ! s*emes propos$ 7! j\rnali/ic temp] c]ta9ly %[s itself 9 8 habit ( pick+ out = 8 ,g]man public ! ref]5ces to ,g]many 9 ,an>*i/ writ]s74 ,yet x is h>d to d5y t !re is legitimate sci5tific importance 9 asc]ta9+ h[ mu* ( ! s5sational is involv$ 9 ,an>*ism2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ,eltzba*] recognizes 8 duty to pres5t ! /ronge/ po9ts ( ! ,an>*i/ side1 & does ?is s fai?fully t "o (t5 wond]s if ! man c repeat ^! words )\t feel+ _! cog5cy4 ,s f> z any bias is really felt 9 ?is "p ( ! book x is ! bias ( ov]-me?odicalness2 n[ & !n a quotation is made to g into ! classification at a place :]e x w n g 9 )\t =c+1 & p]spective is di/ort$ :5 "s obit] dictum t _h nev] seem$ to its au?or to be wor? repeat+ a second "t is made to s]ve z illum9ant n[ = ?is division ( ! tea*+1 n[ = t1 till x seems to ! read] l a favorite topic ( ! ,an>*i/4 ,h[ev]1 ! bias ( me?odicalness is z ne>ly non-p>tisan z any bias c be1 & its effect is to put ! matt] into a mo/ conv5i5t =m = consultation & comp>ison4 ,next to imp>tiality1 if n ev5 be=e x1 we ne$ intellig5ce 9 our compil]2 & we h x4 ,few m51 ev5 inside ! movem5t1 w\ld h be5 m successful ?an ,eltzba*] 9 pick+ out ! important p>ts ( ! ,an>*i/ doctr9es1 & ! quotations t w %[ ^! important p>ts z !y are4 ,i d n mean t ?is accuracy has n exceptions--_m exceptions1 if y c\nt su* ?+s z ! failure to give due weight to "s clause :i* might re/rict or modify ! application ( ! words us$2 a few s]i\s exceptions1 ( :i* we reap ! fruit 9 8 f9al summ>y4 ,b 9 admitt+ ^! errors ,i d n retract my /atem5t t ,eltzba*] has made 8 compilation z accurate z any man c\ld be expect$ to4 ,m ?an ?is1 x may well be said t he has1 except 9 ?ree or f\r po9ts1 made x z accurate z is ev5 useful = ord9>y read+2 he has ov]look$ no?+ b :at 8 read]s w\ld h be5 sure to ov]look if he _h pres5t$ x4 ,z a gun is adv]tis$ to %oot z /raight z any man c hold1 s ,eltzba*] has1 ) ?ree or f\r exceptions1 told 8 /ory z /raight z any man ) ord9>y att5tion c read4 ,! net result is t we h "h1 )\t d\bt1 ! mo/ complete & accurate pres5tation ( ,an>*ism t ev] has be5 giv5 or ev] w be giv5 9 s %ort a space4 ,if any "o wants a full] & m tru/wor?y acc\nt1 he w positively h to g direct to ! writ+s ( ! ,an>*i/s !mselves2 n[h]e else c he f9d any?+ s good z ,eltzba*]4 ,)al1 ?is ma9 "p ( ! book is decid$ly readable4 ,eltzba*]'s repetiti\sness has no opportunity to become prom95t "h1 & ! man is n at all dull 9 *oos+ & translat+ 8 quotations4 ,on ! contr>y1 8 fondness = apt illu/rations is a great help t[>d mak+ ! compilation con/antly readable1 z well z t[>d mak+ ! read]'s impressions ( ! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s vivid & def9ite4 ,i d n mean to say t ?is book c take ! place ( a consultation ( ! orig9al s\rces4 ,= in/ance1 ! ,bakun9 *apt] foll[s next aft] ! ,/irn] *apt]2 b ! exquisite contr>9ess ( almo/ e ^w ( ,bakun9 to ,/irn]'s tea*+ c be appreciat$ only by ^? :o h read ,/irn]'s book--,eltzba*]'s quotations are on a diff]5t aspect ( ,/irn]'s tea*+ f t :i* applies aga9/ ,bakun94 7,/irn] & ,bakun91 x w be not$1 are ! only ,an>*i/ lead]s aga9/ :om ,eltzba*] p]mits himself a disrespectful ^w be=e he has pres5t$ _! doctr9es47 ,x is to be hop$ t _m :o read ?is book w g on to exam9e ! s\rces !mselves4 ,mean:ile1 "h is an excell5t introduction1 & ! *ronological arrangem5t makes x easy to wat* ! hi/orical developm5t & see :e!r ! lat] s*ools ( ,an>*ism assail ! ,/ate m effectively ?an ! e>li]4 ,i h n res]v$ any expressions ( praise = ! small "p ( ! book :i* comes aft] ! compil$ *apt]s1 because x calls = none4 ,all ,eltzba*]'s weak po9ts come out 9 ?is conclud+ summ>y2 ! be/ t c be said = x is t x des]ves c>eful att5tion1 & t ! au?or cont9ues to be (t5] "r ?an wrong4 ,b n[ t he has ga!r$ all 8 k he wants x to am\nt to omnisci5ce1 & mo/ imprud5tly %uts 8 eyes to ! places :]e !re is no?+ "u 8 feet4 ,he *>ges m5 ) error = n us+ 9 8 s5se a t]m ^: def9ition he has n und]tak5 to det]m9e4 ,he accepts all too unque/ion+ly su* /atem5ts z fit mo/ conv5i5tly into 8 s*eme ( me?od4 ,8 mo/ gl>+ (f5ce 9 ?is direction is 8 classification ( ! ,an>*i/-,communi/ doctr9es z m]e pr$iction & n ! expression ( a w or dem& or approval or disapproval ( any?+1 simply because ! fa%ionabl5ess ( evolutionism & ( fatalism has l$ ! lead]s ( t s*ool to pref] to /ate _! doctr9e 9 t]ms ( pr$iction4 ,eltzba*] has =gott5 to comp>e 8 judgm5t ) ! actions ( ! m5 he judges2 solvitur ambul&o2 if ,kropotk9's proposition 7 m]ely pr$ictive & n pragmatic1 x w\ld h less tr\ble ) ! police ?an x has4 ,aga91 he does "o ( ! mo/ indiscreet ?+s t are possible to a vot>y ( /rict me?od :5 he ass]ts repeat$ly t he has li/$ n m]ely all t is to be f\nd b all t c\ld possibly exi/ "u a c]ta9 category4 ,= in/ance1 he decl>es t e possible affirmative doctr9e ( prop]ty mu/ be ei!r private prop]ty1 or common prop]ty 9 ! :]e)al = production & private prop]ty 9 ! :]e)al = consumption1 or common prop]ty4 ,:y %\ld n a s*eme ( common prop]ty 9 ! ?+s t are want$ by all m5 & private prop]ty 9 ! ?+s t are want$ only by "s m5 h z high a rank 9 ! classification z has ,eltzba*]'s second class8 ,a look at ! quotations f ,kropotk9 w %[ t ,i h n drawn mu* on my own +5uity 9 conceiv+ su* a s*eme z supposable4 ,he claims to h li/$ all ! /&po9ts f :i* ,an>*ism has be5 or c be prop\nd$ or judg$1 yet he has omitt$ legitimism1 ! doctr9e t a political au?ority :i* is to claim our respect & ob$i5ce mu/ appe> to h orig9at$ by a legitimate f\ndation & n by usurpation4 ,! great "p t legitimism has play$ 9 hi/ory is notori\s2 & x l5ds itself v readily to ! ,an>*i/'s purpose1 s9ce "s gov]nm5ts are s well kn[n to h orig9at$ 9 usurpation & o!rs are s easily suspect$ ( x4 ,nay1 legitimism is 9 fact a pot5t factor 9 %ap+ ! mo/ up-to-date ,an>*ism ( our "t2 = x is l>gely conc]n$ 9 ,lys&] ,spoon]'s doctr9e ( juries1 ( :i* "s slight acc\nt is giv5 9 ,eltzba*]'s quotations f ,tuck]4 ,& he claims to h recit$ all ! important argum5ts t su/a9 ,an>*ism3 :]e has he m5tion$ ! argum5t f ! evil t ! ,/ate does 9 int]f]+ ) social & economic exp]im5tation8 or ! argum5t f ! fact t re=ms 9 ! ,/ate are necess>ily 9 a democracy1 & ord9>ily 9 a mon>*y1 v sl[ 9 com+ to pass1 & :5 !y d come to pass !y necess>ily come ) all-di/urb+ sudd5ness8 or ! argum5t f ! evil ( sep>at+ p by ! b\nd>y l9es :i* ! ,/ate involves8 or ! fact t w> w\ld be almo/ inconceivable if ! ,/ates 7 replac$ by volunt>y & non-monopoli/ic organizations1 s9ce su* organizations c\ld h no jurisdiction or control ( t]ritory to fight =1 & w> = any o!r cause has long be5 unkn[n among civiliz$ nations8 ,by ^! & o!r su* unw>rant$ claims ( absolute complet5ess1 & by ! conclusions bas$ on ^! pa/ebo>d premises1 ,eltzba*] makes x necess>y to read 8 f9al *apt]s ) all possible indep5d5ce ( judgm5t4 ,x rema9s = me to say some?+ ( my own "w on ?is book4 ,i h consult$ ! orig9als ( "s ( ! works cit$--su* z circum/ances h p]mitt$--& giv5 ! quotations n by translation f ,eltzba*]'s ,g]man b direct f ! orig9als4 ,! p>ticul>s are z foll[s3 ,( ,godw9's ,political ,ju/ice ,i us$ an ,am]ican repr9t ( ! second ,briti% edition4 ,?is second edition is greatly revis$ & alt]$ f ! fir/1 :i* ,eltzba*] us$4 ,godw9 calls our att5tion to ?is1 & especially in=ms u t ! fir/ edition did n 9 "s important respects repres5t ! views :i* he held at ! "t ( its publication1 s9ce ! e>li] pages 7 pr9t$ be=e ! lat] 7 writt51 & dur+ ! writ+ ( ! book he *ang$ 8 m9d ab\t "s ( ! pr9ciples he _h ass]t$ 9 ! e>li] *apt]s4 ,9 ! second edition1 he says1 ! views pres5t$ 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! book h be5 made consi/5t ) ^? 9 ! la/ "p1 & all p>ts h be5 ?or\ghly revis$4 ,x w a/oni% nobody1 !re=e1 t ,i f\nd x n[ & !n impossible to id5tify 9 my copy ! passages translat$ by ,eltzba*] f ! fir/ edition4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ,i got ! impression t :at ,eltzba*] quotes ab\t promises1 f ! fir/ "p ( ! book1 is "o ( ^? sections :i* ,godw9 says he retracts & no long] believ$ 9 ev5 at ! "t he wrote ! lat] *apt]s ( ! fir/ edition4 ,if s1 a bit ( ! f\ndation = ,eltzba*]'s ultimate classification disappe>s4 ,besides giv+ ! pages ( ! fir/ edition z 9 ,eltzba*]1 ,i h add$ 9 brackets ! page numb]s ( ! copy ,i us$1 :]ev] ,i c\ld id5tify !m4 ,?r\gh\t ! book brackets di/+ui% footnotes add$ by me f ,eltzba*]'s own1 & 9 a few places ,i h us$ !m 9 ! text to indicate ,eltzba*]'s deviations f ! word+ ( 8 orig9al1 ( :i* matt] ,i w speak aga9 9 a mom5t4 ,! passages f ,pr\dhon's works ,i translat$ f ! orig9al ,fr5* z giv5 9 ! collect$ edition ( 8 ,o,euvres completes4 ,9 ?is edition "s ( ! works diff] only 9 pag9ation f ! editions :i* ,eltzba*] us$1 :ile o!rs h be5 ext5sively revis$4 ,i "k ( no *anges ( ess5tial doctr9e4 ,s9ce 9 ,/irn]'s case ,g]man is ! orig9al language1 ,i h accept$ z my orig9al ! quotations giv5 by ,eltzba*]4 ,x is probable t !y are occasionally cond5s$2 b a fairly fai?ful memory1 & ! fact t x is less ?an a ye> s9ce ,i 0 read+ ! pro(s ( my translation ( ,/irn]'s book1 enable me to be confid5t t !re is no *ange am\nt+ to di/ortion4 ,i h "h made no use ( t translation ( m9e#a except f memory1 because ,i well knew t 9 deal+ ) ,/irn] !re is no assurance t ! be/ possible translation ( ! cont9u\s :ole w be made up ( ! be/ possible translations ( ! individual p>ts4 ,nei!r h ,i us$ ! extant ,engli% translations ( ,bakun9's ,god & ! ,/ate1 ,kropotk9's ,conque/ ( ,bread1 ,tol/oi's works1 or any ( ! o!r books cit$4 ,i h n _h at h& any orig9als ( ,bakun9 or ,tol/oi1 nor any ( ,kropotk9 except ,an>*i/ ,communism4 ,( ?is ,i _h ! fir/ edition1 & ,eltzba*]1 contr>y to 8 habit1 ! second2 b ,i judge t ! two are f ! same plates1 = all ! page-numb]s cit$ agree4 ,t[>d ! ,tuck] *apt] ,i h tak5 a special attitude4 ,i am myself "o ( ,tuck]'s foll[]s & collaborators2 ,i may claim to be an au?ority on ! exposition ( 8 doctr9e-- ,n5nt man die be/5 ,nam51 ,s wird au* d] me9e g5annt-- & ,i h tri$ to h an eye to ! precise correctness ( ev]y?+ 9 t *apt]4 ,t ,i us$ ! orig9al ( ,in/ead ( a ,book is a matt] ( c\rse2 & ,i h n only tak5 ,tuck]'s words :]e ,eltzba*] _h translat$ ! :ole1 b h _h an eye to all po9ts :]e ,eltzba*] _h cond5s$ any?+ 9 a way t c\ld affect ! s5se1 & h re/or$ ! words t made ! passage mean some?+ a little bit diff]5t f :at ,eltzba*] made x mean4 7,i did ab\t ! same 9 ?is respect ) ,kropotk9's ,an>*i/ ,communism2 & inde$ some?+ ( ! k9d is inevitable if "o is to consult orig9als at all47 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i h n1 9 g5]al1 drawn att5tion to passages :]e ,eltzba*] makes m]ely =mal *anges = ! purpose ( ins]t+ 9 a s5t5ce ( a c]ta9 grammatical /ructure :at ,tuck] _h said 9 a s5t5ce ( diff]5t /ructure4 ,! r5d]+s ( ,tol/oi's biblical quotations are tak5 f ! ,correct$ ,engli% ,new ,te/am5t1 a cons]vative v]sion :i* is n[ spok5 ( z ! be/ ,engli% ,new ,te/am5t extant4 ,x fits well into ,tol/oi1 at lea/ s f> z ! pres5t quotations g4 ,i h spok5 above ( ,eltzba*]'s qualities z compil]2 x "h becomes necess>y to say some?+ ( 8 "w z translator4 ,8 translation is t ( a v intellig5t man1 tru/+ to 8 intellig5ce to ju/ify him 9 translat+ q freely4 ,he is confid5t t he kn[s :at ! idea to be pres5t$ is1 & 8 ma9 conc]n is to express t 9 ! language be/ suit$ to ! purpose4 ,he ev5 av[s1 z w be se51 t he has cauti\sly revis$ o!r p's translations f ! ,russian1 )\t himself claim+ to be famili> ) ! ,russian language4 ,i w\ld z soon entru/ ?is extremely delicate task to ,eltzba*] z to anybody ,i "k1 = he is 9 g5]al rem>kably correct 9 8 re-word+s4 ,! ju/ification ( 8 confid5ce 9 8 k ( ! au?or's ?\ght may be se5 9 ! fact t 9 passages :i* happ5 n to affect ! ma9 ?\ght he makes a few su* slips z zahl5 mit ihr] ,v]giftung = pay to be poison$1 ,willku] = arbitram5t1 & ev5 e9e blutige ,revolution ruecksi*tslos ni$]wu]fe = w\ld d any?+ 9 8 p[] to precipitate a bloody revolution 7c he h be5 misl$ by ! *emi/'s use ( precipitate871 b 9 passages :]e ^! blund]s w\ld d real h>m he keeps cle> ( !m1 be+ safegu>d$ by 8 k ( ! s5se4 ,b x makes a diff]5ce :om y translate 9 ?is way4 ,tuck] is a man :o uses language ) especial precision3 e phrase 9 a s5t5ce ( 8 may be presum$ to contribute some?+ def9ite to ! ?\ght2 & ,eltzba*] treats him z if ! less conspicu\s phrases 7 m]ely ornam5tal "w :i* might safely be omitt$ or am5d$ :5 !y seem$ n to be advantage\s = ornam5tal purposes4 ,i mu/ confess t ,i h little fai? 9 ! ,eltzba*] me?od ( translation = ! r5d]+ ( any au?or2 b x works especially ill ) an au?or l ,tuck]4 ,( c\rse all defects ( translation are cur$1 sil5tly1 by sub/itut+ ! orig9al ,engli%4 ,!re=e1 at ! exp5se ( slightly increas+ ! bulk ( ! ,tuck] *apt]1 ?is edition gives ,am]ican read]s a mu* m accurate pres5tation ( ! utt]ances ( ! ,am]ican *ampion ( ,an>*ism ?an c be _h 9 ,eltzba*]'s ,g]man2 &1 s9ce ,i h ! same advantage z reg>ds ,godw91 ,i ?9k ,i may claim 9 g5]al t]ms t m9e is ! be/ edition ( ,eltzba*] = ^? :o read bo? ,engli% & ,g]man4 ,besides look+ out = ! accurate pres5tation ( ! passages quot$ f ,tuck]1 ,i h kept wat* ( ! correctness ( ! subject-matt]4 ,:atev] seem$ to me to repres5t ,tuck]'s book unfairly1 ei!r by misrepres5t+ 8 doctr9e or by misapply+ ! quotations1 has be5 correct$ by a note4 ,?is w be useful to ! read] n only by giv+ him a bett] ,tuck]1 b also by giv+ a sample f :i* he may judge :at am\nt ( fault ! foll[]s ( ,kropotk9 or ,tol/oi or ! re/ w\ld be likely to f9d ) ! *apt]s devot$ to !m4 ,! m]ely popul> read] w probably get ! impression t ,eltzba*] is really a r unreliable man4 ,! compet5t /ud5t1 :o kn[s :at mu/ be look$ out = 9 all "w ( ?is sort1 w h 8 confid5ce 9 ,eltzba*] increas$ by see+ h[ little ( s]i\s fault appe>s 9 su* a se>*4 ,! index is compil$ indep5d5tly = ?is translation4 ,omitt+ su* entries z m]ely duplicate ! utility ( ! table ( cont5ts1 & mak+ an ef=t to head e entry ) ! ^w "u :i* ! read] w actually seek x1 ,i hope ,i h bett]$ ,eltzba*]'s index2 & ,i hope ! index w be n only a place-f9d] b a help t[>d ! appreciation ( ! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s4 ,i h n 9 g5]al und]tak5 to criticise ^? features ( ! book :i* embody ,eltzba*]'s own op9ions4 ,:e!r x 0 9 fact "r to select ^! sev5 m5 z ! t\*/one ( ,an>*ism1--:e!r ,eltzba*] is "r 9 discuss+ ! def9ition ( ! ,/ate z he does1 or :e!r he might bett] simply h tak5 z au?oritative t def9ition :i* has legal =ce 9 int]national law1--:e!r he ought to h add$ any o!r feature to 8 book1--are po9ts on :i* ! read] does n c>e = my judgm5t1 nor am ,i eag] to express a judgm5t4 ,hav+ _h to "w ov] ! book v c>efully 9 detail1 ,i h felt entitl$ to express an op9ion z to h[ well ,eltzba*] has done ! "w t he did *oose to d2 ,i h also told :at "w ,i z translator claim to h done2 & x is "t ?is preface end$4 ,,/ev5 ,t4 ,,by+ton4 ,ball>dvale1 ,mass41 ,augu/ #bh1 #aijg4 ,,books ,,ref]r$ ,,to ,,by ,,abbreviat$ ,,titles ,adl]1 ,h&wo]t]bu* ,,georg ,,adl]1 ,an>*ismus1 9 ,h&wo]t]bu* d] ,/aatswiss5s*aft51 #b;d ed4 7,j5a #ahih71 vol4 #a pp4 #bif-cbg4 ,adl]1 ,nord und ,su$ ,,georg ,,adl]1 ,die ,lehr5 d] ,an>*i/51 9 ,nord und ,su$ 7,breslau7 vol4 #cb 7#ahhe7 pp4 #cga-hc4 ,ba4 ,articles ,articles ecrits p> ,bak\n9e dans l',egalite de #ahfi1 9 ,memoire pres5te p> la f$]ation jurassi5ne de l',association int]nationale des travailleurs a t\tes les f$]ations de l',int]nationale 7,sonvilli]1 n4 d471 ,pieces ju/ificatives pp4 #fh-aad4 ,ba4 ,briefe ,briefe ,bakun9s1 9 ,dragoman(f 7see bel[7 pp4 #a-bgb4 ,ba4 ,dieu ,,mi*el ,,bak\n9e1 ,dieu et l',etat1 #b;d ed4 7,p>is #ahib74 ,ba4 ,dieu ,o,euvres ,dieu et l',etat1 9 ,,mi*el ,,bak\n9e1 ,o,euvres1 #c;d ed4 7,p>is #ahie71 pp4 #bfa-cbf4 ,ba4 ,disc\rs ,disc\rs de ,bak\n9e au congres de ,b]ne1 9 ,memoire pres5te p> la f$]ation jurassi5ne de l',association int]nationale des travailleurs a t\tes les f$]ations de l',int]nationale 7,sonvilli]1 n4 d471 ,pieces ju/ificatives pp4 #bj-ch4 ,ba4 ,programme ,,bak\n9e1 ,programme de la section slave a ,zuri*1 9 ,dragoman(f 7see bel[7 pp4 #cha-c4 ,ba4 ,proposition ,f$]alisme1 socialisme et anti!ologisme4 ,proposition motivee au ,comite c5tral de la ,ligue de la paix et de la lib]te1 9 ,,mi*el ,,bak\n9e1 ,o,euvres1 #c;d ed4 7,p>is #ahie71 pp4 #a-bje4 ,ba4 ,/atuts ,/atuts secrets de l',alliance & ,programme et reglem5t de l',alliance publique1 9 ,l',alliance 7see bel[7 pp4 #aah-ce4 ,ba4 ,volkssa*e ,m4 ,,bakun91 ,die ,volkssa*e4 ,roman[1 ,pugats*ew od] ,pe/el8 9 ,dragoman(f 7see bel[7 pp4 #cjc-i4 ,b]natzik ,,b]natzik1 ,d] ,an>*ismus1 9 ,jahrbu* fu] ,gesetzgebung1 ,v]waltung und ,volkswirts*aft im ,deuts*5 ,rei* 7,leipzig7 vol4 #ai 7#ahie7 pp4 #a-bj4 ,b]n/e9 ,,edu>d ,,b]n/e91 ,die soziale ,doktr9 des ,an>*ismus1 9 ,die ,neue ,zeit 7,/uttg>t7 ye> #aj 7#ahia-b7 vol4 #a pp4 #ceh-fe1 #dba-h2 vol4 #b pp4 #ehi-if1 #fah-bf1 #feg-ff1 #ggb-h1 #hac-ai4 ,crispi ,,francesco ,,crispi1 ,! ,antidote = ,an>*y1 9 ,daily ,mail 7,london7 no4 #hjg 7#ahih7 p4 #d4 ,d] ,an>*ismus und se9e ,traeg] ,d] ,an>*ismus und se9e ,traeg]4 ,en?uellung5 aus dem ,lag] d] ,an>*i/5 von 9999symbol3 circle 9 triangle1 ,v]fass] d] ,london] ,briefe 9 d] ,koelnis*5 ,zeitung 7,b]l9 #ahhg74 ,die hi/oris*e ,entwickelung des ,an>*ismus ,die hi/oris*e ,entwickelung des ,an>*ismus 7,new ,york #ahid74 ,diehl ,,k>l ,,diehl1 ,p4-,j4 ,pr\dhon4 ,se9e ,lehre und se9 ,leb54 7#c vol41 ,j5a #ahhh-if47 ,dragoman(f ,,mi*ail ,,dragoman[1 ,mi*ail ,bakun9s sozial-politis*] ,briefwe*sel mit ,alex&] ,iw4 ,h]z5 und ,og>j[1 deuts* von ,boris ,m9zes 7,/uttg>t #ahie74 ,dubois ,,felix ,,dubois1 ,le ,p]il an>*i/e 7,p>is #ahid74 ,f]ri ,disc\rs de ,,f]ri 9 ,congres int]national d'an?ropologie crim9elle1 compte r5du des travaux de la quatrieme session1 t5ue a ,g5eve du #bd au #bi a\t #ahif 7,g5eve #ahig7 pp4 #bed-g4 ,g>raud ,r4 ,,g>raud1 ,l',an>*ie et la ,repression 7,p>is #ahie74 ,godw9 ,,william ,,godw91 ,an ,enquiry conc]n+ ,political ,ju/ice & its ,influ5ce on ,g5]al ,virtue & ,happ9ess 7#b vol41 ,london #agic74 ,bracket$ ref]5ces are to ! ,fir/ ,am]ican f ! second ,london edition1 correct$1 ,philadelphia1 #agif4 ,h9t]ma5n] ,die ,h9t]ma5n] d] ,sozialdemokratie4 ,von e9em ,e+eweiht5 7,b]l9 #ahij74 ,kr4 ,an>*i/ ,communism ,,pet] ,,kropotk9e1 ,an>*i/ ,communism3 its ,basis & ,pr9ciples1 #b;d ed4 7,london #ahie74 ,repr9t$ f ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,kr4 ,conquete ,,pi]re ,,kropotk9e1 ,la ,conquete du pa91 #e? ed4 7,p>is #ahie74 ,kr4 ,l',an>*ie dans l'evolution sociali/e ,,pi]re ,,kropotk9e1 ,l',an>*ie dans l'evolution sociali/e 7,p>is #ahib74 ,kr4 ,l',an>*ie4 ,sa philosophie--son ideal ,,pi]re ,,kropotk9e1 ,l',an>*ie4 ,sa philosophie--son ideal 7,p>is #ahif74 ,kr4 ,morale ,,pi]re ,,kropotk9e1 ,la ,morale an>*i/e 7,p>is #ahia74 ,kr4 ,p>oles ,,pi]re ,,kropotk9e1 ,p>oles d'un revolte1 ouvrage publie p> ,elisee ,reclus1 n\v4 ed4 7,p>is1 n4 d47 ,kr4 ,prisons ,,pi]re ,,kropotk9e1 ,les ,prisons 7,p>is #ahij74 ,kr4 ,siecle ,,pi]re ,,kropotk9e1 ,un siecle d'att5te4 #aghi-ahhi 7,p>is #ahic74 ,kr4 ,/udies ,revolution>y ,/udies1 translat$ f ,la ,revolte & repr9t$ f ,! ,commonweal 7,london #ahib74 ,kr4 ,temps n\veaux ,,pi]re ,,kropotk9e1 ,les ,temps n\veaux 7conf]5ce faite a ,londres7 7,p>is #ahid74 ,l',alliance ,l',alliance de la democratie sociali/e et l',association int]nationale des travailleurs 7,londres et ,hamb\rg #ahgc74 ,l5z ,,adolf ,,l5z1 ,d] ,an>*ismus und das ,/rafre*t4 ,sond]abdruck aus d] ,zeits*rift fu] die gesamte ,/rafre*tswiss5s*aft1 ,bd4 #af1 ,heft #a 7,b]l91 n4 d474 ,lombroso ,c4 ,,lombroso1 ,gli ,an>*ici1 #b;d ed4 7,tor9o #ahie74 ,mackay1 ,an>*i/5 ,,john ,,h5ry ,,mackay1 ,die ,an>*i/54 ,kulturgemaelde aus dem ,ende des #ai4 ,jahrhund]ts4 ,volksausgabe 7,b]l9 #ahic74 ,mackay1 ,magaz9 ,,john ,,h5ry ,,mackay1 ,d] individuali/is*e ,an>*ismus3 e9 ,gegn] d] ,propag&a d] ,t1 9 ,das ,magaz9 fu] ,litt]atur 7,b]l9 und ,weim>7 vol4 #fg 7#ahih7 pp4 #iac-ae4 ,mackay1 ,/irn] ,,john ,,h5ry ,,mackay1 ,max ,/irn]4 ,se9 ,leb5 und se9 ,w]k 7,b]l9 #ahih74 ,m]l9o ,f4 ,s4 ,,m]l9o1 ,l',individualismo nell'an>*ismo 7,roma #ahie74 ,pfau ,pr\dhon und die ,franzos51 9 ,,ludwig ,,pfau1 ,kun/ und ,kritik1 vol4 #f ( ,ae/hetis*e ,s*rift51 #b;d ed4 7,/uttg>t1 ,leipzig1 ,b]l91 #ahhh71 pp4 #ahc-bcf4 ,ple*an[ ,,georg ,,ple*an[1 ,an>*ismus und ,sozialismus 7,b]l9 #ahid74 ,pr4 ,banque ,p4-,j4 ,,pr\dhon1 ,banque du peuple1 suivie du rapport de la commission des delegues du ,luxemb\rg 7,p>is #ahdi74 7,9 ,pr\dhon's ,o,euvres completes1 ,p>is #ahff-hc1 ?is =ms "p ( ! volume ,solution47 ,pr4 ,contradictions ,p4-,j4 ,,pr\dhon1 ,sy/eme des contradictions economiques1 ou philosophie de la mis]e 7#b vol41 ,p>is #ahdf74 ,pr4 ,confessions ,p4-,j4 ,,pr\dhon1 ,les ,confessions d'un revolutionnaire1 p\r s]vir a l'hi/oire de la revolution de fevri] 7,p>is #ahdi74 ,pr4 ,droit ,p4-,j4 ,,pr\dhon1 ,le ,droit au travail et le ,droit de propriete 7,p>is #ahdh74 7,9 ! ,o,euvres ?is =ms "p ( ! volume ,la ,revolution sociale47 ,pr4 ,idee ,p4-,j4 ,,pr\dhon1 ,idee g5]ate de la revolution au ,x,i,xe siecle 7*oix d'etudes sur la pratique revolutionnaire et indu/rielle7 7,p>is #ahea74 ,pr4 ,ju/ice ,p4-,j4 ,,pr\dhon1 ,de la ju/ice dans la revolution et dans l',eglise4 ,n\veaux pr9cipes de philosophie pratique 7#c vol41 ,p>is #aheh74 ,pr4 ,organisation ,p4-,j4 ,,pr\dhon1 ,organisation du cr$it et de la circulation1 et solution du probleme social 7,p>is #ahdh74 7,9 ! ,o,euvres ?is =ms "p ( ! volume ,solution47 ,pr4 ,pr9cipe ,p4-,j4 ,,pr\dhon1 ,du pr9cipe f$]atif et de la necessite de recon/itu] le p>ti de la revolution 7,p>is #ahfc74 ,pr4 ,propriete ,p4-,j4 ,,pr\dhon1 ,qu'e/-ce que la propriete8 ou re*]*es sur le pr9cipe du droit et du g\v]nem5t4 ,premi] memoire 7,p>is #ahda74 ,pr4 ,solution ,p4-,j4 ,,pr\dhon1 ,solution du probleme social 7,p>is #ahdh74 ,proal ,,l\is ,,proal1 ,la ,crim9alite politique 7,p>is #ahie74 ,rei*esb]g ,,naum ,,rei*esb]g1 ,sozialismus und ,an>*ismus 7,b]n und ,leipzig #ahie74 ,ri5zi ,,ri5zi1 ,l',an>*isme1 traduit du ne]l&ais p> ,augu/ ,dew9ne 7,bruxelles #ahic74 ,s]nicoli ,e4 ,,s]nicoli1 ,l',an>*ia e gli ,an>*ici4 ,/udio /orico e politico di ,e4 ,s]nicoli 7#b vol41 ,milano #ahid74 ,%aw ,,george ,,b]n>d ,,%aw1 ,! ,impossibilities ( ,an>*ism 7,london #ahie74 ,silio ,,ces> ,,silio1 ,el ,an>quismo y la ,def5sa ,social1 9 ,la ,espana ,mod]na 7,madrid7 vol4 #fa 7#ahid7 pp4 #ada-h4 ,/amml] ,,rudolf ,,/amml]1 ,die ,!orie des ,an>*ismus 7,b]l9 #ahid74 ,/irn] ,,max ,,/irn]1 ,d] ,e9zige und se9 ,eig5tum 7,leipzig #ahde74 ,/irn] ,vi]teljahrss*rift ,m4 ,/41 ,rez5s5t5 ,/irn]s1 9 ,wig&s ,vi]teljahrss*rift 7,leipzig7 vol4 #c 7#ahde7 pp4 #adg-id4 ,to4 ,confession ,,graf ,,leo ,,tol/oj1 ,bek5ntnisse4 ,0 soll5 wir d5n ?un8 deuts* von ,h4 von ,samson-,himmel/j]na 7,leipzig #ahhf71 pp4 #a-ajb4 ,to4 ,gospel ,,graf ,,leo ,n4 ,,tol/oj1 ,kurze ,d>legung des ,evangeliums1 deuts* von ,paul ,laut]ba* 7,leipzig1 n4 d474 ,to4 ,k]nel ,das ,korn1 9 ,,graf ,,leo ,n4 ,,tol/oj1 ,volks]zaehlung51 deuts* von ,wilhelm ,golds*midt 7,leipzig1 n4 d471 pp4 #hg-i4 ,to4 ,k+dom ,,leo ,n4 ,,tol/oj1 ,das ,rei* ,gottes i/ 9 eu*1 od] das ,*ri/5tum als e9e neue ,leb5sauffassung1 ni*t als my/is*e ,lehre1 deuts* von ,r4 ,loew5feld 7,/uttg>t1 ,leipzig1 ,b]l91 ,wi51 #ahid74 ,to4 ,l95-,measur] ,le9w&mess]4 ,die ,ges*i*te e9es ,pf]des1 9 ,leo ,n4 ,tol/oj1 ,gesammelte ,w]ke1 deuts* h]ausgegeb5 von ,raphael ,loew5feld1 vol4 #c 7,b]l9 #ahic7 pp4 #egc-fca4 ,to4 ,money ,,graf ,,leo ,,tol/oj1 ,geld6 ,soziale ,betra*tung51 deuts* von ,augu/ ,s*olz 7,b]l9 #ahia74 ,to4 ,morn+ ,d] ,morg5 des ,gut%]rn1 9 ,,leo ,n4 ,,tol/oj1 ,gesammelte ,w]ke1 deuts* h]ausgegeb5 von ,raphael ,loew5feld1 vol4 #b1 #b;d ed4 7,leipzig1 n4 d471 pp4 #a-ha4 ,to4 ,on ,life ,,graf ,,leo ,,tol/oj1 ,ueb] das ,leb51 deuts* von ,sophie ,behr 7,leipzig #ahhi74 ,to4 ,patriotism ,,graf ,,leo ,n4 ,,tol/oj1 ,*ri/5tum und ,vat]l&sliebe1 deuts* von ,l4 ,a4 ,hauff 7,b]l9 n4 d474 ,to4 ,p]secutions ,russis*e ,*ri/5v]folgung5 im ,kaukasus4 ,mit e9em ,vor- und ,na*wort von ,leo ,tol/oj 7,dresd5 und ,leipzig #ahif7 pp4 #g-h1 #ch-dh4 ,to4 ,reason & ,dogma ,,graf ,,leo ,n4 ,,tol/oj1 ,v]nunft und ,dogma4 ,e9e ,kritik d] ,glaub5slehre1 deuts* von ,l4 ,a4 ,hauff 7,b]l9 n4 d474 ,to4 ,religion & ,morality ,,graf ,,leo ,,tol/oj1 ,religion und ,moral4 ,antwort auf e9e 9 d] ,e?is*5 ,kultur ge/ellte ,frage1 deuts* von ,sophie ,behr 7,b]l9 #ahid74 ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe ,,graf ,,leo ,,tol/oj1 ,wor9 be/eht me9 ,glaube8 ,e9e ,/udie1 deuts* von ,sophie ,behr 7,leipzig #ahhe74 ,to4 ,:at ,%all ,we ,d ,,graf ,,leo ,,tol/oj1 ,0 soll5 wir also ?un8 deuts* von ,augu/ ,s*olz 7,b]l9 #ahia74 ,tripels ,disc\rs de ,tripels1 9 ,congres int]national d'an?ropologie crim9elle1 compte r5du des travaux de la quatrieme session1 t5ue a ,g5eve du #bd au #bi a\t #ahif 7,g5eve #ahig7 pp4 #bec-d4 ,tuck] ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,in/ead ( a ,book4 ,by a ,man ,too ,busy to ,write ,"o4 ,a fragm5t>y exposition ( philosophical ,an>*ism 7,new ,york #ahic74 ,van ,hamel ,,van ,,hamel1 ,l',an>*isme et le ,combat contre l'an>*isme au po9t de vue de l'an?ropologie crim9elle1 9 ,congres int]national d'an?ropologie crim9elle1 compte r5du des travaux de la quatrieme session1 t5ue a ,g5eve du #bd au #bi a\t #ahif 7,g5eve #ahig7 pp4 #bed-g4 ,z5k] ,e4 ,v4 ,,z5k]1 ,d] ,an>*ismus4 ,kritis*e ,ges*i*te d] an>*i/is*5 ,!orie 7,j5a #ahie74 ,,footnote3 #a ,entitl$ ,! ,ego & ,8 ,own4 ,n4 ,y41 ,b5j4 ,r4 ,tuck]1 #aijg4 ,,introduction #a4 ,we want to "k ,an>*ism sci5tifically1 = reasons bo? p]sonal & ext]nal4 ,we wi% to p5etrate ! ess5ce ( a movem5t t d>es to "q :at is und\bt$ & to d5y :at is v5]able1 & nev]!less takes hold ( wid] & wid] circles4 ,besides1 we wi% to make up our m9ds :e!r x is n necess>y to meet su* a movem5t ) =ce1 to protect ! e/abli%$ ord] or at lea/ its quiet progressive developm5t1 &1 by ru?less measures1 to gu>d aga9/ great] evils4 #b4 ,at pres5t !re is ! greate/ lack ( cle> ideas ab\t ,an>*ism1 & t n only among ! masses b among s*ol>s & /atesm54 ,n[ x is a hi/oric law ( evolution#b t is describ$ z ! supreme law ( ,an>*ism1 n[ x is ! happ9ess ( ! individual1#c n[ ju/ice4#d ,n[ !y say t ,an>*ism culm9ates 9 ! negation ( e programme1#e t x has only a negative aim2#f n[1 aga91 t its negat+ & de/roy+ side is balanc$ by a side t is affirmative & creative2#g n[1 to conclude1 t :at is orig9al 9 ,an>*ism is to be f\nd exclusively 9 its utt]ances ab\t ! ideal society1#h t its real1 true ess5ce consi/s 9 its positive ef=ts4#i ,n[ x is said t ,an>*ism rejects law1#aj n[ t x rejects society1#aa n[ t x rejects only ! ,/ate4#ab ,n[ x is decl>$ t 9 ! future society ( ,an>*ism !re is no tie ( contract b9d+ p]sons toge!r2#ac n[1 aga91 t ,an>*ism aims to h all public affairs arrang$ = by contracts betwe5 f$]ally con/itut$ communes & societies4#ad ,n[ x is said 9 g5]al t ,an>*ism rejects prop]ty1#ae or at lea/ private prop]ty2#af n[ a di/9ction is made betwe5 ,communi/ic & ,individuali/ic1#ag or ev5 betwe5 ,communi/ic1 ,collectivi/ic1 & ,individuali/ic ,an>*ism4#ah ,n[ x is ass]t$ t ,an>*ism conceives ( its realization z tak+ place ?r\gh crime1#ai especially ?r\gh a viol5t revolution#bj & by ! help ( ! propag&a ( de$2#ba n[1 aga91 t ,an>*ism rejects viol5t tactics & ! propag&a ( de$1#bb or t ^! are at lea/ n necess>y con/itu5ts ( ,an>*ism4#bc #c4 ,two dem&s mu/ be made ( ev]ybody :o und]takes to produce a sci5tific "w on ,an>*ism4 ,fir/1 he mu/ be acqua9t$ ) ! mo/ important ,an>*i/ic writ+s4 ,"h1 to be sure1 "o meets great difficulties4 ,an>*i/ic writ+s are v scantily repres5t$ 9 our public libr>ies4 ,!y are 9 "p s r>e t x is extremely difficult = an individual to acquire ev5 ! mo/ prom95t ( !m4 ,s x is n /range t ( all works on ,an>*ism only "o is bas$ on a compreh5sive k ( ! s\rces4 ,?is is a pamphlet :i* appe>$ anonym\sly 9 ,new ,york 9 #ahid1 ,die hi/oris*e ,entwickelung des ,an>*ismus :i* 9 sixte5 pages gives a concise pres5tation t atte/s an a/oni%+ acqua9tance ) ! mo/ v>i\s ,an>*i/ic writ+s4 ,! two l>ge works1 ,l'an>*ia e gli an>*ici1 /udio /orico e politico di ,e4 ,s]nicoli #b vol41 ,milano1 #ahid1 & ,d] ,an>*ismus1 kritis*e ,ges*i*te d] an>*i/is*5 ,!orie von ,e4 ,v4 ,z5k]1 ,j5a1 #ahie1 are at lea/ 9 "p f\nd$ on a k ( ,an>*i/ic writ+s4 ,second1 he :o w\ld produce a sci5tific "w on ,an>*ism mu/ be equally at home 9 jurisprud5ce1 9 economics1 & 9 philosophy4 ,an>*ism judges juridical in/itutions ) ref]5ce to _! economic effects1 & f ! /&po9t ( "s philosophy or o!r4 ,!re=e1 to p5etrate its ess5ce & n fall a victim to all possible misund]/&+s1 "o mu/ be famili> ) ^? concepts ( philosophy1 jurisprud5ce1 & economics :i* x applies or has a relation to4 ,?is dem& is be/ met1 among all works on ,an>*ism1 by ,rudolf ,/amml]'s pamphlet1 ,die ,!orie des ,an>*ismus1 ,b]l91 #ahid4 ,,footnotes3 #b ,d] ,an>*ismus und se9e ,traeg] pp4 #abd1 #abe1 #abg2 ,rei*esb]g p4 #bg4 #c ,l5z p4 #c4 #d ,b]natzik pp4 #b1 #c4 #e ,l5z p4 #e4 #f ,crispi4 #g ,van ,hamel p4 #aab4 #h ,adl] p4 #cba4 #i ,rei*esb]g p4 #ac4 #aj ,/amml] pp4 #b1 #d1 #cd1 #cf2 ,l5z pp4 #a1 #d4 #aa ,silio p4 #ade2 ,g>raud p4 #ab2 ,rei*esb]g p4 #af2 ,tripels p4 #bec4 #ab ,b]n/e9 p4 #cei2 ,b]natzik p4 #c4 #ac ,rei*esb]g p4 #cj4 #ad ,lombroso p4 #ca4 #ae ,silio p4 #ade2 ,dubois p4 #bac4 #af ,lombroso p4 #ca2 ,proal p4 #ej4 #ag ,ri5zi p4 #i2 ,/amml] pp4 #bh-ca2 ,m]l9o pp4 #ah1 #bg2 ,%aw p4 #bc4 #ah ,die hi/oris*e ,entwickelung des ,an>*ismus p4 #af2 ,z5k] p4 #afa4 #ai ,g>raud p4 #f2 ,l5z p4 #e4 #bj ,s]nicoli vol4 #b p4 #aaf2 ,g>raud p4 #b2 ,rei*esb]g p4 #ch2 ,van ,hamel p4 #aac4 #ba ,g>raud pp4 #aj1 #aa2 ,lombroso p4 #cd2 ,f]ri p4 #beg4 #bb ,mackay ,magaz9 pp4 #iac-iae2 ,an>*i/5 pp4 #bci-bdc4 #bc ,z5k] pp4 #bjc1 #bjd4 ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,problem #a4--;,,g5]al ,! problem = our /udy is1 to get det]m9ate concepts ( ,an>*ism & its species4 ,z soon z su* det]m9ate concepts are atta9$1 ,an>*ism is sci5tifically kn[n4 ,= _! det]m9ation is n only condition$ on a compreh5sive view ( all ! individual ph5om5a ( ,an>*ism2 x also br+s toge!r ! results ( ?is compreh5sive view1 & assigns to !m a place 9 ! totality ( our k4 ,! problem ( gett+ det]m9ate concepts ( ,an>*ism & its species seems at a fir/ glance p]fectly cle>4 ,b ! app>5t cle>ness vani%es on clos] exam9ation4 ,= !re rises fir/ ! "q1 :at %all be ! />t+-po9t ( our /udy8 ,! answ] w be giv51 ,an>*i/ic tea*+s4 ,b !re is by no means an agreem5t z to :at tea*+s are ,an>*i/ic2 "o man designates z ,an>*i/ic ^! tea*+s1 ano!r ^?2 & ( ! tea*+s !mselves a "p designate !mselves z ,an>*i/ic1 a "p d n4 ,h[ c "o take any ( !m z ,an>*i/ic tea*+s = a />t+-po9t1 )\t apply+ t v concept ( ,an>*ism :i* he has yet to det]m9e8 ,!n rises ! fur!r "q1 :at is ! goal ( ! /udy8 ,! answ] w be giv51 ! concepts ( ,an>*ism & its species4 ,b we see daily t diff]5t m5 def9e 9 q diff]5t ways ! concept ( an object :i* !y yet conceive 9 ! same way4 ,"o says t law is ! g5]al w2 ano!r1 t x is a mass ( precepts :i* limit a man's natural lib]ty = o!r m5's sake2 a ?ird1 t x is ! ord]+ ( ! life ( ! nation 7or ( ! community ( nations7 to ma9ta9 ,god's ord] ( ! _w4 ,!y all "k t a def9ition %\ld /ate ! proximate g5us & ! di/9ctive m>ks ( ! species1 b ?is k does !m little good4 ,s x seems t ! goal ( ! /udy does /ill require elucidation4 ,la/ly rises ! "q1 :at is ! way to ?is goal8 ,any "o :o has ev] obs]v$ ! conflict ( op9ions 9 ! intellectual sci5ces kn[s well1 on ! "o h&1 h[ utt]ly we lack a recogniz$ me?od = ! solution ( problems2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 h[ necess>y x is 9 any /udy to get cle>ly 9 m9d ! me?od t is to be us$4 #b4 ,our /udy c come to a m precise specification ( its problem4 ,! problem is to put concepts 9 ! place ( non-conceptual notions ( ,an>*ism & its species4 ,e concept-det]m9+ /udy faces ! problem ( compreh5d+ conceptually an object t 0 fir/ compreh5d$ non-conceptually1 & !re=e ( putt+ a concept 9 ! place ( non-conceptual notions ( an object4 ,?is problem f9ds a specially cle> expression 9 ! concept-det]m9+ judgm5t 7! def9ition71 :i* puts 9 imm$iate juxtaposition1 9 its subject "s non-conceptual notion ( an object1 & 9 its pr$icate a conceptual notion ( ! same object4 ,accord+ly1 ! /udy t is to det]m9e ! concepts ( ,an>*ism & its species has = its problem to compreh5d conceptually objects t are fir/ compreh5d$ 9 non-conceptual notions ( ,an>*ism & its species2 & !re=e1 to put concepts 9 ! place ( ^! non-conceptual notions4 #c4 ,b our /udy may specify its problem /ill m precisely1 ?\gh at fir/ only on ! negative side4 ,! problem is n to put concepts 9 ! place ( all notions t appe> z non-conceptual notions ( ,an>*ism & its species4 ,any concept c compreh5d conceptually only "o object1 n ano!r object toge!r ) ?is4 ,! concept ( heal? _c be at ! same "t ! concept ( life1 nor ! concept ( ! horse t ( ! mammal4 ,b 9 ! non-conceptual notions t appe> z notions ( ,an>*ism & its species !re are compreh5d$ v diff]5t objects4 ,to be sure1 ! object ( all ^! notions is on ! "o h& a g5us t is =m$ by ! common qualities ( c]ta9 tea*+s1 & on ! o!r h& ! species ( ?is g5us1 :i* are =m$ by ! addition ( sundry peculi>ities to ^! common qualities4 ,b /ill ^! notions h 9 view v diff]5t gr\ps ( tea*+s ) _! common & special qualities1 "s p]haps only ! tea*+s ( ,kropotk9 & ,mo/1 o!rs only ! tea*+s ( ,/irn]1 ,tuck]1 & ,mackay1 o!rs aga9 ! tea*+s ( bo? sets ( au?ors4 ,if "o propos$ to put concepts 9 ! place ( all ! non-conceptual notions :i* appe> z notions ( ,an>*ism & its species1 ^! concepts w\ld h to compreh5d at once ! common & special qualities ( q diff]5t gr\ps ( tea*+s1 ( :i* gr\ps "o might embrace only ! tea*+s ( ,kropotk9 & ,mo/1 ano!r only ^? ( ,/irn]1 ,tuck]1 & ,mackay1 a ?ird bo?4 ,b ?is is impossible3 ! concepts ( ,an>*ism & its species c compreh5d only ! common & special qualities ( a s+le gr\p ( tea*+s2 !re=e our /udy _c put concepts 9 ! place ( all ! notions t appe> z notions ( ,an>*ism & its species4 #d4 ,by complet+ on ! affirmative side ?is negative specification ( its problem1 our /udy c arrive at a /ill m precise specification ( ?is problem4 ,! problem is to put concepts 9 ! place ( ^? non-conceptual notions ( ,an>*ism & its species1 hav+ 9 view "o & ! same gr\p ( tea*+s1 :i* are mo/ widely diffus$ among ! m5 :o at pres5t are sci5tifically conc]n$ ) ,an>*ism4 ,because ! only possible problem = our /udy is to put concepts 9 ! place ( "p ( ! notions t appe> z non-conceptual notions ( ,an>*ism & its species1--to wit1 only 9 ! place ( su* notions z h 9 view "o & ! same gr\p ( tea*+s ) its common & special qualities1--!re=e we mu/ divide into classes1 accord+ to ! gr\ps ( tea*+s t !y sev]ally h 9 view1 ! notions t appe> z notions ( ,an>*ism & its species1 & we mu/ *oose ! class ^: notions are to be replac$ by concepts4 ,! *oice ( ! class mu/ dep5d on ! k9d ( m5 = :om ! /udy is meant4 ,= ! /udy ( a concept is ( value only = ^? :o non-conceptually appreh5d ! object ( ! concept1 s9ce ! concept takes ! place ( _! notions only4 ,= ^? :o =m a non-conceptual notion ( space1 ! concept ( morality is s f> mean+less2 & j z mean+less1 = ^? :o mean by ,an>*ism :at ! tea*+s ( ,pr\dhon & ,/irn] h 9 common1 is ! concept ( :at is common to ! tea*+s ( ,pr\dhon1 ,/irn]1 ,bakun91 & ,kropotk94 ,b ! m5 = :om ?is /udy is meant are ^? :o at pres5t are sci5tifically conc]n$ ) ,an>*ism4 ,if all ^!1 9 _! notions ( ,an>*ism & its species1 _h 9 view "o & ! same gr\p ( tea*+s1 !n ! problem = our /udy w\ld be to put concepts 9 ! place ( ?is set ( notions4 ,s9ce ?is is n ! case1 ! only possible problem = our /udy is to put concepts 9 ! place ( t set ( notions :i* has 9 view a gr\p ( tea*+s t ! greate/ possible numb] ( ! m5 at pres5t sci5tifically conc]n$ ) ,an>*ism h 9 view 9 _! non-conceptual notions ( ,an>*ism & its species4 #b4--,,! ,,/>t+-,,po9t ,9 accordance ) :at has be5 said1 ! />t+-po9t ( our /udy mu/ be ^? non-conceptual notions ( ,an>*ism & its species1 hav+ 9 view "o & ! same gr\p ( tea*+s1 :i* are mo/ widely diffus$ among ! m5 :o at pres5t are sci5tifically conc]n$ ) ,an>*ism4 #a4 ,h[ c x be kn[n :at gr\p ( tea*+s ! non-conceptual notions ( ,an>*ism & its species mo/ widely diffus$ among ! m5 at pres5t sci5tifically conc]n$ ) ,an>*ism h 9 view8 ,fir/ & =emo/1 ?is may be se5 f utt]ances reg>d+ p>ticul> ,an>*i/ic tea*+s1 & f li/s & descriptions ( su* tea*+s4 ,we may assume t a man reg>ds z ,an>*i/ic ^? tea*+s :i* he designates z ,an>*i/ic1 &1 fur!r1 ^? tea*+s :i* are likewise *>act]iz$ by ! common qualities ( ^!4 ,we may fur!r assume t a man does n reg>d z ,an>*i/ic ^? tea*+s :i* he 9 any =m contra/s ) ! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s1 nor1 if he und]takes to catalogue or describe ! :ole body ( ,an>*i/ic tea*+s1 ^? tea*+s unkn[n to him :i* are n *>act]iz$ by ! common qualities ( ! tea*+s he catalogues or describes4 ,:at gr\p ( tea*+s ^? non-conceptual notions ( ,an>*ism & its species :i* are mo/ widely diffus$ among ! m5 at pres5t sci5tifically conc]n$ ) ,an>*ism h 9 view1 may be se5 secondly f ! def9itions ( ,an>*ism & f o!r utt]ances ab\t x4 ,we may d\bt+ly assume t a man reg>ds z ,an>*i/ic ^? tea*+s :i* come "u 8 def9ition ( ,an>*ism1 or = :i* 8 utt]ances ab\t ,an>*ism hold good2 &1 on ! contr>y1 t he does n reg>d z ,an>*i/ic ^? tea*+s :i* d n come "u t def9ition1 or = :i* ^! utt]ances d n hold good4 ,:5 ^! two means ( k lead to contradictions1 ! =m] mu/ be decisive4 ,=1 if a man s def9es ,an>*ism1 or s speaks ( ,an>*ism1 t on ?is basis tea*+s :i* he decl>es non-,an>*i/ic manife/ !mselves to be ,an>*i/ic1--& p]haps o!r tea*+s1 :i* he c\nts among ! ,an>*i/ic1 to be non-,an>*i/ic1--?is c be due only to 8 n be+ consci\s ( ! scope ( 8 g5]al pron\ncem5ts2 !re=e x is only f 8 treatm5t ( ! individual tea*+s t "o c f9d out 8 op9ion ( ^!4 #b4 ,^! means ( k in=m u :at gr\p ( tea*+s ! non-conceptual notions ( ,an>*ism & its species mo/ widely diffus$ among ! m5 at pres5t sci5tifically conc]n$ ) ,an>*ism h 9 view4 ,we le>n1 fir/1 t ! tea*+s ( c]ta9 p>ticul> m5 are recogniz$ z ,an>*i/ic tea*+s by ! great] "p ( ^? :o at pres5t are sci5tifically conc]n$ ) ,an>*ism4 ,we le>n1 second1 t by ! great] "p ( ^? :o at pres5t are sci5tifically conc]n$ ) ,an>*ism ! tea*+s ( ^! m5 are recogniz$ z ,an>*i/ic tea*+s only 9 s f> z !y relate to law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty2 b n 9 s f> z !y may be conc]n$ ) ! law1 ,/ate1 or prop]ty ( a p>ticul> legal sy/em or a p>ticul> gr\p ( legal sy/ems1 nor 9 s f> z !y reg>d o!r objects1 su* z religion1 ! family1 art4 ,among ! recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s sev5 are p>ticul>ly prom95t3 to wit1 ! tea*+s ( ,godw91 ,pr\dhon1 ,/irn]1 ,bakun91 ,kropotk91 ,tuck]1 & ,tol/oi4 ,!y all manife/ !mselves to be ,an>*i/ic tea*+s accord+ to ! great] "p ( ! def9itions ( ,an>*ism1 & ( o!r sci5tific utt]ances ab\t x4 ,!y all display ! qualities t are common to ! doctr9es treat$ ( 9 mo/ descriptions ( ,an>*ism4 ,"s ( !m1 be x "o or ano!r1 are put 9 ! =egr\nd 9 almo/ e "w on ,an>*ism4 ,( no "o ( !m is x d5i$1 to an ext5t wor? m5tion+1 t x is an ,an>*i/ic tea*+4 #c4--,,! ,,goal ,9 accordance ) :at has be5 said1 ! goal ( our /udy mu/ be to det]m9e1 fir/1 ! concept ( ! g5us :i* is con/itut$ by ! common qualities ( ^? tea*+s :i* ! great] "p ( ! m5 at pres5t sci5tifically conc]n$ ) ,an>*ism recognize z ,an>*i/ic tea*+s2 second1 ! concepts ( ! species ( ?is g5us1 :i* are =m$ by ! accession ( any specialties to ^? common qualities4 #a4 ,! fir/ ?+ t[>d a concept is t an object be appreh5d$ z cle>ly & purely z possible4 ,9 non-conceptual notions an object is n appreh5d$ ) all possible cle>ness4 ,9 our non-conceptual notions ( gold we mo/ commonly make cle> to ourselves only a few qualities ( gold2 "o ( u1 p]haps1 ?9ks ma9ly ( ! color & ! lu/re1 ano!r ( ! color & malleability1 a ?ird ( "s o!r qualities4 ,b 9 ! concept ( gold color1 lu/re1 malleability1 h>dness1 solubility1 fusibility1 specific gravity1 atomic weight1 & all o!r qualities ( gold1 mu/ be appreh5d$ z cle>ly z possible4 ,nor is an object appreh5d$ 9 all possible purity 9 our non-conceptual notions4 ,we introduce into our non-conceptual notions ( gold _m ?+s t d n belong among ! qualities ( gold2 "o1 p]haps1 ?9ks ( ! pres5t value ( gold1 ano!r ( gold5 di%es1 a ?ird ( "s sort ( gold co94 ,b all ^! ali5 adjuncts mu/ be kept away f ! concept ( gold4 ,s ! fir/ goal ( our /udy is to describe z cle>ly z possible on ! "o side1 & z purely z possible on ! o!r1 ! common qualities ( ^? tea*+s :i* ! great] "p ( ! m5 at pres5t sci5tifically conc]n$ ) ,an>*ism recognize z ,an>*i/ic tea*+s1 & ! specialties ( all ! tea*+s :i* display ^! common qualities4 #b4 ,x is fur!r requisite = a concept t an object %\ld h its place assign$ z well z possible 9 ! total realm ( our exp]i5ce1--t is1 9 a sy/em ( species & g5]a :i* embraces our total exp]i5ce4 ,9 non-conceptual notions an object does n h its place assign$ 9 ! total realm ( our exp]i5ce1 b arbitr>ily 9 "o ( ! _m g5]a 9 :i* x c be plac$ accord+ to its v>i\s qualities4 ,"o ( u1 p]haps1 ?9ks ( gold z a species ( ! g5us yell[ bodies1 ano!r z a species ( ! g5us malleable bodies1 a ?ird z a species ( "s o!r g5us4 ,b ! concept ( gold mu/ assign x a place 9 a sy/em ( species & g5]a t embraces our :ole exp]i5ce1--a place 9 ! g5us metals4 ,s a fur!r goal ( our /udy is to assign a place z well z possible 9 ! total realm ( our exp]i5ce 7t is1 9 a sy/em ( species & g5]a :i* embraces our total exp]i5ce7 = ! common qualities ( ^? tea*+s :i* ! great] "p ( ! m5 at pres5t sci5tifically conc]n$ ) ,an>*ism recognize z ,an>*i/ic tea*+s1 & = ! specialties ( all ! tea*+s t display ^! common qualities4 #d4--,,! ,,way ,,to ,,! ,,goal ,9 accordance ) :at has be5 said1 ! way t our /udy mu/ take to g f its />t+-po9t to its goal w be 9 ?ree p>ts4 ,fir/1 ! concepts ( law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty mu/ be det]m9$4 ,next1 x mu/ be asc]ta9$ :at ! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s ass]t ab\t law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty4 ,f9ally1 aft] remov+ "s errors1 we mu/ get det]m9ate concepts ( ,an>*ism & its species4 #a4 ,fir/1 we mu/ get det]m9ate concepts ( law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty2 & ?is mu/ be ( law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty 9 g5]al1 n ( ! law1 ,/ate1 or prop]ty ( a p>ticul> legal sy/em or a p>ticul> family ( legal sy/ems4 ,law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty1 9 ?is s5se1 are ! objects ab\t :i* ! doctr9es :i* are to be exam9$ 9 _! common & special qualities make ass]tions4 ,be=e ! fact ( any ass]tions ab\t an object c be asc]ta9$1--n to say1 be=e ! common & special qualities ( ^! ass]tions c be br\ght out & assign$ to a place 9 ! total realm ( our exp]i5ce1--we mu/ get a det]m9ate concept ( ?is object itself4 ,h5ce ! fir/ ?+ t mu/ be done is to det]m9e ! concepts ( law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty 7*apt] ,,ii74 #b4 ,next1 x mu/ be asc]ta9$ :at ! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s ass]t ab\t law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty2--t is1 ! recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s1 & also ^? tea*+s :i* likewise display ! qualities common to ^!4 ,:at ! recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s say1 mu/ be asc]ta9$ 9 ord] to det]m9e ! concept ( ,an>*ism4 ,:at all ! tea*+s t display ! common qualities ( ! recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s say1 mu/ be asc]ta9$ 9 ord] t we may get det]m9ate concepts ( ! species ( ,an>*ism4 ,s ea* ( ^! tea*+s mu/ be que/ion$ reg>d+ its relation to law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty4 ,^! que/ions mu/ be prec$$ by ! "q on :at f\ndation ! tea*+ re/s1 & mu/ be foll[$ by ! "q h[ x conceives ! process ( its realization4 ,x is impossible to pres5t "h all recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s1 n to say all ,an>*i/ic tea*+s4 ,!re=e our /udy limits itself to ! pres5tation ( sev5 especially prom95t tea*+s 7*apt]s ,,iii to ,,ix71 & !n1 f ?is /&po9t1 seeks to get a view ( ! totality ( recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s & ( all ,an>*i/ic tea*+s 7*apt] ,x74 ,! tea*+s pres5t$ are pres5t$ 9 _! own words1#bd b accord+ to a uni=m sy/em3 ! fir/1 = security aga9/ ! importation ( ali5 ?\ghts2 ! second1 to avoid ! uncomp>able juxtaposition ( fundam5tally diff]5t c\rses ( ?\ght4 ,!y h be5 compell$ to give def9ite replies to def9ite que/ions2 x 0 inde$ necess>y 9 _m cases to br+ ! answ]s toge!r 9 t9y fragm5ts f ! mo/ v>i\s writ+s1 to sift !m s f> z !y contradict$ ea* o!r1 & to expla9 !m s f> z !y deviat$ f ord9>y language4 ,?us ,tol/oi's /rictly logical /ructure ( ?\ght & ,bakun9's confus$ talk1 ,kropotk9's discussions full ( gl[+ philan?ropy & ,/irn]'s self-pleas+ sm>tness1 come be=e our eyes directly & yet 9 comp>able =m4 #c4 ,f9ally1 aft] remov+ widely diffus$ errors1 we are to get det]m9ate concepts ( ,an>*ism & its species4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 on ! basis ( t k ( ! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s :i* we h acquir$1 cle> away ! mo/ important errors ab\t ,an>*ism & its species2 & !n we mu/ det]m9e :at ! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s h 9 common1 & :at specialties are repres5t$ among !m1 & assign to bo? a place 9 ! total realm ( our exp]i5ce4 ,!n we h ! concepts ( ,an>*ism & its species 7*apt] ,,xi74 ,,footnote3 #bd ,russian writ+s are cit$ f translations1 :i* are cauti\sly revis$ :]e !y seem too h>%4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,law1 ,,! ,,/ate1 ,,prop]ty #a4--;,,g5]al ,9 ?is discussion we are to get det]m9ate concepts ( law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty 9 g5]al1 n ( ! law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty ( a p>ticul> legal sy/em or ( a p>ticul> family ( legal sy/ems4 ,! concepts ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty are !re=e to be det]m9$ z concepts ( g5]al jurisprud5ce1 n z concepts ( any p>ticul> jurisprud5ce4 #a4 ,by ! concepts ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty "o may und]/&1 fir/1 ! concepts ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty 9 ! sci5ce ( a p>ticul> legal sy/em4 ,^! concepts ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty conta9 all ! *>act]i/ics t belong to ! sub/ance ( a p>ticul> legal sy/em4 ,!y embrace only ! sub/ance ( ?is sy/em4 ,!y may1 !re=e1 be call$ concepts ( ! sci5ce ( ?is sy/em4 ,= we may designate z ! sci5ce ( a p>ticul> legal sy/em t "p ( jurisprud5ce :i* conc]ns itself exclusively ) ! norms ( a p>ticul> legal sy/em4 ,! concepts ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty 9 ! sci5ce ( a legal sy/em are di/+ui%$ f ! concepts ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty 9 ! sci5ces ( o!r legal sy/ems by ?is *>act]i/ic1--t !y are concepts ( norms ( ?is p>ticul> sy/em4 ,f ?is *>act]i/ic we may d$uce all ! *>act]i/ics t result f ! special sub/ance ( ?is sy/em ( law 9 contra/ to o!r su* sy/ems4 ,! concepts ( prop]ty 9 ! pres5t laws ( ! ,g]man empire1 ( ,france1 & ( ,engl& are di/+ui%$ by ! fact t !y are concepts ( norms ( ^! ?ree diff]5t legal sy/ems4 ,consequ5tly !y are z diff]5t z are ! norms ( ! pres5t imp]ial-,g]man1 ,fr5*1 & ,engli% law on ! subject ( prop]ty4 ,! concepts ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty 9 diff]5t legal sy/ems are to ea* o!r z species-concepts :i* are subord9ate to "o & ! same g5]ic concept4 #b4 ,second1 "o may und]/& by ! concepts ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty ! concepts ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty 9 ! sci5ce ( a p>ticul> family ( laws4 ,^! concepts ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty conta9 all ! *>act]i/ics t belong to ! common sub/ance ( ! diff]5t legal sy/ems ( ?is family4 ,!y embrace only ! common sub/ance ( ! diff]5t sy/ems ( ?is family4 ,!y may1 !re=e1 be call$ concepts ( ! sci5ce ( ?is family ( laws4 ,= we may designate z ! sci5ce ( a p>ticul> family ( laws t "p ( jurisprud5ce :i* deals exclusively ) ! norms ( a p>ticul> family ( legal sy/ems1 s f> z ^! are n already dealt ) by ! sci5ces ( ! p>ticul> legal sy/ems ( ?is family4 ,! concepts ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty 9 ! sci5ce ( a family ( laws are di/+ui%$ f ! concepts ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty 9 ! sci5ces ( ! legal sy/ems t =m ! family by lack+ ! *>act]i/ic ( be+ concepts ( norms ( ^! sy/ems1 & consequ5tly lack+ also all ! *>act]i/ics :i* may be d$uc$ f ?is *>act]i/ic accord+ to ! special sub/ance ( "o or ano!r legal sy/em4 ,! concept ( ! ,/ate 9 ! sci5ce ( pres5t ,european law is di/+ui%$ f ! concepts ( ! ,/ate 9 ! sci5ces ( pres5t ,g]man1 ,russian1 & ,belgian law by n be+ a concept ( norms ( any "o ( ^! sy/ems1 & consequ5tly by lack+ all ! *>act]i/ics t result f ! special sub/ance ( ! con/itutional norms 9 =ce 9 ,g]many1 ,russia1 & ,belgium4 ,its relation to ! concepts ( ! ,/ate 9 ! sci5ce ( ^! sy/ems is t ( a g5]ic concept to subord9ate species-concepts4 ,! concepts ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty 9 ! sci5ce ( a family ( laws are di/+ui%$ f ! concepts ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty 9 ! sci5ces ( o!r su* families by ?is *>act]i/ic1--t !y are concepts ( norms ( ?is p>ticul> family4 ,f ?is *>act]i/ic we may d$uce all ! *>act]i/ics t are peculi> to ! common sub/ance ( ! diff]5t legal sy/ems ( ?is family 9 contra/ to ! common sub/ance ( ! diff]5t legal sy/ems ( o!r families4 ,! concept ( ! ,/ate 9 ! sci5ce ( pres5t ,european law & ! concept ( ! ,/ate 9 ! sci5ce ( ,european law 9 ! ye> #ajjj are di/+ui%$ by ! fact t ! "o is a concept ( con/itutional norms t are 9 =ce 9 ,europe to-day1 ! o!r ( su* z 7 9 =ce 9 ,europe !n2 consequ5tly !y are diff]5t 9 ! same way z :at ! con/itutional norms 9 =ce 9 ,europe to-day h 9 common is diff]5t f :at 0 common to ! con/itutional norms 9 =ce 9 ,europe !n4 ,^! concepts are to ea* o!r z species-concepts :i* are subord9ate to "o & ! same g5]ic concept4 #c4 ,?ird1 "o may und]/& by ! concepts ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty ! concepts ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty 9 g5]al jurisprud5ce4 ,^! concepts ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty conta9 all ! *>act]i/ics t belong to ! common sub/ance ( ! mo/ diff]5t sy/ems & families ( laws4 ,!y embrace only :at ! norms ( ! mo/ diff]5t sy/ems & families ( laws h 9 common4 ,!y may1 !re=e1 be call$ concepts ( g5]al jurisprud5ce4 ,= t "p ( jurisprud5ce :i* treats ( legal norms )\t limitation to any p>ticul> sy/em or family ( laws1 s f> z ^! norms are n already treat$ by ! sci5ces ( ! p>ticul> sy/ems & families1 may be designat$ z g5]al jurisprud5ce4 ,! concepts ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty 9 g5]al jurisprud5ce are di/+ui%$ f ! concepts ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty 9 ! p>ticul> jurisprud5ces by lack+ ! *>act]i/ic ( be+ concepts ( norms ( "o ( ^! sy/ems or at lea/ "o ( ^! families ( sy/ems1 & consequ5tly lack+ also all ! *>act]i/ics :i* may be d$uc$ f ?is *>act]i/ic accord+ to ! special sub/ance ( "s sy/em or family ( laws4 ,! concept ( law p] se is di/+ui%$ f ! concept ( law 9 pres5t ,european law & f ! concept ( law 9 ! pres5t law ( ! ,g]man empire by n be+ a concept ( norms ( t family ( laws1 n to say t p>ticul> sy/em1 & consequ5tly by lack+ all ! *>act]i/ics t might belong to any peculi>ities :i* might be common to all legal norms at pres5t 9 =ce 9 ,europe or 9 ,g]many4 ,its relation to ! concepts ( law 9 ^! p>ticul> jurisprud5ces is t ( a g5]ic concept to subord9ate species-concepts4 #d4 ,9 :i* ( ! s5ses "h di/+ui%$ ! concepts ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty %\ld be def9$ 9 a p>ticul> case1 & :at matt]s %\ld accord+ly be tak5 into consid]ation 9 def9+ !m1 dep5ds on ! purpose ( "o's /udy4 ,if1 = example1 ! po9t is to describe sci5tifically ! con/itutional norms ( ! pres5t law ( ! ,g]man empire1 !n ! concept ( ! ,/ate z def9$ on ?is occasion mu/ be a concept ( ! sci5ce ( ?is p>ticul> legal sy/em4 ,= sci5tific "w on ! norms ( a p>ticul> legal sy/em requires t concepts be =m$ ( ! norms ( j ?is sy/em4 ,consequ5tly ! mat]ial to be tak5 into consid]ation w be only ! con/itutional norms ( ! pres5t law ( ! ,g]man empire4--,t ! concepts def9$ 9 ! sci5tific description ( a sy/em ( law are 9 fact concepts ( ! sci5ce ( ?is sy/em may inde$ seem obscure4 ,= e concept ( ! sci5ce ( any p>ticul> sy/em ( law may be def9$ z ! concept ( a species "u ! correspond+ g5]ic concept ( g5]al jurisprud5ce4 ,we def9e ?is g5]ic concept1 say ! concept ( ! ,/ate 9 g5]al jurisprud5ce1 & add ! di/9ctive *>act]i/ic ( ! species-concept1 t x is a concept ( norms ( ?is p>ticul> sy/em ( law1 say ( ! pres5t law ( ! ,g]man empire4 ,& !n we (t5 leave ?is additional *>act]i/ic unexpress$1 :]e we ?9k we may assume 7z is ! case 9 ! sci5tific description ( ! norms ( any p>ticul> sy/em ( law7 t ev]ybody w reg>d x z tacitly add$4 ,! consequ5ce is t ! def9ition giv5 9 ! sci5tific description ( a p>ticul> sy/em ( law looks1 at a sup]ficial glance1 l ! def9ition ( a concept ( g5]al jurisprud5ce4 ,or1 if ! po9t is to comp>e sci5tifically ! norms ( pres5t ,european law reg>d+ prop]ty1 ! concept ( prop]ty z def9$ on ?is occasion mu/ be a concept ( ! sci5ce ( ?is p>ticul> family ( laws4 ,= ! sci5tific comp>ison ( norms ( diff]5t legal sy/ems dem&s t concepts ( ! sci5ces ( ^! diff]5t legal sy/ems be subord9ately arrang$ "u ! correspond+ concept ( ! sci5ce ( ! family ( laws :i* is made up ( ^! sy/ems4 ,consequ5tly ! mat]ial to be tak5 into consid]ation w be only ! norms ( ?is family ( laws4--,"h aga91 inde$1 x may seem obscure t ! concepts def9$ are really concepts ( ! sci5ce ( ?is family ( laws4 ,= ! concepts t belong to ! sci5ce ( a family ( laws may likewise be def9$ by def9+ ! correspond+ concepts ( g5]al jurisprud5ce & tacitly add+ ! *>act]i/ic ( be+ concepts ( norms ( ?is p>ticul> family ( laws4 ,f9ally1 if x comes to pass t ! po9t is to comp>e sci5tifically :at ! norms ( ! mo/ div]se sy/ems ( law h 9 common1 ! concept ( law z def9$ on ?is occasion mu/ be a concept ( g5]al jurisprud5ce4 ,= ! sci5tific comp>ison ( norms ( ! mo/ div]se sy/ems & families ( laws dem&s t concepts :i* belong to ! sci5ces ( ! mo/ div]se sy/ems & families ( laws be subord9ately arrang$ "u ! correspond+ concept ( g5]al jurisprud5ce4 ,consequ5tly ! mat]ial to be tak5 into consid]ation w be ! norms ( ! mo/ div]se sy/ems & families ( laws4 ,"h1--:]e ! po9t is to take ! fir/ /ep t[>d a sci5tific compreh5sion ( tea*+s :i* pass judgm5t on law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty 9 g5]al1 n only on ! law1 ,/ate1 or prop]ty ( a p>ticul> sy/em or family ( laws1--! concepts ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty mu/ necess>ily be def9$ z concepts ( g5]al jurisprud5ce4 ,= a sci5tific compreh5sion ( tea*+s :i* deal ) ! common sub/ance ( ! mo/ div]se sy/ems & families ( laws dem&s t concepts ( ?is common sub/ance--consequ5tly concepts belong+ to g5]al jurisprud5ce--be =m$4 ,!re=e we h to take into consid]ation1 z our mat]ial1 ! norms 7especially reg>d+ ! ,/ate & prop]ty7 ( ! mo/ div]se sy/ems & families ( laws4 #b4--,,law ,law is ! body ( legal norms4 ,a legal norm is a norm :i* is bas$ on ! fact t m5 h ! w to see a c]ta9 proc$ure g5]ally obs]v$ )9 a circle :i* includes !mselves4 #a4 ,a legal norm is a norm4 ,a norm is ! idea ( a correct proc$ure4 ,a correct proc$ure means "o t corresponds ei!r to ! f9al purpose ( all human proc$ure 7unconditionally correct proc$ure1--= in/ance1 respect = ano!r's life71 or at any rate to "s accid5tal purpose 7conditionally correct proc$ure1--= in/ance1 ! skill$ h&l+ ( a picklock74 ,& ! idea ( a correct proc$ure means t ! unconditionally or conditionally correct proc$ure is to be ?\ght ( n z a fact b z a task1 n z some?+ real b z some?+ to be realiz$2 x does n mean t ,i %all 9 fact sp>e my enemy's life1 b t ,i am to sp>e x--n h[ ! ?ief really did use ! picklock1 b h[ he %\ld h us$ x4 ,! idea ( a correct proc$ure is :at we designate z an ought3 :5 ,i ?9k ( an ought1 ,i ?9k ( :at has to be done 9 ord] to realize ei!r ! f9al purpose ( all human proc$ure or "s accid5tal p]sonal purpose4 ,all pass+ ( judgm5t on pa/ proc$ure is condition$ ^u ! idea ( a correct proc$ure--only ) reg>d to ?is idea c pa/ proc$ure be describ$ z good or bad1 exp$i5t or inexp$i5t2 & s is all delib]ation on future proc$ure--only ) reg>d to ?is idea does "o inquire :e!r x w be "r1 or at any rate exp$i5t1 to proce$ 9 a giv5 mann]4 ,e legal norm repres5ts a proc$ure z correct1 decl>es t x corresponds to a p>ticul> purpose4 ,& x repres5ts ?is correct proc$ure z an idea1 designates x n z a fact b z a task1 does n say t any "o does proce$ s b t "o is to proce$ s4 ,h5ce a legal norm is a norm4 #b4 ,a legal norm is a norm bas$ on a human w4 ,a norm bas$ on a human w is a norm by virtue ( :i* "o mu/ proce$ 9 a c]ta9 way 9 ord] t he may n put himself 9 opposition to ! w ( "s p>ticul> m51 & s be appreh5d$ by ! p[] :i* is at ! s]vice ( ^! m54 ,su* a norm1 !re=e1 repres5ts a proc$ure only z conditionally correct2 to wit1 z a means to ! end 7:i* we are p]haps pursu+ or p]haps despis+7 ( rema9+ 9 h>mony ) ! w ( c]ta9 m51 & s be+ sp>$ by ! p[] :i* s]ves ?is w4 ,e legal norm tells u t we mu/ proce$ 9 a c]ta9 way 9 ord] t we may n contrav5e ! w ( "s p>ticul> m5 & !n suff] "u _! p[]4 ,!re=e x repres5ts a proc$ure only z conditionally correct1 & in/ructs u n z to :at is good b only z to :at is prescrib$4 ,h5ce a legal norm is a norm bas$ on a human w4 #c4 ,a legal norm is a norm bas$ on ! fact t m5 w to h a c]ta9 proc$ure = !mselves & o!rs4 ,a norm is bas$ on ! fact t m5 w to h a c]ta9 proc$ure = !mselves & o!rs :5 ! w on :i* ! norm is bas$ has ref]5ce n only to o!rs :o d n w1 b also1 at ! same "t1 to ! will]s !mselves also2 :51 !re=e1 ^! n only w t o!rs be subject to ! norm b also w to be subject to x !mselves4 ,e legal norm1 & ( all norms only ! legal norm1 has ! *>act]i/ic t ! w on :i* x is bas$ rea*es beyond ^? ^: w x is1 & yet embraces !m too4 ,! rule1 ,:oev] takes f ano!r a movable ?+ t is n 8 own1 ) ! int5t to appropriate x illegally1 is puni%$ ) imprisonm5t = !ft1 is n only bas$ on ! w ( m51 b ea* ( ^! m5 is also consci\s t1 :ile on ! "o h& ! rule applies to o!r m51 on ! o!r h& x applies to himself4 ,"h x might be alleg$ t1 aft] all1 ! m]e fact ( m5's w to h a c]ta9 proc$ure = !mselves & o!rs does n always e/abli% law2 = example1 ! ef=ts ( ! ,bonap>ti/s d n e/abli% ! empire 9 ,france4 ,b x is n :5 ?is b>e w exi/s t law is e/abli%$1 b only :5 a norm is bas$ on ?is w2 t is1 :5 x has 9 its s]vice s great a p[] t x is compet5t to affect ! behavior ( ! m5 to :om x relates4 ,z soon z ,bonap>tism spreads s widely & 9 su* circles t ?is takes place1 ! republic w fall & ! empire w inde$ become law 9 ,france4 ,"o might fur!r appeal to ! fact t 9 unlimit$ mon>*ies 79 ,russia1 = in/ance7 ! law is bas$ solely on ! w ( "o man1 :o is n himself subject to x4 ,b ,russian law is n bas$ on ! cz>'s w at all2 ! cz> is a weak individual man1 & 8 w 9 itself is totally unqualifi$ to affect _m millions ( ,russians 9 _! proc$ure4 ,russian law is bas$ r on ! w ( all ^? ,russians--peasants1 soldi]s1 (ficials--:o1 = ! mo/ v>i\s reasons--patriotism1 self-int]e/1 sup]/ition--w t :at ! cz> wills %all be law 9 ,russia4 ,_! w is qualifi$ to affect ! proc$ure ( ! ,russians2 &1 if !y %\ld ev] gr[ s few t x w\ld no long] h ?is qualification1 !n ! cz>'s w w\ld no long] be law 9 ,russia1 z ! hi/ory ( revolutions proves4 #d4 ,x has be5 ass]t$ t legal norms h /ill o!r qualities4 ,x has be5 said1 fir/1 t x belongs to ! ess5ce ( a legal norm to be en=ceable1 or ev5 to be en=ceable 9 a p>ticul> way1 by judicial proc$ure1 gov]nm5tal =ce4 ,if by ?is we are to und]/& t con=mity c always be en=c$1 we are met at once by ! great numb] ( cases 9 :i* ?is _c be done4 ,:5 a debtor is insolv5t1 or a murd] has be5 committ$1 con=mity to ! violat$ legal norms _c n[ be en=c$ aft] ! fact1 b _! validity is n impair$ by ?is4 ,if by en=ceability we mean t con=mity to a legal norm mu/ be insur$ by o!r legal norms provid+ = ! case ( its violation1 we ne$ only g on f ! insur$ to ! insur+ norms = a :ile1 to come to norms = :i* con=mity is n insur$ by any fur!r legal norms4 ,if "o refuses to recognize ^! norms z legal norms1 !n nei!r c ! norms :i* are insur$ by !m rank z legal norms1 & s1 go+ back along ! s]ies1 "o has at la/ no legal norms left4 ,only if "o w\ld und]/& by ! en=ceability ( ! legal norm t a w mu/ h at its disposal a c]ta9 p[] 9 ord] t a legal norm may be bas$ on x1 "o might c]ta9ly say 9 ?is s5se t en=ceability belongs to ! ess5ce ( a legal norm4 ,b ?is quality ( ! legal norm w\ld be only su* a quality z w\ld be d]ivable f its quality ( be+ a norm1 & w\ld !re=e h no claim to be add$ z a fur!r quality4 ,aga91 x has be5 nam$ an ess5tial quality ( a legal norm t x %\ld be bas$ on ! w ( a ,/ate4 ,b ev5 :]e we _c speak ( a ,/ate at all1 among nomads = in/ance1 !re are yet legal norms4 ,besides1 e ,/ate is itself a legal relation1 e/abli%$ by legal norms1 :i* consequ5tly _c be bas$ on its w4 ,& la/ly1 ! norms ( int]national law1 :i* are int5d$ to b9d ! w ( ,/ates1 _c be bas$ on ! w ( a ,/ate4 ,f9ally1 x has be5 ass]t$ t x 0 ess5tial to a legal norm t x %\ld correspond to ! moral law4 ,if ?is 7 s1 !n among ! diff]5t legal norms :i* to-day are 9 =ce "o directly aft] ! o!r 9 ! same t]ritory1 or at ! same "t 9 diff]5t t]ritories "u ! same circum/ances1 only "o c\ld 9 ea* case be reg>d$ z a legal norm2 = "u ! same circum/ances !re is only "o moral "r4 ,nor c\ld "o speak !n ( unrighte\s legal norms1 = if !y 7 unrighte\s !y w\ld n be legal norms4 ,b 9 reality1 ev5 :5 legal norms det]m9e conduct q diff]5tly "u ! same circum/ances1 !y are all nev]!less recogniz$ z legal norms2 nor is x d\bt$ t !re are bad legal norms z well z good4 #e4 ,z a norm bas$ on ! fact t m5 h ! w to see a c]ta9 proc$ure g5]ally obs]v$ )9 a circle :i* includes !mselves1 ! legal norm is di/+ui%$ f all o!r objects1 ev5 f ^? t mo/ resemble x4 ,by be+ bas$ on ! w ( m5 x is di/+ui%$ f ! moral law 7! comm&m5t ( morality72 ?is is n bas$ on m5's will+ a c]ta9 proc$ure1 b on ! fact t ?is proc$ure corresponds to ! f9al purpose ( all human proc$ure4 ,! maxim1 ,love y\r enemies1 bless ^? :o curse y1 d good to ^? :o hate y1 pray = ^? :o abuse & p]secute y1 is a moral law2 s is ! maxim1 ,act s t ! maxims ( y\r w might at all times s]ve z ! pr9ciples ( a g5]al legislation4 ,= ! correctness ( su* a proc$ure is n f\nd$ on ! fact t o!r m5 w h x1 b on ! fact t x corresponds to ! f9al purpose ( all human proc$ure4 ,by be+ bas$ on ! w ( m5 ! legal norm is di/+ui%$ also f good mann]s2 ^! are n bas$ on ! fact t m5 w a c]ta9 proc$ure1 b on ! fact t !y !mselves proce$ 9 a c]ta9 way4 ,x is mann]s t "o goes to a ball 9 a dress coat & :ite gloves1 uses 8 knife at table only = cutt+1 begs ! daught] ( ! h\se = a dance or at lea/ "o r\nd1 takes leave ( ! ma/] & mi/ress ( ! h\se1 & la/ly presses a tip into ! s]vant's h&2 = ! correctness ( su* a behavior is n bas$ on ! fact t o!r m5 ask ?is ( u1--to ^? :o />t a new fa%ion x is (t5 actually unpleasant to f9d t ! fa%ion is spread+ to m ext5sive circles1--b solely on ! fact t o!r m5 !mselves behave s1 & t we want n to be peculi>1 n to make ourselves conspicu\s1 to d l ! re/1 etc4 ,by be+ bas$ on a w :i* relates at once to ^? ^: w x is & to o!rs ^: w x is n1 x is di/+ui%$ on ! "o h& f an arbitr>y comm&1 9 :i* "o's w applies only to o!rs1 & on ! o!r f a resolution1 9 :i* x applies only to himself4 ,x is an arbitr>y comm& :5 ,cortes ) 8 ,spani>ds comm&s ! ,mexicans to br+ out _! gold1 or :5 a b& ( robb]s =bids a fright5$ peasantry to betray _! hid+-place2 "h a human w decides1 inde$1 b a w t relates only to o!r m51 & n at ! same "t to ^? ^: w x is4 ,a resolution is pres5t$ :5 ,i h decid$ to get up at six e morn+1 or to leave (f smok+1 or to f9i% a piece ( "w )9 a specifi$ "t--"h a human w is inde$ ! /&>d1 b x relates only to him ^: w x is1 n at all to o!rs4 #f4 ,:at is briefly summ$ up 9 ! def9ition ( ! legal norm may1 if "o takes into acc\nt ! explanations :i* h be5 giv5 ) ?is def9ition1 be exp&$ z foll[s3 ,m5 w t a giv5 proc$ure be g5]ally obs]v$ )9 a circle :i* includes !mselves1 & _! p[] is s great t _! w is compet5t to affect ! m5 ( ?is circle 9 _! proc$ure4 ,:5 su* is ! condition ( ?+s1 a legal norm exi/s4 #c4--,,! ,,/ate ,! ,/ate is a legal relation by virtue ( :i* a supreme au?ority exi/s 9 a c]ta9 t]ritory4 #a4 ,! ,/ate is a legal relation4 ,a legal relation is ! relation1 det]m9$ by legal norms1 ( an obligat$ p>ty1 "o to :om a proc$ure is prescrib$1 to an entitl$ p>ty1 "o = ^: sake x is prescrib$4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ! legal relation ( a loan is a relation ( ! borr[]1 :o is b\nd by ! legal norms conc]n+ loans1 to ! l5d]1 = ^: sake he is b\nd4 ,! ,/ate is ! legal relation ( all ! m5 :o by legal norms are subject$ to a supreme t]ritorial au?ority1 to all ^? = ^: sake !y are subject$ to x4 ,"h ! circle ( ! entitl$ & ! obligat$ is "o & ! same2 ! ,/ate is a bond ^u all 9 favor ( all4 ,to ?is x might p]haps be object$ t ! ,/ate is n a legal relation b a p]son4 ,b ! two propositions1 t an association ( m5 is a p]son 9 ! legal s5se & t x is a legal relation1 are q compatible2 nay1 its attribute ( p]sonality is bas$ ma9ly on its attribute ( be+ a legal relation ( a p>ticul> k9d2 law1 9 view+ ! association 9 its outw>d relation%ips z a p]son1 />ts f ! fact t m5 are b\nd toge!r by a p>ticul> legal relation4 ,a jo9t-/ock corporation is a p]son n al?\gh1 b because1 x is a legal relation ( a peculi> k9d4 ,& simil>ly1 ! fact t ! ,/ate is a p]son is n only reconcilable ) its be+ a legal relation1 b is f\nd$ on its be+ a peculi> legal relation4 #b4 ,z to ! conditions ( its exi/5ce1 ?is legal relation is involunt>y4 ,a volunt>y legal relation exi/s :5 legal norms make entrance into ! relation conditional on actions ( ! obligat$ p>ty1 ( :i* actions ! purpose is to br+ ab\t ! legal relation2 = in/ance1 entrance into ! relation ( t5ancy is condition$ on agree+ to a lease4 ,p] contra1 an involunt>y legal relation exi/s :5 legal norms d n make entrance into ! relation conditional on any su* actions ( ! obligat$ p>ty1 z1 = in/ance1 a pat5t is n condition$ on any action ( ^? :o are b\nd by x1 & ! s5t5ce ( a crim9al is at lea/ n condition$ on any action :]eby he int5d$ to br+ x ab\t4 ,if ! ,/ate 7 a volunt>y legal relation1 a supreme au?ority c\ld exi/ only = ^? inhabitants ( a t]ritory :o _h ackn[l$g$ x4 ,b ! supreme au?ority exi/s = all inhabitants ( ! t]ritory1 :e!r !y h ackn[l$g$ x or n2 ! legal relation is !re=e involunt>y4 #c4 ,! sub/ance ( ?is legal relation is1 t a supreme au?ority exi/s 9 a t]ritory4 ,an au?ority exi/s 9 a t]ritory by virtue ( a legal relation :51 accord+ to ! legal norms :i* f\nd ! relation1 ! w ( "s m5--or ev5 m]ely ( a man--is regulative = ! inhabitants ( ?is t]ritory4 ,a supreme au?ority exi/s 9 a t]ritory by virtue ( a legal relation :5 accord+ to ^? norms ! w ( "s m5 is f9ally regulative = ! inhabitants ( ! t]ritory1--t is1 is decisive :5 au?orities disagree4 ,:at we "h designate z a supreme au?ority1 !re=e1 is n ! m5 on ^: w ! legal norms 9 =ce 9 a t]ritory are bas$1 b r _! highe/ ag5ts1 ^: w !y w\ld h f9ally regulative )9 ! t]ritory4 ,:at m5 x is ^: w is f9ally regulative = ! inhabitants ( a t]ritory by virtue ( a legal relation--= in/ance1 memb]s ( a royal family accord+ to a c]ta9 ord] ( inh]itance1 or p]sons elect$ accord+ to a c]ta9 election law--dep5ds on ! legal norms by :i* ! legal relation is det]m9$4 ,on ^! legal norms1 too1 dep5ds ! "q )9 :at limits ! w ( ^! m5 is regulative4 ,b ?is limit$ nature ( ! au?ority does n /& 9 ! way ( its be+ a supreme au?ority2 ! highe/ ag5t ne$ n be an ag5t ) unre/rict$ p[]s4 ,"h "o might p]haps object t 9 f$]al ,/ates1 9 ! ,g]man empire = in/ance1 ! individual ,/ates h n supreme au?ority4 ,b 9 reality !y h x4 ,=1 ev5 if !re are a multitude ( subjects 9 ref]5ce to :i* ! highe/ au?ority ( ! individual ,/ates ( ! ,g]man empire has to b[ to ! imp]ial au?ority1 yet !re are also subjects en\gh ab\t :i* ! highe/ au?ority ( ! individual ,/ates gives a f9al decision4 ,z long z !re are su* subjects1 a supreme au?ority exi/s 9 ! individual ,/ates2 if "s day !re %\ld no long] be su*1 "o c\ld no long] speak ( individual ,/ates4 #d4 ,z a legal relation1 by virtue ( :i* a supreme au?ority exi/s 9 a t]ritory1 ! ,/ate is di/+ui%$ f all o!r objects1 ev5 f ^? t mo/ resemble x4 ,by be+ a legal relation x is di/+ui%$ on ! "o h& f in/itutions su* z w\ld exi/ 9 a conceivable k+dom ( ,god or ( reason1 on ! basis ( ! moral law1 & on ! o!r h& f ! dom9ion ( a conqu]or 9 ! conqu]$ c\ntry1 :i* c nev] be any?+ b an arbitr>y dom9ion4 ,be+ an involunt>y legal relation1 ! ,/ate is di/+ui%$ f a conceivable association ( m5 :o %\ld set up a supreme au?ority among !mselves by an agreem5t1 z well z f leagues "u int]national law1 9 :i* a supreme au?ority exi/s on ! basis ( an agreem5t4 ,! fact t by virtue ( a legal relation an au?ority ov] a t]ritory is giv5 di/+ui%es ! ,/ate f ! tribal community ( nomads & f ! ,*ur*2 = 9 ! =m] !re is giv5 an au?ority ov] p ( a c]ta9 desc5t1 9 ! latt] ov] p ( a c]ta9 fai?1 b 9 nei!r ov] p ( a c]ta9 t]ritory4 ,& f9ally1 9 ! fact t ?is t]ritorial au?ority is a supreme au?ority lies ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,/ate & t[ns1 c\nties1 or prov9ces2 9 ! latt] !re is inde$ a t]ritorial au?ority in/itut$1 b "o t by ! v int5t ( its in/itution mu/ b[ to a high] au?ority4 #e4 ,:at is briefly summ$ up 9 ! def9ition ( ! ,/ate may be exp&$ z foll[s1 if "o takes into consid]ation on ! "o h& ! previ\s def9ition ( a legal norm & on ! o!r h& ! above explanations ( ! def9ition ( ! ,/ate3 ,"s inhabitants ( a t]ritory are s p[]ful t _! w is compet5t to affect ! inhabitants ( ?is t]ritory 9 _! proc$ure1 & ^! m5 w h x t = all ! inhabitants ( ! t]ritory1 = !mselves z well z = ! re/1 ! w ( m5 pick$ out 9 a c]ta9 way %all )9 c]ta9 limits be f9ally regulative4 ,:5 su* is ! condition ( ?+s1 a ,/ate exi/s4 #d4--,,prop]ty ,prop]ty is a legal relation1 by virtue ( :i* "s "o has1 )9 a c]ta9 gr\p ( m51 ! exclusive privilege ( ultimately dispos+ ( a ?+4 #a4 ,prop]ty is a legal relation4 ,z has already be5 /at$1 a legal relation is ! relation ( an obligat$ p>ty1 "o to :om a proc$ure is prescrib$ by legal norms1 to an entitl$ p>ty1 "o = ^: sake x is prescrib$4 ,prop]ty is ! legal relation ( all ! memb]s ( a gr\p ( m5 :o by legal norms are exclud$ f ultimately dispos+ ( a ?+1 to him--or to ^?--= ^: sake !y are exclud$ f x4 ,"h ! circle ( ! obligat$ is mu* broad] ?an t ( ! entitl$2 ! =m] embraces1 say1 all ! inhabitants ( a t]ritory or all :o belong to a tribe1 ! latt] only ^? among !m 9 :om c]ta9 fur!r conditions 7= in/ance1 transf]1 prescription1 appropriation7 are fulfill$4 #b4 ,z to ! conditions ( its exi/5ce1 ?is legal relation is involunt>y4 ,z discussion has already %[n1 a volunt>y legal relation exi/s :5 legal norms make entrance into ! relation conditional on actions ( ! obligat$ p>ty1 ( :i* actions ! purpose is to br+ ab\t ! legal relation2 p] contra1 an involunt>y legal relation exi/s :5 legal norms d n make entrance into ! relation conditional on any su* actions ( ! obligat$ p>ty4 ,if prop]ty 7 a volunt>y legal relation1 !n !re c\ld be exclud$ f ultimately dispos+ ( a ?+ only ^? memb]s ( a gr\p ( m5 :o _h cons5t$ to ?is exclusion4 ,b all memb]s ( ! gr\p--= in/ance1 all ! inhabitants ( a t]ritory1 all :o belong to a tribe--are exclud$1 :e!r !y h cons5t$ or n4 #c4 ,! sub/ance ( ?is legal relation consi/s 9 "s "o's hav+1 )9 a c]ta9 gr\p ( m51 ! exclusive privilege ( ultimately dispos+ ( a ?+4 ,"s "o's hav+1 )9 a c]ta9 gr\p ( m51 ! exclusive privilege ( ultimately dispos+ ( a ?+ means t ?is gr\p is exclud$ f ! ?+ 9 8 favor2 t is1 !y mu/ n h9d] him f deal+ ) ! ?+ accord+ to 8 w1 nor may !y !mselves deal ) x aga9/ 8 w4 ,n[1 ! exclusive disposition ( a ?+ )9 a c]ta9 gr\p ( m5 may by virtue ( a legal relation belong to sev]al1 "p by "p1 9 ?is way3 t "s--or "o--( !m h x 9 ?is or t p>ticul> respect 7= in/ance1 z to ! usufruct71 & "o--or "s--9 all o!r respects :i* are n individually ali5at$4 ,:oev] ?us has1 )9 a gr\p ( m51 ! exclusive disposition ( a ?+ 9 all ^? respects :i* are n individually ali5at$1 to him belongs1 )9 t gr\p1 ! exclusive privilege ( ultimately dispos+ ( ! ?+4 ,to :om ?is belongs by virtue ( ! legal relation--:e!r1 = in/ance1 x belongs among o!rs to him :o by labor has made a ?+ into "s new ?+--dep5ds on ! legal norms by :i* ! legal relation is det]m9$4 ,on !m also dep5ds ! "q1 )9 :at limits ?is belongs to him3 ! dispository au?ority ( him to :om ! exclusive disposition ( a ?+ )9 a gr\p ( m5 ultimately belongs is limit$ n only by ! dispository au?ority ( ^? to :om ! exclusive disposition )9 ! gr\p proximately belongs1 b also by ! limits )9 :i* su* dispository au?ority is at all all[$ to anybody 9 ! gr\p4 ,especially1 x dep5ds on ^! legal norms :e!r a privilege ( exclusive ultimate disposition belongs to individuals z well z to corporations1 or only to corporations1 & :e!r x applies to e k9d ( ?+s or only to "o k9d or ano!r4 #d4 ,z a legal relation by virtue ( :i* "s "o has1 )9 a c]ta9 gr\p ( m51 ! exclusive privilege ( ultimately dispos+ ( a ?+1 prop]ty is di/+ui%$ f all o!r objects1 ev5 f ^? :i* mo/ resemble x4 ,by be+ a legal relation x is di/+ui%$ f all ! relations 9 :i* "o has ! exclusive ultimate disposition ( a ?+ gu>ante$ to him solely by ! reasonabl5ess ( ! m5 :o surr\nd him1 or solely by 8 own might1 z might be ! case 9 a conceivable k+dom ( ,god or ( reason1 & z is (t5 ! case 9 a conqu]$ c\ntry4 ,be+ an involunt>y legal relation1 x is di/+ui%$ f ^? legal relations by virtue ( :i* ! exclusive privilege ( ultimately dispos+ ( a ?+ belongs to "s "o solely on ! gr\nd ( a contract1 & solely z aga9/ ! o!r contract+ p>ties4 ,t by virtue ( ?is legal relation "s "o has1 )9 a gr\p ( m51 ! exclusive privilege ( ultimately dispos+ ( a ?+1 di/+ui%es prop]ty f copyright1 by virtue ( :i* "s "o has exclusively1 )9 a gr\p ( m51 n ! disposition ( a ?+1 b some:at else2 & fur!rmore f rights 9 ! prop]ty ( o!rs1 by virtue ( :i* "s "o has1 )9 a gr\p ( m51 ! exclusive privilege ( dispos+ ( a ?+1 b n ( ultimately dispos+ ( x4 #e4 ,:at is briefly summ$ up 9 ! def9ition ( prop]ty may be exp&$ z foll[s1 if "o takes into consid]ation on ! "o h& ! previ\sly giv5 def9ition ( a legal norm1 & on ! o!r ! above explanations ( ! def9ition ( prop]ty4 ,"s m5 are s p[]ful t _! w is able to affect 9 its proc$ure a gr\p ( m5 :i* embraces !m1 & ^! m5 w h x t no memb] ( ?is gr\p %all1 )9 c]ta9 limits1 h9d] a memb] pick$ out 9 a c]ta9 way f deal+ ) a ?+ accord+ to 8 w1 nor1 )9 ^! limits1 himself deal ) ! ?+ aga9/ ! w ( t memb]1 s f> z ! w ( ano!r memb] is n already 9 p>ticul> respects regulative ) respect to t ?+ equally ) ! w ( t memb]4 ,:5 su* is ! condition ( ?+s1 prop]ty exi/s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,di/+ui%+ ! ,/ate f arbitr>y dom9ion z he "h does 7p4 #cd71 & !n say+ t ,an>*ism consi/s solely 9 ! negation ( ! ,/ate1 ,eltzba*] implies ! uns\nd conclusion t ,an>*ism does n involve ! negation ( arbitr>y dom9ion4 ,?is is because he incauti\sly takes ! ^w ( ! le>n$ public t ! only c>d9al po9ts ( ,an>*ism are law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty1 )\t mak+ sure t ^? :o say ?is are us+ ! t]m ,/ate 9 ! precise s5se def9$ by him4 ,b are n _m ( 8 arbitr>y comm&s law & ,/ate by 8 def9itions8 ,e robb] 9 8 b& 7p4 #ca7 is z mu* requir$ to keep ! secret z are ! peasantry1 & "u ! same p5alties4 ,9 re/ra9+ a subject population ,i re/rict my lib]ty ( emigration or inve/m5t1 & =bid myself to be an accomplice 9 c]ta9 ?+s4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,godw9',s ,,tea*+ #a4--;,,g5]al #a4 ,william ,godw9 0 born 9 #agef at ,wisbea*1 ,cambridge%ire4 ,he /udi$ !ology at ,hoxton1 beg9n+ 9 #aggc4 ,9 #aggh he became prea*] at ,w>e1 ,h]t=d%ire2 9 #aghj1 prea*] at ,/[m>ket1 ,suffolk4 ,9 #aghb he gave up ?is position4 ,f ?is "t on he liv$ 9 ,london z an au?or4 ,he di$ !re 9 #ahcf4 ,godw9 publi%$ num]\s works 9 ! dep>tm5ts ( philosophy1 economics1 & hi/ory2 also /ories1 trag$ies1 & juv5ile books4 #b4 ,godw9's tea*+ ab\t law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty is conta9$ ma9ly 9 ! two-volume "w ,an ,enquiry ,conc]n+ ,political ,ju/ice & its ,influ5ce on ,g5]al ,virtue & ,happ9ess 7#agic74 ,! pr9t+ ( ?is treatise1 says ,godw9 himself1 0 comm5c$ long be=e ! composition 0 f9i%$4 ,! ideas ( ! au?or became m p]spicu\s & dige/$ z 8 inquiries advanc$4 ,?is circum/ance has l$ him into "s inaccuracies ( language & reason+1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! e>li] "p ( ! "w4 ,he did n ent] ^u ! subject )\t be+ aw>e t gov]nm5t by its v nature c\nt]acts ! improvem5t ( individual intellect2 b he und]/ood ! proposition m completely z he proce$$1 & saw m di/9ctly into ! nature ( ! rem$y4#be ,godw9's tea*+ is "h pres5t$ exclusively 9 ! develop$ =m :i* x %[s 9 ! second "p ( ! "w4 #c4 ,godw9 does n call 8 tea*+ ab\t law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty ,an>*ism4 ,yet ?is ^w causes him no t]ror4 ,an>*y is a horrible calamity1 b x is less horrible ?an despotism4 ,:]e an>*y has sla9 its hundr$s1 despotism has sacrific$ millions ^u millions1 ) ?is only effect1 to p]petuate ! ignorance1 ! vices1 & ! mis]y ( mank9d4 ,an>*y is a %ort-liv$ mis*ief1 :ile despotism is all b immortal4 ,x is unque/ionably a dreadful rem$y1 = ! p to yield to all _! furi\s passions1 till ! spectacle ( _! effects gives /r5g? to recov]+ reason3 b1 ?\gh x be a dreadful rem$y1 x is a sure "o4#bf #b4--;,,basis ,accord+ to ,godw91 our supreme law is ! g5]al welf>e4 ,:at is ! g5]al welf>e8 ,its nature is def9$ by ! nature ( m9d4#bg ,x is un*angeable2 z long z m5 are m5 x rema9s ! same4#bh ,t w mo/ contribute to x :i* exp&s ! und]/&+1 supplies incitem5ts to virtue1 fills u ) a g5]\s consci\sness ( our indep5d5ce1 & c>efully removes :atev] c imp$e our ex]tions4#bi ,! g5]al welf>e is our supreme law4 ,duty is t mode ( action on ! "p ( ! individual1 :i* con/itutes ! be/ possible application ( 8 capacity to ! g5]al b5efit4#cj ,ju/ice is ! sum ( all moral duty2#ca if !re be su* a ?+1 ,i am b\nd to d = ! g5]al weal ev]y?+ 9 my p[]4#cb ,virtue is a desire to promote ! b5efit ( intellig5t be+s 9 g5]al1 ! quantity ( virtue be+ z ! quantity ( desire2#cc ! la/ p]fection ( ?is feel+ consi/s 9 t /ate ( m9d :i* bids u rejoice z fully 9 ! good t is done by o!rs1 z if x 7 done by ourselves4#cd ,! truly wise man#ce /rives only = ! welf>e ( ! :ole4 ,he is actuat$ nei!r by int]e/ nor ambition1 ! love ( honor nor ! love ( fame4 ,he kn[s no jeal\sy4 ,he is n disquiet$ by ! comp>ison ( :at he has atta9$ ) :at o!rs h atta9$1 b by ! comp>ison ) :at ought to be atta9$4 ,he has a duty inde$ oblig+ him to seek ! good ( ! :ole2 b t good is 8 only object4 ,if t good be effect$ by ano!r h&1 he feels no disappo9tm5t4 ,all m5 are 8 fell[ labor]s1 b he is ! rival ( no man4#cf #c4--,,law ,i4 ,look+ to ! g5]al good1 ,godw9 rejects law1 n only = p>ticul> local & tempor>y conditions1 b altoge!r4 ,law is an in/itution ( ! mo/ p]nici\s t5d5cy4#cg ,! in/itution once begun1 c nev] be br\ght to a close4 ,no action ( any man 0 ev] ! same z any o!r action1 _h ev] ! same degree ( utility or injury4 ,z new cases occur1 ! law is p]petually f\nd defici5t4 ,x is !re=e p]petually necess>y to make new laws4 ,! volume 9 :i* ju/ice records h] prescriptions is = ev] increas+1 & ! _w w\ld n conta9 ! books t might be writt54#ch ,! consequ5ce ( ! inf9itude ( law is its unc]ta9ty4 ,law 0 made t a pla9 man might "k :at he _h to expect1 & yet ! mo/ skilful practition]s diff] ab\t ! ev5t ( my suit4#ci ,a f>!r consid]ation is t x is ( ! nature ( prophecy4 ,its task is to describe :at w be ! actions ( mank9d1 & to dictate decisions respect+ !m4#dj ,law we sometimes call ! wisdom ( our ance/ors4 ,b ?is is a /range imposition4 ,x 0 z frequ5tly ! dictate ( _! passion1 ( timidity1 jeal\sy1 a monopoliz+ _s1 & a lu/ ( p[] t knew no b\nds4 ,are we n oblig$ p]petually to revise & remodel ?is misnam$ wisdom ( our ance/ors8 to correct x by a detection ( _! ignorance1 & a c5sure ( _! intol]ance8#da ,legislation1 z x has be5 usually und]/ood1 is n an affair ( human compet5ce4 ,reason is our sole legislator1 & h] decrees are un*angeable & ev]y:]e ! same4#db ,m5 _c d m ?an decl>e & int]pret law2 nor c !re be an au?ority s p>am\nt1 z to h ! pr]ogative ( mak+ t to be law1 :i* ab/ract & immutable ju/ice _h n made to be law previ\sly to t int]position4#dc ,to be sure1 x mu/ be admitt$ t we are imp]fect1 ignorant1 & slaves ( appe>ances4#dd ,b :atev] inconv5i5ces may arise f ! passions ( m51 ! introduction ( fix$ laws _c be ! g5u9e rem$y4#de ,z long z a man is held 9 ! trammels ( ob$i5ce1 & habituat$ to look to "s =eign guidance = ! direction ( 8 conduct1 8 und]/&+ & ! vigor ( 8 m9d w sleep4 ,d ,i desire to raise him to ! en]gy ( :i* he is capable8 ,i mu/ tea* him to feel himself1 to b[ to no au?ority1 to exam9e ! pr9ciples he ent]ta9s1 & r5d] to 8 m9d ! reason ( 8 conduct4#df ,,ii4 ,! g5]al welf>e requires t 9 future x itself %\ld be m5's rule ( action 9 place ( ! law4 ,if e %ill+ ( our prop]ty1 e h\r ( our "t1 & e faculty ( our m9d1 h receiv$ _! de/9ation f ! pr9ciples ( unalt]able ju/ice1#dg t is1 ( ! g5]al good1#dh !n no o!r decree c any long] control x4 ,! true pr9ciple :i* ought to be sub/itut$ 9 ! room ( law1 is t ( reason ex]cis+ an uncontroll$ jurisdiction ^u ! circum/ances ( ! case4#di ,to ?is pr9ciple no objection c arise on ! score ( wisdom4 ,x is n to be suppos$ t !re are n m5 n[ exi/+1 ^: intellectual accompli%m5ts rise to ! level ( law4 ,b1 if m5 c be f\nd among u ^: wisdom is equal to ! wisdom ( law1 x w sc>cely be ma9ta9$1 t ! tru?s !y h to communicate w be ! worse = hav+ no au?ority1 b t :i* !y d]ive f ! reasons t support !m4#ej ,! juridical decisions t 7 made imm$iately aft] ! abolition ( law1 w\ld diff] little f ^? dur+ its empire4 ,!y w\ld be ! decisions ( prejudice & habit4 ,b habit1 hav+ lo/ ! c5tre ab\t :i* x revolv$1 w\ld dim9i% 9 ! regul>ity ( its op]ations4 ,^? to :om ! arbitration ( any "q 0 entru/$ w\ld frequ5tly recollect t ! :ole case 0 committ$ to _! delib]ation1 & !y c\ld n fail occasionally to exam9e !mselves1 respect+ ! reason ( ^? pr9ciples :i* _h hi!rto pass$ uncontrov]t$4 ,_! und]/&+s w\ld gr[ enl>g$1 9 proportion z !y felt ! importance ( _! tru/1 & ! unb\nd$ fre$om ( _! inve/igation4 ,"h !n w\ld comm5ce an auspici\s ord] ( ?+s1 ( :i* no und]/&+ man at pres5t 9 exi/5ce c =etell ! result1 ! de?ronem5t ( implicit fai?1 & ! inauguration ( uncl\d$ ju/ice4#ea #d4--,,! ,,/ate ,i4 ,s9ce ,godw9 unconditionally rejects law1 he necess>ily has to reject ! ,/ate z unconditionally4 ,nay1 he reg>ds x z a legal in/itution peculi>ly repugnant to ! g5]al welf>e4 ,"s base ! ,/ate on =ce1 o!rs on div9e "r1 o!rs on contract4#eb ,b ! hypo!sis ( =ce appe>s to proce$ ^u ! total negation ( ab/ract & immutable ju/ice1 affirm+ e gov]nm5t to be "r1 t is possess$ ( p[] suffici5t to en=ce its decrees4 ,x puts a viol5t t]m9ation ^u all political sci5ce1 & is calculat$ = no?+ f>!r ?an to p]suade m51 to sit d[n quietly "u _! pres5t disadvantages1 :atev] !y may be1 & n ex]t !mselves to discov] a rem$y = ! evils !y suff]4 ,! second hypo!sis is ( an equivocal nature4 ,x ei!r co9cides ) ! fir/1 & affirms all exi/+ p[] to be alike ( div9e d]ivation2 or x mu/ rema9 totally useless1 till a crit]ion c be f\nd1 to di/+ui% ^? gov]nm5ts :i* are approv$ by ,god1 f ^? :i* _c lay claim to t sanction4#ec ,! ?ird hypo!sis w\ld mean t "o %\ld make ov] to ano!r ! control ( 8 consci5ce & ! judg+ ( 8 duties4#ed ,b we _c r5\nce our moral indep5d5ce2 x is a prop]ty t we c nei!r sell nor give away2 & consequ5tly no gov]nm5t c d]ive its au?ority f an orig9al contract4#ee ,all gov]nm5t corresponds 9 a c]ta9 degree to :at ! ,greeks d5om9at$ a tyranny4 ,! diff]5ce is1 t 9 despotic c\ntries m9d is depress$ by a uni=m usurpation2 :ile 9 republics x pres]ves a great] portion ( its activity1 & ! usurpation m easily con=ms itself to ! fluctuations ( op9ion4#ef ,by its v nature positive in/itution has a t5d5cy to susp5d ! ela/icity & progress ( m9d4#eg ,we %\ld n =get t gov]nm5t is1 ab/ract$ly tak51 an evil1 a usurpation ^u ! private judgm5t & individual consci5ce ( mank9d4#eh ,,ii4 ,! g5]al welf>e dem&s t a social human life bas$ solely on its precepts %\ld take ! place ( ! ,/ate4 #a4 ,m5 are to live toge!r 9 society ev5 aft] ! abolition ( ! ,/ate4 ,a fundam5tal di/9ction exi/s betwe5 society & gov]nm5t4 ,m5 associat$ at fir/ = ! sake ( mutual assi/ance4#ei ,x 0 n till lat] t re/ra9t appe>$ 9 ^! associations1 9 consequ5ce ( ! errors & p]v]s5ess ( a few4 ,society & gov]nm5t are diff]5t 9 !mselves1 & h diff]5t orig9s4 ,society is produc$ by our wants1 & gov]nm5t by our wick$ness4 ,society is 9 e /ate a bless+2 gov]nm5t ev5 9 its be/ /ate b a necess>y evil4#fj ,b :at is to hold m5 toge!r 9 society )\t gov]nm5t8#fa ,n a promise1#fb at any rate4 ,no promise c b9d me2 = ei!r :at ,i h promis$ is good1 !n ,i mu/ d x ev5 if !re _h be5 no promise2 or x is bad1 !n n ev5 ! promise c make x my duty4#fc ,! fact t ,i h committ$ an error does n oblige me to make myself guilty ( a second also4#fd ,suppose ,i _h promis$ a sum ( money = a good & wor?y object4 ,9 ! int]val betwe5 ! promise & its fulfilm5t a great] & nobl] object pres5ts itself to me1 & imp]i\sly dem&s my co-op]ation4 ,to :i* %all ,i give ! pref]5ce8 ,to ! "o t des]ves x4 ,my promise c make no diff]5ce4 ,i mu/ be guid$ by ! value ( ?+s1 n by an ext]nal & ali5 po9t ( view4 ,b ! value ( ?+s is n affect$ by my hav+ tak5 ^u me an obligation4#fe ,common delib]ation reg>d+ ! g5]al good#ff is to hold m5 toge!r 9 societies h]eaft]4 ,?is is highly 9 h>mony ) ! g5]al welf>e4 ,t a nation %\ld ex]cise undim9i%$ its function ( common delib]ation1 is a /ep ga9$1 & a /ep t inevitably leads to an improvem5t ( ! "* ( individuals4 ,t m5 %\ld agree 9 ! ass]tion ( tru?1 is no unpleas+ evid5ce ( _! virtue4 ,la/ly1 t an individual1 h[ev] great may be 8 imag9>y elevation1 %\ld be oblig$ to yield 8 p]sonal pret5sions to ! s5se ( ! community1 at lea/ be>s ! appe>ance ( a practical confirmation ( ! great pr9ciple1 t all private consid]ations mu/ yield to ! g5]al good4#fg #b4 ,! societies are to be small1 & to h z little int]c\rse ) ea* o!r z possible4 ,small t]ritories are ev]y:]e to adm9i/] _! affairs indep5d5tly4#fh ,no association ( m51 s long z !y adh]$ to ! pr9ciples ( reason1 c\ld possibly h any int]e/ 9 ext5d+ _! t]ritory4#fi ,:atev] evils are includ$ 9 ! ab/ract idea ( gov]nm5t1 are all ( !m extremely aggravat$ by ! ext5siv5ess ( its jurisdiction1 & s(t5$ "u circum/ances ( an opposite species4 ,ambition1 :i* may be no less =midable ?an a pe/il5ce 9 ! =m]1 has no room to unfold itself 9 ! latt]4 ,popul> commotion is l ! waves ( ! sea1 capable :]e ! surface is l>ge ( produc+ ! mo/ tragical effects1 b mild & innocu\s :5 conf9$ )9 ! circuit ( a humble lake4 ,sobriety & equity are ! obvi\s *>act]i/ics ( a limit$ circle4#gj--,! desire to ga9 a m ext5sive t]ritory1 to conqu] or to hold 9 awe our neighbor+ ,/ates1 to surpass !m 9 arts or arms1 is a desire f\nd$ 9 prejudice & error4 ,p[] is n happ9ess4 ,security & peace are m to be desir$ ?an a "n at :i* nations tremble4 ,mank9d are bre?r54 ,we associate 9 a p>ticul> di/rict or "u a p>ticul> climate1 because association is necess>y to our int]nal tranquillity1 or to def5d u aga9/ ! wanton attacks ( a common enemy4 ,b ! rival%ip ( nations is a creature ( ! imag9ation4#ga ,! little indep5d5tly-adm9i/]$ t]ritories are to h z little to d ) ea* o!r z possible4 ,individuals _c h too frequ5t or unlimit$ int]c\rse ) ea* o!r2 b societies ( m5 h no int]e/s to expla9 & adju/1 except s f> z error & viol5ce may r5d] explanation necess>y4 ,?is consid]ation annihilates at once ! pr9cipal objects ( t my/]i\s & crook$ policy :i* has hi!rto occupi$ ! att5tion ( gov]nm5ts4 ,be=e ?is pr9ciple (fic]s ( ! army & ! navy1 ambassadors & negotiators1 & all ! tra9 ( artifices t has be5 inv5t$ to hold o!r nations at bay1 to p5etrate _! secrets1 to trav]se _! ma*9ations1 to =m alliances & c\nt]-alliances1 s9k into no?+4#gb #c4 ,b h[ are ! functions t ! ,/ate p]=ms at pres5t to be p]=m$ 9 ! future societies8 ,gov]nm5t c h no m ?an two legitimate purposes1 ! suppression ( inju/ice aga9/ individuals )9 ! community 7:i* includes ! settl+ ( controv]sies betwe5 diff]5t di/ricts#gc71 & ! common def5ce aga9/ ext]nal invasion4#gd ,! fir/ ( ^! purposes1 :i* alone c h an un9t]rupt$ claim ^u u1 is suffici5tly answ]$ by an association ( su* an ext5t z to af=d room = ! in/itution ( a jury1 to decide ^u ! (f5ces ( individuals )9 ! community1 & ^u ! que/ions & controv]sies respect+ prop]ty :i* may *ance to arise4#ge ,?is jury w\ld decide n accord+ to any sy/em ( law1 b accord+ to reason4#gf--;,x might be easy inde$ = an (f5d] to escape f ! limits ( s petty a jurisdiction2 & x might seem necess>y at fir/ t ! neighbor+ p>i%es or jurisdictions %\ld be gov]n$ 9 a simil> mann]1 or at lea/ %\ld be will+1 :atev] 0 _! =m ( gov]nm5t1 to co-op]ate ) u 9 ! removal or re=mation ( an (f5d] ^: pres5t habits 7 alike injuri\s to u & to !m4 ,b !re w be no ne$ ( any express compact1 & /ill less ( any common c5tre ( au?ority1 = ?is purpose4 ,g5]al ju/ice & mutual int]e/ are f\nd m capable ( b9d+ m5 ?an signatures & seals4#gg ,! second function w\ld pres5t itself to u only f "t to "t4 ,h[ev] irrational might be ! controv]sy ( p>i% ) p>i% 9 su* a /ate ( society1 x w\ld n be ! less possible4 ,su* em]g5cies c only be provid$ aga9/ by ! conc]t ( sev]al di/ricts1 decl>+ &1 if ne$ful1 en=c+ ! dictates ( ju/ice4#gh ,=eign invasions too w\ld make su* a conc]t necess>y1 & w\ld to ?is ext5t resemble ^? controv]sies4#gi ,!re=e x w\ld be necess>y ^u c]ta9 occasions to h rec\rse to national assemblies1 or 9 o!r words assemblies in/itut$ = ! jo9t purpose ( adju/+ ! diff]5ces betwe5 di/rict & di/rict1 & ( consult+ respect+ ! be/ mode ( repell+ =eign invasion4#hj--;,b !y ought to be employ$ z sp>+ly z ! nature ( ! case w admit4#ha ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! decision is giv5 by ! numb] ( votes1 & is det]m9$1 at be/1 by ! weake/ heads 9 ! assembly1 b1 z x n less frequ5tly happ5s1 by ! mo/ corrupt & di%onorable int5tions4#hb ,9 ! second place1 z a rule ! memb]s are guid$ 9 _! decisions by all sorts ( ext]nal reasons1 & n solely by ! results ( _! free reflection4#hc ,9 ! ?ird place1 !y are =c$ to wa/e _! /r5g? on petty matt]s1 :ile !y _c possibly let !mselves be quietly influ5c$ by argum5t4#hd ,!re=e national assemblies %\ld ei!r nev] be elect$ b ^u extraord9>y em]g5cies1 l ! dictator ( ! anci5t ,romans1 or else sit p]iodically1 "o day = example 9 a ye>1 ) a p[] ( cont9u+ _! sessions )9 a c]ta9 limit4 ,! =m] is greatly to be pref]r$4#he ,b :at w\ld be ! au?ority ( ^! national assemblies & ^? juries8 ,mank9d is s corrupt$ by pres5t in/itutions t at fir/ ! issu+ ( comm&s1 & "s degree ( co]cion1 w\ld be necess>y2 b lat] x w\ld be suffici5t = juries to recomm5d a c]ta9 mode ( adju/+ controv]sies1 & = national assemblies to invite _! con/itu5cies to co-op]ate = ! common advantage4#hf ,if juries might at l5g? cease to decide & be cont5t$ to invite1 if =ce might gradually be )drawn & reason tru/$ alone1 %all we n "o day f9d t juries !mselves1 & e o!r species ( public in/itution1 may be laid aside z unnecess>y8 ,w n ! reason+s ( "o wise man be z effectual z ^? ( twelve8 ,w n ! compet5ce ( "o individual to in/ruct 8 neighbors be a matt] ( suffici5t notoriety1 )\t ! =mality ( an election8 ,w !re be _m vices to correct & mu* ob/9acy to conqu]8 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ memorable /ages ( human improvem5t4 ,) :at delight mu/ e well-in=m$ fri5d ( mank9d look =w>d to ! auspici\s p]iod1 ! dissolution ( political gov]nm5t1 ( t brute eng9e1 :i* has be5 ! only p]5nial cause ( ! vices ( mank9d1 & :i* has mis*iefs ( v>i\s sorts incorporat$ ) its sub/ance1 & no o!rwise to be remov$ ?an by its utt] annihilation6#hg #e4--,,prop]ty ,i4 ,9 consequ5ce ( 8 unconditional rejection ( law1 ,godw9 necess>ily has to reject prop]ty also )\t any limitation4 ,nay1 prop]ty1 or1 z he expresses himself1 ! pres5t sy/em ( prop]ty1#hh--t is1 ! di/ribution ( weal? at pres5t e/abli%$ by law1--appe>s to him to be a legal in/itution t is peculi>ly injuri\s to ! g5]al welf>e4 ,! wisdom ( law-mak]s & p>liam5ts has be5 appli$ to creat+ ! mo/ wret*$ & s5seless di/ribution ( prop]ty1 :i* mocks alike at human nature & at ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice4#hi ,! pres5t sy/em ( prop]ty di/ributes commodities 9 ! mo/ unequal & mo/ arbitr>y way4 ,on acc\nt ( ! accid5t ( bir?1 x piles ^u a s+le man enorm\s weal?4 ,if "o :o has be5 a begg> becomes a well-to-d man1 we usually "k t he has n precisely 8 hone/y or usefulness to ?ank = ?is *ange4 ,x is (t5 h>d en\gh = ! mo/ dilig5t & indu/ri\s memb] ( society to pres]ve 8 family f />vation4#ij ,& if ,i receive ! rew>d ( my "w1 !y give me a hundr$ times m food ?an ,i c eat1 & a hundr$ times m clo!s ?an ,i c we>4 ,:]e is ! ju/ice 9 ?is8 ,if ,i am ! greate/ b5efactor ( ! human race1 is t a reason = giv+ me :at ,i d n ne$1 especially :5 my sup]fluity might be ( ! greate/ use to ?\s&s8#ia ,?is unequal di/ribution ( commodities is altoge!r oppos$ to ! g5]al welf>e4 ,x hamp]s intellectual progress4 ,accumulat$ prop]ty treads ! p[]s ( ?\ght 9 ! du/1 ext+ui%es ! sp>ks ( g5ius1 & r$uces ! great mass ( mank9d to be imm]s$ 9 sordid c>es1 beside depriv+ ! ri* ( ! mo/ salubri\s & effectual motives to activity4#ib ,& ! ri* man c buy ) 8 sup]fluity no?+ b glitt] & envy1 no?+ b ! dismal pleasure ( re/or+ to ! poor man z alms t to :i* reason gives him an und5iable "r4#ic ,b ! unequal di/ribution ( commodities is also a h9drance to moral p]fection4 ,9 ! ri* x produces ambition1 vanity1 & o/5tation2 9 ! poor1 oppression1 s]vility1 & fraud1 &1 9 consequ5ce ( ^!1 envy1 malice1 & rev5ge4#id ,! ri* man /&s =w>d z ! pr9cipal object ( g5]al e/eem & def]5ce4 ,9 va9 are sobriety1 integrity1 & indu/ry1 9 va9 ! sublime/ p[]s ( m9d & ! mo/ ard5t b5evol5ce1 if _! possessor be n>r[$ 9 8 circum/ances4 ,to acquire weal? & to display x1 is !re=e ! univ]sal passion4#ie ,=ce w\ld h di$ away z reason & civilization advanc$1 b accumulat$ prop]ty has fix$ its empire4#if ,! fruitful s\rce ( crimes consi/s 9 ?is circum/ance1 "o man's possess+ 9 abundance t ( :i* ano!r man is de/itute4#ig ,,ii4 ,! g5]al welf>e dem&s t a di/ribution ( commodities bas$ solely on its precepts %\ld take ! place ( prop]ty4 ,:5 ,godw9 uses ! expression prop]ty = t portion ( commodities :i* is assign$ to an individual by ^! precepts1 he does s only 9 a transf]r$ s5se2 only a portion assign$ by law c be designat$ z prop]ty 9 ! /rict s5se4 ,n[1 accord+ to ! decrees ( ! g5]al welf>e1 e man %\ld h ! means = a good life4 #a4 ,h[ is x to be decid$ :e!r an object t may be us$ = ! b5efit ( man %all be my prop]ty or y\rs8 ,!re is only "o answ]2 accord+ to ju/ice4#ih ,! laws ( diff]5t c\ntries dispose ( prop]ty 9 a ?\s& diff]5t ways2 b only "o ( !m c be mo/ consonant ) ju/ice4#ii ,ju/ice dem&s 9 ! fir/ place t e man h ! means = life4 ,our animal ne$s1 x is well kn[n1 consi/ 9 food1 clo?+1 & %elt]4 ,if ju/ice means any?+1 no?+ c be m unju/ ?an t any man lacks ^! & at ! same "t ano!r has too mu* ( !m4 ,b ju/ice does n /op "h4 ,s f> z ! g5]al /ock ( commodities holds out1 e "o has a claim n only to ! means = life1 b to ! means = a good life4 ,x is unju/ t a man works to ! po9t ( de/roy+ 8 heal? or 8 life1 :ile ano!r riots 9 sup]fluity4 ,x is unju/ t a man has n leisure to cultivate 8 m9d1 :ile ano!r does n move a f+] = ! g5]al welf>e4#ajj #b4 ,su* a /ate ( equality#aja w\ld advance ! g5]al welf>e 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,9 x labor w\ld become s light1 z r to assume ! appe>ance ( agreeable relaxation1 & g5tle ex]cise4#ajb ,e man w\ld h a frugal1 yet :olesome diet2 e man w\ld g =? to t mod]ate ex]cise ( 8 corporal functions t w\ld give hil>ity to ! spirits2 none w\ld be made torpid ) fatigue1 b all w\ld h leisure to cultivate ! k9dly & philan?ropical affections1 & to let loose 8 faculties 9 ! se>* ( intellectual improvem5t4#ajc ,h[ rapid w\ld be ! advances ( intellect1 if all m5 7 admitt$ into ! field ( k6 ,x is to be presum$ t ! inequality ( m9d w\ld 9 a c]ta9 degree be p]man5t2 b x is reasonable to believe t ! g5iuses ( su* an age w\ld f> surpass ! greate/ ex]tions ( intellect t are at pres5t kn[n4#ajd ,& ! moral progress w\ld be z great z ! intellectual4 ,! vices :i* are insep>ably jo9$ to ! pres5t sy/em ( prop]ty w\ld inevitably expire 9 a /ate ( society :]e m5 liv$ 9 ! mid/ ( pl5ty1 & :]e all %>$ alike ! b\nties ( nature4 ,! n>r[ pr9ciple ( selfi%ness w\ld vani%4 ,no man be+ oblig$ to gu>d 8 little /ore1 or provide ) anxiety & pa9 = 8 re/less wants1 ea* w\ld lose 8 individual exi/5ce 9 ! ?\ght ( ! g5]al good4 ,no man w\ld be an enemy to 8 neighbor1 = !y w\ld h no subject ( cont5tion2 & ( consequ5ce philan?ropy w\ld resume ! empire :i* reason assigns h]4#aje #c4 ,b h[ c\ld su* a di/ribution ( commodities be effect$ 9 a p>ticul> case8 ,z soon z law 0 aboli%$1 m5 w\ld beg9 to inquire aft] equity4 ,9 ?is situation let u suppose a litigat$ succession br\ght be=e !m1 to :i* !re 7 five heirs1 & t ! s5t5ce ( _! old legislation _h direct$ ! division ( ?is prop]ty into five equal %>es4 ,!y w\ld beg9 to inquire into ! wants & situation ( ! claimants4 ,! fir/ we w suppose to h a fair "* & be prosp]\s 9 ! _w3 he is a respectable memb] ( society1 b f>!r weal? w\ld add little ei!r to 8 usefulness or 8 enjoym5ts4 ,! second is a mis]able object1 p]i%+ ) want1 & ov]:elm$ ) calamity4 ,! ?ird1 ?\gh poor1 is yet tranquil2 b !re is a situation to :i* 8 virtue leads him to aspire & 9 :i* he may be ( uncommon s]vice1 b :i* he _c ) propriety accept1 )\t a capital equal to two-fif?s ( ! :ole succession4 ,"o ( ! claimants is an unm>ri$ woman pa/ ! age ( *ild-be>+4 ,ano!r is a wid[1 unprovid$1 & ) a num]\s family dep5d+ on h] succor4 ,! fir/ "q t w\ld sugge/ itself to unprejudic$ p]sons hav+ ! allotm5t ( ?is succession ref]r$ to _! unlimit$ decision1 w\ld be1 :at ju/ice is !re 9 ! indiscrim9ate p>tition :i* has hi!rto prevail$8#ajf ,& _! answ] c\ld n be d\btful4 #f4--,,realization4 ,! *ange :i* is call$ = by ! g5]al welf>e %\ld1 accord+ to ,godw91 be effect$ by ^? :o h recogniz$ ! tru? p]suad+ o!rs h[ necess>y ! *ange is = ! g5]al welf>e1 s t law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty w\ld spontane\sly disappe> & ! new condition w\ld take _! place4 ,i4 ,! sole requirem5t is to conv9ce m5 t ! g5]al welf>e dem&s ! *ange4 #a4 ,e o!r way is to be reject$4 ,our judgm5t w always suspect ^? weapons t c be us$ ) equal prospect ( success on bo? sides4 ,!re=e we %\ld reg>d all =ce ) av]sion4 ,:5 we ent] ! li/s ( battle1 we quit ! sure doma9 ( tru? & leave ! decision to ! caprice ( *ance4 ,! phalanx ( reason is invuln]able2 x moves =w>d ) calm1 sure /ep1 & no?+ c )/& x4 ,b1 :5 we lay aside argum5ts1 & h rec\rse to ! sword1 ! case is alt]$4 ,amid/ ! clamor\s d9 ( civil w>1 :o %all tell :e!r ! ev5t w be prosp]\s or adv]se8 ,we mu/ !re=e di/+ui% c>efully betwe5 in/ruct+ ! p & excit+ !m4 ,we mu/ refuse indignation1 rage1 & passion1 & desire only sob] reflection1 cle> judgm5t1 & fe>less discussion4#ajg #b4 ,! po9t is to conv9ce m5 z g5]ally z possible4 ,only :5 ?is is accompli%$ c acts ( viol5ce be avoid$4 ,:y did ! revolution 9 ,france & ,am]ica f9d all sorts & conditions ( m5 almo/ unanim\s1 :ile ! resi/ance to ,*>les ! ,fir/ divid$ our nation into two equal p>ties8 ,because ! latt] occurr$ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! =m] at ! end ( ! eighte5?4 ,because at ! "t ( ! revolutions 9 ,france & ,am]ica philosophy _h already develop$ "s ( ! great tru?s ( political sci5ce1 & "u ! influ5ce ( ,sydney & ,locke1 ( ,montesquieu & ,r\sseau1 a numb] ( /rong & ?\ghtful m9ds _h p]ceiv$ :at an evil =ce is4 ,if ^! revolutions _h tak5 place /ill lat]1 n a drop ( civic blood w\ld h be5 %$ by civic h&s1 n 9 a s+le case w\ld =ce h be5 us$ aga9/ p]sons or ?+s4#ajh #c4 ,! means to conv9ce m5 z g5]ally z possible ( ! necessity ( a *ange consi/ 9 pro( & p]suasion4 ,! be/ w>rant ( a happy outcome lies 9 free1 unre/rict$ discussion4 ,9 ?is ar5a tru? mu/ always be victor4 ,if1 !re=e1 we w\ld improve ! social in/itutions ( mank9d1 we mu/ seek to conv9ce by spok5 & writt5 words4 ,?is activity has no limits2 ?is endeavor admits ( no int]ruption4 ,e means mu/ be us$1 n s mu* to draw m5's att5tion & br+ !m ov] to our op9ion by p]suasion1 z r to remove e b>ri] to ?\ght & to op5 to ev]ybody ! temple ( sci5ce & ! field ( /udy4#aji ,!re=e ! man :o has at he>t ! reg5]ation ( 8 species %\ld always be> 9 m9d two pr9ciples1 to reg>d h\rly progress 9 ! discov]y & dissem9ation ( tru? z ess5tial1 & calmly to let ye>s pass be=e he urges ! c>ry+ into effect ( 8 tea*+4 ,) all 8 prud5ce1 x may be t ! boi/]\s multitude w hurry ahead ( ! calm1 quiet progress ( reason2 !n he w n condemn ! revolution t takes place "s ye>s be=e ! "t set by wisdom4 ,b if he is rul$ by /rict prud5ce he c )\t d\bt fru/rate _m ov]-ha/y attempts1 & consid]ably prolong ! g5]al quietness4#aaj ,?is does n mean1 z "o might ?9k1 t ! *ang+ ( our conditions lies at an immeasurable di/ance4 ,x is ! nature ( human affairs t great alt]ations take place sudd5ly1 & great discov]ies are made unexpect$ly1 z x 7 accid5tally4 ,:5 ,i cultivate a "y p]son's m9d1 :5 ,i ex]t myself to influ5ce t ( an old] p]son1 x w long seem z if ,i _h accompli%$ little1 & ! fruits w %[ !mselves :5 ,i lea/ expect !m4 ,! k+dom ( tru? comes quietly4 ,! se$ ( virtue may spr+ up :5 x 0 fanci$ to be lo/4#aaa ,if ! true philan?ropi/ b tirelessly proclaims ! tru? & vigilantly opposes all t h9d]s its progress1 he may look =w>d1 ) he>t at re/1 to a spe$y & favorable outcome4#aab ,,ii4 ,z soon z ! conviction t ! g5]al welf>e dem&s a *ange 9 our condition has made itself g5]ally felt1 law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty w disappe> spontane\sly & give way to ! new condition4 ,re=m1 "u ?is mean+ ( ! t]m1 c sc>cely be consid]$ z ( ! nature ( action4 ,x is a g5]al enlight5m5t4 ,m5 feel _! situation2 & ! re/ra9ts t %ackl$ !m be=e1 vani% l a deception4 ,:5 su* a crisis has arriv$1 n a sword w ne$ to be drawn1 n a f+] to be lift$ up 9 purposes ( viol5ce4 ,! adv]s>ies w be too few & too feeble1 to be able to ent]ta9 a s]i\s ?\ght ( resi/ance aga9/ ! univ]sal s5se ( mank9d4#aac ,9 :at way may ! *ange ( our conditions take place8 #a4 ,! op9ion mo/ popul> 9 ,france at ! "t t ! national conv5tion ent]$ ^u its functions1 0 t ! bus9ess ( ! conv5tion ext5d$ only to ! pres5t+ a draft ( a con/itution1 to be submitt$ 9 ! sequel to ! approbation ( ! di/ricts1 & !n only to be consid]$ z law4#aad ,! fir/ idea t sugge/s itself respect+ ?is op9ion is1 t1 if con/itutional laws ought to be subject$ to ! revision ( ! di/ricts1 !n all laws ought to und]go ! same process4 ,b if ! approbation ( ! di/ricts to any decl>ations is n to be delusive1 ! discussion ( ^! decl>ations 9 ! di/ricts mu/ be unlimit$4 ,!n a transaction w be begun to :i* x is n easy to =esee a t]m9ation4 ,"s di/ricts w object to c]ta9 articles2 &1 if ^! articles be model$ to obta9 _! approbation1 x is possible t ! v alt]ation introduc$ to please "o "p ( ! community may r5d] ! code less acceptable to ano!r4#aae ,?is pr9ciple ( a cons5t ( di/ricts has an imm$iate t5d5cy1 by a salut>y gradation p]haps1 to lead to ! dissolution ( all gov]nm5t4#aaf ,x is inde$ desirable t ! mo/ important acts ( ! national repres5tatives %\ld be subject to ! approbation or rejection ( ! di/ricts ^: repres5tatives !y are1 = exactly ! same reason z x is desirable t ! acts ( ! di/ricts !mselves %\ld1 z spe$ily z practicability w admit1 be 9 =ce only s f> z relates to ! individuals by :om ^? acts are approv$4#aag #b4 ,?is sy/em w\ld h ! effect1 fir/1 t ! con/itution w\ld be v %ort4 ,! impracticability ( obta9+ ! free approbation ( a great numb] ( di/ricts to an ext5sive code w\ld spe$ily manife/ itself2 & ! :ole con/itution might consi/ ( a s*eme = ! division ( ! c\ntry into p>ts equal 9 _! population1 & ! fix+ ( /at$ p]iods = ! election ( a national assembly1 n to say t ! latt] ( ^! articles may v probably be disp5s$ )4#aah ,a second effect w\ld be1 t x w\ld soon be f\nd a proce$+ unnecess>ily circuit\s to s5d laws to ! di/ricts = _! revision1 unless 9 cases ess5tial to ! g5]al safety1 & t 9 z _m in/ances z possible ! di/ricts w\ld be suff]$ to make laws = !mselves4 ,?us1 t :i* 0 at fir/ a great empire ) legislative unity w\ld spe$ily be trans=m$ into a conf$]acy ( less] republics1 ) a g5]al congress or ,amphictyonic c\ncil1 answ]+ ! purpose ( a po9t ( co-op]ation ^u extraord9>y occasions4#aai ,a ?ird effect w\ld consi/ 9 ! gradual cessation ( legislation4 ,a great assembly collect$ f ! diff]5t prov9ces ( an ext5sive t]ritory1 & con/itut$ ! sole legislator ( ^? by :om ! t]ritory is inhabit$1 imm$iately conjures up to itself an idea ( ! va/ multitude ( laws t are necess>y4 ,a l>ge city1 impell$ by ! pr9ciples ( comm]cial jeal\sy1 is n sl[ to dige/ ! volume ( its by-laws & exclusive privileges4 ,b ! inhabitants ( a small p>i%1 liv+ ) "s degree ( t simplicity :i* be/ corresponds ) nature1 w\ld soon be l$ to suspect t g5]al laws 7 unnecess>y1 & w\ld adjudge ! causes t came be=e !m1 n accord+ to c]ta9 axioms previ\sly writt51 b accord+ to ! circum/ances & dem&s ( ea* p>ticul> cause4#abj ,a f\r? effect w\ld be t ! abrogation ( prop]ty w\ld be favor$4 ,all equalization ( rank & /ation /rongly t5ds t[>d an equalization ( possessions4#aba ,s n only ! l[] ord]s1 b also ! high]1 w\ld see ! inju/ice ( ! pres5t di/ribution ( prop]ty4#abb ,! ri* & great are f> f call\s to views ( g5]al felicity1 :5 su* views are br\ght be=e !m ) t evid5ce & attraction ( :i* !y are susceptible4#abc ,b ev5 s f> z !y might ?9k only ( _! own emolum5t & ease1 x w\ld n be difficult to %[ !m t x is 9 va9 to fight aga9/ tru?1 & dang]\s to br+ ^u !mselves ! hatr$ ( ! p1 & t x might be to _! own int]e/ to make up _! m9ds to concessions at lea/4#abd ,,footnotes3 #be ,godw9 pp4 ,,ix-,x #a4 ,,vi-,,vii4 #bf ,ib4 pp4 #edh-i #b4 #acb-c4 #bg ,ib4 p4 #ij #a1 #abj4 #bh ,ib4 p4 #aej #a1 #afd4 #bi ,ib4 p4 #ij #a1 #abj-ba4 #cj ,godw9 p4 #aja #a4 #acd4 #ca ,ib4 pp4 #aej1 #hj #a4 #abj1 #aab4 #cb ,ib4 p4 #ha #a4 #aag-ah84 #cc ,ib4 p4 #bed #a4 #bec4 #cd ,ib4 pp4 #cfj-fa #a4 8#db4 #ce ,ib4 p4 #cfa4 ,n 9 ed4 #b4 #cf ,ib4 p4 #cfa #a4 #cdb2 bracket$ words omitt$ 9 ed4 #b #cg ,ib4 p4 #gga #b4 #bid4 #ch ,godw9 pp4 #gff-g #b4 #bij-ia4 #ci ,ib4 p4 #gfh #b4 #bia4 #dj ,ib4 p4 #gfi #b4 #bib4 #da ,ib4 p4 #ggc #b4 #bie4 #db ,ib4 p4 #aff #a4 #ahb1 except bracket$ words4 #dc ,ib4 p4 #cha #b4 #c #dd ,godw9 p4 #ggd #b4 #bif4 #de ,ib4 p4 #gge #b4 #bif4 #df ,ib4 p4 #ggf #b4 #big4 #dg ,ib4 p4 #aea #a4 #afe1 except bracket$ words4 #dh ,ib4 pp4 #aba1 #ha #a4 #ade1 #aah4 #di ,ib4 p4 #ggc #b4 #bie4 #ej ,godw9 pp4 #ggc-d #b4 #bie4 #ea ,ib4 p4 #ggh #b4 #bih-i4 #eb ,ib4 p4 #adj-a #a4 #aef4 #ec ,godw9 p4 #ada #b4 #aef #ed ,ib4 p4 #adh4 ,n 9 ed4 #b4 #ee ,ib4 p4 #adi4 ,n 9 ed4 #b4 #ef ,ib4 p4 #egb #b4 #adi-ej4 #eg ,ib4 p4 #ahe #a4 #bjj4 #eh ,godw9 p4 #chj #b4 #b4 #ei ,ib4 p4 #gi #a4 #aaa4 #fj ,ib4 p4 #gi #a4 #aaa2 cr$it$ to ,pa9e's ,common ,s5se1 p4 #a4 #fa ,ib4 p4 #ghh #b4 #cje4 #fb ,ib4 p4 #afc #a4 #agd-f8 #ahj84 #fc ,ib4 p4 #aea #a4 #afd-e2 b see p] contra p4 #agj4 #fd ,ib4 p4 #aef4 ,n 9 ed4 #b4 #fe ,godw9 p4 #aea4 ,n 9 ed4 #b4 #ff ,ib4 pp4 #afa-b #a4 #agi4 #fg ,ib4 #afd-e #a4 #aha4 #fh ,ib4 p4 #efa #b4 #adb4 #fi ,ib4 #eff #b4 #ade4 #gj ,godw9 p4 #efb #b4 #adb4 #ga ,ib4 #eei #b4 #adj4 #gb ,godw9 p4 #efa #b4 #ada4 ,obvi\sly ,eltzba*] has misund]/ood ?is passage4 ,8 ,g]man translation %[s t he mi/ook int]e/s = int]e/ 9 ! s5se ( inc5tive4 ,note also t ,godw9 expressly re/ricts ! application ( ?is p>agraph1 ev5 9 its "r s5se1 on pp4 #aaa1 #ade4 #gc ,ib4 p4 #eff #b4 #ade4 #gd ,ib4 p4 #efd #b4 #add4 #ge ,ib4 p4 #efd-e #b4 #add4 #gf ,ib4 pp4 #ggc1 #ggh1 #ggi-hj #b4 #bie1 #bih-cjj #gg ,godw9 p4 #efe #b4 #add4 #gh ,ib4 p4 #eff #b4 #ade4 #gi ,ib4 p4 #eff #b4 #ade4 #hj ,ib4 pp4 #egc-d #b4 #aej-ea4 #ha ,ib4 pp4 #egc-d #b4 #aej-ea4 #hb ,ib4 pp4 #efh-i1 #ega-b #b4 #adf1 #adi4 #hc ,godw9 pp4 #efi-gj #b4 #adh4 #hd ,ib4 pp4 #egj-ga #b4 #adh-di4 #he ,ib4 p4 #egd #b4 #aea #hf ,ib4 pp4 #egf-h #b4 #aeb-c4 #hg ,godw9 pp4 #egh-i #b4 #aed #hh ,ib4 p4 #gid #b4 #cbf4 #hi ,ib4 p4 #hjc4 ,n 9 ed4 #b4 #ij ,ib4 p4 #gid4 ,n 9 ed4 #b4 #ia ,godw9 p4 #gie4 ,n 9 ed4 #b2 cf4 #b4 #cab4 #ib ,ib4 p4 #hjf #b4 #cce4 #ic ,ib4 p4 #gie4 ,n 9 ed4 #b4 #id ,ib4 pp4 #haa1 #haj #b4 #cci1 #cch--;b ! words 9 ! poor seem to be add$ out ( ,eltzba*]'s head4 #ie ,godw9 p4 #hjb #b4 #ccb4 #if ,ib4 p4 #hji #b4 #cch #ig ,ib4 p4 #hji #b4 #ccg #ih ,ib4 p4 #ghi4 ,n 9 ed4 #b2 cf4 #b4 #cjf-g4 #ii ,ib4 p4 #gij4 ,n 9 ed4 #b4 #ajj ,godw9 pp4 #gij-ia4 ,n 9 ed4 #b4 #aja ,ib4 p4 #hba #b4 #cea4 #ajb ,ib4 p4 #hba #b4 #ceb #ajc ,ib4 p4 #hjf #b4 #cce4 #ajd ,ib4 p4 #hjg #b4 #ccf4 #aje ,godw9 p4 #haj #b4 #cch4 #ajf ,godw9 pp4 #ggi-hj #b4 #bii-cjj4 #ajg ,godw9 p4 #bjc #a1 #bbc1 only ! two s5t5ces beg9n+ at ,b4 #ajh ,ib4 pp4 #bjc-d4 ,n 9 ed4 #b4 #aji ,godw9 pp4 #bjb-c4 ,n 9 ed4 #b4 #aaj ,ib4 p4 #bjd4 ,n 9 ed4 #b4 #aaa ,ib4 p4 #bbc4 ,n 9 ed4 #b2 cf4 #a4 #bbf4 #aab ,godw9 p4 #bbe4 ,n 9 ed4 #b4 #aac ,ib4 pp4 #bbb-c #a4 #bbb1 except bracket$ words4 #aad ,ib4 pp4 #feg-h #b4 #baj4 #aae ,godw9 pp4 #feh-i #b4 #baa-ab2 bracket$ words a p>aphrase4 #aaf ,ib4 pp4 #fei-fj #b4 #bab4 #aag ,ib4 p4 #ffj #b4 #bab4 #aah ,ib4 pp4 #ffj-fa #b4 #bab-ac4 #aai ,godw9 pp4 #ffa-b #b4 #bac-ad4 #abj ,ib4 p4 #ffb #b4 #bad4 #aba ,godw9 p4 #hhh cf4 #b4 #cif4 #abb ,ib4 pp4 #hhh-i #b4 #cif4 #abc ,ib4 pp4 #hhb-c #b4 #cib4 #abd ,ib4 pp4 #hhc-hd #b4 #cic4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,pr\dhon',s ,,tea*+ #a4--;,,g5]al #a4 ,pi]re-,joseph ,pr\dhon 0 born at ,besancon 9 #ahji4 ,at fir/ he foll[$ ! occupation ( a pr9t] !re & 9 o!r cities4 ,9 #ahch a /ip5d ( ! ,academy ( ,besancon enabl$ him to g to ,p>is = sci5tific /udies4 ,9 #ahdc he took a m]cantile position at ,lyons4 ,9 #ahdg he gave x up & mov$ to ,p>is4 ,"h1 9 ! ye>s f #ahdh to #ahej1 ,pr\dhon publi%$ sev]al p]iodicals1 "o aft] ! o!r4 ,9 #ahdh he became a memb] ( ! ,national ,assembly4 ,9 #ahdi he f\nd$ a ,p's ,bank4 ,soon aft] ?is he 0 condemn$ to ?ree ye>s' imprisonm5t = an (f5ce aga9/ ! press laws1 & s]v$ 8 "t )\t hav+ to int]rupt 8 activity z an au?or4 ,9 #aheb ,pr\dhon 0 releas$ f prison4 ,he rema9$ 9 ,p>is till1 9 #aheh1 he 0 aga9 condemn$ to ?ree ye>s' imprisonm5t = an (f5ce aga9/ ! press laws4 ,he fl$ & settl$ 9 ,brussels4 ,9 #ahfj he 0 p>don$1 & return$ to ,france4 ,!nce=? he liv$ at ,passy4 ,he di$ !re 9 #ahfe4 ,pr\dhon publi%$ _m books & o!r writ+s1 especially 9 ! fields ( jurisprud5ce1 political economy1 & politics4 #b4 ,( special importance = ,pr\dhon's tea*+ ab\t law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty are1 among ! writ+s be=e #ahdh1 ! book ,qu'e/-ce que la propriete8 ou re*]*es sur le pr9cipe du droit et du g\v]nem5t 7#ahdj7 & ! two-volume "w ,sy/eme des contradictions economiques1 ou philosophie de la mis]e 7#ahdf72 among ! writ+s f #ahdh to #ahea ! ,confessions d'un revolutionnaire 7#ahdi7 & ! ,idee g5]ale de la revolution au ,x,i,xe siecle 7#ahea72 & la/ly1 among ! writ+s aft] #ahea1 ! ?ree-volume "w ,de la ju/ice dans la revolution et dans l',eglise1 n\veaux pr9cipes de philosophie pratique 7#aheh7 & ! book ,du pr9cipe f$]atif et de la necessite de recon/itu] le p>ti de la revolution 7#ahfc74abe ,pr\dhon's tea*+ reg>d+ law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty und]w5t *anges 9 m9or po9ts1 b rema9$ ! same 9 its ess5tials2 ! op9ion t x *ang$ also 9 ess5tials is caus$ by ,pr\dhon's arbitr>y & v>y+ use ( language4 ,s9ce no hi/ory ( ! evolution ( ,pr\dhon's tea*+ c be giv5 "h1 ,i %all pres5t1 s f> z conc]ns su* m9or po9ts1 only ! tea*+ ( #ahdh-ea1 9 :i* ye>s ,pr\dhon develop$ 8 views ) especial cle>ness & did especially =cible "w = !m4 #c4 ,pr\dhon calls 8 tea*+ ab\t law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty ,an>*ism4 ',:at =m ( gov]nm5t %all we pref]8' ',c y ask8' replies "o ( my y\ng] read]s )\t d\bt2 'y are a ,republican4' ',republican1 yes2 b ?is ^w makes no?+ def9ite4 ,res publica is ! public ?+2 n[1 :oev] wants ! public ?+1 "u :atev] =m ( gov]nm5t1 may call himself a ,republican4 ,ev5 k+s are ,republicans4' ',well1 y are a ,democrat4' ',no4' ',:at8 c y be a ,mon>*i/8' ',no4' ',a ,con/itutionali/8' ',i %\ld hope n4' ',y are an ,ari/ocrat !n8' ',n a bit4' ',y want a mix$ gov]nm5t1 !n8' ',/ill less4' ',:at are y !n8' ',i am an ,an>*i/4'#abf #b4--;,,basis ,accord+ to ,pr\dhon ! supreme law = u is ju/ice4 ,:at is ju/ice8 ,ju/ice is respect1 spontane\sly felt & mutually gu>ante$1 = human dignity1 9 :atev] p]son & "u :atev] circum/ances we f9d x compromis$1 & to :atev] risk its def5ce may expose u4#abg ,i ought to respect my neighbor1 & make o!rs respect him1 z myself2 su* is ! law ( my consci5ce4 ,9 consid]ation ( :at d ,i owe him ?is respect8 ,9 consid]ation ( 8 /r5g?1 8 tal5t1 8 weal?8 ,no1 :at *ance gives is n :at makes ! human p]son wor?y ( respect4 ,9 consid]ation ( ! respect :i* he 9 turn pays to me8 ,no1 ju/ice assumes reciprocity ( respect1 b does n wait = x4 ,x ass]ts & wills respect = human dignity ev5 9 an enemy1 :i* causes ! exi/5ce ( laws ( w>2 ev5 9 ! murd]] :om we kill z hav+ fall5 f 8 manhood1 :i* causes ! exi/5ce ( p5al laws4 ,x is n ! gifts ( nature or ! advantages ( =tune t make me respect my neighbor2 x is n 8 ox1 8 ass1 or 8 maid-s]vant1 z ! decalogue says2 x is n ev5 ! welf>e t he owes to me z ,i owe m9e to him2 x is 8 manhood4#abh ,ju/ice is at once a reality & an idea4#abi ,ju/ice is a faculty ( ! s\l1 ! =emo/ ( all1 t :i* con/itutes a social be+4 ,b x is m ?an a faculty2 x is an idea1 x indicates a relation1 an equation4 ,z a faculty x may be develop$2 ?is developm5t is :at con/itutes ! education ( humanity4 ,z an equation x pres5ts no?+ ant9omic2 x is absolute & immutable l e law1 &1 l e law1 v intelligible4#acj ,ju/ice is = u ! supreme law4 ,ju/ice is ! inviolable y>d/ick ( all human actions4#aca ,by x ! facts ( social life1 by nature indet]m9ate & contradictory1 become susceptible ( def9ition & arrangem5t4#acb ,ju/ice is ! c5tral /> :i* gov]ns societies1 ! pole ab\t :i* ! political _w revolves1 ! pr9ciple & rule ( all transactions4 ,no?+ is done among m5 t is n 9 ! "n ( "r2 no?+ )\t invok+ ju/ice4 ,ju/ice is n ! "w ( ! law2 on ! contr>y1 ! law is nev] any?+ b a decl>ation & application ( :at is j4#acb ,suppose a society :]e ju/ice is outrank$1 h[ev] little1 by ano!r pr9ciple1 say religion2 or 9 :i* c]ta9 individuals are reg>d$ m highly1 by h[ev] little1 ?an o!rs2 ,i say t1 ju/ice be+ virtually annull$1 x is inevitable t ! society w p]i% soon] or lat]4#acc ,x is ! privilege ( ju/ice t ! fai? :i* x inspires is un%akable1 & t x _c be dogmatically d5i$ or reject$4 ,all peoples invoke x2 reasons ( ,/ate1 ev5 :ile !y violate x1 pr(ess to be bas$ on x2 religion exi/s only = x2 skepticism dissembles be=e x2 irony has p[] only 9 its "n2 crime & hypocrisy d x homage4 ,if lib]ty is n an empty phrase1 x acts only 9 ! s]vice ( "r2 ev5 :5 x rebels aga9/ "r1 at bottom x does n curse x4#acd ,all ! mo/ rational tea*+s ( human wisdom ab\t ju/ice are summ$ up 9 ?is fam\s adage3 ,d to o!rs :at y w\ld h done to y2 ,d n to o!rs :at y w\ld n h done to y4#ace #c4--,,law ,i4 ,9 ! "n ( ju/ice ,pr\dhon rejects1 n law inde$1 b almo/ all individual legal norms1 & ! ,/ate laws 9 p>ticul>4 ,! ,/ate makes laws1 & z _m laws z ! int]e/s :i* x meets )2 &1 s9ce int]e/s are innum]able1 ! legislation-ma*9e mu/ "w un9t]rupt$ly4 ,laws & ord9ances fall l hail on ! poor populace4 ,aft] a :ile ! political soil w be cov]$ ) a lay] ( pap]1 & all ! geologi/s w h to d w be to li/ x1 "u ! "n ( papyrace\s =mation1 among ! epo*s ( ! e>?'s hi/ory4 ,! ,conv5tion1 9 ?ree ye>s "o mon? & f\r days1 issu$ elev5 ?\s& six hundr$ laws & decrees2 ! ,con/itu5t & ,legislative ,assemblies _h produc$ h>dly less2 ! empire & ! lat] gov]nm5ts h wr\ght z indu/ri\sly4 ,at pres5t ! ',bullet9 des ,lois' conta9s1 !y say1 m ?an fifty ?\s&2 if our repres5tatives did _! duty ?is enorm\s figure w\ld soon be d\bl$4 ,d y believe t ! populace1 or ! gov]nm5t itself1 c keep its sanity 9 ?is labyr9?8#acf ,b :at am ,i say+8 ,laws = him :o ?9ks = himself1 & is responsible only = 8 own acts6 laws = him :o w\ld be free1 & feels himself de/9$ to become free6 ,i am ready to make t]ms1 b ,i w h no laws2 ,i ackn[l$ge none2 ,i prote/ aga9/ e ord] :i* an o/5sibly necess>y au?ority %all please to impose on my free w4 ,laws6 we "k :at !y are & :at !y are wor?4 ,cobwebs = ! p[]ful & ! ri*1 *a9s :i* no /eel c break = ! little & ! poor1 fi%]s' nets 9 ! h&s ( ! gov]nm5t4#acg ,y say !y %all make few laws1 make !m simple1 make !m good4 ,b x is impossible4 ,mu/ n gov]nm5t adju/ all int]e/s1 decide all disputes8 ,n[ int]e/s are by ! nature ( society innum]able1 relation%ips inf9itely v>iable & mobile2 h[ is x possible t only a few laws %\ld be made8 h[ c !y be simple8 h[ c ! be/ law escape soon be+ dete/able8#ach ,,ii4 ,ju/ice requires t only "o legal norm be 9 =ce3 to wit1 ! norm t contracts mu/ be liv$ up to4 ,:at d we mean by a contract8 ,a contract1 says ! civil code1 art4 #aaja1 is an agreem5t :]eby "o or m p]sons b9d !mselves to "o or m o!rs to d or n to d some?+4#aci ,t ,i may rema9 free1 t ,i may be subject$ to no law b my own1 & t ,i may gov]n myself1 ! edifice ( society mu/ be rebuilt ^u ! idea ( ,,contract4#adj ,we mu/ />t ) ! idea ( contract z ! dom9ant idea ( politics4#ada ,?is norm1 t contracts mu/ be liv$ up to1 is to be bas$ n only on its ju/ice1 b at ! same "t on ! fact t among m5 :o live toge!r !re prevails a w to en=ce ! keep+ ( contracts1 if necess>y1 ) viol5ce2#adb s x is to be n only a comm&m5t ( morality1 b also a legal norm4 ,sev]al ( y\r fell[-m5 h agre$ to treat ea* o!r ) good fai? & fair play1--t is1 to respect ^? rules ( action :i* ! nature ( ?+s po9ts out to !m z be+ alone capable ( assur+ to !m1 9 ! fulle/ measure1 prosp]ity1 safety1 & peace4 ,are y will+ to jo9 _! league8 to =m a "p ( _! society8 ,d y promise to respect ! honor1 ! lib]ty1 ! goods1 ( y\r bro!rs8 ,d y promise nev] to appropriate to y\rself1 nei!r by viol5ce1 by fraud1 by usury1 nor by speculation1 ano!r's product or possession8 ,d y promise nev] to lie & deceive1 nei!r 9 c\rt1 9 trade1 nor 9 any ( y\r deal+s8 ,y are free to accept or to refuse4 ,if y refuse1 y =m a "p ( ! society ( savages4 ,hav+ left ! fell[%ip ( ! human race1 y come "u suspicion4 ,no?+ protects y4 ,at ! lea/ insult anybody y meet may knock y d[n1 )\t incurr+ any o!r *>ge ?an t ( cruelty to animals4 ,if y swe> to ! league1 on ! contr>y1 y =m a "p ( ! society ( free m54 ,all y\r bro!rs ent] into an engagem5t ) y1 promis+ y fidelity1 fri5d%ip1 help1 s]vice1 comm]ce4 ,9 case ( infraction on _! "p or on y\rs1 ?r\gh neglig5ce1 hot blood1 or evil int5t1 y are responsible to "o ano!r1 = ! damage & also = ! sc&al & insecurity :i* y h caus$2 ?is responsibility may ext5d1 accord+ to ! s]i\sness ( ! p]jury or ! repetition ( ! crime1 z f> z to excommunication & dea?4#adc #d4--,,! ,,/ate ,i4 ,s9ce ,pr\dhon approves only ! s+le legal norm t contracts mu/ be liv$ up to1 he c sanction only a s+le legal relation1 t ( p>ties to a contract4 ,h5ce he mu/ necess>ily reject ! ,/ate2 = x is e/abli%$ by p>ticul> legal norms1 &1 z an involunt>y legal relation1 x b9ds ev5 ^? :o h n ent]$ into any contract at all4 ,pr\dhon does accord+ly reject ! ,/ate absolutely1 )\t any spatial or temporal limitation2 he ev5 reg>ds x z a legal relation :i* (f5ds aga9/ ju/ice to an unusual degree4 ,! gov]nm5t ( man by man is slav]y4#add ,:oev] lays 8 h& on me to gov]n me is a usurp] & a tyrant2 ,i decl>e him my enemy4#ade ,9 a giv5 society ! au?ority ( man ov] man is 9 inv]se ratio to ! intellectual developm5t :i* ?is society has atta9$1 & ! probable duration ( ?is au?ority may be calculat$ f ! m or less g5]al desire = a true--t is1 a sci5tific--gov]nm5t4#adf ,royalty is nev] legitimate4 ,nei!r h]$ity1 election1 univ]sal suffrage1 ! excell5ce ( ! sov]eign1 nor ! consecration ( religion & "t1 makes royalty legitimate4 ,9 :atev] =m x may appe>1 mon>*ical1 olig>*ic1 democratic1--royalty1 or ! gov]nm5t ( man by man1 is illegal & absurd4#adg ,democracy 9 p>ticul> is no?+ b a con/itutional arbitr>y p[] succe$+ ano!r con/itutional arbitr>y p[]2 x has no sci5tific value1 & we mu/ see 9 x only a prep>ation = ! ,,republic1 "o & indivisible4#adh ,au?ority 0 no soon] begun on e>? ?an x became ! object ( univ]sal competition4 ,au?ority1 ,gov]nm5t1 ,p[]1 ,/ate1--^! words all d5ote ! same ?+1--ea* man sees 9 x ! means ( oppress+ & exploit+ 8 fell[s4 ,absoluti/s1 doctr9aires1 demagogues1 & sociali/s1 turn$ _! eyes incessantly to au?ority z _! sole cynosure4#adi ,all p>ties )\t exception1 9 s f> z !y seek = p[]1 are v>ieties ( absolutism2 & !re w be no lib]ty = citiz5s1 no ord] = societies1 no union among work+m51 till 9 ! political cate*ism ! r5unciation ( au?ority %all h replac$ fai? 9 au?ority4 ,no m p>ties1 no m au?ority1 absolute lib]ty ( man & citiz51--!re1 9 ?ree words1 is my political & social confession ( fai?4#aej ,,ii4 ,ju/ice dem&s1 9 place ( ! ,/ate1 a social human life on ! basis ( ! legal norm t contracts mu/ be liv$ up to4 ,pr\dhon calls ?is social life an>*y#aea & lat] f$]ation#aeb also4 #a4 ,aft] ! abrogation ( ! ,/ate1 m5 are /ill to live toge!r 9 society4 ,z e>ly z #ahda ,pr\dhon says t ! po9t is to discov] a sy/em ( absolute equality1 9 :i* all pres5t in/itutions1 m9us prop]ty or ! sum ( ! abuses ( prop]ty1 might n only f9d a place1 b be !mselves means to equality2 individual lib]ty1 ! division ( p[]s1 ! cab9et1 ! jury1 ! adm9i/rative & judici>y organization4#aec ,b m5 are n to be kept toge!r 9 society by any supreme au?ority1 b only by ! legally b9d+ =ce ( contract4 ,:5 ,i b>ga9 = any object ) "o or m ( my fell[-citiz5s1 x is cle> t !n my w alone is my law2 x is ,i myself :o1 9 fulfill+ my obligation1 am my gov]nm5t4 ,if !n ,i c\ld make t contract ) all1 :i* ,i d make ) "s2 if all c\ld r5ew x ) ea* o!r2 if e gr\p ( citiz5s1 commune1 canton1 dep>tm5t1 corporation1 company1 etc41 =m$ by su* a contract & consid]$ z a moral p]son1 c\ld !n1 always on ! same t]ms1 treat ) ea* ( ! o!r gr\ps & ) all1 x w\ld be exactly z if my w 0 repeat$ ad inf9itum4 ,i %\ld be sure t ! law ?us made on all po9ts t conc]n ! republic1 on ! v>i\s motions ( millions ( p]sons1 w\ld nev] be any?+ b my law2 &1 if ?is new ord] ( ?+s 0 call$ gov]nm5t1 t ?is gov]nm5t w\ld be m9e4 ,! regime ( contracts1 sub/itut$ = ! regime ( laws1 w\ld con/itute ! true gov]nm5t ( man & ( ! citiz51 ! true sov]eignty ( ! p1 ! ,,republic4#aed ,! ,republic is ! organization by :i*1 all op9ions & all activities rema9+ free1 ! ,p1 by ! v div]g5ce ( op9ions & ( wills1 ?9ks & acts z a s+le man4 ,9 ! ,republic e citiz51 9 do+ :at he wi%es & no?+ b :at he wi%es1 p>ticipates directly 9 legislation & gov]nm5t1 j z he p>ticipates 9 ! production & circulation ( weal?4 ,!re e citiz5 is k+2 = he has pl5>y p[]1 he reigns & gov]ns4 ,! ,republic is a positive an>*y4 ,x is nei!r lib]ty subject$ ,,to ord]1 z 9 ! con/itutional mon>*y1 nor lib]ty imprison$ ,,9 ord]1 z ! provisional gov]nm5t w\ld h x4 ,x is lib]ty deliv]$ f all its hobbles1 sup]/ition1 prejudice1 sophism1 speculation1 au?ority2 x is mutual lib]ty1 n self-limit+ lib]ty2 lib]ty1 n ! daught] b ! ,,"m ( ord]4#aee #b4 ,an>*y may easily seem to u ! acme ( disord] & ! expression ( *aos4 ,!y say t :5 a ,p>isian burgh] ( ! sev5te5? c5tury once he>d t 9 ,v5ice !re 0 no k+1 ! good man c\ld n get ov] 8 a/oni%m5t1 & ?\ght he %\ld die ( laugh+4 ,su* is our prejudice4#aef ,z aga9/ ?is1 ,pr\dhon draws a picture ( h[ m5's life 9 society "u an>*y might p]haps %ape itself 9 detail1 to execute ! functions n[ belong+ to ! ,/ate4 ,he beg9s ) an example4 ,= _m c5turies ! spiritual p[] has be5 sep>at$1 )9 traditional limits1 f ! temporal p[]4 ,b !re has nev] be5 a complete sep>ation1 & !re=e1 to ! great detrim5t ( ! *ur*'s au?ority & ( believ]s1 c5tralization has nev] be5 suffici5t4 ,!re w\ld be a complete sep>ation if ! temporal p[] n only did n conc]n itself ) ! celebration ( my/]ies1 ! adm9i/ration ( sacram5ts1 ! gov]nm5t ( p>i%es1 etc41 b did n int]v5e 9 ! nom9ation ( bi%ops ei!r4 ,!re w\ld ensue a great] c5tralization1 & consequ5tly a m regul> gov]nm5t1 if 9 ea* p>i% ! p _h ! "r to *oose = !mselves _! vic>s & curates1 or to h none at all2 if 9 ea* diocese ! prie/s elect$ _! bi%op2 if ! assembly ( bi%ops1 or a primate ( ! ,gauls1 _h sole *>ge ( ! regulation ( religi\s affairs1 !ological in/ruction1 & wor%ip4 ,by ?is sep>ation ! cl]gy w\ld cease to be1 9 ! h&s ( political p[]1 an in/rum5t ( tyranny ov] ! p2 & by ?is application ( univ]sal suffrage ! ecclesia/ical gov]nm5t1 c5traliz$ 9 itself1 receiv+ its inspirations f ! p & n f ! gov]nm5t or ! pope1 w\ld be 9 con/ant h>mony ) ! ne$s ( society & ) ! moral & intellectual condition ( ! citiz5s4 ,we mu/1 !n1 9 ord] to return to tru?1 organic1 political1 economic1 or social 7= "h all ^! are "o71 fir/1 aboli% ! con/itutional cumulation by tak+ f ! ,/ate ! nom9ation ( ! bi%ops1 & def9itively sep>at+ ! spiritual f ! temporal2 second1 c5tralize ! *ur* 9 itself by a sy/em ( grad$ elections2 ?ird1 give to ! ecclesia/ical p[]1 z we d to all ! o!r p[]s 9 ! ,/ate1 ! vote ( ! citiz5s z a basis4 ,by ?is sy/em :at to-day is ,,gov]nm5t w no long] be any?+ b adm9i/ration2 all ,france is c5traliz$1 s f> z conc]ns ecclesia/ical functions2 ! c\ntry1 by ! m]e fact ( its electoral initiative1 gov]ns itself 9 matt]s ( et]nal life z well z 9 ^? ( ?is _w4 ,& "o may already see t if x 7 possible to organize ! entire c\ntry 9 temporal matt]s on ! same bases1 ! mo/ p]fect ord] & ! mo/ vigor\s c5tralization w\ld exi/ )\t !re be+ any?+ ( :at we to-day call con/itut$ au?ority or gov]nm5t4#aeg ,pr\dhon gives a second example 9 judicial au?ority4 ,! judicial functions1 by _! diff]5t specialties1 _! hi]>*y1 _! p]man5t t5ure ( (fice1 _! conv]g5ce "u a s+le dep>tm5tal head1 %[ an unequivocal t5d5cy to sep>ation & c5tralization4 ,b !y are 9 no way dep5d5t on ^? :o are "u _! jurisdiction2 !y are all at ! disposal ( ! executive p[]1 :i* is appo9t$ by ! p once 9 f\r ye>s ) au?ority t _c be dim9i%$2 !y are subord9at$ n to ! c\ntry by election1 b to ! gov]nm5t1 presid5t or pr9ce1 by appo9tm5t4 ,x foll[s t ^? :o are "u ! jurisdiction ( a c\rt are giv5 ov] to _! 'natural' judges j z are p>i%ion]s to _! vic>s2 t ! p belong to ! magi/rate l an inh]itance2 t ! litigant is ! judge's1 n ! judge ! litigant's4 ,apply univ]sal suffrage & grad$ election to ! judicial z well z ! ecclesia/ical functions2 suppress ! p]man5t t5ure ( (fice1 :i* is an ali5ation ( ! electoral "r2 take away f ! ,/ate all action1 all influ5ce1 on ! judicial body2 let ?is body1 sep>ately c5traliz$ 9 itself1 no long] dep5d on any b ! p1--&1 9 ! fir/ place1 y w h depriv$ p[] ( its mightie/ in/rum5t ( tyranny2 y w h made ju/ice a pr9ciple ( lib]ty z well z ( ord]4 ,&1 unless y suppose t ! p1 f :om all p[]s %\ld spr+ by univ]sal suffrage1 is 9 contradiction ) itself1--t :at x wants 9 religion x does n want 9 ju/ice1--y are assur$ t ! sep>ation ( p[]s c beget no conflict2 y may boldly lay x d[n z a pr9ciple t sep>ation & equilibrium are h5ce=? synonym\s4#aeh ,!n ,pr\dhon goes on to ! army1 ! cu/omh\ses1 ! public dep>tm5ts ( agriculture & comm]ce1 public works1 public education1 & f9ance2 = ea* ( ^! adm9i/rations he dem&s indep5d5ce & c5tralization on ! basis ( g5]al suffrage4#aei ,t a nation may manife/ itself 9 its unity1 x mu/ be c5traliz$ 9 its religion1 c5traliz$ 9 its ju/ice1 c5traliz$ 9 its army1 c5traliz$ 9 its agriculture1 indu/ry1 & comm]ce1 c5traliz$ 9 its f9ances1--9 a ^w1 c5traliz$ 9 all its functions & faculties2 ! c5tralization mu/ "w f ! bottom to ! top1 f ! circumf]5ce to ! c5tre2 all ! functions mu/ be indep5d5t & sev]ally self-gov]n+4 ,w\ld y !n make ?is invisible unity p]ceptible by a special organ1 pres]ve ! image ( ! old gov]nm5t8 ,gr\p ^! diff]5t adm9i/rations by _! heads2 y h y\r cab9et1 y\r executive1 :i* c !n v well d )\t a ,c\ncil ( ,/ate4 ,set up above all ?is a gr& jury1 legislature1 or national assembly1 appo9t$ directly by ! :ole c\ntry1 & *>g$ n ) appo9t+ ! cab9et (fic]s1--!y h _! inve/iture f _! p>ticul> con/itu5ts1--b ) audit+ ! acc\nts1 mak+ ! laws1 settl+ ! budget1 decid+ controv]sies betwe5 ! adm9i/rations1 all aft] hav+ he>d ! reports ( ! ,public ,dep>tm5t1 or ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior1 to :i* ! :ole gov]nm5t w !nce=? be r$uc$2 & y w h a c5tralization ! /rong] ! m y multiply its foci1 a responsibility ! m real ! m cle>-cut is ! sep>ation betwe5 ! p[]s2 y h a con/itution at once political & social4#afj #e4--,,prop]ty ,i4 ,s9ce ,pr\dhon sanctions only ! "o legal norm t contracts mu/ be kept1 he c approve only "o legal relation1 t betwe5 contract+ p>ties4 ,h5ce he mu/ necess>ily reject prop]ty z well z ! ,/ate1 s9ce x is e/abli%$ by p>ticul> legal norms1 &1 z an involunt>y legal relation1 b9ds ev5 su* z h 9 no way ent]$ into a contract4 ,& he does reject prop]ty#afa absolutely1 )\t any spatial or temporal limitation2 nay1 x ev5 appe>s to him to be a legal relation :i* is p>ticul>ly repugnant to ju/ice4 ,accord+ to its def9ition1 prop]ty is ! "r ( us+ & abus+2 t is to say1 x is ! absolute1 irresponsible doma9 ( man ov] 8 p]son & 8 goods4 ,if prop]ty ceas$ to be ! "r to abuse1 x w\ld cease to be prop]ty4 ,has n ! proprietor ! "r to give 8 goods to :omev] he w1 to let 8 neighbor burn )\t cry+ fire1 to oppose ! public good1 to squ&] 8 patrimony1 to exploit ! labor] & hold him to ransom1 to produce bad goods & sell !m badly8 ,c he be judicially con/ra9$ to use 8 prop]ty well8 c he be di/urb$ 9 ! abuse ( x8 ,:at am ,i say+8 ,is n prop]ty1 precisely because x is full ( abuse1 ! mo/ sacr$ ?+ 9 ! _w = ! legislator8 ,c "o conceive ( a prop]ty ^: use ! police p[] %\ld det]m9e1 ^: abuse x %\ld repress8 ,is x n cle>1 9 f9e1 t if "o und]took to introduce ju/ice into prop]ty1 "o w\ld de/roy prop]ty1 j z ! law1 by introduc+ propriety into concub9age1 de/roy$ concub9age8#afb ,m5 /eal3 fir/1 by viol5ce on ! highway2 second1 alone or 9 a b&2 ?ird1 by burgl>y2 f\r?1 by embezzlem5t2 fif?1 by fraudul5t bankruptcy2 six?1 by =g]y2 sev5?1 by c\nt]feit+4 ,eigh?1 by pocket-pick+2 n9?1 by sw9dl+2 t5?1 by brea* ( tru/2 elev5?1 by gambl+ & lott]ies4--,twelf?1 by usury4 ,?irte5?1 by r5t-tak+4--,f\rte5?1 by comm]ce1 :5 ! pr(its are m ?an fair wages = ! trad]'s "w4--,fifte5?1 by sell+ "o's own product at a pr(it1 & by accept+ a s9ecure or a fat sal>y4#afc ,9 !ft su* z ! laws =bid1 =ce & fraud are employ$ alone & op5ly2 9 au?oriz$ !ft !y are disguis$ "u a produc$ utility1 :i* !y use z a device = plund]+ _! victim4 ,! direct use ( viol5ce & =ce 0 e>ly & unanim\sly reject$2 no nation has yet rea*$ ! po9t ( deliv]+ itself f !ft :5 unit$ ) tal5t1 labor1 & possession4#afd ,9 ?is s5se prop]ty is !ft1#afe ! exploitation ( ! weak by ! /rong1#aff contr>y to "r1#afg ! suicide ( society4#afh ,,ii4 ,ju/ice dem&s1 9 place ( prop]ty1 a di/ribution ( goods bas$ on ! legal norm t contracts mu/ be liv$ up to4 ,pr\dhon calls t portion ( goods :i* is assign$ to ! individual by contract1 prop]ty4 ,9 #ahdj he _h dem&$ t individual possession be sub/itut$ = prop]ty2 ) ?is "o *ange evil w\ld disappe> f ! e>?4#afi ,b 9 #ahda he is already expla9+ t by prop]ty he means only its abuses2#agj nay1 he ev5 !n describes z necess>y ! creation ( an imm$iately applicable social sy/em 9 :i* ! rights ( b>t] & sale1 ( direct & collat]al inh]itance1 ( primog5iture & beque/1 %\ld f9d _! place4#aga ,9 #ahdf he says1 ,"s day trans=m$ prop]ty w be an idea positive1 complete1 social1 & true2 a prop]ty :i* w aboli% ! old prop]ty & w become equally effective & b5efic5t = all4#agb ,9 #ahdh he is decl>+ t prop]ty1 z to its pr9ciple or sub/ance1 :i* is human p]sonality1 mu/ nev] p]i%2 x mu/ rema9 9 man's he>t z a p]petual /imulus to labor1 z ! antagoni/ ^: abs5ce w\ld cause labor to fall into idl5ess & dea?4#agc ,& 9 #ahej he ann\nces3 ,:at ,i s\ght = z f> back z #ahdj1 9 def9+ prop]ty1 :at ,i am want+ n[1 is n a de/ruction2 ,i h said x till ,i am tir$4 ,t w\ld h be5 to fall ) ,r\sseau1 ,plato1 ,l\is ,blanc himself1 & all ! adv]s>ies ( prop]ty1 into ,communism1 aga9/ :i* ,i prote/ ) all my might2 :at ,i ask = prop]ty is a ,,balance1#agd--t is1 ju/ice4#age ,9 all ^! pron\ncem5ts prop]ty means no?+ else ?an t portion ( goods :i* falls to ! individual on ! basis ( contracts1 on :i* society is to be built up4#agf ,! prop]ty :i* ,pr\dhon sanctions _c be a special legal relation1 b only a possible "p ( ! sub/ance ( ! "o legal relation :i* he approves1 ! relation ( contract4 ,x c af=d no protection aga9/ a gr\p ( m5 ^: ext5t is det]m9$ by legal norms1 b only aga9/ a gr\p ( m5 :o h mutually secur$ a c]ta9 portion ( goods to ea* o!r by contract4 ,pr\dhon1 !re=e1 is "h us+ ! ^w prop]ty 9 an inexact s5se2 9 ! /rict s5se x c d5ote only a portion ( goods set ap>t 9 an involunt>y legal relation by p>ticul> legal norms4 ,accord+ly1 :5 9 ! "n ( ju/ice ,pr\dhon dem&s a c]ta9 di/ribution ( prop]ty1 ?is means no?+ m ?an t ! contracts on :i* society is to be built %\ld make a c]ta9 sort ( provision ) respect to ! di/ribution ( goods4 ,& ! way 9 :i* !y %\ld det]m9e x is ?is3 t e man is to h ! product ( 8 labor4 ,let u conceive ( weal? z a mass ^: elem5ts are held toge!r p]man5tly by a *emical =ce1 & into :i* new elem5ts incessantly ent] & comb9e 9 diff]5t proportions1 b accord+ to a def9ite law3 value is ! proportion 7! measure7 9 :i* ea* ( ^! elem5ts =ms a "p ( ! :ole4#agg ,i suppose1 !re=e1 a =ce :i* comb9es ! elem5ts ( weal? 9 def9ite proportions & makes ( !m a homog5e\s :ole4#agh ,?is =ce is ,,labor4 ,x is labor1 labor alone1 t produces all ! elem5ts ( weal? & comb9es !m1 to ! la/ molecule1 accord+ to a v>iable b def9ite law ( proportionality4#agi ,e product is a repres5tative sign ( labor4#ahj ,e product c consequ5tly be ex*ang$ = ano!r4#aha ,if !n ! tailor1 9 return = furni%+ ! value ( "o day ( 8 "w1 consumes t5 times ! weav]'s day1 x is z if ! weav] gave t5 days ( 8 life = "o day ( ! tailor's4 ,?is is precisely :at occurs :5 a peasant pays a lawy] twelve francs = a docum5t t x co/s "o h\r to draw up2 & ?is inequality1 ?is iniquity 9 ex*ange1 is ! mightie/ cause ( pov]ty4 ,e error 9 commutative ju/ice is an immolation ( ! labor]1 a transfusion ( a man's blood into ano!r man's body4#ahb ,:at ,i dem& ) respect to prop]ty is a ,,balance4 ,x is n = no?+ t ! g5ius ( nations has equipp$ ,ju/ice ) ?is in/rum5t ( precision4 ,ju/ice appli$ to economy is 9 fact no?+ b a p]petual balance2 or1 to express myself /ill m precisely1 ju/ice z reg>ds ! di/ribution ( goods is no?+ b ! obligation :i* re/s ^u e citiz5 & e ,/ate1 9 _! bus9ess relations1 to con=m to t law ( equilibrium :i* manife/s itself ev]y:]e 9 economy1 & ^: violation1 accid5tal or volunt>y1 is ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( pov]ty4#ahc #b4 ,t e man %\ld enjoy ! product ( 8 labor is possible only ?r\gh reciprocity1 accord+ to ,pr\dhon2 !re=e he calls 8 doctr9e ! !ory ( mutuality or ( ! mutuum4#ahd ,,reciprocity is express$ 9 ! precept1 ',d to o!rs :at y w\ld h done to y1' a precept :i* political economy has translat$ into its celebrat$ =mula1 ',products ex*ange = products4' ,n[ ! evil :i* is dev\r+ u results f ! fact t ! law ( reciprocity is unrecogniz$1 violat$4 ,! rem$y consi/s altoge!r 9 ! promulgation ( ?is law4 ,! organization ( our mutual & reciprocal relations is ! :ole ( social sci5ce4#ahe ,& s ,pr\dhon1 9 ! solemn decl>ation :i* he prefix$ to ! con/itution ( ! ,p's ,bank :5 he fir/ publi%$ x1 gives ! foll[+ assurance3 ,i prote/ t 9 criticis+ prop]ty1 or r ! :ole body ( in/itutions ( :i* prop]ty is ! pivot1 ,i nev] meant ei!r to attack ! individual rights recogniz$ by previ\s laws1 or to dispute ! legitimacy ( acquir$ possessions1 or to in/igate an arbitr>y di/ribution ( goods1 or to put an ob/acle 9 ! way ( ! free & regul> acquisition ( prop]ties by b>ga9 & sale2 or ev5 to prohibit or suppress by sov]eign decree l&-r5t & int]e/ on capital4 ,i ?9k t all ^! manife/ations ( human activity %\ld rema9 free & optional = all2 ,i w\ld admit no o!r modifications1 re/rictions1 or suppressions ( !m ?an naturally & necess>ily result f ! univ]salization ( ! pr9ciple ( reciprocity & ( ! law ( syn!sis :i* ,i prop\nd4 ,?is is my la/ w & te/am5t4 ,i all[ only him to suspect its s9c]ity1 :o c\ld tell a lie 9 ! mom5t ( dea?4#ahf #f4--,,realization ,! *ange :i* ju/ice calls = is to come ab\t 9 ?is way1 t ^? m5 :o h recogniz$ ! tru? are to conv9ce o!rs h[ necess>y ! *ange is = ! sake ( ju/ice1 & t h]eby1 spontane\sly1 law is to trans=m itself1 ! ,/ate & prop]ty to drop away1 & ! new condition to appe>4 ,! new condition w appe> z soon z ! idea is popul>iz$2#ahg t x may appe>1 we mu/ popul>ize ! idea4#ahh ,i4 ,no?+ is requisite b to conv9ce m5 t ju/ice comm&s ! *ange4 #a4 ,pr\dhon rejects all o!r me?ods4 ,8 doctr9e is 9 accord ) ! con/itution & ! laws4#ahi ,accompli% ! ,revolution1 !y say1 & aft] ?is ev]y?+ w be cle>$ up4 ,z if ! ,revolution itself c\ld be accompli%$ )\t a lead+ idea6#aij ,to secure ju/ice to "o's self by blood%$ is an extremity to :i* ! ,cali=nians1 ga!r$ s9ce ye/]day to seek = gold1 may be r$uc$2 b may ! luck ( ,france pres]ve u f x6#aia ,despite ! viol5ce :i* we witness1 ,i d n believe t h]eaft] lib]ty w ne$ to use =ce to claim its rights & av5ge its wrongs4 ,reason w s]ve u bett]2 & pati5ce1 l ! ,revolution1 is inv9cible4#aib #b4 ,b h[ %all we conv9ce m51 h[ popul>ize ! idea1 if ! b\rgeoisie rema9s ho/ile2 if ! populace1 brutaliz$ by s]vitude1 full ( prejudices & bad in/9cts1 rema9s plung$ 9 indiff]5ce2 if ! pr(essors1 ! academicians1 ! press1 are calumniat+ y2 if ! c\rts are trucul5t2 if ! p[]s t be muffle y\r voice8 ,don't worry4 ,j z ! lack ( ideas makes "o lose ! mo/ promis+ games1 w> aga9/ ideas c only pu% =w>d ! ,revolution4 ,d y n see already t ! regime ( au?ority1 ( inequality1 ( pr$e/9ation1 ( et]nal salvation1 & ( reasons ( ,/ate1 is daily becom+ /ill m intol]able = ! well-to-d classes1 ^: consci5ce & reason x tortures1 ?an = ! mass1 ^: /oma* cries out aga9/ x8#aic #c4 ,! mo/ effective means = conv9c+ m51 accord+ to ,pr\dhon1 is to pres5t to ! p1 )9 ! ,/ate & )\t violat+ its law1 an example ( c5tralization spontane\s1 indep5d5t1 & social1 ?us apply+ ev5 n[ ! pr9ciples ( ! future con/itution ( society4#aid ,r\se t collective action )\t :i* ! condition ( ! p w =ev] be unhappy & its ef=ts p[]less4 ,tea* x to produce weal? & ord] ) its own h&s1 )\t ! help ( ! au?orities4#aie ,pr\dhon s\ght to give su* an example by ! f\nd+ ( ! ,p's ,bank4#aif ,! ,p's ,bank 0 to insure "w & prosp]ity to all produc]s by organiz+ !m z beg9n+ & end ( production ) reg>d to "o ano!r1--t is1 z capitali/s & z consum]s4#aig ,! ,p's ,bank 0 to be ! prop]ty ( all ! citiz5s :o accept$ its s]vices1 :o = ?is purpose furni%$ money to x if !y ?\ght t x c\ld n yet = "s "t d )\t a metallic basis1 & :o1 9 e case1 promis$ x _! pref]5ce 9 disc\nt+ pap]1 & receiv$ its notes z ca%4 ,accord+ly ! ,p's ,bank1 work+ = ! pr(it ( its cu/om]s !mselves1 _h no occasion to take int]e/ = its loans nor to *>ge a disc\nt on comm]cial pap]2 x _h only to take a v slight all[ance to cov] sal>ies & exp5ses4 ,s cr$it 0 ,,gratuit\s6--,! pr9ciple be+ realiz$1 ! consequ5ces unfold$ !mselves ad inf9itum4#aih ,s ! ,p's ,bank1 giv+ an example ( popul> initiative alike 9 gov]nm5t & 9 public economy1 :i* !nce=? 7 to be id5tifi$ 9 a s+le syn!sis1 0 becom+ = ! prolet>iat at once ! pr9ciple & ! in/rum5t ( _! emancipation2 x 0 creat+ political & indu/rial lib]ty4 ,&1 z e philosophy & e religion is ! metaphysical or symbolic expression ( social economy1 ! ,p's ,bank1 *ang+ ! mat]ial basis ( society1 0 u%]+ 9 ! revolution ( philosophy & religion2 x 0 ?us1 at lea/1 t its f\nd]s _h conceiv$ ( x4#aii ,all ?is c be/ be made cle> by reproduc+ "s provisions f ! con/itution ( ! ,p's ,bank4 ,art4 #a4 ,by ^! pres5ts a comm]cial company is f\nd$ "u ! "n ( ,societe de la ,banque du ,peuple1 consi/+ ( ,citiz5 ,pr\dhon1 "h pres5t1 & ! p]sons :o %all give _! ass5t to ?is con/itution by becom+ /ockhold]s4 ,art4 #c4444 ,= ! pres5t ! company w exi/ z a p>tn]%ip 9 :i* ,citiz5 ,pr\dhon %all be g5]al p>tn]1 & ! o!r p>ties conc]n$ %all be limit$ p>tn]s :o %all 9 no case be responsible = m ?an ! value ( _! %>es4 ,art4 #e4444 ,! firm "n %all be ,p4 ,j4 ,pr\dhon ,co4 ,art4 #f4 ,besides ! memb]s ( ! company prop]1 e citiz5 is invit$ to =m a "p ( ! ,p's ,bank z a co-op]ator4 ,= ?is x suffices to ass5t to ! bank's con/itution & to accept its pap]4 ,art4 #g4 ,! ,p's ,bank ,company be+ capable ( indef9ite ext5sion1 its virtual duration is endless4 ,h[ev]1 to con=m to ! requirem5ts ( ! law1 x fixes its duration at n9ety-n9e ye>s1 :i* %all comm5ce on ! day ( its def9itive organization4 ,art4 #i4444 ,! ,p's ,bank1 hav+ z its basis ! ess5tial gratuit\sness ( cr$it & ex*ange1 z its object ! circulation1 n ! production1 ( values1 & z its means ! mutual cons5t ( produc]s & consum]s1 c & %\ld "w )\t capital4 ,?is end w be rea*$ :5 ! entire mass ( produc]s & consum]s %all h ass5t$ to ! con/itution ( ! company4 ,till !n ! ,p's ,bank ,company1 hav+ to con=m to e/abli%$ cu/om & ! requirem5ts ( law1 & especially 9 ord] m effectively to invite citiz5s to jo9 x1 w provide itself ) capital4 ,art4 #aj4 ,! capital ( ! ,p's ,bank %all be five million francs1 divid$ into %>es ( five francs ea*4 444 ,! company %all be def9itively organiz$1 & its bus9ess %all beg91 :5 t5 ?\s& %>es are tak54 ,art4 #ab4 ,/ock %all be issu$ only at p>4 ,x %all be> no int]e/4 ,art4 #ae4 ,! pr9cipal bus9esses ( ! ,p's ,bank are1 #a1 to increase its ca% on h& by issu+ notes2 #b1 disc\nt+ endors$ comm]cial pap]2 #c1 disc\nt+ accept$ ord]s 7comm&es7 & bills 7factures72 #d1 loans on p]sonal prop]ty2 #e1 loans on p]sonal security2 #f1 advances on annuities & collat]al security2 #g1 paym5ts & collections2 #h1 advances to productive & indu/rial ent]prises 7la comm&e74 ,to ^! dep>tm5ts ! ,p's ,bank w add3 #i1 ! functions ( a sav+s bank & end[m5t insurance2 #aj1 insurance2 #aa1 safe deposit vaults2 #ab1 ! s]vice ( ! budget4#bjj ,art4 #ah4 ,9 di/9ction f ord9>y bank notes1 payable 9 specie to "s "o's ord]1 ! pap] ( ! ,p's ,bank is an ord] = goods1 ve/$ ) a social "*1 r5d]$ p]petual1 & is payable at sight by e /ockhold] & co-op]ator 9 ! products or s]vices ( 8 indu/ry or pr(ession4 ,art4 #ba4 ,e co-op]ator agrees to trade by pref]5ce1 = all goods :i* ! company c (f] him1 ) ! co-op]ators ( ! bank1 & to res]ve 8 ord]s exclusively = 8 fell[ /ockhold]s & fell[ co-op]ators4 ,9 return1 e produc] or tradesman co-op]at+ ) ! bank agrees to furni% 8 goods to ! o!r co-op]ators at a r$uc$ price4 ,art4 #fb4 ,! ,p's ,bank has its headqu>t]s 9 ,p>is4 ,its aim is1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 to e/abli% a bran* 9 e arrondissem5t & a correspond5t 9 e commune4 ,art4 #fc4 ,z soon z circum/ances p]mit1 ! pres5t company %all be conv]t$ into a corporation1 s9ce ?is =m all[s u to realize1 accord+ to ! wi% ( ! f\nd]s1 ! ?reefold pr9ciple1 fir/1 ( election2 second1 ( ! sep>ation & ! indep5d5ce ( ! bran*es ( "w2 ?ird1 ( ! p]sonal responsibility ( e employee4#bja ,,ii4 ,if once m5 are conv9c$ t ju/ice comm&s ! *ange1 !n w despotism fall ( itself by its v uselessness4#bjb ,! ,/ate & prop]ty disappe>1 law is trans=m$1 & ! new condition ( ?+s beg9s4 ,! ,revolution does n act aft] ! fa%ion ( ! old gov]nm5tal1 ari/ocratic1 or dyna/ic pr9ciple4 ,x is ,"r1 ! balance ( =ces1 equality4 ,x has no conque/s to pursue1 no nations to r$uce to s]vitude1 no fronti]s to def5d1 no =tresses to build1 no armies to fe$1 no laurels to pluck1 no prepond]ance to ma9ta94 ,! might ( its economic in/itutions1 ! gratuit\sness ( its cr$it1 ! brilliancy ( its ?\ght1 are its suffici5t means = conv]t+ ! univ]se4#bjc ,! ,revolution has = allies all :o suff] oppression & exploitation2 let x appe>1 & ! univ]se /ret*es its arms to x4#bjd ,i want ! peaceable revolution4 ,i want y to make ! v in/itutions :i* ,i *>ge y to aboli%1 & ! pr9ciples ( law :i* y w h to complete1 s]ve t[>d ! realization ( my wi%es1 s t ! new society %all appe> z ! spontane\s1 natural1 & necess>y developm5t ( ! old1 & t ! ,revolution1 :ile abrogat+ ! old ord] ( ?+s1 %all nev]!less be ! progress ( t ord]4#bje ,:5 ! p1 once enlight5$ reg>d+ its true int]e/s1 decl>es its w n to re=m ! gov]nm5t b to revolutionize society1#bjf !n ! dissolution ( gov]nm5t 9 ! economic organism#bjg w foll[ 9 a way ab\t :i* "o c at pres5t only make guesses4#bjh ,,footnotes3 #abe ,n 7z /at$ by ,diehl vol4 #b p4 #aaf1 ,z5k] p4 #fa7 #aheb4 #abf ,pr\dhon ,propriete p4 #bie #bab4 ,bracket$ ref]5ces "u ,pr\dhon are to ! collect$ edition ( 8 ,o,euvres completes1 ,p>is1 #ahff-hc4--,! passage quot$ above is probably ! fir/ case 9 hi/ory :]e anybody call$ himself an ,an>*i/1 ?\gh ! ^w _h long be5 9 use z a t]m ( reproa* = enemies4 #abg ,pr4 ,ju/ice #a4 #ahb-c #a4 #bbd-e4 #abh ,pr4 ,ju/ice #a4 #ahd-e #a4 #bbg4 #abi ,ib4 #a4 #gc #acb8 b !re he says mu/ be1 n is4 #acj ,ib4 #a4 #ahe #a4 #bbh4 #aca ,ib4 #a4 #aie #a4 #bce4 #acb ,ib4 #a4 #ahe #a4 #bbh4 #acc ,pr4 ,ju/ice #a4 #aie #a4 #bce4 #acd ,ib4 #c4 #de #c4 #bgf1 b ) ! bracket$ s5t5ce mu* abridg$4 ,= ! phrase rebel aga9/ "r1 rememb] t 9 ,fr5* "r & common law are "o & ! same ^w4 #ace ,pr4 ,propriete p4 #ah #bd-e4 #acf ,pr4 ,idee #adg-h #acf-g #acg ,ib4 #adi #ach4 #ach ,pr4 ,idee pp4 #adi-ej #ach4 #aci ,pr4 ,pr9cipe p4 #fd #dd4 #adj ,pr4 ,idee p4 #bce #bae4 #ada ,pr4 ,pr9cipe p4 #fd #dd4 #adb ,pr4 ,idee p4 #cdc #cab4 #adc ,pr4 ,idee pp4 #cdb-c #caa-ab4 #add ,pr4 ,confessions p4 #h #bi4 #ade ,ib4 p4 #f #bc4 #adf ,pr4 ,propriete p4 #cja #baf4 #adg ,ib4 pp4 #bih-i #bad4 #adh ,pr4 ,solution p4 #ed #ci4 #adi ,pr4 ,confessions p4 #g #bd4 #aej ,ib4 p4 #g #be-f4 #aea ,pr4 ,propriete p4 #cja #baf1 ,confessions p4 #fh #aib1 ,solution p4 #aai #hg4 #aeb ,pr4 ,pr9cipe p4 #fg #df4--,pr\dhon's tea*+ 0 n1 z ass]t$ by ,diehl vol4 #b p4 #aaf1 vol4 #c pp4 #aff-g1 & ,z5k] p4 #fa1 ,an>*ism till #aheb & ,f$]alism !nce=w>d2 8 ,an>*ism 0 ,f$]alism f ! />t1 only he lat] gave x ! additional "n ( ,f$]alism4 #aec ,pr4 ,propriete pp4 ,,xix-,,xx #aj-aa4 #aed ,pr4 ,idee pp4 #bce-f #bae-af4 #aee ,pr4 ,solution p4 #aai #hg4 #aef ,pr4 ,propriete pp4 #cja-b #baf4 #aeg ,pr4 ,confessions p4 #fe #ahj-c2 bracket$ words a p>aphrase4 #aeh ,pr4 ,confessions pp4 #fe-f #ahc-d1 except bracket$ words4 #aei ,ib4 pp4 #ff-h #ahe-i4 #afj ,pr4 ,confessions p4 #fh #aia-b4 #afa ,pfau pp4 #bbg-ca1 ,adl] p4 #cgb1 ,z5k] pp4 #bf1 #da1 fail to see ?is1 be+ influ5c$ by ! improp] s5se 9 :i* ,pr\dhon uses ! ^w prop]ty = a contractually gu>ante$ %>e ( goods4 ,eltzba*]'s /atem5t1 on ! o!r h&1 is n s mu* drawn f ,pr\dhon himself z d$uc$ f a comp>ison ( ,eltzba*]'s def9ition ( prop]ty ) ! /atem5t t ,pr\dhon admits no law b ! law ( contract4 ,i d n ?9k ?is la/ /atem5t is correct2 ,i ?9k ,pr\dhon w\ld h 8 volunt>y contractual associations protect _! memb]s 9 c]ta9 def9able respects--among o!rs1 9 ! possession ( goods--aga9/ ^? :o /ood outside ! contract z well z aga9/ ^? )94 ,!n ?is w\ld be1 by ,eltzba*]'s def9itions1 bo? law & prop]ty4 #afb ,pr4 ,contradictions #b4 #cjc-d #b4 #bcg-h4 #afc ,pr4 ,propriete pp4 #bhe-ij #bje-i4 #afd ,pr4 ,propriete p4 #bic #baa4 #afe ,ib4 pp4 #a-b #ac4 #aff ,ib4 p4 #bhc #bjd4 #afg ,ib4 p4 #caa #bbc4 #afh ,ib4 p4 #caa #bbc4 #afi ,ib4 p4 #caa #bbc4 #agj ,ib4 pp4 ,,xviii-,,xix #aj2 consult ! passage4 #aga ,ib4 pp4 ,,xix-,,xx #aa4 #agb ,pr4 ,contradictions #b4 #bcd-e #b4 #ahd4 #agc ,pr4 ,droit p4 #ej #bcj4 #agd ,pr4 ,ju/ice #a4 #cjb-c #a4 #cbd-e4 #age ,ib4 #cjc #a4 #cbe4 #agf ,pr4 ,idee p4 #bce #bae2 ,pr9cipe p4 #fd #dd4 #agg ,pr4 ,contradictions #a4 #ea #a4 #gd4 #agh ,ib4 #a4 #ec #a4 #ge4 #agi ,ib4 #a4 #ee4 #a4 #gf-g4 #ahj ,ib4 #a4 #fh #a4 #hg4 #aha ,ib4 #a4 #fh #a4 #hg4 #ahb ,ib4 #a4 #hc #a4 #ih-i4 #ahc ,pr4 ,ju/ice #a4 #cjb-c #a4 #cbe4 #ahd ,pr4 ,contradictions #b4 #ebh #b4 #dad4 #ahe ,pr4 ,organisation p4 #e #ic4 #ahf ,pr4 ,banque pp4 #c-d #bfj4 #ahg ,pr4 ,ju/ice #a4 #eae #b4 #acc4 #ahh ,ib4 #a4 #eae #b4 #acc4 #ahi ,pr4 ,confessions p4 #ga #bja4 #aij ,pr4 ,ju/ice #a1 #eae #b1 #acc4 ,eltzba*] f9ds ! s5se all w be enlight5$ :]e ,i translate ev]y?+ w be cle>$ up4 ,eltzba*]'s view ( ! s5se--t to ^? :o say ,enlight5m5t mu/ come by ! ,revolution ,pr\dhon replies1 ,no1 ! ,revolution mu/ come by enlight5m5t--correctly gives ! ?\ght br\ght out 9 ! context4 #aia ,pr4 ,ju/ice #a4 #dff #b4 #ij4 #aib ,ib4 #a4 #dgj-ga #b4 #id4 #aic ,ib4 #a4 #eae #b4 #acc-d4 #aid ,pr4 ,confessions p4 #fi #aif4 #aie ,ib4 p4 #gb #bjc4 #aif ,ib4 p4 #fi #aif4 #aig ,ib4 p4 #fi #aif4 #aih ,ib4 pp4 #fi-gj #aig4 #aii ,pr4 ,confessions p4 #gj #aig-h4 #bjj ,fr5* diction>ies leave u some:at 9 ! lur* z to comm]cial usages :i* diff] f ! ,engli%4 ,eltzba*] translates #h1 inve/m5t z sil5t p>tn]2 #ab1 balanc+ acc\nts4 #bja ,pr4 ,banque pp4 #e-bj #bfa-gg4 #bjb ,pr4 ,confessions p4 #gb #bjb-c4 #bjc ,pr4 ,ju/ice #a4 #eji #b4 #abh-i4 #bjd ,ib4 #a4 #eaj #b4 #abi4 #bje ,pr4 ,idee pp4 #aif-g #aha4 #bjf ,ib4 p4 #aig #aha4 #bjg ,ib4 p4 #bgg #bec4 #bjh ,ib4 pp4 #aie1 #aig #ahj-ha4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,/irn]',s ,,tea*+ #a4--;,,g5]al #a4 ,johann ,kasp> ,s*midt 0 born 9 #ahjf1 at ,bayreu? 9 ,bav>ia4 ,he /udi$ philosophy & !ology at ,b]l9 f #ahbf to #ahbh1 at ,erlang5 f #ahbh to #ahbi4 ,9 #ahbi he int]rupt$ 8 /udies1 made a prolong$ t\r ?r\gh ,g]many1 & !n liv$ alt]nately at ,ko5igsb]g & ,kulm till #ahcb4 ,f #ahcb to #ahcd he /udi$ at ,b]l9 aga92 9 #ahce he pass$ 8 te/s !re z ,gymnasiallehr]4 ,he receiv$ no gov]nm5t appo9tm5t1 h[ev]1 & 9 #ahci became tea*] 9 a "y ladies' sem9>y 9 ,b]l94 ,he gave up ?is place 9 #ahdd1 b cont9u$ to live 9 ,b]l91 & di$ !re 9 #ahef4 ,9 "p "u ! pseudonym ,max ,/irn]1 9 "p anonym\sly1 ,s*midt publi%$ a small numb] ( works1 mo/ly ( a philosophical nature4 #b4 ,/irn]'s tea*+ ab\t law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty is conta9$ *iefly 9 8 book ,d] ,e9zige und se9 ,eig5tum 7#ahde74 --,b "h arises ! "q1 ,c we speak ( su* a ?+ z a tea*+ ( ,/irn]'s8 ,/irn] recognizes no ought4 ,m5 are su* z !y %\ld be--c be4 ,:at %\ld !y be8 ,surely n m ?an !y c be6 ,& :at c !y be8 ,n m1 aga91 ?an !y--c1 i4 e4 ?an !y h ! ability1 ! /r5g?1 to be4#bji ,a man is 'call$' to no?+1 & has no 'prop] bus9ess1' no 'function1' z little z a plant or bea/ has a 'vocation4' ,he has n a vocation2 b he has p[]s1 :i* express !mselves :]e !y are1 because _! be+ consi/s only 9 _! expression1 & :i* c rema9 idle z little z life1 :i* w\ld no long] be life if x '/ood /ill' b = a second4 ,n[ "o might cry to man1 ',use y\r p[]4' ,b ?is imp]ative w\ld be giv5 ! mean+ t x 0 man's prop] bus9ess to use 8 p[]4 ,x is n s4 ,r1 e "o really does use 8 p[]1 )\t fir/ reg>d+ ?is z 8 vocation2 e "o uses 9 e mom5t z mu* p[] z he possesses4#baj ,nay1 ,/irn] ackn[l$ges no su* ?+ z tru?4 ,tru?s are phrases1 ways ( speak+1 words 7logos72 br\ght into connection1 or arrang$ by ranks & files1 !y =m logic1 sci5ce1 philosophy4#baa ,nor is !re a tru?1--n "r1 n lib]ty1 humanity1 etc41--:i* c\ld subsi/ be=e me1 & to :i* ,i w\ld submit4#bab ,if !re is a s+le tru? to :i* man mu/ consecrate 8 life & 8 p[]s because he is man1 !n he is subject$ to a rule1 dom9ion1 law1 etc42 he is a man 9 s]vice4#bac ,z long z y believe 9 tru?1 y d n believe 9 y\rself2 y are a--s]vant1 a--religi\s man4 ,y alone are tru?2 or r1 y are m ?an tru?1 :i* is no?+ at all be=e y4#bad ,if "o *ose to draw ! extreme inf]5ce f ?is1 ,/irn]'s book w\ld be only a self-av[al1 an expression ( ?\ghts )\t any claim to g5]al validity2 9 x ,/irn] w\ld n be in=m+ u :at he ?9ks to be true1 or :at 9 8 op9ion we ought to d1 b only giv+ u an opportunity to obs]ve ! play ( 8 ideas4 ,/irn] did n draw ?is inf]5ce1#bae & "o %\ld n let ! /yle ( ! book1 :i* speaks mo/ly ( ,/irn]'s ,i1 lead him to ?9k t ,/irn] did draw x4 ,he calls t man bl9d$1 :o wants to be only ',man'4#baf ,he takes ! floor aga9/ ! errone\s consci\sness ( n be+ able to entitle myself to z mu* z ,i want4#bag ,he mocks at our gr&mo!rs' belief 9 gho/s4#bah ,he decl>es t p5alty mu/ make room = satisfaction1#bai t man %\ld def5d himself aga9/ man4#bbj ,& he ass]ts t ov] ! door ( our "t /&s n ,apollo's ',"k ?yself1' b a ',turn y\rself to acc\nt6'#bba ,s ,/irn] int5ds n only to give u in=mation ab\t 8 inw>d condition at ! "t he compos$ 8 book1 b to tell u :at he ?9ks to be true & :at we ought to d2 8 book is n a m]e self-av[al1 b a sci5tific tea*+4 #c4 ,/irn] does n call 8 tea*+ ab\t law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty ,an>*ism4 ,he pref]s to use ! epi!t an>*ic to designate political lib]alism1 :i* he combats4#bbb #b4--;,,basis ,accord+ to ,/irn] ! supreme law = ea* "o ( u is 8 own welf>e4 ,:at does "o's own welf>e mean8 ,let u seek out ! enjoym5t ( life6#bbc ,h5ce=? ! "q is n h[ "o c acquire life1 b h[ he c exp5d x1 enjoy x2 n h[ "o is to produce 9 himself ! true ego1 b h[ he is to dissolve himself1 to live himself out4#bbd ,if ! enjoym5t ( life is to triumph ov] ! long+ or hope = life1 x mu/ ov]come x 9 its d\ble significance :i* ,s*ill] br+s out 9 ',! ,ideal & ,life'2 x mu/ cru% spiritual & temporal pov]ty1 aboli% ! ideal &--! want ( daily bread4 ,he :o mu/ lay out 8 life 9 prolong+ life _c enjoy x1 & he :o is /ill seek+ 8 life does n h x1 & c z little enjoy x2 bo? are poor4#bbe ,our own welf>e is our supreme law4 ,/irn] recognizes no duty4#bbf ,:e!r :at ,i ?9k & d is ,*ri/ian1 :at d ,i c>e8 ,:e!r x is human1 humane1 lib]al1 or unhuman1 inhumane1 illib]al1 :at d ,i ask ab\t t8 ,if only x aims at :at ,i w\ld h1 if only ,i satisfy myself 9 x1 !n fit x ) pr$icates z y l2 x is all "o to me4#bbg ,s !n my relation to ! _w is ?is3 ,i no long] d any?+ = x '= ,god's sake'1 ,i d no?+ '= man's sake'1 b :at ,i d ,i d '= my sake'4#bbh ,:]e ! _w comes 9 my way--& x comes 9 my way ev]y:]e--,i dev\r x to appease ! hung] ( my egoism4 ,y are to me no?+ b--my food1 j z ,i also am f$ ^u & us$ up by y4 ,we h only "o relation to ea* o!r1 t ( utility1 ( usabl5ess1 ( use4#bbi ,i too love m51 n m]ely individuals1 b e "o4 ,b ,i love !m ) ! consci\sness ( egoism2 ,i love !m because love makes me happy1 ,i love because love is natural to me1 because x pleases me4 ,i "k no 'comm&m5t ( love'4#bcj #c4--,,law ,i4 ,look+ to ea* "o's own welf>e1 ,/irn] rejects law1 & t )\t any limitation to p>ticul> spatial or temporal conditions4 ,law#bca exi/s n by ! individual's recogniz+ x z favorable to 8 int]e/s1 b by 8 hold+ x sacr$4 ,:o c ask ab\t '"r' if he is n occupy+ ! religi\s /&po9t j l o!r p8 ,is n '"r' a religi\s concept1 i4 e4 some?+ sacr$8#bcb ,:5 ! ,revolution /amp$ lib]ty z a '"r' x took refuge 9 ! religi\s sph]e1 9 ! region ( ! sacr$1 ! ideal4#bcc ,i am to rev]e ! sultanic law 9 a sultanate1 ! popul> law 9 republics1 ! canon law 9 ,ca?olic communities1 etc4 ,i am to subord9ate myself to ^! laws1 ,i am to c\nt !m sacr$4#bcd ,! law is sacr$1 & he :o outrages x is a crim9al4#bce ,!re are no crim9als except aga9/ some?+ sacr$2#bcf crime falls :5 ! sacr$ disappe>s4#bcg ,puni%m5t has a mean+ only 9 relation to some?+ sacr$4#bch ,:at does ! prie/ :o admoni%es ! crim9al d8 ,he sets =? to him ! great wrong ( hav+ by 8 act desecrat$ t :i* 0 hall[$ by ! ,/ate1 its prop]ty 79 :i*1 y w see1 ! lives ( ^? :o belong to ! ,/ate mu/ be includ$74#bci ,b law is no m sacr$ ?an x is favorable to ! individual's welf>e4 ,"r--is a delusion1 be/[$ by a gho/4#bdj ,m5 h n recov]$ ! ma/]y ov] ! ?\ght ( '"r1' :i* !y !mselves creat$2 _! creature is runn+ away ) !m4#bda ,let ! individual man claim ev] s _m rights2 :at d ,i c>e = 8 "r & 8 claim8#bdb ,i d n respect !m4--,:at y h ! might to be y h ! "r to be4 ,i d$uce all "r & all entitlem5t f myself2 ,i am entitl$ to ev]y?+ t ,i h might ov]4 ,i am entitl$ to ov]?r[ ,zeus1 ,jehovah1 ,god1 etc41 if ,i c2 if ,i _c1 !n ^! gods w always rema9 9 ! "r & 9 ! might z aga9/ me4#bdc ,"r crumbles into its no?+ness :5 x is swall[$ up by =ce1#bdd b ) ! concept ! ^w too loses its mean+4#bde ,! p w p]haps be aga9/ ! blasphem]2 h5ce a law aga9/ blasphemy4 ,%all ,i !re=e n blaspheme8 ,is ?is law to be m to me ?an an ord]8#bdf ,he :o has might '/&s above ! law'4#bdg ,! e>? belongs to him :o kn[s h[ to take x1 or :o does n let x be tak5 f him1 does n let himself be depriv$ ( x4 ,if he appropriates x1 !n n m]ely ! e>?1 b also ! "r to x1 belongs to him4 ,?is is egoi/ic "r2 i4 e41 x suits me1 !re=e x is "r4#bdh ,,ii4 ,self-welf>e comm&s t 9 future x itself %\ld be m5's rule ( action 9 place ( ! law4 ,ea* ( u is unique1#bdi a _w's hi/ory = himself1#bej &1 :5 he kn[s himself z unique1#bea he is a self-own]4#beb ,god & mank9d h made no?+ _! object1 no?+ b !mselves4 ,let me !n likewise make myself my object1 :o am1 z well z ,god1 ! no?+ ( all else1 :o am my all1 :o am ! ,unique4#bec ,away !n ) e bus9ess t is n altoge!r my bus9ess6 ,y ?9k at lea/ ! 'good cause' mu/ be my bus9ess8 ,:at good1 :at bad8 ,:y1 ,i myself am my bus9ess1 & ,i am nei!r good nor bad4 ,nei!r has mean+ = me4 ,:at is div9e is ,god's bus9ess1 :at is human ',man's4' ,my bus9ess is nei!r :at is div9e nor :at is human1 x is n :at is true1 good1 "r1 free1 etc41 b only :at is m9e2 & x is no g5]al bus9ess1 b is--unique1 z ,i am unique4 ,no?+ is m to me ?an myself6#bed ,:at a diff]5ce betwe5 fre$om & self-own]%ip6 ,i am free f :at ,i am rid (2 ,i am own] ( :at ,i h 9 my p[]4#bee ,my fre$om becomes complete only :5 x is my--might2 b by ?is ,i cease to be a m]e freeman & become a self-own]4#bef ,ea* mu/ say to himself1 ,i am all to myself & ,i d all = my sake4 ,if x ev] became cle> to y t ,god1 ! comm&m5ts1 etc41 d y only h>m1 t !y encroa* on y & ru9 y1 y w\ld c]ta9ly ca/ !m f y j z ! ,*ri/ians once condemn$ ,apollo or ,m9]va or hea!n morality4#beg ,h[ "o acts only f himself1 & asks no que/ions ab\t any?+ fur!r1 ! ,*ri/ians h made concrete 9 ! idea ( ',god4' ,he acts 'z pleases him'4#beh ,might is a f9e ?+ & useful = _m ?+s2 = '"o gets f>!r ) a h&ful ( might ?an ) a bagful ( "r4' ,y long = fre$om8 ,y fools6 ,if y took might1 fre$om w\ld come ( itself4 ,see1 he :o has might '/&s above ! law4' ,h[ does ?is prospect ta/e to y1 y 'law-abid+' p8 ,b y h no ta/e6#bei #d4--,,! ,,/ate ,i4 ,toge!r ) law ,/irn] necess>ily has to reject also1 j z unconditionally1 ! legal in/itution :i* is call$ ,/ate4 ,)\t law ! ,/ate is n possible4 ',respect = ! /atutes6' ,by ?is cem5t ! :ole fabric ( ! ,/ate is held toge!r4#bfj ,! ,/ate z well z ! law1 !n1 exi/s1 n by ! individual's recogniz+ x z favorable to 8 welf>e1 b r by 8 c\nt+ x sacr$1 by our be+ entangl$ 9 ! error t x is an ,i1 z :i* x applies to itself ! "n ( a 'moral1 my/ical1 or political p]son4' ,i1 :o really am ,i1 mu/ pull (f ?is lion's sk9 ( ! ,i f ! p>ad+ ?i/le-eat]4#bfa ,! same holds good ( ! ,/ate z ( ! family4 ,if ea* "o :o belongs to ! family is to recognize & ma9ta9 t family 9 its p]man5t exi/5ce1 !n to ea* ! tie ( blood mu/ be sacr$1 & 8 feel+ = x mu/ be t ( family piety1 ( respect = ! ties ( blood1 :]eby e blood-relative becomes hall[$ to him4 ,s1 also1 to e memb] ( ! ,/ate-community ?is community mu/ be sacr$1 & ! concept :i* is supreme to ! ,/ate mu/ be supreme to him too4#bfb ,! ,/ate is n only entitl$1 b compell$1 to dem& ?is4#bfc ,b ! ,/ate is n sacr$4 ,! ,/ate's behavior is viol5ce1 & x calls its viol5ce 'law'1 b t ( ! individual 'crime'4#bfd ,if ,i d n d :at x wi%es1 !n ! ,/ate turns aga9/ me ) all ! =ce ( its lion-paws & eagle-talons2 = x is ! k+ ( bea/s1 x is lion & eagle4#bfe ,ev5 if y d ov]p[] y\r oppon5t z a p[]1 x does n foll[ t y are to him a hall[$ au?ority1 unless he is a deg5]ate4 ,he does n owe y respect1 & rev]5ce1 ev5 if he w be w>y ( y\r might4#bff ,nor is ! ,/ate favorable to ! individual's welf>e4 ,i am ! mortal enemy ( ! ,/ate4#bfg ,! g5]al welf>e z su* is n my welf>e1 b only ! extremity ( self-d5ial4 ,! g5]al welf>e may exult al\d :ile ,i mu/ lie l a hu%$ dog2 ! ,/ate may be 9 spl5dor :ile ,i />ve4#bfh ,e ,/ate is a despotism1 :e!r ! despot be "o or _m1 or :e!r1 z p usually conceive to be ! case 9 a republic1 all are ma/]s1 i4 e4 ea* tyrannizes ov] ! o!rs4#bfi ,d\btless ! ,/ate leaves ! individuals z free play z possible1 only !y mu/ n turn ! play to e>ne/1 mu/ n =get x4 ,! ,/ate has nev] any object b to limit ! individual1 to tame him1 to subord9ate him1 to subject him to some?+ g5]al2 x la/s only s long z ! individual is n all 9 all1 & is only ! cle>-cut limitation ( me1 my limit$ness1 my slav]y4#bgj ,a ,/ate nev] aims to br+ ab\t ! free activity ( individuals1 b only t activity :i* is b\nd to ! ,/ate's purpose4#bga ,! ,/ate seeks to h9d] e free activity by its c5sor%ip1 its ov]sight1 its police1 & c\nts ?is h9d]+ z its duty1 because x is 9 tru? a duty ( self-pres]vation4#bgb ,i am n all[$ to d all ! "w ,i c1 b only s mu* z ! ,/ate p]mits2 ,i mu/ n turn my ?\ghts to acc\nt1 nor my "w1 nor1 9 g5]al1 any?+ t is m9e4#bgc ,paup]ism is ! valuelessness ( ,me1 ! ph5om5on ( my be+ unable to turn myself to acc\nt4 ,!re=e ,/ate & paup]ism are "o & ! same4 ,! ,/ate does n let me atta9 my value1 & exi/s only by my valuelessness2 its goal is always to get "s b5efit out ( me1 i4 e4 to exploit me1 to use me up1 ev5 if ?is us+ consi/$ only 9 my provid+ a proles 7prolet>iat72 x wants me to be 'its creature'4#bgd ,! ,/ate _c brook man's /&+ 9 a direct relation to man2 x mu/ come betwe5 z a--m$iator1 x mu/--int]v5e4 ,x te>s man f man1 to put itself z '_s' 9 ! middle4 ,! labor]s :o dem& a high] wage are treat$ z crim9als s soon z !y want to get x by compulsion4 ,:at are !y to d8 ,)\t compulsion !y don't get x1 & 9 compulsion ! ,/ate sees a self-help1 a price fix$ by ! ego1 a real1 free turn+ to acc\nt ( "o's prop]ty1 :i* x _c p]mit4#bge ,,ii4 ,e man's own welf>e dem&s t a social human life solely on ! basis ( its precepts %\ld take ! place ( ! ,/ate4 ,/irn] calls ?is sort ( social life ! union ( egoi/s4#bgf #a4 ,ev5 aft] ! ,/ate is aboli%$ m5 are to live toge!r 9 society4 ,self-own]s w fight = ! unity :i* is _! own w1 = union4#bgg ,b :at is to keep m5 toge!r 9 ! union8 ,n a promise1 at any rate1 ,if ,i 7 b\nd to-day & h]eaft] to my w ( ye/]day1 my w w\ld be b5umb$4 ,my creature1 viz41 a p>ticul> expression ( w1 w\ld h become my dom9ator4 ,because ,i 0 a fool ye/]day ,i mu/ rema9 su* all my life4#bgh ,! union is my own creation1 my creature1 n sacr$1 n a spiritual p[] above my _s1 z little z any association ( :atev] sort4 ,z ,i am n will+ to be a slave to my maxims1 b lay !m b>e to my con/ant criticism )\t any w>rant1 & admit no bail :atev] = _! cont9uance1 s /ill less d ,i pl$ge myself to ! union = my future & swe> away my s\l to x z m5 are said to d ) ! devil1 & z is really ! case ) ! ,/ate & all intellectual au?ority2 b ,i am & rema9 m to myself ?an ,/ate1 ,*ur*1 ,god1 & ! l1 &1 consequ5tly1 also inf9itely m ?an ! union4#bgi ,r1 m5 are to be held toge!r 9 ! union by ! advantage :i* ea* individual has f ! union at e mom5t4 ,if ,i c use my fell[-m51 !n ,i am likely to come to an und]/&+ & unite myself ) !m1 9 ord] to /r5g!n my p[] by ! agreem5t1 & to d m by jo9t =ce ?an individual =ce c\ld accompli%4 ,9 ?is jo9d] ,i see no?+ at all else ?an a multiplication ( my /r5g?1 & only s long z x is my multipli$ /r5g? d ,i reta9 x4#bhj ,h5ce ! union is some?+ q diff]5t f t society :i* ,communism means to f\nd4#bha ,y br+ into ! union y\r :ole p[]1 y\r ability1 & ass]t y\rself2 9 society y ) y\r labor-/r5g? are sp5t4 ,9 ! =m] y live egoi/ically1 9 ! latt] humanly1 i4 e4 religi\sly1 z a 'memb] 9 ! body ( ?is ,"l'4 ,y owe to society :at y h1 & are 9 duty b\nd to x1 are--possess$ by 'social duties'2 y utilize ! union1 &1 undutiful & unfai?ful1 give x up :5 y are no long] able to get any use out ( x4 ,if society is m ?an y1 !n x is ( m consequ5ce to y ?an y\rself2 ! union is only y\r tool1 or ! sword ) :i* y %>p5 & enl>ge y\r natural /r5g?2 ! union exi/s = y & by y1 society contr>iwise claims y = itself & exi/s ev5 )\t y2 9 %ort1 society is sacr$1 ! union is y\r own2 society uses y up1 y use up ! union4#bhb #b4 ,b :at =m may su* a social life take 9 detail8 ,9 reply to 8 critic1 ,moses ,hess1 ,/irn] gives "s examples ( unions t already exi/4 ,p]haps at ?is mom5t *ildr5 are runn+ toge!r "u 8 w9d[ = a comrade%ip ( play2 let him look at !m1 & he w espy m]ry egoi/ic unions4 ,p]haps ,hess has a fri5d or a swee!>t2 !n he may "k h[ he>t jo9s itself to he>t1 h[ two ( !m unite egoi/ically 9 ord] to h ! enjoym5t ( ea* o!r1 & h[ nei!r 'gets ! wor/ ( ! b>ga94' ,p]haps he meets a few pleasant acqua9tances on ! /reet & is invit$ to accompany !m into a w9e-%op2 does he g ) !m 9 ord] to d an act ( k9dness to !m1 or does he 'unite' ) !m because he promises himself enjoym5t f x8 ,d !y h to give him _! be/ ?anks = 8 'self-sacrifice' or d !y "k t = an h\r !y =m$ an 'egoi/ic union' toge!r8#bhc ,/irn] ev5 ?9ks ( a ,g]man ,union4#bhd #e4--,,prop]ty ,i4 ,toge!r ) law ,/irn] necess>ily has to reject also1 & j z unconditionally1 ! legal in/itution ( prop]ty4 ,?is lives by grace ( ! law4 ,x has its gu>antee only 9 ! law2 x is n a fact1 b a fiction1 a ?\ght4 ,?is is law-prop]ty1 legal prop]ty1 w>rant$ prop]ty4 ,x is m9e n by me1 b by--law4#bhe ,prop]ty 9 ?is s5se1 z well z ! law & ! ,/ate1 is bas$ n on ! individual's recogniz+ x z favorable to 8 welf>e1 b on 8 c\nt+ x sacr$4 ,prop]ty 9 ! civil s5se means sacr$ prop]ty1 9 su* a way t ,i mu/ respect y\r prop]ty4 ',h respect = prop]ty6' ,!re=e ! political lib]als w\ld l e "o to h 8 bit ( prop]ty1 & h 9 "p br\ght ab\t an incr$ible p>cellation by _! ef=ts 9 ?is direction4 ,e "o mu/ h 8 bone1 on :i* he may f9d some?+ to bite4#bhf ,b prop]ty is n sacr$4 ,i d n /ep timidly back f y\r prop]ty1 be y "o or _m1 b look ^u x always z my prop]ty1 9 :i* ,i h no ne$ to 'respect' any?+4 ,n[ d ! l ) :at y call my prop]ty6#bhg ,nor is prop]ty favorable to ! individual's welf>e4 ,prop]ty1 z ! civic lib]als und]/& x1 is unt5able1 because ! civic proprietor is really no?+ b a prop]tyless man1 a man ev]y:]e exclud$4 ,in/ead ( ! _w's belong+ to him1 z x might1 !re belongs to him n ev5 ! paltry po9t on :i* he turns ar\nd4#bhh ,,ii4 ,e "o's own welf>e comm&s t a di/ribution ( commodities bas$ solely on its precepts %\ld take ! place ( prop]ty4 ,:5 ,/irn] designates z prop]ty ! %>e ( commodities assign$ to ! individual by ^! precepts1 x is 9 ! improp] s5se 9 :i* he con/antly uses ! ^w prop]ty3 9 ! prop] s5se only a %>e ( commodities assign$ by law c be call$ prop]ty4#bhi ,n[1 accord+ to ! decrees ( 8 own welf>e1 e man %\ld h all t he is p[]ful en\gh to obta94 ,:at !y are n compet5t to te> f me ! p[] ov]1 t rema9s my prop]ty3 all "r1 !n let p[] decide ab\t prop]ty1 & ,i w expect ev]y?+ f my p[]6 ,ali5 p[]1 p[] t ,i leave to ano!r1 makes me a slave2 !n let own p[] make me an own]4#bij ,to :at prop]ty am ,i entitl$8 ,to any to :i* ,i--emp[] myself4 ,i give myself ! "r ( prop]ty 9 tak+ prop]ty to myself1 or giv+ myself ! proprietor's p[]1 pl5>y p[]1 emp[]m5t4#bia ,:at ,i am compet5t to h is my 'compet5ce4'#bib ,! sick1 *ildr51 ! ag$1 are /ill compet5t = a great deal2 e4 g4 to receive _! liv+ in/ead ( tak+ x4 ,if !y are compet5t to control y to ! ext5t ( hav+ y desire _! cont9u$ exi/5ce1 !n !y h a p[] ov] y4#bic ,:at compet5ce ! *ild possesses 9 its smile1 its play1 its cry+1--9 %ort1 9 its m]e exi/5ce6 ,are y capable ( resi/+ its dem&8 or d y n hold out to x1 z a "m1 y\r brea/1--z a fa!r1 s mu* ( y\r belong+s z x ne$s8 ,x puts y "u con/ra9t1 & !re=e possesses :at y call y\rs4#bid ,prop]ty1 !re=e1 %\ld n & _c be done away )2 r1 x mu/ be torn f gho/ly h&s & become my prop]ty2 !n w ! errone\s consci\sness t ,i _c entitle myself to z mu* z ,i want vani%4--',b :at _c a man want8' ,well1 he :o wants mu*1 & kn[s h[ to get x1 has 9 all times tak5 x to him1 z ,napoleon did ! cont95t1 & ! ,fr5* ,alg]ia4 ,!re=e ! only po9t is j t ! respectful 'l[] classes' %\ld at l5g? le>n to take to !mselves :at !y want4 ,if !y rea* _! h&s too f> = y1 :y1 def5d y\rselves4#bie ,:at 'man' wants does n by any means furni% a scale = me & my ne$s2 = ,i may h a use = m1 or = less4 ,r1 ,i mu/ h z mu* z ,i am compet5t to appropriate to myself4#bif #b4 ,9 ?is matt]1 z well z 9 o!rs1 unions w multiply ! individual's means & make secure 8 assail$ prop]ty4#big ,:5 x is our w no long] to leave ! l& to ! l&-own]s1 b to appropriate x to ourselves1 we unite ourselves = ?is purpose2 we =m a union1 a societe1 :i* makes itself own]2 if we are successful1 !y cease to be l&-own]s4 ,&1 z we *ase !m out f l& & soil1 s we c also f _m ano!r prop]ty1 to make x our own1 ! prop]ty ( !--conqu]ors4 ,! conqu]ors =m a society1 :i* "o may conceive ( z s great t by degrees x embraces all mank9d2 b s-call$ mank9d is also1 z su*1 only a ?\ght 7gho/72 its reality is ! individuals4 ,& ^! individuals z a collective mass w deal n less arbitr>ily ) l& & soil ?an does an isolat$ individual4#bih ,:at all want to h a %>e 9 w be )drawn f t individual :o wants to h x = himself alone2 x is made a common possession4 ,z a common possession e "o has a %>e 9 x1 & ?is %>e is 8 prop]ty4 ,j s1 ev5 9 our old relations1 a h\se :i* belongs to five heirs is _! common possession2 b ! fif? "p ( ! proce$s is ea* "o's prop]ty4 ,! prop]ty :i* = ! pres5t is /ill )held f u c be bett] made use ( :5 x is 9 ! h&s ( u all4 ,let u !re=e associate ourselves = ! purpose ( ?is robb]y4#bii #f4--,,realization ,accord+ to ,/irn] ! *ange :i* e "o's own welf>e requires is to come ab\t 9 ?is way1--t m5 9 suffici5t numb] fir/ und]go an inw>d *ange & recognize _! own welf>e z _! highe/ law1 & t ^! m5 !n br+ to pass by =ce ! outw>d *ange also3 to wit1 ! abrogation ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty1 & ! introduction ( ! new condition4 ,i4 ,! fir/ & mo/ important ?+ is ! inw>d *ange ( m54 ,revolution & insurrection mu/ n be reg>d$ z synonym\s4 ,! =m] consi/s 9 an ov]turn+ ( conditions1 ( ! exi/+ condition or /ate1 ! ,/ate or society1 & s is a political or social act2 ! latt] has inde$ a trans=mation ( conditions z its inevitable consequ5ce1 b />ts n f ?is b f m5's discont5t ) !mselves1 is n a lift+ ( %ields b a lift+ ( individuals1 a com+ up1 )\t reg>d to ! arrangem5ts t spr+ f x4 ,! ,revolution aim$ at new arrangem5ts3 ! ,insurrection leads to no long] hav+ ourselves arrang$ b arrang+ ourselves1 & sets no brilliant hope on 'in/itutions4' ,x is n a fight aga9/ ! exi/+ ord]1 s9ce1 if x prosp]s1 ! exi/+ ord] collapses ( itself2 x is only a work+ my way out ( ! exi/+ ord]4 ,if ,i leave ! exi/+ ord]1 x is dead & passes into decay4 ,n[1 s9ce my purpose is n ! upsett+ ( an exi/+ ord] b ! lift+ ( myself above x1 my aim & act are n political or social1 b1 z direct$ ^u myself & my ownness alone1 egoi/ic4#cjj ,:y 0 ! f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity n a revolutioni/1 n a demagogue z ! ,jews w\ld h lik$ to see him2 :y 0 he n a ,lib]al8 ,because he expect$ no salvation f a *ange ( conditions1 & ?is :ole bus9ess 0 indiff]5t to him4 ,he 0 n a revolutioni/1 l ,caes> = in/ance1 b an insurg5t2 n an ov]turn] ( ! ,/ate1 b "o :o /raight5$ himself up4 ,he wag$ no ,lib]al or political w> aga9/ ! exi/+ au?orities1 b want$ to g 8 own way reg>dless ( ^! au?orities & undi/urb$ by !m4#cja ,ev]y?+ sacr$ is a bond1 a fett]4 ,ev]y?+ sacr$ w be1 mu/ be1 p]v]t$ by p]v]t]s ( law2 !re=e our pres5t "t has su* p]v]t]s by ! quantity 9 all sph]es4 ,!y are prep>+ = ! break ( ! law1 = lawlessness4#cjb ,reg>d y\rself z m p[]ful ?an !y allege y to be1 & y h m p[]2 reg>d y\rself z m1 & y are m4#cjc ,! poor become free & proprietors only :5 !y--'rise'4#cjd ,only f egoism c ! l[] classes get help1 & ?is help !y mu/ give to !mselves &--w give to !mselves4 ,if !y d n let !mselves be con/ra9$ into fe>1 !y are a p[]4#cje ,,ii4 ,fur!rmore1 9 ord] to br+ ab\t ! trans=mation ( conditions#cjf & put ! new condition 9 ! place ( law1 ,/ate1 & prop]ty1 viol5t insurrection aga9/ ! condition t has hi!rto exi/$ is requisite4 #a4 ,! ,/ate c be ov]come only by a viol5t arbitr>9ess4#cjg ,! individual's viol5ce ,gewalt is call$ crime ,v]bre*51 & only by crime does he break bre*5 ! ,/ate's au?ority ,gewalt :5 he op9es t ! ,/ate is n above him1 b he above ! ,/ate4#cjh ,"h too ! result is t ! ?9k]s' combat aga9/ ! gov]nm5t is wrong1 viz4 9 impot5ce1 s f> z x _c br+ into ! field any?+ b ?\ghts aga9/ a p]sonal p[] 7! egoi/ic p[] /ops ! m\?s ( ! ?9k]s74 ,! !oretical combat _c complete ! victory1 & ! sacr$ p[] ( ?\ght succumbs to ! might ( egoism4 ,x is only ! egoi/ic combat1 ! combat ( egoi/s on bo? sides1 t cle>s up ev]y?+4#cji ,! prop]ty "q _c be solv$ s g5tly z ! ,sociali/s1 ev5 ! ,communi/s1 dream4 ,x is solv$ only by ! w> ( all aga9/ all4#caj ,let me !n retract ! might :i* ,i h conc$$ to o!rs out ( ignorance reg>d+ ! /r5g? ( my own might6 ,let me say to myself1 ',:atev] my might rea*es to is my prop]ty1' & !n claim z prop]ty all t ,i feel myself /rong en\gh to atta92 & let me make my real prop]ty ext5d z f> z ,i entitle 7i4 e4 emp[]7 myself to take4#caa ,9 ord] to extirpate ! unpossess+ rabble1 egoism does n say1 ',wait & see :at ! ,bo>d ( ,equity w--donate to y 9 ! "n ( ! collectivity'1 b ',put y\r h& to x & take :at y ne$6'#cab ,9 ?is combat ,/irn] agrees to all me?ods4 ,i w n draw back ) a %udd] f any act because !re dwells 9 x a _s ( godlessness1 immorality1 wrongfulness1 z little z ,/4 ,boniface 0 dispos$ to ab/a9 f *opp+ d[n ! hea!ns' sacr$ oak on acc\nt ( religi\s scruples4#cac ,! p[] ov] life & dea?1 :i* ,*ur* & ,/ate res]v$ to !mselves1 ?is too ,i call--m9e4#cad ,! life ( ! individual man ,i rate only at :at x is wor?4 ,8 goods1 ! mat]ial & ! spiritual alike1 are m9e1 & ,i dispose ( !m z proprietor to ! ext5t ( my--might4#cae #b4 ,/irn] depicts = u a s+le ev5t 9 ?is viol5t trans=mation ( conditions4 ,he assumes t c]ta9 m5 come to realize t !y occupy a disproportionately unfavorable position 9 ! ,/ate z comp>$ ) o!rs :o receive ! pref]5ce4 ,^? :o are 9 ! unfavorable position take c\rage to ask ! "q1 ',by :at1 !n1 is y\r prop]ty secure1 y favor$ ones8' & give !mselves ! answ]1 ',by our refra9+ f int]f]5ce6 ,by our protection1 !re=e6 ,& :at d y give u = x8 ,kicks & contempt y give ! common p2 police ov]sight1 & a cate*ism ) ! *ief s5t5ce ,respect :at is n y\rs1 :at belongs to o!rs6 respect o!rs1 & especially sup]iors6 ,b we reply1 ,if y want our respect1 buy x = a price t %all be acceptable to u4 ,we w leave y y\r prop]ty1 if y pay duly = ?is leav+4 ,) :at1 inde$1 does ! g5]al 9 "t ( peace pay = ! _m ?\s&s ( 8 ye>ly income8 or ,ano!r = ! %e] hundr$-?\s&s & millions8 ,) :at d y pay u = *ew+ potatoes & look+ quietly on :ile y swall[ oy/]s8 ,only buy ! oy/]s f u z de> z we h to buy ! potatoes f y1 & y may g on eat+ !m4 ,or d y suppose ! oy/]s d n belong to u z mu* z to y8 ,y w make an outcry ab\t viol5ce if we take hold & help eat !m1 & y are "r4 ,)\t viol5ce we d n get !m1 z y no less h !m by do+ viol5ce to u4 ',b take ! oy/]s & done ) x1 & let u come to :at is 9 a clos] way our prop]ty 7= ?is o!r is only possession7--to labor4 ,we toil twelve h\rs 9 ! sweat ( our =eheads1 & y (f] u a few gros*5 = x4 ,!n take ! l = y\r labor too4 ,we w come to t]ms all "r if only we h fir/ agre$ on ! po9t t nei!r any long] ne$s to--donate any?+ to ! o!r4 ,= c5turies we h (f]$ y alms 9 our k9dly--/upidity1 h giv5 ! mite ( ! poor & r5d]$ to ! ma/]s :at is--n ! ma/]s'2 n[ j op5 y\r bags1 = h5ce=? !re is a trem5d\s rise 9 ! price ( our w>e4 ,we w take no?+ away f y1 no?+ at all1 only y %all pay bett] = :at y want to h4 ,:at h y !n8 ,i h an e/ate ( a ?\s& acres4 ,& ,i am y\r pl[man1 & w h]eaft] d y\r pl[+ only = a ?al] a day wages4 ,!n ,i'll get ano!r4 ,y w n f9d "o1 = we pl[m5 are no long] do+ any?+ diff]5t1 & if "o pres5ts himself :o takes less1 let him bew>e ( u4'#caf ,,footnotes3 #bji ,/irn] p4 #dci4 ,! page-numb]s ( ,/irn]'s fir/ edition1 "h cit$1 agree almo/ exactly ) ^? ( ! ,engli% translation "u ! title ,! ,ego & ,8 ,own4 ,any passage quot$ "h w 9 g5]al be f\nd 9 ! ,engli% translation ei!r on ! page ^: numb] is giv5 or on ! prec$+ page2 = ! e>ly pages1 subtract two or ?ree f ! numb]4 #baj ,ib4 pp4 #dce-f4 #baa ,ib4 p4 #dfe4 #bab ,ib4 p4 #dfd4 #bac ,ib4 p4 #dff4 #bad ,/irn] p4 #dgc4 #bae ,no m d 8 adh]5ts1 e4 g4 ,mackay1 ,/irn] pp4 #afd-e4 #baf ,/irn] p4 #cbb4 #bag ,ib4 p4 #cdc4 #bah ,ib4 p4 #de4 #bai ,ib4 p4 #cah4 #bbj ,ib4 p4 #cah4 #bba ,ib4 p4 #dbj4 #bbb ,ib4 pp4 #ahi-ij4 #bbc ,/irn] p4 #dbg4 #bbd ,ib4 p4 #dbh4 #bbe ,ib4 p4 #dbi4 #bbf ,ib4 p4 #beh4 #bbg ,ib4 p4 #dgh4 #bbh ,ib4 p4 #dbf4 #bbi ,/irn] p4 #cie4 #bcj ,ib4 p4 #chg4 #bca ,to und]/& "s ( ! foll[+ citations x is necess>y to rememb] t 9 ,g]man law 79 ! s5se ( common law1 or includ+ ?is7 & "r are "o & ! same ^w4--,:ile x is probably n fair to say t ^! assaults ( ,/irn] are direct$ only aga9/ "s laws1 x does seem fair to say t !y d5y to ! laws only "s sorts ( validity4 ,we h v little mat]ial = compil+ ! con/ructive side ( ,/irn]'s tea*+1 = he avoid$ specify+ :at ?+s ! ,egoi/s or _! unions 7 to d 9 8 future social ord]2 he said explicitly t ! only way to "k :at a slave w d :5 he breaks 8 fett]s is to wait & see4 ,b1 :ile he may n[h]e h /at$ a law :i* is to obta9 9 ! good "t com+1 nei!r has he said any?+ :i* au?orizes u to decl>e t none ( 8 unions w ev] make laws on su* a basis z 7= in/ance7 ! rules ( ! ,/ock ,ex*ange4 ,on page #aad bel[ is quot$ a passage :]e he di/9ctly & approv+ly contemplates ! possibility t a union ( 8 foll[]s may fix a m9imum wage1 & may ?reat5 viol5ce to any p]son :o cons5ts to "w bel[ ! scale4 ,?is w\ld be law1 & might easily be ! g]m ( a ,/ate4 ,on pages #ajh & #aji are quot$ passages :i* /rongly sugge/ t ! ,egoi/ic union w\ld und]take to def5d its memb] aga9/ all int]f]5ce ) 8 possession ( c]ta9 goods2 ?is w\ld be bo? law & prop]ty4 #bcb ,/irn] p4 #bdg4 #bcc ,/irn] p4 #bdh4 #bcd ,ib4 p4 #bdf4 #bce ,ib4 p4 #cad4 #bcf ,ib4 p4 #bfh4 #bcg ,ib4 p4 #cag4 #bch ,ib4 pp4 #cag1 #caf4 #bci ,ib4 pp4 #bfe-f4 #bdj ,ib4 p4 #bgf4 #bda ,ib4 p4 #bgj4 #bdb ,ib4 pp4 #cbf-g4 #bdc ,ib4 pp4 #bdh-i4 #bdd ,/irn] p4 #bge4 #bde ,ib4 p4 #bge4 #bdf ,ib4 pp4 #bei1 #bef4 #bdg ,ib4 p4 #bbj4 #bdh ,ib4 p4 #bea4 ,! ,g]man idiom = x suits me is x is "r to me4 #bdi ,ib4 p4 #h4 #bej ,ib4 p4 #dij4 #bea ,ib4 p4 #dia4 #beb ,ib4 p4 #dia4 #bec ,ib4 p4 #g4 #bed ,/irn] p4 #h4 #bee ,ib4 p4 #bjg4 #bef ,ib4 p4 #bai4 #beg ,ib4 p4 #bad4 #beh ,ib4 p4 #bab4 #bei ,ib4 p4 #bbj4 #bfj ,/irn] p4 #cad4 #bfa ,ib4 p4 #bie4 #bfb ,ib4 pp4 #bca-b4 #bfc ,ib4 p4 #bca4 #bfd ,ib4 p4 #bei4 #bfe ,ib4 p4 #ccg4 #bff ,/irn] p4 #beh4 #bfg ,ib4 p4 #cci4 #bfh ,ib4 p4 #bhj4 #bfi ,ib4 p4 #beg4 #bgj ,ib4 p4 #bih4 #bga ,ib4 p4 #bih4 #bgb ,ib4 p4 #bii4 #bgc ,/irn] p4 #bih4 #bgd ,ib4 p4 #ccf4 #bge ,ib4 pp4 #ccg-h4 #bgf ,ib4 p4 #bce2 ,/irn] ,vi]teljahrss*rift p4 #aib4 #bgg ,/irn] p4 #cjd4 #bgh ,/irn] p4 #beh4 #bgi ,ib4 p #daa4 #bhj ,ib4 p4 #daf4 #bha ,ib4 p4 #daa4 #bhb ,/irn] pp4 #dag-ah4 #bhc ,/irn] ,vi]teljahrss*rift pp4 #aic-d4 #bhd ,/irn] p4 #cje4 #bhe ,ib4 p4 #ccb4 #bhf ,ib4 pp4 #cbg-h4 #bhg ,ib4 pp4 #cbh1 #cbf4 #bhh ,/irn] pp4 #cbh-i4 #bhi ,z5k] fails to recognize ?is :5 he ass]ts 7p4 #hj7 t ,/irn] dem&s prop]ty bas$ on ! "r ( occupation #bij ,/irn] p4 #cdj4 #bia ,ib4 p4 #cci4 #bib ,ib4 p4 #cea4 #bic ,/irn] p4 #cea4 #bid ,ib4 pp4 #cea-b4 #bie ,ib4 pp4 #cdc-d4 #bif ,ib4 p4 #cdi4 #big ,ib4 p4 #cdb4 #bih ,/irn] pp4 #cbi-cj4 ,see footnote on page #ig4 #bii ,ib4 p4 #ccj4 #cjj ,/irn] pp4 #dba-b4 #cja ,/irn] p4 #dbc4 #cjb ,ib4 p4 #bhd4 #cjc ,ib4 p4 #dhc4 #cjd ,ib4 p4 #cdd4 #cje ,ib4 p4 #cdc4 #cjf ,ib4 p4 #dbb4 #cjg ,ib4 p4 #aii4 #cjh ,ib4 #bei4 #cji ,/irn] pp4 #aih-i4 #caj ,ib4 p4 #cdd4 ,b ,/irn] does n mean t all are to fight aga9/ all2 !y are m]ely to decl>e !mselves no long] b\nd by ! obligations ( peace1 & !n ^? :o are able to agree ) ea* o!r c at once make t]ms to suit !mselves4 #caa ,ib4 p4 #cdj4 #cab ,ib4 p4 #cda4 #cac ,/irn] p4 #dgi4 #cad ,ib4 p4 #dbd4 #cae ,ib4 pp4 #cbf-g4 #caf ,/irn] pp4 #cei-fj4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,bakun9',s ,,tea*+ #a4--;,,g5]al #a4 ,mikhail ,alex&rovit* ,bakun9 0 born 9 #ahad at ,pryamukh9o1 di/rict ( ,tor%ok1 gov]nm5t ( ,tv]4 ,9 #ahcd he ent]$ ! ,artill]y ,s*ool at ,/4 ,pet]sburg2 9 #ahce he became an (fic]1 b resign$ 8 commission 9 ! same ye>4 ,he !n liv$ alt]nately 9 ,pryamukh9o & 9 ,mosc[4 ,9 #ahdj ,bakun9 left ,russia4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye>s revolution>y plans took him n[ to ?is "p ( ,europe1 n[ to t2 9 ,p>is he associat$ mu* ) ,pr\dhon4 ,9 #ahdi he 0 condemn$ to dea? 9 ,saxony1 b 0 p>don$2 9 #ahej he 0 h&$ ov] to ,au/ria & 0 condemn$ to dea? !re also2 9 #ahea he 0 h&$ ov] to ,russia & 0 !re kept a prison] fir/ at ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 !n at ,s*luesselburg2 9 #aheg he 0 s5t to ,sib]ia4 ,f ,sib]ia ,bakun9 escap$ to ,london 9 #ahfe1 by way ( ,japan & ,cali=nia4 ,he took up 8 revolution>y activities aga9 at once1 & !reaft] liv$ by turns 9 ! mo/ v>i\s p>ts ( ,europe4 ,9 #ahfh he became a memb] ( ! ,association int]nationale des travailleurs1 & soon aft]w>d he f\nd$ ! ,alliance int]nationale de la democratie sociali/e4 ,9 #ahfi he came into intimate relations ) ! fanatic ,ne*ayeff1 b broke away f him 9 ! next ye>4 ,9 #ahgb he 0 expell$ f ! ,association int]nationale des travailleurs on ! gr\nd t 8 aims 7 diff]5t f ^? ( ! ,association4 ,he di$ at ,b]ne 9 #ahgf4 ,bakun9 wrote a numb] ( works ( a philosophical & political nature4 #b4 ,bakun9's tea*+ ab\t law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty f9ds its expression especially 9 ! ,proposition motivee au comite c5tral de la ,ligue de la paix et de la lib]te#cag (f]$ by him 9 #ahfh2 9 ! pr9ciples#cah ( ! ,alliance int]nationale de la democratie sociali/e1 drawn up by him 9 #ahfh2 & 9 8 "w ,dieu et l',etat#cai 7#ahga74 ,writ+s :i* _c ) c]ta9ty be assign$ to ,bakun9 are "h disreg>d$4 ,among su* we may "n especially ! two works ,! ,pr9ciples ( ! ,revolution#cbj & ,cate*ism ( ! ,revolution1#cba 9 :i* ,ne*ayeff's views are set =?4 ,!y are inde$ ascrib$ to ,bakun9 by "s1#cbb b _! matt] is 9 contradiction to 8 o!r utt]ances z well z to 8 de$s2 he ev5 us$ vehem5t language on sev]al occasions aga9/ ,ne*ayeff's ,ma*iavellianism & ,jesuitism4#cbc ,ev5 on ! assumption t !y are by ,bakun91 !y w\ld at any rate express only a v insignificant *apt] 9 8 developm5t4 #c4 ,bakun9 designates 8 tea*+ ab\t law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty z ,an>*ism4 ,9 a ^w1 we reject all legislation1 all au?ority1 all privileg$1 *>t]$1 (ficial1 & legal influ5ce1--ev5 if x 7 creat$ by univ]sal suffrage1--9 ! conviction t su* ?+s c b r$\nd always to ! advantage ( a rul+ m9ority ( exploit]s & to ! disadvantage ( ! va/ enslav$ majority4 ,9 ?is s5se we are 9 tru? ,an>*i/s4#cbd #b4--;,,basis ,bakun9 reg>ds ! evolution>y law ( ! progress ( mank9d f a less p]fect exi/5ce to ! mo/ p]fect possible exi/5ce z ! law :i* has supreme validity = man4 ,sci5ce has no o!r task ?an ! c>eful intellectual reproduction1 9 ! mo/ sy/ematic =m possible1 ( ! natural laws ( corporeal1 m5tal1 & moral life1 alike 9 ! physical & 9 ! social _w1 :i* two worlds con/itute 9 fact only a s+le natural _w4#cbe ,n[ sci5ce--t is1 true1 unselfi% sci5ce#cbf--tea*es u ! foll[+3 ,e evolution signifies ! negation ( its />t+-po9t4 ,s9ce accord+ to ! mat]iali/s ! basis or />t+-po9t is mat]ial1 ! negation mu/ necess>ily be ideal4#cbg ,t is1 ev]y?+ t lives makes ! ef=t to p]fect itself z fully z possible4#cbh ,?us1 accord+ to ! conception ( mat]iali/s1 man's hi/orical evolution also moves 9 a con/antly asc5d+ l9e4#cbi ,x is an altoge!r natural movem5t f ! simple to ! comp\nd1 f d[n to up1 f ! l[] to ! high]4#ccj ,hi/ory consi/s 9 ! progressive negation ( man's orig9al be/iality by ! evolution ( 8 humanity4#cca ,man is orig9ally a wild bea/1 a c\s9 ( ! gorilla4 ,b he has already come out ( ! deep night ( be/ial impulses to make 8 way to ! light ( ! m9d4 ,?is expla9s all 8 =m] mis/eps 9 ! mo/ natural way1 & com=ts u some:at ) reg>d to 8 pres5t ab]rations4 ,he has turn$ 8 back on be/ial slav]y1 & is n[ mov+ t[>d fre$om ?r\gh ! realm ( slav]y to ,god1 :i* lies betwe5 8 be/ial & 8 human exi/5ce4 ,beh9d u1 !re=e1 lies our be/ial exi/5ce1 be=e u our human2 ! light ( humanity1 :i* alone c light u & w>m u1 deliv] u & exalt u1 make u free1 happy1 & bro!rs1 /&s nev] at ! beg9n+ ( hi/ory1 b always only at its end4#ccb ,?is hi/orical negation ( ! pa/ takes place n[ sl[ly1 sluggi%ly1 sleepily1 b n[ aga9 passionately & viol5tly4#ccc ,x always takes place ) ! inevitable c]ta9ty ( natural law3 we believe 9 ! f9al triumph ( humanity on e>?4,g ,we ye>n = ! com+ ( ?is triumph1 & seek to ha/5 x ) unit$ ef=t2#ccd we mu/ nev] look back1 always =w>d alone2 be=e u is our sun1 be=e u our bliss4#cce #c4--,,law ,i4 ,9 ! progress ( mank9d f its be/ial exi/5ce to a human exi/5ce1 "o ( ! next /eps1 accord+ to ,bakun91 w be ! disappe>ance--n inde$ ( law1 b--( enact$ law4 ,enact$ law belongs to a l[ /age ( evolution4 ,a political legislation1 :e!r x is bas$ on a rul]'s w or on ! votes ( repres5tatives *os5 by univ]sal suffrage1 c nev] correspond to ! laws ( nature1 & is always baleful1 ho/ile to ! lib]ty ( ! masses1 if only because x =ces ^u !m a sy/em ( ext]nal & consequ5tly despotic laws4#ccf ,no legislation has ev] _h ano!r aim ?an t ( confirm+1 & exalt+ into a sy/em1 ! exploitation ( ! labor+ populace by ! rul+ classes4#ccg ,?us e legislation has = its consequ5ce at once ! enslavem5t ( society & ! depravation ( ! legislators4#cch ,b mank9d w soon leave beh9d x ! /age ( evolution to :i* law belongs4 ,enact$ law is indissolubly connect$ ) ! ,/ate3 ! ,/ate is a hi/orically necess>y evil1#cci a transitory =m ( society2#cdj ) ! ,/ate1 law 9 ! juri/s' s5se1 ! s-call$ legal regulation ( popul> life f above d[nw>d by legislation1 mu/ necess>ily fall4#cda ,ev]ybody feels already t ?is mom5t is approa*+1#cdb ! trans=mation is at h&1#cdc x is to be expect$ )9 ! n9ete5? c5tury4#cdd ,,ii4 ,9 ! next /age ( evolution1 :i* mank9d mu/ spe$ily rea*1 !re w be no enact$ law to be sure1 b !re w be law ev5 !re4 ,:at ,bakun9 pr$icts ) reg>d to ?is next /age ( evolution enables u to p]ceive t accord+ to 8 expectation norms w !n prevail :i* are bas$ on a g5]al w1#cde & :i* ev5 secure ob$i5ce by =cible compulsion if necess>y1#cdf s t !y are legal norms4 ,among su* legal norms ( our next /age ( evolution ,bakun9 m5tions t by virtue ( :i* !re exi/s a "r to indep5d5ce4#cdg ,= me z an individual ?is means t ,i z a man am entitl$ to obey no o!r man1 & to act only 9 accordance ) my own judgm5t4#cdh ,b1 fur!rmore1 e nation1 e prov9ce1 & e commune has ! unlimit$ "r to complete indep5d5ce1 provid$ t its int]nal con/itution does n ?reat5 ! indep5d5ce & lib]ty ( ! adjo9+ t]ritories4#cdi ,likewise ,bakun9 reg>ds x z a legal norm ( ! next /age ( evolution t contracts mu/ be liv$ up to4 ,to be sure1 ! obligation ( contracts has its limits4 ,human ju/ice _c recognize any?+ z creat+ an obligation 9 p]petuity4 ,all rights & duties are f\nd$ on lib]ty4 ,! "r ( freely unit+ & sep>at+ is ! fir/ & mo/ important ( all political rights4#cej ,ano!r legal norm m5tion$ by ,bakun9 z belong+ to ! next /age ( evolution is t by virtue ( :i* ! l&1 ! in/rum5ts ( labor1 & all o!r capital1 z ! collective prop]ty ( ! :ole ( society1 w exclusively s]ve = ! use ( ! agricultural & indu/rial associations4#cea #d4--,,! ,,/ate ,i4 ,9 ! progress ( mank9d f its be/ial exi/5ce to a human exi/5ce ! ,/ate w %ortly1 accord+ to ,bakun91 disappe>4 ,! ,/ate is a hi/orically tempor>y arrangem5t1 a transitory =m ( society4#ceb #a4 ,! ,/ate belongs to a l[ /age ( evolution4 ,man takes ! fir/ /ep f 8 be/ial exi/5ce to a human exi/5ce by religion2 b s long z he rema9s religi\s he w nev] rea* 8 goal2 = e religion condemns him to absurdity1 guides him into a wrong c\rse1 & makes him seek ! div9e 9 place ( ! human4#cec ,all religions1 ) _! gods1 demigods1 & prophets1 _! ,messiahs & sa9ts1 are products ( ! cr$ul\s fancy ( m5 :o _h n yet come to ! full developm5t & entire possession ( _! intellectual p[]s4#ced ,?is holds good also1 & p>ticul>ly1 ( ,*ri/ianity3 x is ! complete inv]sion ( common-s5se & reason4#cee ,! ,/ate is a product ( religion4 ,9 all l&s x is born ( a m>riage ( viol5ce1 robb]y1 spoliation1--9 %ort1 ( w> & conque/1--) ! gods :om ! religi\s en?usiasm ( ! nations _h gradually creat$4#cef ,he :o speaks ( revelation speaks !reby ( reveal]s enlight5$ by ,god1 ( ,messiahs1 prophets1 prie/s1 & lawgiv]s2 &1 if once ^! are recogniz$ on e>? z repres5tatives ( ! ,deity1 z sacr$ tea*]s ( mank9d *os5 by ,god himself1 !n ( c\rse !y h unlimit$ au?ority4 ,all m5 owe !m bl9d ob$i5ce2 = no human reason1 no human ju/ice1 is valid aga9/ ! div9e reason & ju/ice4 ,z slaves ( ,god1 m5 mu/ be also slaves ( ! ,*ur*1 & ( ! ,/ate s f> z ! ,*ur* hall[s ! ,/ate4#ceg ,no ,/ate is )\t religion1 & none c be )\t religion4 ,take ! free/ ,/ates 9 ! _w1--= in/ance1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica or ! ,swiss ,conf$]acy1--& see :at an important "p div9e provid5ce plays 9 all public utt]ances !re4#ceh ,x is n )\t good reason t gov]nm5ts hold ! belief 9 ,god to be an ess5tial condition ( _! p[]4#cei ,!re is a class ( p :o1 ev5 if !y d n believe1 mu/ necess>ily act z if !y believ$4 ,?is class embraces all mank9d's torm5tors1 oppressors1 & exploit]s4 ,prie/s1 mon>*s1 /atesm51 soldi]s1 f9anci]s1 (fice-hold]s ( all sorts2 policem51 g5d>mes1 jail]s1 & execution]s2 capitali/s1 usur]s1 heads ( bus9ess1 & h\se-own]s2 lawy]s1 economi/s1 politicians ( all %ades1--all ( !m1 d[n to ! smalle/ groc]1 w always repeat 9 *orus ! words ( ,voltaire1 t1 if !re 7 no ,god1 x w\ld be necess>y to inv5t him2 '= mu/ n ! populace h its religion8' ,x is ! v safety-valve4#cfj #b4 ,! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,/ate correspond to ! l[ /age ( evolution to :i* x belongs4 ,! ,/ate enslaves ! gov]n$4 ,! ,/ate is =ce2 nay1 x is ! silly p>ad+ ( =ce4 ,x does n propose to w9 love or to make conv]ts2 if x puts its f+] into any?+1 x does s only 9 an unfri5dly way2 = its ess5ce consi/s n 9 p]suasion1 b 9 comm& & compulsion4 ,h[ev] mu* pa9s x may take1 x _c conceal ! fact t x is ! legal maim] ( our w1 ! con/ant negation ( our lib]ty4 ,ev5 :5 x comm&s ! good1 x makes ?is valueless by comm&+ x2 = e comm& slaps lib]ty 9 ! face2 z soon z ! good is comm&$1 x is trans=m$ into ! evil 9 ! eyes ( true 7t is1 human1 by no means div9e7 morality1 ( ! dignity ( man1 ( lib]ty2 = man's lib]ty1 morality1 & dignity consi/ precisely 9 do+ ! good n because he is comm&$ to b because he recognizes x1 wills x1 & loves x4#cfa ,at ! same "t ! ,/ate depraves ^? :o gov]n4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( privilege1 & ( e privileg$ position1 t !y poison ! m9ds & he>ts ( m54 ,he :o is politically or economically privileg$ has 8 m9d & he>t deprav$4 ,?is is a law ( social life1 :i* admits ( no exceptions & is applicable to entire nations z well z to classes1 corporations1 & individuals4 ,x is ! law ( equality1 ! =emo/ ( ! conditions ( lib]ty & humanity4#cfb ,p[]ful ,/ates c ma9ta9 !mselves only by crime1 little ,/ates are virtu\s only f weakness4#cfc ,we abhor mon>*y ) all our he>ts2 b at ! same "t we are conv9c$ t a great republic too1 ) army1 bureaucracy1 & political c5tralization1 w make a bus9ess ( conque/ )\t & oppression )91 & w be incapable ( gu>antee+ happ9ess & lib]ty to its subjects ev5 if x calls !m citiz5s4#cfd ,ev5 9 ! pure/ democracies1 su* z ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,switz]l&1 a privileg$ m9ority faces ! va/ enslav$ majority4#cfe #c4 ,b ! /age ( mank9d's evolution to :i* ! ,/ate belongs w soon be left beh9d4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( hi/oric society to ?is day1 !re has always be5 oppression ( ! nations by ! ,/ate4 ,is x to be inf]r$ t ?is oppression is insep>ably connect$ ) ! exi/5ce ( human society8#cff ,c]ta9ly n6 ,! great1 true goal ( hi/ory1 ! only "o = :i* !re is ju/ification1 is our humanization & deliv]ance1 ! g5u9e lib]ty & prosp]ity ( all socially-liv+ m54#cfg ,9 ! triumph ( humanity is at ! same "t ! goal & ! ess5tial mean+ ( hi/ory1 & ?is triumph c be br\ght ab\t only by lib]ty4#cfh ,z 9 ! pa/ ! ,/ate 0 hi/orically necess>y evil1 x mu/ j z necess>ily1 soon] or lat]1 disappe> altoge!r4#cfi ,ev]ybody feels already t ?is mom5t is approa*+1#cgj ! trans=mation is at h&1#cga x is to be expect$ )9 ! n9ete5? c5tury4#cgb ,,ii4 ,9 ! next /age ( evolution1 :i* mank9d mu/ spe$ily rea*1 ! place ( ! ,/ate w be tak5 by a social human life on ! basis ( ! legal norm t contracts mu/ be liv$ up to4 #a4 ,ev5 aft] ! ,/ate is done away1 m5 w live toge!r socially4 ,! goal ( human evolution1 complete humanity1#cgc c be atta9$ only 9 a society4 ,man becomes man1 & 8 humanity becomes consci\s & real1 only 9 society & by ! jo9t activity ( society4 ,he frees himself f ! yoke ( ext]nal nature only by jo9t--t is1 societ>y--labor3 x alone is capable ( mak+ ! surface ( ! e>? fit = ! evolution ( mank9d2 b )\t su* ext]nal lib]ation nei!r intellectual nor moral lib]ation is possible4 ,fur!rmore1 man gets free f ! yoke ( 8 own nature only by education & in/ruction3 !y alone make x possible = him to subord9ate ! impulses & motions ( 8 body to ! guidance ( 8 m & m develop$ m9d2 b education & in/ruction are ( an exclusively societ>y nature4 ,outside ( society man w\ld h rema9$ =ev] a wild bea/1 or1 :at comes to ab\t ! same ?+1 a sa9t4 ,f9ally1 9 8 isolation man _c h ! consci\sness ( lib]ty4 ,:at lib]ty means = man is t he is recogniz$ z free1 & treat$ z free1 by ^? :o surr\nd him2 lib]ty is n a matt] ( isolation1 !re=e1 b ( mutuality--n ( sep>at5ess1 b ( comb9ation2 = e man x is only ! mirror+ ( 8 humanity 7t is1 ( 8 human rights7 9 ! consci\sness ( 8 bro!rs4#cgd ,b m5 w be held toge!r 9 society no long] by a supreme au?ority1 b by ! legally b9d+ =ce ( contract4 ,complete humanity c be atta9$ only 9 a free society4 ,my lib]ty1 or1 :at means ! same1 my human dignity1 consi/s 9 my be+ entitl$1 z man1 to obey no o!r man & to act only on my own judgm5t4#cge ,i myself am a free man only s f> z ,i recognize ! humanity & lib]ty ( all ! m5 :o surr\nd me4 ,9 respect+ _! humanity ,i respect my own4 ,a cannibal1 :o treats 8 prison] z a wild bea/ & eats him1 is himself n a man1 b a bea/4 ,a slavehold] is n a man1 b a ma/]4#cgf ,! m free m5 surr\nd me1 & ! deep] & broad] _! fre$om is1 s mu* deep]1 broad]1 & m p[]ful is my fre$om too4 ,on ! o!r h&1 e enslavem5t ( m5 is at ! same "t a limitation ( my fre$om1 or1 :at is ! same ?+1 a negation ( my human exi/5ce by its be/ial exi/5ce4#cgg ,b a free society _c be held toge!r by au?ority1#cgh b only by contract4#cgi #b4 ,h[ w ! future society %ape itself 9 detail8 ,unity is ! goal t[>d :i* mank9d ceaselessly moves4#chj ,!re=e m5 w unite ) ! utmo/ amplitude4 ,b ! place ( ! old organization1 built f above d[nw>d ^u =ce & au?ority1 w be tak5 by a new "o :i* has no o!r basis ?an ! natural ne$s1 incl9ations1 & endeavors ( m54#cha ,?us we come to a free union ( individuals into communes1 ( communes into prov9ces1 ( prov9ces into nations1 & f9ally ( nations into ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,europe & lat] ( ! :ole _w4#chb ,e nation1--be x great or small1 /rong or weak1--e prov9ce1 & e commune has ! unlimit$ "r to complete indep5d5ce1 provid$ t its int]nal con/itution does n ?reat5 ! indep5d5ce & lib]ty ( ! adjo9+ t]ritories4#chc ,all ( :at are kn[n z ! hi/oric rights ( nations are totally done away2 all que/ions reg>d+ natural1 political1 /rategic1 & economic b\nd>ies are h5ce=? to be class$ z anci5t hi/ory & resolutely disall[$4#chd ,by ! fact t a t]ritory has once belong$ to a ,/ate1 ev5 by a volunt>y adhesion1 x is 9 no wise b\nd to rema9 always unit$ ) ?is ,/ate4 ,human ju/ice1 ! only ju/ice t means any?+ to u1 _c recognize any?+ z creat+ an obligation 9 p]petuity4 ,all rights & duties are f\nd$ on lib]ty4 ,! "r ( freely unit+ & sep>at+ is ! fir/ & mo/ important ( all political rights4 ,)\t ?is "r ! ,league w\ld be m]ely a conceal$ c5tralization /ill4#che #e4--,,prop]ty ,i4 ,9 ! progress ( mank9d f its be/ial exi/5ce to a human exi/5ce1 accord+ to ,bakun91 we mu/ %ortly come to ! disappe>ance--n inde$ ( prop]ty1 b--( prop]ty's pres5t =m1 unlimit$ private prop]ty4 #a4 ,private prop]ty1 s f> z x fa/5s ^u all ?+s )\t di/9ction1 belongs to ! same l[ /age ( evolution z ! ,/ate4 ,private prop]ty is at once ! consequ5ce & ! basis ( ! ,/ate4#chf ,e gov]nm5t is necess>ily bas$ on exploitation on ! "o h&1 & on ! o!r h& has exploitation = its goal & be/[s ^u exploitation protection & legality4#chg ,9 e ,/ate !re exi/ two k9ds ( relation%ip1--to wit1 gov]nm5t & exploitation4 ,if really gov]n+ means sacrific+ "o's self = ! good ( ! gov]n$1 !n inde$ ! second relation%ip is 9 direct contradiction to ! fir/4 ,b let u only und]/& our po9t rightly6 ,f ! ideal /&po9t1 be x !ological or metaphysical1 ! good ( ! masses c ( c\rse n mean _! temporal welf>e3 :at are a few decades ( e>?ly life 9 comp>ison to et]nity8 ,h5ce "o mu/ gov]n ! masses ) reg>d n to ?is co>se e>?ly happ9ess1 b to _! et]nal good4 ,outw>d suff]+s & privations may ev5 be welcom$ f ! educator's /&po9t1 s9ce an excess ( s5sual enjoym5t kills ! immortal s\l4 ,b n[ ! contradiction disappe>s4 ,exploit+ & gov]n+ mean ! same2 ! "o completes ! o!r1 & s]ves z its means & its end4#chh #b4 ,private prop]ty1 :5 x exi/s 9 all ?+s )\t di/9ction1 has su* *>act]i/ics z correspond to ! l[ /age ( evolution to :i* x belongs4 ,on ! privileg$ repres5tatives ( head-"w 7:o at pres5t are call$ to be ! repres5tatives ( society1 n because !y h m s5se1 b only because !y 7 born 9 ! privileg$ class7 su* prop]ty be/[s all ! bless+s & also all ! debasem5t ( our civilization3 weal?1 luxury1 pr(use exp5diture1 com=t1 ! pleasures ( family life1 ! exclusive enjoym5t ( political lib]ty1 & h5ce ! possibility ( exploit+ millions ( labor]s & gov]n+ !m at discretion 9 "o's own int]e/4 ,:at is !re left = ! repres5tatives ( h&work1 ^! numb]less millions ( prolet>ians or ( small f>m]s8 ,hopeless mis]y1 n ev5 ! joys ( ! family 7= ! family soon becomes a burd5 to ! poor man71 ignorance1 b>b>ism1 an almo/ be/ial exi/5ce1 & ?is = consolation ) x all1 t !y are s]v+ z p$e/al = ! culture1 lib]ty1 & depravity ( a m9ority4#chi ,! fre] & m highly develop$ trade & indu/ry are 9 any place1 ! m complete is ! demoralization ( ! privileg$ few on ! "o h&1 & ! great] are ! mis]y1 ! compla9ts1 & ! j indignation ( ! labor+ masses on ! o!r4 ,engl&1 ,belgium1 ,france1 ,g]many1 are c]ta9ly ! c\ntries ( ,europe 9 :i* trade & indu/ry enjoy greate/ fre$om & h made mo/ progress4 ,9 ^! v c\ntries ! mo/ cruel paup]ism prevails1 ! gulf betwe5 capitali/s & l&lords on ! "o h& & ! labor+ class on ! o!r is great] ?an 9 any o!r c\ntry4 ,9 ,russia1 9 ! ,sc&9avian c\ntries1 9 ,italy1 9 ,spa91 :]e trade & indu/ry are /ill embryonic1 p b seldom die ( hung] except on extraord9>y occasions4 ,9 ,engl& />vation is an e-day ?+4 ,& n only individuals />ve1 b ?\s&s1 t5s ( ?\s&s1 hundr$s ( ?\s&s4#cij #c4 ,b mank9d w soon h pass$ ! l[ /age ( evolution to :i* private prop]ty belongs4 ,z !re has at all times be5 oppression ( ! nations by ! ,/ate1 s has !re also always be5 exploitation ( ! masses ( slaves1 s]fs1 wage-work]s1 by a rul+ m9ority4#cia ,b ?is exploitation is no m insep>ably unit$ ) ! exi/5ce ( human society#cib ?an is t oppression4 ,by ! =ce ( ?+s !mselves#cic unlimit$ private prop]ty w be done away4 ,ev]ybody feels already t ?is mom5t is approa*+1#cid ! trans=mation is already at h&1#cie x is to be expect$ )9 ! n9ete5? c5tury4#cif ,,ii4 ,9 ! next /age ( evolution1 :i* mank9d mu/ spe$ily rea*1 prop]ty w be s con/itut$ t !re w inde$ be private prop]ty 9 ! objects ( consumption1 b 9 l&1 in/rum5ts ( labor1 & all o!r capital1 !re w be only social prop]ty4 ,! future society w be collectivi/4 ,9 ?is way e labor] has ! product ( 8 labor gu>ante$ to him4 #a4 ,ju/ice mu/ s]ve z basis = ! new _w3 )\t x1 no lib]ty1 no liv+ toge!r1 no prosp]ity1 no peace4#cig ,ju/ice1 n t ( juri/s1 nor yet t ( !ologians1 nor yet t ( metaphysicians1 b simple human ju/ice1 comm&s#cih t 9 future e man's enjoym5t corresponds to ! quantity ( goods produc$ by him4#cii ,! ?+ is1 !n1 to f9d a means :i* makes x impossible = any "o1 :oev] he may be1 to exploit ! labor ( ano!r1 & p]mits ea* to %>e 9 ! enjoym5t ( society's /ock ( goods 7:i* is solely a product ( labor7 only s f> z he has1 by 8 labor1 directly contribut$ to ! production ( ?is /ock ( goods4#djj ,?is means consi/s 9 ! pr9ciple t ! l&1 ! in/rum5ts ( labor1 & all o!r capital1 z ! collective prop]ty ( ! :ole ( society1 %all exclusively s]ve = ! use ( ! labor]s1--t is1 ( _! agricultural & indu/rial associations4#dja ,i am n a ,communi/1 b a ,collectivi/4#djb #b4 ,! collectivism ( ! future society by no means dem&s ! sett+ up ( any supreme au?ority4 ,9 ! "n ( lib]ty1 on :i* alone an economic or a political organization c be f\nd$1 we %all always prote/ aga9/ ev]y?+ t looks ev5 remotely simil> to ,communism or ,/ate ,socialism4#djc ,i w\ld h ! organization ( society1 & ( ! collective or social prop]ty1 f bel[ upw>d by ! voice ( free union1 n f above d[nw>d by means ( any au?ority4#djd #f4--,,realization ,! *ange t is promptly to be expect$ 9 ! c\rse ( mank9d's progress f its be/ial exi/5ce to a human exi/5ce1--! disappe>ance ( ! ,/ate1 ! trans=mation ( law & prop]ty1 & ! appe>ance ( ! new condition1--w come to pass1 accord+ to ,bakun91 by a social revolution2 t is1 by a viol5t subv]sion ( ! old ord]1 :i* w be automatically br\ght ab\t by ! p[] ( ?+s1 b :i* ^? :o =esee ! c\rse ( evolution h ! task ( ha/5+ & facilitat+4 ,i4 ,to escape its wret*$ lot ! populace has ?ree ways1 two imag9>y & "o real4 ,! two fir/ are ! rum-%op & ! *ur*1 ! ?ird is ! social revolution4#dje ,a cure is possible only ?r\gh ! social revolution1#djf--t is1 ?r\gh ! de/ruction ( all in/itutions ( inequality1 & ! e/abli%m5t ( economic & social equality4#djg ,! revolution w n be made by anybody4 ,revolutions are nev] made1 nei!r by individuals nor yet by secret societies4 ,!y come ab\t automatically1 9 a measure2 ! p[] ( ?+s1 ! curr5t ( ev5ts & facts1 produces !m4 ,!y are long prep>+ 9 ! dep? ( ! obscure consci\sness ( ! masses--!n !y break out sudd5ly1 n seldom on app>5tly slight occasion4#djh ,! revolution is already at h& to-day2#dji ev]ybody feels its approa*2#daj we are to expect x )9 ! n9ete5? c5tury4#daa #a4 ,by ! revolution we und]/& ! un*a9+ ( ev]y?+ t is to-day call$ 'evil passions1' & ! de/ruction ( ev]y?+ t 9 ! same language is call$ 'public ord]'4#dab ,! revolution w rage n aga9/ m51 b aga9/ relations & ?+s4#dac ,bloody revolutions are (t5 necess>y1 ?anks to human /upidity2 yet !y are always an evil1 a mon/r\s evil & a great disa/]1 n only ) reg>d to ! victims1 b also = ! sake ( ! purity & p]fection ( ! purpose 9 ^: "n !y take place4#dad ,"o mu/ n wond] if 9 ! fir/ mom5t ( _! upris+ ! p kill _m oppressors & exploit]s--?is mis=tune1 :i* is ( no m importance anyh[ ?an ! damage done by a ?und]/orm1 c p]haps n be avoid$4 ,b ?is natural fact w be nei!r moral nor ev5 useful4 ,political massacres h nev] kill$ p>ties2 p>ticul>ly h !y always %[n !mselves impot5t aga9/ ! privileg$ classes2 = au?ority is ve/$ f> less 9 m5 ?an 9 ! position :i* ! privileg$ acquire by any in/itutions1 p>ticul>ly by ! ,/ate & private prop]ty4 ,if "o w\ld make a ?or\gh revolution1 !re=e1 "o mu/ attack ?+s & relation%ips1 de/roy prop]ty & ! ,/ate3 !n !re is no ne$ ( de/roy+ m5 & expos+ "o's self to ! inevitable reaction :i* ! slaught]+ ( m5 always has provok$ & always w provoke 9 e society4 ,b1 9 ord] to h ! "r to deal humanely ) m5 )\t dang] to ! revolution1 "o mu/ be inexorable t[>d ?+s & relation%ips1 de/roy ev]y?+1 & fir/ & =emo/ prop]ty & its inevitable consequ5ce ! ,/ate4 ,?is is ! :ole secret ( ! revolution4#dae ,! revolution1 z ! p[] ( ?+s to-day necess>ily pres5ts x be=e u1 w n be national1 b int]national1--t is1 univ]sal4 ,9 view ( ! ?reat5$ league ( all privileg$ int]e/s & all reaction>y p[]s 9 ,europe1 9 view ( ! t]rible in/rum5talities t a %rewd organization puts at _! disposal1 9 view ( ! deep *asm t to-day yawns betwe5 ! b\rgeoisie & ! labor]s ev]y:]e1 no revolution c c\nt on success if x does n spe$ily ext5d itself beyond ! individual nation to all o!r nations4 ,b ! revolution c nev] cross ! fronti]s & become g5]al unless x has 9 x ! f\ndations = ?is g5]ality2 t is1 unless x is pron\nc$ly sociali/ic1 &1 by equality & ju/ice1 de/roys ! ,/ate & e/abli%es lib]ty4 ,= no?+ c bett] inspire & uplift ! sole true p[] ( ! c5tury1 ! labor]s1 ?an ! complete lib]ation ( labor & ! %att]+ ( all in/itutions = ! protection ( h]$it>y prop]ty & ( capital4#daf ,a political & national revolution _c w91 !re=e1 unless ! political revolution becomes social1 & ! national revolution1 by ! v fact ( its fundam5tally sociali/ic & ,/ate-de/roy+ "*1 becomes a univ]sal revolution4#dag #b4 ,! revolution1 z we und]/& x1 mu/ on its v fir/ day completely & fundam5tally de/roy ! ,/ate & all ,/ate in/itutions4 ,?is de/ruction w h ! foll[+ natural & necess>y effects4 7a7 ,! bankruptcy ( ! ,/ate4 7b7 ,! cessation ( ,/ate collection ( private debts1 ^: paym5t is !nce=? left to ! debtor's pleasure4 7c7 ,! cessation ( ! paym5t ( taxes1 & ( ! levy+ ( direct or indirect impo/s4 7d7 ,! dissolution ( ! army1 ! c\rts1 ! corps ( (fice-hold]s1 ! police1 & ! cl]gy4 7e7 ,! /oppage ( ! (ficial adm9i/ration ( ju/ice1 ! abolition ( all t is call$ juri/ic law & ( its ex]cise4 ,h5ce1 ! valuelessness1 & ! consignm5t to an auto-da-fe1 ( all titles to prop]ty1 te/am5t>y dispositions1 bills ( sale1 de$s ( gift1 judgm5ts ( c\rts--9 %ort1 ( ! :ole mass ( pap]s relat+ to private law4 ,ev]y:]e1 & 9 reg>d to ev]y?+1 ! revolution>y fact 9 place ( ! law creat$ & gu>ante$ by ! ,/ate4 7f7 ,! confiscation ( all productive capital & in/rum5ts ( labor 9 favor ( ! associations ( labor]s1 :i* w use !m = collective production4 7g7 ,! confiscation ( all ,*ur* & ,/ate prop]ty1 z well z ( ! bullion 9 private h&s1 = ! b5efit ( ! commune =m$ by ! league ( ! associations ( labor]s4 ,9 return = ! confiscat$ goods1 ^? :o are affect$ by ! confiscation receive f ! commune _! absolute necessities2 !y are free to acquire m aft]w>d by _! labor4#dah ,! de/ruction w be foll[$ by ! re%ap+4 ,h5ce1 7h7 ,! organization ( ! commune by ! p]man5t association ( ! b>ricades & by its organ1 ! c\ncil ( ! revolution>y commune1 to :i* e b>ricade1 e /reet1 e qu>t]1 s5ds "o or two responsible & revocable repres5tatives ) b9d+ in/ructions4 ,! c\ncil ( ! commune c appo9t executive committees out ( its memb]%ip = ! v>i\s bran*es ( ! revolution>y adm9i/ration4 7i7 ,! decl>ation ( ! capital1 insurg5t & organiz$ z a commune1 t1 aft] ! righte\s de/ruction ( ! ,/ate ( au?ority & gu>dian%ip1 x r5\nces ! "r 7or r ! usurpation7 ( gov]n+ ! prov9ces & sett+ a /&>d = !m4 7k7 ,! summons to all prov9ces1 communities1 & associations1 to foll[ ! example giv5 by ! capital1 fir/ to organize !mselves 9 revolution>y =m1 !n to s5d to a specifi$ meet+-place responsible & revocable repres5tatives ) b9d+ in/ructions1 & s to con/itute ! league ( ! insurg5t associations1 communities1 & prov9ces1 & to organize a revolution>y p[] capable ( defeat+ ! reaction4 ,! s5d+1 n ( (ficial commission]s ( ! revolution ) "s sort ( badges1 b ( agitators = ! revolution1 to all ! prov9ces & communities--especially to ! peasants1 :o _c be revolutioniz$ by sci5tific pr9ciples nor yet by ! edicts ( any dictator%ip1 b only by ! revolution>y fact itself3 t is1 by ! inevitable effects ( ! complete cessation ( (ficial ,/ate activity 9 all ! communities4 ,! abolition ( ! national ,/ate1 n only 9 o!r s5ses1 b 9 ?is1--t all =eign c\ntries1 prov9ces1 communities1 associations1 nay1 all individuals :o h ris5 9 ! "n ( ! same pr9ciples1 )\t reg>d to ! pres5t ,/ate b\nd>ies1 are accept$ z "p ( ! new political sy/em & nationality2 & t1 on ! o!r h&1 x %all exclude f memb]%ip ^? prov9ces1 communities1 associations1 or p]sonages1 ( ! same c\ntry1 :o take ! side ( ! reaction4 ,?us mu/ ! univ]sal revolution1 by ! v fact ( its b9d+ ! insurg5t c\ntries toge!r = jo9t def5ce1 m>* on un*eck$ ov] ! aboli%$ b\nd>ies & ! ru9s ( ! =m]ly exi/+ ,/ates to its triumph4#dai ,,ii4 ,to s]ve1 to organize1 & to ha/5#dbj ! revolution1 :i* mu/ ev]y:]e be ! "w ( ! p#dba--?is alone is ! task ( ^? :o =esee ! c\rse ( evolution4 ,we h to p]=m midwife's s]vices#dbb = ! new "t1 to help on ! bir? ( ! revolution4#dbc ,to ?is end we mu/1 fir/1 spread among ! masses ?\ghts t correspond to ! in/9cts ( ! masses4#dbd ,:at keeps ! salvation-br++ ?\ght f go+ ?r\gh ! labor+ masses ) a ru%8 ,_! ignorance2 & p>ticul>ly ! political & religi\s prejudices :i*1 ?anks to ! ex]tions ( ! rul+ classes1 to ?is day obscure ! labor]'s natural ?\ght & heal?y feel+s4#dbe ,h5ce ! aim mu/ consi/ 9 mak+ him completely consci\s ( :at he wants1 evok+ 9 him ! ?\ght t corresponds to 8 impulses4 ,if once ! ?\ghts ( ! labor+ masses h m\nt$ to ! level ( _! impulses1 !n w _! w be soon det]m9$ & _! p[] irresi/ible4#dbf ,fur!rmore1 we mu/ =m1 n inde$ ! army ( ! revolution1--! army c nev] be any?+ b ! p1--b yet a sort ( /aff = ! revolution>y army4 ,^! mu/ be devot$1 en]getic1 tal5t$ m51 :o1 above all1 love ! p )\t ambition & vanity1 & :o h ! faculty ( m$iat+ betwe5 ! revolution>y ?\ght & ! in/9cts ( ! p4 ,no v great numb] ( su* m5 is requisite4 ,a hundr$ revolutioni/s firmly & s]i\sly b\nd toge!r are en\gh = ! int]national organization ( all ,europe4 ,two or ?ree hundr$ revolutioni/s are en\gh = ! organization ( ! l>ge/ c\ntry4#dbg ,"h1 especially1 is ! field = ! activity ( secret societies4#dbh ,9 ord] to s]ve1 organize1 & ha/5 ! g5]al revolution#dbi ,bakun9 f\nd$ ! ,alliance int]nationale de la democratie sociali/e4 ,x 0 to pursue a d\ble purpose3 7a7 ,! spread+ ( correct views ab\t politics1 economics1 & philosophical que/ions ( e k9d1 among ! masses 9 all c\ntries2 an active propag&a by newspap]s1 pamphlets1 & books1 z well z by ! f\nd+ ( public associations4 7b7 ,! w9n+ ( all wise1 en]getic1 sil5t1 well-dispos$ m5 :o are s9c]ely devot$ to ! idea2 ! cov]+ ( ,europe1 & ,am]ica too s f> z possible1 ) a network ( self-sacrific+ revolutioni/s1 /rong by unity4#dcj ,,footnotes3 #cag ,pr9t$ 9 ,o,euvres de ,mi*el ,bak\n9e 7#ahie7 pp4 #a-bje1 "u ! title ,f$]alisme1 socialisme et anti!ologisme4 #cah ,pr9t$ 9 ,l',alliance de la democratie sociali/e et l',association int]nationale des travailleurs 7#ahgc7 pp4 #aah-ce4 #cai ,only fragm5ts h be5 pr9t$3 "o "u ! title ,l',empire kn\tog]manique et la ,revolution sociale 7#ahga71 a second "u ! title ,dieu et l',etat 7#ahhb71 a ?ird "u ! same title 9 ,o,euvres de ,mi*el ,bak\n9e 7#ahie7 pp4 #bfa-cbf4 #cbj ,pr9t$ 9 ,dragoman(f1 ,mi*ail ,bakun9s sozial-politis*] ,briefwe*sel mit ,alex&] ,iw4 ,h]z5 und ,og>j[1 ,g]man translation by ,m9zes 7#ahie7 pp4 #ceh-fd4 #cba ,a "p is pr9t$ 9 ,fr5* translation1 9 ,l',alliance de la democratie sociali/e et l',association int]nationale des travailleurs 7#ahgc7 pp4 #ij-ie1 ! re/ 9 ,dragoman(f pp4 #cga-hc4 #cbb ,l',alliance de la democratie sociali/e et l',association int]nationale des travailleurs p4 #hi2 ,dragoman(f p4 ,,ix4 #cbc ,ba4 ,briefe pp4 #bbc1 #bcc1 #bff1 #bgb4 #cbd ,ba4 ,dieu p4 #cd4 #cbe ,ib4 p4 #cc4 #cbf ,ib4 p4 #c4 #cbg ,ib4 p4 #eb4 #cbh ,ba4 ,proposition p4 #ajd4 #cbi ,ba4 ,dieu p4 #eb4 #ccj ,ib4 p4 #g4 #cca ,ib4 p4 #af4 #ccb ,ib4 p4 #af4 #ccc ,ib4 p4 #af4 #ccd ,ba4 ,proposition p4 #aee4 #cce ,ba4 ,dieu p4 #af4 #ccf ,ib4 pp4 #bg-h4 #ccg ,ba4 ,programme p4 #chb4 #cch ,ba4 ,dieu p4 #cj4 #cci ,ba4 ,dieu ,o,euvres p4 #bhg4 #cdj ,ib4 p4 #bhe4 #cda ,ba4 ,programme p4 #chb4 #cdb ,ba4 ,articles p4 #aac4 #cdc ,ba4 ,/atuts p4 #abe4 #cdd ,ib4 p4 #abe4 #cde ,ba4 ,dieu ,o,euvres p4 #bha4 #cdf ,ba4 ,/atuts pp4 #abi-ca4 #cdg ,ba4 ,proposition pp4 #ag-ah4 #cdh ,ba4 ,dieu ,o,euvres p4 #bha4 #cdi ,ba4 ,proposition pp4 #ag-ah4 #cej ,ba4 ,proposition p4 #ah4 #cea ,ba4 ,/atuts p4 #acc4 #ceb ,ba4 ,dieu ,o,euvres p4 #bhe4 #cec ,ba4 ,proposition p4 #acd4 #ced ,ba4 ,dieu p4 #ai4 #cee ,ib4 p4 #hg4 #cef ,ba4 ,dieu ,o,euvres p4 #bhg4 #ceg ,ba4 ,dieu p4 #bj4 #ceh ,ib4 p4 #ig4 #cei ,ib4 p4 #i4 #cfj ,ib4 p4 #aa4 #cfa ,ba4 ,dieu ,o,euvres p4 #bhh4 #cfb ,ba4 ,dieu pp4 #bi-cj4 #cfc ,ba4 ,proposition p4 #aed #cfd ,ib4 p4 #aj4 #cfe ,ba4 ,dieu ,o,euvres pp4 #bhg-h4 #cff ,ba4 ,dieu p4 #ad4 #cfg ,ib4 p4 #fe4 #cfh ,ib4 p4 #ec #cfi ,ba4 ,dieu ,o,euvres p4 #bhg4 #cgj ,ba4 ,articles p4 #aac4 #cga ,ba4 ,/atuts p4 #abe4 #cgb ,ba4 ,/atuts p4 #abe4 #cgc ,ba4 ,dieu p4 #aa4 #cgd ,ba4 ,dieu ,o,euvres pp4 #bgg-h4 #cge ,ib4 p4 #bha4 #cgf ,ib4 p4 #bgi4 #cgg ,ib4 p4 #bha4 #cgh ,ib4 p4 #bhc4 #cgi ,ba4 ,proposition pp4 #af-ah4 #chj ,ib4 p4 #bj4 #cha ,ba4 ,proposition p4 #af4 #chb ,ib4 pp4 #af-ag4 #chc ,ib4 pp4 #ag-ah4 #chd ,ib4 p4 #ag4 #che ,ib4 p4 #ah4 #chf ,ba4 ,/atuts p4 #abh4 #chg ,ba4 ,dieu ,o,euvres p4 #cbd4 #chh ,ib4 pp4 #cbc-d4 #chi ,ba4 ,proposition pp4 #cb-c4 #cij ,ba4 ,proposition pp4 #bf-g4 #cia ,ba4 ,dieu p4 #ad4 #cib ,ib4 p4 #ad4 #cic ,ba4 ,programme p4 #chb4 #cid ,ba4 ,articles p4 #aac4 #cie ,ba4 ,/atuts p4 #abe4 #cif ,ib4 p4 #abe4 #cig ,ba4 ,proposition pp4 #ed-e4 #cih ,ib4 p4 #ei4 #cii ,ba4 ,/atuts p4 #acc4 #djj ,ba4 ,proposition p4 #ee4 #dja ,ba4 ,/atuts p4 #acc4 #djb ,ba4 ,disc\rs p4 #bg4 #djc ,ba4 ,proposition p4 #ef4 #djd ,ba4 ,disc\rs p4 #bh4 #dje ,ba4 ,dieu p4 #aj4 #djf ,ib4 p4 #ah4 #djg ,ib4 p4 #de4 #djh ,ba4 ,/atuts p4 #acb4 #dji ,ib4 p4 #abe4 #daj ,ba4 ,articles p4 #aac4 #daa ,ba4 ,/atuts p4 #abe4 #dab ,ba4 ,/atuts p4 #abi4 #dac ,ib4 p4 #abf4 #dad ,ba4 ,volkssa*e p4 #cji4 #dae ,ba4 ,/atuts pp4 #abg-h4 #daf ,ib4 p4 #abe4 #dag ,ib4 p4 #aca4 #dah ,ba4 ,/atuts pp4 #abi-cj4 ,bakun9 is writ+ 9 a _w :]e ! ,*ur* is ev]y:]e "p ( ! ,/ate ma*9e4 ,w\ld 8 words ab\t ,*ur* prop]ty apply equally1 accord+ to him1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e ! ,*ur* prop]ty is 9 g5]al made up ( ! free gifts ( individual believ]s8 ,p]haps2 = he w\ld h no love = ! ,*ur* ev5 "h1 & he is obvi\sly ho/ile to any?+ 9 ! nature ( mortma94 ,if s1 h[ ab\t college prop]ty8 #dai ,ba4 ,/atuts pp4 #acj-ca4 #dbj ,ib4 p4 #abe4 #dba ,ib4 p4 #aca4 #dbb ,ba4 ,volkssa*e p4 #cji4 #dbc ,ba4 ,/atuts p4 #acb4 #dbd ,ib4 p4 #acb4 #dbe ,ba4 ,articles p4 #ajc4 #dbf ,ba4 ,articles p4 #ajc4 #dbg ,ba4 ,/atuts p4 #acb4 #dbh ,ib4 p4 #acb4 #dbi ,ib4 p4 #abe4 #dcj ,ib4 pp4 #abe-f4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,kropotk9',s ,,tea*+ #a4--;,,g5]al #a4 ,pr9ce ,pet] ,alexeyevit* ,kropotk9 0 born at ,mosc[ 9 #ahdb4 ,f #ahfb to #ahfg he 0 an (fic] ( ! ,cossacks ( ! ,amur2 dur+ ?is "t he travel$ ov] a great "p ( ,sib]ia & ,man*uria4 ,f #ahfg to #ahga he /udi$ ma!matics at ,/4 ,pet]sburg2 at ?is "t he 0 also secret>y ( ! ,geographical ,society2 "u its commission he explor$ ! glaci]s ( ,f9l& & ,sw$5 9 #ahga4 ,9 #ahgb ,kropotk9 visit$ ,belgium & ,switz]l&1 :]e he jo9$ ! ,association int]nationale des travailleurs4 ,9 ! same ye> he return$ to ,/4 ,pet]sburg & became a prom95t memb] ( ! ,t*aik(fski secret society4 ,?is 0 f\nd out 9 #ahgd4 ,he 0 arre/$ & kept 9 prison until 9 #ahgf he succe$$ 9 escap+ to ,engl&4 ,f ,engl& ,kropotk9 w5t to ,switz]l& 9 #ahgg1 b 0 expell$ f t c\ntry 9 #ahha4 ,!nce=? he resid$ alt]nately 9 ,engl& & ,france4 ,9 ,france1 9 #ahhc1 he 0 condemn$ to five ye>s' imprisonm5t = memb]%ip 9 a prohibit$ association2 he 0 kept 9 prison till #ahhf1 & !n p>don$4 ,s9ce !n he has liv$ 9 ,engl&4 ,kropotk9 has publi%$ geographical works & acc\nts ( travel1 & also writ+s 9 ! sph]es ( economics1 politics1 & ! philosophy ( law4 #b4 ,= ,kropotk9's tea*+ ab\t law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty1 ! mo/ important s\rces are 8 _m %ort works1 newspap] articles1 & lectures4 ,! articles t he publi%$ f #ahgi to #ahhb 9 ,le ,revolte ( ,g5eva1 appe>$ 9 #ahhe z a book "u ! title ,p>oles d'un revolte4 ,! only l>ge "w 9 :i* he develops 8 tea*+ is ,la conquete du pa9 7#ahib74 #c4 ,kropotk9 calls 8 tea*+ ,an>*ism4 ,:5 9 ! bosom ( ! ,int]national !re 0 =m$ a p>ty :i* no m ackn[l$g$ an au?ority inside t association ?an any o!r au?ority1 ?is p>ty call$ itself at fir/ f$]ali/1 !n anti-au?orit>ian or ho/ile to ! ,/ate4 ,at t "t x avoid$ describ+ itself z ,an>*i/ic4 ,! ^w an-ar*ie 7x 0 s writt5 at t "t7 seem$ to id5tify ! p>ty too mu* ) ! adh]5ts ( ,pr\dhon1 ^: re=m ideas ! ,int]national 0 oppos+4 ,b = ?is v reason its oppon5ts delight$ 9 us+ ?is designation 9 ord] to produce confusion2 besides1 ! "n made ! ass]tion possible t f ! v "n ( ! ,an>*i/s x 0 evid5t t !y aim$ m]ely at disord] & *aos1 )\t ?9k+ any f>!r4 ,! ,an>*i/ic p>ty 0 n sl[ to adopt ! designation t 0 giv5 to x4 ,at fir/ x /ill insi/$ on ! hyph5 betwe5 an & ar*ie1 ) ! explanation t 9 ?is =m ! ^w an-ar*ie1 be+ ( ,greek orig91 d5ot$ abs5ce ( dom9ion & n 'disord]'2 b x soon decid$ to sp>e ! pro(-read] 8 useless tr\ble & ! read] 8 lesson 9 ,greek1 & us$ ! "n z x /ood4#dca ,& 9 fact ! ^w an>*ie1 :i* negates ! :ole ( ?is s-call$ ord] & rem9ds u ( ! faire/ mom5ts 9 ! lives ( ! nations1 is well *os5 = a p>ty t looks =w>d to conqu]+ a bett] future4#dcb #b4--;,,basis ,accord+ to ,kropotk91 ! law :i* has supreme validity = man is ! evolution>y law ( ! progress ( mank9d f a less happy exi/5ce to an exi/5ce z happy z possible2 f ?is law he d]ives ! comm&m5t ( ju/ice & ! comm&m5t ( en]gy4 #a4 ,! supreme law = man is ! evolution>y law ( ! progress ( mank9d f a less happy exi/5ce to an exi/5ce z happy z possible4 ,!re is only "o sci5tific me?od1 ! me?od ( ! natural sci5ces1#dcc & we apply ?is me?od also 9 ! sci5ces t relate to man1#dcd p>ticul>ly 9 ! sci5ce ( society4#dce ,n[1 a mighty revolution is at pres5t tak+ place#dcf 9 ! entire realm ( sci5ce2 x is ! result ( ! philosophy ( evolution4#dcg ,! idea hi!rto preval5t1 t ev]y?+ 9 nature /&s fa/1 is fall51 de/roy$1 annihilat$4 ,ev]y?+ 9 nature *anges2 no?+ rema9s3 nei!r ! rock :i* appe>s to u to be immovable & ! cont95t :i* we call t]ra firma1 nor ! inhabitants1 _! cu/oms1 habits1 & ?\ghts4 ,all t we see ab\t u is a transitory ph5om5on1 & mu/ *ange1 because motionlessness w\ld be dea?4#dch ,9 ! case ( organisms ?is evolution is progress1 9 consequ5ce ( _! admirable adaptivity to _! conditions ( life4 ,!y develop su* faculties z r5d] m complete bo? ! adaptations ( ! aggregates to _! surr\nd+s & ^? ( ea* ( ! con/itu5t p>ts ( ! aggregate to ! ne$s ( free co-op]ation4#dci ,?is is ! '/ruggle = exi/5ce1' :i*1 !re=e1 mu/ n be conceiv$ m]ely 9 its re/rict$ s5se ( a /ruggle betwe5 individuals = ! means ( subsi/5ce4#ddj ,evolution nev] advances s sl[ly & ev5ly z has be5 ass]t$4 ,evolution & revolution alt]nate1 & ! revolutions--t is1 ! times ( accel]at$ evolution--belong to ! unity ( nature j z mu* z d ! times 9 :i* evolution takes place m sl[ly4#dda ,ord] is ! free equilibrium ( all =ces t op]ate ^u ! same po9t2 if any ( ^! =ces are int]f]$ ) 9 _! op]ation by a human w1 !y op]ate none ! less1 b _! effects accumulate till "s day !y break ! artificial dam & provoke a revolution4#ddb ,kropotk9 applies ^! g5]al propositions to ! social life ( m54#ddc ,a society is an aggregation ( organisms try+ to comb9e ! wants ( ! individual ) ^? ( co-op]ation = ! welf>e ( ! species2#ddd x is a :ole :i* s]ves t[>d ! purpose ( atta9+ ! l>ge/ possible am\nt ( happ9ess at ! lea/ possible exp5se ( human =ce4#dde ,n[ human societies evolve1#ddf & "o may try to det]m9e ! direction ( ?is evolution4#ddg ,societies advance f l[] to high] =ms ( organization2#ddh b ! goal ( ?is evolution--t is1 ! po9t t[>ds :i* x directs itself--consi/s 9 e/abli%+ ! be/ conditions = realiz+ ! greate/ happ9ess ( humanity4#ddi ,:at we call progress is ! "r pa? to ?is goal2#dej humanity may = ! "t err f ?is pa?1 b w always be br\ght back to x at la/4#dea ,b n ev5 "h does evolution take place )\t revolutions4 ,:at is true ( a man's views1 ( ! climate ( a c\ntry1 ( ! *>act]i/ics ( a species1 is true also ( societies3 !y evolve sl[ly1 b !re are also times ( ! quicke/ trans=mation4#deb ,= circum/ances ( _m k9ds may oppose !mselves to ! ef=t ( human associations to atta9 to ! greate/ possible measure ( happ9ess4#dec ,new ?\ghts g]m9ate ev]y:]e1 try to get to ! light1 try to get !mselves appli$ 9 life2 b !y are kept back by ! in]tia ( ^? :o h an int]e/ 9 keep+ up ! old conditions1 !y are /ifl$ "u long-e/abli%$ prejudices & traditions4#ded ,political1 economic1 & social in/itutions fall 9 ru9s1 & ! build+ :i* has become un9habitable h9d]s ! developm5t ( :at is spr\t+ 9 its crevices & ar\nd x4#dee ,!n !re is ne$ ( great ev5ts :i* rudely break ! ?read ( hi/ory & hurl mank9d out ( its ruts into new roads2#def ! ,revolution becomes a p]emptory necessity4#deg--,man has recogniz$ 8 place 9 nature2 he has recogniz$ t 8 in/itutions are 8 "w & c be refa%ion$ by him alone4#deh ,:at has n ! eng9e]'s art d>$1 & :at d n lit]ature1 pa9t+1 music1 ! drama d>e to-day8#dei ,?us mu/ we also1 :]e any in/itutions h9d] ! progress ( society1 d>e ! fight1 to make a ri* & ov]fl[+ life possible to all4#dfj #b4 ,f ! evolution>y law ( ! progress ( mank9d f a less happy exi/5ce to ! happie/ exi/5ce possible ,kropotk9 d]ives ! comm&m5t ( ju/ice & ! comm&m5t ( en]gy4 ,9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce human societies evolve t[>d a condition 9 :i* !re are giv5 ! be/ conditions = ! atta9m5t ( ! greate/ happ9ess ( mank9d4#dfa ,:5 we describe any?+ z good1 we mean by ?is t x favors ! atta9m5t ( ! goal2 t is1 x is b5eficial to ! society 9 :i* we live2 & we call t evil :i* 9 our op9ion h9d]s ! atta9m5t ( ! goal1 t is1 is h>mful to ! society we live 94#dfb ,n[1 m5's views z to :at favors & :at h9d]s ! e/abli%m5t ( ! be/ conditions = ! atta9m5t ( mank9d's greate/ happ9ess1 & h5ce z to :at is b5eficial or h>mful to society1 may c]ta9ly *ange4#dfc ,b "o fundam5tal requisite = ! atta9m5t ( ! goal w always h to be recogniz$ z su*1 :atev] ! div]sity ( op9ions4 ,x may be summ$ up 9 ! s5t5ce ',d to o!rs z y w\ld h x done to y 9 ! l case'4#dfd ,b ?is s5t5ce is no?+ else ?an ! pr9ciple ( equality2#dfe & equality1 9 turn1 means ! same z equity1#dff solid>ity1#dfg ju/ice4#dfh ,b !re is indisputably yet ano!r fundam5tal requisite = ! atta9m5t ( ! goal4 ,?is is some?+ great]1 f9]1 & mighti] ?an m]e equality2#dfi x may be express$ 9 ! s5t5ce ,be /rong2 ov]fl[ ) ! passion ( ?\ght & action3 s %all y\r und]/&+1 y\r love1 y\r en]gy1 p\r itself into o!rs4#dgj #c4--,,law ,i4 ,9 mank9d's progress f a less happy exi/5ce to an exi/5ce z happy z possible1 "o ( ! next /eps1 accord+ to ,kropotk91 w be ! disappe>ance--n inde$ ( law1 b--( enact$ law4 #a4 ,enact$ law has become a h9drance to mank9d's progress t[>d an exi/5ce z happy z possible4 ,= ?\s&s ( ye>s ^? :o gov]n h be5 repeat+ aga9 & aga91 ',respect ! law6'2#dga 9 ! ,/ates ( to-day a new law is reg>d$ z ! cure = all evils4#dgb ,b ! law has no claim to m5's respect4#dgc ,x is an adroit mixture ( su* cu/oms z are b5eficial to society1 & w\ld be obs]v$ ev5 )\t a law1 ) o!rs :i* are to ! advantage only ( a rul+ m9ority1 b are h>mful to ! masses & c be upheld only by t]ror4#dgd ,! law1 :i* fir/ made its appe>ance z a collection ( cu/oms :i* s]ve = ! ma9t5ance ( society1 is n[ m]ely an in/rum5t to keep up ! exploitation & dom9ation ( ! indu/ri\s masses by weal?y idl]s4 ,x has n[ no long] any civiliz+ mission2 its only mission is to protect exploitation4#dge ,x puts rigid immobility 9 ! place ( progressive developm5t1#dgf x seeks to confirm p]man5tly ! cu/oms t are advantage\s to ! rul+ m9ority4#dgg ,if "o looks ov] ! millions ( laws :i* mank9d obeys1 "o c di/+ui% ?ree great classes3 protection ( prop]ty1 protection ( gov]nm5t1 protection ( p]sons4 ,b 9 exam9+ ^! ?ree classes "o comes 9 e case to ! necess>y conclusion t ! law is valueless & h>mful4 ,:at ! protection ( prop]ty is wor?1 ! ,sociali/s "k only too well4 ,! laws ab\t prop]ty d n exi/ to secure to individuals or to society ! product ( _! labor4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y exi/ to rob ! produc] ( a "p ( 8 product1 & to protect a few 9 ! enjoym5t ( :at !y h /ol5 f ! produc] or f ! :ole ( society4#dgh ,& z reg>ds ! laws = ! protection ( gov]nm5t1 we "k well t all gov]nm5ts1 )\t exception1 h x = _! mission to uphold by =ce ! privileges ( ! prop]ti$ classes--! nobility1 ! cl]gy1 & ! b\rgeoisie4 ,a man has only to exam9e all ^! laws1 only to obs]ve _! e-day work+1 & he w be conv9c$ t n "o is wor? keep+4#dgi ,equally sup]flu\s & h>mful1 f9ally1 are ! laws = ! protection ( p]sons1 = ! puni%m5t & prev5tion ( 'crimes'4 ,! fe> ( puni%m5t nev] yet re/ra9$ a murd]]4 ,he :o w\ld kill 8 neighbor1 = rev5ge or = necessity1 does n beat 8 bra9s ab\t ! consequ5ces2 & e murd]] hi!rto has _h ! firm conviction t he w\ld escape prosecution4 ,if murd] 7 decl>$ n puni%able1 ! numb] ( murd]s w\ld n increase ev5 by "o2 r x w\ld decrease to ! ext5t t murd]s are at pres5t committ$ by habitual crim9als :o h be5 corrupt$ 9 prison4#dhj #b4 ,! /age ( evolution to :i* enact$ law belongs w soon be left beh9d by man4 ,! law is a comp>atively "y =mation4 ,mank9d liv$ = ages )\t any writt5 law4 ,at t "t ! relations ( m5 to ea* o!r 7 regulat$ by m]e habits1 by cu/oms & usages1 :i* age made v5]able1 & :i* e "o le>n$ f 8 *ildhood 9 ! same way z he le>n$ hunt+1 cattle-rais+1 or agriculture4#dha ,b :5 society came to be m & m split into two ho/ile classes1 ( :i* ! "o want$ to rule & ! o!r to escape f rule1 ! victor ( ! mom5t s\ght to give p]man5ce to ! accompli%$ fact & to hall[ x by all t 0 v5]able to ! defeat$4 ,consecrat$ by ! prie/ & protect$ by ! /rong h& ( ! w>rior1 law appe>$4#dhb ,b its days are already numb]$4 ,ev]y:]e we f9d insurg5ts :o w no long] obey ! law till !y "k :]e x comes f1 :at x is good =1 by :at "r x dem&s ob$i5ce1 & = :at reason x is held 9 honor4 ,!y br+ "u _! criticism ev]y?+ t has until n[ be5 respect$ z ! f\ndation ( society1 b fir/ & =emo/ ! feti%1 law4#dhc ,! mom5t ( its disappe>ance1 = ! ha/5+ ( :i* we mu/ fight1#dhd is close at h&1#dhe p]haps ev5 at ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4#dhf ,,ii4 ,9 ! next /age ( evolution1 :i*1 z has be5 %[n1 mank9d mu/ soon rea*1 !re w inde$ be no enact$ law1 b !re w be law ev5 !re4 ,! laws w be totally abrogat$2#dhg unwritt5 cu/oms1#dhh 'cu/om>y law1' z juri/s say1#dhi w suffice to ma9ta9 a good und]/&+4#dij ,^! norms ( ! next /age ( evolution w be bas$ on a g5]al w2#dia & con=mity to !m w be adequately assur$ by ! necessity1 :i* e "o feels1 ( f9d+ co-op]ation1 support1 & sympa?y#dib & by ! fe> ( expulsion f ! fell[%ip1#dic b also1 if necess>y1 by ! int]v5tion ( ! individual citiz5#did or ( ! masses2#die !y w !re=e be legal norms4 ,( legal norms ( ! next /age ( evolution ,kropotk9 m5tions 9 ! fir/ place ?is1--t contracts mu/ be liv$ up to4#dif ,fur!rmore1 accord+ to ,kropotk9 !re w obta9 9 ! next /age ( evolution a legal norm by virtue ( :i* n only ! means ( production1 b all ?+s1 are common prop]ty4#dig ,an additional legal norm 9 ! next /age ( evolution w1 accord+ to ,kropotk91 be t by virtue ( :i* e "o :o co-op]ates 9 production to a c]ta9 ext5t has1 = "o ?+1 ! "r to live2 = ano!r1 ! "r to live com=tably4#dih #d4--,,! ,,/ate ,i4 ,accord+ to ,kropotk91 9 mank9d's progress f a less happy exi/5ce to an exi/5ce z happy z possible ! ,/ate w %ortly disappe>4 #a4 ,! ,/ate has become a h9drance to mank9d's evolution t[>d a happ9ess z great z possible4 ,:at does ?is mon/r\s eng9e s]ve =1 t we call ',/ate'8 ,= prev5t+ ! exploitation ( ! labor] by ! capitali/1 ( ! peasant by ! l&lord8 or = assur+ u ( "w8 = provid+ u food :5 ! "m has no?+ b wat] left = h] *ild8 ,no1 a ?\s& times no4#dii ,b in/ead ( ?is ! ,/ate m$dles 9 all our affairs1 p9ions u f cradle to grave4 ,x prescribes all our actions1 x piles up m\nta9s ( laws & ord9ances t bewild] ! %rewde/ lawy]4 ,x creates an army ( (fice-hold]s :o sit l spid]s 9 _! webs & h nev] se5 ! _w except ?r\gh ! d+y panes ( _! (fice-w9d[4 ,! imm5se & ev]-increas+ sums t ! ,/ate collects f ! p are nev] suffici5t3 x lives at ! exp5se ( future g5]ations1 & /e]s ) all its might t[>d bankruptcy4 ',/ate' is tantam\nt to 'w>'2 "o ,/ate seeks to weak5 & ru9 ano!r 9 ord] to =ce ^u ! latt] its law1 its policy1 its comm]cial treaties1 & to enri* itself at its exp5se2 w> is to-day ! usual condition 9 ,europe1 !re is a ?irty ye>s' supply ( causes ( w> on h&4 ,& civil w> rages at ! same "t ) =eign w>2 ! ,/ate1 :i* 0 orig9ally to be a protection = all & especially = ! weak1 has to-day become a weapon ( ! ri* aga9/ ! exploit$1 ( ! prop]ti$ aga9/ ! prop]tyless4#ejj ,9 ^! respects !re is no di/9ction to be made betwe5 ! diff]5t =ms ( ! ,/ate4 ,t[>d ! end ( ! la/ c5tury ! ,fr5* p ov]?rew ! mon>*y1 & ! la/ absolute k+ expiat$ on ! scaffold 8 own crimes & ^? ( 8 pr$ecessors4#eja ,lat] all ! c\ntries ( ! ,cont95t w5t ?r\gh ! same evolution3 !y ov]?rew _! absolute mon>*ies & flung !mselves into ! arms ( p>liam5t>ism4#ejb ,n[ x is be+ p]ceiv$ t p>liam5t>ism1 :i* 0 ent]$ ^u ) su* great hopes1 has ev]y:]e become a tool = intrigue & p]sonal enri*m5t1 = ef=ts ho/ile to ! p & to evolution4#ejc ,precisely l any despot1 ! body ( repres5tatives ( ! p--be x call$ ,p>liam5t1 ,conv5tion1 or any?+ else2 be x appo9t$ by ! prefects ( a ,bonap>te or elect$ ) all conceivable fre$om by an insurg5t city--w always try to enl>ge its compet5ce1 to /r5g!n its p[] by all sorts ( m$dl+1 & to displace ! activity ( ! individual & ! gr\p by ! law4#ejd ,x 0 only a =ty ye>s' movem5t1 :i* occasionally ev5 set fire to gra9-fields1 t c\ld br+ ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t to secure to ! t5ant ! value ( ! improvem5ts made by him4 ,b if x is a "q ( protect+ ! capitali/'s int]e/1 ?reat5$ by a di/urbance or ev5 by agitation1--ah1 !n e repres5tative ( ! p is on h&1 !n x acts ) m recklessness & c[>dice ?an any despot4 ,! six-hundr$-head$ bea/ )\t a "n has outdone ,l\is ,,ix & ,ivan ,,iv4#eje ,p>liam5t>ism is nauseat+ to any "o :o has se5 x ne> at h&4#ejf ,! dom9ion ( m51 :i* calls itself 'gov]nm5t1' is incompatible ) a morality f\nd$ on solid>ity4#ejg ,?is is be/ %[n by ! s-call$ civil rights1 ^: value & importance ! b\rgeois press is daily prais+ to u 9 e key4#ejh ,are !y made = ^? :o alone ne$ !m8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,univ]sal suffrage may "u "s circum/ances af=d to ! b\rgeoisie a c]ta9 protection aga9/ encroa*m5ts by ! c5tral au?ority1 x may e/abli% a balance betwe5 two au?orities )\t its be+ necess>y = ! rivals to draw ! knife on ea* o!r z =m]ly2 b x is valueless :5 ! object is to ov]?r[ au?ority or ev5 to set b\nds to x4 ,= ! rul]s x is an excell5t means ( decid+ _! disputes2 b ( :at use is x to ! rul$8 ,j s ) ! fre$om ( ! press4 ,to ! m9d ( ! b\rgeoisie1 :at is ! be/ ?+ t has be5 alleg$ 9 its favor8 ,its impot5ce4 ',look at ,engl&1 ,switz]l&1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1' !y say4 ',!re ! press is free & yet ! dom9ion ( capital is m assur$ ?an 9 any o!r c\ntry4' ,j s !y ?9k ab\t ! "r ( association4 ',:y %\ld we n grant full "r ( association8' says ! b\rgeoisie4 ',x w n impair our privileges4 ,:at we h to fe> is secret societies2 public unions are ! be/ means to cripple !m4' ',! inviolability ( ! home8 ,yes1 ?is we mu/ proclaim al\d1 ?is we mu/ inscribe 9 ! /atute-books1' say ! sly b\rgeois1 '! police c]ta9ly mu/ n be look+ into our pots & kettles4 ,if ?+s g wrong "s day1 we w snap our f+]s at a man's "r to 8 own h\se1 rummage ev]y?+1 &1 if necess>y1 arre/ p 9 _! b$s4' ',! secrecy ( lett]s8 ,yes1 j proclaim its inviolability al\d ev]y:]e1 our little privacies c]ta9ly mu/ n come to ! light4 ,if we sc5t a plot aga9/ our privileges1 we %all n /& mu* on c]emony4 ,& if anybody objects1 we %all say :at an ,engli% m9i/] lately said among ! applause ( ,p>liam5t3 ,yes1 g5tlem51 x is ) a heavy he>t & ) ! deepe/ reluctance t we are hav+ lett]s op5$1 b ! c\ntry 7t is1 ! ari/ocracy & b\rgeoisie7 is 9 dang]6' ,t is :at political rights are4 ,fre$om ( ! press & fre$om ( association1 ! inviolability ( ! home1 & all ! re/1 are respect$ only s long z ! p make no use ( !m aga9/ ! privileg$ classes4 ,b on ! day :5 ! p beg9 to use !m = ! und]m9+ ( privileges all ^! 'rights' are ?r[n ov]bo>d4#eji #b4 ,! /age ( evolution to :i* ! ,/ate belongs w soon be left beh9d by man4 ,! ,/ate is doom$4#eaj ,x is ( a relatively mod]n orig94#eaa ,! ,/ate is a hi/oric =mation :i*1 9 ! life ( all nations1 has at a c]ta9 "t gradually tak5 ! place ( free associations4 ,*ur*1 law1 milit>y p[]1 & weal? acquir$ by plund]1 h = c5turies made common cause1 h 9 sl[ labor pil$ /one on /one1 encroa*m5t on encroa*m5t1 & ?us creat$ ! mon/r\s in/itution :i* has f9ally fix$ itself 9 e corn] ( social life--nay1 9 ! bra9s & he>ts ( m5--& :i* we call ! ,/ate4#eab ,x has n[ begun to decompose4 ,! peoples--especially ^? ( ! ,lat9 races--are b5t on de/roy+ its au?ority1 :i* m]ely hamp]s _! free developm5t2 !y want ! indep5d5ce ( prov9ces1 communes1 & gr\ps ( labor]s2 !y want n to submit to any dom9ion1 b to league !mselves toge!r freely4#eac ,! dissolution ( ! ,/ates is advanc+ at frightful spe$4 ,!y h become decrepit graybe>ds1 ) wr9kl$ sk9s & tott]+ feet1 gnaw$ by int]nal diseases & )\t und]/&+ = ! new ?\ghts2 !y are squ&]+ ! little /r5g? t !y /ill _h left1 liv+ at ! exp5se ( _! numb]$ ye>s1 & ha/5+ _! end by fall+ f\l ( ea* o!r l old wom54#ead ,! mom5t ( ! ,/ate's disappe>ance is !re=e close at h&4#eae ,kropotk9 says n[ t x w come 9 a few ye>s1#eaf n[ t x w come at ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4#eag ,,ii4 ,9 ! next /age ( evolution1 :i*1 z has be5 %[n1 mank9d mu/ soon rea*1 ! place ( ! ,/ate w be tak5 by a social human life on ! basis ( ! legal norm t contracts mu/ be liv$ up to4 ,an>*ism is ! inevitable#eah next phase1#eai high] =m1#ebj ( society4 #a4 ,ev5 aft] ! ,/ate is done away m5 w live toge!r socially2 b !y w no long] be held toge!r 9 society by a gov]nm5tal au?ority1 b by ! legally b9d+ =ce ( contract4 ,free expansion ( individuals into gr\ps & ( gr\ps into associations1 free organization f ! simple to ! complex z ne$ & incl9ation are felt1#eba w be ! future =m ( society4 ,we c at pres5t p]ceive a gr[+ ,an>*i/ic movem5t2 t is1 a movem5t t[>ds limit+ m & m ! sph]e ( action ( gov]nm5t4 ,aft] hav+ tri$ all k9ds ( gov]nm5t1 humanity is try+ n[ to free itself f ! bonds ( any gov]nm5t :atev]1 & to respond to its ne$s ( organization by ! free und]/&+ betwe5 individuals prosecut+ ! same common aims4#ebb ,free associations are beg9n+ to take to !mselves ! entire field ( human activity4#ebc ,! l>ge organizations result+ m]ely & simply f free agreem5t h gr[n rec5tly4 ,! railway net ( ,europe--a conf$]ation ( s _m scores ( sep>ate societies--is an in/ance2 ! ,dut* ,beurd51 or associations ( %ip & boat own]s1 are ext5d+ n[ _! organizations ov] ! riv]s ( ,g]many1 & ev5 to ! %ipp+ trade ( ! ,baltic2 ! numb]less amalgamat$ manufactur]s' associations1 & ! syndicats ( ,france1 are s _m in/ances 9 po9t4 ,b !re also is no lack ( free organizations = nobl] pursuits3 ! ,lifeboat ,association1 ! ,hospitals ,association1 & hundr$s ( l organizations4 ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable societies :i* has#ebd rec5tly aris5 is ! ,r$ ,cross ,society4 ,to slaught] m5 on ! battle-fields1 t rema9s ! duty ( ! ,/ate2 b ^! v ,/ates recognize _! inability to take c>e ( _! own w\nd$2 !y ab&on ! task1 to a great ext5t1 to private initiative4#ebe ,^! endeavors w atta9 to free play1 w f9d a new & va/ field = _! application1 & w =m ! f\ndation ( ! future society4#ebf ,! agreem5t betwe5 ! hundr$s ( companies to :i* ! ,european railroads belong has be5 ent]$ into directly1 )\t ! m$dl+ ( any c5tral au?ority t prescrib$ laws to ! sev]al companies4 ,x has be5 kept up by conv5tions at :i* delegates met to consult toge!r & !n to lay be=e _! pr9cipals plans1 n laws4 ,?is is a new proc$ure1 utt]ly diff]5t f any gov]nm5t :e!r mon>*ical or republican1 absolute or con/itutional4 ,x is an innovation :i* at fir/ makes its way into ,european mann]s only by hesitat+ /eps1 b to :i* ! future belongs4#ebg #b4 ,to rack our bra9s to-day ab\t ! details ( ! =m :i* public life %all take 9 ! future society1 w\ld be silly4 ,yet we mu/ come to an agreem5t n[ ab\t ! ma9 outl9es4#ebh ,we mu/ n =get t p]haps 9 a ye> or two we %all be call$ on to decide all que/ions ( ! organization ( society4#ebi ,communes w cont9ue to exi/2 b ^! communes are n agglom]ations ( m5 9 a t]ritory1 & "k nei!r walls nor b\nd>ies2 ! commune is a clu/]+ ( l-m9d$ p]sons1 n a clos$ integ]4 ,! v>i\s gr\ps 9 "o commune w feel !mselves drawn to simil> gr\ps 9 o!r communes2 !y w unite !mselves ) ^! z firmly z ) _! fell[-citiz5s2 & ?us !re w come ab\t communities ( int]e/ ^: memb]s are scatt]$ ov] a ?\s& cities & villages4#ecj ,m5 w jo9 !mselves toge!r by contracts#eca to =m su* communes4 ,!y w take ^u !mselves duties to society1#ecb :i* on its "p engages to d c]ta9 ?+s = !m4#ecc ,x w n be necess>y to compel ! fulfilm5t ( ^! contracts1#ecd !re w be no ne$ ( p5alties & judges4#ece ,fulfilm5t w be suffici5tly assur$ by ! necessity1 :i* e "o feels1 ( f9d+ co-op]ation1 support1 & sympa?y among 8 neighbors2#ecf he :o does n live up to 8 obligations c ( c\rse be expell$ f fell[%ip4#ecg ,9 ! commune e "o w d :at is necess>y himself1 )\t wait+ = a gov]nm5t's ord]s4#ech ,! commune w n fir/ de/roy ! ,/ate & !n set x up aga94#eci ,p w see t !y are free/ & happie/ :5 !y h no pl5ipot5ti>y ag5ts & dep5d z little on ! wisdom ( repres5tatives z on t ( ,provid5ce4#edj ,nor w !re be prisons or o!r p5al in/itutions2#eda = ! few anti-social acts t may /ill take place ! be/ rem$y w consi/ 9 lov+ treatm5t1 moral influ5ce1 & lib]ty4#edb ,! communes on _! "p w jo9 !mselves toge!r by contracts#edc q 9 ! same way z d ! memb]s ( ! individual communes4 ,! commune w recognize no?+ above x except ! int]e/s ( ! league t x has ( its own accord made ) o!r communes4#edd ,ow+ to ! multiplicity ( our ne$s1 a s+le league w soon n be en\gh2 ! commune w feel ! necessity ( ent]+ into o!r connections also1 jo9+ ?is or t o!r league4 ,= ! purpose ( obta9+ food x is already a memb] ( "o gr\p2 n[ x mu/ jo9 a second 9 ord] to obta9 o!r objects t x ne$s1--metal1 = in/ance1--& !n a ?ird & f\r? too1 t w supply x ) clo? & works ( art4 ,if "o takes up an economic atlas ( any c\ntry1 "o sees t !re are no economic b\nd>ies3 ! areas ( production & ex*ange = ! diff]5t objects are bl5d$1 int]lac$1 sup]impos$4 ,?us ! comb9ations ( ! communes also1 if !y foll[$ _! natural developm5t1 w\ld soon int]tw9e 9 ! same way & =m an inf9itely d5s] network & a f> m consummate 'unity' ?an ! ,/ates1 ^: individual p>ts1 aft] all1 only lie side by side l ! rods ar\nd ! lictor's axe4#ede #c4 ,! future society w be able easily to accompli% ! tasks t ! ,/ate accompli%es at pres5t4 ,suppose !re is ne$ ( a /reet4 ,well1 !n let ! inhabitants ( ! neighbor+ communes come to an und]/&+ ab\t x1 & !y w d _! bus9ess bett] ?an ! ,m9i/] ( ,public ,works w\ld d x4 ,or a railroad is ne$$4 ,"h too ! communes t are conc]n$ w produce some?+ v diff]5t f ! "w ( ! promot]s :o only build bad pieces ( track & make millions by x4 ,or s*ools are requir$4 ,p c fit !m up = !mselves at lea/ z well z ! g5tlem5 at ,p>is4 ,or ! enemy invades ! c\ntry4 ,!n we def5d ourselves in/ead ( rely+ on g5]als :o w\ld m]ely betray u4 ,or ! f>m] mu/ h tools & ma*9es4 ,!n he comes to an und]/&+ ) ! city work+m51 ^! supply him ) !m at co/ 9 return = 8 products1 & ! middleman1 :o n[ robs bo? ! f>m] & ! work+man1 is sup]flu\s4#edf ,or !re comes up a little dispute1 or a /rong] man tries to pu% d[n a weak]4 ,9 ! fir/ case ! p w "k en\gh to create a c\rt ( arbitration1 & 9 ! second e citiz5 w reg>d x z 8 duty to int]f]e himself & n wait = ! police2 !re w be z little ne$ ( con/ables z ( judges & turnkeys4#edg #e4--,,prop]ty ,i4 ,accord+ to ,kropotk91 ! progress ( mank9d f a less happy exi/5ce to an exi/5ce z happy z possible w %ortly br+ u to ! disappe>ance n inde$ ( prop]ty1 b ( its pres5t =m1 private prop]ty4 #a4 ,private prop]ty has become a h9drance to ! evolution ( mank9d t[>d a happ9ess z great z possible4 ,:at are ! effects ( private prop]ty to-day8 ,! crisis1 :i* 0 =m]ly acute1 has become *ronic2 ! crisis 9 ! cotton trade1 ! crisis 9 ! production ( metals1 ! crisis 9 wat*mak+1 all ! crises1 rage concurr5tly n[ & d n come to an end4 ,! unemploy$ 9 ,europe to-day are e/imat$ at sev]al million2 ^? :o beg _! way f city to city1 or ga!r 9 mobs to dem& '"w or bread' ) ?reats1 are e/imat$ at t5s ( ?\s&s4 ,great bran*es ( indu/ry are de/roy$2 great cities1 l ,%effield1 =sak54 ,ev]y?+ is at a /&/ill1 want & mis]y prevail ev]y:]e3 ! *ildr5 are pale1 ! wife has gr[n five ye>s old] 9 "o w9t]1 disease & dea? are rife among ! work+m5--& p talk ( ov]-production6#edh ,"o might reply t 9 peasant own]%ip ( l&1 at lea/1 private prop]ty has good effects4#edi ,b ! gold5 age is ov] = ! small f>m]4 ,to-day he h>dly kn[s h[ to make bo? ends meet4 ,he gets into debt1 becomes a victim ( ! cattle-deal]1 ! real-e/ate jobb]1 ! usur]2 notes & mortgages ru9 :ole villages1 ev5 m ?an ! frightful taxes impos$ by ,/ate & commune4 ,small proprietor%ip is 9 a desp]ate condition2 & ev5 if ! small f>m] is /ill own] 9 "n1 he is 9 fact no?+ m ?an a t5ant pay+ r5t to money-deal]s & usur]s4#eej ,b private prop]ty has /ill m sweep+ indirect effects4 ,s long z we h a ca/e ( idl]s :o h u fe$ !m "u ! pretext t !y mu/ lead u1 s long ^! idl]s w always be a focus ( pe/il5ce to g5]al morality4 ,he :o lives 8 life 9 dull laz9ess1 :o is always b5t m]ely on gett+ new pleasures1 :o by ! v basis ( 8 exi/5ce c "k no solid>ity1 & :o by 8 c\rse ( life cultivates ! vile/ self-seek+1--he w always pursue ! co>se/ s5sual pleasures & debase ev]y?+ ar\nd him4 ,) 8 bag full ( doll>s & 8 be/ial impulses he w g & di%onor wom5 & *ildr51 degrade art1 ! drama1 ! press1 sell 8 c\ntry & its def5d]s1 &1 because he is too c[>dly to murd] ) 8 own h&s1 w h 8 proxies murd] ! *oice/ ( 8 nation :51 "s day1 he is afraid = 8 d>l+ money-bag4#eea ,ye> by ye> ?\s&s ( *ildr5 gr[ up 9 ! physical & moral fil? ( our great cities1 among a population corrupt$ by ! /ruggle = daily bread1 & at ! same "t !y daily see ! immorality1 idl5ess1 prodigality1 & o/5tation ( :i* ^! same cities are full4#eeb ,?us society is incessantly br++ =? be+s :o are incapable ( an honorable & indu/ri\s life1 & :o are full ( anti-social feel+s4 ,x does homage to !m :5 success cr[ns _! crimes1 & s5ds !m to ! p5it5ti>y :5 !y are unlucky4#eec ,private prop]ty (f5ds aga9/ ju/ice4 ,! labor ( all has produc$ ! entire accumulat$ mass ( weal?1 t ( ! pres5t g5]ation z well z t ( all t w5t be=e4 ,! h\se 9 :i* we happ5 to be toge!r has value only by its be+ 9 ,p>is1 ?is glori\s city 9 :i* ! labor ( tw5ty g5]ations is pil$ lay] ^u lay]4 ,if x 7 remov$ to ! sn[-fields ( ,sib]ia1 x w\ld be wor? sub/antially no?+4 ,?is ma*9e1 inv5t$ & pat5t$ by y1 has 9 x ! labor ( five or six g5]ations2 x has a value only z a "p ( ! va/ :ole t we call n9ete5?-c5tury indu/ry4 ,take y\r lace-mak+ ma*9e to ! ,papuans 9 ,new ,gu9ea1 & x is valueless4#eed ,sci5ce & indu/ry2 !ory & practice2 ! inv5tion & ! putt+ ! inv5tion 9 op]ation1 :i* leads to new inv5tions aga92 head "w & h& "w1--all is connect$4 ,e discov]y1 e progress1 e increase 9 our weal?1 has its orig9 9 ! total bodily & m5tal activity ( ! pa/ & pres5t4 ,!n by :at "r c any "o appropriate to himself ! smalle/ fraction ( ?is va/ total & say '?is belongs to me & n to y'8#eee--;,b ?is unju/ appropriation ( :at belongs to all has nev]!less tak5 place4 ,among ! *anges ( "t a few h tak5 possession ( all t is made possible to man by ! production ( goods & ! increase ( 8 productive p[]4 ,to-day ! l&1 ?\gh x owes its value to ! ne$s ( a ceaselessly increas+ population1 belongs to a m9ority :i* c h9d] ! p f cultivat+ x1 & :i* does s--or at lea/ does n p]mit ! p to cultivate x 9 a mann] accordant ) mod]n ne$s4 ,! m9es1 :i* repres5t ! toil ( c5turies1 & ^: value is bas$ solely on ! ne$s ( indu/ry & ! necessities ( population1 belong likewise to a few1 & ^! few limit ! m9+ ( coal1 or entirely =bid x :5 !y f9d a bett] inve/m5t = _! money4 ,! ma*9es1 too1 are ! prop]ty ( a h&ful ( m52 &1 ev5 if a ma*9e has indubitably be5 br\ght to its pres5t p]fection by ?ree g5]ations ( work]s1 x nev]!less belongs to a few giv]s ( "w4 ,! roads1 :i* w\ld be scrap-iron b = ,europe's d5se population1 indu/ry1 trade1 & travel1 are 9 ! possession ( a few %>ehold]s :o p]haps d n ev5 "k ! location ( ! l9es f :i* !y draw pr9cely incomes4#eef #b4 ,mank9d w soon h pass$ ! /age ( evolution to :i* private prop]ty belongs4 ,private prop]ty is doom$4#eeg ,private prop]ty is a hi/oric =mation3 x has develop$ p>asitically amid/ ! free in/itutions ( our e>lie/ ance/ors1#eeh & ?is 9 ! close/ connection ) ! ,/ate4 ,! political con/itution ( a society is always ! expression1 & at ! same "t ! consecration1 ( its economic con/itution4#eei ,! orig9 ( ! ,/ate1 & its reason = exi/5ce1 lie 9 ! fact t x int]f]es 9 favor ( ! prop]ti$ & to ! disadvantage ( ! prop]tyless4#efj ,! omnipot5ce ( ! ,/ate con/itutes ! f\ndation ( ! /r5g? ( ! b\rgeoisie4#efa ,b private prop]ty is already on ! way to dissolution4 ,! economic *aos c la/ no long]4 ,! p are tir$ ( ! crises :i* ! gre$ ( ! rul+ classes provokes4 ,!y want to "w & live1 n fir/ drudge a few ye>s = scanty wages & !n become = _m ye>s victims ( want & objects ( *>ity4 ,! work+man sees ! incapacity ( ! rul+ classes3 he sees h[ unable !y are ei!r to und]/& 8 ef=ts or to manage ! production & ex*ange ( goods4#efb ,h5ce "o ( ! lead+ features ( our c5tury is ! gr[? ( ,socialism & ! rapid spread+ ( ,sociali/ views among ! work+ classes4#efc ,! mom5t :5 private prop]ty is to disappe> is ne>1 !re=e3 be x 9 a few ye>s1#efd be x at ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1#efe 9 any case x w come soon4#eff ,,ii4 ,9 mank9d's next /age ( evolution1 :i*1 z has be5 %[n1 mu/ soon be atta9$1 prop]ty w take su* =m t only prop]ty ( society %all exi/4 ,! next phase ( evolution1#efg high] =m ( social organization1#efh w inevitably#efi be n only ,an>*ism1 b ,an>*i/ic ,communism4#egj ,! t5d5cies t[>ds economical & political fre$om are two diff]5t manife/ations ( ! v same ne$ ( equality :i* con/itutes ! v ess5ce ( all /ruggles m5tion$ by hi/ory2#ega ^! two p[]ful curr5ts ( ?\ght *>act]ize our c5tury4#egb ,9 ?is way a com=table life w be gu>ante$ to e p]son :o co-op]ates 9 production to a c]ta9 ext5t4 #a4 ,mank9d's next /age ( evolution w no long] "k any b ! prop]ty ( society4 ,9 our c5tury ! ,communi/ t5d5cy is cont9ually reass]t+ itself4 ,! p5ny bridge disappe>s be=e ! public bridge2 & ! turnpike road be=e ! free road4 ,! same _s p]vades ?\s&s ( o!r in/itutions4 ,museums1 free libr>ies1 & free public s*ools2 p>ks & pleasure gr\nds2 pav$ & light$ /reets1 free = ev]ybody's use2 wat] suppli$ to private dwell+s1 ) a gr[+ t5d5cy t[>ds disreg>d+ ! exact am\nt ( x us$ by ! individual2 tramways & railways :i* h already begun to introduce ! season ticket or ! uni=m tax1 & w surely g mu* fur!r on ?is l9e :5 !y are no long] private prop]ty3 all ^! are tok5s %[+ 9 :at direction fur!r progress is to be expect$4#egc ,s w ! future society be ,communi/ic4 ,! fir/ act ( ! n9ete5?-c5tury commune w consi/ 9 lay+ h&s on ! entire capital accumulat$ 9 its bosom4#egd ,?is applies to ! mat]ials = consumption z well z to ^? = production4#ege ,p h tri$ to make a di/9ction betwe5 ! capital t s]ves = ! production ( goods & t :i* satisfies ! wants ( life1 & h said t ma*9es1 factories1 raw mat]ials1 ! means ( transportation1 & ! l& are de/9$ to become ! prop]ty ( ! community2 :ile dwell+s1 f9i%$ products1 clo?+1 & provisions w rema9 private prop]ty4 ,?is di/9ction is errone\s & impracticable4 ,! h\se t %elt]s u1 ! coal & gas t we burn1 ! nutrim5t t our body burns up1 ! clo?+ t cov]s u1 & ! book f :i* we draw in/ruction1 are all ess5tial to our exi/5ce & are j z necess>y = successful production & = ! fur!r developm5t ( mank9d z are ma*9es1 factories1 raw mat]ials1 & o!r factors ( production4 ,) private prop]ty 9 ! =m] goods1 !re w\ld /ill rema9 inequality1 oppression1 & exploitation2 a half-way abolition ( private prop]ty w\ld h its effectiv5ess crippl$ 9 advance4#egf ,!re is no fe> t ! ,communi/ic communes w isolate !mselves4#egg ,if to-day a great city trans=ms itself into a ,communi/ic commune1 & introduces community ( ! mat]ials = bo? "w & enjoym5t1 !n 9 a v few days1 if x is n %ut 9 by ho/ile armies1 tra9s ( wagons w appe> 9 its m>kets1 & raw mat]ials w arrive f di/ant ports2 & ! city's indu/rial products1 :5 once ! wants ( ! population are satisfi$1 w g to ! ends ( ! e>? seek+ pur*as]s2 ?rongs ( /rang]s w /ream 9 f ne> & f>1 & w aft]w>d tell at home ( ! m>vel\s life ( ! free city :]e ev]ybody works1 :]e !re are nei!r poor nor oppress$1 :]e e "o enjoys ! fruit ( 8 toil1 & no "o int]f]es ) ano!r's do+ s4#egh #b4 ,! ,communism ( ! future society w n be ! ,communism ( ! conv5t or ! b>rack1 su* z 0 =m]ly prea*$1 b a free ,communism :i* puts ! jo9t products at ! disposal ( all :ile leav+ to e "o ! lib]ty ( us+ !m at home4#egi ,to get an entirely cle> idea ( e detail ( x1 inde$1 is n z yet possible2 nev]!less we mu/ come to an agreem5t ab\t ! fundam5tal features at lea/4#ehj ,:at =m w production take8 ,t mu/ fir/ be produc$ :i* is requisite = ! satisfaction ( man's mo/ urg5t wants4#eha ,= ?is x suffices t all adults1 ) ! exception ( ^? wom5 :o are occupi$ ) ! education ( *ildr51 engage to d five h\rs a day1 f ! age ( tw5ty or tw5ty-two to ! age ( =ty-five or fifty1 ( any "o 7at _! option7 ( ! labors t are reg>d$ z necess>y4#ehb ,= in/ance1 a society w\ld ent] into ! foll[+ contract ) ea* ( its memb]s3 ',we w gu>antee to y ! enjoym5t ( our h\ses1 /ores ( goods1 /reets1 conveyances1 s*ools1 museums1 etc41 on condition t f y\r tw5tie? ye> to y\r =ty-fif? or fiftie? y apply five h\rs e day to "o ( ! labors necess>y to life4 ,e mom5t y w h y\r *oice ( ! gr\ps y w jo91 or y may f\nd a new "o provid$ t x proposes to d necess>y s]vice4 ,= ! re/ ( y\r "t y may associate y\rself ) :om y l = ! purpose ( sci5tific or arti/ic recreation at y\r pleasure4 ,we ask ( y1 !re=e1 no?+ b twelve or fifte5 hundr$ h\rs' "w annually 9 "o ( ! gr\ps :i* produce food1 clo?+1 & %elt]1 or :i* c>e = heal?1 transportation1 etc42 & 9 return we insure to y all t ^! gr\ps produce or h produc$'4#ehc ,!re w be "t en\gh1 !re=e1 to produce :at is requisite = ! satisfaction ( less urg5t wants4 ,:5 "o has done 9 ! field or ! factory ! "w t he is "u obligation to d = society1 he c devote ! o!r half ( 8 day1 8 week1 or 8 ye>1 to ! satisfaction ( arti/ic or sci5tific wants4#ehd ,! lov] ( music :o wi%es a piano w ent] ! association ( in/rum5t-mak]s2 he w devote "p ( 8 half-days1 & w soon possess ! long$-= piano4 ,or ! en?usia/ 9 a/ronomy w jo9 ! a/ronom]s' association ) its philosoph]s1 obs]v]s1 calculators1 & opticians1 its s*ol>s & amateurs2 & he w obta9 ! telescope he wi%es1 if only he d$icates "s "w to ! common cause--= !re is a deal ( r\gh "w necess>y = an obs]vatory1 masons' "w1 c>p5t]s' "w1 f\nd]s' "w1 ma*9i/s' "w--! f9al poli%1 to be sure1 c be giv5 to ! in/rum5t ( precision by none b ! arti/4 ,9 a ^w1 ! five to sev5 h\rs t e "o has left1 aft] he has fir/ devot$ "s h\rs to ! production ( ! necess>y1 are q suffici5t to r5d] possible = him e k9d ( luxury4#ehe ,! sep>ation ( agriculture f manufactures w pass away4 ,! factory workm5 w be at ! same "t field workm54#ehf ,z an em95tly p]iodic indu/ry1 :i* at c]ta9 times 7& ev5 m 9 ! mak+ ( improvem5ts ?an 9 h>ve/7 ne$s a l>ge additional =ce1 agriculture w =m ! l9k betwe5 village & city4#ehg ,& ! sep>ation ( m5tal f bodily labor w come to an end#ehh too4 ,poets & sci5ti/s w no long] f9d poor devils :o w sell _! en]gies to !m = a plate ( s\p2 !y w h to get toge!r & pr9t _! writ+s !mselves4 ,!n ! au?ors1 & _! admir]s ( bo? sexes1 w soon acquire ! art ( h&l+ ! type-case & compos+-/ick2 !y w le>n ! pleasure ( produc+ jo9tly1 ) _! own h&s1 a "w t !y value4#ehi ,e labor w be agreeable4#eij ,if !re is /ill "w :i* is really disagreeable 9 itself1 x is only because our sci5tific m5 h nev] c>$ to consid] ! means ( r5d]+ x less s3 !y h always kn[n t !re 7 pl5ty ( />v+ m5 :o w\ld d x = a few p5ce a day4#eia ,factories1 smelt]s1 m9es1 c be z sanit>y & z spl5did z ! be/ laboratories ( our univ]sities2 & ! m p]fectly !y are fitt$ up ! m !y w produce4#eib ,& ! product ( su* labor w be inf9itely bett]1 & consid]ably great]1 ?an ! mass ( goods hi!rto produc$ "u ! goad ( slav]y1 s]fdom1 & wage-slav]y4#eic ,h[ w di/ribution take place8 ,e "o :o contributes 8 "p to production w also h 8 %>e 9 ! product4 ,b x mu/ n be assum$ t ?is %>e 9 ! product w correspond to t %>e 9 ! production4 ,ea* accord+ to 8 p[]s2 to ea* accord+ to 8 wants4#eid ,ne$ w be put above s]vice2 x w be recogniz$ t e "o :o co-op]ates 9 production to a c]ta9 ext5t has 9 ! fir/ place ! "r to live1 & 9 ! second place ! "r to live com=tably4#eie ,e "o1 no matt] h[ /rong or weak1 h[ compet5t or incompet5t he may be1 w h ! "r to live1#eif & to h a com=table life2 he w fur!rmore h ! "r to decide = himself :at belongs to a com=table life4#eig ,society's /ock ( goods w q p]mit ?is4 ,if "o consid]s on ! "o h& ! rapidity ) :i* ! productive p[] ( civiliz$ nations is increas+1 & on ! o!r h& ! limits t are directly or indirectly set to its production by pres5t conditions1 "o comes to ! conclusion t ev5 a mod]ately s5sible economic con/itution w\ld p]mit ! civiliz$ nations to heap up 9 a few ye>s s _m useful ?+s t we %\ld h to cry out ',en\gh6 en\gh coal6 en\gh bread6 en\gh clo!s6 ,let u re/1 take recreation1 put our /r5g? to a bett] use1 sp5d our "t 9 a bett] way6'#eih ,h[ev]1 :at if ! /ock %\ld 9 fact n suffice = all wants8 ,! solution is--free tak+ ( ev]y?+ t exi/s 9 sup]fluity1 & rations ( t 9 :i* !re is a possibility ( de>?3 rations accord+ to ne$s1 ) pref]5ce to *ildr51 ! ag$1 & ! weak 9 g5]al4 ,t is :at is done ev5 n[ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,:at commune ?9ks ( limit+ ! use ( ! mead[s s long z !re are en\gh ( !m8 :at commune1 s long z !re are *e/nuts & bru%wood en\gh1 h9d]s ^? :o belong to x f tak+ z mu* z !y please8 ,& :at does ! peasant introduce :5 !re is a prospect t firewood w give out8 ,ration+4#eii #f4--,,realization ,! *ange t is promptly to be expect$ 9 ! c\rse ( mank9d's progress f a less happy exi/5ce to an exi/5ce z happy z possible1--! disappe>ance ( ! ,/ate1 ! trans=mation ( law & prop]ty1 & ! appe>ance ( ! new condition1--w be accompli%$1 accord+ to ,kropotk91 by a social revolution2 t is1 by a viol5t subv]sion ( ! old ord]1 :i* w come to pass ( itself1 b = :i* x is ! function ( ^? :o =esee ! c\rse ( evolution to prep>e m5's m9ds4 ,i4 ,we "k t we %all n rea* ! future condition )\t int5se p]turbations4#fjj ,t ju/ice may be victori\s1 & ! new ?\ghts become reality1 !re is ne$ ( a frightful /orm to sweep away all ?is rott5ness1 to vivify torpid s\ls ) its brea?1 & to re/ore self-sacrifice1 self-d5ial1 & h]oism to our s5ile1 decrepit1 crumbl+ society4#fja ,!re is ne$ ( social revolution3 t is1 ! p's tak+ possession ( society's total /ock ( goods1 & ! abolition ( all au?orities4#fjb ,! social revolution is at ! door1#fjc x /&s be=e u at ! end ( ?is c5tury1#fjd x w be "h 9 a few ye>s4#fje ,x is ! task :i* hi/ory sets = u1#fjf b :e!r we w or n1 x w be accompli%$ indep5d5tly ( our w4#fjg #a4 ,! social revolution w be no upris+ ( a few days3 we %all h to g ?r\gh a p]iod ( ?ree1 f\r1 or five ye>s ( revolution1 till ! trans=mation ( ! social & economic situation is complet$4#fjh ,dur+ ?is "t :at we h s[n to-day w be com+ up & be>+ fruit2 & he :o n[ is yet indiff]5t w become a conv9c$ adh]5t ( ! new doctr9e4#fji ,nor w ! social revolution be limit$ to a n>r[ area4 ,we mu/ n assume1 to be sure1 t x w break out 9 all ,europe at once4#faj ,g]many is ne>] ! revolution ?an p ?9k2#faa b :e!r x />t f ,france1 ,g]many1 ,spa91 or ,russia1 x w anyh[ be a ,european revolution 9 ! end4 ,x w spread z rapidly z t ( our pr$ecessors ! h]oes ( #ahdh1 & set ,europe afire4#fab #b4 ,! fir/ act ( ! social revolution w be a "w ( de/ruction4#fac ,! impulse to de/ruction1 :i* is s natural & ju/ifiable because x is at ! same "t an impulse to r5ovation1 w f9d its full satisfaction4 ,h[ mu* old tra% !re is to cle> away6 ,does n ev]y?+ h to be trans=m$1 ! h\ses1 ! cities1 ! bus9esses ( manufactur+ & f>m+1--9 %ort1 all ! arrangem5ts ( society8#fad ,ev]y?+ t x is necess>y to aboli% %\ld be de/roy$ )\t delay3 ! p5it5ti>ies & prisons1 ! =ts t ?reat5 cities1 ! slums ^: disease-lad5 air p h brea!d s long4#fae ,yet ! social revolution w n be a reign ( t]ror4 ,naturally ! fight w dem& victims4 ,"o c und]/& h[ x 0 t ! p ( ,p>is1 be=e !y hurri$ to ! fronti]s1 kill$ ! ari/ocrats 9 ! prisons1 :o _h plann$ ) ! enemy = ! annihilation ( ! revolution4 ,he :o w\ld blame ! p = ?is %\ld be ask$1 ',h y suff]$ ) !m & l !m8 if n1 blu% & be /ill4'#faf ,b yet ! p w nev]1 l ! k+s & cz>s1 exalt t]ror into a sy/em4 ,!y h sympa?y = ! victims2 !y are too good-he>t$ n to feel a spe$y repugnance at cruelty4 ,! public prosecutor1 ! corpse-c>t1 ! guillot9e1 spe$ily become repulsive4 ,aft] a little :ile x is recogniz$ t su* a reign ( t]ror is m]ely prep>+ ! way = a dictator%ip1 & ! guillot9e is aboli%$4#fag ,! gov]nm5t w be ov]?r[n fir/4 ,!re is no ne$ ( fe>+ its /r5g?4 ,gov]nm5ts only seem t]rible2 ! fir/ collision ) ! insurg5t p lays !m pro/rate2 _m h collaps$ 9 a few h\rs be=e n[4#fah ,! p rise1 & ! ,/ate ma*9e is already at a /&/ill2 ! (ficials are 9 confusion & "k n :at to d2 ! army has lo/ confid5ce 9 its lead]s4#fai ,b x _c /op ) ?is4 ,on ! day :5 ! p has swept away ! gov]nm5ts1 x w also1 )\t wait+ = any directions f above1 aboli% private prop]ty by =cible expropriation4#fbj ,! peasants w drive out ! great l&lords & decl>e _! e/ates common prop]ty2 !y w annul ! mortgages & proclaim g5]al release f debt2#fba & 9 ! cities ! p w seize on ! entire weal? accumulat$ !re1 turn out ! factory-own]s1 & und]take ! managem5t !mselves4#fbb ,! expropriation w be g5]al2 no?+ b an expropriation ( ! broade/ k9d c initiate ! re-%ap+ ( society--expropriation on a small scale w\ld appe> l ord9>y plund]4#fbc ,x w ext5d n only to ! mat]ials ( production1 b also to ^? ( consumption3 ! fir/ ?+ t ! p d aft] ! ov]?r[ ( ! gov]nm5ts w be to provide itself ) sanit>y dwell+s & ) suffici5t food & clo?+4#fbd--,yet expropriation w h its limits4#fbe ,suppose by p9*+1 a poor devil has got himself a h\se t w hold him & 8 family4 ,w he be ?r[n on ! /reet8 ,c]ta9ly n6 ,if ! h\se is j big en\gh = him & 8 family1 he %all keep x1 & he %all also cont9ue to "w ! g>d5 "u 8 w9d[4 ,our "y m5 w ev5 l5d him a h& 9 case ( ne$4 ,b1 if he has r5t$ a room to somebody else1 ! p w say to ?is "o1 ',y "k1 fri5d1 don't y1 t y no long] owe ! old fell[ any?+8 ,keep y\r room gratis2 y ne$ no long] fe> ! (fic] ( ! c\rt1 we h ! new society6#fbf ,expropriation w ext5d j to t :i* makes x possible = any "o to exploit ano!r's labor4#fbg #c4 ,! "w ( de/ruction w be foll[$ by a "w ( re-%ap+4#fbh ,mo/ p conceive ( revolution z ) a 'revolution>y gov]nm5t'#fbi--?is 9 two ways4 ,"s und]/& by ?is an elective gov]nm5t4 ,x is propos$ to summon ! p to elections1 to elect a gov]nm5t z quickly z possible1 & entru/ to x ! "w :i* ea* ( u ought to be do+ ( 8 own accord4#fcj ,b any gov]nm5t :i* an insurg5t p atta9s by elections mu/ necess>ily be a lead5 weight on its feet1 especially 9 s imm5se an economic1 political1 & moral reorganization z ! social revolution4#fca ,?is is p]ceiv$ by o!rs2 !re=e !y give up ! ?\ght ( a 'legal' gov]nm5t1 at lea/ = ! "t ( insurrection aga9/ all laws1 & prea* ! 'revolution>y dictator%ip4' ',! p>ty :i* has ov]?r[n ! gov]nm5t1' say !y1 'w =cibly put itself 9 ! gov]nm5t's place4 ,x w seize ! au?ority & adopt a revolution>y proc$ure4 ,= e "o :o does n recognize x--! guillot9e2 = e "o :o refuses ob$i5ce to x--! guillot9e likewise4' ,s talk ! little ,robespi]res4 ,b we ,an>*i/s "k t ?is ?\ght is no?+ b an un:olesome fruit ( gov]nm5t feti%ism1 & t any dictator%ip1 ev5 ! be/ dispos$1 is ! dea? ( ! revolution4#fcb ,we w d :at is ne$ful ourselves1 )\t wait+ = ! ord]s ( a gov]nm5t4#fcc ,if ! dissolution ( ! ,/ate is once />t$1 if once ! oppression-ma*9e beg9s to give out1 free associations w be =m$ q automatically4 ,j rememb] ! volunt>y comb9ations ( ! arm$ b\rgeoisie dur+ ! great ,revolution4 ,rememb] ! societies :i* 7 volunt>ily =m$ 9 ,spa91 & :i* def5d$ ! indep5d5ce ( ! c\ntry1 :5 ! ,/ate 0 %ak5 to its f\ndations by ,napoleon's armies4 ,z soon z ! ,/ate no long] compels any co-op]ation1 natural wants br+ ab\t a volunt>y co-op]ation q automatically4 ,if ! ,/ate be b ov]?r[n1 free society w rise up at once on its ru9s4#fcd ,! reorganization ( production w n be possible 9 a few days1#fce especially z ! revolution w presumably n break out 9 all ,europe at a "t4#fcf ,! p w consequ5tly h to take tempor>y measures to assure !mselves1 fir/ ( all1 ( food1 clo?+1 & %elt]4 ,fir/ ! populace ( ! insurg5t cities w take possession ( ! deal]s' /ocks ( food1 & ( ! gra9 w>eh\ses & ! slaught]-h\ses4 ,volunte]s make an inv5tory ( ! provisions f\nd1 & di/ribute pr9t$ tabul> /atem5ts by ! million4 ,h5ce=? free tak+ ( all t is pres5t 9 abundance2 rations ( :at has to be measur$ out1 ) pref]5ce to ! sick & ! weak2 a supply = defici5cies by importation f ! c\ntry 7:i* w come 9 pl5ty if we produce ?+s t ! f>m] ne$s & put !m at 8 disposal7 & also by ! inhabitants ( ! city ent]+ ^u ! cultivation ( ! royal p>ks & mead[s 9 ! vic9ity4#fcg ,! p w take possession ( ! dwell+-h\ses 9 l mann]4 ,aga9 volunte]s make li/s ( ! available dwell+s & di/ribute !m4 ,p come toge!r by /reets1 qu>t]s1 di/ricts1 & agree ab\t ! allotm5t ( ! dwell+s4 ,b ! evils t w at fir/ /ill h to be borne are soon to be done away3 ! artisans ( ! build+ trades ne$ only "w a few h\rs a day1 & soon ! ov]-spaci\s dwell+s t 7 on h& w be s5sibly alt]$1 & model h\ses1 entirely new1 w be built4#fch ,! same proc$ure w be foll[$ ) reg>d to clo?+4 ,! p take possession ( ! great clo?i]s' e/abli%m5ts1 & volunte]s li/ ! /ocks4 ,p take freely :at is on h& 9 abundance1 9 rations :at is limit$ 9 quantity4 ,:at is lack+ is suppli$ 9 ! %orte/ ( "t by ! factories ) _! p]fect$ ma*9es4#fci ,,ii4 ,to prep>e m5's m9ds#fdj = ! approa*+ revolution is ! task ( ^? :o =esee ! c\rse ( evolution4 ,?is is especially ! task ( ! secret societies & revolution>y organizations4#fda ,x is ! task ( ! ,an>*i/ p>ty4#fdb ,! ,an>*i/s are to-day z yet a m9ority1 b _! numb] is daily gr[+1 w gr[ m & m1 & w on ! eve ( ! revolution become a majority4#fdc ,:at a dismal sight ,france pres5t$ a few ye>s be=e ! great ,revolution1 & h[ weak 0 ! m9ority ( ^? :o ?\ght ( ! abolition ( royalty & feudalism2 b :at a *ange ?ree or f\r ye>s lat]6 ! m9ority _h begun ! revolution & _h c>ri$ ! masses ) x4#fdd--;,b h[ are m5's m9ds to be prep>$ = ! revolution8 #a4 ,fir/ & =emo/1 ! aim ( ! revolution is to be made g5]ally kn[n4 ,x is to be proclaim$ by ^w & de$ till x is ?or\ghly popul>iz$1 s t on ! day ( ! ris+ x is 9 ev]ybody's m\?4 ,?is task is great] & m s]i\s ?an is g5]ally assum$2 =1 if "s few d h ! aim cle>ly be=e _! eyes1 x is q o!rwise ) ! masses1 con/antly work$ ^u z !y are by ! b\rgeois press4#fde ,b ?is does n suffice4 ,! _s ( insurrection mu/ be ar\s$2 ! s5se ( indep5d5ce & ! wild boldness )\t :i* no revolution comes ab\t mu/ awake4#fdf ,betwe5 ! peaceable discussion ( evils & tumult1 insurrection1 lies a *asm--! same *asm t 9 ! great] "p ( mank9d sep>ates reflection f act1 ?\ght f w4#fdg #b4 ,! way to obta9 ^! two results is action--con/ant1 incessant action by m9orities4 ,c\rage1 devotion1 self-sacrifice are z contagi\s z c[>dice1 s]vility1 & appreh5sion4#fdh ,:at =ms is ! propag&a to take8 ,e =m t is prescrib$ by ! situation1 by opportunity1 & prop5sity4 ,x may be n[ s]i\s1 n[ jocul>2 b x mu/ always be bold4 ,x mu/ nev] leave a means unus$1 nev] leave a fact ( public life unobs]v$1 to keep m9ds al]t1 to give alim5t & expression to discont5t1 to /ir hate aga9/ exploit]s1 to make ! gov]nm5t ridicul\s1 & to demon/rate its impot5ce4 ,b above all1 to ar\se boldness & ! _s ( insurrection1 x mu/ cont9ually prea* by example4#fdi ,m5 ( c\rage1 will+ n only to speak b to act2 pure *>act]s :o pref] prison1 exile1 & dea? to a life t contradicts _! pr9ciples2 bold natures :o "k t 9 ord] to w9 "o mu/ d>e1--^! are ! advance-gu>d :o op5 ! fight long be=e ! masses are ripe to lift ! bann] ( insurrection op5ly & to seek _! rights arms 9 h&4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! compla9+1 talk+1 discuss+1 comes a mut9\s de$ by "o or m p]sons1 :i* inc>nates ! long+s ( all4#fej ,p]haps at fir/ ! masses rema9 indiff]5t & believe ! wise ones :o reg>d ! act z 'crazy'1 b soon !y are privately applaud+ ! crazy & imitat+ !m4 ,:ile ! fir/ ( !m are fill+ ! p5it5ti>ies1 o!rs are already cont9u+ _! "w4 ,! decl>ations ( w> aga9/ pres5t-day society1 ! mut9\s de$s1 ! acts ( rev5ge1 multiply4 ,g5]al att5tion is ar\s$2 ! new ?\ght makes its way into m5's heads & w9s _! he>ts4 ,a s+le de$ makes m propag&a 9 a few days ?an a ?\s& pamphlets4 ,! gov]nm5t def5ds itself1 x rages pitilessly2 b by ?is x only causes fur!r de$s to be committ$ by "o or m p]sons1 & drives ! insurg5ts to h]oism4 ,"o de$ br+s =? ano!r2 oppon5ts jo9 ! mut9y2 ! gov]nm5t splits into factions2 h>%ness int5sifies ! conflict2 concessions come too late2 ! revolution breaks out4#fea #c4 ,to make /ill cle>] ! means by :i* ! aim ( ! revolution is to be made g5]ally kn[n & ! _s ( insurrection is to be ar\s$1 ,kropotk9 tells "s ( ! hi/ory ( :at prec$$ ! ,revolution ( #aghi4 ,he tells h[ at t "t ?\s&s ( lampoons acqua9t$ ! p ) ! vices ( ! c\rt1 & h[ a multitude ( satirical songs flagellat$ cr[n$ heads & /irr$ hatr$ aga9/ ! nobility & cl]gy4 ,he sets be=e u h[ 9 plac>ds ! k+1 ! que51 ! f>m]s-g5]al1 7 ?reat5$1 revil$1 & je]$ at2 h[ enemies ( ! p 7 hang$ or burn$ or qu>t]$ 9 effigy4 ,he describes to u ! way 9 :i* ! insurrectioni/s got ! p us$ to ! /reets & taught !m to defy ! police1 ! milit>y1 ! cavalry4 ,we le>n h[ 9 ! villages secret organizations1 ! jacques1 set fire to ! b>ns ( ! "l ( ! manor1 de/roy$ 8 crops or 8 game1 murd]$ him himself1 ?reat5$ ! collection or paym5t ( r5t ) dea?4 ,he sets =? to u h[ !n1 "o day1 ! /oreh\ses 7 brok5 into1 ! tra9s ( wagons 7 /opp$ on ! highway1 ! toll-gates 7 burn$ & ! (ficials kill$1 ! tax-li/s & ! acc\nt-books & ! city ar*ives w5t up 9 flames1 & ! revolution broke out on all sides4#feb ,:at conclusions are to be drawn f ?is#fec ,kropotk9 does n ?9k x necess>y to expla94 ,he cont5ts himself ) *>act]iz+ z a preci\s in/ruction = u#fed ! facts :i* he reports4 ,,footnotes3 #dca ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #ii4 #dcb ,ib4 p4 #ajd4 #dcc ,kr4 ,temps n\veaux p4 #ci4 #dcd ,ib4 p4 #ci4 #dce ,ib4 pp4 #h1 #ci4 #dcf ,ib4 p4 #e4 #dcg ,kr4 ,an>*i/ ,communism p4 #d4 #dch ,kr4 ,/udies p4 #i4 #dci ,kr4 ,an>*i/ ,communism pp4 #h-i4 #ddj ,ib4 p4 #i4 #dda ,kr4 ,temps n\veaux p4 #ac4 #ddb ,ib4 p4 #ab4 #ddc ,ib4 p4 #g4 #ddd ,kr4 ,an>*i/ ,communism p4 #d4 #dde ,kr4 ,/udies p4 #bd4 #ddf ,kr4 ,an>*i/ ,communism p4 #g4 #ddg ,ib4 p4 #d4 #ddh ,ib4 p4 #g4 #ddi ,ib4 p4 #d4 #dej ,kr4 ,l',an>*ie dans l'evolution sociali/e p4 #bh4 #dea ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #ag4 #deb ,kr4 ,temps n\veaux p4 #ei4 #dec ,kr4 ,an>*i/ ,communism p4 #d4 #ded ,kr4 ,p>oles pp4 #bge-f4 #dee ,ib4 pp4 #bgg-h4 #def ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #ag4 #deg ,ib4 p4 #bge4 #deh ,kr4 ,/udies p4 #i4 #dei ,ib4 p4 #aj4 #dfj ,kr4 ,morale p4 #gd4 #dfa ,kr4 ,an>*i/ ,communism p4 #d4 #dfb ,kr4 ,morale pp4 #bd1 #ca4 #dfc ,ib4 p4 #cj4 #dfd ,kr4 ,morale pp4 #cj-ca4 #dfe ,ib4 p4 #da4 #dff ,ib4 p4 #db4 #dfg ,ib4 p4 #ch2 ,kr4 ,conquete p4 #bif4 #dfh ,kr4 ,p>oles pp4 #cdb1 #abi4 #dfi ,kr4 ,morale p4 #eg4 #dgj ,ib4 pp4 #fa-b4 #dga ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #bae4 ,9 ,eltzba*]'s g5]al discussions1 & 8 summ>ies ( ! diff]5t writ]s' views on law1 ! ^w translat$ law is ev]y:]e ,re*t1 ,fr5* droit1 ,lat9 jus1 law z a body ( rights & duties4 ,b 9 ! quotations f ,kropotk9 "u ! head+ ,law ! ^w is ev]y:]e 7) ! s+le exception ( ! phrase cu/om>y law7 ,gesetz1 ,fr5* loi1 ,lat9 lex1 a law z an enact$ =mula to describe m5's actions2 & ! same is ! ^w translat$ law 9 ,eltzba*]'s summ>ies "u ! head+ ,basis 9 ! diff]5t *apt]s4 #dgb ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #bad4 #dgc ,ib4 p4 #bbg4 #dgd ,ib4 p4 #bbg4 #dge ,ib4 p4 #bce4 #dgf ,ib4 p4 #bai4 #dgg ,ib4 p4 #bbf4 #dgh ,ib4 p4 #bcf4 #dgi ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #bci4 #dhj ,ib4 pp4 #bdj-db4 #dha ,ib4 p4 #bba4 #dhb ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #bbf4 #dhc ,ib4 pp4 #bah-ai4 #dhd ,kr4 ,morale p4 #gd4 #dhe ,kr4 ,p>oles pp4 #bfd-e4 #dhf ,ib4 p4 #bce2 ,kr4 ,l',an>*ie dans l'evolution sociali/e pp4 #bh-i4 #dhg ,kr4 ,p>oles pp4 #bbg1 #bce4 #dhh ,kr4 ,an>*i/ ,communism p4 #bi4 #dhi ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #bba4 #dij ,ib4 p4 #bba4 #dia ,kr4 ,conquete pp4 #bbi1 #aji4 #dib ,kr4 ,an>*i/ ,communism p4 #bd4 #dic ,kr4 ,conquete p4 #bjb4 #did ,kr4 ,/udies p4 #cj4 #die ,kr4 ,p>oles pp4 #aaj1 #acd-e1 ,conquete p4 #aji4 #dif ,kr4 ,conquete pp4 #afi1 #abh-i1 #bjc-e4 #dig ,kr4 ,p>oles pp4 #acf-g4 #dih ,kr4 ,conquete p4 #bbi4 #dii ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #ad4 #ejj ,kr4 ,p>oles pp4 #aa-ad4 #eja ,ib4 p4 #agb4 #ejb ,ib4 p4 #agc4 #ejc ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #age4 #ejd ,ib4 pp4 #aha-b4 #eje ,ib4 pp4 #ahc-d4 #ejf ,ib4 p4 #aij4 #ejg ,ib4 p4 #ai4 #ejh ,ib4 p4 #cc4 #eji ,kr4 ,p>oles pp4 #ce-i4 #eaj ,kr4 ,l',an>*ie dans l'evolution sociali/e p4 #cj4 #eaa ,kr4 ,an>*i/ ,communism p4 #g4 #eab ,kr4 ,temps n\veaux pp4 #di-ej4 #eac ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #aj4 #ead ,ib4 pp #i-aj4 #eae ,ib4 pp4 #bfd-e4 #eaf ,ib4 p4 #aci4 #eag ,ib4 p4 #bce2 ,kr4 ,l',an>*ie dans l'evolution sociali/e pp4 #bh-i4 #eah ,kr4 ,l',an>*ie dans l'evolution sociali/e p4 #cj4 #eai ,kr4 ,an>*i/ ,communism p4 #d4 #ebj ,ib4 p4 #g4 #eba ,kr4 ,l',an>*ie dans l'evolution sociali/e p4 #bf4 #ebb ,kr4 ,an>*i/ ,communism p4 #bc4 #ebc ,kr4 ,p>oles pp4 #aag-ah4 #ebd ,sic1 edition ( #ahia4 #ebe ,kr4 ,an>*i/ ,communism pp4 #be-g4 #ebf ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #aah4 #ebg ,kr4 ,conquete p4 #agd4 #ebh ,kr4 ,/udies p4 #be4 #ebi ,ib4 p4 #bf4 #ecj ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #aag4 #eca ,kr4 ,conquete pp4 #afi1 #bjc4 #ecb ,ib4 pp4 #ade1 #acf1 #abh-i4 #ecc ,ib4 pp4 #bjc-e4 #ecd ,kr4 ,an>*i/ ,communism pp4 #bi-cj1 ,conquete p4 #ahh4 #ece ,kr4 ,prisons p4 #di4 #ecf ,kr4 ,an>*i/ ,communism p4 #bd4 ,kropotk9 prefixes 8 own social habits &4 #ecg ,kr4 ,conquete p4 #bjb4 #ech ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #aci4 #eci ,ib4 p4 #aaa4 #edj ,ib4 p4 #age4 #eda ,kr4 ,prisons p4 #di4 #edb ,ib4 pp4 #eh-i4 #edc ,kr4 ,conquete pp4 #dd-e4 #edd ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #ajh4 #ede ,ib4 pp4 #aae-af4 #edf ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #aff4 #edg ,kr4 ,/udies p4 #cj4 #edh ,kr4 ,p>oles pp4 #e-f4 #edi ,ib4 pp4 #cbb-c4 #eej ,ib4 p4 #cbf4 #eea ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #bd4 #eeb ,kr4 ,prisons p4 #dg4 #eec ,ib4 p4 #di4 #eed ,kr4 ,l',an>*ie dans l'evolution sociali/e p4 #aj4 #eee ,kr4 ,conquete pp4 #h-i4 #eef ,kr4 ,conquete pp4 #i-aj4 #eeg ,kr4 ,l',an>*ie dans l'evolution sociali/e p4 #cj4 #eeh ,kr4 ,an>*i/ ,communism p4 #aa4 #eei ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #afi4 #efj ,kr4 ,temps n\veaux p4 #de4 #efa ,kr4 ,/udies p4 #ag4 #efb ,kr4 ,p>oles pp4 #g-h4 #efc ,kr4 ,an>*i/ ,communism p4 #d4 #efd ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #aci1 ,l',an>*ie--sa philosophie son ideal p4 #be4 #efe ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #bce1 ,l',an>*ie dans l'evolution sociali/e pp4 #bh-i4 #eff ,kr4 ,p>oles pp4 #bfd-e4 #efg ,kr4 ,an>*i/ ,communism p4 #d4 #efh ,ib4 p4 #g4 #efi ,kr4 ,l',an>*ie dans l'evolution sociali/e p4 #cj4 #egj ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #hh1 ,l',an>*ie dans l'evolution sociali/e p4 #cj4 #ega ,kr4 ,an>*i/ ,communism p4 #h4 #egb ,ib4 p4 #h4 #egc ,kr4 ,an>*i/ ,communism p4 #ba4 #egd ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #aaj4 #ege ,ib4 p4 #acg4 #egf ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #acf4 #egg ,ib4 p4 #aad4 #egh ,ib4 pp4 #aac-ad4 #egi ,kr4 ,l',an>*ie dans l'evolution sociali/e p4 #ab4 #ehj ,kr4 ,/udies p4 #be4 #eha ,kr4 ,conquete p4 #bci4 #ehb ,ib4 pp4 #abh-i4 #ehc ,ib4 pp4 #bjc-d4 #ehd ,kr4 ,conquete p4 #acf4 #ehe ,ib4 pp4 #aej-ea4 #ehf ,ib4 p4 #if4 #ehg ,kr4 ,p>oles pp4 #ccj-a4 #ehh ,kr4 ,conquete pp4 #aie-f4 #ehi ,kr4 ,conquete p4 #acg4 #eij ,ib4 p4 #aec4 #eia ,kr4 ,an>*i/ ,communism p4 #ca4 #eib ,kr4 ,conquete p4 #aef4 #eic ,ib4 p4 #aic4 #eid ,kr4 ,l',an>*ie dans l'evolution sociali/e p4 #ab4 #eie ,kr4 ,conquete p4 #bbi4 #eif ,ib4 p4 #bf4 #eig ,ib4 p4 #bh4 #eih ,ib4 p4 #bj4 #eii ,kr4 ,l',an>*ie dans l'evolution sociali/e p4 #ac4 #fjj ,ib4 p4 #bh4 #fja ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #bhj4 #fjb ,ib4 p4 #bfa4 #fjc ,kr4 ,conquete p4 #bb4 #fjd ,kr4 ,l',an>*ie dans l'evolution sociali/e p4 #bh4 ,! n9ete5? c5tury1 ( c\rse1 is meant4 #fje ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #aci4 #fjf ,kr4 ,siecle p4 #cb4 #fjg ,kr4 ,l',an>*ie dans l'evolution sociali/e p4 #bi4 #fjh ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #ij1 ,/udies p4 #bc4 #fji ,kr4 ,p>oles pp4 #ij-ia4 #faj ,kr4 ,conquete p4 #he4 #faa ,kr4 ,l',an>*ie4 ,sa philosophie--son ideal p4 #bf4 #fab ,kr4 ,l',an>*ie dans l'evolution sociali/e pp4 #bh-i4 #fac ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #bfc4 #fad ,ib4 p4 #cdb4 #fae ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #cdb4 #faf ,kr4 ,prisons p4 #eg4 #fag ,kr4 ,/udies p4 #af4 #fah ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #aff4 #fai ,ib4 p4 #bdf4 #fbj ,kr4 ,p>oles pp4 #acd-e4 #fba ,ib4 p4 #afg4 #fbb ,ib4 p4 #ace4 #fbc ,ib4 p4 #ccg4 #fbd ,kr4 ,conquete pp4 #fc4 #fbe ,ib4 p4 #ef4 #fbf ,ib4 p4 #aji4 #fbg ,kr4 ,conquete p4 #ef4 #fbh ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #bfc4 #fbi ,ib4 p4 #bdf4 #fcj ,ib4 pp4 #bdh-i4 #fca ,ib4 p4 #bec4 #fcb ,ib4 pp4 #bec-e4 #fcc ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #aci4 #fcd ,ib4 pp4 #aaf-ag4 #fce ,kr4 ,conquete p4 #ge4 #fcf ,ib4 p4 #he4 #fcg ,kr4 ,conquete pp4 #gf-if4 #fch ,ib4 pp4 #ajd-g4 #fci ,ib4 pp4 #aad-af4 #fdj ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #bfj4 #fda ,ib4 p4 #bfj4 #fdb ,ib4 pp4 #ii1 #bed2 ,kr4 ,temps n\veaux p4 #ed4 #fdc ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #ij4 #fdd ,kr4 ,p>oles pp4 #ib-e4 #fde ,ib4 p4 #cab4 #fdf ,ib4 p4 #bhe4 #fdg ,ib4 p4 #bhc4 #fdh ,ib4 p4 #bhd4 #fdi ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #bhd4 #fej ,ib4 p4 #bhe4 #fea ,kr4 ,p>oles pp4 #bhe-h4 #feb ,ib4 pp4 #bic-cjd4 #fec ,ib4 p4 #bib4 #fed ,kr4 ,p>oles p4 #cjd4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,tuck]',s ,,tea*+ #a4--;,,g5]al ,b5jam9 ,r4 ,tuck] 0 born 9 #ahed at ,s\? ,d>tm\?1 ne> ,new ,b$=d1 ,massa*usetts4 ,f #ahgj to #ahgb he /udi$ te*nology 9 ,bo/on2 !re he made ! acqua9tance ( ,josiah ,w>r5#fee 9 #ahgb4 ,9 #ahgd he travel$ 9 ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,italy4 ,9 #ahgg ,tuck] took ! tempor>y editor%ip ( ! ,^w1 publi%$ at ,pr9ceton1 ,massa*usetts4 ,9 #ahgh he publi%$ ! qu>t]ly ,! ,radical ,review 9 ,new ,b$=d2 b only f\r numb]s appe>$4 ,9 #ahha1 9 ,bo/on1 he f\nd$ ! semi-mon?ly pap] ,lib]ty1 ( :i* !re also appe>$ = a %ort "t a ,g]man edition "u ! title ,lib]tas2 9 ,bo/on1 also1 he 0 = t5 ye>s "o ( ! editorial /aff ( ! ,globe4 ,s9ce #ahib he has liv$ 9 ,new ,york1 & ,lib]ty has appe>$ !re z a weekly4#fef #b4 ,tuck]'s tea*+ ab\t law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty is conta9$ ma9ly 9 8 articles 9 ,lib]ty4 ,he has publi%$ a collection#feg ( ^! articles "u ! title ,in/ead ( a ,book4 ,by a ,man ,too ,busy to ,write ,"o4 ,a fragm5t>y exposition ( philosophical ,an>*ism 7#ahic74 ,illu/ration #c4 ,tuck] calls 8 tea*+ ,an>*ism4 ,circum/ances h comb9$ to make me some:at conspicu\s z an expon5t ( ! !ory ( ,mod]n ,an>*ism4#feh ,an>*y does n mean simply oppos$ to ! ar*os1 or political lead]4 ,x means oppos$ to ar*e4 ,n[1 ar*e1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 means beg9n+1 orig94 ,f ?is x comes to mean a fir/ pr9ciple1 an elem5t2 !n fir/ place1 supreme p[]1 sov]eignty1 dom9ion1 comm&1 au?ority2 & f9ally a sov]eignty1 an empire1 a realm1 a magi/racy1 a gov]nm5tal (fice4 ,etymologically1 !n1 ! ^w an>*y may h sev]al mean+s4 ,b ! ^w ,an>*y z a philosophical t]m & ! ^w ,an>*i/ z ! "n ( a philosophical sect 7 fir/ appropriat$ 9 ! s5se ( opposition to dom9ion1 to au?ority1 & are s held by "r ( occupancy1 :i* fact makes any o!r philosophical use ( !m improp] & confus+4#fei #b4--;,,basis ,tuck] consid]s t ! law :i* has supreme validity = e "o ( u is self-int]e/2 & f ?is he d]ives ! law ( equal lib]ty4 #a4 ,= e man self-int]e/ is ! supreme law4 ,! ,an>*i/s are n only utilit>ians1 b egoi/s 9 ! f>!/ & fulle/ s5se4#ffj ,:at does self-int]e/ mean8 ,my int]e/ is ev]y?+ t s]ves my purposes4#ffa ,x takes 9 n only ! l[e/ b also ! high] =ms ( selfi%ness4#ffb ,?us1 9 p>ticul>1 ! int]e/ ( society is at ! same "t t ( e individual3 its life is insep>able f ! lives ( individuals2 x is impossible to de/roy "o )\t de/roy+ ! o!r4#ffc ,self-int]e/ is ! supreme law = man4 ,! ,an>*i/s totally disc>d ! idea ( moral obligation1 ( inh]5t rights & duties4#ffd ,s f> z inh]5t "r is conc]n$1 might is its only measure4 ,any man1 be 8 "n ,bill ,sykes or ,alex&] ,roman(f1 & any set ( m51 :e!r ! ,*9ese highb9d]s or ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 h ! "r1 if !y h ! p[]1 to kill or co]ce o!r m5 & to make ! entire _w subs]vi5t to _! ends4#ffe ,! ,an>*ism ( to-day affirms ! "r ( society to co]ce ! individual & ( ! individual to co]ce society s f> z ei!r has ! requisite p[]4#fff #b4 ,f ?is supreme law ,tuck] d]ives ! law ( equal lib]ty4#ffg ,! law ( equal lib]ty is bas$ on e individual's self-int]e/4 ,= lib]ty is ! *ief ess5tial to man's happ9ess1 & !re=e ! mo/ important ?+ 9 ! _w1 & ,i want z mu* ( x z ,i c get4#ffh ,on ! o!r h&1 human equality is a necessity ( /able society1#ffi & ! life ( society is insep>able f ! lives ( individuals4#fgj ,consequ5tly e individual's self-int]e/ dem&s ! equal lib]ty ( all4 ,equal lib]ty means ! l>ge/ am\nt ( lib]ty compatible ) equality & mutuality ( respect1 on ! "p ( individuals liv+ 9 society1 = _! respective sph]es ( action4#fga ',m9d y\r own bus9ess' is ! only moral law ( ! ,an>*i/ic s*eme4#fgb ,x is our duty to respect o!rs' rights1 assum+ ! ^w '"r' to be us$ 9 ! s5se ( ! limit :i* ! pr9ciple ( equal lib]ty logically places ^u might4#fgc--,on ! law ( equal lib]ty is f\nd$ ! di/9ction betwe5 invasion & resi/ance1 betwe5 gov]nm5t & def5ce4 ,?is di/9ction is vital3 )\t x !re c be no valid philosophy ( politics4#fgd ,by 'invasion' ,i mean ! invasion ( ! individual sph]e1 :i* is b\nd$ by ! l9e inside ( :i* lib]ty ( action does n conflict ) o!rs' lib]ty ( action4#fge ,?is b\nd>y-l9e is 9 "p unmi/akable2 = in/ance1 a ?reat is n an invasion if ! ?reat5$ act is n an invasion1 a man has a "r to ?reat5 :at he has a "r to execute4#fgf ,b ! b\nd>y-l9e may also be dubi\s2 = in/ance1 we _c cle>ly id5tify ! maltreatm5t ( *ild by p>5t z ei!r invasive or non-invasive ( ! lib]ty ( ?ird p>ties4#fgg ,additional exp]i5ce is cont9ually %>p5+ our s5se ( :at con/itutes invasion4 ,?\gh we /ill draw ! l9e by rule ( ?umb1 we are draw+ x m cle>ly e day4#fgh ,! nature ( su* invasion is n *ang$1 :e!r x is made by "o man ^u ano!r man1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ord9>y crim9al1 or by "o man ^u all o!r m51 aft] ! mann] ( an absolute mon>*1 or by all o!r m5 ^u "o man1 aft] ! mann] ( a mod]n democracy4#fgi ,on ! o!r h&1 he :o resi/s ano!r's attempt to control is n an aggressor1 an invad]1 a gov]nor1 b simply a def5d]1 a protector4#fhj ,! individual has ! "r to repel invasion ( 8 sph]e ( action4#fha ,an>*ism ju/ifies ! application ( =ce to invasive m51#fhb viol5ce is advisable :5 x w accompli% ! desir$ end & inadvisable :5 x w n4#fhc ,& def5sive associations act+ on ! ,an>*i/ic pr9ciple w\ld n only dem& r$ress =1 b w\ld prohibit1 all cle>ly invasive acts4 ,!y w\ld n1 h[ev]1 prohibit non-invasive acts1 ev5 ?\gh ^! acts create additional opportunity = invasive p]sons to act invasively3 = in/ance1 ! sell+ ( liquor4#fhd ,& ! nature ( su* resi/ance is n *ang$ :e!r x be (f]$ by "o man to ano!r man1 z :5 "o repels a crim9al's onslaught1 or by "o man to all o!r m51 z :5 "o decl9es to obey an oppressive law1 or by all o!r m5 to "o man1 z :5 a subject p rises aga9/ a despot1 or z :5 ! memb]s ( a community volunt>ily unite to re/ra9 a crim9al4#fhe #c4--,,law ,accord+ to ,tuck]1 f ! /&po9t ( e "o's self-int]e/ & ! equal lib]ty ( all !re is no objection to law4 ,legal norms are to obta93 t is1 norms t are bas$ on a g5]al w#fhf & to :i* ob$i5ce is en=c$1 if necess>y1 by e means1#fhg ev5 by prison1 torture1 & capital puni%m5t4#fhh ,b ! law is to be s flexible t x w %ape itself to e em]g5cy & ne$ no alt]ation4 ,& x w !n be reg>d$ z j 9 proportion to its flexibility1 in/ead ( z n[ 9 proportion to its rigidity4#fhi ,! means to ?is end is t juries w judge n only ! facts1 b ! law2#fij ma*9]y = alt]+ ! law is !n unnecess>y4#fia--;,9 p>ticul>1 !re are to be recogniz$ ! foll[+ legal norms1 ^: correctness ,tuck] tries to d$uce f ! law ( equal lib]ty3 ,fir/1 a legal norm by :i* ! p]son is secur$ aga9/ hurt4 ,we are ! /]ne/ enemies ( invasion ( ! p]son1 &1 al?\gh *iefly busy 9 de/roy+ ! causes !re(1 h no scruples aga9/ su* h]oic treatm5t ( its imm$iate manife/ations z circum/ances & wisdom may dictate4#fib ,capital puni%m5t is q compatible ) ! protection ( ! p]son aga9/ hurt1 = its ess5ce is n t ( an act ( hurt+1 b ( an act ( def5ce4#fic ,next1 !re is to be recogniz$ a legal norm by virtue ( :i* own]%ip on a basis ( labor#fid exi/s4 ,?is =m ( prop]ty secures ea* 9 ! possession ( 8 own products1 or ( su* products ( o!rs z he may h obta9$ unconditionally )\t ! use ( fraud or =ce4#fie ,x w be se5 f ?is def9ition t ,an>*i/ic prop]ty conc]ns only products4 ,b any?+ is a product ^u :i* human labor has be5 exp5d$4 ,x %\ld be /at$1 h[ev]1 t 9 ! case ( l&1 or ( any o!r mat]ial ! supply ( :i* is s limit$ t all _c hold x 9 unlimit$ quantities1 ,an>*ism und]takes to protect no titles except su* z are bas$ on actual occupancy & use4#fif ,aga9/ injury to prop]ty1 z well z aga9/ injury to ! p]son1 ,an>*ism has no scruples aga9/ su* h]oic treatm5t z circum/ances & wisdom may dictate4#fig ,fur!rmore1 !re is to be recogniz$ ! legal norm t contracts mu/ be liv$ up to4 ,obligation comes into exi/5ce :5 obligations are consci\sly & volunt>ily assum$2#fih & ! o!r p>ty ?us acquires a "r4#fii ,to be sure1 ! obligatory =ce ( contract is n )\t b\nds4 ,contract is a v s]viceable & mo/ important tool1 b its usefulness has its limits2 no man c employ x = ! abdication ( 8 manhood2#gjj !re=e ! con/itut+ ( an association 9 :i* ea* memb] waives ! "r ( secession w\ld be a m]e =m4#gja ,fur!rmore1 no "o c employ x = ! invasion ( ?ird p>ties2 !re=e a promise ^: fulfilm5t w\ld invade ?ird p>ties#gjb w\ld be invalid4--,i deem ! keep+ ( promises su* an important matt] t only 9 ! extreme/ cases w\ld ,i approve _! violation4 ,x is ( su* vital consequ5ce t associates %\ld be able to rely ^u ea* o!r t x is bett] nev] to d any?+ to weak5 ?is confid5ce except :5 x c be ma9ta9$ only at ! exp5se ( "s consid]ation ( ev5 great] importance4#gjc ,! man :o has receiv$ a promise is defraud$ by its non-fulfilm5t1 invad$1 depriv$ ( a portion ( 8 lib]ty aga9/ 8 w4#gjd ,i h no d\bt ( ! "r ( any man to :om1 = a consid]ation1 a promise has be5 made1 to insi/1 ev5 by =ce1 ^u ! fulfilm5t ( t promise1 provid$ ! promise be n "o ^: fulfilm5t w\ld invade ?ird p>ties4 ,&1 if ! promisee has a "r to use =ce himself = su* a purpose1 he has a "r to secure su* co-op]ative =ce f o!rs z !y are will+ to ext5d4 ,^! o!rs1 9 turn1 h a "r to decide :at sort ( promises1 if any1 !y w help him to en=ce4 ,:5 x comes to ! det]m9ation ( ?is po9t1 ! "q is "o ( policy solely2 & v likely x w be f\nd t ! be/ way to secure ! fulfilm5t ( promises is to h x und]/ood 9 advance t ! fulfilm5t is n to be en=c$4#gje #d4--,,! ,,/ate ,i4 ,) reg>d to e man's self-int]e/1 especially on ! basis ( ! law ( equal lib]ty1 ,tuck] rejects ! ,/ate2 & t univ]sally1 n m]ely = special circum/ances det]m9$ by place & "t4 ,= ! ,/ate is ! embodim5t ( ! pr9ciple ( invasion4#gjf #a4 ,two elem5ts are common to all ! in/itutions to :i* ! "n ',/ate' has be5 appli$3 fir/1 aggression4#gjg ,aggression1 invasion1 gov]nm5t1 are int]conv]tible t]ms4#gjh ,?is is ! ,an>*i/ic def9ition ( gov]nm5t3 ! subjection ( ! non-invasive individual to an ext]nal w4#gji ,& second1 ! assumption ( au?ority ov] a giv5 area & all )9 x1 ex]cis$ g5]ally = ! d\ble purpose ( m complete oppression ( its subjects & ext5sion ( its b\nd>ies4#gaj ,!re=e ?is is ! ,an>*i/ic def9ition ( ! ,/ate3 ! embodim5t ( ! pr9ciple ( invasion 9 an individual1 or a b& ( individuals1 assum+ to act z repres5tatives or ma/]s ( ! entire p )9 a giv5 area4#gaa ,rule is evil1 & x is none ! bett] = be+ majority rule4#gab ,! !ocratic despotism ( k+s or ! democratic despotism ( majorities#gac are alike condemnable4 ,:at is ! ballot8 ,x is nei!r m nor less ?an a pap] repres5tative ( ! bayonet1 ! billy1 & ! bullet4 ,x is a labor-sav+ device = asc]ta9+ on :i* side =ce lies & b[+ to ! inevitable4 ,! voice ( ! majority saves blood%$1 b x is no less ! arbitram5t ( =ce ?an is ! decree ( ! mo/ absolute ( despots back$ by ! mo/ p[]ful ( armies4#gad #b4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 all ! acts ( gov]nm5ts are indirectly invasive1 because dep5d5t ^u ! prim>y invasion call$ taxation4#gae ,! v fir/ act ( ! ,/ate1 ! compulsory assessm5t & collection ( taxes1 is itself an aggression1 a violation ( equal lib]ty1 &1 z su*1 vitiates e subsequ5t act1 ev5 ^? acts :i* w\ld be purely def5sive if paid = out ( a treasury fill$ by volunt>y contributions4 ,h[ is x possible to sanction1 "u ! law ( equal lib]ty1 ! confiscation ( a man's e>n+s to pay = protection :i* he has n s\ght & does n desire8#gaf ,&1 if ?is is an outrage1 :at "n %all we give to su* confiscation :5 ! victim is giv51 in/ead ( bread1 a /one1 in/ead ( protection1 oppression8 ,to =ce a man to pay = ! violation ( 8 own lib]ty is inde$ an addition ( insult to injury4 ,b t is exactly :at ! ,/ate is do+4#gag ,= 9 ! second place1 by f> ! great] numb] ( _! acts are directly invasive1 because direct$1 n to ! re/ra9t ( invad]s1 b to ! d5ial ( fre$om to ! p 9 _! indu/rial1 comm]cial1 social1 dome/ic1 & individual lives4#gah ,h[ ?\ghtless1 !n1 to ass]t t ! exi/+ political ord] is ( a purely def5sive "*6#gai ,def5ce is a s]vice1 l any o!r s]vice4 ,x is labor bo? useful & desir$1 & !re=e an economic commodity subject to ! law ( supply & dem&4 ,9 a free m>ket ?is commodity w\ld be furni%$ at ! co/ ( production4 ,! production & sale ( ?is commodity are n[ monopoliz$ by ! ,/ate4 ,! ,/ate1 l almo/ all monopoli/s1 *>ges exorbitant prices4 ,l almo/ all monopoli/s1 x supplies a wor?less1 or ne>ly wor?less1 article4 ,j z ! monopoli/ ( a food product (t5 furni%es poison in/ead ( nutrim5t1 s ! ,/ate takes advantage ( its monopoly ( def5ce to furni% invasion in/ead ( protection4 ,j z ! patrons ( ! "o pay to be poison$1 s ! patrons ( ! o!r pay to be enslav$4 ,& ! ,/ate exce$s all its fell[-monopoli/s 9 ! ext5t ( its villany because x enjoys ! unique privilege ( compell+ all p to buy its product :e!r !y want x or n4#gbj #c4 ,x _c be alleg$ 9 favor ( ! ,/ate t x is necess>y z a means = combat+ crime4#gba ,! ,/ate is itself ! mo/ gigantic crim9al extant4 ,x manufactures crim9als mu* fa/] ?an x puni%es !m4#gbb ,our prisons are fill$ ) crim9als :i* our virtu\s ,/ate has made :at !y are by its iniquit\s laws1 its gr9d+ monopolies1 & ! horrible social conditions t result f !m4 ,we enact _m laws t manufacture crim9als1 & !n a few t puni% !m4#gbc ,no m c ! ,/ate be def5d$ on ! gr\nd t x is want$ = ! relief ( suff]+4 ,! ,/ate is r5d]+ assi/ance to ! suff]+ & />v+ victims ( ! ,mississippi inundation4 ,well1 su* "w is bett] ?an =g+ new *a9s to keep ! p 9 subjection1 we all[2 b is n wor? ! price t is paid = x4 ,! p _c af=d to be enslav$ = ! sake ( be+ insur$4 ,if !re 7 no o!r alt]native1 !y w\ld d bett]1 on ! :ole1 to take ,nature's risks & pay h] p5alties z be/ !y might4 ,b ,lib]ty supplies ano!r alt]native1 & furni%es bett] insurance at *eap] rates4 ,mutual insurance1 by ! organization ( risk1 w d ! utmo/ t c be done to mitigate & equalize ! suff]+ aris+ f ! accid5tal de/ruction ( weal?4#gbd ,,ii4 ,e man's self-int]e/1 & equal lib]ty p>ticul>ly1 dem&s1 9 place ( ! ,/ate1 a social human life on ! basis ( ! legal norm t contracts mu/ be liv$ up to4 ,! volunt>y association ( contract+ individuals#gbe is to take ! place ( ! ,/ate4 #a4 ,! ,an>*i/s h no int5tion or desire to aboli% society4 ,!y "k t its life is insep>able f ! lives ( individuals2 t x is impossible to de/roy "o )\t de/roy+ ! o!r4#gbf ,society has come to be man's de>e/ possession4 ,pure air is good1 b no "o wants to brea! x long alone4 ,indep5d5ce is good1 b isolation is too heavy a price to pay = x4#gbg ,b m5 are n to be held toge!r 9 society by a concrete supreme au?ority1 b solely by ! legally b9d+ =ce ( contract4#gbh ,! =m ( society is to be volunt>y association1#gbi ^: con/itution#gcj is no?+ b a contract4 #b4 ,b :at is to be ! nature ( ! volunt>y association 9 detail8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x _c b9d its memb]s = life4 ,! con/itut+ ( an association 9 :i* ea* memb] waives ! "r ( secession w\ld be a m]e =m1 :i* e dec5t man :o 0 a p>ty to x w\ld ha/5 to violate & tread "u foot z soon z he appreciat$ ! enormity ( 8 folly4 ,to indef9itely waive "o's "r ( secession is to make "o's self a slave4 ,n[1 no man c make himself s mu* a slave z to =feit ! "r to issue 8 own emancipation proclamation4#gca ,9 ! next place1 ! volunt>y association1 z su*1 c h no dom9ion ov] a t]ritory4 ,c]ta9ly su* volunt>y association w\ld be entitl$ to en=ce :atev] regulations ! contract+ p>ties might agree ^u )9 ! limits ( :atev] t]ritory1 or divisions ( t]ritory1 _h be5 br\ght into ! association by ^! p>ties z individual occupi]s !re(1 & no non-contract+ p>ty w\ld h a "r to ent] or rema9 9 ?is doma9 except ^u su* t]ms z ! association might impose4 ,b if1 some:]e betwe5 ^! divisions ( t]ritory1 _h liv$1 prior to ! =mation ( ! association1 "s individual on 8 home/ead1 :o = any reason1 wise or fooli%1 _h decl9$ to jo9 9 =m+ ! association1 ! contract+ p>ties w\ld h _h no "r to evict him1 compel him to jo91 make him pay = any incid5tal b5efits t he might d]ive f proximity to _! association1 or re/rict him 9 ! ex]cise ( any previ\sly-enjoy$ "r to prev5t him f reap+ ^! b5efits4 ,n[1 volunt>y association necess>ily involv+ ! "r ( secession1 any sec$+ memb] w\ld naturally fall back into ! position & ^u ! rights ( ! individual above describ$1 :o refus$ to jo9 at all4 ,s mu*1 !n1 = ! attitude ( ! individual t[>d any volunt>y association surr\nd+ him1 8 support !re( evid5tly dep5d+ ^u 8 approval or disapproval ( its objects1 8 view ( its effici5cy 9 atta9+ !m1 & 8 e/imate ( ! advantages & disadvantages involv$ 9 jo9+1 sec$+1 or ab/a9+4#gcb ,= ! memb]s ( ! volunt>y association num]\s obligations arise f _! memb]%ip4 ,! association may require1 z a condition ( memb]%ip1 ! agreem5t to p]=m c]ta9 s]vices1--= in/ance1 jury s]vice4#gcc ,& inasmu* z ,an>*i/ic associations recognize ! "r ( secession1 !y may utilize ! ballot1 if !y see fit to d s4 ,if ! "q decid$ by ballot is s vital t ! m9ority ?9ks x m important to c>ry out its own views ?an to pres]ve common action1 ! m9ority c )draw4 ,9 no case c a m9ority1 h[ev] small1 be gov]n$ )\t its cons5t4#gcd ,! volunt>y association is entitl$ to compel its memb]s to live up to _! obligations4 ,if a man makes an agreem5t ) m51 ! latt] may comb9e to hold him to 8 agreem5t2#gce !re=e a volunt>y association is entitl$ to en=ce :atev] regulations ! contract+ p>ties may agree ^u4#gcf ,to be sure1 "o mu/ be> 9 m9d t v likely ! be/ way to secure ! fulfilm5t ( promises is to h x und]/ood 9 advance t ! fulfilm5t is n to be en=c$4#gcg ,( especial importance among ! obligations ( ! memb]s ( a volunt>y association is ! duty ( pay+ taxes2 b ! tax is volunt>y by virtue ( ! fact t x is bas$ on contract4#gch ,volunt>y taxation1 f> f impair+ ! association's cr$it1 w\ld /r5g!n x2#gci =1 9 ! fir/ place1 because ( ! simplicity ( its functions1 ! association seldom or nev] has to borr[2 9 ! second place1 x _c1 l ! pres5t ,/ate ^u its basis ( compulsory taxation1 repudiate its debts & /ill cont9ue bus9ess2 &1 9 ! ?ird place1 x w necess>ily be m int5t on ma9ta9+ its cr$it by pay+ its debts ?an is ! ,/ate :i* en=ces taxation4#gdj ,& fur!rmore1 ! volunt>9ess ( ! tax has ?is advantage1 t ! def5sive in/itution w be /eadily det]r$ f becom+ an invasive in/itution ?r\gh fe> t ! volunt>y contributions w fall (f2 x w h ?is con/ant motive to keep itself trimm$ d[n to ! popul> dem&4#gda ,irel&'s true ord]3 ! wond]ful ,l& ,league1 ! ne>e/ approa*1 on a l>ge scale1 to p]fect ,an>*i/ic organization t ! _w has yet se54 ,an imm5se numb] ( local gr\ps1 scatt]$ ov] l>ge sections ( two cont95ts sep>at$ by ?ree ?\s& miles ( ocean2 ea* gr\p autonom\s1 ea* free2 ea* compos$ ( v>y+ numb]s ( individuals ( all ages1 sexes1 races1 equally autonom\s & free2 ea* inspir$ by a common1 c5tral purpose2 ea* support$ entirely by volunt>y contributions2 ea* obey+ its own judgm5t2 ea* guid$ 9 ! =mation ( its judgm5t & ! *oice ( its conduct by ! advice ( a c5tral c\ncil ( pick$ m51 hav+ no p[] to en=ce its ord]s except t inh]5t 9 ! conv9c+ logic ( ! reasons on :i* ! ord]s are bas$2 all co-ord9at$ & f$]at$1 ) a m9imum ( ma*9]y & )\t sacrifice ( spontaneity1 into a va/ work+ unit1 ^: unp>allel$ p[] makes tyrants tremble & armies ( no avail4#gdb #c4 ,among ! prom95t associations ( ! new society are mutual insurance societies & mutual banks1#gdc &1 especially1 def5sive associations4 ,! abolition ( ! ,/ate w leave 9 exi/5ce a def5sive association#gdd :i* w give protection aga9/ ^? :o violate ! social law by invad+ _! neighbors4#gde ,to be sure1 ?is ne$ w be only transitory4 ,we look =w>d to ! ultimate disappe>ance ( ! necessity ( =ce ev5 = ! purpose ( repress+ crime4#gdf ,! necessity = def5ce aga9/ individual invad]s is l>gely & p]haps1 9 ! end1 :olly due to ! oppressions ( ! invasive ,/ate4 ,:5 ! ,/ate falls1 crim9als w beg9 to disappe>4#gdg ,a numb] ( def5sive associations may exi/ side by side4 ,!re are _m m ?an five or six insurance companies 9 ,engl&1 & x is by no means uncommon = memb]s ( ! same family to insure _! lives & goods aga9/ accid5t or fire 9 diff]5t companies4 ,:y %\ld !re n be a consid]able numb] ( def5sive associations 9 ,engl&1 9 :i* p1 ev5 memb]s ( ! same family1 might insure _! lives & goods aga9/ murd]]s or ?ieves8 ,def5ce is a s]vice1 l any o!r s]vice4#gdh ,"u ! influ5ce ( competition ! be/ & *eape/ protector1 l ! be/ & *eape/ tailor1 w\ld d\btless get ! great] "p ( ! bus9ess4 ,x is conceivable ev5 t he might get ! :ole ( x4 ,b1 if he %\ld1 x w\ld be by 8 virtue z a protector1 n by 8 p[] z a tyrant4 ,he w\ld be kept at 8 be/ by ! possibility ( competition & ! fe> ( x2 & ! s\rce ( p[] w\ld always rema91 n ) him1 b ) 8 patrons1 :o w\ld ex]cise x1 n by vot+ him d[n or by =cibly putt+ ano!r 9 8 place1 b by )draw+ _! patronage4#gdi ,b1 if invad] & invad$ belong to diff]5t def5sive associations1 w n a conflict ( associations result8 ,anticipations ( su* conflicts w\ld probably result 9 treaties1 & ev5 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( f$]al tribunals1 z c\rts ( la/ resort1 by ! co-op]ation ( ! v>i\s associations1 on ! same volunt>y pr9ciple 9 accordance ) :i* ! associations !mselves 7 organiz$4#gej ,volunt>y def5sive associations act+ on ! ,an>*i/ic pr9ciple w\ld n only dem& r$ress =1 b w\ld prohibit1 all cle>ly invasive acts4#gea ,to fulfil ?is function !y may *oose any appropriate means1 )\t !reby ex]cis+ a gov]nm5t4 ,gov]nm5t is ! subjection ( ! non-invasive individual to a w n 8 own4 ,! subjection ( ! invasive individual is n gov]nm5t1 b resi/ance to & protection f gov]nm5t4#geb--;,an>*ism recognizes ! "r to arre/1 try1 convict1 & puni% = wrong do+4#gec ,an>*ism w take en\gh ( ! invad]'s prop]ty f him to repair ! damage done by 8 invasion4#ged ,if x c f9d no bett] in/rum5t ( resi/ance to invasion1 ,an>*ism w use prisons4#gee ,x admits ev5 capital puni%m5t4 ,! society :i* inflicts capital puni%m5t does n commit murd]4 ,murd] is an (f5sive act4 ,! t]m _c be appli$ legitimately to any def5sive act4 ,!re is no?+ sacr$ 9 ! life ( an invad]1 & !re is no valid pr9ciple ( human society t =bids ! invad$ to protect !mselves 9 :atev] way !y c4#gef ,x is all[able to puni% invad]s by torture4 ,b1 if ! 'good' p are n fi5ds1 !y are n likely to def5d !mselves by torture until ! p5alties ( dea? & tol]able conf9em5t h %[n !mselves de/itute ( efficacy4#geg--;,all disputes w be submitt$ to juries4#geh ,speak+ = myself1 ,i ?9k ! jury %\ld be select$ by draw+ twelve names by lot f a :eel conta9+ ! names ( all ! citiz5s 9 ! community4#gei ,! juries w judge n only ! facts1 b ! law1 ! ju/ice ( ! law1 its applicability to ! giv5 circum/ances1 & ! p5alty or damage to be inflict$ because ( its infraction4#gfj #e4--,,prop]ty ,i4 ,accord+ to ,tuck]1 f ! /&po9t ( e "o's self-int]e/ & ! equal lib]ty ( all !re is no objection to prop]ty4 ,tuck] rejects only ! di/ribution ( prop]ty on ! basis ( monopoly1 z x ev]y:]e & always exi/s 9 ! ,/ate4 ,t ! ,/ate is ess5tially invasion appe>s 9 ! laws :i* n only prescribe p]sonal habits1 b1 worse /ill1 create & su/a9 monopolies#gfa & !reby make usury possible4#gfb #a4 ,usury is ! tak+ ( surplus value4#gfc ,a labor]'s product is su* portion ( ! value ( t :i* he deliv]s to ! consum] z 8 own labor has contribut$4#gfd ,! labor] does n get ?is product1 at lea/ n z labor]2 he ga9s a b>e subsi/5ce by 8 "w4#gfe ,b1 somebody gets ! surplus weal?4 ,:o is ! somebody8#gff ,! usur]4#gfg ,!re are ?ree =ms ( usury3 int]e/ on money1 r5t ( l& & h\ses1 & pr(it 9 ex*ange4 ,:oev] is 9 receipt ( any ( ^! is a usur]4 ,& :o is n8 ,sc>cely any "o4 ,! bank] is a usur]2 ! manufactur] is a usur]2 ! m]*ant is a usur]2 ! l&lord is a usur]2 & ! work+man :o puts 8 sav+s1 if he has any1 out at int]e/1 or takes r5t = 8 h\se or lot1 if he owns "o1 or ex*anges 8 labor = m ?an an equival5t1--he too is a usur]4 ,! s9 ( usury is "o "u :i* all are conclud$1 & = :i* all are responsible4 ,b all d n b5efit by x4 ,! va/ majority suff]4 ,only ! *ief usur]s accumulate3 9 agricultural & ?ickly settl$ c\ntries1 ! l&lords2 9 indu/rial & comm]cial c\ntries1 ! bank]s4 ,^? are ! ,somebodies :o swall[ up ! surplus weal?4#gfh #b4 ,& :]e d !y get _! p[]8 ,f monopoly ma9ta9$ by ! ,/ate4 ,usury re/s on ?is4#gfi ,& ( ! v>i\s monopolies t n[ prevail1 f\r are ( pr9cipal importance4#ggj ,fir/ 9 ! importance ( its evil influ5ce !y ! f\nd]s ( ,an>*ism consid]$ ! money monopoly1 :i* consi/s ( ! privilege giv5 by ! gov]nm5t to c]ta9 individuals1 or to individuals hold+ c]ta9 k9ds ( prop]ty1 ( issu+ ! circulat+ m$ium1 a privilege :i* is n[ en=c$ 9 ?is c\ntry by a national tax ( t5 p] c5t4 ^u all o!r p]sons :o attempt to furni% a circulat+ m$ium1 & by ,/ate laws mak+ x a crim9al (f5ce to issue notes z curr5cy4 ,x is claim$ t hold]s ( ?is privilege control ! rate ( int]e/1 ! rate ( r5t ( h\ses & build+s1 & ! prices ( goods1--! fir/ directly1 & ! second & ?ird indirectly4 ,=1 if ! bus9ess ( bank+ 7 made free to all1 m & m p]sons w\ld ent] into x until ! competition %\ld become %>p en\gh to r$uce ! price ( l5d+ money to ! labor co/1 :i* /ati/ics %[ to be less ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( "o p] c5t4#gga ,!n d[n w g h\se-r5t4 ,= no "o :o c borr[ capital at "o p] c5t4 ) :i* to build a h\se ( 8 own w cons5t to pay r5t to a l&lord at a high] rate ?an t4#ggb ,f9ally1 d[n w g pr(its also4 ,= m]*ants1 in/ead ( buy+ at high prices on cr$it1 w borr[ money ( ! banks at less ?an "o p] c5t41 buy at l[ prices = ca%1 & correspond+ly r$uce ! prices ( _! goods to _! cu/om]s4#ggc ,second 9 importance comes ! l& monopoly1 ! evil effects ( :i* are se5 pr9cipally 9 exclusively agricultural c\ntries1 l ,irel&4 ,?is monopoly consi/s 9 ! en=cem5t by gov]nm5t ( l&-titles :i* d n re/ ^u p]sonal occupancy & cultivation4#ggd ,gr\nd-r5t exi/s only because ! ,/ate /&s by to collect x & to protect l&-titles root$ 9 =ce or fraud4#gge ,z soon z individuals %\ld no long] be protect$ 9 any?+ b p]sonal occupancy & cultivation ( l&1 gr\nd-r5t w\ld disappe>1 & s usury h "o less leg to /& on4#ggf ,! ?ird & f\r? places are occupi$ by ! t>iff & pat5t monopolies4#ggg ,! t>iff monopoly consi/s 9 fo/]+ production at high prices & "u unfavorable conditions by visit+ ) ! p5alty ( taxation ^? :o patronize production at l[ prices & "u favorable conditions4 ,! evil to :i* ?is monopoly gives rise might m prop]ly be call$ misusury ?an usury1 because x compels labor to pay1 n exactly = ! use ( capital1 b r = ! misuse ( capital4#ggh ,! pat5t monopoly protects inv5tors & au?ors aga9/ competition = a p]iod long en\gh to enable !m to extort f ! p a rew>d enorm\sly 9 excess ( ! labor measure ( _! s]vices1--9 o!r words1 x gives c]ta9 p a "r ( prop]ty = a t]m ( ye>s 9 laws & facts ( nature1 & ! p[] to exact tribute f o!rs = ! use ( ?is natural weal?1 :i* %\ld be op5 to all4#ggi ,x is on ! t>iff & pat5t monopolies1 next to ! money monopoly1 t pr(it 9 ex*ange is bas$4 ,if !y 7 done away along ) ! money monopoly1 x w\ld disappe>4#ghj ,,ii4 ,e "o's self-int]e/1 & p>ticul>ly ! equal lib]ty ( all1 dem&s a di/ribution ( prop]ty 9 :i* e "o is gu>ante$ ! product ( 8 labor4#gha #a4 ,equal lib]ty1 9 ! prop]ty sph]e1 is su* a balance betwe5 ! lib]ty to take & ! lib]ty to keep t ! two lib]ties may coexi/ )\t conflict or invasion4#ghb ,ne>ly all ,an>*i/s consid] labor to be ! only basis ( ! "r ( own]%ip 9 h>mony ) t law2#ghc ! labor]s1 in/ead ( hav+ only a small fraction ( ! weal? 9 ! _w1 %\ld h all ! weal?4#ghd ,?is =m ( prop]ty secures ea* 9 ! possession ( 8 own products1 or ( su* products ( o!rs z he may h obta9$ unconditionally )\t ! use ( fraud or =ce1 & 9 ! realization ( all titles to su* products :i* he may hold by virtue ( free contract ) o!rs4#ghe ,x w be se5 f ?is def9ition t ,an>*i/ic prop]ty conc]ns only products4 ,b any?+ is a product ^u :i* human labor has be5 exp5d$1 :e!r x be a piece ( iron or a piece ( l&4 7,x %\ld be /at$1 h[ev]1 t 9 ! case ( l&1 or ( any o!r mat]ial ! supply ( :i* is s limit$ t all _c hold x 9 unlimit$ quantities1 ,an>*ism und]takes to protect no titles except su* z are bas$ on actual occupancy & use47#ghf #b4 ,a di/ribution ( prop]ty 9 :i* e "o is gu>ante$ ! product ( 8 labor presupposes m]ely t equal lib]ty be appli$ 9 ^? sph]es :i* are z yet dom9at$ by ,/ate monopoly4#ghg ,free money fir/4#ghh ,i mean by free money ! utt] abs5ce ( re/riction ^u ! issue ( all money n fraudul5t2#ghi mak+ ! issue ( money z free z ! manufacture ( %oes4#gij ,money is "h und]/ood 9 ! broade/ s5se1 x means bo? commodity money & cr$it money1#gia by no means co9 alone2 if ! idea ( ! royalty ( gold & silv] c\ld once be knock$ out ( ! p's heads1 & !y c\ld once und]/& t no p>ticul> k9d ( m]*&ise is creat$ by nature = monet>y purposes1 !y w\ld settle ?is "q 9 a trice4#gib ,if !y only _h ! lib]ty to d s1 !re are en\gh l>ge & small prop]ty-hold]s will+ & anxi\s to issue money1 to provide a f> great] am\nt ?an is ne$$4#gic ,does ! law ( ,engl& all[ citiz5s to =m a bank = ! issue ( pap] money aga9/ any prop]ty t !y may see fit to accept z security2 said bank p]haps own+ no specie :atev]2 ! pap] money n r$eemable 9 specie except at ! option ( ! bank2 ! cu/om]s ( ! bank mutually pl$g+ !mselves to accept ! bank's pap] 9 lieu ( gold or silv] co9 ( ! same face value2 ! pap] be+ r$eemable only at ! maturity ( ! mortgage notes1 & !n simply by a return ( said notes & a release ( ! mortgag$ prop]ty1--is su* an in/itution1 ,i ask1 all[$ by ! law ( ,engl&8 ,if x is1 !n ,i h only to say t ! work+ p ( ,engl& are v great fools n to take advantage ( ?is ine/imable lib]ty4#gid ,!n competition w\ld r$uce ! rate ( int]e/ on capital to ! m]e co/ ( bank+1 :i* is mu* less ?an "o p] c5t41#gie = capitali/s w n be able to l5d _! capital at int]e/ :5 p c get money at ! bank )\t int]e/ ) :i* to buy capital outright4#gif ,likewise ! *>ge ( r5t on build+s w\ld be almo/ entirely & directly aboli%$1#gig & pr(its fall to ! level ( ! manufactur]'s or m]*ant's prop] wage1#gih except 9 bus9ess protect$ by t>iff or pat5t laws4#gii ,?is facility ( acquir+ capital w give an unhe>d-( impetus to bus9ess2#hjj if free bank+ 7 only a picayuni% attempt to di/ribute m equitably ! small am\nt ( weal? n[ produc$1 ,i w\ld n wa/e a mom5t's en]gy on x4#hja ,free l& is ne$$ 9 ! second place4#hjb ',! l& = ! p1' accord+ to ',lib]ty'1 means ! protection ( all p :o desire to cultivate l& 9 ! possession ( :atev] l& !y p]sonally cultivate1 )\t di/9ction betwe5 ! exi/+ classes ( l&lords1 t5ants1 & labor]s1 & ! positive refusal ( ! protect+ p[] to l5d its aid to ! collection ( any r5t :atsoev]4#hjc ,?is sy/em ( occupy+ own]%ip1 accompani$ by no legal p[] to collect r5t1 b c\pl$ ) ! abolition ( ! ,/ate-gu>ante$ monopoly ( money1 ?us mak+ capital readily available1#hjd w\ld aboli% gr\nd-r5t#hje & di/ribute ! increm5t naturally & quietly among its rightful own]s4#hjf ,9 ! ?ird & f\r? place1 free trade & fre$om ( intellectual products are necess>y4#hjg ,if !y 7 add$ to fre$om 9 money1 pr(it on m]*&ise w\ld become m]ely ! wages ( m]cantile labor4#hjh ,free trade w\ld result 9 a great r$uction 9 ! prices ( all articles tax$4#hji ,& ! abolition ( ! pat5t monopoly w\ld fill its b5efici>ies ) a :olesome fe> ( competition :i* w\ld cause !m to be satisfi$ ) pay = _! s]vices equal to t :i* o!r labor]s get = !irs4#haj ,if equal lib]ty is realiz$ 9 ^! f\r sph]es1 its realization 9 ! sph]e ( prop]ty foll[s ( itself3 t is1 a di/ribution ( prop]ty 9 :i* e "o is gu>ante$ ! product ( 8 labor4#haa ,economic privilege mu/ disappe> z a result ( ! abolition ( political tyranny4#hab ,9 a society 9 :i* !re is no m gov]nm5t ( man by man1 !re c be no su* ?+s z int]e/1 r5t1 & pr(its2#hac e "o is gu>ante$ ! own]%ip ( ! product ( 8 labor4 ,socialism does n say3 ',?\ %alt n /eal6' ,x says3 ',:5 all m5 h ,lib]ty1 ?\ wilt n /eal4'#had #c4 ,lib]ty w aboli% all means :]eby any labor] c be depriv$ ( any ( 8 product2 b x w n aboli% ! limit$ inequality betwe5 "o labor]'s product & ano!r's4#hae ,!re w rema9 ! slight disp>ity ( products due to sup]iority ( soil & skill4 ,b ev5 ?is disp>ity w soon develop a t5d5cy to decrease4 ,"u ! new economic conditions & enl>g$ opportunities result+ f fre$om ( cr$it & l& classes w t5d to disappe>2 great capacities w n be develop$ 9 a few at ! exp5se ( /unt+ ^? ( ! _m2 fre$om ( locomotion w be va/ly increas$2 ! toil]s w no long] be an*or$ 9 su* l>ge numb]s 9 ! pres5t comm]cial c5tres1 & ?us made subs]vi5t to ! city l&lords2 t]ritories & res\rces nev] be=e utiliz$ w become easy ( access & developm5t2 & "u all ^! influ5ces ! disp>ity above m5tion$ w decrease to a m9imum4#haf ,probably x w nev] disappe> entirely4#hag ,n[1 because lib]ty has n ! p[] to br+ ?is ab\t1 !re are p :o say3 ,we w h no lib]ty1 = we mu/ h absolute equality4 ,i am n ( !m4 ,if ,i c g ?r\gh life free & ri*1 ,i %all n cry because my neighbor1 equally free1 is ri*]4 ,lib]ty w ultimately make all m5 ri*2 x w n make all m5 equally ri*4 ,au?ority may 7& may n7 make all m5 equally ri* 9 purse2 x c]ta9ly w make !m equally poor 9 all t makes life be/ wor? liv+4#hah #f4--,,realization ,accord+ to ,tuck]1 ! mann] 9 :i* ! *ange call$ = by e "o's self-int]e/ takes place is to be t ^? :o h recogniz$ ! tru? %all fir/ conv9ce a suffici5t numb] ( p h[ necess>y ! *ange is to _! own int]e/s1 & t !n !y all ( !m1 by refus+ ob$i5ce1 aboli% ! ,/ate1 trans=m law & prop]ty1 & ?us br+ ab\t ! new condition4 ,i4 ,fir/ a suffici5t numb] ( m5 are to be conv9c$ t _! own int]e/s dem& ! *ange4 #a4 ,a sy/em ( ,an>*y 9 actual op]ation implies a previ\s education ( ! p 9 ! pr9ciples ( ,an>*y4#hai ,! individual mu/ be p5etrat$ ) ! ,an>*i/ic idea & taught to rebel4#hbj ,p]si/5t inculcation ( ! doctr9e ( equality ( lib]ty1 :]eby f9ally ! majority w be made to see 9 reg>d to exi/+ =ms ( invasion :at !y h already be5 made to see 9 reg>d to its obsolete =ms1--namely1 t !y are n seek+ equality ( lib]ty at all1 b simply ! subjection ( all o!rs to !mselves4#hba ,! ,iri% ,l& ,league fail$ because ! peasants 7 act+1 n intellig5tly 9 ob$i5ce to _! wisdom1 b bl9dly 9 ob$i5ce to lead]s :o betray$ !m at ! critical mom5t4 ,_h ! p realiz$ ! p[] !y 7 ex]cis+ & und]/ood ! economic situation1 !y w\ld n h resum$ ! paym5t ( r5t at ,p>nell's bidd+1 & to-day !y might h be5 free4 ,! ,an>*i/s d n propose to repeat _! mi/ake4 ,t is :y !y are devot+ !mselves entirely to ! inculcation ( pr9ciples1 especially ( economic pr9ciples4 ,9 /eadfa/ly pursu+ ?is c\rse reg>dless ( clamor1 !y alone are lay+ a sure f\ndation = ! success ( ! revolution4#hbb #b4 ,9 p>ticul>1 accord+ to ,tuck]1 appropriate means = ! inculcation ( ! ,an>*i/ic idea are spee* & ! press4#hbc--;,b :at if ! fre$om ( spee* & ( ! press be suppress$8 ,!n =ce is ju/ifiable4#hbd ,b =ce is to be us$ only z a la/ resort4#hbe ,:5 a physician sees t 8 pati5t's /r5g? is be+ exhau/$ s rapidly by ! int5sity ( 8 agony t he w die ( exhau/ion be=e ! m$ical processes inaugurat$ h a *ance to d _! curative "w1 he adm9i/]s an opiate4 ,b a good physician is always lo? to d s1 kn[+ t "o ( ! influ5ces ( ! opiate is to int]f]e ) & defeat ! m$ical processes !mselves4 ,x is ! same ) ! use ( =ce1 :e!r ( ! mob or ( ! ,/ate1 ^u diseas$ society2 & n only ^? :o prescribe its indiscrim9ate use z a sov]eign rem$y & a p]man5t tonic1 b all :o ev] propose x z a cure1 & ev5 all :o w\ld lightly & unnecess>ily resort to x1 n z a cure1 b z an exp$i5t1 are social quacks4#hbf ,!re=e viol5ce %\ld be us$ aga9/ ! oppressors ( mank9d only :5 !y h succe$$ 9 hopelessly repress+ all peaceful me?ods ( agitation4#hbg ,blood%$ 9 itself is pure loss4 ,:5 we mu/ h fre$om ( agitation1 & :5 no?+ b blood%$ w secure x1 !n blood%$ is wise4#hbh ,z long z fre$om ( spee* & ( ! press is n /ruck d[n1 !re %\ld be no resort to physical =ce 9 ! /ruggle aga9/ oppression4 ,x mu/ n be inf]r$ t1 because ',lib]tas' ?9ks x may become advisable to use =ce to secure free spee*1 x w\ld !re=e sanction a bloody deluge z soon z free spee* _h be5 /ruck d[n 9 "o1 a doz51 or a hundr$ in/ances4 ,n until ! gag _h become completely efficaci\s w\ld ',lib]tas' advise t la/ resort1 ! use ( =ce4#hbi ,t]rorism is exp$i5t 9 ,russia & inexp$i5t 9 ,g]many & ,engl&4#hcj--;,9 :at =m is viol5ce to be us$8 ,! days ( arm$ revolution h gone by4 ,x is too easily put d[n4#hca ,t]rorism & assass9ation#hcb are necess>y1 b !y w h to consi/ ( a s]ies ( acts ( individual dynamit]s4#hcc #c4 ,b1 besides spee* & ! press1 !re are yet o!r me?ods ( propag&ism4#hcd ,su* a me?od is isolat$ individual resi/ance to taxation4#hce ,"s ye>1 :5 an ,an>*i/ feels exceptionally /rong & indep5d5t1 :5 8 conduct c impair no s]i\s p]sonal obligations1 :5 on ! :ole he w\ld a little r g to jail ?an n1 & :5 8 prop]ty is 9 su* %ape t he c successfully conceal x1 let him decl>e to ! assessor prop]ty ( a c]ta9 value1 & !n defy ! collector to collect4 ,or1 if he h no prop]ty1 let him decl9e to pay 8 poll tax4 ,! ,/ate w !n be put to its trumps4 ,( two ?+s "o1--ei!r x w let him alone1 & !n he w tell 8 neighbors all ab\t x1 result+ ! next ye> 9 an al>m+ disposition on _! "p to keep _! own money 9 _! own pockets2 or else x w imprison him1 & !n by ! requisite legal processes he w dem& & secure all ! rights ( a civil prison] & live ?us a dec5tly com=table life until ! ,/ate %all get tir$ ( support+ him & ! increas+ numb] ( p]sons :o w foll[ 8 example4 ,unless1 inde$1 ! ,/ate1 9 desp]ation1 %all see fit to make its laws reg>d+ imprisonm5t = taxes m rigor\s1 & !n1 if our ,an>*i/ be a det]m9$ man1 we %all f9d out h[ f> a republican gov]nm5t1 'd]iv+ its j p[]s f ! cons5t ( ! gov]n$1' is ready to g to procure t 'cons5t1'--:e!r x w /op at solit>y conf9em5t 9 a d>k cell or jo9 ) ! cz> ( ,russia 9 adm9i/]+ torture by electricity4 ,! f>!r x %all g ! bett] x w be = ,an>*y1 z e /ud5t ( ! hi/ory ( re=m well kn[s4 ,:o %all e/imate ! p[] = propag&ism ( a few cases ( ?is k9d1 back$ by a well-organiz$ =ce ( agitators outside ! prison walls8#hcf ,ano!r me?od ( propag&a consi/s 9 a practical te/ ( ,an>*i/ic pr9ciples4#hcg ,b ?is _c take place 9 isolat$ communities1 b only 9 ! v he>t ( exi/+ indu/rial & social life4#hch ,9 "s l>ge city fairly repres5tative ( ! v>i$ int]e/s & *>act]i/ics ( our het]og5e\s civilization let a suffici5tly l>ge numb] ( e>ne/ & intellig5t ,an>*i/s1 engag$ 9 ne>ly all ! diff]5t trades & pr(essions1 comb9e to c>ry on _! production & di/ribution on ! co/ pr9ciple1 &1#hci sett+ at defiance ! national & ,/ate bank+ prohibitions1#hdj to />t a bank ?r\gh :i* !y c obta9 a non-int]e/-be>+ curr5cy = ! conduct ( _! comm]ce & dispose _! /eadily accumulat+ capital 9 new ent]prises1 ! advantages ( ?is sy/em ( affairs be+ op5 to all :o %\ld *oose to (f] _! patronage1--:at w\ld be ! result8 ,:y1 soon ! :ole composite population1 wise & unwise1 good1 bad1 & indiff]5t1 w\ld become int]e/$ 9 :at 0 go+ on "u _! v eyes1 m & m ( !m w\ld actually take "p 9 x1 & 9 a few ye>s1 ea* man reap+ ! fruit ( 8 labor & no man able to live 9 idl5ess on an income f capital1 ! :ole city w\ld become a great hive ( ,an>*i/ic work]s1 prosp]\s & free individuals4#hda ,,ii4 ,if a suffici5t numb] ( p]sons are conv9c$ t _! self-int]e/ dem&s ! *ange1 !n ! "t is come to aboli% ! ,/ate1 trans=m law & prop]ty1 & br+ ab\t ! new condition1 by ! ,social ,revolution1#hdb i4 e4 by z g5]al a refusal ( ob$i5ce z possible4 ,! ,/ate is %e] tyranny1 & has no rights :i* any individual is b\nd to respect2 on ! contr>y1 e individual :o und]/&s 8 rights & values 8 lib]ties w d 8 be/ to ov]?r[ x4#hdc #a4 ,_m believe t ! ,/ate _c disappe> until ! individual is p]fect$4 ,9 say+ :i*1 ,mr4 ,appleton jo9s h&s ) ^? wise p]sons :o admit t ,an>*y w be practicable :5 ! mill5nium arrives4 ,no d\bt x is true t1 if ! individual c\ld p]fect himself :ile ! b>ri]s to 8 p]fection are /&+1 ! ,/ate w\ld aft]w>ds disappe>4 ,p]haps1 too1 he c\ld g to heav51 if he c\ld lift himself by 8 boot-/raps4#hdd ',bullion' ?9ks t 'civilization consi/s 9 tea*+ m5 to gov]n !mselves & !n lett+ !m d x4' ,a v slight *ange suffices to make ?is /upid /atem5t an entirely accurate "o1 aft] :i* x w\ld read3 ',civilization consi/s 9 tea*+ m5 to gov]n !mselves by lett+ !m d x4'#hde ,!re=e x is necess>y to aboli% ! ,/ate#hdf by ! imp5d+ social revolution4#hdg #b4 ,o!rs h ! fallaci\s idea t ,an>*y c be inaugurat$ by =ce4#hdh ,9 :at way x is to be inaugurat$ is solely a "q ( exp$i5cy4#hdi ,to br& ! policy ( t]rorism & assass9ation z immoral is ridicul\sly weak4 ',lib]ty' does n assume to set any limit on ! "r ( an invad$ individual to *oose 8 own me?ods ( def5ce4 ,! invad]1 :e!r an individual or a gov]nm5t1 =feits all claim to consid]ation f ! invad$4 ,?is tru? is indep5d5t ( ! "* ( ! invasion4 ,x makes no diff]5ce 9 :at direction ! individual f9ds 8 fre$om arbitr>ily limit$2 he has a "r to v9dicate x 9 any case1 & he w be ju/ifi$ 9 v9dicat+ x by :atev] means are available4#hej ,! "r to resi/ oppression by viol5ce is beyond d\bt4 ,b its ex]cise w\ld be unwise unless ! suppression ( free ?\ght1 free spee*1 & a free press 7 en=c$ s /r+5tly t all o!r means ( ?r[+ x (f _h become hopeless4#hea ,if gov]nm5t %\ld be abruptly & entirely aboli%$ to-morr[1 !re w\ld probably ensue a s]ies ( physical conflicts ab\t l& & _m o!r ?+s1 end+ 9 reaction & a revival ( ! old tyranny4 ,b1 if ! abolition ( gov]nm5t %all take place gradually1 x w be accompani$ by a con/ant acquisition & /eady spread+ ( social tru?4#heb #c4 ,! social revolution is to come ab\t by passive resi/ance2 t is1 refusal ( ob$i5ce4#hec ,passive resi/ance is ! mo/ pot5t weapon ev] wield$ by man aga9/ oppression4#hed ',passive resi/ance1' said ,f]d9& ,lassalle1 ) an obtus5ess ?or\ghly ,g]man1 'is ! resi/ance :i* does n resi/4' ,nev] 0 !re a great] mi/ake4 ,x is ! only resi/ance :i* 9 ^! days ( milit>y discipl9e meets ) any result4 ,!re is n a tyrant 9 ! civiliz$ _w to-day :o w\ld n d any?+ 9 8 p[] to precipitate a bloody revolution r ?an see himself confront$ by any l>ge fraction ( 8 subjects det]m9$ n to obey4 ,an insurrection is easily quell$1 b no army is will+ or able to tra9 its guns on in(f5sive p :o d n ev5 ga!r 9 ! /reet b /ay at home & /& back on _! rights4#hee ,p[] fe$s on its spoils1 & dies :5 its victims refuse to be despoil$4 ,!y c't p]suade x to dea?2 !y c't vote x to dea?2 !y c't %oot x to dea?2 b !y c always />ve x to dea?4 ,:5 a det]m9$ body ( p1 suffici5tly /rong 9 numb]s & =ce ( "* to comm& respect & make x unsafe to imprison !m1 %all agree to quietly close _! doors 9 ! faces ( ! tax-collector & ! r5t-collector1 & %all1 by issu+ _! own money 9 defiance ( legal prohibition1 at ! same "t cease pay+ tribute to ! money-"l1 gov]nm5t1 ) all ! privileges :i* x grants & ! monopolies :i* x su/a9s1 w g by ! bo>d4#hef ,consid] ! enorm\s & utt]ly irresi/ible p[] ( a l>ge & intellig5t m9ority1 compris+ say "o-fif? ( ! population 9 any giv5 locality1 refus+ to pay taxes4#heg ,i ne$ d no m ?an call att5tion to ! wond]fully in/ructive hi/ory ( ! ,l& ,league movem5t 9 ,irel&1 ! mo/ pot5t & in/antly effective revolution>y =ce ! _w has ev] kn[n s long z x /ood by its orig9al policy ( ',pay ,no ,r5t1' & :i* lo/ ne>ly all its /r5g? ! day x ab&on$ t policy4 ,b x 0 pursu$ f> en\gh to %[ t ! ,briti% gov]nm5t 0 utt]ly p[]less be=e x2 & x is sc>cely too mu* to say1 9 my op9ion1 t1 _h x be5 p]si/$ 91 !re w\ld n to-day be a l&lord 9 ,irel&4 ,x is easi] to resi/ taxes 9 ?is c\ntry ?an x is to resi/ r5t 9 ,irel&2 & su* a policy w\ld be z mu* m pot5t "h ?an !re z ! intellig5ce ( ! p is great]1 provid+ always t y c enli/ 9 x a suffici5t numb] ( e>ne/ & det]m9$ m5 & wom54 ,if "o-fif? ( ! p 7 to resi/ taxation1 x w\ld co/ m to collect _! taxes1 or try to collect !m1 ?an ! o!r f\r-fif?s w\ld cons5t to pay into ! treasury4#heh ,,footnotes3 #fee ,recogniz$ by ,tuck] z ! orig9ator ( ,an>*ism1 s f> z any man c claim ?is title4 ,see ,bailie's life ( ,w>r54 #fef ,at pres5t 7#aijh7 a bi-mon?ly magaz9e4 #feg ,or r a selection4 #feh ,tuck] p4 #ba4 #fei ,ib4 p4 #aab4 #ffj ,ib4 p4 #bd4 #ffa ,ib4 pp4 #bd1 #fd4 #ffb ,ib4 p4 #fd4 #ffc ,tuck] p4 #ce4 ,?is passage ref]s m]ely to :at x m5tions1 ! alleg$ int5t utt]ly to de/roy society4 ,z to id5tity ( int]e/s1 ,i believe ,tuck]'s position is t ! int]e/ ( society is t ( almo/ e individual4 #ffd ,ib4 p4 #bd4 #ffe ,ib4 p4 #bd4 #fff ,ib4 p4 #acb4 #ffg ,ib4 p4 #db4 ,eltzba*] does n seem to p]ceive t ,tuck] uses ?is z a ready-made phrase1 co9$ by ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & designat+ ,sp5c]'s well-kn[n =mula t 9 ju/ice e man has fre$om to d all t he wills1 provid$ he infr+es n ! equal fre$om ( any o!r man4 #ffh ,ib4 p4 #da4 #ffi ,ib4 p4 #fd4 #fgj ,tuck] p4 #ce4 ,?is citation is aga9 irrelevant1 b ,eltzba*]'s misapplication ( x does n misrepres5t ,tuck]'s views4 #fga ,ib4 p4 #fe4 #fgb ,ib4 p4 #ae4 #fgc ,ib4 p4 #ei4 ,x %\ld be und]/ood t a great "p ( ,in/ead ( a ,book is made up ( ! repr9ts ( discussions ) v>i\s oppon5ts ^: language is quot$ & allud$ to4 #fgd ,ib4 p4 #bc4 #fge ,ib4 p4 #fg4 #fgf ,ib4 p4 #aec4 #fgg ,ib4 p4 #ace4 ,s9ce ! publication ( ,in/ead ( a ,book ,tuck] has _h a notable discussion ( ! *ild "q 9 ,lib]ty1 :i*1 :ile develop+ mu* disagreem5t on ?is po9t among ,tuck]'s fri5ds1 has at lea/ br\ght def9it5ess into ! judgm5ts pass$ ^u x4 #fgh ,tuck] p4 #gh4 #fgi ,ib4 p4 #bc4 #fhj ,ib4 p4 #bc4 #fha ,ib4 p4 #ei4 ,! word+ ( ?is clause is s ?or\ghly ,eltzba*]'s own t 8 quotation-m>ks appe> unju/ifiable2 b ! doctr9e is ,tuck]'s4 #fhb ,ib4 p4 #ha4 #fhc ,ib4 p4 #hj4 #fhd ,ib4 p4 #afg4 #fhe ,tuck] p4 #bc4 #fhf ,ib4 pp4 #fj1 #eb1 #aeh1 #ajd1 #afg4 #fhg ,ib4 p4 #be4 #fhh ,ib4 p4 #fj4 ,b see bel[1 page #bjj1 :]e ,tuck]'s page #fj is quot$ v]batim4 #fhi ,ib4 p4 #cab4 #fij ,ib4 p4 #cab4 ,tuck] is n likely to ?9k t he is fairly repres5t$ )\t a full] quotation3 n only ! facts1 b ! law1 ! ju/ice ( ! law1 its applicability to ! giv5 circum/ances1 & ! p5alty or damage to be inflict$ because ( its infraction4 ,he w\ld emphasize ! ju/ice ( ! law--a juryman w disreg>d a law t he disapproves4 ,tuck] "h prefixes ,all rules & laws w be little m ?an sugge/ions = ! guidance ( juries4 ,nev]!less ! juryman is to be guid$ by norm & n by caprice3 see ,lib]ty ,sept4 #g1 #ahie1 :]e he says3 ,i am ask$ by a correspond5t if ,i w\ld 'passively see a woman ?r[ h] baby into ! fire z a man ?r[s 8 newspap]'4 ,x is highly probable t ,i w\ld int]f]e 9 su* a case4 ,b x is z probable1 & p]haps m s1 t ,i w\ld p]sonally int]f]e to prev5t ! own] ( a ma/]piece by ,titian f apply+ ! tor* to ! canvas4 ,my int]f]5ce 9 ! =m] case no m invalidates ! "m's prop]ty "r 9 h] *ild ?an my int]f]5ce 9 ! latt] case w\ld invalidate ! prop]ty "r ( ! own] ( ! pa9t+4 ,if ,i int]f]e 9 ei!r case1 ,i am an invad]1 act+ 9 ob$i5ce to my injur$ feel+s4 ,z su* ,i des]ve to be puni%$4 ,i consid] t x w\ld be ! duty ( a policeman 9 ! s]vice ( ! def5ce association to arre/ me = assault4 ,on my arraignm5t ,i %\ld plead guilty1 & x w\ld be ! duty ( ! jury to impose a p5alty on me4 ,i might ask = a light s5t5ce on ! /r5g? ( ! ext5uat+ circum/ances1 & ,i believe t my pray] w\ld be he$$4 ,b1 if su* invasions z m9e 7 p]si/$ 91 x w\ld become ! duty ( ! jury to impose p5alties suffici5tly sev]e to put a /op to !m4 #fia ,tuck] p4 #cab4 #fib ,ib4 p4 #eb4 #fic ,ib4 pp4 #aef-g4 ,comp>e ! exact words ( ?is passage z quot$ on page #bjj bel[4 #fid ,ib4 p4 #aca4 ,n v]batim4 #fie ,ib4 p4 #fj4 #fif ,ib4 p4 #fa4 #fig ,tuck] p4 #eb4 #fih ,ib4 p4 #bd4 #fii ,ib4 pp4 #adf1 #cej4 #gjj ,ib4 p4 #dh4 #gja ,ib4 p4 #dh4 #gjb ,ib4 p4 #aeh4 #gjc ,ib4 p4 #ea4 #gjd ,ib4 p4 #aeh4 #gje ,tuck] pp4 #aeg-h4 #gjf ,ib4 p4 #be4 #gjg ,ib4 p4 #bb4 #gjh ,ib4 p4 #bc4 #gji ,ib4 p4 #bc4 #gaj ,tuck] p4 #bb4 #gaa ,ib4 p4 #bc4 #gab ,ib4 p4 #afi4 #gac ,ib4 p4 #aae4 ,! words are ,luci5 ,v4 ,p9ney's1 b ,tuck] quotes !m approv+ly4 #gad ,ib4 pp4 #dbf-g4 #gae ,ib4 p4 #eg4 #gaf ,ib4 p4 #be4 #gag ,tuck] pp4 #be-f4 #gah ,ib4 p4 #eg4 #gai ,ib4 p4 #bf4 #gbj ,ib4 p4 #cb-cc4 #gba ,tuck] p4 #ed4 #gbb ,ib4 p4 #ec4 #gbc ,ib4 pp4 #bf-g4 #gbd ,ib4 pp4 #aeh-i4 #gbe ,tuck] p4 #dd4 ,see my note bel[1 page #aie4 #gbf ,ib4 p4 #ce4 #gbg ,ib4 p4 #cba4 #gbh ,ib4 p4 #cb4 #gbi ,ib4 p4 #dd4 ,or r p4 #afg1 & sundry o!r passages2 on p4 #dd see my note bel[1 page #aie4 #gcj ,ib4 p4 #cdb4 #gca ,ib4 p4 #dh4 #gcb ,tuck] pp4 #dd-e4 ,all ?is is a discussion ( ! *>act]i/ics :i* ! ,/ate ( to-day w\ld h to possess if x 7 to des]ve to be *>act]iz$ z a volunt>y association4 ,! same conditions mu/ ( c\rse be fulfill$ by any future volunt>y association2 b x does n foll[ t all ! po9ts m5tion$ are su* z ,an>*i/ic associations w\ld h mo/ occasion to contemplate4 #gcc ,tuck] p4 #ef4 #gcd ,ib4 pp4 #ef-g4 #gce ,ib4 p4 #bd4 #gcf ,ib4 p4 #dd4 ,= context & limitations see page #aie ( ! pres5t book4 #gcg ,ib4 p4 #aeh4 #gch ,ib4 p4 #cb4 ,x is n necess>y t taxation exi/1 ?\gh x may be altoge!r presumable t x w4 ,/ill less is x necess>y t ! taxation be consid]able 9 am\nt4 #gci ,tuck] pp4 #cf-g4 #gdj ,ib4 p4 #cg4 #gda ,ib4 p4 #dc4 #gdb ,tuck] p4 #dad4 #gdc ,ib4 p4 #aei4 ,tuck] himself w\ld assur$ly h giv5 ! emphasis ( especially to ! mutual banks4 ,! def5sive associations receive especially frequ5t m5tion because ( ! ne$ ( incessantly answ]+ ! objection ,if we lose ! ,/ate1 :o w protect u aga9/ ruffians8 b ,tuck] c]ta9ly expects t ! def5sive association w f ! />t fill a mu* small] sph]e 9 e respect ?an ! pres5t police4 ,see e4 g4 ,in/ead ( a ,book p4 #dj4 #gdd ,ib4 p4 #be4 #gde ,ib4 p4 #be4 #gdf ,ib4 p4 #eb4 #gdg ,ib4 p4 #dj4 #gdh ,tuck] p4 #cb4 #gdi ,ib4 pp4 #cbf-g4 #gej ,ib4 p4 #cf4 #gea ,ib4 p4 #afg4 ,b ! re/ra9t ( aggressions aga9/ ^? ) :om ! association has no contract1 & also ! possible refusal to pay any att5tion to "s p>ticul> class ( aggressions :i* x may be ?\ght be/ to let alone1 are optional2 9 ^! respects ! association w d :at seems be/ to s]ve ! int]e/s 7includ+ ! pleasure1 altrui/ic or o!r7 ( its memb]s2 ^? :o d n approve ! policy adopt$ may quit ! association if !y l4 #geb ,tuck] p4 #ci4 #gec ,ib4 p4 #ee :]e ,tuck] explicitly refuses to approve ?is /atem5t unless he is all[$ to add ! caveat if by ! words wrong do+ is meant invasion4 #ged ,ib4 p4 #ef4 #gee ,ib4 p4 #ef4 #gef ,ib4 pp4 #aef-g4 ,b accompani$ by a disapproval ( ! ord9>y practice ( capital puni%m5t4 #geg ,ib4 p4 #fj :]e ! p>ticul> torture "u discussion is failure to fe$1 clo!1 & make com=table ! prison]s4 #geh ,ib4 p4 #cab4 ,b ,an>*ism1 z su*1 nei!r believes nor disbelieves 9 jury trial2 x is a matt] ( exp$i5cy1 pp4 #ee-f4 #gei ,tuck] p4 #ef4 #gfj ,ib4 p4 #cab4 #gfa ,ib4 p4 #bf4 #gfb ,ib4 p4 #agh4 #gfc ,ib4 pp4 #agh1 #agg4 #gfd ,ib4 p4 #bda4 #gfe ,ib4 p4 #agg4 ,?is is giv5 z an answ] to ! "q "h quot$ next1 ab\t surplus weal?4 #gff ,ib4 p4 #agg4 ,quot$ f ,n4 ,y4 ,tru?4 #gfg ,ib4 p4 #agh4 #gfh ,tuck] p4 #agh4 #gfi ,ib4 p4 #agh4 ,n v]batim4 #ggj ,ib4 p4 #aa4 #gga ,tuck] p4 #aa4 #ggb ,ib4 p4 #ab4 #ggc ,ib4 p4 #ab4 #ggd ,ib4 p4 #ab4 #gge ,ib4 p4 #agh4 #ggf ,ib4 p4 #ab4 ,?is is giv5 z ! view ( ,pr\dhon & ,w>r52 ! next s5t5ce /ates ,tuck]'s belief t = p]fect correctness x %\ld be modifi$ by admitt+ t a small fraction ( gr\nd-r5t1 t5d+ con/antly to a m9imum1 w\ld p]si/ ev5 !n1 b w\ld be no cause = s]i\s al>m4 #ggg ,tuck] pp4 #ab-ac4 #ggh ,ib4 p4 #ab4 #ggi ,ib4 p4 #ac4 #ghj ,ib4 pp4 #ab-ac1 #agh4 #gha ,ib4 pp4 #ei-fj4 #ghb ,tuck] p4 #fg4 #ghc ,ib4 p4 #aca4 #ghd ,ib4 p4 #ahe4 ,quot$1 ) express approval1 f ,a4 ,b4 ,br[n4 #ghe ,ib4 p4 #fj4 #ghf ,ib4 p4 #fa4 #ghg ,ib4 p4 #agh4 #ghh ,ib4 p4 #bgc4 #ghi ,ib4 p4 #bgd4 #gij ,ib4 p4 #cgd4 #gia ,tuck] p4 #bgb4 #gib ,ib4 p4 #aih4 #gic ,ib4 p4 #bdh4 #gid ,ib4 p4 #bbf4 #gie ,ib4 p4 #dgd4 #gif ,tuck] p4 #bhg4 #gig ,ib4 pp4 #bgd-e4 #gih ,ib4 p4 #bhg4 #gii ,ib4 p4 #agh4 #hjj ,ib4 p4 #aa4 #hja ,ib4 p4 #bdc4 #hjb ,ib4 p4 #bge4 #hjc ,ib4 p4 #bii4 #hjd ,ib4 p4 #cbe4 #hje ,ib4 p4 #bge4 #hjf ,ib4 p4 #cbe4 ,mean+1 ( c\rse1 ,john ,/u>t ,mill's une>n$ increm5t 9 ! value ( l&4 #hjg ,ib4 pp4 #ab-ac4 #hjh ,tuck] pp4 #dgd1 #agh4 #hji ,ib4 p4 #ab4 #haj ,ib4 p4 #ac4 #haa ,ib4 p4 #djc4 #hab ,ib4 p4 #djc4 #hac ,ib4 p4 #dgj4 #had ,ib4 p4 #cfb4 ,socialism is "h us$ z includ+ ,an>*ism2 & ,tuck] pref]s s to use ! ^w4 #hae ,ib4 p4 #cdg-cdh4 #haf ,tuck] pp4 #ccb-c4 #hag ,ib4 p4 #ccc4 #hah ,ib4 p4 #cdh4 #hai ,tuck] p4 #ajd4 #hbj ,ib4 p4 #aad4 #hba ,ib4 pp4 #gg-h4 #hbb ,ib4 p4 #daf4 #hbc ,tuck] pp4 #cig1 #dac4 #hbd ,ib4 p4 #dac4 #hbe ,ib4 p4 #cig4 #hbf ,ib4 p4 #dbh4 #hbg ,ib4 p4 #dbh :]e ! subject is n viol5ce ( all sorts great & small1 b t]rorism & assass9ation4 #hbh ,ib4 p4 #dci4 #hbi ,tuck] p4 #cig4 #hcj ,ib4 p4 #dbh4 #hca ,ib4 p4 #ddj4 #hcb ,ib4 p4 #dbh ) limit+ context quot$ above1 page #baa4 #hcc ,ib4 p4 #ddj4 #hcd ,ib4 p4 #de4 #hce ,ib4 p4 #de :]e no?+ is said z to :e!r ! "w is ! bett] or ! worse = be+ isolat$4 #hcf ,tuck] p4 #dab4 #hcg ,ib4 p4 #dbc4 #hch ,ib4 p4 #dbc4 #hci ,ib4 p4 #dbc4 #hdj ,tuck] p4 #bg4 #hda ,ib4 pp4 #dbc-d4 #hdb ,ib4 pp4 #daf1 #dci4 #hdc ,ib4 p4 #de4 #hdd ,tuck] p4 #aad4 #hde ,ib4 p4 #aeh4 #hdf ,ib4 p4 #aad4 #hdg ,ib4 p4 #dhg4 #hdh ,ib4 p4 #dbg4 #hdi ,ib4 p4 #dbi4 #hej ,ib4 pp4 #dbh-i4 #hea ,tuck] p4 #dci4 #heb ,ib4 p4 #cbi :]e ! c\rse x mu/ take is some:at m precisely describ$4 #hec ,ib4 p4 #dac4 #hed ,ib4 p4 #dae4 #hee ,ib4 p4 #dac4 #hef ,tuck] pp4 #dae-af4 #heg ,ib4 p4 #dab4 #heh ,tuck] pp4 #dab-ac4 ,?is *apt] %\ld be complet$ by a m5tion ( ,tuck]'s doctr9e t we mu/ expect ,an>*y to be e/abli%$ by gradually gett+ rid ( "o oppression aft] ano!r till at la/ all ! dom9ation ( viol5ce %all h disappe>$4 ,see1 = in/ance1 ,lib]ty = ,decemb]1 #aijj3 ,! fact is t ,an>*i/ society 0 />t$ ?\s&s ( ye>s ago1 :5 ! fir/ glimm] ( ! idea ( lib]ty dawn$ ^u ! human m9d1 & has be5 advanc+ ev] s9ce1--n /eadily advanc+1 to be sure1 b fitfully1 ) an occasional rev]sal ( ! curr5t4 ,mr4 ,by+ton looks ^u ! "t :5 a jury ( ,an>*i/s %all sit1 z a po9t n f> f ! beg9n+ ( ! hi/ory ( ,an>*y's gr[?1 :]eas ,i look ^u t "t z a po9t v ne> ! end ( t hi/ory4 ,! introduction ( m ,an>*y into our economic life w h made m>riage a ?+ ( ! pa/ long be=e ! fir/ draw+ ( a jury ( ,an>*i/s to pass ^u any contract :atev]4 ,also ,in/ead ( a ,book p4 #ajd3 ,an>*i/s "w = ! abolition ( ! ,/ate1 b by ?is !y mean n its ov]?r[1 b1 z ,pr\dhon put x1 its dissolution 9 ! economic organism4 ,?is be+ ! case1 ! "q be=e u is n1 z ,mr4 ,doni/horpe supposes1 :at measures & means ( int]f]5ce we are ju/ifi$ 9 in/itut+1 b :i* ones ( ^? already exi/+ we %\ld fir/ lop (f4 ,tuck] has lately be5 lay+ m emphasis on ?is view ?an on ! m programme-l propositions cit$ by ,eltzba*]1 :i* date f ! fir/ six ye>s ( ! publication ( ,lib]ty4 ,inde$1 ,i am sure ,i rememb] t some:]e lately1 be+ *all5g$ z to ! feasibility ( "s ( ! latt]1 he admitt$ t ^? precise =ms ( action might p]haps n be adequate to br+ ! ,/ate to its end1 & add$ t ! end ( ! ,/ate is at pres5t too remote to all[ u to specify ! processes by :i* x mu/ ultimately be br\ght ab\t4 ,all ?is1 h[ev]1 does n mean t ,tuck]'s fai? 9 passive resi/ance z ! mo/ pot5t in/rum5t discov]able bo? = propag&a & = ! practical w9n+ ( lib]ty has gr[n weak]2 he has no m giv5 up ?is pr9ciple ?an he has giv5 up ! plan ( propag&a by discussion4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,tol/oi',s ,,tea*+ #a4--;,,g5]al ,i4 ,lef ,nikolayevit* ,tol/oi 0 born 9 #ahbh at ,yasnaya ,polyana1 di/rict ( ,krapivna1 gov]nm5t ( ,tula4 ,f #ahdc to #ahdf he /udi$ 9 ,kazan at fir/ ori5tal languages1 !n jurisprud5ce2 f #ahdg to #ahdh1 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 jurisprud5ce4 ,aft] a l5g?y /ay at ,yasnaya ,polyana1 he ent]$ an artill]y regim5t 9 ! ,caucasus1 9 #ahea2 he became an (fic]1 rema9$ 9 ! ,caucasus till #ahec1 !n s]v$ 9 ! ,crimean w>1 & left ! army 9 #ahee4 ,tol/oi n[ liv$ at fir/ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,9 #aheg he took a l5g?y t\r 9 ,g]many1 ,france1 ,italy1 & ,switz]l&4 ,aft] 8 return he liv$ mo/ly 9 ,mosc[ till #ahfj4 ,9 #ahfj-ahfa he travel$ 9 ,g]many1 ,france1 ,italy1 ,engl&1 & ,belgium2 9 ,brussels he made ! acqua9tance ( ,pr\dhon4 ,s9ce #ahfa ,tol/oi has liv$ almo/ un9t]rupt$ly at ,yasnaya ,polyana1 z at once agriculturi/ & au?or4 ,tol/oi has publi%$ num]\s works2 8 works up to #ahgh are mo/ly /ories1 among :i* ! two novels ,w> & ,peace & ,anna ,k>59a are notable2 8 lat] works are mo/ly ( a philosophical nature4 #b4 ,( special importance = ,tol/oi's tea*+ ab\t law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty are 8 works ,my ,confession 7#ahgi71 ,! ,gospel 9 ,brief 7#ahhj71 ,:at ,i ,believe 7#ahhd7 also kn[n 9 ,engli% z ,my ,religion1 ,:at ,%all ,we ,d ,!n8 7#ahhe71 ,on ,life 7#ahhg71 ,! ,k+dom ( ,god is ,)9 ,y2 or1 ,*ri/ianity n a my/ical doctr9e1 b a new life-conception 7#ahic74 #c4 ,tol/oi does n call 8 tea*+ ab\t law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty ,an>*ism4 ,he designates z ,an>*ism ! tea*+ :i* sets up z its goal a life )\t gov]nm5t & wi%es to see ?is realiz$ by ! application ( =ce4#hei #b4--;,,basis ,accord+ to ,tol/oi our supreme law is love2 f ?is he d]ives ! comm&m5t n to resi/ evil by =ce4 #a4 ,tol/oi designates ,*ri/ianity#hfj z 8 basis2 b by ,*ri/ianity he means n ! doctr9e ( "o ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es1 nei!r ! ,or?odox nor ! ,ca?olic nor t ( any ( ! ,prote/ant bodies1#hfa b ! pure tea*+ ( ,*ri/4#hfb ,/range z x may s\nd1 ! *ur*es h always be5 n m]ely ali5 b d[nright ho/ile to ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 & !y mu/ ne$s be s4 ,! *ur*es are n1 z _m ?9k1 in/itutions t are bas$ on a ,*ri/ian orig9 & h only err$ a little f ! "r way2 ! *ur*es z su*1 z associations t ass]t _! infallibility1 are anti-,*ri/ian in/itutions4 ,! ,*ri/ian *ur*es & ,*ri/ianity h no fell[%ip except 9 "n2 nay1 ! two are utt]ly opposite & ho/ile elem5ts4 ,! *ur*es are arrogance1 viol5ce1 usurpation1 rigidity1 dea?2 ,*ri/ianity is humility1 p5it5ce1 submissiv5ess1 progress1 life4#hfc ,! *ur* has s trans=m$ ,*ri/'s tea*+ to suit ! _w t !re no long] result$ f x any dem&s1 & t m5 c\ld g on liv+ z !y _h hi!rto liv$4 ,! *ur* yield$ to ! _w1 &1 hav+ yield$1 foll[$ x4 ,! _w did ev]y?+ t x *ose1 & left ! *ur* to hobble aft] z well z x c\ld ) its tea*+s ab\t ! mean+ ( life4 ,! _w l$ its life1 contr>y to ,*ri/'s tea*+ 9 ea* & e po9t1 & ! *ur* contriv$ subtleties to demon/rate t 9 liv+ contr>y to ,*ri/'s law m5 7 liv+ 9 h>mony ) x4 ,& x end$ 9 ! _w's beg9n+ to lead a life worse ?an ! life ( ! hea!n1 & ! *ur*'s d>+ n only to ju/ify su* a life b ev5 to ass]t t ?is 0 precisely :at correspond$ to ,*ri/'s tea*+4#hfd ,p>ticul>ly diff]5t f ,*ri/'s tea*+ is ! *ur* cre$1#hfe--t is1 ! totality ( ! utt]ly incompreh5sible & !re=e useless dogmas4#hff ,( a ,god1 ext]nal creator1 orig9 ( all orig9s1 we "k no?+2#hfg ,god is ! _s 9 man1#hfh 8 consci5ce1#hfi ! k ( life2#hgj e man recognizes 9 himself a free rational _s indep5d5t ( ! fle%3 ?is _s is :at we call ,god4#hga ,*ri/ 0 a man1#hgb ! son ( an unkn[n fa!r2 z he did n "k 8 fa!r1 9 8 *ildhood he call$ ,god 8 fa!r2#hgc & he 0 a son ( ,god z to 8 _s1 z e man is a son ( ,god1#hgd he embodi$ ,man confess+ 8 son%ip ( ,god4#hge ,^? :o ass]t t ,*ri/ pr(ess$ to r$eem ) 8 blood mank9d fall5 by ,adam1 t ,god is a tr9ity1 t ! ,holy ,_s desc5d$ ^u ! apo/les & t x passes to ! prie/ by ! lay+ on ( h&s1 t sev5 my/]ies are necess>y to salvation1 & s =?1#hgf prea* doctr9es utt]ly ali5 to ,*ri/4#hgg ,nev] did ,*ri/ ) a s+le ^w atte/ ! p]sonal resurrection & ! immortality ( man beyond ! grave1#hgh :i* inde$ is a v l[ & co>se idea2#hgi ! ,asc5sion & ! ,resurrection are to be c\nt$ among ! mo/ objectionable miracles4#hhj ,tol/oi accepts ,*ri/'s tea*+ z valid n on ! gr\nd ( fai? 9 a revelation1 b solely = its rationality4 ,fai? 9 a revelation 0 ! ma9 reason :y ! tea*+ 0 at fir/ misund]/ood & lat] mutilat$ outright4#hha ,fai? 9 ,*ri/ is n a tru/+ 9 some?+ relat$ to ,*ri/1 b ! k ( ! tru?4#hhb ',!re is a law ( evolution1 & !re=e "o mu/ live only 8 own p]sonal life & leave ! re/ to ! law ( evolution1' is ! la/ ^w ( ! ref9$ culture ( our day1 &1 at ! same "t1 ( t obscuration ( consci\sness to :i* ! cultur$ classes are a prey4#hhc ,b human life1 f gett+ up 9 ! morn+ to go+ to b$ at night1 is an unbrok5 s]ies ( actions2 man mu/ daily *oose out f hundr$s ( actions possible to him ^? actions :i* he w p]=m2 !re=e1 man _c live )\t some?+ to guide ! *oice ( 8 actions4#hhd ,n[1 reason alone c (f] him ?is guide4 ,reason is t law1 recogniz$ by man1 accord+ to :i* 8 life is to be accompli%$4#hhe ,if !re is no high] reason1--& su* !re is n1 nor c any?+ prove its exi/5ce1--!n my reason is ! supreme judge ( my life4#hhf ,! ev]-increas+ subjugation#hhg ( ! be/ial p]sonality to ! rational consci\sness#hhh is ! true life1#hhi is life#hij z oppos$ to m]e exi/5ce4#hia ,x us$ to be said1 ',d n argue1 b believe 9 ! duty t we h prescrib$ to y2 reason w deceive y2 fai? alone w br+ y ! true happ9ess ( life4' ,& ! man ex]t$ himself to believe1 & he believ$4 ,b int]c\rse ) o!r m5 %[$ him t 9 _m cases ^! believ$ some?+ q diff]5t1 & ass]t$ t ?is o!r fai? be/[$ ! highe/ happ9ess4 ,x has become unavoidable to decide ! "q :i* ( ! _m fai?s is ! "r "o2 & only reason c decide ?is4#hib ,if ! ,buddhi/ :o has le>n$ to "k ,islam rema9s a ,buddhi/1 he is no long] a ,buddhi/ 9 fai? b 9 reason4 ,z soon z ano!r fai? comes up be=e him1 & ) x ! "q :e!r to reject 8 fai? or ?is o!r1 reason alone c give him an answ]4 ,if he has le>n$ to "k ,islam & has /ill rema9$ a ,buddhi/1 !n rational conviction has tak5 ! place ( 8 =m] bl9d fai? 9 ,buddha4#hic ,man recognizes tru? only by reason1 n by fai?4#hid ,! law ( reason reveals itself to m5 gradually4#hie ,eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago !re appe>$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! pagan ,roman _w a rem>kable new tea*+1 :i* 0 n comp>able to any t _h prec$$ x1 & :i* 0 ascrib$ to a man call$ ,*ri/4#hif ,?is tea*+ conta9s ! v /ricte/1 pure/1 & complete/#hig appreh5sion ( ! law ( reason to :i* ! human m9d has hi!rto rais$ itself4#hih ,*ri/'s tea*+ is reason itself2#hii x mu/ be accept$ by m5 because x alone gives ^? rules ( life )\t :i* no man ev] has liv$ or c live1 if he w\ld live z a man1--t is1 ) reason4#ijj ,man has1 on ! basis ( reason1 no "r to refuse allegiance to x4#ija #b4 ,*ri/'s tea*+ sets up love z ! supreme law = u4 ,:at is love8 ,:at m5 :o d n und]/& life call 'love' is only ! giv+ to c]ta9 conditions ( _! p]sonal com=t a pref]5ce ov] any o!rs4 ,:5 ! man :o does n und]/& life says t he loves 8 wife or *ild or fri5d1 he means by ?is only t 8 wife's1 *ild's1 or fri5d's pres5ce 9 8 life height5s 8 p]sonal com=t4#ijb ,true love is always r5unciation ( "o's p]sonal com=t#ijc = a neighbor's sake4 ,true love is a condition ( wi%+ well to all m51 su* z commonly *>act]izes *ildr5 b is produc$ 9 gr[n m5 only by self-abnegation4#ijd ,:at liv+ man does n "k ! happy feel+1 ev5 if he has felt x only once & 9 mo/ cases only 9 e>lie/ *ildhood1 ( t emotion 9 :i* "o wi%es to love ev]ybody1 neighbors & fa!r & "m & bro!rs & bad m5 & enemies & dog & horse & grass2 "o wi%es only "o ?+1 t x 7 well ) all1 t all 7 happy2 & /ill m does "o wi% t he 7 himself capable ( mak+ all happy1 "o wi%es he might give himself1 give 8 :ole life1 t all might be well (f & enjoy !mselves4 ,j ?is1 ?is alone1 is t love 9 :i* man's life consi/s4#ije ,true love is an ideal ( full1 inf9ite1 div9e p]fection4#ijf ,div9e p]fection is ! asymptote ( human life1 t[>d :i* x con/antly /rives1 to :i* x draws ne>] & ne>]1 b :i* c be atta9$ only at inf9ity4#ijg ,true life1 accord+ to previ\s tea*+s1 consi/s 9 ! fulfill+ ( comm&m5ts1 ! fulfill+ ( ! law2 accord+ to ,*ri/'s tea*+ x consi/s 9 ! maximum approa* to ! div9e p]fection :i* has be5 exhibit$1 & :i* is felt 9 himself by e man4#ijh ,accord+ to ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 love is our highe/ law4 ,! comm&m5t ( love is ! expression ( ! inmo/ he>t ( ! tea*+4#iji ,!re are ?ree conceptions ( life1 & only ?ree3 fir/ ! p]sonal or be/ial1 second ! social or hea!ni%1#iaj ?ird ! ,*ri/ian or div9e4#iaa ,! man ( ! be/ial conception ( life1 ! savage1 ackn[l$ges life only 9 himself2 ! ma9spr+ ( 8 life is p]sonal enjoym5t4 ,! hea!ni%1 social man recognizes life no long] 9 himself alone1 b 9 a community ( p]sons1 9 ! tribe1 ! family1 ! race1 ! ,/ate2 ! ma9spr+ ( 8 life is reputation4 ,! man ( ! div9e conception ( life ackn[l$ges life no long] 9 8 p]son1 nor yet 9 a community ( p]sons1 b 9 ! prime s\rce ( et]nal1 nev]-dy+ life--9 ,god2 ! ma9spr+ ( 8 life is love4#iab ,t love is our supreme law accord+ to ,*ri/'s tea*+ means no?+ else ?an t x is su* accord+ to reason4 ,z e>ly z #aheb ,tol/oi gives utt]ance to ! ?\ght ,t love & b5efic5ce are tru? is ! only tru? on e>?1#iac & mu* lat]1 9 #ahhg1 he calls love man's only rational activity1#iad t :i* resolves all ! contradictions ( human life4#iae ,love aboli%es ! ins5sate activity direct$ to ! fill+ ( ! bottomless tub ( our be/ial p]sonality1#iaf does away ) ! fooli% fight betwe5 be+s t /rive aft] _! own happ9ess1#iag gives a mean+ indep5d5t ( space & "t to life1 :i* )\t x w\ld fl[ (f )\t mean+ 9 ! face ( dea?4#iah #c4 ,f ! law ( love ,*ri/'s tea*+ d]ives ! comm&m5t n to resi/ evil by =ce4 ',resi/ n evil' means 'nev] resi/ ! evil man'1 t is1 'nev] d viol5ce to ano!r'1 t is1 'nev] commit an act t is contr>y to love'4#iai ,*ri/ expressly d]iv$ ?is comm&m5t f ! law ( love4 ,he gave num]\s comm&m5ts1 among :i* five 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt are notable2 ^! comm&m5ts d n con/itute ! tea*+1 !y only =m "o ( ! numb]less /ages ( approa* to p]fection2#ibj !y are all negative1 & only %[#iba :at at mank9d's pres5t age#ibb we h already ! full possibility ( n do+1 along ! road by :i* we are /riv+ to rea* p]fection4#ibc ,! fir/ ( ! five comm&m5ts ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt reads ,keep ! peace ) all1 & if ! peace is brok5 use e ef=t to re/ore x2#ibd ! second says ,let ! man take only "o woman & ! woman only "o man1 & let nei!r =sake ! o!r "u any pretext2#ibe ! ?ird1 make no v[s2#ibf ! f\r?1 endure injury1 return n evil = evil2#ibg ! fif?1 break n ! peace to b5efit ?y p4#ibh ,among ^! comm&m5ts ! f\r? is ! mo/ important2 x is enunciat$ 9 ! fif? *apt] ( ,mat!w1 v]ses #ch-i3 ,ye h he>d t x 0 said1 ,eye = eye1 & too? = too?4 ,b ,i say to y1 ,resi/ n evil4#ibi ,tol/oi tells h[ to him ?is passage became ! key ( ! :ole4#icj ,i ne$$ only to take ^! words simply & d[nrightly1 z !y 7 spok51 & at once ev]y?+ 9 ,*ri/'s :ole tea*+ t _h seem$ confus$ to me1 n only 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt b 9 ! ,gospels altoge!r1 0 compreh5sible to me1 & ev]y?+ t _h be5 contradictory agre$1 & ! ma9 gi/ appe>$ no long] useless b a necessity2 ev]y?+ =m$ a :ole1 & ! "o confirm$ ! o!r pa/ a d\bt1 l ! pieces ( a %att]$ column t "o has rightly put toge!r4#ica ,! pr9ciple ( non-resi/ance b9ds toge!r ! entire tea*+ into a :ole2 b only :5 x is no m]e dictum b a p]emptory rule1 a law4#icb ,x is really ! key t op5s ev]y?+1 b only :5 x goes into ! inmo/ ( ! lock4#icc ,we mu/ necess>ily d]ive ! comm&m5t n to resi/ evil by =ce f ! law ( love4 ,= ?is dem&s t ei!r a sure1 indisputable crit]ion ( evil be f\nd1 or all viol5t resi/ance to evil be ab&on$4#icd ,hi!rto x has be5 ! bus9ess n[ ( ! pope1 n[ ( an emp]or or k+1 n[ ( an assembly ( elect$ repres5tatives1 n[ ( ! :ole nation1 to decide :at 0 to be rat$ z an evil & combat$ by viol5t resi/ance4 ,b !re h always be5 m51 bo? )\t & )9 ! ,/ate1 :o h n ackn[l$g$ z b9d+ ^u !m ei!r ! decisions t 7 giv5 out z div9e comm&m5ts or ! decisions ( ! m5 :o 7 clo!d ) sanctity or ! in/itutions t 7 suppos$ to repres5t ! w ( ! p2 m5 :o reg>d$ z good :at to ! p[]s t be appe>$ evil1 & :o1 9 opposition to ! =ce ( ^! p[]s1 likewise made use ( =ce4 ,! m5 :o 7 clo!d ) sanctity reg>d$ z an evil :at appe>$ good to ! m5 & in/itutions t 7 clo!d ) secul> au?ority1 & ! combat grew ev] %>p] & %>p]4 ,?us x came to :at x has come to to-day1 to ! complete obvi\sness ( ! fact t !re is n & _c be a g5]ally b9d+ ext]nal def9ition ( evil4#ice ,b f ?is foll[s ! necessity ( accept+ ! solution giv5 by ,*ri/4#icf ,accord+ to ,tol/oi1 ! precept ( non-resi/ance mu/ n be tak5 z if x =bade e combat aga9/ evil4#icg ,x =bids only ! combat+ ( evil by =ce4#ich ,b ?is x =bids 9 ! broade/ s5se4 ,x ref]s1 !re=e1 n only to evil practis$ aga9/ ourselves1 b also to evil practis$ aga9/ our fell[-m52#ici :5 ,pet] cut (f ! e> ( ! high prie/'s s]vant1 he 0 def5d+ n himself b 8 belov$ div9e ,tea*]1 b ,*ri/ =bade him outright & said ',all :o take ! sword w p]i% by ! sword4'#idj ,nor does ! precept say t only a "p ( m5 are "u obligation to submit )\t a conte/ to :at is prescrib$ to !m by c]ta9 au?orities1#ida b x =bids ev]ybody1 !re=e ev5 ^? 9 :om p[] is ve/$1 & ^! especially1 to use =ce 9 any case aga9/ anybody4#idb #c4--,,law ,i4 ,= love's sake1 p>ticul>ly on ! gr\nd ( ! comm&m5t n to resi/ evil by =ce1 ,tol/oi rejects law2 n unconditionally1 inde$1 b z an in/itution = ! m highly develop$ peoples ( our "t4 ,to be sure1 he speaks only ( enact$ laws2 b he means all law1#idc = he rejects on pr9ciple e norm bas$ on ! w ( m51#idd upheld by human =ce1#ide especially by c\rts1#idf capable ( deviat+ f ! moral law1#idg ( be+ diff]5t 9 diff]5t t]ritories1#idh & ( be+ at any "t arbitr>ily *ang$4#idi ,p]haps once ^u a "t law 0 bett] ?an its non-exi/5ce4 ,law is upheld by viol5ce2#iej on ! o!r h&1 x gu>ds aga9/ viol5ce ( individuals to ea* o!r2#iea p]haps !re 0 once a "t :5 ! =m] viol5ce 0 less ?an ! latt]4#ieb ,n[1 at any rate1 ?is "t is pa/ = u2 mann]s h gr[n mild]2 ! m5 ( our "t ackn[l$ge ! comm&m5ts ( philan?ropy1 ( sympa?y ) "o's neighbor1 & ask only ! possibility ( quiet1 peaceable life4#iec ,law (f5ds aga9/ ! comm&m5t n to resi/ evil by =ce4#ied ,*ri/ decl>$ ?is4 ,! words ,judge n1 t ye be n judg$ 7,matt4 #g4a71 ,condemn n1 & ye %all n be condemn$ 7,luke #f4cg71 mean n only 'd n judge y\r neighbor 9 words1' b also 'd n condemn him by act2 d n judge y\r neighbor accord+ to y\r human laws by y\r c\rts4'#iee ,*ri/ "h speaks n m]ely ( e individual's p]sonal relation to ! c\rt1#ief b rejects ! adm9i/ration ( law itself4#ieg ,he says1 ',y believe t y\r laws bett] ! evil2 !y only make x great]2 !re is only "o way to *eck evil1 & ?is consi/s 9 return+ good = evil1 do+ good to all )\t discrim9ation4'#ieh ,& my he>t & my reason#iei say to me ! same z ,*ri/ says4 ,b ?is is n ! only objection to be made aga9/ law4 ,au?ority condemns 9 ! rigid =m ( law only :at public op9ion has 9 mo/ cases long s9ce disall[$ & condemn$2 )al1 public op9ion disall[s & condemns all actions t are contr>y to ! moral law1 b ! law condemns & prosecutes only ! actions includ$ )9 c]ta9 q def9ite & v n>r[ limits1 & !reby1 9 a measure1 ju/ifies all simil> actions t d n come )9 ^! limits4 ,ev] s9ce ,moses's day public op9ion has reg>d$ selfi%ness1 s5suality1 & cruelty z evils & has condemn$ x2 x has repudiat$ & condemn$ e =m ( selfi%ness1 n only ! appropriation ( o!rs' prop]ty by =ce1 fraud1 or guile1 b exploitation altoge!r2 x has condemn$ e sort ( un*a/ity1 be x ) a concub9e1 a slave1 a divorc$ woman1 or ev5 ) "o's own wife2 x has condemn$ all cruelty1 z x f9ds expression 9 ! ill-treat+1 />v+1 & kill+ n only ( m5 b ( animals too4 ,b ! law prosecutes only p>ticul> =ms ( selfi%ness1 l !ft & fraud1 & only p>ticul> =ms ( un*a/ity & cruelty1 l m>ital infidelity1 murd]1 & mayhem2 !re=e1 9 a measure1 x p]mits all ! =ms ( selfi%ness1 un*a/ity1 & cruelty t d n come "u its n>r[ def9itions inspir$ by a false conception4#ifj ,! ,jew c\ld easily submit to 8 laws1 = he did n d\bt t !y 7 writt5 by ,god's f+]2 likewise ! ,roman1 z he ?\ght !y orig9at$ f ! nymph ,eg]ia2 & man 9 g5]al s long z he reg>d$ ! pr9ces :o gave him laws z ,god's ano9t$1 or believ$ t ! legislat+ assemblies _h ! wi% & ! capacity to make ! be/ laws4#ifa ,b z e>ly z ! "t :5 ,*ri/ianity made its appe>ance m5 7 beg9n+ to compreh5d t human laws 7 writt5 by m52 t m51 :atev] outw>d spl5dor may en%r\d !m1 _c be infallible1 & t err+ m5 d n become infallible ev5 by gett+ toge!r & call+ !mselves ',s5ate' or some?+ else4#ifb ,we "k h[ laws are made2 we h all be5 beh9d ! sc5es2 we all "k t ! laws are products ( selfi%ness1 deception1 p>tisan%ip1 t true ju/ice does n & _c dwell 9 !m4#ifc ,!re=e ! recognition ( any special laws is a sign ( ! crasse/ ignorance4#ifd ,,ii4 ,love requires t 9 place ( law x itself be ! law = m54 ,f ?is x foll[s t in/ead ( law ,*ri/'s comm&m5ts %\ld be our rule ( action4#ife ,b ?is is ! ,k+dom ( ,god on e>?4#iff ,:5 ! day & ! h\r ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god appe>1 dep5ds on m5 !mselves alone4#ifg ,ea* mu/ only beg9 to d :at we mu/ d1 & cease to d :at we mu/ n d1 & ! ne> future w br+ ! promis$ ,k+dom ( ,god4#ifh ,if only ev]ybody w\ld be> witness1 9 ! measure ( 8 /r5g?1 to ! tru? t he kn[s1 or at lea/ n def5d z tru? ! untru? 9 :i* he lives1 !n 9 ?is v ye> #ahic !re w\ld take place su* *anges t[>d ! sett+ up ( tru? on e>? z we d>e n dream ( = c5turies to come4#ifi ,only a little ef=t m1 & ! ,galilean has won4#igj ,! ,k+dom ( ,god is n outside 9 ! _w1 b 9 man's s\l4#iga ,! ,k+dom ( ,god come? n ) outw>d %[2 nei!r w m5 say1 ',lo "h6' or1 ',!re6' =1 behold1 ! k+dom ( ,god is )9 y 7,luke #ag4bj74igb ,! ,k+dom ( ,god is no?+ else ?an ! foll[+ ( ,*ri/'s comm&m5ts1 especially ! five comm&m5ts ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1#igc :i* tell u h[ we mu/ act 9 our pres5t /age 9 ord] to correspond to ! ideal ( love z mu* z possible1#igd & :i* comm& u to keep ! peace & d ev]y?+ = its re/oration :5 x is brok51 to rema9 true to "o ano!r z man & wife1 to make no v[s1 to =give injury & n return evil = evil1 &1 f9ally1 n to break ! peace ) anybody = our p's sake4#ige ,b :at =m w outw>d life take 9 ! ,k+dom ( ,god8 ,! disciple ( ,*ri/ w be poor2 t is1 he w n live 9 ! city b 9 ! c\ntry2 he w n sit at home1 b "w 9 wood & field1 see ! sun%9e1 ! e>?1 ! sky1 & ! bea/s2 he w n worry ov] :at he is to eat to tempt 8 appetite1 & :at he c d to help 8 dige/ion1 b w be hungry ?ree times a day2 he w n roll on s(t cu%ions & ?9k ^u deliv]ance f insomnia1 b sleep2 he w be sick1 suff]1 & die l all m5--! poor :o are sick & die seem to h an easi] "t ( x ?an ! ri*--2#igf he w live 9 free fell[%ip ) all m52#igg ! ,k+dom ( ,god on e>? is ! peace ( m5 ) ea* o!r2 ?us x appe>$ to ! prophets1 & ?us x appe>s to e human he>t4#igh #d4--,,! ,,/ate ,,ii4 ,toge!r ) law ,tol/oi necess>ily has to reject also1 = ! m highly develop$ nations ( our "t1 ! legal in/itution ( ! ,/ate4 ,p]haps !re 0 once a "t :51 9 a l[ /ate ( morality ) a g5]al incl9ation ( m5 to mutual viol5ce1 ! exi/5ce ( a p[] limit+ ?is viol5ce 0 advantage\s--t is1 9 :i* ! ,/ate viol5ce 0 less ?an t ( individuals aga9/ ea* o!r4 ,b su* an advantage ( ,/ate viol5ce ov] its non-exi/5ce c\ld n la/2 ! m ! individuals' incl9ation to viol5ce decreas$ & mann]s grew mild]1 & ! m ! gov]nm5ts deg5]at$ by hav+ no?+ to *eck !m1 ! m wor?less did ,/ate viol5ce gr[4 ,9 ?is *ange--9 ! moral evolution ( ! masses on ! "o h& & ! deg5]ation ( ! gov]nm5ts on ! o!r--lies ! :ole hi/ory ( ! la/ two ?\s& ye>s4#igi ,i _c prove ei!r ! g5]al necessity ( ! ,/ate or its g5]al p]nici\sness1#ihj ,i "k only t on ! "o h& ! ,/ate is no long] necess>y = me1 & t on ! o!r h& ,i c no long] d ! ?+s t are necess>y = ! exi/5ce ( ! ,/ate4#iha ,*ri/ianity 9 its true significance aboli%es ! ,/ate1#ihb annihilates all gov]nm5t4#ihc ,! ,/ate (f5ds aga9/ love1 p>ticul>ly aga9/ ! comm&m5t n to resi/ evil by =ce4#ihd ,& n only ?is2 9 f\nd+ a dom9ion#ihe ! ,/ate fur!rmore (f5ds aga9/ ! pr9ciple t = love all m5 are ,god's sons & !re is equality among !m all2#ihf x is !re=e to be reject$ ev5 aside f ! viol5ce on :i* x is bas$ z a legal in/itution4 ,t ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ has an eye only to ! r$emption ( ! individual1 & does n relate to public que/ions & ,/ate affairs1 is a bold & unf\nd$ ass]tion4#ihg ,to e hone/1 e>ne/ man 9 our "t x mu/ be cle> t true ,*ri/ianity--! doctr9e ( humility1 =giv5ess1 love--is incompatible ) ! ,/ate & its haught9ess1 its de$s ( viol5ce1 its capital puni%m5ts & w>s4#ihh ,! ,/ate is an idol2#ihi its objectionabl5ess is indep5d5t ( its =m1 be ?is absolute mon>*y1 ! ,conv5tion1 ! ,consulate1 ! empire ( a fir/ or ?ird ,napoleon or yet ( a ,b\lang]1 con/itutional mon>*y1 ! ,commune1 or ! republic4#iij--,tol/oi c>ries ?is out into detail4 #a4 ,! ,/ate is ! rule ( ! bad1 rais$ to ! highe/ pit*4 ,! ,/ate is rule4 ,gov]nm5t 9 ! ,/ate is an association ( m5 :o d viol5ce to ! re/4#iia ,all gov]nm5ts1 ! despotic & ! lib]al alike1 h 9 our "t become :at ,h]z5 has s aptly call$ a ,j5ghis ,khan ) telegraphs4#iib ,! m5 9 :om ! p[] is ve/$ practise viol5ce n 9 ord] to ov]come evil1 b solely = _! advantage or f caprice2 & ! o!r m5 submit to ! viol5ce n because !y believe t x is practis$ = _! good1--t is1 9 ord] to lib]ate !m f evil1--b only because !y _c free !mselves f x4#iic ,if ,nice is unit$ ) ,france1 ,lorra9e ) ,g]many1 ,bohemia ) ,au/ria1 if ,pol& is divid$1 if bo? ,irel& & ,india are subject$ to ! ,engli% dom9ion1 if p fight ) ,*9a1 kill ! ,africans1 expel ! ,*9ese f ,am]ica1 & p]secute ! ,jews 9 ,russia1 x is n because ?is is good or necess>y or useful = m5 & ! opposite w\ld be evil1 b only because x s pleases ^? 9 :om ! p[] is ve/$4#iid ,! ,/ate is ! rule ( ! bad4#iie ',if ! ,/ate p[] 7 to be annihilat$1 ! wick$ w\ld rule ov] ! less wick$1' say ! def5d]s ( ,/ate rule4#iif ,b has ! p[]1 :5 x has pass$ f "s m5 to "s o!rs 9 ! ,/ate1 really always come to ! bett] m58 ,:5 ,l\is ! ,sixte5?1 ,robespi]re1 ,napoleon1 came to p[]1 :o rul$ !n1 ! bett] or ! worse8 ,:5 did ! bett] rule1 :5 ! p[] 0 ve/$ 9 ! ,v]saillese or 9 ! ,commun>ds1 :5 ,*>les ! ,fir/ or ,cromwell /ood at ! head ( ! gov]nm5t8 ,:5 ,pet] ! ,?ird 0 cz>1 & !n :5 aft] 8 murd] ! au?ority ( cz> 0 ex]cis$ 9 "o "p ( ,russia by ,ca?>9e & 9 ano!r by ,pugat*eff1 :o 0 wick$ !n & :o 0 good8 ,all m5 :o f9d !mselves 9 p[] ass]t t _! p[] is necess>y 9 ord] t ! wick$ may n d viol5ce to ! good1 & reg>d x z self-evid5t t !y are ! good & are giv+ ! re/ ( ! good protection aga9/ ! bad4#iig ,b 9 reality ^? :o grasp & hold ! p[] _c possibly be ! bett]4#iih ,9 ord] to obta9 & reta9 p[]1 "o mu/ love x4 ,b ! ef=t aft] p[] is n apt to be c\pl$ ) goodness1 b ) ! opposite qualities1 pride1 craft1 & cruelty4 ,)\t exalt+ self & abas+ o!rs1 )\t hypocrisy1 ly+1 prisons1 =tresses1 p5alties1 kill+1 no p[] c arise or hold its own4#iii ,x is d[nright ridicul\s to speak ( ,*ri/ians 9 p[]4#ajjj ,to ?is x is to be add$ t ! possession ( p[] depraves m54#ajja ,! m5 :o h ! p[] _c b misuse x2 !y mu/ infallibly be unsettl$ by su* frightful au?ority4#ajjb ,h[ev] _m means m5 h inv5t$ to h9d] ! possessors ( p[] f subord9at+ ! welf>e ( ! :ole to _! own advantage1 hi!rto n "o ( ^! means has work$4 ,ev]ybody kn[s t ^? 9 ^: h&s is ! p[]--be !y emp]ors1 m9i/]s1 *iefs ( police1 or common policem5--are1 j because ! p[] is 9 _! h&s1 m incl9$ to immorality1 to ! subord9at+ ( ! g5]al welf>e to _! advantage1 ?an ^? :o h no p[]2 nor c x be o!rwise4#ajjc ,! ,/ate is ! rule ( ! bad1 rais$ to ! highe/ pit*4 ,we %all always f9d t ! s*em+ ( ! possessors ( au?ority--nay1 _! unconsci\s ef=t--is direct$ t[>d weak5+ ! victims ( _! au?ority z mu* z possible2 =1 ! weak] ! victim is1 ! m easily c he be held d[n4#ajjd ,to-day !re is only "o sph]e ( human activity left t has n be5 conqu]$ by ! au?ority ( gov]nm5t3 ! sph]e ( ! family1 ( h\sekeep+1 private life1 labor4 ,& ev5 ?is sph]e1 ?anks to ! fight+ ( ! ,communi/s & ,sociali/s1 ! gov]nm5ts are already beg9n+ to invade1 s t soon1 if ! re=m]s h _! way1 "w & re/1 h\s+1 clo?+1 & food1 w likewise be fix$ & regulat$ by ! gov]nm5ts4#ajje ,! mo/ fe>ful b& ( robb]s is n s horrible z a ,/ate organization4 ,e robb] *ief is at any rate limit$ by ! fact t ! m5 :o make up 8 b& reta9 at lea/ a "p ( human lib]ty1 & c refuse to commit acts :i* are repugnant to _! consci5ces4#ajjf ,b 9 ! ,/ate !re is no su* limit2 no crime is s horrible t x w n be committ$ by ! (ficials & ! army at ! w ( him--,b\lang]1 ,pugat*eff1 ,napoleon--:o accid5tally /&s at ! head4#ajjg #b4 ,! rule 9 ! ,/ate is bas$ on physical =ce4 ,e gov]nm5t has = its prop ! fact t !re are 9 ! ,/ate arm$ m5 :o are ready to execute ! gov]nm5t's w by physical =ce1 a class educat$ to kill ^? ^: kill+ ! au?orities comm&4#ajjh ,su* m5 are ! police#ajji & especially ! army4#ajaj ,! army is no?+ else ?an a collectivity ( discipl9$ murd]]s1#ajaa its tra9+ is in/ruction 9 murd]+1#ajab its victories are de$s ( murd]4#ajac ,! army has always =m$ ! basis ( p[]1 & does to ?is day4 ,! p[] is always 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o comm& ! army1 &1 f ! ,roman ,caes>s to ! ,russian & ,g]man emp]ors1 all possessors ( p[] h always c>$ fir/ & =emo/ = _! armies4#ajad ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! army upholds ! gov]nm5t's rule aga9/ ext]nal assaults4 ,x protects x aga9/ hav+ ! rule tak5 f x by ano!r gov]nm5t4#ajae ,w> is no?+ b a conte/ ( two or m gov]nm5ts = ! rule ov] _! subjects4 ,x is impossible to e/abli% int]national peace 9 a rational way1 by treaty or arbitration1 s long z ! ins5sate & p]nici\s subjection ( nations to gov]nm5ts cont9ues to exi/4#ajaf ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is importance ( armies e ,/ate is compell$ to increase its army to face ! o!rs1 & ?is increase has ! effect ( a contagion1 z ,montesquieu obs]v$ a hundr$ & fifty ye>s s9ce4#ajag ,b1 if "o ?9ks armies are kept by gov]nm5ts only = ext]nal def5ce1 he =gets t gov]nm5ts ne$ armies p>ticul>ly to protect !m aga9/ _! oppress$ & enslav$ subjects4#ajah ,9 ! ,g]man ,rei*/ag lately1 9 reply to ! "q :y money 0 ne$$ 9 ord] to increase ! pay ( ! petty (fic]s1 ! *ancellor made ! direct /atem5t t reliable petty (fic]s 7 necess>y = ! combat+ ( ,socialism4 ,caprivi m]ely said out l\d :at ev]ybody kn[s1 c>efully z x is conceal$ f ! peoples1--! reason :y ! ,fr5* k+s & ! popes kept ,swiss & ,scots1 :y 9 ,russia ! recruits are s introduc$ t ! int]ior regim5ts get _! cont+5ts f ! fronti]s & ! fronti] regim5ts !irs f ! int]ior4 ,caprivi told1 by accid5t1 :at ev]ybody kn[s or at lea/ feels1--to wit1 t ! exi/+ ord] exi/s n because x mu/ exi/ or because ! p wills its exi/5ce1 b because ! gov]nm5t's =ce1 ! army ) its brib$ petty-(fic]s & (fic]s & g5]als1 keeps x up4#ajai #c4 ,! rule 9 ! ,/ate is bas$ on ! physical =ce ( ! rul$4 ,x is peculi> to gov]nm5t t x dem&s f ! citiz5s ! v =ce on :i* x is bas$1 & t consequ5tly 9 ! ,/ate all ! citiz5s are _! own oppressors4#ajbj ,! gov]nm5t dem&s f ! citiz5s bo? =ce & ! support+ ( =ce4 ,"h belongs ! obligation1 g5]al 9 ,russia1 to take an oa? at ! cz>'s accession to ! ?rone1 = by ?is oa? "o v[s ob$i5ce to ! au?orities1--t is1 to m5 :o are devot$ to viol5ce2 likewise ! obligation to pay taxes1 = ! taxes are us$ = works ( viol5ce1 & ! compulsory use ( passports1 = by tak+ out a passport "o ackn[l$ges 8 dep5d5ce on ! ,/ate's in/itution ( viol5ce2 )al ! obligation to te/ify 9 c\rt & to take "p 9 ! c\rt z juryman1 = e c\rt is ! fulfilm5t ( ! comm&m5t ( rev5ge2 fur!rmore1 ! obligation to police s]vice :i* 9 ,russia re/s ^u all ! c\ntry p1 = ?is s]vice dem&s t we d viol5ce to our bro!r & torm5t him2 & above all ! g5]al obligation to milit>y s]vice1--t is1 ! obligation to be execution]s & to prep>e ourselves = s]vice z execution]s4#ajba ,! un*ri/ianness ( ! ,/ate comes to light mo/ pla9ly 9 ! g5]al obligation to milit>y s]vice3 e man has to take 9 h& deadly weapons1 a gun1 a knife2 &1 if he does n h to kill1 at lea/ he does h to load ! gun & %>p5 ! knife1--t is1 be ready = kill+4#ajbb ,b h[ comes x t ! citiz5s fulfil ^! dem&s ( ! gov]nm5t1 ?\gh ! gov]nm5t is bas$ on ?is v fulfilm5t1 & s mutually oppress ea* o!r8 ,?is is possible only by a highly artificial organization1 creat$ ) ! help ( sci5tific progress1 9 :i* all m5 are bewit*$ into a circle ( viol5ce f :i* !y _c free !mselves4 ,at pres5t ?is circle consi/s ( f\r means ( influ5ce2 !y are all connect$ & hold ea* o!r1 l ! l9ks ( a *a94#ajbc ,! fir/ means is :at is be/ describ$ z ! hypnotization ( ! p4#ajbd ,?is hypnotization leads m5 to ! errone\s op9ion t ! exi/+ ord] is un*angeable & mu/ be upheld1 :ile 9 reality x is un*angeable only by its be+ upheld4#ajbe ,! hypnotization is accompli%$ by fom5t+ ! two =ms ( sup]/ition call$ religion & patriotism2#ajbf x beg9s its influ5ce ev5 9 *ildhood1 & cont9ues x till dea?4#ajbg ,) ref]5ce to ?is hypnotization "o may say t ,/ate au?ority is bas$ on ! fraudul5t mislead+ ( public op9ion4#ajbh ,! second means consi/s 9 brib]y2 t is1 9 tak+ f ! labor+ populace its weal?1 by money taxes1 & divid+ ?is among ! (ficials1 :o1 = ?is pay1 mu/ ma9ta9 & /r5g!n ! enslavem5t ( ! p4#ajbi ,! (ficials m or less believe 9 ! un*angeability ( ! exi/+ ord]1 ma9ly because x b5efits !m4#ajcj ,) ref]5ce to ?is brib]y "o may say t ,/ate au?ority is bas$ on ! selfi%ness ( ^? to :om x gu>antees pr(itable positions4#ajca ,! ?ird means is intimidation4 ,x consi/s 9 sett+ d[n ! pres5t ,/ate ord]--( :atev] sort1 be x a free republican ord] or be x ! mo/ grossly despotic--z some?+ sacr$ & un*angeable1 & impos+ ! mo/ frightful p5alties ^u e attempt to *ange x4#ajcb ,f9ally1 ! f\r? means is to sep>ate a c]ta9 "p ( all ! m5 :om !y h /upefi$ & bewit*$ by ! ?ree fir/ means1 & subject ^! m5 to special /rong] =ms ( /upefaction & be/ialization1 s t !y become w-less tools ( e brutality & cruelty t ! gov]nm5t sees fit to resolve ^u4#ajcc ,?is is done 9 ! army1 to :i*1 at pres5t1 all "y m5 belong by virtue ( ! g5]al obligation to milit>y s]vice4#ajcd ,) ?is ! circle ( viol5ce is made complete4 ,intimidation1 brib]y1 hypnosis1 br+ m5 to enli/ z soldi]s4 ,! soldi]s1 9 turn1 af=d ! possibility ( puni%+ m51 plund]+ !m 9 ord] to bribe (ficials ) ! money1 hypnotiz+ !m1 & ?us br++ !m into ! ranks ( ! v soldi]s on :om ! p[] = all ?is is bas$4#ajce ,,ii4 ,love requires t a social life bas$ solely on its comm&m5ts take ! place ( ! ,/ate4 ,to-day e man :o ?9ks1 h[ev] little1 sees ! impossibility ( keep+ on ) ! life hi!rto liv$1 & ! necessity ( det]m9+ new =ms ( life4#ajcf ,! ,*ri/ian humanity ( our "t mu/ unconditionally r5\nce ! hea!n =ms ( life t x condemns1 & set up a new life on ! ,*ri/ian bases t x recognizes4#ajcg #a4 ,ev5 aft] ! ,/ate is done away1 m5 are to live 9 societies4 ,b :at is to hold !m toge!r 9 ^! societies8 ,n a promise1 at any rate4 ,*ri/ comm&s u to make no v[s1#ajch to promise m5 no?+4#ajci ,! ,*ri/ian _c promise t he w d or n d a p>ticul> ?+ at a p>ticul> h\r1 because he _c "k :at ! law ( love1 :i* x is ! mean+ ( 8 life to obey1 w dem& ( him at t h\r4#ajdj ,& /ill less c he give 8 ^w to fulfil somebody's w1 )\t kn[+ :at ! sub/ance ( ?is w is to be2#ajda by ! m]e fact ( su* a promise he w\ld make x manife/ t ! inw>d div9e law is no long] ! sole law ( 8 life2#ajdb "o _c s]ve two ma/]s4#ajdc ,m5 are to be held toge!r 9 societies 9 future by ! m5tal influ5ce :i* ! m5 :o h made progress 9 k ex]t ^u ! less advanc$4 ,m5tal influ5ce is su* a way ( work+ ^u a man t by x 8 wi%es *ange & co9cide ) :at is want$ ( him2 ! man :o yields to a m5tal influ5ce acts accord+ to 8 own wi%es4#ajdd ,n[1 ! =ce by :i* m5 c live 9 societies#ajde is f\nd 9 ! m5tal influ5ce :i* ! m5 :o h made progress 9 k ex]t ^u ! less advanc$1 9 ! *>act]i/ic ( little-?9k+ m51 t !y subord9ate !mselves to ! directions ( ^? :o /& on a high] level ( k4#ajdf ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is *>act]i/ic a body ( m5 put !mselves "u ! same rational pr9ciples1 ! m9ority consci\sly1 because ! pr9ciples agree ) ! dem&s ( _! reason1 & ! majority unconsci\sly1 because ! pr9ciples h become public op9ion4#ajdg ,9 ?is subord9ation !re is no?+ irrational or self-contradictory4#ajdh #b4 ,b 9 ! future societ>y condition h[ %all ! functions :i* ! ,/ate at pres5t p]=ms be p]=m$8 ,"h p usually h ?ree ?+s 9 m9d4#ajdi ,fir/1 protection aga9/ ! bad m5 9 our mid/4#ajej ,b :o are ! bad m5 among u8 ,if !re once 7 su* m5 ?ree or f\r c5turies ago1 :5 p /ill p>ad$ w>like arts & equipm5ts & look$ ^u kill+ z a brilliant de$1 !y are gone to-day anyh[2 nobody any long] c>ries weapons1 ev]ybody ackn[l$ges ! comm&s ( philan?ropy4 ,b1 if by ! m5 f :om ! ,/ate mu/ protect u we mean ! crim9als1 !n we "k t !y are n special creatures l ! wolf among ! %eep1 b j su* m5 z all ( u1 :o l committ+ crimes z little z we d2 we "k t ! activity ( gov]nm5ts ) _! cruel =ms ( puni%m5t1 :i* d n correspond to ! pres5t /age ( morality1 _! prisons1 tortures1 gall[s1 guillot9es1 contributes m to ! b>b>iz+ ( ! p ?an to _! culture1 & h5ce r to ! multiplication ?an to ! dim9ution ( su* crim9als4#ajea ,if we are ,*ri/ians & />t f ! pr9ciple t :at our life exi/s = is ! s]v+ ( o!rs1 !n no "o w be fooli% en\gh to rob m5 t s]ve him ( _! means ( support or to kill !m4 ,miklu*o-,maclay settl$ among ! wilde/ s-call$ 'savages'1 & !y n only left him alive b lov$ him & submitt$ to 8 au?ority1 solely because he did n fe> !m1 ask$ no?+ ( !m1 & did !m good4#ajeb ,secondly1 ! "q is ask$ h[ 9 ! future societ>y condition we c f9d protection aga9/ ext]nal enemies4#ajec ,b we d "k t ! nations ( ,europe pr(ess ! pr9ciples ( lib]ty & frat]nity1 & !re=e ne$ no protection aga9/ ea* o!r2 b1 if x 7 a protection aga9/ ! b>b>ians t 0 meant1 a ?\s&? "p ( ! armies t are n[ kept up w\ld suffice4 ,/ate au?ority n m]ely leaves 9 exi/5ce ! dang] ( ho/ile attacks1 b ev5 itself provokes ?is dang]4#ajed ,b1 if !re exi/$ a community ( ,*ri/ians :o did evil to nobody & gave to o!rs all ! sup]flu\s products ( _! labor1 !n no enemy1 nei!r ! ,g]man nor ! ,turk nor ! savage1 w\ld kill or vex su* m52 all "o c\ld d w\ld be to take f !m :at !y 7 ready to give volunt>ily )\t di/+ui%+ betwe5 ,russians1 ,g]mans1 ,turks1 & savages4#ajee ,?irdly1 ! "q is ask$ h[ 9 ! future societ>y condition in/itutions = education1 popul> culture1 religion1 comm]ce1 etc4 are to be possible4#ajef ,p]haps !re 0 once a "t :5 m5 liv$ s f> ap>t1 :5 ! means = com+ toge!r & ex*ang+ ?\ghts 7 s undevelop$1 t p c\ld n1 )\t a ,/ate c5tre1 discuss & agree on any matt] ei!r ( trade & economy or ( culture4 ,b to-day ?is sep>ation no long] exi/s2 ! means ( int]c\rse h develop$ extraord9>ily2 = ! =m+ ( societies1 associations1 corporations1 = ! ga!r+ ( congresses & ! creation ( economic & political in/itutions1 gov]nm5ts are n ne$$2 nay1 9 mo/ cases !y are r a h9drance ?an a help t[>d ! atta9m5t ( su* ends4#ajeg #c4 ,b :at =m w m5's life toge!r 9 ! future societ>y condition take 9 detail8 ,! future w be z circum/ances & m5 %all make x4#ajeh ,we are n at ?is mom5t able to get p]fectly cle> ideas ( x4#ajei ,m5 say1 ',:at w ! new ord]s be l1 t are to take ! place ( ! pres5t ones8 ,s long z we d n "k :at =m our life w take 9 future1 we w n g =w>d1 we w n /ir f ?is spot4'#ajfj ,if ,columbus _h gone to mak+ su* obs]vations1 he w\ld nev] h weigh$ an*or4 ,x 0 insanity to /e] across an ocean t no man _h ev] yet sail$ ^u t[>d a l& ^: exi/5ce 0 a "q4 ,) ?is insanity1 he discov]$ ! ,new ,_w4 ,x w\ld c]ta9ly be m conv5i5t if nations _h no?+ to d b move out ( "o ready-furni%$ mansion into ano!r & a bett]2 only1 by bad luck1 !re is nobody !re to furni% ! new qu>t]s4#ajfa ,b :at disquiets m5 9 _! imag9+ ( ! future is less ! "q ',:at w be8' ,!y are torm5t$ by ! "q ',h[ are we to live )\t all ! famili> conditions ( our exi/5ce1 t are call$ sci5ce1 art1 civilization1 culture8'#ajfb ,b all ^!1 be> 9 m9d1 are only =ms 9 :i* tru? appe>s4 ,! *ange t lies be=e u w be an approa* to ! tru? & its realization4 ,h[ c ! =ms 9 :i* tru? appe>s be br\ght to naught by an approa* to ! tru?8 ,!y w be made diff]5t1 bett]1 high]1 b by no means w !y be br\ght to naught4 ,only t :i* 0 false 9 ! =ms ( its appe>ance hi!rto w be br\ght to naught2 :at 0 g5u9e w b unfold itself ! m spl5didly4#ajfc ,if ! individual man's life 7 completely kn[n to him :5 he passes f "o /age ( maturity to ano!r1 he w\ld h no reason = liv+4 ,s x is ) ! life ( mank9d too2 if at its entrance ^u a new /age ( gr[? a programme lay be=e x already drawn up1 ?is w\ld be ! sure/ sign t x 0 n alive1 n progress+1 b t x 0 /ick+ at "o po9t4 ,! details ( a new ord] ( life _c be kn[n to u1 !y h to be work$ out by u ourselves4 ,life consi/s only 9 le>n+ to "k ! unkn[n1 & putt+ our action 9 h>mony ) ! new k4 ,9 ?is consi/s ! life ( ! individual1 9 ?is ! life ( human societies & ( humanity4#ajfd #e4--,,prop]ty ,i4 ,toge!r ) law ,tol/oi necess>ily has to reject also1 = ! m highly develop$ nations ( our "t1 ! legal in/itution ( prop]ty4 ,p]haps !re 0 once a "t :5 ! viol5ce necess>y to secure ! individual 9 ! possession ( a piece ( goods aga9/ all o!rs 0 less ?an ! viol5ce :i* w\ld h be5 practis$ 9 a g5]al fight = ! possession ( ! goods1 s t ! exi/5ce ( prop]ty 0 bett] ?an its non-exi/5ce4 ,b at any rate ?is "t is pa/1 ! exi/+ ord] has liv$ out its "t2#ajfe among ! m5 ( to-day no wild fight = ! possession ( goods w\ld break out ev5 if !re 7 no prop]ty2 !y all pr(ess allegiance to ! comm&s ( philan?ropy1#ajff ea* ( !m kn[s t all m5 h equal rights 9 ! goods ( ! _w1#ajfg & already we see _m a ri* man r5\nce 8 inh]itance f a specially delicate s5se ( g]m9ant public op9ion4#ajfh ,prop]ty (f5ds aga9/ love1 especially aga9/ ! comm&m5t n to resi/ evil by =ce4#ajfi ,b n only ?is2 9 f\nd+ a dom9ion ( possessors ov] non-possessors x also (f5ds aga9/ ! pr9ciple t = love all m5 are ,god's sons & !re is equality among !m all2#ajgj & x is !re=e to be reject$1 ev5 aside f ! viol5ce on :i* x is bas$ z a legal in/itution4 ,! ri* are "u guilt by ! v fact t !y are ri*4#ajga ,x is a crime#ajgb t t5s ( ?\s&s ( hungry1 cold1 deeply degrad$ human be+s are liv+ 9 ,mosc[1 :ile ,i ) a few ?\s& o!rs h t5d]lo9 & /urgeon = d9n] & cov] horses & floors ) blankets & c>pets4#ajgc ,i %all be an accomplice 9 ?is un5d+ & un9t]rupt$ crime s long z ,i /ill h a sup]flu\s bit ( bread :ile ano!r has no bread at all1 or /ill possess two g>m5ts :ile ano!r does n possess ev5 "o4#ajgd--,tol/oi c>ries ?is out into detail4 #a4 ,prop]ty means ! dom9ion ( ! possessors ov] ! non-possessors4 ,prop]ty is ! exclusive "r to use "s ?+s1 :e!r "o actually uses !m or n4#ajge ,_m ( ! m5 :o call$ me _! horse1 ,tol/oi makes ! horse ,l95-,measur] say1 did n ride me2 q diff]5t m5 rode me4 ,nor did !y fe$ me2 q diff]5t m5 f$ me4 ,nor 0 x ^? :o call$ me _! horse t did me k9dnesses1 b coa*m51 vet]9>y surgeons1 /rang]s altoge!r4 ,lat]1 :5 ! circle ( my obs]vations grew wid]1 ,i conv9c$ myself t ! idea 'm9e1' :i* has no o!r basis ?an m5's l[ & be/ial prop5sity :i* !y call 's5se ( own]%ip' or '"r ( prop]ty1' f9ds application n only ) respect to u horses4 ,a man says '?is h\se is m9e' & nev] lives 9 x1 he only att5ds to ! build+ & repair ( ! h\se4 ,a m]*ant says 'my /ore1 my dry-goods /ore1' & 8 clo?+ is n ( ! be/ fabrics he has 9 8 /ore4 ,!re are m5 :o call a piece ( l& 'm9e' & h nev] se5 ?is piece ( l& nor set foot on x4 ,:at m5 aim at 9 life is n to d :at !y ?9k good1 b to call z _m ?+s z possible 'm9e4'#ajgf ,b ! significance ( prop]ty consi/s 9 ! fact t ! poor man :o has no prop]ty is dep5d5t on ! ri* man :o has prop]ty2 9 ord] to come by ! ?+s :i* he ne$s = 8 liv+1 b :i* belong to ano!r1 he mu/ d :at ?is o!r wills--9 p>ticul>1 he mu/ "w = him4 ,?us prop]ty divides m5 into two ca/es1 an oppress$ labor+ ca/e t fami%es & suff]s & an idle oppress+ ca/e t enjoys & lives 9 sup]fluity4#ajgg ,we are all bro!rs1 & yet e morn+ my bro!r or my si/] c>ries out my di%es4 ,we are all bro!rs1 b e morn+ ,i h to h my cig>1 my sug>1 my mirror1 & o!r su* ?+s1 9 ^: production heal?y bro!rs & si/]s1 p l me1 h sacrific$ & are sacrific+ _! heal?4#ajgh ,i sp5d my :ole life 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,i eat1 talk1 & li/52 eat1 write1 & read--t is1 talk & li/5 aga92 eat & play2 eat1 talk1 & li/5 aga92 eat & g to b$2 & s x goes on1 "o day l ano!r4 ,i _c d1 d n "k h[ to d1 any?+ beyond ?is4 ,&1 t ,i may be able to d ?is1 ! port]1 ! f>m]1 ! cook1 ! cook's maid1 ! lackey1 ! coa*man1 ! laundress1 mu/ "w f morn+ till night1 n to speak ( ! "w ( o!r m5 :i* is necess>y 9 ord] t ^? coa*m51 cooks1 lackeys1 & s on may h all t !y ne$ :5 !y "w = me--! axes1 b>rels1 bru%es1 di%es1 furniture1 likewise ! wax1 ! black+1 ! k]os5e1 ! hay1 ! wood1 ! beef4 ,all ( !m h to "w day by day1 e>ly & late1 t ,i may be able to talk1 eat1 & sleep4#ajgi ,?is significance ( prop]ty makes itself especially felt 9 ! case ( ! ?+s t are necess>y = ! produc+ ( o!r ?+s1 & s mo/ notably 9 ! case ( l& & tools4#ajhj ,!re c be no f>m] )\t l& t he tills1 )\t scy!s1 wagons1 & horses2 no %oemak] is possible )\t a h\se built on ! e>?1 )\t wat]1 air1 & tools2#ajha b prop]ty means t 9 _m cases ! f>m] possesses no l&1 no horses1 no scy!1 ! %oemak] no h\se1 no wat]1 no awl3 t somebody is keep+ ^! ?+s back f !m4#ajhb ,?is leads to ! consequ5ce t = a l>ge fraction ( ! work]s ! natural conditions ( production are d]ang$1 t ?is fraction is necessitat$ to use o!r p's /ock1#ajhc & may by ! own] ( ! /ock be compell$ to "w n on _! own acc\nt1 b = an employ]4#ajhd ,consequ5tly ! workman works n = himself1 to suit 8 own wi%1 b "u compulsion1 to suit ! :im ( "s idle p]sons :o live 9 sup]fluity1 = ! b5efit ( "s ri* man1 ! proprietor ( a factory or o!r indu/rial plant4#ajhe ,?us prop]ty means ! exploitation ( ! labor] by ^? to :om ! l& & tools belong2 x means t ! products ( human labor pass m & m out ( ! h&s ( ! labor+ masses into ! h&s ( ! unlabor+4#ajhf ,fur!rmore1 ! significance ( prop]ty z mak+ ! poor dep5d5t on ! ri* becomes especially prom95t 9 ! case ( money4 ,money is a value t rema9s always equal1 t always ranks z correct & legal4#ajhg ,consequ5tly1 z ! say+ is1 he :o has money has 9 8 pocket ^? :o h none4#ajhh ,money is a new =m ( slav]y1 di/+ui%$ f ! old solely by its imp]sonality1 by ! lack ( any human relation betwe5 ! ma/] & ! slave2#ajhi = ! ess5ce ( all slav]y consi/s 9 draw+ ! b5efit ( ano!r's labor-=ce by compulsion1 & x is q immat]ial :e!r ! draw+ ( ?is b5efit is f\nd$ ^u prop]ty 9 ! slave or ^u prop]ty 9 money :i* is indisp5sable to ! o!r man4#ajij ,n[1 hone/ly1 ( :at sort is my money1 & h[ h ,i come by x8 ,i got "p = ! l& t ,i inh]it$ f my fa!r4 ,! peasant sold 8 la/ %eep1 8 la/ c[1 to pay me ?is money4 ,ano!r "p ( my assets consi/s ( ! sums :i* ,i h receiv$ = my lit]>y productions1 my books4 ,if my books are h>mful1 !n by !m ,i h s$uc$ ! pur*as]s to evil & h acquir$ ! money by bad means4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 my books are useful to p1 ! case is /ill worse2 ,i h n giv5 !m )\t c]emony to ^? :o _h a use = !m1 b h said ',give me sev5te5 rubles & y %all h !m1' &1 z 9 ! o!r case ! peasant sold 8 la/ %eep1 s "h ! poor /ud5t or tea*]1 & _m ano!r poor p]son1 h d5i$ !mselves ! pla9e/ necessities to give me ! money4 ,& ?us ,i h pil$ up a quantity ( su* money1 & :at d ,i d ) x8 ,i br+ x to ! city & give x to ! poor "h on condition t !y satisfy all my :ims1 t !y come aft] me into ! city to clean ! sidewalks = me1 & to make me lamps1 %oes1 & s =?1 9 ! factories4 ,) my money ,i take all _! products to myself1 & ,i take pa9s to give !m z little z possible & get f !m z mu* z possible = x4 ,& !n all at once1 q unexpect$ly1 ,i beg9 to di/ribute to ! poor ?is same money gratis--n to all1 b arbitr>ily to any :om ,i happ5 to take up at r&om2#ajia t is1 ,i take f ! poor ?\s&s ( rubles ) "o h&1 & ) ! o!r ,i di/ribute to "s ( !m a few kopeks4#ajib #b4 ,! dom9ion :i* prop]ty involves1 ( possessors ov] non-possessors1 is bas$ on physical =ce4 ,if ! va/ weal? t ! labor]s h pil$ up ranks n z ! prop]ty ( all1 b only z t ( an elect few1--if ! p[] ( rais+ taxes f labor & us+ !m at pleasure is res]v$ to "s m51--?is is n bas$ on ! fact t ! p want to h x s or t by nature x mu/ be s1 b on ! fact t ! rul+ classes see _! advantage 9 x & det]m9e x s by virtue ( _! p[] ov] m5's bodies2#ajic x is bas$ on viol5ce & slay+ & ! ?reat !re(4#ajid ,if m5 h& ov] ! greate/ "p ( ! product ( _! labor to ! capitali/ or l&lord1 ?\gh !y1 z d all labor]s n[1 hold ?is to be unju/1#ajie !y d x only because !y "k !y w be beat5 & kill$ if !y d n4#ajif ,"o may ev5 say outright t 9 our society1 9 :i* to e well-to-d man liv+ an ari/ocratic life !re are t5 we>y1 rav5\s1 envi\s labor]s1 probably p9+ away ) wife & *ildr5 too1 all ! privileges ( ! ri*1 all _! luxury & _! abundance1 are acquir$ & secur$ only by *a/isem5t1 imprisonm5t1 & capital puni%m5t4#ajig ,prop]ty is upheld by ! police#ajih & ! army4#ajii ,we may act z if we did n see ! policeman walk+ up & d[n be=e ! w9d[ ) load$ revolv] to protect u :ile we eat a savory meal or look at a new play1 & z if we _h no inkl+ ( ! soldi]s :o are e mom5t ready to g ) rifle & c>tridges :]e any "o tries to infr+e on our prop]ty4 ,yet we well "k1 if we c f9i% our meal & see ! new play 9 peace1 if we c drive out or hunt or att5d a fe/ival or a race undi/urb$1 we h to ?ank = ?is only ! policeman's bullet & ! soldi]'s weapon1 :i* are ready to pi]ce ! poor victim ( hung] :o looks ^u our enjoym5ts f 8 corn] ) grumbl+ /oma*1 & :o w\ld at once di/urb !m if ! policeman ) 8 revolv] w5t away1 or if 9 ! b>racks !re 7 no long] any soldi]s /&+ ready to appe> at our fir/ call4#aajj #c4 ,! dom9ion :i* prop]ty involves1 ( ! possessors ov] ! non-possessors1 is bas$ on ! physical =ce ( ! rul$4 ,^? v m5 ( ! non-possess+ classes :o ?r\gh prop]ty are dep5d5t on ! possess+ classes mu/ d police duty1 s]ve 9 ! army1 pay ! taxes out ( :i* police & army are kept up1 & 9 ^! & o!r ways ei!r !mselves ex]cise or at lea/ support ! physical =ce by :i* prop]ty is upheld4#aaja ,if !re did n exi/ ^! m5 :o are ready to discipl9e or kill any "o :atev] at ! ^w ( comm&1 no "o w\ld d>e ass]t :at ! non-labor+ l&lords n[ d all ( !m s confid5tly ass]t1--t ! soil :i* surr\nds ! peasants :o die (f = lack ( l& is ! prop]ty ( a man :o does n "w on x2#aajb x w\ld n come into ! head ( ! "l ( ! manor to take f ! peasants a =e/ t has gr[n up "u _! eyes2#aajc nor w\ld any "o say t ! /ores ( gra9 accumulat$ by fraud 9 ! mid/ ( a />v+ population mu/ rema9 unsca!d t ! m]*ant may h 8 pr(it4#aajd ,,ii4 ,love requires t a di/ribution bas$ solely on its comm&m5ts take ! place ( prop]ty4 ,! impossibility ( cont9u+ ! life t has hi!rto be5 l$1 & ! necessity ( det]m9+ new =ms ( life1#aaje relate to ! di/ribution ( goods z well z to o!r ?+s4 ,! abolition ( prop]ty1#aajf & its replacem5t by a new k9d ( di/ribution ( goods1 is "o ( ! que/ions n[ 9 ord]4#aajg ,accord+ to ! law ( love1 e man :o works z he has /r5g? %\ld h s mu*--b only s mu*--z he ne$s4 #a4 ,t e man :o works z he has /r5g? %\ld h s mu* z he ne$s & no m is a coroll>y f two precepts :i* foll[ f ! law ( love4 ,! fir/ ( ^! precepts says1 ,man %all ask no "w f o!rs1 b himself devote 8 :ole life to "w = o!rs4 ',man lives n to be s]v$ b to s]ve4'#aajh ,!re=e1 9 p>ticul>1 he is n to keep acc\nts ) o!rs ab\t 8 "w1 or ?9k t he has ! m ( a liv+ to claim1 ! great] or m useful 8 quantum ( "w done is4#aaji ,foll[+ ?is precept provides e man ) :at he ne$s4 ,?is is true prim>ily ( ! heal?y adult4 ,if a man works1 8 "w fe$s him4 ,if ano!r makes use ( ?is man's "w = himself1 he w fe$ him = ! v reason t he is mak+ use ( 8 "w4#aaaj ,man assures himself ( a liv+ n by tak+ x away f o!rs1 b by mak+ himself useful & necess>y to o!rs4 ,! m necess>y he is to o!rs1 ! m assur$ is 8 exi/5ce4#aaaa ,b ! foll[+ ( ! precept to s]ve o!rs also provides ! sick1 ! ag$1 & *ildr5 ) _! liv+4 ,m5 d n /op fe$+ an animal :5 x falls sick2 !y d n ev5 kill an old horse1 b give x "w appropriate to its /r5g?2 !y br+ up :ole families ( little lambs1 pigs1 & puppies1 because !y expect b5efit f !m4 ,h[1 !n1 %\ld !y n support ! sick man :o is necess>y to !m8 ,h[ %\ld !y n f9d appropriate "w = old & "y1 & br+ up human be+s :o w 9 turn "w = !m8#aaab ,! second precept t foll[s f ! law ( love1 & ( :i* a coroll>y is t e man :o works z he has /r5g? %\ld h z mu* z he ne$s & no m1 bids u ,%>e :at y h ) ! poor2 ga!r no ri*es4#aaac ,to ! "q ( 8 he>]s1 :at !y 7 to d1 ,john ! ,bapti/ gave ! %ort1 cle>1 simple answ]1 ',he :o ha? two coats1 let him %>e ) him :o ha? none2 & he :o ha? food let him d likewise' 7,luke #c4aj-aa74 ,& ,*ri/ too made ! same decl>ation sev]al times1 only /ill m unambigu\sly & cle>ly4 ,he said1 ',bless$ are ! poor1 woe to ! ri*4' ,he said t "o c\ld n s]ve ,god & ,mammon at once4 ,he n only =bade 8 disciples to take money1 b also to h two g>m5ts4 ,he told ! ri* "y man t because he 0 ri* he c\ld n ent] into ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 & t a camel %\ld soon] g ?r\gh a ne$le's eye ?an a ri* man come into heav54 ,he said t he :o did n =sake ev]y?+--h\se1 *ildr51 l&s--to foll[ him c\ld n be 8 disciple4 ,he told 8 he>]s ! p>able ( ! ri* man :o did no?+ bad except t he--l our ri* m5--clo!d himself 9 co/ly app>el & f$ himself on savory food & dr9k1 & :o plung$ 8 s\l into p]dition by ?is alone1 & ( ! poor ,laz>us :o did no?+ good & :o ent]$ into ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5 only because he 0 a begg>4#aaad #b4 ,b :at =m c su* a di/ribution ( goods take 9 detail8 ,?is is be/ %[n u by ! ,russian coloni/s4 ,^! coloni/s arrive on ! soil1 settle1 & beg9 to "w1 & no "o ( !m takes x into 8 head t any "o :o does n beg9 to make use ( ! l& c h any "r to x2 on ! contr>y1 ! coloni/s reg>d ! gr\nd a priori z common prop]ty1 & consid] x altoge!r ju/ifiable t ev]ybody pl[s & reaps :]e he *ooses4 ,= work+ ! fields1 = />t+ g>d5s1 & = build+ h\ses1 !y procure implem5ts2 & "h too x does n sugge/ itself to !m t ^! c\ld ( !mselves produce any income--on ! contr>y1 ! coloni/s look ^u any pr(it f ! means ( labor1 any int]e/ = gra9 l5t1 etc41 z an inju/ice4 ,!y "w on ma/]less l& ) _! own means or ) means borr[$ free ( int]e/1 ei!r ea* = himself or all toge!r on jo9t acc\nt4#aaae ,9 talk+ ( su* fell[%ip ,i am n sett+ =? fancies1 b only describ+ :at has gone on at all times1 :at is ev5 at pres5t tak+ place n only among ! ,russian coloni/s b ev]y:]e :]e man's natural condition is n yet d]ang$ by "s circum/ances or o!r4 ,i am describ+ :at seems to ev]ybody natural & rational4 ,! m5 settle on ! soil & g ea* "o to "w1 make _! implem5ts1 & d _! labor4 ,if !y ?9k x advantage\s to "w jo9tly1 !y =m a labor company4#aaaf ,b1 9 individual bus9ess z well z 9 collective indu/ry1 nei!r ! wat] nor ! gr\nd nor ! g>m5ts nor ! pl[ c belong to anybody save him :o dr9ks ! wat]1 we>s ! g>m5ts1 & uses ! pl[2 = all ^! ?+s are necess>y only to him :o puts !m to use4#aaag ,"o c call only 8 labor 8 own2#aaah by x "o has z mu* z "o ne$s4#aaai #f4--,,realization ,! way 9 :i* ! *ange requir$ by love is to take place1 accord+ to ,tol/oi1 is t ^? m5 :o h le>n$ to "k ! tru? are to conv9ce z _m o!rs z possible h[ necess>y ! *ange is = love's sake1 & t !y1 ) ! help ( ! refusal ( ob$i5ce1 are to aboli% law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty1 & br+ ab\t ! new condition4 ,i4 ,! prime necessity is t ! m5 :o h le>n$ to "k ! tru? %\ld conv9ce z _m o!rs z possible t love dem&s ! *ange4 #a4 ,t an ord] ( life correspond+ to our k may take ! place ( ! ord] contr>y to x1 ! pres5t antiquat$ public op9ion mu/ fir/ be replac$ by a new & liv+ "o4#aabj ,x is n de$s ( all sorts t br+ to pass ! gr&e/ & mo/ significant *anges 9 ! life ( humanity1 nei!r ! fitt+ out ( armies a million /rong nor ! con/ruction ( roads & eng9es1 nei!r ! organization ( expositions nor ! =mation ( trade-unions1 nei!r revolutions1 b>ricades1 & explosions nor inv5tions 9 a]ial navigation--b ! *anges ( public op9ion1 & ^! alone4#aaba ,lib]ation is possible only by a *ange 9 our conception ( life2#aabb ev]y?+ dep5ds on ! =ce ) :i* ea* individual man becomes consci\s ( ,*ri/ian tru?2#aabc "k ! tru? & ! tru? %all make y free4#aabd ,our lib]ation mu/ necess>ily take place by ! ,*ri/ian's recogniz+ ! law ( love1 :i* 8 ,ma/] has reveal$ to him1 z entirely suffici5t = all human relations1 & 8 p]ceiv+ ! sup]flu\sness & illegitimat5ess ( all viol5ce4#aabe ,! br++ ab\t ( ?is revolution 9 public op9ion is 9 ! h&s ( ! m5 :o h le>n$ to "k ! tru?4#aabf ,a public op9ion does n ne$ hundr$s & ?\s&s ( ye>s to arise & spread2 x has ! quality ( work+ by contagion & swiftly seiz+ a great numb] ( m54#aabg ,z a j>r+ t\* is en\gh to *ange a fluid saturat$ ) salts to cry/als 9 a mom5t1 s n[ ! slighte/ ef=t may p]haps suffice to cause ! unveil$ tru? to seize ^u hundr$s1 ?\s&s1 millions ( m5 s t a public op9ion correspond+ to k %all be e/abli%$ & t h]eby ! :ole ord] ( life %all become o!r ?an x is4 ,x is 9 our h&s to make ?is ef=t4#aabh #b4 ,! be/ means = br++ ab\t ! necess>y revolution 9 public op9ion is t ! m5 :o h le>n$ to "k ! tru? %\ld te/ify to x by de$4 ,! ,*ri/ian kn[s ! tru? only 9 ord] to te/ify to x be=e ^? :o d n "k x1#aabi & t by de$4#aacj ,! tru? is imp>t$ to m5 by de$s ( tru?1 de$s ( tru? illum9ate e man's consci5ce1 & ?us de/roy ! =ce ( deceit4#aaca ,h5ce y ought prop]ly1 if y are a l&lord1 to give y\r l& at once to ! poor1 &1 if y are a capitali/1 to give y\r money or y\r factory to ! work+m52 if y are a pr9ce1 a cab9et m9i/]1 an (ficial1 a judge1 or a g5]al1 y ought at once to resign y\r position1 &1 if y are a soldi]1 y ought to refuse ob$i5ce )\t reg>d to any dang]4#aacb ,b1 to be sure1 x is v probable t y are n /rong en\gh to d ?is2 y h connections1 dep5d5ts1 subord9ates1 sup]iors1 ! temptations are p[]ful1 & y\r =ce gives out4#aacc #c4 ,b !re is /ill ano!r means1 ?\gh a less effective "o1 = br++ ab\t ! necess>y revolution 9 public op9ion1 & ?is y c always#aacd employ4 ,x is t ! m5 :o h le>n$ to "k ! tru? %\ld speak x out frankly4#aace ,if m5--yes1 if ev5 a few m5--w\ld d ?is1 ! antiquat$ public op9ion w\ld at once fall ( itself1 & a new1 liv+1 pres5t-day "o w\ld arise4#aacf ,n billions ( rubles1 n millions ( soldi]s1 no in/itutions1 w>s1 or revolutions1 h s mu* p[] z ! simple decl>ation ( a free man t he consid]s some?+ to be "r or wrong4 ,if a free man speaks out hone/ly :at he ?9ks & feels1 9 ! mid/ ( ?\s&s :o 9 ^w & act /& = ! v contr>y1 "o might ?9k he mu/ rema9 isolat$4 ,b usually x is o!rwise2 all1 or mo/1 h long be5 privately ?9k+ & feel+ 9 ! same way2 & !n :at to-day is /ill an individual's new op9ion w p]haps to-morr[ be already ! g5]al op9ion ( ! majority4#aacg ,if we w\ld only /op ly+ & act+ z if we did n see ! tru?1 if we w\ld only te/ify to ! tru? t summons u & boldly confess x1 x w\ld at once turn out t !re are hundr$s1 ?\s&s1 millions1 ( m5 9 ! same situation z ourselves1 t !y see ! tru? l u1 are afraid l u ( rema9+ isolat$ if !y confess x1 & are only wait+1 l u1 = ! re/ to te/ify to x4#aach ,,ii4 ,to br+ ab\t ! *ange & put ! new condition 9 ! place ( law1 ! ,/ate1 & prop]ty1 x is fur!r requisite t ! m5 :o h le>n$ to "k ! tru? %\ld con=m _! lives to _! k1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 t !y %\ld refuse ob$i5ce to ! ,/ate4 #a4 ,m5 are to br+ ab\t ! *ange !mselves4 ,!y are no long] to wait = somebody to come & help !m1 be x ,*ri/ 9 ! cl\ds ) ! s\nd ( ! trumpet1 be x a hi/oric law or a diff]5tial or integral law ( =ces4 ,nobody w help u if we d n help ourselves4#aaci ,i h be5 told a /ory t happ5$ to a c\rage\s commiss>y ( police4 ,he came into a village :]e !y _h appli$ = soldi]s on acc\nt ( an outbreak among ! peasants4 ,9 ! _s ( ,ni*olas ! ,fir/ he propos$ to make an end ( ! ris+ by 8 p]sonal pres5ce alone4 ,he _h a few c>t-loads ( /icks br\ght1 ga!r$ all ! peasants 9 a b>n1 & %ut himself 9 ) !m4 ,by 8 %\ts he succe$$ 9 s c[+ ! peasants t !y obey$ him & began to beat ea* o!r at 8 comm&4 ,s !y beat ea* o!r till !re 0 f\nd a simple-m9d$ peasant :o did n obey1 & :o call$ out to 8 fell[s t !y %\ld n beat ea* o!r ei!r4 ,only !n did ! beat+ cease1 & ! (ficial made ha/e to get away4 ,! advice ( ?is simple-m9d$ peasant %\ld be foll[$ by ! m5 ( our "t4#aadj #b4 ,b x is n by viol5ce t m5 are to br+ ab\t ! *ange4 ,revolution>y enemies fight ! gov]nm5t f outside2 ,*ri/ianity does n fight at all1 b wrecks its f\ndations f )94#aada ,"s ass]t t lib]ation f =ce1 or at lea/ its dim9ution1 c be effect$ by ! oppress$ m5's =cibly %ak+ (f ! oppress+ gov]nm5t2 & _m d 9 fact und]take to act on ?is doctr9e4 ,b !y deceive !mselves & o!rs3 _! activity only enhances ! despotism ( gov]nm5ts1 & ! attempts at lib]ation are welcom$ by ! gov]nm5ts z pretexts = /r5g!n+ _! p[]4#aadb ,h[ev]1 suppose t by ! favor ( circum/ances 7z1 = in/ance1 9 ,france 9 #ahgj7 !y succe$ 9 ov]?r[+ a gov]nm5t1 ! p>ty :i* _h won by =ce w\ld be compell$1 9 ord] to rema9 at ! helm & introduce its ord] into life1 n only to employ all exi/+ viol5t me?ods1 b to inv5t new ones 9 addition4 ,x w\ld be o!r m5 t w\ld be enslav$1 & !y w\ld be co]c$ into o!r ?+s1 b !re w\ld exi/ n m]ely ! same b a /ill m cruel condition ( viol5ce & enslavem5t2 = ! combat w\ld h fann$ ! flames ( hatr$1 /r5g!n$ ! means ( enslavem5t1 & evolv$ new ones4 ,?us x has be5 aft] all revolutions1 insurrections1 & conspiracies1 aft] all viol5t *anges ( gov]nm5t4 ,e fight only puts /rong] means ( enslavem5t 9 ! h&s ( ! m5 :o at a giv5 "t are 9 p[]4#aadc #c4 ,m5 are to br+ ab\t ! *ange by con=m+ _! lives to _! k4 ,! ,*ri/ian frees himself f all human au?ority by recogniz+ z sole plumb-l9e = 8 life & ! lives ( o!rs ! div9e law ( love t is implant$ 9 man's s\l & has be5 br\ght into consci\sness by ,*ri/4#aadd ,?is means t "o is to return good = evil1#aade give to "o's neighbor all t "o has t is sup]flu\s & take away f him no?+ t "o does n ne$1#aadf especially acquire no money & get rid ( ! money "o has1#aadg n buy nor r5t1#aadh &1 )\t %r9k+ f any =m ( "w1 satisfy "o's ne$s ) "o's own h&s2#aadi & p>ticul>ly does x mean t "o is to refuse ob$i5ce to ! un*ri/ian dem&s ( ,/ate au?ority4#aaej ,t ob$i5ce to ^! dem&s is refus$ we see 9 _m cases 9 ,russia at pres5t4 ,m5 are refus+ ! paym5t ( taxes1 ! g5]al oa?1 ! oa? 9 c\rt1 ! ex]cise ( police functions1 action z jurym51 & milit>y s]vice4#aaea ,! gov]nm5ts f9d !mselves 9 a desp]ate situation z !y face ! ,*ri/ians' refusals4#aaeb ,!y c *a/ise1 put to dea?1 imprison = life1 & torture1 any "o :o tries to ov]?r[ !m by =ce2 !y c bribe & smo!r ) gold ! half ( mank9d2 !y c br+ into _! s]vice millions ( arm$ m5 :o are ready to annihilate all _! foes4 ,b :at c !y d aga9/ m5 :o d n de/roy any?+1 d n set up any?+ ei!r1 b only1 ea* = himself1 are unwill+ to act contr>y to ! law ( ,*ri/1 & !re=e refuse to d :at is mo/ necess>y = ! gov]nm5ts8#aaec ,let ! ,/ate d z x w by su* m51 inevitably x w contribute only to its own annihilation1#aaed & !re) to ! annihilation ( law & prop]ty & to ! br++ 9 ( ! new ord] ( life4 ,=1 if x does n p]secute p l ! ,dukhobors1 ! ,/undi/s1 etc41 ! advantages ( _! peaceable ,*ri/ian way ( liv+ w induce o!rs to jo9 !m--& n only conv9c$ ,*ri/ians1 b also su* z want to get cle> ( _! obligations to ! ,/ate "u ! cloak ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 x deals cruelly ) m5 aga9/ :om !re is no?+ except t !y h endeavor$ to live morally1 ?is cruelty w only make x /ill m enemies1 & ! mom5t mu/ at la/ come :5 !re c no long] be f\nd any "o :o is ready to back up ! ,/ate ) in/rum5talities ( =ce4#aaee #d4 ,9 ! con=m+ ( life to k ! individual mu/ make ! beg9n+4 ,he mu/ n wait = all or _m to d x at ! same "t ) him4 ,! individual mu/ n ?9k x w be useless if he alone con=ms 8 life to ,*ri/'s tea*+4#aaef ,m5 9 _! pres5t situation are l bees t h left _! hive & are hang+ on a twig 9 a great mass4 ,! situation ( ! bees on ! twig is a tempor>y "o1 & absolutely mu/ be *ang$4 ,!y mu/ take flight & seek a new abode4 ,e bee kn[s t1 & wi%es to make an end ( its own suff]+ condition & t ( ! o!rs2 b ?is _c be done by "o s long z ! o!rs d n help4 ,b all _c rise at once1 = "o hangs ov] ano!r & h9d]s x f lett+ g2 !re=e all rema9 hang+4 ,"o might ?9k t !re 0 no way out ( ?is situation = ! bees2#aaeg if & really !re w\ld be none1 7 x n t ea* bee is an indep5d5t liv+ be+4 ,b x is only ne$ful t "o bee spread its w+s1 rise & fly1 & aft] x ! second1 ! ?ird1 ! t5?1 ! hundr$?1 = ! immobile hang+ mass to become a freely fly+ sw>m ( bees4 ,?us x is only ne$ful t "o man compreh5d life z ,*ri/ianity tea*es x1 & take hold ( x z ,*ri/ianity tea*es him to1 & !n t a second1 a ?ird1 a hundr$? foll[ him1 & ! magic circle f :i* no escape seem$ possible is de/roy$4#aaeh ,nei!r may ! individual let himself be det]r$ by ! fe> ( suff]+4 ',if ,i alone1' x is commonly said1 'fulfil ,*ri/'s tea*+ 9 ! mid/ ( a _w t does n foll[ x1 give away my belong+s1 turn my *eek )\t resi/ance1 yes1 & refuse ! oa? & milit>y s]vice1 !n ,i %all h ! la/ bit tak5 f me1 &1 if ,i d n die ( hung]1 !y w beat me to dea?1 &1 if !y d n beat me to dea?1 !y w jail me or %oot me2 & ,i %all h giv5 all ! happ9ess ( my life1 nay1 my life itself1 = no?+4'#aaei ,be x s4 ,i d n ask :e!r ,i %all h m tr\ble1 or die soon]1 if ,i foll[ ,*ri/'s tea*+4 ,t "q c be ask$ only by "o :o does n see h[ mean+less & mis]able is 8 life z an individual life1 & :o imag9es t he %all 'n die'4 ,b ,i "k t a life = ! sake ( "o's own happ9ess is ! greate/ folly1 & t su* an aimless life c be foll[$ only by an aimless dea?4 ,& !re=e ,i fe> no?+4 ,i %all die l ev]ybody1 l ev5 ^? :o d n fulfil ,*ri/'s tea*+1 b my life & my dea? w h a mean+ = me & = o!rs4 ,my life & my dea? w contribute to ! rescue & life ( o!rs--& t is j :at ,*ri/ taught4#aafj ,if once en\gh individuals h con=m$ _! lives to _! k1 ! multitude w soon foll[4 ,! passage ( m5 f "o ord] ( life to ano!r does n take place /eadily1 z ! s& 9 ! h\r-glass runs out1 "o gra9 aft] ano!r f ! fir/ to ! la/1 b r z a vessel t has be5 sunk into wat] fills itself4 ,at fir/ ! wat] gets 9 only on "o side1 sl[ly & uni=mly2 b !n its weight makes ! vessel s9k1 & n[ ! ?+ takes 91 all at once1 all ! wat] t x c hold4#aafa ,?us ! impulse giv5 by individuals w provoke a movem5t t goes on fa/] & fa/]1 wid] & wid]1 avalan*e-l1 sudd5ly sweeps along ! masses1 & br+s ab\t ! new ord] ( life4#aafb ,!n ! "t is come :5 all m5 are fill$ ) ,god1 %un w>1 beat _! swords into pl[%>es & _! spe>s into prun+-hooks2 t is1 9 our language1 :5 ! prisons & =tresses are empty1 :5 ! gall[s1 rifles1 & cannon are out ( use4 ,:at seem$ a dream has f\nd its fulfilm5t 9 a new =m ( life4#aafc ,,footnotes3 #hei ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #bdd-e1 #bhj1 #cae1 #cbe4 #hfj ,ib4 pp4 #bfc1 #bhe-f1 ,to4 ,gospel p4 #be1 ,religion & ,morality p4 #ad4 #hfa ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #bea4 #hfb ,to4 ,gospel pp4 #ac-ad1 #af-ag4 #hfc ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #if-g4 #hfd ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe pp4 #bdg-h4 #hfe ,to4 ,reason & ,dogma p4 #e4 #hff ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #aif4 #hfg ,to4 ,gospel pp4 #ea1 #bi-cj4 #hfh ,ib4 p4 #dg4 #hfi ,to4 ,patriotism p4 #aah4 #hgj ,to4 ,gospel p4 #bi4 #hga ,to4 ,gospel p4 #ej2 ,to4 ,religion & ,morality p4 #bg4 #hgb ,to4 ,on ,life p4 #bad4 #hgc ,to4 ,gospel p4 #ca4 #hgd ,ib4 pp4 #cb1 #ca1 #dj1 #aab4 #hge ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #afd4 #hgf ,to4 ,gospel p4 #ba4 #hgg ,ib4 p4 #ba4 #hgh ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe pp4 #afj1 #agd4 #hgi ,ib4 p4 #aff4 #hhj ,to4 ,confession p4 #ib4 #hha ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #ge-g1 #gi4 #hhb ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe pp4 #aie1 #bgb1 ,k+dom pp4 #gb-c1 ,gospel p4 #e4 #hhc ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #bcd4 #hhd ,to4 ,on ,life p4 #dh4 #hhe ,ib4 pp4 #gb1 #ff4 #hhf ,to4 ,confession p4 #ed4 #hhg ,to4 ,on ,life p4 #aja4 #hhh ,ib4 p4 #ajj4 #hhi ,ib4 p4 #ajj4 #hij ,ib4 pp4 #afj1 #aja4 #hia ,ib4 pp4 #afj1 #aja4 #hib ,ib4 pp4 #bfb-c4 #hic ,to4 ,on ,life p4 #bfc4 #hid ,ib4 p4 #bfc4 #hie ,to4 ,religion & ,morality pp4 #ba-b4 #hif ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #ga4 #hig ,to4 ,gospel p4 #be4 #hih ,ib4 p4 #be4 #hii ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe pp4 #ach-i #ijj ,ib4 p4 #bfh4 #ija ,ib4 p4 #adh4 #ijb ,to4 ,on ,life pp4 #aei-fj4 #ijc ,ib4 p4 #afe4 #ijd ,ib4 p4 #afd4 #ije ,ib4 pp4 #agj-ga4 #ijf ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #adj4 #ijg ,ib4 p4 #aci4 #ijh ,ib4 p4 #ach4 #iji ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #adb1 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #ag4 #iaj ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #abc4 #iaa ,to4 ,religion & ,morality p4 #ab4 #iab ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #abd-e4 #iac ,to4 ,morn+ pp4 #gj-ga4 #iad ,to4 ,on ,life p4 #adh4 #iae ,ib4 pp4 #adg1 #adh4 #iaf ,ib4 pp4 #abb1 #acc-e1 #agd1 #agf4 #iag ,ib4 pp4 #aba1 #agd4 #iah ,to4 ,on ,life pp4 #bf1 #abb-c1 #aif1 #bjf4 #iai ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #ag4 #ibj ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #add4 #iba ,ib4 pp4 #adb-c4 #ibb ,ib4 p4 #afj4 #ibc ,ib4 p4 #add4 #ibd ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #abb4 #ibe ,ib4 p4 #abc4 #ibf ,ib4 p4 #abc4 #ibg ,ib4 p4 #abc4 #ibh ,ib4 p4 #abc4 #ibi ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #ab4 #icj ,ib4 p4 #ab4 #ica ,ib4 p4 #ae4 #icb ,ib4 pp4 #ba-b4 #icc ,ib4 p4 #bb4 #icd ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #fh-i4 #ice ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #bfi-gj4 #icf ,ib4 p4 #bhb4 #icg ,ib4 p4 #fc4 #ich ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe pp4 #ag1 #bj2 ,k+dom p4 #bfh4 ,has ,tol/oi comp>$ 9 a ,greek concordance ! o!r occurr5ces ( ! ^w translat$ resi/8 #ici ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #di-ej4 #idj ,ib4 p4 #ej4 #ida ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #bfh-i4 #idb ,ib4 p4 #bfi4 #idc ,he speaks only ( ! ,gesetz1 b he means all ,re*t2 see footnote on page #ade ( ! pres5t book4 #idd ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #bfh1 #cjj-cja4 #ide ,ib4 pp4 #cfa-b4 #idf ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe pp4 #bi1 #cb4 #idg ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #cfa-b1 #agb4 #idh ,ib4 p4 #agb4 #idi ,ib4 p4 #cjj4 #iej ,ib4 p4 #cfa4 #iea ,ib4 p4 #bda4 #ieb ,ib4 p4 #bdj4 #iec ,ib4 p4 #bef4 #ied ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #bi4 #iee ,ib4 pp4 #bh-i4 #ief ,ib4 p4 #cb4 #ieg ,ib4 p4 #cb4 #ieh ,ib4 pp4 #de-f4 #iei ,ib4 p4 #bi4 #ifj ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #cfa-b4 #ifa ,ib4 p4 #agb4 #ifb ,ib4 p4 #bfh4 #ifc ,ib4 p4 #agb4 #ifd ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #abj4 #ife ,ib4 pp4 #ahj1 #bce4 #iff ,ib4 pp4 #bce1 #ahj4 #ifg ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #cic1 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #aba4 #ifh ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #cic-d4 #ifi ,ib4 pp4 #dhf-g4 #igj ,to4 ,p]secutions p4 #dg4 #iga ,to4 ,gospel p4 #ej4 #igb ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #ebf4 #igc ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #aba4 #igd ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #adb-c1 #add4 #ige ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe pp4 #abb-c1 #agi1 #abd1 #bai-bj2 ,gospel pp4 #ei-fj2 ,k+dom pp4 #adc-d4 #igf ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #bbe4 #igg ,ib4 p4 #bbe4 #igh ,ib4 p4 #aba4 #igi ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #bdj-da4 #ihj ,ib4 p4 #ccf4 #iha ,ib4 pp4 #cce-f4 #ihb ,ib4 p4 #ccb4 #ihc ,ib4 p4 #baa4 #ihd ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #ba2 ,p]secutions p4 #df4 #ihe ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #bji-aj4 #ihf ,ib4 pp4 #afg1 #afd4 #ihg ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #be4 #ihh ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #ccb4 #ihi ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #ej4 #iij ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #dbi-cj1 #bdd4 #iia ,ib4 pp4 #bji-aj4 #iib ,ib4 p4 #bgd4 #iic ,ib4 pp4 #bga-b4 #iid ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #bga4 #iie ,ib4 pp4 #cda1 #cci4 #iif ,ib4 p4 #cdj4 #iig ,ib4 p4 #cdj4 #iih ,ib4 p4 #cci4 #iii ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #cci-dj4 #ajjj ,ib4 p4 #cdb4 #ajja ,ib4 p4 #bdc4 #ajjb ,to4 ,patriotism p4 #ia4 #ajjc ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #bci4 #ajjd ,ib4 p4 #bdc4 #ajje ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #bha4 #ajjf ,ib4 p4 #ddb4 #ajjg ,ib4 p4 #ddb4 #ajjh ,to4 ,p]secutions p4 #da4 #ajji ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #cbg4 #ajaj ,ib4 p4 #bch4 #ajaa ,to4 ,patriotism p4 #abj4 #ajab ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #ddc4 #ajac ,to4 ,patriotism p4 #aai4 #ajad ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #bch4 #ajae ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #bdh-i4 #ajaf ,to4 ,patriotism p4 #ia4 #ajag ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #bdi4 #ajah ,ib4 p4 #bde4 #ajai ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #bdf-g4 #ajbj ,ib4 pp4 #bej1 #dbc-d4 #ajba ,ib4 pp4 #cad-bh4 #ajbb ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe pp4 #bf-g4 #ajbc ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #bgd4 #ajbd ,ib4 p4 #bgf4 #ajbe ,ib4 p4 #dbb4 #ajbf ,ib4 p4 #bgg4 #ajbg ,ib4 p4 #bgf4 #ajbh ,to4 ,patriotism pp4 #dj-da1 #ajj-ajb2 ,k+dom pp4 #dbi-cb4 #ajbi ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #bge4 #ajcj ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #dbb4 #ajca ,ib4 pp4 #bge-f1 #dbj-bb1 #ddd-e4 #ajcb ,ib4 p4 #bgh4 #ajcc ,ib4 p4 #bgh4 #ajcd ,ib4 p4 #bgi4 #ajce ,ib4 p4 #bgi4 #ajcf ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #eaa2 ,patriotism p4 #aag4 #ajcg ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #ahi4 #ajch ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #abc4 #ajci ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #adc-d4 #ajdj ,ib4 pp4 #cjj-cja4 #ajda ,ib4 p4 #cjj4 #ajdb ,ib4 p4 #cja4 #ajdc ,ib4 p4 #cja4 #ajdd ,ib4 p4 #bcf4 #ajde ,ib4 p4 #dfa4 #ajdf ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #dfa4 #ajdg ,ib4 pp4 #dfa-b4 #ajdh ,ib4 p4 #dfa4 #ajdi ,ib4 p4 #bee4 #ajej ,ib4 p4 #bee4 #ajea ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #bee-f4 #ajeb ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #bij4 #ajec ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #bee1 #beh4 #ajed ,ib4 p4 #beh4 #ajee ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #bhi4 #ajef ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #bee1 #beg4 #ajeg ,ib4 p4 #beg4 #ajeh ,ib4 p4 #eaj4 #ajei ,to4 ,p]secutions pp4 #df-g4 #ajfj ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #cgb4 #ajfa ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #eaj4 #ajfb ,ib4 p4 #eab4 #ajfc ,ib4 pp4 #eac-ad4 #ajfd ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #cgb-c4 #ajfe ,ib4 p4 #eah4 #ajff ,ib4 p4 #bef4 #ajfg ,ib4 p4 #afd4 #ajfh ,ib4 p4 #cgf4 #ajfi ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #ba2 ,:at ,%all ,we ,d pp4 #aeg-h4 #ajgj ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #afg1 #afd4 #ajga ,ib4 p4 #bgc4 #ajgb ,to4 ,:at ,%all ,we ,d p4 #ai4 #ajgc ,ib4 pp4 #ah-ai4 #ajgd ,ib4 p4 #ai4 #ajge ,to4 ,money p4 #ah4 #ajgf ,to4 ,l95-,measur] pp4 #fjb-c4 #ajgg ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #afd4 #ajgh ,ib4 p4 #afh4 #ajgi ,to4 ,:at ,%all ,we ,d p4 #adc4 #ajhj ,to4 ,money p4 #ah4 #ajha ,ib4 p4 #ac4 #ajhb ,ib4 p4 #ac4 #ajhc ,ib4 p4 #af4 #ajhd ,ib4 p4 #ae4 #ajhe ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #aff4 #ajhf ,to4 ,:at ,%all ,we ,d p4 #aci4 #ajhg ,ib4 p4 #aeb4 #ajhh ,to4 ,money p4 #f4 #ajhi ,to4 ,:at ,%all ,we ,d pp4 #aea-b4 #ajij ,ib4 p4 #afj4 #ajia ,to4 ,:at ,%all ,we ,d pp4 #acd-e4 #ajib ,ib4 p4 #ace4 #ajic ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #bdg-h4 #ajid ,ib4 p4 #djf4 #ajie ,ib4 p4 #djg4 #ajif ,ib4 p4 #djg4 #ajig ,ib4 p4 #dji4 #ajih ,ib4 p4 #dib4 #ajii ,ib4 pp4 #bdg1 #ddg4 #aajj ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #dib-c4 #aaja ,ib4 pp4 #cad-bh4 #aajb ,ib4 pp4 #dbd-e4 #aajc ,ib4 p4 #dbe4 #aajd ,ib4 p4 #dbe4 #aaje ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #eaa4 #aajf ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #bdi4 #aajg ,ib4 p4 #bdi4 #aajh ,ib4 p4 #bbh4 #aaji ,ib4 pp4 #bbg-h4 #aaaj ,ib4 p4 #bbg4 #aaaa ,ib4 p4 #bbi4 #aaab ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #bcj4 #aaac ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #ebj4 #aaad ,to4 ,:at ,%all ,we ,d pp4 #aeg-h4 #aaae ,to4 ,money p4 #aj4 #aaaf ,to4 ,money p4 #aa4 #aaag ,ib4 pp4 #aa-ab4 #aaah ,k]nel p4 #hi4 #aaai ,ib4 p4 #hi4 #aabj ,patriotism p4 #aaf4 #aaba ,to4 ,patriotism pp4 #ajh-i4 #aabb ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #cja4 #aabc ,ib4 p4 #dgd4 #aabd ,ib4 p4 #cjb4 #aabe ,ib4 p4 #cja4 #aabf ,to4 ,patriotism pp4 #aaf-ag4 #aabg ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #ceh4 #aabh ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #ejh4 #aabi ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #bij4 #aacj ,ib4 p4 #bij4 #aaca ,ib4 p4 #bic4 #aacb ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #ebc4 #aacc ,ib4 p4 #ebc4 #aacd ,ib4 p4 #ebc4 #aace ,to4 ,patriotism p4 #aaf4 #aacf ,ib4 p4 #aji4 #aacg ,to4 ,patriotism pp4 #aab-ac4 #aach ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #eji4 #aaci ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe pp4 #adg-h4 #aadj ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #cjf-g4 #aada ,ib4 p4 #cbf4 #aadb ,ib4 pp4 #bgi-hj4 #aadc ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #bhj-ha4 #aadd ,ib4 p4 #bih4 #aade ,to4 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #bib4 #aadf ,to4 ,:at ,%all ,we ,d p4 #afd2 ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #bia4 #aadg ,to4 ,:at ,%all ,we ,d p4 #afb4 #aadh ,ib4 p4 #afa4 #aadi ,to ,:at ,%all ,we ,d p4 #afa4 #aaej ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #cad4 #aaea ,ib4 pp4 #cbg-h4 #aaeb ,ib4 p4 #ccj4 #aaec ,ib4 p4 #cbh4 #aaed ,to4 ,p]secutions p4 #dd4 #aaee ,to4 ,p]secutions p4 #dd4 #aaef ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #bic4 #aaeg ,ib4 pp4 #cjb-c4 #aaeh ,to4 ,k+dom pp4 #cjc-d4 #aaei ,:at ,i ,believe p4 #adh4 #aafj ,ib4 pp4 #agi-hj4 #aafa ,to4 ,k+dom p4 #cec4 #aafb ,ib4 p4 #cef4 #aafc ,ib4 p4 #cib4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,an>*i/ic ,,tea*+s #a4--;,,g5]al ,we h n[ ga9$ ! /&po9t t p]mits u to view compreh5sively ! entire body ( ,an>*i/ic tea*+s4 ,?is compreh5sive view is possible only z foll[s3 fir/ we h to look & see :at ! sev5 recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s "h pres5t$ h 9 common1 & :at specialties are to be f\nd among !m2 next we mu/ consid] h[ f> t :i* is common to ! sev5 tea*+s may be equat$ to t :i* ! entire body ( ,an>*i/ic tea*+s h 9 common1 &1 9 addition1 h[ f> ! specialties repres5t$ among ! sev5 tea*+s may be equat$ to ! specialties repres5t$ 9 ! entire body ( ,an>*i/ic tea*+s4 ,to *>act]ize ^? qualities ( ! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s to :i* att5tion is to be paid1 words already exi/+ are "h us$ z f> z has be5 f\nd practicable4 ,:]e su* 7 totally lack+1 ! ne$ ( a concise =mula has ( necessity ov]come repugnance to neologisms4 #b4--;,,basis ,i4 ,z to _! basis ! sev5 tea*+s "h pres5t$ h no?+ 9 common4 #a4 ,9 "p !y recognize z ! supreme law ( human proc$ure m]ely a natural law1 :i*1 z su*1 does n tell u :at ought to take place b :at really w take place2 ^! tea*+s may be call$ g5etic4 ,! o!r "p ( !m reg>d z ! supreme law ( human proc$ure a norm1 :i*1 z su*1 tells u :at ought to take place1 ev5 if x nev] really w take place2 ^! tea*+s may be *>act]iz$ z critical4 ,g5etic are ! tea*+s ( ,bakun9 & ,kropotk93 ! supreme law ( human proc$ure is = ,bakun9 ! evolution>y law ( mank9d's progress f a less p]fect exi/5ce to an exi/5ce z p]fect z possible1 & = ,kropotk9 t ( mank9d's progress f a less happy exi/5ce to an exi/5ce z happy z possible4 ,critical are ! tea*+s ( ,godw91 ,pr\dhon1 ,/irn]1 ,tuck]1 & ,tol/oi4 #b4 ,! critical tea*+s1 aga91 are p>tly su* z set up a duty z ! supreme law ( human proc$ure1 ! duty be+ itself ! ultimate purpose1--^! tea*+s may be *>act]iz$ z ideali/ic1--& p>tly su* z set up happ9ess z ! supreme law ( human proc$ure1 all duty be+ only a means to happ9ess1--^! may take ! "n ( eudemoni/ic4 ,ideali/ic are ! tea*+s ( ,pr\dhon & ,tol/oi3 ,pr\dhon sets up z ! supreme law ( human proc$ure ! duty ( ju/ice1 ,tol/oi ! duty ( love4 ,eudemoni/ic are ! tea*+s ( ,godw91 ,/irn]1 & ,tuck]4 #c4 ,! eudemoni/ic tea*+s1 f9ally1 reg>d z ! supreme law ( human proc$ure ei!r ! happ9ess ( mank9d z a :ole1 :i* ! individual is accord+ly to fur!r )\t reg>d to 8 own happ9ess1--^! tea*+s may be *>act]iz$ z altrui/ic1--or ! happ9ess ( ! individual1 :i* he is accord+ly to fur!r )\t reg>d to ! welf>e ( mank9d z a :ole1--^! tea*+s may be call$ egoi/ic4 ,altrui/ic is ,godw9's tea*+1 egoi/ic ,/irn]'s & ,tuck]'s4 ,,ii4 ,) reg>d to :at !y h 9 common 9 _! basis1 ! sev5 recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s "h pres5t$ may be tak5 z equival5t to ! entire body ( recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s4 ,!y h 9 _! basis no?+ 9 common ) ea* o!r2 all ! m is x impossible1 !re=e1 t ! entire body ( recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s %\ld h 9 _! basis any?+ 9 common4 ,fur!rmore1 z reg>ds ! specialties t !y exhibit 9 respect to _! basis ! tea*+s "h pres5t$ may be tak5 z equival5t to ! entire body ( ,an>*i/ic tea*+s )\t limitation4 ,= ! specialties repres5t$ among !m c be arrang$ z a sy/em t has no room left = any m co-ord9ate specialties1 b only = subord9ate4 ,no ,an>*i/ic tea*+1 !re=e1 c h any specialty t w n be subord9ate to ^! specialties4 ,!re=e1 :at is true ( ! sev5 tea*+s "h pres5t$ is true ( ,an>*i/ic tea*+s altoge!r4 ,9 _! basis !y h no?+ 9 common1 & are to be divid$ ) respect to its diff]5ces z %[n 9 ! table on page #bgc4 #c4--,,law ,i4 ,9 _! relation to law--t is1 to ^? norms :i* are bas$ on m5's w to h a c]ta9 proc$ure g5]ally obs]v$ )9 a circle :i* includes !mselves--! sev5 tea*+s "h pres5t$ h no?+ 9 common4 #a4 ,a "p ( !m negate law = our future2 ^! tea*+s may be call$ anomi/ic4 ,! o!r "p ( !m affirm x = our future2 ^! tea*+s may be *>act]iz$ z nomi/ic4 ,anomi/ic are ! tea*+s ( ,godw91 ,/irn]1 ,tol/oi2 nomi/ic ^? ( ,pr\dhon1 ,bakun91 ,kropotk91 & ,tuck]4 ,g5etic ,critical ,tea*+s ,tea*+s ---------------------------------------- ,ideali/ic ,eudemoni/ic ----------------------- ,altrui/ic ,egoi/ic ,bakun9 ,pr\dhon ,godw9 ,/irn] ,kropotk9 ,tol/oi ,tuck] ,!re _c be giv5 a m precise def9ition ( :at is common to ! anomi/ic tea*+s on ! "o h& & to ! nomi/ic on ! o!r1 & :at is peculi> to ! "o gr\p z aga9/ ! o!r1 ?an has "h be5 giv54 ,= bo? ! negation & ! affirmation ( law = our future h totally diff]5t mean+s 9 ! diff]5t tea*+s4 ,! negation ( law = our future means 9 ! cases ( ,godw9 & ,/irn] t !y reject law unconditionally1 & s = our future z well z ev]y:]e else3 ,godw9 because x is always & ev]y:]e contr>y to ! g5]al happ9ess1 ,/irn] because x is always & ev]y:]e contr>y to ! individual's happ9ess4 ,9 ,tol/oi's case ! mean+ ( ! negation ( law = our future is t he rejects law1 ?\gh n unconditionally1 yet = our future1 because x is1 ?\gh n at all times & 9 all places1 yet "u our circum/ances1 9 a high] degree repugnant to love ?an its non-exi/5ce4 ,! affirmation ( law = our future means 9 ! cases ( ,pr\dhon & ,tuck] t !y approve law z su* 7?\gh c]ta9ly n e p>ticul> =m ( law7 unconditionally1 & h5ce = our future z well z else:]e3 ,pr\dhon because law z su* nev] & n[h]e (f5ds aga9/ ju/ice1 ,tuck] because law z su* nev] & n[h]e impairs ! individual's happ9ess4#aafd ,9 ! cases ( ,bakun9 & ,kropotk91 f9ally1 ! affirmation ( law = our future has ! mean+ t !y =esee t ! progress ( evolution w 9 our future leave 9 exi/5ce law z su*1 ev5 ?\gh n ! pres5t p>ticul> =m ( law3 ,bakun9 mean+ by ?is ! progress ( mank9d f a less p]fect exi/5ce to an exi/5ce z p]fect z possible1 & ,pr\dhon its progress f a less happy exi/5ce to an exi/5ce z happy z possible4 #b4 ,! anomi/ic tea*+s "p company aga9 9 reg>d to :at !y 79 ! same diff]5t s5ses 9 :i* !y negate law = our future7 affirm = our future 9 contra/ to ! law4 ,accord+ to ,godw91 9 future ! g5]al happ9ess ought to be m5's controll+ pr9ciple 9 ! place ( law4 ,accord+ to ,/irn]1 9 future ! happ9ess ( self ought to be m5's controll+ pr9ciple 9 ! place ( law4 ,accord+ to ,tol/oi1 9 future love ought to be m5's controll+ pr9ciple 9 ! place ( law4 #c4 ,on ! o!r "p1 ! nomi/ic tea*+s "p company 9 reg>d to ! p>ticul> =m ( law t !y affirm = our future4 ,accord+ to ,tuck]1 ev5 9 future !re ought to exi/ enact$ law1 9 :i* ! w t creates ! law is expressly decl>$1#aafe z well z un5act$ law1 9 :i* su* an express decl>ation ( ?is w is n pres5t4 ,accord+ to ,bakun9 & ,kropotk91 9 future only un5act$ law w exi/4 ,accord+ to ,pr\dhon1 !re ought to exi/ 9 future only ! s+le legal norm t contracts mu/ be liv$ up to4#aaff ,,ii4 ,) reg>d to :at !y h 9 common 9 _! relation to law1 ! sev5 recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s "h pres5t$ may be tak5 z equival5t to ! entire body ( recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s4 ,9 _! relation to law !y h no?+ 9 common4 ,mu* less1 !re=e1 c ! entire body ( recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s h any?+ 9 common 9 _! relation to law4 ,fur!rmore1 z reg>ds ! specialties t !y exhibit 9 _! relation to law ! tea*+s "h pres5t$ may be tak5 z equival5t to ! entire body ( ,an>*i/ic tea*+s )\t limitation4 ,= ! specialties repres5t$ among !m c be arrang$ z a sy/em 9 :i* !re is no room left = any m co-ord9ate specialties1 b only = subord9ate4 ,no ,an>*i/ic tea*+1 !re=e1 c h any specialty t w n be subord9ate to ^! specialties4 ,!re=e1 :at is true ( ! sev5 tea*+s "h pres5t$ is true ( ,an>*i/ic tea*+s altoge!r4 ,9 _! relation to law !y h no?+ 9 common1 & are to be divid$ z foll[s ) respect to ! diff]5ces ( ?is relation3 ,anomi/ic ,tea*+s ,nomi/ic ,tea*+s ,godw9 ,pr\dhon ,/irn] ,bakun9 ,tol/oi ,kropotk9 ,tuck] #d4--,,! ,,/ate ,i4 ,9 _! relation to ! ,/ate--t is1 to ! legal relation by virtue ( :i* a supreme au?ority exi/s 9 a t]ritory--! sev5 tea*+s "h pres5t$ h some?+ 9 common4 #a4 ,!y h ?is 9 common1 t !y negate ! ,/ate = our future4 ,!re _c be giv5 a m precise def9ition ( :at ! tea*+s "h pres5t$ h 9 common 9 _! relation to ! ,/ate ?an has "h be5 giv54 ,= ! negation ( ! ,/ate = our future has totally diff]5t mean+s 9 !m4 ,9 ! cases ( ,godw91 ,/irn]1 ,tuck]1 & ,pr\dhon1 ! negation ( ! ,/ate = our future means t !y reject ! ,/ate unconditionally1 & h5ce = our future z well z ev]y:]e else3 ,godw9 because ! ,/ate always & ev]y:]e impairs ! g5]al happ9ess1 ,/irn] & ,tuck] because x always & ev]y:]e impairs ! individual's happ9ess1 ,pr\dhon because at all times & 9 all places ! ,/ate (f5ds aga9/ ju/ice4 ,9 ,tol/oi's case ! negation ( ! ,/ate = our future means t he rejects ! ,/ate1 ?\gh n unconditionally1 yet = our future1 because ! ,/ate is1 ?\gh n always & ev]y:]e1 yet "u our circum/ances1 m repugnant to love ?an its non-exi/5ce4 ,f9ally1 9 ! cases ( ,bakun9 & ,kropotk9 ! negation ( ! ,/ate = our future has ! mean+ t !y =esee t 9 our future ! progress ( evolution w aboli% ! ,/ate3 ,bakun9 mean+ mank9d's progress f a less p]fect exi/5ce to "o z p]fect z possible1 ,kropotk9 its progress f a less happy exi/5ce to "o z happy z possible4 #b4 ,z to :at !y affirm = our future 9 contra/ to ! ,/ate 79 ! same diff]5t s5ses 9 :i* !y negate ! ,/ate = our future7 ! sev5 tea*+s "h pres5t$ h no?+ 9 common4 ,"o "p ( !m affirm = our future1 9 contra/ to ! ,/ate1 a social human life 9 a volunt>y legal relation--to wit1 "u ! legal norm t contracts mu/ be liv$ up to2 ^! tea*+s may take ! "n ( f$]ali/ic4 ,! o!r "p ( !m affirm = our future1 9 contra/ to ! ,/ate1 a social human life )\t any legal relation--to wit1 "u ! same controll+ pr9ciple t !y affirm = our future 9 contra/ to law2 ^! tea*+s may be *>act]iz$ z spontani/ic4 ,f$]ali/ic are ! tea*+s ( ,pr\dhon1 ,bakun91 ,kropotk91 & ,tuck]2 spontani/ic ^? ( ,godw91#aafg ,/irn]1 & ,tol/oi4 #c4 ,! spontani/ic tea*+s 9 turn "p company 9 respect to ! non-legal controll+ pr9ciple :i* !y affirm 9 contra/ to ! ,/ate z ! basis ( ! social human life = our future4 ,accord+ to ,godw91 ! place ( ! ,/ate ought to be tak5 by a social human life bas$ on ! pr9ciple t ! g5]al happ9ess %\ld be e "o's rule ( action4 ,accord+ to ,/irn]1 ! place ( ! ,/ate ought to be tak5 by a social human life bas$ on ! pr9ciple t ea* "o's own happ9ess %\ld be 8 rule ( action4 ,accord+ to ,tol/oi1 ! place ( ! ,/ate ought to be tak5 by a social human life bas$ on ! pr9ciple t love %\ld be e "o's rule ( action4 ,,ii4 ,) reg>d to :at !y h 9 common 9 _! relation to ! ,/ate1 ! sev5 recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s "h pres5t$ may be tak5 z equival5t to ! entire body ( recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s4 ,9 _! relation to ! ,/ate !y h only ?is "o ?+ 9 common1 t !y negate ! ,/ate = our future--& 9 v diff]5t s5ses at t4 ,b ?is is common to all recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s3 obs]vation ( any recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+ %[s t 9 "o s5se or ano!r x negates ! ,/ate = our future4 ,fur!rmore1 z reg>ds ! specialties t !y exhibit 9 _! relation to ! ,/ate ! tea*+s "h pres5t$ may be tak5 z equival5t to ! entire body ( ,an>*i/ic tea*+s )\t limitation4 ,= ! specialties repres5t$ among !m c be arrang$ z a sy/em :i* af=ds no room = any m co-ord9ate specialties1 b only = subord9ate4 ,no ,an>*i/ic tea*+1 !re=e1 c h any specialty t w n be subord9ate to ^! specialties4 ,!re=e1 :at is true ( ! sev5 tea*+s "h pres5t$ is true ( ! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s altoge!r4 ,9 _! relation to ! ,/ate !y h 9 common _! negat+ ! ,/ate = our future2 & ) reg>d to ! diff]5ces 9 :at !y affirm = our future 9 contra/ to ! ,/ate !y are to be divid$ z %[n 9 ! table on page #bhj4 ,f$]ali/ic ,tea*+s ,spontani/ic ,tea*+s ,pr\dhon ,godw9 ,bakun9 ,/irn] ,kropotk9 ,tol/oi ,tuck] #e4--,,prop]ty ,i4 ,9 _! relation to prop]ty--t is1 to t legal relation by virtue ( :i* "s "o has )9 a c]ta9 gr\p ( m5 ! exclusive privilege ( ultimately dispos+ ( a ?+--! sev5 tea*+s "h pres5t$ h no?+ 9 common4 #a4 ,"o "p ( !m negate prop]ty = our future2 ^! tea*+s may be *>act]iz$ z indom9i/ic4 ,! o!r "p affirm x = our future2 ^! tea*+s may be call$ dom9i/ic4 ,indom9i/ic are ! tea*+s ( ,godw91 ,pr\dhon1 ,/irn]1 & ,tol/oi2 dom9i/ic ! tea*+s ( ,bakun91 ,kropotk91 & ,tuck]4 ,!re _c be giv5 a m precise def9ition ( :at is common to ! indom9i/ic tea*+s on ! "o h& & to ! dom9i/ic on ! o!r1 & :at is peculi> to ! "o gr\p z aga9/ ! o!r1 ?an has "h be5 giv54 ,= bo? ! affirmation & ! negation ( prop]ty = our future h totally diff]5t mean+s 9 ! diff]5t tea*+s4 ,9 ! cases ( ,godw91 ,/irn]1 & ,pr\dhon1 ! negation ( prop]ty = our future means t !y reject prop]ty unconditionally1 & s = our future z well z else:]e3 ,godw9 because x is always & ev]y:]e contr>y to ! g5]al happ9ess1 ,/irn] because x is always & ev]y:]e contr>y to ! individual's happ9ess1 ,pr\dhon because x always & ev]y:]e (f5ds aga9/ ju/ice4 ,9 ,tol/oi's case ! mean+ ( ! negation ( prop]ty = our future is t he rejects prop]ty1 ?\gh n absolutely1 yet = our future1 because x is1 ?\gh n at all times & 9 all places1 yet "u our circum/ances1 9 a high] degree repugnant to love ?an is its non-exi/5ce4 ,9 ,tuck]'s case ! affirmation ( prop]ty = our future means t he approves prop]ty z su* 7?\gh c]ta9ly n e p>ticul> =m ( prop]ty7 unconditionally1 & h5ce = our future z well z else:]e1 because prop]ty z su* is nev] & n[h]e contr>y to ! individual's happ9ess4#aafh ,f9ally1 9 ! cases ( ,bakun9 & ,kropotk9 ! affirmation ( prop]ty = our future is z mu* z to say t !y =esee t 9 our future ! progress ( evolution w leave 9 exi/5ce prop]ty z su*1 ev5 ?\gh n ! pres5t p>ticul> =m ( prop]ty3 ,bakun9 mean+ mank9d's progress f a less p]fect exi/5ce to "o z p]fect z possible1 ,kropotk9 its progress f a less happy exi/5ce to "o z happy z possible4 #b4 ,! indom9i/ic tea*+s "p company aga9 z to :at !y affirm = our future 79 ! same diff]5t s5ses 9 :i* !y negate prop]ty = our future7 9 contra/ to prop]ty4 ,accord+ to ,pr\dhon1 a di/ribution ( goods det]m9$ by a volunt>y legal relation1 & bas$ on ! legal norm t contracts ought to be liv$ up to1 ought to take ! place ( prop]ty4 ,accord+ to ,godw91 ,/irn]1 & ,tol/oi1 ! place ( prop]ty ought to be tak5 by a di/ribution )\t any legal relation1 bas$ r on ! same rule ( action t is affirm$ by !m 9 contra/ to law4 ,accord+ to ,godw91 !re=e1 t di/ribution ( goods :i* is to take ! place ( prop]ty ought to be bas$ on :at is prescrib$ to ea* "o by ! g5]al happ9ess4 ,accord+ to ,/irn] x ought to be bas$ on :at is prescrib$ to ea* "o by 8 own happ9ess4 ,accord+ to ,tol/oi x ought to be bas$ on :at is prescrib$ to ea* "o by love4 #c4 ,! dom9i/ic tea*+s on _! side "p company aga9 z to ! p>ticul> =m ( prop]ty t !y affirm = our future4 ,accord+ to ,tuck] !re ought to exi/ 9 future1 z at pres5t1 bo? prop]ty ( ! individual & prop]ty ( ! collectivity1 9 all ?+s indiscrim9ately4#aafi ,?is tea*+ may be call$ individuali/ic4 ,accord+ to ,bakun91 9 future !re w exi/ prop]ty ( ! individual & ( ! entire community only 9 goods = consumption1 indiscrim9ately1 :ile 9 ! mat]ials & in/rum5ts ( production !re w be solely prop]ty ( ! collectivity4 ,?is tea*+ may be *>act]iz$ z collectivi/ic4 ,accord+ to ,kropotk91 9 future !re w exi/ solely prop]ty ( ! collectivity 9 all ?+s indiscrim9ately4 ,?is tea*+ may be call$ communi/ic4 ,,ii4 ,) reg>d to :at !y h 9 common 9 _! relation to prop]ty1 ! sev5 ,an>*i/ic tea*+s "h pres5t$ may be tak5 z equival5t to ! entire body ( recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s4 ,!y h no?+ 9 common 9 _! relation to prop]ty4 ,all ! m is x impossible1 !re=e1 t ! entire body ( recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s %\ld 9 _! relation to prop]ty h any?+ 9 common4 ,fur!rmore1 9 reg>d to ! specialties t !y exhibit 9 _! relation to prop]ty ! tea*+s "h pres5t$ may be tak5 z equival5t to ! entire body ( ,an>*i/ic tea*+s )\t limitation4 ,= ! specialties repres5t$ among !m c be arrang$ z a sy/em 9 :i* !re is no room left = any m co-ord9ate specialties1 b only = subord9ate4 ,no ,an>*i/ic tea*+1 !re=e1 c h any specialty t w n be subord9ate to ^! specialties4 ,!re=e1 :at is true ( ! sev5 tea*+s "h pres5t$ is true ( ,an>*i/ic tea*+s altoge!r4 ,!y h no?+ 9 common 9 _! relation to prop]ty1 & are to be divid$ ) respect to ! diff]5ces ( ?is relation z %[n 9 ! table on page #bhd4 ,indom9i/ic ,dom9i/ic ,tea*+s ,tea*+s ---------------------------------------- ------ ,individuali/ic,collectivi/ic,communi/ic ,godw9 ,tuck] ,bakun9 ,kropotk9 ,pr\dhon ,/irn] ,tol/oi #f4--,,realization ,i4 ,) reg>d to ! mann] 9 :i* !y conceive _! realization--t is1 ! transition f ! negat$ condition to ! affirm$ condition--z tak+ place1 ! sev5 tea*+s "h pres5t$ h no?+ 9 common4 #a4 ,! "o "p ( !m conceive _! realization z tak+ place )\t brea* ( law3 !y h 9 m9d a transition f ! negat$ to ! affirm$ condition m]ely by ! application ( legal norms ( ! negat$ condition2 ^! tea*+s may be *>act]iz$ z re=matory4 ,re=matory are ! tea*+s ( ,godw9 & ,pr\dhon4 ,! o!r "p conceive _! realization z a brea* ( law3 !y h 9 m9d a transition f ! negat$ to ! affirm$ condition ) violation ( legal norms ( ! negat$ condition2 ^! tea*+s may be call$ revolution>y4 ,revolution>y are ! tea*+s ( ,/irn]1 ,bakun91 ,kropotk91 ,tuck]1 & ,tol/oi4 ,!re _c be giv5 a m precise def9ition ( :at is common to ! re=matory tea*+s on ! "o h&1 to ! revolution>y on ! o!r1 & :at is peculi> to ! "o gr\p z aga9/ ! o!r1 ?an has "h be5 giv54 ,= ! conceiv+ ! transition f a negat$ to an affirm$ condition z tak+ place 9 any giv5 way has totally diff]5t mean+s 9 ! diff]5t tea*+s4 ,if ,godw91 ,pr\dhon1 ,/irn]1 ,tuck]1 & ,tol/oi conceive ! transition f a negat$ to an affirm$ condition z tak+ place 9 any giv5 way1 ?is is z mu* z to say t !y dem& t we %\ld 9 a giv5 way fir/ prep>e =1 & !n effect1 ! transition f a disapprov$ to an approv$ condition4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ,bakun9 & ,kropotk9 conceive ! transition f a negat$ to an affirm$ condition z tak+ place 9 any giv5 way1 ?is means t !y =esee t 9 ! progress ( evolution ! transition f a disappe>+ to a newly-appe>+ condition w ( itself take place 9 a giv5 way1 & t !y only dem& t we %\ld make a c]ta9 sort ( prep>ation = ?is transition4 #b4 ,! revolution>y tea*+s "p company aga9 z to ! fa%ion 9 :i* !y conceive ( ! brea* ( law t helps 9 ! transition f ! negat$ to ! affirm$ condition4 ,"s ( !m conceive ( ! brea* ( law z tak+ place )\t ! employm5t ( =ce2 ^! tea*+s may be *>act]iz$ z r5it5t4 ,r5it5t are ! tea*+s ( ,tuck] & ,tol/oi3 ,tuck] conceiv+ ! brea* ( law *iefly z a refusal to pay taxes & r5t & an infr+em5t ( ! bank+ monopoly1 ,tol/oi especially z a refusal to d milit>y1 police1 or jury s]vice1 & also to pay taxes4 ,! o!r revolution>y tea*+s conceive ( ! brea* ( law t helps 9 ! transition f ! negat$ to ! affirm$ condition z tak+ place ) ! employm5t ( =ce2 ^! tea*+s may take ! "n ( insurg5t4 ,insurg5t are ! tea*+s ( ,/irn]1 ,bakun91 & ,kropotk93 ,/irn] & ,bakun9 conceiv+ only ( ! transition itself z att5d$ ) ! use ( viol5ce1 b ,kropotk9 also ( prep>ation = x by su* acts 7propag&a ( de$74 ,,ii4 ,) reg>d to :at !y h 9 common 9 respect ( ! conceiv$ mann] ( realization1 ! sev5 recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s :i* h be5 pres5t$ may be tak5 z equival5t to ! entire body ( recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s4 ,9 respect ( ! conceiv$ mann] ( realization !y h no?+ 9 common4 ,mu* less1 !re=e1 c ! entire body ( recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s h any?+ 9 common 9 ?is respect4 ,fur!rmore1 z reg>ds ! specialties t !y exhibit 9 respect ( ! conceiv$ mann] ( realization ! tea*+s "h pres5t$ may be tak5 z equival5t to ! entire body ( ,an>*i/ic tea*+s )\t limitation4 ,= ! specialties repres5t$ among !m c be arrang$ z a sy/em 9 :i* !re is no room left = any m co-ord9ate specialties1 b only = subord9ate4 ,no ,an>*i/ic tea*+1 !re=e1 c h any specialty t w n be subord9ate to ^! specialties4 ,!re=e1 :at is true ( ! sev5 tea*+s "h pres5t$ is true ( ! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s altoge!r4 ,9 respect ( ! conceiv$ mann] ( realization !y h no?+ 9 common1 & are to be arrang$ z foll[s ) ref]5ce to ! diff]5ces !re93 ,re=matory ,revolution>y ,tea*+s ,tea*+s ----------------------------- ,r5it5t ,insurg5t ,godw9 ,tuck] ,/irn] ,pr\dhon ,tol/oi ,bakun9 ,kropotk9 ,,footnotes3 #aafd ,i %all n indorse ?is /atem5t till ,i und]/& x1 & ,i d\bt if ,tuck] w4 ,p]haps ,eltzba*] might h be5 cont5t ) say+ is 9 no case m injuri\s to ! happ9ess ( mo/ individuals ?an its non-exi/5ce4 #aafe ,?is1 if int]pret$ by ,eltzba*]'s quotations f ,tuck]1 mu/ ref] to ! "r ( a volunt>y association ( any sort to make rules = its own memb]s4 ,b 9 ?is s5se x seems 9 ! highe/ degree d\btful :e!r ,eltzba*] is ju/ifi$ 9 d5y+ ! same to all ! o!r six1 :o h omitt$ to m5tion ?is po9t 7p]haps reg>d+ x z self-evid5t7 :ile !y 7 talk+ aga9/ laws 9 ! s5se ( laws compulsorily b9d+ ev]ybody 9 ! l&4 #aaff ,b see on ,pr\dhon & ,/irn] my notes on pages #hj & #ig4 #aafg ,x w be se5 by consult+ ! footnotes on pages #df1 #dg1 & #dh t ! w>rants = ?is /atem5t ab\t ,godw9 are drawn exclusively f ! fir/ "o-fif? ( 8 book1 contr>y to ,eltzba*]'s pr(ession at ! top ( page #da2 t ! passages quot$ v]batim are n 9 ,godw9's second edition2 & t ! quotations :i* are n v]batim are ( d\btful correctness by ! second edition4 ,?is makes x appe> t ,godw9's sweep+ rejection ( ! pr9ciple ( contract 0 "o ( ^? ov]-ha/y propositions ab\t :i* he *ang$ 8 m9d ev5 be=e !y 7 publi%$ 7see 8 words quot$ on page #dj1 & ! preface to 8 second edition74 ,yet ,i am n prep>$ to ass]t t ,godw9 w\ld at any "t h made contract ! basis ( 8 civil ord]4 #aafh ,on ,pr\dhon1 ,/irn]1 ,tuck]1 see my notes on pages #hj1 #ig1 #bgd4 #aafi ,we are gett+ into an ambiguity ( language "h4 ,! collectivity 9 :i* ,kropotk9 ve/s prop]ty is1 z ,i und]/&1 ! entire population2 ! only collectivity :i* ,tuck] c\ld recognize z own+ prop]ty w\ld be a volunt>y association1 ^: memb]%ip1 :e!r l>ge or small1 w\ld 9 g5]al be limit$ by ! arbitr>y *oice ( m54 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,an>*ism ,,& ,,its ,,species ,i4--,,errors ,,ab\t ,,an>*ism ,,& ,,its ,,species ,x has n[ become possible to set aside "s ( ! num]\s errors ab\t ,an>*ism & its species4 ,i4 ,x is said t ,an>*ism has aboli%$ morality & bases itself ^u sci5tific mat]ialism1#aagj t its ideal ( society is det]m9$ by its peculi> conception ( ! way ?+s come to pass 9 hi/ory4#aaga ,if ?is 7 correct1 ! tea*+s ( ,godw91 ,pr\dhon1 ,/irn]1 ,tuck]1 ,tol/oi1 & v _m o!r recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s1 w\ld h to be reg>d$ z n ,an>*i/ic4 #b4 ,x is ass]t$ t ,an>*ism sets up ! happ9ess ( ! individual z f9al goal1#aagb t x appraises e human action f ! ab/ract view-po9t ( ! unlimit$ "r ( ! individual1#aagc t to x ! supreme law is n ! g5]al welf>e b e individual's free pref]5ce4#aagd ,7 ?is really ! case1 we %\ld h to look ^u ! tea*+s ( ,godw91 ,pr\dhon1 ,bakun91 ,kropotk91 ,tol/oi1 & a multitude ( o!r recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s1 z n ,an>*i/ic4 #c4 ,! moral law ( ju/ice is set d[n z ,an>*ism's supreme law4#aage ,7 ?is ass]tion correct1 ! tea*+s ( ,godw91 ,/irn]1 ,bakun91 ,kropotk91 ,tuck]1 ,tol/oi1 & num]\s o!r recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s1 c\ld n rank z ,an>*i/ic4 #d4 ,x is said t ,an>*ism culm9ates 9 ! negation ( e programme1#aagf t x has only a negative goal4#aagg ,if ?is 7 9 accordance ) tru?1 ! tea*+s ( ,godw91 ,pr\dhon1 ,/irn]1 ,bakun91 ,kropotk91 ,tuck]1 ,tol/oi1 & well-nigh all o!r recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s1 w\ld n admit ( be+ reg>d$ z ,an>*i/ic4 #e4 ,x is ass]t$ t ,an>*ism rejects law1#aagh ! compulsion ( law4#aagi ,if ?is 7 s1 ! tea*+s ( ,pr\dhon1 ,bakun91 ,kropotk91 ,tuck]1 & v _m o!r recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s1 c\ld n rank z ,an>*i/ic4 #f4 ,x is decl>$ t ,an>*ism rejects society1#aahj t its ideal consi/s 9 wip+ out society to make a fre% />t1#aaha t = x fell[%ip exi/s only to be combat$4#aahb ,7 ?is correct1 we %\ld h to look ^u ! tea*+s ( ,godw91 ,pr\dhon1 ,/irn]1 ,bakun91 ,kropotk91 ,tuck]1 ,tol/oi1 & pretty ne>ly all o!r recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s1 z n ,an>*i/ic4 #g4 ,x is said t ,an>*ism dem&s ! abolition ( ! ,/ate1#aahc wills to de/roy ! ,/ate (f ! face ( ! e>?1#aahd wills to h ! ,/ate 9 no =m at all1#aahe wills to h no gov]nm5t4#aahf ,if ?is 7 correct1 ! tea*+s ( ,bakun9 & ,kropotk91 & all ! o!r recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s :i* only =esee ! abolition ( ! ,/ate b d n dem& x1 c\ld n rank z ,an>*i/ic4 #h4 ,x is ass]t$ t 9 ,an>*ism's future society ! individual's cons5t b9ds him only s long z he is dispos$ to keep x up4#aahg ,7 ?is really s1 !n ! tea*+s ( ,pr\dhon1 ,bakun91 ,kropotk91 ,tuck]1 & v _m o!r recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s1 w\ld h to be look$ ^u z n ,an>*i/ic4 #i4 ,x is said t ,an>*ism wills to put a f$]ation 9 ! place ( ! ,/ate1#aahh t :at x is /riv+ = is ! ord]+ ( all public affairs by free contracts among f$]ali/ically in/itut$ communes & societies4#aahi ,7 ?is 9 accordance ) tru?1 ! tea*+s ( ,godw91 ,/irn]1 ,tol/oi1 & v _m o!r recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s1 w\ld n admit ( be+ reg>d$ z ,an>*i/ic1 & no m w\ld ! tea*+s ( ,bakun9 & ,kropotk9 & ! re/ ( ! recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s t d n dem&1 b only =esee1 a fell[%ip ( contract4 #aj4 ,x is decl>$ t ,an>*ism rejects prop]ty4#aaij ,if ?is 7 correct1 we %\ld h to rate ! tea*+s ( ,bakun91 ,kropotk91 ,tuck]1 & all ! o!r recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s t affirm prop]ty ei!r unconditionally or at any rate 9 "s p>ticul> =m1 z n ,an>*i/ic4 #aa4 ,x is ass]t$ t ,an>*ism rejects private prop]ty1#aaia endeavors to e/abli% community ( goods1#aaib is necess>ily communi/ic4#aaic ,7 ,an>*ism necess>ily communi/ic1 !n1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! tea*+s ( ,godw91 ,pr\dhon1 ,/irn]1 ,tol/oi1 & all ! o!r recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s :i* negate prop]ty 9 e =m1 ev5 z ! prop]ty ( society1 c\ld n rank z ,an>*i/ic2 & fur!rmore1 nei!r c\ld ! tea*+s ( ,tuck] & ,bakun91 & su* o!r recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s z affirm private prop]ty ei!r 9 all ?+s or at lea/ 9 goods = direct consumption4 ,& if 9 addition to ?is x 7 a matt] ( rejection or endeavor1 !n n ev5 ,kropotk9's tea*+1 & ! re/ ( ! recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s :i* d n dem&1 b =esee1 a communi/ic =m ( prop]ty1 c\ld be reg>d$ z ,an>*i/ic4 #ab4 ,a di/9ction is made betwe5 ,communi/1 ,collectivi/1 & ,individuali/ ,an>*ism1#aaid or simply betwe5 ,communi/ & ,individuali/ ,an>*ism4#aaie ,7 ! fir/ division a complete "o1 ! tea*+s ( ,godw91 ,pr\dhon1 ,/irn]1 ,tol/oi1 & all ! o!r recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s t d n affirm prop]ty 9 any =m1 c\ld n rank z ,an>*i/ic2 7 ! second complete1 ^! aga9 c\ld n1 nor yet c\ld ,bakun9's tea*+ & su* o!r recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s z affirm a prop]ty 9 ! means ( production only = society1 b 9 ! supplies ( consumption = individuals also4 #ac4 ,x is said t ,an>*ism prea*es crime1#aaif looks to a viol5t revolution = ! initiation ( ! new condition1#aaig seeks to atta9 its goal ) ! help ( all ag5cies1 ev5 !ft & murd]4#aaih ,if ,an>*ism conceiv$ ( its realization z tak+ place by crime1 we %\ld h to look ^u ! tea*+s ( ,godw9 & ,pr\dhon & v _m m recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s z n ,an>*i/ic2 &1 if x conceiv$ ( its realization z tak+ place by crim9al acts ( viol5ce1 ! tea*+s ( ,tuck] & ,tol/oi & num]\s o!r recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s w\ld also h to be reg>d$ z n ,an>*i/ic4 #ad4 ,x is ass]t$ t ,an>*ism recognizes ! propag&a ( de$ z a means t[>d its realization4#aaii ,if ?is 7 correct1 ! tea*+s ( ,godw91 ,pr\dhon1 ,/irn]1 ,bakun91 ,tuck]1 ,tol/oi1 & mo/ ( ! o!r recogniz$ ,an>*i/ic tea*+s1 c\ld n rank z ,an>*i/ic4 #b4--,,! ,,concepts ,,( ,,an>*ism ,,& ,,its ,,species ,x is n[ possible1 fur!rmore1 to det]m9e ! common & special qualities ( ! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s1 to assign !m a place 9 ! total realm ( our exp]i5ce1 & ?us to def9e conceptually ,an>*ism & its species4 ,i4 ,! common & special qualities ( ! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s4 #a4 ,! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s h 9 common only ?is1 t !y negate ! ,/ate = our future4 ,9 ! cases ( ,godw91 ,pr\dhon1 ,/irn]1 & ,tuck]1 ! negation means t !y reject ! ,/ate unconditionally1 & s = our future z well z else:]e2 9 ! case ( ,tol/oi x means t he rejects ! ,/ate1 ?\gh n unconditionally1 yet = our future2 9 ! cases ( ,bakun9 & ,kropotk9 x means t !y =esee t 9 future ! progress ( evolution w d away ) ! ,/ate4 #b4 ,z to _! basis1 ! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s are classifiable z g5etic1 recogniz+ z ! supreme law ( human proc$ure m]ely a law ( nature 7,bakun91 ,kropotk97 & critical1 reg>d+ a norm z ! supreme law ( human proc$ure4 ,! critical tea*+s1 aga91 are classifiable z ideali/ic1 ^: supreme law is a duty 7,pr\dhon1 ,tol/oi71 & eudemoni/ic1 ^: supreme law is happ9ess4 ,! eudemoni/ic tea*+s1 f9ally1 are on _! "p fur!r classifiable z altrui/ic1 = :i* ! g5]al happ9ess is supreme law 7,godw971 & egoi/ic1 = :i* ! individual's happ9ess takes ?is rank 7,/irn]1 ,tuck]74 ,z to :at !y affirm = our future 9 contra/ to ! ,/ate1 ! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s are ei!r f$]ali/ic--t is1 !y affirm = our future a social human life on ! basis ( ! legal norm t contracts mu/ be liv$ up to 7,pr\dhon1 ,bakun91 ,kropotk91 ,tuck]7--or spontani/ic--t is1 !y affirm = our future a social human life on ! basis ( a non-juridical controll+ pr9ciple 7,godw91 ,/irn]1 ,tol/oi74 ,z to _! relation to law1 a "p ( ! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s are anomi/ic1 negat+ law = our future 7,godw91 ,/irn]1 ,tol/oi72 ! o!r "p are nomi/ic1 affirm+ x = our future 7,pr\dhon1 ,bakun91 ,kropotk91 ,tuck]74 ,z to _! relation to prop]ty1 ! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s are p>tly indom9i/ic1 negat+ prop]ty = our future 7,godw91 ,pr\dhon1 ,/irn]1 ,tol/oi71 p>tly dom9i/ic1 affirm+ x = our future4 ,! dom9i/ic tea*+s1 aga91 are p>tly individuali/ic1 affirm+ prop]ty1 )\t limitation1 = ! individual z well z = ! collectivity 7,tuck]71 p>tly collectivi/ic1 affirm+ z to supplies = direct consumption a prop]ty t w sometimes be ! individual's1 b z to ! means ( production a prop]ty t is only = ! collectivity 7,bakun971 &1 f9ally1 p>tly communi/ic1 affirm+ prop]ty solely = ! collectivity 7,kropotk974 ,z to h[ !y conceive _! realization1 ! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s divide into ! re=matory1 :i* conceive ! transition f ! negat$ to ! affirm$ condition z )\t brea* ( law 7,godw91 ,pr\dhon71 & revolution>y1 :i* conceive ?is transition z a brea* ( law4 ,! revolution>y tea*+s1 aga91 divide into r5it5t1 :i* conceive ! brea* ( law z )\t ! use ( =ce 7,tuck]1 ,tol/oi7 & insurg5t1 :i* conceive x z att5d$ by ! use ( =ce 7,/irn]1 ,bakun91 ,kropotk974 ,,ii4 ,! place ( ! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s 9 ! total realm ( our exp]i5ce4 #a4 ,!re mu/ be di/+ui%$ ?ree l9es ( ?\ght 9 ! philosophy ( law3 t is1 ?ree fa%ions ( judg+ law4 ,! fir/ is jurisprud5tial dogmatism4 ,x judges :e!r a legal in/itution ought to exi/ or n1 & x judges q unconditionally1 solely by :at ! in/itution consi/s (1 )\t reg>d to its effect "u ?is or t p>ticul> set ( circum/ances4 ,x embraces1 !re=e1 ! doctr9es ( a prop] law3 t is1 ! s*ools t seek to det]m9e :at law--= in/ance1 :e!r ! legal in/itution ( m>riage--is "u all circum/ances to be approv$ or to be disapprov$4 ,its be/ kn[n =m is natural law4 ,! weakness ( jurisprud5tial dogmatism lies 9 its n tak+ acc\nt ( ! fact t our judgm5t ( legal in/itutions mu/ dep5d on _! effects1 & t "o & ! same legal in/itution has "u diff]5t circum/ances altoge!r diff]5t effects4 ,! second l9e ( ?\ght is jurisprud5tial skepticism4 ,9 view ( ! weakness ( jurisprud5tial dogmatism x =egoes judgm5t on :e!r a legal in/itution ought to exi/ or n1 & pron\nces judgm5t only on :e!r ! t5d5cy ( evolution gives gr\nd = expect+ t a legal in/itution w p]si/ or disappe>1 arise or rema9 non-exi/5t4 ,x embraces1 !re=e1 ! doctr9es ( ! evolution ( law3 t is1 ! s*ools t und]take to in=m u :at sort ( law is to be expect$ 9 future--= in/ance1 :e!r ! legal in/itution ( m>riage has a prospect ( rema9+ 9 =ce among u4 ,its be/-kn[n =ms are ! hi/orical s*ool 9 ! sci5ce ( law1 & ,m>xism4 ,! weakness ( jurisprud5tial skepticism consi/s 9 its n meet+ our want ( a sci5tific basis t %all enable u to recognize z correct or incorrect ! incessantly-appe>+ judgm5ts on ! value ( legal in/itutions1 & to approve or disapprove ! manifold propositions = *anges 9 law4 ,! ?ird l9e ( ?\ght is jurisprud5tial criticism4 ,9 view ( ! weakness ( jurisprud5tial dogmatism x =egoes pass+ judgm5t1 )\t reg>d to ! p>ticul> circum/ances "u :i* a legal in/itution op]ates1 on :e!r t in/itution ought to exi/ or n2 b yet 9 view ( ! weakness ( jurisprud5tial skepticism x does n =ego answ]+ ! "q :e!r a legal in/itution ought to exi/ or n4 ,x !re=e sets up a supreme gov]n+ pr9ciple by :i* legal in/itutions are to be judg$ ) reg>d to ! p>ticul> circum/ances "u :i* !y op]ate1 ! po9t be+ :e!r1 "u ! p>ticul> circum/ances "u :i* a legal in/itution op]ates1 x fulfils t supreme gov]n+ pr9ciple z well z is possible "u ^! circum/ances1 or at lea/ bett] ?an any o!r legal in/itution4 ,x embraces1 !re=e1 ! doctr9es ( ! propriety ( law3 t is1 ! s*ools t set up fundam5tal pr9ciples by :i* x is to be det]m9$ :at law--= in/ance1 :e!r ! legal in/itution ( m>riage--ought "u any p>ticul> circum/ances to exi/ or n to exi/4 #b4 ,) respect to ! ,/ate ^! ?ree l9es ( ?\ght 9 ! philosophy ( law may arrive at diff]5t judgm5ts1 ea* "o f its /&po9t4 ,fir/1 to ! affirmation ( ! ,/ate4 ,s f> z ! s*ools ( jurisprud5tial dogmatism affirm ! ,/ate1 !y approve ( x unconditionally1 & s = our future z well z else:]e1 )\t any reg>d to its effects "u ?is or t p>ticul> set ( circum/ances4 ,among ! num]\s affirmative doctr9es ( ! ,/ate 9 ! s5se ( jurisprud5tial dogmatism1 ! tea*+s ( ,hobbes1 ,hegel1 & ,jh]+ may p]haps be select$ = emphasis z belong+ to diff]5t sections ( hi/ory4 ,s f> z ! doctr9es ( jurisprud5tial skepticism affirm ! ,/ate1 !y =esee1 look+ to ! c\rse evolution is tak+1 t 9 our future ! ,/ate w cont9ue to exi/4 ,! mo/ notable repres5tatives ( jurisprud5tial skepticism1 su* z ,pu*ta & ,m]kel1 h (f]$ no tea*+ reg>d+ ! ,/ate2 b affirmative doctr9es ( ! ,/ate 9 ! s5se ( jurisprud5tial skepticism may be f\nd1 = in/ance1 9 ,montaigne & ,b]n/e94 ,f9ally1 s f> z ! doctr9es ( jurisprud5tial criticism affirm ! ,/ate1 !y comm5d x = our future 9 consid]ation ( ! p>ticul> circum/ances t at pres5t prevail 9 our case4 ,jurisprud5tial criticism has ?us f> be5 mo/ cle>ly set =? by ,/amml]1 :o1 h[ev]1 has (f]$ no tea*+ ) reg>d to ! ,/ate2 b1 = in/ance1 ,sp5c]'s tea*+ may rank z an affirmative doctr9e ( ! ,/ate 9 ! s5se ( jurisprud5tial criticism4 ,second1 ! ?ree l9es ( ?\ght 9 ! philosophy ( law may arrive at ! negation ( ! ,/ate1 ea* "o f its /&po9t4 ,s f> z ! doctr9es ( jurisprud5tial dogmatism negate ! ,/ate1 !y reject x unconditionally1 & s = our future z well z else:]e1 )\t any reg>d to its effects "u ?is or t p>ticul> set ( circum/ances4 ,negative doctr9es ( ! ,/ate 9 ! s5se ( jurisprud5tial dogmatism are ! tea*+s ( ,godw91 ,pr\dhon1 ,/irn]1 & ,tuck]4 ,s f> z ! doctr9es ( jurisprud5tial skepticism negate ! ,/ate1 !y =esee1 look+ to ! c\rse evolution is tak+1 t 9 our future ! ,/ate w disappe>4 ,negative doctr9es ( ! ,/ate 9 ! s5se ( jurisprud5tial skepticism are ! tea*+s ( ,bakun9 & ,kropotk94 ,s f> z ! doctr9es ( jurisprud5tial criticism negate ! ,/ate1 !y reject x = our future 9 consid]ation ( ! p>ticul> circum/ances t at pres5t prevail 9 our case4 ,a negative doctr9e ( ! ,/ate 9 ! s5se ( jurisprud5tial criticism is ,tol/oi's tea*+4 #c4 ,!re=e1 ! place ( ! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s 9 ! total realm ( our exp]i5ce is def9$ by ! fact t !y1 z a species ( doctr9e ab\t ! ,/ate 9 ! philosophy ( law1--to wit1 z negative doctr9es ( ! ,/ate1--/& 9 opposition to ! o!r species ( doctr9e ab\t ! ,/ate1 ! affirmative doctr9es ( ! ,/ate4 ,?is may be repres5t$ z %[n 9 ! table on ! foll[+ page4 ,,iii4 ,! concepts ( ,an>*ism & its species4 #a4 ,an>*ism is ! negation ( ! ,/ate 9 ! philosophy ( law3 t is1 x is t species ( jurisprud5tial doctr9e ( ! ,/ate :i* negates ! ,/ate4 #b4 ,an ,an>*i/ic tea*+ _c be complete )\t /at+ on :at basis x re/s1 :at condition x affirms 9 contra/ to ! ,/ate1 & h[ x conceives ! transition to ?is condition z tak+ place4 ,a basis1 an affirmative side1 & a conception ( ! transition to t :i* x affirms1 are necess>y con/itu5ts ( any ,an>*i/ic tea*+4 ,) reg>d to ^! con/itu5ts ! foll[+ species ( ,an>*ism may be di/+ui%$4 ,affirmative ,doctr9es,negative ,doctr9es ( ! ,/ate ( ! ,/ate ,hobbes ,godw9 ,9 ! s5se ( ,hegel ,pr\dhon jurisprud5tial ,jh]+ ,/irn] dogmatism ,tuck] ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,9 ! s5se ( ,montaigne ,bakun9 jurisprud5tial ,b]n/e9 ,kropotk9 skepticism ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,9 ! s5se ( jurisprud5tial ,sp5c] ,tol/oi criticism ,fir/1 z to basis1 g5etic ,an>*ism1 :i* recognizes z supreme law ( human proc$ure only a law ( nature 7,bakun91 ,kropotk971 & critical ,an>*ism1 :i* reg>ds a norm z supreme law ( human proc$ure2 z subspecies ( critical ,an>*ism1 ideali/ic ,an>*ism1 ^: supreme law is a duty 7,pr\dhon1 ,tol/oi71 & eudemoni/ic ,an>*ism1 ^: supreme law is happ9ess2 &1 f9ally1 z subspecies ( eudemoni/ic ,an>*ism1 altrui/ic ,an>*ism1 = :i* ! supreme law is ! g5]al happ9ess 7,godw971 & egoi/ic ,an>*ism1 = :i* ! supreme law is ! individual's happ9ess 7,/irn]1 ,tuck]74 ,second1 z to ! condition affirm$ 9 contra/ to ! ,/ate1 !re may be di/+ui%$ f$]ali/ic ,an>*ism1 :i* affirms = our future a social human life accord+ to ! legal norm t contracts mu/ be liv$ up to 7,pr\dhon1 ,bakun91 ,kropotk91 ,tuck]71 & spontani/ic ,an>*ism1 :i* affirms = our future a social life accord+ to a non-juridical gov]n+ pr9ciple 7,godw91 ,/irn]1 ,tol/oi74 ,?ird1 z to ! conception ( ! transition to ! affirm$ condition1 !re may be di/+ui%$ re=matory ,an>*ism1 :i* conceives ! transition f ! ,/ate to ! condition affirm$ 9 contra/ !reto z tak+ place )\t brea* ( law 7,godw91 ,pr\dhon71 & revolution>y ,an>*ism1 :i* conceives ?is transition z a brea* ( law2 z subspecies ( revolution>y ,an>*ism1 r5it5t ,an>*ism1 :i* conceives ! brea* ( law z )\t ! use ( viol5ce 7,tuck]1 ,tol/oi71 & insurg5t ,an>*ism1 :i* conceives x z att5d$ by ! use ( viol5ce 7,/irn]1 ,bakun91 ,kropotk974 #c4 ,an ,an>*i/ic tea*+ may be complete )\t tak+ up a position t[>d law or prop]ty4 ,:5ev]1 !re=e1 an ,an>*i/ic tea*+ takes up a position t[>d ! "o or ! o!r1 x conta9s an accid5tal adjunct4 ,! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s t conta9 ?is adjunct may be classifi$ accord+ to its "*2 b1 s9ce ,an>*ism z su* c be classifi$ only accord+ to ! "* ( ! necess>y con/itu5ts ( e ,an>*i/ic tea*+1 su* a classification does n give u species ( ,an>*ism4 ,s f> z ! ,an>*i/ic tea*+s take up a position t[>d law1 !y are ei!r anomi/ic--t is1 !y negate law = our future 7,godw91 ,/irn]1 ,tol/oi7--or nomi/ic--t is1 !y affirm x = our future 7,pr\dhon1 ,bakun91 ,kropotk91 ,tuck]74 ,s f> z !y take up a position t[>d prop]ty1 !y are ei!r indom9i/ic1 negat+ prop]ty = our future 7,godw91 ,pr\dhon1 ,/irn]1 ,tol/oi71 or dom9i/ic1 affirm+ x = our future2 ! dom9i/ic tea*+s1 aga91 are ei!r individuali/ic1 affirm+ prop]ty1 )\t limitation1 = ! individual z well z = ! collectivity 7,tuck]71 or collectivi/ic1 affirm+ z to supplies = direct consumption a prop]ty :i* may be ! individual's1 b z to ! means ( production a prop]ty t is only = ! collectivity 7,bakun971 or1 la/ ( all1 communi/ic1 affirm+ prop]ty = ! collectivity alone 7,kropotk974 ,all ?is is br\ght be=e ! eye 9 ! table on page #cjb4 9999,symbol3 h& po9t+ "r,! table is giv5 z compil$ by ,eltzba*]4 ,= correction ( errors ei!r c]ta9 or probable1 see footnotes to pages #hj1 #ig1 #bgh2 note also t "u condition affirm$ ! di/9ction is excessively f9e betwe5 ,/irn]1 :o w\ld h m5 agree on ! t]ms ( a union :i* !y are to /ick to z long z !y f9d x advisable1 & ,bakun9 & ,tuck]1 :o w\ld h !m b\nd toge!r by a contract limit$ by ! inali5able "r ( secession4 ,,key3 ,a - ,g5etic ,b - ,ideali/ic ,c - ,altru/ic ,d - ,egoi/ic ,e - ,f$]ali/ic ,f - ,spontani/ic ,g - ,re=matory ,h - ,r5it5t ,i - ,insurg5t ,j - ,anomi/ic ,k - ,nomi/ic ,l - ,indom9i/ic ,m - ,individuali/ic ,n - ,collectivi/ic ,o - ,communi/ic ,doctr9es ( ! ,/ate ,an>*i/ic ,tea*+s 9 ! ,philosophy ( ,law may possibly be ------------------------------------- ,affirmative ,negative ,doctr9es ,doctr9es ( ! ,/ate ( ! ,/ate ----------------- ,,an>*ism ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,z to ,z to its ,z to ,z to _! conditionconception _! attitude t[>d affirm$ ( ! attitude prop]ty ,z to its basis 9 transition t[>d contra/ to ! law to ! affirm$ ,/ate condition ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,critical ,revolu- ,dom9i/ic ------------ tion>y -------------- ,eudemon- ------- i/ic -------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,g ,g99 ,g ,g ,g ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,pr ,pr ,pr ,pr ,pr99 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,/ ,/99 ,/ ,/99 ,/99 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,ba ,ba ,ba ,ba ,ba ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,kr ,kr ,kr ,kr ,kr ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,tu ,tu ,tu ,tu ,tu ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,to ,to ,to ,to ,to 99 ,see note1 p4 #cja4 ,,footnotes3 #aagj ,d] ,an>*ismus und se9e ,traeg] pp4 #abg1 #abd1 #abe4 #aaga ,rei*esb]g p4 #bg4 #aagb ,l5z p4 #c4 #aagc ,ple*an[ p4 #hj4 #aagd ,ri5zi p4 #dc4 #aage ,b]natzik pp4 #b1 #c4 #aagf ,l5z p4 #e4 #aagg ,crispi p4 #d4 #aagh ,/amml] pp4 #b1 #d1 #cd1 #cf4 #aagi ,l5z pp4 #a1 #d4 #aahj ,g>raud p4 #ab1 ,tripels p4 #bec4 #aaha ,silio p4 #ade4 #aahb ,rei*esb]g pp4 #ad1 #af4 #aahc ,b]n/e9 p4 #cei4 #aahd ,l5z p4 #e4 #aahe ,b]natzik p4 #c4 #aahf ,h9t]ma5n] p4 #ad4 #aahg ,rei*esb]g p4 #cj4 #aahh ,h9t]ma5n] p4 #ad4 #aahi ,lombroso p4 #ca4 #aaij ,silio p4 #ade1 ,dubois p4 #bac4 #aaia ,proal p4 #ej4 #aaib ,lombroso p4 #ca4 #aaic ,s]nicoli vol4 #b p4 #fg1 ,g>raud pp4 #c1 #d4 #aaid ,die hi/oris*e ,entwickelung des ,an>*ismus p4 #af2 ,z5k] p4 #afa4 #aaie ,ri5zi p4 #i2 ,/amml] pp4 #bh-ca2 ,m]l9o pp4 #ah1 #bg2 ,%aw p4 #bc4 #aaif ,g>raud p4 #f2 ,l5z p4 #e4 #aaig ,s]nicoli vol4 #b p4 #aaf2 ,g>raud p4 #b2 ,rei*esb]g p4 #ch2 ,van ,hamel p4 #aac4 #aaih ,lombroso pp4 #ca1 #ce4 #aaii ,g>raud pp4 #aj-aa2 ,lombroso p4 #cd2 ,f]ri p4 #beg4 ,,conclusion #a4 ,! p]sonal want t impell$ u t[>d a sci5tific k ( ,an>*ism has met ) "s satisfaction4 ,! concepts ( ,an>*ism & its species h be5 def9$2 ! mo/ important errors h be5 remov$2 ! mo/ prom95t ,an>*i/ic tea*+s ( e>li] & rec5t times h be5 pres5t$ 9 detail4 ,we h become acqua9t$ ) ,an>*ism's armory4 ,we h se5 all t c be object$ aga9/ ! ,/ate f all possible /&po9ts4 ,we h be5 %[n ! mo/ div]se ord]s ( life z de/9$ to take ! ,/ate's place 9 future4 ,! transition f ! ,/ate to ^! ord]s ( life has be5 repres5t$ to u 9 ! mo/ manifold ways4 ,he :o w\ld "k ,an>*ism /ill m intimately1 inve/igate ! less notable tea*+s z well z ! mo/ prom95t1 & assign to bo? ^! & ^? _! place 9 ! causal nexus ( hi/orical ev5ts1 w n[ f9d at lea/ ! f\ndation laid = 8 "w4 ,he kn[s ) :at sorts ( tea*+s1 & :at p>ts ( ^! tea*+s1 he mu/ conc]n himself1 & :at que/ions he mu/ put to ea* ( !m4 ,9 ?is inve/igation he mu/ expect _m surprises3 ! tea*+ ( ! unkn[n ,pisacane w a/oni% him by its orig9ality1 & t ( ! mu*-talk$-( ,mo/ w %[ itself to be only a co>s5$ =m ( ,kropotk9's4 ,b on ! :ole x is h>dly likely t ! inve/igation w be wor? ! tr\ble x takes3 ! special ideas t ,an>*ism has to (f] are giv5 ) tol]able complet5ess 9 ! sev5 tea*+s "h pres5t$4 #b4 ,! ext]nal want on acc\nt ( :i* ,an>*ism _h to be sci5tifically kn[n may n[ also be satisfi$4 ,"o ?+ we mu/ at any rate d ) reg>d to ,an>*ism3 exam9e its tea*+s1 z to _! s\ndness or uns\ndness1 ) c\rage1 composure1 & imp>tiality4 ,b success 9 ?is task c be expect$ only if we no long] w&] ab\t aimlessly 9 ! night ( jurisprud5tial skepticism1 or try to light x up ) ! lant]n ( dogmatism1 b r keep our eye fix$ ^u ! guid+ /> ( criticism4 ,:e!r1 besides ?is1 x is requisite to oppose ,an>*ism or at lea/ "o or ano!r ( its species by especial in/rum5talities ( p[]1--:e!r1 9 p>ticul>1 crime committ$ = ! realization ( ,an>*i/ic tea*+s is a m s]i\s misde$ ?an any political or ev5 ord9>y crime1--z to ?is ! legislators ( ea* c\ntry mu/ decide ) a view to ! special conditions exi/+ !re94 ,,index ,,( ,,details1 ,,exemplifications1 ,,& ,,cat*words ,,9 ,,! ,,quotations ,,f ,,! ,,sev5 ,,writ]s ,! foll[+ index is n a translation ( ,eltzba*]'s1 & does n index 8 "p ( ! "w1 b only ! matt] quot$ f ! sev5 writ]s4 ,fur!rmore1 x does n index su* p>ts ( _! "w z are readily f\nd by consult+ ! table ( cont5ts & ,*apt] ,x4 ,! read] w !re=e1 9 g5]al1 = ,ju/ice1 see ! sections ,basis & ,prop]ty 9 ea* *apt]1 & ! :ole ( ,*apt] ,,iv2 = ,self-,int]e/1 ,basis 9 ea* *apt] & ! :ole ( ,*apt]s ,v & ,,viii2 = ,classes1 ,/ate & ,prop]ty 9 ea* *apt]2 = ,organization1 ,/ate & ,realization2 = ,gov]nm5t1 ,democracy1 ,tyranny1 ,/ate2 = ,capitalism1 ,pov]ty1 ,inequality1 ,prop]ty2 = ,communism1 ,*apt]s ,,vii & ,,ix1 especially ,prop]ty & ,realization1 comp>+ ,*apt] ,,vi2 = ,propag&a1 ,social ,revolution1 ,realization 9 ea* *apt]2 & s on4 ,s f> z g5]al po9ts ( ?is nature are m5tion$ 9 ! index1 x is 9 mo/ cases only on "s incid5tal occasion1 & does n sup]s$e ?is g5]al ref]5ce3 nor c\ld ?is be sup]s$$ )\t !reby mislead+ ! read]4 ,law has receiv$ some:at exceptional treatm5t4 ,! read] w ( c\rse n assume1 because 9 ! index he does n f9d a c]ta9 au?or among ^? :o are cit$ on a c]ta9 topic1 t ?is au?or has n m5tion$ x4 ,:ile ! index %[s a wid] range ( topics ?an might h be5 expect$ 9 su* a book1 ! nature ( ,eltzba*]'s compilation =bids u to expect t x %\ld s]ve z a complete ,cyclop$ia ( ,an>*ism4 ,abs5teeism1 ,kr4 #afb-c1 ,to4 #bej-ea1 #bef1 #bei ,ag$1 see ,dep5d5t ,agriculture1 ,kr4 #afh1 #agg1 ,to4 #bcd ,am]ican ,revolution1 ,g4 #ei ,an>*ism1 fir/ use ( "n1 ,pr4 #fg1 ,kr4 #adj ,an>*y1 less] evil1 ,g4 #da ,areas ( jurisdiction1 ideally3 small1 ,g4 #dh-ej nation-wide1 ,pr4 #gf-hj l>g] & l>g]1 ,ba4 #abg undef9$1 ,kr4 #aef1 ,tu4 #aie ,army3 _c cru% revolution1 ,kr4 #agc basis ( ,/ate1 ,to4 #bci-dc refuse to s]ve 91 ,to4 #bfb1 #bff ( revolution1 ,ba4 #acf1 #ach1 ,kr4 #agf ,associations1 volunt>y1 ,/4 #ajd-e1 ,kr4 #aee-f1 ,tu4 #aid-bjj ,a/ronomy1 ,kr4 #afh ,au?ority3 object ( competition1 ,pr4 #gc-d s\ght only by ! bad1 ,to4 #bcg-h ,bad m51 see ,crim9als ,ballot1 see ,vot+ ,bank1 ,pr4 #fe1 #hh-ia1 ,tu4 #bjf-g1 #bad ,bees sw>m+1 ,to4 #bfg ,blood%$3 insignificant1 ,ba4 #acc1 ,kr4 #agc see ,=ce1 ,w> ,b\nd>ies3 aboli%$1 ,ba4 #abg1 #acg no economic1 ,kr4 #aeh see ,areas ,brib]y by ,/ate1 ,to4 #bdb-c ,cali=nia1 ,pr4 #hg ,c5tral au?ority 9 future1 ,g4 #ea-b1 ,pr4 #gi-hj1 ,ba4 #acf ,c5tralization1 ,pr4 #gf-hj ,*ildr51 ,tu4 #ahe1 ftn4 #ahg2 see ,dep5d5t ,*ri/ianity1 ,to4 #bbj-fi ,*ur*3 anti-,*ri/ian1 ,to4 #bbj-b organization1 ,pr4 #gf-g prop]ty1 ,ba4 #ace ,collectivism1 ,ba4 #aca1 ,kr4 #afe-f ,coloni/s1 ,to4 #bei-fj ,columbus1 ,to4 #bdg-h ,commune3 economic unit1 ,kr4 #aef-i1 #aff1 #agj1 #agf-g political unit1 ,ba4 #acf ,communism 9 pres5t society1 ,kr4 #afd-e1 #agj ,contract3 basic1 ,pr4 #ga1 #ge1 ,kr4 #aeg1 ,tu4 #aid-f es*ew$1 ,g4 #df-h 7b see footnotes71 #ea1 ,to4 #bdd scope (1 ,ba4 #abj1 ,tu4 #ahi ,c\rts1 future3 drawn by lot1 ,tu4 #bjj elective1 ,pr4 #gh free f law1 ,g4 #de1 #ej p>tly free f law1 ,tu4 #bja1 ftn4 #ahg m]ely recomm5d1 ,g4 #eb ,crim9als3 ,/ate gives p[] to1 ,to4 #bcg-h ,/ate makes1 ,kr4 #adg1 #afa1 ,tu4 #aic1 #aih1 ,to4 #bde-f ,debts3 private1 ,ba4 #ace1 ,tu4 #ahi-ij ( ,/ate1 ,ba4 #ace1 ,kr4 #aej ,def5ce3 a commodity1 ,tu4 #aib1 #aih-i =ce ju/ifi$ 91 ,tu4 #ahe-ij1 #bjj1 #bae =ce n ju/ifi$ 91 ,to4 #bbg-h see ,invasion ,def5sive associations1 ,tu4 #aih-bjj ,delib]ative assemblies1 ,g4 #dh1 #ea-b1 #fa-c2 see ,c5tral ,dep5d5t3 ! poor are1 ,to4 #bea-d provision = !1 ,g4 #eg-h1 ,/4 #ajg-h1 ,kr4 #agj1 ,to4 #beh ,de/ruction1 ,kr4 #agb-c ,discussion1 ,g4 #ei1 ,kr4 #agh1 ,tu4 #baj ,di/ress1 relief (1 ,tu4 #aic ,egoism1 ,/4 #ic-aad1 ,tu4 #ahc ,engli% hi/ory1 ,g4 #ei1 ,kr4 #aea-b ,evolution no excuse = in]tness1 ,kr4 #adb-e1 ,to4 #bbb-c1 #bfc ,example1 propag&a by1 ,pr4 #hh1 ,ba4 #acf1 ,kr4 #agh-i1 ,tu4 #bab-ad1 ,to4 #bfb1 #bfg-i ,exploitation1 ,/ate /&s =1 ,ba4 #aag1 #aai1 #abh ,expropriation1 ,kr4 #agd-e ,expulsion1 ,pr4 #gb1 ,kr4 #adh1 #aeg ,extradition 9 future1 ,g4 #ej-ea ,=ce3 inadmissible1 ,to4 #bbg-cj ju/ification (1 ,tu4 #ahf1 #aij1 #bae 9 law1 ,to4 #bca may be necess>y1 ,tu4 #baa-ab necess>y1 ,/4 #aaa1 #aad 9 prop]ty1 ,to4 #bee-f 9 ,/ate1 ,/4 #aja1 ,ba4 #abc1 ,tu4 #aia1 ,to4 #bci-dc undesirable1 ,pr4 #hg unreliable1 ,g4 #eh useful1 ,kr4 #aea1 #ahj works badly1 ,tu4 #baa1 #bae-af1 ,to4 #bfd-e ,frankness1 ,to4 #bcc1 #bfb-c ,fre$om1 see ,lib]ty2 also ,spee*1 etc4 ,fr5* ,revolution3 ev5ts1 ,g4 #ei1 ,kr4 #aej1 #agf-h1 #ahj-a legislatures1 ,g4 #fa1 ,pr4 #gj ,gov]nm5t1 see ,/ate ,heirs divid+ prop]ty1 ,g4 #eg-h ,h\ses1 ,kr4 #agd1 #agg ,hypnotiz+ ! p1 ,to4 #bdb ,indep5d5ce1 ,ba4 #abj1 #abf-g ,inequality w p]si/ b dim9i%1 ,tu4 #bjh-i ,in/itutions to be pres]v$1 ,pr4 #gd1 #hb ,intellig5ce1 gov]nm5t *ecks progress 91 ,g4 #dj1 #df ,int]c\rse ( social organizations1 ,g4 #di-ej & ftn41 ,kr4 #aeg-h1 ,tu4 #aii ,intimidation1 ,to4 #bdc ,invasion3 =eign1 ,g4 #ea1 ,kr4 #aei1 ,to4 #bdf p]sonal1 ,tu4 #ahe-f ,iri% ,l& ,league1 ,tu4 #aig-h1 #baj1 #bag ,judge1 ,jury1 see ,c\rts ,labor3 am\nt (1 ,g4 #ef1 ,kr4 #afg-h basis ( di/ribution1 ,pr4 #hd1 ,ba4 #aca basis ( own]%ip1 ,tu4 #ahh1 #bje basis ( %>+1 ,kr4 #afg1 #afi-gj ( pa/ g5]ations1 ,kr4 #afa-b product (1 ,tu4 #bja1 #bje seek+ high] pay1 ,/4 #ajc1 #aad univ]sal duty1 ,to4 #bcd1 #beg ,l&3 monopoly1 ,tu4 #bjc t5ure1 ,tu4 #ahh1 #bje1 #bjg ,law3 dw>fs "*1 ,g4 #dd is *angeful1 ,g4 #dc is consecrat$1 ,/4 #ig-h is ho/ile 9 purpose1 ,/4 #ajb-c1 ,ba4 #aai1 ,to4 #bch is inadequate1 ,to4 #bca-b is n agre$ to1 ,pr4 #gj1 ,kr4 #adh1 ,to4 #bbh-i is n imp>tial1 ,pr4 #gj1 ,/4 #aja1 ,kr4 #adf-g1 #aea-c is n up to date1 ,to4 #bca-b is ob/ructive1 ,/4 #ajb1 ,kr4 #aea is prophetic1 ,g4 #dc is rigid1 ,g4 #db-c1 ,kr4 #adf1 ,tu4 #ahg is unc]ta91 ,g4 #dc is viol5t1 ,to4 #bca is volum9\s1 ,g4 #dc1 #fc1 ,pr4 #fi-gj1 ,kr4 #aej orig9 (1 ,g4 #dc1 ,kr4 #adf-h1 ,to4 #bcb t5ds to encroa*1 ,g4 #dc1 ,pr4 #fi1 ,/4 #ajb1 ,kr4 #aea1 ,to4 #bch ,lib]ty1 equal1 ,tu4 #ahd-g1 ftn4 #ahd ,liquor1 ,tu4 #ahf ,m5tal influ5ce1 ,to4 #bdd-e ,milit>y1 see ,army ,money3 monopoly1 ,tu4 #bjb-c1 #bje-g p[] (1 ,to4 #bec-d see ,bank ,monopoly3 economic1 ,tu4 #bjb-h ,/ate is1 ,tu4 #aib ,music1 ,kr4 #afh ,mutuality1 ,pr4 #he ,non-resi/ance1 ,to4 #bbg-h ,occupancy & use3 title to l&1 ,tu4 #ahh1 #bjc title to ev]y?+1 ,to4 #bei-fj ,pa9e quot$1 ,g4 #dg & ftn4 ,pap]s1 legal1 ,pr4 #gj1 ,ba4 #ace ,passive resi/ance1 ,tu4 #baf-ah1 ,to4 #bff-g ,pat5ts1 ,tu4 #bjd1 #bjh ,peasants3 beat+ ea* o!r1 ,to4 #bfd condition (1 ,kr4 #afj1 ,to4 #bec economic practices (1 ,kr4 #agj-ga1 ,to4 #bei-fj h[ to rea*1 ,ba4 #acf revolution>y a*ievem5ts (1 ,kr4 #aea1 #ahj2 see ,iri% ,police3 ag5cy ( gov]nm5tal viol5ce1 ,to4 #bci1 #bda deprav$1 ,to4 #bch 9 future society1 ,tu4 ftn4 #ahg1 #aih-i1 ftn4 #aih2 see ,extradition lawless1 ,kr4 #aeb ob/ructive1 ,/4 #ajb to be replac$ by volunt>y int]v5tion ( citiz5s1 ,kr4 #aei ! support ( prop]ty1 ,to4 #bee ,p[]1 see ,au?ority ,press1 fre$om (1 ,tu4 #baa ,pr9t+1 ,kr4 #afi ,private wants 9 ,communism1 ,kr4 #afh-i ,product1 see ,labor ,production w increase1 ,kr4 #afi-gj1 ,tu4 #bjg ,promise1 see ,contract ,prop]ty1 def9ition (1 ,pr4 #hj-ha1 ,to4 #bej ,public op9ion3 9 advance ( law1 ,to4 #bcj-cb to be *ang$1 ,pr4 #hf-g1 ,ba4 #acg1 ,tu4 #baj1 ,to4 #bfj-fa doctor$ by ,/ate1 ,ba4 #acg1 ,to4 #bdb-c society to be rul$ by1 ,to4 #bde ,puni%m5t3 is antiquat$1 ,to4 #bde is n want$1 ,kr4 #aeg is prop]1 ,tu4 #ahg-i1 #bjj is useless1 ,kr4 #adg makes crim9als1 ,kr4 #adg1 ,to4 #bdf see ,expulsion ,railroads3 agreem5t (1 ,kr4 #aef build+1 ,kr4 #aeh own]%ip (1 ,kr4 #afc ,ration+1 ,kr4 #agj-ga1 #agf ,r$ ,cross ,society1 ,kr4 #aee ,religion f\ndation ( ,/ate1 ,ba4 #aba-b ,r5t3 economic1 ,tu4 #bjh-i1 ftn4 #bjc ( l&lord1 ,kr4 #agd1 ,tu4 #bjc1 #bjg1 #baj1 #bag ,resi/ance1 see ,def5ce1 ,=ce1 ,passive ,revolution "p ( evolution1 ,kr4 #adb-c ,ri*1 !3 deprav$1 ,ba4 #abi1 ,kr4 #afj-fa guilty1 ,to4 #bej1 #bec-d w help u1 ,g4 #fd1 ,pr4 #hg ,"r1 ,rights3 admissible s5se1 ,tu4 #ahe a delusion1 ,/4 #ih-i1 ,tu4 #ahd to en=ce contract1 ,tu4 #ahi-ij to indep5d5ce1 ,ba4 #abj1 #abf-g to live com=tably1 ,g4 #ee-f1 ,kr4 #adi1 #agj only = ri*1 ,kr4 #aea-c ( secession1 ,ba4 #abg1 ,tu4 #aid-g ,/ate has no1 ,tu4 #bad ,robb]y1 =ms (1 ,pr4 #ha-b ,rul+ classes3 bad m5 orig9ally1 ,to4 #bcg-h deprav$ by rul+1 ,ba4 #abc1 ,to4 #bch incompet5t1 ,kr4 #afc ,s*ools1 ,kr4 #aei1 ,to4 #bdg ,secession1 ,ba4 #abg1 ,tu4 #aid-g ,secret societies1 ,ba4 #acb1 #ach1 ,kr4 #agg ,self ! ?+ to be *ang$1 ,/4 #aaj-aa1 ,to4 #bcc-d1 #bfe ,sick1 see ,dep5d5t ,society3 di/+ui%$ f gov]nm5t1 ,g4 #dg indisp5sable1 ,ba4 #abe1 ,tu4 #aid organism1 evolv+1 ,kr4 #adb-d values all due to1 ,kr4 #afa-b see ,secret ,soldi]s1 see ,army ,spee*1 fre$om (1 ,tu4 #baa ,sp5c] quot$1 ,tu4 #ahd & ftn4 ,spoon]1 ,lys&]1 xi ,/aff ( revolution>y army1 ,ba4 #ach ,/ate def9$1 ,tu4 #aij-ia ,/op beat+ ea* o!r1 ,to4 #bfd ,/reet-mak+1 ,kr4 #aeh ,t>iff1 ,tu4 #bjd ,taxation3 robb]y :i* vitiates all ,/ate's acts1 ,tu4 #aia refuse to pay1 ,tu4 #bab-ac1 #bag-ah1 ,to4 #bff ,!ft1 see ,robb]y ,viol5ce1 see ,=ce ,virtue1 ,/ate ho/ile to1 ,ba4 #abc ,vot+3 = (fic]s n[ appo9t$ o!rwise1 ,pr4 #gf-i 9 ,/ate1 a =m ( =ce1 ,tu4 #aia irrational1 ,g4 #ea-b 9 volunt>y association1 ,tu4 #aif ,w>3 a fight = dom9ion1 ,to4 #bdj ,/ate /&s =1 ,kr4 #aej ,see ,=ce1 ,invasion ,w>r51 ,josiah1 ,tu4 ftn4 #ahb1 #bjb 7= !y see ftn4 #bjc7 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,adv5tures ( ,caleb ,williams ,,or ,?+s z ,!y ,are ,,by ,,william ,,godw9 ,x 0 propos$1 9 ! inv5tion ( ! foll[+ "w1 to compreh5d1 z f> z ! progressive nature ( a s+le /ory w\ld all[1 a g5]al review ( ! modes ( dome/ic & unrecord$ despotism by :i* man becomes ! de/roy] ( man4--,,f ,,! ,,preface4 ,limp lambsk91 gilt top1 #a4bi ,photogravure ,frontispiece ,mail$1 po/-paid1 by ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #acab1 ,new ,york ,city 99 99 99 99 99 ,works ( ,p4 ,j4 ,,pr\dhon ,,9 ,,! ,,orig9al ,,fr5* ,qu'e/-ce que la propriete8 ,premi] memoire3 ,re*]*es sur le pr9cipe du droit et du g\v]nem5t4 ,deuxieme memoire3 ,lettre a ,m4 ,blanqui sur la propriete4 #cee pages4 #gi c5ts4 ,av]tissem5t aux proprietaires4 ,celebration du diman*e2 ,de la concurr5ce entre les *em9s de f] et les voies navigables2 ,le mis]]e4 #cjh pages4 #gb c5ts4 ,de la creation de l'ordre dans l'humanite3 ou1 pr9cipes d'organisation politique4 #cid pages4 #gg c5ts4 ,sy/eme des contradictions economiques3 ou1 philosophie de la mis]e4 #b vols4 #gif pages4 #a4ea4 ,solution du probleme social4 ,organisation du cr$it et de la circulation2 ,banque d'e*ange2 ,banque du peuple4 #cae pages4 #ge c5ts4 ,du pr9cipe f$]atif et de la necessite de recon/itu] le p>ti de la ,revolution4 ,si les traites de #ahae ont cesse d'exi/]4 #cbj pages4 #ge c5ts4 ,les confessions d'un revolutionnaire4 ,p\r s]vir a l'hi/oire de la ,revolution de fevri]4 #bcd pages4 #ge c5ts4 ,idee g5]ale de la ,revolution au ,x,i,xe siecle4 #cbj pages4 #gb c5ts4 ,des re=mes a op]] dans l'exploitation des *em9s de f]1 et des consequ5ces qui peuv5t en result] soit p\r l'augm5tation du rev5u des compagnies1 soit p\r l'abaissem5t des prix de transport1 l'organisation de l'indu/rie voituri]e1 et la con/itution economique de la societe4 #cdb pages4 #ge c5ts4 ,la gu]re et la paix4 ,re*]*es sur le pr9cipe et la con/itution du droit des g5s4 #b vols4 #feb pages4 #a4di4 ,!orie de l'impot4 #cbh pages4 #ge c5ts4 ,mail$1 po/-paid1 by ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #acab1 ,new ,york ,city 99 99 99 99 99 ,works ( ,p4 ,j4 ,,pr\dhon ,,9 ,,! ,,orig9al ,,fr5* ,les majorats litt]aires3 exam5 d'un projet de loi ayant p\r b de cre]1 au pr(it des auteurs1 inv5teurs1 et arti/es un monopole p]petuel4 ,la f$]ation et l'unite en ,italie2 ,n\velles obs]vations sur l'unite itali5ne2 ,les democrates ass]m5tes et les refractaires4 #cbg pages4 #ge c5ts4 ,melanges4 ,articles de j\rnaux4 #ahdh-aheb4 #c vols4 #icf pages4 #b4bj4 ,philosophie du progres1 & ,la ju/ice p\rsuivie p> l'eglise4 #ccf pages4 #gg c5ts4 ,de la ju/ice dans la ,revolution et dans l',eglise4 #d vols4 #a1ejj pages4 #c4jc4 ,de la capacite politique des classes ouvri]es4 #cei pages4 #gg c5ts4 ,!orie de la propriete4 ,suivi d'un projet d'exposition p]petuelle4 #caj pages4 #ge c5ts4 ,france et ,rh94 #bfd pages4 #gb c5ts4 ,contradictions politiques4 ,!orie du m\vem5t con/itutionnel au ,x,i,xe siecle4 #bfe pages4 #gb c5ts4 ,la pornocratie3 ou1 les femmes dans les temps mod]nes4 #bfi pages4 #gh c5ts4 ,ces>isme et ,*ri/ianisme 7de l'an #de avant ,j4 ,c4 a l'an #dgf apres74 ,) a preface by ,j4 ,a4 ,langlois4 #b vols4 #faa pages4 #a4ea4 ,comm5taires sur les memoires de ,f\*e4 ,suivis du p>allele entre ,napoleon et ,well+ton4 ,manuscrits in$its publies p> ,clem5t ,ro*el4 #cdh pages4 #a4dd4 ,correspondance4 ,) a biographical sket* by ,j4 ,a4 ,langlois4 #ad vols41 ( ne>ly #djj pages ea*4 #g4jj4 ,mail$1 po/-paid1 by ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #acab1 ,new ,york ,city 99 99 99 99 99 ,works ( ,p4 ,j4 ,,pr\dhon ,,9 ,,engli% ,:at is ,prop]ty8 ,an ,inquiry into ! ,pr9ciple ( ,"r & ( ,gov]nm5t4 ,translat$ by ,b5j4 ,r4 ,tuck]4 ,) a biography by ,j4 ,a4 ,langlois4 #dih pages4 #b4jj4 ,9 a giv5 society ! au?ority ( man ov] man is inv]sely proportional to ! /age ( intellectual developm5t :i* t society has rea*$4--,! ,au?or4 ,t elem5t 9 ! idea ( prop]ty :i* is necess>y1 immutable1 & absolute is r$ucible to individual & transmissible possession1 susceptible ( ex*ange b n ( ali5ation1 f\nd$ on labor1 & n on fictiti\s occupancy or idle caprice4--,! ,au?or4 ,,9 ,,g]man ,0 i/ das ,eig5tum8 ,er/e ,d5ks*rift4 ,unt]su*ung5 ueb] d5 ,ursprung und die ,grundlag5 des ,re*ts und d] ,h]rs*aft4 ,translat$1 ) a preface1 by ,alfons ,f$or ,cohn4 #bee pages4 #bg c5ts4 ,kapital und ,z9s4 ,die ,polemik zwis*5 ,ba/iat und ,pr\dhon4 ,translat$1 ) an introduction1 by ,ar?ur ,muelb]g]4 #bcg pages4 #ig c5ts4 ,,9 ,,italian ,la soluzione del problema sociale4 ,portrait & biographical sket*4 #fj pages4 #aa c5ts4 ,psicologia della rivoluzione4 #eh pages4 #aa c5ts4 ,mail$1 po/-paid1 by ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #acab1 ,new ,york ,city 99 99 99 99 99 ,works ,relat+ to ,p4 ,j4 ,,pr\dhon ,,9 ,,engli% ,,dana1 ,,*>les ,a4 ,pr\dhon & ,8 ,bank ( ! ,p4 #gd pages4 ,lea!rette1 #aj c5ts2 pap]1 #e c5ts4 ,,gre5e1 ,,william ,b4 ,mutual ,bank+4 ,%[+ ! radical defici5cy ( ! pres5t circulat+ m$ium & ! advantages ( a free curr5cy4 ,portrait4 #ajd pages4 #aj c5ts4 ,,9 ,,fr5* ,,b\rg91 ,,hub]t4 ,pr\dhon4 ,portrait4 #ig pages4 #ae c5ts4 ,,desj>d9s1 ,,ar?ur4 ,p4-,j4 ,pr\dhon3 sa vie1 ses oeuvres1 sa doctr9e4 #b vols4 #fje pages4 #a4fb4 ,,lag>de1 ,,edmond4 ,la revan*e de ,pr\dhon3 ou1 l'av5ir du socialisme mutuelli/e4 ,^! p\r le doctorat pres5tee et s\t5ue le v5dr$i #i ju9 #aije4 #ebh pages4 #a4ei4 ,,sa9te-,,beuve1 ,c4 ,a4 ,p4 ,j4 ,pr\dhon3 sa vie et sa correspondance4 #ahcf-dh4 #ceb pages4 #gj c5ts4 ,,9 ,,g]man ,,bi]mann1 ,w4 ,,ed4 ,an>*ismus und ,communismus4 #agg pages4 #hj c5ts4 ,m,ue,l,b,e,r,g,e,r1 ,,ar?ur4 ,p4 ,j4 ,pr\dhon3 ,leb5 und ,w]ke4 #bdj pages4 #ic c5ts4 ,,9 ,,italian ,,zani1 ,,b>tolomeo4 ,la que/ione monet>ia 9 relazione alla que/ione sociale4 #ci pages4 #bf c5ts4 ,mail$1 po/-paid1 by ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #acab1 ,new ,york ,city 99 99 99 99 99 ,works ( ,,max ,,/irn] ,,9 ,,engli% ,! ,ego & ,8 ,own4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man by ,/ev5 ,t4 ,by+ton1 9 collaboration ) o!r /ud5ts ( ,g]man & ( ,/irn]4 ,) an introduction by ,j4 ,l4 ,walk]4 #ebe pages4 ,! only edition1 9 any language1 t has an index4 ,ord9>y clo?1 #a4ej2 sup]ior clo?1 full gilt edges1 #a4ge4 ,! mo/ revolution>y book ev] writt51 its purpose be+ to totally de/roy ! idea ( duty & ass]t ! supremacy ( ! w1 & f ?is /&po9t to effect a transmutation ( all values & displace ! ,/ate by a union ( consci\s egoi/s4 ,if y dev\r ! sacr$1 y h made x y\r own4 ,dige/ ! sacram5tal waf]1 & y are rid ( x4--,! ,au?or4 ,?is "w ( g5ius is n inf]ior 9 /yle to t ( ,nietzs*e1 & 9 philosophical value surpasses ,nietzs*e's by a ?\s& cubits4--,edu>d von ,h>tmann4 ,t !re 0 a p5 to write su* ?+s is incompreh5sible4 ,"o mu/ h read ! book to believe t x exi/s4--,revue des ,deux ,mondes4 ,,9 ,,g]man ,d] ,e9zige und se9 ,eig5tum4 #dbi pages4 #cf c5ts4 ,kle9]e ,s*rift54 #ahe pages4 ,clo?1 #gb c5ts2 pap]1 #df c5ts4 ,,9 ,,fr5* ,l'unique et sa propriete4 ,translat$ by ,rob]t ,l4 ,reclaire4 #dga pages4 #gc c5ts4 ,l'unique et sa propriete4 ,translat$1 ) a preface1 by ,h5ri ,lasvignes4 #eja pages4 #a4de4 ,mail$1 po/-paid1 by ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #acab1 ,new ,york ,city 99 99 99 99 99 ,works ,relat+ to ,,max ,,/irn] ,,9 ,,g]man ,,duboc1 ,,julius4 ,das ,i* und die ,uebrig54 ,fu] und wid] ,m4 ,/irn]4 #fj pages4 #bc c5ts4 ,,h>tmann1 ,,edu>d ,,von4 ,e?is*e ,/udi54 #bdg pages4 #a4bj4 ,,mackay1 ,,john ,,h5ry4 ,max ,/irn]3 se9 ,leb5 und se9 ,w]k4 #bgj pages4 ,clo?1 #a4ab2 pap]1 #hf c5ts4 ,,mess]1 ,,max4 ,max ,/irn]4 #ga pages4 #cd c5ts4 ,,rue/1 ,,anselm4 ,max ,/irn]4 #ccf pages4 #fd c5ts4 ,/irn]brevi]4 #bhd pages4 #ea c5ts4 ,,9 ,,fr5* ,,bas*1 ,,victor4 ,l'individualisme an>*i/e3 ,max ,/irn]4 #bid pages4 #a4ci4 ,mail$1 po/-paid1 by ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #acab1 ,new ,york ,city 99 99 99 99 99 ,works ( ,,mi*ael ,,bak\n9e ,,9 ,,engli% ,god & ! ,/ate4 ,) a preface by ,c>lo ,cafi]o & ,elisee ,reclus4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,b5j4 ,r4 ,tuck]4 #eb pages4 #ae c5ts4 ,"o ( ! mo/ eloqu5t pleas = lib]ty ev] writt54 ,pa9e's ',age ( ,reason' & ',rights ( ,man' consolidat$ & improv$4 ,x /irs ! pulse l a trumpet-call4--,! ,tru? ,seek]4 ,,9 ,,fr5* ,correspondance4 ,lett]s to ,h]z5 & to ,og>eff4 #ahfj-gd4 ,) preface & annotations by ,mi*el ,dragoman[4 ,translat$ by ,m>ie ,/romb]g4 #chb pages4 #ha c5ts4 ,oeuvres4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,f$]alisme1 socialisme1 et anti!ologisme2 ,lettres sur le patriotisme2 ,dieu et l'etat4 #cff pages4 #gd c5ts4 ,oeuvres4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,les ours de ,b]ne et l'ours de ,sa9t-,pet]sb\rg 7#ahgj72 ,lettres a un ,francais sur la crise actuelle 7,septembre1 #ahgj72 ,l',empire kn\to-g]manique et la revolution sociale 7#ahgj-ga74 ,) biographical sket*1 prefaces1 & notes by ,james ,guillaume4 #hc c5ts4 ,,9 ,,g]man ,mi*ail ,bakun9s sozial-politis*] ,briefwe*sel mit ,alex&] ,iw4 ,h]z5 und ,og>j[4 ,) preface & annotations by ,mi*ail ,dragoman[4 ,translat$ by ,boris ,m9zes4 #ebh pages4 #ia c5ts4 ,mail$1 po/-paid1 by ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #acab1 ,new ,york ,city 99 99 99 99 99 ,works ( ,,pet] ,,kropotk9e ,,9 ,,engli% ,fields1 ,factories1 & ,work%ops2 or1 ,indu/ry comb9$ ) ,agriculture & ,bra9 ,"w ) ,manual ,"w4 ,illu/rat$4 #bfh pages4 #ig c5ts4 ,! ma9 subject ( social economy--i4 e41 ! economy ( en]gy requir$ = ! satisfaction ( human ne$s--is ! la/ subject :i* "o expects to f9d treat$ 9 a concrete =m 9 economical treatises4--,f ! ,preface4 ,memoirs ( a ,revolutioni/4 ,) an introduction by ,georg ,br&es4 ,portrait4 #ecc pages4 ,gilt top4 #b4jj4 ,"o w f9d 9 ?is volume a comb9ation ( all ! elem5ts out ( :i* an int5sely ev5tful life is compos$3 idyl & trag$y1 drama & romance4--,br&es4 ,russian ,lit]ature4 #cda pages4 ,gilt top4 #b4fi4 ,,9 ,,g]man ,memoir5 e9es ,revolutiona]s4 ,translat$ by ,max ,pannwitz4 ,illu/rat$4 #b vols4 #fhi pages4 #b4fd4 ,ideale und ,wirkli*keit 9 d] russis*5 ,lit]atur4 ,translat$ by ,b4 ,eb5/e94 #dje pages4 #b4db4 ,geg5seitige ,hilfe 9 d] ,entwickelung4 ,translat$ by ,gu/av ,l&au]4 #cdc pages4 #b4bh4 ,mail$1 po/-paid1 by ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #acab1 ,new ,york ,city 99 99 99 99 99 ,in/ead ( a ,book ,,by ,a ,,man ,,too ,,busy ,,to ,,write ,,"o ,a ,,fragm5t>y ,,exposition ,,( ,,philosophical ,,an>*ism ,cull$ f ! writ+s ( ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck] ,,editor ,,( ,,lib]ty ,) a ,full-,page ,half-,tone ,portrait ( ! ,au?or ,a l>ge1 well-pr9t$1 & excessively *eap volume ( #ebd pages1 consi/+ ( articles select$ f ,lib]ty & classifi$ "u ! foll[+ head+s3 7#a7 ,/ate ,socialism & ,an>*ism3 ,h[ ,f> ,!y ,agree1 & ,:]e9 ,!y ,diff]2 7#b7 ,! ,individual1 ,society1 & ! ,/ate2 7#c7 ,money & ,int]e/2 7#d7 ,l& & ,r5t2 7#e7 ,socialism2 7#f7 ,communism2 7#g7 ,me?ods2 7#h7 ,miscellane\s4 ,! :ole elaborately index$4 ,clo?1 ,"o ,doll>2 ,pap]1 ,fifty c5ts ,,mail$1 ,,po/-,,paid1 ,,by ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #acab1 ,new ,york ,city 99 99 99 99 99 ,/ate ,socialism ,,& ,an>*ism ,h[ ,f> ,!y ,agree & ,:]e9 ,!y ,diff] ,,by ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck] ,! op5+ *apt] ( ,in/ead ( a ,book1 repr9t$ sep>ately4 ,! be/ pamphlet ) :i* to meet ! dem& = a compact exposition ( ,an>*ism4 ,price1 #e c5ts ,,mail$1 ,,po/-,,paid1 ,,by ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #acab1 ,new ,york ,city 99 99 99 99 99 ,works ( ,,leo ,n4 ,,tol/oi ,,9 ,,engli% ,w> & ,peace4 ,translat$ by ,na?an ,haskell ,dole4 #b vols4 #hje pages4 #c4jj4 ,anna ,k>59a4 ,translat$ by ,na?an ,haskell ,dole4 #ghj pages4 #a4be4 ,resurrection4 ,translat$ by ,l\ise ,maude4 ,illu/rat$4 #ebi pages4 ,gilt top4 #a4ej4 ,tw5ty-,?ree ,tales4 ,translat$ by ,l4 & ,a4 ,maude4 #bga pages4 #dj c5ts4 ,,9 ,,italian ,la pot5za delle t5ebre4 #aaa pages4 #bd c5ts4 ,resurrezione4 ,translat$ by ,n9a ,roman[sky4 #b vols4 #gja pages4 #eg c5ts4 ,la sonata a ,kreutz]4 #bea pages4 #bg c5ts4 ,anna ,k>59e4 ,con uno /udio di ,dom5ico ,ciampoli sui romanzi russi4 #b vols4 #ffc pages4 #eg c5ts4 ,la gu]ra e la paco4 ,) a preface by ,m4 de ,voguee4 #d vols4 #a1bgj pages4 #a4ji4 ,*e cosa e l'arte8 #bi c5ts4 ,mail$1 po/-paid1 by ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #acab1 ,new ,york ,city 99 99 99 99 99 ,works ( ,,leo ,n4 ,,tol/oi ,,9 ,,fr5* ,p>oles d'un homme libre4 ,translat$ by ,j4 ,w4 ,bi5/ock4 #dbj pages4 #ha c5ts4 ,le patriotisme et le g\v]nem5t4 #ci pages4 #ag c5ts4 ,la gu]re ,russo-,japonaise4 ,translat$ by ,e4 ,halp]9e-,kam9sky4 #bih pages4 #gi c5ts4 ,plaisirs vicieux4 ,translat$ by ,halp]9e-,kam9sky4 ,) a preface by ,alex&re ,dumas4 #bed pages4 #gj c5ts4 ,plaisirs cruels4 ,cont5ant la pr(ession de foi de l'auteur4 ,translat$ by ,halp]9e-,kam9sky4 ,) a preface by ,*>les ,ri*et4 #bij pages4 #gb c5ts4 ,la f9 de notre ere4 ,a propos de la ,revolution en ,russie4 ,translat$ by ,j4 ,w4 ,bi5/ock4 #fd pages4 #ad c5ts4 ,les ,decembri/es4 ,translat$ by ,b4 ,tseytl9e & ,e4 ,jaub]t4 ,) a hi/orical introduction by ,e4 ,jaub]t4 #cjj pages4 #gj c5ts4 ,la puissance des t5ebres4 ,translat$ by ,e4 ,halp]9e-,kam9sky4 #bej pages4 #gj c5ts4 ,,9 ,,g]man ,anna ,k>59a4 ,translat$ by ,hans ,mos]4 #b vols4 #a1jif pages4 #gb c5ts4 ,krieg und ,fri$54 #b vols4 #a1beg pages4 #gd c5ts4 ,mail$1 po/-paid1 by ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #acab1 ,new ,york ,city 99 99 99 99 99 ,works ,relat+ to ,,an>*ism ,,9 ,,g]man ,,borgius1 ,w4 ,die ,ide5welt des ,an>*ismus4 #fh pages4 #bh c5ts4 ,,eltzba*]1 ,,paul4 ,d] ,an>*ismus4 #cag pages4 #a4bg4 ,f,r,i,e,d,l,ae,n,d,e,r1 ,,b5$ict4 ,m>xismus und ,an>*ismus4 #bdj pages4 #fi c5ts4 ,,humboldt1 ,,wilhelm ,,von4 ,ide5 zu e9em ,v]su*1 die ,gr5z5 d] ,wirksamkeit des ,/aats zu be/imm54 #bjd pages4 #ad c5ts4 ,,ibs51 ,,h5rik4 ,e9 ,volksfe9d4 ,translat$ by ,wilhelm ,lange4 #aje pages4 #h c5ts4 ,,mackay1 ,,john ,,h5ry4 ,die ,an>*i/54 ,kulturgemaelde aus dem ,ende des ,,xix4 ,jahrhund]ts4 #cci pages4 ,clo?1 #if c5ts2 pap]1 #fe c5ts4 ,/urm4 #di c5ts4 ,,saitzeff1 ,,hel5e4 ,william ,godw9 und die ,anfa5ge des ,an>*ismus im ,,xviii4 ,jahrhund]t4 ,e9 ,beitrag zur ,ges*i*te des politis*5 ,individualismus4 #gg pages4 #di c5ts4 ,,z5k]1 ,e4 ,v4 ,d] ,an>*ismus4 ,kritis*e ,ges*i*te d] an>*i/is*5 ,!orie4 #bga pages4 #a4bh4 ,,9 ,,italian ,,ibs51 ,,enrico4 ,un nemico del popolo4 #bf c5ts4 ,,zoccoli1 ,,e/ore ,g4 ,l'an>*ia3 gli agitatori1 le idee1 i fatti4 ,saggio di una revisione si/ematica e critica e di una valutazione etica4 #eeb pages4 #b4ig4 ,mail$1 po/-paid1 by ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #acab1 ,new ,york ,city 99 99 99 99 99 ,works ,relat+ to ,,an>*ism ,,9 ,,engli% ,,burke1 ,,edmund4 ,a ,v9dication ( ,natural ,society4 ,pamphlet4 #cf pages4 #aj c5ts4 ,9 va9 y tell me t artificial gov]nm5t is good1 b t ,i fall out only ) ! abuse4 ,! ?+--! ?+ itself is ! abuse4--,f ! above pamphlet4 ,,doni/horpe1 ,,wordswor?4 ,law 9 a ,free ,/ate4 #cac pages4 #a4ha4 ,if ! doctr9e ( passive ob$i5ce to ! ,odd ,man _h be5 univ]sally held by our =efa!rs1 !re w\ld h be5 no ,smi?field fires to light ! way to lib]ty4--,! ,au?or4 ,,ibs51 ,,h5rik4 ,an ,enemy ( ,society4 ,translat$ by ,william ,ar*]4 #acj pages4 ,pap] cov]s4 #be c5ts4 ,,ouida4 ,! ,wat]s ( ,ed]a4 #cdh pages4 ,gilt top4 #a4af4 ,a ?or\ghly ,an>*i/ic novel4 ,,t&y1 ,,francis ,d4 ,volunt>y ,socialism4 ,a sket*4 #bbh pages4 #ge c5ts4 ,,9 ,,fr5* ,,eltzba*]1 ,,paul4 ,l'an>*isme4 ,translat$ by ,otto ,k>m94 #dag pages4 #hg c5ts4 ,,ghio1 ,,paul4 ,l'an>*isme aux ,etats-unis4 #bab pages4 #eh c5ts4 ,,ibs51 ,,h5rik4 ,un ennemi du peuple4 ,translat$1 ) a preface1 by ! ,comte ,prozor4 #cjj pages4 #gc c5ts4 ,,mackay1 ,,john ,,h5ry4 ,les an>*i/es4 ,moeurs de la f9 du ,x,i,xe siecle4 ,translat$ by ,augu/e ,lavalle 7,l\is de ,hessem74 #dda pages4 #gd c5ts4 ,,rabani1 ,,emile4 ,l'an>*ie sci5tifique4 #aaa pages4 #ch c5ts4 ,mail$1 po/-paid1 by ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #acab1 ,new ,york ,city 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lib]ty ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,editor ,an ,an>*i/ic j\rnal1 exp\nd+ ! doctr9e t 9 ,equal ,lib]ty is to be f\nd ! mo/ satisfactory solution ( social que/ions1 & t majority rule1 or democracy1 equally ) mon>*ical rule1 is a d5ial ( ,equal ,lib]ty4 ,,appreciations ,g4 ,,b]n>d ,,%aw1 au?or ( ,man & ,sup]man3 ,lib]ty is a lively pap]1 9 :i* ! usual proportions ( a half-p5nywor? ( discussion to an intol]able deal ( bald]da% are rev]s$4 ,,william ,,d\glas ,o',,connor1 au?or ( ,! ,good ,gray ,poet3 ,! editor ( ,lib]ty w\ld be ! ,gavro*e ( ! ,revolution1 if he 7 n its ,enjolras4 ,,frank ,,/eph5s1 well-kn[n ,s+le-,tax *ampion1 ,philadelphia3 ,lib]ty is a pap] :i* re=ms re=m]s4 ,,bolton ,,hall1 au?or ( ,ev5 ,z ,y & ,i3 ,lib]ty %[s u ! pr(it ( ,an>*y1 & is ! prophet ( ,an>*y4 ,,all5 ,,kelly1 =m]ly *ief editorial writ] on ! ,philadelphia ,nor? ,am]ican3 ,lib]ty is my philosophical ,pol>is4 ,i asc]ta9 ! v>iations ( my economic compass by tak+ a sight at h] :5ev] %e is visible4 ,,samuel ,w4 ,,coop]1 c\nsellor at law1 ,philadelphia3 ,lib]ty is a j\rnal t ,?omas ,jeff]son w\ld h lov$4 ,,edw>d ,,osgood ,,br[n1 ,judge ( ! ,ill9ois ,circuit ,c\rt3 ,i h se5 mu* 9 ,lib]ty t ,i agre$ )1 & mu* t ,i disagre$ )1 b ,i nev] saw any cant1 hypocrisy1 or ins9c]ity 9 x1 :i* makes x an almo/ unique publication4 ,publi%$ ,bimon?ly4 ,twelve ,issues1 #a4jj ,s+le ,copies1 #aj ,c5ts ,,address3 ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #acab1 ,new ,york ,city 99 99 99 99 99 ,,josiah ,,w>r5 ,! ,fir/ ,am]ican ,an>*i/ ,a ,biography1 ) portrait ,,by ,,william ,,bailie ,! biography is prec$$ by an essay on ,! ,an>*i/ ,_s1 9 :i* ,mr4 ,bailie def9es ,an>*i/ belief 9 relation to o!r social =ces4 ,price1 ,"o ,doll> ,,mail$1 ,,po/-,,paid1 ,,by ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,p4 ,o4 ,,box #acab1 ,,new ,,york ,,city 99 99 99 99 99 ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]',s ,,unique ,,book-,,%op #ejb ,six? ,ave41 ne> #cj? ,/4 ,,op5 ,,ev5+s ,l>ge/ ,/ock 9 ! ,_w ,( ,advanc$ ,lit]ature 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 & ,italian ,l[e/ ,prices 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,by #bj to #cj ,p] ,c5t4 ,= ,all ,books 9 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 & ,italian ,prompte/ ,s]vice 9 ,am]ica ,= ,importation ( ,books f ,europe ,b5j4 ,r4 ,tuck]'s ,unique ,catalogues ,( ,engli% ,books1 #abe pages1 #adjj ,titles ,( ,fr5* ,books1 #eg pages1 #adjj ,titles ,( ,italian ,books1 #bd pages1 #ejj ,titles ,( ,g]man ,books1 #fd pages1 #aejj ,titles ,engli% ,catalogue1 #aj ,c5ts2 ,fr5*1 #e ,c5ts2 ,g]man1 #e ,c5ts2 ,italian1 #c ,c5ts ,any catalogue s5t to any address on receipt ( price ,mail ,address3 ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,p4 ,o4 ,,box #acab1 ,,new ,,york ,,city 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,sanity ,,( ,,art ,,by ,,b]n>d ,,%aw ,?is is ! fir/ publication 9 book or pamphlet =m ( ,b]n>d ,%aw's fam\s op5 lett] to ,b5j4 ,r4 ,tuck]1 ! editor ( ,lib]ty1 9 review ( ,max ,nordau's ,deg5]ation1 & orig9ally contribut$ to ! pages ( ,lib]ty4 ,! issue ( ,lib]ty conta9+ x is out ( pr9t1 & copies ( x are v valuable4 ,! volume conta9s also a *>act]i/ic ,%aw preface 9 :i* he decl>es t ! essay 0 prep>$ 9 response to ! highe/ (f] ev] made = a magaz9e article4 ,! ,sanity ( ,art is ,mr4 ,%aw's mo/ important pron\ncem5t on ! subject ( ,art1 & admitt$ly "o ( ! f9e/ pieces ( art criticism ev] p5n$4 #aad pages4 ,clo?1 gilt top1 #ge cts42 pap]1 #ce cts4 ,mail$1 po/-paid1 by ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #acab1 ,new ,york ,city 99 99 99 99 99 ,,two ,,( ,a ,,k9d6 ,a ,brace ( ,an>*i/ ,classics ,,sp5c] ,,& ,,?oreau ,! ,"r to ,ignore ! ,/ate ,by ,h]b]t ,sp5c] ,be+ a repr9t ( ! suppress$ *apt] f ! orig9al edition ( ,social ,/atics1 n[ r>e & co/ly4 ,price1 ,t5 ,c5ts ,on ! ,duty ( ,civil ,disob$i5ce ,by ,h5ry ,d4 ,?oreau ,i quietly decl>e w> ) ! ,/ate1 aft] my fa%ion1 ?\gh ,i w /ill make :at use & get :at advantage ( h] ,i c1 z is usual 9 su* cases4--,?oreau4 ,price1 ,sev5 ,c5ts ,mail$1 po/-paid1 by ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #acab1 ,new ,york ,city 99 99 99 99 99 ,,an>*i/ ,,/ick]s ,aggressive1 concise ,an>*i/ic ass]tions & argum5ts1 9 %eets1 gumm$ & p]=at$1 to be plant$ ev]y:]e z broadca/ se$ = ?\ght4 ,pr9t$ 9 cle>1 heavy type4 ,size1 #b-a_/h by #a-a_/d in*es4 ,excell5t = use on fir/1 ?ird1 & f\r? class mail matt]4 ,!re is no bett] me?od ( propag&ism = ! money4 ,!re are #dh diff]5t ,/ick]s4 ,ea* %eet conta9s #d copies ( "o ,/ick]4 ,,sample ,,/ick]s ,no4 #b4--;,x c nev] be unpatriotic to take y\r c\ntry's side aga9/ y\r ,gov]nm5t4 ,x mu/ always be unpatriotic to take y\r ,gov]nm5t's side aga9/ y\r c\ntry4 ,no4 #g4--,:at ,i mu/ n d1 ! ,gov]nm5t mu/ n d4 ,no4 #h4--,:atev] really useful ?+ ,gov]nm5t does = m5 !y w\ld d = !mselves if !re 0 no ,gov]nm5t4 ,no4 #i4--,! in/itution kn[n z gov]nm5t _c cont9ue to exi/ unless _m a man is will+ to be ,gov]nm5t's ag5t 9 committ+ :at he himself reg>ds z an abom9able crime4 ,no4 #ab4--;,consid]+ :at a nuisance ! ,gov]nm5t is1 ! man :o says we _c get rid ( x mu/ be call$ a confirm$ pessimi/4 ,no4 #ah4--;,an>*ism is ! d5ial ( =ce aga9/ any peaceable individual4 ,no4 #bd4--;,all ,gov]nm5ts1 ! wor/ on e>? & ! mo/ tyrannical on e>?1 are free ,gov]nm5ts to t portion ( ! p :o volunt>ily support !m4--,lys&] ,spoon]4 ,no4 #cb4--;,i c>e n :o makes ?' laws iv a nation1 if ,i c get out an injunction4--,mr4 ,dooley4 ,no4 #cc4--;,x w nev] make any diff]5ce to a h]o :at ! laws are4--,em]son4 ,no4 #cd4--,! population ( ! _w is gradually divid+ into two classes--,an>*i/s & crim9als4 ,no4 #ch4--,lib]ty means responsibility4 ,t is :y mo/ m5 dread x4--,b]n>d ,%aw4 ,no4 #dd4--,!re is "o ?+ 9 ! _w m wick$ ?an ! desire to comm&1 & t is ! w to obey4--,w4 ,k+don ,clif=d4 ,no4 #df4--,! only protection :i* hone/ p ne$ is protection aga9/ t va/ ,society = ! ,creation ( ,!ft :i* is euphemi/ically designat$ z ! ,/ate4 ,no4 #dg4--,) ! mon/r\s laws t are accumulat+ on ! /atute-books1 "o may safely say t ! man :o is n a confirm$ crim9al is sc>cely fit to live among dec5t p4 ,s5d = circul> giv+ entire li/ ( #dh ,/ick]s1 ) _! numb]s4 ,ord] by numb]4 ,price3 #ajj ,/ick]s1 assort$ to suit pur*as]1 #e c5ts2 #bjj1 or m1 ,/ick]s1 assort$ to suit pur*as]1 #c c5ts p] hundr$4 ,mail$1 po/ paid1 by ,,b5j4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #acab1 ,new ,york ,city4