file :i* includes ! orig9al             
illu/rations4       ,see #cfeeb-;h4htm  
or #cfeeb-;h4zip3                       
7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/
#cfeeb_/pg#cfeeb-;images4html7       or 
7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#cfee
b_/cfeeb-;h4zip7         ,images ( !    
orig9al pages are available ?r\gh       
,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see                  
http3_/_/www4ar*ive4org_/details_/yorkm9
/]#jj;cu/      ,illu/ration3 ,york ,m9/]
   ,,york ,,m9/]  by  ,! ,v ,rev4 ,a4   
,p4 ,,purey-,,cu/1 ,d4,d4 ,dean ( ,york 
,illu/rat$ by ,alex&] ,an/$             
,london3 ,isbi/]  ,co4 ,ltd4 #ae  #af   
,tavi/ock ,/reet ,cov5t ,g>d5           
,,mdcccxcvii     ,york ,m9/]   ,ut rosa 
flos florum sic e/ domus i/a domorum are
 ! words :i* "s unkn[n h& has inscrib$  
^u ! walls ( our ,m9/]2 & we :o love !  
habitation ( ,8 h\se & ! place :]e      
,god's hon\r dwelle? v5ture to ?9k t ^! 
are words ( tru? & sob]ness ev5 n[1 ?\gh
 we rememb] t :5 !y 7 writt5 !re 7 _m   
features ( art & ta/e adorn+ ! great    

fabric :i* h long s9ce pass$ away4 ,/ill
 ,york ,m9/] is a ?+ ( beauty 9 spite ( 
ru?less improvem5ts & fanatical zeal &  
,puritan ,phili/9ism & indiscrim9at+    
utilit>ianism & ignorant re/orations4   
,9 spite ( ^!1 & 9 consequ5ce ( ^!      
p]haps1 ,york ,m9/] is :at x is2 & if we
 _c recall all t tradition tells u once 
adorn$ its c\rts & enri*$ its           
sanctu>ies1 we c admire & appreciate :at
 has come into our h&s1 & ?ank ,god t x 
is our privilege to wor%ip 9 a h\se s   
wor?y ( ,8 holy "n4 ,yes1 & x is a      
pleasure & int]e/ to recall ! gradual   
developm5t !re( ?r\gh s _m g5]ations (  
m52 h[ x has come up l a fl[]1 f a v    
small & insignificant beg9n+1 putt+ =?  
gradually1 z "t w5t on1 l>g]            
developm5ts1 l ! se$1 fir/ ! blade !n ! 
e>2 ext5d+ l ! v9e ( old h] bran*es unto
 ! sea & h] b\ghs unto ! riv]--ea* ) "s 
fre% & *>act]i/ic novelty1 z affect$ by 
! diff]5t s*ools ( ar*itectural ta/e1   
:i*1 l ! diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>1 h %$  
_! influ5ce ov] x4 ,& we love to        

idealise ! sc5es :i* h tak5 place !re91 
& ! p]sons1 _m n unkn[n to hi/ory1 :o h 
_h _! %>e 9 ! good "w or ^: lives &     
actions are associat$ !re)1 or to recall
 h[1 sometimes 9 accordance )1 sometimes
 9 opposition to1 :at !y mo/ e>ne/ly    
desir$1 x1 at l5g?1 f> eclips$ ! mo/    
sangu9e anticipations ( its f\nd]s1 & 9 
its sob] dignity & *a/5$ ornam5tation   
acquir$ a reputation second to none ( ! 
,h\ses ( ,god 9 ! l&4  ,x is1 ( c\rse1 a
 m]e speculation1 b fancy w sometimes be
 busy ) va9 surmises z to :e!r ! pres5t 
,m9/] is a developm5t ( ! orig9al       
,briti% *ur*1 a m]e gra9 ( mu/>d se$1 no
 d\bt1 z comp>$ ) its aft]gr[?4 ,b "s   
primitive build+ did exi/1 =1 z f> back 
z ! ye> #ahj1 ,b$a tells u1 mission>ies 
7 s5t f ,rome by ,eleu!rius at ! reque/ 
( ! ,briti% *iefta9 ,lucius1 n = !      
conv]sion ( ! p1 b to settle controv]t$ 
po9ts ( diff]5ces z to ,ea/]n & ,we/]n  
c]emonials :i* 7 di/urb+ ! ,*ur*1 &     
tradition speaks ( tw5ty-eight ,briti%  
bi%ops1 "o = ea* ( ! great] ,briti%     

cities1 ov] :om presid$ ! ,ar*bi%ops (  
,london1 ,york & ,ca]leon-on-,usk4 ,s t 
! ,romans probably f\nd a ,*ri/ian ,*ur*
 already e/abli%$ :5 ,agricola took     
possession ( ,eburacum1 t[>ds ! close ( 
! fir/ c5tury aft] ,*ri/'s bir?1 &      
probably tol]at$ x ) pr\d indiff]5ce =  
_m g5]ations until ! great p]secution ( 
,diocletian 9 #bid1 :5 ,con/antius      
,*lorus1 "o ( 8 associates 9 ! empire1 0
 9 comm&1 :o1 ,eusebius says1 0         
nev]!less mo/ lib]al & tol]ant2 ?\gh    
,b$a tells u ( numb]s ( m>tyrs &        
confessors1 & h[ *ur*es 7 ?r[n d[n1 :ile
 trembl+ believ]s fl$ = refuge to !     
wild]ness & ! m\nta9s4 ,b c]ta9ly       
,con/antius pr(ess$ himself fav\rable to
 ,*ri/ianity 9 #cje1 :5 he divid$ !     
empire ) ,gal]ius1 &1 aft] reign+ = a   
few mon?s1 di$1 & 8 body 0 probably     
burnt & buri$ "h4 ,"h1 at ,york1 8 son1 
,con/ant9e1 if n born1 0 salut$ z       
,imp]ator by ! army on 8 fa!r's dea?1 & 
ev5tually delib]ately adopt$ ! ,*ri/ian 
fai?4  ,illu/ration3 ,we/ ,front  ,?is  

w\ld lead u to expect t fav\r w\ld be   
%[n to ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 & tradition has
 h&$ d[n ! names ( sev]al prelates (    
,york ab\t ?is date3 ,eborius1 :o 0     
pres5t ) two o!rs at ! ,c\ncils (       
,arles1 #cad1 & ,nicaea & ,s>dica &     
,arim9ium2 ,sampson1 :o 0 driv5 out ( ! 
city by ! incursion ( ,pagans & fl$ to  
,/ ,david's2 ,pyramus1 ,*apla9 ( ,k+    
,ar?ur1 t la/ t[] ( ,briti% /r5g?1 &    
*>g$ by him to re/ore ! desolat$ & ru9$ 
*ur*es2 & f9ally ,tadiocus1 :o1 :5 he   
saw ! armies ( ,saxons p\r+ 91 jo9$     
,!onus1 ,bi%op ( ,london1 & fl$ to      
,wales1 :i!r1 z ! ,saxons did n tol]ate 
,*ri/ianity1 !y 7 foll[$ by all ^? :o   
desir$ to keep ! fai? 9 peace4 ,h[ev]1 9
 #eig1 ,augu/9e l&$ at ,ebbsfleet 9     
,k5t1 & ev5tually conv]t$ & baptiz$     
,e!lb]t1 ,k+ ( ,k5t1 :o _h m>ri$ ,b]?a1 
daught] ( ! ,franki% k+1 ,*>ib]t1 & 9   
#fja1 ,pope ,gregory1 ) a desire to     
assi/ ,augu/9e 9 8 "w among/ !          
,anglo-,saxons1 s5t ov] ,paul9us1 z a   
likely p]son1 %\ld occasion (f]1 to     

resuscitate ! desolat$ ,*ur* (          
,nor?umbria1 & re/ore ! ,metropolitan   
,see ( ,york4 ,x is said t ,paul9us 0 ! 
,lat9 title assum$ by ,rum1 ! son (     
,uri51 a ,briti% *ief1 :o hav+ oppos$ ! 
,saxons 9 ! nor? _h1 on _! supremacy1   
fl$ ) 8 family f ! c\ntry & s\ght safety
 at ,rome1 & t1 !re=e1 ,augu/9e hav+    
endeav\r$ 9 va9 to p]suade ! ,briti%    
cl]gy 9 ,k5t to co-op]ate ) him1        
,gregory select$ ,paul9us z likely to be
 a useful coadjutor to him 9 !          
evangelisation ( ,k5t4  ,subsequ5t      
ev5ts1 p]haps unexpect$ly1 fav\r$ ?is   
plan1 = ,edw91 ! legitimate heir to !   
?rone ( ,nor?umbria1 be+ driv5 away by 8
 bro!r-9-law1 ,e!lfri?1 :o _h usurp$ !  
cr[n1 s\ght = security & protection 9   
o!r k+doms1 &1 9 8 w&]+s1 came to ! c\rt
 ( ,e!lb]t1 :]e he became fasc9at$ by   
,e!lburga1 8 daught]1 & s\ght h] = 8    
wife4 ,ass5t 0 giv5 on condition t %e1  
be+ a ,*ri/ian1 %\ld be all[$ ,*ri/ian  
wor%ip1 & t he w\ld consid] ! fai?4 ,?is
 he promis$ to d1 & ,r$wald1 ,k+ ( ,ea/ 

,anglia1 hav+ sla9 ,e!lfri? 9 a battle  
ne> ! sluggi% wat]s ( ! riv] ,idle1     
,edw9 0 re/or$ to 8 inh]itance1 &       
proce$$ to take possession ( 8 k+dom    
accompani$ n only by 8 wife b by        
,paul9us z h] *apla91 :o _h be5         
consecrat$ ,bi%op ( ! ,nor?umbrians by  
,ju/us on ,july #ba/1 #fbe4 ,= two ye>s 
,edw9 rema9$ un9flu5c$ alike by !       
entreaties ( 8 wife & ! argum5ts ( !    
bi%op1 b at l5g? gave way1 & on ,ea/]   
day1 ,april #ab?1 #fbg1 he 0 baptiz$ 9 a
 little *ur* or *apel ( wood1 ha/ily    
con/ruct$ at 8 bidd+1 & d$icat$ to ,/4  
,pet]1 "r 9 front ( ! great hea!n temple
 9 ! c5tre ( 8 capital1 ,eburacum4      
,no?+ is left ( ?is primitive /ructure1 
b ! well is /ill po9t$ out f :i* ! wat] 
us$ at ! c]emony 0 drawn1 & a little    
beyond is a flight ( /one /airs end+ 9 a
 squ>e /one slab :i* tradition says 7 ! 
/eps & alt> ( ! temple4  ,!re are /ill  
traces1 h[ev]1 ( ! /one *ur* :i*        
,ar*bi%op ,alb]t built 9 its place      
7#gda71 :5 x _h be5 greatly injur$ by   

fire4 ,"p ( ! h]r+-bone walls is /ill to
 be se51 & aft] ! great fire 9 #ahbi1   
,br[n1 ! antiqu>y1 successfully trac$   
out ! f\ndations1 :i*1 h[ev]1 are n[    
conceal$4 ,h[ev]1 x rema9$ un9jur$1 9   
spite ( incursions ( ,picts & ,scots1   
until ! ,conque/1 :5 x %>$ 9 ! univ]sal 
de/ruction met$ out by ! ,conqu]or to   
,york & ! surr\nd+ c\ntry2 & ,?omas1 !  
fir/ ,norman ar*bi%op1 f\nd little left 
b a few tott]+ ro(less walls :i* _h     
surviv$ ! flames4 ,he re-ro($ & re/or$ !
 *ur* z well z he c\ld1 rebuilt !       
refectory & dormitory1 & 9 o!r respects 
set 9 ord] ! affairs ( ! e/abli%m5t4 ,& 
s x rema9$ until ,rog] de ,pont         
l',eveque succe$$ to ! ar*iepiscopate 9 
#aaed4  ,langfranc1 on 8 accession to ! 
,see ( ,cant]bury 9 #ajgc1 _h f\nd !    
ca!dral ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ( :i* ,eadm] has 
left a curi\s record1 almo/ consum$ by  
fire2 b 9 sev5 ye>s he succe$$ 9        
rebuild+ ! :ole *ur* f ! f\ndation on ! 
plan & dim5sions ( ,/4 ,/eph5's at ,ca51
 ! abbacy ( :i* he _h quitt$ to become  

ar*bi%op4 ,a detail$ & s+ul>ly precise  
acc\nt by ,g]vase1 ! monk1 is /ill      
extant4 ,on ! dea? ( ,lanfranc1 #ajhi1 !
 see 0 be/[$ on ,anselm1 :o z soon z    
possible took d[n ! %ort *oir & replac$ 
x ) "o ext5d+ magnific5tly ea/w>d1      
provid$ ) a crypt1 an apsidal aisle1 a  
processional pa? ) flank+ t[]s1 call$   
,/4 ,anselm's & ,/4 ,&rew's t[]s1 &     
radiat+ *apels1 z well z ) ea/]n        
transepts1 all :i* 01 9 fact1 an        
imitation ( ! great ,abbey ( ,cluny1    
entru/+ ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! "w to ! priors
 ,ernulph & ,conrad1 ev5tually 8        
successor1 :o1 9 #aaad1 complet$ ! *oir 
) s mu* magnific5ce t x 0 d5om9at$ !    
glori\s *oir ( ,conrad4 ,all ?is1 h[ev]1
 0 de/roy$ by fire 9 #aagd1 :i* ,g]vase 
himself witness$1 b 9 f\r ye>s 0 re/or$ 
& ev5 improv$ by ! great ,fr5* ar*itect 
,william ( ,s5s4  ,9 #aaed1 :5 ,ar*bi%op
 ,fitzh]b]t di$ at ,york1 ?is fair      
build+ mu/ h be5 9 ! z5i? ( its beauty1 
& we c well imag9e ! anxiety ( ,rob]t ! 
,dean & ,osb]t ! ,ar*deacon to secure ! 

election by ! ,*apt] ( ,rog]1 :o _h be5 
,ar*deacon ( ,cant]bury f #aadh1 & :o _h
 no d\bt already giv5 promise ( t       
ar*itectural ability & lib]ality ( "*   
:i* ev5tually made him ! mo/ munific5t  
rul] t ev] presid$ ov] ! ,see ( ,york4  
,becket succe$$ him 9 ! ar*deaconry     
until #aafb1 :51 elevat$ to ! ,see (    
,cant]bury1 ! two quondam ar*deacons (  
,cant]bury 7 at ! v helm ( ! ,*ur* (    
,engl&4  ,illu/ration3 ,norman ,pi]s 9  
,crypt  ,rog] seems at once to h comm5c$
 ! reproduction at ,york ( ?is great "w1
 by sub/itut+ = ! %ort simple *ancel ( !
 ,m9/] a complex ea/]n build+ :i*1 mak+ 
due all[ance = its want ( equal         
dim5sions ) ,cant]bury *oir1 0 yet      
evid5tly plann$ on ! same sy/em1 ) !    
aisles squ>e end$ in/ead ( apsidal1 & ! 
flank+ t[]s made to p]=m ! "p ( ea/]n   
transepts4 ,( ?is *oir1 portions only ( 
! crypt /ill survive4 ,! base ( !       
beautiful we/]n entrance doorway to !   
nor? aisle c /ill be se5 by adv5tur\s   
explor]s4 ,! ord9>y visitor c /ill      

admire ! sub/antial & elaborately incis$
 columns1 :i* once support$ ! floor ( ! 
*oir above1 & see ! ar*es1 ) ! bold     
zigzag m\ld+s1 :i* once re/$ on !m1 b   
:i* 7 remov$ 9 ! days ( ,edw>d ,i4 to   
support a /one plat=m beh9d ! high alt>1
 on :i* 0 erect$ ! %r9e ( ,william      
,fitzh]b]t1 !n canonis$ z ,/4 ,william (
 ,york1 to provide = ! nor!rn prov9ce a 
c\nt]-attraction to ,/4 ,?omas (        
,cant]bury4 ,if ! ar*es 7 replac$ on !  
pi]s ! pavem5t ( ! *oir w\ld be #ae-a_/b
 feet above ! pavem5t ( ! crypt1 )9 #f  
in*es ( t ( ,cant]bury1 & if ! pres5t   
nave floor 7 r$uc$ #d feet to its       
orig9al level1 ! respective levels ( !  
nave1 crypt1 & *oir at ,york &          
,cant]bury w\ld be ! same4 ,no d\bt !   
arrangem5t ( ! diff]5t flights ( /eps f 
! nave to ! *oir & to ! crypt1 brok5 9 !
 c5tre aisle ) a broad l&+ :i* /ill     
rema9s at ,cant]bury1 0 foll[$ at ,york4
 ,b all ?is has pass$ away1 & ! feature 
( ! glori\s *oir ( ,rog] c n[ only be   
realis$ f ! conjectures ( ! ar*aeologi/ 

or ! dreams ( ! antiqu>y4  ,illu/ration3
 ,! ,*oir look+ ,ea/  ,b !re 7 munific5t
 laym5 z well z ecclesia/ics 9 ^? days1 
= ,"l ,william de ,p]cy gave ! *ur* (   
,topcliffe1 ) all ?+s p]ta9+1 to ! *ur* 
( ,/4 ,pet] at ,york1 z a p]petual alms 
= ! repair+ & build+ !re(1 a gift :i*   
/ill rema9s 9 ! possession ( ! ,dean &  
,*apt]2 & he & 8 successors cont9u$ to  
assi/ ! developm5t ( ! ,ca!dral )       
munific5t contributions ( wood until !  
completion ( ! nave1 :5 8 /atue 0 plac$1
 to commemorate 8 lib]ality1 above ! we/
 door1 on ! "r h& ( ,ar*bi%op ,melton1 !
 ,metropolitan at t "t4 ,on 8 left /&s  
ano!r figure commemorat+ equally lib]al 
b5efactors3 ,maug] le ,vavas\r1 :o gave 
a grant ( free way = ! /one requir$ = ! 
f\ndation ( ! ,m9/] by ,ar*bi%op ,?omas2
 8 son1 ,rob]t le ,vavas\r1 also gave   
#aj acres & half a rood ( 8 qu>ry 9     
,?ievesdale 9 free1 pure & p]petual     
alms2 & _! desc5dants1 9 l mann]1       
pres5t$ almo/ all ! mat]ial requir$ = ! 
pres5t build+s1 ev5 z late z ! great    

fire 9 #ahbi1 :5 ,sir ,edw>d ,vavas\r1  
al?\gh a ,roman ,ca?olic1 at once plac$ 
8 qu>ries at ! s]vice ( ! ,dean & ,*apt]
 = ! re/oration ( ! *oir4  ,fancy w\ld  
fa9 idealise ! *oir ( ,rog]1 :i* has    
pass$ away1 = ! sup]/ructure to su*     
sub/antial & dignifi$ masonry z /ill    
rema9s mu/ h be5 solemn & impos+4       
,pr(essor ,willis sugge/s a *oir ! floor
 ( :i* 0 rais$ #ae feet above ! floor ( 
! nave1 & transepts ) ea/]n t[]s        
approa*$ by flights ( /eps su* z /ill   
exi/ at ,cant]bury1 b ! le>n$ pr(essor  
_h few reliable data = 8 conjectures1 & 
x mu/ rema9 a conjecture usque ad f9em4 
,ge(frey ,plantag5et1 :o succe$$ ,rog]1 
_h n ! opportunity1 ev5 if he _h ! w &  
capacity1 to ext5d ! build+s ( ! ,m9/]4 
,! y\nge/ *ild ( fair ,rosamond1 !      
lawful wife1 hi/orians n[ tell u1 (     
,h5ry ,,ii41 he 0 at lea/ a lov+ son4   
,on 8 brea/ 8 fa!r di$1 to him ! ,k+    
gave 8 royal r+1 & on 8 head ) 8 la/ dy+
 brea? he invok$ ! bless+ ( heav54 ,b if
 8 dutiful conduct caus$ ! w>m-he>t$    

memb]s ( ! ,*apt] to elect _! ,treasur] 
,ar*bi%op1 x did n conciliate ei!r ( 8  
half-bro!rs1 ,ri*>d & ,john4 ,sixte5    
ye>s ( incessant discord ensu$1 & !n he 
gave place to "o m capable ( 8 position1
 ,walt] de ,gray4 ,b ! ,*apt] did n at  
fir/ ?9k s4 ,he 0 n "o ( !mselves2 !y   
knew little ( ! ,bi%op ( ,worce/]1 & :at
 !y knew !y dislik$4 ,he 01 9 _! eyes1  
an illit]ate p]son4 ,simon de ,langton 0
 m to _! m9d4 ,b ,walt] de ,gray 0 ,k+  
,john's fri5d1 & ,john 0 n a man to be  
?w>t$4 ,he meant him to be ,ar*bi%op1 & 
8 repres5tatives p]suad$ ,pope ,innoc5t 
,,iii4 to ov]rule ! election ( ! ,*apt]4
 ,at lea/1 he 0 a man ( pure life1 !y   
said4 ,p] sanctum ,petrum1 repli$ !     
,pope1 virg9itas magna e/ virtus1 et nos
 eum damus vobis4  ,& c]ta9ly po/]ity   
has _h no reason to regret 8 decision4  
,! glori\s e>ly ,engli% transepts & t[] 
are believ$ to h be5 8 conception1 va/  
beyond any?+ :i* _h be5 erect$ 9 ^?     
days1 &1 z ! late ,mr4 ,/reet has (t5   
told me1 aft] all 8 exp]i5ces on !      

,cont95t1 unsurpass$ 9 ,*ri/5dom4 ,walt]
 de ,gray1 at lea/1 complet$ ! s\?      
transept1 9 boldness ( arrangem5t &     
design1 & 9 ri*ness ( decoration )\t a  
pe]4 ,& !re 8 body re/s 9 ! grave :i*   
receiv$ all t 0 mortal ( him on ! vigil 
( ,p5teco/1 #abee1 /ill surm\nt$ ) !    
effigy ( ! great man 9 full canonicals  
c>v$ 9 ,purbeck m>ble1 "u a comely      
canopy re/+ on t5 light & graceful      
pill>s1 hidd51 alas6 by a crude & mod]n 
scre5 ( iron1 ! well-int5tion$ addition 
( ,ar*bi%op ,m>kham "s eighty ye>s ago4 
,illu/ration3 ,s\? ,transept & ,f\nd]'s 
,tomb  ,& ,provid5ce _h associat$ )     
,walt] de ,gray "o wor?y ( su* a        
fell[%ip1 ,john le ,roma91 ! treasur] ( 
! *ur*1 an ,italian ecclesia/ic :o1     
tradition says1 smitt5 ) ! *>ms ( "s    
d>k-ey$ beauty ( ! ,s\? gladly associat$
 himself ) ! cl]gy ( ! ,*ur* :]e        
celibacy1 at t day at lea/1 0 n de      
rigueur4 ,he x 0 :o complet$ ! great "w 
8 sup]ior _h comm5c$1 rais$1 at 8 own   
exp5se1 ! great t[]1 built ! nor?       

transept1 design$ ! ,five ,si/]s1 &     
fill$ x ) ! exquisite grisaille         
geometrical glass1 :i* has be5 !        
admiration ( successive g5]ations = six 
hundr$ ye>s4 ,h[ mu* ,walt] de ,grey    
laid out 9 ! erection ( ! transepts ,i  
_c say3 ,i only "k t ! ,s\? ,transept   
co/ ,l#bc1jjj to re/ore fifte5 ye>s ago4
 ,9 addition to 8 "w on ! mat]ial fabric
 ( ! ,m9/]1 ,ar*bi%op ,walt] de ,grey   
a*iev$ t :i* _h a sub/antial influ5ce on
 its progress to its completion4        
,ar*bi%op ,rog] _h initiat$ ! great "w1 
b _h di$ 9 8 b$1 & 8 influ5ce _h di$ )  
him4 ,?omas a ,becket1 8 successor z    
,ar*deacon ( ,cant]bury1 _h also advanc$
 to ! dignity ( ! ar*iepiscopate1 b he  
_h fall5 a victim to 8 zeal = ! ,*ur*   
spiritual1 & 8 m>tyrdom & canonisation  
_h entail$ a %r9e 9 ! ,ca!dral :i* 0    
elicit+ f innum]able pilgrims munific5t 
(f]+s = ! fabric ( ! *ur*4 ,if ,york 7  
to compete ) ,cant]bury x 0 necess>y t  
"h1 too1 a %r9e ( "s popul> sa9t %\ld   
attract ! pres5ce ( ! dev\t1 & appeal to

 _! munific5ce & lib]ality4 ,?is also   
,walt] de ,grey1 support$ z he 0 by !   
k+1 0 able to accompli%1 & 9 compliance 
) a petition f ! ,ar*bi%op & ,dean &    
,*apt]1 ,pope ,honorius1 on ,m>* #ah?1  
#abbf1 issu$ a lett]1 ti$ ) ?read ( silk
 & a ,bull1 to ! effect t ! "n (        
,william 7,fitzh]b]t7 ( holy memory1    
=m]ly ,ar*bi%op ( ,york1 nom9at$ by !m =
 ?is hon\r1 ! pr$ecessor ( ,ar*bi%op    
,rog]1 0 inscrib$ 9 ! catalogue ( !     
,sa9ts ( ! ,*ur* ,militant4  ,little1   
h[ev]1 seems to h be5 done dur+ !       
ar*iepiscopates ( ,sewell de ,bovell1   
,ge(fry de ,ludham & ,walt] ,gif=d4     
,h[ev]1 9 #abgi1 ,william de ,wykewayne1
 ,*ancellor ( ! ,*ur*1 0 elect$ to !    
see1 & he at once took action by        
translat+ ! rema9s ( ! canonis$         
,william1 on ,decemb] #bi?1 to a becom+ 
%r9e prep>$ = !m beh9d ! high alt> on a 
plat=m rais$ ^u ! ar*es ( ! crypt remov$
 to ?is1 _! pres5t1 position1 = t       
purpose4 ,x 0 a gr& day 9 ! ,m9/]4      
,edw>d ,i4 himself1 toge!r ) ! bi%ops :o

 7 pres5t1 c>ri$ on _! %\ld]s ! *e/ or  
f]etory conta9+ ! preci\s relics to _!  
new re/+-place1 & ,an?ony ,beck1        
consecrat$ ! same day ,bi%op ( ,durham1 
paid all ! exp5ses4  ,9 #abhf1 ,ar*bi%op
 ,wykewayne di$1 & 0 succe$$ by ano!r1  
,john ,romanus1 ! wor?y son ( !         
munific5t treasur]1 :o _h d\btless      
inh]it$ ! ta/e & munific5ce ( 8 fa!r4   
,p]haps = t v reason ! ,*apt] select$   
him1 :5 only ,preb5d>y ( ,w>?ill 9 !    
*ur*1 to be 8 successor1 & 8 t5 ye>s (  
(fice1 if too %ort to d mu*1 0 suffici5t
 to initiate ! great "w ( build+ a nave 
consi/5t ) ! transepts4 ,ano!r /yle (   
ar*itecture 0 sett+ 91 ! ,decorat$1 &   
:]e c\ld x be bett] inaugurat$ ?an 9 su*
 a *ur* z ?is8 ,= "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s
 ! good "w w5t on4 ,f\r prelates 9      
succession1 ,h5ry de ,new>k1 ,?omas de  
,corbridge1 ,william de ,gre5field1     
,william de ,melton1 ea*1 dur+ 8 t5ure (
 (fice1 /rove to promote ! completion ( 
! gr& design 8 pr$ecessor _h indicat$1 9
 t full p]fection ( ecclesia/ical       

ar*itecture4 ,no ef=t 0 sp>$1 no p]sonal
 self-d5ial evad$2 cl]gy & laity alike  
%>$ 9 ! en?usiasm ( ! mom5t1 !          
,plantag5et k+s1 = ! mo/ "p resid5t 9   
,york1 by (f]+s & by influ5ce1 enc\rag+ 
& /imulat+ ! good "w4 ,ar*bi%op ,melton 
contribut$ _m ?\s&s ( p\nds f 8 own     
purse1 & _h ! privilege ( see+ ! gr&    
conception complet$2 & !re he sits above
 ! c5tral doorway grav5 9 /one 9 8      
ar*iepiscopal attire1 ) 8 h& /ill rais$ 
9 ! attitude ( b5$iction2 ov] 8 head "o 
( ! f9e/ flamboyant w9d[s 9 ! _w1 & on  
ei!r side ! repres5tatives ( ! h\ses (  
,vavas\r & ,p]cy1 be>+ 9 _! arms emblems
 ( ! wood & /one :i* !y _h (f]$4        
,illu/ration3 ,! ,*apt] ,h\se %[+       
,ve/ibule ,ext]ior  ,& concurr5tly ) !  
great "w1 ano!r1 9 p]fect h>mony !re)1 0
 proce$+1 viz4 ! ,*apt] ,h\se1 ) its    
great circumf]5ce occupi$ ) /alls1      
surm\nt$ by elaborate & delicate        
canopies1 enri*$ ) innum]able qua9t &   
sugge/ive c>v+s ( heads & features1 "s z
 w>n+s1 "s z enc\ragem5ts1 to ^? :o h   

eyes to see1 & ( graceful foliage (     
trefoil & o!r plants1 specially ! planta
 b5$icta1 :i* illu/rat$ ! doctr9e ( !   
,holy ,tr9ity & ! love ( ,god1 girdl$ ) 
a simple yet emblematical wrea? ( ! v9e2
 :ile ! v>i$ foliage rises aga9 9 !     
glass1 bord]+ ! noble w9d[s1 ri* )      
h]aldry & sacr$ subjects1 until lo/ 9 ! 
/ately ro(1 :i*1 spann+ ! :ole area )\t 
any c5tral column1 & once gl[+ )        
emblematical figures & />s1 is c5tr$ ) a
 maje/ic boss ( ! ,lamb ( ,god4 ,alas t 
,willem5t ev] essay$ to re/ore x1 scrap$
 ! pa9t+s f ! walls1 pla/]$ ! ceil+1    
repair$ ! floor1 & ru9$ ! ea/ w9d[ :i*  
he _h tak5 to pieces & f\nd himself     
incompet5t to put toge!r aga96 ,/ill1   
?\gh b ! survival ( its anci5t glories1 
x is ! fl[] ( our fl[]s1 ! focus ( all !
 beauties :i* 9 _! wanton pr(usion ext5d
 on all sides ar\nd u4  ,:o built x8 ,:o
 conceiv$ ?is /ately hall1 ) ?is elegant
 ve/ibule unique 9 ! cloi/]s ( ,europe8 
,:o furni%$ ! funds by :i* x 0 f\nd$ &  
complet$8 ,well1 if conjecture may      

supply :at fai? or mode/y may h left    
unexpress$1 ,bogo de ,cl>e1 = ! %ields 9
 ! trac]y po9t to t family4 ,he1 an     
ecclesia/ical c\rti] ne>ly relat$ to !  
royal family1 & a n altoge!r wor?y scion
 ( ! ,h\se ( ,cl>e1 b weal?y beyond all 
conception ) ! plurality ( 8 b5efices1  
:i* ! late ,*ancellor ,ra9e e/imat$ at  
ab\t ,l#bj1jjj p] annum1 0 treasur] ( ! 
,m9/] f #abgd to #abhe4 ,a man probably 
n likely to d mu* to promote ! devotion 
( ! ,m9/]1 ?\gh ready to devote ! va/   
accumulation ( money :i* he _h acquir$  
to exalt ! glories ( ! h\se ( :i* he 0 a
 memb]1 &1 = ! "t at lea/1 ! reputation 
( 8 "n4  ,melton's days clos$ "u ! d>k  
%ad[ ( 8 defeat at ,myton by ! ,scot*1 &
 ,z\*e1 ,dean ( ,york1 8 successor1 ?\gh
 he wip$ (f ! /a9 !re( by 8 triumphant  
victory ov] !m at ,nevill's ,cross1 &   
took c>e ( ,que5 ,philippa & h] *ildr5  
dur+ ! abs5ce ( ,edw>d ,,iii4 9 8 ,fr5* 
w>s1 did little to promote ! mat]ial    
dignity ( ! ,m9/]1 save to build ! *apel
 :i* be>s 8 "n1 & :i* he _h int5d$ = a  

place ( sepulture = himself4 ,b         
,?oresby1 a ,york%ireman f ,w5sleydale1 
& a ,preb5d>y ( ! ,m9/]1 8 successor 9  
#aceb1 ,bi%op ( ,worce/] & ,"l          
,*ancellor1 0 a man ( v diff]5t         
temp]am5t4 ,he _h ! fur!r developm5t ( !
 glories ( ! ,m9/] ?or\ghly at he>t4 ,at
 once he sacrific$ 8 palace at ,%]burn  
to provide mat]ials = an appropriate    
,ladye ,*apel1 gave successive munific5t
 donations ( ,l#ajj at ea* ( ! great    
fe/ivals ( ! ,*ri/ian ye>1 & call$ on   
cl]gy & laity alike to submit *e]fully  
to /r+5t self-d5ial to supply ! funds4  
,illu/ration3 ,*apt] ,h\se doorway f )9 
,dur+ 8 t5ure ( (fice ( tw5ty-?ree ye>s 
! ,ladye ,*apel 0 complet$1 a *a/e &    
dignifi$ specim5 ( ,e>ly ,p]p5dicul>    
/yle1 into :i* ! ,decorat$ gradually    
bl5d$ aft] ! ye> #acfj1 & unique 9 its  
glori\s ea/ w9d[ #gh feet high & #cc    
feet wide1 /ill ! l>ge/ pa9t$ w9d[ 9 !  
_w1 enri*$ ) its d\ble mullions1 :i*    
give su* /r5g? & lightness to its       
graceful proportions4 ,b ,rog]'s *oir1  

:i* 0 /ill /&+1 mu/ n[ h look$ sadly    
dw>f$ betwe5 ! l(ty ,ladye ,*apel & !   
t[] & transepts4  ,alex&] ,nevill1 8    
imm$iate successor1 probably did n d mu*
 to rem$y ?is1 = he soon became involv$ 
9 ,ri*>d ,,ii4's ra% proce$+s1 & _h to  
fly to ,l\va91 :]e he di$ 9 pov]ty4     
,nei!r did ,arundel or ,waldby1 8       
successors1 = ! =m] 0 soon translat$ to 
,cant]bury1 ! latt] soon di$4 ,b ,ri*>d 
,scrope1 :o 0 appo9t$ 9 8 place1 w\ld   
naturally be e>ne/ & vigor\s 9 ! good   
"w1 = he 0 a ,york%ireman by bir?1 son (
 ,"l ,scrope ( ,ma%am1 k9sman ( ,"l     
,scrope ( ,bolton1 &1 dur+ ! %ort n9e   
ye>s :i* elaps$ betwe5 8 in/allation & 8
 wanton1 cruel murd] by ,h5ry ,,iv41 !  
build+ seems to h made rapid progress4  
,?is 0 en]getically cont9u$ by ,h5ry    
,b[et1 :o foll[$ him1 & :o1 invok+ ! aid
 ( ,pope ,gregory ,,xii4 to en=ce 8     
appeal = funds1 & enli/+ ! aid (        
,skirlaw1 ,bi%op ( ,durham1 "o ( !      
greate/ ar*itects ( m$iaeval times1     
glaz$ ! great ,ea/ w9d[ ) its elaborate 

glass execut$ by ,john ,?ornton (       
,cov5try1 #adji1 rais$ ! lant]n on !    
c5tral t[]1 complet$ ! gro9+ ( ! *oir   
aisles1 rebuilt ,ar*bi%op ,z\*e's *apel1
 ! treasury & ve/ry1 & comm5c$ ! libr>y4
 ,he 0 inde$ a man ( action to ! end1 = 
:5 incapacitat$ = walk+ or rid+ by age &
 infirmity1 he 0 c>ri$ 9 8 *air1 array$ 
9 a brea/plate ) ?ree buckles1 five     
p5dants1 & t5 b>s ( silv] gilt1 at !    
head ( ! =ces rais$ by ! w>d5s ( ! ,nor?
 ( ,engl&1 & ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( 8       
pres5ce1 enc\rag$ ! soldi]s to r\t !    
,scot* :o _h invad$ ,nor?umb]l& &       
besieg$ ,b]wick1 #adag4  ,illu/ration3  
,! ,lady ,*apel  ,little n[ rema9$ to be
 done4 ,rob]t ,wolv$on & ,john de       
,b]myngham1 two munific5t treasur]s 9   
succession1 help$ to br+ matt]s to a    
prosp]\s conclusion1 ! =m] fill+ "s ( ! 
w9d[s ) pa9t$ glass1 ! latt] rais+ !    
s\?-we/]n t[]4 ,! nor?-we/]n t[] 0 add$ 
probably dur+ ! ar*iepiscopate1 if n by 
! munific5ce1 ( ,ar*bi%op ,george       
,nevill4 ,! organ scre51 ) its elaborate

 cornice & canopies enri*$ ) angels s++ 
& play+ in/rum5ts ( music1 & its /ately 
ni*es fill$ ) figures ( ! ,k+s ( ,engl&1
 f ,william ,i4 to ,h5ry ,,vi41 0 built 
by ,dean ,&rew1 himself ! fri5d &       
secret>y ( ! la/-nam$ mon>*4 ,& ! great 
*ur* 0 solemnly reconsecrat$ z a        
complet$ build+ on ,july #crd1 #adgb1 :5
 an ord9ance 0 pass$ by ! ,dean & ,*apt]
 t on ! same day ! fea/ ( ! ,d$ication  
%all be celebrat$ 9 "t to come4         
,illu/ration3 ,p]p5dicul> ,pisc9a  ,i h 
no space to dwell on all ! innum]able   
details ( ar*itectural ornam5t or qua9t 
m$iaeval devices :i* decorate ! walls1  
nei!r on ! _m int]e/+ monum5ts scatt]$  
?r\gh\t ! aisles1 su* z ! delicate      
pisc9as1 or ! ,fiddl]1 a mod]n          
reproduction ( an old figure :i* _h     
cr[n$ ! little spiral turret ( ! s\?    
transept1 int5d$ z a portrait ( ,dr4    
,camidge1 ! organi/1 at ! beg9n+ ( ?is  
c5tury2 or ! tomb ( good ,ar*bi%op      
,frew51 ! fir/ prelate ( ! ,prov9ce aft]
 ! ,re/oration4  ,illu/ration3 ,!       

,fiddl]  ,b ev5 a sket* ( ,york ,m9/]   
w\ld n be complete )\t "s m5tion ( !    
glass1 = if ! beauty 9 ! =m ( our flos  
florum is due to its ar*itecture1 v mu* 
( its beauty 9 col\r dep5ds on ! gl[+ & 
mell[$ t9ts ) :i* its w9d[s are fill$4  
,b x is a l>ge subject to ent] ^u1 = z  
reg>ds quantity !re are no less ?an "o  
hundr$ & ?ree w9d[s 9 ! ,m9/]1 mo/ ( !m 
entirely1 & ! rema9d] p>tly fill$ ) real
 old m$iaeval glass1 except+ ! trac]y4  
,"s ( ! w9d[s too are ( great size4 ,!  
ea/ w9d[1 :i* is entirely fill$ ) old   
glass1 consi/s ( n9e lights1 & measures 
#gh ft4 9 height1 #ca ft4 #b 94 9 wid?4 
,! two *oir transept w9d[s1 t 9 ! nor?  
transept to ,/4 ,william1 & ! s\? to ,/4
 ,cu?b]t1 measure #gc ft4 by #af ft4 ,!y
 h bo? be5 re/or$1 ! latt] v rec5tly1 b 
by f> ! great] "p ( !m is old glass4 ,on
 ea* side ( ! *oir ! aisles conta9 n9e  
w9d[s measur+ #ad ft4 #i 94 by #ab ft41 
only ! trac]y lights ( :i* are mod]n2 ! 
same numb] ( w9d[s fill ! cle>-/ory     
above1 ! great] portions ( :i* are      

anci5t4  ,! fam\s w9d[ ( ! nor?         
transept1 ! ,five ,si/]s1 consi/s ( five
 lights1 ea* measur+ #ec ft4 #f 94 by #e
 ft4 #a 941 & is entirely ( old glass4  
,!re are six w9d[s 9 ! nor? & six 9 !   
s\? aisles ( ! nave1 ) only a little    
mod]n glass 9 ! trac]y4 ,! sup]b        
flamboyant w9d[ at ! we/ end ( ! c5tre  
aisle measures #ef ft4 #c 94 by #be ft4 
#d 941 & consi/s1 ,i believe1 entirely (
 old glass1 except ! faces ( ! figures4 
,! cle>-/ory w9d[s are /udd$ ) anci5t   
%ields1 b a great "p ( ! glass is1 ,i   
fancy1 mod]n2 ^? ( ! ve/ibule1 #h 9     
numb]1 measur+ #cb ft4 by #ah1 are ( old
 glass1 includ+ ! trac]y lights4 ,& 9 ! 
,*apt] ,h\se ! sev5 w9d[s1 ( five lights
 ea*1 are fill$ ) old glass4 ,! ea/ w9d[
 has be5 clumsily re/or$ by ,willem5t4  
,9 ! side w9d[s ( ! transepts !re is "s 
old glass1 & ! great rose w9d[ ov] ! s\?
 entrance /ill reta9s mu* ( ! old glass2
 :ile f> ov]head 9 ! t[] !re are "s     
really f9e bold designs ( late1 b g5u9e1
 design & execution4 ,altoge!r1 accord+ 

to actual measurem5ts1 !re are #be1eca  
sup]ficial feet ( m$iaeval glass 9 !    
,m9/]1 i4e41 m ?an half an acre--a      
possession1 we %\ld ?9k1 unequall$ by   
any *ur* 9 ,engl&1 if n 9 ,*ri/5dom4  ,b
 ! difficulty 9 describ+ ! glass arises 
f ! fact t _m ( ! w9d[s are compos$ (   
fragm5ts ( glass ( diff]5t dates1 :i*1 =
 v>i\s reasons1 p]haps to pres]ve !m1 h 
be5 int]*ang$ dur+ pa/ g5]ations4 ,!    
educat$ eye ( ! glass pa9t] c detect    
spl5did specim5s ( e s*ool ( glass pa9t+
 ?r\gh\t ! ,m9/]1 b sometimes           
comp>atively small portions isolat$ 9 ! 
mid/ ( glass ( a totally diff]5t p]iod4 
,! ,five ,si/]s w9d[ is an almo/        
complete specim5 ( ,e>ly ,engli% glass1 
) an elaborate geometrical patt]n =m$ by
 ! conv5tional foliage ( ! planta       
b5$icta1 b at ! foot ( ! c5tral light   
!re is a panel consi/+ ( di/9ctly       
,norman glass1 portray+ ,jacob's dream1 
or ,daniel 9 ! lion's d51 = x is        
indi/9ct1 & critics diff]4 ,! sugge/ion 
is t ?is panel =m$ "p ( ! previ\s w9d[1 

9 ! old ,norman transept1 &1 = "s unkn[n
 reason1 be+ specially valuable1 0      
pres]v$ & incorporat$ 9 its successor4  
,! trac]y lights ( ! ve/ibule w9d[s are 
fill$ ) old ,norman glass1 & ! late     
,canon ,sutton 0 ( op9ion t ! /one      
trac]y _h be5 specially design$ to suit 
x4 ,! cle>-/ory trac]y 9 ! nave conta9s 
also mu* ,norman glass1 probably f ! old
 ,norman nave1 & 9 _m o!r w9d[s we c    
trace simil> ins]tions4  ,illu/ration3  
,transept1 ,lant]n1 & ,five ,si/]s'     
,w9d[  ,sometimes gr\ps ( figures may be
 notic$ evid5c+1 by _! utt] lack (      
connection ) _! environm5t1 t !y h be5  
transplant$ f "s o!r w9d[4 ,sometimes a 
s+le figure1 "u a ,decorat$ canopy1 /&s 
out 9 a w9d[ ( di/9ctly ,p]p5dicul>     
trac]y4 ,sometimes sev]al ( su* figures 
fill sep>ate lights :5 !y h evid5tly be5
 int5d$ to be toge!r4 ,sometimes kneel+ 
figures1 ea* ( :i* _h be5 int5d$ to     
repres5t ! donor ( "s w9d[1 h be5 br\ght
 toge!r 9 a r amus+ & inh>moni\s        
fell[%ip4 ,sometimes ! :ole ( "s l>ge   

figure has be5 remov$1 & only ! outl9e  
left1 :i* has be5 indiscrim9ately fill$ 
up ) a pat*work ( scraps ( all k9ds &   
subjects4 ,?is is specially noticeable 9
 ! w9d[ on ! nor? side ( ! *oir1 :]e !  
lett]s ,r4,s41 9 ! bordure1 indicate t x
 _h be5 put up to ! memory ( ,ar*bi%op  
,scrope2 "h !re are ?ree l>ge outl9es ( 
female figures1 ea* ) a *ild 9 h] arms1 
"o ( !m probably ! ,virg91 b all detail 
has be5 oblit]at$4 ,sometimes only a    
portion ( a figure rema9s1 e4g41 a      
beautiful & v5]able head & %\ld]s ( "s  
grave ecclesia/ic 9 ! mo/ delicate      
mezzot9t2 or a dignifi$ face ) spl5did  
cr[n & nimbus1 & cope & pectoral cross  
adorn+ :at rema9s ( a sa9tly figure2 or 
a cr[n$ head1 9 a maze ( pa9t$ fragm5ts1
 ar\nd :i* ! initials1 ,e41 9 ! bordure1
 evid5tly d5ote ,edw>d ! ,confessor4    
,aga91 !re are legs only1 ) ! wat] fl[+ 
ov] ! feet & ! end ( ! /aff :i* ! h&s _h
 grasp$1 evid5tly ! rema9s ( "s gr&     
figure ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 a v frequ5t &   
fav\rite figure 9 ! *ur* w9d[s ( ,york4 

,or1 aga91 drap$ figures ( ecclesia/ics1
 complete almo/ to ! hem ( _! robes1 b  
de/itute ( feet1 :i* may be discov]$ 9 !
 trac]y above1 :]e !y h be5 utilis$     
simply to supply "s fracture4 ,sometimes
 heads & bodies1 :i* h evid5tly no real 
association1 are f\nd unit$ toge!r4 ,!  
=m] occasionally ! "w ( "s mod]n pa9t]1 
:o _h attempt$ ) 8 own bru% to supply   
:at 0 lack+4 ,?is is manife/ly ! case 9 
! we/ w9d[s ( ! c5tral aisle ( ! nave1  
:]e ! faces ( ! ar*bi%ops are evid5tly  
mod]n ins]tions1 & 9 ! we/ w9d[ ( ! s\? 
aisle1 :]e a /ately figure ( our ,"l on 
! ,cross1 t5d$ by little angels1 has be5
 t]ribly m>r$ by a mo/ repulsive mod]n  
face1 :i* has be5 add$4 ,b sometimes !  
head & body are bo? m$iaeval1 b sadly   
incongru\s1 = male faces are to be f\nd 
on female %\ld]s1 & delicate cr[n$ heads
 ( virg9s or angels on ! /alw>t bodies (
 m54  ,& simil> confusion exi/s 9 _m o!r
 details3 bord]s ( diff]5t dates :i* h  
be5 piec$ toge!r1 or incongru\s mod]n   
bord]s :i* h be5 devis$ to make up !    

space on ea* side ( "s small] w9d[1 :i* 
has be5 br\ght f "s o!r *ur*4 ,"s ( !   
w9d[s1 inde$1 are almo/1 if n altoge!r1 
p]fect4 ,! ea/ w9d[ has be5 pat*$ )     
pieces ( crude col\r$ glass1 b only z   
repairs1 possibly aft] ! great fire 9   
#ahbi1 o!rwise x mu/ be v mu* z put up  
by ,john ,?ornton1 #adje2 & 9 its n9e   
lights divid$ into six ti]s1 x conta9s  
two hundr$ panels ( gr\ps ( figures1 !  
two upp] ti]s be+ subjects f ! creation 
( ! _w to ! dea? ( ,jacob1 ! rema9d] f !
 book ( ,revelation4 ,! trac]y lights ( 
! ea/ w9d[ ( ! nor? aisle seem to me    
altoge!r unt\*$4  ,illu/ration3 ,! ,nor?
 ,aisle  ,! *oir transept w9d[s h be5   
re/or$1 b conta9 a l>ge portion ( ! old 
glass 9 five lights4 ,t on ! nor? side1 
erect$ by "s memb] ( ! family ( de ,ros1
 has "o hundr$ panels ( gr\ps ( figures 
illu/rat+ ! life ( ,/4 ,william1 t on ! 
s\?1 erect$ by ,langley1 ,bi%op (       
,durham1 sev5ty-five simil> panels      
illu/rat+ ! life ( ,/4 ,cu?b]t4 ,! gr&  
s]ies ( w9d[s 9 ! ve/ibule also seems to

 me absolutely unt\*$ s9ce ! day :5 !y 7
 fir/ put up1 &1 ) _! figures ( k+s &   
que5s & bord]s ( ,plantag5et badges1    
conta9 v /rik+ specim5s ( ! be/ date (  
pa9t$ glass4  ,! w9d[s on ! nor? aisle (
 ! nave1 no d\bt erect$ soon aft] its   
completion1 are equally p]fect1 & 7     
probably pres5t$ by memb]s ( ! c\rt (   
,edw>d ,i4 ,! w9d[ next to ! transept   
giv5 by ,pet] le ,d5e1 ! c\rt           
ecclesia/ic & tutor ( ,edw>d ,,ii41 :5  
,pr9ce ( ,wales1 has six illu/rations ( 
! life & m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e1        
/ep-niece ( ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 & !re=e
 a v acceptable subject to ! p ( ,york4 
,x is adorn$1 moreov]1 ) ! %ields ( !   
imm$iate relations ( ,edw>d ,i41 :ile ! 
bord] ( ! c5tral light conta9s figures 9
 tab>ds emblazon$ ) ! arms ( "s ( !     
pr9cipal nobility ( ! day4 ,! next w9d[1
 pres5t$ by ,ri*>d ,tunnoc1 !           
bell-f\nd]1 has ?ree illu/rations ( !   
entrance ( ,/4 ,william to ,york1 & two 
( ! f\nd+ ( bells1 :ile peals ( gold &  
silv] bells are spread 9 pr(usion       

?r\gh\t x1 & ! wor?y bell-f\nd] himself 
kneels at ! foot ( ! c5tral light       
pres5t+ 8 w9d[ to ! ,ar*bi%op4  ,! next 
w9d[1 f its qua9t bord] ( birds &       
animals1 seems to be ! (f]+ ( ,brian    
,fitz,alan1 ,"l ( ,b$ale1 :o treat$ )   
good-hum\r$ bant] & ridicule ! dilemma  
caus$ at ! siege ( ,ca]lav]ock by bann]s
 emblazon$ ) simil> coats ( arms be+    
display$ by ,hugh ,poyntz & himself4 ,& 
! w9d[ beyond 0 evid5tly giv5 by "s     
memb] ( ! family ( ,cl>e4  ,on !        
opposite side ! glass is m mutilat$1 & x
 is difficult to trace ! subject 9 "s ( 
! w9d[s4 ,"o1 h[ev]1 conspicu\s ) !     
lions ( ,edw>d ,i4 & ! ca/le & dolph9 ( 
,blan*e ( ,ca/ile1 9 complim5t to h]    
great gr&-daught]1 8 second wife1 is    
believ$ to h be5 pres5t$ by ,ar*deacon  
de ,maulay1 :5 8 fri5d1 ,an?ony ,bek1 0 
consecrat$ ,bi%op ( ,durham "h 9 !      
pres5ce ( ! k+4 ,at ! foot ( ! w9d[ !   
figures ( 8 bro!rs1 gallant knights 9 ^?
 days1 be>+ _! %ields above _! heads1   
may be /ill trac$ on close exam9ation4  

,spl5did figures ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 ,/4    
,*ri/oph]1 & ano!r fill ! lights ( !    
next w9d[4 ,! glass 9 all ! w9d[s is    
good & probably coeval ) ! build+1 ?\gh 
mu* ( ! trac]y glass is mod]n & bad1 !  
"w ( ,william ,peckett1 a glass pa9t] ( 
"s local repute1 :o1 at ! close ( ! la/ 
c5tury1 und]took to re/ore ! glass ( !  
,m9/]4 ,x is difficult to accord !      
measure ( praise & blame to :i* he 0    
entitl$1 = c]ta9ly1 on ! "o h&1 we are  
indebt$ to him = pres]v+ _m fragm5ts :i*
 o!rwise w\ld h be5 lo/1 & yet1 on !    
o!r1 we _c b condemn ! /range m$ley (   
gr\ps & figures1 heads & bodies1 toge!r 
) l>ge diap]s ( bright & co>se designs  
to fill up vacant spaces1 :i* are       
evid5tly 8 "w1 &1 9 "s in/ances1 sadly  
inh>moni\s ) ! re/ ( ! w9d[4 ,! s+le    
figures 9 ! s\? w9d[ ( ! s\? transept   
are specim5s ( :at he c\ld d1 & if lack+
 9 arti/ic treatm5t ( =m & draw+1 are n 
altoge!r defective 9 col\r+4 ,b we h mu*
 to be ?ankful =1 = ! elaborate ,,ms4   
acc\nt ( ! ,m9/]1 writt5 by ,torre1 !   

antiqu>y1 9 ! reign ( ,james ,,ii41 %[s 
u t we h lo/ v little ( :at exi/$ 9 8   
day2 & x is m>vell\s to ?9k t s mu* %\ld
 h surviv$ n only ! mi/ak5 zeal (       
w\ld-be pres]v]s & re/or]s1 b ! flames (
 ! t]rible fires1 "o ( :i* consum$ !    
woodwork & ro( ( ! *oir 9 #ahbi1 & ! o!r
 burnt (f ! ro( ( ! nave 9 #ahdj4  ,we  
c\ld wi% t we knew some?+ m def9itely   
ab\t ! glass pa9t]s ( ! ,m9/]4 ,! fabric
 rolls tell u no?+ be=e ! f\rte5?       
c5tury1 & are r tantalis+ ?an satisfy+  
aft]w>ds4  ,z e>ly z #acch ,?omas de    
,bone/on cov5ants by ind5ture to glaze  
two w9d[s at 8 own prop] co/1 f9d all ! 
glass1 pay ! workm5 _! wages = ! f9i%+  
!re(1 & ,?omas de ,ludham1 ! cu/os ( !  
fabric1 became b\nd to pay him tw5ty-two
 m>ks /]l+ = ! same4 ,ano!r ind5ture ( !
 same date 0 made betwe5 ,?omas de      
,bone/on & ,rob]t3 = mak+ a w9d[ at !   
we/ gable ( ! ca!dral *ur*1 ! said      
,rob]t is to f9d all sorts ( glass & be 
paid #f;d4 p] foot = :ite & #ab;d4 p]   
foot = col\r$ glass4 ,9 ,ar*bi%op       

,melton's regi/] ( ! same ye>1 !        
,ar*bi%op pays to ,ma/] ,?omas ,sampson 
#ajj m>ks = glasswork ( ! w9d[ at ! we/ 
end ( ! *ur* lately con/ruct$--i4e41 !  
great we/ w9d[4 ,9 #acfa ,agnes de ,holm
 leaves #ajjs4 to ! fabric = a glass    
w9d[ conta9+ figures ( ,/4 ,james !     
,apo/le & ,/4 ,ca!r9e4 ,9 #acga ! "n (  
,william de ,auckl& appe>s z ,vitri>ius1
 & x w\ld seem t ! ,dean & ,*apt] always
 ma9ta9$ su* an (ficial1 ) a work+ /aff 
to execute :at glass might be requir$4  
,f "t to "t great /ores ( glass & lead  
seem to h be5 accumulat$1 & !re are     
con/ant entries ( exp5ses occurr+ 9     
wages & mat]ials1 e4g41 :ite glass = !  
great w9d[s ( ! new *oir1 col\r$ glass1 
old col\r$ glass1 glass ( small value4  
,9 #adjj ,john ,burgh seems to h be5 !  
glazi] at #bgs4 #e;d4 p] annum1 )       
,rob]t1 8 assi/ant1 at #bes4 ,9 #adai   
,john ,glasman1 ( ,ruglay1 supplies ?ree
 %eets ( :ite glass4 ,john ,*ambre is   
glazi] 9 #adba4 ,9 #addc1 ,?omas        
,s*irley ) 8 assi/ant ,william2 ,?omas  

,c>tmell 9 #addd2 ,mat!w ,pete ) two    
assi/ants1 ,?omas ,mylett & ,william    
,c>tmell1 9 #addg2 ,mat!w ,pete 9 #adef1
 :5 he seems to h employ$ sev]al        
assi/ants1 ,?omas ,cl]k1 ,?omas         
,%irwynd1 ,?omas ,cov]ham1 ,william     
,franklan1 ,rob]t ,hudson1 c41 ) mu*    
exp5diture = yal[ glass1 c42 ,john      
,pety1 #adgb2 ,rob]t ,pety1 #aeji1 ! la/
 memb] ( a family :i* _h long fill$ !   
(fice4 ,ri*>d ,taylor supplies two *e/s 
( ,r5ny%e glass 9 #aecj2 ,william       
,mat!wson1 ( ,hull1 tw5ty-two wisps (   
,borg&ie glass2 & 9 #aech1 "o cradle (  
,norm&ie glass4  ,! ind5ture ) ,john    
,?ornton = glaz+ ! great ea/ w9d[ is    
/ill extant2 he is to complete x 9 ?ree 
ye>s1 p\rtray ) 8 own h&s ! hi/ories1   
images1 & o!r ?+s to be pa9t$ on ! same4
 ,he is to provide glass & lead1 &      
workm51 & receive f\r %ill+s p] week1   
five p\nds at ! end ( ea* ye>1 &1 aft] !
 "w is complet$1 t5 p\nds = 8 rew>d4    
,little en\gh x seems to u2 b ! sy/em 0 
v diff]5t f t :i* prevails n[2 yet      

c]ta9ly ! result :i* x produc$ ju/ifi$ !
 sy/em1 :atev] x 01 =1 admitt+ t l5g? ( 
"t & atmosph]ic influ5ces may h ton$ &  
mell[$ ! col\r+1 !re are evid5ces (     
craftsman%ip 9 ! design+ & production ( 
^? days1 :i* ! be/ workm5 ( our own "t h
 be5 ev] ready to ackn[l$ge1 & be=e :i* 
!y h be5 will+ to pay g5]\s homage4     
,illu/ration3 ,,acceptus ,,frew5 qui    
int] vivos esse desijt ,m> #bh ,,ad     
#affd  ,truly1 at ! ,re=mation1 ! build+
 mu/ h be5 flos florum1 enri*$ ) ev]y?+ 
:i* ! ta/e ( man c\ld devise or 8 skill 
execute4 ,! massive walls1 fa%ion$      
accord+ to ! highe/ canons ( ,e>ly      
,engli%1 ,decorat$1 & ,p]p5dicul>       
ar*itectural ta/e1 ! great w9d[s gl[+ ) 
pa9t$ glass ( ea* successive /yle1 ! va/
 area subdivid$ by /ately scre5s ( c>v$ 
wood & /one into c\ntless *apels &      
*antries2 %r9es glitt]+ ) (f]+s (       
preci\s & jewell$ metals1 & adorn$ )    
col\r & gild+2 ! treasury /or$1 z !     
fabric rolls tell u1 ) gold & silv]     
plate 9 ri* pr(usion2 ve/m5ts ( ! mo/   

co/ly fabrics & approv$ fa%ions4        
,exub]ant 9 all t 0 ( ! e>? e>?y2 b1 ,i 
am afraid1 sadly lack+ 9 ^? inw>d &     
spiritual graces ( :i* ^! %\ld h be5 !  
outw>d & visible signs4 ,hi/ory may n be
 imp>tial1 p]haps n altoge!r accurate1 &
 mix$ motives may h animat$ ^? :o dealt 
vigor\sly1 n to say ru?lessly1 ) ^! ?+s4
 ,b too _m records rema9 to %[ u t      
cleans+ fires 7 ne$$1 & t1 h[ev] deprav$
 ! in/rum5ts1 h[ev] debas$ _! motives1 !
 "w :i* !y did 0 imp]ative1 if ,*ri/ian 
fai? & life1 & ! wor%ip ( ,god 9 _s & 9 
tru? 7 to fl\ri% & ab\nd 9 ?is our      
fa!rl&4  ,nor ne$ we indulge 9 unavail+ 
regrets4 ,x is impossible n to wi% t mu*
 :i* has be5 ru?lessly de/roy$ _h be5   
sp>$1 & t _m ?+s ( beauty c\ld be       
recov]$4 ,we c\ld wi% t ! unhall[$ f+]s 
:i* hesitat$ n ev5 to rifle ! v graves1 
_h be5 *eck$1 t ! fires ( #ahbi & #ahdj 
_h n swept ov] ! *oir & nave2 b en\gh   
survives to gladd5 eye & he>t ) ! noble/
 evid5ces ( m$iaeval "w & ta/e1 & tok5s 
on e side ab\nd to te/ify t1 9 ^! latt] 

days1 ,york%irem5 h be5 z ready to      
repair ! decay ( age1 re/ore ! ravages (
 fire1 & support ! glory & dignity (    
,god's h\se z ev] !y 7 9 days gone by4  
,we walk ab\t our ,zion & g r\nd ab\t h]
 & tell ! t[]s !re(1 & !y speak to u ( a
 liv+ fai?1 n ( an effete ecclesia/icism
 or ( m]e ar*aeological int]e/4 ,we     
rejoice t x is /ill emphatically a h\se 
( pray]1 n only :5 two or ?ree are ga!r$
 toge!r1 b :5 its aisles are ?rong$ ) a 
va/ multitude1 unit+ 9 "s special act ( 
pray] & praise1 or li/5+ to "s eloqu5t  
expon5t ( ! ,gospel ( peace2 & :5 ?r\gh 
! long drawn aisle & frett$ vault !     
peal+ an!m swells ! notes ( praise1 we  
lift up grateful he>ts 9 dev\t unison1 t
 we are p]mitt$ to wor%ip ,him 9 ?is ,8 
h\se on e>?1 & desir+ t we may be       
p]mitt$ to atta9 to ! build+ ( ,god1 !  
h\se n made ) h&s et]nal 9 ! heav5s4    
,illu/ration3 ,p]p5dicul> ,%ell-,ornam5t
 ,pisc9a   ,pr9t$ by ,,ballantyne1      
,,hanson  ,,co4 ,london  ,ed9burgh