,,antonio ,,/radiv>i4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,e4 ,,%ore ,,& ,,co41 #c1 ,,gre5 ,,t]race1 ,,roseb]y ,,av5ue1 ,,london1 ,e4,c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,horace ,,pe!rick4 ,,! ,,/rad ,,libr>y1 ,no4 ,,viii4 ,,antonio ,,/radiv>i1 ,,by ,,horace ,,pe!rick4 ,( ! ,music ,jury1 ,int]national ,inv5tions ,exhibition1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 #ahhe2 ,int]national ,exhibition1 ,ed9burgh1 #ahij2 ,exp]t 9 ,law ,c\rts1 #ahia2 ,vice-,presid5t ( ! ,cremona ,society4 ,,copyright4 ,london3 ,,! ,,/rad ,,(fice1 #c4 ,,gre5 ,,t]race1 ,,roseb]y ,,av5ue1 ,e4,c4 ,e4 ,,donaj[ski1 #bf1 ,,ca/le ,,/reet1 ,,b]n]s ,,/reet1 ,w4 ,d4 ,r4 ,,duncan1 #ahf1 ,,fleet ,,/reet1 ,e4,c4 #aijj ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,*apt] ,i4 ,date & ,place ( ,bir? ( ,antonio ,/radiv>i--,8 ,in/ructor 9 ! ,art ( ,viol9 ,mak+--,peculi>ity ( ,8 ,e>ly ,"w1 ,no?+ ,/rik+1 b ,sl[ly ,progressive--,:i* ( ! ,designs ( ,8 ,ma/] ,he 0 ,mo/ ,impress$ by1 & ,8 ,own ,modifications = ,improvem5t--,8 ,dep>ture f ! ,h\se ( ,8 ,ma/] ,free to ,c>ry ,out ,8 ,own ,incl9ations #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,details ( ,fur!r ,improvem5ts ^u ,8 ,new ,designs--,modification ( ! ,s\ndholes--,! ,amati ,v>ni% & ,/radiv>i's--,8 ,secrecy ( ,me?od 9 ,work+--,8 ,k ( ,:at 0 ,want$ & ,ef=ts at ,advance 9 ,tone ,quality #h ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! ,date ( ! ,true ,/radiv>ian ,individuality--,alt]ations 9 ,design--,proportions ,settl$ = ,good--,! ,exceptions--,! ,long ,/rad--,! ,inlaid ,/rads--,an ,ackn[l$g$ ,ma/] ( ,8 ,art--,black ,edg+--,! ,ar*+ & ,*annell+--,! ,brescians1 ! ,amatis & ,/radiv>i #ac ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,less] ,kn[n ,patt]ns ( ,/radiv>i--,! ,treatm5t ( ! ,scroll by ,him--,! ,individuality & ,matur+ ( ! ,/yle--,! ,purfl+ #ai ,,*apt] ,v4 ,/radiv>i's ,great ,success--,8 ,s-call$ ,gr& ,epo*--,8 ,patrons--,8 ,viol9s ,reput$ = ,tone :5 ,q ,new & ,s\ght ,aft]--,! ,help ,he ,receiv$--,8 ,assi/ants & ,pupils--,p>ts ( ! ,"w ,requir+ ,8 ,individual ,t\*--,! ,memb]s ( ,8 ,family :o may h ,assi/$ ,him--,/radiv>i's ,v>ni%--,8 ,imitators #bb ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,"s ,modifications 9 ,/radiv>i's ,works--,v>iation 9 ,f9i% ( ,details--,! ,int]ior ( ,8 ,viol9s--,! ,blocks & ,l9+s--,! ,b>--,?icknesses ( ! ,tables--,heads or ,scrolls ( ,8 ,diff]5t ,p]iods #db ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,/radiv>i's ,tone & ,sy/em--,^? ( ,8 ,pupils & ,assi/ants--,qualities ( ,tone ,produc$ 9 ,diff]5t ,localities #ef ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,! ,reput$ ,gold5 ,p]iod ( ,/radiv>i ,late 9 ,life--,8 ,lat] ,modifications ( ,design--,signs ( ,old ,age ,appe>+--,! ,help ,he ,receiv$ #gj ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,evid5ces 9 ,/radiv>i's ,"w ( ,old ,age--,8 ,dea? & ,burial--,"w ,left by ,him--,! ,advance 9 ,value ( ,8 ,"w ,s9ce ,8 ,decease #gi ,,li/ ,,( ,,plates4 ,,portrait ,,( ,,horace ,,pe!rick ,frontispiece4 ,,portrait ,,( ,,antonio ,,/radiv>i ,to face page #a ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,/radiv>i #d ,,/radiv>i',s ,,work%op #f ,,patt]ns ,,( ,,viol9s page #f ,,illu/rations ,,( ,,s\ndholes ,to face page #dh ,,illu/rations ,,( ,,scrolls1 ,,fig4 a4 #ej ,,fig4 b4 #eb ,,fig4 c4 #ed ,,fig4 d4 #ef ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,dom5ico1 ,,cremona #hj ,,preface4 ,x 0 9 ! mon? ( ,april1 #ahih1 :5 ,,! ,,/rad mon?ly magaz9e _h complet$ its eigh? ye> ( issue1 t ! ,editor ,sugge/$ t !n might be an appropriate "t = giv+ a biographical sket* ( ! great ,cremonese ma/] 9 s]ial =m1 express$ 9 a mann] int]e/+ & in/ructive z possible4 ,) ?is view ,i took up ! subject ) "s en?usiasm & propos$ to "w ^u l9es :i* ,i believ$ to be b\nd by tru?4 ,all ref]5ces to peculi>ities 9 connection ) ,/radiv>i's designs1 con/ruction & purposes %\ld be ! result ( my own p]sonal obs]vation dur+ _m ye>s ( exp]i5ce z connoisseur & exp]t4 ,9 =mulat+ my results ( /udy ( a great numb]--possibly ! majority--( ! in/rum5ts ( ! ma/] extant--,i h ab/a9$ z f> z possible f us+ te*nical t]ms n readily compreh5d$ by a read] com+ newly to ! subject1 & ,i tru/ all p]sons read+ ?r\gh ! matt] n[ collect$1 add$ to1 & pres5t$ 9 book =m1 w f9d _! "t n mis-sp5t at lea/ :5 !y arrive at ! conclusion4 ,,horace ,,pe!rick4 ,croydon4 ,,introduction4 ,x 0 dur+ ! second half ( ! sixte5? c5tury t ! viol91 ) its well recognis$ comb9$ excell5ces ( arti/ic =m & musical sonority1 0 />t$ on its way 9 ! _w to supply a want & prove its fitness z a lead+ in/rum5t at once & = future times4 ,s happily 0 ?is effect$1 s complete & mature 0 x 9 conception1 t ! advanc+ intellect ( ?ree c5turies has prov$ incompet5t to ins]t any fre% & p]man5t addition to its orig9al simple arrangem5t4 ,precisely z x came f ! h&s ( an arti/ic & inv5tive g5ius 9 ! city ( ,brescia s we h x n[1 un*ang$ 9 its ess5tial details ( con/ruction1 al?\gh hav+ its natural qualities made m evid5t aft] und]go+ ! mod]n adju/m5t ) reg>d to accessories ( detail1 or regulation z x is t]m$4 ,?is has be5 effect$ by simply enl>g+ "s p>ts = ! purpose ( all[+ m fre$om & conv5i5ce 9 ! execution ( m mod]n music1 its elaboration ( rhy?m1 besides ! ext5d$ range ( notes 9 ! high] positions ( ! regi/]1 necessitat+ ?is4 ,z might h be5 expect$ 9 connection ) ! !n /ill liv+ ,r5aissance p]iod1 on ! viol9 mak+ its appe>ance x 0 soon tak5 9 h& by m5 ( sup]lative tal5t1 :o /amp$ x ) _! own individuality 9 :i* 0 a m>vell\s p]ception ( arti/ic quality4 ,all t 0 to be done by means ( proportion1 =m & col\r1 n sett+ aside ! ess5tials ( ref9$ sonority1 7 comb9$1 ea* aid+ 9 ! gr& total & produc+ t kn[n & s mu* s\ght aft] at ! pres5t day--a beautiful ,italian viol94 ,= ab\t a c5tury or m _m ,italian liut>os 7 busily engag$ 9 s5d+ =? "u competition works :i* are n[ by ! cognosc5ti treat$ z unrivall$ excell5ce ( quality1 classical1 & ! outcome ( g5ius4 ,ea* work] be+ anxi\s to ma9ta9 ! /&>d ( excell5ce1 or take a /ep =w>d 9 ! practice ( _! art1 ! culm9at+ po9t seems to h be5 rea*$ :5 ! arti/ "u consid]ation 9 ! foll[+ pages 0 execut+ 8 ma/]pieces 9 ,cremona4 ,illu/ration3 ,,antonio ,,/radiv>i4 ,,antonio ,,/radiv>i4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,date ,,& ,,place ,,( ,,bir? ,,( ,,antonio ,,/radiv>i--,,8 ,,in/ructor ,,9 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,viol9 ,,mak+--,,peculi>ity ,,( ,,8 ,,e>ly ,,"w1 ,,no?+ ,,/rik+1 ,,b ,,sl[ly ,,progressive--,,:i* ,,( ,,! ,,designs ,,( ,,8 ,,ma/] ,,he ,,0 ,,mo/ ,,impress$ ,,by1 ,,& ,,8 ,,own ,,modifications ,,= ,,improvem5t--,,8 ,,dep>ture ,,f ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,8 ,,ma/]1 ,,free ,,to ,,c>ry ,,out ,,8 ,,own ,,incl9ations4 ,! ye> #afad1 al?\gh n p>ticul>ly noticeable at ! "t = its port5t\s ev5ts1 0 de/9$ to be "o ( consid]able int]e/ to ^? :o are en?usia/ic lov]s ( ! delightful quality ( s\nd emitt$ by a c]ta9 section--& t only--( a class ( /r+$ in/rum5ts :i* h made ! city ( ,cremona fam\s ?r\gh\t ! civilis$ _w4 ,= 9 t city & 9 t ye> 0 born a male *ild1 ^: surname 0 ev5tually to eclipse by its own refulg5ce ! r5[n ( ! city itself4 ,its pat]nal "n 0 ,/radiv>i1 p tr\ble !mselves v little ab\t ! prefix ,antonio1 common en\gh 9 ,italy1 & :i* 0 ! ,*ri/ian "n giv5 him by 8 p>5ts4 ,( ^! we c only say1 t z might be suppos$1 !y 7 ( a respectable portion ( ! middle class socially consid]$ & f :i* h sprung all ov] ! _w--) few exceptions--! greate/ lum9>ies ( ! :ole firmam5t ( intellect4 ,( 8 private life dur+ manhood we "k v little1 ( 8 boyhood no?+4 ,b we may fairly & truly draw our conclusions t z ! "t arriv$ :5 he 0 suppos$ fit = tra9+ to fight life's battle1 he _h already exhibit$ tal5t indicative ( fitness = t arti/ic bran* ( indu/ry 9 :i* he 0 h]eaft] to be ! _w-wide ackn[l$g$ head4 ,t 8 special abilities 7 ?or\ghly recognis$ by 8 p>5ts receives mu* emphasis f ! fact ( 8 be+ (f]$ to1 & receiv$ z pupil by1 ,nicolas ,amati1 greate/ ( t great family ( /r+$ in/rum5t mak]s4 ,"y ,antonio 0 ?us plac$ 9 ! mo/ fav\rable situation possible = ! fructify+ & developm5t ( 8 own p>ticul> tal5ts4 ,t portion ( 8 life :i* 0 sp5t ) ! great ma/] ( l9e 9 viol9 facture1 w1 probably1 9 its details always rema9 a blank to u3 b !re is a lightn+ l fla% ?r[n out by ! fact ( old ,nicolas ,amati bequea?+ 8 collection ( tools1 patt]ns1 etc41 to ,antonio ,/radiv>i1 &1 be x notic$1 n to 8 own son1 !n ov] ?irty ye>s ( age4 ,t ! future ma/] ( 8 craft _h be5 a /eady & belov$ pupil ( 8 great tea*]1 !re is no room = d\bt2 inde$1 /ead9ess1 fixity ( purpose & hone/ int5tion1 are manife/$ 9 8 "w dur+ ! :ole ( 8 c>e]4 ,! e>lie/ ( 8 h&iwork has become kn[n to u :ile he 0 ) ,nicolas ,amati4 ,9 ?is he exhibits extreme delicacy ( h&l+1 & seem+ly1 9 ! confid5ce ( 8 ma/]1 c]ta9 little modifications 9 ! design ( ! s\nd holes 7 p]mitt$1 or p]haps pass$ z improvem5ts1 b !re is no?+ ecc5tric or extravagant introduc$1 a g5tle addition1 or a trifle less "h & !re1 be+ ! way 9 :i* he ev] cauti\sly work$ out 8 idea ( improvem5t1 & ?is latt] seems to h be5 ! mov+ _s dur+ 8 :ole life4 ,at no "t d we meet ) sudd5 dep>tures1 or :at are sometimes t]m$ fla%es ( g5ius--! onw>d progress ( 8 /yle ( design & its execution 0 z unimpassion$ z 8 life 0 unev5tful4 ,:5 we exam9e ! e>lie/ kn[n "w ( 8 h&--x may be obs]v$ on "s ( ! late viol9s ( 8 ma/]--!re is pla9ly p]ceptible ! ef=ts at excell+ :]e at all possible2 & if1 z is extremely probable--8 ma/] 0 sometimes desir\s t ! purfl+ %\ld be some:at bold] ?an 0 to ! ta/e ( 8 ref9$ pupil1 ?is 0 ins]t$ ) a delicacy & precision beyond :at _h be5 be=e deem$ ! acme ( f9i%4 ,8 dep>ture f ! h\se ( ,nicolas ,amati _h to be tak5 "s day 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( ev5ts1 & he w\ld !n act alone 9 competition among ! gr[+ sw>ms ( mak]s :o 7 n[ busy z bees 9 mo/ p>ts ( ,italy4 ,! />t is g5]ally reckon$ to h occurr$ betwe5 ! ye>s #affd & #afff1 x may h be5 9 #affe1 :5 he _h rea*$ 8 tw5ty-fir/ ye>4 ,t old ,nicolas ,amati 0 "r 9 8 e/imate t "y ,antonio ,/radiv>i's natural abilities augur$ well = 8 success z a liut>o1 0 n[ to be prov54 ,) ! be/ possible recomm5dation--t ( be+ tra9$ by ! mo/ di/+ui%$ mak] ( ! city--he c>ri$ o!rs no less necess>y = ! long c\rse ( ?\ght & lab\r t he 0 ab\t to ent] ^u4 ,^! 71 an e>ne/ desire = improvem5t 9 all 8 und]tak+s1 natural1 indig5\s ability = ta/eful design & its me*anical execution & ! p[] ( /eady conc5tration ( ! faculties1 back$ up )al by a s\nd1 physical con/itution 9 :i* n]ves ( iron mu/ h be5 a conspicu\s elem5t4 ,to ^? :o at ! "t may h be5 look+ =w>d ) "s speculation z to :at "y ,/radiv>i w\ld put =? n[ t 8 c\rse 0 free & untrammell$ be=e him1 !re 0 probably "s disappo9tm5t at f9d+ no signs ( /rik+ orig9ality1 no spasmodic /ruggles ( g5ius to ass]t itself by ?r[+ aside ^? individualities1 g5]al & detail$1 :i* 7 s well m>k$ 9 ! "w ( 8 great tea*]1 & :i* z pupil he _h be5 /udi\sly & consci5ti\sly c>ry+ out4 ,on ! contr>y1 8 ef=ts seem to h be5 r to draw ! mantle ?r[n by 8 ma/] clos] ar\nd him ?an to disp5se ) any "p ( its protective p[]4 ,?us we see 9 8 works ( ?is p]iod :i* h rema9$ to u1 v little m ?an replicas ( ^? ( 8 ma/] 9 :i* he = "s ye>s p]haps _h tak5 no inconsid]able "p4 ,b 9 do+ ?is1 ! int5tion & p[] ( selection guid$ by s\nd judgm5t at once ass]t$ itself4 ,he did n take t patt]n kn[n to u mod]ns by ! "n ( gr&1 & :i* t]m 0 9 all likelihood q un?\ght ( by ei!r himself or 8 ma/]4 ,:o inv5t$ x is a "q t may be left complac5tly to ! bookworm ( ! future4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,antonio ,,/radiv>i4 ,!re is really no?+ 9 ! s-call$ gr& patt]n ( ,nicolas ,amati t seems to agree happily ) t title1 x is1 on ! o!r h&1 "o 9 :i* ! love ( da9ty elegance ( cont\r has be5 all[$ almo/ unre/rict$ play by its au?or1 & to an ext5t undreamt ( be=e4 ,he p]ceiv$1 h[ev]1 t !re 0 a limit1 a /ep fur!r1 & disa/] w\ld be c]ta92 ,nicolas 0 suffici5tly wide awake n to take x1 b left x = 8 ho/s ( imitators1 _m ( :om1 n gift$ ) ! same p]spicuity1 ru%$ 9 :]e angels fe> to tread1 _! j rew>d be+ laught] & d]ision4 ,! atta9m5t ( elegance at ! exp5se ( /r5g? & /ability 0 n at all 9 agreem5t ) ,/radiv>i's arti/ic ta/es1 & we accord+ly h no evid5ce ( 8 hav+ t\*$ ! s-call$ ,gr& ,amati2 t :i* he did take up ) 0 less complex 9 ! subdivision ( its curves1 & a m simple look+ ?+ altoge!r4 ,to him x may h seem$ to h m ( ! true *>act]i/ic quality always accompany+ ! gr& 9 art1 t ( simplicity4 ,x 0 ?is patt]n1 & ?is only1 s f> z our in=mation goes--t ,/radiv>i took z ! basis on :i* any future developm5ts %\ld be gr\nd$4 ,he work$ ^u x = "s "t seem+ly to 8 own cont5tm5t & probably ! satisfaction ( 8 patrons1 ^! be+ suffici5tly num]\s & influ5tial to enable him ere _m ye>s _h pass$ to ?9k ( pur*as+ a h\se4,a ,?is he accompli%$ 9 ! ye> #afhj1 :5 he 0 ?irty-six ye>s ( age4 ,n[ be x not$ ,/radiv>i _h be5 work+ on ! simple/ ( ,amati patt]ns = f\rte5 ye>s1 & dur+ t "t f 8 /eady indu/ry ! numb] ( viol9s1 besides o!r in/rum5ts ( ! family1 :i* left 8 ateli] mu/ h be5 v l>ge4 ,! simil>ity 9 type & regul>ity ( excell5ce 9 f9i%$ workman%ip 0 almo/ en\gh to h impress$ ! connoisseurs ( ! day t !re 0 no orig9ality or speculation 9 ! mak]1 b x 0 j ab\t ?is "t t ! indep5d5cy ( ?\ght began to manife/ itself2 x 0 almo/ z if ! acquisition ( ! freehold prop]ty _h /imulat$ ! self-reliance :i* _h no d\bt always be5 pres5t1 b :i* 0 n[ to %[ itself m cle>ly 9 8 art4 ,he _h be5 9 practise long & successfully en\gh to give a "r claim to ma/]%ip4 ,! vet]an ,nicolas ,amati1 :o 0 n[ ov] eighty ye>s ( age1 _h probably be5 do+ little or no?+ = "s "t1 & s 8 pupil1 ) all 8 admiration = ! retir+ *ief1 felt at full lib]ty to d really z he lik$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/radiv>i',s ,,work%op4 ,our illu/ration ( ,/radiv>i's ateli] is f a pa9t+ by ,r9aldi1 ! sket* = :i* 0 made on ! premises4 ,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,dom5ico1 ,cremona1 0 demoli%$ "s tw5ty ye>s s9ce & our illu/ration is f a photo tak5 j be=e ! ev5t4 ,! ,*apel ( ! ,ros>y1 be+ ! place :]e ,antonio ,/radiv>i 0 int]r$1 is ! "o bel[ & to ! "r ( ! t[] & light] 9 col\r ?an ! o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a4 ,gr& ,nicolas ,amati4 ,no4 #b4 ,nicolas ,amati patt]n ( ,/radiv>i4 ,no4 #c4 ,fir/ indep5d5t patt]n ( ,/radiv>i4 ,! /ep he took1 insignificant en\gh to ! casual obs]v] n[1 mu/ h be5 equally s !n1 b prov$ "o ( ! mo/ important ev] tak5 9 ?is bran* ( art1 consid]+ ! re/ra9ts necess>ily encompass+ any ef=ts at orig9al design4 ,?is is p]haps ! m evid5t :5 ! ma9 features ( ! ,amati designs & o!rs ( ! "t are analys$4 ,x w be se5 t ! upp] & l[] ?irds ( ! design h mu* 9 common ) ea* o!r1 & t ! middle or wai/ p>takes also ( ! same *>act]i/ics1 ! :ole be+ a s]ies ( full r\nd$ curves1 v>i$ z requir$1 to h>monise & fl[ ) ease & grace to ! squ>$ corn]s4 ,! slighte/ possible n>r[+ or decrease 9 ! size ( ! upp] ( ! wai/ curve & a correspond+ enl>gem5t ( ! l[] "p1 s]v$ 9 ! h&s ( ,/radiv>i to imp>t a diff]5t aspect to ! :ole patt]n4 ,! wai/1 n[ less p9*$ 9 at ! middle1 look$ long] )\t be+ really s4 ,! p>ts above ! upp] corn]s & ^? bel[ ! l[] ones 7 modifi$1 ! l>ge curves becom+ a little flatt] j be=e bl5d+ ) ! small] ones4 ,f ^! alt]ations1 ea* "o trifl+ 9 itself1 !re result$ :at may be call$ ! fir/ or e>lie/ ,/radiv>i patt]n2 9 x 7 ! g]ms ( all ! succe$+ ones t contribut$ m & m to ! fame ( _! design] z !y appe>$4 ,! natural caution or indisposition to ?r[ aside "o patt]n be=e a fair trial ( ! newe/ _h prov$ acceptable to 8 num]\s patrons1 0 possibly ! cause ( ,/radiv>i's runn+ ! old] designs alongside ! newe/ creations ( 8 fancy4 ,?us we f9d t mix$ ) ! innovations are :at he might h call$ 8 old ,amati patt]n1 probably (f ! same m\lds t he _h us$ :5 fir/ />t+ 9 bus9ess on 8 own acc\nt1 or ev5 be=e4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,details ,,( ,,fur!r ,,improvem5ts ,,^u ,,8 ,,new ,,designs--,,modification ,,( ,,! ,,s\nd ,,holes--,,! ,,amati ,,v>ni% ,,& ,,/radiv>i',s--,,8 ,,secrecy ,,( ,,me?od ,,9 ,,work+--,,8 ,,k ,,( ,,:at ,,0 ,,want$1 ,,& ,,ef=ts ,,at ,,advance ,,9 ,,tone ,,quality4 ,leav+ ! consid]ation 9 g5]al ( ! designs ( ,/radiv>i's e>ly days1 t is1 = su* a long life1 we may look ov] "s ( ! details4 ,x is well kn[n to connoisseurs t ! h&iwork ( ,nicolas ,amati 0 dur+ 8 be/ days ( ! utmo/ delicacy2 9 8 lat] "w we notice an approa* to heav9ess 9 "s respects4 ,! v beautiful subdivisions & subtleties ( ! curves 9 patt]n & modell+ began to disappe> & ! purfl+ became bold]4 ,"y ,/radiv>i1 :5 work+ on "s ( 8 ma/]'s viol9s1 seems to h be5 all[$ to d "s ( ?is1 probably ) ! mat]ial giv5 out by old ,nicolas4 ,! "w ( ! "y man may be kn[n by its great] decision1 su* z w\ld be reasonably expect$2 b aft] leav+ ! ,amati h\sehold ! natural b5t t[>ds exce$+ ref9em5t soon ass]t$ itself4 ,! purfl+1 p>ticul>ly aft] "s ye>s1 is n>r[]1 & ins]t$ ) a precision & ease 9 its c\rse impossible to excel1 ev5 if approa*able4 ,! mitr+ at ! corn]s ends 9 a b5t po9t 9 ! mann] introduc$ by ,hi]onymus ,amati & n1 z has be5 /at$1 by ,/radiv>i2 ! latt] c>ri$ out ! ideas ( ,nicolas 9 mak+ x v %>p & ?is mann]ism he cont9u$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( 8 c>e]4 ,/radiv>i f ! fir/ made 8 s\nd holes m p]p5dicul> ?an ^? ( 8 ma/]2 aft] leav+ him1 !y also became m sl5d] & ! upp] & l[] w+s wid] & clos] to ! oppos+ curve4 ,! precision & %>pness ( ! cutt+ ( ^! p>ts has become ! /&>d ( excell5ce to :i* hundr$s ( ,/radiv>i's imitators ( diff]5t c\ntries & times h /riv5 to atta94 ,x is1 p]haps1 9 ^! p>ts ( ! diff]5t in/rum5ts--= ,/radiv>i soon got to "w on all ! f\r sizes1 besides o!r k9ds n play$ ) ! b[--t 8 f9e n]v\s sy/em manife/s itself1 ! sur5ess ( 8 knife :5 pass+ along f "o po9t to ano!r leav+ an edge upright & clean z cut glass1 yet ) a free grace ( l9e nev] excell$ by any ma/] ( ! r5aissance p]iod4 ,( ! p>ts ! "y assi/ant ( ,nicolas ,amati 0 all[$ to put 8 individuality to1 conspicu\sly /&s ! scroll4 ,! "o typical ( ,nicolas's lat] days1 al?\gh free & elegant1 yet _h a some:at heavi] t\* ab\t x1 possibly ! ma/] 0 gradually los+ 8 muscul> p[]1 m necess>y to ex]t 9 ?is matt] ( detail ?an any o!r4 ,/radiv>i began 8 own type by br++ ! fir/ turn f ! axis or eye a little high] up ?an t ( 8 ma/]2 ! axis itself is a trifle l>g] & flatt]1 ! edges ( ! turns are squ>$ (f ) a ma*9e-l exactness t does n int]f]e ) ! ease & fl[ ( l9e4 ,! peg box is /rong & ample1 aft] a few ye>s x became massive1 m s occasionally ?an is to be met ) at any o!r "t1 ! grooves d[n ! back are n s deep1 ! t]m9ation or %ell likewise & a little wid]4 ,t ,nicolas ,amati w\ld by any possibility neglect to duly initiate 8 fav\rite pupil 9 ! my/]ies & secrecies :]eby 8 "w %\ld receive its f9al cr[n+ adornm5t1 its envelopm5t 9 ! ?9 film ( glory1 is n to be ?\ght (4 ,! lu/r\s solution t 0 s fitt+ an accompanim5t to ! da9ty designs ( ! ,amatis1 0 f ! fir/ h&l$ ) a ma/]ly dext]ity & p]fect k by ,/radiv>i4 ,mo/ ( ! e>ly "w is cov]$ ) ! orange or amb] col\r t 7 ! prevail+ t9ts on ! e>ly productions ( ! bro!rs ,amati z well z ,nicolas4 ,x is some:at curi\s t mo/ ( ! prom95t v>ni%]s among ! liut>os ( ,italy seem$ to pref] ?is 9 _! e>ly days3 or 0 x t ! deep] or m int5se col\rs requir$ long] exp]i5ce 9 managem5t8 ,anyh[1 s x 01 & ,/radiv>i seems to h be5 no exception to ! g5]al rule4 ,if a well pres]v$ e>ly ,/radiv>i is plac$ side by side ) "o ( ! bro!rs or ,nicolas ,amati's amb] col\r$ specim5s1 ! v>ni% envelop+ !m w be se5 to be precisely alike1 :e!r consid]$ 9 respect ( transp>5cy1 consi/5cy or ?ickness4 ,"h is art indication t = ! be/ "p ( a c5tury1 ^! clev] artific]s ( ,cremona _h ! same /uff1 us$ x 9 precisely ! same mann]1 to a hair's bread?1 = !y knew !re 0 no go+ beyond x2 e "p ( ! process 0 me?odically c>ri$ out 9 compliance ) c]ta9 laws kn[n to1 or in/itut$ by1 previ\s ma/]s4 ,!re is an old ,lat9 motto imply+ t ! p]fection ( art is to conceal art2--x x has (t5 be5 quot$ 9 illu/rative ref]5ce1 sometimes ) sly hum\r1 at o!rs 9 mo/ s]i\s ve91 = in/ance1 :5 an em95t judge's judicial wig 0 kn[n to h b5ea? x ano!r ( equally natural pret5tions1 & :5 quot$ z ! motto = ! ye> 9 a ,royal ,academy catalogue1 to be int]pret$ by ! noble army ( reject$ outsid]s z mean+ extra ef=ts t ye> by ! ,c\ncil at concealm5t or suppression ( art t 0 sup]ior to _! own4 ,b if !re ev] 0 an in/ance 9 :i* ?is motto c\ld ) /ricte/ appropriat5ess be appli$1 x 0 ! "w ( ,/radiv>i4 ,mo/ if n all ( ! kn[n ma/]s h at times %[n by "s little accid5t or o!r1 _! me?od ( work+1 ?us1 not)/&+ ! extremely c>eful & f9i%$ "w ( ! ,amati family1 !re is occasionally to be se5 "s unoblit]at$ signs--truly v slight--( _! hav+ trac$ _! patt]n on ! wood = ei!r ! s\nd holes or ! turns ( ! scroll4 ,/radiv>i left no evid5ce ( ?is1 nor are any di/9ct traces left inside or out t w\ld betray ! mann]1 k9d ( tool1 or direction ( work+4 ,fur!r1 9 mo/ beautiful specim5s by ! bro!rs ,amati1 besides o!r great v>ni%]s1 "s fa9t indications h be5 se5 ( imp]fectly dissolv$ res91 b n s ) ,/radiv>i1 :o c>ri$ out to ! lett] 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( 8 art1 t /eadfa/ness ( purpose 9 /riv+ to d 9 ! be/ way1 t :i* 8 judgm5t _h pron\nc$ to be ! be/ ?+ to accompli%4 ,he fur!r c>ri$ ?is out aft]w>ds 9 ! application ( ! deep] col\r$1 & usually s(t]1 v>ni%es1 :i* :5 manipulat$ by o!r ma/]s ( ! same s*ool1 h frizzl$ or cockl$ f "s cause4 ,?is is seldom if at all to be obs]v$ 9 any ( ,/radiv>i's "w1 he seems to h tak5 e possible precaution = prev5t+ *ange 9 aspect aft] ! in/rum5t _h receiv$ 8 f9al t\*es4 ,we may n[ retrace our /eps = a:ile & take up ano!r ?read ( ! fabric ( ,/radiv>i's individuality1 t :i* is 9 fact by deal]s ignor$ & by play]s ador$4 ,!re c be no "q t dur+ 8 m9ority "u ! great ,amati1 "y ,antonio mu/ h be5 mu* int]e/$ 9 8 ma/]'s fame = imp>t+ a f9e quality ( tone to 8 in/rum5ts4 ,x mu/ soon h be5 app>5t to him t success 9 8 c>e] w\ld n be a*iev$ by progress 9 ! arti/ic "p ( 8 "w alone4 ,! critics ( ! day1 :o mu/ h be5 suffici5tly num]\s & exact+ 9 accordance ) ! advanc$ /ate ( ! art1 w\ld naturally be alive to any subtleties ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! productions ( ! reign+ k+ ( liut>os & 8 successor4 ,! onw>d progress ( musical composition & increase 9 ! numb]s ( public p]=m]s1 virtuosi1 & o!rs1 dem&$ f an artific] tak+ ?is position1 at lea/ equal skill 9 produc+ ^? ess5tial qualities = :i* ! city ( ,cremona _h become fam\s4 ,old ma/] & "y man probably _h _m a talk ov] :at 0 be/ to be done to keep pace ) ! increas+ requirem5ts ( ! mom5t1 & ! "t approa*+ :5 ! h& ( ! =m] 9 ! c\rse ( nature w\ld lose its cunn+4 ,! h\r came1 ! man 0 ready4 ,/radiv>i />t$ =? f 8 ma/]'s h\se ) full confid5ce 9 hav+ a true & good grasp ( ! wants ( ! mom5t & ^? loom+ 9 ! future4 ,9 ! good patronage :i* soon came to him1 0 conta9$ ! assurance t 8 e/imate1 al?\gh =m$ s e>ly1 0 p]fectly correct2 !nce=w>d he saw no reason = alt]ation 9 ! type ( ac\/ical quality t di/+ui%es all ( 8 in/rum5ts1 & t :i* he _h once = all fix$ ^u4 ,briefly ! ac\/ical quality ( 8 in/rum5ts may be describ$ z a fur!r developm5t ( ! tone br\ght to su* a high degree ( excell5ce by ! great ,amati2 an increase 9 ! volume & en]gy1 ) m equality ( scale1 :ile reta9+ all ! o!r qualities t _h caus$ play]s & li/5]s alike to be delight$1 & :i* _h giv5 su* r5[n to ! great family ( liut>os 9 ,cremona4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,date ,,( ,,! ,,true ,,/radiv>ian ,,individuality--,,alt]ations ,,9 ,,design--,,proportions ,,settl$ ,,= ,,good--,,! ,,exceptions--,,! ,,long ,,/rad--,,! ,,inlaid ,,/rads--,,an ,,ackn[l$g$ ,,ma/] ,,( ,,8 ,,art--,,black ,,edg+--,,! ,,ar*+ ,,& ,,*annell+--,,! ,,brescians1 ,,! ,,amatis ,,& ,,/radiv>i4 ,we n[ resume our consid]ation ( ! progressive developm5t ( ! ,/radiv>ian design z exhibit$ 9 ! in/rum5ts ( #afhj to #afij or a little lat]4 ,at ! e>lie/ ( ^! dates ! complete indep5d5cy or self consci\sness ( p[]1 z a ma/] liut>o1 is already p]ceptible4 ,!re is no possibility ( ^! viol9s hav+ be5 made on ! m\lds us$ dur+ 8 ba*elor%ip4 ,p sometimes speak ( ^! in/rum5ts z be+ ,amatise1 :i* is great nons5se2 _h ,/radiv>i di$ some:]e betwe5 #afhj & #afij1 !y w\ld h be5 raptur\s 9 _! admiration ( 8 orig9ality & widely sep>at$ ideas f ^? ( ! ,amati1 b z he liv$ _m ye>s on & gave =? _m m manife/ations ( 8 own individuality1 ! lik5ess ( ^! #afhj & #afij to old ,nicolas is eag]ly se>*$ = & (t5 suppos$ to be evid5t4 ,x 0 at ?is "t t ,/radiv>i probably made m new m\lds or blocks on :i* to con/ruct1 ?an at any o!r4 ,) "s few exceptions ^? t 7 n[ be+ made c\ld be us$ = any ( 8 viol9s dur+ ! rema9d] ( 8 c>e]4 ,! av]age proportions rema9 ! same1 ! diff]5ces are m9ute 9 measurem5t1 not)/&+ _! effectiv5ess 9 help+ to a diff]5t expression 9 ! designs4 ,! exceptions ref]r$ to & made betwe5 ! above dates are ( a div]se k9d4 ,!re is ! well-kn[n long ,/rad1 ( :i* "o au?or has said t x has receiv$ ! title1 n f increas$ l5g?1 b f ! appe>ance ( additional l5g? :i* its n>r[ness gives x1 & :i* is p>ticul>ly obs]vable betwe5 ! s\nd holes4 ,! actual measurem5ts ( ?is patt]n are1 l5g? #ad-c_/af in*es by greate/ wid? #h in*es b>e z contra/$ ) ! ord9>y #ad by #h-a_/h2 x w !re=e be evid5t at once t !re is a positive increase 9 l5g?1 & a decrease 9 wid?4 ,^! viol9s are n v r>e z comp>$ ) ! total "w ( ,/radiv>i extant4 ,ano!r v>iation1 b n[ v seldom se51 is a patt]n t may be said to be some:at opposite 9 its t5d5cies1 z x is a trifle %ort]1 b ( full av]age wid?1 ) a proportionately wid] wai/4 ,?is type ( viol9 mu/ h be5 suffici5tly pl5tiful at "o "t1 z "o ( ! fir/ ,gaglianos made a delib]ate copy ( x2 t is1 s f> z 8 ,neapolitan idiosyncrasy & pride w\ld p]mit4 ,besides ^! 7 ! inlaid ,/rads1 in/rum5ts ( ! greate/ beauty 9 all respects1 b hav+ in/ead ( ! ord9>y purfl+ a broad black fillet & diamond or loz5ge %ap$ ivory ins]tions alt]nat$ ) small] circul> ones2 !y are fur!r embelli%$ ) a floral inlay+ r\nd ! sides or ribs & also on ! sides & back ( ! scroll4 ,^! in/rum5ts--,/radiv>i is kn[n to h made a qu>tette ( !m = ! ,spani% c\rt--are ( ! greate/ r>ity4 ,!y are said to be all kn[n1 b ?is /atem5t seems op5 to "q :5 c\pl$ ) ! ass]tion t ,/radiv>i made o!r simil> b v small viol9s4 ,! kn[n ones are ( v full size1 ! p>ties ord]+ !m at ! "t possibly be+ alive to ! advantages ( quantity z well z quality4 ,public op9ion s9ce ! "t ^! 7 made has n gr[n 9 appreciation ( ! additional ornam5tation4 ,! viol9 pure & simple1 ) its s+le l9e ( purfl+ only z x left ! h&s ( ! fir/ ma/] ( ! art ( ,brescia1 is ! "o :i* has f\nd ! mo/ la/+ fav\r ) connoisseurs & ! public g5]ally4 ,decorative additions1 9 v>i\s & m or less ecc5tric or extravagant /yles1 h be5 introduc$ f "t to "t by ent]pris+ liut>os ( diff]5t c\ntries1 b ! disc]n+ portion ( ! public w h none1 & !reby pron\nce ! viol9 to be an unfit subject = extra clo?+2 beauty unadorn$1 adorn$ is mo/1 is a figure ( spee* q applicable to ! simplicity ( ! viol9 z a "w ( art4 ,/radiv>i1 :o _h n[ acquir$--at ! p]iod #afhj-ij--;a /&+ z an ackn[l$g$ ma/] ( 8 craft1 %[$ 9 8 h&iwork a decid$ lean+ 9 consonance ) ?is1 z--except+ ^! inlaid ,/rads--he c>efully refra9$ f introduc+ any ( ! little tricks1 or fanciful alt]ation ( details1 t s _m1 ev5 ( 8 own c\ntrym51 seem to h be5 l$ to affix to _! productions4 ,aft] all1 ! inlaid ,/rads 7 probably s made1 n at _! mak]'s sugge/ion1 b by desire ( ! patrons hold+ a high social position4 ,d\ble purfl$ viol9s seem nev] to h left 8 h&s1 z none appe> to be extant & no m5tion is made ( any4 ,!re is "o p>ticul> "p ( ! f9i%+ ( ! viol9 :i* calls = rem>k1 & 9 ! abs5ce ( evid5ce to ! contr>y mu/ be put to ! responsibility ( ,/radiv>i4 ,?is is kn[n z ! black edg+4 ,x _c come prop]ly "u ! t]m decoration1 z x has no v>iety 9 its managem5t & consi/s only ( ! black5+ ( ! squ>+ (f ( ! junction ( ! ribs2 likewise at ! edges ( ! turns ( ! scroll & cont9u$ d[n ! front & back ( ! peg-box to ! %ell4 ,its fir/ appe>ance is n possible to det]m9e & w probably rema9 unkn[n4 ,nicolas ,amati did n introduce x1 8 "w be+ ( ! k9d t _h no accommodation1 or suffici5t surface = x4 ,once begun1 h[ev]1 ,/radiv>i seems to h p]si/5tly held to x4 ,!re is no pro( positive t x 0 h5ce=? 8 inv>iable rule to put ?is k9d ( f9i%4 ,! p>ts conc]n$ are ! fir/ to receive & %[ signs ( we>2 !re=e an in/rum5t mu/ be v fre% inde$ to h mu* black edg+ left4 ,view$ f an arti/ic /&po9t x _c be consid]$ an improvem5t1 or any adornm5t1 =1 h[ev] neatly x is execut$1 ! "w ( h& b5ea? is m or less obscur$4 ,fur!r1 ! eye ( ! connoisseur is di/ract$ by x1 & ! neatness ( ! "w is n se5 to advantage until ! black has become ne>ly effac$4 ,o!r mak]s ( r5[n1 besides ,/radiv>i1 adopt$ ?is me?od ( putt+ ! f9al t\*es to _! "w1 ,giuseppe ,gu>n]i1 ,i4,h4,s41 ,c>lo ,b]gonzi1 & o!r lat] mak]s1 among !m ,/orioni4 ,conc]n+ ! rise ( ! ar*+1 or modell+ ( ! p]iods above ref]r$ to1 !re has be5 mu* errone\s supposition 9 connection !re)4 ,t all ! e>ly ,/rads 7 ( high build1 t ! progress 0 gradual t[>ds ! flat model1 t ,/radiv>i 0 feel+ 8 way & becom+ enlight5$ z to ! necessity ( r$uc+ ! ar*+ 9 ord] to obta9 a full] & m tell+ tone ) bett] r+2 fur!r1 t ! *annell+ or scoop+ ne> ! bord] 0 gradually r$uc$ = ! same reasons1 & t ^! ?+s did n reveal !mselves at once1 b g5tly dawn$ ^u 8 p]ceptions2 moreov]1 t he e>ne/ly commun$ ) nature1 made numb]less exp]im5ts conc]n+ h] ac\/ical & o!r my/]ies1 & t ! outcome 0 fa9tly loom+ 9 ! horizon & soon 0 to blossom =? z ! gold5 p]iod1 ) gr& patt]n1 all ( :i* is really no?+ m ?an gr& tomfool]y spread abroad a g5]ation s9ce by critics hav+ an eye only to su* ?+s t seem$ to !m agreeable ) ! conditions & surr\nd+s ( money gett+ commodities4 ,^! wor?ies 7 =getful ( ! fact t ! diff]5t v>ieties ( flat & high model1 *annell+ deep or none at all1 long wai/s & %ort wai/s1 s\nd holes long1 %ort1 ne> or wide ap>t1 _h be5 well1 if n exhau/ively treat$ by ! arti/s ( ! ,brescian s*ool4 ,to assume t ^? ref9$ artific]s1 ! ,amati family & _! disciples1 7 n conv]sant ) ev]y?+ = or aga9/ ! use ( a flat model w\ld be cr$it+ !m ) b little m5tal capacity1 p>ticul>ly 9 respect ( _! p]ceptive faculties4 ,bo? ,/radiv>i & 8 tea*] mu/ h be5 well acqua9t$ ) ! diff]5t high & l[ modell+ ( ,gasp>o da ,salo1 z well z t ( 8 pupil ,magg9i1 & o!rs4 ,he mu/ h be5 aw>e t 8 own mo/ g5]ally us$ model ( m$ium elevation1 ) slight exceptions bo? ways1 0 anticipat$ by ea* 9 turn4 ,?is1 by ! bye1 disposes ( any !ory t ,/radiv>i's di/9ctive quality ( tone result$1 z is (t5 /at$1 f 8 adopt+ a diff]5t elevation to :at _h be5 9 use be=e4 ,x may be fairly argu$ t if x _h be5 true1 z "s writ]s h /at$1 t ! flatt] ! model ! bett] & /rong] is ! tone1 !n ,/radiv>i w\ld h be5 less gift$ ) s\nd judgm5t ?an he has be5 hi!rto cr$it$ )2 "s ( 8 e>ly modell+s1 #afhj-ij1 be+ z flat1 if n m s1 ?an any kn[n dur+ 8 :ole c>e]4 ,= 8 selection ( ! p>ticul> degree ( rise ! reasons--= !re 7 sev]al--are n difficult to assign3--fir/ly1 x 0 9 consonance ) 8 ef=t at a*iev+ ! mo/ h>moni\s result--arti/ically 9 8 designs2 ! less det]m9$ rise 9 ! ar*+ be+ m agreeable ) ! disposition ( l9e 9 ! patt]n t he _h be5 settl+ d[n to--po/]ity has emphatically endors$ 8 views 9 ?is respect2 secondly1 hav+ notic$ t a m %all[ curve 9 ! ar*+ 0 q fav\rable = ! exhibition ( gracefulness1 :ile x 0 accompani$ by m /r5g? & p]man5cy1 ) less liability dur+ "t & usage to develop a /ony or bumpy appe>ance4 ,b :ile ?us look+ acutely =w>d to future ev5tualities 9 "o direction1 ,/radiv>i 0 no less c>eful to avoid r$uc+ 8 model too mu*4 ,kn[+ ! s\ndpo/ w\ld be c]ta9ly %ift$ occasionally1 he saw 9 ! v flat model a s\rce ( dang] lurk+ 9 ! difficulty ( see+ & gett+ at ! po/1 ev5 ) ! usual appliances at ! comm& ( ! pr(essional repair] or regulator1 :ile ! s\nd holes w\ld be mu* m liable to damage ?an :5 ! suffici5tly rais$ ar*+ p]mits a fair use ( ! po/ sett]4 ,he 0 also c>eful1 :ile keep+ ! dep? & wid? ( ! *annell+ )9 reasonable b\nds1 n to let ! ar*+ spr+ or comm5ce too ne> ! bord]1 z ! screw cramps ( ! repair]1 especially ! l>ge siz$ ones us$ 9 old5 times w\ld1 unless mo/ skilfully & cauti\sly appli$1 soon regi/] ! progress ( ! repair] on ! v>ni% to ! de/ruction ( ! beauty ( appe>ance z a :ole4 ,^!1 !n1 appe> to be ! cog5t reasons = ! adoption ( ! m$ium rise 9 ! modell+ by ,/radiv>i4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,less] ,,kn[n ,,patt]ns ,,( ,,/radiv>i--,,! ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,! ,,scroll ,,by ,,him1 ,,! ,,individuality ,,& ,,matur+ ,,( ,,! ,,/yle--,,! ,,purfl+4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( #afij-agjj ! modification ( p>ts ( ! patt]n & details 0 slight b nev]!less important4 ,occasionally ! upp] corn]s droop$ a little m1 & :5 !y are n[ se5 9 f9e pres]vation seem r long 9 comp>ison ) lat] ones1 b !y are n really s1 x be+ 9 ! expression no d\bt aris+ f ! great] robu/ness 9 ! treatm5t ( ! corn]s :i* n[ 7 becom+ 9 aspect m squ>e1 b ) ! usual peculi>ities reta9$4 ,!re 0 also ab\t ?is "t ano!r modification s5t =?1 a patt]n t has ! wai/ curve n>r[$ 9 a trifle at ab\t two-?irds ( ! way upw>d1 caus+ a slight suspicion ( a wi% to return to 8 old ,nicolo ,amati p]iod1 b x seems to h be5 only mom5t>y1 & beautiful z ^! viol9s are1 !y d n appe> to h be5 repeat$4 ,!y are 9 consequ5ce v r>e4 ,accompany+ ^! little v>iations !re 0 a slight *ange 9 ! treatm5t ( ! scroll2 x became less massive1 :ile all ! pr9cipal features ( detail 7 reta9$1 ! grooves at ! back 7 deep5$ a little z !y ran d[n to ! %ell1 :i* la/ 0 made a degree less %all[4 ,9 ! e>li] "p ( ?is p]iod ! g5]al cont\r has a little m fl[ 9 ! disposition ( l9e1 b lat] on ?is 0 *eck$1 z if n meet+ ) ! full approval ( ! ma/]1 ^: goal ( ambition 0 kept /eadily 9 view f ! fir/--t ( introduc+ a design t %\ld wor?ily rank z classical1 & 9 its details & execution be su*1 t no weak spot or po9t ( failure %\ld be disc]nable "u ! close/ scrut9y4 ,! s\nd holes n[ receiv$ fur!r att5tion &1 x might be almo/ said1 = ! la/ "t1 z !y 7 cont9u$ to ! end ( ,/radiv>i's c>e] ) no p>ticul> or int5tional modification4 ,9 l5g? !re 0 no alt]ation1 b ! design seems m cond5s$1 m compact1 yet slightly wid] 9 ! op5+4 ,?is is all accompli%$ )\t los+ ! smalle/ t\* ( grace1 & al?\gh firm 9 ! extreme x has ! opposite ( any t5d5cy to h>d geometrical =m4 ,/radiv>i seems to h _h "s feel+ ( cont5tm5t ) x1 = al?\gh little diff]5ces ( measurem5t 9 m9ute p>ticul>s occur aft]w>ds1 no modification 9 "* is attempt$4 ,he 0 mo/ exact 9 imp>t+ 8 own individuality 9 e in/ance4 ,x is 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( ! liut>o's art t ! imitators or =g]s ( ,/radiv>i's "w h f\nd su* an insurm\ntable block 9 ! way ( success4 ,! impossibility hi!rto ( imp>t+ ! requisite id5tical expression1 not)/&+ ! mo/ c>eful exam9ation & trac+1 con/antly adds =ce to an old say+ among deal]s t to make a p]fectly successful imitation ( ,/radiv>i he mu/ be a ,/radiv>i himself4 ,9 ?is view x is obvi\s t a mak] hav+ ! sure consci\sness ( possess+ ! p[] ( ! ma/] w\ld no long] make trac+s ( him1 b br+ out 8 own orig9als4 ,among ! scores & scores ( imitators1 "s ( !m hav+ a*iev$ consid]able r5[n z su*1 ! be/ ( !m h n succe$$ fur!r ?an giv+ _! own impress to _! trac+ ( ! ma/]'s "w4 ,?is is q ap>t f _! failure to reproduce ! ma/] t\* 9 o!r bran*es ( ! liut>o's art4 ,9 ! composition ( 8 purfl+ he _h be51 be=e ! p]iods "u consid]ation1 some:at unsettl$1 b he n[ seem$ to h come to a conclusion t ! middle or light col\r$ portion1 %\ld be a trifle wid] ?an ! d>k or out] portion4 ,?is 0 also = a p]man5cy ) b little v>iation4 ,! ?ree p>ts are probably ( ! same k9d ( wood1 ) ! out] portion d>k5$ by artificial means & n wood ) its natural col\r1 z 9 s _m e>ly works4 ,b !re 0 no *ange 9 ! mann] ( ins]tion4 ,!re 0 ! same firm1 upright h&l+ ( ! purfl+ tool1 :i*1 z 9 8 e>ly p]iod1 0 s5t along ) un]r+ precision & cut its way ?r\gh h>d & s(t wood cleanly & equally well4 ,9 ?is respect ( me*anical dext]ity1 ! great ma/] has _h few rivals2 he 0 app>5tly equally at home 9 subdu+ to 8 requirem5ts a log ( t\gh1 curl$ maple1 z 9 g5tly r$uc+ ! exquisitely ref9$ gr[? ( p9e t 0 to act z a s\ndbo>d 9 ?r[+ out ! lusci\s quality ( tone associat$ ) 8 "n4 ,x 0 n always s among ! mo/ em95t ( ,italian liut>ios4 ,_m ( !m h left unmi/akeable evid5ce ( impati5ce :5 try+ to ov]come ! resi/ance ( ! tortu\sly gra9$ maple 9 turn ) ! mu* s(t] & /raight ?read$ p9e4 ,!re 0 a peculi>ity connect$ ) ! purfl+ t mu/ n be ov]look$1 & t is1 its pass+ ?r\gh ! little pegs at ! upp] & l[] "p ( ! in/rum5t1 & :i* is mo/ c>efully att5d$ to by mod]n close imitators1 s t p %\ld be conv9c$1 if possible1 t _!'s is ! real ?+4 ,/radiv>i1 h[ev]1 may n h conceiv$ ! idea ( !re ev] be+ 9 ! future ! sw>ms ( 8 imitators1 :o1 = ! la/ c5tury1 h be5 b too evid5t 9 consequ5ce ( ! daily increas+ admiration or ev5 rev]5ce = 8 "w4 ,x is n surpris+1 !re=e1 t = "s reason kn[n only to himself1 he1 on r>e occasions1 did n run ! purfl+ ?r\gh ! peg1 or to be m /rictly correct1 ! peg 0 ins]t$ cle> ( ! purfl+ l9e4 ,t ?is peg peculi>ity is no po9t ( recognition may be inf]r$ f ! fact t ,/radiv>i's tea*]1 ,nicolas ,amati1 treat$ x 9 l mann]1 besides sev]al ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,/radiv>i',s ,,great ,,success--,,8 ,,s-,,call$ ,,gr& ,,epo*--,,8 ,,patrons--,,8 ,,viol9s ,,reput$ ,,= ,,tone ,,:5 ,,q ,,new ,,& ,,s\ght ,,aft]--,,! ,,help ,,he ,,receiv$--,,8 ,,assi/ants ,,& ,,pupils--,,p>ts ,,( ,,! ,,"w ,,requir+ ,,8 ,,individual ,,t\*--,,! ,,memb]s ,,( ,,8 ,,family ,,:o ,,may ,,h ,,assi/$ ,,him--,,/radiv>i',s ,,v>ni%--,,8 ,,imitators4 ,! p]iod #agjj-ae or !reab\ts1 f\nd ,/radiv>i n only an ackn[l$g$ ma/] ( 8 craft b among 8 contempor>ies recognis$ z ! head4 ,8 bus9ess _h be5 all along /eadily fl\ri%+1 8 patrons _h be5 ( high social position1 "s mo/ illu/ri\s1 o!rs actually royal4 ,among ! latt] ! ,k+ ( ,pol& /&s out 9 relief z hav+ specially s5t an envoy to ,cremona & t he _h to wait ?ree mon?s be=e he c\ld return ) 8 commission fulfill$4 ,:e!r he ran 9 dang] ( be+ decapitat$ = hang+ ab\t ,cremona s long is n kn[n1 b "o ?+ is c]ta91 t patrons royal1 illu/ri\s1 ( high social /&+ & ref9$ ta/es1 want$ ! newly made viol9s ( ,/radiv>i t c\ld nev] h be5 play$ ^u1 almo/ 9 ! absolute s5se ( ! t]m1 :ile !y c\ld h easily obta9$ well season$1 well tri$ in/rum5ts ( mak]s :o _h liv$ long be=e4 ,"h is a nut to crack = ^? :o p]si/5tly ass]t ! necessity & efficacy ( age & use to br+ tone to maturity4 ,if any fur!r evid5ce %\ld be ?\ght necess>y to support ! assumption ( ! equal excell5ce ( ! new ,/radiv>ius ) ^? t rema9 ) u at ! pres5t "t1 x is conta9$ 9 ! praise ( ^? :o he>d & us$ !m :5 q fre%1 decl>+ ! agreeabl5ess ( ! tone to be beyond rivalry4 ,/radiv>i may be said to h be5 n[ 9 ! enjoym5t ( ! pl5titude ( 8 p[]s4 ,success 0 att5dant ^u him )\t int]mission4 ,tradition says he 0 reput$ 9 ! locality z positively ri*1 b we d n he> ( 8 aspir+ to civic hon\rs z ald]man1 ve/ryman1 gu>dian or c\ncilman--common or o!rwise--z ! outcome ( ! possession ( full c(f]s4 ,/radiv>i simply w5t on mak+ fiddles4 ,9 a position to secure ! be/ mat]ials 9 ! respect ( quality1 arti/ically & ac\/ically consid]$1 he put ! be/ workman%ip ^u !m2 also he fur!r select$ ! be/ help :i*1 9 common ) all em95tly successful arti/s1 he mu/ h f\nd x necess>y to employ4 ,we n[ arrive at a po9t :5 ! "q may be fairly put1 h[ mu* help did he h1 & ( :at k9d 0 x8 ,z ,/radiv>i left no record beh9d z to ! numb] ( pupils tra9$ on 8 premises1 or assi/ants :o came p]haps z improv]s1 we are left to d our be/ 9 ! way ( inf]5ce4 ,9 ! fir/ place we may take up ! ackn[l$g$ fact ( 8 hav+ turn$ out an enorm\s numb] ( musical in/rum5ts dur+ 8 v l5g?y c>e]2 & x mu/ be rememb]$ t 8 en]gies 7 n c5tr$ alone 9 turn+ out magnific5t viol9s1 b t ! viola1 violoncello1 d\ble-bass1 besides "s ( ! !n n q obsolete viols ( diff]5t sizes & fanta/ic =ms1 receiv$ 8 att5tion4 ,^! _h to be produc$ at ! requirem5ts ( 8 patrons1 ( :om _m _h probably n yet completely em]g$ f ! mi/y musical atmosph]e ) :i* ! fanciful =ms ) florid decorations seem$ s intimately b\nd4 ,fur!r1 ! fitt+s = !m _h to be made presumably on ! premises ( ! mae/ro & n z at pres5t 9 =eign p>ts4 ,at ! "t !re 0 n exi/5t t ext5sive & special manufacture ( bridges1 tailpieces1 tail-p9s1 & pegs t =ms a l>ge & significant bran* ( comm]ce at ! pres5t day4 ,t ! viol9 bridge especially 0 a production ( ! ,/radiv>i e/abli%m5t & n made 9 ,g]many1 is suffici5tly indicat$ by its pres5t =m hav+ be5 introduc$ by ,/radiv>i4 ,on comp>+ x ) ! diff]5t patt]ns ( bridges t _h be5 issu$ by ! previ\s ma/]s ( ,cremona1 x w be se5 at once t ! ma/] m9d ( ,/radiv>i _h effect$ improvem5ts t h _! c\nt]p>t 9 ! designs ( 8 viol9 patt]ns4 ,we may notice ! successful ef=ts at /ability ) simplicity1 j en\gh ( detail t w\ld l5d itself 9 complet+ ! h>mony ( ! :ole design1 :ile disp5s+ ) e unnecess>y angle or curve4 ,( ! f+]bo>d & tailpiece we _c speak 9 ! same t]ms2 ! ma/] seems to h accept$ ! mann] ( treat+ ^! p>ts z h&$ d[n by prec$+ g5]ations f ,gasp>o da ,salo1 & ?\ght !re 0 no ne$ = alt]ation4 ,! design ( ! inlaid ornam5tation on bo? ^! accessories1 01 ( c\rse1 ( a k9d ) :i* ! h\se ( ,/radiv>i w\ld be id5tifi$ & ! execution also 9 accordance4 ,( ! tailp9 & pegs1 ) ! decoration ( bo?1 ! same may be said4 ,all ^! p>ticul>s po9t to consid]able "t sp5t 9 direct sup]vision aft] ! prelim9>y designs _h be5 made by ! pr9cipal4 ,?is w\ld r$uce ! available "t = direct manual lab\r at 8 disposal4 ,!re w\ld occasionally be "s "t sp5t 9 ! discrim9ation = pur*as+ ( p>ticul> *oice k9ds ( p9e & maple1 ^! requir+ ! close/ att5tion4 ,:e!r samples 7 br\ght = ,/radiv>i's inspection by ag5ts or _! pr9cipals1 or :e!r ! mae/ro took j\rneys to p>ticul> di/ricts :]e ! exact k9d ( wood suitable to 8 requirem5ts 0 to be _h1 we "k n1 b !re seems to be mu* probability t ! latt] 0 8 mode ( obta9+ t spl5did gr[? ( p9e1 bo? 9 appe>ance & tone-produc+ quality1 ) :i* he br\ght ab\t su* beautiful results4 ,?is1 :5 obta9$1 _h to be c>efully /or$ away until su* "t z x might be requir$ = imm$iate use4 ,! cutt+ d[n & saw+ up into l5g?s = diff]5t in/rum5ts w\ld n be su* z a mak] ) less patronage w\ld p]sonally engage 92 we c !re=e place ?is aside f ! "t consum+ duties4 ,!re is1 9 ! =ego+1 en\gh & mu* ov] = reasonable inf]5ce t ) a ma/]1 su* z ,/radiv>i1 hav+ ! ref9$ ta/e & adaptability = "w1 !re 0 a consid]able am\nt1 if n all1 ( ! m]ely me*anical "w done accord+ to 8 comm& or "u 8 eye4 ,?is w\ld naturally en\gh increase 9 proportion z ! bus9ess connection grew4 ,!re w\ld be 9 ?is no?+ diff]+ f :at has be5 habitual ) em95t pr(essors 9 all bran*es ( art2 z f> back z ,pha$ias1 ,praxitelles & ,appelles ( ! anci5t classic ,greek p]iod4 ,lat] on x is well kn[n t _m ( ! ma/]pieces ( ! ,r5aissance p]iod _h mu* "w ^u !m o!r ?an t imm$iately f ! ma/]'s own h&4 ,if ?is 7 n p]missible1 ! numb] ( ! gr&e/ creations ( arti/ic g5ius w\ld be mo/ s]i\sly limit$4 ,raphael & 8 contempor>ies1 ,rub5s & ,rembr&t1 besides _m o!r ma/]s1 are well kn[n to h _h num]\s pupils 9 _! /udios engag$ 9 c>ry+ out ideas previ\sly det]m9$ ^u & drawn out = _! guidance4 ,^! assi/ants 7 gradually drawn into ! way & habit ( ?9k+ ( _! ma/]s1 & on leav+ !m1 _! own individuality or natural t5d5cy unit+ ) :at !y _h absorb$ ( _! ma/]'s mann]1 ! bl5d+ ( ! two became a fre% production ( /yle4 ,if we take ?is z our guide 9 summ+ up ! probable am\nt ( help t 0 drawn ^u by ,/radiv>i dur+ 8 c>e]1 especially t "p at :i*1 9 our consid]ation ( him & 8 works1 we _h arriv$1 x _c possibly lead u f> f ! actual facts4 ,tak+ into acc\nt ! kn[n pupils or assi/ants :o receiv$ ! b5efits ( p]sonal in/ruction f ,antonio ,/radiv>i1 !y are m num]\s ?an we c affix to ! "n ( any o!r ma/]1 z x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ,/radiv>i _h initiat$ a fre% /yle1 ! influ5ce ( :i* 0 de/9$ to be ( a f> m rea*+ "* ?an any hi!rto com+ to ! front4 ,! ,/radiv>ian s*ool became ! =emo/1 mo/ num]\s & soon 0 to be ! mo/ imitat$1 ( all4 ,among ! e>lie/ ( 8 pupils 7! precise numb] or ev5 ! names ( all w nev] be kn[n71 may be plac$ ,alex&] ,gagliano ( ,naples1 work+ ) him ab\t ! p]iod ( #afhj & "s ye>s lat]1 "o or two o!rs ( ! ,gagliano family may h be5 workm5 9 ! ,/radiv>i ateli]4 ,lor5zo ,guadagn9i1 ,joannes ,batti/a1 8 son & ,josef ( ,pavia all claim to h l5t a help+ h& & receiv$ in/ruction1 & !re is no?+ 9 _! "w t is 9 contradiction4 ,! fir/ became a great ma/] ( ! ,milanese s*ool & 0 aft]w>ds rivall$ by 8 son1 :o 0 m cosmopolitan & n id5tifi$ ) "o place 9 p>ticul>4 ,i _c include ! names ( ,montagnana or ,gobetti1 :i* h be5 frequ5tly ref]r$ to by v>i\s au?ors z pupils ( ,/radiv>i2 a close exam9ation ( _! /yle & workman%ip leads to a diff]5t f\nta9 ( inspiration1 not)/&+ :i* !y bo? unque/ionably 7 at "o "t influ5c$ by ! "w ( ! great ,cremonese arti/ z x arriv$ 9 ,v5ice4 ,( ,c>lo ,b]gonzi1 a great ma/]1 x is a well e/abli%$ fact t he work$ ) ,/radiv>i & probably did mu* m = him z assi/ant ?an is g5]ally ackn[l$g$1 b t he 0 orig9ally a pupil is n 9 keep+ ) ! e>ly & v>y+ patt]ns :i* h gone "u 8 "n4 ,fur!r on x w be necess>y to ref] to ?is lum9>y ( ! art4 ,we mu/ n =get ! two sons ( ,/radiv>i1 ,franciscus & ,omobono1 :o receiv$ _! initiation at ! h&s ( _! fa!r & work$ ) him = _m ye>s1 c>ry+ on ! bus9ess aft] 8 decease4 ,rum\r has br\ght =? ano!r "n z pupil or workman ) ,/radiv>i1 & ^: id5tification ) "s f9e specim5s ( ! liut>o's art may yet prove an int]e/+ /udy4 ,a relative ( ! ma/]1 we %\ld expect to f9d 8 "w /rongly t+$ ) ! ,/radiv>ian *>act]i/ics4 ,8 tickets are said to h be5 all remov$ 9 v e>ly times aft] _! ins]tion & t "o only is kn[n to h be5 pres]v$ intact4 ,( ! great rival--9 public e/imation--( ,/radiv>i1 ,joseph ,gu>n]ius1 ,i4,h4,s41 x c only be said !re is n a s+le feature 9 8 h&iwork1 /yle or tone1 agree+ ) ! supposition t he at any "t 0 8 pupil or assi/ant1 moreov]1 hav+ by me di/9ct evid5ce ( 8 pupilage ( ano!r mak] ( a diff]5t s*ool1 w ( c\rse prev5t ! inclusion ( 8 "n4 ,! numb] ( pupils & assi/ants :o work$ ) or "u ! sup]vision ( ,/radiv>i 9 8 prime1 might1 if we knew all1 be m consid]able ?an we %\ld be prep>$ to expect4 ,! proportion 9 ! usual c\rse ( nature1 ( ^? able to s+le out a pa? = !mselves1 prove _! individuality sup]ior to _! fell[s or ev5tually become ( great em95ce1 mu/ ( necessity h be5 comp>atively small4 ,!re may h be5 _m work+ on & (f "u ! eye ( ! ma/] at diff]5t p]iods :o 7 )\t ambition or ! tal5t to rise above ! position ( humble help]s among _! m tal5t$ bre?r51 born to be assi/ants only1 &1 9 consequ5ce1 nev] he>d ( outside ! /udio4 ,^!1 & ! be=e m5tion$1 mu/ all h _h some?+ to d ) ! in/rum5ts _! ma/] 0 s5d+ =? into ! _w2 ! m clev] ones be+ intru/$ ) "s responsibility on p>ticul> "w4 ,x is n impossible to fix ^u ! p>ts ! assi/ants probably w\ld be all[$ to "w ^u4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 all ! design+1 draw+ out & trac+ d[n ( ! patt]n on to ! m\ld1 or on to ! unprep>$ blocks t 7 to be c>v$ into necks1 scrolls1 or m>k$ out = ribs1 w\ld be ,/radiv>i's4 ,! diff]5t /ages succe$+ ea* o!r w\ld be mo/ likely z foll[s--fir/ly1 ! ma/] hav+ be5 commission$ by a weal?y patron to make ( 8 be/ patt]n & highe/ f9i% a qu>tet ( in/rum5ts1 he w\ld take f 8 /ore ( *oice p9e & sycamore1 :i* he _h tak5 s mu* tr\ble & skill 9 collect+ toge!r1 su* pieces t appe>$ to him suitable = ! in/rum5ts to be con/ruct$4 ,! upp] & l[] tables _h previ\sly be5 hewn or sawn to size1 !n ! jo9t$ back & front1 if bo? 7 s1 plan$ c>efully & made ready = ! ma/]'s "w1 :i* w\ld fir/ come on to ! wood z a c>eful trac+ f 8 orig9al design4 ,sometimes ! trac+ d[n may h be5 done by "s advanc$ pupil or compet5t assi/ant4 ,we may fairly assume ! pres5ce "h ( "o or two1 if n m1 assi/ants1 besides a pupil or improv]4 ,"o w\ld be select$ = ! b[-saw+ ( ! patt]n1 ano!r aft]w>ds receiv+ x = r\ghly g\g+ out accord+ to measurem5ts at h& or m>k$ by ! ma/]4 ,ano!r _h mean:ile ! b5d+ ( ! ?9 slips = ! ribs to ! necess>y curves1 or work+ d[n ! corn] & end blocks t _h be5 affix$ to ! m\ld4 ,ano!r1 if n ! same1 might h be5 c>ry+ out ! fir/ /ages ( ! work+ ( ! scroll1 or p]haps a v compet5t & tru/y assi/ant w\ld be all[$1 "u ! eye ( ! ma/]1 to "w on m advanc$ =ms1 mak+ ready = ! f9al or necess>y t\*es ( ! ma/] h&4 ,! s\nd holes may h be5 trac$ d[n & ev5 ! upp] & l[] circul> holes bor$4 ,fur!r1 x is n impossible1 t aft] ! modell+ back & front _h be5 suffici5tly advanc$1 ! glue+ & screw+ d[n 0 intru/$ to an assi/ant1 & ev5 "s ( ! f9i%+ up ) glass pap] or o!r mat]ial 9 use at ! "t & place1 ( p>ts ( m9or importance4 ,^! are1 p]haps1 ! majority ( ! details 9 :i* ! individuality ( ! h&work ( ! ma/] 0 n obligatory 9 evid5ce4 ,9 summ+ up :at c\ld h be5 done by o!r h&s ?an ^? ( ! busy ma/]1 x w\ld be extremely difficult1 if n impossible1 unless we admit its pres5ce1 to acc\nt = ! extremely l>ge output ( ! great ,cremonese1 ev5 :5 tak+ fully into ! balance 8 v indu/ri\s habits & extraord9>y long work+ c>e]4 ,assum+ ! above view to be reasonable1 ! numb] ( new in/rum5ts :i* left ! ,/radiv>i h\se mu/ h be5 v l>ge4 ,x is well kn[n t ! ma/] und]took ! repairs ( musical in/rum5ts1 :i* dep>tm5t w\ld require "s p]sonal att5tion or sup]vision1 ev5 if actually execut$ by 8 assi/ants or 8 two sons1 ,francescus & ,omobono1 :o1 :5 _! fa!r di$1 7 n v "y1 ! fir/ be+ sixty-five ye>s ( age1 & ! o!r fifty-five4 ,!y _h mo/ likely work$ ) _! p>5t = ab\t =ty ye>s & mu/ h done mu* ( mak+ & repair+1 t is1 cr$it+ !m ) "s ( _! fa!r's indu/rial t5d5cies4 ,/radiv>i _h two o!r sons by 8 fir/ wife1 ,francesca ,f]rabos*i1 "o1 ,giulio1 di$ #agjg1 ag$ =ty2 ! o!r1 ,alles&ro1 9 #agcb1 ag$ fifty-five4 ,no?+ seems to be kn[n z to :e!r !y 7 br\ght up by _! fa!r 9 8 own craft or n2 if !y 71 !re 0 "t = !m also to h done mu* "w ) him4 ,!re 0 a son by 8 second wife1 ,antonia ,zambelli1 :o di$ #agbg1 ag$ tw5ty-f\r1 :o "u ! same circum/ances may h help$4 ,we h ?us five sons ( ,/radiv>i1 :o1 if !y 7 all taught ! art1 may h be5 work+ toge!r1 besides o!r assi/ants at ! same "t4 ,c>lo ,b]gonzi has already be5 m5tion$1 b al?\gh he came late into ! field1 yet !re seems a slight indication t he may h _h to supply ! place ( o!rs :o _h dep>t$ = ! c>ry+ out ( _! own s*emes4 ,hav+ s f> r\ghly e/imat$ ! k9d & am\nt ( "w1 n necess>ily 8 own1 on ! viol9s t 7 s5t =? by ,antonio ,/radiv>i1 we may glance at ! p>ticul>s ( detail t dem&$ 8 h&iwork & t solely4 ,t !re 7 ke5 connoisseurs liv+ at ! "t ( ,/radiv>i1 z also 9 ! previ\s c5tury & e>li]1 !re is no room = d\bt+4 ,work]s 9 art r$uce _! inspirations to tangible =ms help$ by col\r t p may see !m &1 comp>+ !m ) :at may h gone be=e & h be5 execut$ at ! same "t1 pass judgm5t on !m4 ,9 l mann] ,/radiv>i1 l o!r ma/]s be=e him1 knew t 8 h&iwork w\ld be scrut9is$ z well z ! tone ( 8 in/rum5ts4 ,x 0 !re=e obligatory t pur*as]s %\ld "k 8 "w1 t 9 fact 8 sign manual %\ld be always pres5t4 ,contemporane\s ) him 7 mak]s1 arti/s1 :o _h be5 initiat$ 9 ! my/]ies ( ! manufacture & application ( ! wond]ful v>ni%es :i* h s9ce by _! qualities made !m fam\s ?r\gh\t ! civilis$ _w4 ,!re 0 no?+1 h[ev]1 9 ! mat]ial or its application t c\ld1 "u ! close/ exam9ation1 be disc]n$ z diff]5t to :at might be se5 on ! be/ in/rum5ts ( ! ,amatis--^! mu/ h be5 num]\s at ! "t--! ,ruggi]is or ! ,v5etian ma/]s1 b ^! did n 9 ! application inv>iably "w up to a c]ta9 /&>d ( excell5ce1 :]eas ,/radiv>i always did4 ,!re 0 a consummate beauty ( result 9 ?is bran* ( ! liut>o's art kn[n at ! "t to _m1 beyond :i* x seem$ n possible to g4 ,x 01 !re=e1 m 9 ! con/ruction & workman%ip !n1 t ! sign manual 0 p]ceptible4 ,) ?is view ,/radiv>i seems to h be5 c>eful to let ! evid5ce ( no h& b 8 own be se5 9 p>ts t 7 sure to be closely scrut9is$ z evid5ce4 ,/&+ fir/ p]haps 9 importance w\ld be ! cutt+ ( ! s\nd holes1 ! design & c>eful draw+ ( ^! be+ complet$1 & cut 9 metal--x is said ?9 copp] 0 us$ by him--!y may h be5 mo/ly trac$ d[n by himself on ! p9e ( ! upp] table prep>$ & 9 read9ess to receive x1 al?\gh ?is "p )\t mu* dang] c\ld h be5 done by an intellig5t & exp]i5c$ assi/ant4 ,! cutt+ & f9i%+ ) ! ?9 ke5 edg$ knife1 h[ev]1 mu/ be 81 ! slighte/ %av+ ov] ! trac$ l9e or n q up to x w\ld be suffici5t to imp>t a totally diff]5t "* to ! :ole4 ,!re is no "p ( ! viol9 9 :i* ! sum total ( ! native *>act]i/ics & ability are %[n to su* exactitude z ! cutt+ ( ^! all important & expressive op5+s4 ,9 ^? ( ,/radiv>i is to be se5 ! same firmness ( purpose & /rict curb+ ( ! fancy f proce$+ too f>1 or all[+ /ability to be ov] balanc$ by love ( gracefulness1 z se5 9 ! designs ( 8 em95t ma/]4 ,to all[ no weak "p to be p]ceptible2 /r5g? ( l9e ) suffici5t grace1 admirable proportion & balance1 & yet )al suffici5t expression ( mobility & fre$om f heav9ess 7 ea*1 seem+ly 9 turn1 giv5 ! be/ att5tion by ! great g5ius ( ,cremona4 ,x is n us+ extravagant language :5 !y are t]m$ ! eyes ( ! viol91 = x is to ^! t exp]i5c$ connoisseurs turn _! att5tion at once :5 inspect+ a viol9 ( "* newly plac$ be=e !m4 ,cut by an ,italian1 cut by a ,fr5*man1 by a ,g]man1 by a nobody 9 p>ticul> or :o und]/ood no?+ ab\t x1 are ! ?\ghts aris+ 9 ! m9d4 ,ea* c\ntry has its peculi> & native r5d]+ ( e s\nd hole t 0 fir/ design$ 9 ,italy4 ,?is t5d5cy to imp>t _! own national *>act]i/ics by ea* native workman1 runs p>allel ) t 9 pictorial art 9 ! transf]r+ to v>i\s mat]ials ! impressions receiv$ aft] /udy ( ! orig9al or animat$ reality4 ,to _m ! s\nd holes ( an ,italian gem ( ! highe/ class are b s\nd holes t are m neatly done or pretti] ?an usual4 ,to o!rs !y w be ! expression 9 t simple =m ( an exquisitely acute p]ception ( :at w excite pleasurable emotions ) reg>d to delicately balanc$ proportions1 graceful fl[ ( l9e1 & fre$om f all appe>ance ( ef=t4 ,t !re is mu* 9 little conc]n+ ?is1 is prov$ by ! non-success ( all =eign copyi/s to give a reproduction ( ! ,italian native t\* to ^! details4 ,t ?is is n an ov]drawn description1 may be se5 on a close comp>ison betwe5 an orig9al ,/radiv>i ( almo/ any p]iod & ! mo/ closely trac$1 labori\sly /udi$ & ke5ly cut s\nd holes ( any ( ! mod]n imitators4 ,all h fail$ signally ov] ^! two app>5tly simple op5+s on ! surface ( ! upp] table4 ,not)/&+ ?is1 x may be said !re are sc>cely two viol9s alike 9 respect ( expression ( ^! adornm5ts ( ! /ructure1 ea* in/rum5t is made to convey its own impression1 or display its p>ticul> k9d ( beauty4 ,!re is a diff]5ce1 sc>cely to be measur$ ma!matically1 t 9 "o w be sugge/ive ( mascul9e /r5g?1 :ile 9 ano!r x w be exquisite fem99e grace4 ,9 none ( ! imitations ( ! ma/] are !re se5 ^! qualities express$ 9 ! same degree & k9d4 ,x has (t5 be5 said1 & !re is m ?an a sub/ratum ( tru? 9 ! rem>k1 t1 to copy a ,/radiv>i successfully--( c\rse1 9 ! fulle/ s5se ( ! ^w--! copyi/ mu/ be a ,/radiv>i himself4 ,!re might1 appropriately1 be an addition put to ?is1 namely1 t a man :o c\ld "w up to ! dizzy height ( 8 ambition 9 ?is way1 w\ld n copy1 b make orig9als4 ,ano!r detail ( ! workman%ip always att5d$ to by ! ma/] himself1 0 t ( ! purfl+4 ,mu* has be5 said ( ! wond]ful accuracy ( ,/radiv>i's purfl+ & t z a purfl] he /&s unrivall$4 ,?is mu/ n be tak5 9 ! wide/ s5se1 z !re h be51 & are liv+1 scores & scores ( mak]s :o h cut a rut r\nd ! bord] ( a fiddle z %>ply1 & ins]t$ ! ?ree conv5tional l9es ( d>k & light wood z deftly z x c\ld be by ! h& ( any man1 be he nam$ ,amati1 ,/radiv>i1 ,ruggi]i1 ,tononi1 or ,montagnana4 ,!re is a degree ( ev5ness & ke5ness ( cutt+ & clean ins]tion beyond :i* x is n possible to g4 ,b !re ! imitators come to a full /op4 ,)\t ! inv5tive p[] :i* w make ?is curi\s1 simple1 yet wond]ful little fillet1 aid 9 giv+ ! desir$ expression to ! :ole "w1 ! imitator is n--z p say n[adays--9 ! race4 ,! f9i%+ ( ! bord]1 ! corn]s & ! delicate & (t5 v elaborate sy/em ( curves ar\nd ! s\nd holes1 ! holl[+ ( ! w+s ( ^! latt]1 & ! f9al surfac+ ( bo? back & front1 ,i h no d\bt _h ,/radiv>i's individual att5tion4 ,all ! delicate & small "w ( ! scroll1 p]fect+ t elegant fl[ ( l9e & f9i% ( ea* turn ( ! volute1 z if ev]y?+ dep5d$ on ! exactness ( its individuality1 oblit]at+ all m>ks ( ! tool+ & giv+ 8 own impress to ! g\g+ ( ! %ell & ev5 ! completion ( ! peg-box2 !n la/ & n lea/1 ! prep>ation & application ( t pellucid envelope t 0 to s]ve two purposes1 utility & enri*m5t ( effect4 ,) reg>d to ?is1 mu* has be5 writt5 & said ab\t its incomp>able quality1 its ela/icity1 col\r & transp>5cy1 ) o!r excell5ces ne$less to dilate ^u4 ,summ>ily tak5 z a :ole1 ! simple fact is1 t 9 no respect is 8 v>ni% diff]5t1 or bett] ?an t ( 8 pr$ecessors1 ! ,amatis & ma/]s ( ! ,brescian s*ool2 x _h be5 done be=e & 8 mo/ fam\s contempor>ies 7 do+ x /ill1 & he 0 9 ?is position = ! simple reason t no bett] c\ld be done4 ,if x 0 n possible = ,/radiv>i to improve ^u ! v>ni% ( ! ,amatis :o _h prec$$ him & ! ma/]s 9 ! art belong+ to ! ,brescian s*ool1--among :om may be m5tion$ ,giovanni ,magg9i1 ,antonio ,m>iani1 & ! fir/ "o to use x on viol9s1 ,gasp>o da ,salo--x 0 /rictly 9 accordance ) 8 inv>iable rule ( putt+ =? 8 be/ t he s dext]\sly manipulat$ x1 probably bo? z to its composition & f9al application1 t fault9ess 9 "s respects to be se5 9 specim5s ( o!r ma/]s is n noticeable 9 84 ,?us1 z is well kn[n1 ! ,brescians1 p]haps )\t exception1 7 (t5 v c>eless reg>d+ ! ?ickness ( ! film1 x be+ occasionally ( irreproa*able ev5ness1 at o!r times hav+ almo/ ! appe>ance ( be+ laid on ) a l>ge bru% 9 great ha/e4 ,on "s connoisseurs ?is haphaz>d fulness ( treatm5t1 ?is (t times g5]\sly effusive mann]1 c>ri$ out ) a c>eless consci\sness ( p[]1 acts z a *>m1 incit+ to int5se admiration ! l ( :i* is r\s$ by ! ri*1 juicy bru% ( ,rembr&t & ! ma/]s ( ! ,v5etian s*ool ( pa9t]s4 ,b ?is is n ! p]fect realization ( aim ) reg>d to ! envelopm5t ( ma/]pieces by ! old ,italian liut>os2 9 ! in/ances ref]r$ to1 & suffici5tly num]\s1 we wond] at ! weal? ( mat]ial & smile at its manipulation4 ,antonio ,/radiv>i w\ld 9 no wise act ?us at any "t4 ,to him x 0 en\gh t he 0 possessor 9 full ( ! k ( mat]ials1 & to deviate f ! good pa?s pursu$ by ! arti/ic ,amatis1 0 n to be consid]$ = a mom5t2 we !re=e f9d t ) him ! be/ mat]ial 0 laid ) ! utmo/ skill & c>e4 ,x mu/ be inde$ r>e t frizzl+1 or contraction ( ! upp] surface ( ! v>ni%1 is to be se5 to any appreciable ext5t4 ,i d n recollect "o in/ance1 :ile ) ! ,ruggi]is1 mo/ ( ! ,v5etian s*ool1 & a numb] ( mak]s ( less] note1 x is q common4 ,conc]n+ ! col\r or v>iety ( t9ts adopt$ by ,/radiv>i at mo/ times1 x 0 mo/ likely done to ! requirem5ts ( 8 diff]5t patrons1 _m hav+ a desire = ! ri* orange1 "s1 ! light r$ or *]ry t9t1 :ile o!rs 7 n cont5t ) any ?an ! r$ or ri* full bodi$ port w9e t9t4 ,! simple br[n seems to h be5 less 9 dem&1 z x is dur+ ! p]iod "u consid]ation1 r exceptional4 ,:ile us+ ! lu/r\s cov]+s = 8 works ) consummate skill1 !re is "o qualification t mu/ n be lo/ sight (4 ,beautiful1 ref9$ & arti/ic 9 ! /ricte/ s5se ( ! t]m1 ,/radiv>i nev] gave way to a desire to outbid ! re/ ( ! frat]nity = congratulations 9 respect ( gorge\sness1 he seems nev] to h fall5 back ^u 8 res]ves 9 ! direction ( int5sity ( col\r4 ,?us if a f9ely pres]v$ specim5 ( 8 orange v>ni% is view$ side by side ) "o by ,joseph ,gu>n]ius1 ,i4,h4,s41 ! extra degree ( fi]9ess w be on ! side ( ! latt]1 b x by no means places ,/radiv>i on a l[] level1 z ! comb9$ qualities ( 8 "w1 tak5 z a sum total1 is n rea*$ by any liut>o ( old ,italy4 ,x may be fairly tak5 z c]ta9 t if !re 0 any ma/] hav+ at comm& all ! necess>ies = turn+ out musical in/rum5ts ( mat*less sup]iority1 bo? z to ac\/ical & arti/ic qualities1 x 0 ,/radiv>i1 & _m connoisseurs w\ld expect to f9d no?+ b maple us$ ( ! ri*e/ curl1 & t w\ld ?r[ up ) delightful effect ! lu/r\s v>ni% s c>efully laid ^u x2 b1 /rangely en\gh1 8 mo/ magnific5tly curl$ backs & sides are mix$ ) a few t are comp>atively pla94 ,a v>iety ( reasons might be assign$ = ?is1 b t :i* be>s ! greate/ probability ab\t x is--t ! in/rum5ts be+ *iefly made to ord]1 ! maple ( ri*e/ curl 0 n always to be _h1 at lea/ 9 "t = ! con/ruction z requir$4 ,9 o!r respects ^! pla9] mapl$ in/rum5ts are fully equal to any?+ t came f 8 h&s4 ,( ! prop] tone-giv+ p9e he seems nev] to h be5 %ort2 !re x is1 always ( beautiful gr[?1 hav+1 l 8 own h&iwork1 bo? delicacy & /r5g? & ( a g5]al appe>ance su* z w\ld attract ! eye ( ! v]ie/ tyro 9 ! liut>o's art4 ,h[ _m imitators ( ! great manipulator h look$ at ?is gr[? ( p9e & wond]$ :]e ! old ma/] obta9$ x6 & h[ he knew t x possess$ ! prop] qualifications = 8 purpose4 ,swiss p9e ( c\rse6 obta9$ f ! l[] p>ts ( ! =e/s ( ! ,alps1 is an imm$iate l\d response1 & cut only f ! s\? or sunnie/ side ( ! p>ticul> tree :5 f\nd ( c\rse4 ,?is idea 0 />t$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ?is c5tury 9 books on ! viol91 pr(ess+ to tell ! read] all ab\t x or ne>ly s1 & he _h only to g1 get ! /uff1 & make ,/radiv>i viol9s1 9 fact ) ! addition ( ! am\nt ( sci5tific k ( ! subject peculi> to mod]n imitators1 he w\ld make old ,/rad take a back seat4 ,?is has be5 (t5 tri$ by w\ld-be ,/rads1 ,gu>n]is1 or ,b]gonzis1 & full ( speci\s promises t if y w b pur*ase _! w>es y be rew>d$ = y\r pa9s by be+ possessor ( ev]y?+ good t !y c\ld end[ ! in/rum5t )4 ,keep x1 p]sev]e1 & ! preci\s qualities w come2 "s 7 d>+ en\gh to ass]t t !y 7 already !re1 if ev5 y\r m5tal vision 0 s obtuse z n to p]ceive x1 absurd prejudice 0 ! cause ( ?is !y said1 oblivi\s to ! fact t ! be/ musicians ( ,/radiv>i's "t us$ ! viol9s fre% f ! ateli] ( ! ma/] p]fectly new1 express+ _! unb\nd$ admiration = _! beautiful ac\/ic prop]ties or pleasurable s\nds4 ,is ! l said ( new viol9s at ! pres5t "t8 ,^! imitators1 "s ( !m might be ) p]fect tru? t]m$ =g]s1 are legion1 z 9 ! case ( ev]y?+ t is ( a high /&>d ( excell5ce & :i* makes acquisition desirable4 ,^! artific]s _h _! day1 s f> z =c+ _! imitations ^u ! cr$ul\s & unw>y c\ld be accompli%$1 & o!rs h replac$ !m1 yet !re al(t /ill sits ! gr& ma/] ^u 8 high em95ce1 unapproa*$1 ) ! :ole _w clam\r+ & /ruggl+ = ! possession ( :at 9 ! e>ne/ness ( 8 purpose 0 only 8 ev]yday "w4 ,be=e leav+ ! imitators & =g]s1 = !y are di/9ct "o f ! o!r1 ! fir/ simply tak5 be+ hone/1 ! o!r n1 x may be z well to ref] z briefly z possible to ! g5]al aspect z af=d$ by su* specim5s ( ,/radiv>i's art t rema9 ) u aft] fairly con/ant usage dur+ ! g5]ations t h pass$ s9ce 8 decease4 ,mo/ connoisseurs & deal]s are well acqua9t$ ) ! appe>ance ( a ,/rad ( f9e model1 "w & v>ni% t has done its duty 9 =m] times1 & is yet able & will+ to answ] all requirem5ts ( ! pres5t day & _m to come4 ,if ! in/rum5t has n be5 hidd5 & =gott5 9 ! cab9et ( "s deceas$ collector1 b has be5 h&$ d[n f "o play] to ano!r1 kept 9 heal?y ex]cise1 n m$dl$ )1 muddl$1 & madd5$ by ! num]\s w\ld-be improv]s1 bridge regulators1 s\nd po/ agitators & v>ni% vivifi]s1 !n--x w probably pres5t an appe>ance ( :at is call$ h&some we>1 or z a writ] has t]m$ x1 adorn$1 n injur$1 by a c5tury's fair we>4 ,/rik+ ! eye fir/ w be ! v>ni% t has be5 *ipp$ (f f ! back *iefly1 (t5 f a l>ge space ( a r\gh triangul> =m2 ! front be+ usually m smoo?ly d5ud$ ( its lu/r\s envelope4 ,?is *ipp+ away ( ! v>ni% f ! maple has be5 effect$ a long "t ago1 & is ! result ( a cu/om 9 old5 times ( hang+ ! in/rum5t aft] use on a peg atta*$ to ! wall1 or may be ! int]ior ( a cab9et4 ,fiddle-cases seem to h be5 us$ almo/ solely = travell+ purposes4 ,!y are n[ 9 g5]al use z ! be/ means ( pres]vation aga9/ damage & a good re/+ place at all times4 ,dur+ ! la/ c5tury !re 7 scores & scores ( mak]s 9 ,italy :o 7 ready1 will+ to1 & did turn out excell5t in/rum5ts ) f9e1 arti/ical & ac\/ical prop]ties1 b ! race has di$ out & _! rema9+ works are ( daily increas+ value1 & consequ5tly mu* "u lock & key1 out ( h>m's way z mu* z possible4 ,?is old habit ( hang+ up viol9s n want$ = ! mom5t 01 z a matt] ( c\rse1 effect$ ) a slight bang or two ea* "t1 & a correspond+ co/1 small or l>ge1 accord+ to ! bl[ to ! top lay] ( v>ni% mo/ highly *>g$ ) col\r4 ,ea* in/rum5t us$ 9 ?is way w decl>e to ! suffici5tly acute obs]v]1 its c\rse ( h&l+ & ev5 ! peculi>ities to "s ext5t ( ! own]2 = x w be se5 t ! *ipp+s give indication ( diff]5t degrees ( en]gy or hurry1 :5 ! viol9 has come 9 contact ) ! m or less h>d surface ( ! wall4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! times ref]r$ to 7 prior to ! introduction ( wall-pap]s2 ! good1 old-fa%ion$ panell+ ( oak or h>d wood1 (t5 ( bold design1 %att]$ or nick$ away mu* ( ! old1 delicate & preci\s v>ni% us$ = envelop+ ! works ( ! ,italian ma/]s4 ,all ^! con/antly recurr+ slight collisions by degrees br\ght ab\t ! results t h be5 def9$ by "s z picturesque we> or accid5tal adornm5t1 if su* a ?+ be reasonable4 ,besides ?is !re 0 go+ on ! we> caus$ by h&l+ by "o or ano!r ( play]s1 r\gh or mild1 contact ) ! g>m5ts1 especially ! sleeves1 all be+ l>g] & loos] ?an are fa%ionable at ! pres5t "t4 ,! action ( ^! w\ld be m g5tle if m cont9u\s4 ,x is noticeable at ! l[] end ( ! back ( ! viol91 :i* is (t5 worn away mu* bel[ ! p5etration ( ! v>ni%1 ! corn]s be+ r\nd$ d[n & if r protub]ant1 ev5 los+ _! orig9al "*4 ,! upp] table ( p9e be+ incapable ( equal resi/ance to ! de/roy+ influ5ce1 we>s away soon]1 also ! bord] at ! l[] end & at bo? sides ( ! tail-piece--= ! old p]=m]s plac$ _! *9s on ! contr>y side to :at is ?\ght be/ n[--& ! "r upp] %\ld] :]e ! palm ( ! h& & "p ( ! wri/ is apt to "w1 too (t51 aga9/ ! edge4 ,we ?us see :5 a h&some1 fairly worn specim5 ( ,/radiv>i's "w comes "u our notice1 ! diff]5t pieces ( tell-tale evid5ce1 v>y+ ( c\rse 9 degree ) ea* in/rum5t4 ,n[ all ?is mu/ h be5 go+ on dur+ ! "t ! ma/]'s works 7 be+ s5t out to p>ts ( ,italy & to o!r c\ntries4 ,x _h be5 progress+ & 0 %[+ ! onw>d m>* ( ,fa!r ,"t 9 ! in/rum5ts left by ! ,brescian mak]s a c5tury be=e4 ,z be=e obs]v$1 ! v>ni% ( ,/radiv>i has1 (t5 z n1 be5 worn1 *ipp$ or crack$ (f 91 z "s fanci]s /ill call x1 a picturesque mann] or adornm5t1 al?\gh f ! highe/ prices be+ giv5 = ^? specim5s t h ! lea/ ( x1 ! ta/e seems to be gr[+ heal?ily 9 fav\r ( p]fection ( pres]vation z f> z is possible4 ,x w\ld be out ( reason to suppose t full consid]ation ( ! subject 0 omitt$ by a g5ius ) su* f> rea*+ m5tal vision z ,/radiv>i4 ,t he gave all ! necess>y /udy & =e?\ght to ! effects ( ord9>y we> & su* z 0 occasionally go+ on )9 8 k1 !re is evid5ce en\gh4 ,he saw h[ ! delicate "w ( 8 ma/]1 ,nicolas ,amati1 0 rapidly disappe>+ "u sometimes r\gh & too (t5 ruffianly usage4 ,x 0 n 9 8 p[] to prev5t or int]f]e ) ?is by any peculi>ity ( con/ruction or quality ( ! v>ni% us$ by him4 ,b ?is he d\btless knew--t ! g5]ally sub/antial "w & total abs5ce ( any weak po9t ( detail 9 design & execution 0 all t an arti/ c\ld d4 ,?is /r5g? %[n ov] all ( ,/radiv>i's designs1 ev5 f ! comm5cem5t1 %[s t 9 8 grasp ( ! highe/ scale ( requirem5t he 0 also anticipatory & 9 ?is wise1 t he foll[$ up ! self evid5t pr9ciple 9 art1 t ! be/ comb9ation ( =ms1 proportions & masses w answ] be/ = _! p]man5ce4 ,! numismati/ kn[s full well h[1 on ! co9s us$ 9 v>i\s c\ntries1 ! ma/]s ( basso-relievo _h conc5trat$ _! skill on ! subject4 ,! balance ( projection & depression = good & prop] effect "u diff]5t situations ( light & %ade1 or ev5 indep5d5tly ( !m on occasion--is ( p>am\nt importance 9 all bran*es ( art 9 _! wide/ range4 ,! omission ( prop] ?\ghtful att5tion 9 ?is direction is "o ( ! ob/acles to success among copyi/s 9 any direction ( art4 ,9 ar*itecture ! imitator or re/or] ( "s e>ly ,engli% m\ld+s has (t5 made ignom9i\s failures f ! non-application ( k ( ?is k9d3 j a trifl+ v>iation f ! orig9al :ile 9 progress be+ deem$ ( little consequ5ce1 b :5 f9i%$ & left = exhibition "u ! tru? te/+ rays ( ! sun1 ! qualities t %\ld h be5 !re are1 z ! say+ is1 conspicu\s by _! abs5ce4 ,9 full view ( ! above & ) an intellig5ce unsurpassable1 ,antonio ,/radiv>i s arrang$ 8 =ms & masses 9 con/ruction t "u fair usage & we>+ d[n ( ! project+ p>ts1 ! orig9al beauty ( ! :ole %\ld be reta9$ z long z possible4 ,a f9e ,/radiv>i mu* worn /ill reta9s its air ( di/9ction1 & v mu* ( its mat]ial mu/ h disappe>$ "u bad treatm5t to make x beyond recognition almo/ at a glance4 ,!re c be v little "q ( !re be+ m ?an m]e admiration = ! appe>ance4 ,simply view$1 !re is ! spice ( romance 9 connection ) x1 ! hi/ory is writt5 9 language m or less intelligible ( ! knocks & bruises inflict$1 unwill+ly 9 mo/ in/ances1 b n inv>iably s4 ,& "h att5tion may p]haps be appropriately drawn 9 ^! pages to :at has be5 ass]t$ by a few1 v few1 deal]s & o!rs1 ^: g5]al intellig5ce %\ld h be5 a gu>antee aga9/ ! dissem9ation ( utt] nons5se & :i* has ev5 be5 9 pr9t6 t--j ?9k ( ?is--,antonio ,/radiv>i1 ! ackn[l$g$ ma/] liut>o ( ,cremona 9 8 own day1 & ( ^: gr[+ fame no "o c =etell ! limits--actually imitat$ we> & te> ( v>ni% on 8 viol9s4 ,i h n ! pr9t at h&1 & s _c give ! exact words 9 :i* ?is scum f ! boil+s ( a di/ort$ imag9ation 0 convey$2 nor po9t to ! fir/ un=tunate :o let x fl[ abroad4 ,9 all probability x came f ! same old s\rce1 a desire to lift up to a high level wor?less imitations ( ! ma/]1 confuse ! public m9d s z to make x m & m difficult to tell t'o!r f :i*4 ,a f9e specim51 & well kn[n1 ( ,/radiv>i's art 0 once ly+ on a table be=e me4 ,an amateur ( consid]able atta9m5ts & hone/y ( purpose !n pres5t 0 dilat+ ^u its _m beauties & f9e pres]vation2 he1 ,i soon f\nd1 _h by "s means become infect$ ) ! absurd notion ( ! v>ni% hav+ be5 arti/ically peck$ away by ! orig9al mak]6 ,j fancy ?is--,raphael slitt+ a hole 9 8 *ef-d'oeuvre to make x look old--,mi*ael ,angelo *ipp+ "s bits f ! ceil+ ( ! ,si/9e j be=e ! scaffold+ 0 remov$1 or ,phidias snapp+ (f a limb & br[n+ ! raw surface to please future connoisseurs4 ,!y might all h done ?is ) an equal defici5cy ( reason & consi/5cy if we all[ = "o mom5t any possibility ( ! g5ius ( su* a /amp z t ( ,antonio ,/radiv>i desc5d+ to su* depravity4 ,^? :o h l5t !mselves to ?is incongru\s notion1 ha/ily g5]alis+ f insuffici5t p>ticul>s1 h /rangely ov]look$ ! fact t ! same k9d ( *ipp+ is se5 on ! viol9s ( o!r ma/]s1 ,joseph ,gu>n]ius1 ,c>lo ,b]gonzi1 & o!rs ( ! ,cremonese & ,v5etian ,s*ool1 besides--go+ f> back--! old] ones ( ,brescia & ,pes>o1 any numb] 9 fact ov] all ,italy4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,"s ,,modifications ,,9 ,,/radiv>i',s ,,works--,,v>iation ,,9 ,,f9i% ,,( ,,details--,,! ,,int]ior ,,( ,,8 ,,viol9s--,,! ,,blocks ,,& ,,l9+s--,,?icknesses ,,( ,,! ,,tables--,,heads ,,or ,,scrolls ,,( ,,8 ,,diff]5t ,,p]iods4 ,we w n[ resume our consid]ation ( ! h&iwork ( ! ,cremonese ma/] z reg>ds o!r details4 ,we left him /eadily work+ ?r\gh 8 s-call$ ,gr& epo* or1 m /rictly speak+1 8 p]iod ( f9ely settl$ designs 9 outl9e & modell+4 ,he _h arriv$ at ! goal ( 8 ambition & produc$ works ( excell5ce :i*--tak+ !m z a :ole--x seem$ impossible to improve ^u4 ,he 0 h5ce=? cont5t to put into !m su* slight modifications z w\ld prev5t too great simil>ity4 ,?us we f9d "s 7 flatt] 9 ! ar*+1 o!rs a little %ort]1 be+ a trifle "u ! usual f\rte5 in*es1 o!rs aga9 7 ov] x1 b !re 0 ! same g5]al cont\r1 8 n[ well-kn[n acc5tuat$ design1 complete z possible 9 all its details4 ,f ! great numb] ( f9i%$ works t 7 turn$ out "o aft] ano!r1 x is q reasonable to assume t !re w\ld be occasionally "s little evid5ce ( extra pressure ( bus9ess & consequ5tly less "t sp5t ov] m9or details4 ,t ?is actually occurr$ at times !re is no d\bt & c be p]ceiv$ cle>ly :5 look$ =4 ,"o in/ance occurs to me 9 :i* ! purfl+ _h be5 cut (f a trifle %ort at ! corn]s & did n q fill up & make a good mitre+1 o!rwise all along ! bord] ! easy1 swift1 yet p[]ful /roke 0 ma9ta9$ up to 8 usual /&>d ( accuracy4 ,9 o!r in/ances ! po9t or bee-/+1 z x is sometimes call$1 is n s %>ply def9$ p]haps 9 two corn]s1 :ile ! o!rs 7 ! p]fection ( m9ute f9i%4 ,x seems fairly c]ta9 t ! great ,cremonese 0 n at ! "t ?9k+ ( ! almo/ microscopical scrut9y ( critics c]ta9 to occur "o hundr$ & eighty or s ye>s 9 ! future4 ,^! little diff]5ces 9 accuracy ( unimportant detail or accid5ts ( "w may be tak5 z evid5ce t ,/radiv>i 0 lab\r+ day by day to meet ! requirem5ts ( patrons diff]5t 9 disposition & p]haps pati5ce4 ,:5 at ! same p]iod he has be5 all[$ to put 8 full "t & att5tion to 8 "w1 !n we f9d ! f\r corn]s ( equal unsurpassable f9i%1 & o!r m9ute details ov] ! :ole /ructure s int5tly /udi$ t no?+ c\ld possibly g beyond4 ,^! %\ld really & appropriately be t]m$ 8 gr& patt]n4 ,!re is pres5t 9 ^? in/ances ! comb9$ excell5ces 9 ! highe/ degree ( me*anical precision1 beautiful proportion & draw+1 su* z no ma/] design] ( ! ,r5aissance c\ld surpass1 ! *oice/ mat]ials1 includ+ spl5did v>ni%1 ! :ole unit$ & capp$ ) t ess5tial1 a beautiful tone4 ,a few words ab\t ! int]ior ( ,/radiv>i's in/rum5ts2 "o k9d ( "w is p]ceptible 9 all ( !m4 ,!re is n1 z we may see 9 ! works ( o!r ma/]s1 t (f-h&$1 or ev5 slov5ly want ( f9i% inside :ile ! :ole att5tion ( ! mak] has be5 conc5trat$ on ! ext]ior4 ,) ,/radiv>i all is well done1 ! blocks1 end & corn] ones are c>efully fac$ & h little1 if any c be se51 ( ! tool m>ks left ^u !m4 ,! l9+s let into ! corn]s are 9 e in/ance done ) m9ute exactness4 ,! wood ( ^! & ! blocks is a k9d ( ,italian popl>1 sometimes call$ will[ & by ! ,fr5* sall[2 x is light & has no ?reads l p9e to cause difficulty 9 ! manipulation4 ,too mu* importance has be5 atta*$ by critics to ! pres5ce ( ?is wood 9 ,/radiv>i's viol9s4 ,t x _h no?+ :atev] to d ) ! excell5ce ( tone quality is cle> f ! fact ( mak]s ( inf]ior skill & less r5[n = tone hav+ us$ x 9 ! same p>ts4 ,! mo/ likely reason is--z mo/ repair]s h conclud$--! abs5ce ( ?read1 its lightness1 pliability & ev5ness ( texture1 be+ !reby adapt$ = ! necess>y long /rips = fitt+ r\nd ! curves4 ,"s mak]s us$ x inv>iably1 :ile o!rs did s occasionally1 p]haps n always hav+ a /ock on h&4 ,:5 = "s reasons1 su* z be+ worm eat5 or badly fractur$1 x has be5 f\nd compulsory to remove !m & sub/itute o!rs 9 _! place & ( o!r wood1 !re has be5 no p]ceptible det]ioration 9 ! tone ei!r z reg>ds quality or quantity4 ,n only s1 b !re is ! fact t _m ( ! ,italian ma/]s & _! num]\s pupils1 to say no?+ ( mak]s ( a l[] ord]1 z (t5 z n s5t =? _! viol9s )\t l9+s1 "s ev5 )\t corn] blocks4 ,9 mo/ ( ^! in/ances1 h[ev]1 ! ribs 7 left v /\t 9 sub/ance 9 ord] to reta9 a suffici5t hold+ surface = ! glue4 ,! subtle curv+s ( ! ribs ( an ,amati1 & m s ( a ,/radiv>i1 almo/ preclud$ ! use ( a v ?ick mat]ial1 especially s :5 ! curl or figure 0 bold & elaborate4 ,9 consonance ) ?is1 we f9d ) ,/radiv>i t ! ?9 plate or v5e] f :i* ! ribs h be5 cut is n ?ick1 b ( accurate & equal measurem5t along its c\rse4 ,! l9+s be+ equally true & fitt+ 9 ! close/ mann] to ! ribs1 are 9 _! orig9al /ate some:at /\t]1 ! middle or wai/ ones p>t+ slightly on approa*+ ! corn] blocks ea* way & ?us giv+ a gradually increas+ area ( atta*m5t 7diag4 h74 ,all ( ! f\r blocks are well trimm$ (f & _! surfaces levell$1 be+ q regul> 9 _! =m & size & trimm$ to prop] measurem5t4 ,! end blocks s]v+ to su/a9 ! greate/ am\nt ( /ra9 longitud9ally1 are also f\nd well f9i%$1 9 contra/ ) s _m se5 9 in/rum5ts by mak]s ( em95ce t are simply hack$ r\ghly into size & %ape4 ,!y 7 c>efully e/imat$ 9 _! proportion = /r5g? suffici5t to resi/ ! /ra9 caus$ by ! size1 l5g?1 & pull ( ! /r+s 9 use at ! "t ( ,/radiv>i1 & ) some?+ to sp>e1 s t ev5 n[1 "u ! enorm\s /ra9 ( ! mod]n high pit*1 :5 9 p]fect & orig9al condition !y are equal to _! task4 ,9 a numb] ( in/ances1 :5 mu* repair+1 good or bad has be5 done1 ! end1 & (t5 ! corn] blocks1 h be5 replac$ by mod]n ones4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 "u ^! circum/ances less ( ,/radiv>i pres5t1 b x has (t5 be5 a case ( pa9ful necessity or "q ( exp5se z to ! *oice betwe5 two /eps = re/oration to heal? & p>ticul>ly = /r5g?4 ,! =m view$ v]tically adopt$ by ,/radiv>i 0 t ( a p>allelogram ) two r\nd$ corn]s 7diag4 i474 ,! upp] block 0 left a little ?ick]1 ! junction or root ( ! neck necessitat+ ?is4 ,! r5ewal ( "o or bo? ( ^! has also be5 caus$ incid5tally by ! deep ins]tion ( ! mod]n & long] neck1 ?us less5+ mu* ( ! grip or pur*ase ( ! block on bo? upp] & l[] table4 ,! same may be said ( ! nut ov] :i* ! tail /r+ passes1 ?is be+--ow+ also to ! rise ( ! mod]n tone pit* & increase ( t5sion--mu* l>g] ?an 9 ,/radiv>i's day1 & he may 9 a s5se be said to h _h to buckle to mod]n requirem5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,diagram h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,diagram i4 ,:ile ! seat z x 7 ( our criticism is at ! pres5t mom5t 9 ! int]ior portion ( ! admirable /ructures bequea!d to u by ! great ,cremonese1 we may consid] fur!r ! surface "w ( ?is "p4 ,ev]yone kn[s t ! int]ior ( a viol9 is left unv>ni%$ by viol9 mak]s4 ,/radiv>i 0 9 no way anxi\s to become an exception to ?is rule4 ,! reasons = its adoption 71 & are1 /ill obvi\sly wise1 al?\gh n necessit\s4 ,he knew t 8 "w1 9 common ) t ( o!r craftsman1 w\ld be liable to fracture1 & t 9 ! process ( re/oration ! surfaces & junction ( p>ts mu/ be laid b>e1 & v>ni% :]e n obvi\sly necess>y w\ld be an ob/ruction4 ,= ! satisfaction ( ! anxi\s inquir] x may be /at$ t v>ni%+ ! int]ior has1 to my k1 be5 tri$ by an excell5t mod]n workman z an exp]im5t & did n br+ any adequate rew>d by p]ceptible improvem5t 9 tone quality4 ,9 ano!r in/ance1 to prev5t ! encroa*m5t ( ! collector's ar*-enemy1 ! worm1 ! innovation seem$ to h prov$ ineffectual4 ,/radiv>i may h tri$ ?is & p]haps1 = once at lea/1 met ) failure4 ,! b>--!re is b "o--(ttimes errone\sly call$ s\nd-b> or bass-b>--is1 9 common ) all ! viol9s ( ! old ,italian s*ool1 q inadequate = mod]n requirem5t1 t ( support+ ! upp] table on ! f\r? /r+ side aga9/ ! pressure caus$ by ! t5sion ( ! ?ird & f\r?1 ! heavie/ /r+s4 ,t ! l5g?1 ?ickness & disposition ( ! b> has mu* to d ) ! good go+ ord] ( e viol9 !re is no disput+4 ,/radiv>i did n live long en\gh to make acqua9tance ) ! numb]less proposals = acquir+ 8 quality by mak+ ?is "p long]1 %ort]1 ?ick]1 or ?9n]1 besides v>i\s modes ( atta*m5t4 ,t "s ( !m w\ld h rais$ a smile on ! features ( ! vet]an ,cremonese1 we may be q sure4 ,t he 0 q cont5t ) ! size ( ! b> 9 g5]al use dur+ 8 life-"t !re c be no d\bt1 z !re is no record or evid5ce ( any exp]im5ts hav+ be5 made by him1 fair argum5t t none 7 consid]$ necess>y2 ! in/rum5ts f9i%$1 ! ord9>y b> ( ! p]iod 0 ins]t$ & !re 0 an end4 ,! :ole ( ! int]ior indicates an abs5ce ( any "q ( improvem5t on :at _h be5 done be=e by 8 ma/] ,nicolas ,amati & 8 pr$ecessors1 ap>t f good f9i%4 ,a few words z to ! ?ickness ( ! upp] & l[] tables4 ,( ?is mu* has be5 writt51 an extremely small portion be+ f actual obs]vation1 & mo/ ( ! o!r p>ts be+ reit]at$ ass]tions />t$ _m ye>s back by p ^: suppos$ k re/$ solely ^u simple conviction1 )\t an iota ( bona fide evid5ce 9 support4 ,to !m ! fact1 well kn[n to ev]yone engag$ 9 ! manufacture ( s\nd-bo>ds ( musical in/rum5ts1 t a v ?ick s\nd-bo>d produces diff]5t results to t ( a v ?9 "o1 0 suffici5t1 !re=e ! secret ( ,/radiv>i ) reg>d to 8 tone1 0 ! adju/m5t ( ! ?icknesses1 :atev] t may mean4 ,! ass]tion seem+ p]haps r b>e1 & want+ "s sort ( support1 0 bol/]$ up ) ano!r no less in/ructive1 t if y p+$1 or tapp$ ! sep>at$ upp] & l[] tables ( a ,/radiv>i s t !y ea* gave out a note !re w\ld be f\nd ! diff]5ce ( a tone betwe5 !m6 ,"h 0 some?+ = ! babes & suckl+s ( ! craft ( viol9 mak+ to swall[4 ,x 0 /at$ also :i* table w\ld give ! high] tone4 ,un=tunately = "s w\ld-be ,/radiv>is1 ! p>ticul>s ( ! tonal diff]5ce 7 copi$ loosely & rev]s$ & s came confusion worse conf\nd$4 ,! illu/rations ( s\nd holes1 or f f commonly s call$1 w1 x is hop$1 be int]e/+ z %[+ ! modification or developm5t f ^? ( ,nicolas ,amati to ! latt] "p ( ! p]iod ( ,/radiv>i's c>e]1 call$ ! gr&4 ,!y are all reproduc$ f f9e specim5s ( ! great ,cremonese ma/]s1 & are ! exact size ( ! orig9als4 ,! fir/ 7a7 %[s ! f ( a viol9 ( ! ,nicolas ,amati's late p]iod1 #affc1 unaffect$--at lea/ 9 ?is detail--by ! individuality ( 8 h]eaft] em95t pupil4 7b7 ,:ile /ill go+ "u ! "n ( ,nicolas ,amati1 #afgh1 ! f %[s ! actual int]f]5ce ( ,/radiv>i1 x is m v]tical1 b ! peculi>ities ( ! upp] & l[] w+s are reta9$4 7c7 #afhd4 ,! design is q *ang$1 !re is "s return to ! fl[ or incl9ation ( ,amati1 b ! :ole ?+ is m ext5d$1 is sl5d]1 & ! upp] & l[] w+s are wid5$1 ?is modification 0 reta9$ = a p]man5cy4 7d7 #afij4 ,!re is "s return to ! v]tical design1 b ! wid? ( ! w+s is reta9$1 :ile ! l[] "p ( ! design is ( l>g] proportions4 7e7 #agjj4 ,! design is m equalis$ & is m sub/antial4 7f7 #agae4 ,! same proportions are kept ) an increase ( gracefulness4 ,x w be p]ceiv$ ! l[] w+ approa*es at its l[e/ "p ! oppos+ curve m closely1 ! upp] "o likewise2 9 "s specim5s ( ?is p]iod x is /ill clos]4 7g7 #agbe4 ,:ile ! upp] "p is v l ! prec$+1 ! l[] "p is m contract$ & curl$ up4 ,!re is a some:at heavi] expression ab\t ! upp] "p 9 consequ5ce4 ,illu/ration3 a b c ,,see ,,page #dh4 ,illu/ration3 d e f g ,,see ,,page #dh4 ,hi/ory does n relate :i* ( ^? p>ties :o may h practically foll[$ up ! exp]im5ts 7 successful 9 arriv+ at ! goal ( _! ambition2 !y may ev5 /ill be cont9u+ ! /ruggle = supremacy ) _! ma/]4 ,we h n to look f> = asc]ta9+ :e!r ^! ass]tions h borne fruit4 ,!re has be5 "t en\gh = works built ^u ^! s-call$ discov]ies ( fix$ pr9ciples to h settl$ d[n1 & ! popul> v]dict n[ is--t ^? :i* guid$ ,antonio ,/radiv>i h yet to be discov]$4 ,! numb]s ( ann\ncem5ts ( fre% discov]ies--repeat$ ad nauseam--are 9 !mselves "s evid5ce t :at has gone be=e 0 f\nd$ on deceptive evid5ce1 & !re=e to beg9 anew 0 ! only c\rse left4 ,! illu/rations ( scrolls by ,nicolas ,amati & ,antonio ,/radiv>i1 be+ f good specim5s by ! ma/]s1 w be int]e/+ z %[+ ! progression ( ! modification 9 detail "u ! h&s ( ! latt]4 ,9 fig4 a1 ,nicolas ,amati1 c4 #afgj1 x w be se5 t ! fir/ or smalle/ turn aft] leav+ ! axis or eye is kept = "s di/ance r close4 ,e ef=t seems to h be5 made = keep+ ! turns or w9d+ f be+ too circul>1 !re be+ a g5]al dip d[nw>d & =w>d4 ,! g\g+ is deep f ! comm5cem5t4 ,! aim ( ! arti/ 9 ! :ole design appe>s to h be5 t[>ds p]fection ( gracefulness4 ,fig4 b4 ,antonio ,/radiv>i1 #afhc1 ! op5ness & bold sw+ ( ! fir/ turn at once on leav+ ! eye is v /rik+1 x also comm5ces high] up1 !re is almo/ an abs5ce ( fl[ or d[nw>d t5d5cy4 ,! ?roat und]nea? ! volute is v massive1 al?\gh all ! edges are f9i%$ (f ) ! utmo/ delicacy & %>p tool+4 ,all ! details ( scroll c>v+ by ,/radiv>i at ?is p]iod are m>vels ( me*anical dext]ity ( h&l+4 ,! diff]5t dep?s ( ! g\g+ are c>efully calculat$ = solidity ( effect1 ea* portion be+ deep 9 proportion to its wid?1 ! small] turns ?us hav+ less dep? ?an ! l>g]4 ,) ! ,amatis !re seem$ to be a /riv+ aft] atta9m5t ( ! greate/ dep? possible 9 ! small] g\g+s1 ^? ne>e/ ! axis rea*+ frequ5tly to almo/ ! same dep? ( level z ! out] or broade/ "o4 ,9 no "p ( 8 "w does ,/radiv>i %[ m cle>ly ! result ( c>eful calculation aft] closely /udy+ ! "w ( 8 ma/] & o!rs t _h gone be=e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 a4 ,,see ,,page #di4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 b4 ,,see ,,page #di4 ,fig4 c4 ,! p]iod #agae %[s ! result ( fur!r calculation = g5]al effect & a consequ5t modification 9 respect ( m9or details2 !re is pres5t1 z always1 ! suffici5tly bold sw+ ( ! fir/ turn f ! axis4 ,9 *oice specim5s ! po9t ( comm5cem5t is z %>ply & cle>ly def9$ z ! mitre+ ( ! purfl+ at ! f\r corn]s ( ! body ( ! viol9 & :i* x seems impossible to excel4 ,! ?roat1 ) ! :ole ( ! peg-box1 is r$uc$ slightly b consi/5tly ) /r5g? & beauty ( appe>ance4 ,! public v]dict has rema9$ un%ak5 ) reg>d to ^! scrolls be+ 9 respect ( ! comb9ation ( excell5cies ! be/ c>v+s ( ! great arti/4 ,!y are 9 ! mo/ trifl+ degree small] ?an ^? c>v$ be=e ! p]iod ( #agjj4 ,among ^? cut ab\t ! #agaj-ae p]iod1 or ev5 lat]1 are a few t seem to h be5 int5tionally bo? small] & m upright4 ,al?\gh hav+ all ! ess5tial excell5cies ( detail !y c sc>cely be consid]$ z com+ up to ! /&>d ( ! o!rs 9 respect ( ref9$ gr&eur4 ,?is type may be said to be mix$ up & cont9u$ ) m or less p]si/5cy to ! la/1 & ( ?is ,fig4 d gives a good repres5tation4 ,!re is frequ5tly a m emphatic or en]getic g\g+ at ! comm5cem5t ( ! turns1 a m develop$ e> z x is (t5 t]m$4 ,x is g\g$ ) q z mu* c>e z ! re/4 ,speculation has be5 rife z to ! possible influ5ce or ev5 p]sonal help ( ,joseph ,gu>n]i at ?is po9t1 b !re is no solid f\ndation = surmis+ ! pres5ce ( "o or ! o!r4 ,if ! g\g+ ( ?is "p may be said to be> any sort ( resemblance to ! emphatic or impetu\s t\* ( ,joseph1 x is conf9$ /rictly to ?is portion2 o!r ess5tials are want+ t w\ld be absolutely necess>y = cr$it+ arti/s ( di/9ctly opposite t5d5cies )--x might be almo/ rightly t]m$--tamp]+ ) ea* o!r's designs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 c4 ,,see ,,page #ej4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 d4 ,,see ,,page #ej4 ,b if ! "n ( ,c>lo ,b]gonzi is br\ght into ! field ( speculation--grant+ = a mom5t t ,/radiv>i 0 n v likely to /ep aside occasionally f 8 accu/om$ groove--!n we h mu* m ( a possibility or ev5 probability 9 ! matt]4 ,x has always be5 ass]t$1 & ,i believe nev] contradict$1 t ,c>lo ,b]gonzi 0 = a "t actually work+ 9 ! ateli] ( ,/radiv>i--:e!r z pupil or only assi/ant matt]s n--b we h 9 ! fact ( 8 pres5ce a di/9ct factor 9 any ( ! suppos$ anomalies ( ! lat] p]iods ( ! gr& ,cremonese ma/]4 ,to ?is1 h[ev]1 we may put "s consid]ation fur!r on4 ,!re is fur!r 9 ^! lat] scrolls a modification1 alt]ation1 or suppos$ attempt at improvem5t 9 ! edg+ ( ! turns1 ^! be+ left a trifle /\t] ?an at ! comm5cem5t ( ,/radiv>i's c>e]4 ,?is is cont9u$ along ov] ! top & d[n ! back ( ! scroll to ! %ell1 :i* seems to be a little less elongat$ ?an ! e>ly specim5s4 ,x may be m app>5t ?an real 9 mo/ in/ances 9 consequ5ce ( ! bold] edg+4 ,! holl[+ ( ! %ell is seem+ly less delicate1 b ?is may be tak5 z a natural result ( ! =ego+4 ,fur!r on ^! details w come 9 aga9 = review4 ,to cont9ue our rem>ks on ! "q ( ?icknesses & _! adju/m5t ) ea* o!r4 ,?is is a dep>tm5t ( ! lu?i]'s art1 to :i* p]haps mu* m att5tion has be5 direct$ by !oris]s ?an by practical work]s4 ,! latt] class h no d\bt be5 influ5c$ by ! =m] to a consid]able ext5t1 (t5times hav+ _! views expressly c>ri$ out "u _! p]sonal sup]vision4 ,by musical amateurs x is f\nd to be a good !me = conv]sation :5 ! excell5cies ( ! works ( v>i\s ma/]s are dilat$ ^u4 ,t ! ri*ness ( quality 9 a ,joseph is ! result ( 8 hav+ left 8 wood ?ick 9 c]ta9 p>ts & n s mu* 9 o!rs1 & t ?is1 comb9$ ) ! flat modell+1 0 ! secret1 & t x 0 writt5 t "s ( ! ,josephs 7 too ?ick 9 ! back1 & !re=e ! fre$om ( ! vibration 0 *eck$ & ! tone to "s degree /ifl$ & defici5t 9 p5etrative p[]4 ,among my e>ly musical acqua9tances1 ,i rememb] an amateur viol9i/ :o w\ld wax eloqu5t on ! p[] ( 8 ,/rad1 ass]t+ t x 0 ow+ 9 a great measure to its hav+ be5 left ?ick by ! mak] all r\nd ne> ! bord]4 ,?is1 no d\bt1 _m o!r amateurs1 acqua9t$ ) :at us$ to be 9 pr9t on ! subject1 w recognise z be+ 9 opposition to :at _h be5 accept$ z be+ ! rule g5]ally obs]v$ by ,/radiv>i1 t ! ar*+ 9 its ?ickness g5tly decreas$ t[>ds ! bord] :]e x 0 ab\t a ?ird less ?an at ! c5tre4 ,?is g5tle gradation 0 said to be ! cause ( ! beautiful silky & sympa!tic quality s prom95tly *>act]i/ic ( 8 in/rum5ts4 ,! explanation ( ! ?+ 9 action1 z me*anicians w\ld t]m x1 0 ?us--! greate/ ?ickness be+ at ! "p all r\nd by ! feet ( ! bridge1 0 able to su/a9 ! vibration1 or ! successive %ocks caus$ by ! b[1 :i* 7 transmitt$ ?r\gh ! wood ( ! upp] table & 7 gradually less5$ 9 int5sity z ! ?ickness decreas$ t[>d ! bord]1 :]e !y subsid$1 or 7 lo/4 ,i d n "k :at explanation 0 giv51 if any1 ( ! sy/em ( ?ickness adopt$ mu* by "s ( ! ,milanese s*ool1 :i* 0 t ( hew+ away ! wood until x 0 ?9ne/ at ! "p all r\nd by ! feet ( ! bridge & ?icke/ by ! l[] w+s ( ! s\nd holes4 ,judg+ by ! be=e m5tion$ ass]tions z to ! association ( p[] ( en]getic vibration ) ! ?icke/ wood "u ! bridge1 ^! ,milanese mak]s 7 act+ v wrongly1 b1 /range to say1 _m in/rum5ts ( v great p[] 7 made by !m "u ^! conditions4 ,_m ye>s ago ,i 0 conv]s+ on ! subject ( ?icknesses ) an ,engli% mak] ( exp]i5ce & :o seem$ to believe 9 c]ta9 ?icknesses1 & hav+ !n z yet made no practical exp]im5ts myself 9 ! matt]1 ,i put ! foll[+ to him4 ,!re are _m viol9s to be met ) t ?r\gh ill-usage & pressure on ! bridge h depressions in/ead ( ! level wood at ! "p we %\ld expect x to be1 & yet ! tone is consid]$ f9e1 h[ is ?is8 ,! answ] 0 rem>kable1 & n unwor?y ( ! class ( mak]s to :i* he belong$--t al?\gh ! wood _h become ?9n] f pressure1 ! orig9al am\nt 0 all !re1 x 0 only squeez$ clos] toge!r4 ,! in/rum5ts 71 no d\bt1 rightly gaug$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,n[ !re1 he said1 po9t+ to a 'cello hang+ up almo/ out ( rea* & look+ 9 r a woe-begone condition1 is a bass t nev] w\ld g well because x 0 badly gaug$ :5 fir/ made4 ,age & usage 7 to be ( no avail 9 br++ ?is wret*$ piece ( workman%ip up to ! /&>d ( ! av]age4 ,?is la/ ass]tion might h be5 ( consid]able weight _h ! mak] be5 a p]sonal pupil ( ,/radiv>i1 b ! public v]dict has be5 t !re 0 a great gulf betwe5 ! two1 & t ! fir/ _h n be5 initiat$ into ! secret ( ! o!rs4 ,=eign z well z ,engli% mak]s h ann\nc$ 9 ! mo/ impressive mann] at _! comm& t _! in/rum5ts 7 id5tical 9 all respects1 includ+ ! sy/em ( ?icknesses 9 ! orig9als1 buy !m1 use !m1 & be conv9c$ t 9 "t !y w\ld be j z good z ! real ?+4 ,! =ego+ is p]haps en\gh to indicate :e!r or n ! secret ( ,/radiv>i1 or inde$ any ( ! o!r ,italian ma/]s1 great or small1 _h be5 discov]$ by calip] measurem5t4 ,x is /range t ! impression has held sway s /rongly t ! g5ius ( ! great ma/] lay 9 8 mann] ( di/ribution ( ! ?ick & ?9 p>ts ( ! upp] & l[] table4 ,! fir/ ?\ght 9 ?is direction w\ld be t if ! !ory 0 good1 its practical application ) ord9>y skill & c>e w\ld be sure to br+ ab\t ! desir$ result4 ,b m ?an ?is has be5 done 9 exp]im5t+ on orig9als & copies f "t to "t4 ,we h )9 a mile ( ,*>+ ,cross no lack ( workm5 capable ( gaug+ & copy+ ) suffici5t exactness ! ?icknesses ( any ,/radiv>i br\ght to !m1 if t 7 all1 or ! pr9cipal means necess>y = reproduc+ ! fam\s qualities ( ! great ,cremonese4 ,x seems to be =gott5 t hundr$s ( clev] workm5 h liv$ s9ce 8 "t1 9 8 own z well z o!r c\ntries1 :o h giv5 ! mo/ assidu\s application to ! mak+ ( exact copies & ) a l result--t ( total failure4 ,= a mom5t let u turn our ?\ghts to ! nature ( ! mat]ials compris$ 9 ! sum total ( ! /ructure kn[n z a viol94 ,we h = ! upp] table1 or front1 a ?9 slab ( wood kn[n z p9e1 f a species ( tree t gr[s all ov] ! _w4 ,! v>ieties are1 h[ev]1 innum]able & ! purposes to :i* !y are put1 equally s4 ,= ! l[] table1 or back1 a m d5se & t\gh wood is us$4 ,t ! p>ticul> k9d us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! fam\s in/rum5ts ( ! great ma/]s1 & mo/ly t kn[n z curl$ maple or h>e wood1 0 *iefly on acc\nt ( its beauty1 is evid5t f ! fact t all ! be/ ,italian mak]s _h rec\rse at times to o!r & less %[y wood4 ,bee* 0 occasionally us$ by ,c>lo ,b]gonzi4 ,o!r t\gh woods gr[n 9 ,italy1 ev5 popl>1 h be5 us$ by "s mak]s1 seem+ly :5 ! supply ( bett] look+ mat]ial ran %ort4 ,t !re are extant "s ,/rads ) backs ( "s pla9 wood o!r ?an maple is m ?an likely4 ,we h1 !n1 = ! upp] table ( ! viol9 a wood ( s(t b ela/ic consi/5cy1 ! /r5g? ( :i* lies ma9ly 9 ! ?reads runn+ l5g?wise1 & :i*1 :5 ! wood is cut 9 ! mann] usual ) all viol9 mak]s s9ce its inv5tion1 s]ve ! purpose ( small joi/s runn+ f end to end ( ! upp] table4 ,! s(t mat]ial ly+ betwe5 ^! is v susceptible to damp1 especially :5 fre% cut4 ,?us1 if a piece ( p9e be cut ev] s smoo? ) a %>p g\ge or *isel1 a slightly wett$ bru% drawn along ! surface w at once cause ! s(t] p>ts to swell & s leave a ribb$ or corduroy appe>ance :5 x is dry4 ,?is w s]ve to %[ h[ f> ?is wood is suitable = regulat+ by su* v m9ute diff]5ces z w\ld be necess>y :5 ! ?icknesses !ory is confid$ 9 & ef=ts made to r$uce x to practice4 ,! exactness reasonably expect$ ( su* a ma/] ( quality z ,/radiv>i w\ld be upset 9 an in/ant by ! application ( a little moi/ure1 & :i* ei!r by accid5t or dur+ ! process ( repair+ w\ld be fairly c]ta9 to occur "s "t or o!r to e viol9 t left ! h&s ( its mak]4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,/radiv>i',s ,,tone ,,& ,,sy/em--,,^? ,,( ,,8 ,,pupils ,,& ,,assi/ants--,,qualities ,,( ,,tone ,,produc$ ,,9 ,,diff]5t ,,localities4 ,we may n[ ref] to actual obs]vation or close exam9ation ( ,/radiv>i's "w ) ref]5ce to ! "q ( sy/em1 :e!r !re is evid5ce ( its pres5ce & h[ foll[$ by him4 ,t 8 viol9s %\ld h be5 f "t to "t well measur$ by ! v num]\s army ( id5tical imitators1 fair copyi/s1 & all sorts ( connoisseurs & !ori/s dur+ ! pres5t c5tury w be at once admitt$1 & ! results may be summ$ up 9 a few words4 ,/radiv>i did n leave cle>ly def9$ any evid5ce ( a sy/em ( gaug+ :i* he /rictly foll[$1 at any rate 9 su* a mann] z to enable ! lea/ approa* by su* to be made by any foll[]s 9 8 /eps ) any measure ( success4 ,9 %ort1 he 0 guid$ by ! exig5cies ( ! mom5t z to ! am\nt ( wood left 9 8 ord9>y or *oic] specim5s4 ,x has be5 /at$ be=e t 8 quality ( tone 0 "o1 n sev]al1 & = ^! 8 patrons flock$ to him1 z 8 admir]s h also m & m e>ne/ly s\ght = him s9ce ! supply has ceas$4 ,b x 0 n desirable t ! greate/ possible p[] %\ld be giv5 to in/rum5ts t 7 9 _m cases to simply *>m a small family circle ( fri5ds 9 an ap>tm5t ( mode/ dim5sions4 ,he w\ld1 !re=e1 naturally en\gh v>y ! am\nt ( wood left4 ,?is w\ld be q 9 accordance ) :at is p]fectly well kn[n to all mak]s & repair]s ( exp]i5ce--t ) a viol9 if v ?ickly timb]$1 ! tone is less easy ( emission1 or actually weak4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if too ?9 ! emission is comp>atively easy1 b lacks int5sity & is t]m$ holl[4 ,"u ^! circum/ances we %\ld expect to f9d a v>iation 9 ! ?icknesses ( diff]5t viol9s ( ,/radiv>i1 :i* is 9 accordance ) fact4 ,"s connoisseurs h be5 9 _! en?usiasm too ha/y 9 _! ref]5ce ( g5]al pr9ciples f a few p>ticul> in/ances & _! rese>*es--z "t !reaft] %[$--did n be> ! fruit s anxi\sly look$ =w>d to4 ,an in/ance comes to m9d ( two well kn[n deal]s1 "o ,briti%1 ! o!r =eign1 meet+ toge!r "o day & op5+ "s half-a-doz5 ,/rads1 t appe>$ up to t mom5t to h _h _! int]iors undi/urb$1 or p]haps x might be said untamp]$ )4 ,:at a meet+6 & :at a p>t+6 let u hope t ea* table1 upp] or l[]1 t _h s long be5 work+ 9 h>mony1 ev5tually became aga9 prop]ly mat$ & gave no cause = lawy]s to put _! f+]s 9 ! pie4 ,! results ( ! exam9ation is relat$ ?us3--,9 no two ( ! in/rum5ts 7 ?icknesses alike2 "s _h ?ick places & ?9 places2 "s 7 ?ick] on "o side ?an ! o!r2 all 7 ?ick] 9 ! c5tre ( ! upp] table & all _h ^! z ?ree to five = ! back4 ,ano!r is t ( a well kn[n cont95tal repair] 9 8 day1 relat+ h[ he _h repair$ a v l>ge numb] ( real ,/rads & f\nd ! upp] tables to be ( ! same ?ickness1 two & a half m's4 all ov]1 b t ! backs v>i$ 9 ?ickness4 ,"s discrepancies "h seem+ly4 ,to add to ?is1 a correspond5t says ! ,/rads he has measur$ h c]ta9ly n be5 ?icke/ 9 ! c5tre ( ! upp] table4 ,my own obs]vations z to ?icknesses ,i am afraid w n af=d mu* com=t to ^? :o h be5 hopeful at any "t t ! calip]s w\ld drag =? ! preci\s secret4 ,i recollect _m ye>s back see+ a v fre% ,/rad1 & a ha/y measurem5t possible at ! "t reveal$ too mu* wood1 t is judg+ accord+ to our mod]n ideas ( regulation4 ,"o in/ance ( a ,/rad1 once my own prop]ty1 comes to my m9d4 ,x _h some?+ wrong ) ! int]ior t necessitat$ op5+4 ,! viol9 0 ( good reputation = its tone ( f9e quality1 quantity & ease ( emission4 ,!re 0 no help = x2 mu* aga9/ my incl9ation ! sep>ation ( ! upp] table f ! ribs w\ld h to take place1 ei!r by my own h&s1 or ^? ( "s o!r p]son1 ! rectification be+ impossible f ! ext]ior z x sometimes may be4 ,) all necess>y c>e1 guid$ by pa/ exp]i5ce1 ! op5+ 0 safely accompli%$1 & aft] a v int]e/+ exam9ation ( ! int]ior1 :i* to an ord9>y obs]v] w\ld h seem$ b pe]+ into a dirty old wood5 box1 hav+ no?+ p]ceptibly diff]5t f any o!r1 0 9 :at w\ld be call$ a fair /ate ( pres]vation4 ,i took ! calip]s 9 h&1 expect+ to le>n some?+1 b f\nd all ! orig9al ?icknesses _h be5 lo/ "u ! h&s ( num]\s repair]s4 ,! suppos$ sy/em or rule foll[$ by ,/radiv>i--t is1 accord+ to :at critics & writ]s h decl>$ 0 8 habit--0 c]ta9ly n demon/rat$ 9 ?is in/ance3 9 fact ! eyesight alone 0 suffici5t to p]ceive t :atev] !ory ! ma/] _h believ$ 9 z necess>y = ! production ( 8 inimitable quality1 or :atev] rule z to gaug+ %\ld be foll[$ 9 ord] to obta9 en\gh p[] & fre$om ( emission 71 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 we w n say ignor$1 b q imp]ceptible2 & :y8 because ! fiddle at "o "t _h be5 :at we mod]ns--) our ideas ( regulation & fitt+--w\ld t]m too ?ick 9 ! wood4 ,! in/rum5t _h und]gone mu* affliction f v>i\s physicians1 b1 judg+ f v>i\s little details ( evid5ce1 be5 at almo/ all times highly priz$4 ,"h & !re 7 ! /uds or buttons ( v>i\s k9ds ( p9e /uck by repair]s ( diff]5t nationalities & degrees ( skill1 "s plac$ ) app>5t good int5tion1 o!rs )\t reason at all1 :ile sev]al p>ts bore indications ( /uds hav+ at "o "t re/$ !re & be5 aft]w>ds remov$ by succe$+ repair]s4 ,n[ all ^! m5 _h a ?\ght ( do+ _! "w prop]ly1 & 9 f9i%+ (f _! /uds ) g\ge or glass-pap]1 _h :ipp$ (f ar\nd ea* spot "s ( ! preci\s wood ( ,/radiv>i1 ) a g5]al result ( a s]ies ( holl[s & g5tle prom95ces n at all pleas+ to ! eye ( ! believ] 9 ! ?ickness !ory1 b nev]!less in/ructive4 ,o!r in/ances 9 :i* ! ma/]'s "w--:ile /ill good & s]viceable1 ) mu* evid5ce ( unskilful repair1 or want ( prop] att5tion at ! "t ( accid5t1 h come "u my notice1 en\gh1 long ago1 to h1 z ! say+ is1 knock$ into a cock$ hat1 all t has be5 put =? reg>d+ ! ma!matical precision ( ! ?icknesses ov] ! diff]5t p>ts ( a viol9 by ,antonio ,/radiv>i4 ,"o or two fur!r rem>ks may be int]e/+ on ?is "p ( our subject4 ,! fact mu/ n be lo/ sight ( t ! pupils ( ! n[ well e/abli%$ ma/] ( 8 art 9 ,cremona 7 work+ ei!r at t place likewise1 or 9 ! l>ge cities ( ,italy1 & _h become fam\s1 or 7 soon to be s & !mselves surr\nd$ by le>n]s ( ! art4 ,all ^! _h be5 initiat$ 9 ! secrets1 if any1 ( _! craft & 9 ! p>ticul>s :i* di/+ui%$ !m f o!rs1 or we may say1 !y 7 ( ! ,/radiv>i s*ool1 %[+ 9 a m or less degree ! same species ( tone :i* ! ma/] _h br\ght to maturity1 & :i* he reta9$ ) consi/5cy & nev] sw]v$ f to 8 late/ day4 ,x is q a reasonable supposition t mo/1 if n all1 ( ! p]sonal pupils 7 taught by ! ma/]1 or _h ! way po9t$ out to !m by :i* !y might1 ) ! "r e> = discrim9ation ( tone quality & en\gh ( indu/ry1 imp>t to _! works ! id5tical qualities ( ^? ( _! tea*]4 ,b :at are ! facts left = our consid]ation 9 connection ) calip] measurem5t8 ! pupils admitt$ly ( 8 tea*+1 among :om we may m5tion ,lor5zo ,guadagn9i1 8 son ,joannes ,batti/a1 ,alex&ri ,gagliano1 "o or two ( 8 sons & ,c>lo ,b]gonzi1 z ! be/ kn[n1 ea* adopt$ _! own1 or %all we say1 left no m evid5ce = u ( hav+ a set rule = ?icknesses ?an _! ma/]4 ,! ne>e/ approa* to ! ass]t$ sy/em ( ,/radiv>i1 t ( a g5tle decl9ation ( sub/ance 9 ! wood d[n to ! edge1 0 made by ,lor5zo ,guadagn9i 9 8 extra siz$ viol9s2 b !n ! tone1 wond]fully f9e1 is n ,/radiv>i1 b ,guadagn9i4 ,c>lo ,b]gonzi's sy/em1 if we may = a mom5t call x1 0 q unlike ,/radiv>i1 & yet connoisseurs h frequ5tly cr$it$ him ) hav+ got ! same beautiful quality ( tone4 ,f ^! few ref]5ces x w be suffici5tly pla9 t ! gr& secret ( tone quality mu/ n be s\ght = ) ! aid ( calip]s1 s we w dismiss ?is "p ( our subject & proce$ to o!r consid]ations4 ,besides ^? :o h p9n$ _! fai? to ! ?icknesses1 !re are ^? :o take up ) ! air mass !ory4 ,i am afraid ! argum5ts 9 fav\r ( ?is la/ w n be> ev5 s mu* knock+ ab\t z ^? j consid]$4 ,we h 9 ! fir/ place to take into acc\nt ! fact ( ! l>g] mod]n b> tak+ up m room ?an ! old obsolete "o (1 n only ,/radiv>i1 b all ! o!r ma/]s ( 8 "t & be=e4 ,! upp] & l[] end blocks h be5 enl>g$ 9 _m in/ances to obta9 a bett] hold on ! upp] & l[] table4 ,^! alt]ations h be5 ea* ( necessity1 n ( ignorance or m]e :im1 & moreov] h prov$ efficaci\s = ! end 9 view4 ,! re/or]s1 or regulators :o h p]=m$ ^! op]ations mu/--accord+ to ! air mass !ory--h be5 act+ q 9 ! tee? ( x & ,/radiv>i's regulation1 fur!r !re is n "o fiddle 9 a hundr$--p]haps n t--:i* has be5 9 use = a g5]ation b :at %[s a s9k+ "o side or ! o!r1 or1 :5 ! modell+ is full1 a depression 9 ! middle ( ! upp] table1 & v frequ5tly a great] fulness at ! back :]e ! s\nd po/ t\*es & presses f ! inside4 ,^! alt]ations1 individually or collectively1 alt] ! air mass ( ! int]ior1 & ! viol9 ?us1 accord+ to ! !ory1 conta9s )9 itself ! elem5ts ( its own e>ly dissolution1 s f> z f9e quality is conc]n$4 ,facts1 h[ev]1 g to prove ! contr>y1 & ) ! mod]n regulator's ef=ts to obta9 ! be/ am\nt ( a good ?+ kn[n to be pres5t1 x is q probable t ,/radiv>i himself nev] he>d 8 in/rum5ts to su* advantage z !y may be n[1 not)/&+ ! unreasonably high pit* to :i* viol9i/s are oblig$ to con=m _! tun+4 ,!re 0 ano!r !ory promulgat$ _m ye>s back by c]ta9 p ( "s degree ( em95ce 9 _! own walk 9 life4 ,a gr& discov]y 0 ann\nc$1 t ! excell5ce ( ! viol9s ( ,/radiv>i consi/$ 9 ! tonal diff]5ce betwe5 ! upp] & l[] tables peculi> no d\bt to t ma/]4 ,?is sort ( committee ( sci5tific exp]im5t]1 viol9 deal] & au?or1 did n--:ile c5tralis+ _! ef=ts on ! viol9s ( "o ma/]--say :e!r ! same relation%ip exi/$ betwe5 ! back & front ( a ,nicola ,amati1 ,magg9i or ,gasp>o de ,salo1 !y made some?+ ( a slip :5 !y m5tion$ ! viol9s ( ! great ,joseph ,gu>n]ius z %[+ ! same tonal diff]5ce4 ,x w\ld h be5 v int]e/+ to h he>d ( results aft] fur!r trials by ! same exp]im5t]s ^u upp] or l[] tables ( viol9s by n[ n v mu* less celebrat$ mak]s1 :o1 al?\gh ( ! same class or s*ool1 7 liv+--= ^? times--f> away f ! c5tral lum9>y ( ! ,cremonese art4 ,:at w\ld h be5 said ( ,montagnana ( ,v5ice8 a /> ( ! fir/ magnitude1 curi\sly ne> 9 quality & quantity to ! great c5tre to :i* he 0 will+ to pay obeisance & ?r[ out a reflect$ light2 ( ,gobetti1 p]haps m ,/raddy ?an any o!r ,italian1 ,g(rill]i1 ,s]aph9o1 two or ?ree ( ! ,tononis1 besides o!r lights ( less] magnitude1 ) exce$+ly f9e qualities1 b p]haps op5 to ! *>ge ( int]mitt5cy4 ,fur!r1 sev]al ( ! ,milanese s*ool1--(f%oots ( ! ,amati & ,/radiv>i1--( ,lor5zo ,guadagn9i1 a ma/] ( 8 art 9 all its details1 if ev] !re 0 "o1 8 son ,joannes ,batti/a1 /eadi] 9 8 work+1 b m unc]ta9 9 8 results--%ift+ f place to place1 may h _h "s connection ) ?is--& ! occasionally f9e artific]s ( ! same place1 ,l&olfi1 ! ,granc9os & ,te/ores & lat] on ,bale/ri]i ( ,mantua & ,/orioni ( ,cremona4 ,^! m51 always good1 & :5 circum/ances 7 fav\rable1 great 9 _! art1 (t5 gr& 9 _! individuality & p[]1 71 by ^! mod]n sci5tific int]rogators plac$ aside or quietly ignor$1 app>5tly ei!r z unwor?y ( _! recognition1 or ( su* inf]ior r5[n z n to come )9 ! scope ( _! inve/igations4 ,a close & se>*+ inquiry into ! causes t enabl$ diff]5t ma/]s ( _! art to br+ ab\t ! desirable end ( _! lab\rs1 t ( imp>t+ a di/9ct quality & individuality ( tone1 might h enabl$ !m to get at lea/ a h9t z to ! means :]eby ,/radiv>i gratifi$ ! ta/es ( 8 patrons at ! "t & connoisseurs 9 g5]al ( ! pres5t day4 ,z indicat$ be=e1 ! ,v5etian ma/]s 7--probably by ! same means--able to put be=e _! patrons t k9d ( tone mo/ 9 agreem5t ) ! luxuri\s surr\nd+s ( ! ,v5etian nobility1 or (f]$ & f\nd acceptable to ! musical public g5]ally !re4 ,a prolong$1 e>ne/ exam9ation ( ! peculi>ities ( tone atta*$ to ! viol9s ( ! mak]s ( ! *ief seats ( viol9 mak+1 has l$ to ! inf]5ce t ! diff]5ce 9 k9d or degree 0 n f individual *oice1 b *iefly ow+ to outside influ5ce4 ,:at is kn[n z ! old ,brescian type ( tone 0 d\btless suitable to ! ta/es ( musical circles1 among :om ! !n new /yle ( musical in/rum5t 0 introduc$ 9 ,brescia4 ,:5 settl$ d[n1 ! ,amati family1 a gr\p ( ?or\gh arti/s1 prov$ !mselves alive to ! requirem5ts ( ! fre% di/rict t 0 h5ce=? to be ! sc5e ( _! lab\rs = g5]ations4 ,! ,brescian quality _h ei!r be5 f\nd by !m1 or 0 kn[n be=eh&1 to be too pond]\s or insuffici5tly end[$ ) ! m fem99e quality desirable 9 ! m9ds ( ! ,cremonese4 ,! ,amatis seem to h be5 9 full possession ( ! means necess>y = produc+ ! k9d ( viol9 9 dem& & suppli$ x4 ,z "t w5t on1 musical compositions *ang$ 9 /yle1 advanc+ by degrees t[>ds ! culm9at+ po9t ( ne>ly a c5tury lat]4 ,! simple1 (t-times wondr\sly sweet1 yet qua9t effusions ( ! e>ly compos]s = ! viol91 7 gradually giv+ m & /rong] indication ( :at 0 possible & likely to foll[ soon & 9 its turn1 l all o!r ?+s1 become antiquat$ & old-fa%ion$4 ,und\bt$ly1 x 0 ?is progressive condition ( ! music ( ! p]iod t induc$ ,/radiv>i1 e>ly 9 8 c>e]1 if n at ! "t he 0 ) ,nicolo ,amati1 to take up ! /udy ( tone calibre z a matt] ( ess5tial importance1 9 ord] n only to keep pace ) ! times1 b if possible1 anticipate fur!r advances 9 musical developm5t4 ,x 0 daily becom+ m evid5t t ! qualities ( ref9em5t & sympa?y w\ld n 9 !mselves be suffici5t 9 an in/rum5t ) su* a future z ! viol9 seem$ to h4 ,melodic =ms 7 be+ modifi$1 :ile h>mony 0 becom+ m v>i$ & divid$4 ,! art ( appropriate phras+ 0 also be+ /udi$1 :ile practical musicians 7 b[+ to ! necessity ( leav+ old /]eotyp$ =ms = ^? hav+ m emotional qualities4 ,9 %ort1 ! viol9 want$ 9 ,cremona 0 "o ( sub/antial p[] & suitable = m dramatic expression on ! "p ( ! p]=m]4 ,to br+ =? a viol9 ( ?is desirable type1 ,/radiv>i direct$ 8 en]gies4 ,) :at measure ( success1 ! :ole musical _w up to ! pres5t day h emphatically decl>$4 ,n[1 we may ask1 0 ! diff]5ce ( tone betwe5 ! viol9s ( ,/radiv>i & ^? ( ! o!r mak]s ( ! ,brescian1 ,cremonese1 ,v5etian1 ,milanese1 or ,neapolitan s*ool1 9 consequ5ce ( ! tonal diff]5ce betwe5 ! upp] & l[] table1 z suppos$ to h be5 discov]$ by ! mod]n ,p>isian inve/igator8 0 x result+ f ! correct air mass inside8 ! relative ?ickness ( ! tables1 or we may z well include ! /raight & f9e gra9 !ori/s1 ! amb] v>ni% 9 ! wood !ori/s1 ! wood ( great age !ori/s1 & ! g5]ations ( use !ori/s1 & la/ly ^? :o mix !m altoge!r4 ,if ,/radiv>i practically work$ ^u "o1 "s or all ( ^! !ories1 !re is /ill m my/]y conc]n+ ! close proximity at :i* 8 pupils or assi/ants arriv$1 sev]al ( :om we might conclude 7 possess$ ( all necess>y means ( acquir+ to ! full _! ma/]'s excell5cies4 ,j = a mom5t or two we may turn aside & notice ! k9d ( v>iation or ! di/+ui%+ diff]5ce betwe5 ! tone 9 ! g5]al acceptation ( ! t]m--( ,antonio ,/radiv>i & o!r mak]s1 or1 z "t has prov$1 ma/]s ( _! art1 if n on an equal /&+ ) him4 ,!re is frequ5tly among musicians a disposition to set d[n z inf]ior any tone t may seem to diff] 9 degree or k9d ) t ( ,/radiv>i2 t is ! ideal type1 x mu/ be ,/radiv>i & no o!r2 "s h ev5 gone s f> z to say1 !re is only "o quality1 t ( ,/radiv>i1 & :5 o!r ma/]s did n produce x1 !y 7 unable to d s2 ?is is m ?an a h9t at condemnation ( ! head ( ! ,cremona s*ool z hav+ be5 v lax 9 ! prop] & ?\ghtful tra9+ ( 8 numb] ( pupils2 ?is latt] an almo/ necess>y consequ5ce ( em95t rank1 tak5 ap>t f ! usual assi/ance f\nd to be obligatory f pressure ( "w4 ,if we glance ov] ! ,italian s*ools tak5 "o aft] ano!r1 ! facts1 if ackn[l$g$1 w be se5 to po9t 9 o!r directions4 ,tak+ = in/ance ! ,milanese ma/]1 ,lor5zo ,guadagn9i1 :o tells u himself t he le>nt 8 art "u ,antonio ,/radiv>i1 we f9d di/9ct traces ( x 9 8 tone1 ! g5]al calibre is ! same & mo/ ( ! f9e1 di/+ui%+ features notic$ 9 ! tone produc$ by 8 ma/]2 ! diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 is t :i* is peculi> to ! ma/] mak]s ( ,milan1 t ( a slightly less re$y emission ( s\nd4 ,"s h call$ x h>d]1 :i* is n a correct description4 ,*ords are produc$ ) x z easily & r\ndly z ) any o!r1 ! individual notes bl5d beautifully & give an impression ( homog5e\sness 9 no wise inf]ior to any?+ produc$ 9 ,italy4 ,!re 0 no app>5t difficulty 9 ! way ( ,milan acquir+ & cultivat+ ! v>iety ( ,italian tone kn[n z ! ,cremonese _h !y be5 s dispos$2 we are !re=e l$ to inf] t ea* place ) its musical _w held its own op9ions z to ! mo/ satisfactory quality ( tone = its purpose & consid]$ x ! be/4 ,milan is situat$ 9 ,lomb>dy1 nor?-we/ ( ,cremona1 & di/ant f x betwe5 =ty & fifty miles2 n a v long way at any "t1 b q suffici5t = ea* place to cultivate or indulge 9 any arti/ic or musical fancies or :ims indep5d5tly ( ! o!r4 ,we f9d mak] aft] mak] 9 ,milan keep+ )9 c]ta9 limits z reg>ds ! quality ( tone produc$ !re2 ,i d n "k ( "o ^: in/rum5ts emitt$ o!r ?an ! ,milanese quality4 ,we may1 ,i ?9k1 safely assume t s f> f loosely & sup]ficially in/ruct+ 8 pupils1 ,/radiv>i's tuition 0 ( a deep]1 f>-rea*+ k9d ?an has ev] be5 suspect$4 ,if ! tone ( ,lor5zo ,guadagn9i is comp>$ ) t ( ! mak]s :o 7 work+ 9 ,milan :5 he arriv$1 x w n be difficult to p]ceive t ! ,milanese type is /ill reta9$1 al?\gh mu* enl>g$ & matur$1 9 fact become fre%ly develop$1 ?r[+ out ! additional qualities = ! obta9+ ( :i* ! great ma/] ( ,cremona _h c>efully tra9$ 8 gift$ pupil4 ,all ?is is n 9 ! lea/ int]f]$ ) by ! fact ( ,joannes ,batti/a ,guadagn9i's tone diff]+ 9 "s respects--& m at times--) t ( 8 fa!r1 b r help$ by x2 bo? ass]t on _! tickets t !y 7 in/ruct$ by ,/radiv>i1 & bo? %[ ! results ( _! tra9+ 9 t l>g5ess & impressiv5ess :i* is s mu* belov$ ( viol9i/s & :i* )\t d\bt came f _! great tea*]4 ,josef1 ! son ( ,joannes ,batti/a ,guadagn9i1 appe>s also to h ei!r be5 in/ruct$ by ,/radiv>i or to h assi/$ "u 8 p]sonal sup]vision--:i* w\ld am\nt to mu* ! same ?+4 ,we may p]ceive 9 ! tone ( ?is mak] also ! influ5ce ( ! great ma/] 9 ! same directions z are manife/$ 9 ! works ( 8 fa!r & gr&fa!r1 !y are all ( ! ,/radiv>ian s*ool4 ,let u n[ turn 9 ano!r direction4 ,alex&ri ,gagliano ( ,naples tells u t he too 0 a pupil ( ,/radiv>i1 & look+ at 8 "w !re is no?+ ab\t x inconsi/5t ) 8 /atem5t2 8 typical design is =m$ ^u t ( ,/radiv>i1 & _m ( 8 details ( workman%ip are su* z c only h be5 c>ri$ out z ! result ( ei!r a l5g?y /udy1 or f be+ "u ! imm$iate sup]vision ( ! ma/]4 ,! quality ( tone produc$ by ! ,neapolitans is z di/9ct z possible f t ( ,milan1 x is cle>1 lively1 sugge/ive ( a sunny clime1 & free 9 its emission1 b leaves an impression on ! e> ( a lack ( suffici5t pr(undity1 ne>ly ! opposite 9 fact ( ! e>ly ,brescian s*ool4 ,"h ! be/ ( ! ,gaglianos--= x is n at all c]ta9 t !re 7 n m ?an two ( !m assi/+ at diff]5t times 9 ,/radiv>i's ateli]--br\ght ! same k9d ( improvem5t to ,naples z ! ,guadagn9is did to ,milan1 ! scale 0 bett] regulat$ s z to give great] bread? ( effect1 not)/&+ ! g5]al quality--seem+ly native to ! place--be+ un9t]f]$ )4 ,"h !n 0 ! influ5ce ( ,/radiv>i hav+ taught 8 pupils ! means :]eby ! p>ticul> tone quality mo/ appreciat$ 9 ! locality c\ld be br\ght =w>d 9 its mo/ develop$1 or mature condition4 ,c>lo ,b]gonzi we %all h to consid] m fully fur!r on1 & = ! pres5t only ref] to him z a pupil or assi/ant mu* m 9 imm$iate connection ) ! ateli] ( ,/radiv>i ?an any mak] kn[n to u4 ,irregul> workman z he 01 sway$ ab\t ?is way & t by matt]s unkn[n to u1 he kept /eadfa/ to ! ,/radiv>ian l9es to ! end4 ,! re/ ( 8 family 7 ei!r 8 own pupils1 or !y may h ev5 be5 at times ) 8 ma/]1 z !y all--s f> z ,i am acqua9t$ ) !m--are ( ! same s*ool4 ,^! p>ticul>s all po9t 9 "o direction--t ,/radiv>i 0 n anxi\s & made no special ef=ts at introduc+ any new k9d ( tone--developm5t ( t already 9 exi/5ce 0 8 aim1 & on ?is l9e he appe>s to h l$ 8 imm$iate or p]sonal pupils4 ,!re is great probability t "s v clev] workm5 ^: names are lo/ to u1 7 ) ,/radiv>i = a "t1 long or %ort1 & 7 able to imbibe ! valuable precepts enjo9$ simil>ly on ! o!r disciples4 ,x is n at pres5t kn[n :e!r ! sons ( ,/radiv>i _h pupils or assi/ants1 ! r>ity ( _! "w seems to po9t to ! contr>y2 _! fa!r hav+ be5 s successful f ! comm]cial po9t ( view1 ap>t f ! high] aspect ( 8 c>e]1 !re may h be5--we might say--! usual disposition among/ sons ( successful fa!rs to take life m easily & repose among ! laurels won = !m1 requir+ only a little c>etak+4 ,!re is "s possibility ( ,?omas ,bale/ri]i1 ( ,mantua1 hav+ work$ = a "t "u ,/radiv>i1 b n z a pupil2 !re is mu* 9 8 "w sugge/ive ( ?is !ory4 ,8 tone quality does n belong to ! ,amati s*ool1 9 :i* tradition has x he 0 tra9$4 ,he may h gone z help to ,/radiv>i--= loose z 0 8 g5]al t5d5cy1 he c\ld "w f9ely :5 ! fit 0 on him4 ,:e!r he w5t or n1 !re rema9s tone quality evid5ce ( ! /rong influ5ce ( ,/radiv>i1 besides ! ?r[+ aside ( ! ,amati traditions conc]n+ proportions1 curves & ar*+s4 ,( ! o!r places to :i* p]sonal pupils ( ! ma/] w5t1 we may take a pass+ glance at ,g5oa1 a city n replete ) mak]s ( ref9em5t1 or num]\s1 b nev]!less ) "s /]l+ qualities4 ,among !m & ! mo/ ,/raddy is ,b]n>dus ,calcanius2 8 e>lie/ dates1 if we c rely ^u !m1 & !y may prove at any mom5t to h be5 e>li] ?an hi!rto kn[n1 almo/ preclude ! possibility ( 8 hav+ work$ "u ,/radiv>i except z a y\?4 ,! influ5ce ( ! ma/] is1 h[ev]1 decid$ly p>am\nt 9 8 "w & no o!r t5d5cy be+ noticeable1 if n an imm$iate pupil1 he took all possible pa9s to acquire ! excell5cies t 7 to 8 k peculi> to ,/radiv>i alone4 ,among ! ,v5etian mak]s !re does n seem to be "o t c--f 8 /yle & workman%ip--be pick$ out z %[+ all necess>y evid5ce ( 8 hav+ qualifi$ "u ! great ,cremonese z a p]sonal pupil4 ,nev]!less !re is mu* indication1 & su* z _c be pass$ ov]1 ( ! influ5ce ( ,/radiv>i among ! ari/ocracy ( ! bus9ess !re4 ,?is 0 n1 z 9 ! in/ances ( ! o!r s*ools ( viol9 mak+ outside ,cremona1 9 ! fir/ t5 ye>s ( ! c5tury1 b aft] ! diff]5t individuals ( ! gr\p ( em95t ,v5etians mu/ h be5 well kn[n & ( e/abli%$ reputation4 ,9 ?is !re is "s app>5t indication ( "o if n m ( ! p>ty hav+ tak5 a trip to ,cremona & br\ght back a few h9ts ( no inconsid]able value1 p]haps receiv$ p]sonally f ! ma/]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ?is 0 n ! case1 8 works mu/ h be5 br\ght into ,v5ice & _! m]its arti/ically z well z ac\/ically well ?\ght ov]4 ,! outcome 0 a *ange1 ! ,amati g5ius hi!rto presid+ un9t]f]$ )1 seem+ly immutable1 _h to give way to t :i* 0 pron\nc$ an improvem5t or a /ep high] 9 ! progress ( ! liut>o's art4 ,z 9 ,cremona1 ! ,amati *>act]i/ics 7 too deeply root$ 9 ! affections ( ! ,v5etians to be eradicat$1 & we consequ5tly f9d 9 ! designs ( a few ( ! prom95t mak]s ! /rong influ5ce ( ,/radiv>i 9 conflict ) t ( ,nicolas ,amati1 & ! two sway+ 9 balance ) ! settl$ convictions ( ! foll[]s ( ,jacobus ,/a9]4 ,hav+ n[ tak5 a glance r\nd at ! *ief c5tres ( viol9 mak+ t _h dur+ ,/radiv>i's lifetime be5 /rongly influ5c$ by him1 directly by means ( 8 pupils or indirectly by ! arrival !re ( 8 works1 we may note t 8 qualities arti/ically or ac\/ically consid]$1 :ile giv+ him a comm&+ position1 did n rea* s f> z to annihilate1 dur+ competition1 ^? ( ! ,amatis1 especially :]e ! latt] _h be5 ( long /&+ & foll[$ e>ne/ly 9 detail1 !y kept side by side z 9 ,cremona4 ,! influ5ce ( ,/radiv>i beyond ! bord]s ( ,italy _h yet to receive its due ackn[l$gm5t f ! cr[ds ( imitators :i* h n[ become kn[n or h pu%$ !mselves 9 front ( ! public gaze4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,reput$ ,,gold5 ,,p]iod ,,( ,,/radiv>i ,,late ,,9 ,,life--,,8 ,,lat] ,,modifications ,,( ,,design--,,signs ,,( ,,old ,,age ,,appe>+--,,! ,,help ,,he ,,receiv$4 ,we c n[ return back to ,cremona1 :]e we left ! ma/] 9 :at might almo/ be t]m$ ! heydey ( success1 z he seems to h _h full obeisance z ! reign+ *ief among liut>os4 ,! am\nt ( "w put =w>d--e/imat+ c>efully by :at rema9s to u aft] ! lapse ( "s hundr$ & eighty ye>s or m--mu/ h be5 possibly l>g] ?an is suspect$ & n[ might appe> incr$ible if x 7 catalogu$ 9 detail1 7 x n = ! extreme probability t m9or or m]e me*anical p>ts ( ! _m in/rum5ts o!r ?an viol9s1 violas1 or violoncellos 7 effectively c>ri$ out "u ! sup]vision ( ,antonio ,/radiv>i1 8 sons & assi/ants1 ( ^! probably :at "u ! circum/ances might ev5 be t]m$ a num]\s /aff4 ,! p]iod #agjj to #agbe has be5 ref]r$ to by "s writ]s z ! gold5 p]iod ( ,/radiv>i1 n inaptly if we are to und]/& x 9 a pecuni>y s5se1 z 8 income at ! "t 0 no d\bt ( a v satisfactory nature1 b if tak5 f ! /&po9t ( arti/ic elegance & f9i% 9 detail ! ma/] himself seems to h _h "s slight misgiv+s1 z !re are well-kn[n indications 9 8 latt] days ( hav+ us$ "s ( 8 e>ly patt]ns1 z if a desire _h aris5 9 8 m9d to return to 8 old love4 ,t "s signs ( advanc+ age %\ld n be app>5t 9 ,/radiv>i's "w dur+ ! p]iod ( #agae to #agbe w\ld sc>cely be expect$4 ,x is j at ?is "t1 h[ev]1 t he gives ! /ronge/ evid5ce ( be+ ! extraord9>y man t he 04 ,9 #agae & !reab\ts1 a "t ( all o!rs1 "s critics might put x1 :5 8 mo/ magnific5t gems ( art 7 s5t out into ! _w1 he 0 a vet]an sev5ty-"o ye>s1 a "t ( life t few p w\ld look =w>d to z be+ appropriate = execut+ unrivall$ ma/]pieces1 b r z hav+ = "s "t retir$ = f9al re/ aft] a full complem5t ( work+ days2 "h1 h[ev]1 0 a pe]less arti/ actually 9 8 prime6 & z busy1 possibly s1 z at any e>ly times4 ,at #agbj to #agbe a close /ud5t ( 8 "w ( h& may disc]n "s signs ( :at 0 to foll[1 x might be said naturally4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! purfl+ gradually assumes a heavi] aspect1 x is a trifle bold] or ?ick] 9 sub/ance1 al?\gh s5t r\nd ! bord]s ( ! in/rum5t ) app>5tly ! same ma/]ly h&l+ & iron n]v\sness ( ! prec$+ ye>s4 ,! edg+ is also a degree /\t]4 ,occasionally ! corn]s are made to a m obtuse angle1 add+ to ! :ole design a m /olid look1 z if m]e elegance 0 ab\t to be ?r[n aside & m simplicity & gr&eur 7 be+ s\ght =4 ,?is 0 n cont9u$1 ! ma/] seem$ afraid ( go+ too f> t[>ds heav9ess1 he !re=e cauti\sly )drew to 8 own old l9es4 ,sometimes--possibly tak+ up & con/ruct+ ^u "s ( 8 old & e>ly m\lds--! corn]s are br\ght out m prom95tly1 b ) m sub/ance ?an 9 8 e>ly days2 ! result is delightful = ! connoisseur's eye4 ,accompany+ ^! m9ute modifications !re w be notic$ an increase slight & gradual 9 ! expression ( heav9ess 9 ! s\nd holes4 ,if possible !re is m fre$om f m]e symmetrical proportion1 !y are plac$ less accurately level1 "o be+ a trifle high] ?an ! o!r1 ?is by ! bye 0 common ) him at all times1 al?\gh usually ) a subtlety t left !m unnotic$ by an ord9>y obs]v]4 ,?is slight irregul>ity has be5 sometimes mis9t]pret$ z "o ( ! little secrets ( ! ma/] :]eby he obta9$ 8 excell5t sonority2 discov]$ 0 ! exclamation1 & a new rule laid d[n on ,/radiv>i's l9es--nev] place y\r s\nd holes on ! same level1 always "o a trifle high] & y w get :at ! ma/] 0 s fam\s =4 ,! result1 s f>1 has be5 a disappo9tm5t :i* laid b>e "s evid5ce t ^! ov] zeal\s en?usia/s 7 n suffici5tly acqua9t$ ) ! canons ( ,italian art4 ,!re 0 ano!r peculi>ity creep+ on ) reg>d to ^! s\nd holes--t ( an enl>gem5t ( ! curve oppos+ ! l[] w+1 at fir/ x gave a m /aid aspect to ! "p1 !re 0 less sprightl9ess & y\? ab\t x1 nev]!less x 0 f9e at times1 ev5 magnific5t1 !re be+ /ill ! same det]m9ation ( purpose1 t ( comb9+ maturity ( elegance ) /r5g?4 ,aft]w>ds1 ! *ange--& if all ! works ( ^! lat] ye>s c\ld be se51 sav$ f ! de/ructive ravages ( "t & we>1 x w\ld be pron\nc$ sc>cely p]ceptible 9 its progressive degrees--came creep+ on1 old age gradually ins9uat+ itself 9 ! me*anical "p ( ! design4 ,f #agbe to #agcg 0 a "t =m+ a proportion ( ,/radiv>i's c>e] dur+ :i*1 if he ar\ses less en?usiasm among 8 admir]s = ! "w ( h&1 he outbalances x by f> 9 excit+ our a/oni%m5t at ! man himself4 ,9 ! ye> #agbe1 he 0 !n eighty-"o ye>s ( age1 & 8 "w1 reg>d$ f ! /&po9t ( p]iods z giv51 or arbitr>ily laid d[n by critics ( ! fir/ half ( ! pres5t c5tury1 0 :at is n[ kn[n z j pa/ ! gold5 or gr& p]iod2 t is1 "s signs ( decad5ce 9 ! f9i% ( ! in/rum5ts :i* he s5t =? 7 = ! fir/ "t becom+ app>5t4 ,x is g5]ally believ$ t ,/radiv>i 0 /ill indu/ri\sly engag$ 9 con/ruct+ in/rum5ts ( diff]5t k9ds & sizes z be=e1 & t 8 "t 0 occupi$ to ! full 9 produc+ works 9 rapid succession1 z 9 an un9t]rupt$ /ream4 ,t ! fir/ "p ( ?is 0 probably q true we c readily agree to1 also t ! out-put 0 cont9u\s4 ,bo?1 h[ev]1 w ne$ a little qualification :5 ! surr\nd+ circum/ances are c>efully weigh$4 ,all[+ ! ma/] possession ( unusual m5tal & physical p[]s1 ) zeal unabat$ at ! p]iod includ$ )9 ! dates #agbe & #agce1 x w\ld be too mu* = u to believe him capable ( work+ ) ! c]ta9ty & cel]ity ( =m] ye>s2 ) all 8 extraord9>y abilities he w\ld n[ be a less prolific work]4 ,?is is 9 agreem5t ) ! numb] ( works t h come d[n to u1 & z ! "t advanc$ x became less & less until a v]itable specim5 ( 8 late/ p]iod is extremely r>e4 ,x has be=e be5 ref]r$ to t ! sons ( ,/radiv>i work$ ) him = _m ye>s4 ,!y mu/ h1 f cont9ual practice1 be5 able to fit _! own workman%ip on to ! designs ( _! fa!r to a nicety t c\ld n be surpass$4 ,_! own individual designs are v seldom se51 consequ5t1 no d\bt1 on s mu* ( _! "t be+ devot$ to help+ _! fa!r1 & until 8 dea? !y mu/ h r>ely made on _! own acc\nt4 ,!re 7 o!r assi/ants :o l5t a help+ h& 9 diff]5t bran*es ( ! "w1 among :om we w n omit m5tion ( ,c>lo ,b]gonzi1 a great ma/] himself1 b little inf]ior to ,/radiv>i1 & a good deal bett] ?an ei!r ( ! sons4 ,! circum/ances "u :i* ,c>lo ,b]gonzi work$ 9 ! ,/radiv>i e/abli%m5t are n kn[n2 x is by no means c]ta9 t he receiv$ 8 e>ly tuition 9 ! place1 b t he became an influ5ce ( consid]able weight admits ( no "q4 ,:e!r he work$ on ! premises1 or--8 own be+ at "o "t or o!r next door--0 an outside help no data is to h& t we c rely on1 c]ta9 x is t 8 tal5t mu/ h be5 fully recognis$ by ! y\ng] ,/radiv>is z _! "w decl>es4 ,_m ye>s back !re 0 "s discussion ab\t conc]n+ ! ext5t to :i* ,c>lo ,b]gonzi help$1 or :at "p he und]took1 if x 7 admitt$ t "s ( ! ,/radiv>i viol9s ( ! late/ p]iod 7 n entirely ! "w ( ! ma/]4 ,!re 0 mu* said = & aga9/ ! possibility or probability ( !re be+ any ( ,c>lo ,b]gonzi's h&iwork to be se5 on any ( ! late ,/rads4 ,no "o seems to h que/ion$ ! pres5ce ( ! influ5ce ( ,b]gonzi's /yle 9 ! "w ( ,franciscus ,/radiv>i1 ! elde/ ( ! sons1 :o1 aft] lab\r+ = _m ye>s on 8 fa!r's m\lds & patt]ns1 might h reasonably be5 tempt$ to take a leaf f ! book ( su* a ma/] 9 design+ z 8 fri5d & fell[-assi/ant1 ,c>lo ,b]gonzi4 ,to take any sort ( h9t f t wond]ful1 al?\gh fitful g5ius1 ,giuseppe ,gu>n]i1 work+ )9 e>%ot1 0 n to be ent]ta9$ = a mom5t1 z ! /yle ( workman%ip1 ! calibre & quality ( tone belong+ to 8 mann]1 0 q oppos$ to ,/radiv>ian tea*+1 & besides :i* !re are no records or traditions indicat+ ev5 usual social int]c\rse4 ,we are !re=e ?r[n ^u our own res\rces 9 e/imat+ any connection ( ,c>lo ,b]gonzi ) ! late "w ( ,antonio ,/radiv>i4 ,! in/rum5ts !mselves w be ! only guide &1 )\t d\bt1 9 ! face ( o!r evid5ce1 _h x be5 pres5t1 ! be/4 ,/radiv>i's "w dur+ ! la/ t5 or m ye>s ( 8 life 0 %[+ exactly :at we %\ld expect ( ! man :5 work+ at a patri>*al age4 ,! /amp ( ! vet]an h&icraftsman may be trac$ n unfrequ5tly on ! works ( o!r em95t mak]s ( ,cremona1 includ+ ,&reas1 ,hi]onymus1 ,nicolas1 & 8 son ,hi]onymus & o!rs d[n to ! late/ p]iod ( ,cremonese art1 :5 ,laur5tius ,/orioni 0 prov+ t if 9 its la/ /ruggles x 0 n q dead4 ,! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics ( old age "w may be briefly summ$ up 9 a few words--heav9ess 9 design & unc]ta9ty ( execution4 ,good1 ev5 brilliant1 conceptions may be />t$ on new "w1 b ! execution ( !m %[s weakness1 or ev5 inability to c>ry !m out well4 ,we w apply ?is z a k9d ( te/ :5 ov]look+ ! specim5s h&$ d[n to u z be+ ! production ( ! great ,cremonese ma/] at ! age ( betwe5 eighty & n9ety-?ree ye>s ( age4 ,if do+ ?is simply f ! connoisseur's po9t ( view1 )\t admitt+ any su* influ5ces z pres5t or pa/ monet>y value1 =m] own]%ip1 9 %ort1 ?ru/+ aside all consid]ations ( p$igree1 we %all soon h to divide !m into two sections1 "o ( :i* w be ackn[l$g$ by all connoisseurs to be really repres5tative ( ! true ,/radiv>ian mann] adh]$ to /rictly ?r\gh a long work+ c>e]1 b ) ! only fault ( n q s well be+ said ( x4 ,?us ! s\nd holes1 z be=e ref]r$ to 9 ! trac+s1 7 becom+ heavi] at ! l[] "p & ) a t5d5cy 9 o!r details t[>ds rugg$ness4 ,! v>ni% has a ?ick] & less da9ty aspect1 al?\gh ( excell5t quality /ill1 b !re is an impression ( heav9ess4 ,9 ! c>v+ ( ! scroll ! same "* prevails1 ! edges ( ! turns are /\t] & at ! back ! grooves d[n to ! %ell are less ref9$ 9 _! execution4 ,all ^! little specialities ( t\*1 b no modifications1 are ! natural manife/ation ( ! peculi> physical condition ( ! ma/] at a v advanc$ age4 ,let u n[ turn to ! o!r section1 t ov] "s ( :i* !re is excell5t reason = disputation1 ov] o!rs none4 ,x w be readily acc$$ t ,/radiv>i at no "t dur+ 8 c>e] ev] fav\r$ any exagg]ation ( curve 9 ! design ( 8 s\nd holes1 !re 0 always pres5t ! indication ( a desire = a f9e balance ( p>ts1 9 fact1 8 ideal seems always to h be5 t ( increas+1 if possible1 ! elegance ( ! ,amati s\nd holes :ile add+ to its sub/antial aspect4 ,9 "s ( :at we h call$ ! second section we f9d a lively1 f9e & ri* transp>5t v>ni% su* z ,c>lo ,b]gonzi 0 p>ticul>ly an adept at2 on ! same in/rum5t w be s\nd holes1 t a mom5t's consid]ation w remove any hesitation z to ! design be+ o!r ?an ,c>lo ,b]gonzi4 ,z ?is rem>kable arti/ _h sev]al types ( s\nd holes1 & no "o kn[s h[ _m subtypes1 at 8 f+] ends1 a little k ( 8 two mo/ opposite ones w br+ at once to m9d t he mu/ h _h a h& 9 no inconsid]able portion ( :at is call$ ,/radiv>i's late "w1 z "h is f\nd ! incl9+ inw>ds ( 8 s\nd holes ) ! small] upp] "p & heavi] l[] end4 ,?is w be f\nd accompani$ by ! squ>e look+ upp] "p ( ! wai/ curve1 ! two ?+s be+ alone almo/ suffici5t to /amp ! :ole z be+ by ,c>lo ,b]gonzi1 b "h p$igree has /epp$ 9 & x 0 always call$ a ,/radiv>i4 ,?is is ! "o type ( s\nd holes :i* has to be plac$ aside = a mom5t2 ! o!r type is ( an opposite k9d & v (t5 to be se5 accompany+ ! long] look+ patt]n ( ,c>lo ,b]gonzi3 x is free 9 design1 hav+ ! upp] & l[] w+s fully develop$1 t is1 ! /raight cut ( ! w+ is ( full l5g?1 ?is individuality com+ f ,/radiv>i4 ,x is ?is portion ( ! details ( ! design t has l$ s _m ,/ud5ts ( ! works ( ! ,cremonese ma/]s a/ray1 !y see ! ,/radiv>ian design1 or we may call x peculi>ity1 & too ha/ily conclude z to its be+ ! actual "w ( h& ( ! ma/]4 ,a little fur!r consid]ation ( ! adjo9+ portions ( ! s\nd holes w\ld br+ to m9d h[ little ,/radiv>i 0 dispos$ t[>ds any ?9ness ( ! op5+ out ( ! "p lead+ f ! w+ to ! nicks3 if he _h a t5d5cy "o way or ! o!r1 x w\ld be t[>ds m fulness1 b 8 ideal be+ a beautiful equilibrium ( all p>ts1 ?is is cle>ly a po9t tell+ aga9/ ! "w z com+ f 8 h& entirely4 ,!re is ano!r "p1 too1 t ,/radiv>i seems to h mo/ e>ne/ly avoid$1 t ( mak+ ! top portion ( ! s\nd hole design rea* ov] t[>ds ! c5tre1 some:at aft] ! t5d5cy ( ,&rea ,gu>n]i1 ?is causes ! l[] "p to seem turn$ up m sudd5ly1 x is1 h[ev]1 only by contra/ betwe5 ! two p>ts t ?is is s4 ,c>lo ,b]gonzi's s\nd holes are m sprightly & v]tical1 & ) _! m mature /yle %\ld n be confus$ ) ^? ( ! prec$+ mak]4 ,"h1 !n1 are two di/9ct types ( s\nd holes indep5d5tly ( ^? ref]r$ to ( e>li] p]iods1 to be se5 atta*$ to viol9s t h p]haps ?r\gh sev]al g5]ations ( own]s be5 attribut$ to ,antonio ,/radiv>i1 & 9 consequ5ce be5 sold aga9 & aga9 = l>ge sums4 ,"h is evid5ce ( !re be+ some?+ 9 a "n4 ,_h ^! in/rum5ts be5 c>efully & prop]ly analys$1 ) a /rict reg>d to ! habit ( ! ma/] 9 respect ( int5tion 9 design & execution at e>ly & lat] p]iods1 ! mi/ake w\ld n h occurr$4 ,! conclusions ru%$ at seem to h be5 t !re 0 ! prop] age ( ! in/rum5t1 ! v>ni% 0 ( f9e ,cremonese type1 ! patt]n & s\nd holes ?\ght to be ,/raddy1 !re=e x mu/ be a ,/radiv>i4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is no obta9able evid5ce t ^! viol9s did n issue 9 new condition f ,/radiv>i's ateli]2 we h 9 previ\s pages consid]$ ! am\nt ( help at 8 elb[1 & t ?is w\ld be m & m call$ into requisition is b a reasonable conjecture3 t x 0 actually ! case is help$ by ! fact ( viol9s be+ extant 9 :i* ! age ( ! ma/] is /at$ on ! ticket--presumably writt5 by himself4 ,possibly he felt "s degree ( pride 9 hav+ accompli%$1 at ! patri>*al age ( ab\t n9ety ye>s1 "w g5]ally associat$ ) ! "t & vig\r ( middle age4 ,! exi/5ce ( ^! viol9s1 !re may h be5 sev]al m made ?an are kn[n1 has mu* significance1 = ! fact ( 8 age be+ ins]t$ may be fairly tak5 z indirect evid5ce n to be lightly put aside1 t !y 7 by himself look$ ^u z an accompli%$ "w q out ( 8 usual way4 ,_h he be5 con/antly putt+ =? in/rum5ts made by 8 own h&s1 !re w\ld n h be5 any?+ unusual ab\t !m1 b ^!1 ) date & age m>k$1 seem to be a decl>ation ( ! ma/]--see--,i h made a viol9 at ! age "h /at$6 ,9 ^! !re is pres5t exactly :at w\ld be expect$ 9 su* "w--indication ( insuffici5cy ( ! physical p[]s = c>ry+ into execution ! dictates ( ! m5tal4 ,! intellect ( ?is wond] ( humanity appe>s to h rema9$ uncl\d$ to ! la/4 ,! o!r viol9s ( ab\t ! same epo*1 & go+ "u ! ma/]'s "n1 h a mann] ( "w t ought to h be5 p]ceiv$ z be+ also di/9ct4 ,m]e ha/9ess or slov5l9ess ( "w is n id5tical ) ! effect ( inability to a*ieve me*anical neatness4 ,x is ?is slov5l9ess ( h&iwork :i* ,c>lo ,b]gonzi gave way to s frequ5tly2 he c\ld1 :5 9 ! hum\r1 "w beautifully2 ?is1 ) 8 f9e p]ception ( elegance ( l9e1 0 possibly ! secret ( 8 be+ admitt$ into ! ateli] ( ,/radiv>i & ( 8 influ5ce ov] ! sons4 ,!re may h be5 o!r special p>ticul>s reg>d+ him t help$ 9 ! matt] ( :i* !re does n appe> to be any record4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,evid5ces ,,9 ,,/radiv>i',s ,,"w ,,( ,,old ,,age--,,8 ,,dea? ,,& ,,burial--,,"w ,,left ,,by ,,him--,,! ,,advance ,,9 ,,value ,,( ,,8 ,,"w ,,s9ce ,,8 ,,decease4 ,return+ to ! analysis ( ! individuality ( ! me*anical "w on ! viol9s ( ! late/ epo* ( ,/radiv>i1 "o or two fur!r details are wor? consid]ation4 ,! size1 /yle & tool "w ( ! scroll h always be5 admitt$ to take up a l>ge %>e 9 ! e/imation ( evid5ce pres5t = id5tification ( au?or%ip4 ,9 "s ( ! late specim5s ( ,/radiv>i we c see at once t ! h& has become less firm1 ! bold turns seem to h lo/ mu* ( _! =m] vigor\s expression1 & al?\gh ?ick en\gh 9 edge are clos]1 & impress ! connoisseur ( ! inability ( ! artific] to sp5d m "t & att5tion ?an 0 absolutely necess>y4 ,! groove d[n ! back to ! %ell is less ref9$ ?an previ\sly1 besides be+ m heavily g\g$ at ! t]m9ation4 ,almo/ 9 contra/ ) ^! p>ts !re are se5 on o!r v late ,/rads a neatly cut %ell wid5+ out a trifle & m9us ! ?ick edg+2 an exam9ation ( ! turns ( ! scroll w reveal ! fact ( its hav+ be5 g\g$ 9 q a diff]5t mann]1 ! declevity be+ m concave1 ! result ( runn+ ! g\ge along ! c\rse in/ead ( t[>ds ! c5tre :i* 0 ! mann] ( ! ,amatis4 ,?is holl[+ out ( ! turns 0 s frequ5tly done by ,c>lo ,b]gonzi t x might be call$ 8 mo/ natural mode ( treatm5t2 we c "h see :at evid5ce !re is ( ?is mak]'s probable help 9 ! "w ( 8 ma/]4 ,if we admit ! possibility ( ^! be+ entirely ,antonio ,/radiv>i's h&iwork1 !n !re 7 m ph5om5al aspects ( ! ma/]'s work+ p[]s left = our consid]ation ?an he _h hi!rto giv5 ! slighte/ h9t ( dur+ 8 extraord9>ily long c>e]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,dom5ico4 ,tak+ !re=e all ! facts at our comm& 9 connection ) ! circum/ances ( ! "t1 & ! arti/ himself ) 8 ext5d$ life1 sift+ ^! c>efully we f9d ! residue left is1--t 8 work+ p[]s gradually less5$ 9 a p]fectly natural way & t su* entire "w z left 8 h&s dur+ ! la/ few1 say six or sev5 ye>s 01 tak5 at ! be/1 small 9 quantity2 !y came =? z f ! la/ flick]+ emb]s ( a decay+ p[] ^: influ5ce1 bequea!d to ! _w at l>ge1 0 de/9$ to increase indef9itely & ^: secrets 7 left unreveal$1 to be s\ght = e>ne/ly1 b 9 va91 by g5]ation aft] g5]ation4 ,"t1 he ) 8 h\r glass1 pass+ by ! home ( ,antonio ,/radiv>i 9 ,cremona1 f\nd him full ( ye>s & hon\r among 8 own little _w ( fri5ds & acqua9tances1 = beyond ! bord]s ( 8 c\ntry 8 "n c\ld h be5 kn[n to few1 & ^? only recognis+ him z a clev] & successful practition] 9 p]haps _! own craft2 8 _w wide fame _h z yet receiv$ b a slight impetus :5 x became kn[n t no m ( ! unapproa*able gems ( art 7 to issue f ! unassum+ h\se 9 ! squ>e ( ,s4 ,dom5ico1 ,cremona4 ,antonio ,/radiv>i di$ 9 8 #id? ye> at ,cremona on ! #ah? ( ,decemb]1 #agcg1 & 0 buri$ 9 ! *apel ( ! ,ros>y 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,san ,dom5ico4 ,?is *ur* 0 situat$ exactly opposite 8 h\se1 :]e1 /&+ at 8 door--z he mu/ h done _m a "t--! tomb :i* 0 to be 8 f9al re/+-place came directly on ! l9e ( vision 9 front ( him1 b )9 ! ?ird recess or *apel pa/ ! int]v5+ wall4 ,s f> z our scanty k goes1 !re 7 no circum/ances connect$ ) 8 dea? t call$ = any special notice at ! "t4 ,possibly little m 0 rem>k$ by ! neighb\rs ?an t ! ag$ musical in/rum5t mak] ( ! ,piazza di ,san ,dom5ico _h di$1 & 8 two sons 7 to c>ry on ! bus9ess4 ,p]haps none ( !m gave a ?\ght to ! imm5sely enhanc$ value ( ea* ( 8 works ( art--or z !y may h describ$ !m--! goods t he sold--t might be rema9+ two c5turies =w>d4 ,he _h liv$ to an almo/ patri>*al age1 ov] n9ety-?ree ye>s4 ,x is r>e to f9d 9 ! _w's hi/ory a lead+ light among pr(essors ( sci5ce or art complet+ su* a c>e] ( almo/ incessant lab\r bo? m5tal & physical4 ,x is /ill m s to f9d ! "w ( su* a g5ius1 l>ge z 0 ! quantity1 increas+ 9 value by leaps & b\nds z "t progress$ aft] 8 decease4 ,mo/ probably at ! pres5t day--suppos+ !re to be extant z mu* z "o-eigh? ( :at he put =?--& t may be v mu* ov] ! m>k1 ! m>ket value ( :at is recognis$ z 8 h&iwork w\ld /ill be a v long way above t ( ! :ole ( ! "w put =? ?r\gh\t 8 life4 ,x is on record t :5 he di$ !re 7 n9ety viol9s rema9+ unsold4 ,!re may be sev]al good reasons = ?is2 among !m ! fact t ,c>lo ,b]gonzi & ,joseph ,gu>n]i 7 work+ 9 rivalry at ! "t1 & bidd+ = public fav\r less on acc\nt ( f9e workman%ip ?an =ce & magnific5ce ( /yle & g5]al aspect1 & t public att5tion 0 to "s ext5t div]t$ 9 _! direction2 fur!r1 & p]haps m cog5t1 ! recognition ( ! great brilliancy & l>g5ess ( ,joseph ,gu>n]i's tone1 t mu/ h seem$ to ! musical cognosc5ti ( ,cremona rem>kably fre% & vigor\s4 ,b :5 ! ma/] _h dep>t$ x 0 n long be=e ! loss 0 se5 to be irrep>able4 ,8 "w 0 s\ght =1 !re be+ none o!r ( ! k9d to supply its place2 fur!r & fur!r z "t advanc$ x 0 becom+ m & m evid5t t 8 l 0 n to be hop$ =1 not)/&+ ! fav\r ) :i* ! public view$ ! two rivals :o 7 de/9$ to "w = a comp>atively %ort p]iod4 ,:5 ^! two at la/ disappe>$1 x 0 a signal = ano!r rise 9 ! monet>y value ( ,/radiv>i's "w1 & :i* 0 to cont9ue progress+ indef9itely until su* "t :5 !re may be signs ( an approa*+ r5aissance4 ,,footnote3 ,a ,our illu/ration ( ?is h\se is f a photo4 ,x w be notic$ t x has n an impos+ ext]ior & n mu* indication ( ! m spaci\s premises 9 ! re> :]e ! great ma/] work$4 ,,adv]tisem5ts4 ,,elev5? ,,ye> ,,( ,,issue4 ,! ,l>ge/ ,circulation 9 ! ,_w ( any pap] among/ ,viol9i/s4 ,,! ,,/rad ,a ,mon?ly ,j\rnal = ,pr(essionals & ,amateurs ( all ,/r+$ ,in/rum5ts play$ ) ! ,b[4 ,publi%$ on ! ,fir/ ( e ,mon?4 ,price #b;d41 ,annual ,subscription1 ,po/ ,free1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,/rad is ! only recognis$ organ ( ! /r+ family & has subscrib]s 9 e c\ntry ( ! civilis$ _w4 ,our circulation has increas$ to s great an ext5t t we are enabl$ to engage z contributors ,,! ,,lead+ ,,writ]s 9 ! ,,viol9 ,,_w4 ,! foll[+ em95t ,au?ors1 ,critics & ,play]s are writ+ = ! pap]3 ,,basil ,,al?aus1 ,,esq41 ,,ar?ur ,,broadley1 ,,esq41 ,,lanca/rian1 ,,&re ,,la ,,t>*e1 ,,esq41 ,,rob9 ,h4 ,,legge1 ,,esq41 ,j4 ,,mat!ws1 ,,esq41 ,,walt] ,h4 ,,mayson1 ,,esq41 ,,rev4 ,,m]$i? ,,morris1 ,,horace ,,pe!rick1 ,,esq41 ,,dr4 ,t4 ,l4 ,,phipson1 ,e4 ,,van ,,d] ,,/raet51 ,,esq41 c41 c4 ,,! ,,/rad conta9s te*nical articles by ! lead+ arti/s4 ,,! ,,/rad1 9 ! ,answ]s to ,correspond5ts column1 gives m9ute in=mation on e detail connect$ ) ! ,viol9 by ,exp]ts4 ,,! ,,/rad gives all ! important do+s ( ,viol9i/s at home & abroad all ! ye> r\nd4 ,,! ,,/rad gives e>ly critical notices ( all important ,new ,music = ,/r+$ ,in/rum5ts1 ) numb]s to %[ ! grade ( difficulty ( e piece4 ,,! ,,/rad gives e mon? a beautifully execut$ portrait on f9e art pap]1 ( "s lead+ celebrity 9 ! viol9 _w1 toge!r ) a biographical sket*4 ,n[ appe>+1 ,,viol9 ,,mak+4 ,,by ,,walt] ,h4 ,,mayson4 ,copi\sly ,illu/rat$4 ,?is important "w goes m9utely into e detail ( ! ,lu?i]'s ,art1 & is ! only "w on ,viol9 ,mak+ t has ev] be5 actually writt5 by a ,viol9 ,mak]4 ,?is s]ies ( articles comm5c$ 9 ! ,janu>y issue1 #aijj4 ,all ,subscriptions1 ,adv]tisem5ts1 etc41 to be address$ to ! ,manag]1 ,,h>ry ,,lav5d]1 #c4 ,gre5 ,t]race1 ,roseb]y ,av5ue1 ,london1 ,e4,c4 ,,london3 ,,/rad ,,(fice1 #c4 ,gre5 ,t]race1 ,roseb]y ,av5ue1 ,e4,c4 ,,! ,,/rad ,,libr>y1 ,no4 ,i4 ,cr[n #hvo41 ,clo?1 #b_/f1 ,po/ ,free1 #b_/i4 ,,! ,,/rad ,,libr>y ,,edition is ! only ,au?oris$ ,edition ( ,te*nics ( ,viol9 ,play+ ,,on ,,joa*im',s ,,me?od ,,by ,,c>l ,,c\rvoisi]4 ,) ,fold+ ,plates1 ,conta9+ ,fifte5 ,illu/rations4 ,,lett] ,,f ,,dr4 ,,joa*im ,,copy4 ,,my ,,de> ,,mr4 ,,c\rvoisi]3 ,i h read ! book on ,viol9 ,play+ y h s5t me1 & h to congratulate y s9c]ely on ! mann] 9 :i* y h p]=m$ a mo/ difficult task1 i4e41 to describe ! be/ way ( arriv+ at a correct mann] ( play+ ! viol94 ,x _c b be welcome to ?\ghtful tea*]s1 :o reflect on ! me?od ( our art1 & ,i hope t y\r "w w prove useful to _m /ud5ts4 ,believe me1 my de> ,mr4 ,c\rvoisi]1 to be mo/ fai?fully y\rs1 ,,joseph ,,joa*im4 ,b]l91 ,novemb] #crd1 #ahid4 ,! ,new & ,revis$ ,edition ( ,te*nics ( ,viol9 ,play+ issu$ by ,,! ,,/rad is ! only au?oris$ edition ( my "w4 ,! sev]al ,engli% editions :i* h all appe>$ )\t my k are incomplete & faulty4 ,,c>l ,,c\rvoisi]4 ,,london3 ,,/rad ,,(fice1 #c4 ,gre5 ,t]race1 ,roseb]y ,av5ue1 ,e4,c4 ,,! ,,/rad ,,libr>y1 ,no4 ,,ii4 ,cr[n #hvo41 ,clo?1 #b_/f1 ,po/ ,free1 #b_/i4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,/udy ,,! ,,viol9 ,by ,j4 ,t4 ,,c>rodus ,,cont5ts4 ,/r+s & ,tun+4 ,! ,b[ & ,b[+4 ,faults & _! ,correction4 ,scales & _! ,importance4 ,c\rse ( ,/udy4 ,advice on ,elem5t>y ,matt]s4 ,conc]n+ ,h>monics1 ,octaves1 etc4 ,or*e/ral ,play+4 ,"s ,exp]i5ces z a ,soloi/4 ,) full page portraits ( ,c>rodus1 ,molique1 ,pagan9i1 ,spohr1 ,sivori1 ,de ,b]iot1 ,blagrove & ,sa9ton1 & a photo-reproduction ( ,dr4 ,spohr's te/imonial to ,c>rodus4 ,an int]e/+ s]ies ( articles ',h[ to ,/udy ! ,viol91' :i* ,c>rodus contribut$ to ,,! ,,/rad1 & complet$ only a week or two be=e 8 dea?1 h n[ be5 collect$ 9 *eap book =m4 ,! te*nical h9ts to viol9 /ud5ts1 :i* are practical1 pla9ly word$1 & f su* a p5 mo/ valuable4--,daily ,news4 ,b a few weeks be=e 8 sudd5 dea? ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ( native viol9i/s complet$ 9 ,,! ,,/rad a s]ies ( *ats to /ud5ts ( ! in/rum5t associat$ ) 8 "n4 ,^! *ats are n[ re-issu$1 ) a sympa!tic preface & in/ructive annotations4 ,all :o c>e to li/5 to :at 7 virtually ! la/ words ( su* a consci5ti\s tea*] w recognise ! pa9s tak5 by ,c>rodus to r5d] e detail z cle> to ! novice z to ! advanc$ pupil4 ,pleasant gossip conc]n+ prov9cial fe/ivals at :i* ,c>rodus 0 = _m ye>s 'lead]1' ( ! or*e/ra1 ends a little volume wor?y a place 9 musical libr>ies bo? = its practical value & z a mem5to ( ! life-"w ( an arti/ univ]sally e/eem$4--,daily ,*ronicle4 ,x is surely1 h>dly necess>y to direct ! att5tion ( /ud5ts to ! unique value ( ! h9ts & advice giv5 by s exp]i5c$ & accompli%$ a virtuoso z ! late ,mr4 ,c>rodus1 s t x only rema9s to /ate t ! ',recollections' make delightful read+1 & t ! book1 z a :ole1 is z ent]ta9+ z x is in/ructive4 ,! value ( ! bro*ure is enhanc$ by an excell5t portrait ( ,mr4 ,c>rodus1 z well z ( a numb] ( o!r viol9 wor?ies1 & ! pr9t+1 pap]1 & get up g5]ally are good z c\ld possibly be4--,musical ,answ]s4 ,,london3 ,,/rad ,,(fice1 #c1 ,,gre5 ,,t]race1 ,,roseb]y ,,av5ue1 ,e4,c4 ,,! ,,/rad ,,libr>y1 ,no4 ,,iii4 ,cr[n #hvo41 ,clo? #b_/f1 ,po/ ,free #b_/i4 ,,! ,,b[ ,its ,hi/ory1 ,manufacture & ,use ,,by ,,h5ry ,,sa9t-,,george4 ,) ,full ,page ,illu/rations 7exact size7 by ,photo ,process4 ,,mons4 ,,emile ,,sauret writes--,i h read x ) great int]e/1 & ?9k t x supplies a real want 9 giv+ musicians su* an excell5t description ( all matt]s ref]r+ to ?is important in/rum5t4 ,,signor ,,guido ,,pap9i writes--,?anks s mu* = y\r spl5did & int]e/+ book4 ,y are q successful & all ! arti/s & amateurs are indebt$ to y = a s exact & correct ',texte' on ! subject4 ,,adolf ,,brodsky writes--,i am delight$ ) ! book & f9d x v in/ructive1 ev5 = ^? :o ?9k to "k ev]y?+ ab\t ! b[4 ,x is v orig9al & at times v amus+4 ,no viol9i/ %\ld miss ! opportunity to buy x4 ,,! ,,times4--,a useful treatise on ! ,b[1 9 :i* ! hi/ory1 manufacture & use ( ! b[ are discuss$ ) consid]able te*nical k4 ,,daily ,,telegraph4--,to ! /ud5t !re is mu* ( int]e/ 9 ! "w1 :i* has ! advantage ( be+ copi\sly illu/rat$4 ,,daily ,,news4--,?is book seems practically to exhau/ its subject4 ,,london3 ,,/rad ,,(fice1 #c4 ,gre5 ,t]race1 ,roseb]y ,av5ue1 ,e4,c4 ,,! ,,/rad ,,libr>y1 ,no4 ,,iv4 ,cr[n #hvo41 ,clo? #e_/-1 ,po/ ,free #e_/d4 ,,celebrat$ ,,viol9i/s1 ,,pa/ ,,& ,,pres5t ,translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ,a4 ,,ehrli*4 ,& ,edit$ ) ,notes & ,additions by ,,rob9 ,h4 ,,legge4 ,,) ,,eighty-,,n9e ,,portraits4 ,,press ,,notices4 ,^? :o love _! fiddles bett] ?an _! fell[s1 & :o treasure up e detail t c be f\nd & record$ ab\t _! fav\rite & *]i%$ play]s w n fail to provide !mselves ) a copy ( ?is book4--,musical ,op9ion4 ,?is book ( #bhj pages is a mo/ int]e/+ & valuable addition to ! viol9i/'s libr>y4 ,x conta9s #hi biographical sket*es ( well-kn[n arti/s1 anci5t & mod]n1 ( all nations4 ,?is is n int5d$ to be a p]fect diction>y ( viol9i/s2 ! aim ( ! ,editor ( ! pres5t volume be+ m]ely to give a few m up-to-date details conc]n+ "s ( ! greate/ ( /r+$ in/rum5t play]s1 & we mu/ conc$e t no "n ( ! fir/ importance has be5 omitt$4 ,g]many is repres5t$ by #ba names1 ,italy by #ac1 ,france by #aj1 ,engl& by #d1 ,bohemia by #h1 ,belgium by #g1 & ! fair sex by sev5 well-kn[n ladies1 su* z ,t]es9a ,tua1 ,!rese & ,m>ie ,milanollo1 ,lady ,halle1 ,m>ie ,soldat1 ,gabrielle ,wietr[etz1 & ,arma ,s5krah4 ,altoge!r ?is is mo/ agreeable read+ to ! num]\s army ( viol9i/s1 bo? pr(essionals & amateurs1 & aft] c>eful exam9ation we c f9d no?+ b praise = ?is translation into ,engli% ( a book well-kn[n on ! ,cont95t4--,! ,piano1 ,organ & ,music ,trades ,j\rnal4 ,,london3 ,,/rad ,,(fice1 #c4 ,gre5 ,t]race1 ,roseb]y ,av5ue1 ,e4,c4 ,,! ,,/rad ,,libr>y1 ,no4 ,v4 ,cr[n #hvo41 ,clo? #b_/f1 ,po/ ,free #b_/i4 ,,te*nics ,,( ,,violoncello ,,play+ ,,by ,e4 ,,van ,,d] ,,/raet54 ,,copi\sly ,,illu/rat$4 ,copy ( ,lett] receiv$ by ! ,au?or f ! great 'celli/1 ,,signor ,,alfr$ ,,piatti4 ,cad5abbia1 ,lake ( ,como1 ,m>* #i?1 #ahih4 ,,de> ,,sir1--,i receiv$ ! book y k9dly s5t me on ,! ,te*nics ( ,violoncello ,play+1 :i* ,i f\nd excell5t1 p>ticul>ly = beg9n]s1 :i* naturally 0 y\r scope4 ,) _m ?anks = k9dly rememb]+ an old ex-violoncello play]4 ,believe me1 y\rs s9c]ely1 ,,alfr$ ,,piatti4 ,copy ( ,lett] receiv$ by ! ,au?or f ! em95t 'celli/1 ,,h]r ,,david ,,popp]4 ,budape/1 ,febru>y #bbnd1 #ahih4 ,,de> ,,sir1--,9 s5d+ me y\r book on ,! ,te*nics ( ,violoncello ,play+ y h giv5 me a real & true pleasure4 ,i "k ( no "w1 tutors & /udies n except$1 :i* pres5ts s mu* valuable mat]ial1 s mu* t is absolutely to ! po9t1 avoid+--,i might say1 on pr9ciple--all t is sup]flu\s & disp5sable4 ,e e>ne/ ?9k+ violoncello /ud5t w 9 future make y\r book 8 own & !reby receive h9ts :i* w fur!r & complete ! in/ructions ( 8 ma/]4 ,i congratulate y & ourselves mo/ he>tily on ! new violoncello book4 ,) k9d reg>ds1 ,y\rs mo/ s9c]ely1 ,,david ,,popp]4 ,,london3 ,,/rad ,,(fice1 #c4 ,gre5 ,t]race1 ,roseb]y ,av5ue1 ,e4,c4 ,,! ,,/rad ,,libr>y1 ,no4 ,,vi4 ,cr[n #hvo41 ,clo?1 #b_/f1 ,po/ ,free #b_/i4 ,,viol9 ,,play+ ,,by ,,john ,,dunn ,,cont5ts ,,introductory--,qualities indisp5sable to ! ideal ,viol9i/--,h9ts on ! ,*oice ( a ,tea*]--,"s ,tricks ( pret5d+ pr(essors expos$4 ,,on ,,! ,,*oice ,,( ,a ,,viol9 ,,& ,,b[--,advice reg>d+ g5]al adju/m5t & repairs4 ,,on ,,! ,,*oice ,,( ,,/r+s--,/r++ ! ,in/rum5t & keep+ ! ,pegs 9 ,ord]4 ,,on ,,! ,,g5]al ,,po/ure--,! mann] ( hold+ ! ,viol9 & ,b[ z accept$ by ! lead+ arti/s ( ! day4 ,,on ,,f+]+ ,,g5]ally--,! v>i\s positions--,scales recomm5d$--,! ,mod]n ,or*e/ral ,pr9cipal or 7s-call$7 ,lead]4 ,,on ,,glid+--,special ,*>act]i/ics ( "s ( ! mo/ ,em95t ,play]s4 ,,d\ble ,,/opp+--,! ma9 difficulty 9 ,d\ble ,/opp+--,h[ to ga9 indep5d5ce ( ,f+]4 ,,b[+s--,smoo? ,b[+s--,solid ,/accato--,spiccato--,spr+ ,b[--,mix$ ,b[+s4 ,,tone ,,production--,"* ( ,tone--,rules & ,conditions necess>y to produce a good tone--,/yle & ,expression4 ,,london3 ,,/rad ,,(fice1 #c4 ,gre5 ,t]race1 ,roseb]y ,av5ue1 ,e4,c4 ,,! ,,/rad ,,libr>y1 ,no4 ,,vii4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ,clo?1 #b_/f1 ,po/ ,free #b_/i4 ,,*ats ,,to ',,cello ,,/ud5ts ,,by ,,ar?ur ,,broadley4 ,,cont5ts4 ,prelim9>y rem>ks--',cello ,difficult to ,ma/]--,*oice ( a ,tea*]--,*oice ( an ,in/rum5t & ,b[4 ,h[ to ,hold ! ,in/rum5t--,attitude ( ! ,play]--,use ( a ,slid+ ,p9 ,recomm5d$--,correct ,way ( ,hold+ ! ,b[--,"s ,incorrect ,sket*es ( ,same4 ,g5]al ,k--,ecc5tricity n ,necess>ily a ,m>k ( ,g5ius--,musical ,notation--,common ,errors ) ,respect to ! ,actual ,position ( ! ,v>i\s ,clefs--,t5or ,clef ,indisp5sable to ! ',celli/4 ,e>ly ,attempts at ',cello ,play+--,firmness 9 ,f+]+--,! ,left ,h&--,correct ,me?od ( ,plac+ ! ,left ,h& ,f+]s4 ,g5]al ,rem>ks on ,b[+--,useful ,me?od ( ,comb9+ ,scale ,practice ) ,/udy ( ,v>i\s ,b[+s--,smoo? ,b[+s--,cresc5do--,dim9u5do--,! ,slur4 ,b[+ ,cont9u$--,m>tele--,deta*$ ,/roke--,mix$ ,b[+s--,! ,v>i\s ,divisions ( ! ,b[4 ,on ,/accato ,b[+-,spiccato--,slurr$ ,spr++-,b[--,v>ieties ( ,phras+ ,occasion$ by ! ,portion ( ,b[ ,us$--,sautille--,dott$ ,notes4 ,on ! ,positions--,! ,individual ,requirem5ts ( ! ,or*e/ral ,play] & ,soloi/--,! ,necessity ( ,/ret*+ = ! ,int]vals--,locality ( ! ,neck ,positions--,! ,enh>monic ,diff]5ce ( ,%>p & ,flat ,keys--,absolute ,pit*--,h[ to ,leap any ,awkw>d ,int]val--,! ,positions n ,det]m9$ by ,ma!matical ,rules1 b by ! ,e>--,%ift+--,economy ( ,motion v4 ,effect--,*oice ( ,positions4 ,portam5to--,! ,v>i\s ,uses ( ,gild+--,"s ,exagg]ations ,expos$--,h[ to ,leap ,great ,int]vals )\t ,h[l+--,comb9ation ( ,gliss&o & ,s=z&o4 ,d\ble-,/opp+--,useful 9 ,develop+ ! ,h&--,h[ to ,det]m9e ! ,f+]+ ( ,v>i\s ,int]vals--,glid+ 9 ,d\ble ,/ops--,*ords--,a ,correct ,mann] ( ,play+ ,*ords4 ,arpeggios--,_! ,evolution f ,v>i\s ,*ords--,! ,b[+ ( ,arpeggios4 ,graces & ,embelli%m5ts--,! ,use ( ! ,?umb--,ext5sions--,octaves4 ,sci5tific ,basis ( ,h>monics--,"s ,peculi> ,laws :i* ,gov]n a ,vibrat+ ,/r+--,natural & ,artificial ,h>monics--,mann] ( ,b[+ ,h>monics--,special ,effects--,trick ,/accato--,v>i\s ,me?ods ( ,produc+ ,*romatic ,scale ,passages--,sul ,ponticello ,b[+ & ,b[$ ,h>monics--,flaut&o--,pizzicato ,glide & ,grace ,notes6 ,deliv]y--,/yle--,=m v4 ,feel+--,conception--,ess5tials ( a ,f9e ,deliv]y--,or*e/ral ,play+4 ,,london3 ,,/rad ,,(fice1 #c4 ,gre5 ,t]race1 ,roseb]y ,av5ue1 ,e4,c4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes3 ,passages 9 italics are indicat$ by italics4 ,passages 9 bold are indicat$ by bold4 ,inconsi/5cies 9 spell+ & hyp5ation h be5 reta9$ f ! orig9al4 ,obvi\s typographical errors h be5 correct$ z foll[s3 ,page #c3 occur$ *ang$ to occurr$ ,page #bb3 be *ang$ to he ,page #ca3 connoissi]s *ang$ to connoisseurs ,page #ci3 ignom9\s *ang$ to ignom9i\s ,page #fj3 ,guadagu9i *ang$ to ,guadagn9i ,page numb]s 9 ! ,li/ ( ,plates = ! ,,illu/rations ,,( ,,scrolls h be5 reta9$1 b illu/rations h be5 mov$ to be next to ! p>agraph 9 :i* !y are ref]r$4