,,note4 ,9 ! orig9al negatives ( subjects #aj & #ab1 !re are fa9t d>k r+s imm$iately surr\nd+ "s ( ! />s 9 ! d5s] p>ts ( ! nebulosity4 ,?is effect has no d\bt be5 acc5tuat$ 9 ! subsequ5t photographic processes4 ,on ! plates ( ^! two subjects 9 ! complet$ volume1 ^! r+s are v di/9ct & give rise to a suspicion t ! effect has be5 enhanc$ by ! engrav]4 ,a critical exam9ation ( ! pr9ts seems to confirm ?is view4 ,9 ! orig9al pro(s ^! r+s 7 inconspicu\s & 7 n notic$4 ,! processes ( /eel-fac+ & pr9t+ appe> to h increas$ ! effect m>k$ly1 z x is mu* /rong] on ! %eets pr9t$ = ! edition ?an 9 any ( ! e>ly pro(s4 ,inasmu* z ^! effects 7 n & c\ld n be discov]$ until ! %eets 7 assembl$ 9 ,sacram5to = b9d+1 x has n be5 ?\ght desirable to delay ! issue ( ! volume = sev]al weeks additional 9 ord] to h new plates & new pr9ts ( ^! subjects made by ! di/ant engrav]4 ,lick ,obs]vatory1 ,m\nt ,hamilton1 ,novemb]1 #aijh4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #aj ,,! ,,great ,,nebula ,,9 ,,orion ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,cali=nia ,,publications ,,publications ,,( ,,! ,,lick ,,obs]vatory ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,au?ority ,,( ,,! ,,reg5ts ,,( ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,volume ,,viii ,,sacram5to ,w4 ,w4 ,,%annon ,,sup]9t5d5t ,,( ,,/ate ,,pr9t+ #aijh ,,z ,a ,,tribute ,,to ,,! ,,memory ,,( ,,james ,,edw>d ,,keel] & 9 recognition ( 8 great wor? z a man & z an a/ronom]1 ! plates = ?is volume h be5 provid$ by ,,mr4 ,,william ,,alvord1 ,,mr4 ,f4 ,m4 ,,smi?1 ,,mr4 ,,rob]t ,,bruce1 ,,miss ,,j5nie ,,smi?1 ,,mr4 ,,william ,h4 ,,crock]1 ,,miss ,,matilda ,h4 ,,smi?1 ,,mrs4 ,,william ,h4 ,,crock]1 ,,mr4 ,,b5jam9 ,,?aw1 ,,mr4 ,e4 ,j4 ,,de ,,sabla1 ,,mrs4 ,,william ,,?aw1 ,,mr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,,donohoe1 ,,mr4 ,,rob]t ,j4 ,,tob91 ,,mrs4 ,,phoebe ,a4 ,,he>/1 ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,cali=nia1 ,,mr4 ,,john ,b4 ,,jackson1 ,,! ,,/ate ,,( ,,cali=nia4 ,,mr4 ,e4 ,j4 ,,mol]a1 ,,organization ,,( ,,! ,,lick ,,obs]vatory4 ,,hon4 ,,*>les ,w4 ,,slack1 ,,hon4 ,,w>r5 ,r4 ,,port]1 ,,hon4 ,,william ,h4 ,,crock]1 ,,rev4 ,,pet] ,c4 ,,yorke1 ,committee ( ! ,reg5ts = ! ,lick ,obs]vatory4 ,,b5jam9 ,,ide ,,:eel]1 ,presid5t ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,w4 ,w4 ,,campbell1 ,director & ,a/ronom]4 ,r4 ,h4 ,,tuck]199 ,a/ronom]4 ,c4 ,d4 ,,p]r9e1 ,a/ronom]4 ,h4 ,d4 ,,curtis1 ,mills ,act+ ,a/ronom]4 ,r4 ,g4 ,,aitk51 ,a/ronom]4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,wright1 ,a/ronom]4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,moore1 ,assi/ant ,a/ronom]4 ,,seba/ian ,,albre*t1 ,assi/ant ,a/ronom]4 ,,miss ,a4 ,m4 ,,hobe1 ,c>negie ,assi/ant4 ,g4 ,f4 ,,paddock1 ,mills ,assi/ant4 ,,miss ,l4 ,b4 ,,all51 ,c>negie ,assi/ant4 ,e4 ,a4 ,,fa?1 ,fell[4 ,j4 ,c4 ,,duncan1 ,fell[4 ,,miss ,a4 ,e4 ,,glancy1 ,fell[4 ,,miss ,m4 ,e4 ,,fr5*199 ,secret>y4 ,,miss ,a4 ,j4 ,,van ,,coov]1 ,secret>y4 99 ,abs5t on leave4 ,,photographs ,,( ,,nebulae ,,& ,,clu/]s1 ,,made ,,) ,,! ,,crossley ,,reflector1 ,,by ,,james ,,edw>d ,,keel]1 ,,director ,,( ,,! ,,lick ,,obs]vatory4 #ahih-aijj4 ,,preface4 ,:5 ,pr(essor ,keel] ent]$ ^u ! duties ( ,director ( ! ,lick ,obs]vatory1 on ,june #a1 #ahih1 he plann$ to devote 8 obs]v+ "t = sev]al ye>s to photograph+ ! bright] nebulae & /> clu/]s1 ) ! ,crossley reflector4 ,! /ory ( 8 wond]ful success ) ?is difficult in/rum5t is famili> to all read]s ( a/ronomical lit]ature3 ?is =m ( telescope 0 9 effect born aga92 & 8 contributions to our k ( ! nebulae 7 epo*-mak+4 ,pr(essor ,keel]'s obs]v+ programme includ$ "o hundr$ & f\r subjects4 ,at ! "t ( 8 lam5t$ dea?1 on ,augu/ #ab1 #aijj1 satisfactory negatives ( two-?irds ( ! select$ objects _h be5 secur$4 ,! unphotograph$ objects 7 ma9ly ^? :i* come into obs]v+ position 9 ! unfavorable w9t] & spr+ mon?s4 ,! completion ( ! programme 0 entru/$ to ,assi/ant ,a/ronom] ,p]r9e4 ,! obs]v]s 7 assi/$ *iefly by ,mr4 ,h4 ,k4 ,palm]1 & 9 small] degree by ,messrs4 ,joel ,/ebb9s1 ,c4 ,g4 ,dall1 ,r4 ,h4 ,curtiss & ,seba/ian ,albre*t4 ,pr(essor ,keel]'s photographs enabl$ him to make two discov]ies ( prime importance1 n to m5tion sev]al t are sc>cely second>y to !m4 #a/4--,_m ?\s&s ( unrecord$ nebulae exi/ 9 ! sky4 ,a cons]vative e/imate places ! numb] )9 rea* ( ! ,crossley reflector at ab\t #abj1jjj4 ,! numb] ( nebulae 9 our catalogues is b a small fraction ( ?is4 ,! numb] already discov]$ & catalogu$ did n exce$ #ac1jjj4 ,lat] obs]vations ) ! ,crossley reflector1 ) long] exposure-times & m s5sitive plates1 r5d] x probable t ! numb] ( nebulae discov]able ) ?is p[]ful in/rum5t is ( ! ord] ( half a million4 #b;d4--,mo/ ( ^! nebulae h a spiral /ructure4 ,! photographs ( ! "o hundr$ & f\r subjects conta9 ! images ( #gdd nebulae n previ\sly obs]v$4 ,a catalogue ( ^! is publi%$ 9 ! pres5t volume4 ,_! positions1 :i* are ?\ght to be accurate )9 #a''1 7 det]m9$ by ,messrs4 ,palm]1 ,curtiss1 & ,albre*t4 ,! ma9 purpose ( ?is volume is to reproduce & make available = /udy1 ! l>g] & m int]e/+ nebulae & clu/]s on ! programme1 sixty-eight 9 numb]4 ,! ?irty-six subjects n reproduc$ are = ! mo/ "p small or app>5tly n ( special int]e/4 ,! difficulties att5d+ ! reproduction ( a/ronomical photographs by me*anical processes are well-kn[n to all :o h made ! attempt4 ,x seems necess>y to recognize1 at lea/ at pres5t1 t delicate details ( /ructure w be lo/1 & t contra/s betwe5 v bright & v fa9t regions w be *ang$1 especially if a good sky backgr\nd is pres]v$2 9 o!r words1 t ! be/ obta9able reproductions fall f> %ort ( do+ ju/ice to ! orig9al photographs4 ,te*nical /udies %\ld be bas$ ^u ! orig9al negatives or ^u copies on glass4 ,aft] consid]able exp]im5tal "w1 involv+ sev]al me?ods & sev]al firms1 ! mak+ ( ! heliogravure plates & ! h&-press pr9ts 0 entru/$ to ,! ,photogravure & ,color ,company ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,to ?is firm's cont9u$ int]e/ & will+ness to act on con/ructive criticism is due mu* ( ! excell5ce ( ! results4 ,! exp5sive reproductions c\ld h>dly h be5 und]tak5 )\t ! g5]\s assi/ance ( ! donors m5tion$ on a prec$+ page4 ,pr(essor ,keel]'s description ( ! ,crossley reflector1 ( 8 me?ods ( obs]v+1 & ( ! *ief results obta9$1 0 writt5 only a %ort "t be=e 8 dea?4 ,x is "h republi%$4 ,o!r results ( 8 "w are describ$ 9 ! sev]al pap]s to :i* ! footnotes ref]4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,! ,orion ,nebula1 ,frontispiece ,! ,crossley ,reflector ( ! ,lick ,obs]vatory1 ,page #aa ,li/ ( ,nebulae & ,clu/]s ,photograph$1 #cj ,catalogue ( ,new ,nebulae ,discov]$ on ! ,negatives1 #ca ,positions ( ,kn[n ,nebulae ,det]m9$ f ! ,crossley ,negatives1 #db ,li/ ( ,illu/rations1 #de ,illu/rations1 foll[+ #df ,,! ,,crossley ,,reflector ,,( ,,! ,,lick ,,obs]vatory4#a ,by ,,james ,e4 ,,keel]4 ,! ,crossley reflector1 at pres5t ! l>ge/ in/rum5t ( its class 9 ,am]ica1 0 made 9 #ahgi by ,dr4 ,a4 ,a4 ,common1 ( ,london1 9 ord] to c>ry out1 & te/ by practical obs]vation1 c]ta9 ideas ( 8 respect+ ! design ( l>ge reflect+ telescopes4 ,= ! con/ruction ( ! in/rum5t embody+ ^! ideas1 & = "s f9e a/ronomical photographs obta9$ ) x1 ,dr4 ,common 0 aw>d$ ! gold m$al ( ! ,royal ,a/ronomical ,society 9 #ahhd4 ,9 #ahhe1 ,dr4 ,common1 wi%+ to make a l>g] telescope on a some:at simil> plan1 sold ! in/rum5t to ,edw>d ,crossley1 ,esq41 ,f4 ,r4 ,a4 ,s41 ( ,halifax1 ,engl&4 ,mr4 ,crossley provid$ ! telescope ) a dome ( ! usual =m1 9 place ( ! slid+ ro( us$ by its =m] own]1 & made obs]vations ) x = "s ye>s2 b ! climate ( ,halifax n be+ suitable = ! be/ use ( su* a telescope1 he cons5t$1 at ! reque/ ( ,dr4 ,hold51 !n ,director ( ! ,lick ,obs]vatory1 to pres5t x to ?is in/itution4 ,! funds = transport+ ! telescope & dome to ,cali=nia1 & sett+ !m up on ,m\nt ,hamilton1 7 subscrib$ by fri5ds ( ! ,lick ,obs]vatory1 = ! mo/ "p citiz5s ( ,cali=nia4 ,! "w 0 complet$1 & ! telescope h\s$ 9 a suitable obs]vatory build+1 9 #ahie4b ,on tak+ *>ge ( ! ,lick ,obs]vatory 9 #ahih1 ,i decid$ to devote my own obs]v+ "t to ! ,crossley reflector1 al?\gh ! :ole ( my previ\s exp]i5ce _h be5 ) refract+ telescopes4 ,i 0 m p>ticul>ly desir\s ( te/+ ! reflector ) my own h&s1 because su* prelim9>y trials ( x z _h be5 made _h giv5 rise to some:at conflict+ op9ions z to its m]its4#c ,! result ( my exp]i5ce is giv5 9 ! foll[+ article1 :i* is writt5 *iefly ) ref]5ce to ,am]ican read]s4 ,if ,i h tak5 occasion to po9t out :at ,i reg>d z defects 9 ! design or con/ruction ( ! in/rum5t1 ,i h done s1 n f any desire to look a gift horse 9 ! m\?1 b 9 ! int]e/ ( future improvem5t1 & to make intelligible ! circum/ances "u :i* ! "w ( ! reflector is n[ be+ done & w be done h]eaft]4 ,! mo/ important improvem5ts :i* h sugge/$ !mselves h inde$ already be5 made by ,dr4 ,common himself1 9 con/ruct+ 8 five-foot telescope4 ,! ?ree-foot reflector is1 9 spite ( num]\s idiosyncracies :i* make its managem5t v diff]5t f ! comp>atively simple manipulation ( a refractor1 by f> ! mo/ effective in/rum5t 9 ! ,obs]vatory = c]ta9 classes ( a/ronomical "w4 ,c]ta9ly no "o has m reason ?an ,i to appreciate ! great value ( ,mr4 ,crossley's g5]\s gift4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dome ,,( ,,! ,,crossley ,,reflector4 ,! ,crossley dome is ab\t #cej y>ds f ! ma9 ,obs]vatory1 at ! end ( a long rocky spur :i* ext5ds f ! ,obs]vatory summit t[>d ! s\?1 & on :i* are two ( ! h\ses occupi$ by memb]s ( ! ,obs]vatory /aff4 ,x is bel[ ! level ( ! l[e/ res]voir1 ,huygh5s1 :i* receives ! dis*>ge f ! hydraulic ma*9]y ( ! #cf-;in* refractor1 & !re=e ! wat] eng9e furni%$ by ,mr4 ,crossley = turn+ ! dome c n be us$1 unless a new wat] sy/em--ov]fl[ res]voir1 pump & w9dmill--is provid$4 ,9 ?is respect a bett] site w\ld h be5 a po9t on ! s\? slope ( ,kepl]1--! middle peak ( ,m\nt ,hamilton--j above ! ,huygh5s res]voir4 ,no addition to ! pres5t wat] sy/em w\ld !n h be5 ne$$4 ,! slope ( ! m\nta9 at ?is place might cut (f ! view ( ! nor? horizon1 b s9ce ! telescope c n be turn$ bel[ ! pole1 ?is w\ld be a matt] ( no consequ5ce4 ,wat]-p[] = ! dome is n1 h[ev]1 really necess>y4 ,! cyl9drical walls ( ! dome1 #cf-a_/d feet inside diamet]1 are d\ble1 & provid$ ) v5tilators4 ,op5+ into ! dome1 on ! left ( ! entrance1 are ?ree small rooms1 "o ( :i* has be5 fitt$ up z a photographic d>k room1 & ano!r1 conta9+ a sid]eal clock & a telephone1 :i* communicates ) ! ma9 ,obs]vatory1 z a /udy1 :ile ! ?ird is us$ = tools & /orage4 ,!re is also a small room = ! wat] eng9e1 9 case x %\ld be us$4 ,! dome is at pres5t suppli$ ) wat] f only ! middle res]voir1 ,kepl]1 :i* is res]v$ = dome/ic purposes & is n all[$ to pass ?r\gh ! ma*9]y4 ,! dome itself1 #ch feet #i in*es 9 diamet]1 is made ( %eet-iron plates rivet$ to iron gird]s4 ,x also c>ries ! wood5 gall]y1 ladd]s1 & obs]v+ plat=m1 :i* are susp5d$ f x by iron rods4 ,! app>atus = turn+ ! dome consi/s ( a ca/-iron circul> rack bolt$ to ! l[] side ( ! sole-plate1 & a set ( ge>s t]m9at+ 9 a sprocket-:eel1 f :i* hangs an endless rope4 ,z ! dome does n turn easily1 x has be5 necess>y to multiply ! ge>+ ( ! me*anism s t "o arm's-l5g? pull on ! rope moves ! dome only ab\t "o in*4 ,9 "s positions ( ! telescope ! dome c n be mov$ m ?an six or eight in*es at a "t )\t dang] ( /rik+ ! tube1 & ?is sl[ness ( motion is !n n disadvantage\s4 ,x is only :5 ! dome has to be mov$ ?r\gh a consid]able angle1 z 9 turn+ to a fre% object1 or 9 photograph+ "s object :i* passes ne>ly ?r\gh ! z5i?1 t ! ne$ = a me*anical means ( rotation is felt4 ,! obs]v+ slit1 #f feet wide1 ext5ds consid]ably beyond ! z5i?4 ,x is clos$ by a d\ble %utt]1 :i* is op]at$ by an endless rope4 ,! upp] "p1 )9 ! dome1 is also clos$ by a hood1 or %ield1 :i* s]ves to protect ! telescope f any wat] t may f9d its way ?r\gh ! %utt]1 & :i* is roll$ back to ! nor? :5 obs]vations are made ne> ! z5i?4 ,i h rec5tly fitt$ ! l[] half ( ! slit ) a w9d-scre51 :i* has prov$ to be a mo/ useful addition4 ,x is made ( t>paul91 atta*$ to slats :i* slide betwe5 ! two ma9 gird]s1 & is rais$ or l[]$ by halli>ds1 :i* belay to cleats on ! nor? rail ( ! gall]y4 ,a m detail$ description ( ! dome has be5 giv5 9 an article by ,mr4 ,crossley1#d f :i* ! r$uc$ figure 9 ,fig4 #ae has be5 tak54 ,! m\nt+ ( ! ?ree-foot reflector has be5 v completely describ$ & illu/rat$ by ,dr4 ,common1#f s t only a v g5]al description ne$ be giv5 "h4 ,! mo/ important feature ( ! m\nt+ is t ! telescope tube1 in/ead ( be+ on "o side ( ! pol> axis1 z 9 ! usual con/ruction1 is c5tral1 s t ! axis ( ! mirror & ! pol> axis are 9 ! same l9e :5 ! telescope is direct$ to ! pole4 ,! decl9ation axis is %ort1 & is support$ by a massive goose-neck bolt$ to ! upp] end ( ! pol> axis4 ,! mirror is plac$ j above ! decl9ation axis4 ,its weight1 & ! weight ( ! :ole tube & eye-end1 are c\nt]pois$ by slabs ( lead1 plac$ 9 two iron boxes1 betwe5 :i* ! goose-neck ( ! pol> axis passes4 ,! great advantage ( ?is arrangem5t1 & ! controll+ pr9ciple ( ! design1 is t ! telescope is p]fectly free to pass ! m]idian at all z5i? di/ances4 ,no rev]sal ( ! in/rum5t is ne$$1 or is inde$ possible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,crossley ,,reflector4 ,= long-exposure photography1 ! advantage above ref]r$ to is obvi\s1 b x is att5d$ by c]ta9 disadvantages4 ,"o ( ^! is t a v mu* l>g] dome is requir$ ?an = ! usual =m ( m\nt+4 ,ano!r is ! great am\nt ( dead weight :i* ! axes mu/ c>ry2 = ! mirror1 in/ead ( help+ to c\nt]poise ! upp] end ( ! tube1 mu/ itself be c\nt]pois$4 ,:5 any?+ is atta*$ to ! eye-end 7& 9 a/rophysical "w "o is always atta*+ ?+s to ! eye-end ( a telescope71 f t5 to tw5ty times z mu* weight mu/ be plac$ 9 ! c\nt]poise boxes bel[ ! decl9ation axis4 ,:]e room is to be f\nd = ! weights requir$ to c\nt]poise ! ,bruce spectrograph1 is a problem :i* ,i h n yet succe$$ 9 solv+4 ,9 8 five-foot reflector1 ,dr4 ,common has caus$ ! telescope tube to sw+ betwe5 two l>ge e>s1 :i* project f ! upp] end ( ! boil]-l pol> axis1 ! pivots con/itut+ ! decl9ation axis be+ ne>1 b above1 ! l[] end ( ! tube4 ,! mirror1 !re=e1 helps to c\nt]poise ! upp] end ( ! tube4 ,?is ,i reg>d z a di/9ct improvem5t4 ,! dang] ( l>ge masses ( metal ne> ! mirror injur+ ! def9ition is1 9 my op9ion1 imag9>y2 at lea/ !re is no su* dang] on ,m\nt ,hamilton1 :]e ! temp]ature v>iations are unusually small4 ,exp]i5ce ) ! ,crossley reflector1 z well z ) ! o!r in/rum5ts ( ! ,lick ,obs]vatory1 %[s t ! def9ition dep5ds almo/ entirely on ext]nal conditions4 ,my fir/ trials ( ! reflector1 z fir/ m\nt$ at ! ,lick ,obs]vatory1 %[$ t ! c5t] ( motion 0 inconv5i5tly high4 ,among o!r difficulties aris+ f ?is circum/ance1 ! spectroscope project$ beyond ! top ( ! dome1 s t x _h to be remov$ be=e ! %utt] c\ld be clos$4 ,9 ,july1 #ahih1 ! pi] 0 !re=e cut d[n two feet4 ,?is br\ght ! eye-end d[n ne>ly to ! level ( ! gall]y rail1 :]e x 0 at a conv5i5t height = ! obs]v] :5 sitt+ on a camp-/ool1 & x made all p>ts ( ! m\nt+ m accessible4 ,t[>d ! nor? & s\?1 ! range ( ! telescope1 be+ limit$ 9 ^! directions by ! con/ruction ( ! m\nt+1 0 n affect$ by ! *ange1 b ! telescope c n n[ be us$ at su* l[ altitudes z =m]ly1 ne> ! ea/ & we/ po9ts ( ! horizon4 ,! only occasion likely to call = ! use ( ! reflector 9 ^! positions is ! appe>ance ( a l>ge comet ne> ! ,sun1 &1 aft] "s consid]ation1 ,i decid$ to sacrifice ^! *ances = ! sake ( increas+ ! g5]al usefulness ( ! in/rum5t4 ,except 9 r>e cases1 all obs]vations are made )9 ?ree h\rs ( ! m]idian4 ,to adapt ! m\nt+ to ! latitude ( ,m\nt ,hamilton1 a w$ge-%ap$ ca/+1 %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 _h be5 provid$1 b ?r\gh "s error1 aris+ probably f ! fact t ! telescope _h be5 us$ 9 two diff]5t latitudes 9 ,engl&1 ! angle ( ! ca/+ 0 too great4 ,:5 ! pi] 0 cut d[n its upp] surface 0 !re=e slop$ t[>d ! s\?1 9 ord] to comp5sate ! error 9 ! ca/+4 ,plate ,,vii %[s ! in/rum5t v ne>ly z x is at ! pres5t "t4 ,! pol> axis ( ! ,crossley reflector is a long1 holl[ cyl9d]1 sep>at$ by a space ( ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* f its conc5tric cas+4 ,! idea 0 to fill ?is space ) m]cury1 & float ! great] "p ( ! ?ru/ ( ! axis1 ! function ( a small /eel p9 at ! l[] end be+ m]ely to /eady ! axis4 ,b ?is m]cury flotation1 z appli$ to ! ,crossley telescope1 is a delusion1 z ,i ?9k ,mr4 ,crossley _h already f\nd4 ,! m]cury1 x is true1 relieves ! ?ru/ to "s ext5t1 b x greatly increases ! already enorm\s side pressure on ! /eel p9 at ! bottom1 ?us creat+ a mu* great] evil ?an ! "o x is int5d$ to rem$y4 ,! workm5 :o set up ! m\nt+ in=m me t ! small be>+ at ! l[] end ( ! pol> axis is badly worn1 z ,i %\ld expect x to be4 ,in/ead ( putt+ m]cury into ! space int5d$ = x1 ,i h !re=e p\r$ 9 a p9t or s ( oil1 to keep ! l[] be>+ lubricat$4 ,= ! reasons indicat$ above1 ! =ce requir$ to move ! telescope 9 "r asc5sion is p]haps five times great] ?an x %\ld be4 ,! l[] end ( ! pol> axis ought to be fitt$ ) ball be>+s to take ! ?ru/1 & ) a pair ( friction :eels on top2 b x w\ld be difficult to make ^! *anges n[4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$ t ! disadvantages ( ! m]cury flotation are consid]ably great] at ,m\nt ,hamilton ?an at ! latitude = :i* ! telescope 0 design$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,crossley ,,reflector4 ,z already /at$ above1 ! range ( ! telescope is limit$ on ! s\? by ! con/ruction ( ! m\nt+4 ,! greate/ s\!rn decl9ation :i* c be obs]v$ is #be deg44 ,9 ,engl& ?is w\ld d\btless m>k ! limit set by atmosph]ic conditions1 b at ,m\nt ,hamilton x w\ld be easy to photograph objects #ae deg4 f>!r s\?1 if ! telescope c\ld be po9t$ to !m4 ,! orig9al driv+-clock hav+ prov$ to be ineffici5t1 at lea/ )\t an electric control1 a new & p[]ful driv+-clock 0 made by ! ,obs]vatory in/rum5t mak]1 f designs by ,pr(essor ,hussey4 ,9 its g5]al plan x is l t ( ! #cf-;in* refractor4 ,! w9d+ app>atus1 conta9$ 9 ! l>ge ca/+ ( ! orig9al m\nt+1 has no ma9ta9+ p[]1 & c n easily be fitt$ ) "o4 ,! clock c\ld 9 no case be w\nd dur+ a photographic exposure1 on acc\nt ( ! tremors att5d+ ! op]ation1 b x w\ld be some:at m conv5i5t to h ! />s rema9 on ! plate dur+ ! w9d+4 ,) a little practice1 h[ev]1 "o c w9d ! clock )\t actually /opp+ x1 ?\gh ! object mu/ aft]w>ds be br\ght back to its place by means ( ! sl[ motion 9 "r asc5sion4 ,two f9d]s h rec5tly be5 fitt$ to ! ,crossley reflector4 ,"o has an object-glass ( f\r in*es ap]ture & eight feet six in*es focal l5g?1 ) a field ( ab\t #a deg4 #b'1 :i* is v ne>ly ! photographic field ( ! ma9 telescope4 ,its /&>ds are bolt$ to "o ( ! corn] tubes ( ! reflector4 ,! o!r f9d] has a ?ree-in* objective & a l>ge field4 ,x _h n be5 m\nt$ :5 ! photograph = ! plate 0 made4 ,:5 a telescope is us$ = photograph+ objects ne> ! pole1 ) long exposures1 ! pol> axis mu/ be q accurately adju/$1 = o!rwise ! c5t]s ( motion ( ! />s & ( ! telescope w n agree1 & ! /> images w be di/ort$4 ,x is true t ) a d\ble-slide plate-hold]1 l ! "o us$ ) ! ,crossley reflector1 "o />--namely1 ! guid+ />--is =c$ to rema9 9 a fix$ position ) respect to ! plate2 b ! diff]5tial motion ( ! o!r />s causes !m to describe %ort arcs1 or trails1 ar\nd ?is /> z a c5t]4 ,a consid]able "p ( ! spr+ ( #ahii 0 sp5t 9 ef=ts to p]fect ! adju/m5t ( ! pol> axis1 an op]ation :i*1 on acc\nt ( ! peculi> =m ( ! m\nt+1 (f]s unusual difficulties4 ,9 ! fir/ plan :i* 0 tri$1 ! reflector 0 us$ z a transit in/rum5t4 ,! incl9ation ( ! decl9ation axis 0 det]m9$ ) a hang+ level :i* _h be5 provid$ by ,mr4 ,crossley1 ! h\r circle & pol> axis be+ v firmly clamp$4 ,! clock correction be+ kn[n f ! records kept at ! ,obs]vatory1 ! collimation & azimu? con/ants 7 f\nd by ! usual =mulae4 ,?is me?od fail$ to give satisfactory results1 & x 0 f\nd lat] t ! decl9ation & pol> axis 7 n exactly at "r angles4 ,!re is only "o "p ( ! sky on :i* ! telescope c be rev]s$2 namely1 ! pole4 ,a me?od :i* promis$ well1 & on :i* "s "t 0 sp5t1 consi/s 9 photograph+ ! pole 7! decl9ation axis be+ horizontal7 by all[+ ! />s ne> x to trail = t5 or fifte5 m9utes1 !n turn+ ! pol> axis #ahj deg4 & photograph+ ! pole aga9 on ! same plate4 ,half ! di/ance betwe5 ! images gives ! error ( ! pol> axis1 :i*1 if ! plate is prop]ly ori5t$1 is easily resolv$ into horizontal & v]tical compon5ts2 :ile ! di/ance ( ea* image f ! c5t] ( ! plate is ?is error increas$ or dim9i%$ by twice ! deviation ( ! telescope axis4 ,9 ?is case ! v]tical compon5t dep5ds ^u ! read+ ( ! decl9ation circle1 & ! horizontal compon5t gives ! error ( collimation4 ,?is me?od fail$1 h[ev]1 to give consi/5t results1 ma9ly on acc\nt ( in/ability ( ! mirror1 & 0 ab&on$4 ,! use ( ! l>ge mirror = purposes ( adju/m5t 0 f9ally giv5 up1 & ! axis 0 adju/$ by obs]vations ( ,pol>is ) ! long f9d]1 9 ! usual mann]4 ,9 ord] to rea* ! /> at l[] culm9ation ! f9d] tube _h to be ?r[n out ( p>allelism ) ! ma9 telescope4 ,! base-plate hav+ no def9ite c5t] ( rotation 9 azimu?1 & ! w$ges & cr[b>s us$ = mov+ x be+ unc]ta9 9 _! action1 a wat* telescope1 provid$ ) a micromet] eyepiece1 0 firmly secur$ to ! m\nt+ ?r\gh\t ^! op]ations1 9 su* mann] t a m>k on ! s\!rn horizon c\ld be obs]v$ ?r\gh "o ( ! w9d[s ( ! dome4 ,! errors ( ! pol> axis 7 f9ally r$uc$ to )9 ! limits ( error ( obs]vation4 ,! movable h\r circle & driv+ :eel ( ! ,crossley reflector has two sets ( graduations4 ,! driv+ screw hav+ be5 ?r[n out ( ge>1 ! circle is turn$ until ! out] v]ni] indicates ! sid]eal "t1 :]eupon ! driv+ screw is ?r[n into ge> aga94 ,! inn] v]ni] is !n set to ! "r asc5sion ( ! object :i* x is desir$ to obs]ve4 ,z an inconsi/5cy1 ( m9or importance1 9 ! design ( ! m\nt+1 ,i may note t ! sl[ motion 9 "r asc5sion *anges ! read+ ( ! out] v]ni] in/ead ( t ( ! inn] "o4 ,9 practice1 h[ev]1 no inconv5i5ce is caus$ by ?is con/ruction4 ,9 ! e>ly exp]im5ts & photographic "w ) ! ,crossley telescope1 irregul>ities 9 driv+ 7 a s\rce ( great annoyance4 ,dr4 ,rob]ts1 9 lay+ d[n ! conditions :i* %\ld be fulfill$ by a good photographic telescope1 says t a /> %\ld rema9 bisect$ by a ?read 9 ! eyepiece = two m9utes at a "t4 ,! ,crossley telescope 0 s f> f fulfill+ ?is condition t a /> w\ld n keep its place = two consecutive seconds2 & ! greate/ al]tness on ! "p ( ! obs]v] did n suffice to ensure r\nd /> images on a photographic plate4 ,x 0 obvi\s t ! fault did n lie ) ! driv+ clock2 9 fact1 _m ( ! sudd5 jumps 9 "r asc5sion1 if expla9$ 9 ?is way1 w\ld h requir$ ! clock to run backw>d2 nev]!less ! clock 0 te/$ by caus+ its revolutions to be record$ on a *ronograph at ! ma9 ,obs]vatory1 toge!r ) ! beats ( "o ( ! /&>d clocks4 ,= ?is purpose a break-circuit atta*m5t 0 made by ,mr4 ,palm]4 ,! errors ( ! clock 7 9 ?is way f\nd to be q small4 ,! pr9cipal s\rce ( ! irregul>ities 0 f\nd 9 ! conceal$ upp] diff]5tial :eel ( ! ,grubb sl[ motion4 ,?is :eel turn$ ) unc]ta9 friction1 sometimes rotat+ on its axis1 & sometimes rema9+ at re/4 ,aft] x 0 *eck$ ! driv+ 0 mu* bett]1 & 0 /ill f>!r improv$ by repair+ "s defective p>ts ( ! tra94 ,small irregul>ities /ill rema94 ,!y seem to be p>tly due to inaccuracies 9 ! cutt+ ( ! ge>s1 or ( ! tee? ( ! l>ge driv+ :eel1 & p>tly to ! spr++ ( ! v>i\s p>ts1 due to ! v consid]able friction ( ! pol> axis 9 its be>+s4 ,! rema9+ irregul>ities are s small1 h[ev]1 t !y are easily correct$ by ! screws ( ! slid+ plate-hold]1 & ) reasonable att5tion on ! "p ( ! obs]v]1 r\nd /> images are obta9$ ) exposures ( f\r h\rs' duration4 ,! l>ge mirror1 ! mo/ important "p ( ! telescope1 has an ap]ture ( ?ree feet1 & a focal l5g? ( #ag feet #f4a in*es4 ,x 0 made by ,mr4 ,calv]4 ,its figure is excell5t4 ,on cutt+ (f ! cone ( rays f a />1 by a knife-edge at ! focus1 accord+ to ! me?od ( ,f\cault1 ! illum9ation ( ! mirror is v uni=m1 :ile ! /> disks z se5 9 an ord9>y eyepiece are small & almo/ p]fectly r\nd4 ,!y are n1 ,i ?9k1 q s good z ! images se5 ) a l>ge refractor2 /ill1 !y are v good inde$1 z ! foll[+ obs]vations ( d\ble />s1 made rec5tly = ?is purpose1 w %[4 ,sev]al close d\ble />s 7 exam9$ on ! night ( ,april #ag1 #aijj1 ) a p[] ( #fbj4 ,! see+ 0 f\r on a scale ( five4 ,! magnitudes & di/ances ( ! compon5ts1 z giv5 9 ! table1 are f rec5t obs]vations by ,pr(essor ,hussey ) ! #cf-;in* refractor4 ,/>4 ,mag4 d4 ,result ( ,obs4 ,greek3 ,omega ,sigma #bjh 7,greek3 phi ,urs4 ,maj47 #e4j1 #e4e #j''4ce ,n resolv$2 too bright4 ,greek3 ,omega ,sigma #bdi1 ,,ab #g4b1 #h4j #j 4#ed ,easily resolv$4 ,greek3 ,omega ,sigma #bej #g4g1 #h4j #j 4#dd ,resolv$4 ,greek3 ,omega ,sigma #bfg #h4j1 #h4b #j 4#cj ,j resolv$ at be/ mom5ts4 ,al?\gh ! !oretical limit ( resolution = a ?ree-foot ap]ture is n rea*$ 9 ^! obs]vations1 ,i d n ?9k ! mirror c d any bett]4 ,! small mirror1 or flat1 at ! upp] end ( ! tube1 is circul>1 ! diamet] be+ n9e in*es4 ,its projection on ! plane ( ! photographic plate is !re=e elliptical2 b ! projection ( ! mirror & its cell on ! plane ( ! great mirror is v ne>ly circul>4 ,! small mirror1 act+ z a c5tral /op1 has ! effect ( dim9i%+ ! size ( ! c5tral disk ( ! diffraction patt]n1 at ! exp5se ( an increase 9 ! brightness ( ! sy/em ( r+s4 ,to ?is effect may be due1 9 "p1 ! inf]iority ( ! reflector = resolv+ bright d\bles1 z comp>$ ) a refractor ( ! same ap]ture4 ,= photographic purposes1 x is evid5t t ! mirror is practically p]fect4 ,! upp] end ( ! tube c be rotat$1 c>ry+ ) x ! flat & ! eye-end4 ,:5ev] ! position is *ang$1 ! mirrors h to be re-collimat$4 ,9 practice x is seldom necess>y to t\* ! adju/+ screws ( ! mirrors !mselves4 ,! adju/m5t is effect$ by means ( clamp+ & butt+ screws on ! eye-end1 & a *ange ( ! l9e ( collimation1 ) respect to ! f9d]s & ! circles1 is avoid$4 ,! op]ation is g5]ally ref]r$ to1 h[ev]1 z an adju/m5t ( ! mirrors4 ,= adju/+ ! mirrors !re are two collimators4 ,"o ( ^! is ( ! =m devis$ by ,mr4 ,crossley4#g ,x is v conv5i5t 9 use1 & is suffici5tly accurate = ! adju/m5t ( ! eye-end :5 ! telescope is us$ = photographic purposes1 inasmu* z ! exact place :]e ! axis ( ! l>ge mirror cuts ! photographic plate is n !n a matt] ( great importance1 s long z x is ne> ! c5t]4 ,moreov]1 z /at$ f>!r bel[1 ! direction ( ! axis *anges dur+ a long exposure4 ,! o!r collimator is ( a =m orig9ally due1 ,i ?9k1 to ,dr4 ,john/one ,/oney4 ,x consi/s ( a small telescope1 :i* fits ! draw-tube at ! eye-end4 ,9 ! focus ( ! eyepiece are1 in/ead ( cross-wires1 two adju/able t]m9als1 betwe5 :i* an electric sp>k c be pass$1 g5]at$ by a small induction ma*9e1 l a repl5i%]1 held 9 ! obs]v]'s h&4 ,! t]m9als are at su* a di/ance inside ! pr9cipal focus ( ! objective1 t ! light f ! sp>k1 aft] reflection f ! flat1 appe>s to proce$ f ! c5t] ( curvature ( ! l>ge mirror4 ,! rays are !re=e reflect$ back normally1 & =m an image ( ! sp>k :i*1 :5 ! mirrors are 9 p]fect adju/m5t1 co9cides ) ! sp>k itself4 ,! precision ( ?is me?od is v great4 ,x is 9 fact out ( proportion to ! degree ( ref9em5t atta9$ 9 o!r adju/m5ts ( ! reflector1 = a slight pressure ( ! h& on ! draw-tube1 or movem5t ( ! telescope to a diff]5t altitude1 in/antly de/roys ! p]fection ( ! adju/m5t4 ,i h provid$ ^! collimators ) an adapt] :i* fits ! photographic app>atus1 s t "o c adju/ ! mirrors )\t hav+ to remove ?is app>atus & sub/itute = x ! ord9>y eye-end c>ry+ ! eyepieces4 ,= visual obs]vation ! ,crossley telescope is provid$ ) sev5 eyepieces1 ) p[]s rang+ f #fbj d[nw>d4 ,! l[e/ p[] is only #fj1 & consequ5tly utilizes only #ab in*es ( ! mirror1 #i ( :i* are cov]$ by ! c5tral flat4 ,x is !re=e ( little value1 except = f9d+ purposes4 ,! next l[e/ p[] utilizes #bh in*es ( ! mirror4 ,! o!r eyepieces call = no rem>k4 ,b1 :ile ! ,crossley reflector w\ld d\btless be s]viceable = v>i\s k9ds ( visual obs]vations1 its photographic applications are reg>d$ z hav+ ! mo/ importance1 & h be5 *iefly consid]$ 9 decid+ ^u ! diff]5t *anges & improvem5ts :i* h be5 made4 ,! int]ior ( ! dome is light$ at night by a l>ge lamp1 :i* is enclos$ 9 a suitable box or lant]n1 fitt$ ) panes ( r$ glass1 & m\nt$ on a portable /&4 ,9 ord] to diffuse ! light 9 ! l[] "p ( ! dome1 :]e mo/ ( ! assi/ant's "w is done1 ! walls are pa9t$ bright r$2 :ile to prev5t reflect$ light f rea*+ ! photographic plate1 ! inn] surface ( ! dome itself1 ! m\nt+1 & ! ladd]s & gall]y are pa9t$ dead black4 ,! obs]v] is !re=e 9 comp>ative d>kness1 & n ! slighte/ fogg+ ( ! plate1 f ! r$ light bel[1 is produc$ dur+ a f\r-h\rs' exposure4 ,on ! few occasions :5 or?o*romatic plates are us$ ! lamp ne$ n be light$4 ,exp]im5ts h %[n t ! fogg+ ( ! photographic plate1 dur+ a long exposure1 is entirely due to diffuse light f ! sky1 & is !re=e unavoidable4 ,= ?is reason ! clo? curta9s :i* lace to ! corn]s ( ! telescope tube1 enclos+ x & %utt+ out light f ! l[] "p ( ! dome1 h n be5 us$1 s9ce _! only effect w\ld be to cat* ! w9d & cause vibrations ( ! telescope4 ,!y w\ld probably h little effect on ! def9ition1 & at any rate c\ld n be expect$ to improve x4 ,= photograph+ />s & nebulae ! ,crossley reflector is provid$ ) a d\ble-slide plate-hold]1 ( ! =m inv5t$ by ,dr4 ,common4#h ,?is app>atus1 :i* _h suff]$ consid]ably 9 transportation1 & f g5]al we> & te>1 0 ?or\ghly ov]haul$ by ! ,obs]vatory in/rum5t-mak]4 ,! plates 7 /raight5$ & ! slides refitt$4 ,a spr+ 0 introduc$ to oppose ! "r asc5sion screw & take up ! lo/ motion--! mo/ annoy+ defect t su* a piece ( app>atus c h--& v>i\s o!r improvem5ts 7 made1 z ! necessity = !m became app>5t4 ,!y are describ$ 9 detail f>!r bel[4 ,! pres5t appe>ance ( ! eye-end is %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,! plate-hold] is !re %[n1 h[ev]1 on "o side ( ! tube1 & its long] side is p>allel to ! axis ( ! telescope4 ,?is is n a good position = ! eye-end1 except = %ort exposures4 ,9 practice1 ! eye-end is always plac$ on ! nor? or s\? side ( ! tube1 accord+ z ! object photograph$ is nor? or s\? ( ! z5i?4 ,! "r asc5sion slide is !n always at "r angles to ! telescope axis1 & ! eye-end c n get into an inaccessible position dur+ a long exposure4 ,z ! orig9al wood5 plate-hold]s 7 w>p$1 & c\ld n be dep5d$ ^u to rema9 9 ! same position = sev]al h\rs at a "t1 !y 7 replac$ by new ones ( metal1 & clamp+ screws 7 add$1 to hold !m firmly 9 place4 ,! heads ( ^! screws are %[n 9 ! plate1 betwe5 ! spr+s :i* press ! plate-hold] aga9/ its b$4 ,to illum9ate ! cross-wires ( ! guid+ eyepiece1 a small electric lamp is us$1 ! curr5t = :i* is br\ght d[n f ! /orage batt]y at ! ma9 ,obs]vatory4 ,! co>se wires h be5 replac$ by spid]'s webs1#i & reflectors h be5 introduc$1 to illum9ate ! decl9ation ?read4 ,a collimat+ l5s1 plac$ at its pr9cipal focal di/ance f ! inc&esc5t filam5t ( ! lamp1 makes ! illum9ation ( ! wires ne>ly indep5d5t ( _! position on ! slide1 & a piece ( r$ glass1 close to ! l5s1 effectually removes all dang] ( fogg+ ! plate4 ,! light is v>i$ to suit ! requirem5ts ( obs]vation by rotat+ ! reflector :i* ?r[s ! light 9 ! direction ( ! eyepiece4 ,illu/ration3 ,,d\ble-,,slide ,,plate-,,hold] ,,( ,,! ,,crossley ,,reflector4 ,9 long exposures x is important = ! obs]v] to "k at any mom5t ! position ( ! plate ) ref]5ce to its c5tral or z]o position4 ,= ?is purpose scales ) indexes are atta*$ to bo? slides2 b z !y c n be se5 9 ! d>k1 &1 ev5 if illum9at$ ) r$ light1 c\ld n be read )\t remov+ ! eye f ! guid+ eyepiece1 ,i h add$ two %ort p9s1 "o ( :i* is atta*$ to ! l[] side ( ! "r asc5sion slide1 & ! o!r to its guide1 s t ! po9ts co9cide :5 ! scale reads z]o4 ,^! p9s c be felt by ! f+]s1 & ) a little practice ! obs]v] c tell v closely h[ f> ! plate is f its c5tral position4 ,x w\ld n be a v difficult matt] to improve on ?is contrivance1 say by plac+ an illum9at$ scale1 capable ( indep5d5t adju/m5t1 9 ! field ( ! eyepiece1 b ! p9s answ] e purpose4 ,! decl9ation slide is *ang$ s little t no means = indicat+ its position are necess>y4 ,9 ?is app>atus1 z orig9ally con/ruct$1 ! cross-wires ( ! guid+ eyepiece 7 exactly 9 ! plane ( ! photographic plate4 ,! e>li] obs]vations made ) ! ,crossley reflector on ,m\nt ,hamilton %[$ t ?is is n ! be/ position ( ! cross-wires4 ,! image ( a /> 9 ! guid+ eyepiece1 :i*1 :5 9 ! middle ( its slide1 is ne>ly ?ree in*es f ! axis ( ! mirror1 is n r\nd1 & its %ape v>ies z ! eyepiece is pu%$ 9 or drawn out4 ,9 ! plane ( ! photographic plate 7assum$ to be accurately 9 focus71 x is a cresc5t1 ) ! convex side direct$ t[>d ! c5t] ( ! plate4 ,?is =m ( image is n suitable = accurate guid+4 ,outside ?is position ! image *anges to an arr[-head1 ! po9t ( :i* is direct$ t[>d ! axis1 & ?is image c be v accurately bisect$ by ! "r asc5sion ?read4 ,z ! con/ruction ( ! app>atus did n all[ ! plane ( ! cross-wires to be *ang$1 ! wood5 b$ ( ! plate-hold] 0 cut d[n1 s z to br+ ! wires & ! plate into ! prop] relative positions4 ,aft] "s fur!r exp]i5ce ) ! in/rum5t1 /ill ano!r *ange 0 made 9 ?is adju/m5t4 ,x 0 f\nd t ! focus (t5 *ang$ v p]ceptibly dur+ a long exposure1 & :ile ! arr[-head image above describ$ 0 suitable = guid+ purposes1 its =m 0 n greatly affect$ by *anges ( focus4 ,betwe5 ! cresc5t & ! arr[-head images !re is a transition =m1 9 :i* two well-def9$ cau/ic curves 9 ! ab]ration patt]n int]sect at an acute angle4 ,! int]section ( ^! cau/ics (f]s an excell5t m>k = ! cross-wires1 & is at ! same "t v s5sitive to *anges ( focus1 :i* cause x to travel up or d[n 9 ! g5]al patt]n4 ,! b$ ( ! plate-hold] 0 !re=e rais$1 by fac+ x ) a brass plate ( ! prop] ?ickness4 ,:y ! focus ( ! telescope %\ld *ange dur+ a long exposure is n q cle>4 ,! *ange is mu* too great to be acc\nt$ = by expansion & contraction ( ! rods =m+ ! tube1 foll[+ *anges ( temp]ature1 :ile a simple geometrical con/ruction %[s t a droop+ ( ! upp] end ( ! tube1 increas+ ! di/ance ( ! plate f ! 7unreflect$7 axis ( ! mirror1 c n displace ! focus 9 a direction normal to ! plate1 if x is assum$ t ! field is flat4 ,! obs]v$ effect is probably due to ! fact t ! focal surface is n flat1 b curv$4 ,dur+ a long exposure1 ! obs]v] keeps ! guid+ />1 & !re=e1 v approximately1 all o!r />s1 9 ! same positions relatively to ! plate2 b he has no control ov] ! position ( ! axis ( ! mirror1 :i*1 by *anges ( flexure1 w&]s irregul>ly ov] ! field4 ,! position ( maximum curvature1 !re=e1 also v>ies1 & ) x ! focus ( ! guid+ /> relatively to ! cross-wires1 :]e ! focal surface is consid]ably incl9$ to ! field ( view4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! focus does *ange consid]ably1 :atev] ! cause may be1 & t ! be/ photographic /> images are obta9$ by keep+ ! focus ( ! guid+ /> un*ang$ dur+ ! exposures4 ,?is is done by turn+ ! focus+ screw ( ! eye-end4 ,9 mak+ ! photographs ( nebulae = :i* ! ,crossley telescope is at pres5t regul>ly employ$1 x 0 at fir/ our practice to adju/ ! driv+-clock z accurately z possible to a sid]eal rate1 & !n1 :5 ! /> _h drift$ too f> f its orig9al position1 on acc\nt ( *anges ( rate or ( flexure1 to br+ x back by ! "r-asc5sion sl[ motion1 ! obs]v] ei!r clos+ ! slide ( ! plate-hold] or foll[+ ! motion ( ! /> z be/ he c\ld ) ! "r-asc5sion screw4 ,lately a m satisfactory me?od1 sugge/$ by ,mr4 ,palm]1 has be5 employ$4 ,! sl[ motion 9 "r asc5sion is ( ,grubb's =m1#aj & ! telescope has two slightly diff]5t rates1 accord+ to :e!r ! loose :eel is /opp$ or all[$ to turn freely4 ,! driv+-clock is adju/$ s t "o ( ^! rates is too fa/1 ! o!r too sl[4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( an exposure ! :eel is1 say1 unclamp$1 & ! guid+ /> beg9s to drift v sl[ly t[>d ! left1 ! obs]v] foll[+ x ) ! screw ( ! plate-hold]4 ,:5 x has drift$ f> en\gh1 z indicat$ by ! p9s m5tion$ f>!r above1 ! :eel is clamp$4 ,! /> !n rev]ses its motion & beg9s to drift t[>d ! "r2 & s on ?r\gh\t ! exposure4 ,! advantages ( ?is me?od ov] ! "o previ\sly employ$ are1 t ! /> nev] has to be mov$ by ! sl[ motion ( ! telescope1 & t its g5]al drift is 9 a kn[n direction1 s t its movem5ts c be anticipat$ by ! obs]v]4 ,9 ?is way photographs are obta9$1 ) f\r h\rs' exposure1 on :i* ! smalle/ /> disks are almo/ p]fectly r\nd ne> ! c5t] ( ! plate1 & f #b'' to #c'' 9 diamet]4 ,! /> images are practically r\nd ov] a field at lea/ #a in* or #af' 9 diamet]4 ,f>!r f ! c5t] !y become p>abolic1 b !y are q good ov] ! entire plate1 #c-a_/d by #d-a_/d in*es4 ,f ^! /atem5ts x w be se5 t small irregul>ities 9 driv+ no long] pres5t any difficulties4 ,b c]ta9 irregul> motions ( ! image /ill take place occasionally1 & s f> x has n be5 possible entirely to prev5t _! occurr5ce4 ,x 0 f\nd t ! decl9ation clamp 7! long sl[-motion h&le atta*$ to :i* is %[n 9 ! illu/ration7 0 n suffici5tly p[]ful to hold ! telescope firmly dur+ a long exposure4 ,a screw clamp 0 !re=e add$1 :i* =ces ! too!d-decl9ation sector /rongly aga9/ an iron block j beh9d x1 ?us re/or+1 ,i ?9k1 ! orig9al arrangem5t ( ! decl9ation clamp z design$ by ,dr4 ,common4 ,?is clamp holds ! tube v firmly4 ,! irregul>ities to :i* ,i h ref]r$ consi/ 9 sudd5 & unexpect$ jumps ( ! image1 :i* always occur "s "t aft] ! telescope has pass$ ! m]idian4 ,^! jumps are sometimes q l>ge--z mu* z "o-sixte5? ( an in* or #a4 ,!y are due to two causes3 flexure ( ! tube1 & slid+ ( ! mirror on its b$4 ,:5 ! jump is due to sudd5 *anges ( flexure1 ! image moves v quickly1 & vibrates be=e x comes to re/ 9 its new position1 & at ! same "t !re is (t5 he>d a slight r++ s\nd f ! t5sion rods ( ! tube4 ,!re seems to be no rem$y = ! sudd5 motions ( ?is class4 ,! t5sion rods are set up z tightly z possible )\t endang]+ ! ?reads at _! ends or buckl+ ! l>ge corn] tubes4 ,a r\nd telescope tube1 made ( spirally-w\nd /eel ribbon rivet$ at ! cross+s1 w\ld probably be bett] ?an ! squ>e tube n[ 9 use4 ,jumps due to %ift+ ( ! mirror are *>act]iz$ by a g5tle1 glid+ motion4 ,!y c be rem$i$1 9 "p1 at lea/1 by tight5+ ! copp] b&s :i* pass ar\nd ! circumf]5ce ( ! mirror )9 its cell4 ,?is w be done ! next "t ! mirror is resilv]$4 ,all t ! obs]v] c d :5 a jump occurs is to br+ back ! image z quickly z possible to ! int]section ( ! cross-wires4 ,if all ! />s on ! plate are fa9t1 no effect w be produc$ on ! photograph2 b />s ( ! eigh? magnitude or bright] w leave %ort trails4 ,! nebula1 if !re is "o on ! plate1 w1 ( c\rse1 be unaffect$4 ,be=e beg9n+ an exposure ! focus is adju/$ by means ( a high-p[] positive eyepiece4 ,an old negative1 f :i* ! film has be5 p>tially scrap$1 is plac$ 9 "o ( ! plate-hold]s1 & ! film is br\ght into ! common focus ( ! eyepiece & ! great mirror4 ,! appe>ance ( ! guid+ />1 :i* v>ies some:at ) ! position ( ! guid+ eyepiece on its slide1 is !n c>efully not$1 & is kept con/ant dur+ ! exposure by turn+1 :5 necess>y1 ! focus+ screw ( ! eye-end4 ,= prelim9>y adju/m5ts a gr\nd-glass scre5 is (t5 conv5i5t4 ,on x all ! ,,dm4 />s1 & ev5 consid]ably fa9t] ones1 z well z ! nebulae ( ,h]s*el's ,class ,i1 are easily visible )\t a l5s4 ,plates are back$1 n m ?an a day or two be=e use1 ) ,c>butt's ,columbian back+1 :i* is an excell5t prep>ation = ?is purpose4 ,dur+ ! exposure ! obs]v] & assi/ant ex*ange places e half h\r1 !reby greatly reliev+ ! t$i\sness ( ! "w1 ?\gh two exposures ( f\r h\rs ea*1 9 "o night1 h prov$ to be too fatigu+ = g5]al practice4 ,at ! end ( ! fir/ two h\rs x is necess>y to close ! slide & w9d ! clock4 ,! brightness ( ! guid+ /> is a matt] ( "s importance4 ,if ! /> is too bright1 its gl>e is annoy+2 if x is too fa9t1 ! ef=t to see x /ra9s ! eye1 & *anges ( focus are n easily recogniz$4 ,a /> ( ! n9? magnitude is ab\t "r4 ,9 mo/ cases a suitable /> c be f\nd )\t difficulty4 ,9 su* an app>atus z t describ$ above1 ! am\nt by :i* ! plate may be all[$ to dep>t f its z]o position is subject to a limitation :i* has n1 ,i ?9k1 be5 po9t$ out1 al?\gh x is suffici5tly obvi\s :5 "o's att5tion has be5 call$ to x4 ,x dep5ds ^u ! fact t ! plate necess>ily moves z a :ole1 9 a /raight l9e :i* is tang5t to a great circle ( ! sph]e1 :ile ! />s move on small circles ar\nd ! pole4 ,! comp5sation = drift1 :5 ! plate is mov$1 is !re=e exact at ! equator only4 ,let ! guid+ /> h ! decl9ation ,greek3 delta#a1 & let a /> on ! upp] edge ( ! plate 7:i*1 :5 ! telescope is nor? ( ! z5i?1 & ! eye-end is on ! nor? side ( ! telescope1 w be ! s\!rn edge7 h ! decl9ation ,greek3 delta#b4 ,!n if ! guid+ /> is all[$ to drift f its z]o position ?r\gh ! di/ance d1 ! o!r /> w drift ?r\gh ! di/ance d 7cos ,greek3 delta#b _/ cos ,greek3 delta#a74 ,if ! guid+ /> is foll[$ by turn+ ! "r-asc5sion screw1 ! upp] edge ( ! plate1 z well z ! guid+ eyepiece1 w be mov$ ?r\gh ! di/ance d4 ,h5ce !re w be produc$ an elongation ( ! upp] />1 repres5t$ by e d 77cos ,greek3 delta#b _/ cos ,greek3 delta#a7 - #a7 f :i* d 7e cos ,greek3 delta#a7 _/ 7cos ,greek3 delta#b - cos ,greek3 delta#a74 ,n[1 9 ! ,crossley reflector1 ! upp] edge ( ! plate & ! guid+ eyepiece are j ab\t #c-b_/c in*es1 or #a deg41 ap>t4 ,if e is giv51 ! above =mula s]ves to det]m9e ! maximum range ( ! slide = diff]5t positions ( ! telescope4 ,x has be5 /at$ f>!r above t ! smalle/ /> disks1 on a good photograph1 are sometimes n m ?an #b'' 9 diamet]1 or 9 a l9e> measure1 ab\t #a_/bj mm4 ,an elongation ( ?is am\nt is !re=e p]ceptible4 ,!re are _m nebulae 9 high nor!rn decl9ations1 & !re are sev]al p>ticul>ly f9e ones 9 ab\t #gj deg44 ,if1 !re=e1 we take ,greek3 delta#b #gj deg41 ,greek3 delta#a1 #ga deg41 e #j4je1 & sub/itute ^! values1 we f9d d #a4j mm1 :i* is ! greate/ p]missible range ( ! plate 9 photograph+ ^! nebulae4 ,be=e ,i realiz$ ! /r+5cy ( ?is requirem5t1 by mak+ ! above simple computation1 ,i spoil$ sev]al o!rwise f9e negatives by all[+ ! plate to get too f> f ! c5t]1 ?us produc+ elongat$ /> images4 ,!re is a correspond+ elongation 9 decl9ation1 ! am\nt ( :i* c be det]m9$ by an adaptation ( ! =mula = r$uction to ! m]idian1 b x is practically ins5sible4 ,on acc\nt ( ! %ort focal l5g? ( ! ?ree-foot mirror1 ! photographic resolv+ p[] ( ! telescope is mu* bel[ its optical resolv+ p[]4 ,= ?is reason ! photographic images are less s5sitive to conditions affect+ ! see+ ?an ! visual images4 ,on ! f9e/ nights ! delicate trac]y ( bright l9es or cau/ic curves 9 ! guid+ /> is z cle> & di/9ct z 9 a pr9t$ patt]n4 ,:5 ! see+ is only fair ^! delicate details are lo/1 & only ! g5]al =m ( ! image1 ) its two pr9cipal cau/ics1 is se54 ,a photograph tak5 on su* a night is n1 h[ev]1 p]ceptibly inf]ior to "o tak5 :5 ! see+ is p]fect4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! image is s blurr$ t its g5]al =m is b>ely di/+ui%able1 ! photographic /> disks are likewise blurr$ & enl>g$1 & on su* nights photographic "w is n attempt$4 ,! =ego+ acc\nt ( ! small *anges :i* h be5 made 9 ! ,crossley telescope & its accessories may appe> to be unnecess>ily detail$1 yet ^! small *anges h greatly increas$ ! practical effici5cy ( ! in/rum5t1 &1 !re=e1 small z !y are1 !y are important4 ,p>ticul>ly ) an in/rum5t ( ?is "*1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 poor & good results lies 9 ! obs]vance ( j su* small details z ,i h describ$4 ,at pres5t ! ,crossley reflector is be+ us$ = photograph+ nebulae1 = :i* purpose x is v effective4 ,"s nebulae & clu/]s1 l ! great nebula 9 ,&rom$a & ! ,pleiades1 are too l>ge = its plate 7#c-a_/d x #d-a_/d 9471 b ! great majority ( nebulae are v mu* small]1 hav+ a l5g? ( only a few m9utes ( arc1 & a l>ge-scale photograph is requir$ to %[ !m satisfactorily4 ,x is p>ticul>ly important to h ! images ( ! involv$ />s z small z !y c be made4 ,_m nebulae ( ,h]s*el's ,i & ,,ii classes are s bright t fairly good photographs c be obta9$ ) exposures ( f "o to two h\rs2 b ! results obta9$ ) full-light action are s sup]ior to ^!1 t long] exposures ( ?ree & "o half or f\r h\rs are always pref]r$4 ,9 "s exceptional cases1 exposures ( only a few m9utes are suffici5t4 ,! am\nt ( detail %[n1 ev5 9 ! case ( v small nebulae1 is surpris+4 ,x is an int]e/+ fact t ^! photographs confirm 79 "s cases = ! fir/ "t7 _m ( ! visual obs]vations made ) ! six-foot reflector ( ! ,e>l ( ,rosse4 ,incid5tally1 9 mak+ ^! photographs1 great numb]s ( new nebulae h be5 discov]$4 ,! l>ge/ numb] t ,i h f\nd on any "o plate is ?irty-"o4 ,eight or t5 is n an uncommon numb]1 & few photographs h be5 obta9$ :i* d n reveal ! exi/5ce ( ?ree or f\r4 ,a catalogue ( ^! new objects w be publi%$ 9 due "t4 ,"s ( ! results obta9$ ) ! ,crossley reflector1 relat+ *iefly to p>ticul> objects ( "s special int]e/1 h already be5 publi%$4#aa ,! photographs h also p]mitt$ "s wid] conclusions to be drawn1 :i* are con/antly receiv+ fur!r confirmation z ! "w progresses4 ,!y may be briefly summ>iz$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,_m ?\s&s ( unrecord$ nebulae exi/ 9 ! sky4 ,a cons]vative e/imate places ! numb] )9 rea* ( ! ,crossley reflector at ab\t #abj1jjj4 ,! numb] ( nebulae 9 our catalogues is b a small fraction ( ?is4 #b4 ,^! nebulae exhibit all gradations ( app>5t size1 f ! great nebula 9 ,&rom$a d[n to an object :i* is h>dly di/+ui%able f a fa9t /> disk4 #c4 ,mo/ ( ^! nebulae h a spiral /ructure4 ,to ^! conclusions ,i may add ano!r1 ( m re/rict$ significance1 ?\gh ! evid5ce 9 favor ( x is n yet complete4 ,among ! objects :i* h be5 photograph$ ) ! ,crossley telescope are mo/ ( ! d\ble nebulae figur$ 9 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el's catalogue 7,phil4 ,trans41 #ahcc1 ,plate ,,xv74 ,! actual nebulae1 z photograph$1 h almo/ no resemblance to ! figures4 ,!y are1 9 fact1 spirals1 sometimes ( v beautiful & complex /ructure2 &1 9 any "o ( ! nebulae1 ! second>y nucleus ( ,h]s*el's figure is ei!r a "p ( ! spiral approa*+ ! ma9 nucleus 9 brightness1 or x c n be id5tifi$ ) any real "p ( ! object4 ,! significance ( ?is some:at de/ructive conclusion lies 9 ! fact t ^! figures ( ,h]s*el h sometimes be5 reg>d$ z furni%+ analogies = ! figures :i* ,po9c>e _h d$uc$1 f !oretical consid]ations1 z be+ among ! possible =ms assum$ by a rotat+ fluid mass2 9 o!r words1 !y h be5 reg>d$ z illu/rat+ an e>ly /age 9 ! developm5t ( d\ble /> sy/ems4 ,! actual conditions ( motion 9 ^! p>ticul> nebulae1 z indicat$ by ! photographs1 are obvi\sly v mu* m complicat$ ?an ^? consid]$ 9 ! !oretical discussion4 ,:ile ,i mu/ leave to o!rs an e/imate ( ! importance ( ^! conclusions1 x seems to me t !y h a v direct be>+ on _m1 if n all1 que/ions conc]n+ ! cosmogony4 ,if1 = example1 ! spiral is ! =m normally assum$ by a contract+ nebul\s mass1 ! idea at once sugge/s itself t ! sol> sy/em has be5 evolv$ f a spiral nebula1 :ile ! photographs %[ t ! spiral nebula is n1 z a rule1 *>act]iz$ by ! simplicity attribut$ to ! contract+ mass 9 ! nebul> hypo!sis4 ,?is is a "q :i* has already be5 tak5 up by ,pr(essor ,*amb]l9 & ,mr4 ,m\lton ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago4 ,! ,crossley reflector promises to be useful 9 a numb] ( fields :i* are fairly well def9$4 ,x is cle>ly unsuitable = photograph+ ! ,moon & planets1 & = /> *>t+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x has prov$ to be ( value = f9d+ & photographically obs]v+ a/]oids ^: positions are already approximately kn[n4 ,"o ( ! mo/ fruitful fields = ?is in/rum5t is und\bt$ly /ell> spectroscopy4 ,little has be5 done 9 ?is field1 z yet1 ) ! ,crossley reflector1 b two spectrographs1 ) :i* sy/ematic inve/igations w be made1 h ne>ly be5 complet$ by ! ,obs]vatory in/rum5t-mak]4 ,"o ( ^!1 con/ruct$ ) ! aid ( a fund giv5 by ! late ,miss ,c4 ,w4 ,bruce1 has a tra9 ( ?ree #fj deg4 prisms & "o #cj deg4 prism1 & an ap]ture ( two in*es2 ! o!r1 :i* has a s+le qu>tz prism1 w1 ,i h reason to expect1 give measurable1 ?\gh small1 spectra ( />s ne>ly at ! limit ( vision ( ! telescope4 ,! photogravure#ab ( ! ,trifid nebula1 :i* accompanies ?is article1 0 made f a photograph tak5 ) ! ,crossley reflector on ,july #f1 #ahii1 ) an exposure ( ?ree h\rs4 ,x 0 n select$ z a specim5 ( ! "w ( ! in/rum5t1 = ! negative 0 made 9 ! e>ly /ages ( ! exp]im5ts t ,i h describ$1 & ! /> images are n good1 b r on acc\nt ( ! int]e/ ( ! subject4 ,at ! "t ! photogravures 7 ord]$ no l>ge scale photograph ( ! ,trifid nebula _h1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 ev] be5 publi%$4#ac ,! rem>kable bran*+ /ructure ( ! nebula is fairly well %[n 9 ! photogravure1 ?\gh less di/9ctly ?an 9 ! transp>5cy f :i* x 0 made4 ,! enl>gem5t1 z comp>$ ) ! orig9al negative1 is #b4i diamet]s 7#a mm #ac''74 ,! fa9t] p>ts ( ! nebula w\ld be %[n m satisfactorily by a long] exposure4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,nebulae ,,& ,,clu/]s ,,photograph$4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,n4,g4,c4 ,greek3 a,greek3 d ,rem>ks4 ,no4 #aijj4j #aijj4j ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ h m s deg4 ' #ahe #j #cc #be #dg #dg4c ,h ,,ii1 #gjg #bje #j #cd #ef #da #h4b ,h ,v1 #ah #bba #j #cg #ae #dj #ai4j ,m #cb #bbd #j #cg #ag #dj #dc4d ,great nebula 9 ,&rom$a #bdg #j #db #c -#ba #ag4i ,h ,v1 #bj #bec #j #db #cf -#be #ej4f ,h ,v1 ,i #ebd #a #ai #cc #i #a4j ,h ,i1 #aea #eih #a #bh #ab #cj #h4f ,m #cc #fbh #a #ca #ai #ae #af ,m #gd #fej #a #cf #j #ea #d4j ,m #gf #hia #b #af #ae #da #ec4f ,h ,v1 #ai #ajbc #b #cd #h #ch #ch4j ,h ,i1 #aef #ajfh #b #cg #cd - #j #bf4c ,m #gg #ajhd #b #da #e - #h #j4j ,h ,i1 #fd 444 #c #da #bd ,pleiades 9 ,taurus #aeee #d #af #h #ai #ag ,t ,tauri & ,h9d's v>iable nebula #aica #e #bd #dh #cd #aj4a ,h ,i1 #bfa #aieb #e #bh #cj #ba #eg ,crab nebula 9 ,taurus 444 #e #cj - #e ,great nebula 9 ,orion #aigg #e #cj #bg - #d #ed4b ,h ,v1 #cj #bjbd #e #cf #dh - #a #ed4c ,h ,v1 #bh #bjfh #e #da #cg #j #j4h ,m #gh #bbci #f #be #cg #e #a4a ,clu/] & nebula 9 ,monoc]os #bbfd #f #ce #aj #j ,nebula ne> #ae ,monoc]otis #bbhg #f #db #dc -#bj #ch4d ,m #ad 444 #f #ei #dj -#aj #ah4b ,new nebula 9 ,monoc]os #bcei #g #ab #ed -#ac #b4j ,h ,v1 #ba #bcff #g #ah #ah #fi #ac4d ,h ,,iii1 #gdh #bcga-b #g #ai #f #bi #da4j ,h ,,ii1 #caf-g #bdjc #g #bg #i #fe #dh4i ,h ,v1 #dd #bdcg #g #ce #bd -#ad #ce4c ,clu/] & nebula ,m #df #bfcb #h #cd #bj ,praesepe clu/] #bfhc #h #df #bi #cc #dg4h ,h ,i1 #bjj #bhda #i #ae #f #ea #bd ,h ,i1 #bje #bijc-j #i #bf #ca #ba #eg ,h ,i1 #ef-eg #cjjc #i #db #ch #cc #eb4h ,h ,v1 #bf #cjca #i #dg #ah #fi #cb ,m #ha #cjgi #i #ee #i #ef #aj4a ,h ,v1 #dg #caae #aj #j #af - #g #ad4j ,h ,i1 #afc #cafi #aj #i #d #c #eg4g ,h ,i1 #d #cahd #aj #ab #ae #da #ee4a ,h ,i1 #afh #caih #aj #ac #db #df #c4g ,h ,i1 #aii #cbbf-g #aj #ag #ei #bj #bd4a ,h ,,ii1 #bh-bi #cbdb #aj #ai #bi -#ah #e ,h ,,iv1 #bg 444 #aj #ba #g #fh #eh ,new nebula 9 ,ursa ,major 7,codd+ton74 #ceef #aa #e #dj #ef #ac4j ,h ,v1 #df #cehg #aa #i #j #ee #cc4g ,owl nebula1 ,m #ig #cfbc #aa #ac #dc #ac #ch4d ,m #fe #cfbg #aa #ae #a #ac #cb ,m #ff #cgbf #aa #bg #ef #dg #ce4h ,h ,,ii1 #gcj #dbdd #ab #ab #bi #ch #bb4j ,h ,v1 #da #dbed #ab #ac #de #ad #ei ,m #ii #dbeh #ab #ad #b #dg #ea4f ,h ,v1 #dc #dcjc #ab #af #ah #e #a4g ,m #fa #dcba #ab #ag #eb #af #bb4g ,m #ajj #dchb #ab #bj #ba #ah #dd4g ,m #he #ddhe-i #ab #be #dj #db #ae4c ,h ,i1 #aig-aih #deja #ab #bf #ef #ad #eh4e ,m #hh #decf #ab #bi #bj #b #dd4b ,h ,v1 #b #deei #ab #cj #ei #bh #cj4f ,h ,i1 #ib #defe #ab #ca #bd #bf #cb4b ,h ,v1 #bd #dfca #ab #cg #ai #cc #e4i ,h ,v1 #db #dfef-e #ab #ci #f #cb #db4h ,h ,i1 #agf-g #dgbe #ab #de #cc #bf #c ,h ,i1 #hd #dgcf #ab #df #ac #da #ci4e ,m #id #dhbf #ab #ea #di #bb #ac4i ,m #fd #ejee #ac #aa #bj #db #cc4f ,m #fc #eaid-e #ac #be #ci #dg #db4f ,m #ea #ebdg #ac #cb #ci -#ag #bb4d ,h ,,ii1 #big #ebgb #ac #cg #ce #bh #ec ,m #c #edeg-h #ac #ei #ci #ed #ej ,m #aja #eheg-i #ae #b #ee #ai #eh4i ,h ,,ii1 #gea-b #ehff #ae #c #de #ef #i4j ,h ,i1 #bae #eijd #ae #ac #bi #b #bg ,m #e #fbje #af #ch #f #cf #ci4j ,m #ac #fbah #af #db #b - #a #df4b ,m #ab #fdab #ag #cb #da #ge #dg4c ,h ,,vi1 #da #fead #ag #ee #dc -#bc #b ,trifid nebula 9 ,sagitt>ius #febc #ag #eg #dc -#bd #bc ,m #h #fedc #ag #eh #ce #ff #ch ,h ,,iv1 #cg #ffah #ah #ae #j -#af #ac ,m #ag ,omega nebula #ffef #ah #cj #ag -#bc #ei4c ,m #bb #fgje #ah #de #db - #f #bc4c ,m #aa #fgbj #ah #di #ec #cb #ed4j ,m #eg #fhec #ai #ee #ag #bb #bg ,dumb-,bell nebula #fhid #bj #ab #bb #cj #ae4e ,h ,,iv1 #ac #fidf #bj #cb #dh #ei #dh4j ,h ,,iv1 #gf #fiea #bj #ce #dg #fe #de4d #fiie #bj #ec #j #cj #di4h #gjjh #bj #eg #ch #ed #i4e ,h ,i1 #aib #gjji #bj #eh #aa -#aa #dh ,h ,,iv1 #a #gjbc #ba #j #cj #fg #df4b ,h ,,iv1 #gd #gjgh #ba #be #i #aa #dc4g ,m #ae #gjhi #ba #bh #ai - #a #af4j ,m #b #gjii #ba #cd #db -#bc #ch4j ,m #cj #gbag #bb #c #bd #cj #eb4c ,h ,,ii1 #bjg #gcca #bb #cb #cj #cc #ec4i ,h ,i1 #ec #gddh #bb #ee #g #ae #bf4f ,h ,,ii1 #bea #gdgi #bb #ei #ef #aa #dg4j ,h ,i1 #ee #gecg-d #bc #i #ch #c #ei4d ,h ,,ii1 #dbi-cj #gffb #bc #ba #e #da #ei4b ,h ,,iv1 #ah #gghb #bc #dh #dg #g #bd4h ,h ,,iii1 #bcc #ghad #bc #eh #h #ae #cd4e ,h ,,ii1 #bdj #ghag #bc #eh #eb #bj #aa4f ,h ,,ii1 #bbg ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,catalogue ,,( ,,new ,,nebulae ,,discov]$ ,,on ,,! ,,negatives4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,no4,greek3 a,precession,greek3 d,precession ,description4 #aijj4j #aijj4j ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ h m s s deg4 ' '' '' #a #j #j #bg4d #c4jgcb #bj #cd #eg #bj4jdh v,s ee,f #b #j #cb #g4g #c4bgie #dg #ee #bi #ai4hee e,f ,n #c #j #cb #h4a #c4bhja #dh #a #bb #ai4hee ,f vb,m ,e#adj deg4 #d #j #cb #i4c #c4bggf #dg #cg #bd #ai4hee e,f b,m #e #j #cb #bh4h #c4bgii #dg #ci #e #ai4hea ,b v,e#gj deg4 #f #j #cc #bc4i #c4bfgd #dg #ee #e #ai4hda e,f v,s #g #j #ce #dc4a #c4cjji #dg #df #ah #ai4haj e,f v,s #h #j #dj #ea4a #b4igic -#ba #be #dh #ai4gcj #ah v,s ,r #i #j #dg #j4a #b4ihjd -#ba #i #ag #ai4gbg #af v,s b,m #c sep4 p>ts #aj #j #da #af4b #b4igha -#ba #bi #dc #ai4gbc #ah v,s ,r b,m #aa #j #da #af4g #b4igib -#ba #ae #b #ai4gbc #ah v,s ,r #ab #j #da #bi4g #b4igih -#ba #c #h #ai4gai #ah v,s b,m ,e#ej deg4 #ac #j #db #d4d #b4ifcc -#bf #j #g #ai4gaa #ag v,s ,r bsw #ad #j #db #cj4g #b4ighj -#bj #ef #ch #ai4gjc #ah v,s b,m ,e#aae deg4 #ae #j #db #cd4b #b4ifbj -#be #ei #aj #ai4gjb #ag v,s ,n ,e#afj deg4 #af #j #db #cg4f #b4iggf -#bj #eh #bh #ai4gja #ad ,s ,e /ell ,n #ag #j #db #ci4g #b4iggb -#ba #a #ed #ai4gja #ag v,s ,spiral b,m #ah #j #db #ci4i #b4iggd -#ba #j #c #ai4gjj #ah v,s ,r+8 #ai #j #db #dj4e #b4iggj -#ba #c #ee #ai4gjj #ae ,s ,spiral ,n b,m #bj #j #db #dj4f #b4igfb -#ba #ac #ed #ai4gjj #ah v,s ,r #ba #j #dc #aj4d #b4ifjc -#be #ei #cf #ai4fib #ah v,s ,r b,m #bb #j #dc #af4b #b4igcj -#ba #cg #ag #ai4fia #ah v,s dif #bc #j #dc #bg4a #b4ifac -#be #dj #ba #ai4fhh #ag v,s ,r ,n #bd #j #dc #bi4j #b4ieic -#bf #j #eg #ai4fhg #ah v,s ,r gb,m #be #j #dd #aj4h #b4igad -#ba #cj #bi #ai4fgf #ah v,s ,r #bf #j #dd #bf4f #b4igce -#bj #eh #ce #ai4fgb #ag v,s ,r b,m #bg #a #ah #cj4i #c4adge #i #bg #be #ah4hhg ,f ,s ,n #bh #a #ah #ec4e #c4adge #i #bd #bh #ah4hge ,f vb,m ,spiral8 #bi #a #ai #aa4c #c4adgd #i #ba #ec #ah4hfg ,f vb,m ,spiral8 #cj #a #ai #cj4g #c4adfg #i #ad #ah #ah4heg ,f b,m ,e #ca #a #bi #ej4g #c4baja #ae #f #cg #ah4ebf p,f ,e#de deg4 bp #cb #a #bi #ed4d #c4bafa #ae #dc #be #ah4ebd ,f ,r #cc #a #cj #bj4i #c4babg #ae #ag #ch #ah4eji v,f ,l ,r #cd #a #cj #bd4g #c4bacb #ae #bj #bh #ah4ejg p,f ,s v,f ext5sion #ace deg4 #ce #a #cj #ce4i #c4baec #ae #cb #b #ah4eja ,s p,b pmb ,m #cf #a #cj #ed4g #c4bagf #ae #dc #a #ah4dia vv,f v,s #cg #a #ca #e4j #c4bagi #ae #dc #ch #ah4dhe ,f ,s ,e#ie deg4 #ch #a #ca #ae4i #c4baei #ae #cj #dd #ah4dgh p,f ,s ,r #ci #a #ca #be4g #c4bahg #ae #dd #cd #ah4dgc v,f ,s ,r #dj #a #ca #dd4h #c4baid #ae #df #di #ah4dfb ,f ,l ,r gb,m #da #a #ca #dd4h #c4babf #ae #d #ah #ah4dfb ,f ,l gb,m ,r #db #a #cb #e4i #c4baeh #ae #bj #ed #ah4dej ,s p,b ,e#ace deg4 #dc #a #cb #da4c #c4baga #ae #bc #bb #ah4dcj v,f ,s ,e#de deg4 #dd #a #cb #dh4h #c4baef #ae #ab #bg #ah4dbd v,f p,l #de #a #cc #aj4d #c4bafh #ae #af #di #ah4dac v,f p,l gb,m #df #a #cc #ac4b #c4baff #ae #ae #ad #ah4dab p ,b ,r gb,m #dg #b #ad #aj4b #c4gcda #da #ej #h #af4gae p,f ,e#ace deg4 #dh #b #ad #bf4f #c4gcdi #da #di #a #af4gja p,b ,n ,r #di #b #ad #cc4i #c4gcjg #da #cg #ca #af4fif ,b ,n #ej #b #ad #cf4g #c4gcac #da #ch #bd #af4fid ,f #ea #b #ad #ee4j #c4gejf #db #bd #bj #af4fgg e,f v,s b,m ,e#ace deg4 #eb #b #ae #f4b #c4geag #db #be #f #af4ffh ,f gb,m ,e#acj deg4 ,spiral8 #ec #b #ae #ad4i #c4gdic #db #af #dd #af4ffa ,f pmb,m #ed #b #ae #af4a #c4gdhd #db #ad #d #af4fei ,f ,b99f #ee #b #ae #ch4d #c4gfff #db #ee #j #af4fda e,f v,s ,r #ef #b #ae #dc4h #c4gejc #db #ac #eh #af4fcg ,s ,f ,r #eg #b #ae #ef4e #c4ggbd #dc #e #bd #af4fbf ,f ,e#agj deg4 bsf #eh #b #af #a4j #c4geci #db #bj #ee #af4fbc ,b ,s vb,m ,e#aej deg4 bnp #ei #b #af #f4d #c4gdjc #da #dd #ea #af4fai ,s ,f ,r #fj #b #af #i4g #c4gdjh #da #de #bf #af4faf ,f ,s pmb,m #fa #b #af #ac4j #c4gfac #db #cf #cb #af4fac p,b vb,m ,e#aej deg4 ,spiral8 #fb #b #af #ca4a #c4gfdj #db #ci #bg #af4eih ee,f ,e#ej deg4 #fc #b #af #cd4e #c4gdab #da #db #f #af4eie p,b pmb,m #fd #b #af #dj4c #c4gfbj #db #cc #bb #af4eia ,b ,s pb,m #fe #b #af #dc4c #c4gdjc #da #ch #ad #af4ehh p,b ,e#j deg4 pmb,m #ff #b #af #ec4b #c4gfbe #db #cb #ab #af4ehj v,b ,s mb,m #fg #b #af #eg4h #c4gefg #db #af #dh #af4egf ,f tri,n np,n #fh #b #ag #ac4h #c4gdjc #db #bb #cg #af4efc p,b bs ,b99p ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,no4,greek3 a,precession,greek3 d,precession ,description4 #aijj4j #aijj4j ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ h m s s deg4 ' '' '' #fi #b #ag #ah4i #c4gffa #db #cf #ab #af4eei p,s p,b gb,m ,e#dj deg4 #gj #b #ag #bh4e #c4gdae #da #cc #c #af4eea p,f ,s ,r #ga #b #ag #bh4h #c4gefj #db #i #ce #af4eea v,f #gb #b #ag #cc4b #c4gfjf #db #bj #ag #af4edg ,f v,s bnp #gc #b #ag #cf4b #c4gghi #dc #c #be #af4ede ee,f ,s #gd #b #ag #cg4b #c4gdfi #da #de #b #af4edd ,f v,l vmb,m #ge #b #ag #da4h #c4geib #db #ae #h #af4edj ,s p,b bs #gf #b #ag #dc4c #c4geed #db #e #ba #af4eci ,f bsp #gg #b #ag #dd4f #c4gdda #db #ah #bh #af4ech ,b ,s ,e#ij deg4 b,m #gh #b #ag #de4e #c4gdbe #db #bb #de #af4ecg ,f ,l b,m ,n ,b99np #gi #b #ag #ej4h #c4ggdc #db #ej #bj #af4ecc p,b gb,m ,e#ace deg4 #hj #b #ag #ea4a #c4gdhd #da #df #bb #af4ecb p,b ,e#ace deg4 gb,m #ha #b #ah #j4b #c4ggdc #db #dh #cj #af4ebe v,f p,l gb,m ,e#ej deg4 #hb #b #ah #j4h #c4gejb #da #dh #ee #af4ebe p,f ,l #hc #b #ah #d4b #c4gfjc #db #ad #j #af4ebb ,s ,b vb,m #hd #b #ah #ad4h #c4gegi #db #g #bg #af4eac p,b ,e#aej deg4 ,spiral #he #b #ah #bc4f #c4ggib #db #ef #aj #af4ejg ee,f p,l ,e#abj deg4 #hf #b #ah #bf4g #c4gfjd #db #aj #h #af4ejc v,b ,e#de deg4 #hg #b #ah #cj4g #c4gdfe #da #cd #ac #af4dii ,f ,e#aej deg4 bnf #hh #b #ah #cc4e #c4gghd #db #eb #ai #af4dih ,b ,s gb,m #hi #b #ah #cd4j #c4gfbh #db #ad #dd #af4dig v,s v,f bsp #ij #b #ah #cg4d #c4ghcg #dc #d #bf #af4die ,s ,f bs #ia #b #ca #ea4c #c4gbji #ch #af #cj #ae4hjf v,f v,s #ib #b #cc #ec4i #c4gbie #ch #ai #bg #ae4fid ,f v,s ,n #ic #b #cc #ef4g #c4gdfa #ch #di #ae #ae4fia ,f ,s bn ,e#j deg4 long ,n #id #b #cd #g4e #c4gdje #ch #dc #d #ae4fha p,f ,s i tri,n #ie #b #cd #i4b #c4gcii #ch #dc #aj #ae4fhj p,f v,s #if #b #cd #aa4h #c4gbei #ch #g #ci #ae4fgh ,f ,l ,e#dj deg4 ,spiral on edge #ig #b #cd #dd4b #c4gdjb #ch #ch #bg #ae4fdh eee,f d\btful #ih #b #cd #dd4d #c4gdhh #ch #af #af #ae4fdh p,b ,n ,e#ej deg4 ,s pmb,m #ii #b #ce #a4j #c4gdfi #ch #ah #de #ae4fcb ,l ,f pmb,m #ajj #b #cf #cb4i #c4gdcf #ch #cj #bf #ae4edh ,s ,f ,e#ajj deg4 #aja #b #cf #ec4c #c4jffb - #j #bd #dh #ae4ebe v,s v,f gb,m #ajb #b #cg #f4j #c4jgbh - #j #b #dc #ae4eah v,s ,f m ,e#cj deg4 #ajc #b #ch #dd4b #c4jfhh - #j #af #bj #ae4dbg ,f ,s m ,e#hj deg4 #ajd #b #da #aa4f #b4iejc - #h #c #ag #ae4bid p,b v,s ,e#ace deg4 #aje #b #da #ec4g #b4iefd - #g #ch #i #ae4bed v,f v,s mb,m #ajf #b #db #ah4i #b4idii - #h #b #bg #ae4bcj ee,f ,s #ajg #d #ce #bb4i #c4jbdd - #b #ab #bj #g4bce #af ,s ,e#afe deg4 ,dif b,m #ajh #d #cf #j4f #c4jcjg - #a #ed #cg #g4ahc #ah v,s ,r #aji #d #cf #c4f #c4jcjj - #a #ef #db #g4agi #ag v,s ,r /ell #aaj #d #cf #ab4g #c4jccg - #a #df #ai #g4afg #af v,s ne>ly ,r b,m #aaa #d #cf #ae4b #c4jbch - #b #ac #ch #g4afd #ah v,s ,r 7,spiral87 #aab #d #cf #dj4e #c4jbea - #b #i #ec #g4abi #ah v,s ,r ,n #aac #d #cf #da4b #c4jbic - #a #eh #bc #g4abh #ah v,s ,e#cj deg4 bn #aad #d #cg #b4d #c4jbfh - #b #e #aj #g4jii #ah v,s dif #aae #d #cg #bf4h #c4jbih - #a #ef #ea #g4jff #ae v,s ,spiral ,b ,n 7/ell7 #aaf #e #bd #dh4a #c4ifgd #cd #f #bh #c4jge bright /ell ,n on nor? side #aag #g #ad #j4g #f4dijc #fi #ci #bj - #f4cfb #ag v,s b,m #aah #g #ad #bd4e #f4dfef #fi #ca #di #f4cie #ag v,s ,n ,r+ #aai #g #ad #cg4e #f4dbda #fi #ah #ae #f4dac #ag ,r b,m #abj #g #ae #de4f #f4dbhb #fi #ba #ce #f4ejg #ag v,s #aba #g #ae #ej4g #f4dhge #fi #da #bf #f4ead #af v,s ,r #abb #g #af #d4a #f4dgai #fi #cf #dj #f4ecb #ag v,s ,e#abe deg4 ,d8 #abc #g #af #h4j #f4dbai #fi #bj #d #f4ech #ah v,s ,e#gj deg4 #abd #g #af #ce4b #f4djii #fi #af #df #f4ege #af v,s i,f #abe #g #af #dh4j #f4degh #fi #cc #af #f4eic #ag v,s ,r #abf #g #ag #i4a #f4daai #fi #ah #be #f4fbb #ah v,s ,r #abg #g #ag #ch4e #f4dijf #fi #de #bi #f4ffb #ag v,s b,m ,r #abh #g #ag #de4c #f4dgej #fi #dj #cf #f4fgb #ag v,s ,r b,m #abi #g #ag #di4f #c4giaa #bi #da #di #f4fgg #ah v,s ,f99inv dif #acj #g #ag #di4g #f4dhdc #fi #dc #df #f4fgh #ag v,s ,e#ace deg4 b,m ,n ,spiral #aca #g #ah #aa4a #f4dged #fi #da #bh #f4gjg #af v,s dif #b or #c ,n #acb #g #ah #ad4d #c4ghch #bi #bg #da #f4gaa #ah v,s i,f ,n #acc #g #ah #bj4a #c4ghdj #bi #bh #bj #f4gai #ah v,s b,m #acd #g #ah #ba4a #c4giej #bi #ea #ah #f4gba #ah v,s b,m #ace #g #ah #db4b #c4ghcb #bi #bg #bc #f4gdi #ah v,s i,f sc #acf #g #ah #ea4j #f4fdcj #fi #ch #cb #f4gfc #ag v,s ,e#hj deg4 b,m ,n ,spiral on edge #acg #g #ah #ef4e #c4ghbg #bi #bg #g #f4gfi #ai v,s #ach #g #ai #aj4j #c4ghai #bi #bf #g - #f4ghh #ah v,s ,r b,m ,n ,spiral8 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,no4,greek3 a,precession,greek3 d,precession ,description4 #aijj4j #aijj4j ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ h m s s deg4 ' '' '' #aci #g #ai #aa4f #c4ghjj #bi #bb #ab - #f4gij #ah v,s b,m #adj #g #ai #aa4h #f4dfhc #fi #dj #ed #f4gij #ae v,s ,neb99 #ada #g #ai #be4b #f4dfji #fi #ch #ej #f4hji #af v,s ,r b,m ,n ,spiral8 #adb #g #ai #cj4j #c4ghgd #bi #ch #bb #f4haf #ah v,s #b,n ,r #adc #g #ai #cd4j #f4dfbi #fi #ci #df #f4hba #ag v,s ,r #add #g #ai #df4e #c4ghei #bi #ce #eh #f4hci #ah v,s b,m ,n ,r #ade #g #ai #dh4c #c4ghff #bi #cg #ba #f4hda #ah v,s ,r b,m #adf #g #ba #ac4d #f4dfid #fi #dd #ea #f4ieg #ag v,s ,r b,m ,n ,spiral8 #adg #g #ba #eg4i #f4dfdh #fi #dd #db #g4jah #ag v,s b,m ,n ,r ,spiral8 #adh #g #bd #h4j #e4hcjh #fe #ci #bh #g4aih p,b ,e#bjj deg4 bn #adi #g #cj #cg4b #e4hbig #fe #ec #af #g4gbj v,f v,s #aej #g #ca #aj4i #e4haci #fe #dg #j #g4gfg p,b ,s gpmb,m #aea #h #cb #ch4h #c4decf #ai #ef #cg #ab4chg #af ,s ,e#aj deg4 /ell ,n ,m 7,spiral on edge87 #aeb #h #cb #dj4b #c4decd #ai #ef #j #ab4chh #ag ,e#ie deg4 ,s dif #aec #h #cd #aa4f #c4debg #ai #ei #ej #ab4dic #ag v,s ,e#cj deg4 /ell ,n ,spiral8 #aed #h #ce #bh4i #c4debj #bj #b #dg #ab4eha #ag ,s ,spiral ,n #aee #h #cf #g4d #c4dead #bj #c #cc #ab4fbd #ag ,s ,r b,m ,n #aef #h #dd #dj4e #c4gedi #cd #ac #ba #ac4bjc e,f ,e#adj deg4 #aeg #h #df #a4i #c4gddb #cc #ej #eg #ac4bij v,f v,s #aeh #h #df #bf4h #c4gdjc #cc #dd #bf #ac4cah ,f v,s ,n ,e#abj deg4 ,spiral #aei #h #df #eb4f #c4gcig #cc #de #ai #ac4cde p,b e,s ,n ,r #afj #h #dg #bj4f #c4gejg #cd #ad #dc #ac4cgf e,f e,s bf #afa #h #dg #ef4i #c4geji #cd #ah #da #ac4dae ee,f #afb #i #ab #j4j #d4bjhc #ea #dg #bj #ad4hih ,l #ab m ,e#ace deg4 #afc #i #ab #b4a #d4bjfb #ea #dd #cb #ad4ijd #af ,e#hj deg4 bs ,s #afd #i #ab #ab4e #d4bjja #ea #cf #ed #ad4iaj #ag v,s ,r+ bs #afe #i #ab #ch4j #d4aiej #ea #ca #dc #ad4ici #af ,e#aee deg4 gbm #aff #i #ab #dj4d #d4ahfb #ea #ah #j #ad4icf #af v,s ,e#ae deg4 /ell ,n #afg #i #ab #de4d #d4ahce #ea #af #cd #ad4idb #af ,e#ge deg4 vb,n ,spiral8 #afh #i #ac #ed4c #d4ahad #ea #bb #de #ae4jji #ah v,s ,n b,m #afi #i #ad #j4e #d4ahci #ea #bf #ec #ae4jaf #ah v,s sc,nuclei #agj #i #ae #bc4i #d4affb #ea #aa #df #ae4jia #ag v,s ,r #aga #i #ae #bd4f #d4afeb #ea #aj #ab #ae4jia #ag v,s b,n ,r+ or ,spiral #agb #i #ae #bi4c #d4afeh #ea #aa #ei #ae4jif #ag ,s ,r #agc #i #ae #dd4f #d4afca #ea #aa #bf #ae4aaa #ae ,b b,m ,e#ade deg4 #agd #i #af #f4c #d4ahba #ea #db #aa #ae4acf #ag ,r ,s #age #i #af #ad4f #d4afch #ea #ae #db #ae4adb #ag ,l v,f b,m #agf #i #af #ca4f #d4aebh #ea #df #cb #ae4afh #ag ,r ,s bs #agg #i #bd #bj4b #c4djie #ba #di #ej #ae4eig v,f v,s #agh #i #bd #cf4h #c4djhd #ba #dh #f #ae4fab p,b bs ,s #agi #i #be #eh4e #c4djdg #ba #de #be #ae4fhg e,f ,e#he deg4 #ahj #i #bf #bb4e #c4djdf #ba #dh #ej #ae4gaa p,b ,s ,r gpmb,m ,n #aha #i #bh #j4b #c4djbj #ba #eb #cf #ae4hja ee,f v,s #ahb #i #da #c4f #c4ehee #cc #eh #bd #af4dgd #af v,s b,m ,e#ge deg4 #ahc #i #da #i4i #c4ehej #cc #eh #ab #af4dhj #ae v,s sb,m ,spiral #ahd #i #db #i4j #c4eggi #cc #de #di #af4ebh #ag v,s ,n ,spiral8 #ahe #i #db #di4e #c4ehbb #cd #f #aa #af4efa #af v,s b,m #ahf #i #dc #ab4d #c4ehje #cd #d #dc #af4ehj #ae v,s sb,m ,n ,spiral #ahg #i #dc #bi4b #c4eghi #cd #b #bf #af4eid #af v,s bnw ,r #ahh #i #dd #ac4j #c4egfd #cd #b #g #af4fcj #ad v,s b,m ,n ,spiral #ahi #i #dd #bd4f #c4egfj #cd #c #a #af4fdj #af v,s ,r ,n ,spiral8 #aij #i #dd #dd4d #c4effh #cc #cg #bg #af4fef #ag v,s ,e#bj deg4 #aia #i #dd #eb4h #e4jegd #fi #bh #ac #af4fgj p,b v,s ,r gpmb,m #aib #i #dg #e4g #d4ihie #fi #e #bg #af4ggf p,f ,s bf ,e#ij deg4 #aic #i #dg #bb4b #d4iheh #fi #e #be #af4gij v,f dif #aid #i #ej #ai4d #d4iiae #fi #cj #dj #af4icj p,f ,s ,e#abj deg4 #aie #i #ej #eb4h #d4iicj #fi #ce #bf #af4iee ee,f ,s ,e#abj deg4 #aif #i #ej #ei4a #e4jjfh #fi #dd #j #af4iei p,b ,s ,e#ej deg4 pmb,m ,spiral #aig #i #eb #bi4b #d4ibai #fi #f #ea #ag4jci e,f ,e#ajj deg4 #aih #i #ed #d4a #d4aaji #ef #e #ec #ag4jif #aa v,s neb99 #aii #i #ed #bd4g #d4aafg #ef #ah #ch #ag4aaa #ah v,s ,r #bjj #i #ed #bf4e #d4aaba #ef #aa #ec #ag4aac #ae v,s ,e#ie deg4 b,m #bja #i #ee #ad4j #d4aafb #ef #bg #ac #ag4adh #ag v,s ,r #bjb #i #ef #df4b #d4jhgb #ef #j #ah #ag4bai #ag v,s ,r b,m #bjc #i #eg #bi4e #d4jieb #ef #bj #cc #ag4bej #ae v,s ,r ,n #bjdaj #j #ae4c #b4ihci - #g #cc #cd #ag4cgb #ag v,s sb,n ,spiral #bjeaj #j #dj4d #b4iiji - #f #ei #be #ag4cia #ag v,s /ell sb,n #bjfaj #j #db4h #b4ihej - #g #bi #ej #ag4cib #aa ,s ,d i,f gb,n bn #bjgaj #a #di4g #b4ihia - #g #ab #aa #ag4dda #ag v,s /ell #bjhaj #f #ej4a #c4aaja #c #ej #eg -#ag4fec #ad v,s ,d neb99 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,no4,greek3 a,precession,greek3 d,precession ,description4 #aijj4j #aijj4j ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ h m s s deg4 ' '' '' #bjiaj #g #ah4a #c4aaab #d #e #cj -#ag4fga #af v,s i,f b,m #bajaj #g #ah4e #c4aaab #d #d #be #ag4fgb #af v,s b,m ,n ,spiral ,e#ej deg4 #baaaj #g #eh4d #c4aabh #c #eh #dd #ag4fii #af v,s sb,m ,n ,spiral ,e#bj deg4 #babaj #h #bj4f #c4aacg #c #eb #ac #ag4gad #ae ,s i,f b,m #bacaj #i #dj4g #c4aafi #d #h #cd #ag4gfi #ah v,s ,r #badaj #i #dd4h #c4aaga #d #i #dg #ag4ggb #ag v,s sb,m ,n ,spiral8 ,e#de deg4 #baeaj #i #dh4c #c4fbij #db #j #bj #ag4ggf #af ,e#ie deg4 #cc'' long small spur foll[s ,e#de deg4 #bafaj #i #ej4b #c4aagb #d #aj #ej #ag4ggf #ag v,s b,m ,n ,r #bagaj #i #eh4i #c4fbid #db #d #f #ag4ghc #ag v,s ,r #bahaj #aj #c4j #c4fcah #db #ab #ae #ag4ghf #ag vv,s /ell #baiaj #aj #ae4e #c4fbje #da #ci #eb #ag4gic #ae ,s ,e#fj deg4 #bbjaj #aj #af4h #c4fcag #db #ae #ef #ag4gie v,s ,r /ell #bbaaj #aj #af4h #c4fcaa #db #ad #g #ag4gie #ah vv,s sb,n ,spiral8 #bbbaj #aj #ba4h #c4aahd #c #ea #eb #ag4gig #ag v,s b,m ,n ,spiral #bbcaj #aj #bc4j #c4faid #da #ch #bd #ag4gih #af v,s b,m ,spiral ,n #bbdaj #aj #bc4i #c4fbjh #da #db #dg #ag4gii #ah vv,s ,r ,spiral8 ,n #bbeaj #aj #bd4e #c4fbjf #da #db #da #ag4hjj #ah vv,s sb,n i,f #bbfaj #aj #ej4i #c4fbcj #da #ef #de #ag4hag #ah vv,s i,f #bbgaj #aj #ed4d #c4fbde #db #b #bc #ag4hai #ag v,s i,f #bbhaj #aa #dd4j #c4fbbb #db #g #ca #ag4heb #ah vv,s bn i,f #bbiaj #aa #dd4j #c4fbba #db #g #c #ag4heb #ah vv,s ,spiral sb,n #bcjaj #aa #dg4e #c4fbaj #db #d #bg #ag4hed #ag v,s sb,n ,spiral #bcaaj #aa #eb4a #c4fide #de #dj #eb #ag4hef ,f ,s ,r gb,m bf #bcbaj #aa #eb4b #c4fbad #db #f #ef #ag4heg #ah vv,s i,f /ell #bccaj #ab #f4b #c4faad #da #cf #ej #ag4hfa #aj ,s neb99 #bcdaj #ab #ba4h #c4fbca #db #ai #ee #ag4hgh #ag v,s sb,n ,spiral #bceaj #ab #bi4a #c4faib #db #h #ed #ag4hhb #ag v,s sb,n ,spiral #bcfaj #ab #ca4e #c4fbjd #db #ac #af #ag4hhc #af v,s /ell #bcgaj #ab #cc4d #c4fahd #db #g #df #ag4hhd #ah v,s ,e#ajj deg4 ,spiral8 #bchaj #ab #da4e #c4fici #de #ea #cd #ag4hij eee,f88 #bciaj #ab #dc4b #c4faej #da #ei #h #ag4hia #ag v,s sb,m ,n #bdjaj #ab #dc4e #c4fafh #db #e #af #ag4hia #af vv,s b,n /ell #bdaaj #ab #dh4a #c4fidj #de #ec #da #ag4hid ,f v,s ,r gb,m #bdbaj #ab #ej4f #c4fidj #de #ed #aa #ag4hif ,f ,s ,e#ij deg4 #bdcaj #ab #ea4c #c4fafc #db #e #bc #ag4hig #ah vv,s ,r /ell #bddaj #ab #eg4h #c4facf #da #eh #ci #ag4ija #ah vv,s i,f #bdeaj #ac #j4d #c4fbab #db #bc #e #ag4ijb #af v,s i,b ,n ,spiral ,e#cj deg4 #bdfaj #ac #d4a #c4fiii #df #ad #ag #ag4ije ,b ,s ,e#acj deg4 ,spiral on edge #bdgaj #ac #aj4a #c4gjaj #df #ah #ej #ag4iji ,b ,r vm b,m #bdhaj #ac #ai4g #c4fifj #df #g #ae #ag4iae e,f ,s ,r b,m #bdiaj #ac #cc4h #c4fagj #db #ag #bh #ag4ibd #ah v,s /ell #bejaj #ac #cg4a #c4fjed #da #db #ci #ag4ibg #ag v,s ,spiral /ell ,n #beaaj #ac #dd4b #c4faei #db #af #ag #ag4ibi #ag v,s ,r gb,n #bebaj #ac #df4j #c4faaj #db #a #ae #ag4icc #ag vv,s gb,n ,spiral ,n #becaj #ac #dh4e #c4figb #df #ag #eg #ag4icd ,f ,s ,e#agj deg4 ,spiral8 #bedaj #ac #ec4i #c4fjcf #da #da #a #ag4ich #ah v,s sb,n #beeaj #ac #ed4e #c4fajg #db #c #ca #ag4ich #ag v,s ,r gb,n #befaj #ac #eg4i #c4fajc #db #c #e #ag4idj #ag v,s i,f gb,n #begaj #ad #j4j #c4fjcb #da #da #i #ag4idb #ah vv,s i,f #behaj #ad #e4e #c4fhab #de #cg #a #ag4idd v,f vv,s ,r #beiaj #ad #aa4e #c4faac #db #i #aj #ag4idi #ah vv,s b,n ,spiral #bfjaj #ad #ab4e #c4faac #db #i #dd #ag4idi #ag v,s sb,n ,spiral #bfaaj #ad #bd4b #c4fajd -#db #i #db #ag4ieh #ai vv,s i,f ,e#acj deg4 #bfbaj #ad #bf4h #c4fhfe #de #eg #bg #ag4ieh ,b ,s ,e#de deg4 #bfcaj #ad #cc4j #c4fghe #de #cf #ci #bg4ifb v,f v,s ,e#ajj deg4 #bfdaj #ad #ce4g #c4fbej #db #j #ca #ag4ife #ag v,s ,spiral ,n ,e#ajj deg4 #bfeaj #ad #df4c #c4fiaf #df #af #dj #ag4igb vv,f ,e#ajj deg4 sp9dle %ap$ #bffaj #ad #eb4c #c4fggi #de #ci #ei #ag4ige v,f ,s ,r #bfgaj #ae #bb4e #c4fhff #df #aa #dj #ag4iie ,f ,r ,s gb,m #bfhaj #af #ag4d #c4fgfe #de #eg #i #ah4jca ,f ,s ,r gb,m #bfiaj #af #bg4a #d4ehdd #fh #ec #aj #ah4jch ,s p,b bf #bgjaj #af #cg4a #c4fgfa #df #a #a #ah4jdd ,f pmb,m ,e#aj deg4 #bgaaj #ag #h4j #c4bhgb #bj #ai #df #ah4jfb #ac v,s sb,m ,n ,spiral ,e#ace deg4 #bgbaj #ag #ab4g #c4bhfh #bj #ah #af #ah4jfe #ac v,s gb,m ,spiral #bgcaj #ag #ai4f #c4bhfe #bj #ag #dg #ah4jgj #ad v,s gb,n #bgdaj #ag #dg4a #c4bhii #bj #dj #eh #ah4jhg #ae v,s i,f gb,m #bgeaj #ag #ec4f #c4bhhj #bj #ca #eg #ah4jia #ad ,s sb,m ,n ,spiral ,e#acj deg4 #bgfaj #ah #g4a #c4bijf #bj #dg #be #ah4ajj #ac v,s sb,m ,n ,spiral #bggaj #ai #e4b #c4bhgj #bj #ch #db #ah4acf #ac ,s sb,m ,n ,spiral #bghaj #ai #f4i #c4bheg #bj #cb #ba -#ah4acg #af v,s i,f gb,m ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,no4,greek3 a,precession,greek3 d,precession ,description4 #aijj4j #aijj4j ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ h m s s deg4 ' '' '' #bgiaj #ai #aj4c #c4bhhe #bj #dg #ch -#ah4aci #ad v,s /ell #bhjaj #ai #bj4f #d4efce #fi #i #ea #ah4adi ,s p,f ,r #bhaaj #bd #f4b #d4dhfc #fh #ei #ca #ah4cag v,s ,f ,e#ie deg4 #bhbaa #a #eb4g #c4egja #ee #ei #j #ai4djg #af v,s b,n i,f #bhcaa #b #e4h #c4egec #ef #be #af #ai4dab #ae v,s neb99 #bhdaa #b #i4e #c4effj #ee #ec #ca #ai4dac #af ,s gb,m ,e#ajj deg4 #bheaa #b #bb4f #c4egdj #ef #bh #bi #ai4dai #ae v,s /ell #bhfaa #b #ed4f #c4efdg #ef #aa #dc #ai4dbi #ae v,s sb,m /ell ,n #bhgaa #c #h4j #c4efac #ef #f #bf #ai4dce #ag v,s ,n #bhhaa #c #ab4c #c4efbj #ef #aa #ag #ai4dce #af v,s sb,n ,r ,spiral8 #bhiaa #c #bb4g #c4eebc #ee #eh #dc #ai4dci #ad v,s neb99 #bijaa #d #cb4b #c4eeaj #ef #ab #i #ai4dfc #ag v,s /ell #biaaa #d #dd4h #c4edfg #ef #d #i #ai4dfg #ae ,s ,r sb,m ,n ,spiral #bibaa #d #dg4g #c4edfi #ef #e #dj #ai4dfh #ag v,s ,r neb99 #bicaa #d #eg4c #c4edcg #ee #ei #af #ai4dga #ag v,s /ell #bidaa #e #f4b #c4edbf #ef #j #bf #ai4dgd ,two #ah mag4 objects1 i,f1 close toge!r #bieaa #e #af4a #c4ecgi #ee #dh #eh #ai4dgh #af v,s4 ,uni=m brightness #bifaa #e #bj4h #c4edca #ef #h #df #ai4dgi #ag v,s i,f /ell #bigaa #e #bb4a #c4ecgc #ee #di #bj #ai4dhj #ae v,s ,r gb,m ,n ,spiral #bihaa #e #ce4b #c4edjh #ef #h #ah #ai4dhd #af v,s ,r gb,m #biiaa #e #db4c #c4echg #ef #d #cc #ai4dhg #ah v,s sb,m ,n ,r+ #cjjaa #e #ej4e #c4edab #ef #af #eh #ai4dij #ag v,s sb,m ,n ,spiral8 #cjaaa #e #ed4h #c4ebii #ee #dj #aa #ai4dic vv,f ,e#ge deg4 #cjbaa #e #eh4b #c4ebij #ee #cg #cc #ai4did ,s v,f ,r #cjcaa #f #a4f #c4eceb #ef #a #ci #ai4did #af v,s ,r sb,m ,n ,spiral #cjdaa #f #f4a #c4ecbb #ee #ec #ea #ai4die #ag v,s gb,m i,f #cjeaa #f #h4h #c4ecdg #ef #c #bc #ai4dif #ag ,s vm ,e#he deg4 #cjfaa #f #ab4e #c4ebib #ee #de #bb #ai4dii v,f ,e#ajj deg4 sp9dle %ap$ #cjgaa #f #ai4a #c4ecab #ee #ef #cg #ai4ejj #ag v,s dif #cjhaa #f #bc4g #c4ecje #ee #ef #dd #ai4eja v,s i,f dif #cjiaa #f #bg4a #c4ecjj #ee #ef #dj #ai4ejb #ag v,s gb,m i,f #cajaa #f #bh4d #c4ecjc #ee #eh #d #ai4ejc #af v,s sb,m ,n ,spiral #caaaa #f #db4j #c4eccj #ef #ac #cc #ai4ejg #af v,s b,m ,e#aej deg4 #cabaa #f #dc4j #c4ebig #ef #c #ac #ai4ejh #ag v,s dif i,f #cacaa #f #de4j #c4ebih #ef #d #ah #ai4ejh #ag v,s dif i,f #cadaa #f #ea4a #c4ecac #ef #ab #bd #ai4eaj #ag v,s sb,m ,n ,spiral #caeaa #f #ee4d #c4ebfb #ee #eg #aa #ai4eab #af v,s ,r sb,m ,n ,spiral #cafaa #g #f4g #c4ebie #ef #ac #cf #ai4eaf #ac ,s sb,m ,n ,spiral ,e#gj deg4 #cagaa #g #aj4- 444 #ef #ad #j- 444 #af v,s /ell i,f neb8 #cahaa #g #ae4i #c4ecjd #ef #ba #i #ai4eai #ae v,s ,r sb,m ,n ,spiral #caiaa #g #bc4i #c4ebdh #ef #e #eh #ai4ebb #ae v,s neb99 #cbjaa #g #cb4d #c4ebci #ef #g #a #ai4ebe #af v,s sb,m ,n ,spiral #cbaaa #g #eg4e #c4ebcj #ef #ae #eh #ai4ecc #af v,s gb,m ,e#be deg4 #cbbaa #g #ei4f #c4eagb #ee #eg #dg #ai4ecd #af v,s neb99 #cbcaa #h #a4h #c4eaag #ee #cf #ag #ai4ecd p,b ,s ,r #cbdaa #h #c4d #c4eagg #ef #a #ac #ai4ecf #af v,s sb,m #cbeaa #h #d4i #c4eaec #ee #ea #be #ai4ecf ,s ,f gb,m ,e#ajj deg4 #cbfaa #h #ag4d #c4ebjj #ef #ae #ah #ai4edj #ab ,s gb,n be ,spiral ,e#cj deg4 #cbgaa #h #be4j #c4eagh #ef #ab #ba #ai4edc #ag v,s /ell #cbhaa #h #df4c #c4eaag #ef #a #eh #ai4eej #ae v,s /ell ,n #cbiaa #h #ei4b #c4ejdc #ee #ch #ac #ai4eec p,b ,s ,e#afj deg4 #ccjaa #i #aj4g #c4ejjf #ee #cj #ah #ai4eef ,b irr ,b99n #ccaaa #i #bj4g #c4ejcd #ee #de #db #ai4eei v,s ,b ,e#ajj deg4 b,m #ccbaa #i #ch4j #c4didh #ee #bc #bg #ai4efe ,s p,f ,r ano!r app>5tly di/9ct neb np #cccaa #i #da4g #c4ejdf #ef #j #b #ai4eff ,l ,b pmb,m ,r #ccdaa #i #ef4g #c4digh #ee #dc #da #ai4ega v,s ,b ,e#ace deg4 sp9dle %ap$ #cceaa #aj #ad4e #c4dhgc #ee #ad #eg #ai4egh ,s ,b ,e#ij deg4 gb,m #ccfaa #aj #bh4i #c4dhgj #ee #ai #dh #ai4eha ,s p,f ,e#ace deg4 companion n #ccgaa #aj #dc4h #c4dibi #ee #di #ee #ai4ehg v,s ,f ,e#ajj deg4 bf #cchaa #aj #eh4e #c4diac #ee #ad #ej #ai4eib ,s ,b ,r vmb,m #cciaa #aa #a4j #c4dhag #ee #ag #dg #ai4eic ,s ,b ,e#de deg4 bsf #cdjaa #aa #d4b #c4dhji #ee #af #bc #ai4eid ,b ,spiral #cdaaa #aa #cf4e #c4dghj #ee #ba #de #ai4fjd vv,f ,s ,r #cdbaa #ab #bc4h #c4dgai #ee #bc #aa #ai4fai v,b ,s e ,e#agj deg4 #cdcaa #ac #ba4b #c4acfj #ac #ae #cc #ai4fcb ,b ,s ,r neb99 #cddaa #ac #bb4g #c4acfb #ac #ag #bi #ai4fcc ,s ,f gb,m #cdeaa #be #ac4d #c4bicc #dg #cd #g #ai4hah ,s p,b ,n #cdfaa #bf #dj4e #c4chdh #dg #ci #h #ai4hcf v,s ,f #cdgaa #bg #b4h #c4bhbh #dg #db #ac #ai4hdj v,s ,f #cdhaa #bg #aj4c #c4bggd #dg #b #de -#ai4hdb v,s ,f gb,m ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,no4,greek3 a,precession,greek3 d,precession ,description4 #aijj4j #aijj4j ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ h m s s deg4 ' '' '' #cdiaa #bg #bh4f #c4bgig #dg #ch #ed -#ai4hdf v,s ,b vmb,m ,spiral #cejaa #bg #da4i #c4bgeg #dg #af #dh #ai4hdh v,s ,b ,e#ace deg4 #ceaaa #bh #ah4a #c4bfih #df #ei #bb #ai4hef v,s ,f #cebaa #bh #ej4b #c4bfid #dg #bd #df #ai4hfb v,s ,b #cecaa #bi #bc4d #c4bffh #dg #cb #ca #ai4hfi v,s v,b ,n ,e#ajj deg4 #cedaa #cj #c4f #c4bfjc #dg #ac #ef #ai4hgg p,s p,f #ceeab #aj #cf4g #c4jbcj #ch #cj #cf #bj4jbf ,s p,b bf #cefab #aj #de4c #c4jbcb #ch #d #dd #bj4jbe ,s p,b ,e#ie deg4 #cegab #aj #ea4h #c4jbah #ch #cd #c #bj4jbe ,s p,b bf #cehab #aa #ah4a #b4iiif #dg #ea #cf #bj4jbe #ae v,s /ell #ceiab #aa #bg4c #b4iihg #dg #di #b #bj4jbd #ae v,s ,e#ace deg4 sb,m ,n ,spiral #cfjab #aa #df4g #b4iief #dh #f #b #bj4jbb #af ,s ,e#fe deg4 #cfaab #aa #dh4e #b4iifa #dg #ee #j #bj4jbb #ae v,s ,r sb,m s,n ,spiral #cfbab #aa #ej4a #c4jagf #ch #bg #cd #bj4jba ,s v,f #cfcab #ab #g4j #b4iice #dh #e #eh #bj4jbj #ae v,s ,r #cfdab #ab #ab4b #c4jecf #ad #de #bb #bj4jai #ag v,s ,r b,m #cfeab #ab #af4d #c4jebi #ae #aj #bf #bj4jai #ah v,s ,r #cffab #ab #ai4g #c4jecb #ad #ed #f #bj4jah #ah v,s ,r #cfgab #ab #bc4b #c4jebg #ae #aa #cd #bj4jah #ah v,s v,f dif #cfhab #ab #bc4e #c4jece #ad #ci #de #bj4jah #ah v,s ,e#afj deg4 #cfiab #ab #be4g #c4jebi #ae #a #dj #bj4jah #ah v,s ,r #cgjab #ab #cf4c #b4iijc #dh #e #be #bj4jag #af v,s dif vgb,m #cgaab #ab #db4j #c4jebi #ad #de #ea #bj4jaf #ah v,s v,f ,r #cgbab #ab #dd4d #c4jecj #ad #ch #h #bj4jaf #ah v,s dif #cgcab #ab #de4j #c4jade #cg #eg #i #bj4jaf ,s ,f ,r #cgdab #ab #de4f #b4iiji #dg #ch #ag #bj4jaf #af v,s i,f #cgeab #ab #ea4e #c4jebf #ad #dd #db #bj4jaf #ah v,s ,r bs #cgfab #ab #ed4d #b4ihie #dg #de #ca #bj4jaf #ag v,s i,f dif #cggab #ab #ed4f #c4jebc #ad #ed #j #bj4jae #ah v,s ,e#aaj deg4 #cghab #ab #ef4b #c4jeba #ae #j #b #bj4jae #ag v,s ,r b,m #cgiab #ac #b4j #c4jeai #ae #b #bh #bj4jae #ag v,s ,r ,n #chjab #ac #e4f #c4jeae #ae #ae #d #bj4jad #ah v,s v,f dif #chaab #ac #g4i #c4jeah #ae #j #h #bj4jad #ah v,s ,r b,m #chbab #ac #i4e #c4jeae #ae #ab #dc #bj4jad #ag v,s ,r ,n #chcab #ac #ac4a #c4jabj #ch #f #df #bj4jad v,s v,f #chdab #ac #cj4a #c4jajh #ch #d #dc #bj4jac ,s ,f #cheab #ac #cc4h #c4jajh #cg #eg #bi #bj4jac p,l v,f ,r #chfab #ac #cf4f #c4jeaj #ae #d #da #bj4jab #ah v,s ,r #chgab #ac #cg4c #c4jead #ad #dg #cb #bj4jab #ah v,s ,r ,n #chhab #ac #dc4h #c4jeab #ad #dg #bh #bj4jaa #ah v,s ,r #chiab #ac #ec4a #c4jeje #ae #f #dh #bj4jaj #ah v,s ,e#abj deg4 #cijab #ac #ec4f #c4jejf #ae #d #j #bj4jaj #ag v,s ,e#ajj deg4 ,n #ciaab #ac #eg4d #c4jeje #ae #c #cd #bj4jaj #ah v,s ,r ,n #cibab #ac #eh4f #c4jeaj #ad #dj #dd #bj4jaj #ai v,s v,f #cicab #ad #e4b #c4jejh #ad #da #aj #bj4jji #ah v,s ,r bn #cidab #ad #f4b #c4jejb #ae #e #ca #bj4jji #ai v,s ,e#aaj deg4 /ell ,n #cieab #ad #ab4g #b4ihae #dg #ch #de #bj4jji #ag v,s sb,m ,spiral #cifab #ad #bb4h #c4jdig #ae #h #ca #bj4jjh #ah v,s ,e#acj deg4 #cigab #ad #be4c #c4jdii #ad #eg #dh #bj4jjh #ag v,s ,r ,n #cihab #ad #ca4a #c4jdig #ad #eh #ej #bj4jjg #ah v,s ,r #ciiab #ad #dd4j #c4jdif #ad #ej #ej #bj4jjf #ah v,s ,r ,n #djjab #ad #di4b #c4jdhi #ae #aa #ch #bj4jje #ah v,s v,f #djaab #ae #d4i #c4jdij #ad #ec #d #bj4jjd #ah v,s dif #djbab #ae #e4j #c4jdib #ad #da #cj #bj4jjd #ah v,s ,r two ,n #djcab #ae #aa4j #c4jfdc #d #de #bb #bj4jjc p,f v,e#ae deg4 #djdab #ae #aa4a #c4jdhc #ae #ac #cg #bj4jjc #ag v,s ,e#abj deg4 b,m #djeab #ae #bb4g #c4jdhb #ae #f #de #bj4jjb #ag v,s ,r #djfab #ae #ca4b #c4jdhd #ad #dg #cd #bj4jjb #ah v,s ,e#aej deg4 #djgab #ae #ci4c #c4jdgh #ae #aa #aj #bj4jja #ah v,s ,r #djhab #af #aj4e #c4jfch #e #aa #ae #ai4iig ,f p,s #djiab #af #ab4d #c4jfdg #d #cg #eb #ai4iig v,f ,s bn #dajab #af #ca4b #c4jdch #af #cb #af #ai4iie #af ,s ,e#j deg4 sb,m ,n ,spiral #daaab #af #cd4g #c4jddb #af #ah #j #ai4iie #af ,s sb,m /ell ,n ,r ,spiral8 #dabab #af #cf4g #c4jddb #af #ac #cj #ai4iid #ah v,s i,f #dacab #af #di4f #c4jdci #af #ab #j #ai4iic #ag v,s gb,m i,f #dadab #ag #c4e #c4jdcb #af #ba #ad #ai4iia #ah ,s dif i,f ,e#ace deg4 #daeab #ag #e4- #c4jddf #ae #ef #cj- #ai4iia #ag v,s sb,m ,spiral ,n #dafab #ag #e4b #c4jdca #af #bc #bj #ai4iia #ah vs bs ,r #dagab #ag #ab4a #c4jfch #d #ej #bc #ai4iia ,f v,s l ,e#ej deg4 #dahab #ag #ad4c #c4jdbi #af #ba #af #ai4iij #ag v,s dif gb,m ,r ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,no4,greek3 a,precession,greek3 d,precession ,description4 #aijj4j #aijj4j ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ h m s s deg4 ' '' '' #daiab #ag #ae4f #c4jdcj #af #ag #ah -#ai4iij #af,s sb,m ,n ,spiral #dbjab #ag #ba4j #c4jfcc #e #g #ad #ai4iij 6 p,b ,l ,spiral #dbaab #ag #bi4e #c4jfci #d #da #ec #ai4ihi v,f v,s #dbbab #ag #cg4j #c4jfci #d #da #ac #ai4ihi v,f v,s #a;,e#de deg4 #dbcab #ag #eg4i #c4jdad #af #bg #cf #ai4ihe #ag,s gb,m ,spiral ,e#ace deg4 #dbdab #ah #e4a #c4jfcc #d #ed #ec #ai4ihf vv,f vs #dbeab #ah #af4b #c4jdaa #af #bb #cj #ai4ihc #ae,s sb,m ,n ,spiral8 #dbfab #ah #ag4d #c4jdji #af #be #bb #ai4ihc #ahv,s /ell ,n ,spiral #dbgab #ah #ai4c #c4jfbi #e #j #dj #ai4ihc ee,f ,s #dbhab #ah #cd4f #c4jceb #ah #ed #de #ai4iha #ahv,s ,r diffic #dbiab #ah #dj4d #c4jceb #ah #di #da #ai4ihj #ahv,s v,f ,e#afj'' #dcjab #ai #ag4d #c4jchh #af #cg #cg #ai4igf #agv,s ,r gb,n ,spiral #dcaab #ai #de4e #c4jccc #ah #de #a #ai4igb #aev,s ,e#de deg4 /ell ,n #dcbab #bj #j4g #c4jcii #af #ae #eg #ai4iga #ah v,s i,f #dccab #bj #i4a #c4jcgd #af #ch #ea #ai4igj #ag ,s gb,m ,n ,e#fj deg4 ,spiral on edge #dcdab #bj #aj4i #c4jcgb #af #dj #bg #ai4igj #ag v,s ,r sb,m ,n ,spiral #dceab #bj #ba4c #c4jcbb #ah #da #dj #ai4ifh #ah v,s ,r b,m #dcfab #bj #ba4h #c4jcfi #af #dj #dj #ai4ifh #ah v,s i,f dif #dcgab #bj #bb4h #c4jcad #ai #b #cb #ai4ifh #ah v,s ,r #dchab #bj #ce4b #c4jcbc #ah #bf #eb #ai4iff #ah v,s ,r b,m #dciab #bj #dj4h #c4jcjg #ai #d #af #ai4iff #ah v,s v,f ,r #ddjab #ba #ba4i #c4jbif #ah #ei #eh #ai4ifj #ah v,s ,r b,m #ddaab #ba #ci4b #c4jbif #ah #da #bi #ai4ieh #ah vs ,r #ddbab #ba #ee4c #c4jbig #ah #ce #cg #ai4ief #ag vs ,r b,m #ddcab #ba #ef4e #c4jbhb #ai #d #ad #ai4ief #ah v,s ,r b,m #dddab #ba #ei4h #c4jbij #ah #db #j #ai4ief #ah v,s ,e#abj deg4 #ddeab #bb #ac4c #c4jbhb #ah #di #g #ai4ied #ag v,s ,r b,m #ddfab #be #bd4g #c4jccf #ad #db #df #ai4ibd #ad ,s ,e#fj deg4 #ddgab #be #ce4f #c4jcbj #ae #h #cc #ai4ibb #ah v,s dif #ddhab #be #dg4a #c4jcaf #ae #aa #ac #ai4iba #ae v,s b,m i,f #ddiab #be #di4i #c4jcag #ae #f #ag #ai4ibj #af v,s gb,m #dejab #be #ec4j #c4jcab #ae #ai #cf #ai4ibj #af ,s ,e#aae deg4 b,m #deaab #bf #j4i #c4jcbj #ad #ed #bi #ai4iah #af v,s ,r #debab #bf #j4i #c4jcjh #ae #bj #j #ai4iah #ag v,s i,f b,m #decab #bf #d4g #c4jcbc #ad #dh #ec #ai4iah #ah v,s i,f #dedab #bf #h4a #c4jcai #ad #ee #ad #ai4iag #af v,s ,r sb,m ,n #deeab #bf #ab4b #c4jcbb #ad #dd #ei #ai4iaf #ab neb99 #defab #bf #ag4b #c4jcba #ad #dd #ee #ai4iaf #af v,s i,f gb,m ,n #degab #bf #ag4c #c4jcbc #ad #dj #f #ai4iaf #af v,s gb,m ,n ,spiral8 #dehab #bf #cd4g #c4jbii #ae #bd #di #ai4iac #ad ,s b,m ,e#afe deg4 #deiab #bf #ea4a #c4jcjh #ad #ea #cd #ai4iaj #ae ,l m ,e#hj deg4 b,m ,n ,spiral on edge #dfjab #bg #bf4e #c4jfcf #c #h #cf #ai4ijd #ag v,s ,e#hj deg4 gb,m ,spiral on edge8 #dfaab #bg #cj4d #c4jfcd #c #ab #ee #ai4ijc #ae ,l vm ,e#dj deg4 small spur f ,m #dfbab #bg #ca4g #c4jbij #ae #g #ef #ai4ijc #af v,s #dfcab #bg #ca4h #c4jfbc #c #cd #ac #ai4ijc #ag v,s gb,m i,f #dfdab #bg #ci4b #c4jcjd #ad #cf #af #ai4ijb #aa ,l b,m i,f sc #dfeab #bg #da4f #c4jbii #ad #dd #ee #ai4ijb #aa neb99 #dffab #bg #dd4b #c4jfbi #c #ba #j #ai4ijj #ag v,s vgb,m i,f #dfgab #bg #de4j #c4jfcd #c #aj #ee #ai4ijj #ag v,s vgb,m #dfhab #bg #ee4a #c4jfda #b #ec #ac #ai4hii #ah v,s ,r 7,r+87 #dfiab #bh #aj4a #c4jfdf #b #db #c #ai4hif #ag v,s ,r #dgjab #bh #ah4b #c4jfdf #b #db #bd #ai4hid #af v,s circle #dgaab #bh #bf4e #c4jfdh #b #ej #dg #ai4hic #ag v,s ,e#aej deg4 #dgbab #bh #ce4i #c4jfde #b #da #bj #ai4hia #ag v,s ,e#afj deg4 ,n #dgcab #bh #cg4d #c4jbgb #ae #aj #cb #ai4hia #af v,s sb,m ,n ,spiral ,e#ej deg4 #dgdab #bh #dc4h #c4jfec #b #be #ec #ai4hij #af v,s gb,m #dgeab #bh #dd4j #c4jfdf #b #di #eb #ai4hij #ag v,s ,r b,m #dgfab #bc #ej4g #c4jfec #b #bd #ai #ai4hhh #ah v,s v,f ,r #dggab #bh #ed4c #c4jbfg #ae #aa #ej #ai4hhg #ah v,s sb,m ,n ,r+8 #dghab #bh #ee4e #c4jfef #b #ai #b #ai4hhg #ah v,s dif #dgiab #bh #eh4e #c4jfdd #b #da #ed #ai4hhg #ah v,s ,e#acj deg4 ,n #dhjab #bi #a4g #c4jfec #b #bc #db #ai4hhf #ag v,s ,r #dhaab #bi #h4i #c4jbff #ae #f #bc #ai4hhe #af v,s sb,m ,n ,spiral #dhbab #bi #ae4h #c4jfad #c #ci #ci #ai4hhc #ag v,s /ell #dhcab #bi #ae4h #c4jfae #c #ci #ae #ai4hhc #ah v,s ,n8 ,spiral8 #dhdab #bi #bg4j #c4jfce #b #eh #d #ai4hha #ah v,s dif i,f #dheab #bi #bh4g #c4jfcf #c #g #ad #ai4hha #ag v,s sb,m ,n ,spiral #dhfab #bi #cj4e #c4jfej #b #bg #di #ai4hha #ag v,s ,r /ell ,n #dhgab #bi #dj4h #c4jfaf #c #cc #da #ai4hgi #ag v,s b,m ,n ,spiral #dhhab #bi #db4g #c4jfce #b #ee #cd -#ai4hgi #ag v,s ,r ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,no4,greek3 a,precession,greek3 d,precession ,description4 #aijj4j #aijj4j ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ h m s s deg4 ' '' '' #dhiab #bi #de4d #c4jfej #b #bf #d -#ai4hgh #ag v,s ,e#ij deg4 ,n #dijab #bi #ea4d #c4jfbj #c #bd #bi #ai4hgg #ag v,s i,f #diaab #bi #ee4c #c4jfeb #b #ba #j #ai4hgf #ag v,s ,r ,n #dibab #bi #ef4f #c4jfcb #c #j #bb #ai4hgf #ah v,s ,r ,n #dicab #bi #eg4a #c4jfeb #b #bj #ac #ai4hgf #ag v,s ,r #didab #bi #eh4e #c4jfec #b #ai #ad #ai4hgf #ah v,s ,r #dieab #cj #c4c #b4ihei #bf #ai #ed #ai4hge #ae v,s ,r b,m #difab #cj #d4b #c4jfeb #b #bj #g #ai4hge #ah v,s ,r #digab #cj #f4f #c4jfaf #c #cc #f #ai4hgd #ag v,s bs i,f #dihab #cj #aa4b #c4jfaf #c #cj #cf #ai4hgc #ag v,s /ell #diiab #cj #ab4d #c4jfdi #b #be #g #ai4hgc #ah v,s ,r #ejjab #cj #ab4h #b4ihec #bf #bb #bd #ai4hgc #ag ,,vs ,r b,m #ejaab #cj #ad4h #c4jfdh #b #bf #bi #ai4hgc #ah v,s ,e#gj deg4 #ejbab #cj #bg4c #c4jfdh #b #bf #af #ai4hgj #ah v,s ,r b,m #ejcab #cj #bh4d #c4jfdh #b #bf #da #ai4hgj #ag v,s ,r b,m #ejdab #cj #bi4j #c4jfea #b #ai #cf #ai4hgj #af v,s ,r #ejeab #cj #cj4f #c4jfac #c #ce #f #ai4hgj #ae ,l vm ,e#afe deg4 sb,m ,spiral #ejfab #cj #cb4b #c4jfej #b #bb #ag #ai4hfi #ah v,s ,r b,m #ejgab #cj #ce4h #c4jfdb #b #cg #ci #ai4hfi #ah v,s ,r #ejhab #cj #cf4h #b4ihdj #bf #bd #e #ai4hfh #ad ,s ,e#ace deg4 ,n #ejiab #cj #ci4e #c4jfdc #b #cd #ce #ai4hfh #ah v,s ,r #eajab #cj #ci4g #c4jfde #b #bi #ee #ai4hfh #ah v,s ,r #eaaab #cj #db4f #c4jfdh #b #be #ad #ai4hfg #ah v,s ,r b,m #eabab #cj #dc4g #b4ihai #bf #ej #ag #ai4hfg #ag v,s ,e#dj deg4 #eacab #cj #dd4b #b4ihbb #bf #df #be #ai4hfg #ae v,s ,n ,e#ej deg4 #eadab #cj #eb4j #c4jfdh #b #bb #ef #ai4hff #ag v,s ,r #eaeab #cj #eb4f #c4jfai #c #ai #ei #ai4hff #ag v,s sb,m ,spiral ,e#aaj deg4 #eafab #ca #bb4e #b4ihji #bf #ch #g #ai4hei #ah v,s ,r #eagab #ca #cb4g #b4igig #bf #dg #eh #ai4heg #ah v,s ,r #eahab #ca #ci4f #b4igid #bf #dg #i #ai4hef #af v,s ,r ,n #eaiab #ca #df4a #b4igif #bf #ci #ea #ai4hee #ag v,s ,r ,n #ebjab #cb #f4i #b4ighg #bf #ch #bh #ai4hej #ag v,s ,r ,n #ebaab #cb #ba4b #b4ighd #bf #ca #ef #ai4hdh #ah v,s v,f ,r #ebbab #cb #bb4g #b4iggg #bf #db #cf #ai4hdg #ah v,s ,r b,m #ebcab #bb #bi4g #b4iggg #bf #cg #cf #ai4hdf #ah v,s ,r b,m #ebdab #cb #cd4b #b4ighj #bf #bh #bd #ai4hde #af neb99 #ebeab #cb #di4g #b4igeh #bf #ej #ei #ai4hdb #ah v,s v,f ,e#ace deg4 ,d #ebfab #ce #da4j #b4icga #cc #g #dh #ai4hje #af v,s ,e#adj deg4 b,m #ebgab #cf #cd4d #b4icdh #cb #ef #ag #ai4gib #ag v,s ,r b,m #ebhab #cf #de4c #b4icdj #cb #ef #dh #ai4gij #ah v,s ,e#hj deg4 #ebiab #cf #ed4i #b4icji #cc #bd #bc #ai4ghg #ag v,s ,e#j deg4 ,d #ecjab #cg #ad4c #b4icjc #cc #ah #ce #ai4gha #ae v,s ,e#abe deg4 ,n ,spiral on edge #ecaab #ch #i4i #b4ibia #cb #eb #ch #ai4ggj #ah v,s b,m ,e#adj deg4 #ecbab #ch #ac4h #b4ibgg #cc #f #ab #ai4gfi #ah v,s ,r #eccab #ch #ae4j #b4ibgi #cc #b #ba #ai4gfh #ad v,s ,e#ade deg4 b,m #ecdab #ch #cc4c #b4ibdg #cc #bf #c #ai4gfd #ae neb99 #eceab #ch #ce4f #b4ibfh #cc #j #eb #ai4gfd #af neb99 #ecfab #ch #da4g #b4ibfg #cb #ef #dg #ai4gfb #ah v,s ,r #ecgab #ch #de4d #b4ibei #cc #b #ec #ai4gfa #ah v,s ,r #echab #dd #i4c #b4hddh #da #ch #de #ai4fgg #ah v,s ,r ,n #eciab #dd #cj4e #b4hdca #da #ch #af #ai4fgj #ae v,s ,e#fj deg4 ,spiral8 #edjab #dd #ca4h #b4hdbe #da #da #de #ai4fgj #ah v,s v,r dif #edaab #dd #cf4c #b4hdbd #da #ci #ca #ai4ffi #ah v,s v,f ,r diffic #edbab #dd #ci4j #b4hdah #da #da #ea #ai4ffh #ah v,s ,r diffic #edcab #dd #df4f #b4hdja #da #di #bf #ai4fff #ag v,s ,r b,m #eddab #dd #df4i #b4iddj #bf #ai #d #ai4fff #af v,s ,e#fj deg4 b,m #edeab #dd #dg4e #b4hdag #da #bc #ea #ai4fff #ah v,s ,r b,m #edfab #dd #eb4d #b4hdbc #da #cj #dc #ai4ffd #ag v,s ,r #edgab #dd #ee4d #b4hcih #da #df #cj #ai4ffc #ah v,s v,f ,r diffic #edhab #dd #ef4e #b4hdbf #da #be #ec #ai4ffc #ah v,s ,r #ediab #de #h4d #b4hcgf #da #ed #dj #ai4fei #ah v,s v,f dif ,d8 #eejab #de #af4e #b4hdab #da #bc #bf #ai4feg #af v,s ,e#hj deg4 b,m ,spiral8 #eeaab #de #af4i #b4idec #be #ej #j #ai4feg #ag v,s ,r b,m #eebab #de #ba4e #b4hdjd #da #bf #h #ai4fef #af v,s ,r b,m #eecab #de #bg4j #b4hcie #da #bi #ba #ai4fed #ah v,s v,f ,e#aej deg4 b,m ,spiral on edge #eedab #de #bh4b #b4iddh #be #ej #ch #ai4fed #ah v,s ,r #eeeab #de #bi4c #b4iddb #bf #ac #bh #ai4fec #ag v,s ,e#ej deg4 bs #eefab #de #cj4e #b4iddd #bf #ad #aj #ai4fec #ag v,s ,r #eegab #de #dc4b #b4hcfa #da #dd #aa #ai4fdi #ag v,s ,r ,n #eehab #de #ef4e #b4idcf #be #di #ad #ai4fdf #af v,s ,e#dj deg4 ,n ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,no4,greek3 a,precession,greek3 d,precession ,description4 #aijj4j #aijj4j ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ h m s s deg4 ' '' '' #eeiab #de #eh4c #b4idcf #be #dh #ac -#ai4fde #af v,s ,e#ce deg4 ,n #efjae #de #ei4a #b4hcfh #da #bi #af #ai4fde #ah v,s v,f ,r #efaab #df #aj4c #b4hcfc #da #be #eg #ai4fda #ah v,s v,f ,r b,m #efbab #df #bb4c #b4hcca #da #ef #g #ai4fch #ae v,s ,e#ij deg4 bs ,spiral8 #efcab #df #bb4h #b4hceh #da #bb #ag #ai4fch #ah v,s v,f ,r circle8 #efdab #df #bf4d #b4hcbh #da #da #dc #ai4fcg #ag v,s ,r b,m #efeab #df #bf4f #b4hcce #da #ce #ci #ai4fcg #ah v,s ,r b,m #effab #df #cg4h #b4hcbe #da #cf #e #ai4fcc #ah v,s ,r b,m #efgab #df #df4f #b4icic #bf #i #cf #ai4fca #af v,s ,e#aej deg4 b,m #efhab #dg #e4b #b4hcba #da #bb #ca #ai4fbe #ah v,s ,r #efiab #dg #ac4c #b4hbfi #da #ed #df #ai4fbc #ag v,s ,r b,m #egjab #dg #ad4f #b4hcji #da #bd #eb #ai4fbb #ag v,s ,r b,m #egaab #dg #bd4c #b4hbgb #da #df #cj #ai4fbj #ah v,s ,r b,m #egbab #dg #bi4h #b4hbed #da #ef #a #ai4fah #ah v,s ,r #egcab #dg #ca4f #b4icie #be #de #d #ai4fah #af v,s ,e#aj deg4 ,n #egdab #dg #ch4i #b4hbeh #da #dg #bj #ai4fae #ah v,s ,r ,n #egeab #dg #dc4g #b4hbfj #da #db #dh #ai4fad #ah v,s ,r b,m #egfab #dg #ec4e #b4hbde #da #dh #aj #ai4faa #ah v,s dif #eggab #dh #a4f #b4hbef #da #cd #bc #ai4fji #af v,s ,e#abe deg4 b,m #eghab #dh #ag4e #b4hbeb #da #bg #cd #ai4fjd #ah v,s ,r #egiab #dh #be4d #b4hbag #da #dh #dj #ai4fjb #ah v,s v,f ,r #ehjab #dh #cj4i #b4hbdf #da #bc #ca #ai4fjj #ag v,s ,r ,n #ehaab #dh #ca4c #b4hbjf #da #ec #ag #ai4fjj #ah v,s v,f ,r #ehbab #dh #cb4i #b4hbdd #da #bc #cj #ai4fjj #af v,s ,r ,n #ehcab #ej #ej4g #b4ieji #bb #be #ee #ai4eeg ,s ,r v,f #ehdab #ea #ae4g #b4iejd #bb #ba #j #ai4edi v,s v,f ,e#ij deg4 #eheac #i #ag4d #b4gjfh #db #cc #ef #ai4aci #ah v,s ,r #ehfac #i #bd4f #b4gjci #db #dd #ba #ai4ace #ad ,s ,e#aej deg4 f\r ,n #ehgac #i #be4a #b4gjga #db #cj #a #ai4ace #ah v,s ,r #ehhac #i #cj4e #b4gjic #db #ah #e #ai4acc #ag v,s ,r b,m #ehiac #i #ce4a #b4gjhc #db #bj #dg #ai4aca #ag v,s ,r b,m #eijac #i #cf4a #b4gjhi #db #ag #bh #ai4acj #ag v,s ,r b,m #eiaac #i #ch4f #b4gjhd #db #ai #e #ai4abi #ah v,s ,r b,m #eibac #i #dc4d #b4gjhf #db #ae #ef #ai4abg #ah v,s ,r #eicac #i #df4h #b4gjef #db #bh #ac #ai4abe #ag v,s ,e#abj deg4 #eidac #i #dg4h #b4gjgh #db #ah #a #ai4abe #af v,s ,e#aej deg4 b,m #eieac #i #ec4b #b4gjgg #db #af #ca #ai4abc #ah v,s ,r b,m #eifac #i #ec4c #b4gjhf #db #ab #ai #ai4abc #ah v,s v,f ,r #eigac #i #ef4b #b4gjdb #db #bh #dj #ai4aba #af v,s ,e#ij deg4 b,m #eihac #i #eg4c #b4gjbh #db #cf #cd #ai4aba #ah v,s ,r #eiiac #aj #a4c #b4gjhd #db #aj #ac #ai4aai #ad v,s ,e#ae deg4 gb,m #fjjac #aj #d4f #b4gjae #db #dj #e #ai4aag #ah v,s ,r #fjaac #aj #e4d #b4fiii #db #dg #ab #ai4aag #af v,s ,r b,m neb998 #fjbac #aj #e4g #b4gjed #db #bb #aj #ai4aag #ah v,s ,r #fjcac #aj #e4h #b4gjfa #db #ah #dg #ai4aag #ag v,s ,r b,m #fjdac #aj #e4h #b4gjad #db #cg #ef #ai4aag #ah v,s ,r ,n #fjeac #aj #g4j #b4gjcb #db #ca #af #ai4aaf #ag v,s ,e#afe deg4 gb,m #fjfac #aj #aa4e #b4gjah #db #ce #de #ai4aad #ah v,s ,r b,m #fjgac #aj #aa4g #b4gjcj #db #cj #dd #ai4aad #ah v,s ,e#ej deg4 #fjhac #aj #ab4d #b4gjcj #db #cj #g #ai4aad #ah v,s ,r #fjiac #aj #ab4h #b4gjji #db #ci #dd #ai4aad #ah v,s ,r #fajac #aj #ad4a #b4gjbg #db #ca #h #ai4aac #ah v,s ,r v,f #faaac #aj #af4b #b4gjbg #db #cj #aj #ai4aab #ah v,s ,e#gj deg4 b,m #fabac #aj #ba4j #b4gjeg #db #ad #cc #ai4aaj #ad neb99 #facac #aj #bb4f #b4gjfd #db #aj #eb #ai4aaj #ah v,s v,f ,r #fadac #aj #ca4c #b4gjji #db #cb #bh #ai4aje #ag v,s ,r b,m #faeac #aj #cb4e #b4figi #db #de #ea #ai4aje #ah v,s ,r #fafac #aj #ch4b #b4gjbf #db #bb #ah #ai4ajb #ah v,s ,r b,m #fagac #aj #ch4i #b4gjdb #db #ad #bb #ai4ajb #ah v,s ,r #fahac #aj #da4b #b4gjcc #db #ag #ej #ag4aja #ag v,s ,e#aej deg4 gb,m #faiac #aj #dc4e #b4gjaf #db #bd #cc #ai4ajj #ah v,s ,e#hj deg4 #fbjac #aj #dg4h #b4gjda #db #aa #ci #ai4jih #ah v,s v,f ,r #fbaac #aj #ea4d #b4fiea #db #ea #ac #ai4jif #af v,s ,e#ge deg4 gb,m #fbbac #aj #ec4h #b4fidg #db #eb #c #ai4jie #ag v,s ,e#aej deg4 b,m #fbcac #aj #eg4f #b4gjcb #db #aa #db #ai4jid #ah v,s ,r #fbdac #aj #eh4a #b4gjjg #db #bb #ej #ai4jid #ag v,s ,r b,m #fbeac #aa #c4b #b4gjjh #db #bj #df #ai4jia #ah v,s ,r #fbfac #aa #e4i #b4gjaa #db #ag #eh #ai4jij #ah v,s ,e#cj deg4 #fbgac #aa #h4c #b4gjbb #db #ab #bb #ai4jhi #ag v,s ,r b,m #fbhac #aa #i4f #b4gjjb #db #bj #dd -#ai4jhh #ah v,s v,f ,r ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,no4,greek3 a,precession,greek3 d,precession ,description4 #aijj4j #aijj4j ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ h m s s deg4 ' '' '' #fbiac #aa #ae4a #b4gjja #db #ai #i -#ai4jhf #ah v,s ,r b,m #fcjac #aa #ai4g #b4gjag #db #aj #j #ai4jhd #ah v,s ,e#ce deg4 #fcaac #aa #ba4c #b4figh #db #bg #ac #ai4jhc #ag v,s ,e#ajj deg4 b,m #fcbac #aa #bg4e #b4figc #db #bg #g #ai4jhj #ag v,s ,e#fj deg4 gb,m #fccac #aa #bi4h #b4fihb #db #bb #ah #ai4jgi #ah v,s ,r #fcdac #aa #cj4g #b4figh #db #bc #bg #ai4jgi #ag v,s ,e#ge deg4 #fceac #aa #cf4h #b4fihe #db #ag #eh #ai4jgf #ag v,s ,r ,n #fcfac #aa #ch4c #b4fice #db #dj #ba #ai4jge #ah v,s ,r #fcgac #aa #ch4f #b4figc #db #bb #dd #ai4jge #ah v,s ,e#aaj deg4 #fchac #aa #dj4b #b4fibe #db #dc #eh #ai4jge #ah v,s ,e#abe deg4 #fciac #aa #dc4j #b4fifj #db #bg #e #ai4jgc #ag v,s ,e#acj deg4 gb,m #fdjac #aa #dd4a #b4figb #db #ba #aa #ai4jgc #ah v,s ,r #fdaac #aa #ej4j #b4ficc #db #cf #dg #ai4jgj #ag v,s ,r b,m #fdbac #aa #ea4f #b4fifg #db #bj #ag #ai4jgj #ag v,s ,r b,m #fdcac #aa #ec4i #b4fifc #db #ba #bd #ai4jfh #ah v,s ,r b,m #fddac #aa #ed4i #b4fifd #db #bj #da #ai4jfh #ah v,s ,r b,m #fdeac #aa #eg4j #b4fifc #db #bj #g #ai4jfg #ag v,s ,e#aaj deg4 gb,m #fdfac #aa #eh4f #b4fidi #db #be #ed #ai4jff #ah v,s ,r #fdgac #ab #ae4d #b4fijc #db #dj #cf #bi4j,s#i #ah v,s ,r #fdhac #ab #bd4a #b4fijg #db #ce #bb #ai4jee #ag v,s ,r ,n #fdiac #ab #bi4d #b4fhfa #db #ed #ae #ai4jec #ag v,s ,e#acj deg4 #fejac #ab #cg4d #b4fhhj #db #db #ch #ai4jdi #af v,s ,r b,m neb998 #feaac #ab #ch4i #b4fhic #db #ce #dg #ai4jdh #ah v,s ,r #febac #ab #ci4g #b4fhfb #db #di #de #ai4jdh #bg v,s ,e#de deg4 #fecac #ab #dd4g #b4fhhe #db #cg #bc #ai4jdf #ah v,s ,r #fedac #ab #ef4f #b4fhgb #db #ch #cd #ai4jdj #ah v,s ,r #feeac #ac #d4b #b4fhfa #db #dj #df #ai4jcg #ah v,s ,r #fefac #ac #aa4g #b4fiac #db #ac #bi #ai4jcc #ag v,s ,r b,m #fegac #ac #aa4h #b4fhej #db #db #ef #ai4jcc #ah v,s v,f dif #fehac #ac #ai4f #b4fhgg #db #bg #ab #ai4jcj #ah v,s ,e#afj deg4 #feiac #ac #ba4d #b4fhbi #db #dh #cf #ai4jbi #ah v,s ,r #ffjac #ac #bb4j #b4fhgh #db #be #dd #ai4jbi #ah v,s ,r #ffaac #ac #bb4h #b4fhcg #db #dd #cd #ai4jbi #ag v,s ,r ,n #ffbac #ac #bh4b #b4fhbe #db #dg #di #ai4jbf #ah v,s v,f ,r #ffcac #ac #cf4c #b4fhcj #db #db #i #ai4jbc #ag v,s ,r b,m #ffdac #ac #eg4j #b4fhjb #db #dg #d #ai4jad #ah v,s ,r #ffeac #ad #b4d #b4fhjb #db #dd #ed #ai4jaa #ag v,s ,r b,m #fffac #bc #e4b #b4eegd #dg #bc #h #ah4gdf v,s ee,f #ffgac #bd #ai4a #b4edhi #dg #bf #db #ah4gjg ,b p,l ,e#hj deg4 #ffhac #bf #d4a #b4ecac #dg #di #db #ah4fea v,s e,f #ffiac #bf #ae4b #b4ecac #dg #de #dg #ah4fdd ,s p,b l ,e#ace deg4 #fgjac #bg #g4h #b4ebgc #dg #da #ed #ah4faf ,s ee,f #fgabc #bg #ai4e #b4eccc #dg #ah #dj #ah4faj ,f ,s ,r #fgbbc #bg #cc4b #b4ecae #dg #bj #ad #ah4fjb v,s v,f ,e#ij deg4 #fgcac #ca #cd4h #c4bcai -#ag #d #bc #ah4dfh #af v,s ,e#aej deg4 #fgdac #ca #ch4h #c4bcea -#ag #bb #d #ah4dff #af v,s ,e#aej deg4 b,m #fgeac #ca #dg4i #c4bccb -#ag #i #cc #ah4dfj #ah v,s ,r #fgfac #ca #eb4d #c4bcce -#ag #aj #eb #ah4deh #ah v,s ,e#ej deg4 #fggac #ca #eb4e #c4bcci -#ag #ab #dg #ah4deh #ah v,s bn dif #fghac #cb #ed4i #c4bchf -#ag #bi #eg #ah4dbb #ag v,s b,m ,e#aje deg4 #fgiac #eg #db4e #b4acgi #ed #ed #e #ag4dfa ,b ,s ,e#ij deg4 neb998 #fhjad #a #ej4i #b4aacf #ed #dd #ej #ag4bhj ,s p,f bp #fhaad #b #c4a #b4ajee #ed #ef #ag #ag4bgb p,b ,l i #fhbae #j #h4a #a4fgab #ee #ei #b #ad4agj #ah v,s ,r b,m #fhcae #j #cb4d #a4ffid #ee #eh #ba #ad4add #ah v,s v,f ,e#aaj deg4 #fhdae #j #cc4g #a4ffcd #ef #d #eb #ad4adc #ag v,s ,e#afj deg4 #fheae #a #b4i #a4fgbb #ee #ea #ec #ad4aac #ag v,s ,r b,m #fhfbe #a #d4a #a4ffch #ef #j #eh #ad4aaa #ag v,s ,r b,m #fhgae #a #cj4d #b4gcbb #ai #dj #ef #ad4jhb ,s ,r ,f #fhhae #a #cb4c #b4gbbe #bj #aa #ae #ad4jhj ,s p,f ,e#de deg4 #fhibe #a #cg4b #b4gbea #bj #c #a #ad4jge v,s ,f ,e#aj deg4 #fijae #b #ca4e #a4fddc #ef #ab #ec #ad4jah #af v,s ,r b,m #fiaae #b #di4b #b4gbgc #ai #di #ef #ac4iii p,s ,f gb,m #fibae #b #ei4f #a4fcde #ef #bj #dd #ac4ihi #ag v,s ,r bs #ficbe #c #ah4a #a4fece #ee #eg #cd #ac4igj #ac neb99 #fidae #c #bi4j #b4gbdc #ai #ef #bi #ac4ieh v,f ,s ,r #fiebe #c #cj4i #a4fdic #ef #j #di #ac4ief #af v,s ,n ,e#aje deg4 #fifae #c #cd4i #b4gbac #bj #e #ci #ac4ieb v,s ,f ,e#de deg4 #figae #c #dj4i #b4gbjg #bj #g #g #ac4idf v,f p,l ,spiral #fihae #c #dg4h #a4fefd #ee #ea #e -#ac4ici #ag v,s ,e#de deg4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,no4,greek3 a,precession,greek3 d,precession ,description4 #aijj4j #aijj4j ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ h m s s deg4 ' '' '' #fiiae #c #ed4b #a4fdgi #ee #ei #dj -#ac4icb #ag v,s b,m ,e#ace deg4 #gjjae #c #ef4h #b4gbdb #ai #ed #da #ac4ibi v,s ,f #gjaae #d #bc4g #b4gbha #ai #dj #bc #ac4ija ,f p,l gb,m ,spiral8 #gjbae #d #bh4b #b4gbdh #ai #ej #be #ac4hif p,b ,s ,e#ij deg4 #gjcae #d #ca4i #a4fefc #ee #df #f #ac4hib #ah v,s ,e#ce deg4 #gjdae #e #de4e #a4fbgg #ef #bj #de #ac4hae #ag v,s ,r ,n #gjeae #e #eb4a #a4fdja #ee #ee #e #ac4hjg #ah v,s ,r ,n #gjfae #f #cg4d #a4fbfc #ef #e #ag -#ac4gfj #ah v,s ,r b,m #gjgbb #bi #da4j #b4gbad #cd #bb #ec #ah4eac ,f ,s ,e#ij deg4 #gjhbb #cj #ch4a #b4gbii #cc #eh #cf #ah4edd ,f ,s ,r #gjibb #cj #ed4h #b4gcjf #cd #j #ba #ah4eeb ,f p,s vmb,m #gajbb #ca #c4a #b4gcdd #cc #dd #eh #ah4eeg p,b v,s m ,e#ij deg4 vmb,m #gaabb #ca #ag4f #b4gcjc #cd #h #ce #ah4eff v,f v,s m ,e#afj deg4 #gabbb #ca #dc4i #b4gccd #cd #a #cb #ah4egi ,f p,l i99 inv #gacbb #cb #a4e #b4gcid #cc #db #ae #ah4ehh v,f ,s m ,e#adj deg4 #gadbb #cb #bi4h #b4gcbd #cd #ai #ac #ah4fjc p,b v,s gmb,m #gaebb #cb #cc4b #b4gced #cd #f #e #ah4fje v,f p,l gb,m #gafbb #cb #df4b #b4gcic #cc #ea #bj #ah4fab ,d99 inv set on p99 #gagbb #cb #ej4c #b4gcdg #cd #ac #ec #ah4fad p,b ,s ,e#j deg4 vmb,m #gahbb #cc #a4c #b4gdjf #cd #ai #ch #ah4fbj v,b ,s l ,e#ej deg4 vmb,m #gaibb #cc #cg4g #b4gcfa #cd #ba #a #ah4fdj p,f p,l l ,e#ij deg4 #gbjbb #cc #ej4e #b4gddh #cc #dc #af #ah4fdg ,neb99 #gbabb #cc #eh4a #b4gdaj #cd #d #i #ah4fea v,f p,s ,e#de deg4 #gbbbb #cd #j4f #b4gddb #cc #di #f #ah4feb ,f ,s ,e#bj deg4 #gbcbb #cd #aj4h #b4gdec #cc #df #ei #ah4feh ,f p,l gb,m #gbdbc #h #bi4c #c4jead #d #j #ch #ai4edc ,b v,s ,e#ace deg4 #gbebc #h #di4f #c4jdii #d #bj #bf #ai4edi vv,f ,s ,r #gbfbc #i #db4j #c4jeae #d #e #dc #ai4eff ,b ,s v,e #agj deg4 #gbgbc #aj #a4a #c4jebi #c #di #db #ai4egb ,b ,s neb99 #gbhbc #aj #bd4d #c4jejd #d #ba #bj #ai4ehj ,b neb99 #gbibc #aj #bh4a #c4jeja #d #be #ad #ai4eha p,s v,f i #gcjbc #aa #aa4e #c4jeba #d #e #ai #ai4eid ,s l ,e#ij deg4 #gcabc #dg #d4f #c4jfbj #g #ej #ba #bj4jaf ,f p,l ,n ,spiral8 #gcbbc #dh #ae4g #c4jfcb #g #ce #cb #bj4jba v,f ,,bn ,e#ajj deg4 ,spiral #gccbc #di #ci4c #c4jfdj #g #di #bf #bj4jbg ,f v,s mb,m l ,e#de deg4 #gcdbc #ef #ac4c #c4jffa #ae #ee #cd #bj4jde vv,f v,s #gcebc #ef #af4j #c4jffc #ae #dc #cf #bj4jde p,b v,s #gcfbc #ef #cf4i #c4jffh #ae #de #ab #bj4jde ,f v,s #gcgbc #ef #dj4a #c4jffi #ae #de #ei #bj4jde ,f v,s ,e#fj deg4 #gchbc #ef #eb4i #c4jfeg #bj #be #eg #bj4jdf ,s v,f ,f99 sp #gcibc #eg #d4h #c4jfgf #ae #di #i #bj4jdf v,f p,s #gdjbc #eh #d4j #c4jfib #ae #bd #cd #bj4jdf ,b m ,e#ace deg4 ,n #gdabc #eh #ah4a #c4jfhf #bj #dg #h #bj4jdg v,s v,f ,e#de deg4 #gdbbc #eh #ec4c #c4jgje #ae #bg #dh #bj4jdg ,f v,s #gdcbc #ei #bj4h #c4jgac #ae #be #cb #bj4jdg vv,f v,s #gddbc #ei #bc4b #c4jgaj #bj #i #dj #bj4jdg ,s ,f ,e#agj deg4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,abbreviations ,,us$ ,,9 ,,description4 ,! numb] d5otes magnitude1--e/imat$ f ! negative4 v,s v small1 #cj'' ,s small1 #cj'' to #b' or #c' ,l l>ge1 #b' or #c' ,b bright ,d d\ble ,e elongat$ ,f fa9t i,f irregul> figure ,m middle or 9 ! middle ,n nucleus ,r r\nd b bright] bn bright] t[>d ! nor? side bs bright] t[>d ! s\? side bp bright] t[>d ! prec$+ side bf bright] t[>d ! foll[+ side bsw brighte/ t[>d ! s\?-we/ b,m bright] t[>d ! middle dif diffus$ diffic difficult e,f extremely fa9t g gradually i irregul> l little m mu* p pretty p,b pretty bright p,f pretty fa9t sc scatt]$ /ell /ell> sb,m sudd5ly bright] t[>d ! middle v v vb,m v mu* bright] t[>d ! middle v,s v small ,f99inv fa9t /> involv$ circle planet>y ,,positions ,,( ,,kn[n ,,nebulae ,,det]m9$ ,,f ,,! ,,crossley ,,negatives4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,n4,g4,c4 ,greek3 a,precession,greek3 d,precession ,rem>ks4 #aijj4j #aijj4j ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ h m s s deg4 ' '' '' #ahe #j #cc #bg4i #c4bhff #dg #dg #h #ai4hdj #bdg #j #db #aa4j #b4iggj -#ba #ah #ba #ai4gjh #bec #j #db #ch4f #b4iebf -#be #ej #d #ai4gja #eji #a #ah #i4f #c4adbi #h #ed #dj #ah4hid #eaf #a #ah #ec4b #c4addd #i #a #df #ah4hgf #eah #a #ai #c4j #c4adbh #h #dh #cb #ah4hga #ebb #a #ai #cj4f #c4adhf #i #bh #ai #ah4heg #ebd #a #ai #cc4j #c4adad #i #a #b #ah4hef #ebe #a #ai #cg4i #c4adfd #i #aj #ed #ah4hed #ecb #a #bj #b4e #c4adcj #h #dd #ce #ah4hda 444 #a #ba #g4c #c4adic #i #bc #ba #ah4haj ,n4 ,g4 ,c4 ,sup4 #aad #fbh #a #ca #bd4h #c4bada #ae #af #bb #ah4dgc #hia #b #af #ag4g #c4gddg #da #ec #dd #af4fji #ijf #b #ah #ei4e #c4gejb #da #ch #aj #af4dgf #ajbc #b #cd #h4a #c4gchg #ch #cg #db #ae4fha #ajee #b #cf #cg4e #c4jgci #j #j #dh #ae4ede #ajfh #b #cg #cc4g #c4jfeh - #j #bf #bc #ae4dic #ajgb #b #ch #bc4g #c4jgae - #j #g #h #ae4ddg #ajhd #b #da #d4e #b4ieac - #g #ei #ef #ae4cjj #afch #d #cf #cc4d #c4jbhg - #b #j #f #g4aci #aica #e #bd #dh4g #c4ifie #cd #aj #g #c4jfg #bcff #g #ah #ai4c #f4dbdi #fi #bd #ea - #f4gah #bcga-b #g #ai #af4d #c4ghia #bi #da #ac #f4gig #bdjc #g #bg #aa4g #e4hcfg #fe #di #ac #g4dde #bfbd #h #cb #bd4b #c4deff #bj #d #bd #ab4cgj #bfhc #h #df #bg4f #c4gdag #cc #dg #ea #ac4cag #bhda #i #ae #g4h #d4agee #ea #bd #c #ae4jhj #bijc1 #e #i #bf #cj4d #c4djfe #ba #ef #ae #ae4gaf ,n4 ,g4 ,c4 #bijc & #bije #cjjc #i #db #ci4a #c4eghf #cc #ec #i #af4eec #cjba #i #de #a4j #c4egce #cd #a #ad #af4fgj #cjca #i #dg #ag4i #e4jdcj #fi #cb #ad #af4ghe #cjgi #i #ee #aa4d #d4ajej #ef #i #cd #ag4adg #caae #aj #j #ae4a #b4ihgg - #g #ad #f #ag4cgb #caef #aj #g #cj4e #c4aajg #c #cg #bi #ag4fhj #caff #aj #h #cd4i #c4aadc #c #ee #aa #ag4gbd #cafi #aj #i #d4b #c4aaed #c #eg #da #ag4gdd #cahd #aj #ab #ag4d #c4faeh #da #ee #bg #ag4hgd #caih #aj #ac #dg4i #c4fiai #df #c #c #ag4icc #cbbb #aj #ag #f4e #c4bhgi #bj #bc #cj #ah4jfb #cbbg #aj #ag #ei4a #c4bhfd #bj #bd #ad #ah4jid #cbbf #aj #ah #b4h #c4bhei #bj #bb #ac #ah4jig 444 #aj #bj #ee4b #d4ebdh #fh #ee #ad #ah4bjd ,codd+ton's ,neb4 9 ,ursa ,major4 #ceef #aa #e #cf4h #c4edbj #ef #ac #j #ai4dhe #cehg #aa #i #j4a #c4ejbi #ee #cc #dg #ai4eec #cfbc #aa #ac #db4h #c4acgd #ac #ch #bc #ai4fci #cfbg #aa #ae #b4b #c4aceb #ac #cb #ah #ai4ffb #cgbf #aa #bg #ee4d #c4bgfd #dg #cd #ej #ai4hea #dbbf #ab #aa #bh4b #b4iiie #dg #cd #ec #bj4jbd #dbca #ab #aa #ea4a #b4iief #dh #j #df #bj4jbb #dbcb #ab #aa #ea4b #b4iieg #dg #ei #ci #bj4jbb #dbdd #ab #ab #bi4d #c4jadh #ch #bd #cd #bj4jag #dbdh #ab #ab #ec4a #b4ihij #dg #eg #eb #bj4jaf #dbed #ab #ac #de4j #c4jeji #ad #eh #ai #bj4jaa #dbeh #ab #ad #j4h #b4ihba #dg #ea #ce #bj4jaj #dbib #ab #af #aj4c #c4jfci #e #i #a #ai4iig #dcjc #ab #af #dh4g #c4jfcg #e #a #db #ai4iic #dcba #ab #ag #ea4j #c4jdah #af #bb #cf #ai4ihf #dcgi #ab #bj #aa4b #c4jchb #af #i #dc #ai4igj #dchb #ab #bj #ba4c #c4jcba #ah #dd #de #ai4ifh #dcid #ab #bj #ec4j #c4jcaj #ah #df #g #ai4ifd #deja #ab #bf #ef4f #c4jcjd #ad #eh #ba #ai4iji #deaf #ab #bh #e4a #c4jbhb #ae #g #ch #ai4hih #debg #ab #bi #b4b #c4jfbi #c #ab #ai #ai4hhf #decc #ab #bi #ae4f #c4jfch #b #eb #ci #ai4hhd #decf #ab #bi #bj4f #c4jfdb #b #dd #bb #ai4hhc #defe #ab #ca #bc4c #b4ihab #bf #cb #bj #ai4hei #dfbg #ab #cg #g4c #b4icaf #cc #g #bb #ai4ghd #dfca #ab #cg #ad4d #b4icae #cc #e #ai -#ai4ghc ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,n4,g4,c4 ,greek3 a,precession,greek3 d,precession ,rem>ks4 #aijj4j #aijj4j ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ h m s s deg4 ' '' '' #dgab #ab #dd #dj4c #b4idge #bf #j #ee -#ai4ffg #dgbe #ab #de #cc4j #b4idcd #bf #b #dd #ai4feb #dgcf #ab #df #aj4e #b4hcdd #da #ci #ed #ai4fda #dgdg #ab #df #eb4d #b4icha #bf #ai #h #ai4fbi #dhbf #ab #ea #di4a #b4idii #bb #ac #cj #ai4ech #ejee #ac #aa #bj4e #b4fife #db #cc #bh #ai4jhc #eaid #ac #be #dj4a #b4eceh #dg #db #dc #ah4ffc #ebdg #ac #cb #ch4f #c4bcfh -#ag #bb #bh #ah4dca #edeg #ac #ei #dj4d #b4abfd #ed #di #dd #ag4cge #eheg #ae #b #ed4h #b4gbdd #ai #eh #ef #ac4iic #ehei #ae #c #b4b #b4gbde #ai #eh #a #ac4ihf #ehff #ae #c #de4c #a4fdje #ef #h #ed #ac4ida #ehgj #ae #c #dh4e #a4feef #ee #ea #ej -#ac4ich #gcae #bb #cj #ec4d #b4gbgj #cd #ag #h #ah4eeb #gcca #bb #cb #bd4e #b4gcgd #cc #ec #ee #ah4fjj #gccc #bb #cb #dj4a #b4gchj #cc #ee #dd #ah4fji #gccf #bb #cb #db4f #b4gcgg #cc #eg #dg #ah4faj #gcdj #bb #cc #d4g #b4gcii #cc #ec #bh #ah4fbb #gecg #bc #i #bi4c #c4jeba #c #eg #ad #ai4efb #geda #bc #i #ch4g #c4jebj #c #ei #ba #ai4efe #gggh #bc #dh #ab4i #c4jfce #g #ah #ee #bj4jba #gggi #bc #dh #bj4j #c4jfcf #g #ai #ab #bj4jba #gghj #bc #dh #be4e #c4jfcc #g #cc #dd #bj4jba #ggha #bc #dh #ci4b #c4jfch #g #ah #ag #bj4jbb #gghb #bc #dh #dg4a #c4jfch #g #bd #eb #bj4jbc #ghad #bc #eh #g4e #c4jfic #ae #ce #bj #bj4jdf #ghag #bc #eh #ea4b #c4jfii #bj #aa #df #bj4jdg ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,no4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,n4,g4,c4 ,no4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,date4 --------------------------------- ,exposure4 -------------------------- ,enl>gem5t4 -------------------- ,ori5tation ,top ---------------- ,rem>ks4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ h m #a #bbd #ahii1 ,septemb] #g #c #j #b4j,w ,great nebula 9 ,&rom$a4 #b #bec #aijb1 ,decemb] #ah-bjc #j #b4e,s ,h ,v1 #a4 #c #eih #ahii1 ,septemb] #ab #c #cj #b4a,w ,m #cc4 #d #fbh #ahii1 ,octob] #ca #d #j #c4d,s ,m #gd4 #e #fej #ahii1 ,septemb] #aa #c #j #c4d,s ,m #gf4 #f #hia #ahii1 ,novemb] #f #d #j #c4d,s ,h ,v1 #ai4 #g #ajfh #ahii1 ,decemb] #c #c #j #g4b,s ,m #gg4 #h 44 #ahii1 ,decemb] #bh #d #j #b4a,w ,pleiades4 #i #aieb #ahii1 ,decemb] #bd #b #j #c4d,s ,crab nebula4 #aj 44 #ahih1 ,novemb] #af #j #dj #b4b,s ,great nebula 9 ,orion4 #aa 44 #ahii1 ,febru>y #i #j #e #b4e,s ,great nebula 9 ,orion4 #ab #aigg #aijj1 ,janu>y #ba #b #ej #b4d,s ,h ,v1 #cj4 #ac #bjbd #aijb1 ,janu>y #bh #c #j #b4d,s ,h ,v1 #bh4 #ad #bjfh #aijb1 ,novemb] #bf #c #j #b4d,s ,m #gh4 #ae #bbfd #aijc1 ,febru>y #bc #c #j #b4e,s ,nebula ne> #ae ,monoc]otis4 #af 44 #aijc1 ,febru>y #bf #d #j #b4e,s ,new nebula 9 ,monoc]os 7,rob]ts74 #ag #bdjc #aijj1 ,febru>y #bg #d #j #c4d,s ,h ,v1 #dd4 #ah #bfhc #aijj1 ,febru>y #bc #c #bj #c4c,s ,h ,i1 #bjj4 #ai #bhda #aija1 ,april #ag #c #j #c4d,s ,h ,i1 #bje4 #bj #bijc-e #aijj1 ,febru>y #bd #c #cj #c4d,s ,h ,i1 #ef1 #eg4 #ba #cjca #aijj1 ,m>* #ba #c #ee #c4d,s ,m #ha4 #bb #caae #aija1 ,april #i #b #cj #e4j,s ,h ,i1 #afc4 #bc #caih #aijj1 ,m>* #bd #d #j #d4c,s ,h ,i1 #aii4 #bd #cbbf-g #aija1 ,april #aj #c #j #c4d,s ,h ,,ii1 #bh1 #bi4 #bea #aija1 ,april #i #j #a #bj ,s ,h ,,iv1 #bg4 #cbdb #beb #aija1 ,april #h #j #aj #bj ,s ,h ,,iv1 #bg4 #bf #ceef #aijb1 ,may #c #d #j #c4c,s ,h ,v1 #df4 #bg #cehg #aijj1 ,m>* #bh #d #j #c4c,s ,owl nebula4 #bh #cfbc #aijj1 ,april #bc #c #cj #c4h,s ,m #fe4 #bi #cfbg #aijj1 ,april #bc #c #cj #d4c,s ,m #ff4 #cj;,a#cgbf #aijj1 ,m>* #bi #d #j #d4i,s ,h ,,ii1 #gcj4 #cj;,b#cgbf #aijj1 ,m>* #bi #d #j #d4i,s ,h ,,ii1 #gcj4 #ca #dbdd #aijj1 ,m>* #cj #c #j #c4g,s ,h ,v1 #da4 #cb #dbed #aijb1 ,june #g #c #ai #c4g,s ,m #ii4 #cc #dbeh #aijc1 ,may #bc #c #ec #c4h,s ,h ,v1 #dc4 #cd #dcjc #aijj1 ,april #bg #c #j #c4d,s ,m #fa4 #ce #dcba #aija1 ,april #ai #c #j #d4b,s ,m #ajj4 #cf #ddhe-ij #aija1 ,april #ag #a #de #d4d,s ,h ,i1 #aig-h4 #cg #deja #aijb1 ,june #bg-bh #c #j #c4i,s ,m #hh4 #ch #decf #aijc1 ,may #bg #c #cj #c4c,s ,h ,v1 #b4 #ci #deei #aija1 ,may #i #c #j #c4d,s ,h ,i1 #ib4 #dj #defe #aija1 ,april #ba #c #j #c4c,s ,h ,v1 #bd4 #da #dfca #aijb1 ,june #f #c #j #c4c,s ,h ,v1 #db4 #db #dgbe #aijb1 ,june #cj-;,july #bc #cb #c4d,s ,h ,i1 #hd4 #dc #dgcf #aijb1 ,july #g #j #cj #c4c,s ,m #id4 #dd #dgcf #aijb1 ,july #d #c #j #c4c,s ,m #id4 #de #dhbf #aijj1 ,may #bg #b #cj #c4h,s ,m #fd4 #df #ejee #aijb1 ,july #e #c #cj #c4c,s ,m #fc4 #dg #eaid-e #ahii1 ,may #aj #d #j #c4c,s ,m #ea4 #dh #ebgb #aijj1 ,may #bb #a #cj #c4h,s ,m #c4 #di #edeg-h #ahii1 ,june #h #d #j #c4b,s ,m #aja4 #ej #eheg-i #aijj1 ,may #ca #b #cj #g4b,s ,h ,,ii1 #gea-b4 #ea #ehff #aijb1 ,july #bh #c #j #d4i,s ,h ,i1 #bae4 #eb #eijd #aijj1 ,may #bd #a #cj #c4g,s ,m #e4 #ec #fbje #aijj1 ,june #bb #b #j #c4h,s ,m #ac4 #ed #fbah #ahii1 ,july #aa #b #j #c4g,s ,m #ab4 #ee #fead #ahii1 ,july #f #c #j #d4a,s ,trifid nebula4 #ef #febc #ahii1 ,july #g #d #j #b4j,w ,m #h4 #eg #fedc #ahii1 ,augu/ #h #j #e #ai ,s ,h ,,iv1 #cg4 #eh #ffah #ahii1 ,july #i #d #j #c4a,s ,omega nebula4 #ei #fgbj #ahii1 ,july #ad #j #aj #ac ,s ,m #eg4 #fj #fhec #ahii1 ,july #ca #c #j #c4h,s ,dumb-,bell nebula4 #fa #fhid #ahii1 ,augu/ #i #a #j #g4b,s ,h ,,iv1 #ac4 #fb #fidf #ahii1 ,augu/ #g #d #j #c4i,s ,h ,,iv1 #gf4 #fc #fiie #ahii1 ,augu/ #bi #d #j #b4b,s ,network nebula 9 ,cygnus4 #fd #gjji #ahii1 ,july #bh #j #aj #ag ,s ,h ,,iv1 #a4 #ahii1 ,july #cj #j #b ,h ,,iv1 #a4 #fe #gjbc #aijc1 ,augu/ #ai-bj #c #j #c4h,s ,h ,,iv1 #gd4 #ff #gbag #ahii1 ,augu/ #ab #d #j #g4a,s ,h ,,ii1 #bjg4 #fg #gcca #ahii1 ,augu/ #aa #d #j #c4h,s ,h ,i1 #ec4 #fh #gdgi #ahii1 ,augu/ #i #b #j #d4h,s ,h ,i1 #ee4 #ajs #bjs #fi #gffb #ahii1 ,septemb] #e #cjs#ag ,s ,h1 ,,iv1 #ah4 #am #bm #gj #ghad #ahii1 ,septemb] #cj #c #j #d4i,s ,h ,,ii1 #bdj4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,illu/ration3 ,plate #a ,,! ,,great ,,nebula ,,9 ,,&rom$a ,illu/ration3 ,plate #b ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,h4,v4,i4 ,,ceti ,illu/ration3 ,plate #c ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,m4#cc ,,trianguli ,illu/ration3 ,plate #d ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,m4#gd ,,piscium ,illu/ration3 ,plate #e ,,! ,,nebula ,m4#gf ,,p]sei ,illu/ration3 ,plate #f ,,! ,,nebula ,h4,v4 #ai ,,&rom$ae ,illu/ration3 ,plate #g ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,m4#gg ,,ceti ,illu/ration3 ,plate #h ,,! ,,pleiades ,illu/ration3 ,plate #i ,,! ,,crab ,,nebula ,,9 ,,taurus ,illu/ration3 ,plate #aa ,,c5tral ,,portion ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,nebula ,,9 ,,orion ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ab ,,! ,,nebula ,h4,v4 #cj1 ,,orionis ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ac ,,! ,,nebula ,h4,v4 #bh ,,orionis ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ad ,,! ,,nebula ,m4#gh ,,orionis ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ae ,,nebula ,,ne> #ae ,,monoc]otis ,illu/ration3 ,plate #af ,,new ,,nebula ,,9 ,,monoc]os 7,,rob]ts7 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ag ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,h4,v4#dd ,,camelop>di ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ah ,,! ,,nebula ,h4,i4#bjj ,,leonis ,,m9oris ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ai ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,h4,i4#bje ,,ursae ,,majoris ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bj ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,h4,i4#ef-eg ,,leonis ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ba ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,m #ha1 ,,ursae ,,majoris ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bb ,,! ,,nebula ,h4,i4#afc1 ,,sextantis ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bc ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,h4,i4#aii1 ,,ursae ,,majoris ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bd ,,! ,,d\ble ,,nebula ,h4,,ii #bh-bi1 ,,leonis ,illu/ration3 ,plate #be ,,! ,,planet>y ,,nebula ,h4,,iv #bg1 ,,hydrae ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bf ,,! ,,nebula ,h4,v #df1 ,,ursae ,,majoris ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bg ,,! ,,owl ,,nebula1 ,m #ig1 ,,ursae ,,majoris ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bh ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,m #fe1 ,,leonis ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bi ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,m #ff1 ,,leonis ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cj ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,h4,,ii1 #gcj1 ,,ursae ,,majoris ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ca ,,! ,,nebula ,h4,v #da1 ,,canum ,,v5aticorum ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cb ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,m #ii1 ,,comae ,,b]5ices ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cc ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,h4,v #dc1 ,,ursae ,,majoris ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cd ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,m #fa1 ,,virg9is ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ce ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,m #ajj1 ,,comae ,,b]5ices ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cf ,,! ,,nebula ,h4,i #aig-aih1 ,,canum ,,v5aticorum ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cg ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,m #hh1 ,,comae ,,b]5ices ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ch ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,h4,v #b1 ,,virg9is ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ci ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,h4,i #ib1 ,,comae ,,b]5ices ,illu/ration3 ,plate #dj ,,! ,,nebula ,h4,v #bd1 ,,comae ,,b]5ices ,illu/ration3 ,plate #da ,,! ,,nebula ,h4,v #db1 ,,comae ,,b]5ices ,illu/ration3 ,plate #db ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,h4,i #hd1 ,,comae ,,b]5ices ,illu/ration3 ,plate #dc ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,m #id1 ,,canum ,,v5aticorum ,illu/ration3 ,plate #dd ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,m #id ,,canum ,,v5aticorum ,illu/ration3 ,plate #de ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,m #fd1 ,,comae ,,b]5ices ,illu/ration3 ,plate #df ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,m #fc1 ,,canum ,,v5aticorum ,illu/ration3 ,plate #dg ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,m #ea1 ,,canum ,,v5aticorum ,illu/ration3 ,plate #dh ,,! ,,/> ,,clu/] ,m #c1 ,,canum ,,v5aticorum ,illu/ration3 ,plate #di ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,m #aja1 ,,ursae ,,majoris ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ej ,,! ,,d\ble ,,nebula ,h4,,ii #gea-geb1 ,,bootis ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ea ,,! ,,nebula ,h4,i #bae1 ,,draconis ,illu/ration3 ,plate #eb ,,! ,,/> ,,clu/] ,m #e1 ,,librae ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ec ,,! ,,/> ,,clu/] ,m #ac1 ,,h]culis ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ed ,,! ,,/> ,,clu/] ,m #ab1 ,,ophiu*i ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ee ,,! ,,trifid ,,nebula1 ,m #bj1 ,,sagitt>ii ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ef ,,! ,,nebula ,m #h1 ,,sagitt>ii ,illu/ration3 ,plate #eg ,,! ,,planet>y ,,nebula ,h4,,iv #cg1 ,,draconis ,illu/ration3 ,plate #eh ,,! ,,horse ,,%oe ,,or ,,omega ,,nebula ,m #ag1 ,,sagitt>ii ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ei ,,! ,,r+ ,,nebula1 ,m4#eg1 ,,9 ,,lyra ,illu/ration3 ,plate #fj ,,! ,,dumb-,,bell ,,nebula ,,9 ,,vulpecula ,illu/ration3 ,plate #fa ,,! ,,annul> ,,nebula ,h4,,iv #ac1 ,,cygni ,illu/ration3 ,plate #fb ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,h4,,iv #gf1 ,,cephei ,illu/ration3 ,plate #fc ,,! ,,net-,,"w ,,nebula ,,9 ,,cygnus ,illu/ration3 ,plate #fd ,,! ,,planet>y ,,nebula ,h4,,iv #a1 ,,aqu>ii ,illu/ration3 ,plate #fe ,,! ,,nebula ,h4,,iv #gd1 ,,cephei ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ff ,,! ,,nebula ,h4,,ii #bjg1 ,,pegasi ,illu/ration3 ,plate #fg ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,h4,i #ec1 ,,pegasi ,illu/ration3 ,plate #fh ,,! ,,spiral ,,nebula ,h4,i #ee1 ,,pegasi ,illu/ration3 ,plate #fi ,,! ,,planet>y ,,nebula ,h4,,iv #ah1 ,,&rom$ae ,illu/ration3 ,plate #gj ,,! ,,nebula ,h4,,ii #bdj1 ,,pegasi ,,footnotes3 #a ,repr9t$ f ,! ,a/rophysical ,j\rnal1 #aa1 #cbe1 #aijj4 #b ,= a m complete hi/ory ( ?is "p ( ! subject1 see ,dr4 ,hold5's articles 9 ,pub4 ,a/4 ,soc4 ,pacific1 #g1 #aig et seq41 #ahie4 #c ,! difficulties "h ref]r$ to1 ab\t :i* a good deal has be5 writt51 seem to h _h _! orig9 9 ! fact t x 0 impossible1 at ! "t ( ! prelim9>y trials1 to provide ! obs]v] ) an assi/ant1 :ile ! ,crossley reflector is practically unmanageable by a s+le p]son4 #d ,mon4 ,n4 ,r4 ,a4 ,s41 #dh1 #chf4 #e ,k9dly l5t by ! ,a/ronomical ,society ( ! ,pacific4 #f ,mem4 ,r4 ,a4 ,s41 #df1 #agc4 #g ,mon4 ,n4 ,r4 ,a4 ,s41 #dh1 #bhj1 #ahhh4 #h ,mon4 ,n4 ,r4 ,a4 ,s41 #di1 #big4 ,! con/ruction "h describ$ is n foll[$ exactly 9 ! ,crossley app>atus4 ,! guid+ eyepiece slides freely :5 n held by a clamp4 ,p9-holes = prev5t+ fogg+ are unnecess>y :5 r$ light is us$4 #i ,x s happ5s t ! t5sion ( ! v]tical ?read is su* t x beg9s to slack5 :5 ! temp]ature falls to )9 ab\t #b deg4 ( ! dew po9t4 ,! ?read ?us =ms an excell5t hygromet]1 :i* is con/antly "u ! eye ( ! obs]v]4 ,:5 ! ?read becomes slack1 x is "t to cov] ! mirrors4 #aj ,mon4 ,n4 ,r4 ,a4 ,s41 #dh1 #ceb4 #aa ,! foll[+ li/ includes all pap]s ( int]e/3 ,photographic ,obs]vations ( ,comet ,i1 #ahih 7,brooks71 made ) ! ,crossley ,reflector ( ! ,lick ,obs]vatory4 ,a4 ,j4 ,no4 #dea1 #ai1 #aea2 see also ,ap4 ,j41 #h1 #bhg4 ,! ,small ,bright ,nebula ne> ,m]ope1 ,pub4 ,a4 ,s4 ,p41 #aj1 #bde4 ,on ,"s ,photographs ( ! ,great ,nebula 9 ,orion1 tak5 by means ( ! ,less ,refrangible ,rays 9 its ,spectrum1 ,ap4 ,j41 #i1 #acc4 ,see also ,pub4 ,a4 ,s4 ,p41 #aa1 #gj2 ,ap4 ,j41 #aj1 #afg2 ,a4 ,n41 #cfja4 ,small ,nebulae discov]$ ) ! ,crossley ,reflector ( ! ,lick ,obs]vatory1 ,mon4 ,n4 ,r4 ,a4 ,s41 #ei1 #ecg4 ,! ,r+ ,nebula 9 ,lyra1 ,ap4 ,j41 #aj1 #aic4 ,! ,annul> ,nebula ,h4 ,,iv4 #ac 9 ,cygnus1 ,ap4 ,j41 #aj1 #bff2 see also ,pub4 ,a4 ,s4 ,p41 #aa1 #agg4 ,on ! ,pr$om9ance ( ,spiral ,=ms among ! ,nebulae1 ,a4 ,n41 #cfja4 ,! ,di/ribution ( ,/>s 9 ! ,clu/] ,messi] #ac 9 ,h]cules 7by ,h4 ,k4 ,palm]71 ,ap4 ,j41 #aj1 #bdf4 ,! ,photographic ,effici5cy ( ! ,crossley ,reflector1 ,pub4 ,a4 ,s4 ,p41 #aa1 #aii2 ,obs]vatory1 #bb1 #dcg4 ,new ,nebulae discov]$ photographically ) ! ,crossley ,reflector ( ! ,lick ,obs]vatory1 ,mon4 ,n4 ,r4 ,a4 ,s41 #fj1 #abh4 ,! ,spiral ,nebula1 ,h4 ,i41 #ee ,pegasi1 ,ap4 ,j41 #aa1 #a4 ,photographic ,obs]vations ( ,h9d's ,v>iable ,nebula 9 ,taurus1 made ) ! ,crossley ,reflector ( ! ,lick ,obs]vatory1 ,mon4 ,n4 ,r4 ,a4 ,s41 #fj1 #dbd4 ,use ( ! ,crossley ,reflector = ,photographic ,measurem5ts ( ,position1 ,pub4 ,a4 ,s4 ,p41 #ab1 #gc4 ,discov]y & ,photographic ,obs]vations ( a ,new ,a/]oid #ahii ,,fd41 ,a4 ,n41 #cfce4 ,elem5ts ( ,a/]oid #ahii ,,fd4 7by ,h4 ,k4 ,palm]71 ,a4 ,n4 #cfce4 #ab ,footnote add$ 9 #aijh3 ,?is conclud+ p>agraph1 reta9$ 9 ! pres5t publication = complet5ess1 loses po9t 9 "s p>ticul>s1 because ! photogravure ref]r$ to is n reproduc$ "h4 ,! heliogravure reproduction ( ! ,trifid nebula is ,no4 #ee4 #ac ,s9ce !n a photograph by ,dr4 ,rob]ts has appe>$ 9 ,k1 #bc1 #ce1 ,febru>y1 #aijj4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,passages 9 italics are indicat$ by italics4 ,passages 9 bold are indicat$ by bold4 ,sup]script$ *>act]s are indicat$ by x4 ,subscript$ *>act]s are indicat$ by x4 ,! orig9al text utilizes a circle symbol2 ?is is repres5t$ 9 ?is text v]sion z circle4