,,typographic ,,te*nical ,,s]ies ,,= ,,appr5tices--,,"p ,i4 ,,no4 #a ,,type ,a ,,prim] ( ,,in=mation ,,ab\t ,,! ,,me*anical ,,features ,,( ,,pr9t+ ,,types3 ,,_! ,,sizes1 ,,font ,,s*emes1 c4 ,,) ,a ,,brief ,,description ,,( ,,_! ,,manufacture ,,compil$ ,,by ,a4 ,a4 ,,/ew>t ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,committee ,,on ,,education ,,unit$ ,,typo!tae ,,( ,,am]ica #aiah ,,copyright1 #aiah ,,unit$ ,,typo!tae ,,( ,,am]ica ,,*icago1 ,,ill4 ,composition by ,,pupils ,,9 ,,! ,,typo!tae ,,s*ool ,,( ,,pr9t+ ,,nor? ,,end ,,union1 ,,bo/on ,,preface ,?is treatise is ! fir/ ( a s]ies ( text-books1 publi%$ "u ! g5]al title ( ,typographic ,te*nical ,s]ies = ,appr5tices1 :i* h be5 prep>$ "u ! auspices ( ! ,committee on ,education ( ! ,unit$ ,typo!tae ( ,am]ica1 = ! use ( pr9t]s' appr5tices & /ud5ts ( typographic pr9t+4 ,z w be not$ by ! table ( cont5ts1 only ! me*anical features ( type & ! usual me?ods ( its manufacture h be5 consid]$ "h4 ,no attempt has be5 made to review ! hi/ory ( type-faces or ! developm5t ( type-mak+ processes4 ,^! phases ( ! subject are consid]$ 9 o!r publications ( ! s]ies 7see p4 #cf7 & 9 supplem5t>y read+ recomm5d$ = /ud5ts 7p4 #bh74 ,x is n :at !y are b :at !y c be made to d "u ! control ( tra9$ intellig5ce & skilful h&s t makes pr9t]'s types ( importance to ! _w4 ,no tools us$ 9 mod]n indu/ry seem simpl] ?an ^! little pieces ( metal1 yet !y are ! product ( ! mo/ highly specializ$ skill & +5i\sly p]fect$ me*anisms4 ,to ! "y pr9t] _! physical elem5ts are matt]s ( fir/ conc]n4 ,an und]/&+ ( ^! elem5ts may be only a small "p ( 8 trade education1 b x is important4 ,! possibilities & ! limitations ( type c be appreciat$ only by ?or\gh famili>ity ) ! te*nical details & niceties provid$ by ! mod]n typef\nd]4 ,a special feature ( ?is s]ies ( te*nical publications is ! li/ ( ,review ,que/ions1 :i* w be f\nd at ! end ( ea* treatise 7see pp4 #bi-ca74 ,^! que/ions cov] ! ess5tial po9ts 9 ea* subject & w be ( assi/ance to in/ructors1 = exam9ations1 etc4 ,a li/ ( ! o!r titles ( ! s]ies1 z well z a /atem5t ( _! plan & scope1 w be f\nd on pp4 i-vii ( ?is publication4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,features ,,( ,a ,,type #g ,a ,,font ,,( ,,type #i ,,s*eme ,,= ,,job ,,font #aa ,,s*eme ,,= #ajj-,,lb4 ,,font #ab ,,! ,,sizes ,,( ,,type #ac ,,l9+ ,,type ,,faces #af ,,k]n$ ,,types #ah ,,spaces ,,& ,,quads #ai ,,h[ ,,type ,,is ,,made #bj ,,! ,,l9otype #bc ,,! ,,monotype #be ,,+r$i5ts ,,( ,,type ,,metal #bf ,,wood ,,type #bg ,,supplem5t>y ,,read+ #bh ,,review ,,que/ions #bi ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,t]ms #cb ,,me*anical ,,features ,,( ,,type ,pr9t+ owes its developm5t fir/ & *iefly to movable metal types4 ,! s-call$ inv5tion ( pr9t+ 0 ! discov]y ( a me?od ( mak+ s]viceable type 9 quantity4 ,! idea ( a sep>ate type = ea* lett] ( ! alphabet 0 probably conceiv$ long be=e ,gut5b]g's "t1 b x rema9$ = him & 8 associates to devise an app>atus = mak+ !m quickly & accurately en\gh to be ( practical value4 ,t app>atus 0 ! type mold1 :i* exp]i5ce has s9ce prov$ to be ! mo/ effici5t means ( secur+ exactness & uni=mity 9 a numb] ( small pieces ( metal4 ,type is made ( an alloy ( lead1 t91 & antimony4 ,its l5g? 7te*nically call$ height-to-pap]7 is 4#iah ( an in*4 ,ea* type is ca/ sep>ately 9 a mold1 & has ! lett] or pr9t+ "* 9 bold relief on "o end4 ,illu/ration ,exact uni=mity ( body is necess>y 9 ord] t ! types1 :5 compos$ 9 l9es & pages1 may be lock$ toge!r by pressure at ! sides s z to make a compact mass4 ,all types 9 a pr9t+ =m mu/ be ( ! same height1 s t _! faces may pres5t a uni=mly level surface f :i* an impression may be made t w %[ all ! *>act]s cle>ly4 ,a %ort type w pr9t fa9tly or w n pr9t at all1 :ile a long "o w be unduly =c$ into ! %eet4 ,illu/ration ,!re are on an av]age ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty roman lett]s & o!r *>act]s requir$ 9 ord9>y book pr9t+4 ,^! lett]s are divid$ into a numb] ( classes3 full-body lett]s1 asc5d+ lett]s1 desc5d+ lett]s1 %ort lett]s2 & 9 "s cases1 small capitals1 :i* are l>g] ?an %ort lett]s b n s tall z capitals or asc5d]s4 ,only a few lett]s1 l ,j & ,q1 cov] ne>ly ! entire surface on ! end ( ! type2 o!r lett]s1 l ,b h l i1 cov] ! upp] portion *iefly & leave a blank space at ! bottom2 :ile ! small lett]s1 l a e o u v1 occupy only ! middle portion ( ! surface2 /ill o!rs1 l g y p1 cov] ! middle & l[] portions ( ! surface4 ,z all ^! irregul> %apes mu/ be made to appe> 9 l9e ) ea* o!r1 ! type-body on :i* !y are made is l>g] ?an ! lett]4 ,! blank p>ts ar\nd ! face ( a lett] are call$ ! c\nt]1 ! %\ld]1 & ! be>d4 ,! c\nt] is ! %all[ place betwe5 ! l9es ( ! face4 ,! %\ld] is ! l[ flat "p ( ! type ar\nd ! face4 ,! be>d is ! slop+ "p betwe5 ! face & ! %\ld]4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,a1 ! face ,b ,b1 ! s]ifs ,c ,c1 ! c\nt] ,e1 ! p9-m>k ,f ,f1 ! be>d ,g1 ! %\ld] ,h1 ! nick ,j ,j1 ! feet ,k1 ! groove ,an important feature ( a type is ! nick on ! side ( ! body4 ,9 _m cases !re may be two1 ?ree1 or ev5 f\r nicks on a type4 ,usually all ! types ( a font h nicks t are id5tical 9 numb] & position1 & :5 ! types are compos$ 9 l9es ^! nicks mat* ea* o!r & =m cont9u\s grooves on ! l[] "p ( ! l9e ( type4 ,! nicks s]ve z guides to ! compositor :5 tak+ ! type f ! case to 8 compos+ /ick1 & !y assi/ 9 di/+ui%+ ! types ( "o font or face f ^? ( ano!r on ! same size ( body4#a ,individual lett]s ( diff]5t type faces sometimes be> su* close resemblance t !y are m readily di/+ui%$ by ! nick or "s o!r body-m>k ?an by ! face4 ,a diff]5ce 9 alignm5t ( nicks 9 a l9e w readily %[ ! pres5ce ( a wrong-font lett]4 ,typef\nd]s sometimes make an extra nick on a few small-capitals 7o s v w x z7 9 ord] to di/+ui% ^! types f ! l[]-case lett]s ( ! same font4 ,a ,font ( ,type ,a font ( type is an assortm5t ( "o size & k9d t is us$ toge!r4 ,x is usually all ! type 9 ! compos+-room ( a c]ta9 k9d mat*+ 9 body1 nick1 & face4 ,a small font may be held 9 "o case1 b sev]al cases may be requir$ = a font ( l>ge quantity4 ,an ord9>y font ( roman type = book "w w include ^! *>act]s3 ,roman ,capitals-- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,p ,q ,r ,s ,t ,u ,v ,w ,x ,y ,z ,,ae ,,oe ,small ,capitals-- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,p ,q ,r ,s ,t ,u ,v ,w ,x ,y ,z ,,ae ,,oe ,l[]-case ,lett]s#b-- a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ae oe fi fl ff ffi ffl ,figures-- #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #j 7or old/yle #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #j7 ,m>ks ( ,punctuation--,p]iod 4 comma 1 colon 3 semi-colon 2 hyph5 - apo/rophe ' exclamation m>k 6 "q m>k 8 p>5!sis 7 bracket ,! latt] two are us$ 9 pairs 77 1 ! second type be+ set 9 rev]s$ position4 ,quotation ,m>ks are made by two inv]t$ commas at ! beg9n+ & two apo/rophes at ! end ( ! quot$ matt]4 ,9 "s fonts !re is a d\ble m>k ca/ on s+le bodies1 b ^! are n (t5 us$4 ,da%es--,en - em -- two-em ---- ?ree-em ------ ,ref]5ce ,m>ks--,a/]isk or /> 99 dagg] ,symbol3 dagg] d\ble dagg] ,symbol3 d\ble dagg] section ,symbol3 section p>allel p>agraph ,symbol3 pilcr[ index 7h&1 or fi/7 ,symbol3 "r h& ,braces--,two-em ,graphic3 two-em brace ?ree-em ,graphic3 ?ree-em brace piec$ braces ,graphic3 piec$ brace made on em bodies1 :i* may be ext5d$ m or less ) da%es ,graphic3 long] piec$ brace ,! doll>-m>k 1 %ort-& 7or r\nd-&7 1 & /]l+ p\nd-m>k ,l are also includ$ ) all full fonts4 ,! "* ct is an old-/yle ligature 7two jo9$ lett]s ca/ on "o type7 made 9 "s fonts ( old-/yle faces4 ,x is "o ( ! _m lett] comb9ations =m]ly common1 9 imitation ( ! "w ( old manuscript writ]s4 ,_m /yles ( roman types h italic lett]s to mat*1 b ! italic fonts include only capitals1 l[]-case1 figures1 & punctuation m>ks3 ,italic ,capitals-- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,p ,q ,r ,s ,t ,u ,v ,w ,x ,y ,z ,,ae ,,oe ,italic ,l[]-case-- a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ae oe ,italic ,figures-- #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #j 7#a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #j7 ,italic ,po9ts1 etc4#c-- 4 1 3 2 - ' 6 8 7 ,small capitals are n made = italic fonts1 except 9 r>e cases4 ,:5 !y are ne$$ 9 composition1 capitals ( a small] size ( type are ju/ifi$ into ! text l9e4 ,o!r extra *>act]s1 n includ$ 9 ord9>y fonts b :i* may be add$ :5 requir$1 are acc5t$ lett]s 7a e e i o u etc471 fractions #c_/d #e_/ac etc471 ma!matical signs 7 x _/ etc471 sup]ior 7ab #db7 & inf]ior 7ab #ab7 lett]s & figures1 lead]s 744444444444471 comm]cial signs 7 ,symbol3 lb b> ,symbol3 p] sign ,symbol3 acc\nt ( c71 & _m o!r *>act]s = special k9ds ( pr9t+4 ,fonts ( adv]tis+1 jobb+1 & display types usually consi/ ( ! capitals1 l[]-case lett]s1 figures1 & po9ts1 ) occasionally a few extra *>act]s4 ,= _m rec5t /yles ( heavy faces ! f\nd]s furni% fractions1 acc5t$ lett]s1 & o!r special *>act]s to mat* 9 boldness ( face1 b ^! are n includ$ 9 ord9>y lett]-fonts4 ,! quantity ( ea* "* apportion$ to a regul> font is ! e/imat$ av]age requir$ = ord9>y composition 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,x is r>e t m ?an a fraction ( a small font c be us$ 9 any piece ( composition4 ,no g5]al s*eme c meet ! ne$s ( e k9d ( "w2 tables & /ati/ical matt] w ne$ extra figures1 directories & o!r li/s w call = surplus capitals1 dialogue matt] w ne$ m ?an ! usual portion ( commas & apo/rophes = quote-m>ks2 ev5 pla9 descriptive composition w (t5 call = extra sorts4 ,= ^! & o!r peculi> k9ds ( composition extra quantities ( "s *>act]s1 z well z o!r mat]ial1 mu/ be provid$4 ,ord9>y roman & o!r faces us$ 9 l>ge quantities are measur$ by weight4 ,! proportion ( lett]s 9 a #ajj-p\nd font1 %[+ ! proportions ( ea* "*1 is giv5 on ! next page4 ,miscellane\s faces us$ 9 small quantities are put up 9 fonts conta9+ a c]ta9 numb] ( ea* lett]1 ! size ( ! font be+ designat$ by ! numb] ( capital ,a's & l[]-case a's x conta9s4 ,s*eme = #ae-;,a #cj-;a ,job ,font ( #ab-,po9t#d --------------------------------------- ,,capitals ,,l[]-,,case ,,po9ts ,a #ae a #cj p]iod #ca ,b #f b #ab comma #ca ,c #aj c #af colon #f ,d #h d #ah semi-colon #f ,e #ah e #dj hyph5 #i ,f #g f #ab apo/rophe #ac ,g #g g #ab 6 #i ,h #h h #bj 8 #h ,i #ae i #cj 7 #f ,j #e j #h ,k #e k #h ,,figures ,l #aj l #bj ,m #h m #af #a #e ,n #ae n #cj #b #d ,o #ae o #cj #c #d ,p #h p #ab #d #d ,q #c q #f #e #d ,r #ae r #cj #f #d ,s #ae s #cj #g #d ,t #ae t #cj #h #d ,u #h u #af #i #e ,v #e v #h #j #f ,w #f w #ab #d ,x #c x #f ,l #a ,y #f y #ab ,z #c z #f #f fi #c fl #c ff #c ffi #b ffl #b --------------------------------------- ,a ,,weight ,,font ,proportion ( ,lett]s c4 9 #ajj lb4 ( ,roman ,type ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,capitals ,,small ,,caps4 ,,l[] ,,case ,,figures oz oz lb oz oz ,a #h-a_/b ,a #b-a_/b a #d #f #a #h ,b #e ,b #a-a_/b b #a - #b #f-a_/b ,c #g-a_/b ,c #b c #a #ad #c #e-a_/b ,d #f-a_/b ,d #b d #c - #d #e ,e #aj ,e #c-a_/b e #f #h #e #f-a_/b ,f #e ,f #a-a_/b f #a #a #f #e ,g #e-a_/b ,g #a-a_/b g #a #d #g #e ,h #f-a_/b ,h #b h #c #h #h #e ,i #f ,i #a-c_/d i #b #ab #i #e ,j #d-a_/b ,j #a-a_/d j - #e #j #aj ,k #d ,k #a-a_/d k - #h #b ,l #f ,l #b l #a #h ,l #a_/b ,m #g-a_/b ,m #b-a_/d m #b #aj ----- ,n #g-a_/b ,n #b-a_/b n #d #f #dlb ,o #g-a_/b ,o #b-a_/b o #d #d ,p #f ,p #a-c_/d p #a #f ,,po9ts ,q #b-a_/b ,q #c_/d q - #e lb oz ,r #h ,r #b-a_/d r #c #e p]iod #a - ,s #h ,s #b-a_/d s #c #f comma #a #h ,t #i ,t #b-a_/b t #c #ab colon - #b ,u #e ,u #a-a_/b u #b #b semi-colon - #c ,v #c-a_/b ,v #a v - #ad hyph5 - #i ,w #g ,w #b w #a #aj apo/rophe - #d ,x #b ,x #c_/d x - #e 6 - #b ,y #d-a_/b ,y #a-a_/d y #a #d -- - #c ,z #b ,z #a_/b z - #d 7 - #b ,,ae #c_/d ,,ae #a_/d ae - #a - #a ,,oe #c_/d ,,oe #a_/d oe - #a ------ #c-a_/b #a fi - #e #d #d ------ ----- ff - #d #ajlb #clb ffi - #d ,,spaces ,,& ,,quads ----------------------- fl - #c lb oz ffl - #c hair - #b ,,totals lb ------- #e-to-em - #aj ,capitals #aj #eh #ab #d-to-em #a - ,small capitals #c #c-to-em #f - ,l[]-case #eh-c_/d en-quad #b #d ,figures #d em #a #aj ,po9ts #d-a_/d #b-;em #d #b ,spaces #bj #c-;em #d #d & ,quads ------- ------ #ajjlb #bjlb ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,weight fonts ( body type are usually put up by ! f\nd]s 9 sections or p>ts ( fonts z giv5 9 ! above summ>y ( totals1 s t "o or m ( ^! sections may be obta9$ to supplem5t a font already 9 use4 ,x w be not$ t braces1 da%es1 & ref]5ce-m>ks are omitt$ 9 ! above li/4 ,^! *>act]s1 l fractions1 comm]cial signs1 etc41 are n n[ consid]$ p>ts ( ord9>y fonts1 b are put up 9 sep>ate packages & mu/ be specially ord]$ :5 want$4 ,font s*emes apportion$ 9 quantities l ! =ego+ are m or less closely adh]$ to = orig9al packages ( f\ndry-ca/ type4 ,to insure precision1 :5 ord]+1 x is necess>y to /ate n only ! quantity 7by numb] ( lett]s or weight7 b also :e!r a complete font or "p ( a complete font 7capital font1 l[]-case font1 or figure font7 is ref]r$ to4 ,! ,sizes ( ,type ,all pr9t+ type has1 fir/1 a "n d5ot+ its size1 & second1 "o d5ot+ ! /yle ( its face4 ,= in/ance1 ! type us$ = ! text ( ?is book is #aj-po9t 7its size7 ,l9+ ,caslon ,old/yle 7! f\ndry "n ( its face74 ,illu/ration ,! size ( a type is ! v]tical ?ickness ( its body--! ?ickness ( a l9e up & d[n ! page4 ,! wid? ( a type is its set4 ,?us a #ab-po9t en-quad is #ab-po9t body & #f-po9t set1 a #aj-po9t figure ( ! ?ickness ( an en quad is #aj-po9t body & #e-po9t set1 etc4 ,! total l5g? ( a type1 includ+ feet & face1 is its height-to-pap]4 ,am]ican type sizes con=m to a graduat$ scale kn[n z ! po9t sy/em4 ,! unit ( ! sy/em is a division ( space call$ a po9t1 :i* is 4#jach 7approximately #a_/gb7 ( an in*4 ,type bodies are multiples ( ?is po9t4 ,! usual sizes are graduat$ by po9ts up to #ab-po9t4 ,sizes above #ah-po9t are multiples ( #f-po9t up to #fj-po9t 7#ah1 #bd1 #cj1 #cf1 #db1 #dh1 #ed1 #fj74 ,l>g] sizes are #gb-po9t1 #hd-po9t 7r>e71 #if-po9t1 #abj-po9t1 & #add-po9t1 ! latt] be+ ! l>ge/ type commonly ca/ 9 a mold4 ,illu/ration3 ,agate ,a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,mabcdefghijklmn op #f-po9t ,a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,kabcdefehijklmnopqr stw #h-po9t ,a,b,c,d,e,fabcdefghijklmnop #aj-po9t ,a,b,c,d,eabcdefghijklmr #ab-po9t ,a,b,c,d,eabcdefghi #ad-po9t ,a,b,c,dabcdghi #ah-po9t ,d,e,fcdjklu #bd-po9t ,b,cabyc #cj-po9t ,bangl #cf-po9t ,bats #db-po9t ,bld #dh-po9t ,ht ,! above squ>es %[ "o em ( ! sizes /at$4 ,! lett]s %[ ! size ( face made on ! body4 ,9 addition to ! small sizes %[n 9 ! accompany+ illu/ration1 !re are "s int]m$iate sizes l #e-a_/b-po9t & #d-a_/b-po9t1 & type z small z #c-po9t has be5 made4 ,^! are r>e1 h[ev]1 z type small] ?an #e-a_/b-po9t is n practicable = ext5d$ use4 ,^! small sizes are employ$ = special purposes1 l m9iature editions ( books 7p>ts ( ! ,bible1 pray] books1 etc47 cut-9 notes1 piece-fractions1 small bord]s1 special *>act]s1 & occasional words or l9es t are requir$ to be put 9 ! smalle/ possible space4 ,! size ( type kn[n z agate 7f\rte5 l9es to an in*7 is consid]$ ! common /&>d ( measurem5t = newspap] & magaz9e adv]tis+ space4 ,_m pla9 types = books1 p]iodicals1 etc41 are made only 9 small sizes4 ,c]ta9 faces are made 9 a few sizes only1 :ile o!rs are made 9 m or less complete s]ies f #f-po9t to #dh-po9t4 ,! irregul> sizes ( #e-a_/b-po9t1 #g-po9t1 #i-po9t1 & #aa-po9t are mo/ly roman faces1 ) companion italics1 & a few bold] /yles = head+s & o!r display 9 comb9ation ) romans ( ! same body4 ,_m new faces are n[ made by f\nd]s 9 grad$ s]ies f #f-po9t to #gb-po9t1 & 9 "s cases ev5 l>g]4 ,type faces adapt$ to _m k9ds ( "w are made 9 ne>ly all ! regul> sizes1 :ile ^? faces design$ = small & da9ty "w1 l p]sonal & society c>ds & /ation]y1 are made only 9 ! small] sizes ( ! li/4 ,types are n[ (t5 ca/ ) faces l>g] or small] ?an is commonly made on ! body1 su* z a #ab-po9t face on #aj-po9t body1 giv+ ! effect ( compactness2 or an #h-po9t face made on a #aj-po9t body1 :i* gives a light] appe>ance z if op5$ ) #b-po9t leads4 ,^! are kn[n z ba/>d types4 ,because ( ?is irregul>ity 9 ! faces ( types x is difficult to "k ! exact body-size ( a type by m]ely exam9+ a pr9t$ %eet4 ,bord]s1 ornam5ts1 florets1 & decorative *>act]s ca/ on type-bodies are n[ made mo/ly 9 sizes bas$ on ! #f-po9t z ! unit 7#f1 #ab1 #ah1 #bd-po9t1 & l>g] multiples71 b #h-po9t1 #aj-po9t1 & #ad-po9t sizes are sometimes us$4 ,be=e ! adoption ( ! po9t sy/em1 type sizes 7 nam$ 9 a haphaz>d way4 ,arbitr>y names 7 giv5 to c]ta9 sizes & 9 _m cases types ( ! same "n made by diff]5t f\nd]s v>i$ s mu* 9 size t !y c\ld n be us$ toge!r )\t great inconv5i5ce to ! pr9t]4 ,"s ( ^! old names /ill survive & are appli$ to ! po9t-sy/em bodies :i* approximate ! old sizes4 ,,po9t ,,size ,,old ,,"n #c-po9t excelsior #d-po9t brilliant #d-a_/b-po9t diamond #e-po9t pe>l #e-a_/b-po9t agate #f-po9t nonp>eil #g-po9t m9ion #h-po9t brevi] #i-po9t b\rgeois #aj-po9t long prim] #aa-po9t small pica #ab-po9t pica #ad-po9t engli% #af-po9t columbian #ah-po9t great prim] ?ree-l9e nonp>eil #bj-po9t p>agon #bb-po9t two-l9e small pica #bd-po9t two-l9e pica #bh-po9t two-l9e engli% #cb-po9t two-l9e columbian #cf-po9t two-l9e great prim] #dj-po9t two-l9e p>agon #dd-po9t m]idian #dh-po9t canon1 f\r-l9e pica ,:ile ^! old names & _! sizes are n[ ne>ly obsolete1 "y pr9t]s %\ld le>n ! names & associate !m ) _! correspond+ sizes ( ! po9t sy/em4 ,9 ! =ego+ li/ !re are sev]al int]m$iate sizes 7#af1 #bj1 #bb1 #bh1 #cb1 #dj1 #dd-po9t7 r>ely us$ = type ( rec5t design4 ,fonts ( ^! odd sizes may be sometimes f\nd1 & !re has be5 a size ( #ae-po9t made1 b little us$4 ,^! odd sizes are1 h[ev]1 mo/ly old faces1 scripts1 & black-lett]1 orig9ally ca/ on old bodies & lat]1 aft] ! introduction ( ! po9t sy/em1 made on new po9t-bodies :i* are ne>e/ to _! orig9al sizes4 ,! po9t sy/em has be5 appli$ to ! wid? ( types1 z well z to ! body-size2 t is1 ! set ( ea* type is fix$ at a giv5 numb] ( po9ts or fraction !re(4 ,?is me?od simplifies 9 a degree ! process ( accurate ju/ification1 z ea* l9e1 ?\gh conta9+ v>i\s lett]s & spaces1 is compos$ ( ! same numb] ( units4 ,an advantage ov] ! old me?od ( unrelat$ wid?s is 9 ! sav+ ( "t 9 composition1 by r$uc+ ! numb] ( diff]5t wid?s 9 ! *>act]s ( ! alphabet4 ,by ! old me?od ea* type _h its own special wid?2 9 a complete font !re might be a hundr$ or m diff]5t wid?s4 ,by ! mod]n po9t sy/em ^? *>act]s :i* are ne>ly alike 9 wid? are made on ! same set1 or1 if diff]5t1 ! v>iation is gov]n$ by ! /&>d unit4 ,l9+ ,type ,faces ,am]ican f\nd]s h adopt$ ! practice ( ca/+ type-faces on uni=m l9+ sy/ems1 v>i\sly kn[n z ,am]ican l9e1 /&>d l9e1 uni=m l9e1 etc4 ,! e>li] practice 0 to ca/ ! type ( a font s t ! lett]s w\ld align at ! bottom only ) _! mates ( ! same font1 )\t ref]5ce to any o!r face ( type4 ,:5 ! compositor _h occasion to use two or m diff]5t faces ( type 9 ! same l9e1 ^! faces 7 r>ely 9 ev5 alignm5t1 b 7 irregul>ly high or l[1 z %[n 9 ! accompany+ example ,a4 ,?is lack ( uni=mity made x necess>y :5 a diff]5t face 0 us$ 9 ! l9e1 z is (t5 requir$ 9 jobb+ & adv]tisem5ts1 to use ?9 leads1 c>ds1 or pieces ( pap] above & bel[ diff]5t p>ts ( ! type-l9e 9 ord] to get ! faces 9 l9e--an op]ation m or less tr\blesome & exp5sive4 ,by ! mod]n l9+ sy/em1 ! faces made on any giv5 size ( body are ca/ to align ) ea* o!r1 z %[n 9 ! second example ,b4 ,^! diff]5t faces require no m adju/m5t ?an if !y 7 all ( "o font4 ,illu/ration3 ,%[+ irregul> alignm5t ( faces1 ! old me?od4 ,%[+ exact alignm5t ( diff]5t faces1 ! mod]n way4 ,on diff]5t sizes ( type ! %\ld]1 or blank space1 at ! bottom ( ! lett] increases gradually ) ! size ( ! type1 s t a ^w ( small type plac$ beside a l>g] size mu/ h "s spac+ mat]ial bel[ z well z above to keep x 9 its "r alignm5t4 ,?is necess>y diff]5ce 9 ! face-alignm5t ( v>i\s sizes is graduat$ by po9ts1 9 ! l9+ sy/em1 s t :5 m ?an "o size type is us$ 9 ! same l9e ! ju/ification is made by us+ po9t-body leads4 ,?is makes ! use ( slips ( c>d & pap] unnecess>y & secures great] accuracy & solidity ( ! compos$ page4 ,illu/ration3 #cj-po9t to #f-po9t l9$ up ) #a-po9t ,faces ( radically diff]5t /yle are n1 h[ev]1 all ca/ on ! same alignm5t1 b are classifi$ into ?ree gr\ps4 ,"o gr\p embraces ! majority ( type-faces1 ^? hav+ capitals & small lett]s1 g y p j4 ,ano!r gr\p embraces fonts ( capitals only1 mo/ly faces kn[n z title lett]s & comb9ation l9+ faces :i*1 hav+ no desc5d]s1 may be made l[] on ! body4 ,a ?ird gr\p includes ^? faces hav+ long desc5d]s1 l script types1 :i* mu/ be plac$ high on ! body4 ,illu/ration3 ,^! types %[ lett]s ca/ on ,a ! common l9e1 ,b title l9e1 ,c script l9e4 ,a common class ( l9+ types = job "w are ! comb9ation s]ies1 or ^? hav+ two or m sizes ( face 7capitals only7 ca/ on bodies ( ! same size4 ,ea* face is made to l9e ) ! o!rs on ! same body1 & all ! faces are readily us$ 9 comb9ation1 ) a s+le size ( spaces & quads4 ,9 ord] t ! type ( ea* face may be readily di/+ui%$1 ! nicks are v>i$ 9 numb] or position--a s+le nick = "o face1 two nicks = ano!r1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,am]ican ,,l9+ ,,sy/em ,k]n$ ,types ,:5 ! face ( a lett] is s l>ge t x projects ov] ! type-body1 x is kn[n z a k]n$ type4 ,lett]s ( ?is k9d are common 9 italic & script fonts1 & !re are a few lett]s1 l f & j1 9 "s old/yle roman fonts :i* h ! tip ( ! lett] ov]hang4 ,k]n$ types are a s\rce ( tr\ble because ( ! ease ) :i* ^! projections break (f dur+ composition1 pro(+1 etc4 ,yet !y _c be entirely disp5s$ )1 especially 9 italic & script faces hav+ a def9ite slope1 :]e ! long lett]s w\ld h wide gaps on ! side 7z %[n 9 ! script l9e above7 if !y 7 ca/ on bodies wide en\gh to hold ! entire face4 ,9 "s /yles ( upright faces hav+ extra long desc5d+ lett]s g1 p1 q1 y1 ^! desc5d]s may be k]n$4 ,illu/ration3 s l o p i n g slop+ ,%[+ :y "s lett]s mu/ be made on k]n$ types4 ,illu/ration3 ,l>ge italic lett]s are sometimes mortis$ at ! corn]s1 in/ead ( k]n$1 to all[ ! next lett] to fit close4 ,mod]n type-mak]s try1 by *ang+ ! %ape ( ! lett]s slightly1 to avoid k]ns z mu* z possible1 because ( ! extra c>e & exp5se involv$ 9 ca/+4 ,too (t51 un=tunately1 ?is avoidance ( ! k]n1 9 ord] to meet me*anical conv5i5ce1 is secur$ by sacrific+ ! di/9ctive =m ( ! lett]4 ,spaces & ,quads ,%ort metal spaces & quads 7f quadrat1 a squ>e71 us$ = blanks betwe5 words & else:]e1 are ( v>i\s ?icknesses1 z illu/rat$ bel[4 ,an em is a squ>e ( type body ( any size4 ,?is #aj-po9t em ,symbol3 holl[ squ>e is t5 po9ts squ>e2 a #aj-po9t ?ree-to-em space is "o ?ird ( ! em1 a f\r-to-em is "o f\r?1 etc4 ,! en quad is really a ?ick space1 ?\gh call$ a quad1 & is equal to half ! em4 ,l>g] blanks are ! two-em & ?ree-em quads1 us$ to fill ! la/ l9es ( p>agraphs & o!r wide spaces4 ,illu/ration3 #aj-,,po9t ,,spaces ,,& ,,quads hair space five-to-em f\r-to-em ?ree-to-em en-quad em-quad two-em ?ree-em ,! metal blanks %[n "h are ! regul> spaces & quads belong+ to a font ( type ( ! size ( #aj-po9t4 ,!y enable ! compositor to obta9 ! _m diff]5t spac+s requir$ to make l9es ! requir$ l5g?1 & to prop]ly sep>ate words & place !m :]ev] desir$ 9 ! l9e4 ,:ile ^! ?icknesses ( spaces are ! usual k9ds = sizes ( type up to #ab-po9t1 l>g] types may h o!r k9ds ( spaces1 six-to-em1 eight-to-em1 & ev5 small] divisions4 ,! ?ickness ( ! hair space does n always be> ! same proportion to ! em quad2 9 "s sizes x is "o six? ( ! em1 9 o!rs x may be "o eigh? or "o twelf?4 ,v ?9 spaces 7copp] #a_/b-po9t1 brass #a-po9t71 = exact spac+ & ju/ify+1 are suppli$ by deal]s4 ,a space ( ! ?ickness int]m$iate betwe5 ! ?ree-to-em & ! en quad1 kn[n z a pat5t space1 has be5 made = use 9 book "w4 ,al?\gh x has great advantage z a sub/itute = two ( ! ?9n] spaces :5 ^! are ne$$ 9 spac+ a l9e1 its use has be5 limit$ & x is n includ$ ) ! usual assortm5t furni%$ by deal]s4 ,! common spaces & quads = g5]al "w1 :5 ! type itself is us$ = pr9t+1 are ab\t sev5-eigh?s ( ! height ( ! type1 s t !y are well bel[ ! pr9t+ surface4 ,a type-page compos$ ) ^! spaces w h a little deep hole at ! top ( ea* space4 ,^! num]\s little holes pres5t a difficult surface = mak+ a good wax mold :5 an electroplate is made = pr9t+4 ,:]e mu* mold+ is to be done1 high] spaces1 quads1 & o!r blanks are provid$4 ,^! high spaces & quads rea* ne>ly to ! %\ld] ( ! type4 ,h[ ,type is ,made ,illu/ration3 ,solid l9es indicate "o half ( ! mold4 ,dott$ l9es %[ ! o!r half 9 position4 ,%ad$ portion repres5ts type metal fill+ ap]ture 9 ! mold4 ,! molt5 type metal fl[s ?r\gh ! op5+ at ,a1 d[n to ! side ,b1 :]e ! matrix 7n %[n 9 ?is diagram7 molds ! face ( ! type4 ,! tag ( metal1 call$ ! jet1 m>k$ ,c1 is cut (f aft] ca/+4 ,d is a n>r[ flange on ! mold :i* =ms ! nick on ! "u surface ( ! type body4 ,! mold 9 :i* type is ca/ consi/s ( two ess5tial p>ts--! /eel box 9 :i* ! body is =m$1 & ! matrix :i* conta9s a sunk5 image ( ! "*4 ,! matrix cov]s ! op5+ at "o end ( ! mold1 & on ! opposite end 7:i* is ! foot ( ! type7 is an op5+ ?r\gh :i* ! melt$ metal is inject$4 ,a mold is made = a s+le body-size ( type b x is adju/able sideways to correspond to ! v>i\s wid?s ( ! lett]s 9 an alphabet4 ,"o mold may be us$ to ca/1 9 succession1 all ! lett]s ( a font ( type1 or x may be us$ to ca/ any numb] ( fonts ( diff]5t faces t may be made on ! same body1 by m]ely *ang+ ! matrices t =m ! face4 ,! mold is made 9 two sections1 :i* are fitt$ toge!r s z to close up to ! requir$ wid? ( ! lett]1 &1 aft] ! ca/ is made1 to op5 slightly 9 ord] to release ! type4 ,illu/ration3 ,matrix ,! ,matrix4 ,!re are ?ree diff]5t me?ods ( mak+ type matrices4 ,by ! olde/ me?od ! fir/ /ep is to cut ! "* on ! end ( a small b> ( s(t /eel1 call$ a pun*2 :5 ?is is done1 ! /eel is h>d5$ & x is us$ to /amp an impression 9 a b> ( copp]4 ,?is copp] b> is a matrix 9 ! r\gh1 & its sides are next trimm$ & squ>$ s t x w fit ! mold4 ,illu/ration3 ,type-mold complete1 9 two p>ts1 b )\t ! matrix 7:i* is %[n sep>ately above74 ,position ( ! matrix :5 ca/ is made is indicat$ by ! lett] ,h on ! end ( ! type )9 ! mold4 ,! upp] & l[] halves ( ! mold slide horizontally1 to make ! int]ior ca/+-box wide or n>r[ to con=m to ! requir$ wid?s ( v>i\s lett]s4 ,! second me?od ( mak+ a matrix is by electrotype process4 ,! orig9al patt]n ( ! lett] may be engrav$ by h& or by o!r op]ation1 or x may be a p]fect type-face ( a previ\s ca/+4 ,?is is fitt$ into a small frame ( brass & !n held 9 ! vat ( an electro-galvanic batt]y1 :i* deposits a ?ick film ( copp] ar\nd ! patt]n & fills ! op5+ 9 ! brass frame4 ,:5 ?is electro-plat+ process is complet$1 ! patt]n lett] is extract$ & ! brass frame1 ) its copp] impression ( ! lett]1 becomes ! ess5tial feature ( ! matrix4 ,x is !n re9=c$ by rivet+ ano!r plate on ! back1 & is trimm$ & fitt$ to place on ! mold4 ,a ?ird process ( mak+ matrices is ) an automatic matrix-cutt+ ma*9e1 9 :i* ! %ape ( ! desir$ lett] is cut 9 ! face ( a plate ( composition metal by a small rapidly-revolv+ cutt+ po9t4 ,a l>ge patt]n ( ! lett] is plac$ 9 "o "p ( ! ma*9e1 & :ile ! op]ator traces ! outl9e ) ! po9t ( a lev] all ! motions are duplicat$ 9 m9iature by ! cutt+ tool on ! b> ( metal1 :i* becomes1 :5 complet$1 a matrix4 ,ca/+ ! ,type4 ,! old-"t me?od ( ca/+ type 0 ) h& molds1 ! melt$ metal be+ p\r$ 9 at ! foot ( ! mold ) a small ladle :ile ! mold 0 held 9 ! h&4 ,9 ! mod]n ca/+ ma*9e1 ! mold ) its matrix1 is assembl$ by ! side ( ! metal pot1 9 :i* ! metal is kept at a uni=m temp]ature by means ( a gas furnace4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ?is metal pot is a rod ) a spr+ atta*m5t :i*1 at ea* op]ation ( ! ma*9e1 acts z a plung] to =ce a small /ream ( hot metal ?r\gh a side ap]ture into ! jet-hole ( ! mold4 ,aft] ! ca/+1 ! two p>ts ( ! mold sep>ate slightly1 ! matrix is drawn away f ! face ( ! type1 & ! ca/ is mov$ out2 !n ! mold & matrix close toge!r aga9 & ! op]ation is repeat$4 ,cold wat] or air is circulat$ ne> ! mold to keep an ev5 temp]ature4 ,! matrix = "o "* only is plac$ 9 ! ma*9e & :5 en\gh types h be5 ca/1 x is tak5 out & replac$ by ano!r1 ! *ange usually requir+ b a few mom5ts4 ,!re are sev]al k9ds ( type-ca/+ ma*9es 9 use1 su* z h& ca/]s1 /eam ca/]s1 & automatic ca/]s4 ,! old] /yle is ! h& ca/]1 :i* is op]at$ by a small :eel ) a h&le atta*$4 ,/eam ca/]s are op]at$ by me*anical p[] 7orig9ally /eam p[]74 ,:5 type is ca/ by a h& ma*9e x is unf9i%$1 z a piece ( metal call$ ! jet /ill adh]es to ! bottom ( ea* type4 ,?is jet is brok5 (f1 & ! types are set 9 long l9es & fa/5$ 9 a n>r[ *annel1 face d[n4 ,a small plane smoo?s away ! r\gh surface caus$ by break+ (f ! jet4 ,?is leaves a %all[ groove on ! bottom ( ea* type & all[s x to /& squ>ely on its feet4 ,! types also h slight burs & %>p edges ( metal :i* mu/ be rubb$ (f be=e !y are ready = inspection & = ! font-room4 ,type ca/ on ! old] /eam ma*9es require ! jet to be brok5 (f aft] ! ca/+1 & ! f9al f9i%+ ( ! type is done aft]w>d by o!r op]ations4 ,^! f9i%+ t\*es are done mo/ly by h&1 ) ! aid ( a poli%+ /one or a small dress+ :eel4 ,on ! automatic ma*9e1 :i* is ! mod]n me?od ( ca/+ type1 break+ (f ! jet1 rubb+1 dress+1 etc41 are all accompli%$ automatically on ! ma*9e1 ! types com+ out 9 a cont9u\s l9e practically ready = ! compositor's case4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! =ego+ describes 9 a g5]al way ! me?ods ( mak+ type by ! regul> f\nd]s4 ,!re is n[ a great deal ( type made by automatic compos+ & ca/+ ma*9es in/all$ directly 9 _m compos+ rooms4 ,two di/9ctive /yles ( ^! ma*9es are n[ ext5sively us$--! ,l9otype & ! ,monotype4 ,bo? ( ^! h rea*$ a high degree ( effici5cy because ( _! nice me*anisms1 bas$ on ! pr9ciple ( automatically op]at$ molds1 matrices1 & deliv]y devices4 ,9 ! ,l9otype ! matrices = a desir$ l9e ( words are assembl$ side by side & ! l9e is ca/ 9 "o piece4 ,9 ! ,monotype ! me*anism automatically & rapidly adju/s ! matrix ( ! desir$ lett]s "o at a "t ov] ! mold1 & ea* type is ca/ & mov$ along into l9es & !n into a column on a galley4 ,! ,l9otype ,! ,l9otype 7l9e-o'-type7 consi/s ( a me*anism = assembl+ brass dies or matrices 9 l9es1 pres5t+ !m 9 front ( a mold 9 :i* a type-high metal b>1 or slug1 is ca/1 & return+ ! matrices to _! respective *annels = use aga94 ,! brass matrices h ! *>act]s ( ! alphabet1 figures1 po9ts1 etc41 sunk into _! edges2 ^! are held 9 a magaz9e1 :i* is an arrangem5t ( *annels 9 an incl9$ position above a keybo>d4 ,by ! press+ ( a key ! requir$ matrix is releas$1 :i* drops & is c>ri$ into place by a small belt4 ,w$ge-%ap$ space-b&s are also controll$ by a key1 & :5 suffici5t matrices & space-b&s are assembl$ to make ! l9e a bell r+s4 ,by op]at+ a lev] ! l9e ( matrices !n moves 9 front ( ! mold ins]t$ 9 ! side ( a :eel & beh9d :i* is a pot ( melt$ metal4 ,illu/ration3 ,f\r-,magaz9e ,l9otype ,ma*9e ,by ! next op]ation ! space-b&s are pu%$ betwe5 ! words1 ?us spread+ !m to ! measure4 ,! l9e ju/ifi$1 a plung] 9 ! metal-pot =ces a quantity ( metal into ! mold & aga9/ ! l9e ( matrices1 =m+ a metal /rip or slug ) ! lett]s 9 relief on "o edge4 ,aft] ! ca/ is made1 a turn ( ! mold-:eel & o!r me*anism %aves (f ! surplus metal on ! foot ( ! slug & pu%es x betwe5 knife-edges1 :]e x is trimm$ on ! sides1 & is !n pu%$ on to a galley4 ,! melt+ ( ! metal is done by a small gas furnace "u ! metal-pot4 ,aft] ! matrices h be5 us$ = ! l9e !y are lift$ by an arm to ! top ( ! ma*9e & di/ribut$ aga91 ea* "* 9 its p>ticul> *annel 9 ! magaz9e4 ,! matrices = ea* "* h a set ( not*es or tee? diff]5t f e o!r "*2 & z !y are mov$ along ! di/ribut+ app>atus by horizontal screws ea* matrix rea*es a po9t :]e its not*es are mat*$ & x drops into ! top ( its *annel4 ,!re are a numb] ( matrices ( ea* "*1 & ! arrangem5t ( ! ma*9e is su* t ?ree l9es ( matrices may be kept 9 op]ation at once--"o be+ assembl$1 "o at ! ca/+ mold1 & ! ?ird be+ di/ribut$4 ,! "w ( ! op]ator is to manipulate ! keybo>d &1 at ! end ( ea* l9e1 move a lev] :i* engages ! me*anism t c>ries ! assembl$ l9e to ! mold4 ,all o!r op]ations are p]=m$ by me*anical p[]4 ,! ,monotype ,illu/ration3 ,monotype ,keybo>d ,! ,lan/on ,monotype is a type-ca/+ ma*9e :i* produces sep>ate types set 9 l9es ( any l5g?1 up to sixty ems pica1 spac$ & ju/ifi$4 ,x is 9 two p>ts--a keybo>d & a ca/+ ma*9e4 ,! function ( ! keybo>d section is to pun* a s]ies ( holes 9 a mov+ /rip ( pap]1 :i* unw9ds f "o spool to ano!r1 pass+ "u a s]ies ( pun*es 9 its j\rney4 ,! pun*es are op]at$ by press+ ! keys on ! keybo>d1 ! result ( ?is op]ation be+ a roll ( p]=at$ pap] ribbon4 ,?is ribbon is !n tak5 to ! ca/+ ma*9e1 :i* conta9s a pot = melt$ metal1 a /ation>y mold = ! size ( type to be ca/1 & a matrix-plate4 ,! matrix-plate is ab\t five in*es squ>e1 & has on its face depress$ images or matrices ( ea* lett] & "* ( ! font4 ,! p]=at$ /rip ( pap]1 :5 f$ to its place1 controls ! movem5t ( ! matrix-plate1 s t ! requir$ lett] is adju/$ exactly 9 place ov] ! mold1 :ile ! melt$ metal is squirt$ 9 to =m ! type4 ,! type !n moves away & takes its prop] place 9 ! l9e1 until ! l9e is complet$1 :5 x is automatically mov$ out on to a galley4 ,! ,monotype keybo>d1 be+ an entirely sep>ate ma*9e1 may be & usually is op]at$ 9 any place away f ! ca/+ app>atus & "w may be execut$ on x anytime be=e ca/+4 ,! p]=at$ roll may be f$ ?r\gh any numb] ( times to produce duplicate ca/+s ( ! matt]1 & a matrix-plate = a diff]5t face may be us$ if desir$4 ,9 ! ca/+ ( ! l9e ! prop] spaces are ca/ ) x1 ! spac+ ne$$ to ju/ify ea* l9e be+ indicat$ on ! p]=at$ record dur+ composition on ! keybo>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,monotype ,ca/+ ,ma*9e ,a peculi>ity ( ,monotype composition is t1 :ile ! keybo>d produces ! p]=at$ roll 9 ! usual sequ5ce f beg9n+ to end ( ! /ory1 ! ca/+ ma*9e rev]ses ! process by />t+ at ! end ( ! composition & f9i%+ up ) ! beg9n+4 ,+r$i5ts ( ,type ,metal ,! metal us$ = ca/+ type is a mixture ( lead 7five p>ts71 antimony 7two p>ts71 t9 7"o "p71 & sometimes a small addition ( copp]4 ,lead =ms ! *ief "p ( all type metal1 z x melts easily & fuses readily ) o!r metals2 b lead alone is too s(t = ! s]vice requir$ ( type4 ,antimony is brittle & gives h>dness1 & t9 is add$ to imp>t t\ghness4 ,lead & antimony 9 approximately ^! proportions make an alloy :i* has ! unusual quality ( exp&+ slightly1 in/ead ( %r9k+1 :5 cool+1 ?us p]mitt+ a full1 %>p ca/ 9 all p>ts ( ! mold4 ,t9 fl[s readily :5 melt$ & increases ! smoo?ness ( ! ca/ on ! surface ( ! mold4 ,a small quantity ( copp] may sometimes be add$ to give /ill great] t\ghness4 ,! metal us$ = small sizes ( type is commonly h>d] ?an t us$ = ! l>ge sizes1 ! s(tness ( ! metal gradually increas+ ) ! size ( type made4 ,script types & faces ) delicate l9es are usually ca/ ) metal a little h>d] ?an t us$ = ! normal & bold] faces4 ,! =ego+ ref]s m p>ticul>ly to type ca/ by ! regul> f\ndries4 ,! metal us$ 9 automatic ca/+ ma*9es1 l ! ,monotype1 conta9s a l>g] proportion ( lead & less antimony2 :ile ! metal us$ = ca/+ l9e-slugs 9 ! ,l9otype ma*9e is compos$ ( /ill l>g] proportion ( lead & v little ( ! o!r two metals4 ,/]eotype metal & metals us$ = leads1 slugs1 furniture1 etc41 are l>gely lead4 ,wood ,type ,l>ge types1 su* z are us$ = po/]s & l>ge bills1 are made ( wood4 ,! smalle/ size = practical use is #dh-po9t1 or #d-l9e pica4 ,sizes ( wood type are multiples ( ! pica1 & are s nam$1 z #h-l9e1 #aj-l9e1 etc4 ,!y are mu* *eap] ?an metal types1 ?\gh n z durable or satisfactory = pr9t+4 ,! wood commonly us$ is maple1 & ! lett] is made on ! end ( ! gra94 ,x mu/ be well season$ & poli%$4 ,p9e & o!r s(t woods are us$ = v l>ge sizes ( wood type & po/] engrav+s4 ,! mann] ( cutt+ ! lett] is by r\t+ away ! blank p>ts ) a small rapidly-revolv+ cutt]4 ,! /rip ( wood1 l>ge en\gh to make sev]al lett]s1 & plan$ type-high1 is plac$ 9 a ma*9e equipp$ ) a pantagraph app>atus4 ,a patt]n lett] is put 9 place1 & ov] ?is a guide-po9t is mov$4 ,on ano!r "p ( ! ma*9e is ! revolv+ cutt+ tool4 ,z ! guide-po9t is mov$ ov] ! patt]n its motions are duplicat$ on ! block "u ! cutt+ tool1 :i* cuts away ! wood4 ,:5 ! lett]s on a block are ?us r\t$ out1 !y are saw$ ap>t1 ! f9i%+ t\*es giv51 & ! lett]s oil$4 ,,supplem5t>y ,,read+ ,! ,inv5tion ( ,pr9t+4 ,by ,!odore ,l4 ,de ,v9ne4 ,oswald ,publi%+ ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,clo?1 #eeg pp4 #f4 ,pla9 ,pr9t+ ,types4 ,by ,!odore ,l4 ,de ,v9ne4 ,oswald ,publi%+ ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,clo?1 #dgf pp4 #b4 ,! ,monotype ,sy/em4 ,publi%$ by ! ,lan/on ,monotype ,ma*9e ,co41 ,philadelphia4 #bid pp4 & diagrams4 ,! ,me*anism ( ! ,l9otype4 ,by ,john ,s4 ,?ompson4 ,! ,inl& ,pr9t] ,co41 ,*icago4 #baf pp4 #b4 ,hi/ory ( ,compos+ ,ma*9es4 ,by ,john ,s4 ,?ompson4 ,! ,inl& ,pr9t] ,co41 ,*icago4 ,clo?1 #eeg pp4 #b4 ,specim5 ,books ( ,am]ican ,type ,f\nd]s ,co42 ,h4 ,c4 ,hans51 ,bo/on2 ,b>nh>t ,bro!rs ,sp9dl]1 ,*icago2 ,key/one ,type ,f\ndry1 ,philadelphia4 ,,review ,,que/ions ,,sugge/ions ,,to ,,/ud5ts ,,& ,,in/ructors ,! foll[+ que/ions1 bas$ on ! cont5ts ( ?is pamphlet1 are int5d$ to s]ve 7#a7 z a guide to ! /udy ( ! text1 7#b7 z an aid to ! /ud5t 9 putt+ ! in=mation conta9$ into def9ite /atem5ts )\t actually memoriz+ ! text1 7#c7 z a means ( secur+ f ! /ud5t a reproduction ( ! in=mation 9 8 own words4 ,a c>eful foll[+ ( ! que/ions by ! read] w insure full acqua9tance ) e "p ( ! text1 avoid+ ! accid5tal omission ( :at might be ( value4 ,^! prim]s are s cond5s$ t no?+ %\ld be omitt$4 ,9 tea*+ f ^! books x is v important t ^! que/ions & su* o!rs z may occur to ! tea*]1 %\ld be made ! basis ( frequ5t writt5 "w1 & ( f9al exam9ations4 ,! importance ( writt5 "w _c be ov]/at$4 ,x n only assures k ( mat]ial b ! p[] to express t k correctly & 9 good =m4 ,if ?is writt5 "w c be submitt$ to ! tea*] 9 pr9t$ =m x w be d\bly useful4 ,,que/ions #a4 ,:at 0 ! s-call$ inv5tion ( pr9t+8 #b4 ,:at 0 ,gut5b]g's contribution to pr9t+8 #c4 ,describe a type4 #d4 ,^u :at does ! utility ( type dep5d8 ,:y8 #e4 ,h[ _m diff]5t *>act]s are requir$ 9 ord9>y book pr9t+8 #f4 ,into :at classes are !y divid$8 #g4 ,h[ mu* ( ! surface ( a type is cov]$ by ! lett]8 #h4 ,h[ is ! type body relat$ 9 size to ! lett] face8 ,:y8 #i4 ,:at are ! blank p>ts ar\nd ! face ( ! lett] call$8 #aj4 ,describe ea* "p4 #aa4 ,:at is ! nick & :at is its use8 #ab4 ,:at is a font ( type8 #ac4 ,9 :at is x kept = ! compositor's use8 #ad4 ,:at *>act]s are includ$ 9 an ord9>y font ( roman type = book "w8 #ae4 ,:at c y say ab\t small capitals8 #af4 ,:at c y say ab\t o!r extra *>act]s8 #ag4 ,:at *>act]s d fonts ( adv]tis+ & jobb+ type include8 #ah4 ,"n "s o!r *>act]s suppli$ by ! f\ndries8 #ai4 ,:at det]m9es ! numb] ( *>act]s ( ! v>i\s sorts 9 a font ( type8 #bj4 ,is !re any rule fitt+ all k9ds ( composition8 #ba4 ,m5tion "s special k9ds ( composition & tell :at extra sorts ea* dem&s4 #bb4 ,h[ are ord9>y faces measur$ :5 us$ 9 l>ge quantities8 #bc4 ,h[ are job fonts designat$8 #bd4 ,to :at k9d ( type d ^! s*emes apply8 #be4 ,:at are ! ?ree measurem5ts = type8 #bf4 ,:at is ! size ( a type8 #bg4 ,:at is ! set ( a type8 #bh4 ,describe ! po9t sy/em4 #bi4 ,:at are ! usual sizes ( type8 #cj4 ,:at o!r sizes are made & = :at are !y us$8 #ca4 ,:at det]m9es ! *oice ( sizes = any p>ticul> face8 #cb4 ,:at are ba/>d types8 #cc4 ,c y always tell ! size ( type us$ by exam9+ a pr9t$ page8 ,:y8 #cd4 ,:at is meant by height-to-pap]8 #ce4 ,h[ 7 types describ$ be=e ! adoption ( ! po9t sy/em8 #cf4 ,give ! old names 9 common use & ! approximate equival5ts 9 po9ts4 #cg4 ,:at c y say ( #af1 #bj1 #bb1 #bh1 & #dj-po9t sizes8 #ch4 ,:at are ! advantages ( ! application ( ! po9t sy/em to ! wid? ( type8 #ci4 ,:at is meant by l9+ type faces8 #dj4 ,:at is ! *ief advantage ( ! l9+ sy/em8 #da4 ,:at is ne$$ :5 a ^w ( small type is plac$ beside a ^w ( l>ge type8 ,:y8 #db4 ,h[ is ! l9e ju/ifi$8 #dc4 ,into :at gr\ps are type faces divid$ = align+ purposes8 #dd4 ,:at are comb9ation s]ies ( l9+ types8 #de4 ,:at are k]n$ types8 #df4 ,h[ is k]n+ avoid$8 #dg4 ,:at are ! advantages & disadvantages ( ^! exp$i5ts8 #dh4 ,:at is an em quad8 #di4 ,describe ! spaces us$ 9 type composition4 #ej4 ,describe ! mold us$ 9 type ca/+4 #ea4 ,describe ! ?ree me?ods ( mak+ ! matrix4 #eb4 ,:at 0 ! old me?od ( ca/+ type8 #ec4 ,:at is ! mod]n me?od8 #ed4 ,describe ! diff]5t k9ds ( type-ca/+ ma*9es4 #ee4 ,describe ! f9i%+ ( type aft] ca/+4 #ef4 ,h[ is type made outside ! type f\ndries8 #eg4 ,:at is a ,l9otype8 #eh4 ,:at does a ,l9otype produce8 #ei4 ,describe briefly ! op]ation ( a ,l9otype4 #fj4 ,h[ are ,l9otype matrices di/ribut$8 #fa4 ,:at does ! op]ator h to d8 #fb4 ,:at is a ,monotype8 #fc4 ,:at does a ,monotype d8 #fd4 ,:at are ! ess5tial diff]5ces betwe5 a ,monotype & a ,l9otype8 #fe4 ,describe ! op]ation ( ! ,monotype keybo>d4 #ff4 ,describe ! op]ation ( ! ca/+ ma*9e4 #fg4 ,:at peculi>ity has ! ,monotype8 #fh4 ,:at is type made (8 #fi4 ,:at are ! qualities ( ! sev]al +r$i5ts8 #gj4 ,:at c y say ( ! uses ( diff]5t metals 9 ! type f\ndries8 #ga4 ,:at sort ( type metal is us$ 9 compos+ ma*9es8 #gb4 ,:at o!r mat]ial is us$ = type8 #gc4 ,= :at purpose is x us$8 #gd4 ,h[ is ?is k9d ( type made8 ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,t]ms ,,relat+ ,,to ,,type ,! numb]s 9 p>5!ses ref] to prec$+ pages 9 ! text1 :]e fur!r in=mation ab\t ! diff]5t subjects may be f\nd4 ,,agate--,a small size ( type1 ab\t #e-a_/b-po9t4 7#ad7 ,,asc5d+ ,,lett]s--,! tall lett]s ( ! l[]-case alphabet4 7#g7 ,,antimony--,"o ( ! +r$i5ts ( type-metal2 a silv]-:ite1 h>d cry/all9e metallic sub/ance1 us$ 9 *emi/ry & m$ic9e1 z well z 9 indu/rial arts4 7#bf7 ,,ba/>d ,,types--,^? ) faces l>g] or small] ?an is commonly made on a type-body4 7#ae7 ,,be>d--,! bevel$ space bel[ ! face ( a type4 7#ae7 ,,body--,! piece ( metal ^u :i* ! face is ca/4 7#g1 #h1 #ac7 ,,body ,,size--,! size ( a type consid]$ f top to bottom ( ! lett]4 7#ac7 ,,body ,,type--,! k9ds ( type1 mo/ly roman faces1 us$ = pla9 composition 9 p>agraphs or pages ( "o face2 text lett]4 ,,bord]s--,*>act]s ca/ 9 type1 :i* may be adju/able 9 _m ways1 z = m>g9al l9es1 panels1 & o!r decorative uses4 7#ae7 ,,b\rgeois--,an old size ( type1 ab\t #i-po9t4 ,,brass ,,type--,= /amp+ book cov]s1 etc4 ,ord9>y type-metal _c endure ! heat :i* mu/ be appli$ = /amp+ gold leaf1 or pr9t+ on h>d1 r\gh surfaces4 ,brass types are m exp5sive z well z m durable4 ,,brevi]--,an old size ( type ne>ly equal to #h-po9t4 7#ae7 ,,canon--,an old size ( type approximately #dh-po9t4 7#ae7 ,,cap4--,abbreviation = capital lett]2 s4c4 or sm4cap41 small capital4 ,,copp]-,,fac$ ,,type--,new type coat$ by electric action1 deposit+ a ?9 film ( copp]1 to make x m durable4 ,,copp] ,,?9 ,,spaces--,extra ?9 spaces = ju/ify+ l9es4 7#ai7 ,,corn] ,,quads--,blanks ca/ 9 ?is %ape ,symbol3 ?ick "r angle mat*+ #f-po9t & #ab-po9t quads2 plac$ outside ! corn]s ( pages ) mit]$ brass rules to keep ! jo9ts 9 place4 ,,c\nt]--,! blank space )9 ! l9es ( a lett] or o!r "*4 7#h7 ,,desc5d+ ,,lett]s--,^? :i* h "p ( ! face bel[ ! regul> alignm5t1 g1 p1 y4 7#h7 ,,diamond--,a small size ( type1 equal to ab\t #d-a_/b-po9t4 7#ae7 ,,display ,,type--,a g5]al t]m mean+ ! k9ds ( type made = adv]tis+1 title pages1 & o!r composition 9 :i* diff]5t sizes & faces are us$2 9 di/9ction f body type4 ,,em--,! squ>e ( a type body4 ,en1 half ! wid? ( ! squ>e4 7#ai7 ,,ext5d$1 ,,exp&$--,an extra wide face ( type4 ,,face--,t "p ( a type or pr9t+ surface :i* leaves its impression ^u ! %eet4 7#h7 ,,feet--,! bottom ( ! type body4 7#h7 ,,font--,a complete assortm5t ( type ( "o size & face4 7#i7 ,,furniture--,a g5]al t]m appli$ to pieces ( s(t metal1 /eel1 or wood1 us$ to fill ! l>ge blank spaces 9 a pr9t+ =m2 made 9 diff]5t sizes bas$ ^u a #ab-po9t 7pica7 unit4 ,,great ,,prim]--,an old size ( type ne>ly equal to #ah-po9t4 7#ae7 ,,hair ,,spaces--,v ?9 spaces4 7#ai7 ,,height-,,to-,,pap]--,! l5g? ( a type f top to bottom1 includ+ feet & face4 ,?is is n measur$ by po9ts1 b by ?\s&?s ( an in*4 ,see ,type-high4 7#g1 #ac7 ,,high ,,spaces ,,& ,,quads--,us$ 9 type composition :5 ! page is to be mold$ = electrotyp+4 7#bj7 ,,high-,,to-,,l9e--,:5 ! face ( a type is above ! regul> alignm5t ( ! o!r lett]s 9 ! l9e2 :5 bel[ ! alignm5t x is l[-to-l9e4 7#ag7 ,,holl[ ,,quads--,l>ge blanks are sometimes ca/ ) holl[ p>ts to make !m light] & to economize metal4 ,see ,quotations4 ,,italic--,! /yle ( lett]s t slope =w>d1 9 di/9ction f upright1 or roman1 lett]s4 7#aj7 ,,jet--,! wa/e metal at ! bottom ( a type :5 x is fir/ ca/1 be+ ! metal :i* cools 9 ! ap]ture ( ! mold4 7#bb7 ,,job ,,font--,a small assortm5t ( type4 7#aa7 ,,job ,,type--,! k9ds us$ = miscellane\s "w1 usually 9 small fonts1 9 di/9ction f book type1 body lett]1 etc4 ,,k]n$ ,,types--,^? :i* h a small "p ( ! face project+ ov] ! body4 7#ah7 ,,lay+ ,,type--,putt+ a font ( type into cases4 ,,lead]s--,dots or %ort da%es plac$ at int]vals 9 op5 l9es to guide ! eye1 z 9 indexes1 price-li/s1 etc4 ,!y are ca/ l quads = sizes ( type mo/ us$4 ,lead]s are also made ( brass4 ,,lett]--,sometimes ?is ^w is us$ to mean type4 ,lett]-press pr9t+1 t done ) type4 ,lett] f\ndry1 a type f\ndry4 ,,l9+ ,,type--,! exact alignm5t at top or bottom ( ! face on a type-body4 7#af-ah7 ,,l9otype--,a ma*9e = ca/+ type 9 solid l9es4 7#bc7 ,,long ,,prim]--,an old size ( type ne>ly equal to #aj-po9t4 7#ae7 ,,l[-,,to-,,pap]--,said ( a type :5 x does n come up to ! height ( its mates2 opposite ( high-to-pap]4 7#g7 ,,l[ ,,spaces ,,& ,,quads--,^? us$ = ord9>y composition1 ab\t sev5-eigh?s ( ! l5g? ( ! type4 7#bj7 ,,l[]-,,case--,! small lett]s ( ! alphabet4 7#i7 ,,matrix--,! %all[ mold 9 :i* ! face ( a type is ca/4 7#ba7 ,,m9ion--,an old size ( type1 ab\t #g-po9t4 7#ae7 ,,monotype--,a ma*9e = ca/+ & compos+ type4 7#be7 ,,mortis$ ,,type--,:5 "s "p ( ! body is cut away1 ei!r 9 ! int]ior or on ! sides1 to all[ ! ins]tion ( ano!r lett]1 or to fit clos] to an adjo9+ type4 7#ah7 ,,music ,,type--,an assortm5t ( *>act]s ca/ 9 type = pr9t+ music scores4 ,,nick--,! not* on ! side ( a type4 7#h7 ,9 fonts made = use on ! ,unitype compos+ ma*9e ea* "* has nicks 9 diff]5t position & comb9ation f e o!r "*1 to fit its special *annel1 9 ord] to control ! v>i\s *>act]s 9 ! op]ation ( ! ma*9e4 ,?us ! nicks 9 a l9e ( ,unitype matt] %[ great irregul>ity4 ,,nonp>eil--,old "n = size ( type equal to #f-po9t2 half pica 7#ae7 ,,(f ,,its ,,feet--,type mu/ /& squ>ely upright 9 ord] to give a good impression2 :5 x leans "o way or ! o!r x is (f its feet4 ,,p>agon--,an old size ( type1 ab\t #bj-po9t 7#ae7 ,,pat5t ,,space--,a type space ?ick] ?an ?ree-to-em & less ?an ! en-quad4 7#ai7 ,,pe>l--,an old size ( type1 ab\t #e-po9t4 7#ae7 ,,pi--,types ( diff]5t k9ds mix$ up 9 confusion4 ,,pica--,old "n1 b /ill commonly us$1 = a size ( type equal to #ab-po9t4 7#ae7 ,a common unit ( measurem5t 9 typography4 ,,piece ,,fractions--,fractions made up ( two or m types2 ! num]ator & d5om9ator ca/ sep>ately1 usually on bodies half ! size ( ! :ole numb]s or ! type ) :i* !y are us$4 ,sometimes call$ split fractions4 ,,p9-,,m>k--,! little m>k sometimes se5 on ! side ( f\ndry-made type4 7#h7 ,,po9t ,,sy/em--,! /&>d sy/em ( type bodies1 bas$ on ! po9t z a unit2 9 ,am]ica ! po9t is 4#jach ( an in*4 ,calculations are simplifi$ ord9>ily by assum+ ! po9t z #a_/gb ( an in*4 7#ac7 ,,po/] ,,type--,l>ge sizes = billbo>d pr9t+1 mo/ly made ( wood4 7#bg7 ,,pun*--,9 typef\nd+1 an orig9al die ( a lett] or "* cut on ! end ( a /eel b>1 us$ to make a matrix4 7#ba7 ,,quads--,metal blanks us$ = l>ge spaces 9 compos+ type4 7#ai7 ,,quotations--,l>ge holl[ quads2 simil> to metal furniture4 ,,rubb] ,,type--,ca/ ) a vulcaniz$-rubb] face m\nt$ on %ort metal bodies2 n us$ 9 ord9>y typographic pr9t+1 b class$ ) rubb] h& /amps4 ,,script--,a g5]al "n = t class ( type design$ to imitate h&writ+4 7#ah7 ,,sectional ,,type--,a /yle ( type n[ 9 disuse1 9 :i* ea* lett] 0 made 9 two p>ts1 ! upp] half be+ sep>ate f ! l[]4 ,any lett] or "* ca/ 9 two or m p>ts4 ,,s]if--,! %ort cross-l9e or tick at ! end ( ! ma9 /rokes 9 roman lett]s4 7#h7 ,,set--,! wid? ( a type4 7#ac7 ,,%\ld]--,! blank space on ! top ( a type n cov]$ by ! lett]2 specifically1 ! space above & bel[ ! lett]1 ! space on ! side be+ designat$ by typef\nd]s z side-be>+s4 7#h7 ,,small ,,caps--,a second>y set ( capitals made = fonts int5d$ = book "w4 ,!y are slightly l>g] ?an ! small 7l[]-case7 lett]s1 b small] ?an ! regul> capitals4 ,see ! side-head+s 9 ?is gloss>y4 7#i1 #aj1 #ab7 ,,small ,,pica--,an old size ( type ne>ly equal to #aa-po9t4 7#ae7 ,,spaces--,?9 metal blanks us$ to sep>ate words 9 a l9e4 7#ai7 ,,sort--,any p>ticul> lett] or "* ( a font1 9 di/9ction f ! complete assortm5t4 ,out ( sorts1 :5 "s ne$$ lett]s ( a font are miss+4 ,,sort ,,ord]--,a reque/ = "s p>ticul> "* ( a font4 ,,two-,,l9e ,,lett]--,a l>ge lett] cov]+ two l9es ( ! adjo9+ text1 us$ = initials at ! beg9n+ ( p>agraphs4 ,two-l9e figures1 us$ = display+ price-figures 9 adv]tisem5ts1 etc4 ,,type-,,high--,( ! /&>d height ( type2 said ( an electrotype or engrav+ t is ! "r height to accompany type4 7#g7 ,,type ,,metal--,a composition ( lead1 t91 & antimony4 7#bf7 ,,typography--,! process ( pr9t+ ) =ms compos$ ( movable types & small relief blocks4 ,,weight ,,font--,a complete assortm5t ( type measur$ by its weight in/ead ( by ! numb] ( ea* lett]4 7#ab7 ,,weight ,,( ,,type--,f\r squ>e in*es ( type1 compos$ solid1 weigh approximately "o p\nd4 ,?us1 to f9d ! weight ( any giv5 am\nt ( type composition1 f9d ! numb] ( squ>e in*es & divide by f\r4 ,"o p\nd ( type 7ab\t #d squ>e in*es7 conta9s ! foll[+ numb] ( ems 7solid7 ( ! diff]5t sizes3 #ah-po9t #fd ems #ab-po9t #add ems #aa-po9t #agj ems #aj-po9t #bjg ems #i-po9t #bef ems #h-po9t #cbd ems #g-po9t #dbc ems #f-po9t #egf ems ,,typographic ,,te*nical ,,s]ies ,,= ,,appr5tices ,! foll[+ li/ ( publications1 compris+ ! ,,typographic ,,te*nical ,,s]ies ,,= ,,appr5tices1 has be5 prep>$ "u ! sup]vision ( ! ,committee on ,education ( ! ,unit$ ,typo!tae ( ,am]ica = use 9 trade classes1 9 c\rse ( pr9t+ in/ruction1 & by individuals4 ,ea* publication has be5 compil$ by a compet5t au?or or gr\p ( au?ors1 & c>efully edit$1 ! purpose be+ to provide ! pr9t]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates--employ]s1 j\rneym51 & appr5tices--) a compreh5sive s]ies ( h&y & inexp5sive comp5diums ( reliable1 up-to-date in=mation ^u ! v>i\s bran*es & specialties ( ! pr9t+ craft1 all arrang$ 9 ord]ly fa%ion = progressive /udy4 ,! publications ( ! s]ies are ( uni=m size1 #e x #h in*es4 ,_! g5]al make-up1 9 typography1 illu/rations1 etc41 has be51 z f> z practicable1 kept 9 h>mony ?r\gh\t4 ,a brief synopsis ( ! p>ticul> cont5ts & o!r *ief features ( ea* volume w be f\nd "u ea* title 9 ! foll[+ li/4 ,ea* topic is treat$ 9 a concise mann]1 ! aim be+ to embody 9 ea* publication z completely z possible all ! rudim5t>y in=mation & ess5tial facts necess>y to an und]/&+ ( ! subject4 ,c>e has be5 tak5 to make all /atem5ts accurate & cle>1 ) ! purpose ( br++ ess5tial in=mation )9 ! und]/&+ ( beg9n]s 9 ! diff]5t fields ( /udy4 ,:]ev] practicable1 simple & well-def9$ draw+s & illu/rations h be5 us$ to assi/ 9 giv+ additional cle>ness to ! text4 ,9 ord] t ! pamphlets may be ( ! greate/ possible help = use 9 trade-s*ool classes & = self-in/ruction1 ea* title is accompani$ by a li/ ( ,review ,que/ions cov]+ ess5tial items ( ! subject matt]4 ,a %ort ,gloss>y ( te*nical t]ms belong+ to ! subject or dep>tm5t treat$ is also add$ to _m ( ! books4 ,^! are ! ,(ficial ,text-books ( ! ,unit$ ,typo!tae ( ,am]ica4 ,address all ord]s & inquiries to ,,committee ,,on ,,education1 ,,unit$ ,,typo!tae ,,( ,,am]ica1 ,,*icago1 ,,ill9ois1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,"p ,i--,types1 ,tools1 ,ma*9es1 & ,mat]ials #a4 ,type3 a ,prim] ( ,in=mation ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,/ew>t ,relat+ to ! me*anical features ( pr9t+ types2 _! sizes1 font s*emes1 etc41 ) a brief description ( _! manufacture4 #dd pp42 illu/rat$2 #gd review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #b4 ,compositors' ,tools & ,mat]ials ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,/ew>t ,a prim] ( in=mation ab\t compos+ /icks1 galleys1 leads1 brass rules1 cutt+ & mit]+ ma*9es1 etc4 #dg pp42 illu/rat$2 #ej review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #c4 ,type ,cases1 ,compos+ ,room ,furniture ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,/ew>t ,a prim] ( in=mation ab\t type cases1 "w /&s1 cab9ets1 case racks1 galley racks1 /&+ galleys1 etc4 #dc pp42 illu/rat$2 #cc review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #d4 ,impos+ ,tables & ,lock-up ,appliances ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,/ew>t ,describ+ ! tools & mat]ials us$ 9 lock+ up =ms = ! press1 includ+ "s mod]n utilities = special purposes4 #ei pp42 illu/rat$2 #gj review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #e4 ,pro( ,presses ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,/ew>t ,a prim] ( in=mation ab\t ! cu/om>y me?ods & ma*9es = tak+ pr9t]s' pro(s4 #dj pp42 illu/rat$2 #da review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #f4 ,plat5 ,pr9t+ ,presses ,by ,daniel ,bak] ,a prim] ( in=mation reg>d+ ! hi/ory & me*anical con/ruction ( plat5 pr9t+ presses1 f ! orig9al h& press to ! mod]n job press1 to :i* is add$ a *apt] on automatic presses ( small size4 #ea pp42 illu/rat$2 #di review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #g4 ,cyl9d] ,pr9t+ ,presses ,by ,h]b]t ,l4 ,bak] ,be+ a /udy ( ! me*anism & op]ation ( ! pr9cipal types ( cyl9d] pr9t+ ma*9es4 #fd pp42 illu/rat$2 #dg review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #h4 ,me*anical ,fe$]s & ,fold]s ,by ,william ,e4 ,spurri] ,! hi/ory & op]ation ( mod]n fe$+ & fold+ ma*9es2 ) h9ts on _! c>e & adju/m5ts4 ,illu/rat$2 review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #i4 ,p[] = ,ma*9]y 9 ,pr9t+ ,h\ses ,by ,c>l ,f4 ,scott ,a treatise on ! me?ods ( apply+ p[] to pr9t+ presses & alli$ ma*9]y ) p>ticul> ref]5ce to electric drive4 #ec pp42 illu/rat$2 #fi review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #aj4 ,pap] ,cutt+ ,ma*9es ,by ,niel ,gray1 ,jr4 ,a prim] ( in=mation ab\t pap] & c>d trimm]s1 h&-lev] cutt]s1 p[] cutt]s1 & o!r automatic ma*9es = cutt+ pap]4 #gj pp42 illu/rat$2 #aae review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #aa4 ,pr9t]s' ,roll]s ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,/ew>t ,a prim] ( in=mation ab\t ! composition1 manufacture1 & c>e ( ink+ roll]s4 #df pp42 illu/rat$2 #fa review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #ab4 ,pr9t+ ,inks ,by ,philip ,ruxton ,_! composition1 prop]ties & manufacture 7repr9t$ by p]mission f ,circul> ,no4 #ec1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,bureau ( ,/&>ds72 toge!r ) "s helpful sugge/ions ab\t ! ev]yday use ( pr9t+ inks by ,philip ,ruxton4 #hj pp42 #ajj review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #ac4 ,h[ ,pap] is ,made ,by ,william ,bond ,:eelwright ,a prim] ( in=mation ab\t ! mat]ials & processes ( manufactur+ pap] = pr9t+ & writ+4 #fh pp42 illu/rat$2 #fb review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #ad4 ,relief ,engrav+s ,by ,joseph ,p4 ,donovan ,brief hi/ory & non-te*nical description ( mod]n me?ods ( engrav+2 woodcut1 z9c plate1 halftone2 k9d ( copy = reproduction2 ?+s to rememb] :5 ord]+ engrav+s4 ,illu/rat$2 review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #ae4 ,electrotyp+ & ,/]eotyp+ ,by ,h>ris ,b4 ,hat* & ,a4 ,a4 ,/ew>t ,a prim] ( in=mation ab\t ! processes ( electrotyp+ & /]eotyp+4 #id pp42 illu/rat$2 #abi review que/ions2 gloss>ies4 ,,"p ,,ii--,h& & ,ma*9e ,composition #af4 ,typesett+ ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,/ew>t ,a h&book = beg9n]s1 giv+ in=mation ab\t ju/ify+1 spac+1 correct+1 & o!r matt]s relat+ to typesett+4 ,illu/rat$2 review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #ag4 ,pr9t]s' ,pro(s ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,/ew>t ,! me?ods by :i* !y are made1 m>k$1 & correct$1 ) obs]vations on pro(read+4 ,illu/rat$2 review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #ah4 ,fir/ ,/eps 9 ,job ,composition ,by ,camille ,de,veze ,sugge/ions = ! appr5tice compositor 9 sett+ 8 fir/ jobs1 especially ab\t ! important little ?+s :i* g to make good display 9 typography4 #fc pp42 examples2 #ee review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #ai4 ,g5]al ,job ,composition ,h[ ! job compositor h&les bus9ess /ation]y1 programs & miscellane\s "w4 ,illu/rat$2 review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #bj4 ,book ,composition ,by ,j4 ,w4 ,bo?well ,*apt]s f ,de,vinne's ,mod]n ,me?ods ( ,book ,composition1 revis$ & arrang$ = ?is s]ies ( text-books by ,j4 ,w4 ,bo?well ( ,! ,de,vinne ,press1 ,new ,york4 ,"p ,i3 ,composition ( pages4 ,"p ,,ii3 ,imposition ( pages4 #bbi pp42 illu/rat$2 #ebe review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #ba4 ,tabul> ,composition ,by ,rob]t ,seav] ,a /udy ( ! elem5t>y =ms ( table composition1 ) examples ( m difficult composition4 #cf pp42 examples2 #de review que/ions4 #bb4 ,appli$ ,ari?metic ,by ,e4 ,e4 ,%eldon ,elem5t>y ari?metic appli$ to problems ( ! pr9t+ trade1 calculation ( mat]ials1 pap] weights & sizes1 ) /&>d tables & rules = computation1 ea* subject amplifi$ ) examples & ex]cises4 #aei pp4 #bc4 ,typeca/+ & ,compos+ ,ma*9es ,a4 ,w4 ,f9lay1 ,editor ,section ,i--,! ,l9otype ,by ,l4 ,a4 ,horn/e9 ,section ,,ii--,! ,monotype ,by ,joseph ,hays ,section ,,iii--,! ,int]type ,by ,h5ry ,w4 ,cozz5s ,section ,,iv--,o!r ,typeca/+ & ,typesett+ ,ma*9es ,by ,frank ,h4 ,smi? ,a brief hi/ory ( typesett+ ma*9es1 ) descriptions ( _! me*anical pr9ciples & op]ations4 ,illu/rat$2 review que/ions2 gloss>y4 ,,"p ,,iii--,imposition & ,/onework #bd4 ,lock+ ,=ms = ! ,job ,press ,by ,frank ,s4 ,h5ry ,?+s ! appr5tice %\ld "k ab\t lock+ up small =ms1 & ab\t g5]al "w on ! /one4 ,illu/rat$2 review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #be4 ,prep>+ ,=ms = ! ,cyl9d] ,press ,by ,frank ,s4 ,h5ry ,pamphlet & catalog imposition2 m>g9s2 fold m>ks1 etc4 ,me?ods ( h&l+ type =ms & electrotype =ms4 ,illu/rat$2 review que/ions2 gloss>y4 ,,"p ,,iv--,presswork #bf4 ,mak+ ,ready on ,plat5 ,presses ,by ,t4 ,g4 ,mc,grew ,! ess5tial p>ts ( a press & _! functions2 di/9ctive features ( commonly us$ ma*9es4 ,prep>+ ! tympan1 regulat+ ! impression1 und]lay+ & ov]lay+1 sett+ gauges1 & o!r details expla9$4 ,illu/rat$2 review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #bg4 ,cyl9d] ,presswork ,by ,t4 ,g4 ,mc,grew ,prep>+ ! press2 adju/m5t ( b$ & cyl9d]1 =m roll]s1 ink f\nta91 gripp]s & deliv]y sy/ems4 ,und]lay+ & ov]lay+2 mod]n ov]lay me?ods4 ,illu/rat$2 review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #bh4 ,pressroom ,h9ts & ,helps ,by ,*>les ,l4 ,dunton ,describ+ "s practical me?ods ( pressroom "w1 ) directions & useful in=mation relat+ to a v>iety ( pr9t+-press problems4 #hg pp42 #agf review que/ions4 #bi4 ,reproductive ,processes ( ! ,graphic ,arts ,by ,a4 ,w4 ,elson ,a prim] ( in=mation ab\t ! di/9ctive features ( ! relief1 ! intaglio1 & ! planographic processes ( pr9t+4 #hd pp42 illu/rat$2 #ajj review que/ions2 gloss>y4 ,,"p ,v--,pamphlet & ,book ,b9d+ #cj4 ,pamphlet ,b9d+ ,by ,bancr(t ,l4 ,goodw9 ,a prim] ( in=mation ab\t ! v>i\s op]ations employ$ 9 b9d+ pamphlets & o!r "w 9 ! b9d]y4 ,illu/rat$2 review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #ca4 ,book ,b9d+ ,by ,john ,j4 ,pleg] ,practical in=mation ab\t ! usual op]ations 9 b9d+ books2 fold+2 ga!r+1 collat+1 sew+1 =w>d+1 f9i%+4 ,case mak+ & cas$-9 books4 ,h& "w & ma*9e "w4 ,job & blank-book b9d+4 ,illu/rat$2 review que/ions2 gloss>y4 ,,"p ,,vi--,correct ,lit]>y ,composition #cb4 ,^w ,/udy & ,engli% ,gramm> ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton ,a prim] ( in=mation ab\t words1 _! relations1 & _! uses4 #fh pp42 #hd review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #cc4 ,punctuation ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton ,a prim] ( in=mation ab\t ! m>ks ( punctuation & _! use1 bo? grammatically & typographically4 #ef pp42 #ei review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #cd4 ,capitals ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton ,a prim] ( in=mation ab\t capitalization1 ) "s practical typographic h9ts z to ! use ( capitals4 #dh pp42 #ib review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #ce4 ,division ( ,words ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton ,rules = ! division ( words at ! ends ( l9es1 ) rem>ks on spell+1 syllabication & pronunciation4 #db pp42 #gj review que/ions4 #cf4 ,comp\nd ,words ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton ,a /udy ( ! pr9ciples ( comp\nd+1 ! compon5ts ( comp\nds1 & ! use ( ! hyph54 #cd pp42 #fb review que/ions4 #cg4 ,abbreviations & ,signs ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton ,a prim] ( in=mation ab\t abbreviations & signs1 ) classifi$ li/s ( ^? 9 mo/ common use4 #eh pp42 #cb review que/ions4 #ch4 ,! ,uses ( ,italic ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton ,a prim] ( in=mation ab\t ! hi/ory & uses ( italic lett]s4 #ca pp42 #cg review que/ions4 #ci4 ,pro(read+ ,by ,arnold ,levitas ,! te*nical phases ( ! pro(read]'s "w2 read+1 m>k+1 revis+1 etc42 me?ods ( h&l+ pro(s & copy4 ,illu/rat$ by examples4 #ei pp42 #fi review que/ions2 gloss>y4 #dj4 ,prep>ation ( ,pr9t]s' ,copy ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton ,sugge/ions = au?ors1 editors1 & all :o are engag$ 9 prep>+ copy = ! compos+ room4 #cf pp42 #fg review que/ions4 #da4 ,pr9t]s' ,manual ( ,/yle ,a ref]5ce compilation ( approv$ rules1 usages1 & sugge/ions relat+ to uni=mity 9 punctuation1 capitalization1 abbreviations1 num]als1 & k9dr$ features ( composition4 #db4 ,! ,pr9t]'s ,diction>y ,by ,a4 ,a4 ,/ew>t ,a h&book ( def9itions & miscellane\s in=mation ab\t v>i\s processes ( pr9t+1 alphabetically arrang$4 ,te*nical t]ms expla9$4 ,illu/rat$4 ,,"p ,,vii--,design1 ,color1 & ,lett]+ #dc4 ,appli$ ,design = ,pr9t]s ,by ,h>ry ,l4 ,gage ,a h&book ( ! pr9ciples ( arrangem5t1 ) brief comm5t on ! p]iods ( design :i* h mo/ influ5c$ pr9t+4 ,treats ( h>mony1 balance1 proportion1 & rhy?m2 motion2 symmetry & v>iety2 ornam5t1 e/hetic & symbolic4 #cg illu/rations2 #df review que/ions2 gloss>y2 bibliography4 #dd4 ,elem5ts ( ,typographic ,design ,by ,h>ry ,l4 ,gage ,applications ( ! pr9ciples ( decorative design4 ,build+ mat]ial ( typography3 pap]1 types1 ink1 decorations & illu/rations4 ,h&l+ ( %apes4 ,design ( complete book1 treat+ ea* "p4 ,design ( comm]cial =ms & s+le units4 ,illu/rations2 review que/ions1 gloss>y2 bibliography4 #de4 ,rudim5ts ( ,color 9 ,pr9t+ ,by ,h>ry ,l4 ,gage ,use ( color3 = decoration ( black & :ite1 = broad po/] effect1 9 comb9ations ( two1 ?ree1 or m pr9t+s ) process engrav+s4 ,sci5tific nature ( color1 physical & *emical4 ,t]ms 9 :i* color may be discuss$3 hue1 value1 int5sity4 ,diagrams 9 color1 scales & comb9ations4 ,color !ory ( process engrav+4 ,exp]im5ts ) color4 ,illu/rations 9 full color1 & on v>i\s pap]s4 ,review que/ions2 gloss>y2 bibliography4 #df4 ,lett]+ 9 ,typography ,by ,h>ry ,l4 ,gage ,pr9t]'s use ( lett]+3 adaptability & decorative effect4 ,developm5t ( hi/oric writ+ & lett]+ & its influ5ce on type design4 ,classification ( g5]al =ms 9 lett]+4 ,application ( design to lett]+4 ,draw+ = reproduction4 ,fully illu/rat$2 review que/ions2 gloss>y2 bibliography4 #dg4 ,typographic ,design 9 ,adv]tis+ ,by ,h>ry ,l4 ,gage ,! pr9t]'s function 9 adv]tis+4 ,precepts ^u :i* adv]tis+ is bas$4 ,pr9t]'s analysis ( 8 copy4 ,emphasis1 legibility1 att5tion1 color4 ,me?od ( /udy+ adv]tis+ typography4 ,illu/rations2 review que/ions2 gloss>y2 bibliography4 #dh4 ,mak+ ,dummies & ,lay\ts ,by ,h>ry ,l4 ,gage ,a lay\t3 ! ar*itectural plan4 ,a dummy3 ! imitation ( a propos$ f9al effect4 ,use ( dummy 9 sales "w4 ,use ( lay\t4 ,function ( lay\t man4 ,b9d+ s*emes = dummies4 ,dummy envelopes4 ,illu/rations2 review que/ions2 gloss>y2 bibliography4 ,,"p ,,viii--,hi/ory ( ,pr9t+ #di4 ,books ,be=e ,typography ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton ,a prim] ( in=mation ab\t ! inv5tion ( ! alphabet & ! hi/ory ( bookmak+ up to ! inv5tion ( movable types4 #fb pp42 illu/rat$2 #fd review que/ions4 #ej4 ,! ,inv5tion ( ,typography ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton ,a brief sket* ( ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ & h[ x came ab\t4 #fd pp42 #fb review que/ions4 #ea4 ,hi/ory ( ,pr9t+--,"p ,i ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton ,a prim] ( in=mation ab\t ! beg9n+s ( pr9t+1 ! developm5t ( ! book1 ! developm5t ( pr9t]s' mat]ials1 & ! "w ( ! great pione]s4 #fc pp42 #ee review que/ions4 #eb4 ,hi/ory ( ,pr9t+--,"p ,,ii ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton ,a brief sket* ( ! economic conditions ( ! pr9t+ indu/ry f #adej to #aghi1 includ+ gov]nm5t regulations1 c5sor%ip1 int]nal conditions & indu/rial relations4 #id pp42 #abh review que/ions4 #ec4 ,pr9t+ 9 ,engl& ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton ,a %ort hi/ory ( pr9t+ 9 ,engl& f ,caxton to ! pres5t "t4 #hi pp42 #fe review que/ions4 #ed4 ,pr9t+ 9 ,am]ica ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton ,a brief sket* ( ! developm5t ( ! newspap]1 & "s notes on publi%]s :o h especially contribut$ to pr9t+4 #ih pp42 #hd review que/ions4 #ee4 ,type & ,presses 9 ,am]ica ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton ,a brief hi/orical sket* ( ! developm5t ( type ca/+ & press build+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #eb pp42 #fa review que/ions4 ,,"p ,,ix--,co/ ,f9d+ & ,acc\nt+ #ef4 ,elem5ts ( ,co/ 9 ,pr9t+ ,by ,h5ry ,p4 ,port] ,! ,/&>d ,co/-,f9d+ ,=ms & _! uses4 ,:at !y %\ld %[4 ,h[ to utilize ! in=mation !y give4 ,review que/ions4 ,gloss>y4 #eg4 ,use ( a ,co/ ,sy/em ,by ,h5ry ,p4 ,port] ,! ,/&>d ,co/-,f9d+ ,=ms & _! uses4 ,:at !y %\ld %[4 ,h[ to utilize ! in=mation !y give4 ,review que/ions4 ,gloss>y4 #eh4 ,! ,pr9t] z a ,m]*ant ,by ,h5ry ,p4 ,port] ,! selection & pur*ase ( mat]ials & supplies = pr9t+4 ,! relation ( ! co/ ( raw mat]ial & ! sell+ price ( ! f9i%$ product4 ,review que/ions4 ,gloss>y4 #ei4 ,fundam5tal ,pr9ciples ( ,e/imat+ ,by ,h5ry ,p4 ,port] ,! e/imator & 8 "w2 =ms to use2 g5]al rules = e/imat+4 ,review que/ions4 ,gloss>y4 #fj4 ,e/imat+ & ,sell+ ,by ,h5ry ,p4 ,port] ,an insight into ! me?ods us$ 9 mak+ e/imates1 & _! relation to sell+4 ,review que/ions4 ,gloss>y4 #fa4 ,acc\nt+ = ,pr9t]s ,by ,h5ry ,p4 ,port] ,a brief outl9e ( an acc\nt+ sy/em = pr9t]s2 necess>y books & accessory records4 ,review que/ions4 ,gloss>y4 ,,"p ,x--,miscellane\s #fb4 ,heal?1 ,sanitation1 & ,safety ,by ,h5ry ,p4 ,port] ,hygi5e 9 ! pr9t+ trade2 a /udy ( conditions old & new2 practical sugge/ions = improvem5t2 protective appliances & rules = safety4 #fc4 ,topical ,index ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton ,a book ( ref]5ce cov]+ ! topics treat$ 9 ! ,typographic ,te*nical ,s]ies1 alphabetically arrang$4 #fd4 ,c\rses ( ,/udy ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,hamilton ,a guidebook = tea*]s1 ) outl9es & sugge/ions = classroom & %op "w4 ,,ackn[l$gm5t ,?is s]ies ( ,typographic ,text-books is ! result ( ! spl5did co-op]ation ( a l>ge numb] ( firms & individuals engag$ 9 ! pr9t+ bus9ess & its alli$ indu/ries 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,! ,committee on ,education ( ! ,unit$ ,typo!tae ( ,am]ica1 "u ^: auspices ! books h be5 prep>$ & publi%$1 ackn[l$ges its indebt$ness = ! g5]\s assi/ance r5d]$ by ! _m au?ors1 pr9t]s1 & o!rs id5tifi$ ) ?is "w4 ,:ile due ackn[l$gm5t is made on ! title & copyright pages ( ^? contribut+ to ea* book1 ! ,committee nev]!less felt t a gr\p li/ ( co-op]at+ firms w\ld be ( int]e/4 ,! foll[+ li/ is n complete1 z x includes only ^? :o h co-op]at$ 9 ! production ( a portion ( ! volumes1 con/itut+ ! fir/ pr9t+4 ,z soon z ! entire li/ ( books compris+ ! ,typographic ,te*nical ,s]ies has be5 complet$ 7:i* ! ,committee hopes w be at an e>ly date71 ! full li/ w be pr9t$ 9 ea* volume4 ,! ,committee also desires to ackn[l$ge its indebt$ness to ! _m subscrib]s to ?is ,s]ies :o h pati5tly await$ its publication4 ,,committee ,,on ,,education1 ,,unit$ ,,typo!tae ,,( ,,am]ica4 ,,h5ry ,p4 ,,port]1 ,*airman1 ,e4 ,,lawr5ce ,,fell1 ,a4 ,m4 ,,glossbr5n]1 ,j4 ,,clyde ,,oswald1 ,,toby ,,rubovits4 ,,fr$]ick ,w4 ,,hamilton1 ,education ,director4 ,,contributors ,= ,composition & ,electrotypes ,,isaac ,h4 ,,blan*>d ,,company1 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,s4 ,h4 ,,burbank ,,co41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,j4 ,s4 ,,cu%+ ,,co41 ,norwood1 ,mass4 ,,! ,,dev9ne ,,press1 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,r4 ,r4 ,,donnelley ,,sons ,,co41 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,,geo4 ,h4 ,,ellis ,,co41 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,,evans-,,w9t]-,,hebb1 ,detroit1 ,mi*4 ,,frankl9 ,,pr9t+ ,,company1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,f4 ,h4 ,,gilson ,,company1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,,/eph5 ,,gre5e ,,co41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,w4 ,f4 ,,hall ,,pr9t+ ,,co41 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,j4 ,b4 ,,lipp9cott ,,co41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,,mccalla ,,co4 ,,inc41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,,! ,,patteson ,,press1 ,new ,york1 ,new ,york ,,! ,,plimpton ,,press1 ,norwood1 ,mass4 ,,poole ,,bros41 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,,edw>d ,,/]n ,,co41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,,! ,,/one ,,pr9t+ ,,mfg4 ,,co41 ,roanoke1 ,va4 ,c4 ,d4 ,,traphag51 ,l9coln1 ,neb4 ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,press1 ,cambridge1 ,mass4 ,= ,composition ,,bo/on ,,typo!tae ,,s*ool ,,( ,,pr9t+1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,,william ,f4 ,,fell ,,co41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,,! ,,kalkh(f ,,company1 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,ox=d-,,pr9t1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,,toby ,,rubovits1 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,= ,electrotypes ,,blomgr5 ,,bro!rs ,,co41 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,,fl[] ,,/eel ,,electrotyp+ ,,co41 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,c4 ,j4 ,,pet]s ,,son ,,co41 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,,royal ,,electrotype ,,co41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,h4 ,c4 ,,:itcomb ,,co41 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,= ,engrav+s ,,am]ican ,,type ,,f\nd]s ,,co41 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,c4 ,b4 ,,cottrell ,,sons ,,co41 ,we/]ly1 ,r4 ,i4 ,,gold+ ,,manufactur+ ,,co41 ,frankl91 ,mass4 ,,h>v>d ,,univ]sity1 ,cambridge1 ,mass4 ,,inl& ,,pr9t] ,,co41 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,,lan/on ,,monotype ,,ma*9e ,,company1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,,m]g5?al] ,,l9otype ,,company1 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,geo4 ,h4 ,,morrill ,,co41 ,norwood1 ,mass4 ,,oswald ,,publi%+ ,,co41 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,! ,,pr9t+ ,,art1 ,cambridge1 ,mass4 ,b4 ,d4 ,,ris+ ,,pap] ,,company1 ,h\satonic1 ,mass4 ,,! ,,v&]cook ,,press1 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,= ,book ,pap] ,,am]ican ,,writ+ ,,pap] ,,co41 ,holyoke1 ,mass4 ,,we/ ,,virg9ia ,,pulp ,,pap] ,,co41 ,me*anicville1 ,n4 ,y4 ,footnotes3 #a ,9 old or mu*-us$ fonts to :i* additions h be5 made aft] ! fir/ supply1 ! new lett]s1 be+ ca/ lat] 9 a diff]5t mold1 may (t5 %[ a diff]5ce 9 ! position or ! numb] ( nicks4 ,9 cases ( ?is k9d ! appr5tice %\ld obs]ve c>efully & inquire be=e decid+ t a type ) a diff]5t nick does n belong to ! font4 #b ,! small lett]s are call$ l[]-case by pr9t]s1 because !y are commonly kept 9 ! l[] case ( a pair on ! case-/&4 #c ,! p]iod1 comma1 hyph51 apo/rophe1 & occasionally "s o!r "* 7su* z ! 7 are (t5 ! same 9 bo? roman & italic fonts t are int5d$ z companion faces4 #d ,job fonts are usually put up by f\nd]s 9 two sections1 "o conta9+ capitals1 figures1 & po9ts2 ! o!r l[]-case1 ) a small portion ( po9ts4 ,diph?ongs ,,ae ,,oe ae oe are n n[ includ$ 9 job fonts1 & _m adv]tis+ type fonts d n include ! l[]-case ligatures fi ff fl ffi ffl4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! orig9al pr9t$ text conta9s a significant numb] ( *>act]s :i* are n includ$ 9 /&>d ,,ascii or ,,iso-#hhei-a encod+s4 ,^? glyphs are repres5t$ 9 ?is file ei!r z squ>e-bracket$ sets ( lett]s 7= acc5ts or ligatures71 or z squ>e-bracket$ type_/description pairs1 e4g4 ,symbol3 p] sign4 ,^! limitations are n pres5t 9 ! ,,html v]sion ( ?is docum5t1 :i* uses num]ic entities ( ! ,unicode *>act]s :i* accurately repres5t ^! glyphs z pr9t$ 9 ! orig9al4