,phallic ,miscellanies4 ,illu/ration3 ,female at ! c]emony ( ,l+a ,puja4 ,e4 ,w4 ,alais ,sc4 ,,phallic ,,miscellanies2 ,facts & ,phases ( ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,,sex ,,wor%ip1 ,z ,illu/rat$ ,*iefly 9 ! ,religions ( ,india1 ,,an ,,app5dix ,,( ,,additional ,,& ,,explanatory ,,matt] ,,to ,,! ,,volumes ,phallism & ,nature ,wor%ip4 ,,by ,,! ,,au?or ,,( ,,phallicism4 ,,privately ,,pr9t$4 ,,mdcccxci4 ,,preface4 ,all t x is necess>y to say by way ( preface to ?is book is1 t1 hav+ 9 v>i\s =m] volumes1 entitl$ sev]ally ,phallism1 ,nature ,wor%ip1 ,phallic ,objects1 c41 ent]$ at "s l5g? into a consid]ation ( ! peculi>ities indicat$ by ^! d5om9ations1 we n[ propose lay+ be=e our read]s an additional mass ( important matt] :i* illu/rates & ?r[s fur!r light ^u ! subject4 ,?is has be5 s\ght out ) great lab\r & rese>* among/ ! mo/ tru/wor?y s\rces ( in=mation1 & w =m a valuable app5dix to ! sev]al volumes 9 "q4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,india1 ! home ( ,phallic-wor%ip--,l+a describ$--,! bull ,n&i--,l+a puja--,l>ge & small l+ams--,antiquity ( ,l+a-puja--,gr[? ( ! ,h9du ,pan!on--,siva ! de/roy]--,sacr$ bulls--,%r9e ( ,ek ,l+a--,leg5d relat+ to riv]s--,! ,*urn+ ( ! sea--,v>iety ( =ms ( ,siva--,deities ( ,india--,orig9 ( ! ,univ]se--,h9du ,triad--,aum & ,o',m--,jupit] ,g5itor--,attributes ( ,siva--,wor%ip ( ,osiris--,id5tity ( ,egyptian1 ,grecian & ,indian deities--,h9du temples--,c]emonies4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,h9du evid5ce respect+ ! orig9 ( ,phallic wor%ip--,leg5d ( ! w\nd$ ,h>a--,! f\r sects ( wor%ipp]s in/itut$ by ,brahma--,resumption ( ! ,l+am by ,siva--,siva & ,p>vati propitiat$--,visit ( ,bhrigu to ,siva--,! ,la+a ,puran on ! ,orig9 ( ,l+am wor%ip--,abolition ( wor%ip ( ,brahma--,moral "* ( ,h9du wor%ip---,pr(ligate sects--,egyptian phallus--,bac*us--,te/imony ( ,t]tullian & ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria--,dionysus--,directions = wor%ip--,unsatisfactory leg5ds--,leg5d ( ,bhima--,! f\r? avat> ( ,vi%nu--,visit ( ,capta9 ,mack5zie to ! ,pagoda at ,p]wuttum4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,repres5tations ( ,siva--,siva's qu>rel ) 8 fa!r-9-law--,qu>rel betwe5 ,brahma & ,vi%nu--,misconduct ( ,siva--,b5gal temples ( ,siva--,anci5t l+a idols--,siege ( ,somna?--,f]i%tah's hi/ory--,! twelve great l+ams--,acc\nt ( ! ,viri-,sawas--,! ,jangamas--,leg5d ( ,ravuna4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,l+am ,wor%ip 9 ! ,%eeve ,p\ran4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,! f\r k9ds ( /one l+as--,siva "u a =m call$ ,muhakalu--,tempor>y images ( ,siva--,siva's wives--,siva's & ,p>vati's qu>rels--,siva & ,doorga--,siva's names--,! heav5s ( ,siva--,latsami--,p[] ( ! prie/s--,tamil poetry--,indec5t wor%ip--,danc+ girls at religi\s c]emonies--,*ri/ian & ,pagan idolatry--,religi\s pro/itution--,wor%ip ( ! female--,developm5t ( indec5t practices--,sakti-puja4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,fur!r acc\nt ( ,"r-h& & ,left-h& wor%ip--,! practices ( ! ,vamis or ,vama*>is--,! rite ( ,mantra ,sadhana--,c]emony ( ,sri-,*akra--,claims ( ! prie/s to sup]natural p[]--,leg5ds4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,consid]ations respect+ ! orig9 ( ,phallic wor%ip--,comp>isons betwe5 ,indian & ,egyptian practices & doctr9es4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,vocabul>y ( words ( ,indian & ,sanscrit orig94 ,,phallic ,,miscellanies4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,india1 ! home ( ,phallic ,wor%ip--,l+a describ$--,! ,bull ,n&i--,l+a puja--,l>ge & small ,l+as--,antiquity ( ,l+a-puja--,gr[? ( ! ,h9du ,pan!on--,siva1 ! ,de/roy]--,sacr$ ,bulls--,%r9e ( ,ek-,l+a--,leg5d relat+ to riv]s--,! ,*urn+ ( ! sea--,v>iety ( ,=ms ( ,siva--,deities ( ,india--,orig9 ( ! ,univ]se--,h9du ,triad--,aum & ,o',m4--,jupit] ,g5itor--,attributes ( ,siva--,wor%ip ( ,osiris--,id5tity ( ,egyptian1 ,grecian1 & ,indian deities--,h9doo ,temples--,c]emonies4 ,india1 beyond all o!r c\ntries on ! face ( ! e>?1 is pre-em95tly ! home ( ! wor%ip ( ! ,phallus--! ,l+a puja2 x has be5 s = ages & rema9s s /ill4 ,?is adoration is said to be "o ( ! *ief1 if n ! lead+ dogma ( ! ,h9du religion1 & !re is sc>cely a temple ?r\gh\t ! l& :i* has n its ,l+am1 9 _m in/ances ?is symbol be+ ! only =m "u :i* ! deity ( ! sanctu>y is wor%ipp$4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! ,l+a may be describ$ z a smoo?1 r\nd1 black /one1 app>5tly ris+ out ( ano!r /one1 =m$ l an elongat$ sauc]1 ?\gh 9 reality sculptur$ f "o block ( basalt4 ,! outl9e ( ?is sauc]-l /one1 simil> 9 =m to :at is call$ a jew's h>p1 is call$ ,argha or ,yoni3 ! upright /one1 ! type ( ! virile organ1 is ! ,l+a4 ,! :ole ?+ be>s ! "n ( ,l+ioni4 ,?is repres5tation ( ! union ( ! sexes1 typifies ! div9e sacti1 or active en]gy 9 union1 ! procreative g5]ative p[] se5 ?r\gh\t nature2 ! e>? be+ ! primitive pud5dum or yoni1 :i* is fecundat$ by ! sol> heat1 ! sun--! primeval ,l+am1 to ^: vivify+ rays1 m5 & animals1 plants & ! fruits ( ! e>? owe _! be+ & cont9u$ exi/5ce4 ,?us1 accord+ to ! ,h9dus1 ! ,l+a is ,god & ,god is ! ,l+a2 ! fecundator1 ! g5]ator1 ! creator 9 fact4 ,l+as are ( all sizes & ( v>i\s =ms4 ,sometimes !y are extremely m9ute1 be+ !n enclos$ 9 small silv] reliqu>ies1 & worn z amulets or *>ms ^u ! brea/ or arm4 ,at o!r times !y are sev]al in*es 9 height1 z 9 ! dome/ic examples1 & (t5 h ! bull ,n&i c>v$ ei!r at ! end ( ! yoni or at ! side ( ! emblem4 ,! ,h9dus say t ! bull w int]cept ! evil :i* is cont9ually emitt$ f ! female sacti4 ,^u ! erection ( a new village1 9 sett+ up ! ,l+a1 !y are c>eful to turn ! sp\t ( ! yoni t[>ds ! jungle1 & n ^u ! h\ses or roads1 le/ ill =tune %\ld re/ ^u !m4 ,^! ,l+ams are ( a mu* l>g] size ?an ^? j m5tion$1 be+ g5]ally two or ?ree feet 9 height4 ,e>ly 9 ! morn+ ar\nd ^! emblems may be se5 ! girls ( ! neighb\rhood :o are anxi\s = husb&s1 spr9kl+ !m ) wat] f ! ,ganges2 deck+ !m ) g>l&s ( bilwa fl[]s2 p]=m+ ! mudra1 or ge/iculation ) ! f+]s1 & :ile rubb+ !mselves aga9/ ! emblem1 recit+ ! prescrib$ incantations1 & entreat+ ! deity to make !m ! fruitful "m ( *ildr54 ,?is is :at is call$ ! ,l+a puja4 ,dur+ its p]=mance ! five lamps are light$ & ! bell frequ5tly rung to fright5 away ! evil demons4 ,/ill l>g] ,l+as ?an any yet m5tion$ are f\nd 9 ! temples1 "s ( !m imm5se--z high z =ty feet & measur+ tw5ty-five feet 9 circumf]5ce4 ,^! l>ge emblems are1 z a rule1 ,l+as only1 n 9 conjunction ) ! ,yoni4 ,colonel ,sykes 9 8 ,acc\nt ( ! ,ellora ,excavations1 7ne> ,poonah1 9 ! ,bombay ,presid5cy71 speak+ ( ! ,bisma ,kurm1 says1 ,! fir/ ?+ t meets ! eye on ent]+ ! temple is ! enorm\s hemisph]ical figure ( ! ,l+ 7,l+am7 at ! end ( ! cave2 x is always f\nd on ?is scale 9 ! ar*$ ,boodh excavations1 & ev5 at ,tune]1 9 a flat ro($ cave1 ?is emblem is =ty-two feet 9 circumf]5ce1 ?\gh its height is inconsid]able4 ,h[ long ?is wor%ip ( ! ,l+am has prevail$ 9 ,india x is impossible to say2 x is positively kn[n to h exi/$ = at lea/ #aejj ye>s1 & x is e/imat$ t ab\t two ?irds ( all ! ,h9du p1 p]haps eighty millions ( s\ls1 practise x4 ,! idols are (t5 describ$ z conspicu\s ev]y:]e1 9 all p>ts ( ,briti% ,india f ! ,himalaya to ,ceylon4 ,we are told t ?r\gh\t ! :ole tract ( ! ,ganges1 z f> z ,b5>es1 9 ,b5gal1 ! temples are commonly erect$ 9 a range ( six1 eight1 or twelve on ea* side ( a ghat lead+ to ! riv]1 & t at ,kalna is a circul> gr\p ( #ajh temples1 erect$ by a raja ( ,b>dwan4 ,ea* ( ! temples 9 ,b5gal consi/s ( a s+le *amb]1 ( a squ>e =m1 surm\nt$ by a pyramidal c5tre4 ,! area ( ea* is v small1 ! l+a ( black or :ite m>ble occupy+ ! c5tre4 ,:at race br\ght ! ,l+am wor%ip into ,india is n kn[n1 b x seems to h come f ! bas9 ( ! ,l[] ,indus ?r\gh ,rajputana1 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,at ,ujja9 x 0 p>ticul>ly celebrat$ ab\t ! p]iod ( ! ,mohamm$an invasion1 b probably long be=e1 & "o p>ticul> ,l+a 0 nam$ ,v9da-sw]na2 f ,v9du1 drop1 ,sw]na1 gold4 ,at pres5t !re is a f\r-fac$ l+am1 sometimes ?ree-fac$ or tri-murti2 & tri-l+am is said to be ! s\rce ( ! "n ,tel+a & ,tel+ana1 ! c\ntry ext5d+ nor? ( ,madras to ,ganjam1 & we/ to ,bell>y & ,b$]4 ,! f\r-fac$ l+am is call$ ! ,*\murti ,mahadeva1 su* z may be se5 9 ! caves ( ,ellora1 & ( common occurr5ce 9 o!r di/ricts2 & a fam\s %r9e ( ek-l+a1 or ! "o l+am is situat$ 9 a defile ab\t six miles nor? ( ,udaipur1 & has hills t[]+ ar\nd x on all sides4 ,?is ek-l+am1 or "o phallus1 is a cyl9drical or conical /one2 b !re are o!rs t]m$ ,sehesl+a & ,kot-,isw>a1 ) a ?\s& or a million ( phallic repres5tations1 all m9utely c>v$ on ! monoli?ic emblem1 hav+ !n mu* resemblance to ! symbol ( ,bac*us ^: orgies bo? 9 ,egypt & ,greece are ! c\nt]p>t ( ^? ( ! ,h9du ,baghes1 s call$ f be+ clad 9 a tig]'s or leop>d's sk91 z ,bac*us _h t ( ! pan!r = 8 cov]+4 ,!re is a v anci5t temple to ,kot-,isw>a at ! emb\*ure ( ! ea/]n arm ( ! ,indus2 & !re are _m to ,sehesl+a 9 ! p59sula ( ,saura%tra4 ,at ! anci5t ,dholpur1 n[ call$ ,b>olli1 ! %r9e is d$icat$ to ,gut-,isw>a ,mahadeva1 ) a l+am revolv+ 9 ! yoni1 ! wond] ( ^? :o v5ture among/ its almo/ imp]vi\s & unfrequ5t$ woods to wor%ip4 ,x is said t v few ,saiva foll[]s ( ! s\? ( ,india ev] realize ! l+am & ! yoni z repres5tations ( ! organs ( ! body1 & :5 made to appreh5d ! fact !y feel ov]p[]$ ) %ame t !y %\ld be wor%ipp+ su* symbols4#a #a ,see ! ,indian ,cyclopa$ia4 ,! age assign$ by ! above writ] to ?is p>ticul> k9d ( wor%ip falls v f> %ort ( :at has be5 /at$ by o!rs1 & appe>s mo/ probable4 ,x has be5 ass]t$ t its hi/ory goes back two ?\s& ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era--t x 0 !n1 z x is n[1 9 full =ce--t x witness$ ! rise1 decl9e1 & fall ( ! idolatry ( ,egypt1 & ( ! great ,we/]n ,my?ology ( ,greece & ,rome4 ,& :5 we reflect1 says a mod]n writ]1 on its antiquity1 & on ! fact t hi!rto x has sc>cely yield$ 9 ! slighte/ degree to ! adv]se influ5ce ( ! ,mohamm$an race on ! "o h&1 or to ,european dictation on ! o!r2 & t x ex]cises by its sy/em ( ca/e1 a p[]ful control ov] ! mann]s1 cu/oms1 co/umes1 & social /atus ( ! entire ,h9du community1 x becomes a subject fraught ) int]e/ to e cultivat$ m9d1 & (f]s an affect+ b curi\s example ( ! p[] ( a ho>y & t]rible sup]/ition 9 degrad+ & enslav+ s l>ge a portion ( ! human race4#b #b ,sellon4 ,x c sc>cely be que/ion$1 !orise z writ]s may1 t ! orig9 ( ?is wor%ip is lo/ 9 antiquity2 we seem able to trace x back to times :5 x 0 comp>atively pure & simple--:5 x 0 ! wor%ip ( "o god only1 ! ,bruehm ,atma1 ! ,brea?+ ,s\l1 a spiritual ,supreme ,be+4 ,z "t pass$1 h[ev]1 ! primitive simplicity disappe>$1 & rites & c]emonies became complicat$ & num]\s4 ,! spiritual wor%ip ( ! ,deity gave place to ! wor%ip ( a repres5tative image ( him--a block ( /one call$ ,phallus or ,l+a1 repres5t+ ! procreative p[] disc]n$ 9 ,nature4 ,ev5 ?is 0 comp>atively simple at fir/1 b x soon spread itself out 9 a v>iety ( directions1 until an ext5sive ,pan!on 0 =m$ & an elaborate ritual & wor%ip organis$4 ,x is comput$ t ?is ,pan!on conta9s little %ort ( a million gods & demi-gods4 ,x is m p>ticul>ly ) ! god ,siva we %all h to d 9 /at+ facts :i* illu/rate ! subject ( ,phallic wor%ip1 = ! ,l+am or ,phallus 0 ! emblem "u :i* he 0 specially wor%ipp$4 ,x c]ta9ly does seem rem>kable1 z ,mr4 ,sellon rem>k$1 t ( ! ho/ ( div9ities above m5tion$1 ,siva %\ld be ! god :om ! ,h9dus h delight$ to hon\r4 ,z ! ,de/roy]1 & "o :o revels 9 cruelty & blood%$1 ?is t]rible deity1 :o has n inaptly be5 comp>$ to ! ,molo* ( ,scripture1 ( all _! div9ities1 sugge/s mo/ our idea ( ! devil4 ,x may !re=e1 be conclud$ t ! mo/ exalt$ notion ( wor%ip among ! ,h9dus is a s]vice ( ,fe>4 ,! ,brahm9s say ! o!r gods are good & b5evol5t1 & w n hurt _! creatures1 b t ,siva is p[]ful & cruel1 & t x is necess>y to appease him4 ,! attribute ( de/ruction is f\nd visibly depict$ 9 ! draw+s & temples ?r\gh\t ,b5gal4 ,to de/roy1 accord+ to ! ,v$antis ( ,india1 ! ,susis ( ,p]sia1 & _m philosoph]s ( ! ,european s*ools1 is only to g5]ate & reproduce 9 ano!r =m3 h5ce ! god ( de/ruction is held 9 ,india to preside ov] g5]ation2 z a symbol ( :i* he rides on a :ite bull4 ,! sacr$ bull1 ,n&a1 has 8 alt> atta*$ to all ! %r9es ( ,isw>a1 z 0 t ( ,m5es1 or ,apis to ^? ( ! ,egyptian ,osiris4 ,he has occasionally 8 sep>ate %r9es1 & !re is "o 9 ! valley ( ,oodipoor1 :i* has ! reputation ( be+ oracul> z reg>ds ! seasons4 ,! ,bull 0 ! /e$ ( ,isw>a1 & c>ri$ him to battle2 he is (t5 repres5t$ ^u x ) 8 consort ,isa1 at full spe$4 ,! ,bull 0 (f]$ to ,mi?ras by ! ,p]sian1 & oppos$ z x n[ appe>s to ,h9du fai?1 =m]ly bl$ on ! alt>s ( ! ,sun-god1 on :i* n only ! ,buld-dan 7(f]+ ( ! bull7 0 made1 b human sacrifices4 ,we d n le>n t ! ,egyptian prie/hood pres5t$ ! k9dr$ ( ,apis to ,osiris1 b z !y 7 n prohibit$ f eat+ beef1 !y may h done s4 ,! %r9e ( ,ek-,l+a is situat$ 9 a defile ab\t six miles nor? ( ,oodipoor1 ! hills t[]+ ar\nd on all sides are ( ! primitive =mation1 & _! sc>p$ summits are clu/]$ ) honeycombs4 ,!re are abundant small spr+s ( wat]1 :i* keep v]dant num]\s %rubs1 ! fl[]s ( :i* are acceptable to ! deity1 especially ! ,k9] or ,ole&]1 :i* gr[s 9 great luxuriance on ! ,aravulli4 ,groves ( bamboo & mango 7 =m]ly common1 accord+ to tradition2 b al?\gh x is deem$ sacrilege to ?9 ! groves ( ,bal1 ! bamboo has be5 ne>ly de/roy$3 !re are1 h[ev]1 /ill _m trees sacr$ to ! deity scatt]$ ar\nd4 ,x w\ld be difficult to convey a j idea ( a temple s complicat$ 9 its details4 ,x is ( ! =m commonly /yl$ pagoda1 &1 l all ! anci5t temples ( ,siva1 its sikra1 or p9nacle1 is pyramidal4 ,! v>i\s ord]s ( ,h9du sacr$ ar*itecture are di/+ui%$ by ! =m ( ! sikra1 :i* is ! portion spr++ f & surm\nt+ ! p]p5dicul> walls ( ! body ( ! temple4 ,! sikra ( ^? ( ,siva is inv>iably pyramidal1 & its sides v>y ) ! base1 :e!r squ>e or oblong4 ,! apex is cr[n$ ) an ornam5tal figure1 z a sphynx1 an urn1 a ball1 or a lion1 :i* is call$ ! kulkis4 ,:5 ! sikra is b ! fru/rum ( a pyramid1 x is (t5 surm\nt$ by a r[ ( lions1 z at ,biolli4 ,! fane ( ,ek-,l+a is ( :ite m>ble & ( ample dim5sions4 ,"u an op5 vault$ temple1 support$ by columns1 & front+ ! f\r-fac$ div9ity1 is ! braz5 bull ,n&a1 ( ! natural size3 x is ca/1 & ( excell5t proportions4 ,! figure is p]fect1 except :]e ! %ot or hamm] ( an infidel invad] has p5etrat$ its flank 9 se>* ( treasure4 ,)9 ! quadrangle are m9iature %r9es1 conta9+ "s ( ! m9or div9ities4#c #c ,tod's ,raja/h1 vol4 ,i41 p4 #eae4 ,j "h we may introduce a leg5d relat+ to ,siva1 :i*1 if n ( v great importance1 is ( "s int]e/ on acc\nt ( its report$ connection ) "o ( our ,engli% riv]s4 ,! gods1 aft] ! creation1 soon p]ceiv$ t !re 7 /ill _m ?+s want+ = ! good ( mank9d1 & m p>ticul>ly on acc\nt ( !mselves4 ,9 _! num]\s w>s ) ! giants1 _m ( ! gods be+ kill$1 !y 7 in=m$ by ,vi%nu t x 0 possible to procure a bev]age1 :i* w\ld r5d] !m immortal4 ,! task1 h[ev]1 0 imm5se2 = x consi/$ ( ?r[+ all ! plants & trees ( ! univ]se1 accord+ to "s1 b1 accord+ to o!rs1 only ^? t grew on ! sides ( ! ,:ite m\nta9 or isl&1 into ! ,:ite sea2 :i* 0 to be *urn$ = a long "t1 9 ord] to obta9 ! butt] ( immortality1 or ,amrit1 ! ambrosia ( ! we/]n my?ologi/s3 & ! old moon1 :i* 0 already ( ,amrit1 w\ld s]ve z a leav5 to pr$ispose ! :ole mixture4 ,! old moon 0 in]t1 & ( little use2 !y want$ also intoxicat+ liquors to exhil>ate !mselves1 & cele/ial nymphs = _! own amusem5t4 ,?is *urn+ took place 9 ! ,dwap>1 or ?ird age ( ! ,manwantura ( ,*ac%usa1 :i* imm$iately prec$$ t ( ,noah4 ,x la/$ exactly tw5ty-n9e ye>s & five mon?s1 or #aj1gdh days1 #ab h\rs1 & #ah m9utes4 ,?is is obvi\sly ! revolution ( ,saturn1 :i* 0 9 use among/ ! inhabitants ( ! ,isles 9 ! ,nor!rn ,ocean1 :o celebrat$ ) great pomp1 ! entrance ( t planet into ,taurus1 accord+ to ,plut>*4 ,x is decl>$ 9 ! ,puranas1 & ackn[l$g$ by ev]ybody t ?is mom5t\s transaction took place 9 ! ,:ite ,sea1 call$ ! ,calas-odadhi or ! caldron-l sea2 f its be+ an inl& "o1 & surr\nd$ on all sides1 or ne>ly s1 by ! l&2 f :i* circum/ance x 0 comp>$ to a pot or caldron4 ,?is sea 0 contigu\s to ! ,:ite ,isl& on "o side1 = on acc\nt ( its contiguity1 ! ,amrit is said1 9 ! ,matsya-purana & o!rs1 to h be5 produc$ on1 or ne> ! ,:ite or silv] m\nta91 call$ !re also ! m\nta9 ( ,soma or ,lunus4 ,on ! o!r side x bord]$ on ,suv>n-a-dwipa1 or ,irel&3 = we are told 9 ! ,vrihat-,ca?a1 t !re 0 a sea t[n 9 t c\ntry1 call$ ,calas-a-puri1 f its be+ situat$ on ! ,calas-odad'hi1 or sea l a ,calasa or caldron4 ,?is caldron-l1 or l&lock$ sea1 is evid5tly ! ,iri% sea4 ,into ?is ,calasa1 accord+ to ! ,v>aha-purana1 ! gods flung all ! plants1 & agre$ to *urn x4 ,?is !y did1 says our au?or1 9 ,v>unaleyam or ,v>unasyabyam1 ! abode1 abyam1 or /'han ( ,v>una1 ! god ( ! sea4 ,8 abode1 to ?is day1 is well kn[n1 & is 9 ! v c5tre ( t sea4 ,! ,manx & ,iri% my?ologi/s1 accord+ to ,col4 ,valancey1 call ,v>una1 ,mananan-,mac-,lir1 ,mananan1 ! son ( ! sea3 & 8 abode1 accord+ to !m1 is 9 ! ,isle ( ,man1 or ,mann91 z x is call$ by ! ,iri% b>ds4 ,accord+ to ,g54 ,valancey1 x 0 call$ also ,man&1 :i* answ]s to ! ,mono$a ( ,ptolemy4 ,aft] ! gods _h fix$ on ! mo/ prop] "t = ! *urn+ ( ! sea ( milk1 !y soon p]ceiv$ t x w\ld be impossible = !m to accompli% ?is trem5d\s "w1 )\t ! assi/ance ( giants4 ,!y made peace accord+ly ) !m1 "u ! mo/ solemn promise ( %>+ ) !m ! fruit ( _! jo9t lab\rs4 ,! gods 9 g5]al are repres5t$ z a weak race1 b full ( cunn+ & v crafty2 ! giants1 on ! contr>y1 are v /rong1 & g5]ally )\t mu* guile4 ,! gods ( ! ,go?s1 & ( ! ,greeks & ,romans1 did n be> a mu* bett] "*4 ,ev5 among ,*ri/ians !re are old leg5ds1 9 :i* ! devil is mo/ egregi\sly tak5 9 by holy m54 ,hav+ ?us settl$ ! conditions1 !y all w5t to "w1 & ga!r$ all ! trees & plants1 & flung !m into ! caldron-l sea4 ,!y !n br\ght ! m\nta9 ( ,m&>a ) inf9ite lab\r4 ,x is said t ?is m\nta9 is 9 ! p59sula1 ne> ! sea %ore1 & to ! nor? ( ,madras4 ,!y plac$ x 9 ! middle ( ! caldron-l sea1 :i* !y us$ = a *urn1 & m\nt ,m&>a z a *urn+ /aff4 ,! s]p5t ,vasuci s]v$ !m in/ead ( a rope1 & !y twi/$ him r\nd m\nt ,m&>a1 & ! giants 7 all[$ to lay hold ( ! snake by ! head3 8 fi]y brea? scor*$ ! giants1 & !y became black3 ! un=tunate reptile suff]$ mu*2 he compla9$1 b 9 va94 ,m\nt ,m&>a began to s9k2 b ,vi%nu1 assum+ ! %ape ( a tortoise1 plac$ himself "u x4 ,9 ! ,sc&a-purana *apt] ( ! ,sanata-cum>a-,sanhita1 9 ! #ge? section1 we h a m9ute acc\nt ( ! *urn+ ( ! ,:ite sea by ,vi%nu1 ! gods & ! giants3 ! latt] _h ,bali at _! head4 ,aft] *urn+ = five ye>s ! fro? began to appe>3 & aft] ?ree ye>s m1 ,v>uni or ,sura1 ) h] intoxicat+ liquors4 ,! c[ ,camadh5u or ,surabhi appe>$ aft] ano!r ye>'s lab\r4 ,accord+ to ! ,brahman-da-purana1 %e 0 wor%ipp$ by ! gods1 & bo? gods & giants 7 highly pleas$ :5 !y saw h]4 ,"o ye> aft]1 ! elephant ,airavata made 8 appe>ance2 & ! next ye> a horse ) sev5 heads4 ,?ree mon?s aft]1 ! ,aps>as ) ,rambha-,devi at _! head4 ,*&ra or ,lunus1 came "o ye> aft]2 !n aft] ?ree ye>s m1 0 produc$ ,cala-cuta1 a mo/ subtile poison1 fl[+ 9 l>ge quantities2 & !n ,vi%nu became black4 ,x 0 ( a fi]y col\r1 & began to set fire to ! ?ree worlds4 ,mank9d1 be+ al>m$1 began to call out1 ,ah6 ,ah6 ,! e>?1 9 great di/ress1 ) ,vi%nu1 wait$ on ,siva1 crav+ 8 assi/ance4 ,siva swall[$ up ! poison :i* /uck 9 8 ?roat1 & caus$ a mo/ intol]able heat1 :i* p>*$ 8 ?roat & body4 ,8 ?roat turn$ blue2 f :i* circum/ance he is wor%ipp$ "u ! "n ( ,nilacantesw>a1 or ! "l ) ! blue ?roat4 ,siva1 aft] swall[+ ! poison1 z relat$1 w5t to ,himalaya1 :]e he buri$ himself 9 ! sn[4 ,!re are _m places ( wor%ip d$icat$ to ,siva1 "u t title2 b ! orig9al "o is 9 ! ,:ite ,isl&4 ,x is v d\btful if our ance/ors knew any?+ ( ?is *urn+1 & ( ! deadly poison produc$ by x1 & ( a deity swall[+ x up4 ,9 t case1 says ,major ,wil=d1 !re 0 no su* a place 9 ! ,:ite ,isl&4 ,yet ,i _c resi/ ! temptation2 & ,i am incl9$ to believe x n altoge!r improbable1 b t _m ( ^! idle leg5ds orig9at$ 9 ! we/4 ,if s1 !re might h be5 su* a place2 & x c\ld n h be5 f> f ,camalo-dunum4 ,! poison1 :i* ,siva drank up1 is call$ 9 ,sanscrit1 ,cala-cuta1 or ! black lump or mole1 because x rema9$ l a lump 9 ,siva's ?roat1 :i* look$ l a cuta1 a peak1 also a lump or mole4 ,cala-cuta 9 ,welh is y-duman1 or ! black lump or mole1 & ?is 01 accord+ to ,ptolemy1 ! "n ( a riv] 9 ,engl&1 n[ call$ ! ,blackwat]1 9 ,essex4 ,x might h be5 suppos$ once1 t ! black /9k+ mud ( m>%es & f5s1 & m p>ticul>ly t ( ! mosses1 s baneful to liv+ creatures1 0 produc$ 9 consequ5ce ( ?is *urn+2 probably ! emblem us$ to signify "s dreadful convulsion ( nature 9 ^? p>ts4 ,t su* a ?+ happ5$ 9 ! we/]n ocean1 is atte/$ by tradition3 & su* 0 its viol5ce1 & ! dreadful consequ5ces :i* att5d$ x1 t !y c\ld n b suppose t x _h de/roy$ entirely ! ,atlantis & left no?+ 9 its place b mud4 ,a deity is !n introduc$1 putt+ a /op to ! progress ( ?is black & poison\s sub/ance1 ready1 accord+ to ! ,puranas1 to ov]:elm1 n only ! ,:ite ,isl&1 b ! :ole _w also4 ,! s]p5t ,midg>d1 be+ at ! bottom ( ! sea1 l ,ananta1 & vomit+ torr5ts ( deadly poison1 & surr\nd+ ! _w l ,se%anaga1 is ! subject ( sev]al fundam5tal leg5ds 9 ! my?ology ( ! ,go?s3 b absolutely unkn[n to ! ,greeks & ,romans4 ,?is ,cala-cuta1 or black lump ( poison1 /uck 9 ,siva's ?roat1 l ! apple t ,adam ate1 & occasion$ t protub]ance1 s9ce call$ ,adam's apple or bit4#d #d ,see ,asiatic ,rese>*es1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we h already /at$ t ,siva is usually deem$ ! ?ird p]son ( ! ,h9du triad1 t he repres5ts ! de/ructive en]gy1 & t he appe>s 9 su* a v>iety ( =ms1 & on s _m occasions1 t sc>cely a /ep c be tak5 9 any dep>tm5t :atev] ( ea/]n sci5ce1 art1 or subject ( lit]ature1 )\t enc\nt]+ him 9 "s ( 8 v>i$ *>act]s4 ,! :ole race ( ,h9doos1 x seems1 is divid$ into two classes1 d5ot+ ! wor%ip ( ,siva1 or ( ,vi%nu2 ,brahma1 ! fir/ or creative p[]1 hav+ no wor%ipp]s or temples4 ,^! two classes are also call$ ,saiva-bakht1 & ,vi%nu-bakht4 ,we h also _h occasion to in=m our read]s t de/ruction be+ us$ 9 ! s5se ( r5ovation1 ! "* ( ,siva is t ( ! r5ovator1 or recreator2 associat+ him 9 "* ) ,brahma1 ! produc+ or creative p[]4 ,! v>iety ( relations 9 :i* ?is & ! o!r two memb]s ( ! ,h9du triad appe>--:e!r !y be introduc$ my?ologically1 metaphysically1 or philosophically1 has be5 exhibit$ z foll[s--all ?ree are symbols ( ! sun1 z he is typical ( t great light1 z ! !ologians express x1 :5ce all proce$$1 & to :i* all mu/ return4 ,brahma ,p[] ,creation ,matt] ,! ,pa/ ,e>? ,vi%nu ,wisdom ,pres]vation ,space ,! ,pres5t ,wat] ,siva ,ju/ice ,de/ruction ,"t ,! ,future ,fire ,b ^! *>act]s1 or attributes1 are n exclusively applicable to ! ?ree p[]s1 z indicat$ above4 ,!y coalesce & p>ticipate1 m or less 9 sev]al4 ,an attempt has be5 made to %ew 9 :at degree1 m p>ticul>ly1 !y repres5t _! mat]ial =ms ( e>?1 wat]1 & fire1 ?us3-- ,brahma & ,siva are ,fire1 9 :i* ,vi%nu does n p>ticipate1 ,vi%nu & ,brahma are ,e>?1 9 :i* ,siva or p>ticipates b ,siva & ,vi%nu are ,wat]1 9 :i* ,brahma remotely4 ,9 8 exam9ation ( ! ,v$as1 or ,indian ,scriptures1 ,mr4 ,colebrooke gives ! foll[+ description ( ! deities ( ,india3 ,! deities invok$ appe>1 ^u a cursory inspection ( ! ,v$a1 to be z v>i\s z ! au?ors ( ! pray]s address$ to !m3 b accord+ to ! mo/ anci5t annotations on ! ,indian ,scriptures1 ^! v>i\s names ( p]sons & ?+s1 are all resolvable into diff]5t titles ( ?ree deities1 & ultimately ( "o ,god4 ,! ,nig'hanti1 or ,gloss>y ( ! ,v$as 7:i* is ! fir/ "p ( ! ,niructa71 concludes ) ?ree li/s ( names ( deities3 ! fir/ compris+ su* z are deem$ synonym\s ) ,fire2 ! second ) ,air2 & ! ?ird ) ! ,sun4 ,9 ! la/ "p ( ! ,niructa1 :i* entirely relates to deities1 x is twice ass]t$ t !re are b ?ree gods1 ',tisra eva ,devatah4' ,! fur!r inf]5ce1 t ^! int5d b "o deity1 is support$ by _m passages 9 ! ,v$a2 & is v cle>ly & concisely /at$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! index to ! ,rigv$a1 on ! au?ority ( ! ,niructa1 & ( ! ,v$a itself4 ,aft] cit+ sev]al passages1 ,mr4 ,colebrooke cont9ues3--,! deities are only ?ree1 ^: places are ! e>?1 ! int]m$iate region1 & heav53 namely ,fire1 ,air1 & ! ,sun4 ,!y are pron\nc$ to be deities ( ! my/]i\s names sev]ally2 & 7,prajapati7 ! "l ( creatures is ! deity ( !m collectively4 ,! syllable ,o'm int5ds e deity3 x belongs to 7,p>ama%t'hi7 him :o dwells 9 ! supreme abode2 x p]ta9s to 7,brahma7 ! va/ "o2 to 7,deva7 god2 to 7,ad'hyatma7 ! sup]9t5d+ s\l4 ,o!r deities belong+ to ^? sev]al regions1 are portions ( ! ?ree gods2 = !y are v>i\sly nam$ & describ$ on acc\nt ( _! diff]5t op]ations1 b 9 fact !re is only "o deity1 ! ,great ,s\l 7,mahanatma74 ,he is call$ ! ,sun2 = he is ! s\l ( all be+s2 & t is decl>$ by ! ,sage4 ,! ,sun '! s\l ( 7jagat7 :at moves1 & ( 7ta/'hu%7 t :i* is fix$'2 o!r deities are portions ( him3 & t is expressly decl>$ by ! ,sage1 ',! wise call ,fire1 ,indra1 ,mitra1 & ,v>una1 etc4 ,9 ! ,manava ,sa/ra or ,in/itutes ( ,m5u ! orig9 ( ! ,univ]se is ?us unfold$3 ,x exi/$ only 9 ! fir/ div9e idea1 yet unexp&$1 z if involv$ 9 d>kness1 imp]ceptible1 indef9able1 undiscov]able by reason1 & undiscov]$ by revelation1 z if x 7 :olly imm]s$ 9 sleep4 ,!n ! sole self-exi/+ p[]1 :o _h exi/$ f et]nity1 %one =? 9 p]son1 exp&+ 8 idea & dispell+ ! gloom4 ,) a ?\ght he fir/ creat$ ! wat]s1 & plac$ 9 !m a productive se$3 ?is se$ became an egg1 9 :i* he 0 himself born 9 ! %ape ( ,brahma1 ! great =efa!r ( all spirits4 ,! wat]s are call$ ,n>a1 because !y 7 ! production ( ,n>a1 or ! _s ( ,god3 & s9ce !y 7 8 fir/ ,ayana1 or place ( motion1 he 0 !nce nam$ ,n>ayana1 or mov+ 9 ! wat]s4 ,9 t egg ! great ,p[] sat inactive a :ole ye> ( ! ,creator3 at ! close ( :i*1 by 8 ?\ght alone1 he caus$ ! egg to divide itself1 & f its two divisions fram$ ! _w4 ,! "n giv5 by ! ,indians to _! ,supreme ,deity1 or ,monad1 is ,brahm2 & not)/&+ ! appe>ance ( mat]ialism 9 all _! sacr$ books1 ! ,brahmans nev] admit !y uphold su* a doctr9e1 b inve/ _! deities ) ! highe/ attributes4 ,he is repres5t$ z ! ,va/ ,"o1 self-exi/+1 invisible1 et]nal1 imp]ceptible1 ! only deity1 ! great s\l1 ! ov]-rul+ s\l1 ! s\l ( all be+s1 & ( :om all o!r deities are b portions4 ,to him no sacrifices 7 ev] (f]$2 b he 0 ador$ 9 sil5t m$itation4 ,he triplicates himself into ?ree p]sons or p[]s1 ,brahma1 ,vi%nu1 & ,siva1 & is designat$ by ! ^w ,o',m or r ,,aum4 ,?is ^w ,o',m is a monosyllable ( v pr(\nd import4 ,x is suppos$ to be s holy & awful1 l ! "n ,jehovah ( ! ,jews1 z n to be guiltlessly pron\nc$1 ev5 by a prie/4 ,x mu/ be contemplat$1 or recit$ m5tally2 & x !n is said to excite _m efficaci\s aspirations4 ,?is awful monosyllable is trilit]al1 & p]haps !re=e bett] writt5 ,,aum1 = ?ree ,sanscrit lett]s d 9 fact compose x3 b 9 composition ,a & ,u coalesce 9 ,o4 ,! fir/ lett] is suppos$ to be symbolical ( ,brahma1 ! creative p[] ( ! ,deity2 ! second ( ,vi%nu1 ! pres]v]2 & ! la/ ( ,siva1 ! de/roy] or r5ovator4 ,z all ! inf]ior deities ( ! ,h9doos are avat>as or manife/ation (1 & resolve !mselves into ^? ?ree sup]ior p[]s1 s ^? sup]ior p[]s resolve !mselves ultimately into ,brahm1 or ! supreme be+1 ( :om ! sun is ! mo/ p]fect & glori\s murti1 or image4 ,a comb9ation ( ! ?ree symbolical lett]s =ms1 !re=e1 a hi]oglyphical repres5tation ( ! union ( ! ?ree p[]s or attributes1 & a ^w t1 if utt]$1 w\ld be ne>ly express$ by our lett]s ,a ,u ,m1 or ,o ,o ,m1 dwell+ a little on ea* lett]4 ,a "n ( ,p>vati1 ! consort ( ,siva1 is ,uma or ,ooma1 & x is p]haps h5ce d]ivable2 z well z ,omk>1 "o ( ! mo/ sacr$ places ( pilgrimage 9 ,india1 d$icat$ to ! wor%ip ( ?is my/]i\s union4 ,9 ! ,in/itutes ( ,m5u1 _m v]ses occur d5ot+ ! importance ( ?is monosyllable1 & ( a text ( ! ,v$a closely connect$ ) x1 call$ ! ,gayatri4 ,among ^? v]ses are ! foll[+3 ,*ap4 ii1 v4 #gd4 ,a ,brahman beg9n+ & end+ a lecture on ! ,v$a1 mu/ always pron\nce to himself ! syllable ,,om3 = unless ! syllable ,,om prec$e1 8 le>n+ w slip away f him2 & unless x foll[1 no?+ w be long reta9$4 ,a comm5tator on ?is v]se says1 ,z ! leaf ( ! palasa is support$ by a s+le p$icle1 s is ?is univ]se upheld by ! syllable ,,om1 a symbol ( ! supreme ,brahm4 #gf4 ,brahma milk$ out z x 71 f ! ?ree ,v$as ! lett] ,a1 ! lett] ,u1 & ! lett] ,m1 :i* =m by _! coalition ! trilit]al monosyllable1 toge!r ) ?ree my/]i\s words1 bhur1 bhuva1 & siv]4 ,^! words mean e>?1 sky1 & heav51 & are call$ ! vyahritis4 #gg4 ,f ! ?ree ,v$as1 also1 ! ,"l ( creatures incompreh5sibly exalt$1 successively milk$ out ! ?ree measures ( t ineffable text beg9n+ ) ! ^w tad1 & entitl$ ,savitri or ,gayatri4 #gh4 ,a prie/ :o %all "k ! ,v$a1 & %all pron\nce to himself1 bo? morn+ & ev5+1 t syllable1 & t holy text1 prec$$ by ! ?ree words1 %all atta9 ! sanctity :i* ! ,v$a conf]s4 #gi4 ,& a twice born man :o %all a ?\s& times repeat ^? ?ree 7,,om1 ! vyahritis1 & ! gayatri71 ap>t f ! multitude1 %all be releas$ 9 a mon? f a great (f5ce1 z a snake f 8 sl\gh4 #hj4 ,! prie/1 ! soldi]1 & ! m]*ant1 :o %all neglect ?is my/]i\s text1 & fail to p]=m 9 due season 8 peculi> acts ( piety1 %all meet ) contempt among ! virtu\s4 #ha4 ,! great immutable words prec$$ by ! trilit]al syllable & foll[$ by ! gayatri1 :i* consi/s ( ?ree measures1 mu/ be consid]$ z ! m\? or pr9cipal "p ( ! ,v$a4 #hb4 ,:oev] %all repeat1 day by day1 = ?ree ye>s1 )\t neglig5ce1 t sacr$ text1 %all h]eaft] approa* ! div9e ess5ce1 move freely z air1 & assume an e!real =m4 #hc4 ,! trilit]al monosyllable is an emblem ( ! ,supreme1 ! suppressions ( ! brea? ) a m9d fix$ on ,god are ! highe/ devotion2 b no?+ is m exalt$ ?an ! gayatri4 ,! suppression ( ! brea? is ?us p]=m$ by ! prie/3 clos+ ! left no/ril ) ! two longe/ f+]s ( ! "r h&1 he draws 8 brea? ?r\gh ! "r no/ril2 !n clos+ t no/ril likewise ) 8 ?umb1 holds 8 brea? :ile he m$itates ! text3 he !n raises bo? f+]s (f ! left no/ril1 & emits ! suppress$ brea?1 hav+1 dur+ its suppression1 repeat$ to himself ! gayatri1 ! vyahritis1 ! trilit]al monosyllable1 & ! sacr$ text ( ,brahm4 ,by an anci5t legislator x is said to imply ! foll[+ m$itation3 ,,om6 e>?6 sky6 heav56 mansion ( ! bless$6 abode ( tru?6--,we m$itate on ! adorable light ( ! respl5d5t ,g5]ator :i* gov]ns our intellects3 :i* is wat]1 lu/re1 sav\r1 immortal1 faculty ( ?\ght1 ,brahm1 e>?1 sky1 heav54 ,! words 9 italics are v ne>ly ! gayatri4 ,*ap4 vi41 v4 #gj4 ,ev5 ?ree suppressions ( brea?1 made accord+ to ! div9e rule1 accompani$ by ! trilit]al phrase 7bhurbhuvaswah71 & ! trilit]al syllable 7,,om71 may be consid]$ z ! highe/ devotion ( a ,brahman4 #ga4 ,= z ! dross & impurities ( metallic ores are consum$ by fire1 ?us are ! s9ful acts ( ! human organ consum$ by ! suppression ( brea?1 :ile ! my/ic words & ! measures ( ! ,gayatri are revolv$ 9 ! m9d4 ,! extreme importance t ! ,h9doos atta* to ! gayatri1 r5d]s x a text ( m curiosity ?an p]haps a g5]al read] w be able to discov] 9 ! words !mselves1 9 ei!r _! famili> or recondite mean+4 ,x is1 l ! holy monosyllable1 to be m5tally revolv$1 nev] articulat$4 ,x is taught1 z we h se5 9 ! prec$+ extracts f ! ,m5u1 to ! ?ree fir/ classes1 t is1 to ! ,brahman1 or prie/hood2 to ! ,k%etriya1 or soldi]2 & to ! ,vaisya1 or m]*ant2 b n to ! ,sudra1 or lab\r]1 nor to individuals ( ! ?ree fir/ nam$ classes if r5d]$ by vici\s prop5sities unwor?y ( ! 'second bir?1' promis$ 9 ! hol9ess ( ?is my/]i\s reg5]ation4 ,fa/+1 ablution1 pray]1 alms-giv+1 & o!r comm5dable acts1 are necess>y prelim9>ies & accompanim5ts to initiation 9 ! my/]ies ( ?is 'ineffable text1' :i* is done by ! ,guru1 or spiritual preceptor1 9 a rev]5t & secret mann]4 ,9 ! ,v$as ! text occurs sev]al times1 & translations ( x by diff]5t ,sanscrit s*ol>s are giv51 ) _m p>ticul>s ( x & o!r my/]i\s po9ts 9 ! ,h9doo ,pan!on4 ,!re is no d\bt1 says ! au?or ( t "w1 b t pi\s ,brahmans w\ld be v deeply %ock$ at he>+ ! gayatri d5i$ by unholy articulation1 ev5 if express$ 9 ! mo/ respectful mann]2 & _m w\ld be di/ress$ at kn[+ ! *>act]s1 s\nd1 & mean+1 to be 9 ! possession ( p]sons out ( ! pale ( sanctity4 ,a g5tleman on ! we/]n side ( ,india1 unaw>e ( ! result1 began once to recite x audibly 9 ! pres5ce ( a pi\s ,p&it3 ! a/oni%$ prie/ /opp$ 8 e>s1 & ha/5$ t]rifi$ f 8 pres5ce4 ,9 ! frontispiece to t "w1 ! "* or symbol is giv5 t w\ld1 if utt]$1 yield ! s\nd ( ,,om4 ,! au?or says he once %ew$ x to a ,brahman1 :o sil5tly av]t$ 8 face1 evid5tly pa9$ at :at he unwill+ly saw4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,h9doo deities h vehicles assign$ = ! conveyance ( !mselves & wives4 ,^! are call$ vahan4 ,! vahan ( ,siva is a bull1 call$ ,n&i4 ,!y h likewise peculi> symbols or attributes3 ^? t m p>ticul>ly designate ,siva1 8 sakti1 or any?+ connect$ ) !m are ! ,l+a1 or phallus1 & ! ,trisula or ,trid5t4 ,! phallic emblem d5otes 8 presid+ ov] g5]ation1 rem9d+ u ( ! ,jupit] ,g5itor ( we/]n my?ologi/s1 ) :om ,sir ,william ,jones id5tifies ! ,siva ( ! ,ea/4 ,! ,jupit] ,m>9us1 or ,neptune ( ! ,romans1 resembles ,mahadeva 7,siva7 9 8 g5]ative "*2 especially z ! ,h9doo god is ! husb& ( ,p>vati1 ^: relation to ! wat]s is evid5tly m>k$ by h] image be+ re/or$ to !m at ! conclusion ( ! great fe/ival1 call$ ,durgotsava4 ,%e is kn[n to h attributes exactly simil> to ^? ( ,v5us ,m>9a1 ^: bir? f ! sea-foam1 & spl5did rise f ! c\* 9 :i* %e _h be5 cradl$1 h (f]$ s _m *>m+ subjects to anci5t & mod]n arti/s4#e #e ,asiatic ,rese>*es1 vol4 ,i4 ,ano!r writ]1 ,mr4 ,pat]son1 (f]s a passage descriptive ( ! "* & attributes ( ,siva4 ,to ,siva1 he says1 are giv5 ?ree eyes1 probably to d5ote 8 view ( ! ?ree divisions ( "t2 ! pa/1 ! pres5t1 & ! future4 ,a cresc5t on 8 =ehead1 p\rtrays ! measure ( "t by ! phases ( ! moon2 a s]p5t =ms a necklace to d5ote ! measure ( "t by ye>s2 a second necklace =m$ ( human skulls m>ks ! lapse & revolution ( ages1 & ! ext9ction & succession ( ! g5]ations ( mank9d4 ,he holds a trid5t1 to %[ t ! great attributes are 9 him assembl$ & unit$2 9 ano!r is a k9d ( rattle1 %ap$ l an h\r glass1 & ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t x 0 at fir/ int5d$ z su*1 s9ce x agrees ) ! "* ( ! deity2 & a s& gh]i is m5tion$ 9 ! ,sa/ra z a mode ( measur+ "t4 ,9 ! hi]oglyphic ( ,maha ,pralaya1 or gr& consummation ( ?+s1 :5 "t itself %all be no m1 he is repres5t$ z trodd5 "u foot by ,mahakala1 or et]nity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a writ] 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,review = ,febru>y1 #ahaa1 says3--,! mo/ anci5t wor%ip ( :i* any trace is left 9 ,h9du/an1 is t ( ,osiris or ,bac*us1 ^: ,indian names are ,isw>a & ,baghesa4 ,9 him1 & 9 ! gods ( 8 family1 or l9eage1 we recognise ! div9ities ador$ by ! anci5t ,egyptians4 ,t ,osiris & ,bac*us 7 ! same div9ity1 is atte/$ by ! unanim\s suffrage ( all ! writ]s ( antiquity4 ,b ! mo/ anci5t ,bac*us 0 n celebrat$ z ! god ( w9e1 a "* ascrib$ to t div9ity 9 lat] times4 ,! ,egyptians ass]t t ,osiris conqu]$ ,india2 & inde$ 8 exp$ition to t region is ! subject ( ! celebrat$ epic poem ( ,nonnus4 ,we by no means cont5d = ! reality ( ^! exp$itions2 b x is an indisputable fact t ! wor%ip ( ,osiris1 di/+ui%$ by ! same attributes & emblems1 has cont9u$ 9 ,india f ! e>lie/ ages to ?is day1 "u ! appellation ( ,isw>a4 ,?is1 we ?9k1 may be completely prov$ by a comp>ative survey ( bo?1 be=e1 z patron ( ! v9e1 he assum$ 9 ,europe a new "*4 ,osiris 0 ador$ 9 ,egypt1 & ,bac*us 9 ,greece1 "u ! emblem ( ! ,phallus4 ,x is "u ! same emblem t he is /ill v5]at$ 9 ,h9du/an2 & ,phalla is "o ( ! names ( ,isw>a 9 ! diction>y ( ,am>a ,s+ha4 ,! bull 0 sacr$ to him 9 ,egypt4 ,plut>* assures u t sev]al nations ( ,greece depict ,bac*us ) a bull's head2 & t :5 he is invok$ by ! wom5 ( ,elis !y pray him to ha/5 to _! relief on ! feet ( a bull4 ,9 ,india he is (t5 se5 m\nt$ on a bull2 h5ce "o ( 8 ,sanscrit names ,vri%adwaja1 signify+1 ^: ensign is a bull4 ,plut>* in=m u t ',nilum patrem ac s]vatorem suae regionis1 ac defluxum ,osiridis nom9ant4' ,! ,ganges 9 l mann] is fabl$ by ! ,h9doos to fl[ f ! tresses ( ,siva2 h5ce ano!r ( 8 names1 ,gangadh>a1 ! support] ( ! ,ganges4 ,we conceive by ! way1 t ,scalig] & ,seld5 are mi/ak5 9 suppos+ t ,siris1 ! ,egyptian "n ( ! ,nile1 is synonym\s ) ,osiris4 ,siris seems to u ! ,sanscrit ^w ,s>as1 a riv] 9 g5]al1 or ! riv]1 f its imput$ sup]iority4 ,isis is ! consort ( ,osiris2 ,isa t ( ,isw>a1 or ,siva4 ,! attributes ( ! goddesses might be %[n to correspond z precisely z ^? ( _! lords4 ,! att5dants ( ,isw>a resemble1 9 _! frantic demean\r1 ! furi\s ,bac*ants ( ! god ( ,naxos4 ,_m tribes ( imag9>y be+s compose 8 tra94 ,! ,prama?a1 ^: "n d5otes intoxication2 & ! ,jac*i1 f :om he d]ives ! appellation ( ,jac*eo1 or "l ( ! ,jac*i1 corrupt$ into ,jac*us1 by 8 we/]n vot>ies4 ,x is rem>kable t _m ( ! appellations by :i* ! ,greeks di/+ui% ,bac*us1 are also us$ by ! ,h9dus2 b in/ead ( apply+ !m to ,baghesa himself1 ! latt] ref] !m to 8 son1 :il/ bo? nations h _! leg5ds to acc\nt = !m4 ,?us ! ,greeks "n ,bac*us1 ,dimet]1 hav+ two mo!rs2 ! ,h9dus call ,sc&ha1 ! son ( ,baghesa1 ,divimatri1 ) ! same signification4 ,pyrig5es1 born f fire2 & its equival5t 9 ,sanscrit--,agnija1 are respectively ,greek & ,indian appellatives ( ,bac*us & ( ,sc&ha4 ,! title ( ,?riambus we are told by ,diodorus1 0 assum$ by ! ,greek ,deity 9 8 triumph aft] ! conque/ ( ,india4 ,tryambo1 9 l-mann]1 is "o ( ! mo/ common appellations ( ! ,indian ,bac*us1 b we are n aw>e ( its signification4 ,we believe we h done m ?an 0 requisite to prove ! id5tity ( ! ,egyptian1 ,grecian1 & ,indian ,div9ity2 = our read]s w rem>k t our pro(s d n re/ 9 ?is in/ance1 on analogy ( s\nds1 :i* may und\bt$ly be =tuit\s1 b on t analogy1 comb9$ ) ! unity ( ! attributes d5ot$ by ^? names1 :i* x is impossible %\ld be accid5tal4 ,!re are five k9ds ( temples among ! ,h9doos1 "o ( :i* is d$icat$ exclusively to ! l+a1 ano!r to ,jugunna?u1 & ano!r is appropriat$ to ! images ( any ( ! gods or goddesses4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is call$ by ! g5]al "n ( ,mundiru2 ! second ,daool1 & ! ?ird ,yorubangala4 ,! names ( ! o!r two are ,pun*u-rutnu1 & ,nuvu-rutnu1 9 :i* ! images ( diff]5t gods & goddesses are plac$1 accord+ to ! wi% ( ! own]4 ,! ,mundiru is a d\ble ro($ build+1 ! upp] ro( %ort & tap]+4 ,x conta9s only "o room1 9 :i* is plac$ ! image ( ! l+a4 ,x is asc5d$ by /eps4 ,! floor is ab\t ?ree cubits by f\r4 ,on ! ro( are plac$ ?ree trid5ts4 ,! build+ is ( ! ,go?ic ord]1 z well z mo/ ( ! o!r pyramidical temples ( ! ,h9doos4 ,"s ( ! temples ( ! l+a conta9 two1 ?ree1 or m rooms1 ar*$ ov] 9 ! ,go?ic mann]1 ) a por* 9 front = spectators4 ,! rooms 9 :i* ! image is n plac$ conta9 ! ?+s ) :i* ! c]emonies ( wor%ip are p]=m$1 ! (f]+s1 etc4 ,"s ri* m5 z an act ( m]it1 build "o1 & o!rs1 erect f\r1 six1 twelve1 or m ( ^! temples 9 "o place4 ,"s great l&[n]s build a great] numb]1 & employ ,brahm9s to p]=m ! daily c]emonies4 ,! relict ( raja ,tiluku-,*undru1 ( ,burdwan1 built "o hundr$ & eight temples 9 "o pla91 & plac$ 9 !m z _m images ( ! l+a1 appo9t+ elev5 ,brahm9s1 ) o!r inf]ior s]vants1 to p]=m ! daily c]emonies be=e ^! images4 ,%e pres5t$ to ^! temples e/ates to ! am\nt ( ! wages ( ^! p]sons1 ! daily (f]+s1 etc4 ,_m p]sons build flights ( /eps d[n ! banks to ! riv] side1 = ! b5efit ( p]sons com+ to ba!1 & v (t5 also build a r[ ( temples = ! l+a 9 front ( ^! /eps1 two1 f\r1 or six on ea* side1 & a ro( support$ by pill>s imm$iately opposite ! /eps4 ,at ! pres5t day1 mo/ ( ! p]sons :o build ^! temples are ! head-s]vants ( ,europeans1 :o appropriate a "p ( _! =tunes to ^! acts ( suppos$ m]it4 ,ne> ,s]ampore a ri* ,h9doo built twelve l+a temples1 & a flight ( /eps1 & on ! opposite side ( ! riv]1 he built a h\se = 8 mi/ress1 )\t any suspicion ( ! latt] action spoil+ ! =m]4 ,small squ>e temples = ! l+a ) flat ro(s are erect$ 9 r[s on ! "r & left be=e ! h\ses ( ri* m51 or be=e a college1 or a consecrat$ pool ( wat]1 or be=e ! desc5t to a flight ( /eps4 ,v small temples l ! ,mundiru1 two1 ?ree1 or five cubits high only1 & conta9+ a l+a ab\t a foot 9 height1 are to be se5 at ,b5>es4 ,"s p]sons build ne> ! temples ( ! l+a1 a small h\se1 op5 9 front1 = ! accommodation ( su* p]sons :o wi% to die 9 sight ( ! riv]2 & o!rs build a temple1 adjo9+ to t built = ! l+a1 & d$icate x "s o!r idol4 ,^! temples ( ! l+a are to be se5 9 great numb]s on bo? sides ( ! ,ganges1 especially 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,calcutta4 ,! m]it ( build+ !m ne> ! riv] is great] ?an 9 ! int]ior ( ! c\ntry1 & if 9 a place ( ! riv] peculi>ly sacr$1 ! m]it becomes ! great]4 ,! we/ side ( ! riv] is m sacr$ ?an ! ea/4 ,! exp5se ( "o ( ^! temples1 if a s+le room1 am\nts to ab\t two hundr$ rupees1 & ! wages & daily (f]+s to "o l+a am\nt to ab\t ?ree rupees p] mon?4 ,"s give ! brahm9 :o (ficiates twelve anas1 & o!rs a rupee p] mon?1 ) 8 food & clo!s4 ,sometimes ! (f]+s are giv5 to him = 8 food1 b 9 o!r cases !y are pres5t$ to ! brahm9s ( ! village alt]nately1 & ! prie/ has money giv5 him 9 _! /ead4 ,^! (f]+s consi/ ( a p\nd ( rice1 a p9t ( milk1 half an ounce ( sug>1 & two planta9s4 ,! quantity1 h[ev]1 is n prescrib$1 & o!r ?+s are articl$ by "s p]sons4 ,! daily c]emonies are3--,9 ! morn+ ! (ficiat+ brahm91 aft] ba?+1 goes into ! temple & b[s to ,siva4 ,he !n ano9ts ! image ) cl>ifi$ butt] or boil$ oil1 aft] :i*1 ) wat] :i* has n be5 defil$ by ! t\* ( a %oodru1 nor ( a brahm9 :o has n ba!d1 he ba!s ! image by p\r+ wat] on x1 & aft]w>ds wipes x ) a t[el4 ,he next gr9ds "s :ite p[d] 9 wat]1 & dipp+ ! ends ( 8 ?ree =e-f+]s 9 x1 draws !m across ! l+a1 m>k+ x z ! wor%ipp]s ( ,siva m>k _! =eheads4 ,next he sits d[n be=e ! image1 &1 %utt+ 8 eyes1 m$itates on ! "w he is comm5c+2 !n puts rice & doorva grass on ! l+a2 next a fl[] on 8 own head1 & !n on top ( ! l+a2 !n ano!r fl[] on ! l+a2 !n o!rs "o by "o1 repeat+ incantations2 !n :ite p[d]1 fl[]s1 vilwu leaves1 inc5se1 meat-(f]+s1 & a lamp be=e ! l+a2 next "s rice & a planta92 !n he repeats ! "n ( ,siva1 ) "s =m ( praise1 & at la/ he pro/rates himself be=e ! image4 ,! c]emonies 9 ! h&s ( a secul> p]son1 are dis*>g$ 9 a few m9utes2 if p]=m$ by a p]son :o has suffici5t leisure he sp5ds an h\r 9 !m4 ,9 ! ev5+ ! (ficiat+ brahm9 goes aga9 to ! temple1 aft] wa%+ 8 feet1 etc41 & pro/rates himself at ! door2 !n op5+ ! door he places 9 ! temple a lamp1 &1 z an ev5+ oblation1 pres5ts to ! image a little milk1 "s sweet-meats1 fruit1 etc41 t is1 su* ?+s z a ,h9doo eats & dr9ks at ^? times :5 he does n eat 8 regul> meals4 ,! wor%ip ( ! day closes ) pro/ration to ! image1 :5 ! brahm9 locks ! door & comes away4 ,at ?is temple on ! #ad? ( ! increase ( ! moon1 9 ! mon? ,phalgoonu1 9 ! night1 a fe/ival 9 hon\r ( ,siva is kept4 ,on ?is occasion ! image is ba!d f\r times1 & f\r sep>ate pujas p]=m$ dur+ ! night4 ,be=e ! temple ,siva's wor%ipp]s dance1 s+1 & revel all night1 amid/ ! horrid d9 ( _! music4 ,! occasion ( ?is fe/ival is ?us relat$ 9 ! puranas3--,a bird-cat*] 0 deta9$ 9 a wild]ness 9 a d>k night1 & took refuge 9 a vilwu tree "u :i* 0 an image ( ! l+a4 ,by %ak+ ! b\ghs ( ! trees ! leaves & drops ( dew fell ^u ! image1 ) :i* ,siva 0 s pleas$1 t he decl>$1 t :oev] %\ld f t "t p]=m ! wor%ip ( ! l+a on t night1 he %\ld d an act ( unb\nd$ m]it4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,h9du evid5ce respect+ ! orig9 ( ,phallic wor%ip--,leg5d ( ! w\nd$ ,h>a--,! f\r sects ( wor%ipp]s in/itut$ by ,brahma--,resumption ( ! ,l+am by ,siva--,siva & ,p>vati propitiat$--,visit ( ,bhrigu to ,siva--,! ,la+a ,puran on ! orig9 ( ,l+am wor%ip--,abolition ( wor%ip ( ,brahma--,moral "* ( ,h9du wor%ip--,pr(ligate sects--,egyptian ,phallus--,bac*us--,te/imony ( ,t]tullian & ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria--,dionysus--,directions = wor%ip--,unsatisfactory leg5ds--,leg5d ( ,bhima--,! f\r? avat> ( ,vi%nu--,visit ( ,capta9 ,mack5zie to ! ,pagoda at ,p]wuttum4 ,s f> z ,h9du my?ology is conc]n$1 we f9d ample & int]e/+ evid5ce respect+ ! orig9 ( ,phallic wor%ip 9 ! ,ea/1 9 ! =m ( ! adoration ( ! l+am4 ,?us 9 ! ,vamana ,purana we are enlight5$ z foll[s3--,!n ,h>a1 w\nd$ by ! arr[s ( ,kama1 w&]$ into a deep =e/1 nam$ ,d>uvanam1 :]e holy sages & _! wives resid$4 ,! sages on behold+ ,%iva1 salut$ him ) b5d$ heads1 & he1 we>i$1 said to !m1--',give me alms4' ,?us he w5t begg+ r\nd ! diff]5t h]mitages2 &1 :]ev] he came1 ! m9ds ( ! sages' wives1 on see+ him1 became di/urb$ & agitat$ ) ! pa9 ( love1 & all comm5c$ to foll[ him4 ,b :5 ! sages saw _! holy dwell+s ?us des]t$1 !y exclaim$1--',may ! l+am ( ?is man fall to ! gr\nd6' ,t in/ant ! l+am ( ,%iva fell to ! gr\nd2 & ! god imm$iately disappe>$4 ,! l+am1 !n1 z x fell1 p5etrat$ ?r\gh ! l[] worlds1 & increas$ 9 height until its top t[]$ above ! heav5s2 ! e>? quak$1 & all ?+s movable & immovable 7 agitat$4 ,on p]ceiv+ :i* ,brahma ha/5$ to ! sea ( milk1 & said to ,vi%nu1--',say1 :y does ! univ]se ?us tremble8' ,h>a repli$1--',on acc\nt ( ! fall+ ( ,%iva's l+am1 9 consequ5ce ( ! curse ( ! holy & div9e sages4' ,on he>+ ( ?is mo/ wond]ful ev5t1 ,brahma said1--',let u g & behold ?is l+am4' ,! two gods !n repair$ to ,d>uvanam2 & on behold+ x )\t beg9n+ or end1 ,vi%nu m\nt$ ! k+ ( birds & desc5d$ into ! l[] regions 9 ord] to asc]ta9 its base2 & = ! purpose ( discov]+ its top1 ,brahma 9 a lotos c> asc5d$ ! heav5s3 b !y return$ f _! se>* we>i$ & disappo9t$1 & toge!r approa*+ ! l+am1 ) due rev]5ce & praises1 entreat$ ,%iva to resume 8 l+am4 ,?us propitiat$1 t god appe>$ 9 8 own =m & said1--',if gods & m5 w wor%ip my l+am1 ,i w resume x2 b n o!rwise4 7,9 ! ,nag> ,kh& ( ! ,sk&a ,puran1 x is said t ,%iva1 afflict$ = ! loss ( ,sati1 ?us repli$3--',o gods6 x 0 9 consequ5ce ( ! grief :i* ,i suff] 9 be+ sep>at$ f ,sati t ,i ca/ away ?is l+am1 app>5tly fall5 ?r\gh ! curse ( ! sages2 b1 _h ,i n will$ x1 :o is !re 9 ! ?ree worlds t c\ld h depriv$ me ( x8 :y !n %\ld ,i resume x8'7 ,to ?is proposal ,vi%nu1 ,brahma1 & ! gods ass5t$2 & ,brahma divid$ its wor%ipp]s into f\r sects1 ! pr9cipal "o ( ^?1 t :i* simply wor%ips ,%iva "u ! symbol ( ! l+am2 ! second1 t ( ,pa%upati2 ! ?ird1 ( ,mahakala2 & ! f\r?1 ! ,kapali2 & reveal$ f 8 own m\? ! ord9ances by :i* ?is wor%ip 0 to be regulat$4 ,brahma & ! gods !n dep>t$1 & ,%iva1 hav+ resum$ ! l+am1 0 also leav+ ! spot1 :5 he beheld ,kama at a di/ance2 &1 inc5s$ ) ang] on rememb]+ ! pa9s :i* he _h endur$1 look$ at him ) 8 _w-consum+ eye & r$uc$ him to a%es4 ,*apt] #f4 ,! resumption ( ! l+am by ,%iva1 rem>ks ,vans ,k5n$y 9 8 rese>*es into ,h9du ,my?ology1 is relat$ diff]5tly 9 ! ,%iva ,puran1 :i* acc\nt expla9s ! reason ( ! p>ticul> =m1 "u :i* t symbol is repres5t$4 ,! ,%iva ,puran acc\nt says3--',on fall+ 9 consequ5ce ( ! sages' curse1 ! l+am became l fire1 & caus$ a conflagration :]ev] x p5etrat$2 ! ?ree worlds 7 di/ress$1 & z nei!r gods nor sages c\ld f9d re/1 !y ha/5$ = protection to ,brahma4 ,hav+ he>d !m relate all t _h happ5$1 ,brahma repli$3--',aft] hav+ committ$ kn[+ly a repreh5sible act1 :y say t x 0 done unkn[+ly8 ,= :o t is adv]se to ,%iva %all enjoy happ9ess1 & yet :5 he came z a gue/ at noon-day y receiv$ him n ) due hon\rs4 ,b e "o %all reap ! fruit ( 8 good or bad actions1 & ! l+am !re=e %all n cease to di/ress ! ?ree worlds until x is resum$ by t god4 ,d ye1 !re=e1 adopt su* means z y ?9k be/ = re/or+ tranquility to ! univ]se4' ,! gods said1--',b1 ,o ,"l6 :at means ought we to adopt8' ,brahma repli$1--',propitiate by adoration ! m\nta9-born goddess1 & %e w !n assume ! =m ( ! yoni & receive ?is l+am1 by :i* means alone x c be r5d]$ innocu\s4 ,%\ld y ?us obta9 h] fav\rable assi/ance1 !n =m a vessel ( ! eight k9ds ( leaves1 place 9 x boil$ rice & sacr$ plants2 & hav+ fill$ x ) holy wat]1 consecrate ! :ole ) ! prop] pray]s & invocations1 & ) ?is wat]1 repeat+ at ! same "t suitable pray]s1 spr9kle ! l+am4 ,aft]1 also1 ,p>vati %all h "u ! =m ( ! yoni receiv$ ! l+am1 d y erect & consecrate ! =m ( a l+am 9 ! yoni2 &1 by wor%ipp+ x ) (f]+s ( fl[]s1 p]fumes1 & su* ?+s1 by k9dl+ lamps be=e x1 & by s++ & music1 propitiate ,mahe%w>a1 & ?us w ! =giv5ess & fav\r ( t god be und\bt$ly obta9$4' ,hav+ he>d ^! words1 ! gods & sages ha/5$ to implore ! protection ( ,%iva & ! assi/ance ( ,p>vati1 z direct$ by ,brahma2 & ^! deities hav+ be5 propitiat$1 ,p>vati1 "u ! =m ( ! yoni1 receiv$ ! l+am & ?us appeas$ its consum+ fire2 & 9 commemoration ( ?is ev5t 0 in/itut$ ! wor%ip ( ! l+am4' ,! ,padma ,puran ascribes ! orig9 ( ! p>ticul> =m "u :i* ?is symbol is repres5t$1 to ! effects ( a curse imprecat$ on ,%iva by ,bhrigu4 ,x is !re said t1 :51 ,bhrigu 0 s5t to asc]ta9 ! preem95ce ( ! ?ree gods1 on arriv+ at ,kailasa he ?us address$ ,%iva's door-keep]3--,quickly in=m ,%ank>a t ,i1 ! ,brahman ,bhrigu1 am come to see him4 ,b ! door-keep] said1--',/op1 /op1 if ?\ wi%e/ to pres]ve ?y life2 = my "l _c be approa*$ at pres5t1 z he is engag$ 9 amor\s dalliance ) ,devi4' ,! div9e sage be+ ?us d5i$ access1 wait$ "s "t at ! gate ( ,%iva's abode1 & at l5g? inc5s$ ) ang] imprecat$ ?is curse3--',s9ce ?\1 ,o ,%ank>a6 ha/ ?us treat$ me ) contempt1 9 consequ5ce ( ?y pref]r+ ! embraces ( ,p>vati1 y\r =ms %all on t acc\nt become ! l+am 9 ! yoni4' ,x is g5]ally und]/ood t x 0 9 consequ5ce ( ?is curse1 t ,%iva 0 depriv$ ( 8 l+am 9 ! ,d>uvanan1 & t ,p>vati assum$ ! =m ( ! yoni 9 ord] to receive & r5d] x innocu\s4 ,! ,la+a ,puran relates ! orig9 ( ! wor%ip ( ! l+a1 diff]5tly4 ,brahma1 address+ ! angels4--',:5 ,i sprang into exi/5ce1 ,i beheld ! mighty ,n>ayana repos+ on ! abyss ( wat]s2 &1 be+ "u ! influ5ce ( delusion1 awak5$ him ) my h& & ?us address$ him1--',:o art ?\ t ?us slumb]e/ on ?is t]rible ocean8' ,h>i awoke1 & dispell+ sleep f 8 lotos eyes1 look$ ^u me1 & !n aris+ said1--',welcome1 welcome1 ,o ,pitamaha6 my de> son6' ,on he>+ ! fir/ ( gods smil+ ?us speak1 ,i1 conf9$ )9 ! bonds ( ! quality ( impurity1 repli$1--',:y do/ ?\ say my de> son8 = "k me to be ! et]nal god1 ! univ]sal _s1 ! creator1 pres]v]1 & de/roy] ( ! ?ree worlds4' ,b he imm$iately answ]$1--',he> ! tru?1 ,o f\r-fac$6 & le>n t x is ,i :o am ! creator1 ! pres]v]1 & ! de/roy]1 h[ can/ ?\ ?us =get ,nay>ana ! self exi/5t & et]nal ,brahm8 b ?\ committe/ no fault1 = ?y error proce$s f ! delusion ( ,maya4' ,h5ce arose betwe5 u a t]rible combat amid/ ! wat]s ( ! deluge1 :51 to appease ! conte/ & recall u to our s5ses1 appe>$ a l+am blaz+ l a ?\s& suns4 ,bewild]$ by its radiant beams1 ,h>i ?us said to me1 lo/ 9 amazem5t1--',i w proce$ d[nw>ds 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! t]m9ation ( ?is wondr\s column ( fire1 d ?\1 ,o ,"l6 proce$ upw>ds & seek = its top4' ,hav+ ?us spok51 he assum$ ! =m ( a bo>1 & ,i t ( a swan1 & we bo? prosecut$ our se>* = f\r ?\s& ye>s b be+ unable to asc]ta9 its t]m9ations1 we !n return$ back we>i$ & disappo9t$4 ,?us /ill "u ! influ5ce ( delusion1 we pro/rat$ ourselves be=e ! l+am1 & 7 reflect+ on :at x c\ld be1 :5 we he>d a voice1 say+1 om1 om1 om1--& %ortly aft] appe>$ ,%iva 9 ! mid/ ( t column ( fire4' ,9 commemoration ( ?is ev5t1 !re=e1 0 ! wor%ip ( ! l+am in/itut$4 ,! ,sk&e ,puran relates t ! abolition ( ! wor%ip ( ,brahma is at ! pres5t day g5]ally attribut$ to ! inevitable consequ5ces result+ f ! curse ( ,%iva4 ,! l+am ( ,%iva1 hav+ 9 ,d>uvanam fall5 on ! gr\nd 9 consequ5ce ( ! curse ( ! holy sages1 in/antly increas$ 9 size1 until its base w5t f> beyond ! l[e/ pr(\nd1 & its head t[]$ above ! heav5s2 & ,brahma1 ,vi%nu1 ,indra1 & all ! gods1 hav+ ha/5$ to behold ?is wond]1 ?us spoke to "o ano!r3--',:at c be its l5g? & brea?8 ,:]e c be situat$ its top & base8' ,hav+ ?us consid]$1 ! gods said1--',o ,vi%nu6 d ?\ asc]ta9 ! base ( ?is l+am1 & ,o ,lotos-born1 d ?\ discov] its head1 & let ?is be ! place :]e y %all return to relate :at y may h se54' ,hav+ he>d ^! words1 ,vi%nu proce$$ to ,t>t>us1 & ,brahma to heav52 b high z he asc5d$1 ,pitamaha c\ld n p]ceive ! head ( t l+am1 & he 0 !re=e return+ & _h arriv$ at ! top ( ,m]u1 :5 ,surabhi1 z he recl9$ "u ! %ade ( a ketaki tree1 saw him & ?us spoke1--',:]e ha/ ?\ gone1 ,o ,brahma6 :5ce do/ ?\ return8 ,say1 c ,i d any?+ = y8' ,brahma smil+1 repli$1--',i h be5 s5t by ! gods to discov] ! head ( ?is wond]ful l+am :i* fills ! ?ree worlds1 b ,i h n be5 able to rea* x4 ,:at1 !re=e1 %all ,i say to !m :5 ,i return2 =1 if ,i falsely ass]t t ,i h se5 its top1 !y w require witnesses to atte/ ! tru? ( x8 ,d ?\1 !n1 ) ?is ketaki1 give te/imony to :at ,i %all decl>e4' ,surabhi & ! ketaki tree cons5t$ to act z ,brahma desir$2 & he1 hav+ made ?is agreem5t1 proce$$ to :]e ! angels _h rema9$1 & ?us address$ !m3--',o gods6 ,i h se5 ! top ( ?is l+am1 :i* is spaci\s1 pure1 delightful1 adorn$ ) ! leaves ( ! ketaki1 & wond]ful to behold1 b )\t my assi/ance no "o c see x4' ,on he>+ ^! words ! immortals 7 a/oni%$1 & ,vi%nu said1--',?is is mo/ surpris+2 = ,i h p5etrat$ ?r\gh all ! l[] worlds1 & h n be5 able to discov] its base2 b mo/ assur$ly ?is l+am =m ( ,mahadeva has nei!r beg9n+1 nor middle1 nor end2 = x 0 ?r\gh 8 div9e w t y1 ,o gods & holy sages6 7 produc$1 & also ?is univ]se ) all t x conta9s1 movable & immovable2 & 9 ?is l+am ( ! "l is c5tr$ creation1 pres]vation1 & de/ruction4' ,brahma !n said1--',o ,vi%nu6 :y art ?\ surpris$ t ,i h se5 ! top1 because ?\ ha/ n be5 able to rea* ! base ( ?is l+am2 b :at pro( do/ ?\ require to conv9ce !e t ,i h se5 x8' ,vi%nu1 smil+1 repli$1--',expla91 ,o ,brahma6 h[ ?\ c\ld'/ h se5 ! head 9 heav51 :ile ,i c\ld n discov] ! base 9 ,t>t>us2 b if ?is be really ! case1 :o are ! witnesses to y\r hav+ se5 x8' ,brahma quickly repli$1--',! ketaki & ,surabhi2 ^!1 ,o ye gods6 w atte/ t ,i speak ! tru?4' ,! immortals !n imm$iately s5t = !m2 & :5 !y arriv$1 ,surabhi & ! ketaki decl>$ t ,brahma _h actually se5 ! top ( ! l+am4 ,at ?is in/ant a voice 0 he>d f heav51 say+1--',"k1 ,o ,suras6 t ,surabhi & ! ketaki h spok5 falsely1 = ,brahma has n se5 its top4' ,! immortals !n imprecat$ ?is curse on ,surabhi1--',s9ce ?\ ha/ ) ?y m\? utt]$ a falsehood1 may ?y m\? be h5ce=? deem$ impure6' & on ! ketaki1--',?\gh ?\ smelle/ sweetly1 maye/ ?\ be consid]$ unwor?y to be (f]$ to ,%iva6' ,aft] ! gods _h ceas$ speak+1 ! voice f heav5 ?us curs$ ,brahma3--',s9ce ?\ ha/ *ildi%ly & ) weak und]/&+ ass]t$ a falsehood1 let no "o h5ce=? p]=m wor%ip to !e4' ,lieut5ant ,colonel ,vans ,k5n$y rem>ks t ^! are ! only acc\nts ( ! orig9 ( ?is wor%ip :i* occur 9 ! ,puranas1 b ,mr4 ,w>d 9 8 ,acc\nt ( ! ,writ+s1 ,religion1 c41 ( ! ,h9dus1 says3--,!re are sev]al /ories 9 ! ,puranas respect+ ! orig9 ( ! l+am wor%ip1 ?ree ( :i* ,i _h translat$1 & actually ins]t$ 9 ?is "w1 leav+ out z mu* z possible ( _! (f5sive p>ts2 b 9 correct+ ! pro(s1 !y appe>$ too gross1 ev5 :5 ref9$ z mu* z possible1 to meet ! public eye4 ,lieut5ant ,k5n$y allud+ to ?is1 says3--,mr4 ,w>d takes e opportunity ( object+ indec5cy & obsc5ity to ! ,h9du my?ology2 b1 aft] a mo/ att5tive exam9ation ( ! subject1 ,i h n be5 able to discov]1 unless call+ a spade a spade be consid]$ a suffici5t gr\nd1 ! slighte/ f\ndation = su* an objection 9 ei!r ! ,purans1 ,upa-,purans1 ,ramayanum1 or ,mahabh>at2 & ) reg>d to o!r ,sanscrit works1 ,i agree entirely 9 ! ju/ness ( ! op9ion express$ by ,mr4 ,wilson 9 a note to 8 translation ( ! ,magha ,duta4 ,he says3--',i h1 inde$1 9 ?is place conc5trat$1 & 9 "p omitt$1 two v]ses ( ! orig9al1 z (f5sive to our notions ( ! decorum ( composition4 ,i _c admit1 h[ev]1 t ,h9du lit]ature1 speak+ g5]ally1 is m liable to ! reproa* ( indec5cy ?an t ( ,europe3 no?+ c be f\nd 9 _! s]i\s works half s lic5ti\s z _m passages 9 ! writ+s ( ,ovid1 ,catullus1 ,prop]tius1 & ev5 ! elegant ,flaccus4 ,to desc5d to mod]n times1 ,ario/o & ,boccaccio among/ ! ,italians1 ,brantome1 ,crebillon1 ,voltaire1 ,la ,fonta9e1 & ! writ]s ( _m rec5t philosophical novels among/ ! ,fr5*1 furni% u ) m ?an p>allels = ! mo/ indelicate ( ! ,h9du writ]s4 ,) respect to ourselves1 n to g back to ! days 9 :i* obsc5ity 0 wit1 we h little reason to reproa* ! ,h9dus ) want ( delicacy1 :5 we f9d ! exceptionable1 ?\gh elegant1 poetry ( ,little g5]ally circulat$ & av[$ly admir$4 ,we %\ld also recollect ! circum/ances ( ,indian society1 be=e we condemn _! au?ors = ! ung>bl$ expressions :i* we conceive to trespass ^u ! b\nd>ies ( decorum4 ,^! au?ors write to m5 only1 !y nev] ?9k ( a woman z a read]4' ,moor 9 8 ,h9du ,pan!on1 be>s g5]al te/imony to ! p]fectly dec5t "* ( ,h9du wor%ip1 on ! :ole1 :atev] may take place 9 exceptional cases4 ,speak+ ( ! sect ( nak$ gymnosophi/s1 call$ ,l+is1 & ! ,sactas1 he says3--,9 ?is la/ m5tion$ sect1 z 9 mo/ o!rs1 !re is a "r-h&$ & dec5t pa?1 & a left-h&$ & indec5t mode ( wor%ip2 b ! indec5t wor%ip ( ?is sect is mo/ grossly s1 & consi/s ( unbridl$ debau*]y ) w9e & wom54 ,?is pr(ligate sect is suppos$ to be num]\s1 ?\gh unav[$4 ,9 mo/ p>ts ( ,india1 if n 9 all1 !y are held 9 des]v$ dete/ation2 & ev5 ! dec5t ,sactas d n make public pr(ession ( _! t5ets1 nor we> on _! =eheads ! m>ks ( _! sect1 le/ !y %\ld be suspect$ ( belong+ to ! o!r bran* ( x,,horizontal ,,ellipsis4 ,x is "s comp>ative & negative praise to ! ,h9dus1 t ! emblems "u :i* !y exhibit ! elem5ts & op]ations ( nature1 are n ext]nally indecor\s4 ,unlike ! abom9able realities ( ,egypt & ,greece1 we see ! phallic emblem 9 ! ,h9du ,pan!on )\t (f5ce2 & "k n1 until ! in=mation be extort$1 t we are contemplat+ a symbol ^: prototype is indec5t4 ,! plates ( my book may be turn$ & exam9$1 ov] & ov] aga91 & ! un9=m$ obs]v] w n be aw>e t 9 sev]al ( !m he has view$ ! typical repres5tation ( ! g5]ative organs or p[]s ( humanity4 ,f ! v nature1 also1 ( ?is symbol1 says ,k5n$y1 x w be evid5t t x 0 nev] int5d$ to be c>ri$ 9 ! processions consecrat$ to ,%iva1 & ,abraham ,rog]1 two hundr$ ye>s ago1 has 9 consequ5ce correctly /at$1--,mais qu& on fait la procession p> les villes avec l'idole ,esw>a1 ce qui arrive en c]ta9s temps1 on ne la porte pas s\s la figure de l+am1 mais s\s la figure d'homme3 la raison e/1 comme le ,brahm9e temoignoit1 p\r ce que les hommes ont plus de plasir et de cont5tem5t en la veue d'une figure huma9e que dans la veue du l+am1 en laquelle figure il e/ dans son pagode4#f #f ,la ,porte ,ouv]te1 p4 #aeg4 ,bo? ,h]odotus & ,diodorus ,siculus1 z notic$ by ,gyraldus1 ?\gh speak+ ( ! phallus1 fail to expla9 its precise nature & =m4 ,mr4 ,payne ,knight 9 8 ,symbolical ,language ( ,anci5t ,art & ,my?ology1 says3--,9 ,egypt & all ov] ,asia1 ! my/ic & symbolical wor%ip appe>s to h be5 ( immemorial antiquity4 ,! wom5 ( ! =m] c\ntry c>ri$ images ( ,osiris 9 _! sacr$ processions1 ) a movable phallus ( disproportionate magnitude1 ! reason = :i* ,h]odotus does n ?9k prop] to relate1 because x belong$ to ! my/ic religion4 ,diodorus ,siculus1 h[ev]1 :o liv$ 9 a m communicative age1 in=ms u t x signifi$ ! g5]ative attribute2 & ,plut>*1 t ! ,egyptian /atues ( ,osiris _h ! phallus to signify 8 procreative & prolific p[]1 ! ext5sion ( :i* ?r\gh ! ?ree elem5ts ( air1 e>? & wat]1 !y express$ by ano!r k9d ( /atue1 :i* 0 occasionally c>ri$ 9 procession1 hav+ a triple symbol ( ! same attribute4 ,! ,greeks usually repres5t$ ! phallus alone1 z a di/9ct symbol1 ! mean+ ( :i* seems to h be5 among ! la/ discov]ies reveal$ to ! initiat$4 ,x 0 ! same1 9 emblematical writ+1 z ! ,orphic epi!t1 ,pan-g5etor1 univ]sal g5]ator1 9 :i* s5se x is /ill employ$ by ! ,h9dus4 ,h]odotus1 9 allusion to ! above1 says3--,to ,bac*us1 on ! eve ( 8 fea/1 e ,egyptian sacrifices a hog be=e ! door ( 8 h\se1 :i* is !n giv5 back to ! sw9eh]d by :om x 0 furni%$1 & by him c>ri$ away4 ,9 o!r respects ! fe/ival is celebrat$ almo/ exactly z ,bac*ic fe/ivals are 9 ,greece1 except+ t ! ,egyptians h no *oral dances4 ,!y also use1 in/ead ( phalli1 ano!r inv5tion1 consi/+ ( images a cubit high1 pull$ by /r+s1 :i* ! wom5 c>ry r\nd to ! villages4 ,a pip] goes 9 front2 & ! wom5 foll[1 s++ hymns 9 hon\r ( ,bac*us4 ,!y give a religi\s reason = ! peculi>ities ( ! image4 ,payne ,knight supports 8 /atem5t relative to ! discov]y ( ! mean+ ( ! symbol by a quotation f ,t]tullian3 ,conc]n+ ! ,val5t9ians 7a sect ( ,ophites or ( ,gno/ics7 ,aft] _m sigh+s ( ! se]s1 ! entire seal+ ( ! tongue 7f divulg+ x7 an image ( ! virile organ is reveal$4 ,?is op9ion1 h[ev]1 has be5 pron\nc$ by o!rs z extremely que/ionable2 b 7 x admitt$1 says ,colonel ,k5n$y1 x seems indisputable t ! phallus 0 always =m$ 9 su* a mann] z to leave no d\bt ) respect to ! object :i* x repres5t$1 & t 9 religi\s processions x 0 always atta*$ to a human figure4 ,x h5ce appe>s evid5t t ! phallus bore no simil>ity to ! l+am1 & t1 ?\gh ! causes :i* may orig9ally h produc$ ! wor%ip ( ^! objects may h be5 ! same 9 ,egypt & ,india1 /ill ! symbols adopt$ = _! repres5tation1 & ! adoration paid to !m by ! ,egyptians & ! ,h9dus1 diff]$ mo/ mat]ially4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria 0 mo/ sev]e 9 8 condemnation ( ! abom9ations connect$ ) c]ta9 fe/ivals 9 :i* ! phallus occupi$ a conspicu\s position1 b z ! l+am is nev] c>ri$ 9 procession1 & its wor%ip is n celebrat$ by bac*analian rites1 8 ca/igation c\ld h _h no ref]5ce1 or at any rate1 0 n applicable to ! ,h9dus4 ,ext+ui% ! fire1 ,o hi]ophant6 he said1 be a%am$ ( ?y own tor*es1 ,o tor*-be>]6 ! light betrays ?y ,jac*us3 p]mit1 if ?\ wi% !m to be rev]5c$1 ?y my/]ies to be conceal$ by night1 & ?y orgies to be cov]$ ) d>kness2 fire does n dissimulate1 b exposes & puni%es all t is subject$ to its p[]4 ,^!1 !re=e1 are ! my/]ies ( a!i/ical m52 a!i/s ,i call !m ju/ly1 because ignorant ( ! true ,god1 !y unblu%+ly wor%ip an infant :o 0 torn 9 pieces by ! ,titans1 & a lam5t+ woman1 & ^? p>ts ( ! body :i* mode/y =bids u to "n4 ,! games & phalli consecrat$ to ,bac*us1 n only corrupt mann]s1 b are consid]$ %ameful & disgraceful by all ! _w4 ,clem5t !n speaks ( a c]ta9 ev5t1 9 commemoration ( :i*1 0 ?is my/]y in/itut$1 & phalli erect$ 9 e city 9 hon\r ( ,dionusos2 s t ,h]aclitus ev5 says t mis=tune w\ld ensue1 if processions 7 n made1 & hymns sung1 & pud5da %amelessly wor%ipp$1 9 hon\r ( ,dionusos4 ,?is !n is ! ,hades & ! ,dionusos1 9 ^: hon\r m5 become agitat$ ) bac*analian madness & fury2 n s mu*1 9 my op9ion1 an acc\nt ( natural inebriation1 z 9 consequ5ce ( ! repreh5sible c]emonies :i* 7 fir/ in/itut$ 9 commemoration ( t abom9able turpitude4 ,! ev5t j ref]r$ to is ?is3--,dionysus 0 p>ticul>ly anxi\s to desc5d to ,hades1 b 0 ignorant ( ! way2 a c]ta9 man nam$ ,prosymnus (f]$ to %ew him ! same1 provid$ he w\ld grant him a specifi$ rew>d4 ,! rew>d1 says ,clem5t1 0 a disgraceful "o1 ?\gh n s 9 ! op9ion ( ,dionysus3 x 0 an ,aphrodisian fav\r t 0 ask$4 ,! god 0 n reluctant to grant ! reque/ made to him1 & promis$ to fulfil x %\ld he return1 con=m+ 8 promise ) an oa?4 ,hav+ le>n$ ! way1 he dep>t$ & aga9 return$3 he did n f9d ,prosymnus = he _h di$4 ,9 ord] to acquit himself ( 8 promise to 8 lov]1 he ru%$ to 8 tomb1 burn+ ) unnatural lu/4 ,cutt+ a fig-bran* t came to 8 h&1 he %ap$ ! lik5ess ( ! membrum virile1 & sat ov] x2 ?us p]=m+ 8 promise to ! dead man4 ,z a my/ic memorial ( ?is incid5t1 phalloi are rais$ al(t 9 hon\r ( ,dionysus ?r\gh ! v>i\s cities4 ,! "* ( ,l+am wor%ip may be ga!r$ f ! ritual prescrib$ 9 ! ,la+a ,puran1 :i* we f9d to be z foll[s3 ,hav+ ba!d 9 ! prescrib$ mann]1 ent] ! place ( wor%ip2 & hav+ p]=m$ ?ree suppressions ( ! brea?1 m$itate on t god :o has ?ree eyes1 five heads1 t5 arms1 & is ( ! col\r ( pure cry/al1 array$ 9 co/ly g>m5ts1 & adorn$ ) all k9ds ( ornam5ts3 & hav+ ?us fix$ 9 ?y m9d ! real =m ( ,mahe%w>a1 proce$ to wor%ip him ) ! prop] pray]s & hymns4 ,fir/1 spr9kle ! place & ut5sils ( wor%ip ) a bun* ( d>bha dipp$ 9 p]fum$ wat]1 repeat+ at ! same "t ! sacr$ ^w ,om1 & arrange all ! ut5sils & o!r ?+s requir$ 9 ! prescrib$ ord]2 !n 9 due mann] & repeat+ ! prop] invocations1 pray]s & hymns1 prec$$ by ! sacr$ ^w ,om1 prep>e ?y (f]+s4 ,= ! padiam 7wat] = ! ablution ( ! feet71 ^! %\ld consi/ ( u%iram 7! root ( ! ,&ropogon muricatus71 s&al1 & sweet-smell+ woods3 = ! a*amanam 7wat] = r9s+ ! m\?71 ( mace1 camphor1 bdellium1 & agallo*um1 gr\nd toge!r2 & = ! arghya 7a p>ticul> k9d ( oblation1 :i*1 consi/$ ( diff]5t articles 9 ! wor%ip ( diff]5t deities71 ( ! tops ( ,ku%a grass1 prep>$ gra9s ( rice1 b>ley1 sesamum1 cl>ifi$ butt]1 pieces ( money1 a%es & fl[]s4 ,at ! same "t1 also1 mu/ be wor%ipp$ ,n&i 7! pr9cipal att5dant ( ,%iva1 & suppos$ to be a portion ( t god1 :o grant$ a son z a boon to a holy ascetic nam$ ,%ilada1 & also cons5t$ t he w\ld be born z t son71 & 8 wife1 ! daught] ( ,m>ut4 ,hav+ !n1 ) due rites1 prep>$ a seat1 invoke ) ! prescrib$ pray]s ! pres5ce ( ,p>ame%w>a1 & pres5t to him ! padiam1 a*amanam & arghya4 ,next ba! ! l+am ) p]fum$ wat]1 ! five products ( ! c[1 cl>ifi$ butt]1 honey1 ! juice ( ! sug>-cane1 & la/ly p\r ov] x a pot ( pure wat]1 consecrat$ by ! requisite pray]s4 ,hav+ ?us purifi$ x1 adorn x ) clean g>m5ts & a sacrificial /r+1 & !n (f] fl[]s1 p]fumes1 frank9c5se1 lamps1 fruit1 & diff]5t k9ds ( prep>$ eatables1 & ornam5ts4 ,?us wor%ip ! l+am ) ! prescrib$ (f]+s1 invocations1 pray]s & hon\rs1 & by circumambulat+ x1 & by pro/rat+ ?yself be=e ,%iva1 repres5t$ "u ?is symbol4 ,colonel ,vans ,k5n$y says t at ! pres5t day ! :ole ( ?is ritual is n obs]v$1 nor is ?is wor%ip p]=m$ 9 t co/ly mann] :i* is recomm5d$ 9 ! ,purans4 ,b ! wor%ip ( all ! deities consi/s ( sixte5 ess5tial requisites3--#a1 ,asanam1 ! prep>+ a seat = ! god2 #b1 ,asahanam1 ! invok+ 8 pres5ce2 #c1 padiam2 #d1 a*amanam2 #e1 ,arghya2 #f1 ba?+ ! image2 #g1 clo?+ x2 #h1 inve/+ x ) a sacrificial /r+3 (f]+s (2 #i1 p]fumes2 #aj1 fl[]s2 #aa1 inc5se2 #ab1 lamps2 #ac1 naiv$ya1 i4e4 (f]+s consi/+ ( fruits & prep>$ eatables2 #ad1 betel leaf2 #ae1 pray]s1 c42 #af1 circumambulation4 ,! m ( ^! acts t are p]=m$ ! m complete is ! wor%ip2 b at pres5t x 9 g5]al consi/s ( no?+ m ?an pres5t+ "s ( ! prescrib$ (f]+s1 & mutt]+ a %ort pray] or two :ile ! l+am is circumambulat$3 ! re/ ( ! acts be+ p]=m$ by ! (ficiat+ prie/4 ,?is wor%ip1 x seems1 ne$ n be p]=m$ at a temple1 any prop]ly purifi$ place w d2 x is mo/ efficaci\s :5 p]=m$ on ! bank ( "s holy riv]1 be=e a l+am =m$ ( clay1 :i*1 on ! t]m9ation ( ! wor%ip1 is ?r[n into ! sacr$ /ream4 99 99 99 99 99 ,colonel ,k5n$y says3--,! leg5ds respect+ ! orig9 ( ! wor%ip ( ! l+am1 _c satisfy ! philosophical enquir]2 & ! real cause1 !re=e1 :i* produc$ ! adoration ( s s+ul> an object might appe> to be a curi\s subject ( speculation4 ,b1 ?\gh 9 ! ,purans !re are copi\s descriptions ( ! high importance ( ?is wor%ip1 & ( ! spiritual advantages to be d]iv$ f x1 /ill ^! works conta9 n ! slighte/ indication f :i* any j conclusion c\ld be =m$1 ) respect to ei!r ! p]iod :5 x 0 fir/ introduc$1 or ! motives :i* may h occasion$ ! sub/itution ( ?is symbol = ! image ( ,%iva4 ,yet x seems probable t ?is *ange _h n be5 effect$ at ! "t :5 ! ,v$as 7 compos$1 & t ! e>lie/ record ( ?is wor%ip :i* has be5 pres]v$ is conta9$ 9 ! ,purans4 ,b1 z 9 ^? sacr$ books !re is n ! lea/ appe>ance ( its be+ ei!r my/ical or symbolical1 x mu/ be evid5t t if x orig9at$ 9 su* causes !y h long ceas$ to exi/2 & consequ5tly t ! speculations on ?is subject1 9 :i* ! lit]ati ( ,europe h indulg$1 are totally incompatible ) ! simple pr9ciples1 z f> z !y are kn[n1 on :i* ?is wor%ip is f\nd$4 ,=1 9 fact1 bo? 9 ! ,purans & by ! ,h9dus ( ! pres5t day1 ! l+am is held to be m]ely a visible type ( an invisible deity2 & no?+ :atev] belongs to its wor%ip1 or to ! t]ms 9 :i* ?is is m5tion$1 :i* has ! slighte/ t5d5cy to lead ! ?\ghts1 f ! contemplation ( ! god1 to an undue consid]ation ( ! object by :i* he is typifi$4 ,b x is impossible to und]/& by :at process ( reason+ ! f\nd]s ( ! ,h9du religion 7 induc$ to place ,%iva among ! div9e hypo/ases2 = !y suppos$1 at ! same "t1 t dissolution & dea? proce$$ f ! fix$ laws ( nature1 & t 8 p[] 0 n call$ into ex]tion until aft] ! t]m9ation ( twelve millions ( ye>s4 ,dur+ ! :ole1 !re=e1 ( ?is inconceivable p]iod1 :at functions c\ld be ascrib$ to ?is god consi/5t ) 8 "* ( de/roy]8 ,?is difficulty1 h[ev]1 seems to h be5 v soon obviat$ by inve/+ him ) ! attributes ( ! ,supreme ,be+1 & ev5 9 ! ,purans x is "u ?is "* t he is g5]ally repres5t$4 ,z1 !re=e1 ! attributes :i* are1 accord+ to ! ,h9dus1 peculi> to ! "o god are immovability & inaction1 ,%iva is describ$ z be+ pr9cipally engag$ 9 dev\t m$itation1 & z ex]t+ 8 div9e p[] ?r\gh ! means ei!r ( ,devi 7or 8 en]gy p]sonifi$7 or ( c]ta9 =ms :i* he creates = ! occasion1 su* z ,bhairava & ,virabhadra4 ,9 ,h9du my?ology1 consequ5tly1 !re are only ?ree leg5ds1 ! de/ruction ( ! ,tripura ,asuras1 & ( ! ,asuras ,audhaka1 & ,jal&h>a1 9 :i* ,%iva appe>s z ! actor1 unconnect$ ) any ref]5ce to ! wor%ip ( ! l+am4 ,b on ! introduction ( ?is wor%ip1 n a l+am seems to h be5 erect$ )\t its f\ndation hav+ be5 ascrib$ to "s miracul\s appe>ance ( ,%iva2 & h5ce h orig9at$ a multiplicity ( leg5ds 9 ! highe/ degree pu]ile1 & ev]yone err+ aga9/ ! j pr9ciple1-- ,nec deus int]sit1 nisi dignus v9dice nodus ,incid]it4 ,= 9 ! ,%iva ,puran1 ,suta ?us speaks3 ,innum]able are ! l+ams :i* are adorn$1 z ! type ( ,%iva1 9 heav51 e>?1 & ,t>t>us2 b :]e "s ( ^! are erect$1 !re ,%iva = ! good ( ! ?ree worlds appe>$1 & consequ5tly :oev] visits & wor%ips !m1 acquires m complete remission ( s9s & a great] degree ( hol9ess4 ,ev5 ( ^!1 h[ev]1 ! numb] is unasc]ta9able1 b ! twelve ,jyoli%a l+ams are consid]$ ! mo/ sacr$2 !re are1 ( c\rse1 _m o!rs1 ! wor%ip ( :i* insures ! remission ( s9s & f9al bless$ness4 ,leg5d f ! ,%iva ,puran4 ,a ,rak%asa1 nam$ ,bhima1 ! son ( ,kumbak>na1 hav+ obta9$ inv9cible might z a boon f ,brahma1 comm5c$ ex]t+ 8 newly acquir$ p[] by attack+ ! k+ ( ,kam>upa4 ,him he conqu]$1 & hav+ seiz$ 8 ri*es & k+dom1 he plac$ him 9 *a9s 9 a solit>y prison4 ,?is k+ 0 em95tly pi\s1 &1 not)/&+ 8 conf9em5t1 cont9u$ daily to make clay l+ams1 & to wor%ip ,%iva ) all ! prescrib$ rites & c]emonies4 ,mean:ile ! ,rak%asa cont9u$ 8 conque/s1 & ev]y:]e aboli%$ ! religi\s obs]vances & wor%ip enjo9$ by ! ,v$as2 & ! immortals also1 7 r$uc$ by 8 p[] to great di/ress4 ,at l5g? ! gods ha/5$ to implore ! protection ( ,%iva1 & to obta9 8 fav\r by ! wor%ip ( clay l+ams2 & ,%ambu1 be+ ?us propitiat$1 assur$ !m t he w\ld effect ! de/ruction ( ! ,rak%asa ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! k+ ( ,kam>upa1 :o 0 8 devot$ wor%ipp]4 ,at ?is "t ! k+ 0 engag$ 9 pr(\nd m$itation be=e a l+am1 :5 "o ( ! gu>ds w5t & in=m$ ! ,rak%asa t ! k+ 0 p]=m+ "s improp] c]emonies 9 ord] to injure him4 ,on he>+ ?is1 ! ,rak%asa1 enrag$1 seiz$ 8 sword & ha/5$ to ! k+1 :om he ?us address$3--,speak ! tru?1 & tell me :o x is t ?\ wor%ippe/1 & ,i w n slay !e1 b o!rwise ,i w in/antly put !e to dea?4 ,! k+ hav+ consid]$1 plac$ 8 firm reliance 9 ! protection ( ,%iva1 & repli$ undaunt$ly1--,9 tru?1 ,i wor%ip ,%ank>a3 d ?\ :at ?\ please/4 ,! ,rak%asa said1--,:at c ,%ank>a d to me8 = ,i "k him well1 & t he once 0 oblig$ to become ! s]vant ( my uncle 7,ravana72 & ?\1 tru/+ 9 8 p[]1 did'/ endeav\r to conqu] me1 b defeat 0 ! consequ5ce4 ,until1 h[ev]1 ?\ %[e/ me ?y "l1 & conv9ce/ me ( 8 might1 ,i %all n believe 9 8 div9ity4 ,! k+ repli$1--,vile z ,i am1 :at p[] h ,i ov] t god8 b mighty z he is1 ,i "k t he w nev] =sake me4 ,!n ,rak%asa said1--,h[ c t delight] 9 ganja 7an intoxicat+ drug prep>$ f ! hemp plant7 & inebriation1 t w&]+ m5dicant1 protect 8 wor%ipp]s8 let b ?y "l appe>1 & ,i w imm$iately engage 9 battle ) him6 ,hav+ ?us spok51 he ord]$ ! att5dance ( 8 army1 & !n1 revisit+ ! k+1 ! mighty ,rak%asa1 :ile he smote ! l+am ) 8 sword1 ?us1 laugh+1 said1--,n[ behold ! p[] ( ?y "l4 ,b sc>ce _h ! sword t\*$ ! l+am ?an ,h>a in/antly issu$ f x1 exclaim+1--,behold6 ,i am ,i%w>a1 :o appe>s = ! protection ( 8 wor%ipp]1 on :om he always be/[s safety & happ9ess2 & n[ le>n to dread my might4 ,on he>+ ?is spok51 ,%iva engag$ 9 combat ) ! ,rak%asa1 & aft] fight+ ) him = "s "t1 at l5g? ) ! fire ( 8 ?ird eye r$uc$ him & all 8 army to a%es2 & 9 commemoration ( ?is ev5t 0 ! spot :]e x occurr$ r5d]$ sacr$1 & ! l+am1 "u ! "n ( ,bhima%ank>a1 an object ( pilgrimage & wor%ip until all succe$+ ages4 7,f ! leg5d ,jyoli%a-l+a ,mahatmyam74 ,colonel ,k5n$y says3--,on p]us+ ?is leg5d1 x w imm$iately occur t x is a m]e imitation ( ! f\r? avat> ( ,vi%nu1 ! conclud+ "p ( ! acc\nt ( :i* is ?us giv5 9 ! ,padma ,puran3--',hiranyaka%ipu hav+ ord]$ 8 son ,pralhada to be put to dea? on acc\nt ( 8 devotion to ,vi%nu1 & all means employ$ = ?is purpose hav+ prov$ ineffectual1 ! k+ ( ! ,daityas 0 a/oni%$1 & ) g5tl5ess address$ 8 son3--',:]e is t ,vi%nu ^: pre-em95ce ?\ ha/ decl>$ be=e me1 & :o1 z ?\ saye/1 0 call$ ,vi%nu because he p]vades all ?+s1 & consequ5tly1 be+ omnipres5t1 he mu/ also be ! ,supreme ,be+8 ,%[ to me a pro( ( ! div9e p[] & qualities :i* ?\ ascribe/ to him1 & ,i w ackn[l$ge ! div9ity ( ,vi%nu2 or let him conqu] 9 battle me1 :o h obta9$ ! boon ( be+ unslayable by any exi/+ ?+4' ,pralhada1 a/oni%$1 repli$1--',n>ayana1 ! et]nal1 omnipot5t1 omnipres5t1 & ,supreme ,_s dwells 9 heav51 & man _c obta9 ! view ( 8 div9e =m ?r\gh ang] & hatr$1 b1 ?\gh unse51 he is pres5t 9 all ?+s4' ,hav+ he>d ^! words1 ,hiranyaka%ipu 0 inc5s$ ) ang]1 &1 revil+ 8 son1 said1--',:y do/ ?\ ?us ) endless boa/s exalt ! p[] ( ,vi%nu8' & !n /rik+ a pill> ( 8 royal hall1 ?us cont9u$3 ',if ,vi%nu p]vades all ?+s let him appe> 9 ?is pill>1 or ,i w ?is mom5t put !e to dea?4' ,?is said1 he /ruck ! pill> ) 8 sword1 & in/antly f x bur/ a l\d & dreadful s\nd1 :ile ,vi%nu issu$ =? "u a fe>ful =m1 half man & half lion4' ,b z ! avat>s ( ,vi%nu are unque/ionably an ess5tial "p ( ! ,h9du religion1 s9ce !y are notic$ 9 ! ,v$as1 ,upani%ads1 & ,purans1 & z ! miracul\s appe>ances ( ,%iva1 on :i* ! sanctity ( v>i\s l+ams is f\nd$1 are n g5]ally ackn[l$g$ by ! ,h9dus1 & are m5tion$ only 9 ! ,%anka & ,%iva ,purans1 x mu/ necess>ily foll[ t ! f\r? avat> ( ,vi%nu is ! orig9al f :i* ! above leg5d ( ,bhima ,%ank>a has be5 m]ely copi$4 ,! introduction1 h[ev]1 ( a new mode ( wor%ip1 is always1 z exp]i5ce has %ewn1 support$ by miracles2 & x may !re=e be conclud$ t ! leg5ds respect+ ! ,jyoli%a l+ams1 at lea/1 are z anci5t z ! fir/ in/itution ( ! wor%ip ( ! l+am4 ,9 :i* case x w be evid5t t ! transf]r+ by ! ,%aivas to ,%iva ( ! peculi> attribute ( ,vi%nu1 t ( pres]vation1 & _! f\nd+ v>i\s miracles on su* transf]1 are conv9c+ pro(s t ,vi%nuism mu/ h exi/$ be=e ! pres5t =m ( ,%ivaism2 & t1 9 inv5t+ ^! miracles1 ! ,%aivas h wi%$ to ascribe to ! god ( _! p>ticul> adoration simil> manife/ations ( div9e p[] to ^? by :i* ,vi%nu 0 suppos$ to be peculi>ly di/+ui%$4#g #g ,vaus ,k5n$y1 ,h9du ,my?ology4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an acc\nt 0 publi%$1 ab\t a hundr$ ye>s ago1 by ,capta9 ,col9 ,mack5zie1 ( a visit he _h lately paid to ! ,pagoda at ,p]wuttum1 ! home ( ! ,l+a ,mallik>juna or ,sri ,saila4 ,he said3--,hav+ s5t notice to ! manag] ( ! rev5ues1 t ,i 0 desir\s ( see+ ! pagoda1 provid$ !re 0 no objection1 ,i 0 in=m$ at noon1 t ,i might g 94 ,on ent]+ ! f\r? gate1 we desc5d$ by /eps1 & ?r\gh a small door1 to ! inn] c\rt1 :]e ! temples are3 9 ! c5tre 0 ! pagoda ( ,mallec>jee1 ! pr9cipal deity wor%ipp$ "h4 ,f h5ce ,i 0 conduct$ to ! small] & m anci5t temple ( ,mallec>jee1 :]e he is ador$1 9 ! figure ( a rude /one1 :i* ,i c\ld j di/+ui%1 ?r\gh ! d>k vi/a ( ! front build+ on pill>s4 ,beh9d ?is build+1 an imm5se fig tree cov]s ) its %ade ! devotees & att5dants1 :o repose on seats1 plac$ r\nd its trunk1 & c>pet$4 ,among ^!1 0 "o ,byraggy1 :o _h devot$ himself to a p]petual resid5ce "h2 8 sole subsi/5ce 0 ! milk ( a c[1 :i* ,i saw him driv+ be=e him3 an orange col\r$ rag 0 ti$ r\nd 8 lo9s1 & 8 nak$ body 0 besme>$ ) a%es4 ,! wea!r be+ w>m1 ,i 0 desir\s ( gett+ ov] z mu* ( ?is bad road1 z ,i c\ld1 be=e noon3 my t5ts & baggage _h be5 s5t (f at f\r ,a4,m41 & ,i only rema9$ ne> ! pagoda ) ! int5tion ( mak+ "s rem>ks on ! sculptures ( its wall1 z soon z daylight appe>$4 ,b ! ,brahm9s1 ) ! ,rajpoot amuld> 7:o _h hi!rto %ewn a %yness t ,i _h n exp]i5c$ 9 any o!r "p ( ! j\rney71 came to reque/1 t z ,i 0 ! fir/ ,european :o _h ev] come s f> to visit ,mallec>jee1 & _h be5 prev5t$ f see+ ! object ( _! wor%ip1 by ye/]day n be+ a lucky day1 ,i w\ld rema9 ) !m t day1 assur+ me t ! doors w\ld be op5$ at t5 o'clock4 ,i agre$ to wait to t h\r1 be+ p>ticul>ly desir\s ( see+ by :at means ! light 0 reflect$ into ! temple1 :i* ! unskilfulness ( my int]pret] c\ld n expla9 intelligibly to my compreh5sion4 ,notice be+ at la/ giv51 at ab\t half-pa/ eight1 t ! sun 0 high en\gh1 ! doors on ! ea/ side1 ! gilt pagoda 7 ?r[n op51 & a mirror or reflect+ speculum 0 br\ght f ! ,rajpoot amuld>'s h\se4 ,x 0 r\nd1 ab\t two feet 9 diamet]1 & fix$ to a brass h&le1 ornam5t$ ) figures ( c[s2 ! poli%$ side 0 convex1 b s f\l1 t x c\ld n reflect ! sunbeams2 ano!r 0 !re=e br\ght1 r small]1 & concave1 surr\nd$ by a n>r[ rim1 & )\t a h&le4 ,directly opposite to ! gate ( ! pagoda is a /one build+1 rais$ on pill>s1 enclos+ a well1 & end+ 9 a po9t2 & be+ at ! di/ance ( twelve or f\rte5 feet1 d>k5s ! gateway by its %ad[1 until ! sun rises above x3 ?is no d\bt has be5 contriv$ on purpose to raise ! expectation ( ! p1 & by r5d]+ ! sight ( ! idol m r>e1 to fav\r ! imposition ( ! ,brahm9s4 ,! mom5t be+ come1 ,i 0 p]mitt$ to /& on ! /eps 9 front ( ! ?re%old )\t 7hav+ put (f my %oes1 to please ! directors ( ! c]emony1 ?\gh x w\ld n h be5 insi/$ on71 :ile a cr[d surr\nd$ me1 impati5t to obta9 a glimpse ( ! awful figure )94 ,a boy be+ plac$ ne> ! doorway1 wav$ & play$ ! concave mirror 9 su* a mann]1 z to ?r[ gleams ( light into ! pagoda1 9 ! deepe/ recess :]e( 0 discov]$ by means ( ^! coruscations1 a small1 oblong1 r\ndi% :ite /one ) d>k r+s1 fix$ 9 a silv] case4 ,i 0 p]mitt$ to g no fur!r1 b my curiosity 0 n[ suffici5tly satisfi$4 ,x appe>s1 t ?is god ,mallec>jee1 is no o!r ?an ! ,l+am1 to :i* su* rev]5ce is paid by c]ta9 ca/es ( ! ,g5toos2 & ! reason :y he is "h repres5t$ by /ones unwr\ght1 may be und]/ood f ! ,brahm9's acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ?is place ( wor%ip4 ,my int]pret] _h be5 admitt$ ! day be=e into ! sanctum sanctorum1 & all[$ to t\* ! /one1 :i* he says is smoo? & %9+1 & t ! d>k r+s or /reaks1 are pa9t$ on x2 probably x is an agate1 or "s o!r /one ( a simil> k9d1 f\nd ne> "s p>ts ( ! ,ki/na1 & ( an uncommon size4 ,! ,brahm9s gave me ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ! pagoda4 ,at ,*undra-gumpty-patnum1 twelve p>vus d[n ! riv]1 on ! nor? side1 =m]ly rul$ a ,raja1 ( great p[]2 :o be+ abs5t sev]al ye>s f 8 h\se1 9 consequ5ce ( 8 important pursuits abroad2 on 8 return1 fell 9 love ) 8 own daught]1 :o _h gr[n up dur+ 8 long abs5ce4 ,9 va9 ! "m repres5t$ ! impiety ( 8 passion2 proce$+ to =ce1 8 daught] fl$ to ^! des]ts ( ,p]wuttum1 fir/ utt]+ curses & imprecations aga9/ h] fa!r2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 8 p[] & weal? decl9$1 8 city1 n[ a des]t$ ru91 rema9s a monum5t ( div9e wra?1 & himself1 /ruck by ! v5geance ( heav51 lies deep b5ea? ! wat]s ( ,puttela-gunga1 :i* are t+$ gre5 by ! /r+ ( em]alds t adorn$ 8 neck4 ,! pr9cess 0 call$ ,mallicadivi1 & liv$ 9 ?is wild]ness4 ,among h] cattle1 0 a rem>kably f9e black c[1 :i*1 %e compla9$ to h] h]dsman1 nev] gave h] milk4 ,he wat*$ beh9d ! trees1 & saw ! c[ daily milk$ by an unkn[n p]son2 ,mallicadivi in=m$ ( ?is1 plac$ h]self 9 a conv5i5t situation1 & behold+ ! same unkn[n p]son milk+ ! c[1 ran to /rike him ) ! iron rod1 or mace1 :i* %e held 9 h] h&2 b1 ! figure sudd5ly disappe>$1 & to h] a/oni%m5t1 no?+ rema9$ b a rude %apeless /one4 ,at night1 ! god appe>$ to h] 9 a dream1 & in=m$ h]1 he 0 ! p]son t milk$ ! c[2 %e !re=e1 on ?is spot1 built ! fir/ temple t 0 consecrat$ to ! wor%ip ( ?is deity1 repres5t$ by a rude /one4 ,?is is ! second temple t 0 %ewn ye/]day1 :]e he is exhibit$ 9 ! rude /ate ( ! fir/ discov]y1 & is call$ ,mudi-,nulla-c>jee or ,mallac>jee2 ! o!r temples 7 aft]w>ds built1 9 lat] times1 by ,rajahs & o!r opul5t p]sons4 ,! ,l+am %ewn by reflect$ light 9 ! gild$ temple1 has also its hi/ory1 & /ories1 /ill m absurd & wond]ful1 atta*$ to x4 ,x 0 br\ght f ! city ( ,*undra-goompty-patnam4 ,! pr9cess1 n[ wor%ipp$ z a goddess1 is also call$ ,brama-,rumbo or ,/ri*illumrumbo1 f :i* ! pagoda is sometimes call$ ,/ri*illum4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,repres5tations ( ,siva--,siva's qu>rel ) 8 fa!r-9-law--,qu>rel betwe5 ,brahma & ,vi%nu--,misconduct ( ,siva--,b5gal temples ( ,siva--,anci5t l+a idols--,siege ( ,somna?--,f]i%tah's hi/ory--,! twelve great l+ams--,acc\nt ( ! ,viri-,saivas--,! ,jangamas--,leg5d ( ,ravunu4 ,siva1 has ! second place among ! ,h9doo deities1 ?\gh 9 g5]al1 9 allusion to _! (fices1 ! pr9cipal gods are class$ ?us3 ,brahma1 ,vi%nu1 ,siva4 ,siva1 p]sonifies de/ruction or reproduction1 = ,h9du philosophy excludes1 :ile "t %all exi/1 ! idea ( complete annihilation3 to de/roy is1 !re=e1 b to *ange1 or recreate1 or reproduce4 ,?is god is repres5t$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,9 ! dhyanu he appe>s z a :ite or silv] col\r$ man ) five faces2 an additional eye 7"o ( 8 names is ,trilo*unu1 ! ?ree ey$71 & a half-moon on ea* =ehead2 f\r arms2 9 ! fir/ a puru%ao2 9 ! second a de]2 ) ! ?ird giv+ a bless+1 & ) ! f\r? =bidd+ fe>2 sitt+ on a wat]-lily1 & we>+ a tig]'s sk94 ,he is wor%ipp$ 9 ! daily puja ( ! brahm9s1 :o sil5tly m$itate ^u him 9 ?is =m4 ,at o!r times ,siva is repres5t$ ) "o head1 ?ree eyes1 & two arms1 rid+ on a bull1 cov]$ ) a%es1 nak$1 8 eyes inflam$ ) intoxicat+ h]bs1 hav+ 9 "o h& a horn1 & 9 ! o!r a musical in/rum5t call$ a dumbooru4 ,ano!r ( 8 images is ! l+a1 a smoo? black /one v mu* l a sug>-loaf 9 %ape1 ) a projection ( a spoon %ape4 ,!re are ?ree diff]5t /ories respect+ ! orig9 ( ?is image4 ,! ,purana call$ ,doorga-bhagavata gives ! foll[+ acc\nt3 ,k+ ,duk%u1 hav+ _h a qu>rel ) ,siva1 refus$ to invite him to a sacrifice :i* he 0 p]=m+4 ,siva _h m>ri$ ,sutee1 ! daught] ( ,duk%u4 ,%e resolv$1 un9vit$1 to att5d at ?is sacrifice2 b :ile !re1 %e 0 s ov]come by ! abuse :i* ,duk%u p\r$ ^u h] husb&1 t %e di$4 ,! gr\nd ( ! qu>rel betwe5 ,siva & 8 fa!r-9-law 0 ?is3 ,x 0 ! cu/om = ! junior bran*es ( a family1 z !y arriv$ at an assembly1 to b[ to _! old] relation4 ,on a c]ta9 occasion ,siva neglect$1 or refus$1 to b[ to 8 fa!r-9-law1 :o began to abuse him 9 su* a mann] t a dreadful enmity 0 rais$ :i* end$ 9 ! de/ruction ( ,duk%u4 ,on he>+ ! news ( ! fate ( 8 belov$ wife1 ,siva1 9 vexation1 r5\nc$ a secul> life1 & assum$ ! pr(ession ( a religi\s m5dicant call$ a sunyasee4 ,z a nak$ sunyasee he w&]$ f =e/ to =e/1 9 ! bitt]ness ( grief4 ,at l5g? he arriv$ 9 a c]ta9 wild]ness :]e _m moonees 7 p]=m+ religi\s au/]ities1 by ! side ( ! riv] at a di/ance f _! homes4 ,! wives ( ^! moonees1 on behold+ ?is nak$1 dirty1 & )]$ sunyasee1 ask$ him :o he 01 & :y he 0 w&]+ up & d[n 9 ?is /ate8 ,he relat$ to !m ! cause ( 8 sorr[1 viz41 t he _h be5 depriv$ ( 8 wife1 & 0 ov]:elm$ ) di/ress on h] acc\nt4 ,! wom5 laugh$ at him1 & pret5d$ to d\bt 8 relation1 decl>+ t 8 body 0 s )]$1 t all desires mu/ h be5 ext+ui%$4 ,9 ?is mann] !y provok$ ,siva1 till at l5g? he seiz$ ! wife ( "o ( ! moonees & defl[]$ h]4 ,! moonee on he>+ ?is relation1 pron\nc$ a curse on ,siva1 & he became an h]maphrodite4 ,z soon z ! curse _h tak5 effect1 ! l+a sunk into patalu1 ! _w ( s]p5ts1 & asc5d$ into ! b\ndless space4 ,be=e ?is p]iod1 a fi]ce qu>rel _h tak5 place betwixt ,brahma & ,vi%nu1 z to :i* ( !m 0 ! greate/1 ! =m] z ! creator1 or ! latt] z ! pres]v] or *]i%]1 ( all4 ,!y appeal$ to ,siva1 :o left x to be det]m9$ by a trial ( /r5g? at "s future "t1 :5 he %\ld h leisure4 ,siva at l5g? propos$ to ! two gods to settle _! qu>rel 9 ?is way3 "o ( !m %\ld asc5d1 & endeav\r to asc]ta9 ! height ( ! l+a1 & ! o!r desc5d1 & br+ up ^w ( its dep?4 ,brahma asc5d$1 & ,vi%nu plung$ into patalu4 ,9 ?is way bo? ! gods tri$ _! utmo/ ef=ts1 b c\ld n f9d ei!r ! height or ! dep? ( ! l+a4 ,z ,brahma asc5d$1 he met a fl[] :i* _h fall5 f ! top ( ! l+a1 & ask$ h[ f> x 0 to ! top4 ,! fl[] told him t x _h be5 fall+ f ! head ( ! l+a s _m kulpus 7"o kulpu is f\r hundr$ & ?irty-two millions ( ye>s ( mortals7 & _h n rea*$ ! e>? yet2 :at hope 0 !re !n ( 8 rea*+ ! top8 ,brahma relat$ ! acc\nt ( ! diff]5ce betwixt him & ,vi%nu1 & t ^u ?is trial ( _! p[]s ! po9t ( pre-em95ce 0 to be decid$4 ,! fl[] advis$ ,brahma to tell ! assembl$ gods1 t he _h gone to ! top1 & if !y d\bt$ ! fact1 he might call him to confirm x4 ,brahma desc5d$1 & ,vi%nu came up disappo9t$ 9 8 attempt to get to ! bottom ( ! l+a4 ,:5 ! two gods arriv$ 9 ! assembly1 ,brahma decl>$ t he _h be5 to ! top1 & br\ght ! fl[] to prove x4 ,vi%nu confess$ 8 disappo9tm5t1 & *>g$ ! fl[] ) witness+ a falsehood4 ,to ?is all ! gods ass5t$1 & ,vi%nu pron\nc$ a curse ^u ! fl[]1 t x %\ld nev] be receiv$ among ! (f]+s pres5t$ to ,siva4 ,aft] ! matt] 0 ?us dispos$ (1 ! gods resolv$ t ! wor%ip ( ! l+a %\ld h ! prec$5cy ( e o!r wor%ip2 t ! b5efits att5d+ its wor%ip %\ld be b\ndless1 & t ! heavie/ curses %\ld fall on ^? :o neglect$ to wor%ip ?is image4 ,s mu* = ! acc\nt 9 ! ,doorga-bhagavata3 9 ! ,kaduru-khundu ! orig9 ( ! wor%ip is ?us m5tion$3 ,:5 ! gods resolv$ to *urn ! sea1 9 ord] to obta9 ! wat] ( life1 become immortal1 & ov]come ! usoorus1 !y 7 greatly afraid le/ ! usoorus %\ld seize ! wat] ( life1 & become immortal also4 ,:5 ! wat] ( life came up1 !y contriv$ to s5d ! usoorus to ba!2 b aft] ba?+1 !y arriv$ be=e ! gods _h drank ! life-giv+ bev]age4 ,to draw (f _! att5tion1 ,vi%nu assum$ ! =m ( a mo/ beautiful female4 ,?is contrivance 0 successful4 ,! god ,siva he>+ t ,vi%nu _h assum$ ?is =m1 w5t to ! spot1 & 0 s ov]come by ! *>ms ( ,moh9ee1 t he 0 ab\t to seize h] by =ce3 %e fl$1 & ,siva foll[$ h]2 mad ) lu/1 he pursu$ h] till %e c\ld run no long]1 :5 %e turn$1 & pron\nc+ a curse ^u him by :i* he became a h]maphrodite1 %e imm$iately assum$ h] orig9al =m1 viz41 t ( ,vi%nu4 ,siva 0 s enrag$1 t all ! gods1 full ( fe>1 arriv$ to s(t5 him by praise4 ,he at l5g? cons5t$ to dismiss 8 ang] on condition t ! l+a %\ld become an object ( univ]sal wor%ip4 ,ano!r acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ?is wor%ip is conta9$ 9 "s ( ! o!r puranas3 ,at ! "t ( a univ]sal de/ruction ( ! _w all ! gods are absorb$ 9 :at is call$ aka%u2 ! l+a alone rema9s4 ,! puranas1 !re=e1 say t z all ! gods except ! l+a are absorb$ 9 ! aka%u1 he :o wor%ips ! l+a1 obta9s ! unb\nd$ m]it ( embrac+ all ! deities at once4 ,f ^! /ories1 temples innum]able h aris5 9 ,india1 & a ,siva l+a plac$ 9 ea* ( !m1 & wor%ipp$ z a god4 ,! wor%ip ( ,siva "u ! type ( ! ,l+a1 is almo/ ! only =m 9 :i* t deity is rev]5c$4 ,its preval5ce ?r\gh\t ! :ole tract ( ! ,ganges1 z f> z ,b5>es1 is suffici5tly conspicu\s4 ,9 ,b5gal ! temples are commonly erect$ 9 a range ( six1 eight1 or twelve1 on ea* side ( a ,ghat1 lead+ to ! riv]4 ,at ,kalna is a circul> gr\p ( "o hundr$ & eight temples1 erect$ by ! ,rajah ( ,b>dwan4 ,ea* ( ! temples 9 ,b5gal consi/s ( a s+le *amb]1 ( a squ>e =m1 surm\nt$ by a pyramidal c5tre2 ! area ( ea* is v small1 ! ,l+a1 ( black or :ite m>ble1 occupies ! c5tre2 ! (f]+s are pres5t$ at ! ?re%old4 ,b5>es1 h[ev]1 is ! peculi> seat ( ?is =m ( wor%ip3 ! pr9cipal deity1 ,viswesw>a1 is a ,l+a1 & mo/ ( ! *ief objects ( ! pilgrimage are simil> blocks ( /one4 ,p>ticul> divisions ( ! pilgrimage direct visit+ =ty-sev5 ,l+as1 all ( pre-em95t sanctity2 b !re are hundr$s ( inf]ior note /ill wor%ipp$1 & ?\s&s ^: fame & fa%ion h di$ away4 ,if we may believe ,siva1 inde$1 he c\nt$ a hundr$ ,p>>rdhyas 9 ! ,kasi1 ( :i*1 at ! "t he is suppos$ to tell ?is to ,devi1 he adds sixty crore1 or six hundr$ millions 7 cov]$ by ! wat]s ( ! ,ganges4 ,a ,p>>rdhya is said1 by ! comm5tator on ! ,kasi-,kh&a1 9 :i* ?is dialogue occurs1 to conta9 z _m ye>s ( mortals z are equal to fifty ( ,brahma's ye>s4 ,?is wor%ip ( ,siva1 "u ! type ( ! ,l+a1 is also1 p]haps1 ! mo/ anci5t object ( homage adopt$ 9 ,india1 subsequ5tly to ! ritual ( ! ,v$as1 :i* 0 *iefly1 if n :olly1 address$ to ! elem5ts1 & p>ticul>ly to ,fire4 ,h[ f> ! wor%ip ( ! ,l+a is au?oris$ by ! ,v$as1 is d\btful1 b x is ! ma9 purport ( sev]al ( ! ,puranas--su* z ! ,sk&a-,purana1 ! ,siva1 ,brahm&a1 & ,l+a ,puranas4 ,!re c be no d\bt ( its univ]sality at ! p]iod ( ! ,mohamm$an invasion ( ,india4 ,! idol de/roy$ by ,mahmud ( ,ghizni1 0 no?+ m ?an a ,l+a1 be+1 accord+ to ,mirkhond1 a block ( /one ( f\r or five cubits long1 & ( proportionate ?ickness4 ,! passage f ! ,rozet z ,sefa 7cit$ 9 ! ,asiatic ,rese>*es1 vol4 #ag71 runs ?us3--,! temple 9 :i* ! idol ( ,somna? /ood1 0 ( consid]able ext5t1 bo? 9 l5g? & brea?1 & ! ro( 0 support$ by fifty-six pill>s 9 r[s4 ,! idol 0 ( poli%$ /one1 its height 0 ab\t five cubits1 & its ?ickness 9 proportion3 two cubits 7 bel[ gr\nd4 ,mahmud hav+ ent]$ ! temple1 broke ! /one ,somna? ) a heavy mace2 "s ( ! fragm5ts he ord]$ to be convey$ to ,ghizni1 & !y 7 plac$ at ! ?re%old ( ! great ,mosque4 ,ano!r au?ority1 ! ,tebkat ,akbe]i1 a hi/ory ( ,akb]'s reign1 ) a prelim9>y ,sket* ( ,indian ,hi/ory1 has ! foll[+3 ,9 ! ye> #dae 7,hij]a7 ,mahmud det]m9$ to lead an army aga9/ ,somna?1 a city ( ! sea%ore1 ) a temple app]ta9+ to ! foll[]s ( ,brahma2 ! temple conta9$ _m idols1 ! pr9cipal ( :i* 0 nam$ ,somna?4 ,x is relat$ 9 "s hi/ories t ?is idol 0 c>ri$ f ! ,kaaba1 ^u ! com+ ( ! ,prophet1 & transport$ to ,india4 ,! ,brahm9ical records1 h[ev]1 ref] x to ! times ( ,kri%na1 or an antiquity ( #djjj ye>s4 ,kri%na1 himself1 is said to h disappe>$ at ?is place4 ,:5 ! ,sultan arriv$ at ,neh]waleh 7! capital ( ,guz]at7 he f\nd ! city des]t$1 & c>ry+ (f su* provisions z c\ld be procur$1 he advanc$ to ,somna?3 ! inhabitants ( ?is place %ut _! gates aga9/ him1 b x 0 soon c>ri$ by ! irresi/able val\r ( 8 troops1 & a t]rible slaught] ( its def5d]s ensu$4 ,! temple 0 levell$ ) ! gr\nd3 ! idol ,somna?1 :i* 0 ( /one1 0 brok5 to pieces1 & 9 commemoration ( ! victory1 a fragm5t 0 s5t to ,ghizni1 :]e x 0 laid at ! ?re%old ( ! pr9cipal mosque1 & 0 !re _m ye>s4 ,f]i%tah1 ! hi/orian1 supplies a mu* m graphic1 if n reliable acc\nt4 ,he says3 ,:5 ! g>rison ( ,sumnat beheld _! defeat1 !y 7 /ruck ) confusion & fe>4 ,!y )drew _! h&s f ! sight1 & issu+ out at a gate t[>ds ! sea1 to ! numb] ( f\r ?\s& emb>k$ 9 boats1 int5d+ to proce$ to ! isl& ( ,sir9diep4 ,b !y did n escape ! eyes ( ! k+4 ,he seiz$ ^u boats :i* 7 left 9 a neighb\r+ creek1 & mann+ !m ) r[]s & "s ( 8 be/ troops1 pursu$ ! enemy1 tak+ & s9k+ "s ( _! boats :ile o!rs escap$4 ,hav+ !n plac$ gu>ds r\nd ! walls & at ! gates1 he ent]$ ,sumnat1 ) 8 son & a few ( 8 nobles & pr9cipal att5dants4 ,:5 !y advanc$ to ! temple1 !y saw a great & antique /ructure1 built ( /one1 )9 a spaci\s c\rt4 ,!y imm$iately ent]$ x1 & discov]$ a great squ>e hall1 hav+ its l(ty ro( support$ by fifty-six pill>s1 curi\sly turn$ & set ) preci\s /ones4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! hall /ood ,sumnat1 an idol ( /one1 five y>ds 9 height1 two ( :i* 7 sunk 9 ! gr\nd4 ,! k+ 0 enrag$ :5 he saw ?is idol1 & rais+ 8 mace1 /ruck (f ! nose f ! face4 ,he !n ord]$ t two pieces ( ! image %\ld be brok5 (f1 to be s5t to ,ghizni1 !re to be ?r[n at ! ?re%old ( ! public mosque1 & 9 ! c\rt ( 8 palace4 ,two m fragm5ts he res]v$ to be s5t to ,mecca & ,m$9a4 ,:5 ,mahmood 0 ?us employ$ 9 break+ up ,sumnat1 a cr[d ( ,brahm9s petition$ 8 att5dants1 & (f]$ "s crores 7t5 millions7 9 gold1 if ! k+ %\ld be pleas$ to proce$ no fur!r4 ,! ,omrahs endeav\r$ to p]suade ,mahmood to accept ! money2 = !y said t break+ up ! idol c\ld n remove idolatry f ! walls ( ,sumnat1 t !re=e x w\ld s]ve no purpose to de/roy ! image1 b t su* a sum ( money giv5 9 *>ity1 among believ]s1 w\ld be a v m]itori\s action4 ,! k+ ackn[l$g$ t :at !y said 01 9 "s measure1 true2 b %\ld he cons5t to t b>ga91 he might ju/ly be call$ a sell] ( idols2 & t he look$ ^u a break] ( !m z a m hon\rable title4 ,he !re=e ord]$ !m to proce$4 ,! next bl[ hav+ brok5 up ! belly ( ,sumnat1 :i* _h be5 made holl[1 !y discov]$ t x 0 full ( diamonds1 rubies1 & pe>ls1 ( a mu* great] value ?an ! am\nt ( :at ! ,brahm9s _h (f]$1 s t a zeal = religion 0 n ! sole cause ( _! application to ,mahmood4 ,x is said1 by "s writ]s1 t ! "n ( ?is idol is a comp\nd ^w ( ,sum & ,nat2 ,sum be+ ! "n ( ! pr9ce :o erect$ x1 & ,nat ! true "n ( ! god2 :i* 9 ! language ( ! ,brahm9s1 signifies ,creator4 ,9 ! "t ( eclipses we are told t !re us$ to be =ty or fifty ?\s& wor%ipp]s at ?is temple2 & t ! diff]5t pr9ces ( ,h9do/an _h be/[$1 9 all1 two ?\s& villages1 ) _! t]ritories1 = ! ma9t5ance ( its prie/s2 besides ! innum]able pres5ts receiv$ f all p>ts ( ! empire4 ,x 0 a cu/om among ^! idolat]s1 to wa% ,sumnat1 e morn+ & ev5+1 ) fre% wat] f ! ,ganges1 ?\gh t riv] is above "o ?\s& miles di/ant4 ,among ! spoils ( ?is temple 0 a *a9 ( gold1 weigh+ =ty maunds1 :i* hung f ! top ( ! build+ by a r+4 ,x support$ a great bell1 :i* w>n$ ! p to ! wor%ip ( ! god4 ,besides two ?\s&s ,brahm9s1 :o (ficiat$ z prie/s1 !re belong$ to ! temple five hundr$ danc+-girls1 ?ree hundr$ musicians1 & ?ree hundr$ b>b]s1 to %ave ! devotees be=e !y 7 admitt$ to ! pres5ce ( ,sumnat4 ,! danc+-girls 7 ei!r rem>kable = _! beauty or _! quality1 ! ,rajas ?9k+ x a hon\r to h _! daught]s admitt$4 ,! k+ ( ,ghizni f\nd 9 ?is temple1 a great] quantity ( jewels & gold1 ?an1 x is ?\ght1 any royal treasury conta9$ be=e4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ,eb5 ,assur1 x is relat$ t !re 0 no light 9 ! temple1 b "o p5dant lamp1 :i* be+ reflect$ f ! jewels1 spread a /rong & refulg5t light ov] ! :ole place4 ,besides ! great idol above m5tion$1 !re 7 9 ! temple "s ?\s&s ( small images1 9 gold & silv]1 ( v>i\s %apes & dim5sions4 ,! idol de/roy$ by ,mahmood 01 9 fact1 "o ( ! twelve great ,l+as1 !n set up 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,india1 sev]al ( :i* besides ,somesw>e1 or ,somana?1 :i* 0 ! "n ( ! ,siva demoli%$ by ,mahmood1 7 de/roy$ by ! e>ly ,mahomm$an conqu]ors4 ,9 ! ,k$>a ,kalpa1 ,siva says3 ,i am omnipres5t1 b ,i am especially 9 twelve =ms & places4 7#a7 ,somana?a1 9 ,saura%tra4 7#b7 ,mallik>juna1 or ,sri ,saila4 7#c7 ,mahakala1 9 ,ouge94 7#d7 ,omk>a1 said to h be5 9 ,ujay94 7#e7 ,am>esw>a1 also plac$ 9 ,ujay94 7#f7 ,vaidyana?1 at ,deog]h 9 ,b5gal4 7#g7 ,ramesa1 at ,setub&ha4 7#h7 ,bhimasank>a1 9 ,dak9i4 7,! #i? is miss+ f ! li/ enum]at$ by ,mr4 ,wilson 9 ! ,asiatic ,rese>*es1 said to be unkn[n74 7#aj7 ,tryambaka1 on ! banks ( ! ,gomati4 7#aa7 ,gautamesa1 site unkn[n4 7#ab7 ,k$>esa1 or ,k$>ana?1 9 ! ,himalaya4 ,"o ( ! =ms 9 :i* ! ,l+a wor%ip appe>s1 is t ( ! ,l+ayets1 ,l+awauts1 or ,jangamas4 ,^! are ! anti-bram9ical wor%ipp]s ( ,siva1 :o are di/+ui%$ by _! we>+ a small idol1 ei!r hung on ! brea/1 r\nd ! neck or arm1 or plac$ 9 ! turban2 ! idol is ( silv] or copp]4 ,9 common ) ! ,saivas1 g5]ally ! ,jangamas sme> _! =eheads ) ,vibhuti or a%es1 & we> necklaces & ros>ies ( ! ,rudrak%a se$4 ,! prie/s /a9 _! g>m5ts ) r$ o*re4 ,!y h nev] be5 v num]\s 9 ! nor? ( ,india1 be+ r>ely met ) except z begg>s1 lead+ ab\t a bull1 ! liv+ type ( ,n&i1 ! bull ( ,siva1 decorat$ ) h\s+s ( v>i\s col\rs & /r+s ( ,c[ri %ells3 ! conductor c>ries a bell 9 8 h&1 & ?us accompani$ goes ab\t f place to place1 subsi/+ ^u alms4 ,^! are ! disciples ( ,basava1 :om !y reg>d z a =m ( ! god ,siva4 ,!y are num]\s 9 ! ,s\? ( ,india1 among ! ,can>ese1 ! ,telugus1 & ! ,tamils1 ! (ficiat+ prie/s ( ! ,saiva %r9es are g5]ally ( ?is sect1 :5 !y be> ! designations ( ,aradyha1 & ,p&>am4 ,! sect is also kn[n by ! "n ( ,vira ,saiva4 ,_m ye>s ago1 ,pr(essor ,wilson suppli$ c]ta9 in=mation relative to ?is sect 9 8 pap] 9 ! #ag? volume ( ! ,asiatic ,rese>*es4 ,t in=mation 0 suffici5tly int]e/+ to create a desire = fur!r p>ticul>s4 ,additional rese>*es 7 accord+ly ent]$ ^u & we are n[ able to supply a mu* full] acc\nt ?an _h hi!rto be5 possible4 ,among ,brahm9s ! ,sm>tas 7foll[]s ( ,sanc> ,a*>i7 are g5]ally call$ saivites1 b are 9 fact free?9k]s1 equally will+ to adore ,siva & ,vi%nu4 ,_! cre$ may be f\nd 9 ! ,mahabh>at1 ! ,bhagavat1 & ! ,ramayan1 all ( :i* are entirely reject$ by ! disciples ( ,basava4 ,!re are inde$ "s few ,siva ,brahm9s :o (ficiate z prie/s 9 ! ,siva temples1 & ?\gh b little is kn[n ( _! peculi>ities !y c]ta9ly are diff]5t f ! ,sm>tas1 :o refuse to receive ! holy wat] & rice4 ,! ,vira-,saivas are divid$ into two sects3 "o is semi-bram9ical1 call$ ,aradhyas2 ! o!r is anti-bram9ical1 & is call$ ,jangam4 ,! ,aradhyas claim to be desc5dants ( saivite brahm9s1 & betwe5 !m & ! ,sm>tas !re is a c]ta9 degree ( reluctant int]c\rse3 f\nd$ ^u ! rites ( initiation :i* bo? p>ties use4 ,_! hi/ory1 :5 dive/$ ( fabul\s decoration seems to be t1 _! cre$ 0 f\nd$ by ,basava1 :om !y adore z _! "o deity2 look+ ^u him z an avat> or inc>nation ( ,siva1 ! god ( ?is cre$4 ,basava 0 ! son ( a ,saivite brahm91 nam$ ,mad5ga ,madamantri1 at ,h+ulesw>am1 a village ne> ,bagw>i 9 ,belgaum1 9 ! s\!rn ,mahratta c\ntry4 ,:5 he 0 a boy he refus$ 7!y allege7 to we> ! bram9ical ?read1 because ! rites t conf] ?is m>k ( initiation require ! adoration ( ! sun 9 ! mann] prescrib$ 9 ! ,v$as4 ,p]haps 9 tru? he did assume x1 b if s1 he subsequ5tly r5\nc$ x4 ,%ortly aft] ?is "t he escap$ f 8 p>5ts1 & accompani$ by 8 si/] ,acca ,nagamma1 he fl$ to ,calianum1 ! capital ( ! ,c>nataca c\ntry1 :]e ! reign+ pr9ce 0 ,bizzala or ,vijala1 a ,ja9a by religion1 ^: m9i/]1 a brahm91 0 ,basava's mat]nal uncle3 he be/[$ employm5t on ,basava1 & ultimately gave him 8 daught] 9 m>riage4 7,?is proves1 says a writ] 9 ! ,madras ,j\rnal1 9 my op9ion1 ?\gh oppos$ to t ( 8 foll[]s1 t he did n lay aside ! bram9ical ?read 9 *ildhood1 = _h he done s no brahm9 c\ld h giv5 him 8 daught] 9 m>riage47 ,at 8 dea? ,basava succe$$ to 8 (fice1 & gradually usurp$ great p[]4 ,x w\ld seem t at ?is "t he began to comp>e ! oppos$ /atem5ts ( ,ja9as & ,brahm9s1 & p]ceiv$ t bo? cre$s 7 idolatr\s4 ,9 ! end he det]m9$ on gett+ rid ( ! bram9ical prie/craft1 & accord+ly refus$ to wor%ip any deity b ,siva1 ^: image1 ! l+am1 is ! mo/ anci5t idol kn[n among ! ,h9dus4 ,a writ] on ! subject says3--,?is symbol is z sep>ate f indec5cy 9 ! ,h9du m9d z circumcision is to ! ,mahom$an m9d4 ,! ,brahm9s ) _! usual love ( fil? h connect$ a v>iety ( obsc5ities ) ! l+a wor%ip1 b ^! are :olly unkn[n to ! ,jangams1 :o look ^u ?is idol j z ! ca?olics d ^u a reliqu>y1 ) deep v5]ation ',hang+ a gold5 /amp ab\t _! necks ,put on ) holy pray]s4' ,! image erect$ 9 ! ,saiva temples be+ d5om9at$ ,/hav>a ,l+a1 or ! /able image1 he d5om9at$ ?is reliqu>y ! ,jangama ,l+am or ,locomotive image3 a phrase borr[$ f ! ,v$as1 :]e x is us$ = liv+ be+4 ,h5ce he & 8 foll[]s are d5om9at$ ,jangams1 or liv+ images ( ! deity4 ,basava's det]m9$ opposition to ! ,saivite ,brahm9s & to ! ,ja9as rais$ him _m enemies2 :ile 8 b\nty to ! poor ga9$ him fri5ds equally num]\s4 ,at la/ ! pr9ce's jeal\sy 0 r\s$1 & a civil w> ensu$1 :]e9 ,bizzala 0 sla91 & ?is ev5t 0 soon succe$$ by ! dea? ( ,basava1 :o1 accord+ to 8 foll[]s 0 absorb$ into ! image1 or vani%$2 :ile ! ,ja9a acc\nt decl>es t he fl$ to ,capila ,sangam1 :]e ! ,malp>ba & ,kri%na riv]s meet1 ab\t "o hundr$ & f\r miles we/ ( ,bell>y4 ,! "n ,basava is a v common "o among ,h9dus3 ! ,jangams h tak5 occasion f _! tea*] hav+ borne x to feign t he 0 an inc>nation ( ,n&i or ,bassava 7! ,apis or bull app]ta9+ to ,siva or ,osiris71 & ?is has be5 ! s\rce ( num]\s idle leg5ds 9 ! subject4 ,! ,basava ,purana aft] record+ ! ev5ts j allud$ to1 enum]ates v>i\s m>vell\s actions1 p]=m$ by ,basava & sev]al ( 8 disciples1 su* z conv]t+ gra9s ( corn to pe>ls1 discov]+ hidd5 treasures1 fe$+ multitudes1 heal+ ! sick1 & re/or+ ! dead to life1 & !n gives v>i\s anecdotes f :i* we make a selection4 ,basava hav+ made himself rem>kable = ! pr(use b\nties he be/[$ ^u ! ,jangamas1 help+ himself f ! royal treasury = t purpose1 ! o!r m9i/]s report$ 8 conduct to ,bijala1 :o call$ ^u him to acc\nt = ! money 9 8 *>ge4 ,basava smil$1 & giv+ ! keys ( ! treasury to ! k+1 reque/$ him to exam9e x1 :i* be+ done1 ! am\nt 0 f\nd :olly undim9i%$4 ,bijala !reupon caus$ x to be proclaim$1 t :oev] calumniat$ ,basava1 %\ld h 8 tongue cut out4 ,a ,jangama1 :o cohabit$ ) a danc+-girl1 s5t a slave = 8 all[ance ( rice to ! h\se ( ,basava1 :]e ! mess5g] saw ! wife ( ! latt]1 & on 8 return report$ to ! danc+-girl ! magnific5ce ( h] attire4 ,! mi/ress ( ! ,jangama 0 fill$ ) a long+ = a simil> dress1 & ! ,jangama hav+ no o!r means ( gratify+ h]1 repair$ to ,basava1 to beg ( him 8 wife's g>m5t4 ,basava imm$iately /ripp$ ,gangamba1 8 wife1 & o!r dresses spr++ f h] body1 he gave !m all to ! ,jangama4 ,a p]son ( ! "n ( ,kanapa1 :o regul>ly wor%ipp$ ! image ( ,ckamresw>a1 imag9+ ! eyes ( ! deity 7 affect$1 pluck$ out 8 own1 & plac$ !m 9 ! sockets ( ! figure4 ,siva1 pleas$ ) 8 devotion1 re/or$ 8 wor%ipp] 8 eyes4 ,a dev\t ,saiva nam$ ,mahadevala ,ma*aya1 :o engag$ to wa% = all ! ,jangamas1 hav+ kill$ a *ild1 ! ,raja ord]$ ,basava to h him secur$ & puni%$2 b ,basava decl9$ und]tak+ ! duty1 z x w\ld be unavail+ to (f] any h>m to ! wor%ipp]s ( ,siva4 ,bijala p]si/+1 s5t 8 s]vants to seize & tie him to ! legs ( an elephant1 b ,ma*aya caught ! elephant by ! trunk1 & da%$ him & 8 att5dant to pieces4 ,he !n proce$$ to attack ! ,raja1 :o be+ al>m$1 appli$ to ,basava1 & by 8 advice1 humbl$ himself be=e ! (f5d$ ,jangama4 ,basava also deprecat$ 8 wra?1 & ,ma*aya be+ appeas$1 =gave ! k+1 & re/or$ ! elephant & ! gu>ds to life4 ,a poor ,jangam hav+ solicit$ alms ( ,k9n>aya1 "o ( ,basava's *ief disciples1 ! latt] t\*$ ! /ones ab\t !m ) 8 /aff1 & conv]t+ !m into gold1 told ! ,jangam to help himself4 ,! "w is also 9 _m places address$ to ! ,ja9as1 9 ! %ape ( a dialogue betwe5 "s ( ! ,jangama sa9ts & ! memb]s ( t fai?1 9 :i* ! =m] n>rate to ! latt] in/ances ( ! sup]iority ( ! ,saiva religion1 & ! falsehood ( ! ,ja9 fai?1 :i* appe>s to h be5 t ( ,bijala ,raza1 & ! great "p ( ! population ( ,kalyana4 ,9 ord] to conv]t !m ,ckanta ,ramaya1 "o ( ,basava's disciples1 cut (f 8 head 9 _! pres5ce1 & !n m>*$ five days 9 solemn procession ?r\gh & r\nd ! city1 & on ! fif? day replac$ 8 head ^u 8 %\ld]s4 ,! ,ja9 ,pagodas 7 !reupon1 x is said1 de/roy$ by ! ,jangamas4 ,x does n appe>1 h[ev]1 t ! k+ 0 made a conv]t1 or t he approv$ ( ! pr9ciples & conduct ( 8 m9i/]4 ,he seems1 on ! contr>y1 to h incurr$ 8 dea? by attempt+ to repress ! ext5sion ( ! ,vira ,saiva belief4 ,diff]5t au?orities1 al?\gh !y disagree z to ! mann] 9 :i* ,bijala 0 de/roy$1 concur 9 /at+ ! fact4 ,9 ! city ( ,kalyana 7 two dev\t wor%ipp]s ( ,siva1 nam$ ,allaya & ,madhuvaya4 ,!y fix$ _! fai? firmly on ! div9ity !y ador$1 & assidu\sly rev]5c$ _! spiritual preceptor1 att5d+ ^u ,basava :i!rsoev] he w5t4 ,! k+1 ,bijala1 well knew _! m]its1 b clos$ 8 eyes to _! sup]iority1 & li/5+ to ! calumni\s accusations ( _! enemies1 comm&$ ! eyes ( ,allaya & ,madhuvaya to be pluck$ out4 ,! disciples ( ,basava1 z well z himself1 7 highly indignant at ! cruel treatm5t ( ^! holy m51 & leav+ to ,jagaddeva1 ! task ( putt+ ,bijala to dea?1 & d5\nc+ imprecations ^u ! city1 !y dep>t$ f ,kalyana--,basava fix$ 8 resid5ce at ,sangamesw>a4 ,ma*aya1 ,bommidevaya1 ,k9n>a1 ,kanna?a1 ,kakaya1 ,masayana1 ,kolakila1 ,bommadeva1 ,kesirajaya1 ,ma?irajaya1 & o!rs1 ann\nc$ to ! p1 t ! =tunes ( ,bijala _h pass$ away1 z indicat$ by port5t\s signs2 & accord+ly ! cr[s cr[$ 9 ! night1 jackals h[l$ by day2 ! sun 0 eclips$1 /orms ( w9d & ra9 came on1 ! e>? %ook1 & d>kness ov]spread ! heav5s4 ,! inhabitants ( ,kalyana 7 fill$ ) t]ror4 ,:5 ,jagaddeva repair$ home1 8 "m met him1 & told him :5 any injury _h be5 done to a disciple ( ! ,saiva fai?1 8 fell[ %\ld av5ge him or die4 ,:5 ,dak%a treat$ ,siva ) contumely1 ,p>vati ?rew h]self into ! flames1 & s1 "u ! wrong (f]$ to ! sa9ts1 he %\ld n sit d[n cont5t$3 ?us say+1 %e gave him food at ! door ( 8 mansion4 ,?i!r also came ,mallaya & ,bommaya1 two o!rs ( ! sa9ts1 & !y p>took ( ,jagaddeva's meal4 ,!n sme>+ _! bodies ) holy a%es1 !y took up ! spe>1 & sword1 & %ield1 & m>*$ toge!r aga9/ ,bijala4 ,on _! way a bull appe>$1 :om !y knew to be a =m ( ,basava come to _! aid1 & ! bull w5t fir/1 ev5 to ! c\rt ( ! k+1 gor+ any "o t came 9 _! way1 & op5+ a cle> pa? = !m4 ,?us !y rea*$ ! c\rt1 & put ,bijala to dea? 9 ! mid/ ( all 8 c\rti]s1 & !n !y danc$1 & proclaim$ ! cause :y !y _h put ! k+ to dea?4 ,jugaddeva on 8 way back recall+ ! words ( 8 "m1 /abb$ himself4 ,!n arose diss5sion 9 ! city1 & ! p f\ght among/ !mselves1 & horses ) horses1 & elephants ) elephants1 until1 agreeably to ! curse d5\nc$ ^u x by ,basava & 8 disciples1 ,kalyana 0 utt]ly de/roy$4 ,basava cont9u$ to reside at ,sangamesw>a1 conv]s+ ) 8 disciples1 & commun+ ) ! div9e ,ess5ce1 & he expo/ulat$ ) ,siva1 say+1 ',by ?y comm& h ,i1 & ?y att5dant tra91 come ^u e>?1 & ?\ ha/ promis$ to recall u to ?y pres5ce :5 our task 0 accompli%$4' ,!n ,siva & ,p>vati came =? f ! ,sangamesw>a ,l+am1 & 7 visible to ,basava1 :o fell on ! gr\nd be=e !m4 ,!y rais$ him1 & l$ him to ! sanctu>y1 & all ?ree disappe>$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! disciples1 & !y prais$ _! ma/]1 & fl[]s fell f ! sky1 & !n ! disciples spread !mselves abroad1 & made kn[n ! absorption ( ,basava into ! emblem ( ,siva4#h #h ,see ! ,mack5zie ,collection1 vol4 #b1 ,halakan>a ,,mss4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,madras ,lit]>y ,j\rnal1 upw>ds ( fifty ye>s ago1 said t by p]us+ ! books & obs]v+ ! cu/oms ( ! ,jangams1 we might pla9ly see ! gr\nds ( t hatr$ 9 :i* ,brahm9s held ! ,jangams4 ,_! lead] 0 ! resolute oppon5t ( e bram9ical pr9ciple4 ,! ,brahm9s inculcat$ ! adoration ( _m gods4 ,he decl>$ t !re 0 only "o sole deity4 ,!y v5]at$ goddesses & subord9ate be+s2 !y rev]5c$ c[s1 hawks1 monkeys1 rats & snakes2 !y us$ fa/s & fea/s1 p5ance & pilgrimage1 ros>ies & holy wat]4 ,all ^! he r5\nc$2 he set aside ! ,v$as :i* !y v5]at$4 ,!y decl>$ ,brahm9s to be lit]ally gods ^u e>?1 wom5 to be va/ly inf]ior to m5 9 all ?+s1 & p>ias to be utt]ly abom9able4 ,basava aboli%$ ^! di/9ctions4 ,he taught t all m5 are holy 9 proportion z !y are temples ( ! great _s2 t by bir? all are equal2 & among/ ^? :om ! ,jangam books describe z sa9ts1 we f9d n a s+le ,brahm91 b _m p>ias & _m wom54 ,9 ! bram9ical writ+s1 wom5 are usually treat$ 9 a mann] abhorr5t to ,european feel+s1 b 9 ! ,jangama books we f9d a v diff]5t temp]4 ,! ?ree words ,guru1 ,l+a1 ,jangam1 are said to comprise ! cre$ ( ! sect1 & 7 evid5tly int5d$ to disav[ e "p ( ! bram9ical prie/ly tyranny4 ,?is my/ic phrase is ?us exp\nd$4 ,! image 7l+am7 is ! deity3 ! ,jangam is ! we>] or fell[ wor%ipp]3 & he :o brea!s ! sacr$ spell 9 ! e> is ! ,guru4 ,?us he supplies ! l9k betwe5 ! god & ! wor%ipp]1 & ev] aft] is look$ ^u ) affection z ! true p>5t3 ev5 m respect$ ?an ! fa!r accord+ to ! fle%4 ,=1 says ! ,jangam1 ,i am "o ) ! deity1 & he alone is my fa!r :o conf]r$ ?is unity on me4 ,brahm9s frequ5tly allege t ! ,jangams are a deprav$ sect1 :o are guid$ by ! ,tantras or h]etical books1 says ,mr4 ,br[n1 b we %\ld n incauti\sly believe ?is4 ,! ,jangams are 9 all respects oppos$ to lic5ti\sness1 :i* is ! ma9-spr+ ( ! ,tantras4 ,! ,jangams came f ! we/1 ! ,tantricas f ! nor?4 ,! ,jangams adore ! ,l+a1 & abhor ,maia ! goddess ( delusion 7,v5us or ,cali1 z ,devi71 :o is expressly ! goddess 7,yoni1 or ,bhaga ,mal9i7 ( ! ,tantricas4 ,! ,tantricas take no notice ( ! ,l+am2 !y adore ,betala 7! devil71 & o!r malevol5t p[]s4 ,! ,jangams hon\r ,siva z ,dax9a ,murti1 or ! b5efic5t & lov+ deity4 ,! ,tantricas say !y aim at a p]fect release f fle%ly lu/s4 ,! ,jangams d ! same4 ,b ! =m] be+ hypocrites pret5d to yield to _! passions z ! pa? to fre$om4 ,:]eas ! ,vira ,saivas call on _! vot>ies to d5y !mselves 9 all respects4 ,!y att5d especially to ! rules conc]n+ fun]als1 m>riage2 & plac+ infants 9 ! cre$4 ,on all ^! po9ts ! ,tantras are sil5t4 ,! ,tantras inculcate ! use ( fle%1 w9e1 magic & debau*]y1 ! ,jangam cre$ abhors ^!4 ,! ,jangams are an av[$ sect2 ! ,tantricas assume ! guise ( ,sm>tas4 ,! ,jangams tra9 up _! *ildr5 9 _! cre$2 ! ,tantricas m]ely admit proselytes4 ,! ,jangams are sob]1 dev\t & humble2 ! ,tantricas are debau*$1 a!i/ical & pr\d4 ,! ,jangams are rigid puritans3 ! ,tantricas are lic5ti\s a!i/s4 ,h]e9 _! depravity resembles t ( ! wor%ipp]s ( ,isis 9 ,rome1 ! ,/4 ,simonians 9 ,france1 ! ,illum9ati1 & o!r philosoph]s ( ,g]many1 ! foll[]s ( ,caglio/ro 9 ,italy1 & ! ,ness]eahs at ,k]rund 9 ,p]sia4 ,) a few t\*es ( 8 felicit\s p5cil1 ,%akespe>e has giv5 a view ( _! sy/em1 or philosophy :i* is ! ,sacti ,puja or ,wor%ip ( ,p[]4 ,?us ev]y?+ includes itself 9 ,p[]3 ,p[] into w3 w into ,appetite3 ,& ,appetite1 an univ]sal wolf1 ,s d\bly second$ ) ,w & ,p[] ,mu/ make p]=ce an univ]sal prey1 ,&1 la/1 eat up himself4 ,,troilus ,i4 ,aga9 7,,antony ,,& ,,cleopatra1 ,,ii41 #a47-- ,let wit*craft jo9 ) beauty1 lu/ ) bo?3 ,tie up ! lib]t9e 9 a field ( sweets ,keep 8 bra9 fum+1 c4 ,inde$1 ! sotti% aspirations ( ,gonzalo 7,tempe/1 ,act ,,ii1 ,sc5e #a71 give a summ>y ( ! bac*analian rites taught 9 ! ,tantras4 ,& if ! read] has any curiosity reg>d+ _! sy/em ( magic1 he w f9d x 9 ,dr4 ,h]klot's ,engli% translation ( ! ,canom-e-,islam1 or cu/oms ( ! ,moosulmans ( ,india4 ,kn[+ ! des]v$ odium t atta*es to ! ,tantras1 ,brahm9s ass]t t ^! con/itute ! ,jangam sy/em4 ,b 7 ?is ! case h[ does x happ5 t ! ,tantra volumes are f\nd only 9 ! possession ( ,brahm9s8 ,! fact is t bo? p>ties read ! ,tantras f motives ( curiosity1 j z a ,prote/ant might read ! ,koran )\t 9 any po9t adopt+ ! ,mahomm$an fai?4 ,! ,jangams hone/ly av[1 & v9dicate all !y d1 !y h no motive = concealm5t4 ,! ,brahm9 acts on an opposite pr9ciple & assures u t ! ,jangams are a deprav$ & s5seless set ( h]etics1 :o obey ! levell+ pr9ciples ( ! ,tantras1 & pay hon\r to ! vile/ ca/es4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t no in/ance is kn[n ( a ,vira ,saiva act+ on ! pr9ciples laid d[n 9 ! ,tantras4 ,to excuse _! aptness to read ^! abom9ations !y allege t ! ,tantras belong to _! cre$ because !y describe ,siva z ! great deity1 & c\nt5ance1 z ,basava does1 ! abolition ( ca/e4 ,^! are b sl5d] apologies1 = su* an imitation ( ! evil example set !m by ! ,brahm9s4 ,! ,m9da ,jangamas or ,ba*elors are spok5 ( 9 v>i\s passages ( ! ,l+adh>i poems4 ,!y are confess$ to be lib]t9es1 b are dev\t4 ,!y h int]views ) 7,vesias7 c\rtezans :o are likewise dev\t66 ,! foll[+ is ! receiv$ op9ion4 ,! ,jangams are entirely =bidd5 to h int]c\rse ) pro/itutes3 b among ! e>lie/ proselytes 7 "s unm>ri$ m51 :o 7 p]mitt$ by ,basava to h int]c\rse ) c\rtezans :o belong$ to ! sect4 ,^! m5 7 call$ ,m9da ,jangams or lib]t9es1 & 9 ! pres5t age !re are none2 = all are b\nd ei!r to m>riage or to virtu\s celibacy4 ,9 ! we/]n di/ricts !re are pro/itutes :o are call$ ,basv9is1 & are said to be ?us devot$ by _! p>5ts1 on _! lives be+ 9 dang] ?r\gh illness 9 infancy4 ,"s ( ^! are daught]s ( ,jangams3 b all are n s1 be+ *ildr5 ( ,h9dus ( o!r ca/es4 ,i h he>d ( "s ,jangams 9 simil> cases attempt+ to remove a *ild's illness by giv+ x a bram9ical "n1 ) a view to appease "s god or goddess1 ^: displeasure is imag9$ to h caus$ disease4 ,^! /atem5ts c]ta9ly %ew ! purity ( ! cre$ n to be s complete z its devotees ass]t4 ,! ,vira ,saivas illu/rate _! cre$ by a comp>ison q 9 ! ,h9du /yle4 ,!y say1 ! guru is ! c[3 ^: m\? is ! ,jangam or bro!r 9 ! fai?2 & ! l+am or image is ! udd]4 ,! c[ b5efits its own] by means ( ! udd]3 b :at fills ! udd]8 ! m\?4 ,& :at connects ! m\? & ! udd]8 ! body4 ,accord+ly if a ,vira ,saiva wi%es ! image to b5efit him 7t is1 if he desires to obta9 ! fav\r ( ! deity71 he mu/ fe$ ! m\?--t is su/a9 & com=t 8 bre?r54 ,& !n ! bless+ w be convey$ to him by means ( ! tea*]4 ,accord+ly ! ,jangams blame ! ,aradhyas = neglect+ ?is comm&1 & ask h[ !y c expect ! image to n\ri% !m if !y neglect to su/a9 bre?r5 & fell[s 9 ! fai?1 = ! ,aradhya refuses to look ^u any b ,aradhyas z bre?r54 ,! /range/ "p ( _! leg5ds reg>d+ ,siva is t :]e9 he is repres5t$ 9 ! mo/ contemptible light z completely ! s]vant ( v>i\s wor?ies or sa9ts4 ,su* /ories ab\nd 9 ! ,basava ,puran b are exclud$ f ! ,lila4 ,9 ^!1 "s p]sonages are repres5t$ "u mo/ degrad$ circum/ances1 z obey+ or wait+ ^u ! sa9t :om ! leg5d extols4 ,?us 9 ! f\r? book ( ! ,basava ,puran is a /ory ( a c]ta9 wor?y nam$ ,nambi1 :o by =ce ( fai? got ,siva s completely into 8 h&s t he employ$ ! god z a m]e slave4 ,9 ano!r /ory "o ( ! wor?ies scold$ ,siva1 :o 0 s mu* al>m$ t he slunk r\nd ! o!r side ( ! image1 & ran away into ! jungle4 ,o!r /ories repres5t ?is paltry demi-god act+ ei!r z a ?ief or z a receiv] ( /ol5 goods1 to protect 8 ador]s2 & !y frequ5tly repres5t him z act+ ! "p ( a p&]1 at ! bidd+ ( "o ( ! wor?ies4 ,9 apology = ^! /ories ,jangams allege t !y all e/abli% ! necessity ( fai? z ! great means ( atta9+ happ9ess & miracul\s p[]4 ,z ! ,brahm9s1 say !y1 call !mselves gods ^u e>?1 we w %ew t our wor?ies are q a mat* = !m4 ,accord+ly !re are _m leg5ds to prove t food or ! leav+s ( food bless$ by a wor?y1 c p]=m all sorts ( miracles4 ,= in/ance1 a ,brahm91 :o1 by a curse1 _h become a sw9e1 ate :at a ,jangam _h spit out & h]eby resum$ ! human =m4 ,else:]e a ,jangam's %oe works miracles4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ravunu 0 once c>ry+ an unadee-l+u f ,himaluyu to ,lunka1 9 ord] t he might accompli% all 8 ambiti\s s*emes aga9/ ! gods1 = x 0 ! prop]ty ( ?is /one1 also call$ ,kamu-l+u1 to grant ! wor%ipp] all 8 desires1 :atev] !y might be4 ,%9u1 h[ev]1 9 p]mitt+ him to remove ?is1 8 image to ,lunka1 made ,ravunu promise t :]ev] he let x t\* ! gr\nd1 !re x %\ld be set up4 ,:5 ! gods saw t ,ravunu 0 c>ry+ ?is /one to ,lunka1 all _! heav5s 7 9 an upro>1 = !y knew t if ,ravunu c\ld d :at he pleas$1 nei!r ,indru nor any o!r god w\ld be able to sit on 8 ?rone4 ,c\ncil aft] c\ncil 0 held1 & appeals to ?is & to t god made1 9 va94 ,at la/ x 0 resolv$ t ,vurvonu %\ld be s5t1 to cause ! sea to ent] ! belly ( ,ravunu1 :o w\ld !reby be compell$ to set ! /one d[n :ile he dis*>g$ 8 wat]4 7,ravunu c\ld n cont9ue to hold ! l+u :ile 9 ?is act1 z a p]son becomes unclean at ?is "t until he has ba!d74 ,vurvonu accord+ly set (f1 & ent]$ ! belly ( ,ravunu1 z he 0 c>ry+ ! l+u on 8 head1 & ! latt] soon began to feel ! effect ( 8 visit4 ,8 belly swell$ prodigi\sly1 b he w5t on till he c\ld hold 8 wat] no long]4 ,at ?is mom5t ,indru1 9 ! =m ( an old ,bramhun1 met him4 ,ravunu ask$ him :o he 01 & :]e he 0 go+8 ,! latt] told him he 0 an old ,bramhun go+ home4 ,ravunu entreat$ him to take hold ( ! l+u = a %ort "t1 & he w\ld be/[ ^u him ! greate/ fav\rs4 ,at l5g? ! ,bramhun cons5t$1 & ,ravunu1 sett+ ! l+u on 8 head1 squat on 8 hams to ease himself4 ,! ,bramhun agre$ to hold ! /one an h\r b no long]4 ,ravunu told him he %\ld n keep him half t "t4 ,aft] ,ravunu _h ?us sat = f\r h\rs1 ! ,bramhun compla9$ he c\ld hold ! /one no long]1 & he ?rew x d[n1--:5 ! bottom "p sunk into patulu1 & ! top "p rema9s to ?is day 9 a place 9 ! zillah ( ,be]bhoom1 call$ ,voidyuna?u1 :i* is also ! "n ( ?is l+u1 & ! riv] at t place call$ ,khursoo is said to h aris5 f ! wat] ( ,ravunu4 ,ravunu :5 he arose1 see+ :at _h tak5 place1 full ( rage & disappo9tm5t1 w5t home3 "s acc\nts say1 hav+ discov]$ t ! gods _h play$ him ?is trick1 he w5t & f\ght ) !m 9 ! mo/ furi\s mann]4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,l+am wor%ip 9 ! ,%eeve ,p\ran4 ,9 ! ,%eeve ,p\ran are ! foll[+ ref]5ces to l+am-wor%ip4 ,*apt] #ch--,p>ticul>isation ( ! ,l+s ( ,s$a ,%eev2 & fir/ ( ! twelve ,jyotee ,l+s1 ) ! hi/ory ( ! fir/1 call$ ,som5ta!4 ,*apt] #dj--,( sundry ,l+s2 & ( ,atree1 ! ,re%ee1 & 8 wife ,anesoomya1 procur+ ! access ( ! ,ganges 9 a mo/ extraord9>y dr\ght4 ,*apt] #da--,%eev's appe>ance 9 ,m]tye ,lok to ! ,ree%ees' wives1 ) a ,l+ 9 8 h&1 :ile ! husb&s 7 abs5t4 ,_! curses on return+1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ,%eev's ,l+ fell (f2 & mov+ along on ! gr\nd1 burnt :]ev] x t\*$4 ,! ,deivetas1 9 despair1 appli$ to ,brahma1 :o advis$ !m to sacrifice to ,p>vetee1 & importune h] to assume ! correspond5t =m4 ,%e did s1 & ! two ,l+s becom+ unit$1 h ev] s9ce be5 wor%ipp$ "u t %ape by ,brahma1 ,vi%nu1 etc4 ,*apt] #fg--,kri%na wor%ips a ,l+ = sev5 mon?s1 cov]+ x e day ) leaves & fl[]s1 all ( :i* 7 aft]w>ds ?r[n into a heap3 at ! end ( t "t ,%eev appe>s 9 ! mid/ ( a heap1 & 8 augu/ "n 0 ,belei%w]4 ,*apt] #gb--,m p>ticul> acc\nt ( ! ,mahatmye ( ! ,%eeve ,ratree4 ,! hi/ory ( a hunt] :o 0 conv]t$ to religion by ! accid5tal fall+ ( ! leaves ( a tree1 :]e he _h plac$ himself to %oot de] on a ,l+1 :i* _h be5 turn$ up by ! de]'s foot3 ! de] & 8 :ole family _h engag$ !mselves by /rong oa?s to return & (f] !mselves z food = ! hunt]'s *ildr51 & all kept _! promise4 ,ano!r4--,! att5dants ( ,%eev & ,dh]ma ,raj dispute ab\t ! prop]ty 9 ! s\l ( a ?ief1 :o 0 sla9 9 /eal+ ! victuals belong+ to a sacrifice2 b hav+ light$ a lamp on ! ,vrete ,%eeve ,ratree1 = ! m]e purpose ( di/+ui%+ 8 prey1 ! holy act ( light+ ! lamp 0 held suffici5t to secure 8 salvation4 ,f\r? ,adhyaye4 ,brehma is ord]$ to create ! ,_w4 ,on ! ,sm]5e ( ^! five ,m5tres :i* 7 taught to ,vi%nu1 ,%ree ,meha ,deiv1 :o is ! compilation ( all p]fections1 came himself & taught ,vi%nu o!r ,m5tres1 & ,vi%nu taught ^? ,m5tres1 & ! mode ( ,gyan = !m1 to ,brehma4 ,brehma1 ) deep =esight & capaci\s und]/&+1 hav+ practis$ ! ,sm]5e ( all ^! ,m5tres 9 purity ( he>t1 ?us address$ 8 pray]s to ! maje/y ( ,%ree ,meha ,deiv4 ,a di/i*4 ',o ?\ :o kn[e/ bo? :at is pres5t & :at is conceal$1 ,o ?\1 :o art ! und]/&+ ( ! s9n] & ! sa9t1 ,o tea* ?y devotees ! sev]al works :i* x w please !e to p]=m1 & by :at means we may impr9t on our obsequi\s he>ts ! reflection ( ?y maje/ic ess5ce4' ,%ree ,bhegewan1 out ( ! lov+-k9dness :i* he ex]ts t[>ds 8 devotees1 turn+ himself t way1 said1 ',att5tively li/53 hav+ impr9t$ ! ,dhyan ( ?is ,l+ firmly 9 y\r he>t1 be dilig5t 9 ! ,pooja !re(4 ,f piety & devotion to ?is ,l+ %all innum]able b5efits r$\nd ^u y4' ,!n address+ himself to ,vi%nu1 he proce$$3 ',p]=m wor%ip to me ) p]fect fidelity4' ,vi%nu1 submissively signify+ ass5t ) 8 eyes1 & p]=m+ ,nemesk>1 return$ = answ]3-- ',?\ art our ,"l & we ?y slaves1 we live "o by "o 9 ?y p[]4' ,aft] ?is1 ,%ree ,meha ,deiv said3 ',hav+ ?or\ghly impress$ y\r m9ds ) ! image ( my =m1 compose all y\r d\bts & p]plexities2 & s9ce y\r orig9 is f ,prekreetee1 ye are /rong & mighty3 & ,i h divid$ my p]son into ?ree p>ts3 ,i h fix$ ,brehma on my "r h&1 ,vi%nu on my left1 & myself 9 ! place ( ! brea/4 ,&1 :]eas y\r fai?ful atta*m5t is beyond all b\nds2 :atev] desire ye %all h 9 y\r m9ds1 x %all be fulfill$4'--',aft] t1' said ,brehma1 ',i & ,vi%nu1 p]=m+ ,nemesk>1 humbly obs]v$1 t1 hav+ b\nd ourselves ) complete atta*m5t to 8 munific5t s]vice1 we 7 hopeful t we %\ld1 "u no circum/ance or place1 ev] let slip f our he>ts ! recollection ( 8 ,maje/y4' ,di/i*4 ,9 t]ms ( graci\s import he answ]$3 ',s9ce y\r creation is = ! purpose ( produc+ ! _w1 y\r reque/ ha? obta9$ its accompli%m5t2 & y\r ,bekt1 i4e41 adoration1 %all ev] be firm & or?odox t[>ds me4 ,y mu/ make a ,preteema1 i4e41 my image1 ( clay1 & p]=m ,pooja to x3 9 :i* ye %all bo? consult y\r own advantage & my cont5tm5t4 ,moreov]1 ano!r figure 9 ?is same =m ( m9e1 %all appe> f a wr9kle ( ,bremha's =ehead1 & be nam$ ,roodre1 & %all apply to compose ! p]plexities ( ! creatures2 & he %all possess p[] n inf]ior to my own4 ,betwe5 him & me !re is no di/9ction4 ,?\1 too1 & ,bremha1 & ,roodre1 we are 9 fact all "o =m1 & 9 no mann] :atsoev] is !re any diff]5ce betwe5 u f\r to be be admitt$3 except only t !re is ?is "o di/9ction betwe5 u1 t y\r orig9 is f ,prekreete & m9e is n4 ,:]e=e1 keep+ ?is 9 y\r m9ds1 be dilig5t 9 ,dyan to me4 ,! f\r ca/es also1 :i* are ! ,brehm51 ! ,kh%tree1 ! ,vi%ye1 & ! ,soodre2 & ! f\r ,a%reme1 i4e41 ! ,brehme*>ee1 ! ,grehe/1 trye1 ! ,wanepre/1 & ! ,sanyassee2 toge!r ) all o!r creatures1 %all ?\ introduce into ! field ( exi/5ce1 t !y may become capable ( ,gyan & ,aghyan4' ,& to ,vi%nu he said3 ',be ?\ ! grant] & be/[] ( ,mooktee 9 ?is _w1 & t1 :i* 9 my sight is good1 %all appe> ! same 9 ?9e2 & :osoev] %all admit any d\bts h]e9 is no ,gyanee 7i4e41 le>n$ 9 ! tru?s ( div9ity74 ,&1 ( ! ,l+s :i* h be5 already m5tion$1 hav+ made "o ( pe>l1 ano!r ( ! dung ( a mil* c[1 a ?ird ( gold1 & a f\r? ( clay1 & jo9$ !m toge!r1 be dilig5t 9 wor%ipp+ !m4' ,aft] giv+ ^! ord]s he vani%$2 & ! ,l+ ( ! ,pooja ( ,%ree ,meha ,deiv made its appe>ance f t same day4 ,he1 :o 9 pres5ce ( ,l+ %all op5 8 m\? 9 praise ( ,%ree ,meha ,deiv1 is = six mon?s 9 ! =m ( ,%ree ,meha ,deiv4 ,!re is no d\bt ( x4 ,fif? ,adhyaye4 ,! ,ree%es aga9 m5tion$ to ,soote t1 by ! p>ticul>s ( ! production ( ! ,l+1 _! greate/ crimes 7 entirely done away1 & !y became lib]at$ & r$eem$4 ,b ! ,mahatemye1 i4e41 ! might9ess ( ,%eev & ! production ( all creatures1 0 :at !y wi%$ m expressly to he> specifi$4 ,soot ,p\raneeke said3 ',a m]cy on y\r und]/&+1 = ye h well dem&$4 ,! ,l+ ( ,s$a ,%eev1 :i* is ,an5te & ,ne]goone1 ann\nc$ to ,vi%nu1 ',all creatures %all employ !mselves 9 wor%ipp+ !e1 & :osoev] %all be 9 /raights & difficulties %all obta9 release !nce by ?y fav\r4 ,?\ mu/ !re=e assume a v>iety ( appe>ances 9 ! _w1 & obta9 fame & glory by ! ,avet>s1 & conduct ! inhabitants ( ! _w to ! degree ( lib]ation4 ,i1 also1 becom+ ,roodre1 9 ?is v =m ( m9e1 w closely att5d to ! diff]5t necessities ( ^? :o %all be creat$ & soo? _! griefs & calamities4 ,z !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 !e & me1 & ,dhyan1 i4e41 ?\ght ( me1 dwells con/antly 9 ?y he>t1 ,i1 too1 w nev] be =getful ( ?y ,dhyan3 &1 :osoev] %all be a fai?ful devotee ( m9e1 & ha? at ! same "t evil ?\ghts t[>ds !e1 ,i w set aside1 all 8 m]its & des]ts t[>ds me1 & precipitate him to ! l[e/ abyss6' ,vi%nu also answ]$1',o6 ,meha ,raja1 :osoev] %all be devot$ to my ,bhekt1 & :o1 %all 9 ! lea/ in/ance be defici5t ( respect to !e1 ,i w hold him guilty ( ! blacke/ (f5ce1 & dispat* him to hell1 nor w release him !nce until ! univ]sal dissolution ( all ?+s4' ,aft] t1 ,vi%nu said to ,brehma1 ',:5ev] any difficulty %all %ew itself to me1 be ?\ my protector2 & s9ce ?\ art ! mo/ exalt$ & *ief ( all ! ,deivetas1 pay att5tion to all matt]s bo? 9 gross & detail4 ,he :o %all ackn[l$ge !e1 ackn[l$ge? me also2 & he1 :o betwe5 u two %all />t ! lea/ di/9ction1 takes ! secure/ me?od to fix himself 9 hell4 ,= ! space ( "o hundr$ gr& ye>s1 no obscurity1 nor dim9uition %all be obtrud$ on ! light ( ?y be+2 & "o ( ?y days1 :i* is compos$ ( f\r ?\s& ,yoogs1 & is call$ ,kelpe2--= t "t1 be ?\ rigor\s & absolute4' ,?irty-eigh? ,adhyaye4 ,( ! p>ticul> ,l+s ( ,s$a ,%eev4 ,! ,ree%ee%w]s dem&$ ( ,soote an acc\nt ( ! ,l+s ( ,s$a ,%eev1 t are kn[n ^u ?is "p ( ! e>?1 & are wor?y to be wor%ipp$1 & :]e !y are /ation$4 ,soote answ]$3 ,! ,l+s ( ,s$a ,%eev are innum]able4 ,! :ole e>? is replete ) !m2 & :atsoev] is visible is a =m or species ( ,l+4 ,besides :i*1 no place :atsoev] is void ( !m2 bo? ,p>adise & ,patal are /ock$ ) !m2 & all ! ,deivetas & ,ree%es are occupi$ 9 _! wor%ip4 ,& ^? :o ) complete devotion & entire fai? h wor%ipp$ !m1 ,bhegewan1 = ! gratification ( su* devotees1 ha? appe>$ & e/abli%$ himself !re1 at ! desire ( 8 vot>ies1 ) a ,l+ = ea* p>ticul> case ( dem&4 ,! ,l+s :i* are ?us extant ov] ! l&1 are n to be c\nt$3 b ( su* z are n[ m especially 9 repute ,i %all imm$iately /ate to y ! twelve ,jyotee ,l+s4 ,*apt] #dd4 #a4--,on ! conf9es ( ! c\ntry ( ,soora%tree1 on ! s\? side is ,som5a!1--a ,l+ ( ,s$a ,%eev4 ,*ap4 #cg1dd4 #b4--,on ! m\nta9 ,%ree-,%ile--,mellek>joone4 ,*apt] #de4 #c4--;,& 9 ! city ( ,oojeye5ee--two2 ! fir/ ,mahakate4 #d4--;,& ! second ,omk>ee4 ,*apt] #df4 #e4--,on ! back ( ! m\nta9 ,heema*el is ,keid>5a!4 ,*apt] #dg4 #f4--;,& 9 ! ,dak%5ee is ,bheeme ,%5k]4 ,*apt] #dh4 #g4--;,9 ,b5>es is ,vee%ei%m]4 ,*apt] #eb4 #h4--;,& on ! bank ( ! riv] ,gotemee1 ,treembeke4 ,*apt] #ec4 #i4--;,9 ,jete ,bhoom1 ,veid5a!4 ,*apt] #ed4 #aj4--;,& 9 ! des]t belong+ to ,d>eka1 ,nagei%w]4 ,*apt] #ee4 #aa4--;,9 ,leitoo ,c5dhe1 ,ramei%w]4 ,*apt] #ef4 #ab4--;,& on ! conf9es ( ! ,dek%51 adjo9+ ! m\nta9 ,ge]e ,deive1 ,dooh%emei%e4 ,he1 :o ris+ e>ly 9 ! morn+ %all repeat ! names ( ^! twelve ,jyotee ,l+s1 w be fre$ f all 8 crimes1 & %all obta9 8 desires3 & :oev]1 on any p>ticul> acc\nt1 addresses a p>ticul> ,l+1 he w succe$ accord+ly1 & su* p]son is n fre$ f ! crimes by ! ,d]%5e1 or view ( ! twelve ,jyotee ,l+s4 ,x is enjo9$ all ! f\r ca/s to p]=m ,pooja to ^?2 &1 aft] ,pooja1 if !y eat ! sacrificial morsels !y are purifi$ f _! crimes on ! spot4 ,& if !y wor%ip any "o ( ^! twelve ,jyotee ,l+s = six mon?s1 ,mooktee becomes _! de/9y1 & !y are no m subject to bir?3 &1 if ev] a ,meicke1 or ,*&ale1 or deceiv]1 obta9s ,de]%e5e ( ! ,jyotee1 9 ano!r g5]ation he is born 9 ! h\se ( a ,veidread ,brahm91 & becomes ,mookte4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,! f\r k9ds ( ,/one l+as--,siva "u a =m call$ ,muhakalu--,tempor>y images ( ,siva--,siva's wives--,siva's & ,p>vati's qu>rels--,siva & ,doorga--,siva's names--,! heav5 ( ,siva--,latsami---,p[] ( ! prie/s--,tamil poetry--,indec5t wor%ip--,danc+ girls at religi\s c]emonies--,*ri/ian & ,pagan idolatry--,religi\s pro/itution--,wor%ip ( ! female--,developm5t ( indec5t practices--,saktipuja4 ,mr4 ,w>d in=ms u t besides ! clay images ( ! l+a1 !re are f\r k9ds ( /one l+as :i* are set up 9 ! ,h9du temples4 ,! fir/1 he says1 is call$ swuyumbhoo1 t is1 ! self-exi/5t l+a4 ,! second is nam$ unadee1 or t :i* has no beg9n+4 7,at ! "t ( a great dr\ght1 ! ,h9doos1 aft] p]=m+ its wor%ip1 ?r[ v l>ge quantities ( wat] ^u ?is unadee-l+a1 9 ord] to induce ,siva to give !m ra974 ,! ?ird !y call vanu-l+a1 because a k+ nam$ ,vanu fir/ in/itut$ ?is wor%ip4 ,! f\r? is ! common1 or factiti\s l+a4 ,^! images are all ( /one1 br\ght f ! neighb\rhood ( ! riv] ,gundhukee1 :i* falls into ! ,ganges ne> ,patna4 ,! ,h9doos ( e ca/e & ( bo? sexes1 make images ( ! l+a ) ! clay ( ! riv] ,ganges1 e morn+1 aft] ba?+1 & wor%ip x1 mak+ b[s1 pres5t+ (f]+s1 & repeat+ incantations be=e x4 ,?is is mo/ frequ5tly done by ! side ( ! riv]4 ,besides ! l+a1 !re is ano!r =m 9 :i* ,siva is wor%ipp$1 call$ ,muhakalu4 ,?is is ! image ( a smoke-col\r$ boy1 ) ?ree eyes1 8 hair /&+ erect1 clo!d 9 r$ g>m5ts1 8 tee? v l>ge2 he we>s a necklace ( human skulls1 & a l>ge juta2 9 "o h& he has a /ick1 & 9 ano!r ! foot ( a b$/ead2 a half moon appe>s on 8 =ehead2 he has a l>ge belly2 & pres5ts a v t]rific appe>ance4 ,siva is call$ ,muhakalu1 because he de/roys all1 or all is absorb$ 9 him at ! "t ( a kalpu1 & aft]w>ds reproduc$4 ,images ( ?is =m ( ,siva 7 n made 9 ,b5gal1 b a pan ( wat]1 or an unadee-l+a1 0 sub/itut$1 be=e :i* bloody sacrifices 7 (f]$1 & o!r c]emonies p]=m$1 9 ! mon? ,k>tiku1 at ! new moon4 ,9 ! mon? ,phalgoonu1 e ye>1 ! ,h9doos made ! image ( ,siva1 & wor%ipp$ him = "o day1 ?r[+ ! image ! next day into ! wat]4 ,?is wor%ip 0 p]=m$ 9 ! night1 & 0 accompani$ ) s++1 danc+1 music1 fea/+1 c4 ,! image wor%ipp$ 0 ei!r t ( ,siva ) five faces or t ) "o face4 ,9 ! mon? ,maghu a fe/ival 9 hon\r ( ,siva is held = "o day1 :5 ! image ( ?is god1 sitt+ on a bull1 ) ,p>vutee 8 bride on 8 knee1 is wor%ipp$ 9 ! pr9cipal t[ns 9 ,b5gal4 ,siva _h two wives1 ,sutee & ,p>vutee4 ,sutee 0 ! daught] ( k+ ,duk%u1 & ,p>vutee ! daught] ( ! m\nta9 ,himaluyu4 ,! f\r? *apt] ( ! ,%reebhaguvutu1 conta9s ! hi/ory ( ,duk%u1 ! son ( ,brahma2 ( 8 daught] ,sutee1 :o 0 m>ri$ to ! god ,siva2 ( ! abuse ( ,siva by ,duk%u2 ( ,siva's curs+ ,duk%u2 ( ! gr& sacrifice ( ,duk%u2 ! gods all arrive at ?is sacrifice2 ! daught]s ( ,duk%u are also pres5t2 ,sutee wi%es to g1 b is =bidd5 ( ,siva h] husb&2 ,siva1 h[ev]1 at la/ cons5ts to h] go+2 %e goes1 & :ile h] fa!r is abus+ h] husb&1 %e dies ( grief2 ,siva on he>+ ( ! dea? ( 8 wife1 0 transport$ ) rage1 & tak+ 8 juta f 8 head1 ?rew x on ! gr\nd ) great =ce1 & up sprang a mon/]1 9 ! =m ( a sunyasee1 cov]$ ) a%es1 hav+ ?ree flam+ eyes1 ) a tri%oolu 9 8 h&1 we>+ a tig]'s sk91 & a necklace ( human bones2 & hav+ a r\nd r$ m>k l a ball betwixt 8 eyebr[s2 ?is mon/] ask$ ,siva :y he creat$ him2 ,siva ord]$ him to g & de/roy ,duk%u2 ?is mon/] !n took along ) him armies ( pratus1 bhootus1 yuk%us1 pi%acus1 etc4 7w&]+ spirits71 & de/roy$ ,duk%u's sacrifice2 ,siva's great sorr[ at ! loss ( ,sutee2 ! gods come to com=t him2 ,sutee is aga9 born2 h] fa!r's "n ,heemaluyu1 h] "m's ,manuku2 ,duk%u1 aft] repair+ ! injuries :i* ,siva's juta-=m$ mon/] _h made1 completes 8 sacrifice1 etc4 ,a numb] ( /ories are conta9$ 9 "s ( ! ,h9doo books respect+ ! qu>rels ( ,siva & ,p>vutu1 "s ( !m aris+ out ( ! revels ( ! =m]1 & ! jeal\sy ( ! latt]4 ,^! qu>rels resemble ^? ( ,jupit] & ,juno4 ,! *ief fault ( ,juno is said to h be5 jeal\sy4 ,:5 ,siva & ,p>vatu qu>rell$1 %e frequ5tly upbraid$ him ) 8 fil?y condition z a yogee4 ,:5 !y 7 ab\t to be m>ri$1 ! "m ( ! girl1 & ! neighb\rs p\r$ ! utmo/ abuse on ,siva3 ! neighb\rs cri$ out1 ,ah6 ah6 ah6 ?is image ( gold1 ?is mo/ beautiful damsel1 l :om !re is h>dly su* a beauty 9 ! ?ree worlds1 to be giv5 9 m>riage to su* a fell[--an old fell[ ) ?ree eyes2 )\t tee?2 clo!d 9 a tig]'s sk92 cov]$ ) a%es2 encircl$ ) snakes2 ) a necklace ( human bones2 ) a human skull 9 8 h&2 ) a fil?y juta1 viz41 a bun* ( hair l a turban1 twi/$ r\nd 8 head2 :o *ews intoxicat+ drugs2 has inflam$ eyes2 rides nak$ on a bull1 & w&]s ab\t l a madman4 ,ah6 !y h ?r[n ?is beautiful daught] into ! riv]6 ,9 ?is mann] ! neighb\rs exclaim$ aga9/ ! m>riage1 till at la/1 ,n>udu1 :o _h excit$ ?is hubbub1 settl$ ! matt]1 & ! w$d+ 0 consummat$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,on a c]ta9 occasion ,siva ord]$ 8 s]vants ,nundee & ,bhr+ee to prep>e 8 bull t he might g a-begg+2 he himself b\nd ! rag r\nd 8 lo9s1 twi/$ snakes z ornam5ts r\nd 8 wri/s1 made a poita ( ?ree o!r snakes2 put a tig]'s sk9 on 8 back1 a drum & a trid5t 9 8 "r h&1 & 9 8 left a horn2 8 body 0 cov]$ ) a%es4 ,?us array$ he m\nt$ 8 bull1 ,nundee go+ be=e & ,bhr+ee beh9d1 & w5t into diff]5t places begg+ f door to door4 ,:]e-ev] he w5t1 he saw ! p happy & cont5t$1 enjoy+ all ! pleasures ( life4 ,at ! sight ( all ?is happ9ess1 ,siva 0 full ( grief1 & said 9 8 m9d1 ,all ^! p are surr\nd$ ) _! fri5ds & *ildr51 & are happy2 b aft] m>ry+1 ,i h obta9$ no?+4 ,i beg = my daily bread4 ,hav+ collect$ a little rice1 etc41 ,siva return$ home1 full ( vexation4 ,doorga1 8 wife1 gave him wat] to wa% 8 feet1 & ,siva ord]$ h] to prep>e an intoxicat+ bev]age call$ siddhee1 & ask$ h] :e!r %e _h prep>$ 8 food8 ,%e told him t %e _h n yet k9dl$ ! fire4 ,:at6 said ,siva1 x is n[ two o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 & y h n begun to prep>e ! d9n]8 ,fill$ ) ang]1 he began to use ! mo/ viol5t language3 ,h[ is ?is8 ,i h m>ri$ a wife de/itute ( =tunate signs1 & ,i sp5d my life 9 mis]y4 ,i see o!r families h ba!d & sit d[n to d9n] by noon4 ,i beg ?ree times a day1 & yet ,i _c obta9 suffici5t to support nature4 ,x has always be5 said 9 ! ?ree worlds1 t he :o obta9s a lucky wife1 w ?r\gh h] become ri*2 ?r\gh a lucky husb&1 sons are born4 ,see n[ 7address+ himself to ^? pres5t71 ,i h two sons2 b :]e are ! ri*es :i* a =tunate wife procures8 ,i suppose t 9 m>ry+ ! wife ( ,himaluyu 7a m\nta97 e "o is become h>d z ! rock t[>ds me4 ,9 con/antly begg+ ,i h obta9$ ! "n ( ,%unkuru1 ! begg>4 ,a p]son m>ry+ a lucky wife sits at 8 ease 9 8 h\se1 & eats excell5t food1 & ,i g a-begg+1 & yet />ve4 ,n>udu has giv5 me su* an unlucky wife1 :at %all ,i say to him1 a fell[ )\t ance/ry8 ,he is n cont5t unless he insult ! dead4 ,i c no long] support my family by begg+4 ,i c support myself1 b h[ c ,i provide = s _m8 ,doorga1 he>+ all ?is1 0 full ( sorr[1 & began to utt] h] grief to h] two maids ,juya & ,vijuya3 ,he>6 )\t ?\ght1 :y does he abuse me 9 ?is mann]8 ,if he call me an unlucky wife1 :y did he m>ry me8 ,:5 a p]son's fate is bad1 !y say 8 =ehead is on fire4 ,:y does he call me unlucky8 ,is n 8 own =ehead on fire1 & are we n suff]+ ?r\gh 8 bad fate8 ,true1 ,i h nei!r a beautiful =m1 nor excell5t qualities1 nor conduct1 nor hon\r1 nor wisdom1 nor le>n+1 nor prop]ty1 nor race1 nor bro!r1 nor fri5d1 nor fa!r1 nor "m1 nor relations1 nor ornam5ts2 b1 look at 8 =m2 he cov]s himself ) ! a%es ( ! dead2 at 8 qualities2 he is kn[n z ! smok] ( intoxicat+ h]bs 7! drunk>d72 at 8 conduct2 he resides 9 cemet]ies1 & dwells ) ! bhootus2--at 8 wisdom3 amid/ ! assembl$ gue/s at 8 w$d+ he sat nak$2 rides on a bull1 & is hoot$ at by ! *ildr5 9 ! /reets z a fool2--at 8 le>n+2 he does n "k ! names ( 8 fa!r & "m2 at 8 prop]ty1 he owns a bull1 a drum1 & a tig]'s sk92--at 8 ornam5ts3 he is cov]$ ) snakes2--at 8 hon\r3 at ! "t ( m>riage he 0 n able to obta9 any?+ ri*] ?an a tig]'s sk9 = a g>m5t1 ?\gh he begg$ = some?+ bett]4 ,x is true he has _h two sons born1 & on ?is acc\nt1 ,i suppose1 he is fill$ ) pride4 ,b su* sons1 9 ! ?ree worlds1 7 nev] born be=e1 & ,i hope w nev] be born aga94 ,behold 8 elde/ son ,k>tiku1 he dr9ks intoxicat+ bev]age l 8 fa!r2 he is full ( rage if 8 food be delay$ b a mom5t2 :at 8 fa!r begs1 he1 ) 8 six m\?s1 dev\rs2 ! peacock t c>ries him dev\rs ! snakes ) :i* 8 fa!r clo!s himself2 8 o!r son ,guna%u has f\r arms1 an elephant's head1 & eats l an elephant2 he is c>ri$ by a rat1 :i* /eals & eats ! un%ell$ rice br\ght by ,siva4 ,?us ! *ildr5 & ! fa!r are equally =sak5 ( =tune4 ,! companions ( ,siva are ei!r gho/s or bhootus4 ,z soon z ,siva _h m\nt$ 8 bull to g a-begg+1 ,doorga said to ,juya & ,vijuya1 ,i w /ay no long] "h4 ,he tells me to keep my hair clo!d ) dirt1 & to cov] my body ) a%es4 ,i w g to my fa!r's h\se1 come along4 ,! maids endeav\r$ to pacify h]1 & to %ew h] ! dang] ( leav+ h] husb&4 ,aft] a numb] ( expo/ulations1 %e 0 p]suad$ to assume ! =m ( ,unnu-poorna1 by :i* means ! weal? ( ! :ole _w fl[$ into h] lap4 ,%e gave a spl5did ent]ta9m5t on m\nt ,koilasu to all ! gods1 at ! close ( :i* ,siva arriv$ f a begg+ j\rney4 ,/ruck ) a/oni%m5t at :at he saw1 he 0 wond]fully pleas$1 & ate = once till he 0 ne>ly surfeit$4 ,:5 he & ,doorga 7 sitt+ toge!r on ! ev5+ ( ?is fea/1 he apologis$ to 8 wife = ! unk9d language he _h us$ t[>ds h]1 to prev5t :i* 9 future1 he propos$ t !y %\ld be unit$ 9 "o body4 ,doorga at fir/ /rongly object$1 b 0 at l5g? p]suad$ to cons5t1 & ,siva & ,doorga became "o1 ! "r side 7:ite7 be+ ,siva1 & ! left side 7yell[7 ,doorga4 ,9 ?is =m an image is annually wor%ipp$ 9 ,b5gal4 ,o!r /ories are told ( ,siva's desc5d+ to e>? 9 ! =m ( a sunyasee1 = ! pres]vation ( "s "o 9 di/ress1 or to p]=m religi\s au/]ities4 ,among/ ! fanciful names 7a ?\s& 9 numb]7 belong+ to ?is god1 are ! foll[+3--,siva1 ! b5efactor--,muha%wuru1 ! great god--,ce%wuru1 ! glori\s god--,*undru%akuru1 he on ^: =ehead is se5 a half-moon---,bhoota%u1 he :o is "l ( ! bhootus--,miriru1 he :o purifies--,mirityoonjuyu1 he :o conqu]s dea?--,krittivasa1 he :o we>s a sk9--,oogru1 ! furi\s--,%ree-kuntu1 he ^: ?roat is beautiful--,kupalubhrit1 he ^: alms di% is a skull--,smuruhuru1 ! de/roy] ( ,kama-davu1 ! god ( love--,tripoorantuku1 he :o de/roy$ an usooru nam$ ,tripooru--,gungadhuru1 he :o caught ! goddess ,gunga 9 8 bun* ( hair--,vri%udhwujn1 or he :o rides on a bull--,%oolee1 he :o wields ! ,trid5t--,/'hanoo1 ! ev]la/+--,survu1 he :o is ev]y?+--,giree%u1 "l ( ! hills--,undhuku-ripoo1 he :o de/roy$ an usooru nam$ ,undhuku--,sunkur%unu1 he :o de/roys ! _w--,trilo*unu1 ! ?ree-ey$--,ruktupu1 ! dr9k] ( blood--,siddhusavitu1 ! dr9k] ( an intoxicat+ bev]age call$ ,siddhe4 ,! "w call$ ,krityu-tuttwu describes ! heav5 ( ?is god z situat$ on ! m\nta9 ,koilasu1 & call$ ,%ivu-pooru4 ,x is said to be ornam5t$ ) _m k9ds ( gems & preci\s ?+s1 z pe>ls1 coral1 gold1 silv]4 ,on ! m\nta9 reside gods1 ! heav5ly *ori/]s1 danc]s & c\rtezans1 gods :o act z s]vants to ! o!r gods1 sacr$ sages1 div9e sages1 great sages1 & a numb] ( moonees4 ,^! p]sons con/antly p]=m ! wor%ip ( ,siva & ,doorga1 & ! upsurus are cont9ually employ$ 9 s++1 danc+1 etc4 ,! fl[]s ( e season are always 9 bloom "h1 ! w9ds %vityu1 sangundu1 & m&yu--g5tle w9ds accompani$ ) coolness & sweetness--always bl[ on ^! fl[]s1 & diffuse _! fragrance all ov] ! m\nta9 :]e9 _m birds are con/antly s++ & repeat+ ! names ( ,doorga & ,siva1 :]e ! wat]s ( ! heav5ly ,ganges pass along 9 purl+ /reams1 :]e ! six seasons--! spr+1 ! summ]1 ! ra9y1 ! sultry1 ! dewy1 ! cold--at once exi/1 & :]e on a gold5 ?rone1 adorn$ ) jewels1 sit ,siva & ,doorga1 hold+ conv]sation1 9 :i* ,doorga asks que/ions ( h] husb&4 ,:5 ! m\nta9 ,m]vuva 0 :irl$ ab\t 9 ! sea1 ! motion produc$ a foam :i* 0 l ! cradle ( a beautiful woman nam$ ,latsami4 ,?is second ,v5us 0 be/[$ on ,vi%nvu1 pref]ably to ! ,devetas1 :o 7 all 9 love ) h]4 ,! ,seivias1 :o ass]t t ,esw>a is ! sov]eign ,god1 say also1 t he has a wife call$ ,p>vati4 ,!y tell u t %e _h a d\ble bir?2 fir/ %e 0 daught] to ,datsja1 son ( ,brahma1 & ( ,s>asvati 8 wife4 ,h] fa!r gave h] 9 m>riage to ,esw>a1 & "s "t aft] int5d$ to p]=m a ,jagam or sacrifice1 to :i* he invit$ ! ,devetas1 su* z ,deu5dre1 ! ,sun1 ! ,moon1 & ! re/1 b neglect$ ,esw>a1 8 son-9-law4 ,p>vati told him he %\ld also h invit$ him1 b he1 in/ead ( agree+ ) h]1 made h] ! foll[+ injuri\s answ]3--,esw>a1 says ,datsja1 is n wor?y ( t hon\r1 he is a fell[ t subsi/s only on alms1 & has no clo!s to put on4 ,we are to suppose t ,esw>a 0 at t "t incog41 & veil$ "u su* a %ape z made him unkn[n to all4 ,p>vati inflam$ ) rage1 cri$ out to h] fa!r1 ,i myself am !re=e n wor?y to assi/ at x2 & say+ ^! words1 %e leap$ into ! fire t 0 prep>$ = ?is solemnity4 ,esw>a1 exasp]at$ 9 ! highe/ degree at ?is unhappy accid5t1 0 all ov] 9 a sweat1 & "o ( ! drops ( x happ5+ to fall on ! e>?1 ,virrepadra sprung f x1 :o imm$iately ask$ 8 fa!r :at comm&s he _h = him4 ,esw>a bid him g & de/roy ! ,jagam ( ,datsja1 & 0 obey$2 = he kill$ "s ( ! gue/s1 drove away o!rs1 cut (f ,datsja's head1 kick$ ! sun1 & broke all 8 tee?1 s t he _h n "o left1 & drubb$ ! moon s he>tily1 t h] face 0 cov]$ all ov] ) ! m>ks ( ! bl[s he gave h]1 :i* cont9ue to ?is day4 ,! ,devetas implor$ ,esw>a's m]cy1 & obta9$ x2 he 0 s(t5$ by _! entreaties1 & re/or$ ,datsja to life1 on ^: body he fix$ ! head ( a he-goat in/ead ( 8 own4 ,p>vati be+ consum$ 9 ! fire into :i* %e _h ?r[n h]self1 0 indulg$ a new bir?1 & 0 daught] ( ! m\nta9 ,*imawontam1 :o m>ri$ h] to ,esw>a4 ,h] husb& 0 s passionately 9 love ) h]1 t he gave h] half 8 body1 s t %e became half man & half woman2 = :i* reason ! ,brahm9s call h] ,&han>i-,esw>a1 a "n imply+ su* an union4 ,^! p are ( op9ion1 t bo? ,vi%nu & ,esw>a c procreate *ildr5 )\t ! comm]ce ( ! o!r sex1 s9ce !y ascribe to !m a p[] ( gett+ !m by ! b>e act ( ! w1 s t !y suppose !y only h !m = dalliance sake4 ,esw>a is repres5t$ 9 ! temples "u a v immode/ %ape1 express+ by an action1 ! union ( bo? sexes4 ,?is is gr\nd$ on a tradition :i* ! ,brahm9s !mselves are p>tly a%am$ (1 & is z foll[s3 ,x fell out "o day t a ,monisw>a came to visit ,esw>a 9 a place :]e ! latt] us$ to c>ess ,p>vati4 ,! ,monisw>a came at a v unseasonable h\r2 9 va9 ! port] %ut ! gate ^u him1 & ev5 told him ! reason :y he c\ld n be admitt$2 = ! ,monisw>a 0 s enrag$ to f9d he mu/ be =c$ to /ay till ,esw>a %\ld please to %ew himself1 t he broke out into an imprecation1 :i* he imm$iately rep5t$ (4 ,esw>a _h ov]he>d him1 b p>don$ him :5 he f\nd he 0 sorry = x4 ,! ,monisw>a1 n satisfi$ ) be+ p>don$ = 8 (f5ce1 reque/$ t all :o %\ld wor%ip ! image ( ,l+am--! figure repres5t+ ! union ( ! sexes 9 ! mann] above m5tion$1 %\ld reap great] advantages f x ?an if !y 7 to wor%ip ,esw>a :5 repres5t$ ) 8 :ole body4 ,he obta9$ 8 desire1 & x is to ?is circum/ance t ^? sc&al\s images "u :i* ,esw>a is wor%ipp$ 9 ! ,pagods1 owe _! orig9al4#i #i ,pic>d1 ,c]emonies et ,c\tumes ,religieuses4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mahadeu signifies ! sov]eign ,god4 ,he is repres5t$ "u ! %ape ( a pill> :i* dim9i%es ins5sibly f its base to its extremity at top4 ,x is evid5t t ?is figure is ! same z ! ,priapus ( o!r nations2 & t ! mod]n ,indians1 z well z ^? ( antiquity1 h equally consid]$ x z ! ,god ( ,nature4 ,pictures :i* h rea*$ u f ,india exhibit+ ! int]iors ( ! ,pagods ( ,mahadeu reveal beyond all d\bt ! nature ( ?is pill>2 x _c be mi/ak5 = any else ?an :at we h j sugge/$1 viz41 ! male organ ( g5]ation4 ,x is ( gigantic size1 ris+ _m feet f ! floor1 & ! mo/ pr(\nd v5]ation is r5d]$ to x by ! wor%ipp]s :o completely uncov] _! feet be=e pass+ ! ?re%old4 ,ixora 7,mahadeu7 be>s also ! "n ( ,l+am4 ,! ,jog9s we> ! ,l+am ab\t _! necks2 b x w\ld be impossible = fancy1 says ,pic>d1 to inv5t any?+ m obsc5e1 ?an ! po/ure 9 :i* !y repres5t ?is d\ble figure1 to :om !y assidu\sly (f] ! fir/ fruits ( _! meals4 ,we ascribe to ! notion ! ,indians ent]ta9 t ev]y?+ is =m$ by g5]ation1 ! bl9d devotion !y pay to ?is ,l+am1 9 :i* !y conf\nd ! ag5t ) ! means he employs4 ,x w be impossible to ju/ify !m 9 any mann] on ?is head1 b by consid]+ x z a type or symbol1 :i* /ill _c b be %ock+ to dec5cy & good mann]s2 "s1 h[ev]1 _c help ?9k+ t ^? :o fir/ inv5t$ ^! figures1 7 naturally incl9$ to satiate by lu/1 :at !y exhibit$ = ! emblem ( a ,deity4 ,x _c be d5i$1 b t ! wor%ip :i* is paid to nature1 may h migrat$ f ! ea/ into ! we/1 toge!r ) ! symbolical figures "u :i* !y repres5t$ x2 we are !re=e n to wond]1 t ! same idea %\ld h discov]$ itself "u diff]5t names1 to p :o live at a great di/ance "o f ! o!r2 s9ce1 z !y bo? receiv$ ! object ( _! wor%ip f ! same s\rce1 !y 7 "u a necessity ( receiv+ ! same images ) ! same c]emonies4 ,to d ^! p ju/ice1 no?+ c bett] express ! fruitfulness ( nature ?an ! union ( bo? sexes1 & ! vig\r ( ,priapus1 ^: "n is v expressive2 h[ev]1 x is surpris+ t m51 :o1 if we except "s ( ! mo/ brutal savages1 h always paid "s reg>d to dec5cy1 %\ld be s lo/ to all s5se ( x1 z to c>ry 9 procession ) great pomp & solemnity1 ^? p>ts ( ! body1 :i* ought nev] to be reveal$ b 9 cases ( ! highe/ necessity2 & expose !m publicly 9 ! roads1 9 h\ses & temples1 z is ! cu/om 9 ,india4#aj #aj ,pic>d1 ,c]emonies et ,c\tumes ,religieuses4 ,pietro ,dello ,valle1 obs]ves1 t ! gods ( ! ,indians are always repres5t$ nak$1 & t sev]al figures 9 v indec5t po/ures are se5 9 ! pagods2 und\bt$ly he saw ! ,l+am above-m5tion$ !re4 ,! o!r figures might possibly repres5t ! v[s or homages ( ! dev\t ,indians1 among :om ! wom5 d n scruple to pro/itute !mselves 9 hon\r ( ! gods4 ,husb&s behold ) ! mo/ pr(\nd humility ^! m]itori\s pro/itutions1 :i* s (t5 revive :at we 9 ,europe look ^u z ! greate/ injury & affront2 s true x is1 t false pr9ciples 9 religion easily de/roy ^? ( common dec5cy1 & ev5 frequ5tly *ange ! v ideas :i* nature has implant$ 9 u4 ,z a husb& is fully p]suad$ he has be5 cuckold$ by a god1 he is !re=e v well satisfi$4 ,! ,jognis is ! idol's curate1 & p]=ms ! c]emony 9 quality ( 8 proxy1 :ile ! dev\tly pati5t husb&1 9 ! meantime1 wa%es ! sa9t's feet1 & pays him ! utmo/ v5]ation4 ,! p ( ! h\se )draw1 & leave ! lady to ! sa9t's embraces4 ,:5 ?is in/itution 0 made1 ! crafty ,indians und\bt$ly ins9uat$ "s hopes ( future felicity at ! same "t4 ,:5 we h once f\nd out ! secret ( ga9+ an asc5dant ov] p's m9ds1 c x be a difficult matt] to assure ! female devotees1 t1 ,si quelque *ose les empe*e ,d'all] t\t droit en p>adis1 ,c'e/ d'ep>gn] p\r leurs m>is1 ,un bi5 dont ils n'ont plus que faire1 ,qu& ils ont pris leur necessaire4 ,la ,fonta9e dans ses ,contes4 ,! s5se ( :i* is1 ,if any?+ prev5ts _! be+ imm$iately waft$ to ,p>adise1 'tis to res]ve = _! husb&s a pleasure :i* !y h no f>!r occasion =1 :5 !y h _h _! quantum ( x4 ,we m5tion an in/ance :i* manife/ly %ews1 t ! ,indians look ^u ! obsc5e devotions j allud$ to1 z highly m]itori\s4 ,ov] ! gate ( "o ( ! cities ( ! little k+dom ( ,sir9patau1 says ,dellon 9 ! preface to 8 ,voyages1 pr9t$ 9 #agji1 /&s a /one /atue repres5t+ ,sita1 wife to ,ram1 "o ( _! gods1 ab\t z big z ! life4 ,on ea* side ( h] are ?ree fam\s ,faquirs1 or ,p5it5ts1 nak$1 on _! knees1 _! eyes lift$ up t[>ds h]1 & hold+ ) bo? h&s :at dec5cy w n p]mit me to m5tion4 ,!y pret5d by ?is po/ure1 to pay su* an homage1 at !y judge to be mo/ grateful to ?is pret5d$ goddess4#aa #aa ,pic>d1 ,c]emonies et ,contumes ,religieuses4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,r4 ,c4 ,caldwell1 writ+ 9 ,johnson's ,univ]sal ,cyclopa$ia1 says3--,( old1 pi\s ,h9dus :o spiritualis$ _! religion1 ev5 ! grosse/ =ms ( x1 l+a-wor%ip includ$1 7 n1 lack+4 ,= in/ance1 ! great ,tamilian poet1 ,sivavakki>1 writes z foll[s 7see ! ,indian ,antiqu>y1 ,bombay1 ,apr41 #ahgb1 fir/ pap] on ,tamil ,popul> ,poetry73 ,my ?\ghts are fl[]s & a%es1 ,9 my brea/'s fane en%r9$1 ,my brea?1 too1 is !re9 x1 ,a l+a unconf9$3 ,my s5ses1 too1 l inc5se ,rise1 & l bright lamps %9e1 ,!re1 too1 my s\l leaps ev] ,a danc+ god div9e4 ,?is1 is my op9ion1 is "o ( ! f9e/ /anzas p5n$ by ,sivavakki>4 ,! drift ( x is ?is3--,y popul> ,h9dus1 y h y\r temples1--y h y\r fl[]s1 & sacr$ a%es1--y h y\r phallus1 or emblem ( div9e creative p[]1--y h also y\r inc5se & lamps1 & y h y\r div9e danc]1 ,siva4 ,i1 too1 h my fl[]s & a%es1 b !y are ( ! m9d6 ,i1 too1 h my l+a1 b x is my brea? or _s4 ,i1 too1 h my inc5se & lamps1 b !y are my five s5ses4 ,& ,i1 too1 h my deity leap+ 9 div9e sport )9 me1 b t is my s\l4 ,9 a ^w1 m9e is ! true spiritual wor%ip4 ,"h ! sage speaks ( 8 body z a metaphorical temple 7us+ language simil> to t employ$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ',ye are ! temples ( ! ,holy ,gho/'72 !n he lik5s 8 ?\ghts to fl[]s & a%es1 :i* are us$ 9 ! s]vices ( temples2 la/ly1 he decl>es t 8 brea? or _s--:i* z a "p ( univ]sal life has no b\nd or limit--is ! true l+a1 creative1 & a "p ( ! creation1 ( 8 own be+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! s]i\s consequ5ces ( adopt+ errone\s pr9ciples1 ev5 su* z are commonly call$ metaphysical ones1 seem+ly ! mo/ remote f practice1 is p]haps 9 no?+ m app>5t ?an ) respect to ! ideas :i* 7 9 e>ly ages ent]ta9$ conc]n+ nature1 :5 its attributes came to be objects ( wor%ip4 ,z !re mu/ be a concurr5ce ( male & female p[]s = ! production ( all liv+ creatures1 x 0 suppos$ t1 9 ! great productive p[]s ( nature1 !re mu/ be bo? male & female qualities4 ,! ,egyptians _h ?is idea1 & accord+ly sev]al ( _! pr9cipal deities 7 said to be bo? male & female4 ,hav+ little idea ( delicacy1 !y repres5t$ ^? p[]s by ! figures ( ! p>ts ( g5]ation4 ,! con/ant exhibition ( ^! figures 9 _! religi\s wor%ip c\ld n b lead to mu* lewdness1 fir/ z an act ( religion1 acceptable to _! gods1 & !n 9 common life2 ?\gh ?is might be f> f ! int5tion ( ^? :o =m$ ! plan ( ! popul> wor%ip4 ,h5ce1 h[ev]1 x is t1 9 ! anci5t hea!n religions1 we f9d rites ( ! mo/ opposite nature1 ! extreme ( sev]ity & cruelty 9 "s1 & ! extreme ( indec5cy & s5sual indulg5ce 9 o!rs4 ,?is is well kn[n to h be5 ! case 9 ,egypt1 ! "m ( religion & ( sci5ce1 to a great "p ( ! ,we/]n _w4 ,we _c )\t ! utmo/ disgu/ & horror ?9k ( :at1 accord+ to ! te/imony ( ,h]odotus1 ^: au?ority 9 ?is case _c be que/ion$1 wom5 did be=e ! bull ,apis1 & especially ) ! goat t 0 wor%ipp$ at ,m5des1 to say no?+ ( ! peculi>ly indec5t mann] 9 :i* he says t 9 _! religi\s processions1 !y c>ri$ ! phalli1 & ( _! behavi\r2 :51 9 "s ( _! fe/ivals1 !y w5t 9 boats along ! ,nile1 & exhibit$ !mselves to ! inhabitants ( ! villages on its bord]s4 ,! ,nile itself1 accord+ to ! te/imony ( ,*ri/ian writ]s1 0 wor%ipp$ ) ! mo/ obsc5e & execrable rites1 ev5 ,sodomitical practices4 ,! idea t ,plut>* gives u ( ! ,egyptian rites is suffici5tly disgu/+4 ,_m ( _! religi\s c]emonies1 he says1 7 ( a m\rnful ca/1 & celebrat$ ) mu* au/]ity4 ,"s ( _! fe/ivals & direful sacrifices 7 consid]$ z un=tunate & m\rnful days1 & 7 celebrat$ by eat+ raw fle%1 torn ) m5's nails4 ,on o!r days !y fa/1 & smite _! brea/s1 & 9 sev]al places fil?y & indec5t words are us$ dur+ ! sacrifices4 ,9 _! fe/ivals & processions1 ! great] "p act ludicr\s ?+s bo?1 speak+ & ?9k+ words ( ! mo/ wick$ & lewd mean+1 & t ev5 ( ! gods !mselves4 ,b :5 !y consult _! oracles !y are advis$ to h pi\s ?\ghts 9 _! he>ts1 & words ( good s\nd 9 _! m\?s4 ,no revels ( ! mo/ irreligi\s p]sons c\ld be m extravagant & indec5t ?an ! fe/ivals ( ,bac*us2 & ! same p :o sacrific$ m51 & ev5 _! own *ildr51 _h places appropriat$ to pro/itution1 ev5 ( bo? sexes1 adjo9+ to _! temples1 ! pr(its aris+ f :i* 7 a "p ( _! rev5ues4 ,! ,h9doo religion has mu* 9 x 9 ?is respect1 t is simil> to t ( ! anci5t ,egyptian4 ,no?+1 says ,de la ,crose1 is m rev]$ by ! ,h9doos ?an ! l+am4 ,_! mo/ solemn wor%ip is pres5t$ to _! gods 9 ?is =m4 ,light$ lamps are cont9ually burn+ be=e x1 9 ! inmo/ recesses ( _! temples1 surr\nd$ by o!r lamps ) sev5 bran*es1 l t ( ! ,hebrews4 ,besides ^? 9 ! temples1 !y h small ones ( /one or cry/al1 :i* !y hang to _! necks1 & fa/5 ^u _! heads4 ,to ^! !y address almo/ all _! pray]s1 & frequ5tly h !m buri$ ) !m4 ,capta9 ,campbell1 aft] describ+ ! lascivi\s danc+ ( ,h9doo girls1 :o get _! liv+ by x1 says1 t su* enticem5ts to vice %\ld make a "p ( ! sy/em ( any society is to be lam5t$3 yet 9 all c]emonies & great occasions1 :e!r religi\s wor%ip or dome/ic enjoym5t1 !y make a "p ( ! ent]ta9m5t2 & ! alt>s ( _! gods1 & ! purity ( ! magic rites1 are alike pollut$ by ! introduction ( ! danc+ girls4 ,! impurity ( ?is cu/om1 h[ev]1 vani%es1 :5 comp>$ ) ! hide\s practice ( introduc+ danc+ boys4 ,) respect to ! pagoda ( ,jagg]nat1 :i* he calls a curi\s & grotesque monum5t ( sup]/iti\s folly1 he says1 x is an imm5se b>b>\s /ructure ( a k9d ( pyramidal =m1 embelli%$ ) devices cut 9 /one "w1 n m s+ul> ?an disgu/+4 ,*ri/ian idolat]s1 9 =m+ types & figures ( div9e ?+s1 always endeav\r to repres5t !m ) p]sonal beauty1 z proportionate to _! div9e nature z human skill c make x4 ,^? ,pagans1 on ! contr>y1 9 =m+ _! idols1 ca/ out e ve/ige ( beauty--ev]y?+ t1 by ! cons5t ( mank9d1 is suppos$ to convey pleas+ s5sations2 &1 9 _! place1 sub/itute ! mo/ extravagant1 unnatural de=mity1 ! mo/ loa?some na/9ess1 ! mo/ disgu/+ obsc5ity4 ,x is n 9 language to convey an adequate idea ( _! temples & idols2 & if x 01 no purpose c\ld be answ]$ by x1 only ! excitem5t ( pa9ful & abom9able s5sations4 ,to keep pace ) ! figures ( _! idols1 a *ief ,brahm91 by "s accurs$ artificial means 7by h]bs1 ,i believe71 has br\ght to a mo/ unnatural =m1 & enorm\s dim5sions1 t :i* dec5cy =bids me to m5tion2 & ! pure & spotless wom5 :o f infancy h be5 %ut up f ! sight ( m51 ev5 ( _! own bro!rs1 are br\ght to kiss ?is disgu/+ & mis%ap5 mon/]1 "u ! prepo/]\s belief t x promotes fecundity4 ,tav]ni] m5tions ! same abom9able cu/om1 z also does ,alex&] ,hamilton1 9 8 acc\nt ( ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,9 ?is pagoda1 ,capt4 ,campbell says1 /&s ! figure ( ,jagg]nat1 b x is no?+ m ?an a black /one ( an irregul> pyramidal =m1 hav+ two ri* diamonds 9 ! top by way ( eyes1 & a nose & m\? pa9t$ r$4 ,= ?is god1 he says1 five hundr$ prie/s are employ$ 9 spoil+ food4 ,e pagoda1 says ,la ,crose1 has a c]ta9 numb] ( pro/itutes annex$ to x1 d$icat$ to its use by pomp\s & solemn c]emonies4 ,!y *oose ! h&some/1 & educate !m 9 su* a mann]1 t :5 !y come to a prop] age !y may br+ ! greate/ ga9 to ! temple by ! price ( _! pro/itution4 ,!y c nev] m>ry1 or leave ! idol2 & _! *ildr51 if !y h any1 are also d$icat$ to x4 ,"s1 says ,mr4 ,william ,*amb]s1 devote _! own *ildr5 to ?is pr(ession4 ,?is is cu/om>y 9 ! ,decan1 b n ) ! ,h9doos ( ,b5gal or ,h9doo/an prop]4 ,he says ?is cu/om 0 probably d]iv$ f ! religion ( ,buddha4 ,b almo/ all ! anci5t hea!n religions _h ! same cu/om4 ,x is describ$ at l>ge by ,h]odotus1 z x 0 practis$ at ,babylon 9 8 "t2 & x is frequ5tly allud$ to 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,lucian 9 8 ,treatise on ! ,syrian goddess1 says t ^? wom5 :o refuse to cut (f _! hair on h] fe/ival1 mu/ pro/itute !mselves dur+ "o day2 & t :at !y receive on t acc\nt is giv5 to ! goddess = a sacrifice4 ,9 ,malab> x is reckon$ m]itori\s to br+ up girls1 :o are commonly ba/>ds1 = ! s]vice ( ! temples1 & !y are taught music & danc+4 ,:5 !y are ( a prop] age1 !y g ?r\gh ! c]emony ( a m>riage to ! god4 ,! ,%a/rus decl>e t ! daught]s ( ,brahm9s1 till !y are eight ye>s old1 are objects ( wor%ip z =ms ( ! goddess ,bhagavatee4 ,_m p]sons p]=m$ ! wor%ip ( ^! girls daily4 ,!y took ! daught] ( "s neighb\r+ brahm91 & plac+ h] on a seat1 ) fl[]s1 pa9t1 wat]1 g>l&s1 etc41 p]=m$ h] wor%ip1 & !n pres5t$ to h]1 if !y 7 ri*1 (f]+s ( clo?1 ornam5ts1 etc4 ,at ! close1 ! wor%ipp] (f]$ inc5se1 & pro/rat$ himself be=e ?is girl4 ,at ! wor%ip ( "s ( ! female deities also1 ! daught]s ( ,brahm9s h div9e hon\rs paid to !m4 ,_m ( ! ,tantra ,%a/rus1 & p>ticul>ly ! ,roodru'yamulu1 ! ,yoni-tantra1 & ! ,neelu-tantra1 conta9 directions = a mo/ extraord9>y & disgu/+ puja1 :i* is und]/ood 9 a private mann] among/ ! ,h9doos by ! "n ( ,*ukru4 ,^! ,%a/rus direct t ! p]son or p]sons :o wi% to p]=m ?is puja mu/ fir/1 9 ! night1 take a woman z ! object ( wor%ip4 ,if ! p]son :o p]=ms ?is wor%ip be a duk%9a*>u1 he mu/ take 8 own wife1 & if a vama*>u1 he mu/ take ! daught] ( a danc]1 a kupalee1 a wa%]man1 a b>b]1 a *undalu1 or ( a mussulman1 or a pro/itute1 & place h] on a seat or mat2 & !n br+ boil$ fi%1 fle%1 fri$ peas1 rice1 spiritu\s liquors1 sweetmeats1 fl[]s1 & all ! o!r (f]+s & ?+s necess>y = ! puja4 ,^! (f]+s1 z well z ! female1 mu/ next be purifi$ by ! repeat+ ( incantations4 ,to ?is1 succe$s ! wor%ip ( ! p]son's gu>dian deity2 & aft] ?is ! wor%ip ( ! female1 ) all ! c]emonies includ$ 9 ! t]m puja4 ,! female mu/ be nak$ dur+ ! wor%ip,,horizontal ,,ellipsis4 ,"h indec5cies n fit to be record$ 9 ! pres5t age & c\ntry1 are conta9$ 9 ! directions ( ! %a/ru = ?is wor%ip1 relat+ to e "p ( ! body 9 turn4 ,w>d said t ! le>n$ ,brahm9 :o op5$ to him ^! abom9ations1 made sev]al ef=ts--paus$ & began aga91 & !n paus$ aga91 be=e he c\ld pron\nce ! %ock+ indec5cies prescrib$ by 8 own %a/rus4 ,z ! object ( ! wor%ip 0 a liv+ p]son1 at ! close ( ! puja %e p>took ( ! (f]+s 9 ! pres5ce ( ! wor%ipp] or wor%ipp]s4 ,h5ce %e drank ( ! spiritu\s liquors1 ate ( ! fle%1 ?\gh x 0 t ( ! c[1 & also ( ! o!r (f]+s4 ,! orts 7 to be eat5 by ! p]son or p]sons pres5t1 :ile sitt+ toge!r1 h[ev] diff]5t _! ca/es may be1 nor might any "o despise any ( ! (f]+s1 or refuse to eat ( !m2 ! spiritu\s liquors 7 to be drunk by measure4 ,! company :ile eat+ _h to put food also 9 ea* o!r's m\?s4 ,w>d wrote3--,! p]son :o p]=ms ! c]emonies1 9 ! pres5ce ( all1 behaves t[>ds ?is female 9 a mann] :i* dec5cy =bids to be m5tion$4 ,! p]sons pres5t mu/ !n p]=m puja 9 a mann] unutt]ably abom9able1 & "h ?is mo/ diabolical bus9ess closes4 ,at pres5t p]sons p]=m+ ^! abom9ations are becom+ m & m num]\s4 ,!y are call$ vama*>ees4 ,9 proportion z ^! ?+s are becom+ common1 s mu* ! m are ! ways ( p]=m+ !m m & m bea/ly4 ,!y are done 9 secret3 b t ^! practices are becom+ v frequ5t among ! ,brahm9s & o!rs is a fact kn[n to all4 ,! p]sons :o p]=m ^! actions agreeably to ! rules ( ! ,%a/rus are v few4 ,! g5]ality d ^? p>ts t belong to gluttony1 drunk5ness & :or$om only1 )\t be+ acqua9t$ ) all ! m9ute rules & incantations ( ! %a/rus4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pratapu*&ra ,gho%a1 9 read+ a pap] be=e ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,b5gal1 9 ,septemb]1 #ahgj1 said3--,9 ! e>lie/ portraits ( ! ,aryan race1 z del9eat$ 9 ! ,v$as1 we f9d _! ideas & _! ?\ghts c5tr$ 9 _! homes1 _! cattle1 _! fields1 & 9 ! discomfiture ( _! enemies4 ,_! wants 7 few1 & _! pray]s1 !re=e1 7 less v>i$2 & _! c]emonies 71 probably1 equally simple4 ,b ?is simplicity wore )9 itself ! se$ ( a v complex sy/em ( ?\ght4 ,ev]y?+ t 0 useful 9 "s way or o!r1 ev]y?+ t 0 beautiful or awful 9 nature1 or t excit$ unusual feel+s1 or sugge/$ new ideas1 0 e/rang$ f ! ord9>y & associat$ ) ! sup]natural4 ,a new curr5t ( ?\ght soon aft] set 94 ,9 ! fre%ness ( imag9ation dur+ ! primitive /ate ( society1 comp>isons1 metaphors1 & allegories1 7 soon *ang$ into real entities1 & my?ology rapidly ga9$ gr\nd 9 m5's m9ds4 ,?us1 ! ,puranas1 by a natural poetical idea1 made ! sun & ! moon1 :i* witness all t is done on ! e>?1 ! spies ( ! div9e rul]--a my? describ+ ! all-p]vad+ nature ( _! rays4 ,9 ! ,v$as1 !y are reg>d$ z ! univ]sal witnesses ( all c]emonies4 ,! ,rahu1 ! asc5d+ node1 is d]iv$ f ! v]b lit]ally mean+ to ab&on1 void1 h5ce also black1 d>kness1 %ad[1 etc41 & is repres5t$ 9 my?ology z hav+ no body1 ! umbra ( ! a/ronom]s4 ,! umbra may be said to dev\r z x 7 ! lum9>ies4 ,lat] my?ology makes ,rahu a trunkless head1 an +5i\s my?ological adaptation ( ! umbra :i* dev\rs1 b inasmu* z x has no body1 ! moon comes out f ! ?roat4 ,aga91 poetic imag9ation or extreme fe>1 p]sonifies qualities1 & t to su* an extraord9>y ext5t1 t :ile describ+ ! blood?ir/y v5geance ( ,sakti1 %e is said to h1 9 ! ,*h9nama/a inc>nation1 cut (f h] own head f ! trunk1 & ) ! gap+ trunkless skull glutton\sly drank h] own blood :i* spr+s ) ! w>m? ( life4 ,h[ev] hide\s ! conception is1 x is ! result ( ! lic5se all[$ to poets to use p>tial similitudes4 ,to su* flights ( un%ackl$ imag9ation1 ! v>i\sly =m$ sph9xes ( ! ,*aldeans are b m]e flutt]s ( ! w+s4 ,z allegories illu/rative ( ! conc5tration ( =ce to ov]come difficulties1 & ! adaptation ( means to a purpose1 ! a*ievem5ts ( ,durga (f] _m int]e/+ in/ances4 ,on ! occasion ( vanqui%+ ! mighty ,asuras1 ,sumbha & ,nisumbha1 & _! g5]al1 nam$ ,mahi%asura 7! buffaloe-demon71 ! sev]al gods are made to direct _! en]gy to _! weapons = ! purpose4 ,! goddess ,durga1 repres5tative ( ?is union1 sprung =? ) t5 arms1 fit to cru% sev]al ,asuras at "o fell swoop4 ,kali1 ano!r inc>nation ( ,sakti1 9 ! w> ) ,raktavija1 a demon multiply+ 8 race1 z 8 "n implies1 f ! drops ( blood fl[+ f 8 body1 & t\*+ ! e>?1 is repres5t$ z hav+ lick$ up ! blood z x /ream$ =? f 8 p]son ) a view to arre/ t dreadful propagation4 ,_m ( ^! my?s1 aga91 may be trac$ p>tly to ori5tal hyp]bole1 & p>tly to ! _m-sid$ mean+s ( ! words us$ 9 describ+ !m3 figurative expressions 7 seiz$ & new my?s 7 inv5t$ 9 illu/ration ( !m4 ,o!rs aga9 are illu/rative ( national cu/oms2 ?us ! protrud$ tongue ( ,kali has be5 ! !me ( sev]al fanciful tales4 ,) "s1 9 ! heat ( ! battle1 ,kali 0 s madd5$1 t ! gods despair$ ( ! _w1 & s5t ,siva1 h] husb& to appease h]4 ,siva crept among ! dead soldi]s ly+ 9 ! field1 & contriv$ to pass "u ! feet ( ,kali1 :o no soon] p]ceiv$ h] husb& trampl$ "u h] feet1 ?an %e became aba%$1 & 9 ! fa%ion ( ! wom5 ( ! c\ntry1 bit h] tongue z expressive ( h] regret & indelicacy4 ,x is amus+ to foll[ ! l9e ( argum5t put =? 9 ! ,puranas 9 support ( ^! my?s4 ,9 "s in/ances1 !y approa* s ne> ! ludicr\s1 t 7 x n = _! ?or\gh adaptability to ! /ate ( native society ( ! "t1 _! fallacies w\ld h be5 long ago expos$1 & ! :ole ,puranic sy/em spurn$ & despis$4 ,sakti is ,=ce4 ,orig9ally a sect ( ,h9doos wor%ipp$ =ce & matt] z et]nal4 ,! ^w be+ 9 ! fem99e g5d]1 its p]sonification is a female div9ity ( sup]natural p[]s1 & e occupation :i* call$ = great ex]cise ( en]gy & p[] at once select$ h] z tutel>y goddess1 & %e is n[ ! mo/ popul> ( all ! ?ree & ?irty millions ( ! ,h9du pan!on4 ,saktaism has s9ce imbib$ s _m brutal practices ( cannibalism1 human sacrifices1 & bac*analian rites1 t ! v "n ( a ,sakta1 inspires horror & disgu/1 nev]!less ! unholy ,tantras1 :i* prop\nd & expla9 ! pr9ciples ( ?is doctr9e1 & give rules = wor%ipp+ ! diff]5t =ms ( ,sakti1 are increas+ 9 numb] & popul>ity4 ,!y 71 until lately1 comp>atively unkn[n beyond ! fronti] ( ,b5gal1 b copies ( ,,mss4 are n[ dem&$ f e qu>t] ( ,h9du/an4 ,! ,tantric sy/em is ( ,b5gali orig91 & its rites & cu/oms are ultimately int]wov5 ) ^? ( ! hill tribes1 especially ^? ( ,nepal & ,assam4 ,demonology is a pr9cipal feature 9 ! ,sakta fai?1 & ! v>i\s nocturnal c]emonies are fix$ :i* 7 mu* 9 vogue 9 ,b5gal1 ev5 z late z ab\t fifty ye>s ago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! great feature ( ! religion taught by ! ,tantras is ! wor%ip ( ,sakti--,div9e p[] p]sonifi$ z a female1 & individualis$1 n only 9 ! goddesses ( my?ology1 b 9 e woman3 to :om1 !re=e1 9 h] own p]son religi\s wor%ip may be & is occasionally address$4 ,! *ief objects ( adoration1 h[ev]1 are ! manifold =ms ( ! bride ( ,siva2 ,p>vati1 ,uma1 ,durga1 ,kali1 ,syama1 ,v9dhya-vas9i1 ,jaganmata1 & o!rs4 ,besides ! usual practices ( (f]+s1 oblations1 hymns1 invocations1 ! ritual comprises _m my/ical c]emonies & accompanim5ts1 ge/iculations & diagrams1 & ! use 9 ! comm5cem5t & close ( ! pray]s ( v>i\s monosyllabic ejaculations ( imag9$ my/]i\s import4 ,ev5 9 its la/ exceptionable division x compreh5ds ! p]=mance ( magical c]emonies & rites1 int5d$ to obta9 sup]-human p[]s1 & a comm& ov] ! spirits ( heav51 e>?1 & hell4 ,! popul> division is1 h[ev]1 call$ by ! ,h9dus !mselves1 ! left-h& ,sakta fai?4 ,x is to ?is t ! bloody sacrifices (f]$ to ,kali mu/ be imput$2 & all ! b>b>ities & indec5cies p]petrat$ at ! ,durga ,puja1 ! annual wor%ip ( ,durga1 & ! ,*uruk ,puja1 ! sw++ fe/ival1 are to be ascrib$4 ,!re are o!r atrocities :i* d n meet ! public eye4 ,?is is n a r&om f\ndationless *>ge1 we h ! books describ+ ! rites & c]emonies1 "s ( !m are 9 pr9t1 veil$ necess>ily 9 ! obscurity ( ! orig9al language1 b incontrov]tible witnesses ( ! v]acity ( ! *>ge4 ,( c\rse no respectable ,h9du w admit t he is a ,vama*>i1 a foll[] ( ! left-h& ritual1 or t he is a memb] ( a society 9 :i* meat is eat51 w9e is drunk1 & abom9ations n to be nam$ are practis$4 ,! imputation w be indignantly d5i$1 al?\gh1 if ! ,tantras be believ$1 _m a man :o calls himself a ,saiva1 or a ,vai%nava1 is secretly a ,sakta1 & a bro!r ( ! left-h& frat]nity4#ab #ab ,wilson's ,lectures4 ,! wor%ipp]s ( ,sakti h always be5 divid$ into two classes1 a "r & a left-h& ord]1 & ?ree sub-divisions ( ! latt] 7 enum]at$1 :o until lately 7 /ill well kn[n--! ,purnabhi%iktas1 ,akrit>?as1 ,kritakrityasamas4 ,"t1 & ! pres5ce ( =eign rul]s1 x is evid5t to all obs]v]s1 h v mu* modifi$ ! "* ( mu* ( ! ,h9du wor%ip2 if ! lic5ti\s practices ( ! ,saktas are /ill z preval5t z ev]1 :i* may well be que/ion$1 !y are1 at lea/1 c>efully conceal$ f obs]vation1 & if !y are n explod$1 !re are o!r obs]vances ( a m f]oci\s description1 :i* seem to h disappe>$4 ,! wor%ip ( ,bhairava1 /ill prevails among/ ! ,saktas & ! ,jogis2 b 9 upp] ,india1 at lea/1 ! nak$ m5dicant1 sme>$ ) fun]al a%es1 arm$ ) a trid5t or a sword1 c>ry+ a holl[ skull 9 8 h&1 & half intoxicat$ ) ! spirits :i* he has quaff$ f t disgu/+ w9e-cup1 prep>$1 9 %ort1 to p]petrate any act ( viol5ce & crime1 ! ,kapalika ( =m] days1 is n[ r>ely1 if ev]1 enc\nt]$4 ,a hundr$ ye>s ago1 ! wor%ipp]s ( ! ,sakti 7 exce$+ly num]\s among/ all classes ( ,h9dus1 x 0 comput$ t ( ^? ( ,b5gal1 at lea/ ?ree-f\r?s 7 ( ?is sect4 ,! bride ( ,siva 9 "o or o!r ( h] _m & v>i$ =ms1 0 by f> ! mo/ popul> emblem 9 ,b5gal1 & along ! ,ganges4 ,! wor%ip ( ! female pr9cipal1 z di/9ct f ! div9ity1 appe>s to h orig9at$ 9 ! lit]al int]pretation ( ! metaphorical language ( ! ,v$as1 9 :i* ! w or purpose to create ! univ]se1 is repres5t$ z orig9at+ f ! creator1 & co-exi/5t ) him z 8 bride1 & "p ( himself4 ,?us 9 ! ,rig ,v$a1 x is said1 ,t div9e _s brea!d )\t afflation s+le1 ) h] :o is su/a9$ )9 him2 o!r ?an him no?+ exi/$4 ,fir/ desire 0 =m$ 9 8 m9d1 & t became ! orig9al productive se$1 & ! ,sama ,v$a1 speak+ ( ! div9e cause ( creation1 says1 ,he felt n delight1 be+ alone4 ,he wi%$ ano!r1 & in/antly became su*4 ,he caus$ 8 ownself to fall 9 'twa91 & ?us became husb& & wife4 ,he approa*$ h]1 & ?us 7 human be+s produc$4 ,9 ^? passages x is n unlikely t ref]5ce is made to ! primitive tradition ( ! orig9 ( mank9d1 b !re is also a figurative repres5tation ( ! fir/ indication ( wi% or w 9 ! ,supreme ,be+4 ,be+ devoid ( all qualities :atev]1 he 0 alone1 until he p]mitt$ ! wi% to be multipli$ to be g5]at$ ) himself4 ,?is wi% be+ put into action1 x is said1 became unit$ ) its p>5t1 & !n creat$ be+s 7 produc$4 ,?us ?is fir/ manife/ation ( div9e p[] is t]m$ ,i**haupaa1 p]sonifi$ desire1 & ! creator is designat$ z ,swe**amaya1 unit$ ) 8 own w2 :il/ 9 ! ,v$anta philosophy1 & ! popul> sects1 su* z t ( ,kabir1 & o!rs1 9 :i* all creat$ ?+s are held to be illusory1 ! ,sakti1 or active w ( ! deity1 is always designat$ & spok5 ( z ,maya1 or ,mahamaya1 orig9al deceit or illusion4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,fur!r acc\nt ( ,"r-h& & ,left-h& wor%ip--,! practices ( ! ,vamis or ,vama*>is--,! rite ( ,mantra ,sadhana--,c]emony ( ,sri ,*akra--,claim ( ! prie/s to sup]natural p[]--,leg5ds4 ,) reg>d to :at h be5 call$ "r-h& & left-h& wor%ip we proce$ to develop a few fur!r p>ticul>s on ! au?ority ( c]ta9 /atem5ts made 9 ! ,calcutta ,review = #ahdh4 ,:5 ! wor%ip ( ! ,%akti is publicly p]=m$1 & 9 a mann] q h>moni\s to ! ,vaidik or ,puranik ritual1 & free f all obsc5e practices & impurities1 x is t]m$ ! ,dhak%9a or "r-h& =m ( wor%ip2 & ^? :o adopt ?is pure ritual are t]m$ ,dhak%9a*>is4 ,! peculi>ities ( ?is sect 7 describ$ at l5g?1 _m ye>s ago1 9 a "w compil$ by ,kas9a?1 & entitl$ ,dhak%9a*>a1 ,tantra ,raja4 ,accord+ to ?is au?ority--! ritual decl>$ 9 ! ,tantras ( ! ,dhak%9a*>is is pure1 & con=mable to ! ,v$as4 ,its lead+ p>ts are3-- #a/4--,au*mana4 ,! object ( ?is1 z well z "s o!r c]emonies t foll[1 is ! purification ( ! wor%ipp]s4 ,x consi/s 9 tak+ up wat] f a copp] vessel1 ) a small spoon ( ! same metal1 by ! left h&1 & p\r+ a small quantity ( x on ! half-clos$ palm ( ! "r h&3 9 sipp+ up ?is wat] ?rice ) ! lips1 & 9 t\*+ ) ! f+]s 9 rapid succession1 ! lips1 ! eyes1 & o!r p>ts ( ! head1 along ) ! repetition ( prop] =mulae4 ,) respect to ! quantity ( wat] to be sipp$1 x is direct$ & /rictly enjo9$ t x mu/ be su* z to run d[n ! ?roat to ! m\? ( ! oesophagus1 & no fur!r4 #bnd4--,%a/i ,bu*ana4 ,?is "p ( ! c]emony is p]=m$ ) ! view ( r5d]+ ! result ( adoration b5eficial to ! wor%ipp]4 ,m5tion is n[ made ( ! mon?1 ! age ( ! moon1 & ! day 9 :i* ! c]emony takes place1 & !n appropriate mantras are repeat$1 su* z1 l good om5s1 are believ$ to progno/icate happy results4 #crd4--,sankalpa4 ,?is is l ! pray] "p ( a petition4 ,9 ?is ! ador] discloses ! imm$iate object ( 8 wor%ip1 m5tion+ aga9 by "n ! mon?1 ! =tnight1 :e!r d>k or bright1 & ! age ( ! moon4 ,he m5tions also 8 own prop] "n & 8 gotra1 :i* is always ! "n ( "s ri%i or sa9t4 ,a fruit1 g5]ally a betel-nut or a h>etaki1 is necess>y1 :i* is held 9 ! wat] conta9$ 9 ! copp] vessel call$ ,ko%a4 #d?4--,ghata/hapana4 or ! plac+ ( a pot4 ,?is consi/s 9 plac+ a pot or j>1 g5]ally made ( e>?1 b sometimes ( brass or any pure metal1 on a small elevation =m$ ( mud1--! mud ( ! ?rice sanctify+ ,ganges is ( c\rse pref]able to any o!r4 ,! j> is fill$ ) wat]1 a bun* ( mango leaves1 ) a gre5 cocoanut1 or a ripe planta91 is plac$ on its top1 & ! sect>ial m>k call$ ! yantra is pa9t$ ) r$ lead on its front4 ,?is is to s]ve = a tempor>y abode ( ! goddess1 ^: pres5ce 9 x is wor%ipfully solicit$4 #e?4--,samanya ,argha ,/hapana4 ,?is "p ( ! devotion is op5$ by (f]+ pray]s to ! t5 c>d9al po9ts1 :i*1 accord+ to ! ,h9dus1 are ! ,ea/1 ,s\?-ea/1 ,s\?1 ,s\?-we/1 ,we/1 ,nor?-we/1 ,nor?1 ,nor?-ea/1 ! ,z5i?1 & ! ,nadir1 presid$ ov] by ,indra1 ,agni1 ,yama1 ,nairit1 ,b>una1 ,bayu1 ,kub]a1 ,i%a or ,mohadeva1 ,brahma & ,ananta4 ,aft] ?is1 :at is call$ an ,argha1 compos$ ( a small quantity ( soak$ rice & a few blades ( durva-grass1 is to be plac$ on a dumb-con* %ell1 on ! left side ( ! wor%ipp]2 & if1 besides ! wor%ipp]1 any ,brahman1 or ,brahmans be pres5t1 a few gra9s ( rice mu/ be giv5 to ea* ( !m1 aft] :i*1 !y all ?r[ ! rice on ! pot4 #f?4--,a%an ,suddhi1 or lit]ally ! purification ( ! seat1 b te*nically1 ( ! po/ure 9 :i* ! wor%ipp] is to sit or /& :ile engag$ 9 8 devotion4 ,?is v>ies accord+ to ! imm$iate object ( wor%ip4 ,! ,tantras prescribe eighty ?\s& diff]5t sorts ( po/ures4 ,"s ( ^! are impossible1 o!rs are v pa9ful1 all are m or less ludicr\s4 #g?4--,bhuta ,%uddhi1 or ! purification ( ! body4 ,x is call$ ,bhuta ,suddhi1 = ! body is believ$ to be compos$ ( ! five elem5t>y sub/ances call$ bhuta1 viz41 e>?1 wat]1 fire1 air1 & e!r4 ,9 ?is obs]vance1 ! wor%ipp] is to conceive1 t 8 old body is consum$1 & t a new & purifi$ "o is put on4 ,x is decl>$ t fire & nect> are deposit$ 9 e man's =ehead2 & x is by ?is bra9-fire t ! old body is to be conceiv$ to be r$uc$ to a%es1 on :i* nect> be+ m5tally spr9kl$ ov]1 a reg5]at$ body mu/ be conceiv$ to come to exi/5ce by virtue ( ! mantras4 #h? & #i?4--,pranaya9 & ,ri%yad9yas4 ,^! are introductory pray]s1 invit+ ! pres5ce ( ! goddess4 #aj? & #aa?4--,matrikanyas & ,b>nanyas4 ,^! are s+ul> rites1 9 :i* ! wor%ipp] repeats 9 ord] ! lett]s ( ! ,sanskrit alphabet1 ea* ) ! ,anasw>a comb9$1 z ang1 ang1 kang1 khang1 gang1 ghang1 & s on ) ! re/4 ,& z he repeats ^! lett]s1 :i* are fifty 9 numb]1 he t\*es fifty diff]5t p>ts ( 8 own body1 accord+ to directions m9utely laid d[n 9 ! ,tantras2 & :5 an e>!n image ( ! goddess is to be wor%ipp$ = ! fir/ "t1 ! (ficiat+ prie/ t\*es also ! correspond+ p>ts ( ! idol4 #ab?4--,dyana4 ,9 ?is1 ! wor%ipp] is requir$1 by clos+ bo? 8 eyes1 to =m ! image ( 8 gu>dian div9ity 9 8 m9d1 & to fix 8 m5tal vision ^u x = "s "t4 #ac?4---,abahan1 ,*ak%udan1 & ,pranprati/ha4 ,:5 ! wor%ip is p]=m$ )\t an image ( ! goddess1 %e is invok$ to v\*safe h] pres5ce 9 ! j>4 #ad?4--,pujah1 or ! pres5t+ ( (f]+s ( rice1 fruit1 inc5se1 etc4 #ae?4--,lelehi ,mudra1 or ! p]=mance ( ! ge/iculation call$ ,lelehi1 :i* consi/s 9 putt+ ! palm ( ! "r h& ^u ! back ( ! left1 & %ak+ ! f+]s4 ,!re are no less ?an sixty-f\r ?\s& diff]5t sorts ( ,mudra prescrib$ 9 ! ,tantras4 #af?4--,ab>ana ,pujah1 or ! wor%ip ( ! att5dants ( ! goddess4 #ag?4--,mahakala ,pujah1 or ! adoration ( ,mahakala1 a =m ( ,%iva4 #ah?4--,balidan1 or ! (f]+ ( sacrifice1 commonly a blood (f]+4 #ai?4--,kabajan ,pa!?4 ,9 praise ( ! exploits ( ! goddess4 #bj?4--,homa4 ,p\r+ cl>ifi$ butt] ^u ! consecrat$ fire1 made = ! purpose on a b$ ( s& ab\t "o foot squ>e4 ,! a%es are worn on ! =ehead1 & ! residue c>efully deposit$ or buri$ 9 a corn] ( ! h\se4 ,! ,vamis1 or ! left-h& wor%ipp]s1 adopt a =m ( wor%ip contr>y to t :i* is usual1 & !y n only wor%ip ! ,%akti ( ,siva 9 all h] t]rific =ms1 b pay adoration to h] num]\s fi5d-l att5dants1 ! ,yog9is1 ,dak9is1 & ! ,sank9is4 ,! rites practis$ by ! ,vamis or ,vama*>is are s grossly obsc5e1 z to ca/ into %ade ! wor/ inv5tions :i* ! mo/ impure imag9ation c conceive4 ,9 ?is la/ m5tion$ sect 7! ,%aktas71 says a le>n$ ,sanskrit s*ol>1 z 9 mo/ o!rs1 !re is a "r-h&$ & dec5t pa?1 & a left-h&$ & indec5t mode ( wor%ip1 b ! indec5t wor%ip ( ?is sect is mo/ grossly s1 & consi/s ( unbridl$ debau*]y1 ) w9e & wom54 ,?is pr(ligate sect is suppos$ to be num]\s1 ?\gh unav[$4 ,9 mo/ p>ts ( ,india1 if n 9 all1 !y are held 9 des]v$ dete/ation2 & ev5 ! dec5t ,%aktas d n make public pr(ession ( _! t5ets1 nor we> on _! =eheads ! m>k ( ! sect1 le/ !y %\ld be suspect$ ( belong+ to ! o!r bran* ( x4 ,solitude & secrecy be+ /rictly enjo9$ to ! ,vamis1 !y inv>iably celebrate _! rites at midnight1 & 9 mo/ unfrequ5t$ & private places4 ,!y nei!r ackn[l$ge _! p>ticipation 9 ^! mo/ sc&al\s orgies1 nor1 z we h already rem>k$1 confess t !y belong to any bran* ( ! ,%akta sect1 al?\gh _! res]ve 9 ?is respect is becom+ e day m & m relax$1 if n ( all1 at lea/1 ( _m4 ,^?1 ^: imm$iate object is ! atta9m5t ( sup]-human p[]s1 or ^: end is specific1 aim+ at "s p>ticul> boon or gift1 are m /rict on ! po9t1 le/ !y reap no fruits ( _! devotion4 ,!y nev] admit a companion1 nor ev5 "o ( _! own frat]nity1 into ! place ( _! wor%ip4 ,ev5 :5 !y are believ$ by ! cr$ul\s ,h9dus to h become ,%iddas1 t is1 possess$ ( sup]natural p[]s2 or 9 o!r words1 :5 !y h acquir$ suffici5t art to impose ^u _! ignorant & sup]/iti\s c\ntrym51 & h e/abli%$ _! reputation z m5 capable ( work+ miracles1 !y take e c>e n to disclose ! means ?r\gh :i* !y h atta9$ ! object ( _! wi%es1 unless reveal$ by "s accid5tal occurr5ce or unlook$-= circum/ance4 ,^? ^: object is ( a g5]al "*1 hold a sort ( convivial p>ty1 eat+ & dr9k+ toge!r 9 l>ge numb]s1 )\t any great fe> ( detection4 ,b yet !y always take c>e to *oose su* seclud$ spots = ! sc5es ( _! devotion1 z lie q conceal$ f ! public view4 ,!y g5]ally pass unnotic$1 & are trac$ out only :5 we make x our aim to detect !m by wat*+ ov] _! movem5ts l a spy4 ,at pres5t1 z _! *ief desire appe>s to be only ! gratification ( s5sual appetites1 !y are at all times f\nd to be m att5tive to po9ts :i* h a direct ref]5ce to ! indulg5ce ( _! fav\rite passions1 ?an to ^? m9or injunctions :i* require ( !m secrecy & solitude4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 !y are oblig$ to obs]ve1 at lea/ 9 "p1 = _! own acc\nt2 = ! abom9ations :i*1 "u ! "n ( religi\s rites1 !y practice1 _c b expose !m to disgrace & reproa*1 ev5 among ! deg5]ate ,h9dus4#ac #ac ,religi\s ,sects ( ,india by ,h4 ,h4 ,wilson4 ,guid$ by ! same au?ority we pres5t a brief summ>y ( ! pr9cipal rites obs]v$ by ! above sect4 ,! dr9k+ ( spiritu\s liquors1 m or less1 is ) !m1 we are told1 no less a habit ?an a religi\s practice4 ,!y w p]=m no religi\s c]emony )\t w9e4 ,9 _! v>i\s =ms ( daily wor%ip1 9 ! p]=mance ( all _! c]emonial rites1 9 ! celebration ( all _! public fe/ivals1 w9e is indisp5sable4 ,e article ( food :i* !y (f] to _! goddess1 is spr9kl$ ov] ) ! intoxicat+ liquor4 ,"h x %\ld be obs]v$ t ! or?odox ,vamis w nev] t\* any =eign liquor or w9e1 b use only ! c\ntry doa/a1 :i* !y dr9k out ( a cup =m$ ei!r ( ! cocoa1 or ( a human skull4 ,! liquor is fir/ (f]$ to _! especial div9ity 9 qu>t bottles or p9ts1 b m frequ5tly 9 *aupalas & e>!n j>s1 & !n di/ribut$ r\nd ! company1 ea* memb] hav+ a cup exclusively 8 own4 ,if !re be no company1 ! wor%ipp] p\rs ! liquor into 8 own cup & aft] c]ta9 motions & pray]s1 empties x at a s+le draught4 ,!y call !mselves & all o!r m5 t dr9k w9e1 birs or h]oes1 & ^? t ab/a9 f dr9k+1 pasus1 i4e41 bea/s4 ,no soon] is a *ild born1 ?an !y p\r into its m\? a drop or two ( w9e2 at ! "t ( its ,sank>a1 call$ ! ,anna prasana1 :i* takes place at ! six? moon f its bir?1 if x be a male1 or at ! sev5? moon1 if x be a female1 !y give x pieces ( cork or %ola dipp$ 9 w9e to be suck$1 s !y habituate ! *ild f its cradle1 9 ! dr9k+ ( spiritu\s liquors4 ,at ! "t ( ! pr9cipal initiation1 or mantra grahana1 t is1 :5 ! specific or ,bij mantra is receiv$ f ! ,guru1 he & 8 new disciple dr9k toge!r1 ! =m] at int]vals giv+ in/ructions to ! latt] z to ! prop] mode ( dr9k+4 ,:5ev] ! spiritual guide visits a ,kaula family1 all its memb]s1 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 ga!r r\nd him1 & ) great *e]s & fea/+1 dr9k 8 heal? z he dr9ks !irs4 ,! fact is1 dr9k+ is c>ri$ on to an infam\s & degrad+ ext5t1 _! pr9ciple is said to be1 dr9k1 & dr9k1 & dr9k aga91 till y fall flat on ! gr\nd2 ! mom5t y rise1 dr9k aga91 & y %all obta9 f9al lib]ation4 ,9 ju/ice to "s :o are exceptions to ?is rule1 we mu/ obs]ve t all ,vama*>is are n drunk>ds1 ?\gh !y all dr9k4 ,"s ( ! ,tantras prescribe ! exact quantity to be drunk4 ,accord+ to _! prescription1 ! lea/ dose to be tak5 is an ounce1 & ! l>ge/ n exce$+ ?ree ounces4 ,!re is ano!r v>iety ( ! ,vamis :o sub/itute c]ta9 mixtures 9 ! place ( w9e4 ,^! mixtures are decl>$ 9 ! ,tantras to be equival5t to w9e1 & to possess all its intr9sic virtues )\t ! p[] ( intoxication2 su* z ! juice ( ! cocoanut receiv$ 9 a vessel made kansa3 ! juice ( ! wat]-lemon mix$ ) sug>1 & expos$ to ! sun2 molasses dissolv$ 9 wat]1 & conta9$ 9 a copp] vessel1 etc4 ,9 all ! c]emonies1 :i* n only compreh5d ! wor%ip ( ! ,%akti1 b are p]=m$ = ! atta9m5t ( "s propos$ object1 ! pres5ce ( a female1 z ! liv+ repres5tative1 & ! type ( ! goddess1 is indisp5sably necess>y4 ,su* c]emonies are specific 9 _! nature1 & are call$ ,%adhanas4 ,"s :o are m dec5t ?an ! re/ ( ! sect1 jo9 _! wives 9 ! celebration ( ! gloomy rites ( ,kali4 ,o!rs make _! belov$ mi/resses p>tn]s 9 _! jo9t devotion4 ,"h ! rite assumes a black] aspect4 ,! fav\rite concub9e is disrob$1 & plac$ by ! side or on ! ?igh ( h] p>am\r :o is 9 ! same condition4 ,9 ?is situation1 ! usual calmness ( ! m9d mu/ be pres]v$1 & no evil lodg$ 9 x4 ,su* is ! requisition ( ! ,%a/ras1 say ! ,vamis1 :5 reproa*$ = _! brutal practices4 ,9 ?is way is p]=m$ ! rite call$ ! ,mantra ,sadhana4 ,x is1 z mu/ be expect$1 c>ri$ on 9 great secrecy1 & is said to lead to ! possession ( sup]natural p[]s4 ,! religi\s "p ( x is v simple1 consi/+ m]ely ( ! repetition ( ! ,mula mantra1 :i* may or may n be prec$$ by ! usual mode ( ,%akta wor%ip4 ,h5ce x is call$ ! ,mantra ,sadhana1 to di/+ui% x f o!r sorts ( ,sadhanas4 ,aft] t5 ,p4,m41 ! devotee1 "u pret5ce ( go+ to b$1 retires into a private *amb]1 :]e1 call+ 8 wife or mi/ress1 & procur+ all ! necess>y articles ( wor%ip1 su* z w9e1 gra9s1 wat]1 a /r+ ( beads1 etc41 he %uts ! doors & ! w9d[s ( ! room1 &1 sitt+ be=e a light$ lamp1 jo9s ) 8 p>tn] 9 dr9k+4 ,! use ( ?is prelim9>y is obvi\s4 ,:51 by ! p[] ( ! spirits1 ! veil ( %ame is )drawn1 he1 mak+ 8 wife or mi/ress sit 9 ! mann] already describ$1 beg9s to repeat 8 mantra1 & cont9ues to d s till "o1 two1 or ?ree o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,at int]vals ! glass is repeat$1 & ! c]emony is clos$ 9 a mann] :i* dec5cy does n all[ u to /ate4 ,we n[ come to ! blacke/ "p ( ! ,vama wor%ip4 ,no?+ c be m disgu/+1 no?+ m abom9able1 no?+ m sc&al\sly obsc5e1 ?an ! rite we are ab\t to describe4 ,! c]emony is call$ ,%i-,*akra1 ,purnabhi%eka1 ! r+ or full initiation4 ,?is wor%ip is mo/ly celebrat$ 9 mix$ societies1 compos$ ( motley gr\ps ( v>i\s ca/es1 ?\gh n ( cre$4 ,?is is q extraord9>y1 s9ce1 accord+ to ! e/abli%$ laws ( ! ca/e sy/em1 no ,h9du is p]mitt$ to eat ) an inf]ior4 ,b "h ! rule is at once done away )1 & p]sons ( high ca/e1 l[ ca/e1 & no ca/e1 sit1 eat1 & dr9k toge!r4 ,?is is au?oris$ by ! ,%a/ras 9 ! foll[+ text3--,:ile ! ,bhairavi ,tantra 7! c]emony ( ! ,*akra7 is proce$+1 all ca/es are ,brahmans--:5 x is conclud$ !y are aga9 di/9ct4 ,?us :ile ! vot>ies ( ! ,%akti obs]ve all ! di/9ctions ( ca/e 9 public1 !y neglect !m altoge!r 9 ! p]=mance ( h] orgies4 ,! pr9cipal "p ( ! rite call$ ! ,*akra is ,%akti ,sadhana or ! purification ( ! female repres5t+ ! ,%akti4 ,9 ! c]emony t]m$ mantra ,sadhana1 we h already notic$ ! introduction ( a female1 ! devotee always mak+ 8 wife or mi/ress p>tn] 9 8 devotion4 ,?is _c be done 9 a mix$ society4 ,= al?\gh ! ,vamis are s f> deg5]at$ z to p]=m rites su* z human nature1 corrupt z x is1 revolts f ) dete/ation1 yet !y h n sunk to t dep? ( depravity z to give up _! wives to ! lic5ti\sness ( m5 ( bea/ly conduct4 ,nei!r is x ! ord9ation ( ! ,%a/ras4 ,= ?is purpose !y prescribe females ( v>i\s descriptions1 p>ticul>ly a danc+ girl1 a female devotee1 a h>lot1 a wa%]woman1 or b>b]'s wife1 a female ( ! ,bram9ical or ,sudra tribe1 a fl[] girl1 or a milk maid4 ,"s ( ! ,tantras add a few m to ! li/1 su* z a pr9cess1 ! wife ( a ,kapali1 or ( a ,*&al1 ( a ,kulala1 or ( a con* sell]4 ,o!rs increase ! numb] to tw5ty-six1 & a few ev5 to sixty-f\r4 ,^! females are di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( ,kula ,%akti4 ,select+ & procur+ females f ! prec$+ classes1 ! ,vama*>is are to assemble at midnight 9 "s seque/]$ spot1 9 eight1 n9e1 or elev5 c\ples1 ! m5 repres5t+ ,bhairavas or ,viras1 & ! wom5 ,bhairavas or ,nayikas4 ,9 "s cases a s+le female p]sonat+ ! ,%akti is to be procur$4 ,9 all cases1 ! ,kula ,%akti is plac$ disrob$1 b ri*ly adorn$ ) ornam5ts on ! left ( a circle 7*akra7 describ$ = ! purpose1 :5ce ! c]emony d]ives its "n4 ,sometimes %e is made to /&1 totally de/itute ( clo?+1 ) protub]ant tongue & di%evell$ hair4 ,%e is !n purifi$ by ! recitation ( _m mantras & texts1 & by ! p]=mance ( ! mudra or ge/iculations4 ,f9ally %e is spr9kl$ ov] ) w9e1 & if n previ\sly initiat$1 ! ,bij mantra is ?rice repeat$ 9 h] e>4 ,to ?is succe$s ! wor%ip ( ! gu>dian div9ity2 & aft] ?is1 t ( ! female1 to :om are n[ (f]$ broil$ fi%1 fle%1 fri$ peas1 rice1 spiritu\s liquors1 sweetmeats1 fl[]s1 & o!r (f]+s1 :i* are all purifi$ by ! repeat+ ( incantations & ! spr9kl+ ( w9e4 ,x is n[ left to h] *oice to p>take ( ! (f]+s1 or to re/ cont5t$ simply ) v]bal wor%ip4 ,mo/ frequ5tly %e eats & dr9ks till %e is p]fectly satisfi$1 & ! refuse is %>$ by ! p]sons pres5t4 ,if1 9 any case1 %e refuses to t\* or try ei!r meat or w9e1 h] wor%ipp]s p\r w9e on h] tongue :ile /&+1 & receive x z x runs d[n h] body 9 a vessel held bel[4 ,?is w9e is spr9kl$ ov] all ! di%es :i* are n[ s]v$ among ! vot>ies4 ,su* is ! prelim9>y call$ ! purification ( ! ,%akti4 ,to ?is succe$s ! devotional "p ( ! c]emony4 ,! devotees are n[ to repeat _! radical mantra1 b 9 a mann] unutt]ably obsc5e4 ,!n foll[ ?+s too abom9able to ent] ! e>s ( m51 or to be borne by ! feel+s ( an enlight5$ community2 ?+s1 f :i* ! rude/ savage w\ld turn away 8 face ) disgu/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"h ! diabolical bus9ess closes4 ,! religi\s practices ( ! ,%aktas be+ su* z are believ$ to lead to ! possession ( sup]natural p[]s1 _m p]sons ( ?is sect1 tak+ advantage ( ! religi\s blund]s ( ! great mass ( ! p1 practice ! mo/ b>efac$ impositions4 ,! cr$ulity ( ! ,h9dus becomes to _m an inexhau/ible s\rce ( weal?1 especially to ^? :o are at ! head ( any religi\s e/abli%m5t1 :]e any =m ( ! ,%akti is ! presid+ div9ity4 ,^! prie/s :o day & night att5d on ! goddess1 & p]=m v>i\s my/ical rites1 gradually acquire ! cr$it ( hav+ close intimacy & secret communication ) h]2 & !n gifts1 pres5ts1 & votive (f]+s are incessantly p\r$ on ! alt>4 ,"u pret5ce ( heal+ diseases ( *ildr51 & cur+ b>r5ness1 mo!rs & "y wom5 are induc$ to jo9 9 ! wor%ip ( ,kali1 :5 ! wor?y vot>ies ( ! black goddess1 ! prie/s1 ?ank h] = hav+ fulfill$ ! object ( _! wi%es4 ,(f]+s are pres5t$1 n only = receiv+ bless+s1 b also = p]sonal safety4 ,life & dea? are said to be 9 ! h&s ( ^! ,%iddhas4 ,!y1 if provok$1 c soon] or lat]1 kill ! (f5d] by ! p[] ( _! mantras4 ,?is deadly c]emony is call$ ,m>anu**atan4 ,!re is 9 "o di/rict1 a temple d$icat$ to ,%iddhesw>i1 a =m ( ,kali1 ! late att5d+ prie/ ( :i* 0 a man univ]sally believ$ to be ( no common rate4 ,! belief yet prevails 9 ! neighb\rhood1 t once 9 ! height ( indignation he caus$ ! dea? ( a ri* native = hav+ indirectly call$ him a drunk>d4 ,! /ory runs ?us3--,at a fea/ giv5 to ! ,brahmans by ?is native g5tleman1 ! prie/ ( ,%iddhesw>i 0 invit$ to 8 h\se1--! latt]1 on acc\nt ( ! manifold duties ( ! temple1 0 late 9 8 att5dance1 on :i* ! ho/1 be+ displeas$ ) 8 conduct1 said to him z he ent]$ ! door1 ,well1 ,bhatta*>jya1 n[ ,i believe ! dimness ( y\r eyes has vani%$1 allud+ to 8 kn[n habit ( dr9k+4 ,at ?is raill]y1 ! rage ( ! fav\rite ( ,kali knew no b\nds4 ,he in/antly return$ to ! temple & clos$ its doors1 /rictly enjo9+ 8 s]vants n to di/urb 8 m$itation be=e flames f ! fun]al pile ( ! wret*$ ho/ asc5d$ to ! skies4 ,&1 wond]ful to relate1 an h\r _h sc>cely elaps$1 be=e ! sons ( ! ho/ came to ! prie/ ) clo!s ar\nd _! necks1 fell suppliant on _! knees1 & ) fold$ h&s implor$ 8 m]cy1 say+1 ,o6 ,sir1 save u & our family4 ,! prie/ smil+1 ask$ !m :at 0 ! matt]1 to :i* !y repli$1 weep+1 ,our fa!r is no m4 ,no soon] _h y\r holy feet left our doors1 ?an on a sudd5 blood came out ru%+ f 8 m\?1 he fell on ! gr\nd & expir$4 ,save u1 we entreat !e1 & ! re/ ( 8 family1 = we h n (f5d$ aga9/ ?y holy div9ity4 ,on ?is1 ! wra? ( ! prie/ 0 pacifi$1 & he spoke to !m 9 an affectionate tone2 ,no fe>1 my *ildr51 y are safe1 g home & p]=m y\r fa!r's fun]al obsequies4 ,ano!r m>vell\s anecdote is told ( him1 z well z ( _m o!rs ( simil> "*4 ,:5 on "o occasion he 0 br++ liquor conceal$ 9 a wat]-pot1 a p]son ^: object 0 to expose him1 /opp$ him on ! way & want$ to see :at 0 9 ! pot4 ,to ?is he calmly repli$1 no?+ b milk4 ,say+ ?is1 he p\r$ out ! cont5ts1 & ! liquor 0 f\nd conv]t$ into milk4 ,su* p]sons1 by tak+ advantage ( ! fe>s ( ! sup]/iti\s ,h9dus1 extort money & o!r pres5ts f !m4 ,mu* ( ! spl5d\r ( ! ,h9du idolatry consi/s 9 ! celebration ( ! ,%akta rites4 ,! great fe/ivals1 :i* are annually celebrat$ 9 ,b5gal1 su* z ! ,durga ,puja1 ! ,jagaddh>i & ,kali ,pujas1 ! ,*>ak1 ! ,basanti1 ,rutanti & ,falah>i ,pujas1 are all ,%aktya obs]vances1 & = ! mo/ "p p]=m$ by ! wor%ipp]s ( ! ,%akti4 ,^! fe/ivals !mselves1 & ! exhibitions t accompany !m1 ex]t a p]nici\s influ5ce ov] ! morals ( ! p4 ,! _s 9 :i* ^! religi\s days are kept1 ! spl5did & fasc9at+ c]emonies connect$ ) !m1 & ! m]ry exhibitions1 includ+ savage music & indec5t danc+1 t =m a "p ( ! wor%ip1 _c b captivate & corrupt ! he>t & ov]p[] ! judgm5t ( y\?4 ,! ,%akta processions are utt]ly abom9able4 ,"o ( !m takes place aft] ! blood-(f]+s at public fe/ivals4 ,( a simil> "* are ^? :i* g be=e & foll[ ! images1 :5 c>ri$ to be ?r[n into ! riv] or into a pond4 ,on ^! occasions ! ,%aktas utt] t]ms mo/ grossly obsc5e1 l\dly & repeat$ly1 & make ge/ures ! mo/ indec5t t c be imag9$2 & all ?is be=e _! goddess & ! public4 ,! habit ( dr9k+ w9e1 :i* prevails s widely among ! ,%aktas1 produces baneful effects on ! m9ds ( ! ,h9dus4 ,leav+ ! ,kaulas z out ( ! "q1 s9ce !y !mselves tra9 up _! *ildr5 9 ! habit ( dr9k+1 ! ,%aktas 9 g5]al are m =w>d 9 try+ ! qualities ( ! prohibit$ article ?an any o!r sect ( ! or?odox ,h9dus1 & _! example /imulates o!rs to d ! same4 ,?is is "o ( ! reasons :y ! dr9k+ ( spiritu\s liquors1 :i* 0 almo/ unkn[n among ! ,h9dus ( yore1 has gradually become s preval5t among !m1 z at ?is day4 ,! t5ets ( ! ,%aktas op5 ! way = ! gratification ( all ! s5sual appetites1 !y hold out enc\ragem5t to drunk>ds1 ?ieves & dacoits2 !y pres5t ! means ( satisfy+ e lu/ful desire2 !y blunt ! feel+s by au?oris+ ! mo/ cruel practices1 & lead m5 to commit abom9ations :i* place !m on a level ) ! bea/s4 ,! ,%aktya wor%ip is impure 9 itself1 obsc5e 9 its practices1 & highly injuri\s to ! life & "* ( m54#ad #ad ,see ,calcutta ,review = #ahee4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,consid]ations respect+ ! orig9 ( ,phallic wor%ip--,comp>isons betwe5 ,indian & ,egyptian practices & doctr9es4 ,= ! bulk ( ! evid5ce respect+ ,phallic or ,nature ,wor%ip1 & = illu/rations ( its orig9al "* & ultimate developm5ts1 x is evid5t t ,india is ! l& to :i* we mu/ *iefly look = in=mation3 = ?is reason ! majority ( ! prec$+ pages deal ) t "p ( ! _w4 ,hi/orically p]haps !re is consid]able difficulty 9 decid+ z to :]e ?is wor%ip orig9at$2 its antiquity is s great1 & its diffusion ?r\gh\t v>i\s c\ntries s g5]al & ext5sive1 t x appe>s impossible to say :e!r ,greece1 ,rome1 ,india1 or ,egypt 0 its e>lie/ home or bir?place4 ,!re are "s consid]ations1 h[ev]1 :i* r5d] x probable t x 0 9 ,india :]e its e>lie/ manife/ations 7 exhibit$4 ,:atev] impurities & abom9ations may h clu/]$ r\nd x 9 comp>atively mod]n times1 ! fact mu/ n be lo/ sight (1 t 9 its e>li] phases 9 t c\ntry no?+ 0 associat$ ) x t 0 calculat$ to cause any (f5ce to ! mo/ ref9$ & mode/ ( m9ds4 ,v little judgm5t is ne$$ to und]/& t ! t5d5cy ( practices ?us appeal+ to ! mo/ easily excit$ ( ! animal passions w\ld be d[nw>d r ?an upw>d1 t in/ead ( gr[+ pure & free f ! ta9t ( lu/ful desires1 ! almo/ inevitable fruit w\ld be impurity & lic5ti\s indulg5ce2 x is n likely !re=e t ! m respectable wor%ip ( e>ly ,india w\ld be ! product ( ! gross practices ( ! o!r nations we h nam$4 ,we c see cle>ly en\gh1 we ?9k1 ! orig9 ( ?is wor%ip re/+ ^u ! highe/ aspirations ( ! human s\l4 ,9 endeav\r+ to frame a !ological sy/em & arrange a me?od ( wor%ip to meet ! crav+s ( ! m9d = int]c\rse ) ! creative p[]s ( ! univ]se1 m5 w\ld be sure to fix _! ?\ghts ^u ^? means & ag5ts by :i* liv+ be+s & ?+s 7 br\ght into exi/5ce1 & :i*1 to say ! lea/ ( x1 act$ z second>y causes 9 ! creative "w4 ,^!1 ( c\rse1 w\ld be ! g5]ative organs ( m5 & animals 9 g5]al1 & = want ( bett] & m exalt$ tea*+1 !y w\ld easily en\gh p]suade !mselves t x 0 a prop] ?+ to wor%ip ! p[] symboliz$ by su* objects1 if !y did n actually wor%ip ! objects !mselves4 ,p]haps orig9ally1 ! fir/ ( ^! two ideas 0 all t 0 int5d$ or contemplat$1 = x is und5iable t _m cases h come "u our notice 9 :i* m5 7 really r5d]+ adoration to an unkn[n spiritual p[] :5 !y appe>$ to be do+ no?+ b wor%ipp+ a grav5 image4 ,!re is no d\bt ! religi\s sy/em ( ! ,h9dus is v anci5t1 & x has be5 suppos$ by "s t x 0 =m$ ab\t ! same "t z t ( ! ,egyptians1 f :i* t ( ! ,greeks & o!r we/]n nations 0 9 "s measure d]iv$4 ,_m po9ts ( resemblance h be5 obs]v$ betwe5 !m1 too _m1 & too /rik+1 to h be5 =tuit\s4 ,ev5 "s ( ! inhabitants ( ,e?iopia appe> to h be5 ( ! same orig9 ) ^? ( ,h9do/an1 & bo? ! ,e?iopians & ,egyptians seem to h _h "s connection or int]c\rse ) ! ,h9doos2 b ( :at k9d x 01 or :5 x subsi/$1 we h no c]ta9 acc\nt2 & !y appe> to h be5 s long sep>at$1 t at pres5t !y are 9 total ignorance ( ea* o!r4 ,accord+ to ,eusebius & ,syncellus1 "s p f ! riv] ,indus settl$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,egypt 9 ! reign ( ,am5ophis1 ! fa!r ( ,seso/ris1 & _m ,egyptians1 bani%$ by _! pr9ces1 settl$ 9 o!r c\ntries & w5t z f> z ,india4 ,x is also suppos$ t _m ( ! prie/s ( ,egypt left ! c\ntry on ! invasion ( x by ,cambyses4 ,b su* circum/ances z ^! are n suffici5t to acc\nt = ! great resemblance betwe5 ! two sy/ems4 ,! ,h9doos !mselves say t _! sacr$ books came f ! ,we/1 b !y !mselves1 no d\bt1 z well z _! books1 came f t qu>t]1 & _! sacr$ books1 x is suppos$1 7 probably compos$ :ile ! seat ( ! empire 0 9 ,p]sia4 ,!re are a few ,egyptian words simil> to ^? 9 ! anci5t language ( ,h9do/an1 :i* seem to %ew t ! two p _h "s aff9ity to ea* o!r4 ,brama1 pron\nc$ bir\ma 9 ,malab>1 signifies man1 & s did pir\ma 9 ! language ( ,egypt4 ,! "n ( ! riv] ( ,egypt1 ,nile1 is probably ,sanscrit1 s9ce nila 9 t language1 signifies blue1 & ! anci5ts say x _h its "n f t col\r4 ,b circum/ances ( mu* m importance ?an ^! discov] "s e>ly connection betwe5 ,h9do/an & ,egypt4 ,! names & figures ( ! twelve signs ( ! ,zodiac among ! ,h9doos are ne>ly ! same ) ours1 :i* came f ,egypt ?r\gh ,greece1 & ea* ( ^! signs is divid$ into ?irty degrees4 ,bo? ! ,egyptians & ,h9doos _h also ! same division ( "t into weeks1 & !y d5om9at$ ea* ( ! days by ! names ( ! same planets4 ,! resemblance betwe5 ! ,ori5tal & ,occid5tal sy/ems ext5ds mu* f>!r ?an ,egypt4 ,! (fice & p[] ( ! ,druids 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,europe1 did n diff] mu* f ^? ( ! ,brahm9s2 & ! ,etruscans1 f :om ! ,romans d]iv$ ! greate/ "p ( _! le>n+ & religion1 _h a sy/em :i* _h a ne> aff9ity ) t ( ! ,p]sians & ,indians1 & !y wrote alt]nately to ! "r h& & ! left4 ,sev]al rem>kable g5]al pr9ciples 7 held alike by ! anci5t ,egyptians & ! ,h9doos4 ,!y bo? believ$ t ! s\ls ( m5 exi/$ 9 a prior /ate1 & w5t into o!r bodies aft] dea?4 ,!y _h ! same ideas ( ! body be+ a prison to ! s\l1 & imag9$ t !y c\ld purify & exalt ! s\l by ! mortification ( ! body2 & f ! idea ( ! great sup]iority ( spiritual to corporeal sub/ances1 !y held all matt] 9 great contempt4 ,!y also believ$ 7accord+ to ,la ,croze7 t plants _h a pr9ciple ( animation4 ,sev]al religi\s ideas & cu/oms 7 common to bo? c\ntries4 ,! ,egyptians ( ,!bais repres5t$ ! _w "u ! figure ( an egg1 :i* came f ! m\? ( ,cneph1 & ?is resembl$ ! fir/ production accord+ to ! ,h9doo sy/em4 ,sev]al ( ! ,egyptian deities 7 bo? male & female1 :i* corresponds ) ! figure ( ! l+am ) ! ,h9doos4 ,?is obsc5e figure1 at lea/ ! phallus1 0 mu* us$ 9 ! ,egyptian wor%ip1 & f ,egypt x 0 c>ri$ into ,greece1 :]e x 0 us$ 9 ! my/]ies ( ,bac*us4 ,z ! ,h9doos wor%ipp$ _! god ,siva "u ?is figure1 & c>ri$ x 9 procession1 ! ,egyptians & ,greeks did ! same ) ! phallus4 ,also1 ! lascivi\s po/ures ( ! ,egyptian wom5 be=e _! god ,apis1 7 ! same z ^? ( ! ,h9doo wom5 be=e _! idols4 ,! ,h9doos also *ose _! sacr$ bulls by ! same m>ks z 7 us$ by ! ,egyptians4 ,!n1 aga91 ! acc\nt ( ! flight ( ! ,egyptian gods1 z giv5 by ! ,greeks1 & _! conceal+ !mselves "u ! =ms ( animals1 be>s "s resemblance to ! v>i\s trans=mations ( ,vi%nu4 ,also1 ! ,egyptians wor%ipp$ ! ,nile & ! ,h9doos ! ,ganges4 ,"s ( ! ,h9doo temples h ! same rem>kable =m1 viz41 t ( a pyramid1 or cone4 ,t ! pyramids ( ,egypt _h "s religi\s use c h>dly be d\bt$4 ,all ! pagodas are 9 t =m1 or h t[]s ( t =m 9 ! build+s :i* surr\nd !m4 ,! temples 9 ,pegu are also ( a conical =m4 ,sir ,william ,jones says t ! pyramids ( ,egypt1 z well z ^? discov]$ 9 ,irel&1 & probably also ! t[] ( ,babel1 seem to h be5 int5d$ = images ( ,mahadeva1 or ,siva4 ,"o o!r ?+1 ! onion1 :i* 0 held 9 v5]ation by ! ,egyptians1 is n eat5 by ! ,h9doos4 ,n only d we f9d ! same g5]al pr9ciples1 & ! same1 or simil>1 religi\s cu/oms1 b "s ( ! same gods among ! ,h9doos1 ,egyptians1 & ,greeks4 ,! ,egyptian ,cneph 0 ! ,supreme intellig5ce1 :i* 0 nev] lo/ sight ( by ! ,h9doos4 ,) ! ,egyptians1 ,isis repres5t$ n only ! moon1 b sometimes ! p[]s ( ,nature1 :i* 7 suppos$ to h be5 9 a great measure d]iv$ f ! moon2 & 9 ,b5gal & ,japan1 also1 ! same is call$ ,is>i1 or ,isi1 & is describ$ z a goddess ) _m arms4 ,accord+ to ,sir ,william ,jones1 ,isw>a ( ! ,h9doos is ! ,osiris ( ! ,egyptians1 & ,n>$1 a di/+ui%$ son ( ,brahma1 resembles ,h]mes1 or ,m]cury4 ,a /atue ( ,jupit] _h a ?ird eye 9 its =ehead1 & ,siva has ?ree eyes4 ,diodorus ,siculus & ,plut>* say t ,osiris signifies a p]son t has _m eyes1 & ,siva is drawn ) an additional eye 9 8 =ehead1 ?\gh ! phallus is 8 usual =m4 ,osiris 0 said to h be5 kill$ by ,typhon1 & ,*ib cut (f ! head ( ,brahma4 ,indra ( ! ,h9doos1 call$ also ,divespit]1 is ,jupit]1 or ,diespit]2 ! bull ( ,isw>a is ! ,apis1 or ,ap1 ( ,egypt4 ,c>traya1 ) six faces & _m eyes1 0 ! ,egyptian ,orus1 & ! ,m>s ( ,italy4 ,sri1 or ,iris1 call$ also ,p$na1 & ,camala1 0 ,c]es1 & accord+ to ,h]odotus1 %e 0 ! ,egyptian ,isis4 ,ganesu 0 ,janus4 ,visuac>man1 ! ,indian =g] ( arms = ! gods1 0 ,vulcan4 ,! ,rama ( ,india is ,dyonisus1 call$ also ,bromius by ! ,greeks3 ,kri%nu or ,vi%nu1 is ,apollo1 & 9 ,iri%1 x signifies ! sun4 ,accord+ to ! ,v$as & o!r sacr$ works1 a bad g5ius1 or giant1 seizes on ! sun & moon :5 !y are eclips$1 & ! ,egyptians ascrib$ ! same ?+ to _! ,typhon1 :o 0 said ev5 to h swall[$ _! god ,horus1 or ! ,sun4 ,! ,egyptians at c]ta9 fe/ivals c>ri$ ! images ( _! gods 9 procession4 ,h]odotus says !y drew "o ( !m 9 a c>riage ) f\r :eels1 & ! same 0 done by ! ,h9doos4 ,! ,egyptians held c[s 9 mu* great] v5]ation ?an any o!r animals2 !y 7 sacr$ to ,isis1 & nev] sacrific$4 ,"s sup]/iti\s respect 0 also paid to horn$ cattle by ! ,p]sians4 ,9 an acc\nt ( ! ,z5dave/a1 ,ormusd1 ! ,supreme ,be+1 directs ,z]du%t to r5d] wor%ip & praise to ! ,supreme ,ox1 & to ! ra91 ( :i* ! angel ,ja%t]1 :o subsi/s 9 ! =m ( an ox1 is ! di/ributor4 ,! ,h9doos made "s use ( ! image ( a bull1 z ,mr4 ,sonn]at relates 9 8 acc\nt ( "s ( _! ,temples1 ?\gh !y nev] c>ri$ _! sup]/ition 9 ?is respect s f> z ! ,egyptians1 :o made live bulls ! imm$iate objects ( _! wor%ip4 ,x may be said t 9 all ?is !re is a great deal ( m]e conjecture1 & !re=e ( unc]ta9ty2 ! evid5ce1 h[ev]1 ^u :i* x is f\nd$1 com+ f a numb] ( indep5d5t s\rces f writ]s ( repute1 le>n+1 & v]acity--is n easily dispos$ (4 ,x seems conclusive t sy/ems v l "o ano!r inde$ prevail$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w1 & ?\gh simil> situations may lead to simil> s5tim5ts1 & correspond+ practices1 ! above m5tion$ simil>ity is too great1 & ext5ds to too _m p>ticul>s1 to be ?us acc\nt$ =4 ,x is n at all extraord9>y t m5 :o _h no communication ) ea* o!r %\ld be equally wor%ipp]s ( ! sun1 moon1 & />s1 t !y %\ld fancy deep cav]ns1 or ?ick woods1 to be haunt$ ) spirits1 t p>ticul> riv]s %\ld h _! sev]al g5ii1 or deities disp5s+ _! wat]s at _! pleasure1 z ! sun1 !y might suppose1 did 8 heat1 & ! moon1 ! />s1 & ! planets _! peculi> influ5ces2 b t !y %\ld adopt ! same rites 9 ! wor%ip ( ^! natural deities1 & especially t !y %\ld give !m attributes1 & ev5 names1 s ne>ly alike1 is beyond ! effect ( accid5t4 ,! conclusion we come to1 & :i* we ?9k is fully w>rant$ by all ! circum/ances1 is1 t ! great mass ( phallic wor%ip exi/+ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w began 9 ,india1 & gradually f\nd its way into ! we/]n nations1 becom+1 z 0 p]fectly natural ) su* a sy/em1 m & m deprav$ z "t w5t on1 & z x 0 f\nd t x c\ld be made subs]vi5t to ! desires & passions ( lic5ti\s m54 ,our frontispiece repres5ts a pi\s female propitiat+ ,mahadeva or ,siva 9 8 g5]ative "*1 indicat$ by ! ,l+a1 ins]t$ 9 its appropriate receptacle1 ! ,argha1 or ,yoni4 ,! engrav+ is tak5 f a picture :i* ,moor describes z be+ delicately execut$1 ! female be+ "y1 h&some1 & elegantly dress$4 ,%e is p]=m+ ! c]emony ( ,l+a puja1 to :i* su* frequ5t ref]5ces is made 9 ^! pages1 & %e has spread out 9 front ( h] ! v>i\s objects requir$ 9 t s]vice4 ,! symbol is plac$ 9 "o ( ! _m dome/ic temples1 common at "o "t 9 ,india1 kn[n z ,dewal1 or ,devel1 f ,deva1 a deity1 & havela1 a h\se1 lit]ally a h\se ( ,god4 ,x is ?is erection :i* is ord9>ily writt5 pagoda1 by ! ,engli%1 a ^w n us$ 9 ,india4 ,! /one ( ! build+ is :ite1 its l9es gold1 & x is surm\nt$ by a gold spire1 call$ ,sekra2 :5 temples1 or o!r ?+s h a conical1 or p9e-apple %ap$ t]m9ation1 su* ornam5t is call$ ,kalasa4 ,! ext]ior ( ! temple is :ite1 its int]ior1 a% col\r$1 l its patron deity1 ! ,l+a & ,asgha are ( black /one ) gilt edges3 ! ,l+a 7! upright conical /one71 :i* has my/ical orange col\r$ l9es trac$ on x1 is cr[n$ ) encircl$ folds ( ,bilva fl[]s2 & a *aplet ( ?ree /r+s ( !m1 :ite ) yell[ buds at regul> di/ances1 hangs p5d5t f ! top ( ! ,l+a1 fall+ t[>ds ! t]m9ation or sp\t ( ! ,argha4 ,! ,bilva is a %rub consecrat$ to ,mahadeva1 :o alone we>s a *aplet ( its fl[]s1 :i* are (f]$ 9 sacrifice to no o!r deity4 ,! v>i\s implem5ts us$ 9 ! puja to ,siva are1 five light$ lamps2 7or "o lamp ) five wicks7 a sp\t$ vessel hold+ lu/ral wat]2 a cup = ghee2 ano!r cup = wat] ) :i* to spr9kle ! fl[]s2 & a bell rung at c]ta9 times to sc>e away evil spirits4 ,! woman sits on an embroid]$ c>pet1 call$ ,asana3 h] "r h& is 9 a bag ( gold brocade1 ! h& be+ suppos$ to hold a ros>y ( r\nd beads1 #ajh 9 numb] )\t ! connect+ ones4 ,?is picture admirably illu/rates ! true "* ( ! orig9al l+am-wor%ip ( ,india1 & fully be>s out all t has be5 said respect+ its orig9al fre$om f ! indec5cies :i* aft]w>ds became s flagrant & univ]sal4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,vocabul>y ( words ( ,indian & ,sanscrit orig94 ,abadi--,an inhabit$ place4 ,aban--,! "n ( ! eigh? mon?4 ,aba%an--,a l[ ca/e ( lab\r]s4 ,abd--,a slave4 ,abdali--,fakirs ( ! ba%>a ord]4 ,abd>--,a s]vant :o prep>es wat] = dome/ic use4 ,abdhut--,a sect ( religi\s m5dicants4 ,abhir--,a ca/e employ$ z c[h]ds & %eph]ds4 ,abk>--,a mak] ( /rong wat]s4 ,abri--,a build+ /one f\nd at ,kabul4 ,a*>gya--,a ca/e ( ,b5galese1 said to h orig9at$ f ! ,brahm9s4 ,a*>ya--,a tea*]4 ,a*atur--,a ca/e ( cultivators ( ! soil4 ,adalat--,a c\rt ( ju/ice4 ,ad>--,! n9? mon?4 ,adbhutasanti--,a burnt sacrifice us$ to c\nt]act evil om5s4 ,adhipati---,a rul]4 ,adhw>yu--,! ?ird class ( prie/s employ$ at a v$ic sacrifice4 ,adi ,gran?--,! *ief scripture ( ! ,sikhs4 ,ad9a?--,! fir/ arhat ( ! ,ja9s4 ,aditya--,! sun4 ,adl+adaw>--,a ca/e ( agriculturi/s4 ,advi*9*i--,a ca/e ( cultivators ( ! l&4 ,afrit--,a demon4 ,ag>wala--,a trad+ ca/e4 ,agasa--,a ca/e ( wa%]m54 ,aghora--,religi\s m5dicants :o sometimes fe$ on human fle%4 ,agi>i--,a temple 9 :i* p]petual fire is ma9ta9$4 ,agni--,! god ( fire4 ,aguri--,a ,b5galese ca/e ( cultivators4 ,ahri--,"o ( ! ,himalayan gods4 ,ahriman--,! p]sonification ( evil 9 ! ,zoroa/rian religion4 ,ak%amala--,a /r+ ( beads4 ,alif%ai--,! ,b5awa fakirs4 ,aman?--,a ,b5galese ca/e employ$ z s]vants4 ,am>as--,immortal4 ,ambattan--,a ca/e employ$ z b>b]s4 ,amma ,kodagas--,a sect driv5 away by ! ,brahm9s4 ,anant--,endless1 a "n appli$ to ,vi%nu & o!r gods4 ,&hy>u--,a ,p>si prie/4 ,&ra--,a ,buddhi/ dyna/y consid]$ to h reign$ 9 ,india f #ca ,b4,c4 to #dbi ,a4,d4 ,anila--,! god ( fire4 ,annapurna--,! goddess :o is said to fe$ ! inhabitants ( ,b5>es4 ,aranyaka--,a "p ( ! ,v$a1 consid]$ s holy t x may be read only 9 ! solitude ( a =e/4 ,ar*aka--,an (ficiat+ prie/ at a pagoda4 ,ardha-matra--,a my/]i\s ^w applicable to ! deity4 ,ardhan>isa--,"n ( ,siva 9 8 =m z half male1 half female4 ,arja--,a female m5dicant4 ,asani--,a small seat1 also a c>pet us$ at pray]s4 ,asiloma--,a demon :o _h swords in/ead ( hair4 ,a/hal--,a temple4 ,asura--,a _s4 ,atasil--,! eight precepts b9d+ on an upasaka4 ,a?>wa--,! "n ( ! f\r? v$a4 ,aukamma--,a village goddess4 ,ava/a--,! ,zoroa/rian scriptures4 ,ay5>--,a god ( ,india :o is suppos$ to gu>d ! fields f demons4 ,azad--,an ord] ( fakirs4 ,bagh--,a g>d54 ,bahu*>aji--,a goddess wor%ipp$ 9 ,guj>at4 ,bahuta--,an amulet worn on ! arm by ! wor%ipp]s ( ,n>s+h4 ,bai--,a lady4 ,baidni--,a woman ( ! ,baidya ca/e4 ,baidya--,a ca/e suppos$ to be ! (fspr+ ( a ,brahman fa!r & ,vaisya "m4 ,balai--,a ca/e ( ,sudras4 ,bal>am--,! eld] bro!r ( ,kri%na1 sometimes an inc>nation ( ,vi%nu4 ,bana--,an arr[4 ,b&ha--,a slave or bondm54 ,b>ahan--,a goddess :o is suppos$ to cure swell$ h&s & feet4 ,b>at--,! f9al c]emony ( a m>riage4 ,b>wa--,a wise man ( ! ,bhils4 ,basani--,a pro/itute1 or female d$icat$ to a god4 ,basawa--,! sacr$ bull4 ,ba%kala--,a demon4 ,b5awa--,a community ( fakirs ( ! be%>a ord]4 ,be%>a--,^? fakirs :o hold !mselves above ! law4 ,bhad>ia--,m5dicant a/rolog]s ( ,brahman orig94 ,bhadu--,a l[ class ( ,uriya ,brahmans4 ,bhagat--,a wor%ipp]4 ,bhagvan--,! div9e _s4 ,bhagwat--,a "n = ,god4 ,bhairawa--,a "n ( ,siva4 ,bhairawana?--,a "n ( ,siva4 ,bhairon--same z ,bhairona?4 ,bhakta--,a devotee4 ,bhav9--,a woman devot$ to ! s]vice ( ! ,temple4 ,bhikhu--,a religi\s m5dicant4 ,bhopi--,a prie/ ( a village temple4 ,bhu--,! e>?4 ,bhut--,! _s ( ! dead2 a gobl94 ,bhutesw>a--,a "n ( ,siva z de/roy]4 ,bhutya--,devotees ( ,bhawani4 ,bilwa--,! bel tree4 ,bi%esw>--,a "n ( ,siva1 allud+ to 8 hav+ swall[$ poison4 ,boa--,a ,temple4 ,bo-tree--,! pipal4 ,brahma--,! ,creator4 ,brahman--,! fir/ ( ! ,h9du ca/es4 ,brahmani--,a woman ( ,brahman ca/e4 ,broto--,a v[4 ,budibudaki--,a religi\s begg> :o sme>s himself ) a%es4 ,burha-,deo--,! great ,god4 ,b--,! "n ( a devi4 ,catan>--,a prie/ ( ! ,syrian ,*ur*4 ,*akra--,! weapon ( ,vi%nu4 ,*attur--,a consecrat$ cake ( c[-dung4 ,*h&as--,a sacr$ hymn4 ,*h&oga--,a "n ( ! udgatri prie/4 ,*illah--,a =ty days' fa/4 ,*itpawan--,a subdivision ( ! ,mah>a%tra ,brahmans4 ,*itragupta--,! fir/ ( ! m9i/]s ( ,yama4 ,*olipan?--,a sect ( ,panjabis all[+ free sexual int]c\rse4 ,*ori--,a m>riage hall4 ,*urel--,a hobgobl9 9 ! =m ( a hide\s woman4 ,crore--,t5 millions4 ,dada--,an eld]ly p]son1 or a pat]nal gr&fa!r4 ,dadupan?i--,a ,vai%nawa sect f\nd$ by ,dadu4 ,daft>--,a regi/]4 ,dagoba--,a dome-l /ructure built ov] ! relics ( a sa9t4 ,da9--,a wit*4 ,daitya--,a demon4 ,daiwatapka--,p>si betro?al c]emony4 ,dakaut--,bram9ical a/rological m5dicants4 ,dakiri--,a female imp :o fe$s ^u human fle%4 ,da*o*a--,a ca/e said to be desc5d$ f a ,brahman fa!r & a ,gauli "m4 ,dak%9a--,a c[ fit to be giv5 to a ,brahman4 ,danawa--,a demon4 ,d>gah--,! tomb ( a sa9t4 ,dasi--,a woman d$icat$ to a temple4 ,da/ur--,a ,p>si high prie/4 ,devi--,a goddess2 especially ,durga4 ,devrukhi--,! room ( a temple :]e ! idol /&s4 ,dewa--,a god4 ,dewanga--,"o :o we>s ! emblem ( ,siva4 ,dewa/han--,a temple4 ,dewata--,a deity4 ,dhumra--,a giant4 ,d9e%a--,"l ( ! day4 ,diw>---,div9ity ( a village1 = :om a portion ( ! gra9 is set ap>t at ea* h>ve/4 ,dobe--,a brahma :o has /udi$ two ( ! f\r ,v$as4 ,durdh>a--,a lead] 9 ! army ( demons4 ,durga--,! consort ( ,siva4 ,durga-puga--,! wor%ip ( ,durga4 ,durmukha--,! "n ( a demon--! fury fac$4 ,dwap>ayuga--,! ,?ird age ( ! _w4 ,e%ana--,"o ( ! names ( ,siva4 ,fakir--,a ,mohamm$an religi\s m5dicant4 ,gabh>a--,! inn] room ( a temple :]e ! idol /&s4 ,gadipati--,*ief ( a body ( religi\s m5dicants4 ,ganesa--,a god1 ! son ( ,siva4 ,g>udi--,a snake *>m]4 ,g5too--,ano!r "n = a ,h9du4 ,ghaus--,a fakir ( ! highe/ sanctity4 ,gom$ha--,! sacrifice ( a c[4 ,gondhal--,a noisy fe/ival 9 hon\r ( ,devi4 ,gopura--,build+ ov] ! gate ( a temple4 ,gorakhna?--,a "n ( ,siva4 ,gosa9--,an ascetic4 ,go%ana%9--,a ,mohamm$an ascetic4 ,gramadewata--,tutel>y deity ( a village4 ,gran?i--,a read] ( ! ,gran?1 or ,sikh ,scriptures4 ,grihadava--,! tutel>y god ( a h\se4 ,griha/ha--,a ,brahman 9 ! second asrama4 ,guga--,a sa9t to :om (f]+s are made to av]t dang] f snakes4 ,guru--,a religi\s tea*]4 ,haj--,a pilgrimage4 ,haji--,"o :o has p]=m$ ! ,haj4 ,hambali--,"o ( ! or?odox s*ools ( ,sunnis4 ,h>--,a "n ( ,siva4 ,h>a--,! de/roy]4 ,h>puji--,! wor%ip ( ! pl\gh4 ,homa--,an oblation made by p\r+ butt] on a fire4 ,hotri--,! highe/ class ( prie/ employ$ at a ,v$ic sacrifice4 ,hutt>i--,fe/ival 9 hon\r ( ! rice h>ve/4 ,id-al-fitr--,fe/ival ( break+ fa/4 ,idgah--,a place ( pray] = ,mussalmans4 ,imam--,! (ficiat+ prie/ ( a mosque4 ,indra--,! k+ ( ! firmam5t4 ,iravata--,! elephant ( ,indra4 ,i%na-namaz--,pray] ( sunset4 ,i%rak-namaz--,pray] at sunrise4 ,i%tadewa--,a fav\rite deity4 ,isw>a--,a "n ( ,siva4 ,jag--,a vigil kept by ,sudras on ! t5? night aft] a sudd5 dea?1 9 ord] to summon ! _s ( ! deceas$ into ! body ( 8 son1 or o!r p]son1 & reveal ! cause ( dea?1 ! place :]e 8 treasures are hidd51 or o!r matt] desir$ to be kn[n4--,j4 ,t4 ,meleswor?4 ,jaganna?--,a "n ( ,vi%nu4 ,jajman--,a patron4 ,jan>dan--,a "n ( ,vi%nu4 ,janhavi--,a "n ( ! ,ganges4 ,jatra--,a pilgrimage to a holy place4 ,j9--,a gobl94 ,jivag>--,a ,buddhi/ ascetic4 ,jn&ewa-pan?i--,a suppos$ inc>nation ( ,vi%nu4 ,kabir-pan?i--,a ,vai%nawa sect1 foll[]s ( ,kabir4 ,kailasa--,! heav5 ( ,siva4 ,kali--,! wife ( ,siva4 ,kalki--,! "n ( ,vi%nu 9 8 t5? awat>1 :i* is to take place at ! end ( ! pres5t1 or kali1 age1 :5 he w de/roy ! wick$ & inaugurate a new age ( purity4--,:itwor?4 ,k>niji--,a goddess wor%ipp$ 9 ,bikan]4 ,katayani--,a "n ( ! goddess ,p>vati4 ,kes>i--,! "n ( ! lion ( ,durga4 ,ke%ava--,"o ( ! names ( ,vi%nu4 ,khatib--,! prea*] 9 ! mosque on ,fridays & fea/-days4 ,khirakasi--,a sect ( ,h9dus :o r5\nc$ idolatry & ,brahmanism4 ,khodi>--,! devi ( "o ( sev5 si/]s ( ! ,*>an ca/e4 ,koti--,a crore1 or t5 millions4 ,k[m>i--,a appellation ( ,durga4 ,k[%iki--,a goddess t emanat$ f ,p>vati4 ,kub]--,! god ( ri*es4 ,lak%mi--,wife ( ,vi%nu4 ,l+a--,! phallus or emblematic repres5tation ( ,siva4 ,l+ait--,a sect ( ,saiwas :o we> ! emblem ( ! l+a4 ,lohana--,! mo/ num]\s class ( ,h9dus 9 ,s9dh4 ,lokas--,! _w4 ,madhu--,! "n ( a demon4 ,madhwa*>ya--,a ,vai%ava sect4 ,mahadeva--,a "n ( ,siva4 ,mahajanwadi--,a place :]e ca/e fea/s are celebrat$4 ,mahakala--,a "n ( ,siva4 ,mahesw>--,a "n ( ,siva4 ,manbhawa--,a ,vai%nava sect4 ,mantra--,=m ( wor%ip 9 ! olde/ "p ( ! v$a4 ,manu--,man4 ,f\nd] ( ! ,manvant>a4 ,m>uta--,w9d4 ,a god ( ! w9d4 ,masjid--,a ,mohomm$an *ur*4 ,ma/an--,! ,rasul%ahi fakirs4 ,mata--,"n appli$ to v>i\s goddesses4 ,matia--,a believ]4 ,matsya--,! fir/ pr9cipal awat] ( ,vi%nu4 ,mob$--,a ,p>si prie/4 ,mund--,a demon4 ,muni--,a sa9t4 ,mundphoda--,! ,gurzm> fakirs1 :o beat _! heads until !y ble$ 9 ord] to extort *>ity4 ,musa ,sohag--,a body ( fakirs :o dress z wom54 ,mutawalli--,! w>d5 ( a mosque4 ,nadiya--,a bull m>k$ z sacr$4 ,naga--,nak$4 ,nagesw>aswami--,a s]p5t deity4 ,nama--,a m>k worn on ! =ehead by foll[]s ( ,vi%nu4 ,namad>i--,a ,vai%nava4 ,n&ana--,a beautiful g>d5 9 ,indra's heav54 ,n&a ,devi--,a "n ( ,durga4 ,n&i--,siva's bull4 ,n>ak--,! place ( puni%m5t = s\ls4 ,n>akasur--,a demon son ( ,bhumi1 sla9 by ,vi%nu4 ,n>angk>--,! mak] ( m54 ,n>ayana--,! div9e _s mov+ on ! wat]s4 ,n>s9h--,a =m assum$ by ,vi%nu 9 ord] to de/roy ! demon ,hiranyakasipu4 ,nat--,a _s suppos$ to h ! p[] to w>d (f evil4 ,nav>--,a ,p>si prie/ ( l[ ord]4 ,naz>--,! evil eye4 ,nimb>ka--,a ,vai%avan sect wor%ipp+ ,kri%na & ,riadha conjo9tly4 ,nirwana--,hav+ ! fire ( life ext+ui%$4 ,pagoda--,a ,h9du temple 9 ! s\? ( ,india4 ,p>ame%v>i--,a "n ( ,durga4 ,p>amahansa--,a sect ( ,siva's devotees4 ,p>iah--,an outca/ f society4 ,p>vati--,! consort ( ,siva4 ,pasupati--,a "n ( ,siva4 ,patala--,! ne!r regions4 ,pavaka--,! god ( fire4 ,p9aki--,a "n ( ,siva4 ,prakriti--,a goddess4 ,pund>ikak%a--,lotus-ey$4 ,puru%a--,man2 ! human s\l4 ,rajasuya--,a sacrifice p]=m$ at a coronation4 ,rali--,! deifi$ _s ( a woman :o dr[n$ h]self on be+ m>ri$ to a *ild4 ,raman&i--,a sect ( ,vaisnavas4 ,ramanuja--,a ,vai%awan sect 9 ! s\? ( ,india4 ,ramban--,a prie/ ( high rank4 ,ra?--,a w> *>iot4 ,rig--,! fir/ ,v$a4 ,ri%i--,a sage or h]mit4 ,rozah--,a fa/4 ,rudra--,! /orm-god4 ,sadhu--,a sa9t4 ,sadra--,! sacr$ %irt worn by ! ,p>sis4 ,saduba--,! "n ( a goddess4 ,sakta--,a wor%ipp] ( a sakti4 ,sakti--,p[]4 ,sama--,! ?ird ,v$a4 ,sanhita--,a collection ( ,v$ic hymns4 ,sannyasi--,an ascetic4 ,saptapadi--,sev5 /eps tak5 r\nd ! sacr$ fire1 "p ( a ,h9du m>riage4 ,s>ava/i--,goddess ( eloqu5ce & lit]ature4 ,sa/ri--,a tea*]4 ,sattra--,a sacrifice4 ,sanra--,a wor%ipp] ( ! sun4 ,savitri--,"o ( ! inc>nations ( ,s>asvati4 ,%akra--,"o ( ! d5om9ations ( ,indra4 ,%akti--,p[]4 ,%ambu--,an appellation ( ,siva4 ,siva--,! ?ird p]son ( ! ,h9du triad4 ,srawak--,a ,buddhi/ sa9t4 ,sura--,a deity4 ,t>pana--,(f]+ ( wat]4 ,tr9etra--,?ree-ey$4 ,ugni--,god ( fire4 ,umbika--,a "n ( ,durga4 ,vai%navi--,! consort ( ,vi%nu4 ,vanhi--,"o ( ! names ( ! god ( fire4 ,vidhi--,"o ( ! names ( ,brahma4 ,vipra--,a p]son :o recites ,v$as4 ,vi%nu--,! second p]son ( ! ,h9du triad1 ! pres]v]4 ,vrutra--,! "n ( a demon4 ,yog9i--,a class ( malici\s female fi5ds4 ,nature ,wor%ip & ,my/ical ,s]ies4 ,cr4 #hvo1 ,vellum1 #gs4 #f;d4 ea*1 nett4 ,only a v limit$ numb]1 ,,privately ,,pr9t$4 ,,phallicism4--,a ,description ( ! ,wor%ip ( ,,l+am-,,yoni 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,_w1 & 9 diff]5t ,ages1 ) an ,acc\nt ( ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,crosses1 p>ticul>ly ( ! ,,crux ,,ansata 7or ,h&l$ ,cross7 & o!r ,symbols connect$ ) ! ,my/]ies ( ,,sex ,,wor%ip4 7,only 9 sets71 or #ajs4 #f;d4 sep>ately4 ,! importance ( ?is subject1 may be glean$ f ! foll[+ rem>ks ( ,major ,g54 ,=long4 ,our ,que5 rules ov]1 accord+ to ! late/ c5sus returns1 "s #ajj millions ( ,,pure-,,phallic wor%ipp]s1 t is ?ree times ! population ( ^! ,isl&s1 & if we say m]ely ,phallo-,sol> wor%ipp]s1 !n #bjj millions4 ,,ophiolatreia4--,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,rites & ,my/]ies connect$ ) ! ,orig91 ,rise1 & ,developm5t ( ,,s]p5t ,,wor%ip 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,_w1 enri*$ ) ,int]e/+ ,traditions1 & a full description ( ! celebrat$ ,s]p5t ,m\nds & ,temples1 ! :ole =m+ an exposition ( "o ( ! phases ( ,,phallic1 or ,,sex ,,wor%ip4 ,,phallic ,,objects1 ,,monum5ts ,,& ,,rema9s2 ,illu/rations ( ! ,rise & ,developm5t ( ! ,,phallic ,,idea 7,sex ,wor%ip71 & its embodim5t 9 ,works ( ,nature & ,art4 ,et*$ ,frontispiece4 ,,cultus ,,arborum4--,a ,descriptive ,acc\nt ( ,,phallic ,,tree ,,wor%ip1 ) illu/rative ,leg5ds1 ,sup]/iti\s ,usages1 etc42 exhibit+ its ,orig9 & ,developm5t among/ ! ,ea/]n & ,we/]n ,nations ( ! ,_w1 f ! e>lie/ to mod]n times4 ,?is "w has a valuable bibliography :i* w be ( ! greate/ use & value to ! /ud5t ( ,anci5t ,fai?s4 ,x conta9s ref]5ces to ne>ly five hundr$ works on ,phallism & k9dr$ subjects4 ,,fi%es1 ,,fl[]s1 ,,& ,,fire z ,,elem5ts ,,& ,,deities 9 ! ,,phallic ,,fai?s ,,& ,,wor%ip ( ! ,anci5t ,religions ( ,,greece1 ,,babylon1 ,,rome1 ,,india1 etc41 ) illu/rative ,my?s & ,leg5ds4 ,,ar*aic ,,rock ,,inscriptions2 an ,acc\nt ( ! ,cup & ,r+ ,m>k+ on ! ,sculptural ,/ones ( ! ,old & ,new ,worlds4 ,) et*$ frontispiece4 ,let any "o inspect ! plates 9 works del9eat+ ! ,h9du ,pan!on1 & comp>e ! draw+s ( ! l+am-yoni ) _m ( ! rock m>k+s we h describ$1 ) ^? = in/ance on ! frontispiece ( ?is book1 & !y w f9d x difficult to avoid ! conclusion t !re is a manife/ & /rik+ connection4 ,! fact is1 ! phallic idea1 has prevail$ all ov] ! _w to a f> great] ext5t ?an _m h ev] imag9$1 & sup]ficial obs]v]s h pass$ by _m ?+s z inexplicable :i* came prop]ly )9 its doma91 & :i* ?us recognis$1 w\ld h be5 readily und]/ood4 ,x is n1 ( c\rse1 to ! gross =ms ( ! ,priapus us$ 9 anci5t ,greek1 ,roman1 or ,egyptian ,fe/ivals t we allude1 b to ! mu* m ref9$1 &1 if we may s call x1 mode/ l+am wor%ip ( ,india4--,,! ,,au?or4 ,,nature ,,wor%ip1 or an ,acc\nt ( ,,phallic ,,fai?s & ,practices1 ,anci5t & ,mod]n1 includ+ ! ,adoration ( ! ,male & ,female ,p[]s1 & ! ,,sacti ,,puja ,,( ,,indian ,,gno/icism1 by ! au?or ( ,phallicism1 ) et*$ frontispiece4 ,! subject rea*es f ! e>lie/ dawn ( hi/ory ?r\gh long & ev5tful ages1 d[n to ! mo/ mod]n times1 & t\*es almo/ e k+dom ( ! pa/ & pres5t1 9 ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! e>?4 ,! une>?+ ( long-buri$ /atues1 monum5ts1 & my/ify+ inscriptions1 has sugge/$ & provok$ new l9es ( /udy among symbolical rema9s1 & ! key to s mu* t = long 0 unreadable has be5 f\nd 9 ! s+ul> revelations ( ?is peculi> wor%ip4 ,,my/]ies ,,( ,,! ,,rosie ,,cross1 or ! ,hi/ory ( t ,curi\s ,sect ( ! ,middle ,ages1 kn[n z ! ,,rosicrucians1 ) ,examples ( _! ,pret5sions & ,claims4 ,9 ?is "w an attempt has be5 made to convey an intelligible idea ( ! peculi> my/ic sect ( ! ,rosicrucians4 ,x is ! fir/ s]i\s attempt to p5etrate ! secret recesses ( ?is occult body1 ^: /range beliefs & curi\s practices h1 ev] s9ce ! days ( ,ros5kreutz1 be5 envelop$ 9 a cl\d ( pr(\nd my/]y4 ,transcrib]'s ,note ,! spell+s are inconsi/5t z pres5t$ 9 ! orig9al "w4