,,an?ropological ,,pap]s   ,,(   ,,!    
,,am]ican ,,museum   ,,( ,,natural      
,,hi/ory    ,,vol4 ,,xvi1 ,,"p ,,vi     
,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,ki[a ,,sun ,,dance   
,,by   ,,leslie ,,spi]     ,,new ,,york 
,,publi%$ ,,by ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,tru/ees 
#aiba       ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,ki[a     
,,sun ,,dance4    ,,by ,,leslie ,,spi]4 
,,illu/rations4   ,,text ,,figures4     
,,page4   #a4 ,gr\ndplan ( ,dance ,lodge
                           #dda         
,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,ki[a ,,sun ,,dance4  
,! foll[+ notes 7 obta9$ f ,&res ,m>t9ez
 7,&ele1 a ,mexican captive ( ! ,ki[a ^:
 hi/ory#a is well kn[n7 9 ,augu/1 #aiai4
 ,att5tion 0 direct$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance to
 ! organization ( ! dance1 b a brief    
description ( ! :ole c]emony 0 also     
obta9$1 *iefly by way ( comm5ts on      
,scott's acc\nt4#b ,! la/ ,ki[a sun     
dance 0 held 9 #ahhg4c  ,! ,ki[a sun    
dance is ! pr]ogative ( ! individual :o 
owns ! sacr$ image1 ! tai'me4 ,he       
deputes ! ancill>y (fices :]e he sees   
fit1 al?\gh !re is a well-def9$ t5d5cy =

 !m to be h]$it>y4 ,! pr$om9ant idea (  
?is image is t ( a w> m$ic9e4 ,?us !    
dance is fundam5tally l t ( ! ,cr[1 b x 
diff]s f x 9 two important respects4    
,fir/1 ! ,ki[a rites clu/] ab\t only "o 
p>ticul> m$ic9e1 :]eas among ! ,cr[1 any
 "o ( a numb] ( m$ic9e dolls may be us$ 
9 ! c]emony4 ,! "q arises :e!r ! doz5   
m9or ,ki[a images1 :i* are sometimes    
br\ght into ! dance1 7 m rec5tly acquir$
 or con/ruct$ 9 ord] to reproduce !     
functions ( ! tai'me1 or :e!r "o m$ic9e 
doll has completely ov]%ad[$ all ! o!rs1
 z seem$ ab\t to happ5 among ! ,cr[4 ,! 
evid5ce favors ! fir/ view1 s9ce no     
rites1 o!r ?an ^? att5dant on any       
p]sonal m$ic9e1 are describ$1 or ev5    
intimat$1 = ! m9or images4 ,! second    
diff]5ce is1 t :ile ! ,cr[ %aman invokes
 8 m$ic9e = any "o :o appeals to him =  
aid1 act+ only 9 a directive capacity1 !
 ,ki[a tai'me own] is himself ! pr9cipal
 suppliant4 ,7 x n = ! h]$it>y bias 9 ! 
di/ribution ( c]emonial functions1 !    
,ki[a sun dance w\ld be ! pr]ogative (  

"o man z completely z t ( ! ,cr[ is1 :5 
! latt] is once "u way4 ,! h]$it>y      
pr9ciple does n appe> 9 ! milit>y       
societies except 9 ! own]%ip ( ! m$ic9e 
lance or arr[ 7ze'bo74#d  ,! ,ki[a sun  
dance 7k'o,,greek ,,small ,,lett]       
,,!tadun specifically ! "n = ! lodge7 0 
an annual tribal affair1 9 :i* !        
associat$ ,ki[a ,apa*e freely jo9$4#e ,x
 0 danc$ 9 an ef=t to obta9 mat]ial     
b5efits f1 or ?r\gh1 ! m$ic9e doll 9 !  
possession ( ! m$ic9eman1 :o is at !    
same "t director & pr9cipal p]=m]4      
,?is is a small image1 less ?an #b feet 
9 l5g?1 repres5t+ a     human figure    
dress$ 9 a robe ( :ite fea!rs1 ) a      
headdress     consi/+ ( a s+le upright  
fea!r & p5dants ( erm9e sk91     )      
num]\s /r&s ( blue beads ar\nd its neck1
 & pa9t$     ^u ! face1 brea/1 & back ) 
designs symbolic ( ! sun &     moon4    
,m>t9ez says ! face is entirely obscur$ 
by hang+     beads4 ,! image itself is (
 d>k-gre5 /one1 9 =m rudely     resembl+
 a human head & bu/1 probably %ap$ by   

art l !     /one feti%es ( ! ,pueblo    
tribes4 ,x is pres]v$ 9 a ra:ide     box
 9 *>ge ( ! h]$it>y keep]1 & is nev] "u 
any     circum/ances expos$ to view     
except at ! annual sun dance1 :5     x  
is fa/5$ to a %ort upright /ick plant$  
)9 ! m$ic9e     lodge1 ne> ! we/]n      
side4444 ,! anci5t tai'me image 0 (     
bucksk91 ) a /alk ( ,indian tobacco = a 
headdress4 ,?is     bucksk9 image 0 left
 9 ! m$ic9e lodge1 ) all ! o!r          
adornm5ts & sacrificial (f]+s1 at !     
close ( ea* c]emony4     ,! pres5t      
tai'me is "o ( ?ree1 two ( :i* came     
orig9ally     f ! ,cr[s1 ?r\gh an       
,arapaho :o m>ri$ into ! ,ki[a tribe1   
:ile ! ?ird came by capture f !         
,blackfeet4#f  ,! bundle conta9+ ! image
 is usually hung outside ( its keep]'s  
tipi4 ,x is n cu/om>y to expose ! image 
except at ! sun dance1 b tobacco is     
plac$ ) x f "t to "t4 ,its function     
outside ( ! dance is id5tical ) its use 
!re3 ^? :o ne$ its aid make v[s to x1   
:i* !y fulfil by sacrific+ horses1 etc41

 & mak+ sweatlodges4 ,! image is !      
prop]ty ( "o man1 or m prop]ly ( 8      
family1 s9ce x may be inh]it$ by 8 blood
 relatives4 ,if ! transf] is made be=e !
 fa!r's dea?1 paym5t & a sweatlodge mu/ 
be giv5 by ! son4#g ,aft] ,long ,foot   
di$ ab\t #ahgj1 z he _h no son1 x pass$ 
into ! possession ( ?ree ( 8 nephews 9  
succession1 & rev]t$ 9 #ahid to 8       
daught] :o /ill has x4#h ,:ile %e may   
h&le ! image1 %e w\ld n be p]mitt$ to   
ent] ! dance ) x4#i ,!re ! functions :i*
 w\ld normally devolve on h] w\ld be    
p]=m$ 9 _! entirety by a captive4 ,?is  
captive has be5 tra9$ to ! position 9   
ord] to take ! place ( ! image keep]    
%\ld he be sick4 ,a captive is *os5 = ! 
sub/itute s t a calamity incurr$ by a   
mis*ance 9 ! proce$+s may fall on him   
alone & n on ! ,ki[a4 ,! er/:ile        
sub/itute1 a ,mexican1 is /ill liv+4 ,! 
image keep]1 l 8 f\r associates1 mu/ n  
look 9 a mirror1 nor t\* a skunk or     
jackrabbit4 ,"o :o t\*es ^! animals _c  
ent] ! tipi :]e ! doll is h\s$ until f\r

 days h elaps$4 ,no dog is all[$ 9 ?is  
tipi1 nor is "o p]mitt$ to jump ov] !   
keep] or 8 f\r associates1 ! g4uolg4uat4
  ,!re are t5 or twelve m9or images     
7tailyuka7 :i* /rongly resemble ! tai'me
 9 function1 z !y are ess5tially w>     
m$ic9es4 ,mo/ ( !m 7 9 ! keep+ ( m5 o!r 
?an ! sacr$ doll own]1 b two 7 kept by  
him = a "t4#aj ,!y h little or no "p 9 !
 sun dance4      ,! ,gadombitsonhi1     
,old-woman-"u-!-gr\nd1 belong$ to !     
,k9ep b& ( ! ,ki[a4 ,x 0 a small image1 
less ?an a foot     high1 repres5t+ a   
woman ) fl[+ hair4 ,x 0 expos$ 9        
front ( ! tai'me at ! great sun-dance   
c]emony1 & by "s     unexpla9$ juggl]y !
 prie/ 9 *>ge ( x caus$ x to rise       
out ( ! gr\nd1 dance 9 ! sight ( ! p1 & 
!n aga9     s9k into ! e>?4#aa  ,! sun  
dance 0 normally an annual c]emony1 b   
sometimes a ye> pass$ )\t "o4 ,! dance 0
 !oretically dep5d5t on someone go+ to !
 keep] & say+1 ,i dream$ ( x 7i4e41 !   
sun dance71 or on ! keep] himself dream+
 ( x4 ,on two occasions a second dance 0

 held 9 ! dance lodge aft] ! keep] _h   
remov$ ! sacr$ doll at ! close ( ! fir/ 
dance1 because a second man _h also     
dream$ ( x4#ab ,aft] ! dream is ann\nc$ 
! keep] hangs ! image on 8 back & rides 
out to all ! camps1 ann\nc+1 z he       
circles !m1 t he w conduct ! c]emony !  
foll[+ spr+ 7,may or ,june74 ,?is       
ann\ncem5t 0 sometimes made imm$iately  
aft] ! close ( ! prec$+ dance1 b usually
 x came j be=e !y int5d$ to hold !      
dance4#ac ,! keep] fa/s :ile he is mak+ 
! ann\ncem5t1 ev5 if x takes ?ree days1 
z may happ5 :5 ! camps 7 scatt]$4 ,:5 !y
 "k ! dance is to be held1 o!rs v[ to   
dance = a specifi$ numb] ( days1 & all  
ga!r ne> ! dance gr\nd4 ,no "o may abs5t
 himself3 !y are all afraid ( 8 m$ic9e4 
,:5 ! tribe is assembl$1 ! keep] circles
 ! camp1 aga9 be>+ ! sacr$ doll on 8    
back4  ,two "y m5 are select$ by ! keep]
 f "o ( ! milit>y societies#ad to sc\t =
 a tree to s]ve z c5t] pole = ! dance   
lodge4 ,:ile se>*+1 !y mu/ refra9 f     
dr9k+4 ,ab\t ?is "t all ^? int5d+ to    

dance are build+ sweatlodges to purify  
!mselves3 ! keep] mu/ ent] ea* ( ^! to  
direct ! proce$+s2 ?is entails          
consid]able "w on him4 ,%\ld he be sick 
at ?is "t1 ! doll is c>ri$ into !       
sweatlodge by ! captive 9 8 /ead4 ,x is 
incumb5t on ! tai'me %ield own]s to     
accompany ?is captive & help him p]=m ! 
necess>y c]emonies4 ,:5 ! tree = ! c5t] 
pole has be5 select$1 ! :ole camp moves 
aft] ! keep] & 8 family to ! dance      
gr\nd4 ,a doz5 or m old m5 foll[        
imm$iately aft] him4 ,! ma9 body is     
gu>d$ front1 re>1 & bo? flanks by !     
milit>y societies1 z is cu/om>y :5 a    
camp moves4#ae ,! procession halts f\r  
times on its j\rney :ile ! keep] smokes 
& prays4 ,next1 ! soldi] societies *>ge 
on ! dance gr\nd1 or r on a pole erect$ 
!re be=e ! camp circle is e/abli%$1#af  
accord+ to ,me?v9 7p4 #fd71 b on ! newly
 e/abli%$ camp itself accord+ to        
,scott's in=mants 7p4 #ceg74  ,! next   
morn+ ! man :o has t privilege sets out 
) 8 wife to get ! hide ( a "y buffalo   

bull4 ,:5 su* a p]son dies1 ! keep]     
appo9ts "o ( 8 k9 to take 8 place4#ag ,!
 c\ple mu/ fa/ :ile on ?is hunt4 ,if !  
buffalo is kill$ ) a s+le arr[1 x is a  
favorable om51 if _m are ne$$1 !        
opposite is indicat$4 ,! buffalo mu/ be 
kill$ s t he falls on 8 belly ) 8 head  
t[>d ! ea/4 ,a broad /rip ( back sk91 ) 
! tail & head sk9 atta*$ is c>ri$ to !  
keep]'s tipi1 :]e fea!rs are ti$ to its 
head4#ah  ,! next morn+ !y set out to   
fet* ! c5t] pole4 ,scott describes a    
p>ade ar\nd ! camp circle by ! milit>y  
societies :i* !n proce$ to *>ge ! tree  
select$ = ! c5t] pole1 :i* is def5d$ 9  
%am combat by "o ( ! m5's societies#ai  
7akiaikto1 w> ) ! trees74 ,aft] ! *iefs 
h recit$ _! c\ps1 & pray]s h be5 said by
 ! sacr$ doll keep] & 8 wife1 :o h      
br\ght ! doll !re1 ! tree is *opp$ d[n  
by a captive ,mexican woman4 ,a captive 
is always select$ = ?is difficult task1 
s t any h>m due to an error on h] "p may
 n fall on a tribesman4 ,?is function is
 always p]=m$ by a ,mexican woman3 :5 %e

 dies1 ! keep] appo9ts h] successor4 ,z 
! tree falls1 !y %\t & %oot 9 ! air4 ,! 
pole is c>ri$ to ! dance gr\nd by a     
society designat$ by ! keep]1#bj :]e a  
hole to receive x has be5 dug by a m5's 
milit>y society4#ba ,! pole is set      
upright by a s+le m$ic9eman :o owns ?is 
privilege4 ,! buffalo hide is !n fa/5$  
across ! =ks ) its head to ! ea/ & (f]+s
 ( clo?1 etc41 br\ght by v>i\s          
individuals are ti$ to x4 ,9 #ahgc      
,battey obs]v$3--      ,! c5tral po/ is 
ornam5t$ ne> ! gr\nd ) ! robes (        
buffalo calves1 _! heads up1 z if 9 !   
act ( climb+ x2     ea* ( ! bran*es     
above ! =k is ornam5t$ 9 a simil>       
mann]1 ) ! addition ( %awls1 calico1    
sc>fs1 c41 &     cov]$ at ! top ) black 
musl94 ,atta*$ to ! =k is a     bundle (
 cottonwood & will[ limbs1 firmly b\nd  
toge!r1 &     cov]$ ) a buffalo robe1 ) 
head & horns1 s z to =m a     rude image
 ( a buffalo1 to :i* 7 hung /rips ( new 
calico1     musl91 /r\d+1 bo? blue &    
sc>let1 fea!rs1 %awls1 c41 (     v>i\s  

l5g?s & qualities4 ,! long] & m %[y     
articles     7 plac$ ne> ! ends4 ,?is   
image 0 s plac$ z to face !     ea/4#bb 
,! c5t] pole is n pa9t$4  ,aft] ! c5t]  
pole is 9 place1 ev]yone1 b especially !
 milit>y societies1 assi/s 9 build+ !   
enclos+ /ructure4 ,! lodge is l ^? ( !  
,arapaho & ,*ey5ne3 x is circul>1 !     
raft]s re/ on ! c5t] pole1 & ! cov]+ (  
b\ghs ext5ds a ?ird ( ! way to ! c5t] ( 
! ro(4 ,an entrance is left on ! ea/    
side4 ,a flat /one is plac$ "h s t e    
danc] pass+ ?r\gh mu/ set 8 foot on x4  
,wet s& is spread ov] ! gr\nd 9 ! dance 
lodge#bc & heap$ ar\nd ! base ( ! c5t]  
pole4 ,two little r\nd holes1 wall$ 9 ) 
mud1 are dug ne> ! re> ( ! lodge to hold
 inc5se smudges4 ,a scre5 ( cottonwood &
 c$> bran*es is con/ruct$ j nor? ( ^!4  
,?is bus9ess cont9u$ ?r\gh ! day1 except
 = an h\r or two     9 ! middle ( !     
aft]noon1 :5 ! old wom5#bd--!           
gr&mo!rs ( ! tribe--_h a dance4 ,! music
 consi/$ (     s++ & drumm+1 done by    
sev]al old wom51 :o 7 squatt$     on !  

gr\nd 9 a circle4 ,! danc]s--old1       
gray-head$ wom51 f     sixty to eighty  
ye>s ( age--p]=m$ 9 a circle ar\nd !m = 
"s "t1 f9ally /rik+ (f ^u a waddl+ run1 
"o beh9d     ano!r2 !y =m$ a circle1    
came back &1 d\bl+ s z to     br+ two   
toge!r1 ?rew _! arms ar\nd ea* o!r's    
necks1 &     trudg$ ar\nd = "s "t long]2
 !n sat d[n1 :ile a y\ngi%     man      
circulat$ ! pipe1 f :i* ea* 9 turn took 
two or ?ree     :iffs1 & ?is c]emony    
end$4#be      ,:5 ! dance lodge 0       
complet$ ! soldi]s ( ! tribe !n     _h a
 frolic 9 & ab\t x1 runn+ & jump+1 /rik+
 &     kick+1 ?r[+ "o ano!r d[n1 /ripp+ 
& te>+ !     clo!s (f ea* o!r4#bf444    
,be=e ?is frolic 0 ov]1 a p>ty     ( t5 
or twelve w>riors appe>$1 mov+ a k9d (  
%ield to &     fro be=e _! bodies1 mak+1
 9 "s mann] 7z ,i 0 n ne>     en\gh to  
see h[ x 0 done71 a grat+ s\nd1 n unlike
 !     fil+ ( a mill-saw4#bg      ,9 !  
aft]noon1 a p>ty ( a doz5 or m w>riors &
 braves     proce$$ to ! m$ic9e h\se1   
foll[$ by a l>ge proportion (     ! p ( 

! encampm5t4 ,!y 7 highly pa9t$1 & wore 
%irts only1 ) head-dresses ( fea!rs :i* 
ext5d$ d[n !     backs to ! gr\nd1 & 7  
kept 9 _! prop] places by means     ( an
 ornam5t$ /rap clasp+ ! wai/4 ,"s ( !m  
_h long     horns atta*$ to _!          
head-dresses4 ,!y 7 arm$ ) lances     & 
revolv]s1 & c>ry+ a c\ple ( long poles  
m\nt$ f end     to end ) fea!rs1 ! "o   
:ite & ! o!r black4 ,!y also     bore   
%ields highly ornam5t$ ) pa9t1 fea!rs1 &
 hair4      ,!y took _! /ation ^u ! side
 opposite ! entrance1 !     musicians   
/&+ beh9d !m4      ,_m old wom5 occupi$ 
a position to ! "r & ne> !     entrance1
 :o set up a tremul\s %riek+2 ! drums   
began to beat1     & ! dance began1 !   
p>ty above describ$ only p>ticipat+ 9   
x4      ,!y at fir/ sl[ly advanc$ t[>ds 
! c5tral po/1 foll[$ by     ! musicians 
sev]al ( :om c>ri$ a side ( raw hide    
7dri$71     :i* 0 beat5 ^u ) /icks1 mak+
 ab\t z mu* music z to     beat ^u !    
sole ( an old %oe1 :ile ! drums1 !      
voices (     ! wom51 & ! rattl+ (       

pebbles 9 in/rum5ts ( raw hide     fill$
 out ! *oir4      ,aft] sl[ly advanc+   
ne>ly to ! c5tral po/1 !y retir$        
backw>d1 aga9 advanc$1 a little f>!r ?an
 be=e2 ?is 0     repeat$ sev]al times1  
ea* "t advanc+ a little f>!r1 until     
!y cr[d$ ^u ! spectators1 drew _!       
revolv]s1 &     dis*>g$ !m into ! air4  
,soon aft]1 ! wom5 ru%$ =w>d ) a %riek+ 
yell1 ?rew     _! blankets viol5tly ^u !
 gr\nd1 at ! feet ( !     retir+ danc]s1
 snat*$ !m up ) ! same tremul\s %riek   
t _h be5 be=e produc$1 & retir$2 :i*    
clos$ ?is "p     ( ! ent]ta9m5t4 ,!     
ornam5t$ %ields us$ on ?is occasion     
7 aft]w>ds hung up ) ! m$ic9e4#bh  ,^!  
may be ! %ields :i* are associat$ ) !   
tai'me4 ,lat]1 aft] ! sacr$ doll has be5
 br\ght into ! lodge1 !y are ei!r hung )
 x on ! c$> scre5 z ,battey obs]v$1#bi  
or on /akes set up outside ! dance lodge
 to ! we/1 i4e41 beh9d ! image1 :]e     
,m>t9ez saw !m4 ,no (f]+s are made to !m
 !re4 ,x is incumb5t on a tai'me %ield  
own] to dance ) ! associates            

7g4uolg4uat7 9 e sun dance s long z he  
cont9ues to own ! %ield4 ,he is n       
consid]$ "o ( ! associates h[ev]4 ,%ield
 own]s always help ! image keep] :5 he  
asks _! aid4 ,!y mu/ also assi/ 8       
captive sub/itute :5 (ficiat+ 9 a       
sweatlodge4 ,a %ield own] _c sell 8     
%ield1 b he may give x to 8 son 9       
anticipation ( 8 dea?1 receiv+ pres5ts 9
 return4 ,o!rwise1 on ! dea? ( its own] 
! %ield is plac$ on 8 grave4 ,%\ld a son
 or nephew dream ( x1 he has ! "r to    
make a duplicate ) ! help ( ! doll own] 
9 ord] to keep x 9 ! family4 ,h[ev]1 if 
any o!r man dreams ( x & wants to make !
 duplicate1 he mu/ pay ! own]4#cj ,!    
%ield is usually hung outside ( its     
own]'s tipi4 ,! %ield own]s mu/ n eat   
buffalo he>ts1 or t\* a be>sk91 or h    
any?+ to d ) a be>4 ,l ! associates1 !y 
mu/ n smoke ) _! moccas9s on1#ca or     
kill1 or eat any k9d ( rabbit1 or kill  
or t\* a skunk4#cb ,^! %ields are us$   
only 9 w> z _! own]'s p]sonal m$ic9e3 no
 (f]+s are ev] made to !m4  ,late 9 !   

day1 a numb] ( m5 :o h v[$ to take "p 9 
! subsequ5t dance1 toge!r ) "o woman :o 
has ! privilege1#cc are g>b$ 9 buffalo  
robes to repres5t ! liv+ animals4 ,!y   
ga!r to ! ea/ ( ! lodge :]e !y simulate 
! actions ( a h]d ( buffalo4 ,a man1    
call$ a sc\t1 />ts f ! entrance ( !     
lodge ) a firebr& & circles ab\t ! h]d  
until he meets a second man1 m\nt$ &    
c>ry+ a %ield & a /raight pipe1 :o      
!reupon drives ! buffalo t[>d ! dance   
lodge1 :i* !y circle sev]al times be=e  
negotiat+ ! entrance4 ,once inside !y   
lie d[n2 ! man ) ! pipe dism\nts &      
ent]s4 ,pick+ up ! hairs on ! back (    
fir/ "o animal & ano!r1 he says1 ,?is is
 ! fatte/ animal4 ,he is our protector 9
 w>4 ,!n he recites a c\p4 ,?is         
designat$ 7or makes 87 a brave man ( t  
buffalo4#cd ,bo? ! man ) ! firebr& & he 
) ! pipe ought to be m$ic9em54 ,! pres5t
 incumb5t ( ! fir/ (fice also has !     
privilege ( erect+ ! c5t] pole4 ,:5 ^!  
m5 die1 ! sacr$ doll keep] selects      
successors f _! families4#ce  ,t ev5+   

aft] sunset ! dance prop] beg9s1 to la/ 
f\r nights & days1 end+ 9 ! ev5+4 ,!    
doll keep] proce$s to 8 own tipi1 :]e1 )
 ! assi/ance ( sev5 o!r m$ic9em5 7tai'me
 %ield keep]s & "s o!rs n o!rwise       
connect$ ) ! c]emony71 he unwraps !     
tai'me4 ,c>ry+ x on 8 back1 he walks to 
! dance lodge1 &1 completely circles x  
f\r times1 feign+ to ent] ea* "t he     
passes ! entrance4 ,aft] ent]+1 he goes 
ar\nd by ! s\? side to ! nor?we/        
quadrant1 :]e he plants ! image hang+ on
 a /aff4 ,=m]ly two or m ( ! m9or       
images1 tailyuka1 7 plac$ ) ! tai'me4   
,aft] ! image is 9 place ! danc]s ent]  
to p]=m = ! night4  ,! keep] dances     
?r\gh\t ! :ole f\r-day p]iod4 ,he is    
pa9t$ yell[1 ) a design repres5t+ ! sun1
 & sometimes ano!r = ! moon1 drawn on 8 
*e/ & back4 ,8 face 0 pa9t$1 l t ( !    
,taimay itself1 ) r$ & black zigzag l9es
 d[nw>d f ! eyes4 ,he we>s a yell[      
bucksk9 kilt1 a jackrabbit sk9 cap ) d[n
 atta*$1 & sage wri/lets4 ,he is        
b>efoot4 ,he c>ries a bun* ( c$> 9 8 h&1

 & an eagle bone :i/le f :i* an eagle   
fea!r is p5d5t4 ,battey obs]v$ t he 0   
pa9t$ :ite at ! buffalo-h]d+ rite1 & n  
pa9t$ at all 9 ! dance prop]4#cf        
,beside ! tai'me keep] !re are ?ree     
classes ( p]sons :o dance2 ! associates 
7g4uolg4uat71 ! tai'me %ield keep]s1 & !
 common danc]s4 ,! f\r associates       
7,scott's keep]'s assi/ants7 mu/ dance  
?r\gh\t ! :ole f\r day p]iod4 ,!y appe> 
9 f\r successive dances 7normally f\r   
ye>s71 aft] :i* !y *oose successors f   
among ^? "y m51 eighte5 to ?irty ye>s   
old1 :o h made ! be/ records 9 w>4 ,^!  
"y m51 ) ! assi/ance ( _! relatives1#cg 
pay horses & buffalo robes = !          
privilege1 receiv+ ! regalia 9          
return4#ch ,"o :o is *os5 _c refuse3 if 
he does1 he may expect a calamity4 ,!   
associate may belong to any ( ! milit>y 
societies4 ,8 (fice does n impose       
obligations ( foolh>d9ess 9 w> 7su* z ! 
no-flight idea71 b he is oblig$ to act !
 "p ( an intrepid w>rior1 because he    
enjoys security 9 battle4#ci ,!         

associate mu/ n look 9 a mirror le/ he  
become bl9d1#dj nor c he t\* a skunk or 
jackrabbit1 nor rema9 ne> a fire :]e    
someone is cook+4 ,dogs mu/ n be p]mitt$
 to jump ov] an associate4 ,he mu/      
remove 8 moccas9s be=e he smokes1 b o!rs
 may keep !irs on :5 smok+ 9 8 pres5ce4 
,! associate dances 9 ord] to live long 
& to be a great w>rior4 ,8 body is pa9t$
 :ite or yell[3 a r\nd spot repres5t+ ! 
sun is pa9t$ on ! middle ( 8 *e/1 ) a   
cresc5t moon 7! concavity upw>d7 on bo? 
sides ( ! sun1 & ! same decoration is   
repeat$ on 8 back4 ,! sk9 is cut away z 
a sacrifice & to make ^! designs p]man5t
 aft] 8 fir/ dance4 ,a scalp f a tai'me 
%ield hangs on 8 brea/ ) two eagle      
fea!rs2 ano!r on 8 back4 ,8 face is     
ornam5t$ ) a gre5 /ripe across ! =ehead1
 & ar\nd d[n ! sides ( ! *eeks1 to !    
corn]s ( ! m\?1 & meet+ on ! *94#da ,he 
we>s a yell[ bucksk9 kilt1 ) 8 bree*cl\t
 hung outside1 l ! ,arapaho & ,*ey5ne   
sun danc]s4 ,bun*es ( sage are /uck into
 8 belt1 o!rs ti$ ar\nd 8 wri/s &       

ankles1 & c>ri$ 9 ea* h&4 ,on 8 head is 
ei!r a cap ( jackrabbitsk9 9 :i* is /uck
 an eagle fea!r or a sage wrea? ) d[n   
atta*$4 ,he c>ries a bone :i/le4 ,l !   
sacr$ doll keep] & all o!r danc]s1 he is
 b>efoot4#db ,battey saw ?ree associates
 purify !mselves 9 ! inc5se f ! c5sors1 
& !n dance on piles ( sage4#dc  ,!      
tai'me %ield own]s1 :o dance ) !        
associates are sometimes pa9t$ yell[ or 
gre5 ) pictures ( ! sun & moon on _!    
bodies1 b o!rwise !y we> ! regalia ( !  
common danc]s4  ,! rank & file ( !      
danc]s are m51 nev] wom54 ,anyone may v[
 to dance a c]ta9 numb] ( days1 ) !     
object ( becom+ a bett] w>rior & liv+   
long4      ,!y believe t x w>d$ (f      
sickness1 caus$ happ9ess1     prosp]ity1
 _m *ildr51 success 9 w>1 & pl5ty (     
buffalo =     all ! p4 ,x 0 frequ5tly   
v[$ by p]sons 9 dang] f     sickness or 
! enemy4#dd  ,sometimes a m$ic9eman     
danc$ to int]c$e = a sick man4 ,a sick  
man :o _h v[$ to att5d ! dance 9 ord] to
 be cur$ w\ld be c>ri$ into ! dance     

lodge1 b he w\ld n dance4 ,^! danc]s    
make (f]+s to ! tai'me4 ,!y d n pay !   
doll keep] 9 ord] to ent] ! dance1 & !y 
h no rights 9 any subsequ5t p]=mance by 
reason ( hav+ once p>ticipat$4 ,l all   
o!r danc]s !y mu/ fa/ & g )\t wat] dur+ 
! p]iod t !y dance2 !y c h[ev]1 smoke1  
provid$ ! prop] rites are obs]v$4       
444 ,! pipe 0 fill$1 br\ght =w>d1 & laid
 ^u ! gr\nd2     ! p]son1 c>efully turn+
 ! /em t[>ds ! fire1 & b$d+     x 9 !   
s&1 s t ! b[l %\ld rema9 9 an upright   
position1 arose & /ood ) 8 back t[>ds x1
 or fac+ !     m$ic9e4 ,x 0 !n approa*$ 
by "o ( ! musicians1 :o1 9 a     squatt+
 position1 rais$ 8 h& rev]5tly t[>ds !  
sun1 !     m$ic9e1 ! top ( ! c5tral po/1
 or buffalo2 !n1 pass+ 8     h&s sl[ly  
ov] ! pipe1 took x up ) 8 left h&1 &    
tak+ a p9* f ! b[l ) ! ?umb & =e f+] ( !
     "r1 held x to ! sun1 ! m$ic9e1 !   
top ( ! c5tral     po/1 !n ! bottom1 &  
f9ally cov]$ x up 9 ! gr\nd4 ,he     !n 
proce$$ to light ! pipe1 bl[+ a :iff (  
smoke t[>ds     ! sev]al objects (      

adoration1 & plac$ x c>efully :]e he    
f\nd x1 9 rev]s$ ord]1 t is1 ) ! /em f !
 fire4     ,! p]son :o br\ght x _h /ood 
wait+ all ?is "t = x4 ,he     n[ took x 
up & retir$ to ! danc]s1 :o1 wrapp$ 9   
buffalo     robes1 7 wait+1 9 a squatt+ 
position1 to receive x4 ,!     s& :]e ! 
pipe _h la9 0 c>efully smoo!d by ! h&1 &
     all m>ks ( x :olly oblit]at$4#de   
,^! danc]s are pa9t$ :ite2 !y we> :ite  
bucksk9 kilts1 ) ! bree*cl\t outside1   
c>ry bone :i/les1 & are b>efoot4 ,!y h  
no headdress1 wri/ or ankle ornam5ts4   
,!y pa9t !mselves4#df ,!re is only "o   
/yle ( pa9t us$ by ei!r ! pr9cipal or ! 
common danc]s ?r\gh\t ! sun dance4  ,!  
danc]s =m a l9e on ! ea/ side ( ! lodge 
fac+ ! image4 ,_! /ep is t *>act]i/ic ( 
! sun dance ( o!r tribes3 !y /& 9 place1
 alt]nately b5d+ _! knees & ris+ on _!  
toes4 ,!y dance int]mitt5tly ?r\gh\t f\r
 days & nights2 ! common danc]s leave z 
! p]iods = :i* !y h v[$ to dance h      
elaps$ or :5 !y c no long] /& ! comb9$  
/ra9 ( fa/+1 ?ir/+1 & danc+4 ,m>t9ez    

left aft] ?ree days & nights4 ,! f\r    
days & nights :i* are specifi$ are 9    
reality only ?ree nights & days2        
evid5tly ! fir/ day ( prelim9>y danc+ is
 includ$ to fill out ! quota to ! magic 
f\r4 ,9 ,scott's acc\nt1 ! danc]s p]=m  
on ! fir/ day f ev5+ to ! middle ( !    
night1 & on ! succe$+ days f sunrise to 
! *orus's breakfa/1 n9e o'clock to d9n]1
 f\r 9 ! aft]noon to sund[n1 & f ev5+ to
 midnight1 end+ 9 ! ev5+ ( ! f\r? day4  
,! dance ,battey describes evid5tly     
began 9 ! ev5+ ( ! #ah? & cont9u$       
int]mitt5tly to late aft]noon ( ! #ba/4 
,app>5tly ! danc]s d n leave ! lodge    
dur+ ?is entire p]iod4      #ai? ,june1 
#ahgc4--,music & danc+ cont9u$ 9 !      
m$ic9e     h\se ?r\gh ! night4 ,at an   
e>ly h\r ?is morn+ ,i w5t     ?i!r )    
,c\guet1 & witness$ "o dance ?r\gh\t4 ,!
 gr\nd     inside ! enclosure _h be5    
c>efully cle>$ ( grass1 /icks1     &    
roots1 & cov]$1 sev]al in*es deep1 ) a  
clean1 :ite     s&4 ,a scre5 _h be5     
con/ruct$ on ! side opposite !          

entrance1 by /ick+ small cottonwoods &  
c$>s deep into !     gr\nd1 s z to      
pres]ve !m fre% z long z possible4 ,a   
space     0 left1 two or ?ree feet wide1
 betwe5 x & ! enclos+ wall1     9 :i* ! 
danc]s prep>$ !mselves = ! dance1 & 9   
front     ( :i* 0 ! m$ic9e4 ,?is consi/$
 ( an image1 ly+ on !     gr\nd1 b s    
conceal$ f view1 9 ! scre51 z to r5d]   
its     =m indi/+ui%able2 above x 0 a   
l>ge fan1 made ( eagle     quills1 an   
error1 ^! are cr[ fea!rs1 ) ! quill "p  
l5g!n$ out ne>ly a foot1 by ins]t+ a    
/ick into x1 &     secur+ x !re4 ,^! 7  
held 9 a spread =m by means ( a         
will[ rod1 or wire1 b5t 9 a circul> =m2 
above ?is 0 a mass     ( fea!rs1        
conceal+ an image1 on ea* side ( :i* 7  
sev]al     %ields1 highly decorat$ )    
fea!rs & pa9t4 ,v>i\s o!r               
p>aph]nalia ( hea!n wor%ip 7 susp5d$ 9 !
 scre51 among     ^! %ields or ov] !m1  
impossible = me to describe s z to      
be compreh5d$4 ,a m\nd _h also be5 ?r[n 
up ar\nd ! c5tral     po/ ( ! build+1   

two feet high1 & p]haps five feet 9     
diamet]4      ,! musicians1 :o1 if ,i   
mi/ake n1 are ! w> *iefs1 7     squatt$ 
on ! gr\nd1 9 true hea!n /yle1 to !     
left1 & ne>     ! entrance1 hav+ ,indian
 drums & rattles4 ,! music 0     s\nd+  
:5 we ent]$4      ,pres5tly ! danc]s    
came f beh9d ! scre52 _! faces1         
arms1 & ! upp] "p ( _! bodies 7 pa9t$   
:ite2 a s(t1     :ite bucksk9 skirt1    
secur$ ab\t ! lo9s1 desc5d$ ne>ly to    
! ankles1 :ile ! bree*-clo?1--blue on   
?is occasion1--hang+     to ! gr\nd1    
outside ! skirt1 bo? 9 front & beh9d1   
complet$ ! dress4 ,!y fac$ !            
m$ic9e--%all ,i say idols8 =     x 0    
conduct$ ) all ! solemnity (            
wor%ip1--jump+ up &     d[n 9 true "t ) 
! beat+ ( ! drums1 :ile a bone     :i/le
 9 _! m\?s1 ?r\gh :i* ! brea? escap$ z  
!y     jump$ ab\t1 & ! s++ ( ! wom51    
complet$ ! music4 ,!     danc]s cont9u$ 
to face ! m$ic9e1 ) arms /ret*$ upw>ds  
& t[>ds x1--_! eyes z x 7 rivet$ to x4  
,!y 7     app>5tly oblivi\s to all      

surr\nd+s1 except ! music & :at     0   
be=e !m4      ,aft] "s "t1 a middle-ag$ 
man1 pa9t$ z ! o!rs1 b     we>+ a       
buffalo robe1 issu$ f beh9d ! scre51    
fac+     ! entrance1 b hav+ 8 eyes fix$ 
^u ! sun1 ^u     :i* he /ood gaz+1 )\t  
w9k+ or mov+ a muscle1     = "s "t1 !n  
began sl[ly to incl9e 8 head f side     
to side1 z if to avoid "s ob/ruction 9 8
 view ( x1     sway+ 8 body slightly1   
!n1 /epp+ sl[ly f side to               
side--=w>d--backw>d--increas+ 8 motions1
 bo? 9 rapidity     & ext5t1 until 9    
appe>ance ne>ly frantic1 8 robes fell   
(f1     leav+ him--except 8 blue        
bree*cl\t--entirely nak$4 ,9 ?is        
condition he jump$ & ran ab\t !         
enclosure1--head1 arms1     & legs all  
equally p>ticipat+ 9 ! viol5ce ( 8      
ge/ures1--e jo9t ( 8 body app>5tly      
loos5$1 8 eyes     only fix$4 ,i wond]$ 
h[1 ) e jo9t app>5tly dislocat$1     & e
 muscul> fibre relax$1 he c\ld ma9ta9 ! 
upright     position4      ,?us he      
cont9u$ to ex]cise )\t ceas+1 or once   

remov+ 8     eyes f ! sun1 until ! sweat
 ran d[n 9 great roll+ drops1     wa%+ !
 :ite pa9t into /reaks no m ornam5tal   
?an !     orig9al pa9t+1 & he 0 at l5g? 
compell$ to retire1 f     m]e exhau/ion1
 ! o!r danc]s /ill cont9u+ _! ex]cises4 
,pres5tly ano!r man ! tai'me keep] ent]$
 f beh9d !     scre51 we>+ an ,indian   
fur cap & a blue bree*clo? rea*+ to     
! gr\nd4 ,he 0 unpa9t$1 & _h a human    
scalp fa/5$ to 8     scalplock1 ! s(t1  
fl[+ hair ( :i*1 spread+ out ^u 8       
nak$ back1 bore mute te/imony to !      
tragical dea? ( "s     un=tunate :ite   
woman4 ,?is man1 ) a k9d ( half runn+   
jump1     /ill 9 /ep ) ! music1 w5t     
ar\nd all ! danc]s1 :o did     n notice 
him1 ) "o arm /ret*$ out ov] 8 heads1   
fir/ 9     "o direction1 !n ! o!r1 turn+
 8 c\rse at e "t1     aft] /opp+ 9 front
 ( ! m$ic9e1 & mak+ "s     indescribable
 motions be=e x4 ,he sometimes p>t$ !   
fea!rs     conceal+ ! small image1      
appe>+ to exam9e x m9utely1 z if        
se>*+ = some?+1 & sometimes putt+ 8 lips

 to x1 z if     9 ! act ( kiss+ x4 ,he  
takes "s m$ic9e root into 8     m\?1    
*ews x & bl[s x on ! danc]s4#dg ,at     
l5g?1 aft]     repeat$ exam9ations1 he1 
app>5tly = ! fir/ "t1 discov]$     !    
fan1 & took hold ( x hesitat+ly1 & z if 
afraid4      ,?is 0 loos$ f its fa/5+s  
by a h& beh9d ! scre51 &     he sl[ly   
rais$ x up1 look+ int5tly at x1 :ile !  
expression     ( 8 c\nt5ance indicat$ a 
fe>fulness ( ! result ( h&l+     an     
object ^: hidd5 & my/]i\s p[]s 7 s f>   
beyond 8     compreh5sion4 ,he held x up
 be=e ! m$ic9e1 wav$ x up &     d[n1 & f
 side to side1 !n1 turn+ r\nd s z to    
face !     danc]s & spectators1 wav$ x f
 side to side ne> ! gr\nd1     once     
ar\nd ! danc]s2 !n1 rais+ x above 8     
head1 he wav$     x 9 ! same mann]1     
p]=m+ ano!r circle ar\nd ! danc]s4      
,!n1 ) ge/ures ( /rik+1 & a c\nt5ance   
sc[l+ z )     fi]ce rage1 he began to   
*ase !m ar\nd & ar\nd ! r+1     i4e41   
ar\nd ! c5t] pole f left to "r4 ,f9ally1
 gett+     "o ( !m sep>at$ f ! re/1 he  

pursu$ him ) ! mo/     fi5d-l attitude1 
fi]cely /rik+ at him ) 8 fan4 ,!        
pursu$ "o fl$ f him ) a c\nt5ance       
expressive ( almo/     dea?-l t]ror1    
until1 aft] sev]al r\nds1 he /umbl$ &   
fell     heavily to ! gr\nd4 ,ano!r &   
ano!r 7 ?us sep>at$ f     ! danc]s1     
pursu$1 & fell be=e ! my/ical p[] ( !   
fan1     & ! act clos$4#dh  ,!          
fea!r-kill+ 7/ai5kial1 he runs aft] !m )
 fea!rs7 occurs e day 9 ! late =5oon4#di
 ,! associates z well z ! o!r danc]s1   
are fann$ into unconsci\sness4#ej ,9 su*
 a condition !y w\ld try to get visions3
 !y w\ld rise1 call = a pipe1 & ann\nce 
:at !y _h se54#ea      ,be+ call$ to a  
c\ncil ( ! w> *iefs1 ,i w5t no m to !   
m$ic9e h\se to-day1 ?\gh ! music & danc+
 cont9u$ !     :ole "t1 by day & by     
night1 ) %ort int]vals betwe5 !         
diff]5t acts1 to give opportunity = re/1
 arrang+ dress1     pa9t+1 & su* o!r    
*anges z ! programme ( ! c]emony        
dem&$4      #bj?4--,saw b "o dance      
to-day4 ,q a quantity ( goods1 su*     z

 blankets1 /r\d+ 7blue & sc>let         
li/-clo?71 calico1     %awls1 sc>fs1 &  
o!r ,indian w>es1 _h be5 c>ri$ into !   
m$ic9e h\se previ\s to my entrance4 ,!  
danc]s _h be5 pa9t$     :ite1 ?ree ( !m 
! g4uolg4uat ornam5t$ ) a gre5     /ripe
 across ! =ehead1 & ar\nd d[n ! sides ( 
! *eeks1     to ! corn] ( ! m\?1 & meet+
 on ! *94 ,a r\nd gre5     spot 0 pa9t$ 
on ! back & brea/1 ab\t ?ree in*es 9    
diamet]1 :ile on ei!r side ( x1 &       
some:at elevat$ above     x1 0 a cresc5t
 ( ! same size & color4 ,two small1     
holl[     m\nds ( s& & clay _h be5 made 
be=e ! m$ic9e1 9 :i*     fire 0 plac$1 &
 kept j suffici5tly burn+1 ) !          
p>tially dri$ cottonwood leaves1 c$>    
twigs1 & probably     tobacco1 to       
produce a smoke4 ,a small fire 0 burn+  
ne> !     musicians1 = light+ pipes1    
tight5+ drums1 c4      ,:5 all 0 ready1 
! ?ree "y m51 :o 7 pa9t$ z     describ$1
 7 l$1 ea* by a man clad 9 a buffalo    
robe possibly     ! =m] g4uolg4uat :o 7 
transf]r+ _! privileges1     ne> to !   

smok+ m\nds 9 front ( ! m$ic9e4 ,an     
ornam5t$     fur cap 01 ) "s c]emony1   
plac$ ^u ! head ( "o (     !m2 wisps (  
gre5 wild wormwood 7 fa/5$ to ! wri/s & 
ankles1 :i* be+ done1 he rev]5tly rais$ 
8 h&s above 8     head1 lean+ =w>d ov]  
"o ( ! m\nds1 br\ght !m d[n     ne>ly to
 x2 !n1 /raight5+ up1 pass$ 8 h&s ov] 8 
face     & /rok$ 8 brea/4 ,?is 0 repeat$
 sev]al times2 !n1 aft]     hold+ "o    
foot1 & ! o!r1 ov] ! m\nd1 z if to w>m  
!m1     two or ?ree times1 he w5t ar\nd 
! c5tral po/1 & back to !     o!r m\nd1 
:]e ! same c]emony 0 repeat$4 ,dur+ ?is 
:ole     c]emony ,i c\ld p]ceive t 8    
lips mov$1 ?\gh he utt]$     no?+4 ,i   
aft]w>ds le>n$ t x 0 9 pray] to ?is     
effect3     ,may ?is m$ic9e r5d] me     
brave 9 w>1 pro( aga9/ ! weapons     (  
my enemies1 /rong 9 ! *ase1 wise 9      
c\ncil2 &1 f9ally1     may x pres]ve me 
to a good age1 & may ,i at la/ die 9    
peace     among my own p4 ,! o!rs1 "o at
 a "t1 7 simil>ly     br\ght =w>d1 & w5t
 ?r\gh ) ! same c]emony4 ,?ree          

bun*es ( wild wormwood 7 !n plac$ on !  
gr\nd 9 a r[1     cross+ ! l9e (        
entrance1 & betwe5 x & ! c5tral po/1    
^u :i* ! ?ree "y m5 7 plac$ by _!       
att5dants1 :o     /ood beh9d !m1 ) _!   
h&s ^u _! %\ld]s1 ! music     play+ all 
! "t4 ,two or ?ree m5 !n approa*$ ! pile
 (     goods1 select$ !refrom "s plaid  
%awls1 /r\d+1 blankets1     sc>fs1 & an 
umbrella1 & hung !m ov] ! m$ic9e2 ?is   
be+     done1 ! six m5 began to         
dance1--! ?ree =emo/ ones ^u !          
wormwood1 ) _! arms /ret*$ t[>ds !      
m$ic9e1 ! ?ree     o!rs ) _! h&s /ill   
re/+ ^u ! %\ld]s ( !     =m]4 ,aft] "s  
"t ! latt] retir$2 ! o!r danc]s came    
f beh9d ! scre51 & jo9$ 9 ! dance1 :i*  
cont9u$     until !y 7 driv5 (f by !    
m$ic9e *ief1 z describ$ 9     ye/]day's 
dance4 ,all ^! c]emonies _h a sacr$     
significance1     :i* ,i did n und]/&1 b
 h be5 in=m$ t !y believe     any       
article ( we>+ app>el1 or ( h>ness = _! 
horses1 hung     up by ! m$ic9e dur+ ^! 
c]emonies1 receives a *>m$ p[]     to   

protect _! we>]s f disease1 or !        
assaults ( _!     enemies1 dur+ ! ye>4  
#ba/4--,at "o ( ! dances to-day1 all b  
"o retir$ beh9d !     scre51 :o cont9u$ 
to dance by himself = a long "t4 ,v>i\s 
articles 7 br\ght =w>d1 & laid ^u !     
gr\nd1 :i* he     took up & hung 9      
proximity to ! m$ic9e4 ,aft] along "t1 !
     o!r danc]s reappe>$1 & he retir$2  
^! cont9u$ _!     ex]cises1 until driv5 
(f z be=e4 ,! la/ dance diff]$ f     !  
prec$+ 9 ?is3 ! la/ man select$ &       
sep>at$ f !     o!rs by ! m$ic9e *ief to
 be driv5 (f1 ?\gh he ran f     him1 did
 n appe> t]rifi$1 & w\ld n fall d[n1 b  
retir$1     ) ! m$ic9e *ief1 beh9d !    
scre54      ,at "o ( ! dances to-day1   
five human scalps 7 exhibit$1--"o       
atta*$ to ea* ( ! "r wri/s ( two m51 &  
"o to ea*     wri/ ( ano!r1 besides ! "o
 worn atta*$ to ! scalp lock (     !    
m$ic9e *ief4 ,two ( ^! scalps 7 f !     
heads (     ,indians4 ,!y _h all be5    
tann$1 & evid5tly belong$ ) !     m$ic9e
 fixtures4      ,! :ole c]emony clos$   

ab\t f\r o'clock 9 ! aft]noon4 ,!       
m$ic9e 0 pack$ away by ! m$ic9e *ief1 & 
! sev]al     articles :i* _h be5 hung   
ab\t x--m$icat$1 ,i suppose1 or1 9      
o!r words1 sanctifi$ by proximity to !  
sacr$ ?+s dur+     ! c]emonies1 &       
consequ5tly hav+ p[] to protect _!      
possessors f evil--7 re/or$ to ! prop]  
own]s4 ,!y !n     pack$ !m1 took !m ^u  
_! backs1 =m$ into a procession1     &  
m>*$1 to ! music ( ! drums1 ar\nd & out 
( !     m$ic9e h\se1 :5ce e "o took !   
direction ( 8 or h]     own lodge1 & !  
c]emonies ( ! great m$ic9e 7 end$4#eb   
,at ! end ( ! c]emony1 ! image keep]    
*ews up "s m$ic9e root & prep>es a dr9k1
 ( :i* ! danc]s are p]mitt$ to imbibe a 
little4#ec  ,aft] ! image has be5       
remov$1 old clo?+ is hung on ! c5t] pole
 z a sacrifice4 ,once ,m>t9ez saw a     
horse ti$ to ! c5t] pole z a sacrifice  
to ! sun4 ,x rema9$ !re until x />v$ to 
dea?4 ,horses 7 also pa9t$ & plac$1     
toge!r ) blankets & simil> valuables1 on
 high hills z sacrifices4 ,o!rs beside !

 associates sacrific$ _! fle% to ! sun  
at ?is "t1 or 9 fact1 :5ev] !y want$ to1
 z ,m>t9ez has done4 ,! ,ki[a nev]      
susp5d$ _! danc]s1 z 9 ! self-torture   
dance ( o!r tribes1 nei!r 9 ! sun dance1
 nor :5 an individual s\ght a vision    
:ile fa/+ alone 9 ! m\nta9s4  ,! night !
 dance closes ev]yone jo9s 9 a hil>i\s  
"t 9 ! dance lodge4 ,next morn+ ! camp  
circle breaks up1 & ! w>riors soon g (f 
to w>4#ed ,!y d n mole/ ! dance lodge1  
?\gh o!r tribes pass+ t way may d s3 !  
,ki[a d n c>e4     ,,am]ican ,,museum   
,,( ,,natural ,,hi/ory  ,publications 9 
,an?ropology   ,9 #aijf ! pres5t s]ies (
 ,an?ropological ,pap]s 0 au?oriz$ by ! 
,tru/ees ( ! ,museum to record ! results
 ( rese>* conduct$ by ! ,dep>tm5t (     
,an?ropology4 ,! s]ies comprises octavo 
volumes ( ab\t #cej pages ea*1 issu$ 9  
p>ts at irregul> int]vals4 ,previ\s to  
#aijf articles devot$ to an?ropological 
subjects appe>$ z occasional pap]s 9 !  
,bullet9 & also 9 ! ,memoir s]ies ( !   
,museum4 ,a complete li/ ( ^!           

publications ) prices w be furni%$ :5   
reque/$4 ,all communications %\ld be    
address$ to ! ,libr>ian ( ! ,museum4  ,!
 rec5t issues are z foll[s3--   ,volume 
,,xv4  ,i4 ,pueblo ,ru9s ( ! ,gali/eo   
,bas91 ,new ,mexico4 ,by ,n4,c4 ,nelson4
 ,pp4 #a-abd1 ,plates #a-d1 #ac text    
figures1 #a map1 & #g plans4 #aiad4     
,price1 4#ge4  ,,ii4 7,9 prep>ation47   
,volume ,,xvi4  ,i4 ,! ,sun ,dance ( !  
,cr[ ,indians4 ,by ,rob]t ,h4 ,l[ie4    
,pp4 #a-ej1 & #aa text figures4 #aiae4  
,price1 4#ej4  ,,ii4 ,! ,sun ,dance &   
,o!r ,c]emonies ( ! ,oglala ,division ( 
! ,teton-,dakota4 ,by ,j4 ,r4 ,walk]4   
,pp4 #ea-bba4 #aiag4 ,price1 #a4ej4     
,,iii4 ,! ,sun ,dance ( ! ,blackfoot    
,indians4 ,by ,cl>k ,wissl]4 ,pp4       
#bbc-bgj1 & #a text figure4 #aiah4      
,price1 4#ej4  ,,iv4 ,notes on ! ,sun   
,dance ( ! ,s>si4 ,by ,pl9y ,e>le       
,godd>d4 ,pp4 #bga-bhb4 ,! ,sun ,dance (
 ! ,pla9s-,cree4 ,by ,alanson ,sk9n]4   
,pp4 #bhc-bic4 ,notes on ! ,sun ,dance (
 ! ,cree 9 ,alb]ta4 ,by ,pl9y ,e>le     

,godd>d4 ,pp4 #bie-caj1 & #c text       
figures4 ,! ,sun ,dance ( !             
,pla9s-,ojibway4 ,by ,alanson ,sk9n]4   
,pp4 #caa-cae4 ,! ,sun ,dance ( !       
,canadian ,dakota4 ,by ,w4 ,d4 ,wallis4 
,pp4 #cag-chj4 ,notes on ! ,sun ,dance (
 ! ,sisseton ,dakota4 ,by ,alanson      
,sk9n]4 ,pp4 #cha-che4 #aiai4 ,price1   
#a4ej4  ,v4 ,! ,sun ,dance ( ! ,w9d     
,riv] ,%o%oni & ,ute4 ,by ,rob]t ,h4    
,l[ie4 ,pp4 #chg-daj1 & #d text figures4
 ,! ,hidatsa ,sun ,dance4 ,by ,rob]t ,h4
 ,l[ie4 ,pp4 #daa-dca4 #aiai4 ,price1   
4#ej4  ,,vi4 ,notes on ! ,ki[a ,sun     
,dance4 ,by ,leslie ,spi]4 ,pp4         
#dcc-dej1 & #a text figure4 #aiba4      
,price1 4#be4  ,,vii4 ,! ,sun ,dance ( !
 ,pla9s ,indians3 ,its ,developm5t &    
,diffusion4 ,by ,leslie ,spi]4 ,pp4     
#dea-ebg1 & #a text figure4 #aiba4      
,price1 #a4jj4   ,volume ,,xix4  ,i4 ,! 
,:ale ,h\se ( ! ,*ilkat4 ,by ,george ,t4
 ,emmons4 ,pp4 #a-cc4 ,plates ,i-,,iv1 &
 #f text figures4 #aiaf4 ,price1 #a4jj4 
,,ii4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,philipp9e           

,civilization z ,reflect$ 9 ,religi\s   
,nom5clature4 ,by ,a4 ,l4 ,kroeb]4 ,pp4 
#ce-fg4 #aiah4 ,price1 4#be4  ,,iii4    
,k9%ip 9 ! ,philipp9es4 ,by ,a4 ,l4     
,kroeb]4 ,pp4 #fi-hd4 ,price1 4#be4     
,,iv4 ,notes on ,c]emonialism at        
,laguna4 ,by ,elsie ,clews ,p>sons4 ,pp4
 #he-aca1 & #ba text figures4 #aibj4    
,price 4#ej4  ,v4 7,9 press47   ,volume 
,,xx4  ,i4 ,tales ( ,yukaghir1 ,lamut1 &
 ,russianiz$ ,natives ( ,ea/]n ,sib]ia4 
,by ,waldem> ,bogoras4 ,pp4 #a-adh4     
#aiah4 ,price1 #a4ej4  ,,ii4 7,9        
prep>ation47   ,volume ,,xxi4  ,i4      
,notes on ! ,social ,organization &     
,cu/oms ( ! ,m&an1 ,hidatsa1 & ,cr[     
,indians4 ,by ,rob]t ,h4 ,l[ie4 ,pp4    
#a-ii4 #aiag4 ,price1 #a4jj4  ,,ii4 ,!  
,tobacco ,society ( ! ,cr[ ,indians4 ,by
 ,rob]t ,h4 ,l[ie4 ,pp4 #aja-bjj1 & #ac 
text figures4 #aibj4 ,price1 #a4be4     
,,iii4 7,9 prep>ation47   ,volume       
,,xxii4  ,i4 ,contributions to !        
,ar*aeology ( ,mammo? ,cave & ,vic9ity1 
,k5tucky4 ,by ,n4 ,c4 ,nelson4 ,pp4     

#a-gc1 & #ah text figures4 #aiag4       
,price1 4#ge4  ,,ii4 ,*ronology 9       
,florida4 ,by ,n4 ,c4 ,nelson4 ,pp4     
#ge-ajc1 & #g text figures4 #aiah4      
,price1 4#be4  ,,iii4 ,ar*aeology ( !   
,pol> ,eskimo4 ,by ,cl>k ,wissl]4 ,pp4  
#aje-aff1 #cc text figures1 & #a map4   
#aiah4 ,price1 4#ej4  ,,iv4 ,! ,tr5ton  
,argillite ,culture4 ,by ,leslie ,spi]4 
,pp4 #afg-bbf1 & #aa text figures4      
#aiah4 ,price1 4#ej4  ,v4 7,9           
prep>ation47   ,volume ,,xxiii4  ,i4    
,racial ,types 9 ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s4   
,by ,l\is ,r4 ,sullivan1 ,pp4 #a-fa1 #f 
text figures1 & #b maps4 #aiah4 ,price1 
4#ge4  ,,ii4 ,! ,evid5ce ,af=d$ by !    
,boskop ,skull ( a ,new ,species (      
,primitive ,man 7,homo cap5sis74 ,by ,r1
 ,broom4 ,pp4 #cc-gi1 & #e text figures4
 #aiah4 ,price1 4#be4  ,,iii4           
,an?ropometry ( ! ,si\an ,tribes4 ,by   
,l\is ,r4 ,sullivan4 ,pp4 #ha-agd1 #g   
text figures1 & #gd tables4 #aibj4      
,price1 #a4be4  ,,iv4 7,9 press47       
,volume ,,xxiv4  ,i4 ,my?s & ,tales f ! 

,san ,c>los ,apa*e4 ,by ,pl9y ,e>le     
,godd>d4 ,pp4 #a-hf4 #aiah4 ,price1     
4#ge4  ,,ii4 ,my?s & ,tales f ! ,:ite   
,m\nta9 ,apa*e4 ,by ,pl9y ,e>le ,godd>d4
 ,pp4 #hg-aci4 #aiai4 ,price1 4#ej4     
,,iii4 ,san ,c>los ,apa*e ,texts4 ,by   
,pl9y ,e>le ,godd>d4 ,pp4 #ada-cfg4     
#aiai4 ,price1 #b4ej4  ,,iv4 ,:ite      
,m\nta9 ,apa*e ,texts4 ,by ,pl9y ,e>le  
,godd>d4 ,pp4 #cfi-ebg4 #aibj4 ,price   
#b4jj4   ,volume ,,xxv4  ,i4 ,my?s &    
,traditions ( ! ,cr[ ,indians4 ,by      
,rob]t ,h4 ,l[ie4 ,pp4 #a-cjh4 #aiah4   
,price1 #c4jj4  ,,ii4 7,9 prep>ation47  
,volume ,,xxvi4  ,i4 ,! ,aztec ,ru94 ,by
 ,e>l ,h4 ,morris4 ,pp4 #a-ajh1 & #gc   
text figures4 #aiai4 ,price1 #a4jj4     
,,ii4 7,9 press47   ,volume ,,xxvii4    
,i4 ,pueblo ,bonito4 ,by ,george ,h4    
,pepp]4 ,pp4 #a-dij4 ,plates ,i-,,xii1 &
 #aee text figures4 #aibj4 ,price #c4ej4
     ,,footnotes3   #a ,me?v91 ,j4 ,j41 
,&ele1 or ,! ,mexican-,ki[a ,captive4 ,a
 ,/ory ( ,real ,life among ! ,indians   
7,l\isville1 ,k5tucky1 #ahii74  #b      

,scott1 ,hugh ,l5ox1 ,notes on ! ,kado1 
or ,sun ,dance ( ! ,ki[a 7,am]ican      
,an?ropologi/1 ,n4 ,s41 vol4 #ac1 pp4   
#cde-cgi1 #aiaa74 ,! phonetic sy/em us$ 
9 ! pres5t pap] is t ( ! ,phonetic      
,transcription ( ,indian ,languages     
7,smi?sonian ,miscellane\s ,collections1
 vol4 #ff1 no4 #f1 #aiaf71 #b-g4  #c    
,mooney1 ,james1 ,cal5d> ,hi/ory ( !    
,ki[a ,indians 7,sev5te5? ,annual       
,report1 ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology1  
"p #a1 pp4 #abi-dde1 ,wa%+ton1 #aiaa71  
#che4  #d ,l[ie1 ,r4 ,h41 ,societies ( !
 ,ki[a 7?is s]ies1 vol4 #aa71 #hdg2     
,mooney1 #cbe1 #cch4  #e ,mooney1 #bec1 
/ates ! contr>y4  #f ,mooney1 #bdj2     
,plate ,,lxix %[s a model 7see ,scott1  
#cdi74  #g ,?is c\pl+ ( pur*ase )       
inh]itance is /rictly comp>able to !    
,hidatsa bundle 7?is volume1 #daf-dag74 
#h ,scott1 #cfi1 #cgc4  #i ,if ?is is m 
?an a g5]al taboo aga9/ wom5 h&l+ sacr$ 
objects1 x has its p>allel 9 a simil>   
,cr[ bias 7?is volume1 #ac74  #aj       
,mooney1 #bda1 #cbc1 #cbd4  #aa ,mooney1

 #bci4  #ab ,mooney1 #bgi1 #cdc4  #ac   
,l[ie1 #hdb4  #ad ,l[ie1 #hdc4  #ae     
,comp>e1 ,battey1 ,?omas ,c41 ,! ,life &
 ,adv5tures ( a ,quak] among ! ,indians 
7,bo/on1 #ahgf7 #ahe4  #af ,! ,s\!rn    
,*ey5ne also *>ge & c\nt c\p on "s /icks
 m>k+ ! site ( ! dance lodge 7,g4 ,a4   
,dorsey1 ,*ey5ne ,sun ,dance74  #ag ,cf4
 #hc1 #aji4 ,mooney1 #cdi4  #ah ,scott1 
#ceh-cfj1 #cfe4 ,9 ?is acc\nt ! hide is 
tak5 into a sweatlodge at ?is juncture4 
#ai ,foot-soldi]s1 ,scott1 #cfj-cfa4    
#bj ,l[ie1 #hdc4  #ba ,n by a woman's   
society z ,scott's in=mant /ates 7#cfa74
  #bb ,battey1 #agj4  #bc ,by ! old wom5
 soldi]s accord+ to ,scott 7#cfa71 b    
,m>t9ez in=ms me t1 ) ! exception ( !   
dance describ$ by ,battey1 ! two wom5's 
societies h no significant "p 9 ! sun   
dance4  #bd ,! ,old ,woman society      
7,l[ie1 #hej74  #be ,battey1 #afh4  #bf 
,cf4 ,l[ie1 #hdc4  #bg ,battey1 #afi4   
#bh ,battey1 #agj-agb4 ,w> s++ gwudanke1
 0 cu/om>y be=e an exp$ition set out =  
w> 7,l[ie1 #hej74  #bi ,scott1 ,pl4     

,,xxv4  #cj ,evid5tly a %ield ( ?is type
 0 made by ,konate1 :o 0 in/ruct$ to d s
 by ! tai'me :i* appe>$ to him z he lay 
w\nd$ 7,mooney1 #cjd74  #ca ,lewis notes
 ?is cu/om = ! ,%o%oni1 & ,l[ie = _!    
m$ic9em5 :5 treat+ ! sick 7,l[ie1       
,nor!rn ,%o%one1 #bac-bad74 ,! ,cr[ d n 
smoke :]e _! moccas9s are hung up1      
accord+ to ,maximilian1 7,reise 9 das   
inn]e ,nord-,am]ica 9 d5 ,jahr5 #ahcb   
bis #ahcd ,cobl5z1 #ahda1 ,i1 #djj74    
#cb ,scott1 #cgc4  #cc ,scott1 #cfb4    
#cd ,m>t9ez puts ?is p]=mance aft] !    
image has be5 br\ght into ! dance lodge3
 ?is does n seem correct4  #ce ,battey  
has ! keep] signal to ! h]d ) a firebr&4
 ,nei!r ,battey nor ,scott m5tion a     
m\nt$ h]d]2 ! =m] puts ! pipe 9 ! h&s ( 
! keep]1 & ! latt] 9 ^? ( a ?ird man :o 
rema9s 9 ! dance lodge1 b 9 ,scott's    
acc\nt also ! function ( ! pipe is to   
=ce ! buffalo to ent] ! lodge4 ,9       
,battey's acc\nt two m5 assi/ ! keep] 9 
designat+ w>riors1 & 9 ,scott's ?ree m5 
) /raight pipes d x4 7,battey1 #agb-agc2

 ,scott1 #cfb-cfd74  #cf ,battey1 #agc1 
#agf2 ,scott1 #cea-ceb1 #cfg1 ,pl4      
,,xxii2 ,me?v91 #ff1 notes t 8 feet are 
pa9t$ black ) sage wrea?s ab\t 8 ankles4
  #cg ,l[ie1 #hdc4  #ch ,m>t9ez1 9      
,me?v9's acc\nt1 7#ga71 /ates t ! paym5t
 is made 9 f\r successive ye>s4  #ci    
,me?v91 #ga2 ,scott1 #ceb1 /ates t ^! m5
 direct$ ! sun dance z sub/itutes = !   
keep] & did ! c]emonial pa9t+1 b ?is is 
contr>y to my in=mation4  #dj ,comp>e   
,mooney1 #bif4  #da ,battey1 #agh4  #db 
,comp>e ,scott1 #ceb1 #cfh1 ,pls4       
,,xviii1 ,,xxii2 ,me?v91 #gj-ga4  #dc   
,battey1 #agh-agi4  #dd ,scott1 #cdg4   
#de ,battey1 #aha-ahb4  #df ,mooney1    
#cjb1 notes t "o ( ^! individuals c>ri$ 
8 p]sonal m$ic9e 9 ! dance4  #dg ,me?v91
 #ff2 ,scott1 #cff4  #dh ,battey1       
#agc-agg4  #di ,once1 n ?ree times a day
 z ,scott /ates 7#cff74  #ej ,scott1    
#cff1 places rav5 fans 9 h&s ( !        
associates4  #ea ,9 ! gho/ dance a %aman
 hypnotizes ! danc]s by wav+ a fea!r or 
sc>f be=e _! faces4 ,! subject /agg]s   

into ! r+ & falls 7,mooney1 ,gho/ dance1
 #ibe-ibf74 ,?is p]=mance may n be      
relat$ to t ( ! ,ki[a1 s9ce x appe>$    
among ! ,si\x be=e ! s\!rn ,pla9s tribes
 took up ! gho/ dance4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !  
,paiute1 f :om ! gho/ dance 0 d]iv$1 did
 n hypnotize4  #eb ,battey1 #agg-aha4   
#ec ,scott1 #cfe1 #cfg4  #ed ,mooney1   
,ki[a ,cal5d> ,hi/ory1 #bhb1 #big1 #cjd1
 #cba1 #cbb4 ,ano!r sugge/ive simil>ity 
to ! ,cr[ is ! assumption ( no-flight   
obligations 9 bo? tribes at ! sun dance 
7,ibid41 #bhd1 #bhg1 #cbj74             
,transcrib]'s note3 ,on page #ddc1 '! !'
 *ang$ to '!' 7,once inside !y lie d[n2 
! man ) ! pipe 4447