,,an?ropological ,,pap]s ,,( ,,!        
,,am]ican ,,museum ,,( ,,natural        
,,hi/ory  ,,vol4 ,,xix1 ,,"p ,i  ,,!    
,,:ale ,,h\se ,,( ,,! ,,*ilkat   ,,by   
,,george ,t4 ,,emmons  ,lieut5ant ,u4,s4
 ,navy   ,,new ,,york ,,publi%$ ,,by    
,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,tru/ees #aiaf          
,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! fir/ "p ( !     
,publications 9 ,an?ropology has be5    
mov$ to ! end ( ?is text & m]g$ ) ! la/ 
"p ( t li/4     ,,! ,,:ale ,,h\se ,,(   
,,! ,,*ilkat4  ,,by ,,george ,t4        
,,emmons4  ,lieut5ant ,u4,s4 ,navy4     
,,preface4   ,! mat]ial "h pres5t$ has  
be5 ga!r$ f ! mo/ reliable native s\rces
 ?r\gh\t a p]iod ( tw5ty-five ye>s (    
intimate p]sonal acqua9tance &          
association ) ! ,tl+it1 & treats ( _!   
pa/1 be=e ! exodus f _! old villages to 
! m9+ camps & salmon cann]ies ( ! :ite  
man s r$uc$ _! numb]s t communal life 9 
! l>ge old h\ses1 ^u :i* _! social      
cu/oms & practices dep5d$1 0 r5d]$      
impossible1 & ! se$ ( a new life 0 s[n4 
,i fir/ visit$ ! ,*ilkat 9 #ahhb1 :5    

little influ5c$ by our civilization4 ,!y
 7 a comp>atively primitive p1 liv+ "u  
_! own well-e/abli%$ code ( laws1       
subsi/+ on ! natural products ( !       
c\ntry1 clo!d 9 sk9s1 furs1 & trade     
blankets1 practis+ ance/or wor%ip 9 _!  
elaborate c]emonial1 cremat+ ! dead1    
dom9at$ by ! sup]/itions ( wit*craft & !
 practice ( %amanism1 pr\d1 va91        
s5sitive1 b )al1 a heal?y1 hone/1       
indep5d5t race1 & fri5dly :5 fairly met4
  ,_! villages !n repres5t$ ! be/       
traditions ( ! pa/ 9 bo? ar*itecture &  
ornam5tation4 ,! h\ses ( heavy hewn     
timb]s1 split f ! giant spruces1 7      
=tresses ( def5se1 ) n>r[ doorways =    
entrance & ! smoke hole 9 ! ro( = light 
& v5tilation4  ,b today ?is is all      
*ang$4 ,! old h\ses h disappe>$1 ! old  
cu/oms are =gott51 ! old p are fa/      
pass+1 & ) ! education ( ! *ildr5 & !   
gradual loss ( ! native tongue1 !re w be
 no?+ left to connect !m ) ! pa/4 ,s on 
behalf ( native hi/ory & my deep int]e/ 
9 ! p1 ,i (f] ?is pap]1 describ+ 9      

accurate detail "o ( ! la/ relics ( _!  
culture4 ,_h ! ,*ilkat be5 able to "w   
/one in/ead ( wood1 _! c\ntry w\ld n[ be
 ! ar*aeological wond] ( ! ,pacific     
,coa/4  ,! illu/rations 9 color are f   
sket*es made ^u ! gr\nd & are reasonably
 accurate bo? z to =m & color4 ,= _!    
f9al =m ,i am indebt$ to ,mr4 ,s4       
,i*ikawa4 ,to ,w9t] & ,pond ,i am "u    
obligations = p]mission to use !        
photograph ( ! two ,*ilkat *iefs4       
,,george ,t4 ,,emmons4  ,pr9ceton1 ,new 
,j]sey1 ,april1 #aiaf4     ,,cont5ts4   
,,page4  ,,preface                      
#c  ,,introduction                      
#i  ,,! ,,old ,,:ale ,,h\se             
#ah  ,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,h\se ,,po/s     
#be     ,,gonakatate-,,g>s              
#be     ,,duck-,,toolh-,,g>s            
#bf     ,,yehlh-,,g>s                   
#bh     ,,tluke-,,ass-,a-,,g>s          
#bi  ,,objects ,,associat$ ,,) ,,!      
,,h\se                             #cj  
,,! ,,pres5t ,,:ale ,,h\se              
#cc   ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4         

,,plates4  #a4 ,decorative ,figure on   
,edge ( ,h\se ,plat=m4  #b4 ,c>v$ &     
pa9t$ ,scre5 ov] ! ,front ( ! ,*ief's   
,private ,ap>tm5t at ,re> ( ! ,h\se4    
#c4 ,c>v$ ,po/s inside ! ,entrance to ! 
,h\se1 ,gonakatate-,g>s &               
,duck-,toolh-,g>s1 respectively4  #d4   
,c>v$ ,po/s flank+ ,scre5 9 ,plate #b1  
,yehlh-,g>s & ,tluke-ass-a-,g>s1        
respectively4   ,,text ,,figures4  #a4  
,c\dahwot & ,yehlh-,g\hu1 ,*iefs ( !    
,con-nuh-ta-di      #g  #b4 ,an ,old    
,h\se1 ,kluckwan                        
#aa  #c4 ,con-nuh-ta-di ,grave ,h\ses1  
,kluckwan                       #ab  #d4
 ,! ,:ale ,h\se ( ! ,*ilkat             
#ai  #e4 ,gr\ndplan ( ! ,:ale ,h\se     
#ba  #f4 ,wood-worm ,di%1 z se5 9 !     
,h\se                       #cb         
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,c\dahwot &     
,yehlh-g\hu1 ,*iefs ( ! ,con-nuh-ta-di4 
,photograph copyright$ by ,w9t] & ,pond4
     ,,introduction4   ,^u ! discov]y ( 
! ,nor?we/ ,coa/ ( ,am]ica1 ! ,tl+it 7  
f\nd 9 possession ( ,s\!a/]n ,alaska )  

possibly ! exception ( ! s\!rnmo/       
portion ( ,pr9ce ( ,wales ,isl&1 :i* _h 
be5 wre/$ f !m by invad+ ,haida f       
,masset on ! ,que5 ,*>lotte ,isl&s1 dur+
 ! latt] half ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,f ! 
te/imony ( ! e>ly explor]s1 ?is         
occupation seems to h be5 ( suffici5t   
age to h develop$ a racial type1 speak+ 
! same tongue1 ackn[l$g+ e/abli%$ laws1 
& b\nd by l conv5tions4 ,:at k we c ga!r
 ( _! orig9 & e>ly life f _! family     
traditions1 songs1 & geographical names1
 al?\gh fragm5t>y & vague1 consi/5tly   
tells ( a uni=m nor?w>d migration by    
wat]1 along ! coa/ & ?r\gh ! inl&       
*annels f ! ,tsim%ian p59sula & ,pr9ce (
 ,wales ,isl&1 :i* 0 con/antly augm5t$  
by p>ties ( ,int]ior p desc5d+ ! great] 
riv]s to ! sea4  ,an indef9ite belief 9 
an e>li] coa/ population is curr5t among
 ! old] p1 & 9 confirmation ( ?is1 !y   
ref] to "s family songs & local names   
/ill us$ b n und]/ood4 ,z ! ,tl+it are  
unque/ionably a mix$ race1 ?is aborig9al
 elem5t mu/ h be5 absorb$ & contribut$  

its racial *>act]i/ics to ! evolution ( 
! pres5t race4  ,! social organization (
 ! ,tl+it is f\nd$ on matri>*y & is     
dep5d5t ^u two exogamic p>ties1 ! memb]s
 ( :i* int]m>ry & supplem5t ea* o!r ^u !
 _m c]emonial occasions t m>k _!        
int]c\rse4 ,! "o claim+ ! ,rav5 cre/ is 
kn[n p>ticul>ly among ! nor!rn ,tl+it z 
,kl>-de-n>1 "o p>ty1 ! o!r1 m g5]ally   
repres5t$ by ! ,wolf emblem has sev]al  
names1 local 9 "*1 ref]r+ to old liv+   
places1 z ,%5-ku-ka-de1 belong+ to ,%5k1
 ,sit-ka-de1 belong+ to ,sit1 said to   
ref] to ! sep>ation ( ! p aft] ! flood  
:5 ?is bran* settl$ at ,sit1 ,gee-ya-de1
 etc4 ,outside ( ^! !re is "o family    
claim+ ! ,eagle cre/ t has no phratral  
/&+1 ! memb]s ( :i*1 z /rang]s1 m>ry    
indiscrim9ately 9 ei!r division1 b 9 all
 cases ! *ildr5 belong to ! "m's clan4  
,! two p>ties are subdivid$ into        
fifty-six exi/+ consangu9eal families or
 clans1 & ! names ( "s o!r's n[ ext9ct  
are rememb]$4 ,ea* ( ^!1 :ile reta9+ its
 phratral functions & privileges1 is    

absolutely indep5d5t 9 gov]nm5t1        
succession1 inh]itance1 & t]ritory1 &   
besides ! phratral cre/ common to all1  
assumes o!rs t are fully z prom95t & (t5
 m 9 evid5ce4 ,)9 ! family !re is a     
well-def9$ ari/ocracy :olly dep5d5t ^u  
bir?1 f :i* ! *iefs are *os51 an        
int]m$iate class consi/+ ( ^? :o h =c$  
!mselves to ! front1 ?r\gh weal?1 "*1 or
 arti/ic ability1 & ! poor] p4 ,9 e>li] 
days !re 7 _m slaves :o _h no recogniz$ 
rights4  ,geographically consid]$1 !re  
are sixte5 tribal divisions kn[n z      
kwans1 a contraction ( ka 7man7 & an    
7l&-liv$ on or claim$74 ,^! are purely  
accid5tal aggregations1 ) little        
cohesion1 a gr\p+ ( "o or m families (  
ea* phratry ?r\gh migratory meet+ or    
cont9ual int]m>riage1 t live toge!r 9   
fix$ villages = mutual protection &     
social advantages1 b recognize no tribal
 head or au?ority1 ea* family be+ a unit
 9 itself4 ,v (t5 ! bitt]e/ feuds exi/$ 
betwe5 families )9 ! tribe & ( ! same   
phratry1 al?\gh if attack$ by a /rang] p

 all w\ld unite = mutual protection4  ,(
 ^! sev]al tribes ! ,*ilkat-kwan has be5
 ! mo/ prom95t s9ce our acqua9tance )   
,alaska4 ,! relative importance ( a     
primitive p measur$ by an abundant food 
supply1 natural res\rces & geographic   
position z to favorable trade conditions
 0 fully satisfi$ 9 _! case4 ,9 _!      
c\ntry ab\t ! head ( ,lynn ,canal1 ) its
 two riv] sy/ems fl[+ f lakes1 ! spawn+ 
b$s ( c\ntless salmon furni%$ a         
nutriti\s & limitless /aple food :i* 0  
augm5t$ by v>i\s o!r sea fi% & seal 9 ! 
inlets2 be>1 goat1 & small] mammals on !
 l&2 & exhau/less b]ry pat*es on !      
m\nta9 sides4 ,_! comm&+ position at !  
head ( ! inl& *annels controll+ ! m\nta9
 passes to ! int]ior1 gave !m ! monopoly
 ( ! fur trade ( ! upp] ,yukon ,valley1 
& ! plac] copp] fields ( ! ,:ite ,riv]  
region4 ,^! products1 unkn[n to ! coa/al
 area1 7 economically important 9       
primitive days1 & aft] ! adv5t (        
,europeans ! increas$ dem& = furs1 & _! 
great] value1 made ?is trade ev5 m      

lucrative4 ,t !y fully realiz$ its value
 is demon/rat$ by _! det]m9ation to     
reta9 control ( x1 = :5 ! ,hudson's ,bay
 ,company e/abli%$ ! factory ( ,=t      
,selkirk at ! m\? ( ! ,pelly ,riv] 9    
#aheb1 a w> p>ty "u ! celebrat$ ,*ief   
,*>tri*1 trail$ 9 "s ?ree hundr$ miles1 
surpris$1 captur$1 & burn$ ! po/1 & w>n$
 ! occupants aga9/ any fur!r encroa*m5t 
^u _! e/abli%$ zone ( trade1 & !y       
cont9u$ to enjoy ^! rights until !      
discov]y ( ! ,klondike gold fields1 :5 !
 influx ( :ites ov]-ran ! c\ntry &      
de/roy$ _! indu/ries4  ,! e>lie/ m5tion 
( ?is p occurs 9 a report ( ! ,russian  
,pilot ,ismail( :o1 :5 visit+ ,yakutat 9
 #aghh1 notes ! pres5ce ( a l>ge body ( 
,*ilkat4 ,9 #agid a boat exp$ition f    
,vanc\v]'s vessels1 :ile explor+ ! head 
( ,lynn ,canal1 met ) a ho/ile reception
 f a consid]able numb] ( natives & only 
av]t$ tr\ble by a ha/y retreat4         
,lieut5ant ,:itby1 ! comm&] ( ! p>ty1 0 
told ( eight *iefs ( great consequ5ce :o
 _h _! homes on & ab\t ! ,*ilkat ,riv]1 

indicat+ an ext5sive population4        
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,an ,old ,h\se1 
,kluckwan4  ,"u ! ,russian regime1      
beyond ! m]e claim ( sov]eignty1 no     
jurisdiction 0 ex]cis$ ov] ?is p except 
! di/ribution ( national flags &        
,imp]ial m$als4 ,all trad+ 0 gu>d$ly    
c>ri$ on f ! decks ( arm$ vessels1 &    
long aft] ! ,am]ican occupation !y 7    
p]mitt$ to live unmole/$1 until _!      
c\ntry became ! highway ( travel to !   
int]ior4  ,! ,tl+it 7 a canoe p & might 
be t]m$ semi-nomadic1 z !y 7 on _! hunt+
 gr\nds 9 ! e>ly spr+ & late fall1 :ile 
! summ] season 0 sp5t 9 ! fi%+ camps by 
! salmon /reams1 b not)/&+ ^! long      
abs5ces !y built sub/antial villages    
:]e1 except = social activities1 !y sp5t
 ! w9t] 9 comp>ative idl5ess4           
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,con-nuh-ta-di  
,grave ,h\ses1 ,kluckwan4  ,z !y look$  
to ! sea = _! pr9cipal food supply1 _!  
villages 7 directly on ! %ore j above ! 
high wat] m>k1 9 %elt]$ coves :]e !y    
c\ld l& & laun* _! canoes 9 any wea!r & 

at any /age ( ! tide4 ,b ! ,*ilkat1     
diff]+ f all ( ! o!r ,tl+it1 liv$ j     
beyond ! op5 wat]1 9 a r re/rict$       
t]ritory1 on riv]s t 7 v]itable         
/oreh\ses ( food1 br++ _! abundance (   
fi% life to _! v doors1 & s p]mitt+ !m  
to rema9 at home ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 except  
:5 on _! trad+ trips to ! int]ior1 :i*  
gave _! habitations a m p]man5t "*1 &   
contribut$ to ! unity ( communal life4  
,( ! f\r pr9cipal old villages1 all (   
:i* h surviv$ ! ravages ( con/ant /rife 
& ! /ill m deadly by-products (         
civilization--liquor &                  
disease--,kluckwan 7"m t[n7 has always  
held ! fir/ place 9 size1 weal?1 & ! "* 
( its p4 ,x reta9$ its supremacy long   
aft] ! l>g] ( ! m s\!rn coa/ villages _h
 gone to decay1 z its m int]ior &       
isolat$ position & ! indep5d5t &        
aggressive reputation ( its population  
kept :ite trad]s at a di/ance4 ,!       
discov]y ( gold ne> ,juneau & !         
e/abli%m5t ( ! sev]al salmon cann]ies at
 ! m\? ( ! riv] drew away its p1 &      

communal life 9 ! l>ge old h\ses1 t 0   
dep5d5t ^u ! unit$ ef=ts ( ! :ole       
h\sehold 0 made impossible by ! abs5ce (
 _m1 & ! want ( coop]ation ( o!rs :o    
elect$ to live by !mselves4 ,) !        
introduction ( s*ools & ! ef=ts (       
mission>ies to break up ! old cu/oms1 ! 
village has und]gone a complete *ange & 
! old h\ses h disappe>$ or h be5        
mod]niz$4  ,! village lies at ! edge ( a
 gradual slope on ! nor? bank ( !       
,*ilkat1 tw5ty miles f its m\?1 :]e !   
swift curr5t conc5trat$ 9 a s+le *annel 
=ms a /rong eddy t p]mits ! l&+ ( canoes
 at any /age ( ! riv]4 ,! h\ses 9 a s+le
 & d\ble r[ foll[ ! tr5d ( ! %ore =     
upw>ds ( ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile1 b f>     
en\gh back to all[ = ! smoke h\ses1 fi% 
dry+ frames1 & canoe %elt]s1 & 9 ! re>  
are ! grave h\ses 7,fig4 #c7 & ! n[     
disus$ cremation gr\nds /rewn ) *>r$    
logs & p>tly burnt fun]al pyres4 ,j     
beyond ! village at ei!r end1 9 !       
cottonwood groves1 hidd5 9 ! und]bru% & 
cov]$ ) moss1 are ! crumbl+ rema9s ( !  

%aman's dead h\ses1 gu>d$ by elaborately
 c>v$ _s figures & decay$ canoes4  ,!   
h\ses ( ea* ( ! f\r resid5t totemic     
families are gr\p$ ab\t t ( ! *ief =    
mutual protection1 giv+ ! appe>ance (   
?ree sep>ate villages1 z ! two c5trally 
locat$ families ?r\gh increase ( numb]s1
 h be5 br\ght into clos] union4 ,9 ea*  
gr\p ! h\ses ( ! ari/ocracy & ^? ( !    
poor] classes are ( l con/ruction1      
diff]+ h[ev] 9 size1 /r5g? ( mat]ial1   
int]ior appo9tm5ts1 & ornam5tation4  ,( 
! five totemic families t =m !          
,*ilkat-kwan1 n includ+ a six?          
subdivision1 f\r are resid5t "h1 :ile   
individuals ( ! o!rs ?r\gh int]m>riage  
are scatt]$ ?r\gh ! village b )\t h\se  
/&+4 ,! traditions ( all ( ^! speak ( a 
migration f ! s\!rn bord] nor?w>d ?r\gh 
! inl& *annels4  ,! ,wolf phratry is    
repres5t$ by ?ree families3 !           
,kagwantan1 ,tuck-e/e-n>1 &             
,duck-cl>-way-di4 ,! fir/ two are       
closely relat$ & claim to be (f%oots ( a
 p>5t /ock & to h migrat$ nor? f ! coa/ 

betwe5 ! m\?s ( ! ,nass & ! ,ske5a riv]s
 & 9 e>li] times !y liv$ inl& on ^!     
riv]s4 ,! la/-nam$ is unque/ionably (   
int]ior orig9 & x is possible t all ?ree
 are ( l ance/ry4  ,! sole repres5tative
 ( ! ,rav5 p>ty is ! ,kon-nuh-ta-di )   
:i* ?is pap] deals4 ,_! leg5d>y hi/ory1 
s imag9>y & int]e/+1 is closely         
associat$ ) ! w&]+s & antics ( ,yehlh1 !
 ,rav5 creator1 :ile ! e>lie/ family    
traditions are c5t]$ ab\t ! s\? & we/   
coa/ ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales & contigu\s    
isl&s4 ,!re is a hazy belief 9 ! m9ds ( 
! old] p1 h&$ d[n ?r\gh g5]ations1 t 9 !
 e>lie/ days !re came to ^! %ores f     
seaw>d1 a p ( unkn[n orig9 :o l&$ & liv$
 on ,dall ,isl&1 & lat] spread along !  
s\!rn coa/ ( ,pr9ce ( ,wales ,isl&4 ,!  
desc5dants ( "o ( ! two orig9al wom51   
repres5t$ z si/]s1 lat] cross$ ,dixon   
,entrance & peopl$ ! ,que5 ,*>lotte     
,isl&s1 f\nd+ ! ,haida1 :ile ^? :o      
rema9$1 unit+ ) migratory b&s f !       
,int]ior 7 ! prog5itors ( ! ,tl+it4  ,! 
?ree pr9cipal families =m+ ! ,tanta-kwan

 t liv$ !reab\ts 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1   
until expell$ by ! ,haida invasion f    
,masset1 & !n cross$ ov] to ! ma9l& :]e 
!y are /ill f\nd1 are ! ,ta-qway-di1    
,kik-sat-di1 & ,kon-nuh-hut-di1 all (   
:i* h =m$ factors ( great importance 9  
peopl+ ! coa/ ( ,alaska z f> nor? z     
,comptroll] ,bay1 & are /ill repres5t$ 9
 all ( ! m important ,tl+it tribes4 ,!  
tribal "n ,tanta1 0 tak5 f _! c\ntry1 ! 
,pr9ce ( ,wales ,isl&1 ,tan1 ,sealion s 
nam$ f ! abundance ( ?is animal on !    
seaw>d coa/4 ,! ,kon-nuh-hut-di are said
 to h remov$1 at "s e>ly day1 to ,port  
,/ew>t )9 ! ma9l& entrance ( ,beam      
,canal1 :i* !y call$ ,con-nuh1 7safe1   
%elt]$7 & f :i* !y d]iv$ _! family "n 7p
 (1 or belong+ to1 ,con-huh71 b f9d+ !  
climate m sev]e ?an t ( ! isl&s1 & ) no 
comp5sat+ advantages ( food1 !y return$ 
to _! =m] home4 ,a slight v>iation ( !  
"n ,kon-nuh-ta-di :i* is n acc\nt$ =1   
di/+ui%es ! ,*ilkat & m nor!rn bran*es (
 ! family f ! ,tanta & ,taku4 ,ano!r "n 
seldom us$1 b v pret5ti\s & tribal 9 "*1

 is ,%uck-ka-kwan highe/ or fir/-man    
tribe or ,%uck-ka-kon-nuh-ta-di1 claim+ 
sup]iority ?r\gh a relation%ip ) ,yehlh1
 9 ref]5ce to 8 /ruggle ) ,gun-nook1 !  
sup]natural keep] ( fre% wat]1 :5 9 8   
ef=ts to escape ?r\gh ! smoke hole ( !  
h\se ) :at he _h /ol5 he 0 caught & held
 fa/ until he 0 smok$ black4  ,at a v   
e>ly p]iod !y mu/ h liv$ on ! c5tral we/
 coa/ ( ,pr9ce ( ,wales ,isl&1 ne>      
,klawak1 9 a village or c\ntry call$    
,tuck-anee outside t[n :]e ! p 7 kn[n   
locally z ,tuckanadi outside t[n p z !  
sc5e ( "o ( _! pr9cipal h]o tales is    
laid h]eab\ts 7! /ruggle ( ,duck-toolh )
 ! sealions7 :i* x is claim$ 0 ! cause (
 "o ( ! nor?w>d migrations ( a body ( ! 
family4 ,x 0 c]ta9ly aft] ?is happ5+1 & 
possibly connect$ ) x1 t a consid]able  
p>ty sep>at$ & travel$ nor? ?r\gh ! inl&
 *annels to ! head ( tidewat]1 & !n up !
 ,*ilkat ,riv] until !y rea*$ ! site (  
,kluckwan :]e !y f9ally settl$ & h ev]  
s9ce rema9$4 ,?is movem5t mu/ date back 
_m ye>s1 = ! ,russian ,pilot ,ismail(1 z

 previ\sly not$1 9 visit+ ,yakutat 9    
#ahhh met a *ief ,ilk-hak ) a l>ge =ce (
 "o hundr$ w>riors :o _h j\rney$ up !   
coa/ f _! w9t] home on ! ,*ilkat ,riv]  
to trade4  ,ilk-hak or ,yehlh-kok ,rav5 
fragrance or smell is an h]$it>y "n     
belong+ /rictly to ! ,kon-nuh-ta-di     
family 7& z a co9cid5ce x happ5s to be t
 ( ! pres5t *ief to :om ,i am indebt$ = 
c]ta9 in=mation h]e9 conta9$71 & to h   
ext5d$ _! comm]cial activities to su* a 
di/ance & ) su* a num]\s ret9ue w\ld    
bespeak a consid]able age & settl$ /ate 
9 _! new home4  ,o!r migrations nor?w>d 
are kn[n to h occurr$ at lat] p]iods2   
,"o p>ty foll[+ ! outside coa/ settl$ 9 
a bay above ,cape ,sp5c] :]e mu* glacial
 ice collect$ & !y took ! "n ,tih-ka-di 
7p ( or belong+ to ! iceb]gs7 b ( ^!    
none rema94  ,ano!r body1 tak+ a m      
ea/]ly c\rse among ! isl&s1 /opp$ at    
,*yeek on ! ,*a?am ,/raits %ore (       
,admiralty ,isl& ) ! ,hootz-ah-t>-kwan1 
b tr\ble ) ! ,da%eton clan arose ov] a  
woman & !y remov$ 9 a body to ,/ev5s    

,passage & jo9$ ! ,taku-kwan ( :i* !y =m
 an integral "p today "u ! orig9al "n   
,kon-nuh-hut-di4  ,9 ! latt] portion ( !
 eighte5? c5tury1 ! ,tanta-kwan includ+ 
?is family1 0 driv5 out ( ! s\!rn       
portion ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales ,isl& by !  
,haida & cross+ ,cl>5ce ,/raits settl$  
on ,annette & adjac5t isl&s4 ,_!        
pr9cipal village 0 ,t>k-an-ee 7w9t] t[n7
 at ,port ,*e/] :]e ,new ,metlakatla n[ 
/&s1 & 0 a v l>ge settlem5t1 a totem    
pole village1 z ! decay$ rema9s %[$     
?irty ye>s ago4 ,9 w> ) ! ,/ickhe51 ?is 
village 0 de/roy$ & also a lat] "o      
across ! isl&1 ,*ake-an-ee 7,?imble b]ry
 t[n7 at ,port ,tamgass1 :5 !y cross$ to
 ,cat ,isl& & !n to ! ma9l& & made a la/
 /& at ,tongass :]e !y rema9$ until !   
f\nd+ ( ,saxman & ,ket*ikan4  ,none (   
?is family is f\nd today on ,pr9ce (    
,wales ,isl&1 _! orig9al home4 ,!       
pr9cipal bran* lives at ,*ilkat :]e !y h
 always be5 accord$ ! highe/ place ) !  
,ka-gwan-tan1 ) :om !y h s int]m>ri$    
?r\gh g5]ations1 t x (t5 happ5s t !     

*iefs ( ea* family are fa!r & son4  ,!  
p]sonal names m frequ5tly ref] to !     
,rav51 _! mo/ honor$ cre/1 z !y claim to
 be ! fir/ family ( ?is phratry1 & x is 
! m conspicu\sly display$ on ! totemic  
headdress & c]emonial p>aph]nalia4 ,!y  
claim & use a great _m o!r emblems z !  
:ale1 frog1 wood-worm1 silv] salmon1    
hawk1 owl1 moon1 />fi%1 & 9 _! h\se     
c>v+s & pa9t+ !y illu/rate ! h]o de$s & 
conque/s ( _! ance/ors 9 _! e>ly        
/ruggles ) my?ical animals & sup]natural
 be+s4  ,facial pa9t+ play$ an important
 role 9 ,tl+it life4 ,! sev]al pigm5ts  
diff]5tly appli$ 9 v>i\s *>act]s dep5d$ 
^u ! purpose & ! occasion4 ,z a         
protection aga9/ sn[bl9dness1 ! gl>e ( !
 sun%9e on ! wat]1 ! bite ( insects & z 
a cosmetic to pres]ve & :it5 !          
complexion1 a hemlock fungus 0 *>r$1    
p[d]$1 & appli$ to ! face1 :i* _h       
previ\sly be5 cov]$ ) a mixture ( melt$ 
suet & spruce gum1 to :i* x adh]$ &     
h>d5$1 =m+ a r$-black cov]+ imp]vi\s to 
wat]4  ,= m\rn+ & ang] ! face 0 black5$ 

) *>coal4  ,:5 on w> p>ties1 ! pa9t+ 0 9
 r$ or black or bo?1 9 fanciful & hide\s
 *>act]s1 b if sudd5ly surpris$1 !y w\ld
 grab a piece ( *>coal f ! fire & rub x 
ov] ! face to disguise _! p]sonality &  
hide any expression ( fe>4  ,! mo/      
elaborate pa9t+ 0 us$ 9 ! w9t]          
c]emonials & dances4 ,! designs 7 almo/ 
entirely totemic 9 "* ev5 :5 improvis$ =
 ! occasion & app>5tly expressionless4  
,!y 7 ei!r geometric & symbolic 9       
figure1 or repres5t$ ! animal =m 9      
pr(ile or "s *>act]i/ic feature :i*     
di/+ui%$ x4 ,9 ! latt] case ! figure 0  
/amp$ on ! *eek or =ehead ) a wood die4 
,! primitive colors 7 black1 f p[d]$    
*>coal1 & r$1 f pulv]iz$ o*]1 b aft] !  
adv5t ( ,europeans1 v]milion ( comm]ce  
took ! place ( ! dull] m9]al r$4 ,yell[1
 :ite1 & gre5i% blue 7 occasionally us$1
 m p>ticul>ly by ! s\!rn tribes1 b      
seldom1 if ev]1 by ! ,*ilkat4  ,! mo/   
important pa9t+ ( ! face 0 t ( ! dead :5
 plac$ 9 /ate await+ cremation1 & ?is   
repres5t$ ! cre/ ( ! phratry r ?an "o ( 

! assum$ emblems ( ! family or          
subdivisions4 ,mo/ all ( ! ,rav5 p>ty1  
c]ta9ly all ( ! old] & m important      
families1 & p>ticul>ly ! ,kon-nuh-ta-di 
us$ ,yehlh-?lu\1 ,rav5's nose1 9 ! =m ( 
an isosceles triangle1 9 black1 ! apex  
at ! bridge ( ! nose1 ! sides enclos+ ! 
nose & m\?1 ! base ext5d+ across ! *94  
,?is pa9t+ seems to h be5 ! "r ( all ( !
 ,rav5 families & 0 almo/ univ]sally us$
 by !m1 al?\gh m9or cre/ figures 7      
sometimes employ$1 z ! ,kon-nuh-hut-di (
 ! ,s\!rn tribes are said to h pa9t$ !  
/>fi% figure al?\gh ,i h nev] se5 x s   
us$1 al?\gh x 0 a fe/ival decoration4   
,x 0 an old cu/om1 b r a privilege      
claim$ by ! *iefs & h\se ma/]s ( !      
ari/ocracy1 to give names to ! communal 
h\ses ^u ! occasion ( _! d$ication1 aft]
 ! walls 7 up & ! ro( 0 on1 :5 ^? ( !   
opposite phratry :o _h assi/$ 9 !       
con/ruction 7 fea/$ & comp5sat$4 ,(     
c\rse1 9 ! evolution ( society1 m5 (    
/rong "*1 successful 9 w>1 ) weal? & _m 
foll[]s w\ld compel su* recognition z   

w\ld p]mit !m to f\nd a h\se & give x a 
"n1 b 9 ord] to d s1 ! potlat* w\ld h to
 be ( undue proportion4 ,! /ronge/      
*>act]i/ics ( ! ,tl+it are pride1       
vanity1 & a dread ( ridicule1 s unless  
"o 0 absolutely assur$ ( m ?an a =mal   
acceptance ( ! act by bo? 8 own & ! o!r 
tribal families he w\ld hesitate to     
place himself 9 a false position1       
subject to criticism4 ,! highe/ & mo/   
honor$ names ?us giv51 7 ^? ( ! totemic 
emblem1 or ref]r+ to "s p>ticul> feature
 ( ! cre/ figure1 z ,rav5 h\se1 ,br[n   
be> h\se1 ,eagle ne/ h\se1 ,kill]-:ale  
dorsal f9 h\se1 etc4 ,o!r names mean+   
less 7 ^? ( position1 %ape1 mat]ial1    
etc41 z ,po9t h\se1 ,box h\se1 ,b>k     
h\se1 ,drum h\se1 ,big h\se1 ,look\t    
h\se1 etc4 ,9 any case a "n once giv5   
surviv$ ! m]e /ructure4 ,x 0 a d$ication
 ( ! site & )\t any fur!r c]emony       
belong$ to all future h\ses built !reon4
     ,,! ,,old ,,:ale ,,h\se4   ,:5 ,i  
fir/ visit$ ,kluckwan 9 #ahhe1 ! l>ge   
old communal h\ses ( ! ,kon-nuh-ta-di 7 

/ill /&+1 ! pr9cipal "o ( :i*1 t ( !    
h]$it>y *ief1 ,y\gh-hit1 ,:ale h\se1 0 9
 ! la/ /ages ( decay & un9habitable1    
al?\gh ! int]ior fitt+s 7 intact & x 0  
/ill us$ ^u fe/ival occasions4 ,x 0     
unque/ionably ! mo/ widely kn[n &       
elaborately ornam5t$ h\se1 n only at    
,*ilkat1 b 9 ,alaska4 ,x occupi$ ! site 
( mu* old] h\ses & x is claim$ mu* l>g] 
ones4 ,x is said to h be5 built by      
,kate-tsu ab\t or prior to #ahce & /ood 
9 ! middle ( ! village4 ,x repres5t$ !  
be/ type ( ,tl+it ar*itecture1 a broad  
l[ /ructure ( heavy hewn spruce timb]s1 
) noticeably high corn] po/s1 t gave x a
 degree ( "* :olly want+ 9 ! l>g] h\ses 
( ! ,vanc\v] ,isl& p4 ,x fac$ ! riv] ) a
 frontage ( #di feet #aj in*es & a dep? 
( #ec feet :i* 0 approximately !        
proportions ( ,tl+it h\ses l>ge & small4
 ,! f\r broad1 neatly f9i%$ corn] po/s1 
& ! int]m$iate ones on ! sides & back 7 
mortis$ 9 l5g?1 to receive ! ends ( !   
wall planks ( spruce or hemlock t 7 laid
 horizontally along ! sides & back1 :ile

 ! front 0 =m$ by two heavy b$ pieces   
plac$ "o above ! o!r ext5d+ across !    
front1 dove-tail$ into ! corn] po/s1 &  
rea*+ to ! height ( ! door sill1 cut out
 along ! upp] edge to receive ! l[] ends
 ( ! broad v]tical planks t ext5d to !  
ro(1 & fitt$ "u correspond+ grooves 9 ! 
cornice capp+s t 9 ! re> ( ! corn] po/s 
7 not*$ & groov$ to fit 9 ! po/4 ,x w   
?us be se5 t ! old h\ses =m$ a solid    
/ructure1 ! frame & plank+ support+ ea* 
o!r )\t ! use ( spikes4 ,! doorway1 t 0 
! only op5+ 9 ! walls1 0 approa*$ by two
 /eps ov] ?ree feet above ! gr\nd1 x 0  
n>r[ & l[ z a def5sive measure1 s t b "o
 c\ld ent] at a "t1 & !n only 9 a /oop+ 
po/ure equally impossible = attack or   
def5se4 ,! ro( cov]+ consi/$ ( a        
confusion ( ov]lapp+ spruce bo>ds &     
slabs ( b>k t orig9ally _h be5 held d[n 
by small] tree trunks ext5d+ ! dep? ( ! 
/ructure & held 9 place by heavy b\ld]s 
at ! ends4 ,! smoke hole 9 ! c5t] ( !   
ro( :i* bo? light$ & v5tilat$ ! int]ior 
_h be5 protect$ by a movable %utt]      

balanc$ on a cross b> re/+ on two       
supports s t x c\ld be %ift$ to ei!r    
side z desir$4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 
,! ,:ale ,h\se ( ! ,*ilkat4             
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,gr\ndplan ( !  
,:ale ,h\se4 ,9 size1 x 0 #di ft4 #aj 94
 front by #ec ft4 deep4 ,f a plan drawn 
by ! au?or4  ,! int]ior =m$ an          
excavation f\r feet n9e in*es bel[ !    
gr\nd level1 ) two rec$+ /ep-l plat=ms4 
,! l[] squ>e floor space #bf feet by #bf
 feet #i in*es1 con/itut$ ! g5]al liv+ &
 work+ room common to all1 except t     
portion 9 ! re> & opposite ! entrance1  
:i* 0 res]v$ = ! use ( ! h\se *ief1 8   
imm$iate family & mo/ di/+ui%$ gue/s4   
,?is 0 ! place ( honor 9 all ,tl+it     
h\ses ^u all occasions1 c]emonial or    
o!rwise4 ,! floor+ ( heavy1 split1      
smoo!d planks ( v>y+ wid?s ext5d$ ar\nd 
a c5tral gravell$ fireplace six feet by 
six feet & a half1 :]e all ( ! cook+ 0  
done1 ov] a wood fire :i* also heat$ !  
h\se 9 w9t]4 ,9 front ( & a little to ! 
"r ( ! fire space ent]$ by a small trap 

door 9 ! floor b>ely l>ge en\gh to admit
 a p]son1 0 a small cell>-l ap>tm5t us$ 
z a /eam ba?1 by heat+ b\ld]s 9 ! ne>by 
fire1 dropp+ !m on ! floor bel[ ) split 
wood tongs1 & p\r+ wat] ^u !m to g5]ate 
! vapor :5 ! ba!r ent]$ & ! op5+ 0 cov]$
 ov]4  ,! fir/ plat=m ext5d+ ar\nd ! ma9
 floor at an elevation ( #b-c_/d feet1  
comp>atively n>r[1 ) a wid? ( #b-a_/b   
feet along ! sides1 & slightly m at !   
ends1 s]v$ bo? z a /ep1 & a l\ng+ place 
9 ! daytime1 & t 9 front1 brok5 by !    
/eps desc5d+ f ! doorway1 0 utiliz$ =   
firewood1 fre% game1 fi%1 wat] baskets1 
& su* l>g] h\sehold articles & implem5ts
 z 7 9 g5]al use4 ,! reta9+ walls ( ?is 
plat=m consi/$ ( f\r heavy hewn spruce  
timb]s approximately #bg feet long1 #c  
feet wide1 & #e in*es ?ick1 & s fitt$ ) 
mortise & t5on at opposite ends t !y    
support$ ea* o!r )\t artificial fa/5+s4 
,! faces ( ^! timb]s 7 beautifully f9i%$
 9 ! f9e/ adze "w1 & ^? on ei!r side &  
at ! back 7 c>v$ 9 l[ relief to repres5t
 a rem>kable ext5d$ figure1 nei!r :olly 

human nor animal1 ) widely out/ret*$    
arms & legs1 pa9t$ 9 r$4 ,x may be t !  
arti/ conceiv$ & execut$ ?is =m m]ely z 
a decorative feature1 )\t mean+1 or if x
 0 8 purpose to pres5t a recognizable   
figure he foll[$ t *>act]i/ic & well    
e/abli%$ privilege ( native art 9       
exagg]ation to make ! subject con=m to !
 decorative field4 ,! old *ief1         
,yehlh-gu\1 ,rav5's slave1 said t !     
figure symboliz$ ,kee-w>-k[ ! highe/    
heav5 :]e ^? :o 7 kill$ 9 w> & di$      
viol5t dea?s w5t1 & are se5 at play 9 ! 
,aurora ,borealis4 ,ano!r explanation is
 t x m]ely repres5t$ a man w>m+ himself 
be=e ! c5tral fire4 7,plate #a47  ,!    
upp] & broad] plat=m1 ris+ two feet     
above t bel[1 0 at ! gr\nd level1 & 0   
floor$ ) heavy planks4 ,x _h a dep? ( t5
 feet on ! sides :i* 0 greatly increas$ 
at ! back & correspond+ly dim9i%$ 9     
front4 ,! f\r heavy reta9+ timb]s =m+ ! 
walls & support+ ! plat=m 7 ?irty-"o    
feet at ! front & back & ?irty-?ree feet
 along ! sides1 two feet wide1 & five   

in*es 9 ?ickness1 & 7 fitt$ toge!r at ! 
ends z previ\sly describ$1 & %[n 9 !    
h\se plan4 ,on ! c>efully adz$ face c>v$
 9 l[ relief1 equidi/ant f ! corn]s & f 
ea* o!r1 arrang$ 9 e*elon1 7 ?ree       
repres5tations ( ! t9neh ! c]emonial    
copp] & 9 connection ) ?is x may be not$
 t "o ( ! names ( ! h\se *ief 0         
,t9neh-s>ta ,keep] ( ! copp]4 ,?is      
plat=m con/itut$ ! sleep+ place ( !     
inmates4 ,ea* family occupi$ a c]ta9    
space accord+ to numb] & relative       
importance1 ! poor] memb]s be+ ne>] !   
door4 ,! spaces 7 sep>at$ f ea* o!r by  
walls ( *e/s1 baskets1 & bundles conta9+
 ! family weal? 9 sk9s1 blankets1 clo?+1
 c]emonial p>aph]nalia1 & food products4
 ,on ! walls 7 hung weapons1 traps1     
sn>es1 & hunt+ ge>4 ,c$>b>k mats cov]$ !
 floor ov] :i* 0 laid ! b$d+ consi/+ (  
pelts ( ! c>ib\1 m\nta9 %eep1 goat1 &   
be>1 & blankets ( lynx1 fox1 & squirrel1
 :i* 9 ! daytime 7 ord9>ily roll$ up =  
economy ( space4 ,sometimes ^! *amb]s 7 
p>tly enclos$ by sk9s or old canoe      

sails4 ,! back comp>tm5t occupy+ ! space
 betwe5 ! two re> int]ior po/s 0        
p>tition$ (f by a v beautiful c>v$ wood 
scre5 :i* w be describ$ lat]4 ,?is 0 !  
*amb] ( ! *ief & 8 imm$iate family4     
7,plate #b7  ,at ! level ( ?is upp]     
plat=m1 firmly imb$d$ 9 ! gr\nd         
equidi/ant f ! sides & ne>] ! front ?an 
! back wall1 7 f\r v]tical elaborately  
c>v$ po/s g>s n9e feet ?ree in*es high &
 two feet six in*es wide1 :i* support$ !
 ro( /ructure4 ,! heads 7 holl[$ to     
receive two neatly r\nd$ tree trunks    
almo/ two feet 9 diamet] ext5d+ f front 
to re>1 on top ( ^! at int]vals 7 plac$ 
heavy cross b>s :i* 9 turn support$ two 
small] r\nd$ longitud9al beams plac$ t  
di/ance t[>ds ! c5t] t w\ld give !      
necess>y pit* to ! ro(1 light] cross    
pieces spann$ ^!1 on :i* re/$ ! ridge   
pole 9 two sections to all[ = ! smoke   
hole4  ,! private ap>tm5t ( ! h\se *ief 
occupi$ ! c5tral portion ( ! upp] re>   
plat=m1 & 0 p>tition$ (f 9 front1 by a  
scre5 ( ?9 native-split r$ c$> planks ( 

v>y+ wid?s1 neatly fitt$ v]tically1 &   
sew$ toge!r ) )es ( spruce root1        
c\nt]sunk1 to make x appe> a solid      
piece4 ,x ext5d$ betwe5 ! two re> c>v$  
po/s t support$ ! ro( /ructure1 & 0     
tw5ty feet long by n9e & a half feet    
high4 ,! front surface 0 smoo!d ) dogfi%
 sk9 or equisetum1 & elaborately c>v$ 9 
l[ relief & pa9t$ to repres5t ! ra9 _s1 
:i* 0 symboliz$ by ! great c5tral figure
 ) out/ret*$ arms1 :ile ! small cr\*+   
figures 9 ! bord] ar\nd ! sides & top   
kn[n z ,su-con-nut*ee ra9drops spla% up1
 repres5t$ ! spla% ( ! fall+ drops aft] 
/rik+ ! gr\nd4 ,! :ole p>tition 0 call$ 
,su-khe5 ra9 wall4  ,! r\nd hole ?r\gh !
 body1 ov] :i* 0 =m]ly hung a dress$    
c>ib\ or goatsk91 =m$ ! entrance to !   
*amb]1 :i* receiv$ its only light &     
v5tilation ov] ! top ( ! scre5 f ! smoke
 hole 9 ! ro(4 ,!re seems to be a       
diff]5ce ( op9ion today z to :o execut$ 
?is "w4 ,yehlh-kok ! pres5t *ief ( !    
family says t x 0 done by ,kate-tsu1 !  
*ief :o built ! h\se1 & t ! pa9t+ 0 ! "w

 ( ,skeet-lah-ka1 a lat] *ief & an arti/
 ( wide repute1 ! fa!r ( ,*>tri*1 :o 9  
#ahcd j prior to ! lease ( ! littoral by
 ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t to ! ,hudson's    
,bay ,company1 accompani$ ! fir/        
,russians :o asc5d$ ! ,*ilkat ,riv]1 :i*
 w\ld c>ry x well back 9 ! e>ly portion 
( ! la/ c5tury :i* 0 ! ,victorian age ( 
,nor?we/ ,coa/ art4  ,o!rs1 :ile agree+ 
z to ! pa9t+1 claim t ! c>v+ 0 design$ &
 execut$ by a ,tsim%ian4 ,b :e!r ! "w ( 
! =m] or ! latt]1 ! conv5tionaliz$      
design1 & p>ticul>ly ! multiplicity (   
small figures ar\nd ! pr9cipal "o is    
ess5tially ,tsim%ian 9 "* & entirely    
diff]5t f ! realism ( ,tl+it art4  ,x is
 unque/ionably ! f9e/ example ( native  
art1 ei!r ,tl+it or ,tsim%ian1 9        
,alaska1 9 boldness (                   
conception1--al?\gh highly              
conv5tionaliz$ 9 =m1--9 execution (     
detail1 & 9 ! selection & arrangem5t (  
colors4  ,! f\r int]ior po/s g>s on :i* 
re/ ! heavy longitud9al beams t support 
! ro( /ructure are elaborately c>v$ 9   

high relief1 a comm+l+ ( human & animal 
=ms4 ,ea* "o illu/rates "s h]o tale or  
important incid5t 9 ! e>ly life ( !     
family1 or a tradition ( ! w&]+s &      
antics ( ,yehlh1 ! ,rav5 ) :om !y claim 
a c]ta9 relation%ip4 ,ea* po/ is nam$ f 
! /ory told4 ,!y are ( r$ c$>1 br\ght f 
! s\?1 & 7 c>v$ by a ,tsim%ian :o also  
c>v$ ! figures on ! faces ( ! reta9+    
timb]s ( ! fir/ plat=m4 ,= all ( ?is "w 
he receiv$ 9 paym5t t5 slaves1 fifty    
dress$ moose-sk9s1 & a numb] ( blankets4
  ,besides ^! !re 7 f\r o!r po/s kn[n z 
,teetle-,g>s ,dog salmon po/4 ,!y       
pres5t$ a slightly r\nd$ surface1 c>v$ 9
 l[ relief1 pa9t$ 9 dull colors1 inlaid 
) op]cula & repres5t+1 z ! "n indicat$1 
! dog salmon4 ,!y 7 mu* decay$ & only   
two 7 /&+ at ! height ( ! upp] plat=m at
 ! sides 9 #ahhe4 ,!y _h be5 us$        
orig9ally z int]ior po/s 9 "s h\se b _h 
pass$ _! p]iod ( usefulness & 7 pres]v$ 
simply z relics ( ! pa/4     ,,detail   
,,( ,,! ,,h\se ,,po/s4                  
,,gonakatate-,,g>s4   ,! c>v$ int]ior   

po/ to ! "r ( ! doorway ent]+ 0 kn[n z  
,gonakatate-,g>s & told a /ory ( ,yehlh1
 ! ,rav54 7,plate #c;a47  ,gonakatate 0 
believ$ to be a great sea mon/]1 half   
animal & half fi%1 v>i\sly repres5t$    
accord+ to ! imag9ation ( ! arti/1 b    
g5]ally %[n ) =e feet1 a *>act]i/ic     
dorsal f91 & ! tail ( a fi%1 b aga9 x is
 said t 9 ris+ f ! wat] x appe>$ z a    
beautifully ornam5t$ h\se front4 ,x     
br\ght great good =tune to "o :o saw x4 
,! pr9cipal figure ext5d+ f ne> ! top to
 ! bottom ) front & h9d paws repres5ts  
?is mon/] hold+ a :ale by ! flipp] ) !  
tail 9 its m\? & ! head betwe5 ! h9d    
feet1 = ! ,gonakatate is believ$ to     
capture & eat :ales4 ,! figure ( a woman
 on ! back ( ! :ale is call$            
,/ah-ka-dee-,%awut :i* is an old] "n ( !
 ,qwa%-qwa-kwan1 a family t came f !    
int]ior & settl$ on ! coa/ ab\t         
,yakutat1 & z ! sc5e ( ?is adv5ture is  
plac$ !reab\ts & ) ! matri>*al sy/em !  
woman w\ld indicate ! family4 ,! use (  
h] figure w\ld s]ve to m>k ! locality   

:i* is ! only explanation = h]          
appe>ance4  ,9 ! bl[ hole ( ! :ale is ! 
head ( ! ,rav5 :i* is ! significant     
feature ( ! :ole c>v+ t illu/rates !    
/ory4 ,! small] head at ! top1 ornam5t$ 
) human hair is call$                   
,gonakatate-,yuttee1 ,gonakatate's *ild1
 t holds ! head ( ! hawk 9 its paws4    
,:ile ! hawk is an emblem ( ! family1 ^!
 figures are m]ely ornam5tal & h no     
connection ) ! /ory4  ,! /ory ( !       
,gonakatate-,g>s is z foll[s3--  ,dur+ !
 w&]+s ( ,yehlh ,rav5 along ! coa/ (    
,alaska above ! m\? ( ! ,alse* ,riv]1 he
 saw a :ale bl[+1 f> out to sea1 & be+  
always hungry he greatly want$ to       
capture x1 b he _h nei!r spe> nor l9e & 
only 8 fire bag ( fl9t1 /one1 & t9d]4   
,he ?\ght t he might kill ! :ale if he  
c\ld only get inside1 s :5 x came up to 
brea! he flew 9 ! bl[ hole & rea*+ !    
/oma*1 /ruck a light1 & made a fire t   
soon kill$ x4  ,:5 x float$ in%ore & 0  
roll$ on ! bea* by ! break]s1 he tri$ to
 escape z he _h ent]$1 b ! bl[ hole _h  

p>tly clos$ & he c\ld only get 8 head   
out4 ,he saw a "y man com+ d[n to ! %ore
 & he comm5c$ to s+ 9 a l\d voice4 ,?is 
greatly surpris$ him & he ha/5$ back to 
! camp to tell ! old p t !re 0 /range   
s++ 9 a /r&$ :ale1 :i* br\ght all !     
villag]s to ! sc5e1 & !y proce$$ to cut 
op5 ! :ale at ! bl[ hole :5 ! ,rav5 flew
 out s++ khoonee1 khoonee1 clean$ out ! 
bl[ hole4 ,:5 ! p _h cut up ! :ale &    
tri$ out ! blubb] into grease ! ,rav5   
return$ 9 human =m1 & ask$ !m h[ !y got 
! :ale1 & if !y _h he>d s++ )91 = he    
told !m t long ago ?is _h happ5$ 9 8    
c\ntry1 & all ( ^? :o ate ! grease _h   
di$4 ,?is s fright5$ ! p t !y left !    
grease boxes on ! %ore & return$ to !   
village1 :5 ! ,rav5 sat d[n & ate all ! 
grease !y _h prep>$4                    
,,duck-,,toolh-,,g>s4  ,! c>v$ int]ior  
po/1 to ! left ( ! doorway ent]+1 0 nam$
 ,duck-toolh-,g>s1 & illu/rates a h]o   
tale ( ! family t occurr$ be=e _! nor!rn
 migration4 ,! human figure repres5ts   
,duck-toolh ,black-sk9 7typify+ /r5g?71 

te>+ ! sealion 9 two4 ,! head at ! base 
symbolizes ! rock isl& on :i* ! sealion 
haul$1 :5 ?is incid5t took place4 ,!    
head ( ,duck-toolh is wrapp$ ar\nd )    
sealion inte/9es & is ornam5t$ ) human  
hair hang+ d[n ov] ! face4 ,! sealion   
=ms ! c5tral figure2 ! protrud+ tongue  
indicates dea?1 z ! body is split 9     
half4 ,! =e flipp]s are p>allel ) ! body
 "u ! man's =e>ms & ! back flipp]s re/  
on 8 %\ld]s4  ,x is said t 9 ! e>ly life
 ( ! ,kon-nuh-hut-di1 be=e _! migration 
nor?1 :5 !y liv$ on ! we/ coa/ ( ,pr9ce 
( ,wales ,isl&1 at or ne> ! pres5t site 
( ,klawak1 at ,tuck-anee j by ! outside 
f :i* ! inhabitants took ! local "n     
,tuck-an-a-di outside c\ntry p f _! home
 on ! ocean coa/1 !re 0 a "y man1 !     
nephew ( ! *ief1 nam$ ,duck-toolh       
,black-sk91 b nicknam$ ,at-kah>see na/y 
man f 8 g5]ally dirty condition4  ,!    
villag]s dep5d$ l>gely ^u ! fle% ( !    
sealion = food1 its hide 0 us$ = armor &
 o!r economic purposes :ile ! :isk]     
bri/les 7 greatly priz$ = ! cr[n ( !    

c]emonial headdress4  ,^! animals 7 f\nd
 9 great numb]s on a rocky isl& f> to   
seaw>d 7suppos$ to h be5 ,=e/]s ,isl&71 
b ! ocean passage 9 _! frail canoes 0 v 
dang]\s & ) _! primitive spe>s & clubs x
 took c\rage & /r5g? to succe$ 9 ! hunt1
 & s !y prep>$ !mselves = ! und]tak+ by 
mu* ex]cise1 & h>d5$ _! bodies by sea   
ba?+ 9 ! e>ly morn+ ?r\gh\t ! w9t]4 ,b  
,duck-,toolh seem+ly practis$ none ( ^! 
?+s1 he slept late & al?\gh ( great size
 0 look$ ^u z lazy & weak until he      
became ! laugh+ /ock ev5 ( ! *ildr54 ,9 
! h\sehold 0 a p[]ful man nam$          
,ka%-ka-di1 :o 9 pass+ = 8 morn+ plunge 
w\ld kick ,duck-toolh & call him by 8   
nickname1 :i* he nev] res5t$4 ,^u com+  
out ( ! wat] ea* morn+ ! ba!rs w\ld te/ 
_! /r5g? by try+ to pull up & break     
small] trees4 ,all ( ?is "t ,duck-toolh 
0 %amm+1 = e night aft] all _h gone to  
sleep he w\ld /eal out & sit 9 ! ice    
cold wat] by ! h\r1 & com+ out w\ld beat
 himself ) bundles ( bru% to keep up 8  
circulation1 !n he w\ld ent] ! h\se &   

?r[+ a little wat] on ! hot coals to    
make /eam1 & wrapp+ himself 9 8 b>k mat 
w\ld lie d[n & g to sleep 9 ! a%es :i*  
cov]$ 8 body & gave him 8 nickname4 ,"o 
night :ile he 0 sitt+ 9 ! wat] he he>d a
 :i/le1 & saw a heavily built man rise  
out ( ! sea4 ,he came to him & told him 
to get up1 :5 he :ipp$ him on ! back f\r
 times & ) ea* /roke he fell d[n4 ,!n he
 gave ,duck-toolh ! /icks & told him to 
:ip him1 :i* _h no effect ^u him & he   
said1 ,y h n ga9$ /r5g? yet4 ,?is       
op]ation 0 aga9 repeat$ :i* gave        
,duck-toolh great /r5g?1 & !n !y wre/l$ 
) ea* o!r1 b nei!r c\ld ?r[ ! o!r4 ,!   
/range man said1 ,n[ y are v p[]ful ,i h
 giv5 y my /r5g?1 :5 a heavy fog sudd5ly
 drove 9 f ! sea & envelop$ him & he    
disappe>$4 ,!n ,duck-toolh ran ab\t &   
broke ! limbs (f ! trees ) little ef=t1 
b he put !m toge!r aga9 & !y froze 9    
place = he did n want any "o to "k t    
/r5g? _h come to him4 ,he felt v happy1 
& 0 v will+ to d any?+ = any "o or to   
accept ! ridicule & abuse heap$ ^u him4 

,9 ! morn+1 ,ka%-ka-di1 aft] com+ out ( 
! wat]1 ran ab\t try+ 8 /r5g? & he took 
! great limb t 0 /uck toge!r 9 8 h&s &  
pull$ x ap>t4 ,he boa/$ to ev]yone t    
/r5g? _h come to him & t he 0 ready n[  
to g out aga9/ ! sealion4 ,duck-toolh   
said1 ,yes1 he w\ld g too1 :i* made e "o
 laugh4 ,ev5 ! girls made fun ( him &   
ask$ him :at he c\ld d1 = he 0 l !m1 &  
he said t he c\ld bail ! canoe1 :i* 0 a 
woman's or *ild's "w4 ,he wa%$ & put on 
clean clo!s & go+ to 8 gr&mo!r said1 ,y 
h no tlhan1 7/rips ( fur wov5 into      
blankets72 y h no da 7m>t9 sk974 ,%e    
answ]$1 ,yes & gave him a /rip ( fur )  
:i* he ti$ up 8 front hair1 tak5 9 a    
bun* 7?is 0 done :5 "o felt angry71 & he
 dabb$ 8 m\? ) r$ pa9t1 b /ill ! p      
laugh$ at him1 al?\gh he look$ l a *ief4
 ,!n ! canoe />t$ = ! sealion gr\nds &  
:ile ,ka%-ka-di boa/$ ( 8 great /r5g? & 
:at he w\ld d1 ,duck-toolh sat sil5tly 9
 ! bottom ( ! canoe4 ,:5 !y rea*$ !     
rocks ,ka%-ka-di jump$ out & grabb+ a   
great sealion by its h9d flipp]s tri$ to

 te> x 9 two1 b he 0 ?r[n high 9 ! air &
 kill$ on ! rocks4 ,!n ,duck-toolh      
laugh$ & said1 ,:o broke ! tree1 ,i     
break x1 & he jump$ on ! rock & grabb$ !
 sealion & tore x ap>t1 beat ! bra9s out
 ( ! small] ones1 & = "s unkn[n reason  
he w\nd ! inte/9es ( ! animals ar\nd 8  
head4 ,!n !y load$ ! canoe ) ! c>casses 
& return$ home & ev]yone knew t         
,duck-toolh 0 /r5g? & he became a v     
p[]ful & weal?y man4 ,"s v]sions ( ?is  
/ory say t he rema9$ alone on ! isl& =  
"s "t dur+ :i* ! _s ( ! doctor came to  
him1 b my in=mant knew no?+ ( ?is4      
,,yehlh-,,g>s4  ,! c>v$ po/ on ! "r ( ! 
ornam5tal scre5 0 nam$ ,yehlh-,g>s ,rav5
 ,po/1 & told ! /ory ( ! capture ( ,ta !
 k+ salmon4 ,! ma9 figure %[s ! ,rav5 9 
human =m hold+ a head ) a project+      
blade-l tongue1 :i* is kn[n z ,tsu-hoot>
 jade adze4 ,at ! bottom is ! head ( a  
fi% :i* %\ld h be5 t ( ! k+ salmon1 b   
?r\gh a mi/ake ( ! c>v] x resembles m   
ne>ly t ( ! sculp94 ,com+ out ( ! m\? ( 
! ,rav5 is a bird =m call$              

,tu-kwut-lah-,yehlh1 tell+ lies rav51   
:i* symbolizes ! lies ! ,rav5 told to ! 
little birds m5tion$ 9 ! /ory4 7,plate  
#d;a47  ,_m ( ! my?s relative to ! lat] 
w&]+s ( ! ,rav5 aft] ! release ( !      
elem5ts necess>y to life on ! e>?1 &    
p>ticul>ly ^? 9 connection ) animals1   
repres5t him z always hungry1           
unscrupul\s & deceptive1 & fri5dly only 
= selfi% purposes4 ,9 ! e>ly spr+ be=e !
 salmon _h come into ! riv]s1 or !      
b]ries _h rip5$ on ! m\nta9 sides1 !    
season ( little food1 ,yehlh happ5$ to  
be on ! sea%ore ne> ,dry ,bay & v       
hungry4 ,he saw a k+ salmon jump+ 9 !   
ocean & he comm5c$ to plan h[ he c\ld   
take x1 = he _h nei!r canoe1 spe>1 nor  
l9e4 ,go+ back f ! %ore he f\nd 9 a     
des]t$ camp a piece ( an old c$>b>k mat1
 an old wov5 spruce root hat1 an eagle  
sk91 & a jade adze tsu-hoot>4 ,putt+ on 
! hat1 fold+ ! mat ab\t 8 body1 & dress+
 8 hair ) eagle d[n1 he took ! jade &   
seat+ himself on a big b\ld] at ! edge (
 ! wat] said to ! salmon1 ,tsu-hoot> is 

call+ y bad names1 he says t y h an ugly
 black m\? & t y are afraid to come up  
to ! %ore4 ,?is s enrag$ ! salmon t he  
came t[>ds ! %ore1 :5 ,tehlh said1 ,wait
 a little1 ,i h to g to ! woods = he _h 
no club & ! salmon mu/ always be kill$  
by /rik+ x on ! head ) a club4 ,:5 he   
return$1 he aga9 revil$ ! salmon & :5 x 
came & jump$ 9 %all[ wat] he kill$ x4   
,he !n k9dl$ a fire ) 8 rubb+ /icks &   
prep>$ ! fi% = cook+4 ,9 ! meantime _m  
small birds came ar\nd hop+ to get      
some?+ to eat1 & ! ,rav5 s5t !m (f to   
ga!r skunk cabbage leaves to wrap ! fi% 
91 b ^? t !y br\ght he condemn$ z too   
small or smell+ bad1 & told !m to g to !
 f> m\nta9 :]e ! prop] k9d grew4 ,z soon
 z !y _h disappe>$ he wrapp$ ! fi% 9 !  
disc>d$ leaves1 scrap$ away ! fire & !  
gravel b5ea?1 buri$ ! fi%1 & cov]$ x ) !
 hot /ones & ! fire4 ,:5 ! fi% 0 cook$1 
he ate all ( x & collect+ ! bones1      
c>efully wrapp$ !m 9 ! old leaves &     
cov]$ !m ) ! fire & :5 ! little birds   
return$ ) ! m\nta9 leaves he %[$ !m !   

bones1 say+ t ! fire _h eat5 ! fle%4 ,!n
 all ( ! birds felt v badly1 ! little   
*ickadee cri$ bitt]ly & cont9ually wip+ 
its eyes ) its feet wore away ! fea!rs  
:i* ev] aft] %[$ a :ite /ripe f ! corn]s
 d[n4 ,! blue jay 0 s angry t he ti$ up 
! fea!rs on top ( 8 head :i* h ev] s9ce 
=m$ a cre/1 = :5 ! ,tl+it are angry !y  
tie ! front hair up 9 a knot2 :ile !    
rob9 9 8 grief sat too close to ! fire &
 burn$ 8 brea/ r$4                      
,,tluke-,,ass-,a-,,g>s4  ,! c>v$ po/ on 
! left ( ! ornam5tal scre5 0 nam$       
,tluke-ass-a-,g>s ,wood-worm ,po/ &     
illu/rat$ a v important happ5+ 9 ! e>ly 
life ( ! family t is believ$ to h caus$ 
! sep>ation ( ! body t fir/ migrat$     
nor?w>d4 ,! l>ge upp] figure repres5ts  
,ka-kut*-an1 ! girl :o fondl$ !         
wood-worm1 :i* %e holds 9 front ( h]    
body ) bo? h&s4 ,ov] h] head are two    
wood-worms ^: heads =m h] e>s4 ,b5ea? is
 %[n a frog 9 ! bill ( a crane4 ,! :ole 
po/ symbolizes ! tree 9 :i* ! wood-worm 
lives1 ! crane lights on ! out] surface 

& ! frog lives und]nea? among ! roots4  
,x is said t 9 e>ly days 9 a village t  
w\ld seem to h be5 ne> ,klawak1 on ! we/
 coa/ ( ,pr9ce ( ,wales ,isl&1 !re 0 a  
*ief ( ! ,tl[-on-we-ga-dee family ^:    
wife 0 ( ! ,kon-nuh-ta-di4 ,!y _h a     
daught] j rea*+ womanhood4 ,"o day aft] 
! memb]s ( ! h\sehold _h return$ f ga!r+
 firewood1 ! daught]1 pick+ up a piece (
 b>k f\nd a wood-worm :i* %e wrapp$ up 9
 h] blanket & c>ri$ 9 ! h\se4 ,aft] !   
ev5+ meal %e took x into ! back         
comp>tm5t & (f]$ x "s food1 b x w\ld n  
eat1 & !n %e gave x h] brea/ & x grew v 
rapidly & %e became v fond ( x1 z if x 7
 h] *ild1 & z "t w5t on h] :ole life    
seem$ to be absorb$ by h] pet :i* %e    
kept secret$4 ,h] con/ant ab/raction &  
abs5ces grew s noticeable t ! "m's      
suspicions 7 ar\s$ & "o day %e detect$  
h] fondl+ ! worm t _h n[ gr[n z l>ge z a
 p]son4 ,%e call$ ! *ief & !y wond]$    
greatly = no "o _h ev] se5 any?+ l x4 ,z
 %e play$ ) ! worm %e sang to x all !   
"t3--      ,da-a-a see-ok bus k-e-e-e4  

,t*i-ok kon nok     ,!y h small faces4  
,sit d[n "h4      ,tu usk-k ka tel k9 ka
           ,t*i-ok kon nok     ,!y h    
small fat *eeks4      ,sit d[n "h4  ,!  
fa!r told ! uncle & he s5t = 8 niece &  
set food be=e h]1 & :ile %e ate he /ole 
away to see ! worm1 :i* %e _h hidd5     
beh9d ! food *e/s 9 ! back ap>tm5t4 ,t  
ev5+ ! uncle call$ ! p toge!r & told !m 
t 8 niece _h a great liv+ creature      
,kutze-ce-te-ut t might 9 "t kill !m all
 & !y decid$ to kill ! worm4 ,ano!r     
reason giv5 = ! de/ruction ( ! creature 
0 t x 0 held acc\ntable = ! loss ( mu*  
food t _h be5 my/]i\sly disappe>+ f !   
grease boxes = "s "t pa/4  ,! foll[+ day
 ! aunt invit$ h] to come & sew h] m>t9 
sk9 robe1 & 9 h] abs5ce ! m5 %>p5$ _!   
long wood5 spe>s & go+ to ! h\se kill$ !
 worm4 ,^u h] return %e cri$ bitt]ly &  
said !y _h kill$ h] *ild & %e sang h]   
song night & day until %e di$4 ,!n h]   
family left ?is place & migrat$ nor?4 ,9
 commemoration ( ?is ev5t !             
,tl[-on-we-ga-du family display ! tail (

 ! worm on _! dance dress1 pipes1 etc41 
z !y attack$ t "p1 :ile ! ,kon-nuh-ta-di
 display ! :ole worm figure z !y kill$ !
 head :i* 0 ! mo/ important "p4         
,,objects ,,associat$ ,,) ,,! ,,h\se4   
,closely associat$ ) ! ,:ale ,h\se1 & 9 
! keep+ ( ! *ief1 7 _m c]emonial objects
 9 cre/ =m1 t 7 nev] exhibit$ except ^u 
su* important occasions z :5 ! :ole     
family 0 assembl$ & mu* prop]ty 0       
di/ribut$ to ^? ( ! opposite phratry :o 
_h assi/$ at h\se & grave build+1       
cremation1 etc4 ,mo/ prom95t among ^! 0 
a great wood fea/ di%1 & an             
exceptionally l>ge basket4 ,! =m] 0 kn[n
 z ,?luke-hotsick wood-worm di%1 & z a  
cre/ object x told ! same /ory z ! c>v$ 
int]ior po/ previ\sly describ$4 ,x 0    
holl[$ out ( a tree trunk #ad feet #f   
in*es long1 #b feet #f in*es wide & #a  
foot high4 ,x 0 %ap$ & ornam5tally c>v$ 
& pa9t$ to repres5t a wood-worm & inlaid
 along ! r\nd$ upp] edge ) op]cula4 ,9  
#ahhe x _h s f> decay$ t its usefulness 
0 pa/ al?\gh x 0 /ill display$ ^u       

c]emonial occasions 7,fig4 #f74         
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,wood-worm ,di%1
 z se5 9 ! ,h\se4  ,! basket al?\gh at  
lea/ two g5]ations old1 has be5 c>efully
 c>$ = s t x is 9 an excell5t /ate (    
pres]vation4 ,x is nam$ ,kuhk-claw      
basket "m on acc\nt ( its great size1   
measur+ #cc in*es 9 bo? height &        
diamet]4 ,x 0 wov5 ( split spruce root 9
 cyl9drical =m1 by a woman ( ! family1 9
 ! *>act]i/ic weave ( ! ,*ilkat1 :]e    
alt]nate spirals ( wo( are 9 ! d\ble    
tw9+ & plait+1 giv+ a r\gh & irregul>   
appe>ance to ! wall surface4 ,! only    
v>iation on ! outside are f\r %ort d>k] 
color$ l9es ( weave :i* m>k its capacity
 at diff]5t heights z we m>k a comm]cial
 measure4 ,x is fitt$ ) twi/$ root h&le 
= c>riage4 ,bo? ( ^! receptacles 7 us$  
at fea/s1 fill$ ) native food1 & are    
g5]ally kn[n ?r\gh\t s\!a/]n ,alaska4   
,,! ,,pres5t ,,:ale ,,h\se4   ,9 #ahii  
?is h\se & ,yehlh-hit 7,rav57 ,h\se     
adjo9+ 7 torn d[n & prep>ations = !     
erection ( new build+s 7 gott5 "u way1 &

 9 ! w9t] ( #aija1 aft] ! walls 7 up & !
 ro( on1 a great potla* 0 giv5 by !     
,kon-nuh-ta-di1 to ! ?ree ,wolf families
 ( ! opposite phratry 9 ! tribe & !     
,ka-gwan-tan ( ,sitka1 9 :i* ov] t5 ?\s&
 doll>s 9 prop]ty1 food1 & money 7      
di/ribut$4 ,! head *ief ( ! family !    
ma/] ( ! :ale h\se ,yehlh-gu\ ,rav5's   
slave1 welcom$ 8 gue/ ^u l&+1 we>+ !    
,rav5 hat4 ,! new h\se al?\gh mod]n 9 =m
 & ( two /ories took ! old "n1 & x /&s  
today w9d[less & doorless1 ! int]ior    
gr[n up 9 we$s1 a monum5t ( ! la/ great 
potlat* ( ! ,*ilkat1 z ! *ief di$ soon  
aft]w>ds & 8 successor has nei!r ! means
 to f9i% x nor ! desire to live 9 x & ! 
elaborate c>v+s h nev] be5 plac$ b are  
/or$ & w probably s rema94     ,,plate  
#a4  ,decorative figures c>v$ 9         
bas-relief on ! face ( ! reta9+ timb]s  
support+ ! two int]ior sup]impos$       
plat=ms4 ,= _! positions 9 ! h\se see   
,fig4 #f4 ,! ?ree upp] figures repres5t 
! native hamm]$ copp] plate1 ,t9neh1 :i*
 0 an important feature 9 ! c]emonial   

life ( ! ,nor?we/ ,coa/ & 0 ! mo/ valu$ 
( possessions1 :ile t bel[ 0 said to    
symbolize ,kee-w>-k[1 ! highe/ heav54   
7,see p4 #bb47  ,illu/ration3 ,,plate   
#a4  ,,plate #b4  ,c>v$ & pa9t$ scre5 at
 ! back ( ! h\se p>tition+ (f ! *ief's  
ap>tm5t4 ,x is call$ ,su-khe51 or ra9   
wall4 ,! c5tral figure ) out/ret*$ arms 
repres5ts ! ,ra9 ,_s1 :ile ! small cr\*+
 figures 9 ! bord] are call$            
,su-c\-nut*ee1 ra9drops spla% up1 or !  
spla% ( fall+ drops aft] /rik+ ! gr\nd4 
,a portion ( ! scre5 has be5 brok5 (f & 
! o!rwise unsymmetrical =m ( ! draw+ is 
due to photographic di/ortion4 ,its     
position 9 ! h\se is indicat$ by ,fig4  
#f4 ,! hole ?r\gh ! body ( ! symbolic   
figure is ! door or entrance to !       
ap>tm5t beh9d4 7,see p4 #bc47           
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #b4  ,,plate #c4  
a ,c>v$ int]ior po/ to ! "r ( !         
entrance1 ,gonakatate-,g>s1 repres5t+ ! 
my?ical sea mon/] t br+s good =tune to  
"o :o sees x & illu/rates a /ory 9 !    
e>ly w&]+s ( ,yehlh1 ! ,rav54 ,at ! top 

is ,gonakatate's *ild :o holds a hawk 9 
its paws4 ,next is ! head ( ,gonakatate1
 ! pr9cipal figure ^: body ext5ds to !  
bottom ( ! po/4 ,he holds 9 front ( him 
a :ale1 peep+ f ^: bl[ hole is ! head ( 
! ,rav54 ,on ! back ( ! :ale is ! figure
 ( a woman4 7,see p4 #be47  b ,c>v$     
int]ior po/ to ! left ( ! entrance1     
,duck-,toolh-,g>s repres5t+ ! leg5d>y   
h]o1 ,black-,sk9s r5d+ ! sealion4 ,!    
l>ge human figure is ,duck-,toolh1 :o   
holds a sealion by ! h9d flipp]s4 ,!    
head at ! base ( ! po/ repres5ts ! isl& 
^u :i* he /ood :ile te>+ ! sealion      
asund]4 7,see p4 #bf47  ,illu/ration3   
,,plate #c4  ,,plate #d4  a ,c>v$       
int]ior po/ to ! "r ( ! decorative scre5
 9 ! re> ( ! h\se1 ,yehlh-,g>s1 ,rav5   
,po/1 tell+ ! /ory ( ! ,rav5 captur+ !  
k+ salmon4 ,! ma9 figure ) head at ! top
 repres5ts ! ,rav51 hold+ ! head (      
,tsu-hoot>1 or jade adze1 & /&+ ^u !    
head ( a fi%4 ,f ! m\? ( ,rav5 is issu+ 
a bird repres5t+ lies4 7,see p4 #bh47  b
 ,c>v$ int]ior po/ to ! left ( !        

decorative scre5 9 ! re> ( ! h\se1      
,tluke-ass-a-,g>s1 illu/rat+ ! /ory ( ! 
girl & ! wood-worm4 ,! human figure     
above is t ( ,ka-kut*-an1 ! girl :o     
fondl$ ! wood-worm4 ,%e holds !         
wood-worm 9 front 9 h] h&s4 ,two worms  
are peep+ ar\nd h] head4 ,! l[] figure  
repres5ts a crane hold+ a frog 9 its    
bill4 7,see p4 #bi47  ,illu/ration3     
,,plate #d4     ,am]ican ,museum (      
,natural ,hi/ory4  ,,publications ,,9   
,,an?ropology4   ,9 #aijf ! pres5t s]ies
 ( ,an?ropological ,pap]s 0 au?oriz$ by 
! ,tru/ees ( ! ,museum to record !      
results ( rese>* conduct$ by ! ,dep>tm5t
 ( ,an?ropology4 ,! s]ies comprises     
octavo volumes ( ab\t #cej pages ea*1   
issu$ 9 p>ts at irregul> int]vals4      
,previ\s to #aijf articles devot$ to    
an?ropological subjects appe>$ z        
occasional pap]s 9 ! ,bullet9 & also 9 !
 ,memoir s]ies ( ! ,museum4 ,a complete 
li/ ( ^! publications ) prices w be     
furni%$ :5 reque/$4 ,all communications 
%\ld be address$ to ! ,libr>ian ( !     

,museum4  ,! rec5t issues are z         
foll[s3--   ,volume ,x4     ,i4         
,*ipewyan ,texts4 ,by ,pl9y ,e>le       
,godd>d4 ,pp4 #a-ff4 #aiab4 ,price1     
#a4jj4    ,,ii4 ,analysis ( ,cold ,lake 
,dialect1 ,*ipewyan4 ,by ,pl9y ,e>le    
,godd>d4 ,pp4 #fg-agj1 & #bdi text      
figures4 #aiab4 ,price1 #a4jj4   ,,iii4 
,*ipewyan ,tales4 ,by ,rob]t ,h4 ,l[ie4 
,pp4 #aga-bjj4 #aiab4 ,price1 4#be4     
,,iv4 ,! ,beav] ,indians4 ,by ,pl9y     
,e>le ,godd>d4 ,pp4 #bja-bic1 & #ai text
 figures4 #aiaf4 ,price1 #a4jj4     ,v4 
7,9 press47   ,volume ,,xi4     ,i4     
,societies & ,c]emonial ,associations 9 
! ,oglala ,division ( ! ,teton-,dakota4 
,by ,cl>k ,wissl]4 ,pp4 #a-ii1 & #g text
 figures4 #aiab4 ,price1 4#ej4    ,,ii4 
,dance ,associations ( ! ,ea/]n ,dakota4
 ,by ,rob]t ,h4 ,l[ie4 ,pp4 #aja-adb4   
#aiac4 ,price1 4#be4   ,,iii4 ,societies
 ( ! ,cr[1 ,hidatsa & ,m&an ,indians4   
,by ,rob]t ,h4 ,l[ie4 ,pp4 #adc-ceh &   
#ah text figures4 #aiac4 ,price1 #b4jj4 
,,iv4 ,societies & ,dance ,associations 

( ! ,blackfoot ,indians4 ,by ,cl>k      
,wissl]4 ,pp4 #cfc-dfj1 & #bi text      
figures4 #aiac4 ,price1 #a4jj4     ,v4  
,danc+ ,societies ( ! ,s>si ,indians4   
,by ,pl9y ,e>le ,godd>d4 ,pp4 #dfa-dgd4 
#aiad4 ,price1 4#be4    ,,vi4 ,political
 ,organization1 ,cults1 & ,c]emonies ( !
 ,pla9s-,ojibway & ,pla9s-,cree         
,indians4 ,by ,alanson ,sk9n]4 ,pp4     
#dge-edb1 & #aj text figures4 #aiad4    
,price1 4#ge4   ,,vii4 ,pawnee ,indian  
,societies4 ,by ,james ,r4 ,murie4 ,pp4 
#edc-fdd1 & #ah text figures4 #aiad4    
,price1 #a4jj4  ,,viii4 ,societies ( !  
,arik>a ,indians4 ,by ,rob]t ,h4 ,l[ie4 
,pp4 #fde-fgh4 #aiae4 ,price1 4#ej4     
,,ix4 ,societies ( ! ,i[a1 ,kansa1 &    
,ponca ,indians4 ,by ,alanson ,sk9n]4   
,pp4 #fgi-hja1 & #e text figures4 #aiae4
 ,price1 #a4jj4     ,x4 ,dances &       
,societies ( ! ,pla9s ,%o%one4 ,by      
,rob]t ,h4 ,l[ie4 ,pp4 #hjc-hce4 #aiae4 
,price1 4#be4    ,,xi4 ,societies ( !   
,ki[a4 ,by ,rob]t ,h4 ,l[ie4 ,pp4       
#hcg-hea4 #aiaf4 ,price1 4#be4   ,,xii4 

,g5]al ,discussion ( ,%amani/ic & ,danc+
 ,societies ,by ,cl>k ,wissl]4 ,pp4     
#hec-hgf4 #aiaf4 ,price1 4#be4  ,,xiii4 
7,9 prep>ation74   ,volume ,,xii4       
,i4 ,/r+-figures f ! ,patomana ,indians 
( ,briti% ,guiana4 ,by ,frank ,e4 ,lutz4
 ,pp4 #a-ad4 & #ab text figures4 #aiab4 
,price1 4#be4    ,,ii4 ,prehi/oric      
,bronze 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,by ,*>les ,w4  
,mead4 ,pp4 #ae-eb1 & #d text figures4  
#aiae4 ,price1 4#be4   ,,iii4 ,p]uvian  
,textiles4 ,by ,m4 ,d4 ,c4 ,craw=d4 ,pp4
 #eb-aja1 & #bc text figures4 #aiae4    
,price1 4#ej4    ,,iv4 7,9 prep>ation47 
,volume ,,xiii4     ,i4 ,social ,life & 
,c]emonial ,bundles ( ! ,m5om9i         
,indians4 ,by ,alanson ,sk9n]4 ,pp4     
#a-afe1 & #cj text figures4 #aiac4      
,price1 #a4ej4    ,,ii4 ,associations & 
,c]emonies ( ! ,m5om9i ,indians4 ,by    
,alanson ,sk9n]4 ,pp4 #afg-bae1 & #b    
text figures4 #aiae4 ,price1 4#dj4      
,,iii4 ,folklore ( ! ,m5om9i ,indians4  
,by ,alanson ,sk9n] & ,john ,v4         
,satt]lee4 ,pp4 #bag-edf4 #aiae4 ,price1

 #a4fj4   ,volume ,,xiv4     ,i4 ,!     
,/efansson-,&]son ,arctic ,exp$ition ( !
 ,am]ican ,museum3 ,prelim9>y           
,e?nological ,report4 ,by ,vilhjalmur   
,/efansson4 ,pp4 #a-cgf1 #id text       
figures1 & #b maps4 #aiad4 ,price4      
#c4ej4    ,,ii4 7,9 prep>ation47        
,volume ,,xv4     ,i4 ,pueblo ,ru9s ( ! 
,gali/eo ,bas91 ,new ,mexico4 ,by ,n4   
,c4 ,nelson4 ,pp4 #a-abd1 ,plates #a-d1 
#ac text figures1 #a map1 & #g plans4   
#aiad4 ,price 4#ge4    ,,ii4 7,9        
prep>ation47   ,volume ,,xvi4     ,i4 ,!
 ,sun ,dance ( ! ,cr[ ,indians4 ,by     
,rob]t ,h4 ,l[ie4 ,pp4 #a-ej1 & #aa text
 figures4 #aiae4 ,price1 4#ej4    ,,ii4 
7,9 prep>ation47   ,volume ,,xvii4      
,i4 ,rid+ ,ge> ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican       
,indians4 ,by ,cl>k ,wissl]4 ,pp4 #a-ch1
 & #bg text figures4 #aiae4 ,price1     
4#ej4    ,,ii4 ,co/umes ( !             
,pla9s-,indians4 ,by ,cl>k ,wissi]4 ,pp4
 #da-ia1 & #bh text figures4 #aiae4     
,price1 4#ej4   ,,iii4 ,/ructural ,basis
 to ! ,decoration ( ,co/umes among !    

,pla9s ,indians4 ,by ,cl>k ,wissl]4 ,pp4
 #ic-aad1 & #ab text figures4 #aiaf4    
,price1 4#be4    ,,iv4 ,basketry ( !    
,papago & ,pima4 ,by ,m>y ,lois         
,kissell4 ,pp4 #aae-bfd1 & #ha text     
figures4 #aiaf4 ,price1 #a4ej4     ,v4  
7,9 prep>ation47   ,volume ,,xviii4     
,i4 ,zuni ,pot%]ds4 ,by ,a4 ,l4 ,kroeb]4
 ,pp4 #a-cg1 & #b text figures4 #aiaf4  
,price1 4#cj4    ,,ii4 7,9 prep>ation74 
,volume ,,xix4     ,i4 ,! ,:ale ,h\se ( 
! ,*ilkat4 ,by ,george ,t4 ,emmons4 ,pp4
 #a-cc4 ,plates ,i-,,iv1 & #f text      
figures4 #aiaf4 ,price1 #a4jj4    ,,ii4 
7,9 prep>ation74   ,! ,cosmos ,press1   
,cambridge1 ,massa*usetts