available by ,cornell ,university       
,digital ,collections47         ,,the   
,,international ,,magazine  ,of         
,literature1 ,art1 and ,science4  ,vol4 
,,iii4 ,,new-,,york1 ,,june #a1 #ahea4  
,no4 ,,iii4     ,,henry ,,william       
,,herbert1 ,,frank ,,forester4          
,illustration   ,we doubt whether the   
wood-engravers of this country have ever
 produced a finer portrait than the     
above of the author of ,the ,brothers1  
,cromwell1 ,marmaduke ,wyvil1 ,the      
,roman ,traitor1 ,the ,warwick          
,woodlands1 ,field ,sports1 ,fish and   
,fishing1 c41 c4 ,it is from one of the 
most successful daguerreotypes of       
,brady4  ,,henry ,,william ,,herbert is 
the eldest son of the late ,hon4 and    
,rev4 ,william ,herbert1 ,dean of       
,manchester1 and of the ,hon4 ,letitia  
,allen4 ,his father was the second son  
of the second ,earl of ,carnarvon1 who  
was of the nearest younger branch of the
 house of ,pembroke4 ,he was a member of
 ,parliament in the earlier part of his 

life1 and being a lawyer in ,doctors'   
,commons was largely employed on the    
part of ,american shipmasters previous  
to the war of #ahab4 ,at a later period 
he took orders1 became ,dean of         
,manchester1 was distinguished as a     
botanist1 and as the author of many     
eminent works1 especially ,attila1 an   
epic poem of great power and learning4  
,he died about three years ago4 ,his    
mother was the second daughter of       
,joshua1 second ,viscount ,allen1 of    
,kildare1 ,ireland1--closely connected  
with the house of ,leinster4  ,mr4      
,herbert was born in ,london on the     
seventh of ,april1 #ahjg2 he was        
educated at home under a private tutor  
till #ahai1 and then sent to a private  
school near ,brighton1 kept by the ,rev4
 ,dr4 ,hooker1 at which he remained one 
year he was then transferred to ,eton1  
and was at that school from ,april1     
#ahbj1 till the summer of #ahbe1 when he
 left for the university1 and entered   
,caius ,college1 ,cambridge1 in         

,october4 ,here he obtained two         
scholarships and several prizes1--though
 not a hard-reading man1 and spending   
much of his time in field sports--and he
 graduated in the winter of #ahbi-cj1   
with a distinguished reputation for     
talents and scholarship4 ,in ,november1 
#ahca1 he sailed from ,liverpool for    
,new ,york1 and for the last twenty     
years he has resided nearly all the time
 in this city and at his place near     
,newark in ,new ,jersey1 called the     
,cedars4  ,illustration  ,in #ahcb1 in  
connection with the late ,a4 ,d4        
,patterson1 he started ,the ,american   
,monthly ,magazine1 nearly one half the 
matter of which was composed by him4    
,after the first year ,mr4 ,patterson   
retired from it1 and during twelve      
months it was conducted by ,mr4 ,herbert
 alone4 ,on the conclusion of the second
 year it was sold to ,charles ,f4       
,hoffman1 ,mr4 ,herbert continuing to   
act as a joint editor4 ,at the          
commencement of the fourth year ,park   

,benjamin being associated in the       
editorship1 it was contemplated to      
introduce party politics into the work1 
and ,mr4 ,herbert in consequence        
declined further connection with it4    
,illustration  ,by this time ,mr4       
,herbert had made a brilliant reputation
 as a scholar and as an author4 ,in the 
,american ,monthly he had printed the   
first chapters of ,the ,brothers1 a     
,tale of the ,fronde1 and the entire    
novel was published by the ,harpers in  
#ahcd1 and so well received that the    
whole edition was sold in a few weeks4  
,in #ahcf and #ahcg he edited ,the      
,magnolia1 the first annual ever printed
 in ,america on the system of entire    
originality both of the literary matter1
 and of the embellishments1 which were  
all executed by ,american engravers from
 ,american designs4 ,a considerable     
portion of the matter for both years was
 furnished by ,mr4 ,herbert4 ,in #ahcg  
the ,harpers published his second novel1
 ,cromwell1 which did not sell so       

rapidly as ,the ,brothers1 though       
generally praised by the reviewers4 ,it 
#ahdj it was reprinted by ,colburn in   
,london1 and was eminently successful4  
,in #ahdc he published in ,new-,york and
 ,london his third novel1 ,marmaduke    
,wyvil1 or the ,maid's ,revenge1 a story
 of the ,english civil wars1 and in     
#ahdh the most splendid of his romances1
 ,the ,roman ,traitor1 founded on the   
history of ,cataline1 a work which must 
be classed with the most remarkable of  
those specimens of literary art in which
 it has been attempted to illustrate    
classical scenes1 characters1 and       
manners4  ,in romantic fiction1 besides 
the above works1 ,mr4 ,herbert has      
written for the magazines of this       
country and ,great ,britain tales and   
sketches sufficient to make twenty to   
thirty stout volumes4 ,the subjects of  
his best performances have been drawn   
from the middle ages and from southern  
,europe1 and they display besides very  
eminent capacities for the historical   

novel1 and a familiarity with the       
institutions of chivalry and with       
contemporary manners hardly equaled in  
any writer of the ,english language4    
,in #ahci ,mr4 ,herbert commenced in the
 ,new-,york ,turf ,register a series of 
papers1 under the signature of ,frank   
,forester1 from which have grown ,my    
,shooting ,box1 ,the ,warwick           
,woodlands1 ,field ,sports of the       
,united ,states and ,british ,provinces1
 and ,fish and ,fishing in the ,united  
,states and ,british ,provinces--works  
which by the general consent of the     
sporting world are second to none in    
their department1 in any of the         
qualities which should distinguish this 
sort of writing4 ,the principal         
distinction between these and all other 
sporting works lies in this1 that such  
works in general treat only of game in  
the field and flood1 and the modes of   
killing it1 while these are in great    
part natural histories1 containing      
minute and carefully digested accounts  

of every specie of game1 beast1 bird1   
and fish1 compiled from ,audubon1       
,wilson1 ,giraud1 ,godman1 ,agassiz1 ,de
 ,kay1 and other authorities1 besides   
long disquisitions into their habits1   
times of migration1 breeding1 c41 from  
the personal observation and experience 
of the author4 ,any person is at once   
enabled by them to distinguish between  
any two even closely allied species1 and
 to adopt the proper nomenclature1 with 
a knowledge of the reason for it4 ,the  
sporting precepts are admitted1         
throughout the western country          
especially1 to be superior to all       
others1 as well as the papers relating  
to the breaking and the kennel and field
 management of dogs1 c4 ,the same may be
 said of what he has written of guns and
 gunnery4 ,mr4 ,herbert has hunted1     
shot1 and fished during the last twenty 
years in every state of the ,union1 from
 ,maine to ,maryland1 south of the great
 lakes1 and from below ,quebec to the   
,sault ,st4 ,marie northward of them4   

,not having visited the southern or     
south western states1 the accounts of   
sporting in those regions are collected 
from the writings or oral communications
 of their best sportsmen1 and on these  
points much valuable new information1   
especially as to the prairie shooting   
and the sports of the ,rocky ,mountains1
 will be contained in the new edition of
 the ,field ,sports to appear in the    
coming autumn4  ,besides his            
contributions to romantic and sporting  
literature1 ,mr4 ,herbert has written   
largely in criticism1 he has done much  
as a poet1 and his capacities in        
classical scholarship have been         
illustrated by some of the finest       
examples of ,greek and ,latin           
translation that have appeared in our   
time4 ,in the aggregate his works would 
now make scarcely less than fifty octavo
 volumes4  ,as we have intimated1 the   
portrait at the beginning of this       
article is remarkably good4 ,mr4        
,herbert is about five feet ten high1 of

 athletic habits1 and an untiring and   
fast walker2 fond1 of course1 of all    
field sports1 especially horsemanship   
and shooting1 and priding himself upon  
killing as much if not more game than   
any other gentleman in the country out  
of ,new-,york4  ,illustration           
,,trenton ,,falls  ,illustration   ,in a
 story called ,edith ,linsey1 written by
 ,mr4 ,,willis1 soon after he left      
college1 occurs the following           
description of ,trenton ,falls3         
,trenton ,falls is rather a misnomer4 ,i
 scarcely know what      you would call 
it1 but the wonder of nature which bears
 the      name is a tremendous torrent1 
whose bed1 for several miles1      is   
sunk fathoms deep into the earth--a     
roaring and dashing      stream1 so far 
below the surface of the forest in which
 it      is lost1 that you would think1 
as you come suddenly upon the      edge 
of its long precipice1 that it was a    
river in some      inner world 7coiled  
within ours1 as we in the outer circle  

of the firmament17 and laid open by some
 ,titanic throe that      had cracked   
clear asunder the crust of this 'shallow
 earth4'      ,the idea is rather       
assisted if you happen to see below you1
      on its abysmal shore1 a party of  
adventurous travellers2      for1 at    
that vast depth1 and in contrast with   
the gigantic      trees and rocks1 the  
same number of well-shaped pismires1    
dressed in the last fashions1 and       
philandering upon your      parlor      
floor1 would be about of their apparent 
size and      distinctness4       ,they 
showed me at ,eleusis the well by which 
,proserpine      ascends to the regions 
of day on her annual visit to the       
plains of ,thessaly--but with the genius
 loci at my elbow      in the shape of a
 ,greek girl as lovely as ,phryne1 my   
memory      reverted to the bared axle  
of the earth in the bed of this         
,american river1 and ,i was persuaded   
7looking the while at      the feroniere
 of gold sequins on the ,phidian        

forehead of      my ,katinka7 that      
supposing ,hades in the centre of the   
earth1      you are nearer to it by some
 fathoms at ,trenton4 ,i confess ,i     
have had1 since my first descent into   
those depths1 an      uncomfortable     
doubt of the solidity of the globe--how 
the      deuse it can hold together with
 such a crack in its bottom6       ,it  
was a night to play ,endymion1 or do any
 ,tomfoolery that      could be laid to 
the charge of the moon1 for a more      
omnipresent and radiant atmosphere of   
moonlight never      sprinkled the      
wilderness with silver4 ,it was a night 
in      which to wish it might never be 
day again--a night to be      enamored  
of the stars1 and bid ,god bless them   
like human      creatures on their      
bright journey--a night to love in1 to  
dissolve in--to do every thing but what 
night is made      for--sleep6 ,oh      
heaven6 when ,i think how precious is   
life in      such moments2 how the      
aroma--the celestial bloom and flower   

of the soul--the yearning and           
fast-perishing enthusiasm of            
youth--waste themselves in the solitude 
of such nights on      the senseless and
 unanswering air2 when ,i wander alone1 
unloving and unloved1 beneath influences
 that could inspire      me with the    
elevation of a seraph1 were ,i at the   
ear of a      human creature that could 
summon forth and measure my             
limitless capacity of devotion--when ,i 
think this1 and feel      this1 and so  
waste my existence in vain yearnings--,i
 could      extinguish the divine spark 
within me like a lamp on an             
unvisited shrine1 and thank ,heaven for 
an assimilation to      the animals ,i  
walk among6 ,and that is the substance  
of a      speech ,i made to ,job as a   
sequitur of a well-meant remark of      
his own1 that 'it was a pity ,edith     
,linsey was not there4' ,he      took   
the clause about the 'animals' to       
himself1 and ,i made      an apology for
 the same a year after4 ,we sometimes   

give our      friends1 quite innocently1
 such terrible knocks in our            
rhapsodies6       ,most people talk of  
the sublimity of ,trenton1 but ,i have  
haunted it by the week together for its 
mere loveliness4 ,the      river1 in the
 heart of that fearful chasm1 is the    
most      varied and beautiful          
assemblage of the thousand forms and    
shapes of running water that ,i know in 
the world4 ,the soil      and the       
deep-striking roots of the forest       
terminate far      above you1 looking   
like a black rim on the inclosing       
precipices2 the bed of the river and its
 sky-sustaining      walls are of solid 
rock1 and1 with the tremendous descent  
of      the stream--forming for miles   
one continuous succession of      falls 
and rapids--the channel is worn into    
curves and      cavities which throw the
 clear waters into forms of             
inconceivable brilliancy and variety4   
,it is a sort of half      twilight     
below1 with here and there a long beam  

of sunshine      reaching down to kiss  
the lip of an eddy or form a rainbow    
over a fall1 and the reverberating and  
changing echoes3--          ,like a ring
 of bells whose sound the wind still    
alters1       maintain a constant and   
most soothing music1 varying at         
every step with the varying phase of the
 current4 ,cascades      of from twenty 
to thirty feet1 over which the river    
flies      with a single and hurrying   
leap 7not a drop missing from the       
glassy and bending sheet71 occur        
frequently as you ascend2      and it is
 from these that the place takes its    
name4 ,but the      falls1 though       
beautiful1 are only peculiar from the   
dazzling      and unequaled rapidity    
with which the waters come to the       
leap4 ,if it were not for the leaf which
 drops wavering down      into the abysm
 from trees apparently painted on the   
sky1 and      which is caught away by   
the flashing current as if the          
lightning had suddenly crossed it1 you  

would think the vault      of the       
steadfast heavens a flying element as   
soon4 ,the spot      in that long gulf  
of beauty that ,i best remember is a    
smooth      descent of some hundred     
yards1 where the river in full and      
undivided volume skims over a plane as  
polished as a table      of scagliola1  
looking1 in its invisible speed1 like   
one      mirror of gleaming but         
motionless crystal4 ,just above1 there  
is a sudden turn in the glen which sends
 the water like a      catapult against 
the opposite angle of the rock1 and1 in 
the      action of years1 it has worn   
out a cavern of unknown depth1      into
 which the whole mass of the river      
plunges with the      abandonment of a  
flying fiend into hell1 and1 reappearing
      like the angel that has pursued   
him1 glides swiftly but with      divine
 serenity on its way4 7,i am indebted   
for that last      figure to ,job1 who  
travelled with a ,milton in his pocket1 
and had a natural redolence of          

',paradise ,lost' in his                
conversation47       ,much as ,i detest 
water in small quantities 7to drink71 ,i
      have a hydromania in the way of   
lakes1 rivers1 and      waterfalls4 ,it 
is1 by much1 the belle in the family of 
the      elements4 ,earth is never      
tolerable unless disguised in           
green4 ,air is so thin as only to be    
visible when she      borrows drapery of
 water2 and ,fire is so staringly bright
      as to be unpleasant to the        
eyesight2 but water6 soft1 pure1        
graceful water6 there is no shape into  
which you can throw      her that she   
does not seem lovelier than before4 ,she
 can      borrow nothing of her sisters4
 ,earth has no jewels in her      lap so
 brilliant as her own spray pearls and  
emeralds2 ,fire      has no rubies like 
what she steals from the sunset2 ,air   
has      no robes like the grace of her 
fine-woven and ever-changing            
drapery of silver4 ,a health 7in wine67 
to ,,water6  ,illustration       ,who is

 there that did not love some stream in 
his youth8      ,who is there in whose  
vision of the past there does not       
sparkle up1 from every picture of       
childhood1 a spring or a      rivulent  
woven through the darkened and torn woof
 of first      affections like a thread 
of unchanged silver8 ,how do you        
interpret the instinctive yearning with 
which you search for      the river-side
 or the fountain in every scene of      
nature--the      clinging unaware to the
 river's course when a truant in the    
fields in ,june--the dull void you find 
in every landscape of      which it is  
not the ornament and the centre8 ,for   
myself1 ,i      hold with the ,greek3   
,water is the first principle of all    
things3 we were made from it and we     
shall be resolved into      it4         
,illustration  ,of subsequent visits to 
this loveliest of spots1 years after1   
,mr4 ,willis has given descriptions in  
letters addressed to ,general ,morris   
for publication in the ,home ,journal1  

and we are soon to have from ,putnam in 
a beautiful volume all that he has      
written on the subject1 together with   
notices of the manner in which he       
enjoyed himself at ,mr4 ,moore's        
delightful hotel at the ,falls1 which is
 represented as farthest of all summer  
resorts from the turmoil of the world   
and nearest of all to the gates of      
,paradise4 ,we borrow from these letters
 a few characteristic and tempting      
paragraphs3       ,i was here twenty    
years ago1 but the fairest things slip  
easiest out of the memory1 and ,i had   
half forgotten ,trenton4      ,to tell  
the truth1 ,i was a little ashamed1 to  
compare the      faded and shabby       
picture of it in my mind with the       
reality      before me1 and if the      
waters of the ,falls had been1 by any   
likelihood1 the same that flowed over   
when ,i was here      before1 ,i should 
have looked them in the face1 ,i think1 
with      something of the embarrassment
 with which one meets1                  

half-rememberingly1 after years of      
separation1 the ladies      one has     
vowed to love for ever4       ,the      
peculiarity of ,trenton ,falls1 ,i      
fancy1 consists a good      deal in the 
space in which you are compelled to see 
them4      ,you walk a few steps from   
the hotel through the wood1 and         
come to a descending staircase of a     
hundred steps1 the      different bends 
of which are so over-grown with wild    
shrubbery1 that you cannot see the      
ravine till you are      fairly down    
upon its rocky floor4 ,your path hence1 
up to the      first ,fall1 is along a  
ledge cut out of the base of the        
cliff that overhangs the torrent1 and   
when you go to the      foot of the     
descending sheet1 you find yourself in  
very      close quarters with a         
cataract--rocky walls all round         
you--and the appreciation of power and  
magnitude1 perhaps1      somewhat       
heightened by the confinement of the    
place--as a      man would have a much  

more realizing sense of a live lion1    
shut up with him in a basement parlor1  
than he would of the      same object1  
seen from an elevated and distant point 
of      view4       ,the usual walk     
7through this deep cave open at the top7
 is      about half a mile in length1   
and its almost subterranean      river1 
in that distance1 plunges over four     
precipices in      exceedingly beautiful
 cascades4 ,on the successive rocky     
terraces between the falls1 the torrent 
takes every variety      of rapids and  
whirlpools1 and1 perhaps1 in all the    
scenery      of the world1 there is no  
river1 which1 in the same space1        
presents so many of the various shapes  
and beauties of      running and falling
 water4 ,the ,indian name of the stream 
7the ,kanata1 which means the amber     
river7 expresses one of      its        
peculiarities1 and1 probably from the   
depth of shade      cast by the two dark
 and overhanging walls 'twixt which it  
flows1 the water is everywhere of a     

peculiarly rich lustre      and color1  
and1 in the edges of one or two of the  
cascades1      as yellow as gold4       
,artists1 in drawing this river1 fail1  
somehow1 in giving the impression of    
deep-down-itude which      is produced  
by the close approach of the two lofty  
walls of      rock1 capped by the       
overleaning woods1 and with the sky     
apparently resting1 like a ceiling1 upon
 the leafy      architraves4444 ,if     
there were truly1 as the poets say      
figuratively1 worlds within worlds1 this
 would look as      if an earthquake had
 cracked open the outer globe1 and      
exposed1 through the yawning fissure1   
one of the rivers of      the globe     
below--the usual underground level of   
down among      the dead men1 being1 as 
you walk upon its banks1 between        
you and the daylight4       ,considering
 the amount of surprise and pleasure    
which one      feels in a walk up the   
ravine at ,trenton1 it is remarkable    
how little one finds to say about it1   

the day after4 ,is it      that mere    
scenery1 without history1 is enjoyable  
without      being suggestive1 or1 amid 
the tumult of the rushing torrent       
at one's feet1 is the milk of thought   
too much agitated for      the cream to 
rise8 ,i fancied yesterday1 as ,i rested
 on the      softest rock ,i could find 
at the upper end of the ravine1         
that ,i should tumble you out a letter  
to-day1 with ideas      pitching forth  
like saw-logs over a waterfall2 but my  
memory      has nothing in it to-day but
 the rocks and rapids it took           
in--the talent wrapped in its napkin of 
delight remaining in      unimproved    
statu-quo-sity4 ,one certainly gets the 
impression1 while the sight and hearing 
are so overwhelmed1      that one's mind
 is famously at work1 and that we shall 
hear      from it to-morrow2 but it is  
,jean ,paul1 ,i think1 who says         
that 'the mill makes the most noise when
 there is no grist      in the hopper4' 
,we have had the full of the moon and a 

cloudless sky for      the last two or  
three nights1 and of course we have     
walked      the ravine till the 'small  
hours1' seeing with wonder the          
transforming effects of moonlight and   
its black shadows on      the falls and 
precipices4 ,i have no idea 7you will be
 glad      to know7 of trying to        
reproduce these sublimities on          
paper--at least not with my travelling  
stock of verbs and      adjectives4 ,to 
'sandwich the moon in a muffin1' one    
must      have time and a ladder of     
dictionaries4 ,but one or two           
effects struck me which perhaps are     
worth briefly naming1      and ,i will  
throw into the lot a poetical figure1   
which you      may use in your next     
song4444       ,the fourth ,fall1 7or   
the one that is flanked by the ruins    
of a saw-mill7 is1 perhaps1 a hundred   
feet across2 and its      curve over the
 upper rock and its break upon the lower
 one1      form two parallel lines1 the 
water everywhere falling the      same  

distance with the evenness of an        
artificial cascade4      ,the stream not
 being very full1 just now1 it came     
over1 in      twenty or thirty places1  
thicker than elsewhere2 and the         
effect1 from a distance1 as the         
moonlight lay full upon it1      was    
that of twenty or thirty immovable      
marble columns      connected by        
transparent curtains of falling lace1   
and with      bases in imitation of     
foam4 ,now it struck me that this might 
suggest a new and fanciful order of     
architecture1 suitable      at least to 
the structure of green-houses1 the glass
 roofs      of which are curved over and
 slope to the ground with very      much
 the contour of a waterfall4444         
,subterranean as this foaming river     
looks by day1 it looks      like a river
 in cloud-land by night4 ,the side of   
the ravine      which is in shadow1 is  
one undistinguishable mass of black1    
with its wavy upper edge in strong      
relief against the sky1      and1 as the

 foaming stream catches the light from  
the      opposite and moonlit side1 it  
is outlined distinctly on its      bed  
of darkness1 and seems winding its way  
between hills of      clouds1 half      
black1 half luminous4 ,below1 where all 
is deep      shadow except the river1   
you might fancy it a silver mine        
laid open to your view amid subterranean
 darkness by the      wand of an        
enchanter1 or 7if you prefer a military 
trope1 my      dear ,general71 a long   
white plume laid lengthwise between     
the ridges of a cocked hat4             
,illustration     ,,new ,,proof ,,of    
,,the ,,earth',s ,,rotation4   ,the     
earth does move1 notwithstanding1       
whispered ,galileo1 leaving the dungeon 
of the ,inquisition3 by which he meant  
his friends to understand1 that if the  
earth did move1 the fact would remain so
 in spite of his punishment4 ,but a less
 orthodox assembly than the conclave of 
,cardinals might have been staggered by 
the novelty of the new philosophy4      

,according to ,laplace1 the apparent    
diurnal phenomena of the heavens would  
be the same either from the revolution  
of the sun or the earth2 and more than  
one reason made strongly in favor of the
 prevalent opinion that the earth1 not  
the sun1 was stationary4 ,first1 it was 
most agreeable to the impression of the 
senses2 and next1 to disbelieve in the  
fixity of the solid globe1 was not only 
to eject from its pride of place our    
little planet1 but to disturb the       
long-cherished sentiment that we        
ourselves are the centre--the be-all and
 end-all of the universe4 ,however1 the 
truth will out2 and this is its great   
distinction from error1 that while every
 new discovery adds to its strength1    
falsehood is weakened and at last driven
 from the field4 ,that the earth        
revolves round the sun1 and rotates on  
its polar axis1 have long been the      
settled canons of our system4 ,but the  
rotation of the earth has been rendered 
visible by a practical demonstration1   

which has drawn much attention in ,paris
 and ,london1 and is beginning to excite
 interest in this country4 ,the inventor
 is ,m4 ,foucault2 and the following    
description has been given of the mode  
of proof3       ,at the centre of the   
dome of the ,pantheon a fine wire is    
attached1 from which a sphere of metal1 
four or five inches      in diameter1 is
 suspended so as to hang near the floor 
of      the building4 ,this apparatus is
 put in vibration after the      manner 
of a pendulum4 ,under and concentrical  
with it is      placed a circular table1
 some twenty feet in diameter1 the      
circumference of which is divided into  
degrees1 minutes1      c41 and the      
divisions numbered4 ,now1 supposing the 
earth to      have the diurnal motion   
imputed to it1 and which explains       
the phenomena of day and night1 the     
plane in which this      pendulum       
vibrates will not be affected by this   
motion1 but      the table1 over which  
the pendulum is suspended1 will         

continually change its position1 in     
virtue of the diurnal      motion1 so as
 to make a complete revolution round its
      centre4 ,since1 then1 the table   
thus revolves1 and the      pendulum    
which vibrates over it does not revolve1
 the      consequence is1 that a line   
traced upon the table by a point        
projecting from the bottom of the ball  
will change its      direction          
relatively to the table from minute to  
minute and      from hour to hour1 so   
that if such point were a pencil1 and   
that paper were spread upon the table1  
the course formed by      this pencil   
would form a system of lines radiating  
from the      centre of the table4 ,the 
practised eye of a correct              
observer1 especially if aided by a      
proper optical      instrument1 may     
actually see the motion which the table 
has      in common with the earth1 under
 the pendulum between two               
successive vibrations4 ,it is1 in fact1 
apparent that the      ball1 or rather  

the point attached to the bottom of the 
ball1 does not return precisely to the  
same point of the      circumference of 
the table after two successive          
vibrations4      ,thus is rendered      
visible the motion which the table has  
in      common with the earth4  ,crowds 
are said to flock daily to the ,pantheon
 to witness this interesting experiment4
 ,it has been successfully repeated by  
,professor ,ansted at the ,russell      
,institution1 in ,london1 in a manner   
similar to the experiment at the        
,pantheon at ,paris4 ,the wire1 which   
suspended a weight of twenty-eight      
pounds1 was of the size of the middle   
,c-string of a piano4 ,it was thirty    
feet long1 and vibrated over a graduated
 table fixed to the floor4 ,the rotation
 of the table1 implying that of the     
earth on which it rested1 was visible in
 about five minutes1 and the wonderful  
spectacle was presented of the rotation 
of the room round the pendulum4 ,the    
experiment excited the astonishment of  

every beholder1 and many eminent        
scientific gentlemen who were present   
expressed their great delight in        
witnessing a phenomenon which they      
considered the most satisfactory they   
had witnessed in the whole course of    
their lives4  ,although nothing1 to     
minds capable of comprehending it1 can  
add to the force or clearness of the    
demonstration by which the rotation of  
the earth has been established1 yet even
 the natural philosopher himself cannot 
regard the present experiment without   
feelings of profound interest and       
satisfaction2 and to the great mass1 to 
whom the complicated physical phenomena 
by which the rotation of the earth has  
been established are incomprehensible1  
,m4 ,foucault's very ingenious          
illustration is invaluable4  ,a         
correspondent of the ,newark ,daily     
,advertiser appears to have anticipated 
the experiment of ,m4 ,foucault1        
suspending a fifty-six pound weight by a
 small wire from the rafters of a barn4 

,but however simple and conclusive the  
illustration1 it should be attempted    
only by scientific men4 ,professor      
,sylvester1 writing to the ,times1 of   
experiments made in ,london1 says3      
,the experiments connected with the     
practical demonstration      of the     
phenomenon require to be conducted with 
great care2      and some discredit has 
been brought upon attempts to           
illustrate it in ,england by persons who
 have not taken the      necessary      
precautions to protect the motion from  
the      excentric deviation to which it
 is liable1 and which may1      and     
indeed must1 have the effect of causing1
 in some cases1      an apparent        
failure1 and in others a still more     
unfortunate1      because fallacious1   
success4 ,i believe1 from the character 
of the persons connected with the       
experiments1 that the true              
phenomenon has been accurately produced 
and observed in      ,paris4 ,i doubt   
whether as much can be said1 with entire

      confidence1 of any of the         
experiments hitherto performed      here
 in ,london4       ,any want of symmetry
 in the arrangements for the suspension 
of the wire1 or in the centering of the 
weight1 exposure to      currents of    
air1 or the tremulous motion occasioned 
by the      passage of vehicles1 may    
operate to cause a phenomenon to      be
 brought about curious enough in itself1
 as a result of      mathematical laws1 
but quite different from that supposed4 
,the phenomenon of the progression of   
the apsides of an oval      orbit1 which
 is here alluded to1 is familiar to all 
students      in mechanics4       ,it is
 perfectly absurd for persons           
unacquainted with      mechanical and   
geometrical science to presume to make  
the      experiment4 ,indeed1 such      
efforts deserve rather the name of      
conjuring than of experiment2 but in    
this1 as in many other      matters of  
life1 it is true that fools rush in     
where angels      fear to tread4        

,perhaps the too hasty rush at the      
experimental verification of ,foucault's
 law may account for      some persons  
in ,england1 whose opinions when given  
with due      deliberation are entitled 
to respect1 having allowed              
themselves to express doubts 7which ,i  
understand1 however1      have been     
since retracted7 as to the truth of the 
law      itself4 ,in ,paris there was no
 difference of opinion among      such  
men as ,lame1 ,poinsol1 ,binet1         
,leonville1 ,sturm1 ,chasles1           
,bruvues1 ,i believe ,arago1 ,hermite1  
and many others with whom      ,i       
conversed on the subject1 except as to  
the best mode of      making the theory 
popularly intelligible4  ,explanations  
will be necessary from lecturers and    
others who give imitations of ,m4       
,foucault's ingenuity to render it      
intelligible to those unacquainted with 
mathematics1 or with the laws of gravity
 and spherical motion4 ,for instance1 it
 will not be readily understood by every

 one why the pendulum should vibrate in 
the same plane1 and not partake of the  
earth's rotation in common with the     
table2 but this could be shown with a   
bullet suspended by a silkworm's thread4
 ,next1 the apparent horizontal         
revolution of the table round its centre
 will be incomprehensible to many1 as   
representative of its own and the       
earth's motion round its axis4          
,doubtless we shall soon have public    
exhibitions of the demonstration in all 
our cities4  ,the pendulum is indeed an 
extraordinary instrument1 and has been a
 useful handmaid to science4 ,we are    
familiar with it as the time-regulator  
of our clocks1 and the ease with which  
they may be made to go faster or slower 
by adjusting its length4 ,but neither   
this nor the ,pantheon elucidation      
constitutes its sole application4 ,by it
 the latitude may be approximately      
ascertained1 the density of the earth's 
strata in different places1 and its     
elliptical eccentricity of figure4 ,the 

noble ,florentine already quoted was its
 inventor2 and it is related of         
,galileo1 while a boy1 that he was the  
first to observe how the height of the  
vaulted roof of a church might be       
measured by the times of the vibration  
of the chandeliers suspended at         
different altitudes4 ,were the earth    
perforated from ,london to our          
antipodes1 and the air exhausted1 a ball
 dropped through would at the centre    
acquire a velocity sufficient to carry  
it to the opposite side1 whence it would
 again descend1 and so oscillate forward
 and backwards from one side of the     
globe's surface to the other in the     
manner of a pendulum4 ,very likely1 the 
,cardinals of the ,vatican would deem   
this heresy1 or flat blasphemy4         
,illustration     ,,the ,,butchers'     
,,leap ,,at ,,munich4   ,a correspondent
 of the ,london ,athenaeum1 writing from
 ,munich1 gives the following account of
 the festival of the ,butchers' ,leap in
 the ,fountain3 ,this strange           

ceremonial1 like the ,schaeffler ,tanz1 
is said to have its origin in the time  
of the plague4 ,while the ,coopers      
danced with garlands and music through  
the streets1 the ,butchers sprang into  
the fountain in the market-place1 to    
show their fellow-citizens that its     
water was no longer to be dreaded as    
poisoned4 ,perhaps they were the        
,sanitary ,commissioners of those days2 
and by bathing themselves in the water  
and dashing it about on the crowd would 
teach the true means of putting         
pestilence to flight4       ,though the 
,coopers' ,dance takes place only once  
in seven      years1 the ,butchers'     
,leap occurs annually1 and always on    
,fasching ,montag1--the ,monday before  
,shrove ,tuesday4 ,i      believe the   
ceremony is of great importance to the  
trade of      the ,butchers2 as certain 
privileges granted to them are          
annually renewed at this time1 and in   
connection with the      ,leap4 ,these  
two ceremonies--of the ,coopers' ,dance 

and the      ,butchers' ,leap--are now  
almost the last remains of the          
picturesque and quaint customs of old   
,munich4       ,the ,butchers commence  
proceedings by attending ,high ,mass in 
,st4 ,peter's ,church1--close to the    
,schrannien ,platz1 or                  
market-place1 in which the fountain is  
situated4 ,it is a      desolate-looking
 church1 this ,st4 ,peter's1 as seen    
from      without1--old1 decaying1 and  
ugly2 within1 tawdry      and--though   
not desolate and decaying--ugly4 ,from  
staringly      white walls frown down on
 the spectator torture-pictures1        
alternating with huge gilt images of    
sentimental saints in      clumsy       
drapery4 ,the altars are masses of      
golden clouds and      golden cherubs4  
,music1 as from the orchestra of a      
theatre rather than from      the choir 
of a church1 greeted us as we entered4  
,the      ,butchers were just passing   
out4 ,we caught glimpses of      scarlet
 coats2 and saw two huge silver flagons1

 covered with      a very panoply of    
gold and silver medals1 borne aloft by  
pompous officials clothed in scarlet4   
,having watched the                     
procession--some half-dozen tiny        
butchers' sons1 urchins of      five and
 six years old1 with rosy1 round faces  
and chubby      hands1 mounted on       
stalwart horses and dressed in little   
scarlet coats1 top-boots1 and jaunty    
green velvet      hats--seven butchers' 
apprentices1 the ,leapers of the day1   
also dressed in scarlet and mounted on  
horseback--the      musicians1--the long
 train of master-butchers and journeymen
      in long dark cloaks and with huge 
nosegays in their      hats--and the    
scarlet officials bearing the decorated 
flagons1--having watched1 ,i say1 all   
these good folk wend      their way in  
long procession up the narrow street    
leading      from the church1 and seen  
them cross the market-place in the      
direction of the ,palace1 where they are
 awaited by the      ,king1--let us look

 around1 and notice the features of the 
market-place3--for it is1 in fact1 a    
quaint old bit of the      city1 and    
well worth a glimpse4       ,if ,i love 
the ,ludwig ,strasse as the most        
beautiful portion      of the new       
,munich1 ,i almost equally love the     
,schrannien      ,platz as about the    
quaintest part of old ,munich4 ,it is   
long      and narrow as a market-place1 
but wide as a street4 ,the      houses  
are old2 many of them very handsome1 and
 rich with      ornamental              
stucco-work1--          ',all garlanded 
with carven imageries         ,of fruit 
and flowers and bunches of knot-grass4' 
,the roofs are steep1 red tiled1 and    
perforated with rows of      little     
pent-house windows4 ,the fronts of the  
houses are of      all imaginable pale  
tints1--stone colors1 pinks1 greens1    
greys1 and tawnies4 ,three of the four  
corners of the      market-place are    
adorned with tall pepper-box towers1    
with      domed roofs and innumerable   

narrow windows4 ,at one end is      the 
fountain2 and in the centre a heavy1 but
 quaint      shrine1--a column          
supporting a gilt figure of the         
,madonna4      ,the eye wanders down    
various picturesque streets which open  
into the market-place2 and on one hand1 
above steep roofs1      gaze down the   
two striking red-brick towers of the    
,frauen      ,kirche--the cathedral of  
,munich3--those two red towers          
which are seen in all views of this     
city1 and which belong      as much to  
,munich as the dome of ,st4 ,paul's does
 to the city      of ,london1--those    
towers which in the haze of sunset are  
frequently transformed into             
violet-tinted columns1 or about         
which in autumn and winter mists cling  
with a strange      dreariness as if    
they were desolate mountain peaks6      
,but the quaintest feature of all in the
 ,schrannien ,platz is      a sort of   
arcade which runs around it4 ,here1     
beneath the low      and massy arches1  

are crowded thick upon each other a host
      of small shops4 ,what queer1 dark 
little cells they are1--yet      how    
picturesque6 ,here is a dealer in       
crucifixes1--next to      him a         
woollen-draper1 displaying bright       
striped woollen      goods for the      
peasants1--then a general dealer1 with  
heaps      and bundles and tubs and     
chests containing every thing most      
heterogeneous1--and next to him a dealer
 in pipes4 ,there are      bustle and   
gloom always beneath these heavy low    
arches1--but      they present a        
glorious bit of picturesque life4 ,there
 are      queer wooden booths1 too1     
along one portion of the                
,schrannien ,platz where it rather      
narrows1 losing its      character of   
market-place1 and descending to that of 
an      ordinary street4 ,but the booths
 do not degenerate in their             
picturesque character4 ,the earthenware 
booths--of which      there are         
several--are truly delicious4 ,such rows

 and piles      of dark green1 orange1  
ruddy chocolate-brown1 sea-green1       
pale yellow1 and deep blue and grey     
vessels of all forms and      sizes--all
 quaint1 all odd--jugs1 flagons1        
pipkins1 queer      pots with huge lids1
 queer tripods for which ,i know no     
name--things which always seem to me to 
come out of a      witch's kitchen1 but 
by means of which ,i suspect that my own
      dinner is cooked every day4 ,all  
these heaps of crockery lie      about  
the doors1 and load the windows of the  
wooden booths1      and line shelves and
 shelves within the gloom of the little 
shops themselves4 ,when ,i first came   
here these old crockery      shops were 
a more frequent study to me than any    
thing else      in the old town4        
,we ascended a steep1 narrow staircase  
leading out of this      arcade into one
 of the houses above it1 from which we  
were      to witness the leaping into   
the fountain4 ,i looked out of      the 
window on the crowd that began to       

collect around the      fountain1 and   
noticed the tall roofs and handsome     
fronts of      the houses opposite1 and 
the crowd of pigeons--scores and        
scores of pigeons--assembled just       
opposite the fountain on      the edge  
of the steep roof which rose like a red 
hill-side      behind them4 ,they seemed
 solemnly met to witness the great      
festivities about to be celebrated1 and 
sat in silent      expectation brooding 
in the sunshine4 ,then1 ,i wondered what
      attraction the icy water could    
have for the children who      leaned   
over the fountain's side--dabbling in   
the water as      though it had been    
midsummer4 ,the crowd increased and     
increased2 and seven new white buckets  
were brought and      placed on a broad 
plank which extended across one side of 
the fountain basin4       ,a shout from 
the crowd announced the arrival of the  
,butchers4 ,first of all came the tender
 ,butcher-infants1 in      scarlet      
coats1 top-boots1 and green velvet hats1

 borne in      the arms of their fathers
 through the crowd in order that        
they might witness the fun4 ,then       
followed the scarlet                    
officials3--and then came seven of the  
queerest beasts man      ever set eyes  
on4 ,what were they1 if human8 ,were    
they seven      ,esquimaux chiefs1 or   
seven ,african mumbo-jumbos8 ,they were 
the heroes of the day--the seven        
,butcher-apprentices1      clothed in   
fur caps and garments--covered from     
shoulder to      heel with hundreds of  
dangling calves' tails--red1 white1     
black1 dun6       ,you may imagine the  
shouts that greeted them1--the peels of 
laughter4 ,up they sprang on the broad  
plank1--leaping1      dancing1 making   
their tails fly round like trundled     
mops4      ,the crowd roared with       
laughter4 ,a stately scarlet            
official--a butcher 7,altgesell7--stands
 beside them on the      plank4 ,ten    
times they drink the health of the royal
 family      and prosperity to the      

butchers' craft4 ,the ,altgesell then   
striking many blows on the shoulder of  
the nearest      apprentice1 frees him  
and all the remaining six from their    
indentures4 ,they are henceforth        
full-grown butchers4 ,then1      they   
plunge into the very centre of the      
fountain with a      tremendous splash4 
,the crowd shout1--the startled pigeons 
wheel in wild alarm above the heads and 
laughter of the      crowd4 ,the seven  
,tritons dash torrents of water on the  
multitude1--who fly shrieking and       
laughing before the      deluge4 ,the   
seven buckets are plied with untiring   
arms2--lads are enticed within aim by   
showers of nuts flung      by the       
',leapers1' and then are drenched to the
 skin4 ,it is a      bewilderment of    
water1 flying calves' tails1 pelting    
nuts1      and shrieking urchins4       
,the ',leapers' then ascend out of their
 bath1--shake      themselves like      
shaggy dogs1--have white cloths pinned  
round      their necks as though they   

were going to be shaved1--and      have 
very grand medals hung round their necks
 suspended by      gaudy ribbons4       
,the procession retires across the      
market-place to its      ',herberge1'   
and the crowd disperses1--but disperses 
only      to re-assemble in various     
public-houses for the merriment of      
the afternoon and night4 ,that night and
 the next day are      'the maddest1    
merriest of all the year4' ,music is    
every      where--dancing every where4  
,it is the end of the ,carnival4        
,ash ,wednesday comes1--and then1 all is
 gloom4     ,,neglect ,,of ,,the        
,,preservation ,,of ,,egyptian          
,,antiquities4   ,a writer in the       
,london ,athenaeum1 writing from        
,alexandria1 endeavors to convince those
 who profess an interest in ,egyptian   
antiquities1 that if their present      
neglect continues1 nothing will remain  
of the stupendous relics now lying over 
the land1 but a quantity of pulverized  
fragments4 ,the colossal statue at      

,memphis1 said to belong to the ,british
 ,museum1 for years depended on the     
precarious protection of an old ,arab   
woman1 who was continually expecting and
 claiming a small salary of five or six 
pounds per annum as guardian4 ,she      
received about so much from a variety of
 consuls1 for a time1 but the payment   
was at last discontinued1 and1 from what
 was told her1 she based her hopes on   
the learned or the powerful in ,england4
 ,but the learned and the powerful      
never1 ,i suppose1 says the writer1     
heard of her1 and she died1 leaving the 
statue in charge of her son1 who1 in his
 turn1 seems to live in hope4 ,there is 
little prospect of his getting any      
thing1 however2 and very probably1 in   
spite of his unrewarded zeal1 the       
magnificent statue--by far the finest in
 ,egypt--will ere long be burnt for     
lime4 ,the neighboring pyramid of       
,dashour is being1 as ,i have already   
said1 worked as a quarry1 and ,i shall  
be very much surprised if this handy    

block of stone escape notice4 ,he       
suggests the formation of a committee1  
consisting of the principal consuls and 
residents in ,egypt1 to watch over the  
preservation of the monuments of the    
country1 and to be supplied1 by         
governments or by the voluntary         
contributions of the learned1 with the  
funds necessary to pay guardians and    
inspectors4  ,a very valuable museum of 
,egyptian antiquities we believe is now 
on the way to the ,united ,states2 but  
it embraces no such great works as have 
been transported to ,rome and ,paris4   
,is it not worth while for the          
,new-,york merchants to set up in ,union
 or ,washington ,square1 the great      
statue of ,memphis8  ,or it would not be
 altogether inappropriate for the       
,smithsonian ,institution to have it    
imported into ,washington4 ,how much the
 diffusion of knowledge would be        
promoted by such a movement it is not   
easy to say3 but a figure of this kind  
on ,capitol ,hill would have such an    

effect on our eloquence6 and our        
juvenile poets could go there and in its
 shade invoke the presence of twenty    
centuries4     ,,henry ,,rowe           
,,schoolcraft4  ,illustration   ,mr4    
,schoolcraft is of ,english descent by  
the paternal side1 his great-grandfather
 having come from ,england during the   
wars of ,queen ,anne1 and settled in    
what is now ,schoharie county in        
,new-,york1 where in old age he taught  
the first ,english school in that part  
of the country1 from which circumstance 
his name was not unnaturally changed by 
the usage of the people from ,calcraft  
to ,schoolcraft4 ,our author recently   
attempted in his own person to revive   
the old family name1 but soon abandoned 
it1 and concluded to retain that which  
was begotten upon his native soil1 and  
by which he has long been so honorably  
distinguished4 ,he is a son of ,colonel 
,lawrence ,schoolcraft1 who joined the  
revolutionary army at seventeen years of
 age1 and participated in the movements 

under ,montgomery and ,schuyler1 and the
 memorable defence of ,fort ,stanwix    
under ,gansevoort4 ,he was born in      
,guilderland1 near ,albany1 on the      
twenty-eighth of ,march1 #agic4 ,in a   
secluded part of the country1 where     
there were few advantages for education1
 and scarce any persons who thought of  
literature1 he had an ardent love of    
knowledge1 and sat at home with his     
books and pencils while his equals in   
age were at cock-fights and horse-races1
 for which ,guilderland was then famous4
 ,he is still remembered by some of the 
octogenarians of the village as the     
learned boy4 ,at thirteen he drew       
subjects in natural history1 and        
landscapes1 which attracted the         
attention of the late                   
,lieutenant-,governor ,van ,rensselaer1 
then a frequent visitor of his father1  
through whose agency he came near being 
apprenticed to one ,ames1 the only      
portrait-painter at that time in        
,albany2 but as it was demanded that he 

should commence with house-painting the 
plan was finally abandoned4 ,at fourteen
 he began to contribute pieces in prose 
and verse to the newspapers1 and for    
several years after he pursued without  
aid the study of natural history1       
,english literature1 ,hebrew1 ,german1  
and ,french1 and the philosophy of      
language4  ,mr4 ,schoolcraft's first    
work was an elaborate treatise1 but     
partially known to the public1 entitled 
,vitreology1 which was published in     
#ahag4 ,the design of it was to exhibit 
the application of chemistry to the arts
 in the fusion of siliceous and alkaline
 substances in the production of        
enamels1 glass1 etc4 ,he had had        
opportunities of experimenting largely  
and freely by his position as conductor 
for a series of years of the extensive  
works of the ,ontario ,company at       
,geneva in ,new-,york1 the ,vermont     
,company at ,middlebury and ,salisbury  
in ,vermont1 and the foundry of crystal 
glass at ,keene in ,new ,hampshire4 ,in 

#ahah1 and the following year1 he made a
 geological survey of ,missouri and     
,arkansas to the spurs of the ,rocky    
,mountains1 and in the fall of #ahai    
published in ,new-,york his ,view of the
 ,lead ,mines of ,missouri1 which is    
said by ,professor ,silliman to have    
been the only elaborate and detailed    
account of a mining district in the     
,united ,states which had then appeared4
 ,it attracted much attention1 and      
procured for the author the friendship  
of many eminent men4 ,in the same year  
he printed ,transallegania1 a poetical  
jeu d'esprit of which mineralogy is the 
subject1 and which preceded some clever 
,english attempts in the same vein4 ,it 
was republished in ,london by ,sir      
,richard ,phillips in the next year4    
,early in #ahbj he published a ,journal 
of a ,tour in the ,interior of ,missouri
 and ,arkansas1 extending from ,potosi  
toward the ,rocky ,mountains4 ,his      
writings having attracted the notice of 
the government1 he was commissioned by  

,mr4 ,calhoun1 then ,secretary of ,war1 
to visit the copper region of ,lake     
,superior1 and to accompany ,general    
,cass in his expedition to the head     
waters of the ,mississippi4 ,his        
,narrative ,journal of this tour was    
published in #ahba1 and was eminently   
successful1 an edition of twelve hundred
 copies being sold in a few weeks4 ,in  
the same year he was appointed secretary
 to the commission for treating with the
 ,indian tribes at ,chicago1 and on the 
conclusion of his labors published his  
sixth work1 entitled ,travels in the    
,central ,portions of the ,mississippi  
,valley1 in which he described the      
country between the regions of which he 
had given an account in his previous    
works4 ,his reputation was now widely   
and firmly established as an explorer1  
and as a man of science and letters4    
,from this time his attention was       
devoted principally to the ,red ,race1  
though he still cultivated natural      
history1 and wrote occasionally for the 

reviews and magazines4  ,in #ahbb he was
 appointed by ,president ,monroe agent  
for ,indian ,affairs1 to reside at ,st4 
,mary's1 at the foot of ,lake ,superior4
 ,in the years #ahbe1 #ahbf1 and #ahbg1 
he attended the important convocations  
of the north-west tribes at ,prairie du 
,chien1 ,pont du ,lac1 and ,buttes des  
,morts4 ,in #ahca he was sent on a      
special embassy1 accompanied by troops1 
to conciliate the ,sioux and ,ojibwas1  
and bring the existing war between them 
to a close4 ,in #ahcb he proceeded in   
the same capacity to the tribes near the
 head waters of the ,mississippi1 and   
availed himself of the opportunity to   
trace that river1 in small canoes1 from 
the point where ,pike stopped in #ahjg  
and ,cass in #ahbj to its true source in
 ,itasca ,lake1 upon which he entered on
 the thirteenth of ,july1 the one       
hundred and forty-ninth anniversary of  
the discovery of the mouth of the river 
by ,la ,salle4 ,his account of this tour
 was published in ,new-,york in #ahcd1  

under the title of ,an ,expedition to   
,itasca ,lake1 and attracted much       
attention in all parts of the country4  
,from #ahbg to #ahca ,mr4 ,schoolcraft  
was a member of the legislative council 
of ,michigan4 ,in #ahbh he organized the
 ,michigan ,historical ,society1 in     
which he was elected president1 on the  
removal of ,general ,cass to            
,washington1 in #ahca4 ,in the fall of  
the same year he set on foot the ,algic 
,society at ,detroit1 before which he   
delivered a course of lectures on the   
grammatical construction of the ,indian 
languages1#a and at its first           
anniversary a poem on ,the ,indian      
,character4 ,guided by patriotism and   
good taste1 he took a successful stand  
in the west against the absurd          
nomenclature which has elsewhere made   
such confusion in geography by repeating
 over and over the names of ,european   
places and characters1 giving us ,romes1
 ,berlins1 and ,londons in the          
wilderness1 and ,hannibals1 ,scipios1   

,homers1 and ,hectors1 wherever there   
was sufficient learning to make its     
possessors ridiculous4 ,he submitted to 
the legislature of the territory a      
system of county and township names     
based upon the ,indian vocabularies with
 which he was familiar1 and happily     
secured its general adoption4  ,at      
,sault ,ste4 ,marie ,mr4 ,schoolcraft   
became acquainted with ,mr4 ,john       
,johnston1 a gentleman from the north of
 ,ireland1 who had long resided there1  
and in the person of his eldest daughter
 married a descendant of the hereditary 
chief of ,lake ,superior1 or ,lake      
,algoma1 as it is known to the ,indians4
 ,she had been educated in ,europe1 and 
was an accomplished and highly          
interesting woman4 ,after a residence   
there of eleven years he removed to     
,michilimackinac1 and assumed the joint 
agency of the two districts4 ,in #ahcf  
he was appointed by ,president ,jackson 
a commissioner to treat with the        
north-west tribes for their lands in the

 region of the upper lakes1 and         
succeeded in effecting a cession to the 
,united ,states of some sixteen millions
 of acres4 ,in the same year he was     
appointed acting ,superintendent of     
,indian ,affairs for the ,northern      
,department1 and in #ahci principal     
disbursing agent for the same district4 
,in the last mentioned year he published
 two volumes of ,algic ,researches1     
comprising ,indian ,tales and ,legends1 
and soon after1 having passed more than 
twenty years as a traveller or resident 
on the frontiers1 he removed to the city
 of ,new-,york1 intending to prepare for
 the press the great mass of his        
original papers which he had accumulated
 in this long period4 ,in #ahda he      
issued proposals for an ,indian         
,cyclopedia1 geographical1 historical1  
philological1 etc41 of which only one   
number was printed1 no publisher        
appearing willing to undertake so costly
 and extensive a work of such a         
description4 ,in #ahdb he visited       

,england1 ,france1 ,germany1 ,prussia1  
and ,holland4 ,during his absence his   
wife died1 at ,dundee1 in ,canada ,west1
 where she was visiting her sister4     
,soon after his return he made another  
journey to the west1 to examine some of 
the great mounds1 respecting which he   
has since communicated a paper to the   
,royal ,geographical ,society of        
,denmark1 of which he was many years ago
 elected an honorary member1 and soon   
after published a collection of his     
poetical writings1 under the title of   
,alhalla1 or the ,lord of ,talladega1 a 
,tale of the ,creek ,war1 with some     
miscellanies1 chiefly of early date4 ,in
 #ahdd he commenced in numbers the      
publication of ,oneota1 or the ,red     
,race in ,america1 their ,history1      
,traditions1 ,customs1 ,poetry1 ,picture
 ,writing1 etc41 in extracts from       
,notes1 ,journals1 and other unpublished
 writings1 of which one octavo volume   
has been completed4 ,in #ahde he        
delivered an address before a society   

known as the ,was-ah ,ho-de-no-sonne1 or
 ,new ,confederacy of the ,iroquois1 and
 published ,observations on the ,grave  
,creek ,mound in ,western ,virginia1 in 
the ,transactions of the ,american      
,ethnological ,society2 and early in the
 following year presented in the form of
 a ,report to the legislature of his    
native state1 his ,notes on the         
,iroquois1 or ,contributions to the     
,statistics1 ,aboriginal ,history1 and  
,general ,ethnology of ,western         
,new-,york4  ,the last and most         
important of ,mr4 ,schoolcraft's works1 
the crowning labor of his life1 for the 
composition of which all his previous   
efforts were but notes of preparation1  
is the ,historical and ,statistical     
,information respecting the ,history1   
,condition1 and ,prospects of the       
,indian ,tribes of the ,united ,states3 
,collected and prepared under the       
,direction of the ,bureau of ,indian    
,affairs1 per act of ,march #c1 #ahdg4  
,the initial volume of this important   

national publication1 profusely         
illustrated with engravings from        
drawings by ,captain ,eastman1 of the   
,army1 has lately been issued in a very 
large and splendid quarto1 by           
,lippincott4 ,grambo  ,co41 of          
,philadelphia1 under authority of       
,congress4 ,it embraces the general1    
national1 and tribal history of the     
,indian race1 with their traditions1    
manners1 customs1 languages1 mythology1 
c41 and when completed will probably    
extend to six or seven volumes4 ,until  
more of it is published1 it will not be 
possible to form any exact judgment of  
it1 except such as is warranted by a    
knowledge of the author's previous      
works3 but such a judgment must be in   
the highest degree favorable4  ,mr4     
,schoolcraft's ethnological writings are
 among the most important contributions 
that have been made to the literature of
 this country4 ,his long and intimate   
connection with the ,indian tribes1 and 
the knowledge possessed by his wife and 

her family of the people from whom they 
were descended by the maternal side1    
with his power of examining their       
character from the ,european point of   
view1 have enabled him to give us more  
authentic and valuable information      
respecting their manners1 customs1 and  
physical traits1 and more insight into  
their moral and intellectual            
constitution1 than can be derived1      
perhaps1 from all other authors4 ,his   
works abound in materials for the future
 artist and man of letters1 and will on 
this account continue to be read when   
the greater portion of the popular      
literature of the day is forgotten4     
,with the forests which they inhabited1 
the red race have disappeared with      
astonishing rapidity4 ,until recently   
they have rarely been the subjects of   
intelligent study2 and it began to be   
regretted1 as they were seen fading from
 our sight1 that there was so little    
written respecting them that had any    
pretensions to fidelity4 ,i would not be

 understood to undervalue the           
productions of ,eliot1 ,loskiel1        
,heckewelder1 ,brainerd1 and other early
 missionaries1 but they were restricted 
in design1 and it is not to be denied   
that confidence in their representations
 has been much impaired1 less perhaps   
from doubts of their integrity than of  
their ability and of the advantages of  
the points of view from which they made 
their observations4 ,the works on       
,indian philology by ,roger ,williams   
and the younger ,edwards are more       
valuable than any others of the         
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries1   
but it now appears that these authors   
knew very little of the philosophy of   
the ,american language4 ,du ,ponceau's  
knowledge was still more superficial1   
and excepting ,mr4 ,gallatin and the    
late ,mr4 ,pickering1 who made use of   
the imperfect data furnished by others1 
,i believe no one besides ,mr4          
,schoolcraft has recently produced any  
thing on the subject worthy of          

consideration4 ,something has been done 
by ,general ,cass1 and ,mr4 ,mc,kenny   
and ,mr4 ,catlin have undoubtedly       
accomplished much in this department of 
ethnography2 but allowing all that can  
reasonably be claimed for these         
artist-travellers1 ,mr4 ,schoolcraft    
must still be regarded as the standard  
and chief authority respecting the      
,algic tribes4  ,the influence which the
 original and peculiar myths and        
historical traditions of the ,indians is
 to have on our imaginative literature1 
has been recently more than ever        
exhibited in the works of our authors4  
,the tendency of the public taste to    
avail itself of the ,american mythology 
as a basis for the exhibition of new    
lines of fictitious creations has been  
remarked by ,mr4 ,schoolcraft himself in
 ,oneota1 and he refers to the tales of 
,mrs4 ,oakes ,smith1 and to the ,wild   
,scenes in the ,forest and the ,prairie1
 and the ,vigil of ,faith1 by ,mr4      
,charles ,f4 ,hoffman1 as works in which

 this tendency is most distinctly       
perceptible4 ,in the writings of ,w4 ,h4
 ,c4 ,hosmer1 the legends of ,mr4       
,whittier1 and some of the poems of ,mr4
 ,longfellow and ,mr4 ,lowell1 we see   
manifestations of the same disposition4 
,no one who has not had the most ample  
opportunities of personal observation   
should attempt to mould ,indian life and
 mythology to the purposes of fiction   
without carefully studying whatever ,mr4
 ,schoolcraft has published respecting  
them4 ,the chief distinction of the     
,algic style with which he has made us  
acquainted is its wonderful simplicity  
and conciseness1 with which the common  
verbosity1 redundant description1 false 
sentiment1 and erroneous manners of what
 are called ,indian tales1 are as little
 in keeping as ,english figures in      
moccasins1 and holding bows and arrows4 
,the excellent portrait at the beginning
 of this article is from a daguerreotype
 by ,simons1 of ,philadelphia4          
,,footnotes3  #a ,two of these lectures 

were published in #ahcd1 translated into
 ,french by the late ,mr4 du ,ponceau1  
and subsequently read before the        
,national ,institute of ,france4        
,,the ,,margravine ,,of ,,anspach4      
,the death1 in ,london1 a few weeks ago1
 of a daughter of the celebrated ,lady  
,craven1 afterwards ,margravine of      
,anspach1 has recalled attention to the 
history of that remarkable and          
celebrated person1 whose life has the   
interest of a romance4  ,,elizabeth     
,,berkeley1 ,margravine of ,anspach1 was
 born in ,december1 #agej4 ,she was the 
daughter of ,augustus1 fourth ,earl of  
,berkeley1 by his wife ,elizabeth1      
daughter of ,henry ,drax of             
,charborough4 ,she was brought up under 
the care of a native of ,switzerland1   
the wife of a ,german tutor of her      
uncle4 ,she describes herself as having 
been a delicate1 diminutive child1      
addicted at an early age to reading1 and
 of timid and retired habits4 ,she first
 beheld a play when she was twelve years

 old1 and from that occasion she dates  
the growth of her subsequent partiality 
for theatrical entertainments4 ,at the  
age of thirteen she paid a short visit  
to ,france with her mother and her elder
 sister1 and at fourteen she had been1  
as she says she afterwards discovered1  
in love without knowing it with the     
,marquis de ,fitz ,james4 ,on the #ajth 
,may1 #agfg1 she was married to ,william
 ,craven1 nephew and heir of the fifth  
,lord ,craven1 whom he succeeded in     
#agfi4 ,she professes to have felt      
indifference when receiving his         
addresses1 but the marriage was for some
 time a happy one1 and she says1 ,my    
husband seemed to have no other delight 
than in procuring for me all the        
luxuries and enjoyments within his      
power1 and it was an eternal dispute    
7how amiable a dispute67 between us2 he 
always offering presents1 and ,i        
refusing whenever ,i could4 ,gifted with
 genius and beauty1 both of which she   
knew well how to apply2 a woman of ,lady

 ,craven's rank naturally drew around   
her a large circle of admirers4 ,she    
says of herself very characteristically1
 ,in ,london the ,duke and ,duchess of  
,marlborough showed their partiality to 
me1 and ,mr4 ,walpole1 afterwards ,lord 
,orford1 ,dr4 ,johnson1 ,garrick1 and   
his friend ,colman1 were among my       
numerous admirers2 and ,sir ,joshua     
,reynolds did not conceal his high      
opinion of me4 ,charles ,fox almost     
quarrelled with me because ,i was       
unwilling to interfere with politics--a 
thing which ,i always said ,i detested1 
and considered as being out of the      
province of a woman4  ,it appears to    
have been in the year #aggi that ,lady  
,craven discovered the infidelities with
 which she charged her husband1 when she
 requested of him the favor that he     
would not permit his mistress to call   
herself ,lady ,craven4 ,after an        
interval of about three years spent in  
partial reconciliation1 a separation    
took place4 ,the indifferent tone in    

which she treats the whole of this      
transaction1 and her professed readiness
 to overlook every slight that was not  
public and glaring1 are a stain on her  
character1 which she has by her own     
animated pen exhibited to an age which  
had forgotten the accusations to which  
she was subjected4 ,at the time of her  
separation from her husband she was the 
mother of seven children4  ,lady ,craven
 had in the mean time produced her first
 play1 ,the ,sleepwalker1 a translation 
from the ,french1 printed in #aggh1 at  
her friend ,walpole's press at          
,strawberry ,hill4 ,in #aggi she        
published ,modern ,anecdotes of the     
,family of                              
,kinvervankotsprakengatchdern1 a ,tale  
for ,christmas4 ,this was a caricature  
of the ceremonious pomposity of the     
petty ,german courts2 it was dramatized 
by ,mr4 ,m4 ,p4 ,andrews4 ,soon after   
the separation1 she passed some time in 
,france1 where she met with the         
,margrave of ,anspach4 ,they formed a   

sudden friendship for each other1 and   
agreed to consider each other 7we are   
told7 as brother and sister4 ,in ,june1 
#aghe1 ,lady ,craven commenced a tour1  
in which1 starting from ,paris1 she     
passed by the ,rhine to ,italy1 went    
thence by the ,tyrol to ,vienna1 passed 
on to ,warsaw1 ,petersburg1 and ,moscow1
 proceeded by the ,don to ,turkey1 and  
returned by ,vienna1 which she reached  
in ,august1 #aghf4 ,on this occasion she
 ran1 by her own account1 a serious risk
 of being made ,empress of ,austria4 ,in
 #aghi she published an account of her  
tour 7#a vol4 #dto71 in letters         
addressed to the margrave1 saying in the
 dedication1 ,beside curiosity1 my      
friends will in these letters see1 at   
least for some time1 where the real     
,lady ,craven has been1 and where she is
 to be found--it having been the        
practice for some years past for a      
,birmingham coin of myself to pass in   
most of the inns in ,france1            
,switzerland1 and ,england1 for the wife

 of my husband4 ,my arms and coronet    
sometimes supporting in some measure    
this insolent deception2 by which1      
probably1 ,i may have been seen to      
behave very improperly4 ,this work is   
interesting from the many sketches it   
contains of eminent people--such as the 
,empress ,catharine1 the ,princess      
,dashcoff1 ,prince ,potemkin1 ,count    
,romanzoff1 ,admiral ,mordvinoff1 the   
,duc de ,choiseul1 and others4 ,it is   
full of accurate observation and lively 
description1 expressed in clear and     
simple ,english--a style from which in  
later life she considerably diverged4   
,she descended into the grotto of       
,antiparos1 being the first female to   
undertake the adventure4 ,the ,french   
biographers maintain that the tameness  
of her description of the scene shows a 
deficiency of appreciation of the       
wonderful and sublime4 ,she does not    
indeed ornament her description with    
hyperboles and exclamations1 but it is  
clear and expressive1 and by the        

distinctness of the impression which it 
conveys to the reader1 shows that the   
scene was fully noticed and comprehended
 by the writer4 ,after her return from  
her journey1 she visited ,england to see
 her children1 and then proceeded to    
,france1 where she joined the margrave  
and accompanied him to ,anspach4 ,here1 
during a residence of a few years1 she  
established a theatre1 which was chiefly
 supplied with dramatic entertainments  
of her own composition4 ,they were      
collected into two volumes #hvo1 under  
the title of ,nouveau ,theatre          
d',anspach et de ,triesdorf1 the latter 
being the name of a country seat nine   
miles from ,anspach1 where she laid out 
a park and garden in the ,english       
manner4 ,she established at the same    
time a society for the encouragement of 
arts and sciences4 ,she soon afterwards 
visited1 in company with the margrave1  
the congenial court of ,naples1 where   
she made the acquaintance of ,sir       
,william and ,lady ,hamilton4 ,her      

conduct was the subject of much censure 
both in ,england and among the officials
 of the court of ,anspach1 to whom her  
interference was a natural subject of   
distrust2 and if it should even be      
admitted that her own account of the    
purity of her motives and conduct is    
correct1 it cannot be denied that she   
afforded material for forming the worst 
interpretations of them4 ,she maintains 
that she always opposed the cession of  
his dominions to the crown of ,prussia  
by the margrave in #agia1 but she was   
almost his sole adviser on the occasion4
 ,she states that she received the first
 hint of his design at ,naples4 ,one day
 while she was dressing for dinner1 a   
servant intimated that the margrave     
desired to see her4 ,on her appearance  
he said1 ,i must go to ,berlin          
incog4--will you go with me8 it is the  
only sacrifice of your time ,i will ever
 require of you4 ,they set out together1
 and on the way through ,anspach they   
found the establishment nearly in open  

revolt against her influence4 ,the king1
 however1 was kind and generous in the  
extreme1 and the contracting parties are
 represented as only striving to excel  
each other in generosity4 ,meanwhile the
 margrave's first wife died1 and ,lord  
,craven's death occurred six months     
afterwards1 on the #bfth ,september1    
#agia4 ,immediately on hearing of this  
event1 ,lady ,craven was married to the 
margrave4 ,it was six weeks1 she says1  
after ,lord ,craven's decease that ,i   
gave my hand to the margrave1 which ,i  
should have done six hours after1 had ,i
 known it at the time4 ,as the cession  
of the margraviate to ,prussia dates    
#b;d ,december1 #agia1 the marriage must
 have taken place about three weeks     
before it4 ,the nuptials were solemnized
 at ,lisbon1 whence the new married pair
 passed through ,spain and ,france to   
,england4  ,the margrave1 on the sale of
 his principality1 resolved to spend his
 days with his wife in ,england4 ,they  
had no sooner arrived1 however1 than the

 storm of family and public indignation 
which had been brewing against the      
margravine burst upon her head4 ,she    
received a letter from her three        
daughters1 saying1 with due deference to
 the ,margravine of ,anspach1 the ,miss 
,cravens inform her that1 out of respect
 to their father1 they cannot wait upon 
her1 and her eldest son1 ,lord ,craven1 
refused to countenance her4 ,the        
margrave received a message from the    
queen1 through the ,prussian minister1  
to the effect that his wife1 though she 
had received a diploma from the emperor1
 could not be received at court as a    
princess of the empire4 ,she says that  
she refused to derogate from her dignity
 by appearing merely as a peeress of    
,england2 but it is not clear that she  
would have been received in that        
capacity4 ,she addressed a memorial on  
the subject to the ,house of ,lords1 but
 they gave her no redress2 indeed it    
would not have been consistent with the 
practice of that body to interfere on   

such an occasion4 ,soon after their     
arrival1 the margrave purchased through 
trustees1 ,lord ,craven's estate of     
,benham1 and the mansion of             
,brandenburgh ,house1 a place celebrated
 as afterwards affording a retreat to   
,queen ,caroline1 the wife of ,george   
,,iv4 ,until the margrave's death in    
#ahjf1 it was a scene of continued      
profusion and gayety1 in which the      
luxuries and amusements of an ,english  
mansion were united with those of a     
,german court1 ,my whole enjoyment1 says
 the margravine1 during the margrave's  
valuable life1 was to do every thing in 
my power1 to make him not only          
comfortable1 but happy4 ,under my       
management1 the world imagined that he  
spent double his income4 ,her attachment
 to her second husband was strong4 ,she 
speaks of him with an enthusiasm and    
devotion which bear the stamp of        
sincerity4 ,i believe1 she says1 a      
better man never existed4 ,there never  
was a being who could act upon more     

sincere principles4 ,nothing could      
divert him from what was right4 ,none   
could bear with patience1 like himself1 
the ill conduct of those to whom he was 
attached4 ,none could more easily       
forgive4 ,after his decease1 the        
margravine1 who succeeded to the large  
property which he left1 felt impatient  
to recommence her wanderings4 ,on the   
restoration she sailed for ,france1 and1
 after being interrupted in her         
movements by the reign of the hundred   
days1 reached ,rome1 where it was said  
that she kept open house for all the    
revolutionists of all countries who     
chose to accept her hospitalities4 ,the 
,king of ,naples afterwards presented   
her with a small estate1 in which she   
built a palace1 where she resided till  
her death1 which occurred on ,january   
#ac1 #ahbh4 ,only two years previously1 
and when she was seventy-six years old1 
she surprised and delighted the ,english
 world by the publication of her        
well-known memoirs4 ,this work is       

perhaps one of the best examples of the 
,french memoirs which ,english          
literature possesses4 ,it is indeed     
thoroughly ,french1 not only in spirit  
but in idiom1 and1 to the reader1 has   
all the appearance of a translation from
 that language4 ,it thus affords1 in its
 style1 a remarkable contrast to the    
book of travels above noticed4 ,it      
contains a vast variety of anecdotes and
 sketches of character1 always amusing  
if not always accurate4 ,it has no      
continuity of narrative1 leaping        
backwards and forwards through all ages1
 and among every variety of subject3    
from a description of the monument which
 she erected to the memory of her       
husband1 she takes occasion to give a   
rapid sketch of the history of the art  
of sculpture4 ,the least pleasing       
feature in the work is its intense      
egotism4 ,the margravine was a woman of 
wonderfully versatile genius4 ,she wrote
 with fluency in ,french and ,german4   
,she was an accomplished musician and   

actress2 and she tells us1 ,i have      
executed many busts myself1 and among   
others one of the margrave1 which is    
generally allowed to be extremely like  
him4     ,,london ,,described ,,by ,a   
,,parisian4   ,m4 ,francis ,wey1 who is 
a college professor and litterateur of  
some eminence in ,paris1 has published  
for visitors from the continent to the  
,great ,exhibition1 a volume entitled   
,guides a ,londres1 composed1 we        
believe1 of a series of articles1 ,les  
,anglais chez ,eux 7the ,english at     
,home71 which he had contributed to the 
,musee des ,familles1 an old and        
favorite ,parisian journal4 ,it is very 
amusing to see the manner in which these
 things are received by the ,british    
press4 ,the sensitiveness of which the  
,americans are accused is quite equalled
 in that which is displayed in the      
,london criticisms of ,monsieur ,wey4   
,and just at this time it is all the    
more pleasant to us1 for that our       
amiable ,mother-,country critics are    

quoting with so much enjoyment the      
characterizations of us poor            
,united-,statesers1 done in the same    
way1 by a gentleman of the same country4
 ,even ,blackwood does not seem to have 
a suspicion that a ,frenchman could     
caricature or in any way exaggerate the 
publicities or domesticities of         
,new-,york2 but all the independent1    
care-for-nothing ,john ,bulls see only  
rancor1 ill-will1 and absurdity in the  
,frenchman's views of ,english society4 
,the ,literary ,gazette1 the ,weekly    
,news1 and all the rest1 have the same  
tone4 ,french travellers1 it is said--  
,instead of patiently collecting their  
facts1 they invent      them4 ,instead  
of representing social usages as they   
really      are1 they state them as what
 they choose to suppose4 ,they          
mistake flippancy for wit1 and          
imperturbable assurance for             
knowledge4 ,they speak ex cathedra of   
matters of which they      are          
profoundly ignorant4 ,and the           

consequence of all this is      that    
they commit the drollest blunders1 make 
the most      startling assertions1     
indulge in the most grotesque           
appreciations1 and flounder in the most 
extravagant      absurdities4  ,we      
wonder if a single ,british reviewer    
will introduce1 with such a paragraph1  
his extracts from the ,letters on       
,america1 by ,m4 ,,xavier ,,marmier8    
,not a bit of it4  ,on the ,english     
language1 ,m4 ,wey says--       ,the    
,englishman has invented for himself a  
language adapted      to his placid     
manners and silent tastes4 ,this        
language is a      murmur1 accompanied  
by soft hissings2 it falls from the     
lips1 but is scarcely articulated2 if   
the chest or throat be      employed to 
increase the power of the voice1 the    
words      become changed and scarcely  
intelligible2 if cried aloud1      they 
are hoarse1 and resemble the confused   
croaking of frogs      in marshes4      
,the ,english are passionately attached 

to their language4      ,they have only 
consented to borrow one single word from
 us1      and that is employed by their 
innkeepers--table d'hote1      which    
they pronounce taible dott4 ,and yet we 
have taken      hundreds of words from  
them6  ,english women--       ,english  
women give to us the preference over    
their own      countrymen4 ,our         
gallantry is something new to them1 and 
our      politeness touches their       
hearts4 ,but though they love us1 we    
are not liked by their lords and        
masters4 ,there is no      exaggeration 
in all that has been said of the beauty 
of      ,english women--an assemblage of
 them would realize the      paradise of
 ,mahomet4  ,their dresses--       ,many
 white gowns are to be seen4 ,white is a
 recherche      luxury in that land of  
tallow and smoke1 where linen becomes   
dirty in three hours4 ,however1 good    
taste is making some      progress4     
,ladies may be met with who are well    
dressed1      although1 generally       

speaking1 a sort of audacity is         
displayed in wearing the most           
irreconcilable colors4 ,what      gives 
,english women a somewhat bizarre       
appearance1 is the      custom they have
 of swelling out their petticoats1 by   
means      of circles of whalebone or   
iron3--this causes them to      resemble
 large bells in movement4  ,english     
manners--       ,english manners1 rigid 
and cold1 and dominated by arid         
rationalism1 are the work of ,cromwell4 
,his bigotry and      hypocrisy1 his    
exterior austerity1 his narrow          
formalism1      suit the ,englishman2 he
 keeps up ,cromwell's character1 and    
admires himself in his usages4 ,but he  
has no pity for his      model--he never
 forgives ,cromwell for having made him 
what      he is4 ,his spite towards that
 man is the last cry of nature1      and
 the vague regret of a liberty of       
imagination of which      neither the   
joys or the aspirations have been known 
since      his time4 ,they have no      

grace1 no desinvoltura1 no poesy      in
 them1 but are methodical1 reasonable1  
indefatigable in      work and in       
amassing lucre4  ,how the ,english      
love--  ,they love nothing with the     
heart2 when they do love1 it is         
exclusively of the head4  ,english      
bankers--       ,in ,france we have the 
love of display2 but in ,london it is   
not so4 ,there1 some of the principal   
bankers go every      morning to the    
butchers' shops to buy their own chops1 
and      they carry them ostensibly to  
some tavern in ,cheapside or      ,fleet
 ,street1 where they cook them          
themselves4 ,then they buy      three   
pennyworth of rye-bread1 and publicly   
eat this ,spartan      breakfast4 ,the  
exhibition fills their clients with     
admiration4 ,but in the evening these   
good men make up for      this by taking
 in their own palaces suppers worthy of 
,lucullus4  ,flunkeys--       ,the      
,english aristocracy are distinguished  
by the number1      the canes1 and the  

wigs of their lacqueys4 ,seeing         
constantly      a footman1 well powdered
 and bewigged1 carry horizontally a     
large ,voltaire cane behind certain     
sumptuous carriages1 ,i      asked for  
an explanation2 it was soon given--wig1 
powder1      and cane are aristocratic  
privileges4 ,not only must a man        
have a certain number of quarterings to 
be authorized to      make his servants 
use such things1 but he must pay so much
      tax for the lacquey1 so much for  
the wig1 so much for the      tail to   
the wig1 and so much for the cane4      
,what most strikes a ,frenchman in      
,london--  ,the coldness of the men     
towards the fair sex1 and their profound
 passion for horses4  ,officers of the  
life and horse guards--  ,cupid seems to
 have chosen them--they are possessed of
 such ideal beauty4  ,english taverns-- 
,the ,englishman likes to be alone1 even
 at the tavern4 ,he      fastens himself
 up in a box1 where none can see him4   
,there      he drinks with taciturn     

phlegm4 ,he takes tea1 boiling grog1    
porter of the color of ink1 and beer not
 less black4 ,he is      very fond of   
brandy1 and drinks large glasses of it  
at a      draught4 ,he does not go to   
the tavern to amuse himself1 but        
because drinking is a grave occupation4 
,the more he swallows      the calmer he
 is4 ,one can however scarcely decide if
 his      obstinate moroseness be a     
precaution against drunkenness1 or      
the effect of spirituous liquors taken  
in excess4 ,at some of      the taverns 
are three gentlemen1 dressed in black1  
with      white cravats1 who sing after 
one of them has struck the      table   
with a little hammer2 they are as       
serious as      ,protestant ministers or
 money-changers4  ,english food--       
,thick stupefying beer1 meat almost raw 
and horribly spiced2      strong        
libations of port wine1 followed by     
plum-pudding--such is the meat of these 
islanders4  ,how the ,english eat--     
,they eat at every hour1 every where1   

and incessantly4 ,the      iron         
constitution of their complaisant       
stomachs enables them      to feed in a 
manner which would satisfy wolves and   
lions4      ,the delicate repast of a   
fair and sentimental young lady         
would be too much for a couple of       
,parisian street porters4  ,stables and 
museums--       ,stables are clean and  
brilliant as museums ought to be2 and   
the museums are as filthy as stables in 
,provence4  ,the ,queen's stables--     
,they form a college of horses1 with    
pedantic grooms for      professors1 and
 a harness room for a library3  ,english
 omnibuses--       ,the omnibuses of    
,london are worn out1 ill built1 and    
remarkably dirty4 ,even in wet weather  
nobody is ever allowed      to enter the
 interior so long as any places are     
vacant      outside4 ,we had expected to
 find them built of mahogany and        
lined with velvet4  ,london--           
,london1 wholly devoted to private      
interests1 offers nothing      to the   

heart or mind4 ,the city is too large2 a
 man is lost      in it2 you elbow      
thousands of people without the hope of 
meeting any one you know4 ,even if you  
have a large fortune      you would be  
ignored4 ,originality is there without  
effect2      vanity without an object2  
and the desire of shining is            
chimerical4 ,intelligence has therefore 
only one opening1      politics2 pride  
only one object1 the national sentiment2
 but      as the people must feel       
enthusiasm for something1 they adore    
horses2 and as they must admire         
somebody1 they burn incense      under  
,lord ,wellington's nose4  ,after       
midnight--       ,at midnight the       
,english leave the taverns1 the public  
gardens1 the theatres1 and the open air 
balls1 and fill up      the supper      
saloons 7not very reputable places71 and
 the      oyster rooms1 where they eat  
till morning4 ,after sunrise1      the  
policemen are occupied in picking up in 
the gutters      drunkards of both      

sexes1 and all conditions4  ,london     
rain--       ,it is tallow melted in    
water1 and perfectly black4  ,a bad     
quarter--       ,between ,cornhill      
,street and ,thames ,street1 there lives
 what      is called the populace of    
,london2 there pauperism is             
frightful4 ,the wretched inhabitants of 
that district are      brawlers1        
drunkards1 and prize-fighters4  ,at     
,westminster ,abbey--       ,shakspeare 
slumbers at a few steps from ,richard   
,,ii4 ,the      tombs bear traces of    
,presbyterian mutilations2 but in other 
places the ,calvinists scattered the    
bones of the deceased      ,bishops of  
,geneva4 ,such is the intolerance of the
      ,protestants that they have not   
admitted the statue of ,byron      to   
the ,abbey1 and his shadow may be heard 
groaning at the      door4  ,at ,her    
,majesty's ,theatre--       ,to go with 
a blue cravat is shocking4 ,when the    
doors are      open1 blows with the fist
 and the elbow are given without        

regard to age or sex4 ,it is the        
peculiar fashion of entering      which 
the natives have4 ,if a ,frenchman be   
recognized the      people cry ,french  
dog4 ,in the pit1 the man behind you    
will      place his foot on your        
shoulder4 ,the ladies are plunged up    
to the neck in boxes4 ,in the theatre   
there is an echo1 which      produces an
 abominable effect2 but such is the vile
 musical      taste of the ,english that
 they have never found it out4 ,in      
the saloon you hear the continual       
hissing of teakettles4  ,the ,english   
,parliament--       ,the ,house of      
,commons at present meets in a hole4    
,the peers      are in their new        
chamber4 ,it is small1 not monumental1  
and      heavily ornamented4 ,it reminds
 one of our tea shops1 or a             
boudoir4 ,the lords1 when assembled1 are
 generally placed      on their backs1  
or rather lean on the back of the neck1 
and      keep their legs above their    
heads4 ,the ,queen's throne1 like       

constitutional royalty1 is a gilded     
cage4  ,the new ,houses of ,parliament--
       ,they are an immense             
architectural plaything1 and the        
,english only admire them because they  
cost a vast sum4  ,english love of      
titles--       ,one of my friends gave  
me a letter of introduction to ,sir     
,william ,p----1 ,esquire4 ,i left the  
letter with my card at      the ,reform 
,club1 ,pall ,mall4 ,two hours after    
,sir ,william came      to my residence2
 but as ,i was not at home he wrote a   
line1      and addressed it to me with  
the flattering designation of           
,esquire4 ,england is the country of    
legal equality2 but      this sort of   
equilibrium does not extend to social   
usages2      and although our penchant  
for distinctions seems puerile      to  
the ,english1 it would be easy to prove 
that they are not      exempt from it4  
,they have not1 as we have1 the love of 
uniforms1 laced coats1 epaulettes1 or   
decorations2 their      button-holes    

often carry a flower1 but never a       
rosette or      knot of ribbon4 ,but    
every body pretends to the title of     
,sir1 which was formerly reserved       
exclusively to members of      the      
,house of ,commons1 to ,baronets1 and to
 some public      functionaries4 ,as1   
however1 the title ,sir has become too  
vulgar1 every body calls himself        
,esquire to distinguish      himself    
from his neighbor4 ,this remark1        
nevertheless1 does      not concern my  
friend ,sir ,william1 for he is really  
an      ,esquire4  ,english soldiers--  
,the noise which announces their        
approach is very singular4      ,picture
 to yourself the monotonous music of a  
bear's dance1      executed by twenty   
fifers1 whilst a man beats a big drum4  
,the coats of the infantry are too      
short1 and are surmounted      with     
large white epaulettes4 ,the men sway   
their bodies about      to the beating  
of the drum1 and carry their heads so   
stiffly      that they appear to be     

balancing spoons on their noses4 ,all   
the officers and non-commissioned       
officers carry long sticks      with    
ivory handles4  ,resemblance of         
,englishmen one to another--       ,all 
,englishmen are alike4 ,they live in the
 same way1 are      subject to the same 
logical rules1 condemned to the same    
amusements4 ,the proof that there exists
 only one character      amongst them1  
and that they have only one way of      
living1 is1      that it is impossible1 
on seeing them1 to divine their         
profession4 ,a lord1 a minister1 a      
domestic1 a street singer1      a       
merchant1 an admiral1 a soldier1 a      
general1 an artist1 a      judge1 a     
prize-fighter1 and a clergyman1 have all
 the same      appearance1 the same     
language1 the same costume1 and the     
same bearing4 ,each one has the air of  
an ,englishman1 and      nothing more4  
,they live in the same way1 work at the 
same      hours1 eat at the same time1  
and of the same sort of food1      and  

are all sequestrated when away from home
 from the      society of women4  ,the  
,french at ,london--       ,at ,london  
the ,french labor under two subjects of 
anxiety1      caused by their national  
prejudices4 ,accustomed to consider     
themselves as the first people in the   
world1 to dazzle some1      to despise  
others1 and to display every where the  
confident      pride of their supremacy1
 they1 on treading the ,british         
soil1 experience the impression of a    
greatness not borrowed      from them2  
they are astonished at finding a people 
as      remarkable as ours1 as original 
as we are1 and carrying to a      still 
prouder degree the sentiment of their   
pre-eminence4      ,then our countrymen 
become disquieted2 the intolerance of   
their national faith becomes mitigated2 
they are ill at      ease1 and for the  
first time in their lives feel          
constraint4      ,ceasing to believe    
themselves amongst slaves as in ,italy1 
amongst vassals as in ,belgium1 or      

amongst innkeepers as in                
,switzerland or ,germany1 they endeavor 
to resemble sovereigns      visiting    
other sovereigns1 and by forced         
politeness render      them involuntary 
homage4  ,feeling of the ,english toward
 the ,french--       ,they honor us with
 a marked attention1 though they are    
indifferent to the rest of mankind4 ,our
 opinions respecting      them cause    
them anxiety4 ,they either admire us    
enthusiastically1 or disparage us       
bitterly2 but1 in reality1      they are
 obsequious and servile toward us6      
,after a good deal of the numerous      
statues to ,wellington1 this at ,english
 admiration of ,waterloo--       ,the   
trumpet of ,waterloo which has been     
sounded in ,london      every where     
incessantly1 and in every tone1 during  
thirty-five years1 diminishes the       
grandeur of the ,english      nation4   
,this intoxication seems that of a      
people who1 never      having won more  
than one battle1 and despairing to      

conquer a      second time1 cannot      
recover from their surprise1 nor bear in
      patience an unhoped-for glory4    
,how the ,english judge ,napoleon--     
,public opinion has avenged the prisoner
 of ,st ,helena2 but      does it follow
 that in #ahae the ,english protested   
with      sufficient energy against his 
imprisonment6 ,no4 ,englishmen      are 
naturally indifferent and indulgent as  
regards their      foreign neighbors1 so
 long as patriotism or private interest 
is not at stake4 ,napoleon was the most 
terrible of their      enemies2 he      
placed ,england within ten steps of     
bankruptcy1      and seriously menaced  
national manufactures4 ,not possessed   
of military instinct1 the ,english do   
not pretend to      chivalrous          
generosity4 ,on the fall of the ,empire1
 caused by      the implacable          
perseverance of coalitions1 the nation  
remembered that the ,hundred ,days cost 
its government a      million an hour1  
and so long as the deficit was not made 

up1      their resentment underwent no  
diminution4 ,but now if you             
celebrate his glory before them1 they   
will not display      hostility4 ,you   
must not1 however1 touch the till of    
this      tribe of tradesmen1 or they   
will be your bitter enemies4 ,and       
the proof that they are nothing but     
shopkeepers is that      their first    
functionary sits in a gilded arm chair  
on a      wool-sack4     ,,the          
,,beautiful ,,streamlet ,,and ,,the     
,,utilitarian4   ,alphonse ,karr's new  
book1 ,travels in my ,garden1 is full of
 social heresies1 but quite as full of  
wit4 ,we find in ,fraser's ,magazine for
 ,may translations of some admirable    
passages1 with specimens of his peculiar
 speculation4 ,karr is an ardent lover  
of ,nature2 he takes note of all her    
caprices1 and respects them1--remarks   
under what shade the violet loves to    
dwell1 and tells us how certain         
plants--the volubulis1 the              
scarlet-runner1 and the ,westeria1 for  

instance--invariably twine their spiral 
tendrils from left to right1 whereas    
hops and honeysuckles as infallibly     
twist theirs from right to left4 ,he    
knows which are the plants that fold1   
when evening comes1 their leaves in two1
 lengthwise1--which are those that close
 them up like fans1 and which are the   
careless ones that crumple them up      
irregularly with happy impunity1 for the
 next morning's sun smooths them all    
alike4 ,he loves ,nature in all her     
details1 but with disinterested love1   
and has no idea of making her           
subservient to his pride1 or selfishly  
monopolizing her2 he has evidently no   
wish to wall in woods and meadows1 and  
call them a park1 or to dam up          
sparkling1 bubbling1 dancing streams1   
and turn them into cold1 spiritless1    
aristocratic sheets of water4 ,indeed1  
in one of the first chapters of the     
book1 there is a fanciful bit of        
sentiment about a happy little stream   
that falls into the hands of a pitiless 

utilitarian1 which we are tempted to    
quote3--       ,that stream which runs  
through my garden gushes from the       
side of a furze-covered hill2 for a long
 time it was a happy      little stream2
 it traversed meadows where all sorts of
      lovely wild flowers bathed and    
mirrored themselves in its      waters1 
then it entered my garden1 and there ,i 
was ready to      receive it2 ,i had    
prepared green tanks for it2 on its edge
      and in its very bed ,i had planted
 those flowers which all      over the  
world love to bloom on the banks and in 
the bosom      of pure streams2 it      
flowed through my garden1 murmuring its 
plaintive song2 then1 fragrant with my  
flowers1 it left the      garden1       
crossed another meadow1 and flung itself
 into the      sea1 over the precipitous
 sides of the cliff1 which it           
covered with foam4       ,it was a happy
 stream2 it had literally nothing to do 
beyond what ,i have said1--to flow1 to  
bubble1 to look      limpid1 to murmur1 

amidst flowers and sweet perfumes4 ,it  
led      the life ,i have chosen1 and   
that ,i continue to lead1 when          
people let me alone1 and when knaves and
 fools and wicked      men do not force 
me--who am at once the most pacific and 
the      most battling man on earth--to 
return to the fight4 ,but      heaven   
and earth are jealous of the happiness  
of gentle      indolence4       ,one day
 my brother ,eugene1 and ,savage1 the   
clever engineer1      were talking      
together on the banks of the stream1 and
 to a      certain degree abusing it4   
',there1' said my brother1 'is a fine   
good-for-nothing      stream for you1   
forsooth1 winding and dawdling about1   
dancing in the sunshine1 and revelling  
in the grass instead      of working and
 paying for the place it takes up1 as an
      honest stream should4 ,could it   
not be made to grind coffee      or     
pepper8'       ',or tools8' added       
,savage4       ',or to saw boards8' said
 my brother4       ,i trembled for the  

stream1 and broke off the conversation1 
complaining loudly that its detractors  
7its would-be      tyrants7 were        
treading down my forget-me-nots4 ,alas6 
it was      but against them alone ,i   
could protect it4 ,before long there    
came into our neighborhood a man whom ,i
 noticed more than      once hanging    
about the spot where the stream empties 
itself      into the sea4 ,the fellow ,i
 plainly saw was neither seeking        
for rhymes1 nor indulging in dreams and 
memories upon its      banks1--he was   
not lulling thought to rest with the    
gentle      murmur of its waters4 ',my  
good friend1' he was saying to the      
stream1 'there you are1 idling and      
meandering about1 singing      to your  
heart's content1 while ,i am working and
 wearing      myself out4 ,i don't see  
why you should not help me a bit2       
you know nothing of the work to be done1
 but ,i'll soon show      you4 ,you'll  
soon know how to set about it4 ,you must
 find it      dull to stay in this way1 

doing nothing1--it would be a           
change for you to make files or grind   
knives4' ,very soon      wheels of all  
kinds were brought to the poor stream4  
,from      that day forward it has      
worked and turned a great wheel1        
which turns a little wheel1 which turns 
a grindstone2 it      still sings1 but  
no longer the same gently-monotonous    
song      in its peaceful melancholy4   
,its song is loud and angry             
now1--it leaps and froths and works     
now1--it grinds knives6      ,it still  
crosses the meadow1 and my garden1 and  
the next      meadow2 but there1 the man
 is on the watch for it1 to make      it
 work4 ,i have done the only thing ,i   
could do for it4 ,i      have dug a new 
bed for it in my garden1 so that it may 
idle      longer there1 and leave me a  
little later2 but for all that1      it 
must go at last and grind knives4 ,poor 
stream6 thou didst      not sufficiently
 conceal thy happiness in               
obscurity1--thou      hast murmured too 

audibly thy gentle music4     ,,sir     
,,emerson ,,tennant ,,on ,,american     
,,missions ,,in ,,ceylon4   ,one of the 
most respectable persons employed in the
 ,english colonial service1 is ,sir     
,,emerson ,,tennant1 ,,ll4 ,d41 ,k4 ,c4 
,b4 c41 who was for many years connected
 with the administration in ,ceylon1 and
 is now1 we believe1 ,governor of ,st4  
,helena4 ,he has recently published a   
volume entitled ,christianity in        
,ceylon1 in which there are some        
passages of especial interest to        
,american readers1 displaying in a      
favorable light1 the services rendered  
to civilization by the missionaries of  
this country4 ,these parts of his work  
have attracted much consideration4 ,the 
,dublin ,university ,magazine remarks3  
,we describe the ,american ,mission1    
which acts under the direction of one of
 the oldest and most remarkable of the  
existing associations for the           
dissemination of ,christianity1 ,the    
,american ,board of ,commissioners for  

,foreign ,missions1 whose head-quarters 
are at ,boston1 in ,massachusetts4 ,the 
first settlers in ,massachusetts1 like  
those of ,new ,england generally1 were  
missionary colonists4 ,their charter1   
given by ,charles ,i41 states that one  
of the objects of the king and of the   
planters was the conversion of the      
natives to the true faith2 and the seal 
of the company thus incorporated bore   
the device of a ,north ,american        
,indian1 with the motto ,come over and  
help us4 ,it may be interesting to add1 
that the pilgrim fathers of the ,new    
,england ,states were1 indirectly1 the  
cause of the ,protestant missions of the
 ,dutch4 ,they were1 as our author      
states1 'the first pioneers of the      
,protestant world1 and the first heralds
 of the ,reformed religion to the       
heathen of foreign lands4 ,their mission
 is more ancient than the ,propaganda of
 ,rome1 and it preceded by nearly a     
century any other missionary association
 in ,europe4 ,it was encouraged by      

,cromwell1 and incorporated by ,charles 
,,ii42 and ,cotton ,mather records that 
it was the example of the ,new ,england 
fathers1 and their success amongst the  
,indians1 that first aroused the energy 
of the ,dutch for the conversion of the 
natives of ,ceylon4'  ,we cannot doubt  
that amongst the main causes of the     
prosperity of ,north ,america are1 the  
permanence of religious feeling1 and the
 blessing attendant on the fact1 that   
the missionary spirit has never         
perished4 ,the labors of this great     
people on their own vast continent have 
been conducted with the greatest        
judgment1 and marked by a success which 
encouraged their extension in other     
lands4 ,in the year #ahab1 they turned  
their attention to the ,east1 and1 under
 an act of incorporation from the state 
of ,massachusetts1 commenced their      
missionary efforts in the ,old ,world4  
,their first missionaries to ,india     
appeared there in #ahab1 but were       
ordered by the ,governor-,general to    

leave ,calcutta by the same vessel in   
which they had arrived4 ,one of them    
landing in ,ceylon1 on his voyage home1 
was so struck with the openings which it
 presented for missionary enterprise1   
and so much encouraged by the ,governor1
 ,sir ,robert ,brownrigg1 to engage in  
it1 that1 on his representations1 the   
,american ,board1 in #ahaf1 sent out    
three clergymen and their wives1 who    
fixed their residence at ,jaffina1 which
 has been ever since the scene of their 
remarkable labors4 ,these were          
reinforced in #ahbi1 and for many years 
their establishment has consisted of    
from seven to eleven ordained ministers1
 with a physician1 conductors of the    
press1 and other lay assistants2 these  
are selected from ,congregationalists   
and ,presbyterians4 ,it is gratifying to
 be enabled to add1 that a most cordial 
good-will and desire to co-operate has  
from the beginning prevailed between    
them and the other ,protestant          
missionaries in their neighborhood4 ,for

 thirty years they have assembled       
periodically in a missionary union1 to  
decide on measures and compare results4 
,with all of them education is1 as our  
author says1 a diurnal occupation2      
whilst in their purely clerical capacity
 they have felt the necessity of        
proceeding with more cautious           
circumspection1 improving rather than   
creating opportunities1 relying less    
upon formal preaching than on familiar  
discourses1 and trusting more to the    
intimate exhortation of a few than to   
the effect of popular addresses to      
indiscriminate assemblies4'       ',the 
first embryo instruction is communicated
 by them in      free village schools1  
scattered everywhere throughout the     
district1 in which the children of the  
,tamils are taught in      their own    
tongue the simplest elements of         
knowledge1 and the      earliest        
processes of education--to read from    
translations      of the ,christian     
,scriptures1 and to write their own     

language1 first by tracing the letters  
on the sand1 and      eventually by     
inscribing them with an iron style upon 
the      prepared leaves of the ,palmyra
 palm4 ,it will afford an      idea of  
the extent and perseverance with which  
education has      been pursued in these
 primitive institutions1 that1 in the   
free schools of the ,americans alone1   
#d1jjj pupils1 of whom      one-fourth  
are females1 are daily receiving        
instruction1 and      upwards of #ij1jjj
 children have been taught in them since
      their commencement1 a proportion  
equal to one-half the      present      
population of the peninsula4'  ,it was  
soon seen that1 in addition to these    
primary schools1 the establishment of   
boarding schools was extremely          
desirable1 for the purpose of separating
 the pupils from the influence of       
idolatry4 ,the attempt was made1 but    
proved to be attended with difficulties 
which would have appeared to many       
insurmountable4 ,in the first place1 the

 natives were suspicious1 not conceiving
 that strangers could undertake such    
toil1 trouble1 and expense1 without an  
interested object4 ,the more positive   
difficulty was connected with caste1    
with the reluctance of parents to permit
 their children to associate with those 
of a lower rank4       ',this the       
missionaries overcame1 not so much by   
inveighing      against the absurdity of
 such distinctions as by practically    
ignoring them1 except wherever          
expediency or necessity      required   
their recognition4 ,in all other cases  
where the      customs and prejudices of
 the ,tamils were harmless in           
themselves1 or productive of no         
inconvenience to others1      they were 
in no way contravened or prohibited2 but
 as      intelligence increased1 and the
 minds of the pupils became             
expanded1 the most distinctive and      
objectionable of them      were         
voluntarily and almost imperceptibly    
abandoned4       ',when the boarders    

were first admitted to one of the       
,american schools at ,batticotta1 a     
cook-house was obliged to      be       
erected for them on the adjoining       
premises of a heathen1      as they     
would not eat under the roof of a       
,christian2 but      after a            
twelvemonth's perseverance1 the         
inconvenience      overcame the         
objection1 and they removed to the      
refectory of      the institution4 ,but 
here a fresh difficulty was to be       
encountered2 some of the high caste     
youths made an objection      to use the
 same wells which had been common to the
 whole      establishment2 and it was   
agreed to meet their wishes by          
permitting them to clear out one in     
particular1 to be      reserved         
exclusively for themselves4 ,they worked
 incessantly      for a day1 but finding
 it hopeless to draw it perfectly dry1  
they resolved to accommodate the        
difficulty1 on the      principle1 that 
having drawn off as much water as the   

well      contained when they began1 the
 remainder must be      sufficiently    
pure for all ordinary uses4'  ,in       
addition to these primary and           
boarding-schools1 the ,american         
,mission1 in #ahcj1 established schools 
for teaching ,english1 and for          
elementary instruction of a more        
advanced description4 ,these were all   
under a discipline avowedly ,christian1 
yet the missionaries found that they    
were able not only to enforce the fee   
demanded1 but to maintain their         
regulations without loss of numbers4    
',and it is a fact1' says ,sir ,emerson 
,tennent1 'suggestive      of curious   
speculation as to the genius and        
character of      this anomalous people1
 that in a heathen school recently      
established by ,brahmans in the vicinity
 of ,jaffna1 the      ,hindoo ,community
 actually compelled those who conducted 
it      to introduce the reading of the 
,bible as an indispensable      portion 
of the ordinary course of instruction4' 

,this does not seem so strange to us4   
,the shrewd ,tamils1 as we collect from 
other observations in the work before   
us1 perceived how the ,bible-reading    
children had improved in demeanor1      
conduct1 and success in life4 ,for these
 same reasons1 and possibly in some     
cases from a deeper feeling never yet   
avowed1 the ,roman ,catholic peasantry  
of ,ireland1 before the introduction of 
the ,national ,system of ,education1 and
 previously to1 and1 in many cases1 long
 after1 the expressed hostility of their
 priesthood1 anxiously sent their       
children to the schools of the          
,kildare-place and the ,hibernian ,bible
 ,societies4  ,the other missionaries1  
we need hardly say1 were as active as   
the ,americans4 ,after some years of    
further experience1 they all felt the   
necessity of founding educational       
institutions of a still more advanced   
description for the instruction of the  
natives in their own language4 ,it      
became plain to them that1 from physical

 as well as moral causes1 the conversion
 of the natives could be only hoped for 
through the medium of their well-taught 
and well-trained countrymen4 ,the       
niceties of the language and their modes
 of thought presented difficulties of a 
most serious character to others2 the   
very terms of the ordinary address of a 
missionary suggested ideas altogether   
different from what he intended4 ,thus1 
when ,,god is spoken of1 they probably  
understand one of their own deities who 
yields to every vile indulgence2 by     
,,sin1 they mean ceremonial defilement1 
or evil committed in a former birth1 for
 which they are not accountable2 hell   
with them is only a place of temporary  
punishment2 and heaven nothing more than
 absorption1 or the loss of             
individuality4 ,under these impressions 
each of the missionary bodies at ,jaffna
 formed for themselves a collegiate     
institution1 in which the best scholars 
from their other schools were admitted  
to a still more advanced course1 and    

taught the sciences of ,europe4 ,that of
 the ,church ,missionary ,society of    
,england was established at ,nellore1   
but subsequently removed to             
,chundically2 the ,wesleyans commenced  
theirs in the great square of ,jaffna2  
and that of the ,americans was founded  
at ,batticotta1 in the midst of a       
cultivated country1 within sight of the 
sea1 and at a very few miles distant    
from the fort4       ',it was opened in 
#ahbc1 with about fifty students chosen 
from the most successful pupils of all  
the schools in the      province2 and   
the course of education is so           
comprehensive as      to extend over a  
period of eight years of study4 ,with a 
special regard to the future usefulness 
of its alumni in the      conflict with 
the errors of the ,brahmanical system1  
the      curriculum embraces all the    
ordinary branches of historical      and
 classical learning1 and all the higher 
departments of      mathematical and    
physical science1 combined with the most

      intricate familiarization with the
 great principles and      evidences of 
the ,christian religion4       ',the    
number which the building can           
accommodate is limited1      for the    
present1 to one hundred1 who reside     
within its      walls1 and take their   
food in one common hall1 sitting to     
eat after the custom of the natives4    
,for some years the      students were  
boarded and clothed at the expense of   
the      mission2 but such is now the   
eagerness for instruction that          
there are a multitude of competitors for
 every casual      vacancy2 and the cost
 of their maintenance during the whole  
period of pupilage is willingly paid in 
advance1 in order to      secure the    
privilege of admission4       ',nearly  
six hundred students have been under    
instruction      from time to time since
 the commencement of the ,american      
,seminary at ,batticotta1 and of these  
upwards of four hundred      have       
completed the established course of     

education4 ,more      than one-half have
 made an open profession of             
,christianity1      and all have been   
familiarized with its doctrines1 and    
more      or less imbued with its       
spirit4 ,the majority are now filling   
situations of credit and responsibility 
throughout the      various districts of
 ,ceylon2 numbers are employed under the
      missionaries themselves1 as       
teachers and catechists1 and as         
preachers and superintendents of        
schools2 many have      migrated1 in    
similar capacities1 to be attached to   
,christian      missions on the         
continent of ,india2 others have lent   
their      assistance to the missions of
 the ,wesleyans and the ,church      of 
,england in ,ceylon2 and amongst those  
who have attached      themselves to    
secular occupations1 ,i can bear        
testimony to      the abilities1 the    
qualifications1 and integrity1 of the   
many students of ,jaffna1 who have      
accepted employment in      various     

offices under the ,government of the    
colony4'  ,another of the instruments of
 conversion adopted by these            
indefatigable men is the press4 ,they   
were long obliged to have their tracts  
written out on olahs1 or strips of the  
,palmyra leaf1 which1 when the          
missionary took for distribution1 were  
strung round the neck of his horse4 ,the
 printing establishment of the ,american
 ,mission has for many years given      
constant employment to upwards of eighty
 ,tamil workmen4 ,their publications are
 either religious or educational2 and   
one of their ulterior objects is to     
supersede the degraded legends still in 
circulation4 ,the natives of ,ceylon1   
like most other ,asiatics1 have a strong
 repugnance to reading4 ,this1 however1 
has been to some extent already         
overcome1 both on the continent of      
,india and in ,ceylon1 as is evident    
from the facts of the establishment of  
native presses in ,hindostan1 and of the
 success of a missionary newspaper in   

,ceylon for the last seven years1 which 
has now more than seven hundred         
subscribers1 of whom five-sixths are    
,tamils4 ,the ,church ,missionary       
,society have also a press amongst the  
,tamils2 the ,wesleyans established     
theirs in the ,singhalese districts1 and
 the ,baptists have one at work in      
,kandy4 ,one of the greatest1 among the 
many triumphs of the missionaries in    
,ceylon1 has been in the education of   
girls4 ,the position of woman in that   
island1 as in most parts of the ,east1  
was one of inferiority and toil4 ,she   
was not permitted to sit at table with  
the males1 or even to eat in the        
presence of her husband4 ,her education 
was so wholly neglected that1 amongst   
the ,tamils1 no woman knew her alphabet1
 except such as rather gave the         
accomplishment a bad name--the dancing  
girls and prostitutes attached to the   
temples1 who learned to read and write  
that they might copy songs and the      
legends of their gods4 ,it was1 however1

 plain that no extensive good would be  
effected without the education of women4
 ,the male converts could not get       
suitable wives1 and the children would  
be in the hands of idolaters4 ,in       
addition to their natural influence in a
 family1 the women of the ,tamils1 where
 this new attempt in education was first
 made1 had rights of property1 which1   
notwithstanding the inferiority of their
 social position1 gave them peculiar    
influence4       ',it is1 we are told1 a
 paramount object of ambition with      
,tamil parents to secure an eligible    
alliance for their      daughters by the
 assignment of extravagant marriage     
portions4 ,these consist either of land1
 or of money secured      upon land2 and
 as the law of ,ceylon recognizes the   
absolute      control of the lady over  
the property thus conveyed to her       
sole and separate use1 the prevalence of
 the practice has1      by degrees1     
thrown an extraordinary extent of the   
landed      property of the country into

 the hands of the females1 and          
invested them with a corresponding      
proportion of authority      in its     
management4'  ,impressed with the       
urgency of the object1 the missionaries 
attempted the establishment of female   
schools1 and especially of boarding     
schools1 where ,hindoo girls might be   
trained1 and separated from evil        
influences until they could be settled  
with the approbation of the guardians4  
,they had at first great difficulty in  
getting pupils1 and only enticed them by
 presents of dress1 or some such cogent 
bribe1 or by engagements to give        
fortunes of five or six pounds to all   
who remained in their institutions until
 suitably married4 ,even with these     
allurements their early efforts promised
 no success4 ,parents were inveighed    
against for allowing their daughters to 
be instructed1 and so strong was native 
prejudice that the children1 when       
learning to read1 blushed with shame4   
,these and other obstacles have been    

surmounted1 and1 as the following       
extract shows1 the missionaries have no 
longer to allure1 but must select their 
scholars4 ,the ,americans made the first
 experiment at ,oodooville1 a few miles 
distant from the fort of ,jaffna3--     
',the hamlet of ,oodooville is in the   
centre of a tract of      very rich     
land1 and the buildings occupied by the 
,americans      were originally erected 
by the ,portuguese for a ,roman         
,catholic church1 and the residence of a
 friar of the order      of ,st4        
,francis4 ,it is a beautiful spot1      
embowered in trees1      and all its    
grounds and gardens are kept in becoming
 order1      with the nicest care and   
attention4       ',the institution      
opened in #ahbd1 with about thirty      
pupils1      between the ages of five   
and eleven2 and this1 after eight       
years of previous exertion and entreaty1
 was the utmost      number of female   
scholars who could be prevailed on to   
attend from the whole extent of the     

province4 ,this      difficulty has been
 long since overcome4 ,instead of       
solicitations and promises1 to allure   
scholars1 the      missionaries have    
long since been obliged to limit their  
admissions to one hundred1 the utmost   
that their buildings      can           
accommodate2 and now1 so eager are the  
natives to secure      education for    
their daughters1 that a short time      
before my      visit1 on the occasion of
 filling up some vacancies1 upwards     
of sixty candidates were in anxious     
attendance1 of whom only      seventeen 
could be selected1 there being room for 
no more4      ,the earliest inmates of  
the institution were of low castes      
and poor2 whereas the pupils and        
candidates now are1 many of      them1  
of most respectable families1 and the   
daughters of      persons of property   
and influence in the district4          
',the course of instruction is in all   
particulars adapted to      suit the    
social circumstances of the community2  

along with a      thorough knowledge of 
the ,scriptures and the principles of   
the ,christian religion1 it embraces all
 the ordinary      branches of female   
education1 which are communicated both  
in      ,tamil and in ,english2 and     
combined with this intellectual         
culture1 the girls are carefully        
trained1 conformably to the      usages 
of their country1 in all the discipline 
and      acquirements essential to      
economy and domestic enjoyments at      
home4 ,of two hundred and fifty females 
who have been thus      brought up at   
,oodooville1 more than half have been   
since      married to ,christians1 and  
are now communicating to their          
children the same training and          
advantages of which they have      so   
strongly felt the benefit themselves4'  
,the consequence of these proceedings   
is1 that the number of households is    
fast increasing1 where the mother1      
trained in the habits of civilized life1
 and instructed in the principles of    

,christianity1 is anxious to give to her
 children the like advantages4     ,a   
,,paper ,,of 444 ,,tobacco4   ,we find a
 lively passage on tobacco in the       
pleasant new book by ,alphonse ,karr4   
,it must be borne in mind that1 in      
,france1 tobacco is a monopoly--and a   
very productive one--in the hands of    
government3--       ,there is a family  
of poisonous plants1 amongst which we   
may      notice the henbane1 the datura 
stramonium1 and the tobacco      plant4 
,the tobacco plant is perhaps a little  
less poisonous      than the datura1 but
 it is more so than the henbane1 which  
is a violent poison4 ,here is a tobacco 
plant--as fine a      plant as you can  
wish to see4 ,it grows to the height of 
six      feet2 and from the centre of a 
tuft of leaves1 of a      beautiful     
green1 shoot out elegant and graceful   
clusters of      pink flowers4          
,for a long while the tobacco plant grew
 unknown and      solitary in the wilds 
of ,america4 ,the savage to whom we had 

given brandy gave us in exchange        
tobacco1 with the smoke of      which   
they used to intoxicate themselves on   
grand occasions4      ,the intercourse  
between the two worlds began by this    
amiable      interchange of poisons4    
,those who first thought of putting     
tobacco dust up their      noses were   
first laughed at1 and then persecuted   
more or      less4 ,james ,i41 of       
,england1 wrote against snuff-takers a  
book entitled ,misocapnos4 ,some years  
later1 ,pope ,urban      ,,viii4        
excommunicated all persons who took     
snuff in churches4      ,the ,empress   
,elizabeth thought it necessary to add  
something      to the penalty of        
excommunication pronounced against those
      who used the black dust during    
divine service1 and      authorised the 
beadles to confiscate the snuff-boxes to
      their own use4 ,amurath ,,iv4     
forbade the use of snuff under      pain
 of having the nose cut of4       ,no   
useful plant could have withstood such  

attacks4 ,if      before this invention 
a man had been found to say1 ,let us    
seek the means of filling the coffers of
 the state by a      voluntary tax2 let 
us set about selling something which    
every body will like to do without4 ,in 
,america there is a      plant          
essentially poisonous2 if from its      
leaves you extract      an empyreumatic 
oil1 a single drop of it will cause an  
animal to die in horrible convulsions4  
,suppose we offer this      plant for   
sale chopped up or reduced to a powder4 
,we will      sell it very dear1 and    
tell people to stuff the powder up      
their noses4       ',that is to say1 ,i 
suppose1 you will force them to do so by
      law8'       ',not a bit of it4 ,i 
spoke of a voluntary tax4 ,as to the    
portion we chop up1 we will tell them to
 inhale it1 and      swallow a little of
 the smoke from it besides4'       ',but
 it will kill them4'       ',no2 they   
will become rather pale1 perhaps feel   
giddy1 spit      blood1 and suffer from 

colics1 or have pains in the            
chest--that's all4 ,besides1 you know1  
although it has been      often said    
that habit is second nature1 people are 
not yet      aware how completely man   
resembles the knife1 of which the       
blade first and then the handle had been
 changed two or      three times4 ,in   
man there is no nature left--nothing but
      habit remains4 ,people will become
 like ,mithridates1 who had      learnt 
to live on poisons4       ',the first   
time that a man will smoke he will feel 
sickness1 nausea1 giddiness1 and colics2
 but that will go      off by degrees1  
and in time he will get so accustomed to
 it1      that he will only feel such   
symptoms now and then--when he          
smokes tobacco that is bad1 or too      
strong--or when he is not      well1 and
 in five or six other cases4 ,those who 
take it in      powder will sneeze1 have
 a disagreeable smell1 lose the         
sense of smelling1 and establish in     
their nose a sort of      perpetual     

blister4'       ',then1 ,i suppose it   
smells very nice4'       ',quite the    
reverse4 ,it has a very unpleasant      
smell2 but1 as      ,i said1 we'll sell 
it very dear1 and reserve to ourselves  
the monopoly of it4'       ',my good    
friend1' one would have said to any one 
absurd      enough to hold a similar    
language1 'nobody will envy you the     
privilege of selling a weed that no one 
will care to buy4      ,you might as    
well open a shop and write on it3 ,kicks
 sold      here2 or1 ,such-a-one sells  
blows1 wholesale and retail4 ,you       
will find as many customers as for your 
poisonous weed4'       ,well6 who would 
have believed that the first speaker was
      right1 and that the tobacco       
speculation would answer      perfectly6
 ,the kings of ,france have written no  
satires      against snuff1 have had no 
noses cut off1 no snuff-boxes           
confiscated4 ,far from it4 ,they have   
sold tobacco1 laid an      impost on    
noses1 and given snuff-boxes to poets   

with their      portraits on the lid1   
and diamonds all round4 ,this little    
trade has brought them in ,i don't know 
how many millions a      year4 ,the     
potato was far more difficult to        
popularize1 and      has still some     
adversaries4     ,,lord ,,jeffrey ,,and 
,,joanna ,,baillie4   ,joanna ,baillie's
 first volume of poems was severely     
criticised in the ,edinburgh ,review by 
,jeffrey4 ,in an article upon the       
deceased poetess in ,chambers's         
,journal1 we have an account of her     
subsequent relations with the reviewer4 
,she visited ,edinburgh in #ahjh4       
,as she did not refuse to go into       
company1 she could not be      long in  
that city without encountering ,francis 
,jeffrey1 the      foremost man in the  
bright train of beaux-esprits which     
then adorned the society of the         
,scottish capital4 ,he would      gladly
 have been presented to her2 and if she 
had permitted      it1 there is little  
doubt that in the eloquent flow of his  

delightful and genial conversation1     
enough of the admiration      he really 
felt for her poetry must have been      
expressed1 to      have softened her    
into listening at least with patience to
      his suggestions for her           
improvement4 ,but in vain did the       
friendly ,mrs4 ,betty ,hamilton         
7authoress of ',the ,cottagers of       
,glenburnie'7 beg for leave to present  
him to her when they      met in her    
hospitable drawing-room2 and equally in 
vain were      the efforts made by the  
good-natured ,duchess of ,gordon to     
bring about an introduction which she   
knew was desired at      least by one of
 the parties4 ,it was civilly but coldly
      declined by the poetess2 and      
though the dignified reason             
assigned was the propriety of leaving   
the critic more      entirely at liberty
 in his future strictures than an       
acquaintance might perhaps feel himself1
 there seems      little reason to doubt
 that soreness and natural resentment   

had something to do with the refusal4   
,it was in the autumn of #ahbj that     
,miss ,baillie paid her      last visit 
to ,scotland1 and passed those          
delightful days      with ,sir ,walter  
,scott at ,abbotsford1 the second of    
which is      so pleasantly given in    
,mr4 ,lockhart's life of the bard4 ,her 
friends again perceived a change in her 
manners4 ,they had      become blander1 
and much more cordial4 ,she had probably
 been      now too long admired and     
reverently looked up to not to          
understand her own position1 and the    
encouragement which1      essentially   
unassuming as she was1 would be         
necessary from      her to reassure the 
timid and satisfy the proud4 ,she had   
magnanimously forgiven and lived down   
the unjust severity of      her         
,edinburgh critic1 and now no longer    
refused to be made      personally known
 to him4 ,he was presented to her by    
their      mutual friend1 the amiable   
,dr4 ,morehead4 ,they had much          

earnest and interesting talk together1  
and from that hour to      the end of   
their lives entertained for each other a
 mutual      and cordial esteem4 ,after 
this1 ,jeffrey seldom visited           
,london without indulging himself in a  
friendly pilgrimage to      the shrine  
of the secluded poetess2 and it is      
pleasing to      find him writing of her
 in the following cordial way in        
later years3 ,london1 ,april #bh1       
#ahdj4--;,i forgot to tell      you that
 we have been twice out to ,hampstead to
 hunt out      ,joanna ,baillie1 and    
found her the other day as fresh1       
natural1 and amiable as ever--and as    
little like a ,tragic      ,muse4 ,since
 old ,mrs4 ,brougham's death1 ,i do not 
know so nice      an old woman4 ,and    
again1 in ,january #g1 #ahdb4--,we went 
to      ,hampstead1 and paid a very     
pleasant visit to ,joanna ,baillie1     
who is marvellous in health and spirits1
 and youthful      freshness and        
simplicity of feeling1 and not a bit    

deaf1      blind1 or torpid4            
,authors and ,books4   ,,dr4 ,,titus    
,,tobler1 a ,swiss savan1 has just      
published a work entitled ,golgotha1 its
 ,churches and ,cloisters1 in the course
 of which he undertakes the ,jerusalem  
question1 or the discussion of the      
probable localities of the ,scripture   
narrative of the crucifixion4 ,among the
 able ,german accounts of this treatise1
 which cannot fail to arrest the        
attention of the sacred student1 we find
 the following notice of ,professor     
,robinson1 the first profound and       
adequate contemporary authority upon the
 subject3 ,until the ,american          
,robinson1 all the early comparisons and
 criticisms upon the holy sepulchre were
 based much more upon instinct and      
furious sectarianism1 than upon a       
generous love of truth and a genuine    
insight into the matter4 ,only with     
wearisome effort1 and not without the   
consent of the whole ,church power1 was 
,robinson's mighty grasp upon pious     

tradition repelled4 ,in the main        
question the learned ,yankee was not    
altogether wrong4 ,but he is too rash in
 battle1 too impatient1 too reckless1   
too ambitious1 and his armor was        
evidently not proof in all parts4 ,even 
the knowledge of the ,semitic orient1 of
 its antiquities and customs1 seems1 if 
we may say so without offence to        
transatlantic vanity1 a little          
threadbare4 ,but the ,robinsonian breach
 in the wall was not to be entirely     
plastered up and its traces concealed4  
,this ,american has first recognized the
 right way of breaking into the citadel 
of tradition2 others1 with more or less 
skill1 have followed his track and      
widened the breach4 ,but it was reserved
 for the inflexible ability of ,dr4     
,tobler to dig up the very foundations1 
although he is no centaur1 no giant1 and
 in the pride of strength1 does not     
scorn a childlike faith4         99     
99       99       99       99  ,among   
recent ,german romances we note second  

and third editions of ,,jeremias        
,,gotthelf',s ,sylvester-,dream1 and the
 ,peasant's ,mirror1 or a               
,life-,history4 ,the author is not much 
known beyond ,germany1 but is there     
recognized as having the greatest       
certainty and correctness in            
delineation1 the most genial principle1 
and the soundest and freshest life of   
any contemporary writer4 ,the           
,sylvester-,dream is as vague and       
fantastic1 and of the same electrical   
effect1 as the similar sparkling flights
 of ,dickens and ,jean ,paul4 ,uriel the
 ,devil1 a satirical romance1 in eight  
pictures1 bears the name of ,kaulbach1  
but whether the author is related to    
,william ,kaulbach1 the great painter1  
we have no means of ascertaining4 ,this1
 with the ,memorabilia of a ,german     
,house-,servant are spoiled by their    
imitations of ,jean ,paul1 and the      
latter is somewhat strongly infected    
with ,hoffman's ,phantasies4 ,but they  
are both books of more than common      

talent4 ,two romances by two women are  
most curtly and contemptuously noticed1 
in a style of uncourteous condemnation  
hardly to be paralleled in ,england or  
,america1 in which countries the        
chivalry of private respect for the fair
 sex always ameliorates condemnation of 
their writings4 ,of these two books     
there is little else to say than that   
they are moral and respectable1 and     
extremely well written for women4 ,the  
former author has the rare and memorable
 heroism in a woman to allow her heroine
 to reach her thirty-fourth year4       
,levin ,schuneking formerly             
,grand-,master at the ,court of the     
,elector of ,cologne1 has just published
 ,the ,peasant ,prince1 a romance1      
called in ,germany his best work4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,,kohl1 the traveller or writer of      
travels1 has just published a book upon 
the ,rhine1 which is not of the usual   
character of his works1 as the author   
perhaps feared too much the criticising 

contrast of ,victor ,hugo's ,rhine1 to  
undertake a detailed and sprightly      
description of the present life and     
aspect of the country4 ,the new work is1
 in fact1 an attempt to portray1        
according to ,ritter's principles1 a    
famous river region in its geological1  
historical and statistical relations2   
and from this point of view to present  
it vividly to the mind4 ,the contents   
are simple and succinctly arranged1 and 
the book is a signal success in the     
popularization of the results of recent 
geographical research4 ,it has the same 
relation to the old river guide books1  
that ,ritter's philosophical geography  
has to the old geographies4         99  
99       99       99       99           
,,anastasius ,,grun1 the famous ,german 
poet1 has just edited the poetical      
remains of ,nicolaus ,lenau1 of whom    
,auerbach wrote a graceful reminiscence 
for the ,german ,museum1 under the title
 of ,lenau's last ,summer4 ,the chief   
poem of the collection is entitled ,don 

,juan1 which1 although not fully        
finished1 the ,german critics highly    
extol4 ,soon after the death of ,lenau1 
in a madhouse1 last year1 we gave some  
account of him in the ,international4   
99       99       99       99       99  
,of ,sir ,,charles ,,lyell',s ,second   
,journey in ,america1 which ,mr4 ,e4    
,dieffenbach has rendered into ,german1 
the ,germans say that its geniality and 
gentlemanliness1 its graceful and       
striking pictures of the state of       
society1 politics1 and religion1 and its
 popular treatment of scientific        
subjects1 make it altogether charming4  
,a reviewer notes what ,lyell says of   
the universal tendency to read among the
 ,american laboring classes1 and quotes 
some interesting facts1 as that one     
house published eighty thousand copies  
of ,eugene ,sue's ,wandering ,jew1 in   
various forms and at various prices4    
,the same house had sold forty thousand 
copies of ,macaulay's ,history of       
,england1 at the end of the first three 

months1 at prices varying from fifty    
cents to four dollars1 while other      
houses had sold twenty thousand copies1 
and this sale of sixty thousand copies  
while ,longman was selling fifteen      
thousand at one pound twelve shillings4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,the ,countess ,,hahn-,,hahn1 who for   
several years has occupied in ,german   
literature a position corresponding to  
that of ,george ,sand in ,france1 with  
whose views of life and society she     
strongly sympathized1 and whose         
,faustina and other works were          
republished here1 has recently become a 
,roman ,catholic1 as our readers will   
have seen1 and has just written the     
following letter to a ,hamburg journal3 
,to correct some misapprehension1 ,i    
feel it to be my duty to      declare   
that the new edition of my complete     
works announced      by ,alexander      
,duncker in ,berlin is no new series1   
but an      edition with a new title4 ,a
 new series of those writings      will 

never appear1 as ,i no longer recognize 
as my own the      spirit in which they 
were written4                           
,,ida1 ,,countess ,,hahn-,,hahn4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,,david ,,copperfield has been          
translated into ,german1 with the       
peculiarities of speech of the different
 classes of characters unattempted4 ,old
 ,pegotty and ,ham speak pure           
,castilian4 ,it is easy to see how the  
dramatic character of the book is thus  
lost4 ,indeed1 ,dickens is almost the   
only very famous ,english author who is 
not much translated4 ,the ,battle of    
,life1 one of the least valuable and    
characteristic of his works1 is well    
known upon the ,continent1 because it   
was so easy to translate4 ,but what can 
a descendant of ,dante1 for instance1   
ever know of the drolleries of ,sam     
,weller8 ,fancy a spiritual ,frenchman  
trying to catch the fun of ,pickwick6   
99       99       99       99       99  
,mr4 ,judd's ,richard ,edney induces a  

,german critic to say of him1 ,this is a
 new ,english poet of the ,carlyle and  
,emerson school1 who1 inspired by the   
example of ,jean ,paul1 turn the        
,english language topsy-turvy1 and      
introduce a jargon that makes us        
satisfied with our own romantic         
barbarism4         99       99       99 
99       99  ,mrs4 ,s4 ,c4 ,,hall',s    
,sorrows of ,women has been also        
translated into ,german1 and is highly  
praised4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,in ,vienna1 most of the   
recent publications have more or less   
relation to affairs4 ,there is very     
little of pure literature4 ,m4 de       
,zsedenyi1 one of the most capable      
,hungarian political writers1 has       
published a work entitled               
,responsibility of the ,cabinet and the 
,state of ,hungary4 ,the author of ,the 
,genesis of the ,revolution1 7supposed  
to be ,count ,hartig1 who was a         
,minister without portfolio under       
,prince ,metternich7 has again appeared 

before the public with #adf closely     
printed pages of ,night ,thoughts1 some 
of which had better never have seen the 
light of day4 ,a ,mr4 ,schwarz has      
published a work advocating protection1 
and in it he spares neither ,england nor
 the ,austrian ,minister of ,commerce4  
,free trade notions have indeed been    
attacked in a score of books by         
continental thinkers lately1 and free   
trade opinions seem to have received1   
throughout ,europe1 a most decided      
check4         99       99       99     
99       99  ,the late ,prince          
,,valdimar1 of ,russia1 made three or   
four years ago a journey to ,india1 and 
besides taking part with the ,british   
army in sundry engagements1 occupied    
himself busily in investigating the     
manners and customs of the people1 the  
antiquities1 history1 and natural       
productions of the country4 ,he wrote an
 account of his journey1 and illustrated
 it with numerous drawings4 ,his family 
is now causing this to be printed and   

the drawings to be engraved1 and in a   
short time the work will be completed4  
,only three hundred copies are to be    
struck off1 and they are to be presented
 to royal and illustrious personages4   
,the getting up of the publication will 
cost #dj1jjj thalers4         99        
99       99       99       99  ,m4      
,,leon ,,de ,,monbeillard has written a 
little treatise upon the ,ethics of     
,spinoza1 in which--being a spiritualist
 who admits the dogma of the creation   
and of human personality--he is said to 
have refuted the great philosopher1 yet 
without calumniating or disfiguring his 
doctrines1 and with a constant          
admiration of all that is truly         
admirable in ,spinoza4  ,the work has   
not yet crossed the sea1 but we cannot  
help thinking that the colossal views of
 so great a mind are not to be entirely 
disproved in the delicate dimensions of 
an opuscule1 as the able little treatise
 of ,m4 ,montbeillard is called by the  
critics4         99       99       99   

99       99  ,,joseph ,,russegger1      
imperial director of the mines at       
,schemnitz1 has published the results of
 five years' travel in ,europe1 ,asia1  
and ,africa1 comprising a universal     
scientific and artistic as well as      
social and picturesque view of those    
countries4 ,it is in four volumes1 very 
splendidly illustrated in all these     
departments1 and is published at a cost 
of forty dollars4         99       99   
99       99       99  ,dr4 ,,david      
,,friedrich ,,strauss1 the famous       
rationalist1 has published a work       
entitled ,christian ,marklein1 a picture
 of life and character from the present 
time1 giving charming if not very new   
views of the ,wurtemberg theological    
schools4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,in the ,german            
,universities1 it appears from the      
census just taken1 with the exceptions  
of those of ,koenigsberg1 ,kiel1 and    
,rostock1 the numbers for which have not
 been officially returned1 there were   

for the last term on the registers      
#aa1ide students4 ,the universities may 
be classed1 according to the number of  
students at each1 in this order3        
,berlin1 ,munich1 ,bonn1 ,leipsic1      
,breslau1 ,tubingen1 ,goettingen1       
,wurzburg1 ,halle1 ,heidelberg1         
,giessen1 ,erlangen1 ,friburg1 ,jena1   
,marburg1 ,greifswalde4 ,berlin has     
#b1ajg students1 and ,greifswalde only  
#ahi4 ,the number studying the law is   
#c1igc2 of theological students1 #b1eci2
 pursuing the study of philosophy and   
philology1 #b1ceg2 medical students1    
#b1adf2 and there are #edi engaged in   
political economy4 ,halle reckons the   
greatest proportional number of         
theological students1 there being #ccj  
out of a total of #eig2 ,heidelberg has 
most students of law2 ,wurzburg1 most of
 medicine2 and ,jena1 most students of  
theology4 ,the greatest numbers of      
foreign students are to be found at     
,heidelberg1 ,gottingen1 ,jena1         
,wurzburg1 and ,leipsic4         99     

99       99       99       99  ,the     
,independence ,belge gives an account of
 ,frau ,pfeiffer1 a woman who left      
,vienna several years ago to travel     
alone in the most distant and           
unfrequented parts of the world4 ,after 
visiting ,palestine and ,egypt1         
,scandinavia and ,iceland1 she landed in
 ,brazil1 penetrated the primitive      
forests1 and lived among the natives2   
from ,valparaiso she traversed the      
,pacific to ,otaheite1 thence to ,china1
 ,singapore1 ,ceylon1 ,hindostan1 to the
 caves of ,adjunta and ,ellora to       
,bombay1 whence she sailed up the       
,tigris1 to ,bagdad1 and then entered   
upon the arduous journey to ,babylon1   
,nineveh1 and into ,kurdistan2 and      
passing to the ,caucasus1 she embarked  
for ,constantinople1 visiting ,greece in
 her way home to ,germany4 ,she is now  
in ,london1 visiting the ,great         
,exposition4         99       99        
99       99       99  ,,ferdinand       
,,hiller1 ,superintendent of the        

,cologne ,musical ,academy1 and a       
contemporary and friend of ,mendelssohn1
 whom1 in the beginning1 it was supposed
 he would surpass as a composer1 has    
been recently in ,paris1 renewing his   
old experiences4 ,he saw there most of  
the famous literary and artistic        
notabilities1 and gossips pleasantly    
about them in the feuilleton of a       
,german journal4 ,he saw ,henry ,heine1 
whose body is almost dead1 but whose    
mind is as vigorous as ever4 ,hiller    
says that ,heine chatted with him about 
,god and himself1 of the ,king of       
,prussia1 and of ,hiller--of the        
,frankfort ,parliament and his own      
songs4 ,heine's features1 he says1 are  
interesting1 and even more beautiful    
than they were formerly4 ,the fallen    
cheeks leave the noble oval of the head 
and the delicately chiselled nose       
mournfully apparent4 ,the eyes are      
closed4 ,he can only see with the left1 
by elevating the lid with his finger4   
,he wears a close-trimmed beard1 and his

 hair is as brown and luxuriant as ever4
 ,the slim white hand is ideally        
beautiful4 ,it belongs1 according to the
 doctrine of ,carns1 to the class of the
 purely psychological4 ,heine had just  
written a song for a ,german composer2  
and that no poet can sing more sweetly  
for music1 the many of his verses which 
,schubert has married to immortal tune  
sufficiently indicate4 ,mendelssohn also
 composed the most dreamily delicate    
music to ,heine's ,moonlight on the     
,ganges4  ,ingres1 the painter1 now     
seventy years old1 the pride and model  
of the severe classicists of the ,french
 school1 is a comely old man1 with rich 
dark hair1 luminous eye1 and smooth     
brow4 ,he is still light and active in  
movement1 and a genial serenity broods  
over his whole character and manner4    
,his love of music is no less           
enthusiastic than that of a lover for   
his mistress4 ,the great ,german        
composers are great gods to ,ingres4    
,the remembrance of a beautiful sonata  

fills his eyes with tears4 ,ingres has  
recently finished a portrait1 which is  
not inferior to any thing he has ever   
done4  ,of musical men1 ,hiller saw     
,halevy1 a successful composer and      
genial companion1 with a gentle strain  
of irony in his conversation4 ,hector   
,berlioz has not grown to be fifty      
without some of the snowy tracks of     
time1 but the volcanic genius is still  
alive4 ,his conversation is like an     
eruption1 now a burning lava-stream of  
glowing inspiration1 now sulphurous     
mockery and scorn1 and now1 wide-flying1
 a shower of sharp stones of criticism4 
,he tells the most laughable stories of 
his ,london life1 and his musical       
difficulties and experiences there4 ,in 
,paris he is only librarian of the      
,conservatoire1 and director of great   
concerts4  ,jules ,janin1 the sparkling 
,j4 ,j4 of the ,journal des ,debats1 and
 the grand seigneur of the ,parisian    
feuilletonistes1 leads the most         
loitering1 pleasant life1 and grows     

merry and fat thereby4 ,he sits upon a  
luxurious ottoman1 wrapped in a gorgeous
 robe de chambre1 by the fire-place of  
his beautifully adorned study1 and there
 among his books and bijoux of taste and
 art1 gives audience to all the world4  
,he has visits without end4 ,he gives   
instruction and advice1 hears all that  
every body has to say1 applauds         
extravagantly1 as he writes1 all things 
in this world and some more1 until it is
 time to go to dinner1 or to see a new  
vaudeville4 ,he has beside a beautiful  
wife1 and suffers with the gout4 ,could 
his cup be fuller8  ,the poet ,beranger1
 too1 who seems to ,hiller the          
songfullest of song-writers1 charmed him
 by the gravity1 and sweetness1 and     
nobility of his character4 ,beranger    
received him quietly at ,passy1 near    
,paris1 where he resides1 a hale old man
 of more than seventy years4 ,his hair  
is white1 but his face has the freshness
 of blooming health4 ,in his features   
there is a remarkable blending of       

geniality and intelligent sharpness4    
,they are largely moulded1 and their    
general expression is as generous1 fine1
 and graceful as his verses4 ,the       
perfect simplicity of his household is  
very striking4 ,the only hints of any   
luxury are some medallion portraits1    
among which ,hiller observed ,napoleon  
and ,lamartine4 ,yet this severity is so
 evidently the result of taste and not  
of poverty1 that it has no unpleasant   
effect4 ,the beauty and richness of his 
conversation filled his visitor with the
 greatest regret that he could not      
record it all4 ,his first great         
remembrance is the destruction of the   
,bastille4 ,his essay in literature was 
by the songs which circulated           
universally in manuscript before they   
were printed4 ,but his literary ambition
 was toward works of great scope and    
extent1 and it was not until after      
thirty years of age that he felt        
distinctly what he could do best4 ,of   
his songs he said1 ,i present to myself 

a song1 as a great composition--,i      
sketch a complete plan1 beginning1      
middle1 and end1 and make the refrain   
the quintessence of the whole4  ,while  
,beranger was finding a letter1 he      
opened a drawer1 in which ,hiller saw   
scraps of song and sketches of poems1   
which he longed to seize1 as a wistful  
boy would grab at the money piles in a  
banker's window4 ,the following is the  
letter in which ,beranger speaks of the 
,marseillaise3       ,i thank you1      
,madame1 for the pleasant letter which  
you      addressed to me4 ,it has       
revealed to me a noble heart1 and       
although ,i do not believe such hearts  
as rare as many say1      it is always a
 fair fortune to meet them4       ,what 
you say of the ,marseillaise is entirely
 just4 ,but      remember1 ,madame1 that
 it is the people itself1 which always  
selects its songs1 words1 and melodies1 
uninfluenced by any      one in the     
world4 ,once made1 this choice endures1 
with      authority even among the later

 generations1 whose experience          
would not have made it4       ,i have   
often enough thought about a new song of
 the kind1      but ,i am too old now1  
and the circumstances of the time have  
robbed my voice of power4 ,you1 ,madame1
 saw the true thought      of the song  
which should be now sung1 and ,i lament 
that you      find the poetical harness 
not flexible enough for it4       ,as to
 your remarks upon my new songs1 ,i must
 say that ,i      trouble myself as     
little about the destiny of my younger  
daughters as about that of their elder  
sisters4 ,and ,i am      surprised that 
you speak to me of a ,lierman1 who      
should have      known me4 ,excuse1     
,madame1 my delay in acknowledging and  
thanking you for your letter1 and       
believe me your devoted1                
,,beranger4           99       99       
99       99       99  ,a recent ,italian
 translation of the ,diplomats and      
,diplomacy of ,italy1 which first       
appeared in ,professor ,von ,raumer's   

,pocket ,book for #ahda1 contains three 
hitherto unprinted ,,mss4 from the      
,venetian archives4 ,they are curious   
and interesting1 as indicating the      
strict surveillance which the republic  
maintained1 by means of its ambassadors1
 over the whole world of the period4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,,mr4 ,,willis',s ,hurry-,graphs have a 
,french rival in the ,pensees d'un      
,emballeur1 by ,m4 ,commerson1 chief    
editor of the ,tintamarre 7,paris       
journal47 ,they are called fantastic1   
original and forcible4         99       
99       99       99       99  ,a work  
to create some surprise1 coming from    
,spain1 is the ,persecution of the      
,spanish ,protestants by ,philip the    
,second1 by ,don ,,adolpho ,,de         
,,castro4 ,the name of ,castro is       
honorably distinguished in ,spanish     
literature4 ,the present author is a    
grandson1 we believe1 of ,rodriguez de  
,castro1 who wrote the ,,biblioteca     
,,espanola4 ,he displays abilities and a

 temper suitable for the task he        
attempted2 he has joined to careful and 
intelligent research a bravery of       
characterization which quite relieves   
his work from the censures which belong 
to most ,spanish compositions of its    
class4 ,that he could print in ,madrid a
 work in which statecraft and           
ecclesiastical persecutions are so      
frankly dealt with1 is a fact of more   
significance than a dozen such          
revolutions as have vexed the slumbers  
of other states4 ,in ,spain1 above all  
countries1 the spread of a taste for    
historical studies must be regarded as  
pregnant with important consequences4   
,it shows that the barriers of ignorance
 and self-conceit1 which have so long   
isolated that country from the rest of  
,europe1 are beginning to be effectually
 broken down4 ,to the common ,protestant
 reader1 indeed1 ,de ,castro's work will
 appear studiously moderate1 or perhaps 
timid4 ,but it should be remembered that
 it was written for a public which is   

four or five centuries behind our own1  
in all that constitutes true liberty and
 enlightenment2 and what would appear   
most gratuitous cowardice here may      
easily enough be remarkable courage in  
,spain4 ,to speak in favor of           
,protestantism at all1 still more to    
become the biographer of the ,protestant
 martyrs1 is an undertaking which       
demands from a ,spaniard1 even of the   
present day1 no ordinary amount of      
resolution4 ,and we should be by no     
means surprised to hear that ,de ,castro
 has been1 in one way or another1 made  
to pay some penalty of his rash         
enterprise4 ,that it is both a dangerous
 and an unpopular one is manifest from  
the caution with which historical as    
well as religious topics are treated4   
,compiling what we cannot better        
characterize than as a ,spanish         
supplement to ,fox's ,book of ,martyrs1 
the author nowhere professes himself a  
,protestant4 ,and the slow and gradual  
way in which he unmasks the character of

 ,philip ,,ii41 shows how haughty and   
sensitive are the public whom he has    
undertaken to disabuse of a portion of  
the inveterate pride and prejudice which
 they nourish on all subjects affecting 
their church or their country4 ,on the  
whole1 however1 though the ,protestant  
reader will occasionally desiderate a   
little more warmth and indignation when 
chronicling such atrocities1 we should  
say that the book rather gains than     
loses by this studied moderation both in
 tone and opinions4 ,it certainly gains 
in dignity and impressiveness2 and it is
 vastly better adapted to make its way  
with the author's countrymen1 than if he
 had betrayed at the outset a sectarian 
bias1 which would have revolted them1   
before they had time to make            
acquaintance with the sad and sanguinary
 events of which he is the historian4   
,the ground gone over is necessarily    
much the same as in ,m',crie's ,history 
of the ,reformation in ,spain1 a work   
which possibly suggested the            

undertaking1 and to which ,de ,castro   
gives due credit for learning and       
ability4 ,his advantage over the        
,scottish historian consists in his     
command of a variety of documents in    
print and in manuscript1 to which access
 could be had only in ,spain1 especially
 the publications of the ,spanish       
reformers themselves1 which are         
exceedingly rare in consequence of the  
pains taken to destroy them by the      
,inquisition4 ,the most remarkable      
result obtained by ,de ,castro's        
researches1 and the feature in his work 
for which he claims the greatest credit 
is the new light he has thrown on the   
history of ,don ,carlos4 ,but           
unfortunately the question as to the    
,protestantism of that prince remains in
 much the same obscurity as before4 ,his
 having been tainted by heretical       
opinions would aid certainly in         
accounting for his father's malignity   
towards him2 but otherwise there seems  
to be no proof of the fact2 and our own 

opinion is1 that his tolerant views as  
to the treatment of the ,flemish        
provinces were misconstrued into bias   
towards ,protestant doctrines4 ,the     
inference relied on by ,de ,castro and  
others1 that if he had remained         
,catholic he must have shared his       
father's extravagant bigotry1 is lame4  
,don ,carlos did no more than follow the
 usual course of heirs apparent when he 
disapproved of his father's tyranny2 and
 his sympathies with ,aragon are not    
less marked than those with ,flanders4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,,longworth1 who distinguished himself  
in the ,hungarian troubles1 is writing a
 history of them4 ,there is promise of  
so many books upon the subject that we  
shall be able to find out nothing about 
it4 ,by the way1 we wonder that no one  
has yet chosen for a motto to place upon
 his title-page1 this sentence1 which   
,lord ,bolingbroke wrote more than a    
hundred years ago3       ,i mean to     
speak of the troubles in ,hungary4      

,whatever they      become in their     
progress1 they were caused originally by
 the      usurpations and persecutions  
of the emperor4 ,and when the           
,hungarians were called rebels first1   
they were called so for      no other   
reason than this1 that they would not be
 slaves4  ,it is from his ,letters on   
,history1 and occurs where he has been  
speaking of the hostility of foreign    
powers to ,austria4         99       99 
99       99       99  ,a ,,penny        
,,magazine1 in the ,bengalese language1 
is to be established in ,calcutta1 under
 the editorship of ,baboo ,rajendralal  
,mittra1 the librarian of the ,asiatic  
,society4 ,it is to be illustrated by   
electrotypes executed in ,england1 of   
woodcuts which have already appeared in 
the ,penny ,magazine1 the ,saturday     
,magazine1 and the ,illustrated ,news4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,a ,,native of ,india has translated the
 tragedy of ,othello into ,bengalee     
,othello's cognomen in the ,oriental    

version is ,moor ,bahadoor 7,general    
,moor74         99       99       99    
99       99  ,,in ,,italy1 at ,turin and
 ,florence1 a great number of valuable  
works have been issued1 illustrative of 
the recent revolutions4 ,they do not    
claim to be histories1 for history is   
impossible1 while events are            
contemporary and cannot be contemplated 
from a universal point of principle and 
analysis4 ,but these volumes are what   
the ,french with their happy facility   
would call studies for history4 ,they   
are the material from which the great   
historic artists must compose their     
pictures--they are the diary of the     
movement--they follow all the changes of
 the time1 hopeful or despondent1 with  
the fidelity and closeness of an ,indian
 upon the trail4 ,we have seen several  
of these publications1 and hope ere many
 months to see a treatise upon the      
republican movement in ,europe from a   
pen well able to sketch it1 and which is
 fed by ink which is never for a moment 

red4  ,the largest and most important of
 these works is that of ,m4 ,gualterio1 
just published in ,florence1 which      
comprises several letters of the        
,austrian lackey1 ,francis ,,iv41 ,duke 
of ,modenas1 and throws light upon many 
of the darkest passages of the dark     
,austria-,italico policy4 ,among other  
letters1 also1 one of the most          
remarkable is that of the ,cardinal     
,gonsalvi1 well known as the able and   
humane ,prime ,minister of ,pius ,,vii41
 and to whose memory there is now upon  
the walls of ,st4 ,peter's a monument by
 ,thorwaldsen1 of which a statue of the 
,cardinal is part4 ,this letter speaks  
of the miserable conduct of the         
political trials1 and justice1 he says1 
charity1 the most ordinary decency      
demands that all humanity shall not be  
so trampled under foot4 ,what will the  
,english and ,french journals say--not  
the ,austrian1 when they learn of this  
massacre of the innocents4 ,this was    
thirty years ago4 ,but at this moment1  

were there an able and humane minister  
at the ,vatican1 how truly might he     
repeat ,gonsalvi's words6  ,it is in    
works like these1 and in the journals   
and pamphlets published during the      
intensity of the struggle1 that the     
still-surviving ,italian genius1 which  
it has been so long the northern policy 
to smother and repress1 betrayed itself4
 ,nor among these works1 as striking    
another key1 ought we to omit the       
,souvenirs of the ,war of ,lombardy by  
,m4 de ,talleyrand-,perigord4 ,duke of  
,dino--and the history of the           
,revolution of ,rome by ,alphonse       
,balleydier4 ,the ,souvenirs are devoted
 to the glory of the unhappy ,king      
,charles ,albert1 the dupe of his own   
vanity and the victim of his own        
weakness4  ,upon the pages of ,m4 le    
,duc de ,dino1 however1 he blazes very  
brilliantly as a martyr--martyr of a    
cause hopeless even in the first flush  
of success--martyr of an army without   
enthusiasm1 of a liberalism without     

freedom or heroism4 ,the ,english       
royalists1 the reader will remember1    
were fond of the same title for the     
unhappy ,charles ,i4  ,in ,m4           
,balleydier's history of the ,roman     
revolution1 ,rossi is the central       
figure1 in whose fate there was         
something extremely heroic1 because he  
had received information1 just as he    
quitted the ,pope's palace to go to the 
assembly1 from a priest who had heard it
 in confidence1 that he was to be       
attacked1 and he must have known the    
,italian1 and especially the ,roman     
character1 sufficiently to have felt    
assured of his fate4 ,after hearing the 
priest1 ,rossi said to him calmly3 ,i   
thank you1 ,monseigneur1 the cause of   
the ,pope is the cause of ,god1 and     
stepping into his carriage drove to the 
palace of the ,cancelleria1 at whose    
door he fell dead1 by a stroke that     
wounded much more mortally the cause    
which condemned him1 than the cause he  
espoused4         99       99       99  

99       99  ,with all our waste of     
money1 and continual boasts of          
encouraging individual merit1 we have   
not yet a single pension in this country
 except to homicides4 ,they manage these
 things better in ,france4 ,a return    
just published in the official          
,moniteur1 shows that one department of 
the government1 that of ,public         
,instruction1 distributes the following 
pensions to literary persons3 five of   
from #djj to #dhj a year2 nine of #cjj  
to #cfj2 twenty-nine of #bjj to #bdj2   
thirty-four of #abj to #ahj2 and fifteen
 of #dj to #ajj4 ,to the widows and     
families of deceased authors1 two of    
#djj to #dej2 six of #cjj to #cfj2      
seventeen of #bjj to #bdj2 twenty-five  
of #abj to #ahj2 and thirty-one of #dj  
to #ajj4 ,in addition to this1 it may be
 mentioned1 that the same department    
distributes a large sum annually1 under 
the title of ,encouragements1 to authors
 in temporary distress1 or engaged in   
works of literary importance and but    

small pecuniary profit4 ,it also awards 
several thousands to learned societies1 
for literary and scientific missions1   
purchases of books1 c4 ,the department  
of the ,interior gives #b1ejj a year in 
subscriptions to different works1 and   
nearly #cj1jjj for indemnities and      
assistance to authors4 ,the other       
departments of the government also      
employ considerable sums in purchasing  
books1 and in otherwise encouraging     
literary men4 ,it is said indeed to be  
no unusual thing for an author1 laboring
 under temporary inconvenience1 to apply
 for a few hundred1 or1 in some cases1  
thousand francs1 and they are almost    
always awarded4 ,no shame whatever is   
attached to the application1 and no very
 extraordinary credit to the gift4      
,surely1 ,france must be a ,paradise for
 authors4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,a ,,bookseller in ,paris  
announces3 ,reflections upon my         
conversations with the ,duke de la      
,vauguyon1 by ,louis-,augustus ,dauphin1

 7,louis ,,xvi417 accompanied by a fac  
simile of the ,,ms41 and with an        
introduction by ,m4 ,,falloux1 formerly 
,minister of ,public ,instruction4      
,falloux is a churchman of the stamp of 
,montalembert4 ,we are apt to doubt the 
genuineness of these luckily discovered 
,,mss4 of eminent persons4 ,we have no  
more faith in this case than we had in  
that of the ,napoleon novels1 mentioned 
in the last ,international4         99  
99       99       99       99  ,the late
 ,m4 ,de ,,balzac1 who1 besides being   
one of the cleverest writers of the age1
 was a brilliant man of society1 and a  
very notorious roue1 left1 it appears1  
voluminous memoirs1 to be printed       
without erasure or addition1 and his    
friends are much alarmed by the prospect
 of their appearance4 ,it is said that  
his custom of extorting letters from his
 friends upon any subject at issue1     
under pretence of possessing an         
imperfect memory1 and his method of     
classing them1 will render his memoirs  

one of the completest scandalous        
tableaux of the nineteenth century that 
could ever be presented to the          
contemplation of another age4           
,opposition to the publication has      
already been offered1 but without       
success1 and the princess-widow is      
busily engaged with the preparations for
 printing1 intending to have the memoirs
 before the world early in ,june4 ,they 
extend minutely over more than twenty   
years4         99       99       99     
99       99  ,m4 ,e4 ,,quinet1 who was  
long associated with ,michelet1 in the  
,college of ,france1 and who is known as
 a writer by his ,alemagne et ,italie1  
,ultramontanisme1 ,vacances en ,espagne1
 etc4 has published in ,paris           
,l',enseignement du ,peuple4 ,on the    
#bdth day of ,february1 #ahdh1 he says1 
a social miracle places in the hands of 
,france the control of its destiny4     
,france1 openly consulted1 replies by   
taking up a position in the scale of    
nations between ,portugal and ,naples4  

,there must be a cause of this voluntary
 servitude2 the object of these pages is
 to discover this cause1 and1 if        
possible1 to protect futurity against   
the effects of its operation4 ,this is  
the problem he proposes to solve1 and he
 concludes that the important secret is 
in the fact1 that the national religion 
is in direct contradiction with the     
national revolution4 ,chained by the    
circumstance of its religion to the     
middle ages1 ,france believes that it   
can march onward to the end of a career 
opened to it solely because of its      
protest against every great principle of
 government which those ages held       
sacred4 ,he has worked ten years1 he    
tells us1 to demonstrate two things3    
,the first1 that catholic states are all
 perishing2 the second1 that no         
political liberty can be realized in    
those states4 ,i have shown1 he         
continues1 ,italy the slave of all      
,europe1 ,spain a slave within1         
,portugal a slave within and without1   

,ireland a slave to ,england1 ,poland a 
slave to ,russia1 ,bohemia1 ,hungary1   
slaves of ,austria--,austria herself1   
the mother of all slavery1 a slave to   
,russia4 ,looking for similar proofs out
 of ,europe1 ,i have shown in ,america1 
on the one hand1 the increasing         
greatness of the heretical ,united      
,states2 on the other hand1 the slavery 
of the catholic democracies and         
monarchies of the south3 in the former a
 ,,washington1 in the second a ,,rosas4 
,m4 ,quinet considers that the only     
remedy applicable to an evil of this    
magnitude is the utter separation of    
church and state4 ,leave but the        
slightest connection between the two1   
and the former will inevitably overpower
 the latter4 ,the one is a compact1     
organized1 single-minded body2 the other
 is scattered1 loosely put together1    
swayed to and fro by every change in the
 political atmosphere1 and can offer no 
resistance that is sufficient to oppose 
the steady1 unremittent attacks of its  

enemy4 ,the two1 therefore1 must not be 
placed in collision4 ,the very          
indifference manifested towards the     
national religion by the great bulk of  
the ,french people is the cause why so  
much danger is to be apprehended from   
the efforts of the church4 ,because a   
religion is dead1 says ,m4 ,quinet1     
there is the danger4 ,a living religion1
 like that of the puritans1 may         
certainly mould the government into a   
despotic form1 but it communicates to   
it1 at least1 a portion of its own power
 and energy1 whilst a dead religion     
infallibly occasions death to the state 
and to the people with which it is      
politically and organically united4 ,he 
argues the whole subject with eloquent  
force1 and with not a little of the     
earnestness which reminds the reader of 
his personal controversies with the     
,roman ,catholic ,church4         99    
99       99       99       99  ,a       
history of ,marie ,stuart1 by ,i4 ,m4   
,dargaud1 has just been published in    

,paris1 and for its brilliancy1         
completeness1 clearness1 and            
impartiality1 attracts much attention4  
,queen ,mary of ,scotland was one of the
 famously beautiful women whose history 
is romance4 ,she must be named with the 
heroines of history and the figures of  
poetry1 with ,helen1 and ,aspasia1 and  
,cleopatra4 ,certainly1 we trace no more
 sparkling and sorrowful career than    
hers upon the confused page of history1 
and our admiration1 condemnation1       
surprise1 sorrow and delight1 fall1     
summed in a tear1 upon her grave4 ,in   
this work it appears that she was       
undoubtedly privy to the death of       
,darnley4 ,during his assassination1 she
 was dancing at ,holyrood4 ,the fearful 
fascination of a brigand like ,bothwell1
 for so proud and passionate a nature as
 ,mary's1 is well explained by ,m4      
,dargaud4 ,he is just1 also1 to her own 
tragedy1 the long and bitter suffering1 
the betrayal of friends2 the final      
despair1 and the laying aside two crowns

 to mount the scaffold4 ,she died nobly1
 and as most of the illustrious victims 
of history have died2 as if nature1     
unwilling that they should live1 would  
yet compassionately show the world in   
their ending1 that heroism and nobility 
were not altogether unknown to them4    
,apropos of this history of ,queen      
,mary1 ,lamartine has written a letter  
to ,beranger1 which praises the work    
exceedingly1 but much more glorifies    
himself4 ,the letter is a perfect       
specimen of that vanity1 wherein only   
,lamartine is sublime3 ,ah6 if you or ,i
 had had such a heroine at twenty years1
 what epic poems and what songs would   
have been the result6         99        
99       99       99       99  ,,the    
,,count ,,montalembert1 the fervid      
champion of ,catholicism in the ,french 
chamber1 has just published a work1     
entitled ,the higher and lower          
,radicalism3 in its enmity to ,religion1
 ,right1 ,freedom and ,justice1 in      
,france1 ,switzerland and ,italy4       

99       99       99       99       99  
,although ,m4 ,,guizot appears to be as 
busily engaged as ever in politics1 the 
advertisements of the booksellers would 
induce a belief that his whole attention
 is given to literary studies4 ,he has  
just published ,etudes ,biographiques   
sur la ,revolution de l',angleterre1    
which1 with his sketch of ,general      
,monk1 he says1 form a sort of gallery  
of portraits of the ,english            
,revolution1 in which personages of the 
most different characters appear        
together--chiefs or champions of sects  
or parties1 parliamentarians1 cavaliers1
 republicans1 levellers1 who1 either at 
the end of the political conflicts in   
which they were engaged1 or when in     
retirement towards the close of their   
lives1 resolved to describe themselves1 
their own times1 and the part they      
played therein4 ,in the drawing together
 of such men1 he adds1 and in the       
mixture of truth and vanity which       
characterize such works1 there is1 if ,i

 do not deceive myself1 sufficient to   
interest persons of serious and curious 
minds1 especially among us and in these 
times2 for in spite of the profound     
diversity of manners1 contemporary      
comparisons and applications will       
present themselves at every step1       
whatever may be the pains taken not to  
seek them4 ,the studies here collected  
we suppose are not new2 they are        
doubtless the articles which the author 
contributed to the ,biographie          
,universelle and other works before he  
became a minister--perhaps1 as in the   
cases of his ,monk and ,washington1 with
 scarcely a word of alteration4 ,the    
work is1 however1 interesting4 ,the     
period of ,english history to which it  
refers has been profoundly studied by   
,guizot1 and it would probably be       
impossible to select a mode of treating 
it that would admit of more effective or
 attractive delineation4 ,the life of   
,ludlow appears as the first of the     
series4         99       99       99    

99       99  ,french ,literature tends  
in a remarkable degree towards          
monarchical institutions4 ,guizot and   
his associates publicly advocate the    
,restoration4 ,m4 ,cousin has published 
a new argument against ,republicanism1  
and ,m4 ,romieu1 whose curious book1    
which men doubted whether to receive as 
a jest or an earnest argument1 ,the ,era
 of the ,caesars--in which he declared  
his belief that the true and only law   
for ,france is force--is before the     
public again1 in a volume entitled ,le  
,spectre ,rouge de #aheb4 ,he predicts  
the subversion of all order1 and such   
terrible scenes as have never been      
witnessed even in ,france1 unless some  
one bold1 resolute1 scorning all        
constitutional figments1 and relying    
solely on his soldiers--some one who    
shall say ,l'etat c'est moi6 shall save 
,france4 ,a ,cromwell1 a ,francia1 or in
 default of such ,louis ,napoleon--any  
one who will constitute himself an      
autocrat1 will become the saviour of    

,france6         99       99       99   
99       99  ,the ,,count ,,de ,,jarnac1
 formerly secretary and charge          
d'affaires of the ,french embassy in    
,london1 has published a novel which is 
well spoken of1 entitled the ,dernier   
d',egmont4         99       99       99 
99       99  ,a ,french traveller in    
upper ,egypt has collected for the      
,parisian ,ethnological ,museum copies  
of many curious inscriptions upon the   
walls of the great temple of ,philae4   
,among others1 there is the modern one  
of ,dessaix1 which the ,parisians think 
reflects the grandiose simplicity of the
 ,republic4 ,the sixth year of the      
,republic1 the thirteenth ,messidor1 a  
,french army commanded by ,bonaparte    
descended upon ,alexandria2 twenty days 
after1 the army having routed the       
,mamelukes at the ,pyramids1 ,dessaix1  
commanding the first division1 pursued  
them beyond the ,cataracts1 where he    
arrived the thirteenth ,ventose of the  
year seven1 with ,brigadier-,generals   

,davoust1 ,friant1 and ,belliard4       
,donzelot1 chief of the staff1 ,la      
,tournerie1 commanding the artillery1   
,eppler1 ,chief of the twenty-first     
,light ,infantry4 ,the thirteenth       
,ventose1 year seven of the ,republic1  
third ,march1 year of ,j4,c41 #agii4    
,engraved by ,casteix4 ,the last date1  
however1 strikes us as a base compromise
 to the temporal prejudices of the      
world1 on the part of the author of this
 simple and grandiose inscription4      
99       99       99       99       99  
,m4 de ,saint ,beauve has published in  
,paris some hitherto inedited ,,mss4 of 
,,mirabeau1 consisting of ,dialogues    
between the great orator and the        
celebrated ,sophie 7,madame de          
,monnier71 written when ,mirabeau was   
confined in the fortress of ,vincennes1 
principally1 it seems1 from the pleasure
 he had in reflecting on the object of  
his passion4 ,he gives an account of    
their first meeting1 the growth of their
 love1 and their subsequent adventures1 

in the language1 no doubt1 as well as he
 could recollect1 that had passed       
between them1 in conversation or in     
letters4 ,there is not much that is     
absolutely new in these papers1 or that 
throws any peculiar light on ,mirabeau's
 character1 but nothing could have been 
written by him which is without a       
certain interest1 especially upon the   
subject of these ,dialogues4            
,circulating-library people had always a
 morbid desire to see illustrious       
personages while under the influence of 
the tender passion4         99       99 
99       99       99  ,progression      
,constante de la ,democratie pendant    
soixante ans1 is the title of a new     
,parisian brochure well noticed4 ,of the
 same character is the ,le              
,mont-,saint-,michel1 by ,martin        
,bernard1 a serial publication devoted  
to the details of the sufferings of     
,democratic martyrs4 ,the author is now 
in exile1 having shown himself too      
republican for the present ,republic4   

99       99       99       99       99  
,victor ,hugo's paper1 ,l',evenement1   
says of ,louis ,philippe's ,gallery at  
the ,palais ,royal1 which the heirs now 
wish to sell1 that it has two paintings 
of ,gericault's1 the ,chasseur and the  
,cuirassier1 and that they symbolize the
 two phases of the ,empire1 victorious  
,france and the ,invasion4 ,he hopes1   
therefore1 that they will not be        
permitted to go out of ,france4         
99       99       99       99       99  
,william ,howitt is writing a life of   
,george ,fox4         99       99       
99       99       99  ,mr4 ,ticknor's   
,history of ,spanish ,literature is     
reviewed in ,la ,revue des ,deux ,mondes
 by ,,prosper ,,merimee1 of whose recent
 travels in the ,united ,states we have 
had occasion to speak once or twice in  
,the ,international4 ,m4 ,merimee is the
 author of a ,life of ,peter the ,cruel1
 of which a translation has been        
published within a few months by        
,bentley in ,london1 and he professes to

 be thoroughly acquainted with ,spanish 
literature1 from a loving study of it   
while residing in ,spain4 ,perhaps he   
had some thought of writing its history 
himself2 he certainly seems to bestow   
unwillingly the praises he is compelled 
to give ,mr4 ,ticknor1 whose            
extraordinary merits he however         
distinctly admits4 ,the writer of this  
,history1 he says1 has gone into immense
 researches2 he has applied himself     
deeply and conscientiously to the       
,castilian language and the ,spanish    
authors3 he has read1 he has examined1  
every thing that the ,english1 ,french1 
and ,germans1 had published on this     
subject4 ,he possessed an advantage over
 the critics of old ,europe--that of    
being able to treat literary questions  
without mixing up with them             
recollections of national rivalries4 ,he
 concludes his article by saying1 ,this 
work is an inestimable repertory2 it    
must be eminently useful in a library4  
,it comprises very good biographical    

notices of the ,spanish authors1 and    
numerous abstracts which obviate the    
necessity of reference to the original  
authorities4 ,the translations1 which   
are copious1 are executed with          
surpassing taste1 to afford an idea of  
the style of the ,spanish poets4 ,thanks
 to the flexibility of the ,english     
language1 and the ability or command of 
the author in using it1 the translations
 are of signal fidelity and elegance4   
,the rhythm1 the flow1 the idiomatic    
grace and curiosa felicitas1 are        
rendered in the most exact and the      
happiest manner4         99       99    
99       99       99  ,by a letter in   
the ,london ,times1 signed ,,ernesto    
,,susanni1 it appears that ,m4 ,,libri  
may be a very much wronged person4 ,the 
readers of the ,international will      
remember his trial1 a few months ago1   
and his condemnation to ten years'      
imprisonment 7in default of judgment71  
and deprivation of the various high     
offices he held1 for having1 as was     

alleged1 stolen from the ,mazarine      
,library1 besides others1 the following 
volumes3 ,petrarca1 gli ,triomphi1      
#adge3 ,bologna1 in folio2 ,pamphyli    
poetae lepidissimi ,epigrammatum libri  
quatuor2 ,faccio degli ,uberti1 opera   
chiamata ,ditta ,munde ,venezia1 #aeja1 
quarto2 ,phalaris ,epistole1 traducte   
del ,latino da ,bartol3 ,fontio1 #adga1 
quarto2 ,dante1 ,convivio3 ,florence1   
#adij1 quarto2 c4 ,m4 ,susanni alleges  
that the learned bibliographer1 ,m4     
,silvestre1 has discovered in the       
,mazarine ,library that1 contrary to the
 very circumstantial affirmation of the 
deed of accusation1 the above-mentioned 
books are still in their places on the  
shelves of that library1 from which they
 have never been absent1 and where any  
one may go and see them1 and verify the 
fact for himself4 ,the persons employed 
to draw up the charges against ,m4      
,libri never appeared to understand that
 two different editions of a work were  
totally different things1 and they have 

accused ,m4 ,libri of having stolen a   
work from a public library1 simply      
because ,m4 ,libri possessed an edition 
of that work1 though different from the 
one the library had lost1 or1 better    
still1 which it had never lost at all4  
,considering all the circumstances1 and 
the attention which was attracted to the
 case throughout the learned world1 this
 is very curious3 it will form one of   
the most remarkable of the causes       
celebres4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,the new ,paris review1 ,la
 ,politique ,nouvelle1 starts bravely   
its career as a rival of ,la ,revue des 
,deux ,mondes4 ,the leading article1 ,la
 ,constitution1 c'est l'order1 is by ,m4
 ,marie1 who was one of the chiefs of   
the ,provisional ,government1 and ,henri
 ,martin1 ,gustave ,cazavan1 and ,paul  
,rochery1 are among the contributors2   
but the best attraction of the work to  
those who do not care for its politics1 
is the beginning of a charming novel by 
,madame ,charles ,reybaud1 the authoress

 of ,tales of the ,old ,convents of     
,paris4         99       99       99    
99       99  ,lamartine's reputation    
declines with every new attempt of his  
at money-making4 ,there was never a man 
capable of doing well a half of what he 
advertises4 ,he is writing a romance on 
the destruction of the ,janizaries1 for 
the ,pays1 another romance for the      
,siecle1 and occasionally gives         
feuilletons to other journals2 he is    
re-editing a complete edition of his own
 works1 writing a history of the        
,restoration1 and a history of ,turkey1 
and has lately begun to edit a daily    
paper4 ,he also continues the monthly   
pamphlet1 of between thirty and forty   
pages1 the ,conseiller du ,peuple1 on   
political matters1 and produces once a  
month a periodical1 ,les ,foyers du     
,peuple1 in which he gives an account of
 his travels1 with tales and verses4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,the ,paris correspondent of the ,london
 ,literary ,gazette states1 that an     

,assyrian1 named ,,furis ,,schycyac1 is 
at present attracting some attention in 
the literary circles4 ,he had just      
arrived from ,london1 where1 it appears1
 he translated the ,bible into ,arabic1 
for one of the religious associations4  
,he has accompanied his debut in        
,parisian society with a mudh1 or poem1 
to ,paris1 in which he almost           
out-,orientals the ,orientals in his    
exaggerated compliments and gorgeous    
imagery4 ,paris1 he declares1 amongst   
other things1 is the terrestrial        
paradise1 the sejour of houris1 and     
,eden2 whilst the people are1 par       
excellence1 the strong1 the generous1   
the brave1 the sincere-hearted1 with no 
faults to diminish their virtues4 ,this 
master-stroke has opened the ,parisian  
circles to the cunning ,assyrian4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,m4 ,leroux has published in ,paris a   
volume of ,reminiscences of ,travel and 
,residence in the ,united ,states1 with 
observations on the ,administration of  

,justice in this country4         99    
99       99       99       99  ,the last
 ,edinburgh ,review has an article on   
,,cousin1 in which a general survey is  
taken of his life and of his works1 of  
which he has just completed the         
publication of a new edition4 ,the      
,london ,leader says that the critic    
ingeniously represents all ,cousin's    
plagiarisms as the consequences of the  
progressive and assimilative intellect  
of the eclectic chief2 that it would be 
easy with the same facts to tell a very 
different story2 and correct the        
reviewer's mistake1 where he talks of   
,cousin as the translator of ,plato4    
,cousin's name is on the title-page2 but
 not one dialogue1 the ,leader avers1   
did he translate2 it even doubts his    
ability to translate one4 ,what he did  
was to take old translations by ,de     
,grow and others1 here and there        
polishing the style2 and the dialogues  
that were untranslated he gave to       
certain clever young men in want of     

employment and glad of his patronage4   
,he touched up their style and wrote the
 ,preface to each ,dialogue1 for which  
the work bears his name6 ,this explains 
the puzzling fact that the translator of
 ,plato should so completely            
misunderstand the purpose of the        
dialogue he is prefacing4 ,gigantic     
indeed would be the labors of           
,cousin--if he performed them himself4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,walter ,savage ,landor is now          
seventy-six years of age4 ,he writes no 
more great works1 but he is hardly less 
industrious than a penny-a-liner in     
writing upon all sorts of subjects for  
the journals4 ,we find his              
communications almost every week in ,the
 ,examiner1 ,the ,news1 ,the ,leader1   
,leigh ,hunt's ,journal1 and other      
periodicals4 ,sometimes he rises to his 
earlier eloquence1 and we hear the voice
 that was loudest and sweetest in the   
,imaginary ,conversations2 but for the  
most part his newspaper pieces are      

feeble and splenetic1 unworthy of him4  
,one of his latest composures has       
relation to ,lord ,lyndhurst1 by whose  
speech against the revolutionary aliens 
in ,england had been excited the ire of 
the old poet4 ,in your paper of this    
day1 ,april #ab1 he writes to the editor
 of ,the ,examiner1 ,i find repeated an 
expression of ,lord ,lyndhurst's1 which 
,i am certain will be offensive to many 
of your readers4 ,general ,klapka1 a man
 illustrious for his military knowledge1
 and for his application of it to the   
defence of his country and her laws1 is 
contemptuously called one ,klapka4 ,the 
most obscure and the most despicable    
7and those only7 are thus designated4   
,surely to have been called by the      
acclamations of a whole people to defend
 the most important of its fortresses is
 quite as exalted a distinction as to be
 appointed a ,lord ,chamberlain or a    
,lord ,chancellor by the favor of one   
minister1 and liable to be dismissed the
 next morning by another4 ,with all     

proper respect for the cleverness of    
,lord ,lyndhurst1 ,i must entreat your  
assistance in discovering one sentence  
he ever wrote1 or spoke1 denoting the   
man of lofty genius or capacious mind4  
,memorable things he certainly has      
said--such as calling by the name of    
aliens a third part of our              
fellow-subjects in these islands1 and by
 the prefix of a certain to the name of 
,klapka4 ,it is strange that sound law  
should not always be sound sense2       
strange that the great seal of equity   
should make so faint and indistinct an  
impression4 ,klapka will be commemorated
 and renowned in history as one beloved 
by the people1 venerated by the         
nobility2 whose voice was listened to   
attentively by the magistrate1          
enthusiastically by the soldier4 ,the   
fame of ,lord ,lyndhurst is ephemeral1  
confined to the ,court of ,chancery and 
the ,house of ,peers2 dozens have shared
 it in each1 and have gone to dinner and
 oblivion4 ,those1 and those alone1 are 

great men whose works or words are      
destined to be the heirlooms of many    
generations4 ,god places them where time
 passes them without erasing their      
footsteps4 ,kings can never make them4  
,they1 if minded so1 could more easily  
make kings4 ,england hath installed one 
,chancellor who might have been         
consummately great1 had there only been 
in his composition the two simple       
elements of generosity and honesty4     
,bacon did not hate freedom1 or the     
friends of freedom2 and1 although he    
cautiously kept clear of so dangerous a 
vicinity1 he never came voluntarily     
forth1 invoking the vindictive spirit of
 a dead law to eliminate them in the    
hour of adversity from their sanctuary4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,the ,rev4 ,moses ,margoliouth1 who was 
once a ,jew1 and who last year published
 a narrative of a journey to ,palestine1
 under the title of ,a ,visit to the    
,land of ,my ,fathers1 has just given to
 the world1 in three octavos1 a ,history

 of the ,jews in ,great ,britain4 ,the  
book is insufferably tame and feeble2   
the author is of the class called in    
,england religious flunkies3 a mastiff  
to the poor and a spaniel to the proud4 
,his first book was disgusting for its  
feebleness and servility1 and this is   
scarcely better1 notwithstanding the    
richness of its materials and the       
curious interest of its subject4 ,a good
 ,history of the ,jews in ,england will 
be a work worth reading4         99     
99       99       99       99  ,the     
,ecclesiastical ,history ,society have  
published in ,london ,strype's          
,memorials of ,cranmer1 ,heylyn's       
,history of the ,reformation1 and       
,field's ,treatise of the ,church4      
,strype and ,heylyn are more familiar   
than ,field1 whose work is a sort of    
supplement to ,hooker's ,polity4 ,field 
resembled his illustrious master and    
friend in judgment1 temper1 and         
learning4 ,in his own day his reputation
 was great4 ,james ,i4 regretted1 when  

he heard of his death1 that he had not  
done more for him2 ,hall1 in reference  
to his own deanery of ,worcester1 which 
had been sought for ,field1 speaks of   
that better-deserving divine1 who was   
well satisfied with greater hopes2 and  
,fuller1 with his accustomed humor of   
thoughtfulness1 bestows his salutation  
on that learned divine whose memory     
smelleth like a field that the ,lord    
hath blessed4         99       99       
99       99       99  ,,the ,,life ,,of 
,,wordsworth1 by ,dr4 ,christopher      
,wordsworth1 has appeared in ,london1   
and with some additions by ,professor   
,henry ,reed1 of ,philadelphia1 will    
soon be issued by ,ticknor1 ,reed       
,fields1 of ,boston4 ,from what the     
critics write of it we suspect it is a  
poor affair4 ,the ,leader says that1 all
 things considered1 it is perhaps the   
worst biographical attempt it ever waded
 through4 ,the ,examiner and other      
leading papers admit its dulness as a   
biography1 and its worthlessness in     

criticism1 but claim for it a certain   
value as a collection of facts          
respecting the histories of             
,wordsworth's different poems4 ,the work
 indeed professes to be no more than a  
biographical commentary on the poet's   
writings4 ,it does not even affect to be
 critical1 or to offer any labored      
exposition of the principles on which   
,wordsworth's poems were composed4 ,the 
author describes his illustrious        
relative as having had no desire that   
any such disquisition should be written4
 ,he wished that his poems should stand 
by themselves1 and plead their own cause
 before the tribunal of posterity4      
,strictly1 then1 the volumes are so     
exclusively subordinate and ministerial 
to the poetry they illustrate1 that     
apart from the latter they possess      
hardly any interest4 ,by enthusiasts for
 the poems they will be eagerly read1   
but to any other class of readers we    
cannot see that they present attraction4
 ,dr4 ,wordsworth's part in them1 though

 small1 is not particularly well done2  
and the poet's part almost exclusively  
consists of personal memoranda connected
 with his poems dictated in later life1 
and seldom by any chance refers to any  
thing but himself4  ,nevertheless there 
are in the volumes many delightful and  
characteristic details1 much genuine and
 beautiful criticism 7chiefly in the    
poet's letters71 and occasional passages
 of fine sentiment and pure philosophy4 
,here is ,wordsworth's own description  
of one of his latest visits to ,london1 
and of his appearance at court1 in a    
letter to an ,american correspondent3   
,my absence from home lately was not of 
more than three weeks4 ,i took the      
journey to ,london solely to pay my     
respects to the ,queen1 upon my         
appointment to the laureateship upon the
 decease of my friend ,mr4 ,southey4    
,the weather was very cold1 and ,i      
caught an inflammation in one of my     
eyes1 which rendered my stay in the     
south very uncomfortable4 ,i            

nevertheless did1 in respect to the     
object of my journey1 all that was      
required4 ,the reception given me by the
 ,queen at her ball was most gracious4  
,mrs4 ,everett1 the wife of your        
minister1 among many others1 was a      
witness to it1 without knowing who ,i   
was4 ,it moved her to the shedding of   
tears4 ,this effect was in part         
produced1 ,i suppose1 by ,american      
habits of feeling1 as pertaining to a   
republican government4 ,to see a        
gray-haired man of seventy-five years of
 age1 kneeling down in a large assembly 
to kiss the hand of a young woman1 is a 
sight for which institutions essentially
 democratic do not prepare a spectator  
of either sex1 and must naturally place 
the opinions upon which a republic is   
founded1 and the sentiments which       
support it1 in strong contrast with a   
government based and upheld as ours is4 
,i am not1 therefore1 surprised that    
,mrs4 ,everett was moved1 as she herself
 described to persons of my             

acquaintance1 among others to ,mr4      
,rogers the poet4 ,by the by1 of this   
gentleman1 now ,i believe in his        
eighty-third year1 ,i saw more than of  
any other person except my host1 ,mr4   
,moxon1 while ,i was in ,london4 ,he is 
singularly fresh and strong for his     
years1 and his mental faculties 7with   
the exception of his memory a little7   
not at all impaired4 ,it is remarkable  
that he and the ,rev4 ,w4 ,bowles were  
both distinguished as poets when ,i was 
a schoolboy1 and they have survived     
almost all their eminent contemporaries1
 several of whom came into notice long  
after them4 ,since they became known1   
,burns1 ,cowper1 ,mason the author of   
',caractacus' and friend of ,gray1 have 
died4 ,thomas ,warton1 ,laureate1 then  
,byron1 ,shelley1 ,keats1 and a good    
deal later ,scott1 ,coleridge1 ,crabbe1 
,southey1 ,lamb1 the ,ettrick ,shepherd1
 ,cary the translator of ,dante1 ,crowe 
the author of ',lewesdon ,hill1' and    
others of more or less distinction1 have

 disappeared4 ,and now of ,english poets
 advanced in life1 ,i cannot recall any 
but ,james ,montgomery1 ,thomas ,moore1 
and myself1 who are living1 except the  
octogenarian with whom ,i began4 ,i saw 
,tennyson1 when ,i was in ,london1      
several times4 ,he is decidedly the     
first of our living poets1 and ,i hope  
will live to give the world still better
 things4 ,you will be pleased to hear   
that he expressed in the strongest terms
 his gratitude to my writings4 ,to this 
,i was far from indifferent1 though     
persuaded that he is not much in        
sympathy with what ,i should myself most
 value in my attempts1 viz41 the        
spirituality with which ,i have         
endeavored to invest the material       
universe1 and the moral relations under 
which ,i have wished to exhibit its most
 ordinary appearances4  ,of the mention 
of ,alfred ,tennyson in the foregoing   
extract the ,examiner remarks1 that it  
is perhaps the greatest stretch of      
appreciation or acknowledgment in regard

 to any living or contemporary poet in  
,wordsworth4 ,his mention of ,southey's 
verses is always reserved and dry4 ,he  
takes no pains to conceal his poor      
opinion of ,scott's4 ,his allusions to  
,rogers are respectful1 but cold4 ,his  
objection to ,byron may be forgiven4    
,there is less reason for his appearing 
quite to lose his ordinarily calm temper
 when ,goethe is even named1 or for his 
extending this unreasoning dislike to   
,goethe's great ,english expositor1     
,carlyle4 ,yet we must not omit1 on the 
other hand1 what he says of ,shelley4   
,shelley1 he admits 7much to our        
surprise71 to have been one of the best 
artists of us all2 ,i mean in           
workmanship of style4         99        
99       99       99       99  ,the     
,london ,standard of ,freedom remarks of
 the article on ,some ,american ,poets  
in the last number of ,blackwood1 that  
it assumes more ignorance in ,england as
 to ,american poetry than actually      
exists4 ,our readers will readily       

believe this when advised that the      
critic regards ,longfellow as a greater 
poet than ,bryant6 whom he classes with 
,mrs4 ,hemans4         99       99      
99       99       99  ,m4 ,,comte has   
quitted metaphysics to reform the       
calendar1 but probably will not succeed 
better than those who attempted the same
 thing during the first ,french         
revolution4 ,we find a synopsis of his  
scheme in the ,leader4 ,he proposes that
 each month shall be consecrated to one 
of the great names that represent the   
intellectual and social progress of     
humanity4 ,he specializes the names of  
,moses1 ,homer1 ,aristotle1 ,archimedes1
 ,caesar1 ,st4 ,paul1 ,charlemagne1     
,dante1 ,descartes1 ,guttenberg 7whom he
 probably thinks had something to do    
with the invention of printing71        
,columbus and ,frederic the ,great1 as  
most appropriate for the designation of 
the twelve months2 recommending1        
however1 particular fetes for minor     
heroes in the months under which they   

may best be grouped--for ,augustin1     
,hildebrand1 ,bernard1 and ,bossuet1 in 
,st4 ,paul's month2 ,alfred and ,st4    
,louis1 in ,charlemagne's month2        
,richelieu and ,cromwell in the month of
 ,frederic the ,great1 and so on4       
,supplying a defect of ,catholicism in  
this respect1 he proposes what he calls 
fetes of reprobation for the greatest   
scoundrels of history--for such         
retrogressive men as ,julian the        
,apostate1 ,philip ,,ii4 of ,spain1 and 
,bonaparte1 7we don't agree to the      
classification1 unless he means         
,president ,louis ,napoleon1 who indeed 
is not a great scoundrel1 though        
disposed to be sufficiently             
retrogressive47 ,according to this new  
calendar1 a follower of ,comte1 writing 
a letter in ,march1 would have to date  
it as written on such or such a day of  
,aristotle4 ,we fear the proposal won't 
do even in ,france1 but this1 at least1 
may be said for it1 that it is as good  
as the ,puseyite practice of dating by  

saints' days1 besides being novel1 and  
,parisian1 and scientific4 ,sydney      
,smith used1 in jest of the ,puseyite   
practice1 to date his letters ,washing  
,day--,eve of ,ironing ,day2 ,comte's   
plan is better than that of the         
,puseyites--almost as good as ,peter    
,plimley's4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,among the many     
books lately printed in ,england upon   
the ecclesiastical controversies1 is one
 entitled ,remonstrance against ,romish 
,corruptions in the ,church1 addressed  
to the ,people and ,parliament of       
,england in #acie1 now for the first    
time published1 edited by the ,rev4 ,f4 
,forshall4 ,biographers of ,wycliffe    
have referred to this tract and quoted  
passages in evidence of the ,wycliffite 
heresies2 but they appear to have failed
 altogether of perceiving its larger    
scope1 or understanding its political   
bearing and significance4 ,there can    
hardly be a doubt1 as ,mr4 ,forshall    
suggests1 that it was drawn up to       

influence the famous parliament which   
met in the eighteenth year of ,richard  
the ,second1 and which was a scene of   
unusual excitement on the subject of    
religion from the sudden clash of the   
old ,papal party with the new and       
increasing band of patriotic reformers4 
,wycliffe had then been dead1 and his   
opinions gradually on the increase1 for 
more than ten years4 ,the author of the 
,remonstrance was his friend ,john      
,purvey1 who assisted him in the first  
,english version of the ,bible1 shared  
with him the duties of his parish1 and  
attended his death-bed4 ,he was the most
 active of the reformers1 the most      
formidable to the ecclesiastical        
authorities4 ,another old ,,ms4 from the
 ,cottonian collection in the ,british  
,museum1 is the ,chronicle of ,battel   
,abbey1 from #ajff to #aagf1 now first  
translated1 with ,notes1 and an         
,abstract of the subsequent ,history of 
the ,establishment1 by ,mark ,antony    
,lower4 ,this is extremely curious1 and 

contains1 besides the important         
histories of the controversies between  
the ecclesiastical authorities and      
,henry the ,second1 some very striking  
exhibitions of manners4         99      
99       99       99       99  ,the     
vitality of ,,scott',s popularity is    
shown by the fact that the ,edinburgh   
publishers of his ,life and ,works      
printed and sold the following          
quantities of them during the period    
from #ast ,january1 #ahdh1 to #bfth     
,march1 #ahea1 viz43 ,novels 7exclusive 
of the ,abbotsford edition71 #d1gfj     
sets2 ,poetical ,works1 #d1cfj2 ,prose  
,writings1 #hej2 ,life1 #b1faj2 ,tales  
of a ,grandfather 7independently of     
those included in the complete sets of  
the ,prose ,works71 #b1iij2 and         
,selections1 #d1dbj4 ,it may serve as a 
curiosity of literature to give a       
summary of the printing of the ,writings
 and ,life since ,june1 #ahbi1 when they
 came under the management of the late  
proprietor1 ,mr4 ,cadell3 ,waverley     

,novels1 #gh1bgj sets2 ,poetical ,works1
 #da1cdj2 ,prose ,works1 #h1bfj2 ,life1 
#bf1hfj2 ,tales of a ,grandfather       
7independently of those included in the 
complete sets of the ,prose ,works71    
#bb1aij2 ,selections1 #g1eej4 ,the      
popularity to which the ,people's       
,edition has attained appears from the  
fact that the following numbers1        
originally published in weekly sheets1  
have been printed3 ,novels1 #g1aae1aig2 
,poetry1 #fgd1iee2 ,prose1 #bfi1djf2    
,life1 #dei1bia2 total sheets1          
#h1eah1hdi4  ,the whole copyrights1     
stocks1 c41 of ,scott's works1 as       
possessed for many years by ,cadell1    
have now been transferred to the hands  
of ,messrs4 ,adam and ,charles ,black4  
,the copyrights and stock have been     
acquired by the present purchasers for  
,l#bg1jjj1 or ,l#aj1jjj less than ,mr4  
,cadell paid for copyrights alone4      
99       99       99       99       99  
,,elizabeth ,,barret ,,browning has     
published a new poem1 ,casa ,guidi      

,windows1 which gives a vivid picture of
 the tumult and heroism of ,italian     
struggles for independence1 as seen from
 the poet's windows1 at ,florence1 with 
the fervid commentary of her hopes and  
aspirations4         99       99        
99       99       99  ,a novel by ,,mrs4
 ,,caroline ,,lee ,,hentz1 published by 
,mr4 ,hart1 of ,philadelphia1 has been  
dramatized by ,mr4 ,henry ,paul ,howard1
 for the ,haymarket ,theatre in ,london1
 and brought out in a very splendid     
style1 with ,j4 ,w4 ,wallack in the     
leading character4         99       99  
99       99       99  ,,colonel         
,,cunningham1 a son-in-law of ,viscount 
,hardinge1 has just published in ,london
 ,glimpses of the ,great ,western       
,republic in the year #ahej4         99 
99       99       99       99  ,we shall
 look with much interest for the result 
of the new scheme for the encouragement 
of life assurance1 economy1 c41 among   
literary men and artists in ,england4   
,to bring this project into general     

notice1 and to form the commencement of 
the necessary funds1 ,sir ,edward       
,bulwer ,lytton1 one of its originators1
 has written and presented to his       
associates in the cause1 a new comedy in
 five acts1 under the significant title1
 ,not ,so ,bad as we ,seem4 ,it was to  
be produced on the sixteenth ult41 under
 the management of ,mr4 ,charles        
,dickens1 in a theatre constructed for  
the purpose1 and performed by ,robert   
,bell1 ,wilkie ,collins1 ,dudley        
,costello1 ,peter ,cunningham1 ,charles 
,dickens1 ,augustus ,egg1 ,a4,r4,a41    
,john ,forster1 ,r4 ,h4 ,horne1         
,douglass ,jerrold1 ,charles ,knight1   
,mark ,lemon1 ,j4 ,westland ,marston1   
,frank ,stone1 and others4 ,the tickets 
were twenty-five dollars each1 and the  
,queen and ,prince ,albert were to be   
present4 ,the comedy is hereafter to be 
performed in public2 and the promoters  
of the scheme are sanguine of its       
success4 ,mr4 ,maclise has offered to   
paint a picture 7the subject to be      

connected with the performance of the   
comedy71 and to place it at the disposal
 of the guild1 for the augmentation of  
its funds4 ,the prospects are           
encouraging4         99       99        
99       99       99  ,the ,,rev4 ,c4   
,g4 ,,finney1 so well known in the      
,presbyterian churches of this country1 
has passed some time in ,london1 and an 
edition of his ,lectures on ,systematic 
,theology has just been published there1
 with a preface by the ,rev4 ,dr4       
,redford1 of ,worcester1 who confesses1 
that when a student he would gladly have
 bartered half the books in his library 
to have gained a single perusal of these
 ,lectures2 and he cannot refrain from  
expressing the belief1 that no young    
student of theology will ever regret    
their purchase or perusal4 ,the book    
makes an octavo of #ajaf pages4         
99       99       99       99       99  
,,talvi1 the wife of ,professor         
,,robinson1 will leave ,new-,york in a  
few days1 we understand1 to pass some   

time in her native country4 ,she will be
 absent a year and a half1 and will     
reside chiefly in ,berlin4 ,we have     
recently given an account of the life   
and writings of this very eminent and   
admirable woman1 in the ,international1 
and are among the troops of friends who 
wish her all happiness in the           
fatherland1 and a safe return to the    
land of her adoption4 ,we presume the   
public duties of ,dr4 ,robinson will    
prevent him from being absent more than 
a few weeks4         99       99        
99       99       99  ,,albert ,,smith  
has dramatised a tale from ,washington  
,irving's ,alhambra for the ,princess's 
,theatre--making a burlesque comedy4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,,mrs4 ,,southworth must be classed     
among our most industrious writers4 ,the
 ,appletons have just published a new   
novel by her1 entitled ,the             
,mother-in-,law1 and she has two others 
in press--one of which is appearing from
 week to week in the ,national ,era4    

99       99       99       99       99  
,,dr4 ,,spring1 whose religious writings
 appear to be as popular in ,great      
,britain as in this country1 and every  
where to be regarded as among the       
classics of practical religious         
literature1 has issued a second edition 
of his two octavos entitled ,first      
,things4 ,in style1 temper1 and all the 
best qualities of such works1 the       
discourses embraced in this work are    
deserving of eminent praise4 7,m4 ,w4   
,dodd47         99       99       99    
99       99  ,of ,,henry ,,martin1 whom 
the religious world regards with a      
reverent affection like that it gives to
 ,cowper and ,heber1 the hitherto       
unpublished ,letters and ,journals have 
just appeared1 and they seem to us even 
more interesting than the so well-known 
,memoirs of his ,life published soon    
after he died4 7,m4 ,w4 ,dodd47         
99       99       99       99       99  
,,mrs4 ,,sigourney has published a      
volume entitled ,letters to my ,pupils1 

with ,narrative and ,biographical       
,sketches4 ,it embraces reminiscences of
 her experience as a teacher1 and we    
have read none of her prose compositions
 that are more suggestive or more       
pleasing4 7,robert ,carter  ,brothers47 
99       99       99       99       99  
,a ,life of ,algernon ,sydney1 by ,g4   
,van ,santvoord 7a new author71 has been
 published by ,charles ,scribner4 ,to   
describe the history and writings of    
this noble republican was a task worthy 
of an ,american scholar4 ,mr4 ,van      
,santvoord has performed it excellently 
well4         99       99       99      
99       99  ,,bayard ,,taylor and ,r4  
,h4 ,,stoddard have new volumes of poems
 in the press of ,ticknor1 ,reed        
,fields1 of ,boston1 and that house has 
never published original volumes of     
greater merit1 or that will be more     
popular4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,,the ,,poems ,,of         
,,william ,p4 ,,mulchinock1 in one      
volume1 lately published by ,mr4        

,strong1 ,nassau-street1 appear to have 
been received with singular favor by the
 critics4 ,mr4 ,mulchinock has          
remarkable fluency1 and a genial spirit4
 ,his book contains specimens of a great
 variety of styles1 and some pieces of  
much merit4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,,ticknor  ,,co4    
have published a novelette entitled ,the
 ,solitary1 by ,santaine1 the author of 
,picciola4 ,it is of the ,robinson      
,crusoe sort of books--better than any  
other imitation of ,defoe4         99   
99       99       99       99  ,the     
,pocket ,companion1 for ,machinists1    
,mechanics1 and ,engineers1 by ,,oliver 
,,byrne1 is a remarkable specimen of    
perspicuous condensation4 ,in a         
beautiful pocket-book it embraces for   
the classes for whom it is designed the 
pith of two or three ordinary octavos4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,among the new volumes of poems is one  
of ,dramatic and ,miscellaneous ,pieces1
 by ,,charles ,,james ,,cannon1         

published by ,edward ,dunigan4 ,mr4     
,cannon is a writer of much cultivation1
 and1 in his dramatic poems1 especially1
 there are passages of much force and   
elegance4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,,mr4 ,,john ,e4 ,,warren1 
whose pleasant letters from the south of
 ,europe were a chief attraction of some
 of the early numbers of the            
,international1 has in the press of     
,putnam1 to be published in a few days1 
,paria1 or ,scenes and ,adventures on   
the ,banks of the ,amazon4 ,he saw that 
magnificent but little known country    
under such peculiar advantages1 and he  
writes with such spirit and so natural a
 grace1 that we may promise the public  
one of the most delightful books of the 
season in ,paria4 ,here is a specimen1  
from the opening chapter4       ,the    
shades of evening were gathering fast   
upon the waters1      when the little   
bark1 in which we had safely crossed the
      wide expanse of ocean1 now quietly
 anchored in the mighty      river of   

the ,amazons4 ,through the rich twilight
 we were able      to discern the white 
sandy shore1 skirting a dense forest of 
perennial luxuriance and beauty4 ,gentle
 zephyrs1 fraught      with the most    
delightful fragrance from the wilderness
 of      flowers1 softly saluted our    
senses2 while occasionally the          
plaintive voices of southern            
nightingales came with mellowed         
sweetness to our ears4 ,the moon1       
unobscured by a single      cloud1 threw
 an indescribable charm over the        
enchanting      scene1 reflecting her   
brilliant rays upon the placid surface  
of the river1 and shrouding the         
beautiful foliage of the      forest in 
a drapery of gold4 ,innumerable stars   
brightly      glittered in the          
firmament1 and the constellation of the 
',southern ,cross' gleamed above us like
 a diadem4 ,all around      seemed to be
 wrapped in the most profound repose4   
,not a      sound disturbed the silence 
of the interminable solitude      save  

the hushed and mournful notes of evening
 birds1 the      distant howling of     
prowling jaguars1 or the rustling of the
      wind through the forest trees4    
,nature appeared to us1 for      the    
first time1 in her pristine loveliness1 
and seemed      indeed1 to our excited  
imagination1 to present but a dreamy    
picture of fairy land4       ,at an     
early hour in the morning we weighed    
anchor1 and with      a fresh breeze and
 strong tide rapidly moved up the noble 
river1 gliding by the most beautiful    
scenery that fancy can      conceive4   
,the nearly impenetrable forest which   
lined the      shore was of a deep      
emerald green1 and consisted of         
exceedingly lofty trees1 of remarkably  
curious and grotesque      figures1     
interlaced together by numerous vines1  
the      interstices of which were      
filled up with magnificent              
shrubbery4 ,we observed1 towering high  
above the surrounding      trees1 many  
singular species of palms1 among which  

the      far-famed cocoa-nut probably   
stood pre-eminent4 ,this      beautiful 
tree gives a peculiar witchery to a     
tropical      landscape1 which those    
only who have seen it can possibly      
realize4 ,the trunk grows up perfectly  
perpendicular to a      great height1   
before it throws out its curious        
branches1      which bend over as       
gracefully as ostrich plumes1 and quiver
      in the slightest breeze4          
,consequently1 the general              
appearance of the tree at a distance is 
somewhat similar to      that of an     
umbrella4       ,as we gradually        
proceeded1 we now and then caught a     
glimpse      of smiling cottages1 with  
the snug little verandahs and           
red-tiled roofs peering from amid the   
foliage of the river's      banks1 and  
giving1 as it were1 a character of      
sociability      and animation to the   
beauteous scene4 ,perhaps the most      
interesting spot that we noticed was an 
estate bearing the      name of         

,pinherios1 which had been formerly the 
site of a      ,carmelite convent1 but  
which was lately sold to the            
government for a ',hospital dos         
,lazaros4' ,here also was an            
establishment for the manufacture of    
earthenware tiles1      which are       
extensively used throughout the         
,brazilian empire      for roofing      
houses4       ,so low is the valuation  
of land in this section of ,brazil1     
that this immense estate1 embracing     
within its limits nearly      three     
thousand acres1 and situated1 as it is1 
within twenty      miles of the city of 
,para1 was sold for a sum equivalent to 
about four thousand dollars4 ,this may  
be taken as a fair      standard of the 
value of real estate in the vicinity of 
,para4 ,that of the neighboring islands 
is comparatively      trifling2 while   
there are millions of fertile acres now 
wholly unappropriated1 which offer the  
richest inducements      to emigrants   
who may be disposed to direct their     

fortunes      thither4       ,the city  
of ,para is delightfully situated on the
 southern      branch of the ,amazon1   
called1 for the sake of distinction1    
',the ,para ,river4' ,it is the         
principal city of the province      of  
the same name1--an immense territory1   
which has very      appropriately been  
styled ',the ,paradise of ,brazil4' ,the
      general aspect of the place1 with 
its low venerable looking      buildings
 of solid stone1 its massive churches   
and      moss-grown ruins1 its red-tiled
 roofs and dingy-white walls1      the  
beautiful trees of its gardens1 and     
groups of tall      banana plants       
peeping up here and there among the     
houses1      constituted certainly a    
scene of novelty1 if not of elegance    
and beauty4       ,the first spectacle  
which arrested our attention on landing 
was that of a number of persons of both 
sexes and all ages      bathing         
indiscriminately together in the waters 
of the      river1 in a state of entire 

nudity4 ,we observed among them         
several finely-formed ,indian girls of  
exceeding beauty1      dashing about in 
the water like a troop of happy         
mermaids4      ,the heat of the sun was 
so intense that we ourselves were       
almost tempted to seek relief from its  
overpowering      influence by plunging 
precipitately amid the joyous throng    
of swimmers4 ,but we forbore6       ,the
 natives of ,para are very cleanly1 and 
indulge in daily      ablutions2 nor do 
they confine their baths to the dusky   
hours of evening1 but may be seen       
swimming about the public      wharves  
at all hours of the day4 ,the government
 has made      several feeble efforts to
 put a restraint upon these public      
exposures1 but at the time of our       
departure all rules and      regulations
 on the subject were totally disregarded
 by the      natives4 ,the city is laid 
out with considerable taste and         
regularity1 but the streets are very    
narrow1 and miserably      paved with   

large and uneven stones4 ,the buildings 
generally      are but of one story in  
height1 and are1 with few               
exceptions1 entirely destitute of glass 
windows2 a kind of      latticed blind  
is substituted1 which is so constructed 
that      it affords the person within  
an opportunity of seeing      whatever  
takes place in the street1 without being
 observed      in return4 ,this lattice 
opens towards the street1 and thus      
affords great facilities to the beaux   
and gentlemen of      gallantry1 who1 by
 stepping under this covering1 can have 
an      agreeable tete-a-tete with their
 fair mistresses1 as      secretly      
almost as if they were in a trellised   
arbor      together4       ,we noticed  
several strange spectacles as we slowly 
walked      through the city4 ,venders  
of fruit marching about1 with huge      
baskets on their heads1 filled with     
luscious oranges1      bananas1 mangoes1
 pineapples1 and other choice fruits of 
the      tropics2 groups of blacks1     

carrying immense burdens in the         
same manner2 invalids reclining in their
 hammocks1 or ladies      riding in     
their gay-covered palanquins1 supported 
on men's      shoulders2 and            
water-carriers moving along by the side 
of      their heavily-laden horses or   
mules4  ,in his excursions along the    
small streams which penetrate the       
forests our traveller met with some     
magnificent scenes4 ,here is a          
description of one of them3       ,now  
the grassy table-land would extend away 
for miles to      our left1 gemmed here 
and there with solitary trees1 waving   
their branches mournfully in the wind1  
and looking like      spectres in the   
mystic starlight4 ,on the outer side1 a 
gloomy yet splendid wilderness ran along
 the margin of the      stream1 flinging
 tall shadows across the water1 and     
adding      grandeur to the imposing    
landscape4 ,as we advanced the brook    
gradually narrowed1 and became more and 
more crooked in its      course1 until  

finally the thick clustering foliage met
 in a      prolonged arch of verdure    
over our heads4       ,while winding    
through this natural labyrinth1 the sun 
emerged from his oriental couch1 and    
besprinkled us with a      shower of    
luminous beams1 which1 falling through  
the      interstices of the leaves1     
seemed like the spirits of so      many 
diamonds4 ,a more divine spectacle of   
beauty never was      beheld4 ,the most 
gorgeous creations of the poet's        
imagination1 if realized1 could not     
surpass in magnificence      this       
sun-lighted arbor1 with its roses and   
flowers of varied      hues1 all set    
like stars in a canopy of green4        
,sprightly      humming-birds flitted   
before us1 sparkling like jewels for a  
moment1 then vanishing away from our    
sight for ever4      ,butterflies with  
immense wings1 and moths of gay and     
striking colors1 flew also from flower  
to flower1 seeming      like appropriate
 inhabitants of this little paradise4   

,but      the indefatigable mosquitoes1 
who were continually pouncing      upon 
our unprotected faces and hands1 as well
 as the mailed      caymans1 who now and
 then plunged under our canoe with a    
terrific snort1 preserved in us the     
conviction of our own      mortality4   
,as we were moving through a wider      
passage of the stream1 a      sudden    
noise in the bushes on our left arrested
 our      attention2 in a moment after1 
we perceived a large animal      running
 as expeditiously as he was able along  
the banks of      the stream4 ,we       
immediately raised our guns             
simultaneously      and fired4 ,although
 we evidently gave the creature their   
full contents1 yet it produced no other 
visible effect than      to cause him to
 give a boisterous snort1 and then dart 
away      furiously into the heart of   
the thicket4  ,here is something much   
more natural than ,melville's           
introduction of ,fayaway3       ,among  
our olive-complexioned neighbors were   

two young      girls1 whose fine forms  
and pretty faces especially elicited    
our admiration4 ,the one was named      
,teresa1 the other ,florana4      ,the  
former could not have been more than    
fourteen years of      age1 and was     
rather short in stature1 with           
exquisitely      rounded arms1 and a    
bust of noble development2 the latter   
was somewhat taller1 and at least three 
years older2 they      both1 however1   
had attained their full size4 ,animated 
as      they were beautiful1 they were  
always overflowing with      vivacity   
and life2 their conversation1 which was 
incessant1      was like the chirping of
 nightingales1 and their laughter1      
like strings of musical pearls4 ,these1 
then1 beloved reader1      were1 during 
our stay at least1 decidedly the belles 
of      ,jungcal4 ,at the close of every
 day we were visited by all      the    
juveniles in the place1 who1 in their   
own sweet tongue1      bade us 'adieus1'
 and at the same time besought our      

blessing1 which latter request we only  
answered by patting      them gently on 
the head4 ,the pretty maidens we have   
just      alluded to1 instead of shaking
 hands with us1 were      accustomed to 
salute us at eventide with a kiss on    
either      cheek4 ,the propriety of    
this we at first doubted1 but the       
more we reflected upon the sweetness and
 innocence of the      damsels1 the more
 inclined were we to pardon them2 and1  
in      fact1 we finally began to think 
their manner much more      sensible and
 agreeable than that of those who       
consider any      thing beyond cold and 
formal shaking of hands a grievous      
sin4 ,besides1 it must be borne in mind1
 that this was a      sacred custom of  
the place1 which it would have been     
great      rudeness in us to have       
resisted4 ,therefore1 kind reader1 do   
not judge us too severely2 for know1 ,o 
chary one6 that      extreme bashfulness
 and modesty have always been considered
      two of our principal failings6    

,one day1 ,teresa and ,florana          
invited us to take a bathe with them in 
the stream4 ,this we      declined      
point-blank4 ,they then charged us with 
fear of      alligators4 ,this was a    
poser--our courage was now called in    
question1 and we were literally forced  
to submit4 ,pray what      else could we
 have done under the circumstances8     
,when they      had once got us into the
 water they took ample revenge upon     
us for the uncourteous manner in which  
we had at first      treated their      
request4 ,as we were encumbered by our  
clothes1      they had altogether the   
advantage1 and1 in less than ten        
minutes1 we cried out lustily for       
quarter1 but no quarter      would they 
give us1 and1 to tell the truth1 we were
 somewhat      apprehensive of being    
drowned by them1 to say nothing of      
being devoured by bloodthirsty          
alligators4 ,emerging from the          
water1 we walked up to ,anzevedo's      
cottage1 revolving in our      mind the 

severe ordeal through which we had just 
passed1 and      determined henceforth  
never to refuse any request1 sweetened  
by the lips of a pretty maiden1 unless1 
perchance 7though      highly           
improbable71 she should ask us for our  
heart6 which1      alas6 we have not to 
give4444         99       99       99   
99       99  ,an ,album sent to the     
great ,exhibition by the ,emperor of    
,austria1 and to be presented after the 
show to ,victoria1 is thus described by 
a ,vienna correspondent of the ,times3  
,it contains the notes in manuscript of 
the national airs and dances1 and far   
surpasses any thing that ,i have ever   
seen in the bookbinding department4 ,on 
one side there are fourteen exquisite   
vignettes in oil colors1 representing   
different national costumes2 the        
ornaments in enamel1 carved ivory1 and  
ebony1 are exquisite4 ,a second album   
contains the works of the ancient and   
modern ,austrian composers2 the third1  
,austrian scenery1 by different native  

artists4 ,the bindings of some of the   
two hundred and seventy volumes of      
,austrian authors will also not fail to 
excite the astonishment--,i had almost  
said the envy--of the trade4 ,the whole 
will form a truly imperial gift4        
,the ,fine ,arts4   ,during the present 
month there are four ,public            
,exhibitions of ,paintings in the city3 
that of the ,,national ,,academy1 of the
 ,,art-,,union1 of the ,,artist',s      
,,association1 and the                  
,d,ue,s,s,e,l,d,o,r,f ,,gallery4 ,the   
first three are composed mainly of the  
works of native ,american artists1 and  
it is impossible to repress an          
expression of regret that some          
arrangement of union has not yet been   
effected1 by which1 at least1 the works 
of the same men should not be exhibited 
gratis at one place1 and for a charge at
 another4 ,in the present state of      
things1 the gallery of the ,art-,union  
and that of the ,national ,academy are  
brought into direct opposition1 and     

this1 beyond doubt1 without the         
slightest jealousy on either side1 as   
the works painted for the ,academy and  
purchased by the ,art-,union clearly    
show4 ,but certainly the fact is        
lamentable enough to challenge immediate
 attention1 and to induce a radical     
change4 ,a free gallery of the selected 
works of artists will be very apt to    
carry the day against an exhibition at a
 quarter of a dollar of the             
miscellaneous and unselected works of   
the same men4 ,but here we do not mean  
to vex this question farther4 ,we aim at
 a general review of the peculiarities  
and excellences of each exhibition4  ,it
 is undoubtedly in landscape art that   
,american talent is destined first to   
excel1 and the ,academy exhibition and  
that of the ,art-,union are added proofs
 of the fact4 ,the landscapes are much  
the most distinguishing and             
distinguished feature4 ,mr4 ,,durand    
contributes several characteristic      
works4 ,his style is so uniform and     

pronounced that it is never difficult to
 recognize his pictures4 ,we should     
hardly say that he does better this year
 than usual1 but we should certainly not
 say that he does worse4 ,in the front  
rank of this department stand also      
,,kensett and ,,cropsey1 both of whom   
show beautiful results of summer study  
and winter work4 ,mr4 ,cropsey is mainly
 distinguished by a really gorgeous     
imagination4 ,proof of this is to be    
sought in the sketches of his portfolio 
rather than in his finished pictures1   
for in these a thousand influences      
seduce an artist away from the          
simplicity and splendor of his study    
into a care of public approbation and   
satisfaction4 ,mr4 ,cropsey is as yet   
too much enamored of the details and    
even of the mechanism of his art4 ,and  
this is a tendency that is fatal to     
breadth and largeness of impression4    
,yet his ,southern ,italy1 and a ,view  
in ,rockland ,county1 in the exhibition1
 are great advances in this respect4 ,on

 the other hand1 the two large ,american
 landscapes at the ,art-,union1 while   
the background in one is a splendid     
success1 and the brilliant atmosphere of
 the other is no less successful1 yet   
they are too much detailed1 and the     
interest is nowhere sufficiently        
concentrated4 ,mr4 ,kensett is          
remarkable for his just sentiment and   
profound appreciation of natural beauty4
 ,it is a sentiment singularly free from
 sentimentality1 and an appreciation as 
poetic as it is profound4 ,the very     
delicacy of his touch and style indicate
 the character of his enjoyment and     
perception of nature4  ,mr4 ,,church1   
too1 is perhaps the other name that we  
should mention with these two as full of
 hope and promise4 ,if he avoids a      
little mannerism1 to which he seems to  
be susceptible--not of course forgetting
 that all greatness has its own         
manner--and pursues with the same       
devotion as hitherto his studies of sea 
and sky1 a very happy and brilliant     

career seems open to him4 ,the works of 
none of the younger artists have        
attracted more attention4 ,and the fame 
and position of ,turner show the reward 
of a devoted student and artistic       
delineator of the peculiarities of      
atmospheric phenomena4 ,we exhort ,mr4  
,church to entire boldness in his       
attempts4 ,why should he hope always to 
please those who have only a vague      
susceptibility of natural observation   
for their standard of criticism8 ,he is 
to show us in the splendid play of the  
light1 and air1 and clouds1 that which  
we do not see1 or seeing1 do not        
perceive4  ,messrs4 ,,cranch1           
,,boutelle1 ,,gifford1 and others1 take 
high rank among the landscapists1 nor   
must we omit a very beautiful winter    
piece of ,,gignoux1 at the ,academy1 in 
which the crisp clearness of the sharp  
air1 the brittle outline of the bare    
boughs1 and the quality of ice1 are most
 accurately and poetically rendered4    
,we are arrested by the feeling and     

promise of ,mr4 ,,richard',s            
contributions1 and the very beautiful   
poetic sentiment of ,mr4 ,,hubbard',s4  
,mr4 ,,huntingdon is not great1 this    
year4 ,his landscapes are not natural1  
and his portraits lack that vigorous    
moulding to which we are accustomed upon
 his canvas4 ,mr4 ,,ranney has some     
characteristic hunting-pieces4 ,they are
 getting too much mannered4 ,on a       
prairie1 the chief interest of art is   
not a horse or a buffalo1 but the       
sentiment of space4 ,but we do not yield
 to any in our satisfaction at the      
spirit and vigor of these works4        
,leaving the landscape1 we find the     
figure compositions of the year not very
 successful1 if we except the ,aztec    
,princess of ,mr4 ,,hicks1 which we     
understand is a study from life of a    
,mexican woman1 but which is treated in 
so large1 and thoughtful1 and skilful a 
manner1 that it is most impressive for  
character and color1 and gives the key  
to the whole side of the room upon which

 it hangs4 ,this artist exhibits also   
some portraits1 which have never been   
surpassed by any modern portraits that  
we recall4 ,no4 #abh upon the ,academy  
,catalogue is the most                  
brilliantly-colored portrait upon the   
walls4 ,it is treated with all the happy
 heroism of a master1 and while many    
quarrel with its spotty color1 the      
initiated perceive that easy mastery of 
the palette which with genius is the    
secret of artistic success4 ,no4 #dje is
 equally remarkable for its vigorous    
moulding4 ,this portrait shows the      
accurate knowledge1 as ,no4 #abh reveals
 the sumptuous sentiment of the genuine 
artist4 ,mr4 ,,elliott',s portraits have
 the same quiet truthfulness as         
heretofore1 the same easy success1 but  
we would gladly see more confidence in  
color1 and a likeness more as the       
subject appears to the mind than to the 
eye4 ,mr4 ,,shegogue',s productions are 
certainly very pastoral4 ,so sheepy are 
his sheep that all the figures1 trees1  

and landscape1 are unmitigatedly        
sheepish4 ,mr4 ,,flagg',s portraits are 
not successful4 ,there is an unnatural  
smoothness and hardness in his works4   
,mr4 ,,kellogg',s ,general ,scott is    
vigorous and effective4 ,the action of  
the figure seems to require some        
explanation1 however4 ,it contrasts well
 with the monotony of its pendant1 ,mr4 
,,vanderlyn',s ,general ,taylor2 but no 
spectator in regarding this latter work 
has a right to forget that it is the    
production of one who has grown gray at 
his post1 and the winter of whose age   
has not yet frozen1 and can never       
freeze1 the freshness of enthusiasm and 
single-hearted devotion to art which are
 for ever young4  ,mr4 ,,lang',s ,no4   
#dd is a very large likeness of a very  
comely lady1 but the work will hardly   
live long in the spectator's memory4    
,mr4 ,,rossiter takes the field boldly  
with ,the ,ideals1 ,types of ,moral1    
,intellectual1 and ,physical ,beauty4   
,except for the brilliance of color1 and

 a certain sentiment1 by which the light
 proceeds from the moral type1 we do not
 much admire the picture4 ,the          
difficulty with the spectator will be1  
we are sure1 that he recalls within his 
own circle of friends types more        
beautiful for each ideal4 ,mr4          
,rossiter's portraits of his brother    
artists1 ,messrs4 ,,darley and ,,duggan1
 are admirable likenesses1 each somewhat
 mellowed in expression by the artist4  
,the sharp intellectual precision of    
,mr4 ,duggan's countenance1 and the     
bright nervous sensibility of ,mr4      
,darley's1 are both somewhat subdued    
upon the canvas4 ,what we candidly say  
of these pictures we say boldly1 because
 we recognize and appreciate the fine   
feeling which animates the artist4 ,mr4 
,,gray',s ,no4 #ed1 ,king ,death1       
attracts much attention4 ,but is it the 
,jolly ,old ,fellow1 or the ,king of    
,terrors1 or the easeful death of which 
the poet was enamored8 ,there is        
something fine in the picture--a strain 

of ,egyptian placidity permeates the    
features4 ,and such colossal placidity  
is full of fate4 ,there is a latitude   
allowed the artist in these themes4 ,yet
 we do not feel satisfied1 much as we   
like the picture4 ,mr4 ,,rothermel',s   
,no4 #e1 ,murray's ,defence of          
,toleration1 is a very pleasant picture 
of the ,duesseldorf style4 ,we like one 
thing in this work1 and that is its     
preservation of the balance of history1 
by showing that the ,catholics were not 
always the persecutors4 ,the contrast of
 the religious repose of the rear with  
the jangling fanaticism of the          
foreground is in harmony with the       
differing qualities of light4 ,it is a  
thoughtful and beautiful picture1 ,mr4  
,,freeman',s #cei1 ,study for an        
,angel's ,head1 has a ,titianesque      
fascination1 and the earnest regard of  
the faces is extremely lovely4 ,it is   
none the less charming that it has a    
mortal loveliness--if we might say so   
without treason to the immortality of   

all beauty4 ,we have no doubt1 in our   
own critical mind1 that any beautiful   
woman would make a beautiful angel4 ,mr4
 ,,mount',s ,no4 #aah1 ,who'll turn     
,grindstone8 is one of his              
characteristic ,yankee incidents4 ,it is
 very true and genuine in feeling1 but  
the picture is too white and streaked4  
,no4 #cdd is a natural and spirited     
portrait of the poet ,stoddard by ,mr4  
,,pratt4  ,but we must pause here1      
leaving many works of which we would    
willingly speak4 ,at the ,duesseldorf   
,gallery1 ,,lessing',s ,martyrdom of    
,huss is still the great attraction4 ,it
 is a work so full of careful study and 
skilful treatment that we are not       
surprised at the universal pleasure in  
its contemplation4 ,we cannot in this   
space1 however1 enter into a            
consideration of its artistic claims and
 character1 but must record our         
impression that it is not in the highest
 style of art--if there be in art a     
higher style than the adequate          

representation of the simple incident4  
,the dexterous detail of the            
,duesseldorf pictures is remarkable1 but
 the fault and tendency of the school is
 to direct imitation1 and consequently  
to a hopeless struggle with nature4     
,these pictures are the worst possible  
models for the student of art4  ,the    
,art-,union ,gallery is by no means     
full1 but certainly does not merit the  
harsh criticism of the daily press4 ,the
 pictures are on an average quite as    
good as usual4 ,the names of most of the
 distinguished artists are on the       
catalogue1 and the specimens of their   
works are characteristic and admirable4 
,there are several poor copies of famous
 pictures1 and these undoubtedly        
somewhat neutralize the effect of the   
native works4 ,beside1 the ,art-,union  
does not profess to open its gallery    
with a complete collection4 ,it buys as 
the pictures are produced1 and the      
criticisms1 thus far1 have been no less 
ignorant than ill-natured4 ,it does not 

follow that fifty thousand dollars'     
worth of good pictures are annually     
painted because that sum may be         
subscribed to purchase good pictures4   
,nor is it at all true1 as we would     
undertake to show1 had we the space1    
that artists are necessarily the best   
managers of a popular institution for   
the advance of art4  ,the ,exhibition of
 the ,artists' ,association offers      
little for remark4 ,we are not          
sufficiently acquainted with the secret 
of the origin of this association to    
speak of the institution itself1 but we 
observe many of the names familiar to us
 at the ,academy and the ,art-,union1   
and can truly wish that the pictures    
were upon the walls of one of those     
galleries4  ,on the whole1 we remark an 
unwonted activity and interest in art4  
,it is impossible not to rejoice at the 
fact1 and at the brilliant proofs of    
artistic ability that illuminate the    
walls of the various galleries4 ,the    
contemporary exhibitions of foreign     

capitals do not1 altogether1 surpass    
those of their younger sister4 ,american
 books are now not all unread1 and those
 who delight in galleries in which only 
,turner1 ,kaulbach1 and ,couture are    
eminently great1 could not be unjust to 
these promises of ,american artistic    
success4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,,leutze1 the artist1 has  
been again distinguishing himself by a  
work just exhibited in ,duesseldorf1    
,the ,amazon with her ,children4 ,it    
represents a beautiful and majestic     
woman1 lying half-erect1 arms and neck  
bare1 contemplating the gambols of her  
two naked children4 ,the brilliant      
golden-tone of the complexion is said to
 be entirely worthy of the masterly     
skill in color of the artist1 and was   
perhaps inspired by the poet's dream1 ,i
 will take some savage woman2 she shall 
rear my dusky race4 ,but in respect of  
composition and drawing it is called an 
attempt to imitate the art of the old   
,italian virtuosos4 ,the artist is      

proceeding with surprising rapidity with
 his ,washington4 ,a portrait of ,roting
 by ,leutze is most highly commended4   
,roting is in the same atelier with     
,leutze1 and is busy upon a scene from  
the life of ,columbus4         99       
99       99       99       99  ,the     
,managers of the ,,art-,,union promise  
rich returns to the subscribers for the 
present year4 ,we quote the ,art-,union 
,journal3       ,we have never before   
offered so many powerful motives to     
membership as the programme of the      
present year affords4 ,the              
improvements in the ,bulletin render it 
a publication that is      almost       
indispensable to those who desire to    
have in a      convenient form the most 
recent ,art intelligence1 as well as    
much original matter upon the subject   
that meets the      constant approbation
 of instructed readers4 ,the numbers of 
this work are furnished gratuitously to 
each member from the      date of his   
subscription4 ,he will also be entitled 

to the      large engraving of ,mexican 
,news by ,,jones1 after ,woodville1     
and to the second part of the ,gallery  
of ,american ,art1      which contains  
five line engravings on steel1 by the   
best      artists1 after the following  
pictures3 ,cropsey's      ,harvesting1  
,kensett's ,mount ,washington1          
,woodville's ,old      '#gf and ,young  
'#dh1 ,ranney's ,marion crossing the    
,pedee1      and ,mount's ,bargaining   
for a ,horse4 ,we desire to call        
attention again to the fact that these  
subjects are all      ,american in their
 character1 illustrating the scenery1   
history1 or manners of the country4     
,they are also striking      and        
valuable as pictures1 and we should have
 every reason to      feel proud of them
 in whatever contrast they might be     
placed4       ,this project of          
presenting a work which shall contain in
      process of time the ,gems of      
,american ,art1 is original with        
the ,art-,union4 ,its value must be     

apparent to every reader4      ,it is a 
mode by which subscribers in the most   
distant parts      of the country1 who  
are deprived of the opportunity of      
visiting the large towns1 may become    
well acquainted with      the character 
and progress of our principal           
artists--and      even those members who
 have the advantage of resorting to     
public galleries1 may enjoy here the    
privilege of studying      many pictures
 that from their location in private    
collections must be accessible to them4 
,the first part of      this work was   
given to the members of #ahej1 and is   
now ready      for distribution1        
,besides the inducements just           
enumerated1      there remains a share  
in the allotment of works of art        
purchased by the ,association1 and      
which1 judging from the      two hundred
 already obtained1 will be the most     
attractive      collection ever offered 
by the ,art-,union4 ,the importance of  
early subscriptions need not be enlarged

 upon at present4      ,the opportunity 
it affords of securing complete sets of 
the      ,bulletin1 and better          
impressions of the engravings1 seems to 
be recognized in all quarters4 ,the     
,association at no period      of its   
history has had so long a roll of       
members at this      early season4      
99       99       99       99       99  
,,paul ,,delaroche has just completed1  
at ,nice1 a grand historical            
composition1 which the most intelligent 
judges decree to be his chef d'oeuvre4  
,the picture represents a tragical      
moment in the life of ,marie            
,antoinette4 ,after a night of anguish  
before the revolutionary tribunals the  
unhappy ,queen has just heard the       
verdict of her guilt4 ,the ,president   
asks her if she has any thing to say in 
arrest of the sentence4 ,for her sole   
answer1 she rises calm and majestic1 and
 takes silently the way back again to   
her dungeon4 ,the artist has seized this
 instant1 as she passes erect and still 

before a crowd of revolutionists4 ,a man
 with a tri-colored scarf walks by her  
side1 regarding her as a tiger gloats   
upon a lamb4 ,it is the personification 
of terror4 ,a single girl1 too young to 
be cruel1 yet attracted with the others1
 perhaps1 to applaud the punishment of  
the ,widow ,capet1 looks pityingly upon 
the ,queen1 her trembling lips murmur a 
prayer1 and the tears start in her eyes4
 ,upon the lips of the ,queen there is  
almost a smile1 a thought of disdain1   
for the outrages of men upon a solitary 
and defenceless woman4 ,from the        
descriptions of which we select the     
prominent points1 it is evident that    
this is another of the representations  
of historical incident for which ,paul  
,delaroche has made himself so famous a 
name1 as in his ,death of ,elizabeth1   
the ,children of ,edward in the ,tower1 
,cromwell at the ,coffin of ,charles ,i1
 the ,execution of ,strafford1 of ,lady 
,jane ,grey1 ,napoleon ,crossing the    
,alps1 c41 c4 ,and there is no reason   

that this last work should not be1 as   
claimed1 the greatest1 since the artist 
adds to the greater cunning of his hand1
 the sympathies of chivalrous artistic  
feeling for the sorrow of a beautiful   
woman and a ,queen of ,france4 ,the     
picture is already sold in ,london1 and 
will presently be forwarded to its      
destination2 on the way it will remain a
 short time in ,paris for the homage of 
the many admirers of this artist's      
genius4         99       99       99    
99       99  ,mr4 ,,miner ,k4 ,,kellogg1
 who since his professional tours in the
 ,east and long residence in ,italy1 has
 spent some half dozen years in his     
native country1 has just returned to    
,florence1 where1 with his companion    
from boyhood1 ,hiram ,powers1 he will   
probably pass the remainder of his life4
 ,he is an artist of peculiar and great 
merits1 and there is not perhaps among  
,american painters a man more uniformly 
regarded with respect and affection4    
99       99       99       99       99  

,the ,brussels ,herald gives an account 
of a curious and costly work of art1    
which a great landholder of the ,walloon
 ,provinces has ordered of the          
,depaepes1 of ,bruges4 ,these artists   
are instructed to copy in ,gothic       
letters ,l',imitation de ,jesus ,christ1
 by the ,abbe d',assance4 ,the work will
 fill six hundred and seventy pages1    
each of which will be about             
three-quarters of a yard in height1 by  
eighteen inches wide4 ,they will have to
 execute one hundred and fourteen       
engravings1 from the great masters of   
the ,flemish school1 ,van ,eyck1        
,memling1 ,pourbus1 ,classens1 c4 ,the  
pages on which will be displayed the    
,imitation of ,jesus ,christ1 will be   
encircled with garlands and other       
ornaments1 in blue and gold4         99 
99       99       99       99  ,at the  
last annual meeting of the ,,national   
,,academy ,,of ,,design1 the rank of    
,academician was conferred on ,t4       
,hicks1 ,g4,a4 ,baker1 ,h4,k4 ,brown1   

,j4,a4 ,cropsey1 ,t4 ,addison ,richards1
 ,r4 ,gignoux1 ,p4,p4 ,duggan1 ,alfred  
,jones1 ,r4,m4 ,pratt1 ,j4,w4 ,casilear1
 ,james ,smillie and ,george ,w4 ,flagg4
 ,at the same time1 ,messrs ,r4,w4      
,hubbard1 ,j4 ,thompson1 and ,vincent   
,colyer1 were made associates2 and      
,messrs4 ,darley1 ,falconer1 ,lacombe1  
,kellogg and ,ruggles1 honorary members4
     ,from the ,times4  ,,the ,,meeting 
,,of ,,the ,,nations ,,in ,,hyde ,,park4
  ,,by ,w4 ,m4 ,,thackeray4       ,but  
yesterday a naked sod1       ,the       
dandies sneered from ,rotten-row1       
,and cantered o'er it to and fro2       
,and see1 'tis done6     ,as though     
'twere by a wizard's rod1       ,a      
blazing arch of lucid glass       ,leaps
 like a fountain from the grass         
,to meet the sun6      ,a quiet green   
but few days since1       ,with cattle  
browsing in the shade1       ,and lo6   
long lines of bright arcade             
,in order raised2     ,a palace as for  
fairy prince1       ,a rare paradise1   

such as man       ,saw never1 since     
mankind began               ,and built  
and glazed6      ,a peaceful place it   
was but now1       ,and lo6 within its  
shining streets4       ,a multitude1 of 
nations meets3               ,a         
countless throng1     ,i see beneath the
 crystal bow1       ,and ,gaul and      
,german1 ,russ and ,turk1       ,each   
with his native handiwork1              
,and busy tongue4      ,i felt a thrill 
of love and awe       ,to mark the      
different garb of each1       ,the      
changing tongue1 the various speech     
,together blent4     ,a thrill1 methinks
 like ,his who saw       ,all people    
dwelling upon earth       ,praising our 
,god with solemn mirth                  
,and one consent4      ,high ,sovereign 
in your ,royal state6       ,captains   
and ,chiefs and ,councillors1           
,before the lofty palace doors          
,are open set4     ,hush6 ere you pass  
the shining gate2       ,hush6 ere the  
heaving curtain draws1       ,and let   

the ,royal pageant pause                
,a moment yet4      ,people and ,prince1
 a silence keep6       ,bow coronet and 
kindly crown1       ,helmet and plume   
bow lowly down2               ,the while
 the priest     ,before the splendid    
portal step1       ,while still the     
wondrous banquet stays1       ,from     
,heaven supreme a blessing prays        
,upon the feast6      ,then onwards let 
the triumph march2       ,then let the  
loud artillery roll1       ,and trumpets
 ring and joy-bells toll1               
,and pass the gate2     ,pass underneath
 the shining arch1       ',neath which  
the leafy elms are green--       ,ascend
 unto your throne1 ,o ,queen1           
,and take your ,state6      ,behold her 
in her ,royal place3       ,a gentle    
lady--and the hand       ,that sways the
 sceptre of this land               ,how
 frail and weak6     ,soft is the voice1
 and fair the face2       ,she breathes 
amen to prayer and hymn1       ,no      
wonder that her eyes are dim1           

,and pale her cheek4      ,this moment  
round her empire's shores       ,the    
winds of ,austral winter sweep1         
,and thousands lie in midnight sleep    
,at rest to-day4     ,o6 awful is that  
crown of yours1       ,queen of         
innumerable realms1       ,sitting      
beneath the budding elms                
,of ,english ,may6      ,a wondrous     
sceptre 'tis to bear1       ,strange    
mystery of ,god which set       ,upon   
her brow yon coronet1--                 
,the foremost crown     ,of all the     
world on one so fair6       ,that chose 
her to it from her birth1       ,and    
bade the sons of all the earth          
,to her bow down4      ,the             
representatives of man1       ,here from
 the far ,antipodes1       ,and from the
 subject ,indian seas1               ,in
 ,congress meet2     ,from ,afric and   
from ,hindostan1       ,from ,western   
continent and isle1       ,the envoys of
 her empire pile               ,gifts at
 her feet4      ,our brethren cross the 

,atlantic tides1       ,loading the     
gallant decks1 which once       ,roared 
a defiance to our guns1                 
,with peaceful store2     ,symbol of    
peace1 their vessel rides6#b       ,o'er
 ,english waves float ,star and ,stripe1
       ,and from their friendly anchors 
gripe               ,the father-shore6  
,from ,rhine and ,danube1 ,rhone and    
,seine1       ,as rivers from their     
sources gush1       ,the swelling floods
 of nations rush1               ,and    
seaward pour3     ,from coast to coast  
in friendly chain1       ,with countless
 ships we bridge the straits2       ,and
 angry ,ocean separates                 
,europe no more4      ,from ,mississippi
 and from ,nile--       ,from ,baltic1  
,ganges1 ,bosphorus1       ,in          
,england's ,ark assembled thus          
,are friend and guest4     ,look down   
the mighty sunlit aisle1       ,and see 
the sumptuous banquet set1       ,the   
brotherhood of nations met              
,around the feast6      ,along the      

dazzling colonnade1       ,far as the   
straining eye can gaze1       ,gleam    
cross and fountain1 bell1 and vase1     
,in vistas bright4     ,and statues fair
 of nymph and maid1       ,and steeds   
and pards and ,amazons1       ,writhing 
and grappling in the bronze1            
,in endless fight4      ,to deck the    
glorious roof and dome1       ,to make  
the ,queen a canopy1       ,the peaceful
 hosts of industry               ,their 
standards bear4     ,yon are the works  
of ,brahmin loom2       ,on such a web  
of ,persian thread       ,the desert    
,arab bows his head1               ,and 
cries his prayer4      ,look yonder     
where the engines toil2       ,these    
,england's arms1 of conquest are1       
,the trophies of her bloodless war3     
,brave weapons these4     ,victorious   
over wave and soil1       ,with these   
she sails1 she weaves1 she tills        
,pierces the everlasting hills1         
,and spans the seas4      ,the engine   
roars upon its race1       ,the shuttle 

whirrs along the woof1       ,the people
 hum from floor to roof1                
,with ,babel tongue4      ,the fountain 
in the basin plays1       ,the chanting 
organ echoes clear1       ,an awful     
chorus 'tis to hear1                    
,a wondrous song6      ,swell organ1    
swell your trumpet blast1       ,march1 
,queen1 and ,royal pageant1 march       
,by splendid aisle and springing arch   
,of this fair ,hall3     ,and see6 above
 the fabric vast1       ,god's boundless
 ,heaven is bending blue1       ,god's  
peaceful ,sun is beaming through        
,and shining over all4  ,april #bi4     
,,footnotes3  #b ,the ,st4 ,lawrence4   
,,the ,,second ,,wife3 ,,or1 ,,the      
,,tables ,,turned4  ,,written ,,for     
,,the ,,international ,,monthly         
,,magazine4   ,subordination is the     
apparent lot of woman4 ,from the        
domination of nurses1 parents1          
guardians1 and teachers1 during infancy 
and youth1 to the magisterial rule of   
her lord and master1 during married     

life1 and the softer control of her     
children1 through that valley of the    
shadow of death1 old age1 it rarely     
ceases1 until the neatly-crimped borders
 of the death-cap rest upon the icy     
brow1 and the unfortunate subject is    
screwed down in one of those exceedingly
 awkward mahogany tenements1 henceforth 
all which it may inhabit4  ,there are   
two ways of meeting this destiny of the 
sex4 ,one is merely to kiss the rod1 and
 bend before the will of the oppressor1 
meekly turning both cheeks to be smitten
 at once1 and offering to lend both coat
 and cloak1 even before either is       
required4 ,the other mode is to boldly  
face down the enemy1 and by a           
never-tiring guerilla warfare1 to hamper
 his movements1 cut off his provisions1 
and finally hem him in1 after a manner  
that shall cause him ignominiously to   
surrender1 to lay down his arms1 pass   
under the yoke1 and at                  
length--converting his sword into a     
pruning-hook--leave his conqueror       

undisputed possession of the land4 ,the 
usual injustice of the world is seen in 
the success which ordinarily attends the
 latter method2 while the meek and      
gentle1 who1 it is promised1 shall      
inherit the earth1 must look for a new  
heaven and a new earth before they can  
come into their property4 ,husbands1 it 
is premised1 have no small share in this
 domestic despotism4 ,how often do we   
see--to the shame of the male sex       
generally1 be it spoken--some rough1    
coarse-minded tyrant1 linked to a quiet1
 amiable woman1 who after a long period 
of hectoring and dragooning1 ordering   
and counter-ordering1 sinks into the    
grave of a broken heart--or what is     
worse1 a broken spirit4 ,and            
sometimes--for fate is sometimes        
just--the said patient wife is replaced 
by some undaunted avenger of her wrongs1
 who in her turn dragoons1 and hectors  
,othello1 until indeed his occupation's 
gone4  ,my old acquaintance1 ,charles   
,boldenough1 was pronounced to be1 by   

the tutors1 as well as by the students  
of ,d---- ,college1 the most unlicked   
cub who ever misconstrued ,virgil4      
,their experience was undoubtedly great 
in this species of natural history1 but 
of all the hard characters who fell     
under their inspection and jurisdiction1
 ,i question if there were one who could
 with any share of success1 dispute with
 him the enviable claim of being the    
hardest4 ,tall1 athletic1 with a huge   
frame capable of any fatigue1 and health
 that never failed him2 with a          
passionate temper1 and a stentorian     
voice whose thunders were the terror of 
the younger boys1 ,charles ,boldenough  
contrived to overawe with brute force   
all the small fry1 and to convince the  
older collegians that it was best to    
yield passively to pretensions which    
could only be contended with any chance 
of success1 by wrestling powers equal to
 his own4 ,he was in fact the gladiator 
of ,d----,college1--champion ,i should  
have called him1 were it not that he was

 constantly at war with the professors  
and faculty1 who might be said to       
represent it4 ,the incorrigible laziness
 and ignorance which marked his         
scholastic career1 were fruitful sources
 of complaint and reprimand2 the        
frequent boating expeditions1 the       
sporting excursions1 and fishing        
parties1 on which he was absent1        
sometimes for entire days1 would        
unquestionably have terminated the      
course of his studies1 and released the 
freshmen from their dreaded tyrant1 by  
his early expulsion1 had it not been for
 the influence of powerful family       
connections1 and the personal           
interference of his friends4 ,but in the
 course of time1 he finished his        
collegiate labors1 with all the honors1 
and a scarcity of black eyes1 and bloody
 noses1 immediately prevailed at ,d----1
 such as had not occurred for years4  ,i
 separated from him at that time1 and   
heard nothing of him for a long         
interval4 ,when ,i next saw him1 he was 

married4 ,the person whom my pugnacious 
acquaintance had made the object of his 
choice1 was a fair blue-eyed timid      
little woman1 with a frail figure1      
delicate health1 and temper mild as the 
summer morning4 ,what could have induced
 her1 to ally herself with this         
belligerent power1 ,i never could       
imagine4 ,whether she had fallen in love
 with that great burly countenance1 and 
loud voice2 or whether1 as the youngest 
of ten children1 she had snatched at the
 crown matrimonial as affording an      
escape from a disagreeable home1 or     
whether some one of her friends         
compelled her to do it1 ,i have always  
found it impossible to determine4 ,i    
only know that at the first interview1  
,i saw enough to pity the poor being in 
my heart4 ,she hung upon the arm of her 
,alcides1 like a snow-drop on a rock4   
,my friend had never had many           
pretensions to beauty2 and his rough red
 visage and portly figure1 bore witness 
of a right boisterous and jolly style of

 living4 ,his first act after his       
marriage1 was to engage in a violent    
quarrel with his wife's father and eight
 stalwart brothers1 the result of which 
was a total cessation of intercourse    
between the two families4 ,his young    
partner was compelled to receive the    
boon companions of her better half1 to  
the entire exclusion of her own friends4
 ,the home of ,charles ,boldenough was a
 constant scene of dinner parties1 and  
oyster suppers innumerable1 which1 as   
they frequently ended by an altercation 
between the host and his guests1 were a 
continual source of agitation to his    
wife4  ,a perfect angel of peace and    
gentleness she was4 ,she bore1 with     
unexampled resignation1 the thraldom    
which was destroying her health and     
comfort4 ,she tried1 with patience1     
every means of pleasing a man who never 
allowed her to know what he liked1 as it
 would have taken away all room for     
grumbling4 ,with scrupulous care she    
attended to his little vexatious wants1 

his epicurean tastes1 his trifling      
whimsical peculiarities4 ,if she wished 
to remain at home1 he forced her to go  
abroad2 if she were desirous of going   
out1 he made her stay within doors4 ,if 
she liked a person more than commonly1  
he1 in the words of the vulgar1 made the
 house too hot to hold them4 ,if1 on the
 contrary1 she was annoyed by the       
presence of one of his acquaintances1   
she had time and opportunity to get rid 
of her abhorrence1 since she was        
continually visited with their company4 
,he scolded1 grumbled1 and found fault  
with every thing she did2 with her acts 
and her intentions alike4 ,if she       
ordered a servant to perform any        
particular duty1 he immediately         
countermanded the orders2 if she made   
any change1 however slight1 in the      
family arrangements1 no penance could   
expiate the offence4 ,so she lived on1  
with almost a struggle for her          
existence1 having learned the important 
mythological lesson1 that ,hymen1 like  

,janus1 wears two faces1 and that the   
temple of the former god1 unlike that of
 the latter1 is never closed4 ,she had  
several children 7who fortunately all   
died before their mother71 but          
,boldenough1 on the ground that women   
were not fit to bring up boys1          
constantly interfered in the education  
of the girls1 and made his wife as      
wretched by this means as by any other4 
,he punished when she rewarded1 and     
indulged when she reproved2 he sent them
 to school when she would have educated 
them at home1 and reaped his reward1 by 
having them secretly fear and hate him4 
,poor ,mrs4 ,boldenough complained not1 
but she grew thinner and paler every    
year1 and her voice1 as if lost amid the
 loud tones1 forever reverberating in   
her ears1 became so low as to be        
scarcely audible4  ,at last she died4   
,when it became necessary to inform him 
of the danger she was in1 he was at     
first stupefied by the unexpected       
intelligence1 and the feeling that he   

was to lose a household object1 which   
time had rendered not dear1 but         
familiar4 ,then he flew into a violent  
rage1 quarreled with the attendants1    
servants1 even the friends and          
relatives4 ,having recovered from the   
shock in some degree1 he set about      
persecuting his poor wife during her    
last moments1 in the same manner he had 
done while she enjoyed her health1 with 
this difference3 that it was now killing
 with kindness4 ,he sent away in a rage 
the family physician1 although his dying
 wife begged him1 almost with tears1 to 
retain him4 ,he brought strange         
attendants to wait upon her1 and        
insisted upon her eating when she had no
 appetite1 and when the very sight of   
food created disgust4 ,the sight of his 
big1 cross1 burly countenance1          
perpetually haunting her1 and his loud  
questions1 to which he would have       
answers1 and the eternal remedies1 which
 he disturbed her feverish sleep that   
she might swallow--were causes1 as the  

nurse averred1 which positively sent the
 poor lady out of the world--for he     
wouldn't1 said that worthy person1 he   
wouldn't have let her get well1 even if 
she'd been a mind to4  ,poor thing6 a   
man who1 as it was universally agreed1  
had broken his wife's heart1 was not    
likely to regret her very deeply1 or    
very long4 ,but he was rougher and ruder
 than ever2 the confusion into which his
 family matters immediately fell1 the   
dishonesty of servants1 the diabolical  
gastronomy of his cuisine1 and the      
insufferable dullness of a home in which
 there was no family circle to be made  
uncomfortable and to be railed at every 
hour in the day1 induced ,charles       
,boldenough to mingle more freely in    
society1 in order1 as it was immediately
 said1 that he might marry again4 ,many 
were the denunciations of wrath and     
sorrow to come1 which were showered upon
 the head of that wretched woman who    
should accept ,charles ,boldenough's    
huge bony hand4 ,he had the name of the 

worst of husbands1 and it was           
confidently said that he would never    
succeed in contracting a second         
alliance3 an assertion to which he gave 
the lie by espousing1 one year after the
 death of the first ,mrs4 ,boldenough1  
an intrepid successor1 in the person of 
a damsel whom he had long been known to 
admire4  ,the second ,mrs4 ,boldenough  
was a complete and entire contrast to   
the first4 ,she was so nearly equal to  
her husband in stature and in size that 
she might almost have succeeded in      
giving him1 what no person had ever been
 known to do1 and what he certainly had 
long required3 namely1 a good flogging4 
,she had a pair of cheeks like nothing  
in this world except two prize          
,spitzenberg apples1 black eyes1 fierce 
and bright and far-seeing almost to a   
miracle1 and a voice that went through  
your head like a milkman's whistle1     
whilst the continued sound of her       
conversation resembled a gong at the    
great hotels4 ,boldenough she was by    

name1 and ,boldenough by nature2 her    
carriage1 erect and firm1 and rapid as a
 locomotive1 seemed to require the      
ringing of a little bell before her1 to 
keep the unwary off the tracks1 after   
the manner of most railway trains4 ,she 
was afraid of nothing in the heavens    
above1 or in the earth beneath1 or in   
the waters under the earth4 ,she could  
break the most unruly horse1 fire at a  
mark with a perfect aim1 and collar any 
man who should show her any             
impertinence1 with a coolness and       
strength of limb perfectly wonderful to 
behold4 ,born to command1 she was not   
angry but merely surprised that any one 
should dream of controlling her4 ,it was
 only after a long resistance to her    
wishes that the full torrent of her rage
 burst forth1 but with an overwhelming  
fury4  ,the ,french say ,c'est le coeur 
qui fait le grenadier4 ,if this be true1
 what a very respectable regiment might 
be formed from the ranks of the fair sex
 in all parts of the world1 were they   

but armed and equipped as the law       
directs6 ,what an irresistible army     
would that be which should be formed of 
troops like these6 ,my friend1 ,mrs4    
,boldenough1 would have made an         
excellent commander to these imaginary  
forces1 and would1 no doubt1 have been  
as entirely successful in overrunning   
the enemy's country and driving him from
 his last entrenchments1 as she was in  
the domestic circle triumphant over     
husband and servants1 and sweeping      
before her the convivial revellers of   
the former by means of the rapid        
extinction of feudal customs1 in the    
shape of suppers and dinner parties4    
,mr4 ,boldenough attempted to make a    
gallant defence2 he stormed1 raved1     
threatened1 commanded1 and exhorted2    
scenes of conflict1 dreadful to witness1
 took place between the warlike hosts4  
,the lord of the mansion's burly visage 
turned pale at finding himself stormed  
down with a noise and clatter which     
almost burst the tympanum of his ears4  

,if he had scolded she had raved more   
loudly1 if he had thundered she rang out
 her high shrill treble with as much    
force and strength as a dinner-bell4    
,fairly beaten and vanquished1 he shrunk
 from the ground2 she1 undismayed1      
keeping the natural ruby of her cheeks1 
while his were pale from fear4  ,voe    
victis6 ,wo to the conquered6 ,the reign
 of ,mr4 ,boldenough was over2 a new    
dynasty took possession of the throne4  
,the old servants were packed1 bag and  
baggage1 out of the mansion2 the old    
acquaintances of the host were          
impressively given to understand that   
they were never to come there no more4  
,the longer any arbitrary power is      
established the more secure its         
authority becomes4 ,so it proved with   
regard to ,mrs4 ,boldenough4 ,there was 
no escaping from her military despotism2
 she was an excellent housewife1 and the
 best of good managers1 and as might    
have been expected1 she immediately     
restrained and cut off the lavish       

expenditure of the household4 ,mr4      
,boldenough made a few faint expiring   
efforts in behalf of his favorite       
luxuries4 ,not the better part of valor1
 is1 as he discovered1 discretion2 for  
his helpmate held in her hands the      
buying and the ordering of his dinners  
and his daily food1 and if he complained
 he was sure to find his condition worse
 than it was before4 ,in the course of  
time six sturdy ,boldenoughs sprung up1 
robust1 hardy1 noisy1 and passionate as 
their mother1 whose authority they      
served to confirm and strengthen4 ,then1
 indeed1 it was that my friend          
,charles's shadow perceptibly grew less4
 ,he shrank from the notice of his wife 
and the bold ,titans1 his sons4 ,the    
first ,mrs4 ,boldenough's memory was    
certainly avenged4         99       99  
99       99       99  ,the last time ,i 
met my friend he was evidently sinking  
slowly but surely into the vale of      
years4 ,his great rubicund countenance  
was sunken and emaciated1 his figure    

bent and meagre1 his voice weak and     
faint as a whisper1 and his hearing     
entirely gone4 ,from what cause my      
readers may perhaps imagine4 ,he was1   
indeed1 stone deaf4 ,i question1        
however1 if this were not almost a      
mercy1 considering the tower of ,babel  
in which he dwelt4 ,nobody cared what   
became of him1 for he had never cared   
for any body4  ,charles ,boldenough     
departed this life shortly after having 
survived his second marriage fifteen    
years4 ,the physician had the effrontery
 to ascribe to paralysis what evidently 
was no natural death4 ,his end might    
have excited some pity from his         
acquaintances and friends1 if it had not
 been for two things1 namely1 that he   
had no friends1 and that he merely      
received himself the same treatment     
which he had given others4 ,i was not   
sorry for him1 ,i confess4 ,justice is  
so rare in this world of ours1 that ,i  
am not disposed to undervalue it when it
 is summarily executed4 ,the ,amazonian 

relict of my friend ,charles never      
re-married4 ,whether she never found    
that daring man1 who was ,van           
,amburgh-like enough to put his head in 
the lioness's mouth without fear of     
having it snapped off at one blow1 or   
whether the charge of her young giants  
was sufficient for her occupation1 or   
whether she was conscious of having     
fulfilled her mission1 ,i do not know4  
,she retained her formidable name to the
 end of her days4  ,reader6 ,i have     
done4 ,if you are a woman you may smile1
 and if a man you will sneer2 but ,i    
assure you there is a moral in the      
petite histoire of the second wife4     
,adieu6     ,a ,,story ,,without ,a     
,,name#c  ,,written ,,for ,,the         
,,international ,,monthly ,,magazine4   
,,by ,g4 ,p4 ,r4 ,,james1 ,,esq4        
,continued from page #bjj4   ,,chapter  
,,xxvi4  ,there are seasons in the life 
of man1 as well as in the course of the 
year2 and well1 unhappily1 have many    
poets painted them in all their various 

aspects4 ,but these seasons are subject 
to variations with different men1 as    
with different years4 ,the summer of one
 man is all bright and calm--a lapse of 
tranquil sunshine1 and soft airs1 and   
gentle dews4 ,with another1 the same    
season passes in the thunder-storm of   
passion--the tempests of war or         
ambition--and often1 the gloomy days of 
autumn or of winter overshadowed the    
rich land1 and spoiled the promised     
harvest4  ,it was an autumn-like period 
during the next three or four months of 
the family of ,sir ,philip ,hastings4   
,for the first time1 uncertainty and    
doubt fell upon the family generally4   
,there had been differences of temper   
and of character4 ,there had been slight
 inconveniences4 ,there had been        
occasional sickness and anxiety4 ,there 
had been all those things which in the  
usual course of events diminished the   
sum of human happiness even to the most 
happy4 ,but there had been nothing the  
least like uncertainty of position4     

,there had been no wavering anxiety from
 day to day as to what the morrow was to
 bring forth4 ,there had been none of   
that poison-drop in which the keenest   
shafts of fate are dipped1 the looking  
for of evil4  ,now1 every day brought   
some new intelligence1 and some new     
expectation1 and the mass was altogether
 unfavorable4 ,had the blow fallen at   
once--had any one been in power to say1 
,sir ,philip ,hastings1 you must resign 
all your paternal estates1 and pay back 
at once the rents for nearly twenty     
years--you must give up the rank and    
station which you have hitherto held1   
and occupy a totally different position 
in society6 ,sir ,philip would have     
submitted at once1 and with less        
discomfort than most of my readers can  
imagine4 ,but it was the wearing1       
irritating1 exciting1 yet stupefying    
progress of a lawsuit which had a       
painful and distressing effect upon his 
mind4 ,one day1 he thought he saw the   
case quite clearly--could track the     

tricks of his adversary1 and expose the 
insecure foundation of his claim2 and   
then would come two or three days of    
doubt and discussion1 and then          
disappointment1 and a new turn where    
every thing had to begin again4 ,but    
gradually proofs swelled up1 first      
giving some show of justice to the      
pretence that ,john ,ayliffe had some   
claim1 then amounting to a probability  
in his favor1 then seeming1 to unlearned
 eyes1 very powerful as to his right4   
,i am no lawyer1 and therefore cannot   
pursue all the stages of the proceeding2
 but ,john ,ayliffe had for his         
assistants unscrupulous men1 whose only 
aims were to succeed1 and to shield     
themselves from danger in case of       
detection2 and their turns1 and twists1 
and new points1 were manifold4  ,sir    
,philip ,hastings was tortured4 ,it     
affected his spirits and his temper4 ,he
 became more gloomy--occasionally       
irritable1 often suspicious4 ,he learned
 to pore over law papers1 to seek out   

flaws and errors1 to look for any thing 
that might convey a double meaning1 to  
track the tortuous and narrow paths by  
which that power which bears the name of
 ,justice reaches the clear light of    
truth1 or falls into the thorny deep of 
error4  ,all this disturbed and changed 
him2 and these daily anxieties and      
discomforts affected his family         
too--,emily1 indeed1 but little1 except 
inasmuch as she was grieved to see her  
father grieve4 ,but ,lady ,hastings was 
not only pained and mortified           
herself--she contrived to communicate a 
share of all she felt to others4 ,she   
became sad--somewhat sullen--and fancied
 all the time while she was depressing  
her husband's spirits1 and aggravating  
all he felt by despondency and murmurs1 
instead of cheering and supporting him  
by making light of the threatened evils1
 that she was but participating         
sympathetically in his anxieties1 and   
feeling a due share of his sorrows4 ,she
 had no idea of the duty of cheerfulness

 in a wife1 and how often it may prove  
the very blessing that ,god intended in 
giving man a helpmate4  ,sickness1 it is
 true1 had diminished somewhat the light
 spirits of her youth1 but she had      
assuredly become a creature of          
repinings--a murmurer by habit--fit to  
double rather than divide any load of   
misfortune which fate might cast upon a 
husband's shoulders4  ,lady ,hastings   
strove rather to look sad1 ,emily       
,hastings to be gay and cheerful1 and   
both did it perhaps a little too much   
for the mood and circumstances in which 
,sir ,philip then was4 ,he wondered when
 he came home1 after an anxious day1    
that ,lady ,hastings did nothing to     
cheer him--that every word was gloomy   
and sad--that she seemed far more       
affected at the thought of loss of      
fortune and station than himself4 ,he   
wondered also that ,emily could be so   
light and playful1 so joyous and        
seemingly unconcerned1 when he was      
suffering such anxiety4  ,poor ,emily6  

she was forcing spirits in vain1 and    
playing the kindliest of                
hypocrites--fashioning every word1 and  
every look1 to win him away from painful
 thought1 only to be misunderstood4     
,but the misunderstanding was heightened
 and pointed by the hand of malice4 ,the
 emotion which ,sir ,philip had         
displayed in the court had not been     
forgotten by some whom a spirit of      
revenge rendered keen and clear-sighted4
  ,it seemed impossible to mingle       
,emily's name directly with the law     
proceedings which were taking place2 but
 more than once in accidental           
correspondence it was insinuated that   
secret information1 which had led to the
 development of ,john ,ayliffe's claim1 
had been obtained from some near        
relation of ,sir ,philip ,hastings1 and 
it became generally rumored and credited
 in the county1 that ,emily had         
indiscreetly betrayed some secrets of   
her father's4 ,of course these rumors   
did not reach her ears1 but they reached

 ,sir ,philip ,hastings1 and he thought 
it strange1 and more strange1 that      
,emily had never mentioned to him her   
several interviews with ,john ,ayliffe1 
which he had by this time learned were  
more than one4  ,some strange feelings1 
disguised doubtless by one of those     
veils which vanity or selfishness are   
ever ready to cast over the naked       
emotions of the human heart1 withheld   
him from speaking to his child on the   
subject which caused him so much pain4  
,doubtless it was pride--for pride of a 
peculiar kind was at the bottom of many 
of his actions4 ,he would not condescend
 to inquire1 he thought1 into that which
 she did not choose to explain herself1 
and he went on in reality barring the   
way against confidence1 when1 in truth1 
nothing would have given ,emily more    
relief than to open her whole heart to  
her father4  ,with ,marlow1 ,sir ,philip
 ,hastings was more free and            
communicative than with any one else4   
,the young man's clear perceptions1 and 

rapid comprehensions on any point in the
 course of the proceedings going on1 his
 zeal1 his anxiety1 his thoughtfulness1 
and his keen sense of what was just and 
equitable1 raised him every day higher  
in the opinion of ,sir ,philip          
,hastings1 and he would consult with him
 for hours1 talk the whole matter over  
in all its bearings1 and leave him to   
solve various questions of conscience in
 which he found it difficult himself to 
come to a decision4 ,only on one point  
,sir ,philip ,hastings never spoke to   
him2 and that was ,emily's conduct with 
regard to young ,ayliffe4 ,that1 the    
father could not do2 and yet1 more than 
once1 he longed to do it4  ,one day1    
however1 towards the end of six months  
after the first processes had been      
issued1 ,sir ,philip ,hastings1 in one  
of his morning consultations with       
,marlow1 recapitulated succinctly all   
the proofs which young ,john ,ayliffe   
had brought forward to establish a valid
 marriage between his mother and the    

elder brother of the baronet4  ,the case
 is very nearly complete1 said ,sir     
,philip4 ,but two or three links in the 
chain of evidence are wanting1 and as   
soon as ,i become myself convinced that 
this young man is1 beyond all reasonable
 doubt1 the legitimate son of my brother
 ,john1 my course will be soon taken4   
,it behooves us in the first instance1  
,marlow1 to consider how this may affect
 you4 ,you have sought the hand of a    
rich man's daughter1 and now ,i shall be
 a poor man2 for although considerable  
sums have accumulated since my father's 
death1 they will not more than suffice  
to pay off the sums due to this young   
man if his claim be established1 and the
 expenses of this suit must be saved by 
hard economy4 ,the property of ,lady    
,hastings will still descend to our     
child1 but neither she nor ,i have the  
power to alienate even a part of it for 
our daughter's dowry4 ,it is right1     
therefore1 ,marlow1 that you should be  
set free from all engagements4  ,when ,i

 first asked your daughter's hand1 ,sir 
,philip1 replied ,marlow1 ,i heartily   
wished that our fortunes were more      
equal4 ,fate has granted that wish1     
apparently1 in making them so2 and      
believe me1 ,i rejoice rather than      
regret that it is so1 as far as ,i      
myself am concerned4 ,we shall have     
enough for comfort1 ,sir ,philip1 and   
not too much for happiness4 ,what need  
we more8 ,but ,i cannot help thinking1  
he continued1 that this suit may turn   
out differently from that which you     
expect4 ,i believe that the mind has its
 instincts1 which1 though dangerous to  
trust to1 guide us nevertheless1        
sometimes1 more surely than reason4     
,there is an impression on my mind1     
which all the evidence hitherto brought 
forward has been unable to shake1 that  
this claim of ,john ,ayliffe is utterly 
without foundation--that it is1 in fact1
 a trumped up case1 supported by proofs 
which will fall to pieces under close   
examination4  ,sir ,philip ,hastings    

shook his head4 ,but one thing more1 he 
said1 and ,i am myself convinced4 ,i    
will not struggle against conviction1   
,marlow2 but the moment ,i feel morally 
sure that ,i am defending a bad cause1  
that instant ,i will yield1 be the      
sacrifice what it may4 ,nothing on      
earth1 he continued1 in a stern         
abstracted tone1 shall ever prevent my  
doing that which ,i believe right1 and  
which justice and honor require me to   
do4 ,life itself and all that makes life
 dear were but a poor sacrifice in the  
eyes of an honest man2 what then a few  
thousand acres1 and an empty            
designation8  ,but1 my dear ,sir        
,philip1 replied ,marlow1 let us suppose
 for one moment that this claim is a    
fictitious one1 and that it is supported
 by fraud and forgery1 you will allow   
that more than a few months are required
 to investigate all the particulars     
thoroughly1 and to detect the knavery   
which may have been committed8  ,my dear
 ,marlow1 replied ,sir ,philip1         

conviction comes to each mind           
accordingly as it is naturally          
constituted or habitually regulated4 ,i 
trust ,i have studied the nature of     
evidence well--well enough to be        
satisfied with much less than mere law  
will require4 ,in regard to all         
questions which come under the decision 
of the law1 there are1 in fact1 two     
juries who decide upon the merits of the
 evidence--one1 selected from our fellow
 men--the other in the bosom of the     
parties before which each man shall     
scrupulously try the justice of his own 
cause1 and if the verdict be against    
him1 should look upon himself but as an 
officer to carry the verdict into       
execution4 ,i will never act against    
conviction4 ,i will always act with it4 
,my mind will try the cause itself2 and 
the moment its decision is pronounced1  
that instant ,i will act upon it4       
,marlow knew that it was in vain to     
argue farther1 and could only trust that
 something would occur speedily to      

restore ,sir ,philip's confidence in his
 own rights4  ,sir ,philip1 however1 was
 now absent very frequently from home4  
,the unpleasant business in which he was
 engaged1 called him continually to the 
county town1 and many a long and happy  
hour might ,marlow and ,emily have      
passed together had not ,lady ,hastings 
at this time assumed a somewhat new     
character--apparently so only--for it   
was1 in fact1 merely a phase of the old 
one4 ,she became--as far as health and  
indolence would admit--the most prudent 
and careful mother in the world4 ,she   
insinuated that it was highly improper  
for ,emily to walk or ride alone with   
her acknowledged lover1 and broadly     
asserted that their previous rambles had
 been permitted without her knowledge1  
and from inadvertence4 ,during all      
,marlow's afternoon visits1 she took    
especial care to sit with them the whole
 time1 and thus she sought to deprive   
them of all means of free and           
unconstrained communication4 ,such would

 have been the result1 too1 indeed1 had 
it not been for a few morning hours     
snatched now and then2 partly from a    
habit of indulgence1 and partly from    
very delicate health1 ,lady ,hastings   
was rarely1 if ever1 down to breakfast1 
and generally remained in her           
drawing-room till the hour of noon was  
past4  ,the hours of ,sir ,philip's     
absence were generally tedious enough to
 himself4 ,sometimes a day of weary and 
laborious business occupied the time2   
but that was a relief rather than       
otherwise4 ,in general the day was spent
 in a visit to the office of his lawyer1
 in finding the information he wanted1  
or the case he had desired to be        
prepared1 not ready for him1 in waiting 
for it hour after hour1 in tedious      
gloomy meditation1 and very often riding
 home without it1 reflecting on the     
evils of a dilatory system which often1 
by the refusal of speedy justice1       
renders ultimate justice unavailable for
 any thing but the assertion of an      

abstract principle4 ,he got tired of    
this mode of proceeding3 he felt that it
 irritated and disordered him1 and after
 a while1 whenever he found that he     
should be detained in suspense1 he      
mounted his horse again1 and rode away  
to amuse his mind with other things4    
,the house of ,mrs4 ,hazleton being so  
near1 he more than once paid her a visit
 during such intervals4 ,his coming     
frequently was not altogether convenient
 to her2 for ,john ,ayliffe was not an  
unfrequent visitor at her house1 and    
,mrs4 ,hazleton had to give the young   
man a hint to let her see him early in  
the morning or late in the evening4     
,nevertheless1 ,mrs4 ,hazleton was not  
at all displeased to cultivate the      
friendship of ,sir ,philip ,hastings4   
,she had her objects1 her purposes1 to  
serve1 and with her when she put on her 
most friendly looks towards the baronet 
she was not moved merely by that        
everyday instinctive hypocrisy which    
leads man to cover the passions he is   

conscious of1 with a veil of the most   
opposite appearances1 but it was a      
definite hypocrisy1 with objects        
distinctly seen by herself1 and full of 
purpose4  ,thus1 and for these reasons1 
she received ,sir ,philip ,hastings on  
all occasions with the highest          
distinction--assumed1 with a certain    
chameleon quality which some persons    
have1 the color and tone of his mind to 
a considerable degree1 while yet the    
general features of her own character   
were preserved sufficiently to shield   
her from the charge of affectation4 ,she
 was easy1 graceful1 dignified as ever1 
with a certain languid air1 and serious 
quietness which was very engaging4 ,she 
never referred in her conversations with
 ,sir ,philip to the suit that was going
 on against him1 and when he spoke of it
 himself1 though she assumed            
considerable interest1 and seemed to    
have a personal feeling in the matter1  
exclaiming1 ,if this goes on1 nobody's  
estates will be secure soon6 she soon   

suffered the subject to drop1 and did   
not recur to it again4  ,one day after  
the conversation between ,sir ,philip   
and ,marlow1 part of which has been     
already detailed1 ,sir ,philip turned   
his horse's head towards ,mrs4          
,hazleton's at a somewhat earlier hour  
than usual4 ,it was just half past ten  
when he dismounted at the door1 but he  
knew her matutinal habits and did not   
expect to find her occupied4 ,the       
servant1 however1 instead of showing him
 into the small room where she usually  
sat1 took him to the great drawing-room1
 and as he went1 ,sir ,philip heard the 
voices of ,mrs4 ,hazleton and another   
person in quick and apparently eager    
conversation4 ,there was nothing        
extraordinary in this1 however1 and he  
turned to the window and gazed out into 
the park4 ,he heard the servant go into 
the morning room1 and then immediately  
all sound of voices ceased4 ,shortly    
after1 a horse's feet1 beating the      
ground rapidly1 caught the baronet's    

ear1 but the rider must have mounted in 
the courtyard and taken the back way out
 of the park2 for he came not within    
,sir ,philip's sight4 ,a moment or two  
after1 ,mrs4 ,hazleton appeared1 and    
there was an air of eagerness and       
excitement about her which was not at   
all usual4 ,she seated ,sir ,philip     
beside her1 however1 with one of her    
blandest looks1 and then laying her hand
 on his1 said1 in a kind and sisterly   
tone1 ,do tell me1 ,sir ,philip--,i am  
not apt to be curious1 or meddle with   
other people's affairs2 but in this ,i  
am deeply interested4 ,a rumor has just 
reached me from ,hartwell1 that you have
 signified your intention of abandoning 
your defence against this ridiculous    
claim upon your property4 ,do tell me if
 this is true8  ,partly1 and partly     
false1 replied ,sir ,philip1 as all     
rumors are4 ,who gave you this          
information8  ,oh1 some of the people   
from ,hartwell1 she replied1 who came   
over upon business4  ,the tidings must  

have spread fast1 replied ,sir ,philip2 
,i announced to my own legal advisers   
this morning1 and told them to announce 
to the opposite party1 that if they     
could satisfy me upon one particular    
point1 ,i would not protract the suit1  
putting them to loss and inconvenience  
and myself also4  ,a noble and generous 
proceeding1 indeed1 said ,mrs4          
,hazleton1 with an enthusiastic burst of
 admiration4 ,ah1 dear ,emily1 ,i can   
see your mediation in this4  ,sir       
,philip started as if a knife had been  
plunged into him1 and with a profound   
internal satisfaction1 ,mrs4 ,hazleton  
saw the emotion she had produced4  ,may 
,i ask1 he said1 in a dry cold tone1    
after he had recovered himself a little1
 ,may ,i ask what my daughter can have  
to do with this affair8  ,oh1 really--in
 truth ,i don't know1 said ,mrs4        
,hazleton1 stammering and hesitating1 ,i
 only thought--but ,i dare say it is all
 nonsense4 ,women are always the        
peacemakers1 you know1 ,sir ,philip1 and

 as ,emily knew both parties well1 it   
seemed natural she should mediate       
between them4  ,well8-- said ,sir       
,philip ,hastings to himself1 slowly and
 thoughtfully1 but he only replied to   
,mrs4 ,hazleton1 ,no1 my dear ,madam1   
,emily has had nothing to do with this4 
,it has never formed a subject of       
conversation between us1 and ,i trust   
that she has sufficient respect for me1 
and for herself1 not to interfere       
unasked in my affairs4  ,the serpent had
 done its work2 the venom was busy in   
the veins of ,sir ,philip ,hastings1    
corrupting the purest sources of the    
heart's feelings1 and ,mrs4 ,hazleton   
saw it and triumphed4   ,,chapter       
,,xxvii4  ,emily was as gay as a lark4  
,the light of love and happiness was in 
her eyes1 the hue of health was upon her
 cheek1 and a new spirit of hope and joy
 seemed to pervade all her fair form4   
,so ,sir ,philip ,hastings found her on 
the terrace with ,marlow when he        
returned from ,hartwell4 ,she was       

dressed in a riding habit1 and one word 
would have explained all the gaiety of  
her mood4 ,lady ,hastings1 never very   
consequent in her actions1 had wished   
for some one of those things which      
ladies wish for1 and which ladies only  
can choose4 ,she had felt too unwell to 
go for it herself2 and although she had 
not a fortnight before expressed her    
strong disapprobation of her daughter   
and ,mr4 ,marlow even walking out alone 
in the park1 she had now sent them on   
horseback to procure what she wanted4   
,they had enjoyed one of those glorious 
rides over the downs1 which seem to pour
 into the heart fresh feelings of       
delight at every step1 flooding the     
sense with images of beauty1 and making 
the blood dance freely in the veins4 ,it
 seemed also1 both to her and ,marlow1  
that a part of the prohibition was      
removed1 and though they might not      
perhaps be permitted to walk out        
together1 ,lady ,hastings could hardly  
for the future forbid them to ride4     

,thus they had come back very well      
pleased1 with light hearts within1 and  
gay hopes fluttering round them4  ,sir  
,philip ,hastings1 on the other hand1   
had passed a day of bitterness1 and     
hard1 painful thought4 ,on his first    
visit to the county town1 he had1 as ,i 
have shown1 been obliged once more to   
put off decision4 ,then came his        
conference with ,mrs4 ,hazleton4 ,then  
he had returned to his lawyer's office1 
and found that the wanting evidence had 
been supplied by his opponents4 ,all    
that he had demanded was there2 and no  
apparent flaw in the case of his        
adversary4 ,he had always announced his 
attention of withdrawing opposition if  
such proofs were afforded1 and he did so
 now1 with stern1 rigid1 and somewhat   
hasty determination--but not without    
bitterness and regret4 ,his ride home1  
too1 was troubled with dull and grievous
 thoughts1 and his whole mind was out of
 tune1 and unfit to harmonize with      
gaiety of any kind4 ,he forgot that poor

 ,emily could not see what had been     
passing in his bosom1 could not know all
 that had occurred to disturb and annoy 
him1 and her light and cheerful spirits 
seemed an offence to him4  ,sir ,philip 
passed on1 after he had spoken a few    
words to ,marlow1 and sought ,lady      
,hastings in the room below1 where she  
usually sat after she came down4 ,sir   
,philip1 as ,i have shown1 had not been 
nurtured in a tender school1 and he was 
not very apt by gentle preparation to   
soothe the communication of any bad     
tidings4 ,without any circumlocution1   
then1 or prefatory remarks of any kind1 
he addressed his wife in the following  
words3 ,this matter is decided1 my dear 
,rachel4 ,i am no longer ,sir ,philip   
,hastings1 and it is necessary that we  
should remove from this house within a  
month1 to your old home--the ,court4 ,it
 will be necessary1 moreover1 that we   
should look with some degree of accuracy
 into the state of our future income1   
and our expenditure4 ,with your         

property1 and the estate which ,i       
inherit from my mother1 which being     
settled on the younger children1 no one 
can take from me1 we shall still have   
more than enough for happiness1 but the 
style of our living must be altered4 ,we
 shall have plenty of time to think of  
that1 however1 and to do what we have to
 do methodically4  ,lady ,hastings1 or  
as we should rather call her now1       
,mistress ,hastings1 seemed at first    
hardly to comprehend her husband's      
meaning1 and she replied1 ,you do not   
mean to say1 ,philip1 that this horrible
 cause is decided8  ,as far as ,i am    
concerned1 entirely1 replied ,sir       
,philip ,hastings4 ,i shall offer no    
farther defence4  ,lady ,hastings fell  
into a fit of hysterics1 and her husband
 knowing that it was useless to argue   
with her in such circumstances1 called  
her maid1 and left her4  ,there was but 
a dull dinner-party at the ,hall that   
day4 ,sir ,philip was gloomy and        
reserved1 and the news which had spread 

over the house1 as to the great loss of 
property which he had sustained1 soon   
robbed his daughter of her cheerfulness4
  ,marlow1 too1 was very grave2 for he  
thought his friend had acted1 not only  
hastily1 but imprudently4 ,lady         
,hastings did not come down to dinner1  
and as soon as the meal was over ,emily 
retired to her mother's dressing-room1  
leaving ,marlow and her father with     
their wine4 ,sir ,philip avoided the    
subject of his late loss1 however1 and  
when ,marlow himself1 alluded to it1    
replied very briefly4  ,it is done1 he  
said1 and ,i will cast the matter       
entirely from my mind1 ,marlow4 ,i will 
endeavor1 as far as possible1 to do in  
all circumstances what is right1        
whatever be the anguish it costs me4    
,having done what is right1 my next     
effort shall be to crush every thing    
like regret or repining4 ,there is only 
one thing in life which could give me   
any permanent pain1 and that would be to
 have an unworthy child4  ,marlow did   

not seem to remark the peculiar tone in 
which the last words were uttered1 and  
he replied4 ,there1 at least1 you are   
most happy1 ,sir ,philip2 for surely    
,emily is a blessing which may well     
compensate for any misfortunes4  ,i     
trust so--,i think so1 said ,sir        
,philip1 in a dry and hasty manner1 and 
then changing the subject1 he added1    
,call me merely ,philip ,hastings1 my   
good friend4 ,i say with ,lord ,verulam1
 ',the ,chancellor is gone4' ,i mean ,i 
am no longer a baronet4 ,that will not  
distress me1 however1 and as to the loss
 of fortune1 ,i can bear it with the    
most perfect indifference4  ,mr4        
,hastings reckoned in some degree       
without his host1 however4 ,he knew not 
all the petty annoyances that were in   
store for him4 ,the costs he had to pay1
 the back-rents which were claimed1 the 
long and complicated accounts that were 
to be passed1 the eager struggle which  
was made to deprive him of many things  
undoubtedly his own2 all were matters of

 almost daily trouble and irritation    
during the next six months4 ,he had     
greatly miscalculated the whole amount  
of expenses4 ,having lived always       
considerably within his income1 he had  
imagined that he had quite a sufficient 
amount in ready money to pay all the    
demands that could be made upon him4    
,but such was far from being the case4  
,before all the debts were paid1 and the
 accounts closed1 he was obliged to     
raise money upon his life-interest in   
his mother's property1 and to remain    
dependent1 as it were1 upon his wife's  
income for his whole means4 ,these daily
 annoyances had a much greater effect   
upon ,mr4 ,hastings than any great and  
serious misfortune could have had4 ,he  
became morose1 impatient1 gloomy4 ,his  
mind brooded over all that had occurred1
 and all that was occurring4 ,he took   
perverted views of many things1 and     
adhered to them with an obstinacy that  
nothing could shake4  ,in the mean time 
all the neighbors and friends of the    

family endeavored to show their sympathy
 and kindness by every means in their   
power4 ,even before the family quitted  
the ,hall1 the visitors were more       
numerous than they had ever been before1
 and this was some consolation to       
,mistress ,hastings1 though quite the   
contrary to her husband1 who did not    
indeed appear very frequently amongst   
the guests1 but remained in his own     
study as much as possible4  ,it was a   
very painful day for every one1 and for 
,emily especially1 when they passed the 
door of the old ,hall for the last time1
 and took their way through the park    
towards the ,court4 ,the furniture in   
great part1 the books1 the plate1 had   
gone before2 the rooms looked vacant and
 desolate1 and as ,emily passed through 
them one by one1 ere she went down to   
the carriage1 there was certainly       
nothing very attractive in their aspect4
 ,but there were spots there associated 
with many dear                          
memories--feelings--fancies--thoughts--a

ll the bright things of early1 happy    
youth2 and it was very bitter for her to
 leave them all1 and know that she was  
never to visit them again4  ,she might1 
and probably would1 have fallen into one
 of her deep reveries1 but she struggled
 against it1 knowing that both her      
father and her mother would require     
comfort and consolation in the coming   
hours4 ,she exerted herself1 then1      
steadily and courageously to bear up    
without a show of grief1 and she        
succeeded even too well to satisfy her  
father4 ,he thought her somewhat light  
and frivolous1 and judged it very       
strange that his daughter could quit her
 birth-place1 and her early home1       
without1 apparently1 one regretful sigh4
 ,he himself sat stern1 and gloomy1 and 
silent1 in the carriage1 as it rolled   
away4 ,mistress ,hastings leaned back1  
with her handkerchief over her eyes1    
weeping bitterly4 ,emily alone was      
calmly cheerful1 and she maintained this
 demeanor all the way along till they   

reached the ,court1 and separated till  
dinner-time4 ,then1 however1 she wept   
bitterly and long4  ,before she had     
descended to meet her parents at dinner1
 she did her best to efface all traces  
of her sad employment for the last hour4
 ,she did not succeed completely1 and   
when she entered the drawing-room1 and  
spoke cheerfully to her father1 he      
raised his eyes to her face1 and        
detected1 at once1 the marks of recent  
tears on her swollen eyelids4  ,she has 
been weeping1 said ,mr4 ,hastings to    
himself2 can ,i have been mistaken8  ,a 
gleam of the truth shot through his     
mind1 and comforted him much1 but alas1 
it was soon to be lost again4  ,from    
feelings of delicacy1 ,marlow had       
absented himself that day1 but on the   
following morning he was there early1   
and thenceforward was a daily visitor at
 the ,court4 ,he applied himself        
particularly to cheer ,emily's father1  
and often spent many hours with him1    
withdrawing ,mr4 ,hastings' mind from   

all that was painful in his own         
situation1 by leading it into those     
discussions of abstract propositions of 
which he was so fond4 ,but ,marlow was  
not the only frequent visitor at the    
,court4 ,mrs4 ,hazleton was there two or
 three times in the week1 and was all   
kindness1 gentleness1 and sympathy4 ,she
 had tutored herself well1 and she met  
,mr4 ,marlow as ,emily's affianced      
husband1 with an ease and indifference  
which was marvellously well assumed4 ,to
 ,mrs4 ,hastings she proved the greatest
 comfort1 although it is not to be      
asserted that the counsels which she    
gave her1 proved at all comfortable to  
the rest of the household1 and yet ,mrs4
 ,hazleton never committed herself4     
,mrs4 ,hastings could not have repeated 
one word that she said1 that any one on 
earth could have found fault with4 ,she 
had a mode of insinuating advice without
 speaking it--of eking out her words by 
looks and gestures full of significance 
to the person who beheld them1 but      

perfectly indescribable to others4  ,she
 was not satisfied1 however1 with being 
merely the friend and confidante of     
,mrs4 ,hastings4 ,she must win ,emily's 
father also1 and she succeeded so well  
that ,mr4 ,hastings quite forgot all    
doubts and suspicions1 and causes of    
offence1 and learned to look upon ,mrs4 
,hazleton as a really kind and amiable  
person1 and as consistent as could be   
expected of any woman4  ,not one word1  
however1 did ,mrs4 ,hazleton say in the 
hearing of ,emily's father which could  
tend in any degree to depreciate the    
character of ,mr4 ,marlow1 or be        
construed into a disapproval of the     
proposed marriage4 ,she was a great deal
 too wise for that1 knowing the         
character of ,mr4 ,hastings sufficiently
 to see that she could effect no object1
 and only injure herself by such a      
course4  ,to ,emily she was all that was
 kind and delightful4 ,she was          
completely the ,mrs4 ,hazleton of former
 days2 but with the young girl she was  

less successful than with her parents4  
,emily could never forget the visit to  
her house1 and what had there occurred1 
and the feelings which she entertained  
towards ,mrs4 ,hazleton were always     
those of doubt4 ,her character was a    
riddle to ,emily1 as well it might be4  
,there was nothing upon which she could 
definitely fix as an indication1 of a   
bad heart1 or of duplicity of nature1   
and yet she doubted2 nor did ,marlow at 
all assist in clearing her mind2 for    
although they often spoke of ,mrs4      
,hazleton1 and ,marlow admitted all her 
bright and shining qualities1 yet he    
became very taciturn when ,emily entered
 more deeply into that lady's character4
 ,marlow likewise had his doubts1 and to
 say sooth1 he was not at all well      
pleased to see ,mrs4 ,hazleton so       
frequently with ,mrs4 ,hastings4 ,he did
 not well know what it was he feared1   
but yet there was a something which     
instinctively told him that his         
interests in ,emily's family would not  

find the most favorable advocate in     
,mrs4 ,hazleton4  ,such was the state of
 things when one evening there was      
assembled at the house of ,mr4          
,hastings1 a small dinner party--the    
first which had been given since his    
loss of property4 ,the summer had       
returned1 the weather was beautiful1 the
 guests were cheerful and intellectual1 
and the dinner passed off happily       
enough4 ,there were several gentlemen   
and several ladies present1 and amongst 
the latter was ,mrs4 ,hazleton4         
,politics at that time ran high3 the    
people were not satisfied altogether    
with the ,king whom they had themselves 
chosen1 and several acts of intolerance 
had proved that promises made before the
 attainment of power are not always very
 strictly maintained when power has been
 reached4 ,mr4 ,hastings had never      
meddled in the strife of party4 ,he had 
a thorough contempt for policy and      
politicians1 but he did not at all      
object to argue upon the general        

principles of government1 in an abstract
 manner1 and very frequently startled   
his hearers by opinions1 not only       
unconstitutional1 and wide and far from 
any of the received notions of the day1 
but sometimes also1 very violent1 and   
sometimes at first sight1 irreconcilable
 with each other4 ,on the present       
occasion the conversation after dinner  
took a political turn1 and straying away
 from their wine1 the gentlemen walked  
out into the gardens1 which were still  
beautifully kept up1 and prolonged their
 discussion in the open air4 ,the ladies
 too--as all pictures show they were    
fond of doing in those days--were       
walking amongst the flowers1 not in     
groups1 but scattered here and there4   
,marlow was naturally making his way to 
the side of ,emily1 who was tying up a  
shrub at no great distance from the     
door1 but ,mrs4 ,hazleton unkindly      
called him to her1 to tell her the name 
of a flower which she did not know4 ,in 
the mean time ,mr4 ,hastings took his   

daughter by the arm1 leaning gently upon
 her1 and walking up and down the       
terrace1 while he continued his         
discussion with a ,northumberland       
gentleman known in history as ,sir ,john
 ,fenwick4 ,the case seems to be this1  
said ,mr4 ,hastings1 in reply to some   
question or the other2 all must depend  
upon the necessity4 ,violent means are  
bad as a remedy for any thing but       
violent evils1 but the greatness of the 
evil will often justify any degree of   
vigor in the means4 ,will any one tell  
me that ,brutus was not justified in    
stabbing ,caesar8 ,will any one tell me 
that ,william ,tell was not justified in
 all that he did against the tyrant of  
his country8 ,i will not pretend to     
justify the ,english regicides1 not only
 because they condemned a man by a      
process unknown to our laws1 and        
repugnant to all justice1 but because   
they committed an act for which there   
was no absolute necessity4 ,where an    
absolute necessity is shown1            

indeed--where no other means can be     
found of obtaining freedom1 justice and 
security1 ,i see no reason why a ,king  
should not be put to death as well as   
any other man4 ,nay more1 he who does   
the deed with a full appreciation of its
 importance1 a conscience clear of any  
private motives1 and a reasoning sense  
of all the bearings of the act he       
commits1 merits a monument rather than a
 gibbet1 though in these days he is sure
 to obtain the one and not the other4   
,hush1 hush1 do not speak so loud1 my   
dear sir1 said ,sir ,john ,fenwick2 less
 than those words brought ,sidney's head
 to the block4  ,i am not afraid of     
mine1 replied ,mr4 ,hastings1 with a    
faint smile2 mine are mere abstract     
notions with regard to such things2 very
 little dangerous to any crowned heads1 
and if they thought fit to put down such
 opinions1 they would have to burn more 
than one half of all the books we have  
derived from ,rome4  ,sir ,john ,fenwick
 would not pursue the subject1 however1 

and turned the conversation in another  
course4 ,he thought indeed that it had  
gone far enough1 especially when a young
 lady was present2 for he was one of    
those men who have no confidence in any 
woman's discretion1 and he knew well1   
though he did not profit much by his    
knowledge1 that things very slight1 when
 taken abstractedly1 may become very    
dangerous if forced into connection with
 events4 ,philip ,hastings would have   
said what he did say1 before any ears in
 ,europe1 without the slightest fear1   
but as it proved1 he had said too much  
for his own safety4 ,no one indeed      
seemed to have noticed the very strong  
opinions he had expressed except ,sir   
,john ,fenwick himself1 and shortly     
after the party gathered together again1
 and the conversation became general and
 not very interesting4   ,,chapter      
,,xxviii4  ,men have lived and died in  
the pursuit of two objects the least    
worthy1 on which the high mind of man   
could ever fix1 out of all the vain     

illusions that lead us forward through  
existence from youth to old age3 the    
philosopher's stone1 and the elixir of  
life4 ,gold1 gold1 sordid gold--not     
competence--not independence1 but       
wealth--profuse1 inexhaustible          
wealth--the hard food of ,croesus2      
strange that it should ever form the one
 great object of an immortal spirit6    
,but stranger still1 that a being born  
to higher destinies should seek to pin  
itself down to this dull earth          
forever--to dwell in a clay hut1 when a 
palace gates are open--to linger in a   
prison1 when freedom may be had--to     
outlive affections1 friendships1 hope   
and happiness--to remain desolate in a  
garden where every flower has withered4 
,to seek the philosopher's stone--even  
could it have been found--was a madness3
 but to desire the elixir of life was a 
worse insanity4  ,there was once1       
however1 in the world's history a       
search--an eager search1 for that which 
at first sight may seem nearly the same 

as the great elixir2 but which was in   
reality very1 very different4  ,we are  
told by the historians of ,america1 that
 a tradition prevailed amongst the      
,indians of ,puerto ,rico1 that in one  
of the islands on the coast1 there was a
 fountain which possessed the marvellous
 power of restoring1 to any one who     
bathed in its waters1 all the vigor and 
freshness of youth1 and that some of the
 ,spanish adventurers sought it         
anxiously1 but sought in vain4 ,here    
indeed was an object worthy of          
desire--here1 what the heart might well 
yearn for1 and mourn to find impossible4
  ,oh1 that fountain of youth1 what     
might it not give back6 ,the easy       
pliancy of limb3 the light activity of  
body3 the calm1 sweet sleep2 the power  
of enjoyment and acquisition3 the       
freshness of the heart3 the brightness  
of the fancy3 the brilliant dreams3 the 
glorious aspirations3 the beauty and the
 gentleness3 the innocence3 the love4   
,we1 who stand upon the shoal of memory1

 and look back in our faint dreams1 to  
the brighter land left far behind1 may  
well long for that sweet fountain which 
could renew--not life--but youth4  ,oh  
youth--youth6 ,give me but one year of  
youth again4 ,and it shall come4 ,i see 
it there1 beyond the skies1 that        
fountain of youth1 in the land where all
 flowers are immortal4  ,it is very     
strange1 however1 that with some men1   
when youth is gone1 its very memories   
die also4 ,they can so little recollect 
the feelings of that brighter time1 that
 they cannot comprehend them in others3 
that they become a mystery--a tale      
written in a tongue they have forgotten4
  ,it was so with ,philip ,hastings1 and
 so also with his wife4 ,neither seemed 
to comprehend the feelings of ,marlow   
and ,emily2 but her father understood   
them least4 ,he had consented to their  
union3 he approved of her choice2 but   
yet it seemed strange and unpleasant to 
him1 that her thoughts should be so     
completely given to her lover4 ,he could

 hardly believe that the intense        
affection she felt for another1 was     
compatible with love towards her parent4
 ,he knew not1 or seemed to have        
forgotten that the ordinance to leave   
all and cleave unto her husband1 is     
written in woman's heart as plainly as  
in the ,book4  ,nevertheless1 that which
 he felt was not the least like         
jealousy--although ,i have seen such a  
thing even in a parent towards a child4 
,it was a part of the problem of        
,emily's character1 which he was always 
trying to solve without success4  ,here1
 he thought1 she has known this young   
man1 but a short time--no years--not    
very many months2 and yet1 it is clear1 
that in that short space1 she has       
learned to love him better than those to
 whom she is bound by every tie of long 
enduring affection and tenderness4  ,had
 he thought of comparing at all1 her    
conduct and feelings with those of his  
own youth1 he would still have          
marvelled2 for he would have said1 ,i   

had no tenderness shown me in my young  
days--,i was not the companion1 the     
friend1 the idol1 the peculiar loved one
 of father or mother1 so long as my     
elder brother lived4 ,i loved her who   
first really loved me4 ,from my parents1
 ,i had met small affection1 and but    
little kindness4 ,it was therefore      
natural that ,i should fix my love      
elsewhere1 as they had fixed theirs4    
,but with my child1 the case is very    
different4  ,yet he loved ,marlow       
well--was fond of his society--was well 
pleased that he was to be his daughter's
 husband2 but even in his case1 ,mr4    
,hastings was surprised in a certain    
degree2 for ,marlow did not1 and could  
not conceal that he loved ,emily's      
society better than her father's--that  
he would rather a great deal be with her
 than with ,brutus himself or ,cato4    
,this desire on the part of ,marlow to  
be ever by her side1 was a great        
stumbling-block in the way of ,mr4      
,hastings' schemes for re-educating     

,marlow1 and giving that strength and   
vigor to his character of which his     
future father-in-law had thought it     
susceptible4 ,he made very little       
progress1 and perhaps ,marlow's society 
might even have had some influence upon 
him--might have softened--mitigated his 
character2 but that there were          
counteracting influences continually at 
work4  ,all that had lately             
happened--the loss of fortune and of    
station--the dark and irritating        
suspicions which had been instilled into
 his mind in regard to his child's      
conduct--the doubts which had been      
produced of her frankness and           
candor--the fact before his eyes1 that  
she loved another better1 far better1   
than himself1 with a kind word1 now and 
then1 from ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 spoken to   
drive the dart deeper into his heart1   
had rendered him somewhat morose and    
gloomy1--apt to take a bad view of other
 people's actions1 and to judge less    
fairly than he always wished to judge4  

,when ,marlow hastened away from him to 
rejoin ,emily1 and paint1 with her1 in  
all the brightest colors of imagination1
 a picture of the glowing future1 her   
father would walk solitary and          
thoughtful1 giving himself up to dark   
and unprofitable reveries4  ,mrs4       
,hastings in the mean time would take   
counsel with ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 and they  
would settle between them that the      
father was already dissatisfied with the
 engagement he had aided to bring about1
 and that a little persevering          
opposition on the part of the mother1   
would ultimately bring that engagement  
to an end4  ,mrs4 ,hastings1 too1       
thought--or rather seemed to feel1 for  
she did not reduce it to thought--that  
she had now a greater right to exercise 
some authority in regard to her         
daughter's marriage1 as ,emily's whole  
fortune must proceed from her own       
property4 ,she ventured to oppose more  
boldly1 and to express her opinion      
against the marriage1 both to her       

husband and her child4 ,it was against  
the advice of ,mrs4 ,hazleton that she  
did so2 for that lady knew ,mr4         
,hastings far better than his own wife  
knew him2 and while ,emily's cheek      
burned1 and her eye swam in tears1 ,mr4 
,hastings replied in so stern and bitter
 a tone that ,mrs4 ,hastings shrunk back
 alarmed at what she herself had done4  
,but the word had been spoken3 the truth
 revealed4 ,both ,mr4 ,hastings and     
,emily were thenceforth aware that she  
wished the engagement between her       
daughter and ,marlow broken off--she was
 opposed to the marriage2 and would     
oppose it4  ,the effect of this         
revelation of her views upon her child  
and her husband1 was very different4    
,emily had colored with surprise and    
grief--not1 as her father thought1 with 
anger2 and she resolved thenceforth to  
endeavor to soften her mother's feelings
 towards him she loved1 and to win her  
consent to that upon which all her own  
happiness depended2 but in which her own

 happiness could not be complete without
 a mother's approbation4  ,mr4          
,hastings1 on the contrary1 entertained 
no expectation that his wife would ever 
change her views1 even if she changed   
her course4 ,some knowledge--some       
comprehension of her character had been 
forced upon him during the many years of
 their union2 and he believed that1 if  
all open remonstrance1 and declared     
opposition had been crushed by his sharp
 and resolute answer1 there would       
nevertheless be continual or ever       
recurring efforts on ,mrs4 ,hastings'   
part1 to have her own way1 and thwart   
both his purposes and ,emily's          
affection4 ,he prepared to encounter    
that sort of irritating guerrilla       
warfare of last words1 and sneers1 and  
innuendoes1 by which a wife sometimes   
endeavors to overcome a husband's       
resolutions2 and he hardened himself to 
resist4 ,he knew that she could not     
conquer in the strife2 but he determined
 to put an end to the warfare1 either by

 some decided expression of his anger at
 such proceedings1 or by uniting ,emily 
to ,marlow1 much sooner than he had at  
first proposed4  ,the latter seemed the 
easiest method1 and there was a great   
chance of the marriage1 which it had    
been agreed should be delayed till      
,emily was nineteen1 taking place much  
earlier1 when events occurred which     
produced even a longer delay4  ,one of  
the first steps taken by ,mr4 ,hastings 
to show his wife that her unreasonable  
opposition would have no effect upon    
him1 was not only to remove the         
prohibition of those lovers' rambles    
which ,mrs4 ,hastings had forbidden1 but
 to send his daughter and her promised  
husband forth together on any pretext   
that presented itself4 ,he took the     
opportunity of doing so1 first1 when his
 wife was present1 and on the impulse of
 the moment1 she ventured to object4    
,one look--one word from her husband1   
however1 silenced her2 for they were a  
look and word too stern to be trifled   

with1 and ,emily went to dress for her  
walk2 but she went with the tears in her
 eyes4 ,she was grieved to find that all
 that appertained to her happiness was  
likely to become a cause of dissension  
between her father and her mother4 ,had 
,marlow not been concerned--had his     
happiness not been also at stake--she   
would have sacrificed any thing--every  
thing--to avoid such a result2 but she  
felt she had no right to yield to       
caprice1 where he was to suffer as well 
as herself4  ,the walk took place1 and  
it might have been very sweet to both1  
had not the scene which had immediately 
preceded poured a drop of bitterness    
into their little cup of joy4 ,such     
walks were often renewed during the     
month that followed2 but ,emily was not 
so happy as she might have been2 for she
 saw that her father assumed a sterner1 
colder tone towards his wife1 and       
believed that she might be the unwilling
 cause of this painful alienation4 ,she 
knew not that it proceeded partly from  

another source--that ,mr4 ,hastings had 
discovered1 or divined1 that his wife   
had some feeling of increased power and 
authority from the fact of his having   
lost his large estates1 and of her      
property being all that remained to them
 both4  ,poor ,emily6 ,marlow's love1   
that dream of joy1 seemed destined to   
produce1 for a time at least1 nothing   
but grief and anxiety4 ,her reveries    
became more frequent1 and more deep1 and
 though her lover could call her from   
them in a moment1 no one else had the   
power4  ,one day1 ,marlow and his       
,emily--for whom every day his love     
increased2 for he knew and comprehended 
her perfectly1 and he was the only      
one--had enjoyed a more happy and       
peaceful ramble than usual1 through     
green lanes1 and up the hill1 and amidst
 the bright scenery which lay on the    
confines of the two counties1 and they  
returned slowly towards the house1 not  
anticipating much comfort there4 ,as    
they approached1 they saw from the road 

a carriage standing before the door1    
dusty1 as if from a long journey1 but   
with the horses still attached4 ,there  
were three men1 too1 with the carriage1 
besides the driver1 and they were       
walking their horses up and down the    
terrace1 as if their stay was to be but 
short4 ,it was an unusual number of     
attendants1 even in those days1 to      
accompany a carriage in the country1    
except upon some visit of great         
ceremony2 and the vehicle itself--a     
large1 old1 rumbling coach1 which had   
seen better days--gave no indication of 
any great state or dignity on the part  
of its owner4  ,why1 she knew not1 but a
 feeling of fear1 or at least anxiety1  
came over ,emily as she gazed1 and      
turning to ,marlow1 she said1 ,who can  
these visitors be8  ,i know not1 indeed1
 dear love1 he answered1 but the        
equipage is somewhat strange4 ,were we  
in ,france1 he added1 with a laugh1 ,i  
should think it belonged to an exempt1  
bearing a lettre de cachet4  ,emily     

smiled also1 for the idea of her father 
having incurred the anger of any        
government or violated any law seemed to
 her quite out of the question4  ,when  
they approached the door1 however1 they 
were met by a servant1 with a grave and 
anxious countenance1 who told her that  
her father wished to see her immediately
 in the dining hull4  ,is there any one 
with him8 asked ,emily1 in some         
surprise4  ,yes1 ,mistress ,emily1      
replied the man1 there is a strange     
gentleman with him4 ,but you had better 
go in at once2 for ,i am afraid things  
are not going well4  ,marlow drew her   
arm through his1 and pressed it gently  
to make her feel support2 and then went 
into the eating-room1 as it was usually 
called1 by her side4  ,when they entered
 they found the scene a strange and     
painful one4 ,mr4 ,hastings was seated  
near a window1 with his hat on1 and his 
cloak cast down on a chair beside him4  
,his wife was placed near him1 weeping  
bitterly2 and at the large table in the 

middle of the room was a coarse-looking 
man1 in the garb of a gentleman1 but    
with no other indication but that of    
dress of belonging to a superior class4 
,he was very corpulent1 and his face1   
though shadowed by an enormous wig1 was 
large and bloated4 ,there was food and  
wine before him1 and to both he seemed  
to be doing ample justice1 without      
taking any notice of the master of the  
house or his weeping lady4  ,mr4        
,hastings1 however1 rose and advanced   
towards his daughter1 as soon as she    
entered1 and in an instant the eye of   
the gormandizing guest was raised from  
his plate and turned towards the party1 
with a look of eager suspicion4  ,oh1 my
 dear father1 what is this8 exclaimed   
,emily1 running towards him4  ,one of   
those accidents of life1 my child1      
replied ,mr4 ,hastings1 from which ,i   
had hoped to be exempt--most foolishly4 
,but it seems1 he continued1 no conduct1
 however reserved1 can shield one from  
the unjust suspicions of princes and    

governments4  ,very good cause for      
suspicion1 sir1 said the man at the     
table1 quaffing a large glass of wine4  
,mr4 ,secretary would not have signed a 
warrant without strong evidence4 ,vernon
 is a cautious man1 sir1 a very cautious
 man4  ,and who is this person8 asked   
,marlow1 pointing to the personage who  
spoke4  ,a messenger of the powers that 
be1 replied ,mr4 ,hastings2 it seems    
that because ,sir ,john ,fenwick dined  
here a short time ago1 and has since    
been accused of some practices against  
the state1 his ,majesty's advisers have 
thought fit to connect me with his      
doings1 or their own suspicions1 though 
they might as well have sent down to    
arrest my butler or my footman1 and ,i  
am now to have the benefit of a journey 
to the ,tower of ,london under arrest4  
,or to ,newgate1 said the messenger1    
significantly4  ,to ,london1 at all     
events1 replied ,mr4 ,hastings4  ,i will
 go with you1 said ,marlow1 at once2 but
 before the prisoner could answer1 the  

messenger interfered1 saying1 ,that ,i  
cannot allow4  ,i am afraid you must    
allow it1 replied ,marlow1 whether it   
pleases you or not4  ,i will have no one
 in the carriage with my prisoner1 said 
the messenger1 striking the table gently
 with the haft of his knife4  ,that may 
be1 answered ,marlow2 but you will not1 
,i presume1 pretend to prevent my going 
where ,i please in my own carriage2 and 
when once in ,london1 ,i shall find no  
difficulty1 knowing ,mr4 ,vernon well4  
,the latter announcement made a great   
change in the messenger's demeanor1 and 
he became much more tame and docile from
 the moment it struck his ear4  ,mr4    
,hastings indeed would fain have        
persuaded his young friend to remain    
where he was1 and looked at ,emily with 
some of that tenderer feeling of a      
parent which so often prompts to every  
sacrifice for a child's sake4 ,but      
,emily thanked ,marlow eagerly for      
proposing to go2 and ,mrs4 ,hastings1   
even1 expressed some gratitude4  ,the   

arrangements were soon made4 ,there     
being no time to send for ,marlow's own 
carriage and horses1 it was agreed that 
he should take a carriage belonging to  
,mr4 ,hastings1 with his horses1 for the
 first stage2 the prisoner's valet was  
to accompany his friend1 and immediate  
orders were given for the necessary     
preparations4  ,when all was ready1     
,emily asked some question of her       
father1 in a low tone1 to which he      
replied1 ,on no account1 my child4 ,i   
will send for you and your mother should
 need be2 but do not stir before ,i do4 
,this is a mere cloud--a passing shower1
 which will soon be gone1 and leave the 
sky as bright as ever4 ,we do not live  
in an age when kings of ,england can    
play at foot-ball with the heads of     
innocent men1 and ,i1 as you all know1  
am innocent4  ,he then embraced his wife
 and child with more tenderness than he 
was wont to show1 and entering the      
carriage first1 was followed by the     
messenger4 ,the other men mounted their 

horses1 and ,marlow did not linger long 
behind the sad cavalcade4   ,,chapter   
,,xxix4  ,philip ,hastings had          
calculated much upon his ,roman         
firmness2 and he could have borne death1
 or any great and sudden calamity1 with 
fortitude2 but small evils often affect 
us more than great ones4 ,he knew not   
what it is to suffer long imprisonment1 
to undergo the wearing1 grinding process
 of life within a prison's walls4 ,he   
knew not the effect of long suspense    
either1 of the fretful impatience for   
some turn in our fate1 of the dull      
monotony of long continued expectation  
and protracted disappointment1 of the   
creeping on of leaden despair1 which    
craves nothing in the end but some      
change1 be it for better or for worse4  
,they took him to ,newgate--the prison  
of common felons1 and there1 in a small 
room1 strictly guarded1 he remained for 
more than two months4 ,at first he would
 send for no lawyer1 for he fancied that
 there must either be some error on the 

part of the government1 or that the     
suspicion against him must be so slight 
as to be easily removable4 ,but day went
 by on day1 and hour followed hour1     
without any appearance of a change in   
his fate4 ,there came a great           
alteration1 however1 in his character4  
,he became morose1 gloomy1 irritable4   
,every dark point in his own fate and   
history--every painful event which had  
occurred for many years--every doubt or 
suspicion which had spread gloom and    
anxiety through his mind1 was now       
magnified a thousand-fold by long1      
brooding1 solitary meditation4 ,he      
pondered such things daily1 hourly1 in  
the broad day1 in the dead1 still night1
 when want of exercise deprived him of  
sleep1 till his brain seemed to turn1   
and his whole heart was filled with     
stern bitterness4  ,marlow1 who visited 
him every day by permission of the      
,secretary of ,state1 found him each day
 much changed1 both in appearance and   
manner2 and even his conversation gave  

but small relief4 ,he heard with small  
emotion the news of the day1 or of his  
own family4 ,he read the letters of his 
wife and daughter coldly4 ,he heard even
 the intelligence that ,sir ,john       
,fenwick was condemned for high treason1
 and to die on a scaffold1 without any  
appearance of interest4 ,he remained    
self-involved and thoughtful4  ,at      
length1 after a long interval--for the  
government was undecided how to proceed 
in his and several other cases connected
 with that famous conspiracy--a day was 
appointed for his first examination by  
the ,secretary of ,state2 for matters   
were then conducted in a very different 
manner from that in which they are      
treated at present2 and he was carried  
under guard to ,whitehall4  ,vernon was 
a calm and not unamiable man2 and       
treating the prisoner with unaffected   
gentleness1 he told him that the        
government was very anxious to avoid the
 effusion of any more blood1 and        
expressed a hope that ,mr4 ,hastings    

would afford such explanations of his   
conduct as would save the pain of       
proceeding against him4 ,he did not wish
 by any means1 he said1 to induce him to
 criminate himself2 but merely to give  
such explanations as he might think fit4
  ,philip ,hastings replied1 with stern 
bitterness1 that before he could give   
any explanations1 he must learn what    
there was in his conduct to explain4 ,it
 has ever been open1 plain1 and         
straightforward1 he said4 ,i have taken 
no part in conspiracies1 very little    
part in politics4 ,i have nothing to    
fear from any thing ,i myself can utter2
 for ,i have nothing to conceal4 ,tell  
me what is the charge against me1 and ,i
 will answer it boldly4 ,ask what       
questions you please2 and ,i will reply 
at once to those to which ,i can find a 
reply in my own knowledge4  ,i thought  
the nature of the charge had been made  
fully known to you1 replied ,vernon4    
,however1 it is soon stated4 ,you are   
charged1 ,mr4 ,hastings1 with having    

taken a most decided part in the        
criminal designs1 if not in the criminal
 acts1 of that unfortunate man ,sir     
,john ,fenwick4 ,nay1 of having first   
suggested to him the darkest of all his 
designs1 namely1 the assassination of   
his ,majesty4  ,i suggest the           
assassination of the ,king6 exclaimed   
,mr4 ,hastings4 ,i propose such an act6 
,sir1 the charge is ridiculous4 ,has not
 the only share ,i ever took in politics
 been to aid in placing ,king ,william  
upon the throne1 and consistently to    
support his government since8 ,what the 
ministers of the crown can seek by      
bringing such a charge against me1 ,i   
know not2 but it is evidently           
fictitious1 and of course has an object4
  ,vernon's cheek grew somewhat red1 and
 he replied warmly1 ,that is an         
over-bold assertion1 sir4 ,but ,i will  
soon satisfy you that it is unjust1 and 
that the crown has not acted without    
cause4 ,allow me1 then1 to tell you1    
that no sooner had the conspiracy of    

,sir ,john ,fenwick been detected1 and  
his apprehension been made known1 than  
information was privately given--from   
your own part of the country--to the    
following effect2 and he proceeded to   
read from a paper1 which had evidently  
been folded in the form of a letter1 the
 ensuing words3 ,that on the ---- day of
 ,may last1 when walking in the gardens 
of his own house1 called ',the ,court1' 
he--that is yourself1 sir--used the     
following language to ,sir ,john        
,fenwick3 ',when no other means can be  
found of obtaining justice1 freedom1 and
 security1 ,i see no reason why a king  
should not be put to death as well as   
any other man4 ,he who does the deed    
merits a monument rather than a gibbet4'
 ,such was the information1 sir1 on     
which government first acted in causing 
your apprehension4  ,the ,secretary     
paused1 and for a few moments ,mr4      
,hastings remained gazing down in       
silence1 like a man utterly confounded4 
,vernon thought he had touched him home2

 but the emotions in the prisoner's     
bosom1 though very violent1 were very   
different from those which the          
,secretary attributed to him4 ,he       
remembered the conversation well1 but he
 remembered also that the only one who1 
besides ,sir ,john ,fenwick1 was with   
him at the moment1 was his own child4 ,i
 will not dwell upon his feelings1 but  
they absorbed him entirely1 till the    
,secretary went on1 saying--,not        
satisfied with such slender information1
 ,mr4 ,hastings1 the government caused  
that unhappy criminal1 ,sir ,john       
,fenwick1 to be asked1 after his fate   
was fixed1 if he recollected your having
 used those words to him1 and he        
replied1 'something very like them4'    
,and ,i reply the same1 exclaimed       
,philip ,hastings1 sternly4 ,i did use  
those words1 or words very like them4   
,but1 sir1 they were in connection with 
others1 which1 had they been repeated   
likewise1 would have taken all criminal 
application from them4 ,may ,i be       

permitted to look at that letter in your
 hand1 to see how much was really told1 
how much suppressed8  ,i have read it   
all to you1 said ,mr4 ,vernon1 but you  
may look at it if you please1 and he    
handed it to him across the table4      
,philip ,hastings spread it out before  
him1 trembling violently1 and then drew 
another letter from his pocket1 and laid
 them side by side4 ,he ran his eye from
 one to the other for a moment or two1  
and then sunk slowly down1 fainting upon
 the floor4  ,while a turnkey and one of
 the messengers raised him1 and some    
efforts were made to bring him back to  
consciousness1 ,mr4 ,vernon walked round
 the table and looked at the two letters
 which were still lying on it4 ,he      
compared them eagerly1 anxiously4 ,the  
handwriting of the one was very similar 
to that of the other1 and in the        
beginning of that which ,mr4 ,hastings  
had taken from his pocket1 the          
,secretary found the words1 ,my dear    
father4 ,it was signed1 ,emily          

,hastings2 and ,vernon instantly        
comprehended the nature of the terrible 
emotion he had witnessed4  ,he was      
really1 as ,i have said1 a kind and     
humane man1 and he felt very much for   
the prisoner1 who was speedily brought  
to himself again1 and seated in a chair 
before the table4  ,perhaps1 ,mr4       
,hastings1 said ,vernon1 we had better  
not protract this conversation to-day4  
,i will see you again to-morrow1 at this
 hour1 if you would prefer that         
arrangement4  ,not at all1 sir1 answered
 the prisoner1 ,i will answer now1 for  
though the body be weak1 the spirit is  
strong4 ,remember1 however1 that ,i am  
not pleading for life4 ,life is         
valueless to me4 ,the block and axe     
would be a relief4 ,i am only pleading  
to prevent my own character from being  
stained1 and to frustrate this horrible 
design4 ,i used the words imputed to me2
 but if ,i recollect right1 with several
 qualifications1 even in the sentence   
which has been extracted4 ,but before   

that1 many other words had passed which 
entirely altered the whole bearing of   
the question4 ,the conversation began   
about the regicides of the great        
rebellion1 and although my father was of
 the party in arms against the ,king1 ,i
 expressed my unqualified disapprobation
 of their conduct in putting their      
sovereign to death4 ,i then approached  
as a mere matter of abstract reasoning1 
in which1 perhaps1 ,i am too apt to     
indulge1 the subject of man's right to  
resist by any means an unendurable      
tyranny1 and ,i quoted the example of   
,brutus and ,william ,tell2 and it was  
in the course of these abstract remarks1
 that ,i used the words which have been 
cited4 ,i give you my word1 however1 and
 pledge my honor1 that ,i entertained no
 thought1 and had no cause whatever to  
believe that ,sir ,john ,fenwick who was
 dining with me as an old acquaintance1 
entertained hostile designs against the 
government of his native land4  ,your   
admitted opinions1 ,mr4 ,hastings1 said 

,vernon1 seem to me to be very dangerous
 ones4  ,that may be1 replied the       
prisoner1 but in this country at least1 
sir1 you cannot kill a man for opinions4
  ,no2 but those opinions1 expressed in 
conversation with others who proceed to 
acts1 replied ,vernon1 place a man in a 
very dangerous position1 ,mr4 ,hastings4
 ,i will not conceal from you that you  
are in some peril2 but at the same time 
,i am inclined to think that the        
evidence1 without your admissions this  
day1 might prove insufficient1 and it is
 not my intention to take advantage of  
any thing you have said4 ,i shall report
 to his ,majesty accordingly2 but the   
proceedings of the government will be   
guided by the opinion of the law        
officers of the crown1 and not by mine4 
,i therefore can assure you of nothing  
except my sincere grief at the situation
 in which you are placed4  ,i little    
heed the result of your report1 sir1    
replied ,mr4 ,hastings2 life1 ,i say1 is
 valueless to me1 and if ,i am brought  

to trial for words very innocently      
spoken1 ,i shall only make the same     
defence ,i have done this day1 and ,i   
shall call no witness2 the only witness 
of the whole1 he added with stern1      
concentrated bitterness1 is probably on 
the side of the crown4  ,mr4 ,hastings  
was then removed to ,newgate1 leaving   
the two letters on the table behind him1
 and as soon as he was gone1 ,mr4       
,vernon sent a messenger to an inn near 
,charing ,cross1 to say he should be    
glad to speak for a few moments with    
,mr4 ,marlow4 ,in about half an hour    
,marlow was there1 and was received by  
,vernon as an old acquaintance4 ,the    
door was immediately closed1 and ,marlow
 seated himself near the table1 turning 
his eyes away1 however1 as an honorable 
man from the papers which lay on it4  ,i
 have had an interview with your friend1
 ,mr4 ,marlow1 said the ,secretary1 and 
the scene has been a very painful one4  
,mr4 ,hastings has been more affected   
than ,i expected1 and actually fainted4 

,marlow's face expressed unutterable    
astonishment1 for the idea of ,philip   
,hastings fainting under any            
apprehension whatever1 could never enter
 into the mind of any one who knew him4 
,good ,god6 he exclaimed1 what could be 
the cause of that8 ,not fear1 ,i am     
sure4  ,something more painful than even
 fear1 ,i believe1 replied ,mr4 ,vernon2
 ,mr4 ,hastings has a daughter1 ,i      
believe8  ,yes1 sir1 he has1 replied    
,marlow1 somewhat stiffly4  ,do you know
 her handwriting8 asked the ,secretary4 
,yes1 perfectly well1 answered ,marlow4 
,then be so good as to take up that     
letter next you1 said ,vernon1 and tell 
me if it is in her hand4  ,marlow took  
up the paper1 glanced at it1 and at once
 said1 ,yes2 but the next instant he    
corrected himself1 saying1 ,no1 no--it  
is very like ,emily's hand--very1 very  
like2 but more constrained4  ,may not   
that proceed from an attempt to disguise
 her hand8 asked ,vernon4  ,or from an  
attempt on the part of some other to    

imitate it1 rejoined ,marlow2 but this  
is very strange1 ,mr4 ,vernon2 may ,i   
read this through8  ,certainly1 replied 
the ,secretary1 and ,marlow read every  
word three or four times over with eager
 attention4 ,they seemed to affect him  
very much1 for notwithstanding the      
,secretary's presence1 he started up and
 paced the room for a minute or two in  
thought4  ,i must unravel this dark     
mystery1 he said at length4 ,mr4        
,vernon1 there have been strange things 
taking place lately in the family of    
,mr4 ,hastings4 ,things which have      
created in my mind a suspicion that some
 secret and external agency is at work  
to destroy his peace as well as to ruin 
his happiness1 and still more1 ,i fear1 
to ruin the happiness of his daughter4  
,this letter is but one link in a long  
chain of suspicious facts1 and ,i am    
resolved to sift the whole matter to the
 bottom4 ,the time allowed me to do so1 
must depend upon the course you         
determine to pursue towards ,mr4        

,hastings4 ,if you resolve to proceed   
against him ,i must lose no             
time--although ,i think ,i need hardly  
say1 there is small chance of your      
success upon such evidence as this2 and 
he struck the letter with his fingers4  
,we have more evidence1 such as it is1  
replied ,vernon1 and he himself admits  
having used those words4  ,marlow paused
 thoughtfully1 and then replied1 ,he may
 have used them--he is very likely to   
have used them2 but it must have been   
quite abstractedly1 and with no         
reference to any existing circumstance4 
,i remember the occasion on which ,sir  
,john ,fenwick dined with him1          
perfectly4 ,i was there myself4 ,now let
 me see if ,i can recall all the facts4 
,yes1 ,i can1 distinctly4 ,during the   
whole of dinner--during the short time  
we sat after dinner1 those words were   
never used2 nor were conspiracies and   
treason ever thought of4 ,i remember1   
too1 from a particular circumstance1    
that when we went out into the gardens  

,mr4 ,hastings took his daughter's arm1 
and walked up and down the terrace with 
,sir ,john ,fenwick at his side4 ,that  
must have been the moment4 ,but ,i need 
hardly point out to you1 ,mr4 ,vernon1  
that such was not a time when any man in
 his senses1 and especially a shrewd1   
cunning1 timid man1 like ,sir ,john     
,fenwick1 would have chosen for the     
development of treasonable designs4     
,were any other persons near8 asked     
,vernon2 the young lady might have been 
in the conspiracy as well as her father4
  ,marlow laughed4 ,there were a dozen  
near1 he answered2 they were subject to 
interruption at any moment--nay1 they   
could not have gone on for three        
minutes2 for that pace of time did not  
elapse after the gentlemen entered the  
garden where the ladies were1 before ,i 
was at ,emily's side1 and not one word  
of this kind was spoken afterwards4     
,then what could have induced her to    
report those words to the government8   
asked ,mr4 ,vernon4  ,she never did so1 

replied ,marlow1 earnestly2 this is not 
her handwriting1 though the imitation is
 very good--and now1 sir1 he continued1 
if it be proper1 will you explain to me 
what course you intend to pursue1 that  
,i may act accordingly8 ,for as ,i      
before said1 ,i am resolved to search   
this mystery out into its darkest       
recesses4 ,it has gone on too long      
already4  ,vernon smiled4 ,you are      
asking a good deal1 he said1 but yet my 
views are so strong upon the subject1   
that ,i think ,i may venture to state   
them1 even if the case against ,mr4     
,hastings should be carried a step or   
two farther--which might be better1 in  
order to insure his not being troubled  
on an after occasion4 ,i shall strongly 
advise that a nolle prosequi be entered1
 and ,i think ,i may add that my advice 
will be taken4  ,you think ,i have asked
 much already1 ,mr4 ,vernon1 said       
,marlow1 but ,i am now going to ask     
more4 ,will you allow me to have this   
letter8 ,i give you my word of honor    

that it shall only be used for the      
purposes of justice4 ,you have known me 
from my boyhood1 my dear sir2 you can   
trust me4  ,perfectly1 my young friend1 
replied ,vernon1 but you must not take  
the letter to-day4 ,in two days the     
action of the government will be        
determined1 and if it be such as ,i     
anticipate you shall have the paper1 and
 ,i trust it will lead to some discovery
 of the motives and circumstances of    
this strange transaction4 ,most         
mysterious it certainly is2 for one can 
hardly suppose any one but a fiend thus 
seeking to bring a father's life into   
peril4  ,a fiend6 exclaimed ,marlow1    
with a scoff1 much more like an angel1  
my dear sir4  ,you seem to think so1    
said ,vernon1 smiling1 and ,i trust1    
though love is blind1 he may have left  
you clear-sighted in this instance4  ,i 
think he has1 answered ,marlow1 and as  
this young lady's fate is soon to be    
united to mine1 it is very necessary ,i 
should see clearly4 ,i entertain no     

doubt1 indeed1 and ,i say boldly1 that  
,emily never wrote this letter4 ,it will
 give me1 however1 a clue which perhaps 
may lead me to the end of the labyrinth1
 though as yet ,i hardly see my way4    
,but a strong resolution often does     
much4  ,might it not be better for you1 
asked ,vernon1 to express your doubts in
 regard to this letter to ,mr4 ,hastings
 himself8 ,he was terribly affected1 as 
well he might be1 when he saw this      
document1 and believed it to be his own 
child's writing4  ,marlow mused for some
 time ere he replied4 ,i think not1 he  
answered at length2 he is a man of      
peculiar disposition2 stern1 somewhat   
gloomy1 but honorable1 upright1 and     
candid4 ,now what ,i am going to say may
 make me appear as stern as himself1 but
 if he is suffering from doubts of that 
dear girl1 knowing her as well as he    
does1 he is suffering from his own      
fault1 and deserves it4 ,however1 my    
object is not to punish him1 but        
thoroughly1 completely1 and for ever to 

open his eyes1 and to show him so       
strongly that he has done his child     
injustice1 as to prevent his ever doing 
the like again4 ,this can only be done  
by bringing all the proofs upon him at  
once1 and my task is now to gather them 
together4 ,to my mere opinion regarding 
the handwriting1 he would not give the  
slightest heed1 but he will not shut his
 eyes to proofs4 ,may ,i calculate upon 
having the letter in two days8  ,i think
 you may1 replied ,vernon4  ,then when  
will ,mr4 ,hastings be set free8 asked  
,marlow2 ,i should wish to have some    
start of him into the country4  ,that   
will depend upon various circumstances1 
replied the ,secretary2 ,i think we     
shall take some steps towards the trial 
before we enter the nolle prosequi4 ,it 
is necessary to check in some way the   
expression of such very dangerous       
opinions as he entertains4  ,marlow made
 no reply but by a smile1 and they soon 
after parted4         99       99       
99       99       99  ,one of the       

writers upon ,german politics reproduces
 the story of the ,englishman1          
,frenchman1 and ,german1 who were       
required by some unknown power to draw a
 sketch of a camel4 ,the ,frenchman hied
 him to the ,jardin des ,plantes1 and   
came back with his sketch in no time4   
,the more conscientious ,briton at once 
took ship for the ,east1 and returned   
with his drawing from the life of       
nature4 ,but the ,german went to the    
library of the prince of his country to 
ascertain what a camel was4 ,he lived to
 a great age1 with the reputation of    
being very learned1 and a little crazed 
with the depth of his researches1 and on
 his death-bed told his physician in    
confidence that he did not believe there
 was such an animal at all6             
,,footnotes3  #c ,entered according to  
,act of ,congress1 in the year #ahej1 by
 ,g4 ,p4 ,r4 ,james1 in the ,clerk's    
,office of the ,district ,court of the  
,united ,states for the ,southern       
,district of ,new-,york4     ,,the      

,,count ,,monte-,,leone3 ,,or1 ,,the    
,,spy ,,in ,,society4#d  ,,translated   
,,for ,,the ,,international ,,monthly   
,,magazine ,,from ,,the ,,french ,,of   
,h4 ,,de ,,st4 ,,georges4  ,continued   
from page #baa   ,,viii4--,,the ,,four  
,,pulcinelli4  ,doctor ,matheus1 as the 
reader must have guessed from the       
previous chapter1 was ,freiderick von   
,apsberg1 one of the four ,pulcinelli of
 the ball of ,san ,carlo1 the young     
,german who was the son of the venerable
 pastor of the city of ,ellogen1 in     
,bohemia4  ,freiderick von ,apsberg had 
been educated in one of the most        
celebrated universities of ,germany1    
that of ,leipsic1--where he had imbibed 
that very social contagion1 a passion   
for detestable demagogic fancies1 with  
which all those scientific lazaretti of 
,germany were filled4 ,the dreamy and   
often poetic forms in which those ideas 
were enunciated1 easily touched the     
heart of that long peaceable nation1 and
 opened to it a field of mad and        

resistless hopes which could not but    
plunge it into that abyss of disorder1  
trouble1 and crime1 in which it has been
 recently seen sweltering4  ,freiderick1
 not thinking his country yet prepared  
for the propagation of his principles1  
sought for an echo among other ,european
 nations4 ,the rising ,carbonarism of   
,italy opened its arms to him1 and      
received him as one of its future       
supporters4 ,there he had become        
acquainted with ,monte-,leone1 and      
participated in the religion of which he
 was the high priest4 ,on his return to 
,germany1 after his expulsion from      
,italy1 he had discovered that the work 
had advanced during his absence1 that   
the myth had been personified1 and that 
the seed had germinated4 ,germany1      
especially the poor of ,germany1 began  
to be deeply agitated2 the ,carbonaro   
made many proselytes1 and won many new  
members to the association4 ,the death  
of his father having endowed him with   
some fortune1 he completed his studies1 

and became one of the most fervent      
apostles of that mysterious science of  
which he spoke to the ,duke d',harcourt2
 but1 being made uncomfortable by the   
,german police1 he left his country1    
after having established a connection   
with the ,vente which had been formed   
there4 ,he then came to ,france1 where  
we find him under the name of ,doctor   
,matheus1 and living in the awful ,no4  
#ac of ,babylonne street2--his house was
 the rendezvous of the principal members
 of the ,vente of ,paris1 where his     
profession amply accounted for the many 
visitors he received4 ,his three        
friends1 however1 fearing that their    
frequent visits would be remarked1 often
 had recourse to disguises4 ,thus it is 
that we saw the ,englishman1 the        
,auvergnot1 and the peasant1 so         
cavalierly treated by ,mlle ,crepineau4 
,this is the hour of consultation1 my   
dear ,doctor1 said the ,viscount to ,von
 ,apsberg2 where are the patients8 ,in a
 serious tone the latter replied1 ,in   

,france1 ,italy1 ,germany1 and all the  
continent4--,their disease is a painful 
oppression1 an extreme lassitude in     
every member of the social body1 a slow 
fever1 and general feeling of           
indisposition4  ,what physician will    
cure so many diseases8 asked the        
,viscount4  ,carbonarism6  ,are you sure
 of this8 asked d',harcourt1 who1       
probably for the first time in his life1
 said any thing reasonable4 ,this was a 
doubt1 almost a defection to that cause 
into which his generous and enthusiastic
 nature had cast him4 ,rene d',harcourt 
had originally formed but a passing     
intimacy with ,monte-,leone1 the object 
of which was pleasure alone4 ,the       
latter1 however1 soon discovered his    
friend's courage and truth1 and         
ultimately initiated him in all his     
political mysteries and dreams4         
,d',harcourt1 attracted by the occult   
power exerted by the ,count over his    
associates1 and led astray to a degree  
by his specious theories in relation to 

national happiness1 which ,monte-,leone 
knew how to dress so well in the most   
energetic language1 was carried away by 
the temptation of becoming a political  
personage2 perhaps1 also1 as la ,felina 
said at the ,etruscan villa1 not a      
little under the influence of idleness1 
and the wish to be able to tell wonders 
of himself1 joined in all these plots4  
,he had become affiliated to the society
 of which ,monte-,leone was the chief1  
and when he was expelled from ,italy1   
represented himself to his particular   
friends as a martyr of political faith3 
he had1 by the by1 a very faint         
confidence in it1 and cared very little 
about it2 and this1 even1 was insensibly
 lessened when1 on his return to ,france
 and his family1 he saw the high        
distinction which his father enjoyed1   
and was aware that by rank and birth he 
would one day be called on to play a    
conspicuous part in the history of his  
country4 ,he could not understand1      
therefore1 how this country could demand

 a general convulsion to obtain a       
hypothetical better1 in place of a      
positive good4  ,this1 as we have said1 
was the state of his mind1 when         
,monte-,leone1 ,taddeo1 and ,frederick  
returned to ,paris4 ,they talked to him 
of his oaths1 of the pledge they had    
taken1 of his position as a             
,carbonaro1--to which he would make no  
reply4 ,the ,viscount a second time     
falling under the influence of          
,monte-,leone1 captivated again by the  
charms of friendship1 and the glory of  
being the regenerator of his country1   
fancied himself also bound by his honor 
to pursue the path on which he had      
entered4 ,he therefore resumed his old  
chains1 and became the ,,seide of a     
cause to which he was attracted neither 
by sympathy nor by reason4  ,the phrase 
which had escaped from the lips1 or     
rather the good sense of the young man1 
sounded to ,monte-,leone like a false   
note in a chorus4 ,he said1 ,rene1 ,god 
forbid that we should seek to link you  

to our fate if you do not believe in our
 cause4 ,remain inactive in the strife  
about to ensue2 your honor will be a    
sufficient pledge for your silence in   
relation to our secrets4 ,henceforth be 
a brother to us only in love4 ,von      
,apsberg1 the grand archivest of the    
association1 will efface your name from 
our list2 and whatever misfortune befall
 us1 ,i shall at least have the         
satisfaction of knowing that you were   
not involved in our ruin4  ,this offer1 
instead of being received by ,rene      
d',harcourt1 increased his zeal1 which  
otherwise would have died away4  ,leave 
you8 said he1--abandon you1 when the    
hour of danger has come8--desert the    
field of battle when the combat is about
 to begin8 ,my friendship1 my courage1  
and my honor1 all forbid me to do so4   
,the four friends clasped their hands1  
and ,monte-,leone said1--,now listen to 
me1 for time is precious4 ,the ,vente of
 the kingdom of ,naples1 and those of   
all ,italy1 of which ,i refuse to be any

 longer the chief1 do not on that       
account distrust me1 but have just given
 me a striking proof of their           
confidence4 ,it is so great that ,i     
hesitate even to accept it4  ,speak1    
said all the friends at once4  ,i have  
received this letter1 said              
,monte-,leone4  ,the delegates of all   
the ,italian ,vente1 relying on the     
prudence1 valor1 and judgment of ,count 
,monte-,leone1 refer to him the decision
 of the time when1 and the manner in    
which1 it is proper for them to manifest
 their principles4 ,count ,monte-,leone 
is requested to open a communication    
with the ,vente of ,france1 that there  
may be a simultaneous movement with     
those of ,italy4  ,thus1 said the       
,count1 in accepting this mission1 ,i   
become the god1 the sovereign arbiter of
 this immense work1 and have its fate in
 my hands4  ,von ,apsberg said1 you have
 that of ,italy and ,germany--for the   
,vente of my country will act when ,i   
speak1 or rather when you do4  ,an      

expression of pride flashed across      
,monte-,leone's face4 ,he had evidently 
been mortified at not becoming supreme  
director1 yet the staff of command was  
again placed in his grasp4 ,it was not  
now1 though1 to confer the command of a 
single country1 but1 to use his own     
words1 he became the all-powerful       
controller of ,europe1 and1 in his      
opinion1 the hope of the universe4 ,this
 strange man1 made up of greatness and  
littleness1 like all the political      
idealists who erect altars to the       
creatures of their dreams1 and          
ignorantly make a sacrifice of logic1   
good sense and reason--this man who     
sighed for universal liberty1 was       
delighted at the prospect of great1     
despotic1 and aristocratic power1 to be 
exerted by his will alone in three great
 countries4 ,the ,count then yielded    
willingly to the persuasions of his     
friends1 and promised to fulfil the     
wishes of the ,italian ,vente4 ,he said1
 ,the time for action is not come4 ,the 

,french police1 in fact1 is busy only   
with the known enemies of the           
,government1 with persons who are       
compromised in these petty plots        
originated by self-love--regret for the 
past1 and ambition4 ,our object is      
greater2 for we do not serve a man1 but 
an idea1 or rather the assemblage of    
ideas1 to be expanded everywhere at     
once1 and to replace the darkness of old
 civilization by torrents of far more   
dazzling light4 ,the dawn of that light 
though has not yet come4  ,yet1 said    
,von ,apsberg1 the notes ,i receive     
announce the formation of new ,vente on 
all sides of us4  ,paris is filled with 
,carbonari1 added d',harcourt4 ,our     
secret and masonic sign reveals the     
existence of brothers everywhere to me4 
,i see them in the public places1 on the
 benches of the lawyers1 and among the  
very judges4  ,true1 said ,von ,apsberg1
 and as an evidence of what d',harcourt 
says1 look at these voluminous names4   
,the friends examined them carefully4   

,it matters not1 said ,monte-,leone1 too
 much precipitation would ruin all4     
,remember our device1 an auger piercing 
the globe4  ,during all this            
conversation1 ,taddeo had remained      
silent and thoughtful1 and the ,count at
 last observed it4  ,my friend1 said he1
 why are you so sad8 ,can it be1 like   
d',harcourt just now1 that you have any 
doubt or scruple about our cause8 ,do   
you hesitate at the dangers8  ,taddeo1  
as if he were aroused from a dream1     
said3 ,the dangers ,i anxiously invite1 
as likely to free me from a life which  
is become a burden4  ,monte-,leone grew 
pale at these words1 for he knew the    
reason of his deep despair2 and the iron
 of remorse pierced his heart4 ,before1 
however1 ,taddeo's friends could        
question him1 a strange accident        
attracted the attention of the actors of
 this scene4  ,a noise1 at first faint  
and then louder1 which resembled that of
 the spider in its web1 suddenly        
interrupted the conversation4 ,it seemed

 to come from the interior of one of the
 panels4  ,here it is1 said             
,monte-,leone1 pointing at one of the   
book-cases4  ,yes1 said ,von ,apsberg1  
with a sign of admiration4  ,can we have
 been overheard8 said d',harcourt4  ,i  
think so1 said the false ,matheus4  ,the
 ,visconte and ,taddeo at once took     
pistols from their pockets and cocked   
them4  ,it is of no use1 said the       
physician1 pointing to the arms of his  
friends4 ,put on your disguises1 for it 
is unnecessary even that the brothers   
should know you4 ,kant has said1 ,when  
there is a secret to be kept it is      
desirable that all who are intrusted    
with it should be deaf1 blind1 and dumb4
 ,let us then tempt no one1 and remember
 there is no one here but a doctor and  
two patients4  ,but the ,count1 said    
d',harcourt1 is he forgotten8  ,ah1 said
 the doctor1 he must be seen4  ,the     
noise increased1 and something of       
impatience was remarkable in the little 
taps on the wood-work4  ,it is he1 is it

 not8 said ,monte-,leone4  ,yes1 said   
,frederick1 for no one else uses that   
entrance4  ,von ,apsberg then approached
 the library and touched a spring which 
threw open a panel on which the books   
were arranged4 ,with a key the doctor   
then opened another door1 through which 
a man entered4 ,the day was advanced1   
and the shades of night enwrapped almost
 all the room4 ,the scene we describe   
took place in the most remote and       
consequently in the darkest portion of  
the vast studio4 ,the appearance of the 
man assumed a terrible and fantastic    
air4  ,ah6 what is there so urgent that 
you trouble thus1 my dear ,pignana8 said
 the ,count to the new comer4  ,signor  
,pignana1 our old ,neapolitan           
acquaintance1 the pretended tailor and  
owner of the ,etruscan ,house1 the      
mysterious guide of the ,count among the
 ruins of ,san ,paolo1 bowed to the     
earth as he always did before the       
,count1 and was evidently about to      
speak1 when he stopped short and pointed

 to the peasant and my lord1 the        
profiles of whom he could see distinctly
 in a moonbeam which came through one of
 the windows4  ,they are brethren1 said 
,matheus1 you may speak4  ,well then1   
said ,pignana1 piqued by the brusque    
manner of the ,count1 ,i thought the    
case urgent1 7he accented the last      
word17 and therefore came to warn your  
excellency of danger4  ,what danger8    
asked the ,count1 with his usual        
sang-froid4  ,and since his excellency1 
said ,pignana1 forbade me to come to his
 house1 ,i was obliged to come here1    
though ,i believe my appearance is      
respectable enough to pass scrutiny     
anywhere4  ,signor ,pignana1 ,i must    
now1 once for all1 tell you the motives 
of my conduct4 ,i would not do so in any
 case were ,i not satisfied how devoted 
you are to me4  ,pignana bowed again4   
,your appearance1 said the ,count1 is   
certainly very honest and respectable4  
,the fund of honesty is1 however1       
perhaps not so good2 for as a smuggler1 

a skimmer of the seas----1 but ,i stop  
here1 lest ,i should displease you1 for 
you may1 after all1 have something on   
your conscience4 ,there is1 you know1 a 
certain ,neapolitan ,ambassador at      
,paris who was once a minister of police
 in our beautiful country4 ,now1 ,signor
 ,pignana1 people never have to do with 
the police without some very unpleasant 
consequences4 ,i have an idea also that 
the ,duke of ,palma1 at whose house ,i  
was a fortnight ago1 did not fail to    
inform the ,prefect of the ,police of   
the city1 of my being in ,paris4 ,this  
is a delicate attention from one police 
to another4 ,the ,duke1 also1 probably  
pointed out many of my old              
acquaintances1 among whom you have the  
honor to be2 you will understand1 by aid
 of your knowledge of doubtful affairs1 
that if it be known that ,i receive you 
here1 people will not think you come to 
teach me to play the mandoline1 on which
 instrument you are1 ,i learn1 a great  
performer4 ,consequently1 and not to rob

 myself of your invaluable services1 and
 the care over my household which you   
exercise1 we have made a means of       
entrance for you here1 and through him  
you can communicate with me--how ,signor
 ,pignana1 an intelligent man like you1 
should understand this1 without its     
being necessary for me to give all these
 details4  ,i am delighted to be        
assured1 said ,signor ,pignana1 proudly1
 that without these grave reasons the   
,count would not be unwilling to see me4
  ,but1 said ,taddeo1 what is the danger
 of which you spoke just now8  ,ah6     
,signor ,taddeo ,rovero6 said the shrewd
 ,pignana1 who had recognized the voice 
of the young man4  ,this is bad6        
murmured ,frederick4  ,i am delighted to
 meet ,signor ,taddeo ,rovero1 said     
,pignana1 especially as what ,i have to 
say relates also to him4  ,to me8 said  
,taddeo4  ,come to the point1 then1 said
 the ,count4  ,thus it is1 ,monsignore1 
said ,pignana3 ,i was1 in obedience to  
orders1 hanging about your excellency's 

house1 and until to-day never saw any   
thing suspicious4 ,this evening ,i saw  
two dark figures planted opposite to    
your hotel1 at the corner of            
,verneuil-street4 ,the motionless       
position of these men seemed strange1   
and the manner that they examined others
 who came in and out of the hotel was   
more so1 until at last ,i became        
satisfied that they watched you4 ,i was 
confirmed in this when approaching them 
in the dark ,i heard one of the men say 
to his companion3 ',he has gone out on  
foot1 his carriage has not left6'  ,go  
on1 said the ,count1 this becomes       
interesting4  ,this is not all1 said    
,pignana2 the same man said in a brusque
 tone to his companion3 ',go to ,saint  
,dominique-street1 the other lives      
there6'  ,that is myself1 said ,taddeo1 
and the ,marquis1 my sister1 and ,i do  
live in that street1 in the ,hotel of   
the ,prince de ,maulear4  ,so ,i        
thought1 said ,pignana1 bowing to       
,taddeo1 and ,i hurried hither where ,i 

knew ,count ,monte-,leone was to be     
found4 ,your excellency will now see    
that it was a matter of importance4  ,do
 not go home to-night6 said d',harcourt4
  ,remain here6 said von ,apsberg4      
,leave ,paris6 said ,pignana4  ,why     
should ,i not go home8 ,because it      
pleases some robber to wait near my     
hotel1 to rob me8 or because some bravo 
wishes1 a la ,venitienne1 to make a     
dagger-sheath of my heart8 ,the man must
 act1 too1 on his own account1 for ,i   
know of no enemies in this city4 ,every 
where ,i am sought for and feted1 and   
our secret associates1 with whom the    
world is full1 and who know my old      
adventures1 secure every day a triumphal
 reception for me in the saloons of     
,paris4 ,but if the mysterious watchers 
of whom ,signor ,pignana speaks1 be by  
chance of the birds of night--owls who  
have escaped from the police1 ,i make   
myself more liable to suspicion by      
staying away1 than by returning to my   
hotel4 ,then1 by ----1 as my old friend 

,pietro used to say--,i did not furnish 
a house to sleep out of it4 ,to remain  
here as ,von ,apsberg suggests1 would be
 a greater mistake yet2 for in this     
house are all our documents and the     
lists of our associates4 ,this is the   
treasury1 the holy ark of the society1  
and here1 under the name of ,matheus1 is
 the very soul4 ,let us then beware how 
we give the huntsman any clue to this   
precious deposit1 or all will be lost4  
,pignana proposes that ,i should leave  
,paris1 but ,i will not do so4 ,here are
 all our hopes of probable success4 ,the
 light which will illumine ,paris1 must 
radiate hence4 ,besides1 gentlemen1     
continued ,monte-,leone1 ,i find that   
you all become easily excited at a very 
natural thing4 ,in case even of a       
judicial investigation1 you forget--,the
 brethren know each other1 but can      
furnish no evidence of the participation
 of each other in any enterprise4 ,our  
records or our deeds alone can betray   
us2 our papers are here beneath three   

locks1 and our actions are yet to be4   
,do not1 therefore1 be uneasy about my  
fate1 and let ,taddeo and myself        
discover the explanation of this riddle4
  ,do not be imprudent1 said ,von       
,apsberg to ,monte-,leone1 as he saw him
 hurriedly dress himself in the costume 
of an ,auvergnat2 remember that we are  
in ,paris1 where the streets are        
crowded1 and not in ,naples--that a     
dagger-thrust is a great event here4    
,do not be uneasy1 said the ,count1 for 
,i always conform to the usages and     
customs of the country in which ,i am4  
,in ,italy ,i use the dagger1 and in    
,france the stick4  ,taking hold of the 
baton which ,taddeo bore1 more          
completely to assume the roll of the    
villager1 he brandished and twisted it  
in his fingers1 well enough to have made
 ,fan-,fan1 the king of the             
stick-players of the day1 envious4      
,shall ,i follow your eccelenza8 asked  
,signor ,pignana4  ,certainly1 said he1 
but as a rear-guard1 twenty paces behind

 me1 in order that you may give         
evidence1 as a mere passer by1 that the 
man ,i shall beat to death wished to    
beat me4 ,this will make me more        
interesting in the eyes of the people   
this difficulty will attract4  ,when he 
saw ,signor ,pignana about to leave the 
room with him1 he said1 ,no6            
,mademoiselle ,crepineau1 the ,argus of 
this house1 saw only three men come in2 
what will she think when she sees four  
leaving8 ,go out then by the secret     
door1 ,pignana1 and join us at the      
corner of the rue ,belle-,chasse4  ,the 
door of the library was closed on       
,signor ,pignana4  ,do you not wish me  
to go with you8 asked the ,vicomte of   
,monte-,leone4  ,for shame6 said        
,monte-,leone1 four to one--we would    
look like the allied army marching      
against ,monaco4 ,remain then a few     
minutes with the doctor4 ,the           
consultation of the ,milord naturally   
enough may be long4  ,the ,auvergnat and
 the peasant of the boulirue passed     

before the chair of ,mademoiselle       
,crepineau1 one with his handkerchief   
over his cheek1 and the other with a    
bandage over his eye4 ,recollecting that
 they had been since eight o'clock with 
the doctor1 she could not refrain from  
saying1 ,the doctor is a very skilful   
man1 but he is slow4 ,after all1 added  
she1 he may have taken a multitude of   
things from them1 though no one heard   
them cry out4 ,people of their rank do  
not mind pain4  ,as they approached     
,verneuil-street1 the ,count proceeded a
 few steps in advance of ,taddeo4 ,wait 
for me here1 said he1 pointing out a    
house which stood yet farther back than 
the others1 on the alignment of the     
street1 and come to me if ,i call out4  
,he then left the young man1 assumed a  
vulgar air1 and straggled towards his   
hotel4 ,soon he saw in an angle of the  
wall opposite to his house a motionless 
shadow1 which was certainly that of the 
man ,pignana had pointed out to him4    
,the ,count had a quick and keen eye1   

which recognized objects even in the    
dark4 ,he saw the two eyes which watched
 him1 and which were fixed on his hotel4
 ,they were moved from time to time1 but
 only that on turning again they might  
more easily recognize every passer4     
,monte-,leone1 with the presence of mind
 which never left him1 and which        
characterized all the decisive actions  
of his life1 no sooner conceived his    
plan than he put it into execution4 ,he 
was anxious to know with what enemies he
 had to deal1 and could conceive of no  
better way than to question the man     
himself4 ,the question he put1 it is    
true1 was rather brusque1 as will be    
seen4 ,when a few paces behind the man1 
who had not the least suspicion1 and had
 suffered him to come close to him1 the 
,count faced about and rushed on the    
stranger4 ,he clasped his throat with   
one hand1 and with the other seized the 
stranger's weapons1 which he naturally  
enough concluded he wore4 ,the latter   
uttered a cry1 and an only cry1 which1  

by the by1 was terrible4 ,he was then   
silent4 ,a stranger passing by might    
have fancied those men were speaking    
confidentially together1 but never that 
one was strangling the other4  ,one     
word1 said ,monte-,leone4 ,tell me why  
you are here4  ,on my own business1 said
 the man4  ,that is not true1 said the  
,count4 ,you are not a robber--you have 
been here for two hours4 ,many persons  
well dressed have down this street1 yet 
you did not attack them4 ,the living    
vice which bound his throat was again   
compressed4 ,the man made a sign that he
 wished to speak4 ,the ,count relaxed   
his hold4  ,whom do you watch8          
,yourself4  ,you know me1 then8  ,yes4  
,who bade you watch me8  ,the stranger  
was silent4 ,feeling the iron hand again
 clasp him1 he muttered1 ,a great lady  
sent me4  ,her name8 said the ,count1   
who began to guess1 but who wished to be
 sure4  ,the ,neapolitan ambassadress4  
,and why does your companion stand in   
the ,rue ,saint-,dominique8  ,then you  

know all8 said the wretch4  ,all that ,i
 wish to1 said the ,count4 ,speak out1  
said he1 again clasping his fingers     
tightly as if they had been a           
torture-collar4 ,speak now1 or you will 
never do so again4  ,well1 said the man1
 my companion is ordered to ascertain if
 you were not at the hotel of the       
,prince de ,maulear4 ,why should ,i know
 any thing about it8  ,ah6 this is      
unworthy1 said the ,count4 ,when her    
passions are concerned nothing restrains
 this woman4  ,a painful sigh was the   
only reply to this exclamation4 ,the    
,count looked around1 and saw ,taddeo   
standing by him1 pale and trembling4    
,,ix4--,a ,,letter4  ,leaning over the  
white shoulders of the charming         
,marquise de ,maulear1 we are about to  
tempt our readers to the commission of a
 great indiscretion4 ,we will force them
 to listen to a letter which that lady  
was writing to her mother the ,signora  
,rovero1 to inform the latter of all her
 secret thoughts1 and of what during the

 last two years had taken place in her  
household4 ,she sat1 one morning1 about 
nine o'clock1 in a beautiful boudoir1   
hung with rose-colored silk1 over which 
were falls of ,india muslin4 ,this room 
was on the second floor of the house1   
and there1 with her head on her hand1   
,aminta wrote1 on a small table         
incrusted with ,sevres porcelain1 the   
following letter1 exhibiting the most   
intimate thoughts of her soul3          
,,my ,,kind ,,mother3 ,twenty months ago
 ,i left ,italy and      yourself1 to   
accompany the ,marquis de ,maulear and  
his      excellent father to ,paris4    
,since then my letters have not         
suffered you to want details of things  
about which you are      so curious1    
which occurred in the course of my trip 
from      ,naples hither1 and of my     
reception by my husband's family4       
,the family of the ,marquis1 as you     
already know1 is one of      the most   
important of ,paris1 both from rank1    
fortune1 and      nobility1 and did not 

therefore dare to receive with          
coldness a stranger who came thus to    
take a place in its      bosom4 ,the    
tender protection of my father-in-law   
made it a      duty to them to seem to  
me what they really were to him1        
benevolent1 kind1 and affectionate4     
,long ago1 ,i saw that the              
sentiments they exhibited were not      
sincere2 and ,i guessed      that       
beneath the affectionate manners of my  
new family1      there was hidden an icy
 vanity1 and want of sympathy with      
the young woman who had no ancestors1 no
 birth1 and almost      no fortune1 who 
had thus1 as it were1 come among them to
      usurp name1 position1 and         
influence1 to which no one should       
pretend who had not a lineage at least  
as princely as      theirs4 ,i soon     
learned how little faith ,i should have 
in      their politeness1 and the       
anxiety in my behalf which were         
exacted by the exigences of society1 and
 above all by the      paternal         

protection of the ,prince de ,maulear4  
,i was eager to      find in the        
friendship of those with whom ,i was    
cast      something of that kind        
reciprocity of sentiments which ,i was  
anxious to exhibit to them4 ,the first  
person to whom ,i      appealed replied 
to me by cold glances4 ,on this person1 
dear      mother1 ,i relied1 not as a   
substitute for yourself1 but as      one
 to advise me in the new life ,i was    
about to lead amid a      society the   
customs and language of which ,i was    
almost      ignorant of4 ,this person   
was the ,countess of ,grandmesnil1      
sister of the ,prince1 and aunt of my   
husband4 ,the ,countess      was        
passionately fond of my husband1 whom   
she educated1 and      perhaps was      
wounded at the idea of his having       
married      without consulting her4    
,this union also put an end to hopes    
which had long before been formed in    
relation to a similar      connection   
with that of the ,duke d',harcourt's1   

one of the      first families in       
,france4 ,mademoiselle de ,grandmesnil1 
therefore1 received me with cautious    
urbanity1 repelled my      confidence1  
and made me look on her whom ,i had     
considered an      affectionate         
protectress as an enemy4 ,the ,marquis  
was not      aware of the ,countess's   
sentiments to me1 for when they saw     
how fond he was1 they redoubled their   
apparent care and      attention4 ,i did
 not1 though1 remain ignorant of the    
thorn      hidden in the rose4 ,this    
strange kind of intuition1 dear         
mother1 which you have often remarked in
 me1 was made      apparent by the most 
unimportant acts of the ,countess1 in   
which she evidently exhibited an        
expression of her      indifference to  
me1 and dissatisfaction at my marriage2 
,i      armed myself with courage1 and  
promised to contend with the      enemy 
provided for me by my evil fate4 ,i     
resolved not to      suffer my husband  
to know any thing of my troubles1 nor to

      suffer the ,countess's treatment  
to diminish my husband's      attachment
 towards the person who had provided for
 his      youth4 ,to recompense me1     
however1 for this want of               
affection1 ,i had two substitutes--the  
perpetually increasing      love of the 
,marquis1 his tender submission to my   
smallest      wish1 and the attachment  
of the ,prince--an enigma he has        
always refused to explain4 ,beyond all  
doubt this reason is      powerful and  
irresistible1 for the mention of my     
father's      name made him open his    
arms1 which1 as ,i told you1 he at      
first was determined to close           
hermetically4 ,strange must      have   
been those talismanic sounds1 changing  
the      deeply-rooted sentiments of an 
old man's heart1 and making      him    
abandon the invariable principles of his
 mind1 so as to      induce him to      
present me1 the daughter of a noble of  
yesterday1 as one descended from a      
person whose virtues had      won for   

him an immortal blessing4 ,i must also  
tell you that      ,i have seen more    
than one of the old friends of the      
,prince      stand1 as if they were     
petrified1 at hearing him speak thus4   
,i have recounted all those happy       
scenes1 dear mother1 merely      to     
compare the past with the present1 which
 presents1 alas1      a far different   
aspect4 ,my brilliant sky is            
obscured--,i see      in the horizon    
nothing but clouds4 ,perhaps ,i am      
mistaken1      and my too brilliant     
imagination1 against which you have     
often warned me1 fills my mind with too 
melancholy ideas4      ,were you but    
with me1 could ,i but cast myself in    
your arms1      press you to my heart1  
and imbibe confidence from you6         
,listen1 then1 to words ,i shall confide
 to this cold paper1      read it with  
the eyes of your soul1 and tell me if ,i
 am      mistaken or menaced with       
misfortune4       ,during the early     
portion of my residence in ,paris1 ,i   

lived      amid a whirlwind of          
pleasures1 balls1 and entertainments1   
which soon resulted in satiety and      
lassitude4 ,the attention      ,i       
attracted1 the homage paid to me1       
flattered my vanity1 and      pleased   
me2 for they seemed to increase the     
,marquis's love1      and to make me    
more precious to him4 ,after the winter 
came a      calmer season1 and ,i       
welcomed it gladly1 thinking the        
,marquis and myself1 to a degree1 would 
live for each other1      and that this 
feverish1 agitated and turbulent life1  
would      be followed by a period of   
more happiness4 ,three months           
passed away in that kind of retirement  
in which those      inhabitants of      
,paris1 who do not leave the city1      
indulge4      ,the ,prince left us to   
visit his estates in another part of    
,france1 and the ,marquis and myself    
were alone4 ,the ,countess1      it is  
true1 was with us2 but her society1     
instead of adding      to our pleasures1

 was as annoying as possible4           
,accustomed      during my whole life to
 out-door existence1 to long            
excursions in the picturesque vicinity  
of our villa1 ,i was      sometimes     
anxious to take morning strolls in the  
beautiful      gardens of ,paris4 ,the  
,countess said to my husband1 one day1  
that a woman of my age should not go out
 without him4 ,as the      ,marquis     
often rode1 an exercise with which ,i am
 not      familiar1 and as he had       
friends to see1 and political           
business to attend to1 ,i was unable to 
go out but rarely4      ,then ,i will   
say he offered me his arm anxiously1 but
 this      exercise neither satisfied my
 taste1 nor the demands of      health4 
,there was also a perpetual objection to
 dramatic      performances1 of which ,i
 was very fond2 ,henri did not like     
them4 ,the ,countess1 also1 from        
religious scruples1 was      opposed to 
them1 and by various little and         
ingeniously      contrived excuses1 ,i  

was utterly deprived of this innocent   
amusement4 ,my toilette was also a      
subject of perpetual      comment4 ,the 
,countess said that ,i exaggerated the  
fashions1      that ,i looked foreign1  
and that the court was opposed to       
innovations in the toilette1 or again   
that the court      preferred the severe
 forms of dress4 ,a young and brilliant 
princess1 though1 gives tone to her     
court1 and by her      elegance1 luxury 
and taste1 procures a support for crowds
 of      the ,parisian work-people4     
,henri1 over whom his aunt has          
never ceased to exercise the same       
influence she did in      childhood1    
while he wished to support my ideas1    
really      supported hers4 ,i saw with 
regret that the chief defect of      the
 ,marquis was weakness of character1 and
 perpetual      controversies about     
little matters produced a state of      
feeling between us1 which subsequently  
required a kind of      effort for us to
 overcome4 ,this1 however1 dear mother1 

is      nothing2 for ,i have not come to
 the really painful point of      my    
confessions4 ,the gay season has        
returned1 and the      principal people 
of ,paris have returned to their hotels4
 ,i      liked to see ,henri jealous1   
because this passion was1 in my         
opinion1 an assurance of his love4      
,henri1 who during the      early period
 of our marriage1 would not have left me
 alone      for the world1 now confides 
me exclusively to the care of      his  
father4 ,the first time this took place1
 his absence was      a plausible       
excuse4 ,he does not now even seek a    
pretext2 a      whim1 an appointment1   
are sufficient motives for him to       
leave me4 ,whither does he go8 ,how does
 he occupy himself8      ,this is the   
subject of my uneasiness and            
torment--yet he      loves me1 he says1 
but a heart like mine1 dear mother1 is  
not easily deceived4 ,he does not love  
me as he used to4 ,a      magnificent   
ball was given during the last month1 by

 the      ,neapolitan ,ambassador1 the  
,duke of ,palma1 who married the        
famous ,felina4 ,henri left the ,prince 
and myself1 as soon as      we came to  
the rooms2 the whole night nearly passed
 away      without our seeing him4 ,at  
last1 however1 he returned1 pale        
and exhausted4 ,the ,prince1 who was    
unacquainted with what      had         
transpired at ,sorrento1 between his son
 and ,monte-,leone1      introduced me  
to him1 and asked me to receive him at  
our      hotel4 ,i hesitated whether ,i 
should consent or not2 when the         
,marquis1 with an air which lacerated my
 very heart1 asked      the ,count to   
visit me1 assuring him that he would    
always be      welcome4       ,welcome  
to him6 dear mother4 ,you understand    
that this man      had been his rival1  
and loved me4 ,i will confess to you1   
dear mother1 as ,i do to ,god4 ,he loves
 me yet1 ,i am sure1      though he     
never told me so2 for his looks are what
 they      were1 and when he spoke1 his 

emotion told me that he was             
unaltered4 ,since that ball1            
,monte-,leone1 thus authorized by       
the ,marquis1 has visited me4 ,my       
husband is not at all      displeased at
 it2 tell me1 do you think he loves me  
still8      ,yesterday1 dear mother1 ,i 
went into my husband's room1 to         
look for a bottle of salts ,i had       
forgotten4 ,the ,marquis was            
absent1 and his secretary was open1 a   
strange disorder      pervaded the room2
 a few papers were lying about1 and     
among      others1 ,i saw a column of   
figures2 ,i was about to look at        
them1 and had already extended my hand  
towards it1 when ,i      heard a cry1   
and on turning around saw my husband1   
pale and      alarmed4 ,he advanced     
towards me1 and seizing my arm          
convulsively1 said1 ,signora1 who gave  
you a right to examine      my papers8  
,it is an abuse of confidence which ,i  
never can      forgive4 ,i grew pale    
with surprise and grief4 ',sir1 said ,i1

      such a reproach is unmerited1 if  
there be any thing      improper1 it is 
your tone and air4' ,i left the room1   
for ,i      was overpowered1 and did not
 wish to weep before him4 ,one      hour
 afterwards1 on his knees1 he besought  
me to pardon him      for an excitement 
which he would never be able to pardon  
himself4 ,he was once more1 dear mother1
 kind as he had ever      been2 he      
repeated his vows of eternal love1 and  
exhibited      all his former           
tenderness4 ,his looks hung on me as    
they used      to1 and ,i began to hope 
he would continue to love me4 ,a        
cruel idea1 however1 pursued me1 what   
was the secret shut up      in the paper
 he would not suffer me to read8 ,why   
did he1      usually so calm and cold1  
become so much enraged8  ,just then the 
letter of the ,marquise de ,maulear was 
interrupted by the bell which announced 
the coming of visitors4 ,aminta         
remembered that it was reception day1   
and persons came to say that several    

visitors awaited her4 ,she went down    
stairs4 ,on the evening of the same day 
she resumed her letter4       ,i resume 
my pen to tell you of a strange         
circumstance which      occurred to-day4
 ,when ,i broke off so suddenly1 ,i     
found some      visitors awaiting me4   
,visiting in ,paris is insignificant and
      meaningless1 performed on certain 
fixed days4 ,conversation      on these 
occasions is commonplace4 ,people only  
talk of the      pleasure of meeting1   
and slander is so much the vogue that   
it is not prudent to leave certain rooms
 until every one      else has gone1    
lest you should be hacked to pieces by  
those      left behind4 ,my             
father-in-law came into the room and    
gave      some life to the conversation4
 ,the ,prince was not alone1 for        
,count ,monte-,leone came with him4     
,why1 dear mother1 should ,i            
conceal from you1 that the presence of  
the ,count causes      always an        
invincible distress8 ,this man is so    

decided and      resolute that he never 
seemed to me like other people4 ,he     
seems half god and half demon4 ,his keen
 and often expressive      glance1 his  
firm voice made mild by emotion1 the    
tout      ensemble of his character1    
seems to call him to great      crimes  
or sublime actions4       ,the ,prince  
said1 ',do you know1 ,aminta1 that the  
,count is      the only person in ,paris
 whom ,i have to beg to come to see     
you8 ,i have absolutely to use violence4
 ,i had just now      almost to use     
violence to bring him hither4'          
',the ,prince1 ,madame1' said the       
,count1 respectfully1 'looks      on    
respect as reserve4 ,the pleasure of    
seeing you is too      great for me to  
run the risk of losing it by abusing the
      privilege4'       ',bah6 bah6'    
said the ,prince1 'mere gallantry1      
nothing more4      ,we emigres1 from    
associating with the ,english1 have lost
      some of our peculiarities2 and ,i1
 at least1 have contracted      one     

excellent custom4 ,when an ,englishman  
says to a man1 my      house is yours1  
he absolutely means what he says1 and   
the      privilege should be used4 ,your
 host looks on you as a part      of his
 family1 and people of the neighborhood 
esteem you as      much a part of the   
household as the old grandfather's chair
      is4 ,you go1 come1 sit at the     
table1 eat and drink1 as if you         
were at home4 ,this generous hospitality
 pleases me1 because      it recalls    
that of our own ancestors4'             
',brother1' said the ,countess1 'this   
hospitality can never      be acclimated
 in ,france1 especially in households   
where      there are as pretty women as 
in ours4'       ',sister1 such          
privileges are accorded only to people  
of the      honor of whom we are        
well-assured1 like the ,count4 ,besides1
      travellers like ourselves are hard
 to please in beauty4 ,not      that the
 ,marquise is not beautiful2 but if you 
had been as      we were at ,ceprano1 if

 you had only read the interesting      
chapter ,i have written in relation to  
that country1 you      would see that   
many perfections are needed to wound    
hearts      that are so cosmopolitan as 
ours4'       ,the ,count was about to   
reply1 when the doors were opened       
and the ,duchess of ,palma was          
announced4 ,i looked at                 
,monte-,leone just then1 and he changed 
countenance at once4 ,i      saw him    
immediately go to the darkest part of   
the room4 ,this      was the first time 
,i had ever received the ,duchess of    
,palma4      ,there seemed no motive for
 her visit4 ,i had paid mine after      
the ball1 and there was no obligation   
between us4 ,the      ,duchess is a     
beautiful1 elegant1 and dignified woman4
 ,it is      said she is of a noble     
family2 and her manners evidently       
betoken high cultivation4 ,the ,duchess 
told me kindly that      she had not    
seen enough of me at the ball1 and that 
,i must      take the visit as an       

evidence of her devotion and            
admiration4 ,the ,prince of ,maulear    
approached4 ',we are      especially    
flattered1 ,duchess1' said he1 and he   
emphasized      the word1 looking at the
 same time at some ladies ,i            
received2 'we are especially flattered  
by the honor you      confer on us4 ,we 
know how careful you are in the bestowal
 of      such favors4 ,it is a favor1 as
 pleasant as it is honorable4'       ',i
 have been suffering1 ,prince1' replied 
the ,duchess1 'with      deep distress1 
and ,i will not reflect on any one the  
burden      of my sorrows4'       ',you 
are1' said the ,prince1 'like those     
beautiful tropical      flowers1 the    
source of the life of which is the sun1 
and      which grow pale on their stems 
in our land4 ,neapolitans need          
,naples1 the pure sky1 the balmy air1   
the perfume of orange      groves1 and  
the reflection of the azure gulf4 ,i am 
distressed1 ,duchess1 at what you say1  
and hope you will      content yourself 

with our country4 ,we will not permit   
you to      leave it4'       ',but ,i am
 dying1' said the ,duchess1 in a strange
 tone4       ',you are now alive1       
though1' said the ,prince4       ,the   
uneasy eyes of the ,duchess passed      
around the room1 and      when she saw  
the ,count1 became strangely animated4  
',ah6' she      remarked1 'here is      
,count ,monte-,leone4' ,the ,count      
advanced4       ',the ,count1' said the 
,prince1 'is your compatriot1 and one   
of your most fervent admirers4'         
',do you think so8' said the ,duchess1  
almost ironically4       ',one1' said   
the ,prince1 'to be any thing else1 must
 neither      have seen nor heard your  
grace4'       ',once1 perhaps1' said    
she1 ',i had some means of attraction1  
but now all is forgotten2 for ,i am a   
,duchess like all      others--less     
even1 because ,i am indebted to chance  
for my      rank and title4'       ',you
 owe thanks to yourself alone1' said the
 ,prince1 'and      the ,duke was a     

lucky man to have it in his power to lay
 them      at your feet4'               
',madame1' said ,i to the ,duchess1     
'since you deign to remind      us of   
your deathless talent1 may ,i venture to
 ask you to      sing once more8'       
',never6' said the ,duchess1 ',i left my
 voice on the banks of      the ,lago di
 ,como1 and have not forgotten my last  
song4'       '',twas indeed a sad       
epoch1' said the ,prince1 ',if it was   
the      funeral of your talent4'       
',i will never sing again6' said the    
,duchess1 ',i remember      that day as 
,i do all the unhappy ones of my life4  
,ah6 they      are far more numerous    
than our happy days4 ,it was evening1   
and in a gay room of my villa1 whither  
,i had come still      trembling at     
having seen a traveller nearly drowned  
in the      lake4 ,i know not what sad  
yet pleasant memory was nursed in       
my heart1 but ,i went to my piano and   
sung an air ,i had sung      for the    
last time at ,san ,carlo4 ,tell me1     

,count      ,monte-,leone--you were     
there--what was it8'       ',la         
,griselda4'       ',it was4 ,on that    
evening all my enthusiasm returned to   
me4      ,while singing1 however1 a     
strange fancy took possession of        
me4 ,i thought ,i saw in the mirror in  
front of me1 the      features of one   
who had long been dead--dead at least to
 me4      ,my emotion was so instinct   
with terror and happiness1 that         
since then ,i have not sung4'           
',that is a perfect romance1' said the  
,prince1 'like those      of the dreamy 
,hoffman ,i met at ,vienna4'       ',no1
 sir1 it is a fact1 or rather the       
commencement of a      series of facts1 
which1 however1 will interest no one    
here4      ,for that reason ,i do not   
tell it4'       ,the ,duchess of ,palma 
rose to leave4 ,the ,prince offered her 
his hand4       ',no1 ,prince1' said    
she1 ',i will not trouble you1 for ,i am
      about to ask the ,count to        
accompany me4 ,excuse me1' said         

she1 'excuse me for taking him away1 but
 ,i need not use      ceremony with a   
countryman4'       ,without giving him  
time to reply1 she passed her arm       
through his1 went out1 or rather dragged
 him out with her4       ,i do not know 
why1 dear mother1 ,i have told you all  
this      long story1 which has led me  
to write far differently from      what 
,i had intended4 ,i like1 though1 to    
talk so much with      you2 and then the
 visit of the ,count and that ,duchess  
agitated me1 ,i know not why4 ,some     
instinct tells me those      mysterious 
beings exert an influence over my life4 
,you think      me foolish and          
strange--but what can ,i do8 ,i am now  
so sad      that ,i seem to look at life
 through a dark veil4 ,i am wrong1      
am ,i not8 ,reassure yourself and tell  
me what you think of my      husband's  
conduct4 ,that1 most of all1 interests  
,your own ,,aminta4       ,p4,s4--,the  
,prince1 the ,countess and myself in    
vain waited      all day for the        

,marquis4 ,it is now midnight and he has
 not      yet come4   ,x4--,,jealousy4  
,a month had passed since the ,marquise 
had written to her mother1 during which 
time the ,marquis1 more sedulous in his 
attentions to ,aminta1 had begun to make
 her forget her fears and suspicions4 ,a
 new event1 though1 aroused them again4 
,a magnificent ball had been given by   
,madame de ,l----1 in her splendid hotel
 in the rue d',antin4 ,m4 de ,l----     
aspired to the ministry2 and the fact of
 his having received the ,duke de ,bevry
 at his magnificent entertainments1 the 
favor he enjoyed at the chateau1 and his
 frequent entertainments to the corps   
diplomatique1 seemed to make his final  
success certain4 ,m4 de ,l---- aspired  
to popularity by attracting around him  
all who seemed likely to advance his    
views4 ,he delighted to receive and     
mingle together in his drawing-room all 
the political enemies of the tribune and
 the press1 who1 meeting as on a central
 ground1 thought themselves obliged to  

boast of the wit of their ,amphitryron1 
beneath whose roof they exchanged all   
the phrases of diplomatic politeness to 
the accompaniment of ,collinet's        
flageolet1 sat together at the          
card-tables1 and courteously bowed at   
the door of every room4 ,on this account
 they did not cease to detest each      
other1 though their apparent            
reconciliation being believed at court1 
contributed in no little degree to the  
advancement of ,m4 ,l----'s views4  ,the
 ,marquis and ,aminta were at the       
ball--and ,henri left his wife for      
several hours in charge of his father1  
who was proud of her1 and exhibited her 
with pride in all the rooms4 ,the       
,prince heaped attention on her1 as all 
well-bred persons love to on those who  
are dear to them4 ,he carefully waited  
on her during every waltz and           
contra-dance2 and with paternal care    
replaced the spotless ermine on her     
whiter shoulders4 ,then resuming his    
task of cicerone1 he explained to her   

the peculiarities of ,french society1   
which seemed so brilliant and singular  
to a young ,italian4 ,the ,marquis      
rejoined his wife about one o'clock4 ,he
 was very gay1 and ,aminta had not for a
 long time seen him so amiable and      
lively4 ,the ,prince expressed a desire 
to return home1 and the young people    
gladly consented4 ,as they were about to
 leave the last room1 an ,englishman of 
distinguished air1 but pale and         
agitated1 passed close to the ,marquis1 
and as he did so1 said in his native    
tongue1 all is agreed4 ,the ,marquis    
replied in the same words1 and the      
,englishman left4 ,aminta asked what the
 stranger had said1 ,nothing of         
importance1 said ,henri1 a mere         
commonplace4  ,a quarter of an hour     
after1 the carriage of the young people 
entered rue ,saint ,dominique4 ,the     
,prince embraced the ,marquise and      
retired to his room1 which was in the   
left wing of the hotel1 and exactly     
opposite the apartments of the young    

couple4 ,about two all the hotel was    
quiet4 ,aminta1 though1 from some       
peculiar presentiment1 could not sleep1 
yet1 with her eyes half closed1 she fell
 into that dreamy torpor in which every 
passion is exaggerated4 ,in this        
half-real1 half-fantastic state1 ,aminta
 saw pass before her all the important  
events of her life1 the horrible episode
 of the casa di ,tasso1 the coming of   
,maulear1 and the heroic devotion of    
,scorpione4 ,another shadow1 that of    
,monte-,leone1 glided before her4 ,the  
looks of this man were fixed on hers1 as
 if to read the depths of her soul4     
,there came also a thousand chimeras and
 countless mad and terrible fictions4   
,la ,felina1 pale and white as a        
spectre1 sang1 or sought to sing1 for   
though her lips moved no sound was      
heard4 ,with her hand raised towards    
,aminta1 the ducal singer seemed to heap
 reproaches on her4 ,alarmed at these   
sombre visions1 the young woman sought  
to return to real life1 and arose from  

her bed2 just then she thought she heard
 a door open4 ,terrified1 she reached   
toward a bell near her1 but paused4 ,the
 door which was opened could be no other
 than that of the ,marquis1 for their   
apartments1 though separate1 were side  
by side4 ,she thought1 too1 that the    
valet de chambre had been detained later
 than usual with the ,marquis1 and      
unwilling to make an alarm1 she         
repressed her agitation4  ,no noise     
disturbed the profound silence4 ,the    
clock above struck the several hours    
with that slow and monotonous           
regularity1 which is so painful to those
 who cannot sleep2 she did not1 however1
 win the rest she was so anxious for4   
,all the fancies which had occupied her 
just before had disappeared1 but were   
replaced by a newer fancy1 occasioned by
 the remark of the ,englishman1 which   
she had not understood4 ,the features of
 the stranger1 so deathly pale1         
constantly returned to her4 ,she fancied
 some danger menaced the man to whom she

 had devoted her life2 that a strange   
danger menaced him1 and1 yielding to a  
feverish agitation1 which she could not 
repress1 wrapping herself in a shawl1   
and afraid almost to breathe1 she went  
to the ,marquis's room1 when at the door
 she paused and thought4  ,what would   
,henri say1 and how could she excuse    
this strange visit8 ,she hesitated and  
was about to return1 when she saw that  
the door was not closed1 and that she   
could thus enter his room and satisfy   
herself without disturbing him4 ,she    
decided--the door turned on its hinges1 
and ,aminta entered4 ,crossing the      
antechamber1 she had reached the        
bedroom1 which was separated from it by 
a curtained door4 ,she advanced to the  
bed1 which she found had not been slept 
in4 ,with a faint cry of terror she sank
 on an arm-chair4 ,the clock struck     
four1 and when she had heard the noises 
which had disturbed her it was nearly   
two2 since then1 therefore1 the ,marquis
 had been away4 ,yet this had occurred  

when he was within a few feet of her1   
and the care and secrecy with which it  
was accomplished showed that it had been
 premeditated4 ,not a sound except the  
opening of the door had reached         
,aminta's ears4 ,the ,marquise felt the 
most agonizing distress--no thought of  
perfidy1 however1 annoyed her2 the idea 
of danger only occupying her mind4 ,just
 then her eyes fell on an open note     
which had doubtless been dropped by     
,maulear amid his hurry and trouble4    
,she took it up1 saying to herself1 this
 note doubtless contains a challenge--a 
rendezvous--she approached the night    
lamp1 and with difficulty suppressing   
her agitation1 read as follows--,dear   
,marquis1 do not fail to come to-night4 
,you know how anxiously you are         
expected1                               
,,fanny ,,de ,,bruneval4  ,the letter   
was indeed a rendezvous1 but not of the 
kind she had expected4 ,the terms of the
 note were clear and precise2 and the   
woman's name dissipated the mist from   

before her eyes1 ,maulear had deserted  
her and his home in the silence of night
 for such a person4 ,she it was whom he 
deceived--she who had been so loyal and 
true1 she who sought1 even when ,maulear
 asked her hand1 to protect him--who    
begged him to distrust his impressions  
and not to act in haste4 ,i was right1  
said she1 to fear the bonds he wished to
 impose on me--,i was right to object to
 a marriage which could not make him    
happy--only two years1 said she1 with a 
voice of half stifled emotion1 and he is
 already cold and indifferent to me4 ,he
 has already abandoned me--and worse    
still1 he has done so with treachery4   
,mother6 mother6 why did you not keep me
 with you8 ,this then1 is the reward of 
my generous devotion4 ,alas6 when ,i    
accepted him--when ,i wrested him from  
the death which menaced him--when ,i    
gave myself to him1 ,i did not love him1
 ,i did not hesitate when perhaps----   
,aminta blushed amid her tears4 ,above  
all1 said she1 ,i do not wish him to    

find me here--,i do not wish him to     
reproach me as he has done with seeking 
to penetrate his secrets4 ,she returned 
to her room1 and from exhaustion and    
tears sank on her bed4  ,day came at    
last1 and ,aminta dressed herself4 ,she 
wished to conceal from her servants all 
that she suffered4 ,above all1 she did  
not wish the conduct and disorder of the
 ,marquis to be made a subject of       
discussion4 ,when her femme de chambre  
entered her room1 she found her mistress
 on her knees at her morning devotions  
before a crucifix4 ,had any persons1    
however1 approached the ,marquise1 they 
must have seen the tears falling on the 
delicate fingers which covered her face1
 and heard her sobs4 ,the bell rang for 
breakfast4 ,aminta started as if from a 
dream2 being thus recalled to real life1
 she saw that while the evening before  
she had been happy and gay1 one night   
had converted all to sorrow and         
suffering4 ,aminta1 though ordinarily of
 strong nerve1 sank beneath the blow4   

,she felt herself wounded in her heart1 
her dignity1 and in her confidence1 by  
one for whom alone she had lived4       
,henceforth her life would be uncertain1
 and circumstances might lead her she   
knew not whither4  ,when the ,marquise  
entered1 the ,prince and ,countess were 
about to go to the table4 ,the former   
said1 ,it is evident1 my child1 from    
your face1 that you are fatigued2 and   
that balls are to you what the sun is to
 roses4 ,it does not detract from their 
beauty1 but it makes them pale4 ,and    
finally1 the ,countess added1 it withers
 them completely4 ,that is the fate of  
all young women who turn night into day1
 and who1 like my beautiful niece1 only 
really live between evening and morning4
  ,come1 said the ,prince1 that will not
 do4 ,my sister is like the fox in the  
fable1 she finds the ball too gay to    
suit herself1 or rather herself too     
sombre for the ball4  ,a witticism1 said
 the ,countess1 is not a reason1 but    
often exactly the reverse4 ,the one1 my 

brother is familiar with2 to the other1 
,i am sorry to say1 he is more a        
stranger4  ,you see1 my child1 said the 
,prince1 with an air of submission and  
resignation1 it is not well to have any 
trouble with the ,countess1 for she     
returns shot for shot2 though she fires 
a pistol in reply to a cannon4 ,luckily 
for us1 she is not a good shot4 ,but my 
son does not come down4 ,can it be that1
 though he did not dance1 he is more    
fatigued than his wife8  ,a letter for  
,madame la ,marquise1 from the ,marquis1
 said a servant4  ,aminta took the      
letter from the plateau1 and looked at  
the ,prince1 as if to ask whether she   
should read it4  ,read1 my child1 read1 
said her father-in-law1 affectionately4 
,the letter of a husband loved and      
loving1 for thank ,god both are true1   
should be read without any delay4       
,aminta unsealed the letter1 and glanced
 rapidly over it4 ,then succumbing to   
emotion1 deprived of strength and       
courage1 and especially revolting at    

what she had read1 felt her sight grow  
dim1 and finally fainted4 ,the          
,countess1 whose mind alone was         
embittered for the reasons ,aminta had  
explained to her mother1 but whose soul 
and heart were generous as possible1 ran
 to the ,marquise1 took her in her arms1
 and was as kind as possible4 ,the      
,prince1 paler than ,aminta1 rushed     
towards the window1 which he threw open1
 and pulled away at the bell-ropes to   
call the servants1 and send them for the
 physicians4 ,the old nobleman exhibited
 the greatest alarm4 ,the young         
,marquise was taken to the drawing-room1
 and a few moments after she opened her 
eyes4 ,her heart1 however1 was crushed2 
and she wept bitter tears4 ,the ,prince 
was struck with terror and distress4 ,he
 was alarmed for his son's sake1 and a  
father's anxiety was apparent4  ,what   
has happened to my son8 said he1 rushing
 to find the letter1 which ,aminta had  
let fall4 ,he read it anxiously1 and    
when he had concluded1 laughed loud and 

long4 ,indeed1 said he1 we have come    
back to the days of the ,astraea4 ,all  
reminds us of the ,calprenede1 of ,urfe1
 or ,scuderi herself4 ,we are on the    
,tendros4 ,this kind of love would make 
that of ,cyrus and ,mandane trifling4   
,cyrus writes to ,mandane1 that he went 
out to ride in the ,bois de ,cologne1   
and therefore has to deprive himself of 
the pleasure of breakfasting with her4  
,mandane therefore is suddenly taken    
ill4 ,this is magnificent and touching2 
but my precious child1 it is a little   
exaggerated4  ,what1 then1 is the       
matter8 said the ,countess1 as she      
handed her niece the salts4 ,what a     
singular man you are6 ,one never knows  
what the facts of any thing are from    
you4 ,you are either in the seventh     
heaven or in despair4 ,your very gayety 
is enough to destroy our niece's nerves4
  ,ah6 said the ,prince1 how sorry ,i am
 for the nerves4 ,read1 however1 the    
letter yourself1 ,countess1 and he gave 
it to ,mademoiselle ,grandmesuil4 ,you  

will see the ,marquise is too fond of   
her husband4 ,her love has really become
 a dangerous passion4 ,she is really    
love-mad1 and if it continues1 we shall 
have a rehearsal of ,milon's ballet1    
with the exception of ,bigotini4  ,the  
,countess read as follows3       ,,my   
,,dear ,,wife3 ,i am unwilling to       
disturb your slumbers1 and      have    
therefore left for the wood at five     
o'clock1 having a      rendezvous with  
some sportsmen4 ,we will probably       
breakfast      together1 and ,i will not
 return until dinner-time4 ,remember    
me affectionately4                      
,,henri4    ,the habitual coldness of   
the ,countess returned while she read   
the letter4 ,i will say that ,i think my
 nephew very likely to inspire deep     
love4 ,i cannot however conceive how    
there can be cause for such despair4 ,we
 ,frenchwomen have not such an          
exaggerated devotion as our niece has4  
,i beg her not to use it up now1 for in 
the career of life she will find it     

difficult to do without it4 ,as if      
regretting that she had soothed sorrows 
in which she had no sympathy1 the       
,countess sent for her prayer-book1 and 
went to mass4 ,as soon as the young     
,marquise was alone with the ,prince1   
she arose1 threw herself in the old     
man's arms1 and said3 ,my father1 ,i am 
very unhappy4 ,the face of the ,prince  
at once became serious1 and taking      
,aminta to a sofa1 bade her sit down1   
and said1 kindly as possible1 ,excuse my
 gayety and irony1 my child4 ,non est   
hic locus1 as the sublime ,horace1 the  
favorite of our good king ,louis        
,,xviii41 once wrote4 ,i repent of my   
volatility and trifling1 for ,i should  
have remembered1 when ,i think of the   
elevation of your mind1 that something  
more important than the absence of your 
husband for a few hours annoyed you4    
,speak to me--open your heart to me--for
 ,i love you too well not to have a     
right to your confidence and your       
secrets4  ,he does not love me1 said    

,aminta1 leaning her head on the        
,prince's shoulder4  ,alas6 my daughter1
 said ,m4 de ,maulear1 ,i am about to   
make a strange confession to you4 ,i am 
not acquainted with my son4 ,his soul1  
sentiments1 inclination1 and moral      
nature1 are unknown to me4 ,when1 four  
years ago1 ,i saw the child now         
twenty-six1 whom ,i had left an infant1 
and found his air1 manners1 and         
appearance distingue as possible1 and   
was pleased with him1 ,i was assured    
that his soul was exalted1 his character
 true1 and his sentiments honorable4 ,i 
was therefore satisfied4 ,two years     
after1 he went to ,naples1 where ,i     
procured a diplomatic post for him2 and 
consequently ,i have neither studied nor
 fathomed his instincts and habits4     
,what ,i apprehend in relation to you1  
my child1 is a capital fault4 ,i have   
discovered in my son an extreme weakness
 of character1 which may lead him into  
error4 ,for that reason1 ,i wrote to    
him1 that ,i would have preferred that  

he had tasted of the pleasures of life  
before marriage4 ,i would thus have had 
an assurance of his subsequent prudence4
 ,believe me1 though1 my child1 ,i will 
watch over him and you1 and if ,i was   
able to forgive his marrying without my 
consent1 when ,i knew whom he married1  
,i never will pardon him if he make her 
unhappy4 ,the deuce6 we did not bring   
you hither from ,italy to break your    
heart4  ,fearful lest his father should 
become angry with ,maulear1 ,aminta     
restrained the secret which seemed ready
 to burst from her lips4 ,she spoke of  
vague suspicions and anxiety at the     
,marquis's uneasiness1 but said nothing 
particular4 ,the ,prince1 who never in  
his life had known what jealousy was1   
had some difficulty in understanding how
 it could create such despair4 ,his     
attention1 however1 was not the less    
vigilant in relation to the affairs of  
the young couple4 ,a circumstance which 
occurred soon after enabled him to      
ascertain much4 ,a number of persons    

assembled one night at the rooms of the 
,marquise de ,maulear4 ,count           
,monte-,leone had become one of         
,aminta's most assiduous visitors4 ,the 
tacit permission he had received from   
,aminta1 the formal authority of the    
,marquis1 the sympathy of the old       
,prince1 to whom the pleasant1 energetic
 character of the ,count1 and his noble 
bearing1 made him every day more        
attractive--all taken in connection with
 the intimacy of ,taddeo and            
,monte-,leone1 authorized him to visit  
the ,marquise freely4 ,the devotion of  
,monte-,leone to ,aminta had never been 
diminished4 ,he had felt only an        
inclination towards ,la ,felina1 an     
error of the senses and imagination1    
excited by mortified love1 and favored  
by the isolation of the ,lago di ,como4 
,his heart had little share in it4      
,when1 therefore1 he saw the ,marquise  
de ,maulear more attractive than ever1  
he discovered that in his whole life he 
had loved her alone4 ,the ,marquis de   

,maulear appeared but rarely at the     
hotel1 coming home at a late hour and   
going out early4  ,monte-,leone and     
,taddeo were talking together1 and this 
fragment of their conversation struck   
the ear of the old ,prince1 who seemed  
entirely absorbed by a game of whist4   
,will not the ,marquis be here to-night8
 said the ,count to ,taddeo4  ,i doubt  
it3 sometimes the master of the hotel is
 here less frequently than any one else4
  ,perhaps he is now1 said the ,count1  
where he goes almost every night1 they  
say4  ,you jest1 said ,taddeo2 ,i think 
he is here every night4  ,he should1 but
 he is not4 ,all ,i can say is1 that on 
the night of ,m4,l4's ball1 he was 444  
where ,i saw him4  ,where was he8 asked 
,taddeo1 impatiently4  ,i will tell     
you--but come away from the whist-table4
         99       99       99       99  
99  ,but you do not return my lead1 said
 the ,prince's partner1 you should play 
hearts4  ,true1 said the ,prince1       
musing2 and he led hearts4 ,his eyes1   

though1 followed ,taddeo and            
,monte-,leone4  ,the ,prince lost five  
points1 much to his partner's           
discontent4 ,he played very badly that  
night1 breaking up his suits1 mistaking 
the cards1 and violating every rule1    
much to the surprise of the lookers-on1 
who knew how well he played the game1   
which the emigres had imported from     
,england4 ,at last they stopped1 and the
 ,prince sought for ,monte-,leone       
through all the rooms4 ,the ,count and  
,taddeo1 however1 had both left4 ,the   
,marquis1 though1 had returned1 and the 
company soon dispersed4 ,the ,prince    
went to his room1 but soon left1 well   
wrapped up1 and with his hat over his   
face4 ,pardieu6 said he1 ,i will settle 
things1 and find out where my son passes
 the nights4 ,can any place be more     
pleasant than the bedchamber of a pretty
 woman8 ,standing at a little distance  
from door1 he waited about half an hour4
 ,his patience was nearly exhausted1    
when the ,marquis came out4 ,henri went 

to the ,rue de ,bac1 took the quai1     
crossed the pont ,royale1 the ,carousel1
 and entered la ,rue de ,richelieu4 ,the
 poor ,prince panted after him1 and kept
 him in sight all the time1 cursing his 
curiosity4 ,sustained by a deep interest
 for his daughter's happiness1 he kept  
on4  ,when the ,marquis came to the ,rue
 de ,menors1 he paused1 and turned to   
see that no one followed him4 ,the      
,prince had barely time to get behind a 
coach which stood at the corner4 ,the   
,marquis went some distance down the    
,rue de ,menors1 and stopped at ,no4 #g4
 ,the door was opened1 and ,henri       
entered4 ,on my honor1 said the ,prince1
 ,i would not have come so far before   
bed1 unless ,i could also have found out
 why the ,marquis visits ,no4 #g4 ,the  
,prince then stopped at the door1 and   
knocked4 ,the door was opened4  ,what do
 you want8 said the porter1 rather      
surlily4  ,i wish1 said the ,prince1 and
 he put a louis d'or in the porter's    
hand1 to know why that man has come     

hither4  ,indeed1 said he1 pocketing the
 louis1 it is a great deal to pay for so
 little4 ,the gentleman has gone1 as    
many others go1 to see ,mlle4 ,fanny de 
,bruneval4  ,,footnotes3  #d ,entered   
according to ,act of ,congress1 in the  
year #ahej1 by ,stringer  ,townsend1 in 
the ,clerk's ,office of the ,district   
,court of the ,united ,states for the   
,southern ,district of ,new-,york4      
,a ,,festival ,,upon ,,the ,,neva4      
,,translated ,,for ,,the ,,international
 ,,monthly ,,magazine ,,from ,,the      
,,french ,,of ,,kaufmann4   ,on the     
banks of a majestic river1 where1 in    
later times1 has arisen a city of eight 
thousand houses1 of granite causeways1  
monuments1 obelisks1 and palaces1       
nothing was to be seen at the           
commencement of the eighteenth century  
but a few huts scattered over a marshy  
waste4  ,on one of those days1 when the 
intense cold had transformed the river  
into a plain of ice1 a numerous crowd   
were hastening through the streets of   

the young ,st4 ,petersburg4 ,some       
directed their steps towards a little   
cottage2 and others1 over the frozen    
waters1 towards a fortified island4     
,every one looked with a curious eye at 
the cottage1 and the numerous sledges   
that were gathering for the escort at   
hand4 ,presently1 a sledge drawn by     
three horses covered with bear-skins1   
dashed up to the cottage-gate4 ,it was  
quickly opened1 and an old man of a high
 stature and proud bearing came forth1  
wearing a blue sable4 ,he slowly        
advanced and took his place4  ,pardon   
me1 sir1 said one of middle age1 who    
hastened to take a seat by the side of  
the former1 the gracious ,czar had--    
,it is sufficient1 prince ,menzikoff1   
interrupted the first1 in a quick and   
stern tone2 ,i am not much accustomed to
 wait1 but ,i know1 however1 that it is 
the ,czar only who can be the cause of  
this delay4  ,you see the boyard1       
,alexis ,nicolajewitz ,tscherkaski1 said
 one of those present1 in a whisper to  

his companion4  ,you are not the first  
to tell me that1 replied ,nikita4 ,it is
 not sixty years since his grandfather  
traversed the ,caucasus with his savage 
,tschetschences4 ,he would be a little  
surprised if he saw his son to-day      
decorated with the golden key of        
chamberlain1 and enjoying himself at    
festivals in sacred ,russia4 ,but they  
give the signal of departure1 for they  
are tying a tame bear to the sledge4    
,indeed1 it is a strange animal6  ,i    
must see him nearer1 said the first4    
,come1 ,andyuschka1 let us survey the   
whole train4         99       99        
99       99       99  ,they came at last
 to an edifice such as was never seen   
before or since4 ,it was built upon the 
,neva--but not of stones4 ,the walls1   
roof1 and partitions1 were of solid ice2
 and the steps leading to the entrance  
cut out of one enormous block4 ,two     
large cannons made of ice1 pierced with 
the greatest care1 and which they were  
foolish enough to charge with powder1   

were placed in front of this singular   
palace4 ,the interior presented an      
appearance not less novel4 ,a long      
table1 formed of a single piece of ice1 
and covered with a hundred exquisite    
dishes1 was the principal               
object--oysters1 in silver plates1      
excited the appetite--sea-fish1 of every
 species1 from the gulf of ,finland and 
,pont-,euxin to the ,caspian and frozen 
seas1 disputed the supremacy with       
shell-fish from the ,istar and ,volga4  
,by the side of the hams of ,bayonne    
were roasts of bear surrounded with     
citron2 and the sturgeon was placed in  
the middle of delicious preserves4 ,many
 sledges were filled with bottles4  ,but
 all these cold dishes composed but half
 the feast4 ,four kitchens1 built of    
wood1 at some distance from the palace1 
threw up constantly clouds of smoke4    
,there boiled stags and elks1 pullets of
 ,archangel1 and boars of ,podolie4 ,but
 that which particularly attracted the  
attention of the spectators were the    

large fires where whole oxen turned     
round upon spits1 for the benefit of the
 people1 to whom were to be also given  
tuns of brandy4  ,the sun shone yet     
above the horizon when the great hall of
 the palace of crystal was lighted with 
wax candles in chandeliers of sparkling 
ice4 ,a thousand lights were thus       
reflected and broken upon the           
transparent walls and windows4 ,it      
seemed a fairy scene in the approaching 
night4  ,while a legion of cooks1 with  
their assistants1 worked without        
cessation1 the two personages1 the      
boyard ,tscherkaski and the prince      
,menzikoff1 were not less busy in the   
interior of the palace4 ,it was readily 
seen that they had the charge of        
directing the festival about to         
commence4 ,the last-mentioned1 spreading
 a bear-skin upon each of the seats of  
ice1 was addressed by his companion4    
,truly1 ,alexandre ,michailowitz1 the   
,czar could not have selected a better  
manager of the feast than yourself4 ,if 

,i had any thing to do but to take      
exclusive charge of the bottles1 ,i am  
afraid ,i should oblige every one to sit
 upon the naked blocks4 ,what grimaces  
those hungry foreign guests would make1 
such as the ,frenchman ,lefort1 and     
those like him1 whom the west is ever   
sending to fatten upon the blood of     
,russia4 ,i should like to see them     
shivering to death1 and at the same time
 politely struggling to appear pleased  
in the presence of the ,czar4  ,but do  
you know how the ,czar would regard such
 pleasantry8 ,you remember ,dimitri     
,arsenieff8  ,arsenieff6 ,i hope you do 
not compound me with that herd whom a   
single glance of the ,czar made tremble 
in their shoes4 ,there was a time1 it is
 true1 but all is changed now--there was
 a time when those submissive slaves who
 filled the courts of the ,kremlin1     
disappeared when they heard the steps of
 the old ,alexis ,nicolajewitz4 ,his    
services were once required4 ,he was not
 idle during the massacre of the        

,strelitz2 they had need of ,tscherkaski
 then4 ,but all this has passed away4 ,i
 have but one wish2 it is1 that in the  
hour of trial the swords of those       
,frenchmen1 or of other foreigners1 may 
leap as slowly from the scabbard as mine
 on that day when men of a nobler spirit
 were assassinated4  ,the ,czar has not 
forgotten that you have--  ,o1 truly1   
replied the boyard1 with a bitter smile1
 the gracious ,czar has made me the     
first chamberlain4 ,he must have been in
 a good humor at that time2 for         
,poliwoi--you know him--he is skilful in
 sealing bottles--he was a valet de     
chambre in his youth--and that ,english 
,melton or ,milton1 who has imported    
some good dogs--both of them1 at the    
same time with myself1 received the key 
of the chamberlaincy4  ,but you cannot  
deny1 ,alexis1 that in general the      
choice of our sovereign--  ,is the best4
 ,but what is strange about it is1 that 
he finds so many excellent men1 and that
 he selects from so large a circle1 when

 others who1 in times of calamity1 are  
no longer considered unworthy1 never    
obtain their turn for preferment4  ,you 
appear to be not in a very good humor1  
to-day1 boyard4444 ,would you fall into 
disfavor with the ,czar8  ,why1         
exclaimed the boyard1 should ,i not tell
 a friend what probably he will learn   
to-day1 if indeed he is ignorant of it  
now8 ,you know1 he continued with an    
affected calmness1 the domain of the    
crown adjacent to my lands in ,tula8  ,i
 do not1 said the embarrassed ,prince4  
,indeed you do1 ,alexandre              
,michailowitz2 or at least you ought to4
 ,it separates my property from yours4  
,ah6 the manor4  ,the same4 ,it is not  
very extensive1 containing only three   
villages and a thousand serfs4 ,but its 
situation suits me and ,i desire its    
possession4  ,well1 you ought to propose
 to the ,czar to sell it4 ,he will not  
refuse you4  ,he has already refused4   
',i am sorry1' he coldly said1 'that ,i 
cannot grant you the lands you ask2 ,i  

have disposed of them to another4' ,i   
was about to reply1 but turning to speak
 to some one1 he closed our             
conversation4  ,and do you know to whom 
he granted the domain8  ,who8 ,perhaps a
 vicious flatterer--an intrusive        
coward--some fellow from abroad who     
comes among us to appease his hunger2   
or1 what is worse1 an upstart1 whose    
only pleasure is to overturn my dearest 
hopes to fulfil his own4 ,who is he8    
,one of those who daily make fortunes by
 hundreds in our ,russia1 in place of   
meeting with the rope which they        
merit--one of those who drive out honest
 men to occupy their places--a rustic   
bore1 a cobbler1 a pastry-cook6  ,the   
features of the boyard took an          
expression of the most violent anger2   
the muscles of his mouth contracted by a
 convulsive movement1 and his fiery eye 
gave sign that he was remembering the   
sanguinary vengeance of his brethren1   
the sons of the ,caucasus4  ,the        
countenance of ,menzikoff grew dark4    

,the word pastry-cook1 in bringing to   
his recollection his former condition1  
awoke sentiments whose expression it was
 difficult for him to restrain4 ,i had  
intended1 he said1 to ask the ,czar to  
give me those very lands2 but ,i am glad
 that ,i have not done so4 ,i would have
 been unhappy in interfering with your  
projects1 if it were even for the sake  
of your amiable daughter1 who1 in your  
old days1 will reward you largely for   
all the grievances you experience at the
 ,court4  ,you think so1 eh1            
,michailowitz8 ,but you are a ,russian4 
,you belong not to those foreign        
plebeians4 ,alexis ,tscherkaski is a man
 who never hides what he thinks1 and ,i 
confess frankly that ,i do not love you2
 ,i have never loved you4 ,yet ,i do not
 confound you with those vile favorites 
of whom ,i have spoken4 ,you are the    
first who has ever said to my face that 
,i was not born to walk in the slippery 
paths of a court4 ,you will have the    
honor also of offering the first counsel

 that ,i have ever followed4 ,yes1      
,prince ,menzikoff1 ,i am firmly        
resolved to leave the capital in a few  
days4 ,in my solitude1 accompanied only 
by my ,mary1 ,i hope to forget the      
,czars1 their favors1 and all that ,i   
have done to obtain them4 ,since the    
death of my ,fedor--but let us stop     
here--with him all my hopes are buried4 
,my daughter only remains--  ,who will  
be a glory to you in the evening of your
 life4 ,she will bloom as the rose1 she 
will be a mother of sons who--  ,yes1 ,i
 desire to see her happy4 ,she will     
freely choose her husband2 and if she   
wishes to unite her destiny with none1  
she shall live with me1 and one day     
close my eyes in death4 ,it is among the
 descendants of the boyards that she    
will find her beloved4 ,he shall be a   
noble son of old and sacred ,russia4    
,and ,i swear by all the saints interred
 in the convent of ,kiew1 that no will1 
not even that of the ,czar1 but her own1
 shall influence the choice of my       

daughter4  ,the ,prince was about to    
reply1 when loud voices were heard in   
front of the house4 ,they come6 they    
come6  ,a long train of sledges took the
 direction of the ,isle of the ,neva1   
and presented as strange a spectacle as 
one could well imagine4 ,instead of     
couriers who1 according to the usages of
 the time1 took the lead in this        
description of festivals1 there was a   
sledge drawn by four horses of different
 colors4 ,in it were four men dressed in
 white with a red girdle1 having in     
their hands a staff ornamented with     
ribbons1 and upon their heads a bonnet  
decorated with plumes4 ,the oddest thing
 in this group was1 that the youngest   
was not less than seventy2 two of them  
wanted a leg2 the third was without an  
arm2 and the fourth1 blind4  ,then came 
two sledges filled with musicians who   
joyously sounded their instruments4     
,they were divided into two sections2   
the first would have pleased the ear by 
their performances1 if it were not for  

the second section1 every one of whom   
was deaf4 ,they could not follow the    
movements of the director1 and he       
himself1 also deaf1 was constantly      
behind the time1 so that the two        
companies1 although playing the same    
air1 produced one which we might imagine
 proceeded from mischievous demons in a 
concert prepared in ,pandemonium for the
 benefit of condemned musicians4  ,in a 
third sledge came a patriarch of eighty 
years4 ,his long white beard and hair   
carefully dressed1 the precious         
ornaments with which he was covered1 and
 the priests seated at his side1 all    
announced that the old man was going to 
celebrate some solemn ceremony4 ,as he  
was an intolerable stammerer1 who had   
been released from the public services  
of the church during the greater part of
 his life1 he was fitly chosen to       
deliver a discourse upon the present    
occasion4  ,the sledge following that of
 the patriarch's1 gave to the cortege   
the unmistakeable character of a nuptial

 festivity2 for1 of the four individuals
 who occupied it1 two wore crowns1 such 
as those prescribed by the ,greek church
 to the newly married4 ,the couple who  
sat in the place of honor1 and for whom 
this fete had been prepared were indeed 
very curious looking persons4 ,the      
bridegroom was an old and wrinkled      
dwarf1 hardly four feet high4 ,his      
enormous head seemed to weigh down his  
slender body1 and to bend his legs into 
the form of sabres4 ,his toilette was   
according to the ,french mode of that   
period4 ,a frock coat of silver cloth1 a
 sky blue vest and crimson velvet       
pantaloons1 and immense ruffles covered 
his long1 sepulchral hands4 ,a perruque 
with a long tail1 the nuptial crown1 and
 a silver sword1 which completed his    
dress1 confirmed the remark of one of   
our friends1 who compared the           
unfortunate bridegroom to a monkey on   
the rack4  ,the dwarf and his affianced 
resembled each other as two drops of    
water4 ,upon the head of the hump-backed

 bride also shone the marriage crown4   
,her dress was of gold cloth of the most
 recent ,parisian mode4 ,their exterior1
 however1 presented a single contrast   
which rendered them still more          
ridiculous2 for upon the wide face of   
the future wife was a presumptuous      
smile1 while the husband1 suffering     
under some recent sorrow1 made the most 
frightful grimaces4  ,in order better to
 distinguish the ugliness of this       
deformed couple1 there were placed upon 
the second seat of the sledge two       
children of angelic beauty--one a girl  
of five years2 the other1 a boy of six  
to eight4 ,they both wore the ancient   
,russian costume1 which in its          
simplicity so well became the celestial 
sweetness of the countenance of the     
rosy-cheeked girl1 and the spiritual    
gayety which beamed from the large black
 eyes of the boy4 ,these children       
appeared destined to serve as bridesboy 
and bridesmaid2 and certainly ,hymen    
could not have made a better choice4    

,it is the daughter of the boyard       
,tscherkaski6 ,it is the little ,fedor  
,menzikoff6 cried the crowd4  ,a large  
number of sledges passed on4 ,all those 
who occupied them were disguised in the 
strangest manner4 ,by the side of a     
coarse ,kirghese was a fashionable      
,parisien4 ,behind them a ,chinese      
mandarin waited upon a maiden ,tyrolese4
 ,in the cortege could be seen not only 
the costumes of all the tribes under the
 sceptre of ,peter the ,great1 but of   
almost every nation of ,europe and      
,asia4 ,the masquerade extended even to 
the trappings of the horses and sledges4
 ,some of the horses' heads wore gilded 
horns of the stag and the elk1 and      
others great wings1 which made them     
resemble the poet's idea of ,pegasus4   
,the last sledge in the train worthily  
closed this fantastic procession4 ,it   
was drawn by three horses1 and contained
 a single personage4 ,two horsemen1     
habited as ,turks1 galloped by his side1
 and announced his high rank4 ,his      

thick-set figure was of the ordinary    
height1 his face was full of a spirit of
 gayety and frolic1 and in the smile    
with which he responded to the          
acclamations of the people could be     
perceived his satisfaction in the       
preparations for the fete of the day4   
,his dress was that of a northern       
countryman1 and he who had ever seen one
 would be at a loss to say whether      
,peter the ,great was an original or a  
copy4  ,the countryman held in his hand 
a large gold-headed cane1 and tormented 
a tame bear1 which1 standing erect upon 
its hind feet1 and fulfilling the       
functions of lackey1 was from time to   
time punished for his unskilfulness1 to 
the amusement of the people4  ,the train
 arrived at the crystal palace2 and     
although all had descended from the     
sledges1 none had crossed the threshold4
 ,every one appeared desirous to yield  
the first entrance to the bridegroom and
 his partner1 or to him who gave the    
feast4 ,prince ,menzikoff and the boyard

 at last advanced1 bare-headed1 into the
 presence of the ,czar1 who was still   
occupied in teasing his bear to divert  
the multitude4  ,what are you waiting   
for8 he said1 at the same time taking   
the cap of the ,prince1 and replacing it
 upon his head4 ,why these marks of     
respect8 ,have you quite forgotten all  
the duties of gallantry in thus         
permitting the happy couple to wait at  
the door of the marriage-house8 ,but ,i 
see--and if ,i did not see1 the odors of
 the dishes and of the brandy would be  
evidence of it--that you have well      
performed your duties4 ,with this       
conviction1 ,alexandre1 that you have   
done well for the palates of the guests 
by delicious dishes1 and that my old    
,tscherkaski does not permit me to have 
a doubt as to his performances          
concerning the cellar--it is1 ,i say1   
from these considerations that ,i pardon
 you both for forgetting that ,i am and 
wish to be nothing more to-day than     
,peter1 the countryman1 who has come to 

celebrate with his friends the nuptials 
of a couple who love each other         
tenderly4 ,come1 let us hasten1 lest the
 temperature of the marriage-palace cool
 our dinner4  ,as your ,majesty wishes1 
responded the ,prince1 respectfully4    
,not ,majesty1 replied the ,emperor1 and
 in the same moment he ran to excuse    
himself to the affianced for            
unintentionally causing them to wait so 
long4  ,they entered1 and very soon the 
sound of music announced that they were 
being seated at table4 ,the ,prince1 at 
a sign from the ,czar1 conducted the    
bride and bridegroom to the place of    
honor1 and beside them the two children4
 ,the rest took their places without    
distinction of rank4 ,the ,holland      
ambassador sat next the ,emperor1 and in
 front of him the boyard ,tscherkaski1  
and ,menzikoff sat next to ,tscherkaski4
   ,,ii4  ,the conversation1 at first   
grave and little animated1 gradually    
became more lively4 ,the ,czar was in a 
good humor1 a thing which often occurred

 at the dinner-table1 if nowhere else4  
,peter the ,countryman was not slow to  
assail the embarrassed couple with      
pleasantries1 some more or less good1   
and others rather equivocal4 ,he at last
 requested the old patriarch1 who was   
perspiring with fear at the anticipation
 of the request1 to repeat the discourse
 which he had pronounced to the great   
pleasure of his ,majesty4 ,a noisy      
gayety filled the hall1 and outside it  
was at its height4 ,at the moment in    
which the ,emperor offered a toast to   
the married couple1 the cannon of ice   
was discharged4 ,it flew in pieces in   
every direction1 and instead of         
producing any serious sensation lest    
some accident might have occurred1 it   
only increased the tumultuous hilarity4 
,the wines of ,champagne and ,bourgogne 
ran in streams4 ,the servants were      
hardly sufficient to supply the thirst  
of the guests4 ,the ,czar ordered to    
their assistance soldiers1 who1 taking  
half a dozen bottles under each arm1    

rolled them as nine-pins upon the       
table--a circumstance which the         
ambassador of the powerful states       
thought so remarkable that he mentioned 
it in his report a la ,haye4  ,this     
intemperate drinking soon showed its    
effects upon the greater part of the    
guests4 ,peter gave himself up          
completely to the infatuation of the    
vine1 and ,menzikoff1 who preserved his 
accustomed sobriety1 saw with inquietude
 the ,czar swallow one after another    
numerous glasses of ,bourgogne4 ,the    
face of the monarch became foolish--the 
perspiration stood upon his forehead in 
large drops1 and in order to cool       
himself he took off his perruque1 and   
placed it upon the head of his neighbor 
the ambassador1 who received the insult 
respectfully1 but without power to      
repress a deep sigh4 ,however pleasant  
all this might have been1 ,menzikoff    
took no part in the enjoyments of the   
society1 troubled as he was through     
fears founded upon an intimate knowledge

 of the character of his master4        
,experience had too often taught him how
 easily the ,czar passed from humor and 
hilarity to anger and violence4 ,he knew
 that such changes took place almost    
invariably after indulgences of the     
bottle1 and that a single word--a single
 gesture--threw him into a passion that 
made him detestable1 while by nature he 
was generous and noble4 ,the event      
proved how reasonable were the          
presentiments of ,menzikoff4  ,the      
festival was coming to an end4 ,the     
,czar arose and commanded silence4      
,hitherto1 he said1 in smiling1 we have 
only drank to the health of the happy   
pair4 ,it is time to give them a        
substantial token of our friendship4    
,since ,i am myself the originator of   
this joyful marriage1 ,i must give the  
first example--so take that1 ,alexandre2
 put in it what ,i told you1 and pass it
 round4 ,at these words the ,emperor    
pointed to a little silver basket that  
lay on the table4  ,menzikoff took the  

basket1 and drawing from his bosom a    
draft for #hjjj roubles1 and emptying   
his own purse1 passed the basket to his 
neighbor the boyard4 ,the latter seemed 
to reflect a moment1 took from his      
pocket a handful of gold and silver1 and
 with an air of contempt1 cast an old   
rouble into the basket1 and passed it   
from him4  ,this circumstance did not   
escape the notice of the ,emperor4 ,his 
brow darkened1 but soon his gayety      
returned1 and he said1 smiling1 to      
,menzikoff3  ,you see1 ,alexandre1 the  
prudence of our ,prince de ,tscherkaski4
 ,he gives only a rouble4 ,he means to  
say by this that he has no very         
particular interest in the married      
parties4 ,it is only a ruse on his part 
in order to remove any jealousy that a  
greater gift might awaken4 ,i will wager
 you that to-morrow he will send a      
present to the young woman more becoming
 her rank and position4  ,your ,majesty 
would lose the wager1 responded         
,tscherkaski1 in a haughty tone4 ,the   

farces of fools and jugglers have never 
amused me1 and ,i have always pitied    
those who know not better how to employ 
their time than to lose it with such    
creatures4 ,thus my contribution is at  
the same time conformed to the          
circumstances and to my rank1 since ,i  
do not appreciate beyond measure the    
office of chamberlain1 with which you   
have gratified me4  ,the ,emperor at    
first smiled at these words1 but his    
countenance became more stern4  ,our    
chamberlain1 said he1 after a pause1    
gets angry to get calm again4 ,he must  
be in a bad humor to-day4 ,i hope he    
will change his language by the time    
that another affair occurs1 which will  
interest him more nearly4  ,tscherkaski 
did or wished not to understand the     
words of the ,czar4 ,his wandering and  
disdainful eyes glanced at the basket   
offered to the bride and bridegroom4 ,it
 was filled with gold1 rings1 bracelets1
 jewels1 and other precious gifts4 ,the 
universal happiness of the evening had  

removed from the mind of the ,czar the  
remembrance of the murmurings of the    
boyard1 and ,menzikoff had hardly taken 
his place when the ,emperor whispered to
 him3  ,the dispositions you have made  
to-day in regard to this festivity do   
you honor4 ,you have perfectly agreed   
with my own taste in such matters4 ,you 
have surpassed my expectations4  ,it is 
not ,i alone1 humbly replied the        
,prince4 ,the boyard as well as         
myself----  ,without doubt1 you and he  
have perfectly fulfilled my intentions4 
,i take not into the account the silver 
rouble1 however1 added the ,czar1 let   
that be as it may1 ten years hence this 
place shall be the scene of a similar   
festivity2 and to let you see how ,i can
 surpass you1 ,i will myself take charge
 of the preparations4 ,you may smile1   
,alexandre1 but you will be forced to   
admit1 that without your aid ,i can     
arrange a nuptial feast4 ,it is besides 
the less difficult1 since the essentials
 are already decided upon--the persons  

to be married4  ,these words were       
overheard by those present1 and a       
profound silence ensued4  ,would ,i be  
guilty of too much curiosity1 said      
,menzikoff1 if4444  ,ah6 you wish to    
know the young couple1 exclaimed the    
,emperor4 ,i ought1 perhaps1 to leave   
you in ten years' uncertainty2 but      
thanks to this brilliant society whom ,i
 invite from to-day1 you will know now4 
,alexis ,nicolajewitz1 continued he1 in 
addressing the boyard1 you asked me the 
other day for certain lands near ,tula1 
situated between the boundaries of your 
property and those of ,prince           
,menzikoff4  ,i did1 and your ,majesty  
has thought fit to refuse them4  ,i     
refused them1 because ,i had reserved   
them for another4 ,i wish to give them  
as a dowry to your daughter4  ,the      
astonishment of the boyard was great ,he
 attempted to speak4  ,silence6 ,i have 
attached to the grant one condition1    
said the ,czar4  ,your ,majesty will    
order nothing contrary to my conscience 

and the honor of my house4 ,i humbly    
ask1 then4444  ,the condition is1 that  
your daughter shall receive her husband 
at my hands4  ,i have sworn upon the    
tomb of my wife1 responded the boyard1  
after a pause1 that my daughter shall   
espouse him only whom she herself freely
 chooses4 ,but1 she is still a child1444
 and in ten years4444  ,indeed1         
interrupted the ,emperor1 whose         
countenance was sorrowful1 if your      
daughter should not accept him whom ,i  
would propose1 the lands will yet belong
 to her2 are you content now8  ,and the 
rank1 the condition of the parties8     
,they are to be the same4  ,a single    
word from our gracious sovereign1 is at 
any time sufficient to destroy all      
inequalities of rank1 said one of the   
guests4  ,you are right1 ,kurakin1      
returned the boyard2 as to myself1 ,i   
rely upon the word of our monarch1 who  
has just said that there is nothing to  
equalize4 ,every one to his opinion upon
 that which concerns him4  ,there is a  

tone of very high pride in your         
discourse1 ,alexis ,nicolajewitz1       
responded ,peter1 who repressed his     
anger with difficulty4 ,i have a great  
mind not to name to you to-day the      
husband which ,i1 your sovereign1 have  
chosen for the daughter of one of my    
subjects4 ,but let your insolent vanity 
subside4 ,your future son-in-law is of  
birth equal with your's and your        
daughter's2 he is the only son of a man 
whom ,i dearly esteem and honor with    
distinguished favors4 ,i say it in his  
presence1 and it is my desire he should 
be honored by others4 ,in a word1 your  
future son-in-law is the companion of   
your daughter at the feast to-day2 he is
 the little ,fedor ,menzikoff4  ,this   
name came to the ears of the boyard as a
 thunder-clap1 so great was his         
astonishment4 ,the assembly waited in   
vain his response1 but he was silent4   
,ah well1 ,alexis1 continued the ,czar1 
if these two manors are hardly worth    
thanks1 why should ,i wait for you to   

consent to the proposed union8  ,all    
eyes were directed to the boyard4 ,no   
one spoke1 and the ,czar's impatience   
yielded to a furious anger4  ,and what  
motive1 he at last said1 induces you to 
reject this gift8  ,the very condition  
that you have yourself made1 gracious   
sovereign4  ,the condition8  ,yes1 that 
condition which requires my daughter to 
give her hand to the son of ,prince     
,menzikoff4 ,it can never be fulfilled4 
,it is impossible to accept the gift of 
your ,majesty4  ,and why8 fiercely      
demanded ,peter4  ,the ,czar orders--his
 servant must obey4 ,prince ,menzikoff  
is the son of a serf1 but the daughter  
of ,tscherkaski shall never marry a man 
of so mean extraction1 and the blood    
mounted to the brow of the boyard4      
,insolent dog6 exclaimed ,peter1        
striking his hand upon the table4 ,do   
you not know that a single word from me 
can make ten serfs ten ,princes1 and the
 least among them superior to you in    
rank and dignity4 ,oh6 by my patron1 the

 prince of the ,apostles1 why should ,i 
patiently listen to this haughty        
descendant of the brigands of the       
,caucasus4 ,i can do more than this1    
proud boyard2 by a breath ,i can degrade
 thee and all thy tribe4  ,hitherto     
,tscherkaski held his eyes downward1 but
 now he lifted them and looked steadily 
at his monarch4  ,your look braves and  
menaces me1 thundered the ,czar1 beside 
himself1 and shaking his fist towards   
the boyard4 ,reply if you dare1 and it  
is not impossible that your rebellious  
head rolls from your body this very     
night1 this hour1 this minute4          
,certainly1 ,i do not doubt your power4 
,how could ,i doubt the power of one    
who1 on the same day1 without pity and  
without humanity1 cut off the heads of  
thousands4 ,surely1 the man who tramples
 under his feet those who were once the 
support of his crown and authority2 who 
has not only stained his own hands in   
their blood1 but that of his own        
son--surely he would not hesitate to    

destroy an old servant1 the necessary   
but guilty instrument of his past       
vengeance4 ,come6 the arm that was      
steeped in the massacre of the ,kremlin1
 can hardly take a redder hue from the  
blood of an unimportant slave4  ,peter  
looked with burning eyes upon his       
adversary4 ,he arose1 as by an impulse1 
and inclining his head forward1 seemed  
to be engaged in discovering the meaning
 of those vehement words4 ,but he was   
endeavoring to stay the tempest that was
 sweeping over his heart4 ,some minutes 
elapsed before he recovered himself from
 those bitter recollections2 and looking
 with an affected air of calmness and   
dignity upon the astonished assembly1 he
 said--  ,faithful ,russians6 you have  
heard the serious accusation brought by 
a subject against his monarch4 ,whatever
 may be the number of the ,strelitz     
fallen in an unhappy day1 ,i am not at  
all concerned about it2 they died for   
the safety and well-being of sacred     
,russia4 ,if innocent blood flowed at   

the ,kremlin--if1 among so many guilty1 
the sword severed the head of one       
innocent1 ,i am ready to defend the act4
 ,it was from me that the whole         
transaction originated2 it is mine only1
 and ,i take the responsibility of it4  
,i had no other means of saving our     
country from the barbarism that         
encumbered it1 and impeded its elevation
 to the rank which it should occupy     
among the nations of ,europe4 ,as the   
bold boyard has truly said1 it is ,i who
 have brandished the sword1 and ,i ask  
who is the ,russian who dares cite me to
 his tribunal8  ,the anger of the ,czar 
was rekindled1 and he began anew4  ,it  
is to the tutelary patron of the empire 
that ,i am indebted for the power of    
having executed a resolution which ,i   
judged necessary4 ,a disease was        
undermining the constitution of the     
empire--the evil was terrible and       
appeared incurable3 like a skilful      
physician ,i at once employed the       
medicine which could alone be successful

 in arresting the progress of the       
disease4 ,could ,i1 in the moment of    
execution1 place the instrument in the  
trembling hands of a charlatan8 ,no2 it 
was my own hand that held the knife4 ,i 
felt the wounds which ,i made2 and ,i   
say to-day1 before ,god and man1 it is  
,i to whom the action belongs1 and for  
which ,i am ready to answer on earth and
 on high4 ,now1 as to you1 ,tscherkaski1
 you have audaciously rejected the favor
 ,i was willing to grant4 ,you have not 
even feared to accuse your sovereign in 
the midst of his subjects4 ,if my       
ancestors were alive your white head    
would fall from the block1 but far from 
me the thought of shedding the blood of 
an old brother in arms4 ,retract1 and   
you may pass your days tranquilly on    
your own lands4 ,if not1 and the voice  
of the ,czar grew more stern1 ,i send   
you this night into eternal exile4  ,is 
it permitted me to take with me my      
daughter8 cooly asked the old man4  ,the
 child belongs to its parent1 replied   

the ,emperor1 surprised and hesitating4 
,then1 ,alexander ,michailowitz1 said   
the boyard to ,menzikoff1 give me two of
 those bear-skins you placed upon the   
ice-chairs2 it is all that is necessary4
  ,take him away at once2 we have had   
enough of his arrogance and audacity6   
exclaimed the furious ,peter1 and he    
repelled ,menzikoff1 who was endeavoring
 to intercede for the boyard4  ,and     
whither8 asked the prince with a        
trembling voice4  ,to ,bareson upon the 
,ob----,no2 to ,woksarski upon the      
,frozen sea1 added ,peter1 as he beheld 
the smiling and triumphing air of the   
boyard4  ,a few moments after the old   
man and his daughter entered a sledge4  
,a party of horsemen accompanied them1  
and away they went with the swiftness of
 an eagle towards the dreary regions of 
the north-west4  ,ten years later1      
,prince ,menzikoff1 despoiled of his    
goods1 his honors1 and his rank1 came to
 share the exile of the boyard4 ,similar
 misfortune reconciled two enemies1 and 

the union of their children accomplished
 the prediction of the ,czar4           
,,politeness3 ,,in ,,paris ,,and        
,,london4  ,,by ,,sir ,,henry ,,lytton  
,,bulwer4   ,je me recommande a vous1   
was said to me the other day by an old  
gentleman dressed in very tattered      
garments1 who was thus soliciting a sou4
 ,the old man was a picture3 his long   
gray hairs fell gracefully over his     
shoulders4 ,tall--he was so bent forward
 as to take with a becoming air the     
position in which he had placed himself4
 ,one hand was pressed to his heart1 the
 other held his hat4 ,his voice1 soft   
and plaintive1 did not want a certain   
dignity4 ,in that very attitude1 and in 
that very voice1 a nobleman of the      
ancient regime might have solicited a   
pension from the ,duc de ,choiseul in   
the time of ,louis ,,xv4 ,i confess that
 ,i was the more struck by the manner of
 the venerable suppliant1 from the      
strong contrast which it formed with the
 demeanor of his countrymen in general3 

for it is rare1 now-a-days1 ,i          
acknowledge1 to meet a ,frenchman with  
the air which ,lawrence ,sterne was so  
enchanted with during the first month1  
and so wearied with at the expiration of
 the first year1 which he spent in      
,france4 ,that look and gesture of the  
petit marquis1 that sort of studied     
elegance1 which1 at first affected by   
the court1 became at last natural to the
 nation1 exist no longer1 except among  
two or three grands seigneurs in the    
,faubourg ,st4 ,germain1 and as many    
beggars usually to be found on the      
,boulevards4 ,to ask with grace1 to beg 
with as little self-humility as         
possible1 here perchance is the         
fundamental idea which led1 in the two  
extremes of society1 to the same        
results3 but things vicious in their    
origin are sometimes agreeable in their 
practice4  ,hail1 ye small sweet        
courtesies of life1 far smoother do ye  
make the road of it--like grace and     
beauty1 which beget inclination at first

 sight1 'tis ye who open the door and   
let the stranger in4 ,i had the         
,sentimental ,journey in my hand--it was
 open just at this passage1 when ,i     
landed not very long ago on the quay of 
that town which ,horace ,walpole tells  
us caused him more astonishment than any
 other he had met with in his travels4  
,i mean ,calais4 ,hail1 ye small sweet  
courtesies of life1 was ,i still        
muttering to myself1 as gently pushing  
by a spruce little man1 who had already 
scratched my nose and nearly poked out  
my eyes with cards of ,hotel 4441 ,i    
attempted to pass on towards the inn of 
,mons4 ,dessin4 ,nom de ,d4441 said the 
,commissionaire1 as ,i touched his      
elbow1 ,nom de ,d4441 ,monsieur1 ,je    
suis ,francais6 il ne faut pas me       
pousser1 moi 444 je suis ,francais6--and
 this he said1 contracting his brow1 and
 touching a moustache that only wanted  
years and black wax to make it truly    
formidable4 ,i thought that he was going
 to offer me his own card instead of    

,mr4 ,meurice's4 ,this indeed would have
 been little more than what happened to 
a friend of mine not long ago4 ,he was  
going last year from ,dieppe to ,paris4 
,he slept at ,rouen1 and on quitting the
 house the following morning found fault
 with some articles in the bill         
presented to him4 ,surely there is some 
mistake here1 said he1 pointing to the  
account4 ,mistake1 sir1 said the        
aubergiste1 adjusting his shoulders with
 the important air of a man who was     
going to burthen them with a            
quarrel--mistake1 sir1 what do you      
mean8--a mistake--do you think ,i charge
 a sou more than is just8 ,do you mean  
to say that8 ,je suis officier1         
,monsieur1 officier ,francais1 et       
j'insiste sur ce que vous me rendiez    
raison66 ,now1 it is undoubtedly very   
pleasant to an ,englishman1 who has the 
same idea of a duel that a certain      
,french marquise had of a lover1 when1  
on her death-bed1 she said to her       
grand-daughter1 ,je ne vous dis pas1 ma 

chere1 de ne point avoir d'amans2 je me 
rappelle ma jeunesse4 ,il faut seulement
 n'en prendre jamais qui soient         
au-dessous de votre etat--it is         
doubtless very unpleasant to an         
,englishman1 who cares much less about  
fighting than about the person he fights
 with1 to have his host present him a   
bill in one hand and a pistol in the    
other4 ,in one of the islands which we  
ought to discover1 whenever the king    
sneezes all his courtiers are expected  
to sneeze also4 ,the country of course  
imitates the court1 and the empire is at
 once affected with a general cold4     
,sneezing here then becomes an art and  
an accomplishment4 ,one person prizes   
himself on sneezing more gracefully than
 another1 and1 by a matter of general   
consent1 all nations who have not an    
harmonious manner of vibrating their    
nostrils are justly condemned as savages
 and barbarians4 ,there is no doubt that
 the people of this island are right2   
and there is no doubt that we are right 

in considering every people with        
different usages from ourselves of very 
uncivilized and uncomfortable behavior4 
,we then1 decidedly1 are the people who 
ought justly to be deemed the most      
polite4  ,for instance--you arrive at   
,paris3 how striking the difference     
between the reception you receive at    
your hotel1 and that you would find in  
,london6 ,in ,london1 arrive in your    
carriage6 7that ,i grant is             
necessary7--the landlord meets you at   
the door1 surrounded by his anxious     
attendants2 he bows profoundly when you 
alight--calls loudly for every thing you
 want1 and seems shocked at the idea of 
your waiting an instant for the merest  
trifle you can possibly imagine that you
 desire4 ,now try your ,paris hotel--you
 enter the courtyard--the proprietor1 if
 he happen to be there1 receives you    
with careless indifference1 and either  
accompanies you saunteringly himself1 or
 orders some one to accompany you to the
 apartments which1 on first seeing you1 

he determined you should have4 ,it is   
useless to expect another4 ,if you find 
any fault with this apartment1 if you   
express any wish that it had this little
 thing1 that it had not that1 do not for
 one moment imagine that your host is   
likely to say1 with an eager air1 that  
he will see what can be done--that he   
would do a great deal to please so      
respectable a gentleman4 ,in short1 do  
not suppose him for one moment likely to
 pour forth any of those little         
civilities with which the lips of your  
,english innkeeper would overflow4 ,on  
the contrary1 be prepared for his       
lifting up his eyes1 and shrugging up   
his shoulders1 7the shrug is not the    
courtier-like shrug of antique days17   
and telling you that the apartment is as
 you see it1 that it is for ,monsieur to
 make up his mind whether he take it or 
not4 ,the whole is the affair of the    
guest1 and remains a matter of perfect  
indifference to the host4 ,your         
landlady1 it is true1 is not quite so   

haughty on these occasions4 ,but you are
 indebted for her smile rather to the   
coquetry of the beauty1 than to the     
civility of the hostess4 ,she will tell 
you1 adjusting her head-dress in the    
mirror standing upon the chimney-piece  
in the little salon she recommends--que 
,monsieur s'y trouvera fort bien1 qu'un 
milord ,anglais1 qu'un prince ,russe1 ou
 qu'un colonel du ----ieme de dragons1 a
 occupe cette meme chambre--and that    
there is just by an excellent           
restaurateur and a cabinet de           
lecture--and then--her head-dress being 
quite in order--the lady expanding her  
arms with a gentle smile1 says1 ,mais   
apres tout1 c'est a ,monsieur a se      
decider4 ,it is this which makes your   
,french gentleman so loud in praise of  
,english politeness4 ,one was           
expatiating to me the other day on the  
admirable manners of the ,english4  ,i  
went1 said he1 to the ,duke of          
,devonshire's1 'dans mon pauvre fiacre3'
 never shall ,i forget the respect with 

which a stately gentleman1 gorgeously   
apparelled1 opened the creaking door1   
let down the steps1 and--courtesy of    
very courtesies--picked1 actually       
picked1 the dirty straws of the         
ignominious vehicle that ,i descended   
from1 off my shoes and stockings4 ,this 
occurred to the ,french gentleman at the
 ,duke of ,devonshire's4 ,but let your  
,english gentleman visit a ,french grand
 seigneur6 ,he enters the antechamber   
from the grand escalier4 ,the servants  
are at a game of dominos1 from which his
 entrance hardly disturbs them1 and     
fortunate is he if any one conduct him  
with a careless lazy air to the salon4  
,so1 if you go to ,boivin's1 or if you  
go to ,howel's and ,james's1 with what  
politeness1 with what celerity1 with    
what respect your orders are received at
 the great man's of ,waterloo           
,place--with what an easy nonchalance   
you are treated in the ,rue de la ,paix6
 ,all this is quite true2 but there are 
things more shocking than all this4 ,i  

know a gentleman1 who called the other  
day on a ,french lady of his            
acquaintance1 who was under the hands of
 her coiffeur4 ,the artiste of the hair 
was there1 armed cap-a-pie1 in all the  
glories of national-guardism1           
brandishing his comb with the grace and 
dexterity with which he would have      
wielded a sword1 and recounting1 during 
the operation of the toilette--now a    
story of ,monsieur son ,capitaine--now  
an anecdote1 equally interesting1 of    
,monsieur son ,colonel--now a tale of   
,monsieur son ,roi1 that excellent man1 
on whom he was going to mount guard that
 very evening4 ,my unhappy friend's face
 still bore the most awful aspect of    
dismay1 as he told his story4 ,by ,g--d1
 there's a country for you1 said he2 can
 property be safe for a moment in such a
 country8 ,there can be no religion1 no 
morality1 with such manners--,i shall   
order post-horses immediately4  ,i did  
not wonder at my friend--at his horror  
for so fearful a familiarity4 ,what are 

our parents always1 and no doubt wisely 
repeating to us8 ,you should learn1 my  
dear1 to keep a certain kind of persons 
at their proper distance4  ,in no       
circumstances are we to forget this     
important lesson4 ,if the clouds hurled 
their thunders upon our heads1 if the   
world tumbled topsy-turvy about our     
ears1      ,si fractus illabatur orbis1 
it is to find the well-bred ,englishman 
as it would have found the just         
,roman--and1 above all things1 it is not
 to derange the imperturbable disdain   
with which he is enfeoffed to his       
inferiors4 ,lady ,d4 was going to       
,scotland3 a violent storm arose4 ,her  
ladyship was calmly dressing her hair1  
when the steward knocked at the         
cabin-door4 ,my lady1 said the man1 ,i  
think it right to tell you there is     
every chance of our being drowned4 ,do  
not talk to me1 you impertinent fellow1 
about drowning1 said her aristocratical 
ladyship1 perfectly unmoved--that's the 
captain's business1 and not mine4  ,our 

great idea of civility is1 that the     
person who is poor should be exceedingly
 civil to the person who is wealthy3 and
 this is the difference between the     
neighboring nations4 ,your ,frenchman   
admits no one to be quite his           
equal--your ,englishman worships every  
one richer than himself as undeniably   
his superior4 ,judge us from our        
servants and our shopkeepers1 it is true
 we are the politest people in the      
world4 ,the servants1 who are paid well1
 and the shopkeepers1 who sell          
high--scrape1 and cringe1 and smile4    
,there is no country where those who    
have wealth are treated so politely by  
those to whom it goes2 but at the same  
time there is no country where those who
 are well off live on such cold1 and    
suspicious1 and ill-natured1 and uncivil
 terms among themselves4  ,the rich man 
who travels in ,france murmurs at every 
inn and at every shop2 not only is he   
treated no better for being a rich      
man--he is treated worse in many places1

 from the idea that because he is rich  
he is likely to give himself airs4 ,but 
if the lower classes are more rude to   
the higher classes than with us1 the    
higher classes in ,france are far less  
rude to one another4 ,the dandy who did 
not look at an old acquaintance1 or who 
looked impertinently at a stranger1     
would have his nose pulled and his body 
run through with a small-sword--or      
damaged by a pistol-bullet--before the  
evening was well over4 ,where every man 
wishes to be higher than he is1 there   
you find people insolent to their       
fellows1 and exacting obsequiousness    
from their inferiors--where men will    
allow no one to be superior to          
themselves1 there you see them neither  
civil to those above them1 nor          
impertinent to those beneath them1 nor  
yet very courteous to those in the same 
station4 ,the manners1 checkered in one 
country by softness and insolence1 are  
not sufficiently courteous and gentle in
 the other4 ,time was in ,france1 7it   

existed in ,england to a late date17    
when politeness was thought to consist  
in placing every one at his ease4 ,a    
quiet sense of their own dignity        
rendered persons insensible to the fear 
of its being momentarily forgotten4     
,upon these days rested the shadow of a 
bygone chivalry1 which accounted        
courtesy as one of the virtues4 ,the    
civility of that epoch1 as contrasted   
with the civility of ours1 was not the  
civility of the domestic or the         
tradesman1 meant to pamper the pride of 
their employer1 but the civility of the 
noble and the gentleman1 meant to       
elevate the modesty of those who        
considered themselves in an inferior    
state4 ,corrupted by the largesses of an
 expensive and intriguing court1 the    
grand seigneur1 after the reign of      
,louis ,,xiv41 became over-civil and    
servile to those above him4 ,beneath the
 star of the ,french minister beat the  
present heart of the ,british           
mercer--and softly did the great man    

smile on those from whom he had any     
thing to gain4 ,as whatever was taught  
at ,versailles was learnt in the ,rue   
,st4 ,denis1 when the courtier had the  
air of a solicitor1 every one aped the  
air of the courtier2 and the whole      
nation with one hand expressing a       
request1 and the other an obligation1   
might have been taken in the attitude of
 the graceful old beggar1 whose accost  
made such an impression upon me4  ,but a
 new nobility grew up in rivalry to the 
elder one2 and as the positions of      
society became more complicated and     
uncertain1 a supreme civility to some   
was seen side by side with a sneering   
insolence to others--a revolution in    
manners1 which embittered as it hastened
 the revolution of opinions4 ,thus the  
manners of the ,french in the time of   
,louis ,,xvi4 had one feature of        
similarity with ours at present4 ,a     
moneyed aristocracy was then rising into
 power in ,france1 as a moneyed         
aristocracy is now rising into power in 

,england4 ,this is the aristocracy which
 demands obsequious servility--which is 
jealous and fearful of being treated    
with disrespect2 this is the aristocracy
 which is haughty1 insolent1 and        
susceptible2 which dreams of affronts   
and gives them3 this is the aristocracy 
which measures with an uncertain eye the
 height of an acquaintance2 this is the 
aristocracy which cuts and sneers--this 
aristocracy1 though the aristocracy of  
the revolution of ,july1 is now too     
powerless in ,france to be more than    
vulgar in its pretensions4 ,french      
manners1 then1 if they are not gracious1
 are at all events not insolent2 while  
ours1 unhappily1 testify on one hand the
 insolence1 while they do not on the    
other represent the talent and the grace
 of that society which presided over the
 later suppers of the old regime4 ,we   
have no ,monsieur de ,fitz-,james1 who  
might be rolled in a gutter all his     
life1 as was said by a beautiful woman  
of his time1 without ever contracting a 

spot of dirt4 ,we have no ,monsieur de  
,narbonne1 who stops in the fiercest of 
a duel to pick up the ruffled rose that 
had slipped in a careless moment from   
his lips during the graceful conflict6  
,you see no longer in ,france that noble
 air1 that great manner1 as it was      
called1 by which the old nobility strove
 to keep up the distinction between     
themselves and their worse-born         
associates to the last1 and which of    
course those associates assiduously     
imitated4  ,that manner is gone3 the    
,french1 so far from being a polite     
nation at the present day1 want that    
easiness of behavior which is the first 
essential to politeness4 ,every man you 
meet is occupied with maintaining his   
dignity1 and talks to you of his        
position4 ,there is an evident effort   
and struggle1 ,i will not say to appear 
better than you are1 but to appear all  
that you are1 and to allow no person to 
think that you consider him better than 
you4 ,persons1 no longer ranked by      

classes1 take each by themselves an     
individual place in society4 ,they are  
so many atoms1 not forming a congruous  
or harmonious whole4 ,they are too apt  
to strut forward singly1 and to say with
 a great deal of action1 and a great    
deal of emphasis1 ,i am--nobody4 ,the   
,french are no longer polite1 but in the
 ,french nation1 as in every nation1    
there is an involuntary and traditionary
 respect which hallows what is gone-by2 
and among the marvels of modern ,france 
is a religion which ranks an agreeable  
smile and a graceful bow as essential   
virtues of its creed4  ,nor does the    
,pere ,enfantin stand alone4 ,there is  
something touching in the language of   
the old seigneur1 who1 placed as it were
 between two epochs1 looking backwards  
and forwards to the graces of past times
 and the virtues of new1 thus expresses 
himself3  ,les progres de la lumiere et 
de la liberte ont certainment fait faire
 de grands pas a la raison humaine2 mais
 aussi dans sa route1 n'a-t-elle rien   

perdu8 ,moi qui ne suis pas un de ces   
opiniatres proneurs de ce bon vieux temp
 qui n'est plus1 je ne puis m'empecher  
de regretter ce bon gout1 cette grace1  
cette fleur d'enjouement et d'urbanite  
qui chassait de la societe tout ennui en
 permettant au bon sens de sourire et a 
la sagesse de se parer4 ,aujourd 'hui   
beaucoup de gens ressemblent a un       
proprietaire morose1 qui1 ne songeant   
qu'a l'utile1 bannirait de son jardin   
les fleurs1 et ne voudrait y voir que du
 ble1 des foins et des fruits4     ,from
 ,fraser's ,magazine4  ,,the ,,lion ,,in
 ,,the ,,toils4  ,,by ,c4 ,,astor       
,,bristed4   ,what followed the events  
related in our last number gave         
,ashburner a lesson against making up   
his mind too hastily on any points of   
character1 national or individual4 ,a   
fortnight after his arrival at ,oldport 
he would have said that the ,americans  
were the most communicative people he   
had ever fallen in with1 and            
particularly1 that the men of our set   

were utterly incapable of keeping secret
 any act or purpose of their lives1 any 
thing that had happened1 or was going to
 happen4 ,now he was surprised at the   
discretion shown by the men cognizant of
 the late row 7and they comprised all   
the fashionables left in the place1 and 
some of the outsiders1 like ,simpson72  
their dexterity and careful management1 
first1 to prevent the affair from coming
 to a fight1 and then1 if that were     
impossible1 to keep it from publicity   
until the parties were safe over the    
border into ,canada1 where they might   
shoot each other like gentlemen1 as a   
young gentleman from ,alabama expressed 
it4 ,sedley himself1 whose officiousness
 had precipitated the quarrel1 did all  
in his power to prevent any further     
mischief1 and was as sedulous for the   
promotion of silencio and misterio1 as  
if he had been leader of a chorus of    
,venetian ,senators4 ,the ,sewer        
reporters1 who1 in their eagerness to   
collect every bit of gossip and scandal1

 would have given the ears which an     
outraged community had permitted them to
 retain for a knowledge of the fracas   
and its probable consequences1 never had
 the least inkling of it4 ,indeed1 so   
quietly was the whole managed1 that     
,ashburner never made out the cause of  
the old feud1 nor was able to form any  
opinion on the probability of its final 
issue4 ,on the former point he could    
only come to the conclusion from what he
 heard1 that ,hunter had been           
mythologizing1 as his wont was1         
something to ,benson's discredit several
 years before1 and had been trying to   
make mischief between him and some of   
his friends or relations2 but what the  
exact offence was1 whether ,sumner was  
involved in the quarrel from the first1 
and if so1 to what extent2 and whether  
the legend about the horse was a part   
of1 or only an addition to the original 
grievance2--on these particulars he     
remained in the dark4 ,as to the latter1
 he knew that ,hunter had not challenged

 ,benson1 and that he had left the      
place1 but whether to look up a friend  
or not1 no one seemed to know1 or if    
they did1 no one cared to tell4 ,at any 
rate1 he did not return for a week and  
more1 during which time ,ashburner had  
full opportunity of studying the        
behavior and feelings of a man with a   
duel in prospect4  ,those who defend and
 advocate the practice of duelling1 if  
asked to explain the motives leading a  
gentleman to fight1 would generally     
answer somewhat to this effect3 in the  
first place1 personal courage which     
induces a man to despise danger and     
death1 in comparison with any question  
affecting his own honor1 or that of     
those connected with him2 secondly1 a   
respect for the opinion of the society  
in which he moves1 which opinion1 to a  
certain extent1 supplies and fixes the  
definition of honor4 ,hence it would    
follow that1 given a man who is neither 
physically brave1 nor bound by any      
particular respect for the opinion of   

his daily associates1 and the world he  
moves in1 such a man would not be likely
 to give or accept a challenge4 ,the    
case under ,ashburner's observation     
afforded a palpable contradiction to    
this conclusion4  ,henry ,benson was not
 personally valorous2 what courage he   
possessed was rather of a moral than a  
physical kind4 ,where he appeared to be 
daring and heedless1 it proved on       
examination to be the result of previous
 knowledge and practice1 which gave him 
confidence and armed him with impunity4 
,thus he would drive his trotters at any
 thing1 and shave through tight places  
on rough and crowded roads1 his         
whiffle-trees tipping and his hubs      
grazing the surrounding wheels in a way 
that at first made ,ashburner shudder in
 spite of himself2 but it was because   
his experience in wagon-driving enabled 
him to measure distances within         
half-an-inch1 and to catch an available 
opening immediately4 ,on the other hand1
 in their pedestrian trips across       

country in ,westchester1 he was very    
chary of jumping fences or ditches till 
he had ascertained by careful practice  
his exact capacity for that sort of     
exercise4 ,he would ride his black      
horse1 ,daredevil1 who was the terror of
 all the servants and women in his      
neighborhood1 because he had made       
himself perfectly acquainted with all   
the animal's stock of tricks1 and was   
fully prepared for them as they came2   
but he never went the first trip in a   
new steamboat or railroad line4 ,he ate 
and drank many things considered        
unhealthy1 because he understood exactly
 from experience what and how much he   
could take without injury2 but you could
 not have bribed him to sit fifteen     
minutes in wet boots4 ,in short1 he was 
a man who took excellent care of        
himself1 canny as a ,scot or a          
,new-,englander1 loving the good things 
of life1 and not disposed to hazard them
 on slight grounds4 ,then as to the     
approbation or disapprobation of those  

about him1 he was almost entirely       
careless of it4 ,on any point beyond the
 cut of a coat1 the decoration of a     
room1 the concoction of a dish1 or the  
merits of a horse1 there were not ten   
people in his own set whose opinion he  
heeded4 ,to the remarks of foreigners he
 was a little more sensitive1 but even  
these he was more apt to retort upon by 
a tu quoque than to be influenced by4   
,add to all this1 that he had the       
convenient excuse of being a communicant
 at church1 which1 in ,america1 implies 
something like a formal profession of   
religion4 ,yet at this time he was not  
only willing1 but most eager to fight4  
,the secret lay in his state of         
recklessness4 ,a moment of passion had  
overturned all his instincts1           
principles1 and common-sense1 and       
inspired him with the feverish desire to
 pay off his old debts to ,storey       
,hunter1 at whatever cost4 ,and as      
neither the possession of extraordinary 
personal courage1 nor a high sense of   

conventional honor1 nor a respect for   
the opinion of society1 necessarily     
induces a feeling of recklessness1 so   
neither does the absence of these       
qualities prevent the presence of this  
feeling1 exactly the most favorable one 
to make a man engage in a duel4         
,moralists have called such a condition 
one of temporary madness1 and it has    
probably as good grounds to be classed  
with insanity as many of the pleas known
 to medical and criminal jurisprudence4 
,be this as it may1 ,ashburner had a    
good opportunity of observing--and the  
example1 it is to be hoped1 was of      
service to him--the demoralization      
induced upon a man by the mere impending
 possibility of a duel4 ,benson seemed  
careless what he did4 ,he danced        
frantically1 and drank so much at all   
hours1 that the ,englishman1 though     
pretty strong-headed himself1 wondered  
how he could keep sober4 ,he was openly 
seen reading ,the ,blackguard's ,own1 a 
weekly of ,the ,sewer species4 ,he made 

up trotting-matches with every man in   
the place who owned a fast crab1 and    
with some acquaintances at a distance1  
by correspondence4 ,he kept studiously  
out of the way of his wife and child1   
lest their influence might shake his    
determination4 ,all this time he        
practised pistol-shooting most          
religiously4 ,neither of the            
belligerents had ever given a public    
proof of skill in this line4 ,hunter's  
ability was not known1 and ,benson's    
shooting so uncertain and variable when 
any one looked on1 that those in the    
secret suspected him of playing dark and
 disguising his hand4 ,all which added  
to the interest of the affair4  ,but    
when eleven days had passed without     
signs or tidings of ,hunter1 and it     
seemed pretty clear that he had gone    
away for good1 ,benson started up one   
morning1 and went off himself to        
,new-,york1 at the same time with       
,harrison1 whose brief and not very     
joyous holidays had come to a           

conclusion4 ,he accompanied the banker1 
in accordance with the true ,american   
principle1 always to have a lion for    
your companion when you can2 and as     
,harrison was still a man of note in    
,wall-street1 however small might be his
 influence in his own household1 ,benson
 liked to be seen with him1 and to talk 
any thing--even stocks--to him1 though  
he had no particular interest in the    
market at that time4 ,but whether an    
,american is in business himself or not1
 the subject of business is generally an
 interesting one to him1 and he is      
always ready to gossip about dollars4   
,the unexampled material development of 
the ,united ,states is only maintained  
by a condition of society which requires
 every man to take a share in assisting 
that development1 and the most frivolous
 and apparently idle men are found sharp
 enough in pecuniary matters4 ,this     
trait of national character lies on the 
surface1 and foreigners have not been   
slow to notice it1 and to draw from it  

unfavorable conclusions4 ,the           
supplementary and counterbalancing      
features of character to be observed in 
these very people1--that it is rather   
the fun of making the money than the    
money itself which they care for2 that  
when it is made1 they spend it freely1  
and part with it more readily than they 
earned it2 that they are more liberal   
both in their public and private        
charities 7considering the amount of    
their wealth1 and of the claims upon it7
 than any nation in the world1--all     
these traits strangers have been less   
ready to dwell upon and do justice to4  
,benson was gone1 and ,ashburner stayed4
 ,why8 ,he had been at ,oldport nearly a
 month2 the place was not particularly  
beautiful1 and the routine of amusements
 not at all to his taste4 ,why did he   
stay8 ,he had his secret1 too4  ,it is a
 melancholy but indisputable fact1 that 
even in the most religious and moral    
country in the world1 the bulwark of    
evangelical faith1 and the home of the  

domestic virtues 7meaning1 of course1   
,england71 a great many mothers who have
 daughters to marry1 are not so anxious 
about the real welfare1 temporal and    
eternal1 of their young ladies1 as      
solicitous that they should acquire     
riches1 titles1 and other vanities of   
the world1--nay1 that many of the       
daughters themselves act as if their    
everlasting happiness depended on their 
securing in matrimony a proper          
combination of the aforesaid vanities1  
and put out of account altogether the   
greatest prize a woman can gain--the    
possession of a true and loving heart1  
joined to a wise head4 ,now1 ,ashburner 
being a very good parti at home1 and    
having run the gauntlet of one or two   
,london seasons1 had become very        
skittish of mammas1 and still more so of
 daughters4 ,he regarded the unmarried  
female as a most dangerous and          
altogether to be avoided animal1 and    
when you offered to introduce him to a  
young lady1 looked about as grateful as 

if you had invited him to go up in a    
balloon4 ,he expected to be rather more 
persecuted1 if any thing1 in ,america   
than he had been at home2 and when he   
met ,miss ,vanderlyn at ,ravenswood1 if 
his first thought had found articulate  
expression1 it would probably have been 
something like this3--,now that young   
woman is going to set her cap at me2    
what a bore it will be6  ,never was a   
man more mistaken in his anticipations4 
,he encountered many pretty girls1 not  
at all timid1 ready enough to talk1 and 
flirty enough among their own set1 but  
not one of them threw herself at him1   
and least of all did ,miss ,vanderlyn4  
,not that the young lady was the victim 
of a romantic attachment1 for she was   
perfectly fancy free and heart whole2   
nor1 on the other hand1 that she was at 
all insensible to the advantages of     
matrimony1 for she kept a very fair     
lookout in that direction1 and had1 if  
not absolutely down on her books1 at    
least engraved on the recording tablets 

of her mind1 four distinct young        
gentlemen1 combining the proper         
requisites1 any of whom would suit her  
pretty well1 and one of whom--she didn't
 much care which--she was pretty well   
resolved to marry within the next two   
years4 ,and as she was stylish and      
rather handsome1 clever enough1 and     
tolerably provided with the root of all 
evil1 besides having that fortunate good
 humor and accommodating disposition    
which go so far towards making a woman a
 belle and a favorite1 there was a      
sufficient probability that before the  
expiration of that time1 one of the four
 would offer himself4 ,but all her      
calculations were founded on shrewd     
common sense2 her imagination took no   
flights1 and her aspirations only       
extended to the ordinary and possible4  
,that this young and strange            
,englishman1 travelling as a part of    
education1 the son of a great man1 and  
probably betrothed by proxy to some     
great man's daughter1 or going into     

parliament to be a great man himself1   
and remain a bachelor for the best part 
of his life1--that between him and      
herself there should by any thing in    
common1 any point of union which could  
make even a flirtation feasible1 never  
entered into her head4 ,she would as    
soon have expected the ,king of ,dahomey
 to send an embassy with ostrich        
feathers in their caps1 and rings in    
their noses1 formally to ask her hand in
 marriage4 ,nay1 even if the incredible 
event had come to pass1 and the young   
stranger had taken the initiative1 even 
then she would not by any means have    
jumped at the bait4 ,for in the first   
place1 she was fully imbued with the    
idea that the ,vanderlyns were quite as 
good as any other people in the world1  
and that 7the ordinary conceit of an    
,american belle7 to whatever man she    
might give her hand1 all the honor would
 come from her side1 and all the gain be
 his2 therefore she would not have cared
 to come into a family who might suspect

 her of having inveigled their heir1 and
 look down upon her as something beneath
 them1 because she came from a country  
where there were no noblemen4 ,secondly1
 there is a very general feeling among  
the best classes in ,america1 that no   
,european worth any thing at home comes 
to ,america to get married4 ,the idea is
 evidently an imperfect generalization1 
and liable to exceptions2 but the       
prevalence of it shows more modesty in  
the ,upper ,ten's appreciation of       
themselves than they usually have credit
 for4 ,as soon1 therefore1 as a         
foreigner begins to pay attention to a  
young lady in good society1 it is prima 
facie ground of suspicion against him4  
,the reader will see from all this how  
little chance there was of ,ashburner's 
running any danger from the unmarried   
women about him4 ,with the married ones 
the case was somewhat different4 ,it may
 be remembered1 that at his first       
introduction to ,mrs4 ,henry ,benson1   
the startling contrast she exhibited to 

the adulation he had been accustomed to 
receive1 totally put him down2 and that 
afterwards she softened off the rough   
edge of her satire1 and became very     
piquante and pleasing to him4 ,and as   
she greatly amused him1 so he began to  
suspect that she was rather proud of    
having such a lion in her train1 as no  
doubt she was1 notwithstanding the      
somewhat rough and cub-like stage of his
 existence4 ,so he began to hang about  
her1 and follow her around in his green 
awkward way1 and look large notes of    
admiration at her2 and she was greatly  
diverted1 and not at all displeased at  
his attentions4 ,i don't know how far it
 might have gone2 ,ashburner was a very 
correct and moral young man1 as the     
world goes1 but rather because he had   
generally business enough on hand to    
keep him out of mischief1 than from any 
high religious principle2 and ,i am     
afraid that in spite of the claims of   
propriety1 and honor1 and friendship1   
and the avenging ,zeus of hospitality1  

and every other restraining motive1 he  
would have fallen very much in love with
 ,mrs4 ,benson but for one thing4  ,he  
was hopelessly in love with ,mrs4       
,harrison4 ,how or when it began he     
couldn't tell2 but he found himself     
under the influence imperceptibly1 as a 
man feels himself intoxicated4          
,sometimes he fancied that there had    
been a kind of love at first sight--that
 with the first glimpse he had of her1  
something in his heart told him that    
that woman was destined to exert a      
mastery over him2 yet his feelings must 
have undergone a change and growth1 for 
he would not now have listened to any   
one speaking of her as ,benson had done 
at that time4 ,why it was1 he could     
still less divine4 ,his was certainly   
not the blind admiration which sees no  
fault in its idol2 he saw her faults    
plainly enough1 and yet could not help  
himself4 ,he often asked himself how it 
happened that if he was doomed to endure
 an illicit and unfortunate passion1 it 

was not for ,mrs4 ,benson rather than   
,mrs4 ,harrison2 for the former was at  
least as clever1 certainly handsomer1   
palpably younger1 indubitably more      
lady-like1 and altogether a higher style
 of woman4 ,yet with this just          
appreciation of them1 there was no      
comparison as to his feelings towards   
the two4 ,the one amused and delighted  
him when present2 the other1 in her     
absence1 was ever rising up before his  
mind's eye1 and drawing him after her2  
and when they met1 his heart beat       
quicker1 and he was more than usually   
awkward and confused4--,perhaps there   
had been1 in the very origin of his     
entanglement and passion1 some guiding  
impulse of honor1 some sense that       
,benson had been his friend and         
entertainer1 and that to ,harrison he   
was under no personal obligations4 ,for 
there are many shades of honor and      
dishonor in dishonorable thoughts1 and a
 little principle goes a great way with 
some people1 like the wind commemorated 

by ,joe ,miller's ,irishman1 of which   
there was not much1 but what there was1 
was very high4  ,be this as it may1 he  
was loving to perdition--or thought so1 
at least2 and it is hard to discriminate
 in a very young man's case between the 
conceit and the reality of love4 ,his   
whole heart and mind were taken up with 
one great1 all-pervading idea of ,mrs4  
,harrison1 and he was equally unable to 
smother and to express his flame4 ,he   
was dying to make her a present of      
something1 but he could send nothing    
without a fear of exciting suspicion1   
except bouquets2 and of these floral    
luxuries1 though they were only to be   
procured at ,oldport with much trouble  
and expense1 she had always a supply    
from other quarters4 ,he did not like to
 be one of a number in his offerings2 he
 wanted to pay her some peculiar        
tribute4 ,he would have liked to fight  
some man for her1 to pick a quarrel with
 some one who had said something against
 her4 ,proud and sensitive to ridicule  

as he was1 he would have laid himself   
down in her way1 and let her walk over  
him1 could he have persuaded himself    
that she would be gratified by such a   
proof of devotion1 and that it would    
help his cause with her4  ,had ,benson  
been in ,oldport now1 there might have  
been trouble1 inasmuch as he was not    
particular about what he said1 and not  
too well disposed towards ,mrs4         
,harrison1 while ,ashburner was just in 
a state of mind to have fought with his 
own father on that theme4 ,but ,benson  
was away1 and his absence at this time  
was not a source of regret to           
,ashburner1 who felt a little afraid of 
him1 and with some reason1 for our      
friend ,harry was as observant as if he 
had a fly's allowance of eyes1 and had a
 knack of finding out things without    
looking for them1 and of knowing things 
without asking about them2 and he would 
assuredly have noticed that ,ashburner  
began to be less closely attached to his
 party1 and to follow in the train of   

,mrs4 ,harrison4 ,as for ,clara ,benson1
 she never troubled herself about the   
,englishman's falling off in his        
attentions to her2 if any thing1 she was
 rather glad of it2 her capricious      
disposition made her tire of a friend in
 a short time2 she could not endure any 
one's uninterrupted company--not even   
her husband's1 who therefore wisely took
 care to absent himself from her several
 times every year4  ,moreover1 though   
,ashburner was seen in attendance on the
 lioness1 it was not constantly or in a 
pointed manner4 ,he was still fighting  
with himself1 and1 like a man run away  
with1 who has power to guide his horse  
though not to stop him1 he was so far   
able to manage his passion as to keep it
 from an open display4 ,so absolutely no
 one suspected what was the matter with 
him1 or that there was any thing the    
matter with him1 except the lady        
herself4 ,catch a woman not finding out 
when a man is in love with her6         
,sometimes she may delude herself with  

imagining a passion where none exists1  
but she never makes the converse mistake
 of failing to perceive it where it     
does4 ,and how did the gay ,mrs4        
,harrison1 knowing and perceiving       
herself to be thus loved1 make use of   
her knowledge8 ,what alteration did it  
produce in her conduct and bearing      
towards her admirer8 ,absolutely none at
 all4 ,precisely as she had treated him 
at their first introduction did she     
continue to treat him--as if he were one
 of her everyday acquaintances1 and     
nothing more4 ,and it is precisely this 
line of action that utterly breaks down 
a man's defences1 and makes him more    
hopelessly than ever the slave of his   
fair conqueror4 ,if a woman declares    
open hostilities against him1 runs him  
down behind his back1 snubs him to his  
face1 shuns his society1--this at least 
shows that she considers his attachment 
of some consequence--consequence enough 
to take notice of1 though the notice be 
unfavorable4 ,his self-respect may come 

to the rescue1 or his piqued vanity may 
save him by converting love into enmity4
 ,but a perseverance in never noticing  
his love1 and feigning to be ignorant of
 its existence1 completely establishes  
her supremacy over him4  ,a ,frenchman1 
who has conceived designs against a     
married lady1 only seeks to throw dust  
in the husband's eyes1 and then if he   
cannot succeed in his final object1 at  
least to establish sufficient intimacy  
to give him a plausible pretext for     
saying that he has succeeded2 for in    
such a matter he is not scrupulous about
 lying a little--or a great deal4 ,an   
,american1 bad enough for a similar     
intention 7which usually presupposes a  
considerable amount of                  
,parisianization71 acts as much like a  
,frenchman--if anything1 rather worse4  
,an ,englishman is not usually moved to 
the desire of an intrigue by vanity1 but
 driven into it by sheer passion1 and   
his first impulse is to run bodily off  
with the object of his misplaced        

affection2 to take her and himself out  
of the country1 as if he could thereby  
travel out of his moral                 
responsibilities4 ,reader1 did you ever 
notice1 or having noticed1 did you ever 
ponder upon the geographical            
distribution of morals and propriety    
which is so marked and almost peculiar a
 feature of the ,anglo-,saxon mind8 ,in 
certain outward looks and habits1 the   
,english may be unchangeable and        
unmistakeable all over the globe2 but   
their ethical code is certainly not the 
same at home and abroad4 ,it is pretty  
much so with an ,american1 too1 before  
he has become irreparably ,parisianized4
 ,when he puts on his travelling habits1
 he takes off his puritan habits1 and   
makes light of doing things abroad which
 he would be the first to anathematize  
at home4 ,observe1 we are not speaking  
of the deeply religious1 nor yet of the 
openly profligate class in either       
country1 but of the general run of      
respectable men who travel2 they regard 

a great part of their morality and their
 manners as intended solely for home    
consumption2 while a ,frenchman or a    
,german1 if his home standard is not so 
high1 lives better up to it abroad4 ,and
 yet many ,englishmen1 and some         
,americans1 wonder why their countrymen 
are so unpopular as foreign travellers6 
,ashburner1 then1 wanted to run away    
with ,mrs4 ,harrison4 ,how he could have
 supported her never entered into his   
thoughts1 nor did he consider what the  
effect would be on his own prospects4   
,he did not reflect1 either1 how        
miserably selfish it was in him1 after  
all1 to expect that this woman would    
give up her fortune and position1 her   
children1 her unbounded legitimate      
domination over her husband1 for his    
boyish passion1 and how infinitesimally 
small the probability that she would do 
so crazy a thing4 ,nor did ,harrison    
ever arise before his mind as a present 
obstacle or future danger2 and this was 
less frantic than most of his           

overlookings4 ,the broker was a strong  
and courageous man1 and probably had    
been once very much in love with his    
wife2 but at that time1 so far from     
putting a straw in the way of any man   
who wanted to relieve him of her1 he    
would probably have been willing to pay 
his expenses into the bargain4  ,but how
 to declare his passion--that was the   
question4 ,he saw that the initiatory   
steps1 and very decided ones1 must be   
taken on his part2 and it was not easy  
to find the lady alone ten minutes      
together4 ,people lived at ,newport as  
if they were in the open air1 and the   
volunteer police of ordinary gossip made
 private interviews between well-known  
people a matter of extreme difficulty4  
,a ,frenchman similarly placed would    
have brought the affair to a crisis much
 sooner3 he would have found a thousand 
ways of disclosing his feelings1 and at 
the same time dexterously leaving       
himself a loop-hole of escape4 ,very    
clever at these things are the ,gauls2  

they will make an avowal in full        
ball-room1 under cover of the music1 if 
there is no other chance to be had4 ,but
 tact in love affairs is not a          
characteristic of the ,englishman1      
especially at ,ashburner's age4 ,he had 
none of this mischievous dexterity2     
perhaps it is just as well when a man   
has not1 both for himself and for       
society4 ,he thought of writing1 and    
actually began many letters or notes1 or
 billet-doux1 or whatever they might be 
called2 but they always seemed so absurd
 7as truly they were71 that he          
invariably tore them up when            
half-finished4 ,he thought of serving up
 his flame in verse 7for about this time
 the unhappy youth wrote many verses1   
which on his return to sanity he very   
wisely made away with72 but his emotion 
lay too deep for verse1 and his         
performances seemed even to himself too 
ridiculous for him to dream of          
presenting them4 ,still he must make a  
beginning somehow2 he could not ask her 

to run away with him apropos of nothing4
  ,one of his great anxieties1 you may  
be sure1 was to find out if any other   
man stood in his way1 and who that man  
might be4 ,his first impulses were to be
 indiscriminately jealous of every man  
he saw talking or walking with her2 but 
on studying out alone the result of his 
observations1 he could not discover that
 she affected any one man more than     
another4 ,for this was one of her happy 
arts1 that she made herself attractive  
to all without showing a marked         
preference for any one4 ,white1 who     
among his other accomplishments had a   
knack of quoting the standard poets1    
compared her to ,pope's                 
,belinda--saying1 that her lively looks 
disclosed a sprightly mind1 and that she
 extended smiles to all1 and favors to  
none4 ,so that ,ashburner's jealousy    
could find no fixed object to light on4 
,at one time he had been terribly afraid
 of ,le ,roi1 chiefly from having heard 
the lady praise him for his             

accomplishments and agreeable manners4  
,but once he heard ,sedley say1 that    
,mrs4 ,harrison had been worrying ,le   
,roi half out of his wits1 and quite out
 of his temper4  ,how so8  ,oh1 she was 
praising you1 and saying how much she   
liked the ,english character1 and how   
true and honest your countrymen were--so
 much more to be depended on than the   
,french--and more manly1 too2 and       
altogether she worked him up into such a
 rage against ces insulaires1 that he   
went off ready to swear4  ,and then     
,ashburner suspected what he afterwards 
became certain of--that this was only   
one of the pleasant little ways the     
woman had of amusing herself4 ,whenever 
she found two men who were enemies1 or  
rivals1 or antagonists in any way1 she  
would praise each to the other1 on      
purpose to aggravate them3 and very     
successful she was in her purpose2 for  
she had the greatest appearance of      
sincerity1 and whatever she said seemed 
to come right out of her heart4 ,but if 

any lingering fears of ,le ,roi still   
haunted the ,englishman's mind1 they    
were dispelled by his departure along   
with the main body of the exclusives4   
,though always proud to be seen in the  
company of a conspicuous character like 
,mrs4 ,harrison1 the ,vicomte more      
particularly cultivated the fashionables
 proper1 and gladly embraced the        
opportunity of following1 in the train  
of the ,robinsons4  ,perhaps1 after all1
 ,ashburner would have preferred being  
able to concentrate his suspicions upon 
one definite person1 to feeling a vague 
distrust of somebody he knew not whom1  
especially as the presence of a rival   
might have brought the affair to a      
crisis sooner4 ,to a crisis it was      
approaching1 nevertheless1 for his      
passion now began to tell on him4 ,he   
looked pale1 and grew nervous and       
weak--lay awake at nights1 which he had 
never done before1 except when going in 
for the ,tripos at ,cambridge--and was  
positively off his feed1 which he had   

never been at any previous period of his
 life4 ,he thought of tearing himself   
away from the place--the wisest course1 
doubtless2 but1 just as he had made up  
his mind to go by the next stage1 ,mrs4 
,harrison1 as if she divined what he was
 about1 would upset all his plans by a  
few words1 or a look or smile--some     
little expression which meant nothing1  
and could never be used against her2 but
 which1 by a man in his state1 might be 
interpreted to mean a great deal4  ,one 
morning the crisis came--not that there 
was any particular reason for it then   
more than at any other time1 only he    
could hold out no longer4 ,it was a     
beautiful day1 and they had been        
strolling in one of the few endurable   
walks the place afforded--a winding     
alley near the hotel1 but shrouded in   
trees1 and it was just at the time when 
most of the inhabitants were at         
ten-pins1 so that they were tolerably   
alone4 ,now1 if ever1 was the time2 but 
the more he tried to introduce the      

subject1 the less possible he found it  
to make a beginning1 and all the while  
he could not avoid a dim suspicion that 
,mrs4 ,harrison knew perfectly well what
 he was trying to drive at1 and took a  
mischievous pleasure in saying nothing  
to help him along4 ,so they talked about
 his travels and hers1 and great people 
in ,england and ,france1 and all sorts  
of people then at ,oldport1 and the     
weather even--all manner of ordinary    
topics2 and then they walked some time  
without saying anything1 and then they  
went back to the hotel4 ,there he felt  
as if his last chance was slipping away 
from him1 and in a sudden fit of        
desperate courage he followed her up to 
her parlor without waiting for an       
invitation4 ,hardly was the door        
closed--he would have given the world to
 have locked it--when he begged her to  
listen to him a few minutes on a subject
 of the greatest importance4 ,the lady  
opened her large round eyes a little    
wider2 it was the only sign she gave of 

any thing approaching to surprise4 ,then
 the young man unbosomed himself just as
 he stood there--not upon his knees2    
people used to do that--in books1 at    
least--but nobody does now4 ,he told her
 how long he had been in love with      
her--how he thought of her all day and  
all night1 and how wretched he was--how 
he had tried to subdue his passion1     
knowing it was very wrong1 and so forth2
 but really he couldn't help it1        
and--and--there he stuck fast2 for all  
the time he had been making this        
incoherent avowal1 like one in a dream1 
hardly knowing what he was about1 but   
conscious only of taking a decisive     
step1 and doing a very serious thing in 
a very wild way--all this time1         
nevertheless1 he had most closely       
watched ,mrs4 ,harrison1 to anticipate  
his sentence in some look or gesture of 
hers4 ,and he saw that there did not    
move a line in her face1 or a muscle in 
her whole figure--not a fibre of her    
dress even stirred4 ,if she had been a  

great block of white marble1 she could  
not have shown less feeling1 as she     
stood up there right opposite him4 ,if  
he had asked her to choose a waistcoat  
pattern for him1 she could not have     
heard him more quietly4 ,as soon as he  
had fairly paused1 so that she could    
speak without immediate interruption1   
she took up the reply4 ,it was better   
that he should go no further1 as she had
 already understood quite enough4 ,she  
was very sorry to give him pain--it was 
always unpleasant to give pain to any   
one4 ,she was also very sorry that he   
had so deceived himself1 and so         
misapprehended her character1 or        
misunderstood her conversation4 ,he was 
very young yet1 and had sense enough to 
get over this very soon4 ,of course1 she
 would never hear any repetition of such
 language from him2 and1 on her part1   
she would never mention what had        
occurred to any one--especially not to  
,mr4 ,harrison 7it was the first time he
 had ever heard her allude to the       

existence of that gentleman72 and then  
she wound up with a look which said as  
plainly as the words could have done1   
,now1 you may go4  ,ashburner moved off 
in a more than usual state of confusion4
 ,as he approached the door it opened   
suddenly1 and he nearly walked over one 
of the little ,bleeckers1 a flourishing 
specimen of ,young ,new-,york1 with     
about three yards of green satin round  
his throat1 and both his hands full of  
,french novels1 which he had been       
commissioned to bring from the          
circulating library4 ,ashburner felt    
like choking him1 and it was only by a  
great effort that he contrived to pass  
him with a barely civil species of nod4 
,but as he went out1 he could not       
refrain from casting one glance back at 
,mrs4 ,harrison4 ,she had taken off her 
bonnet 7which in ,america is denominated
 a hat71 and was tranquilly arranging   
her hair at the glass4  ,somehow or     
other he found his way down stairs1 and 
rushed off into the country on a tearing

 walk1 enraged and disgusted with every 
thing1 and with himself most of all4    
,when a man has made up his mind to     
commit a sin1 and then has been         
disappointed in the fruition of it--when
 he has sold the birthright of his      
integrity1 without getting the miserable
 mess of pottage for it which he        
expected1 his feelings are not the most 
enviable4 ,ashburner was angry enough to
 marry the first heiress he met with4   
,first1 he half resolved to get up a    
desperate flirtation with ,mrs4 ,benson2
 but the success of his first attempt   
was not encouraging to the prosecution  
of a second4 ,to kill himself was not in
 his line2 but he felt very like killing
 some one else4 ,he still feared he     
might have been made a screen for some  
other man4 ,but if the other man        
existed1 he could only be reached by    
fighting successively all the single men
 of our set1 and a fair sprinkling of   
those in the second set4 ,then he       
thought he must at least leave the      

place1 but his pride still revolted at  
the idea of running away before a woman4
 ,finally1 after walking about ten      
miles1 and losing his dinner1 he sobered
 down gradually1 and thought what a fool
 he had been2 and the issue of his      
cogitations was a very wise double      
conclusion4 ,he formed a higher opinion 
of the virtue of ,american women1 and he
 never attempted any experiments on     
another4     ,from ,sharpe's ,london    
,magazine4  ,,the ,,man ,,of ,,tact4    
,there is no distinctive term more      
frequently employed1 and less generally 
understood1 than the word ,tact4 ,it is 
in every one's mouth1 and many have a   
vague notion of its meaning1 who yet1 if
 required1 would find no slight         
difficulty in giving its definition4 ,it
 is the application of perceptive       
common-sense to life's practical        
details2 the correct adaptation of means
 to ends1 from an intuitive knowledge of
 character1 blended with a careful      
concealment1 a discreet evasion of our  

own1 except when amiable faults are     
avowed1 to enhance the impression of our
 candor4 ,cameleon-like1 tact assumes   
the color of contingent                 
circumstances1--is the vague1 yet potent
 spirit1 with its shadowless finger     
arresting the impulses2 an unseen ruler 
of the thoughts1 winding its gossamer   
yet adamantine meshes like a spell2 the 
uncaught hic et ubique arbiter of mortal
 destinies embodied in a fellow-mortal4 
,when we speak of the man of tact1 as of
 one in whom this quality               
predominates1--as hereafter we shall    
speak of the man of honor1 of genius1   
and of sense1 we must confess that above
 most other characteristics1 this is    
especially absorbent in its influence1  
and generally usurps the government of  
the whole man4 ,it collects into its own
 stream the channels of other motives1  
which it renders tributary1 until it    
pervades the whole moral surface with   
one obliterating deluge4 ,if not        
watched1 it will hence induce a general 

deceptiveness1 for the other impulses   
will partake of its color1 shrewdness   
will become cunning1 discretion will    
change into artful dexterity4 ,its very 
progress is sinuous and oblique1 never  
more so than when assuming the guise of 
straightforwardness and truth2 but if   
divested of its baser elements1 it will 
soar into the higher intellectuals1 and 
will claim affinity to practical        
observation1 or1 to speak               
phrenologically1 to causality4 ,in this 
view it combines with prudence1 also    
with self-discipline1 in the regulation 
of the temper2 in fact1 is the child of 
judgment1 inheriting with its parent's  
calmness somewhat of her coldness too4  
,observe that man sitting in the private
 room of one of our largest mercantile  
establishments4 ,risen from a low grade 
to the direction of a vast concern1 at  
one time intrusted with a mission abroad
 of a most important yet delicate       
character1 he owes the eminence he has  
attained entirely to tact4 ,the features

 are now in repose1 take your           
opportunity to watch them 7for they are 
seldom so1 and if he were aware of      
observation1 would assume a different   
expression72 how the wear upon nerves1  
even of such flexibility1 imparts to the
 fatigued countenance an air of study1  
ceaseless even in comparative inaction4 
,the open and bald forehead1 clear1     
expansive1 impending over deep-set1     
small1 yet fathomless eyes1 restless and
 anxious in their motion2 the lips      
fullish1 wearing at the corner a        
half-contemptuous yet good-humored      
self-contentment1 which tells of the    
owner's disdain for the game of life1   
and yet of triumphant complacency at his
 own successful skill in it4 ,he smiles6
 ,ah6 he is thinking of how he deluded  
that shallow fop1 ,lord ,f----1 whom    
fortune raised kindly to conceal his    
puerilites by a coronet2 or perhaps 7as 
his eye dilates with haughtier gaze7 he 
dreams of having struck a nobler quarry1
 when he outwitted the subtle ,count de 

,p----2 for neither thought they were   
following aught but the suggestion of   
their own will4 ,this is the mystery and
 mastery of tact4 ,had his victims seen 
that smile1 the game would have been    
lost2 but he was different to each1 the 
man was changed4 ,the lordling saw      
before him a free hearty abettor of     
youthful folly1 an ,apicius1 not a      
,mentor1 one versed in life's vanities1 
yet still ready to quaff the draught he 
satirized2 sagacious in criticising     
pleasure1 yet reckless as the youngest  
in its pursuit2 but to the ,count1 the  
deferential air1 the silent evidence of 
every action1 so sedulously courteous1  
yet so artless1 attesting the listener's
 7for he spoke but to inquire as if of  
an oracle1 and demurred but to render   
conviction more gracefully attractive7  
reverence for the old diplomatist's     
sagacity2 the rejoinder dexterously     
introduced to confirm confidence in his 
visitor that he was not wasting his     
instruction1--these and the thousand    

nameless points of tact1 dipped in the  
fountain of his own deep counsel1       
instilled the wary practiser's motives  
into the mind of one1 apparently his    
confessed master in the art of          
diplomacy1 convinced the ,count that he 
was regarded as the condensation of     
profound thought1 of astute sagacity2   
and it so happened1 that if there was   
one qualification in which the foreigner
 especially exulted more than any other1
 it was upon his dexterity in           
deciphering disposition--in his thorough
 knowledge of human nature6  ,we have   
said he was an adept in listening3      
indeed it was averred that he obtained a
 large estate by the quiet attention    
with which he listened to the toothless 
twaddle of a senile ,dowager--age's     
garrulity--the echo of an empty hall    
which thought has quitted4 ,he rarely1  
however1 in any case interrupts the     
driest drawler1 for he has tutored      
attendants who understand not only whom 
to admit1 but also a hint as to the     

proper duration of a conference1 and    
these with ready message cut short the  
intruder's dull delay4 ,if1 also1 in    
public or private he be himself         
interrupted1 he never loses his temper  
or the point2 resumes the thread just   
where it was broken1 and with polite1   
yet unswerving pertinacity1 directs the 
minds of all to the wished-for end1 in  
spite of every purposed or involuntary  
attempt to distract them into devious   
channels4 ,some men1 like jackdaws1     
proclaim with noisy loquaciousness their
 most private matters1 alarming the     
public horizon with egotistical chatter 
about their own nests3 tact1 as the     
master of it1 ,cromwell1 knew1          
acknowledges the safety of silence1 and 
like the rat1--a subtle                 
politician6--saps vast fabrics by an    
insidious1 unheard gnawing underground6 
,briefly1 this man listens much1 speaks 
little--mostly the latter when he would 
conceal his thoughts--keeps his eyes and
 ears open1 his mouth and his heart     

closed4 ,with numerous admirers1 he has 
many enemies--the latter's hostility is 
however repressed by fear1 and the      
regard of the other1 somehow1 never     
ripens into love2 it may be that        
selfishness1 the concomitant of tact1   
forbids affection4 ,we have shown the   
fair side of the portrait hitherto drawn
 from the respectable sphere 7as it is  
called7 of life2 but it has its evil    
counterpart or reverse to be seen in a  
notorious receiver of stolen property1  
ever watched by1 yet ever baffling the  
police1--one1 who1 having helped many to
 the hulks1 has by sheer cunning 7tact  
in motley67 himself escaped4 ,the       
consciences of both are similarly guided
 by the law of public not private       
morality--interest is the ruling        
principle of both2 even the drudgery of 
each assimilates1 for a life of         
dissimulation is a very hard one4 ,what 
actor would be always on the stage8     
,both are commercial men in a sense1    
though one lives at the west-end1 the   

other near ,seven-dials2 sometimes they 
meet1--the rich1 upon--the poor1 before1
 the bench--the ,justice in silk frowns 
on the speciously simple thief in rags2 
yet nature has cut the countenances of  
both from the same piece1 and true it is
 that her one touch1 the prevalence of  
tact1 successful here1--in hard         
confronting there--renders both akin4   
,yet not always does tact array itself  
in silken softness1 or stoop to conquer3
 some ply the trade with no less success
 under the guise of rough and candid    
honesty3 these men declare loudly that  
they always speak their minds3 come upon
 us with a bluff sincerity1 disarming   
prudence by an appearance of incautious 
trust and open-heartedness4 ,they cannot
 cog1 they cannot sue1 they profess     
noisily to abhor humbug1 as they term   
it1 in every shape3--a strange          
ingratitude to what they chiefly thrive 
by2 for certain it is1 that though      
doubtlessly all honorable men1 these are
 the most insidious tacticians1 and     

generally of the worst kind4  ,hitherto 
we have spoken of tact in its           
deteriorated shape1 and indeed the word 
seems to have got so bad a name that its
 bare mention breathes distrust4 ,yet   
there is a medium class of men who1 like
 ,william of ,orange1 reduce violent    
feelings even to frigidity1 and allowing
 discretion her widest scope1 do not    
entirely obliterate the affections4     
,machiavelli says that seldom men of    
mean fortunes attain to high degrees    
without force or fraud1 and generally   
rather by the latter than the former1   
and hence he recommends guile to be     
adopted--but these1 to whom we now      
allude1 practise prudence1 yet preserve 
their guileless sincerity4 ,here1 though
 the term is rather univocal1 and seems 
to apply only to our concerns with      
others1 its healthy action is forcibly  
evinced on the individual's mind1 for it
 disciplines the impulses and reviews   
for ready co-action reason's powers4 ,so
 high did the ancients in their sense   

regard it1 that they elevated it to a   
divinity--,nullum numen adest si sit    
,prudentia1 though1 as ,addison         
observes1 this sort of discretion has no
 place in private conversation between  
intimate friends4 ,it occupies a neutral
 ground between caution and art1 uses   
expediency instead of integrity1 and    
hence deceives us by the first1 when we 
look for the consistency of the latter4 
,almost ever combined with conceit 7the 
pride of questionable success71 it never
 possesses the magnanimity to confess an
 error2 for this detracting from its    
arrogated infallibility might           
deteriorate its influence3 it will      
acknowledge vices 7if polite71 but will 
never plead guilty to mistakes1 since   
the grossest charge against the man of  
tact at the bar of self1 much more of   
public judgment1 is not the perpetration
 of a sin--but the commission of a      
blunder6     ,from the ,revue des ,deux 
,mondes4  ,a ,,wreck ,,of ,,the ,,old   
,,french ,,aristocracy4  ,,an ,,incident

 ,,of ,,travel ,,in ,,the ,,limousin4   
,it is truly a great mistake to measure 
the interest of a journey by its        
duration1 and that of a country by its  
remoteness2 and one is deceived in      
supposing that it is necessary to go    
afar in quest of adventures1 and make a 
voyage two years long in order to see   
curious sights4 ,there is a certain     
author who has made a journey around his
 room more fruitful in incidents of all 
descriptions than the numberless voyages
 of an infinity of sailors that ,i know2
 and one may make1 thank heaven6 many an
 interesting trip without passing beyond
 the neighboring shores from which ,la  
,fontaine forbids us to wander4 ,the    
only thing is1 that it is less easy to  
travel after this fashion than the      
other1 and that it requires a lengthened
 preparation4  ,in order to observe     
skilfully1 one must be accustomed to    
look around one4 ,we scarcely become    
curious except after long habit1 and1   
strange to say1 our curiosity seems to  

increase in proportion as we satisfy it4
 ,when we know a great deal we desire to
 know still more1 and it is remarkable  
that those alone desire to see no sights
 who have never had any sights to see4  
,moreover1 it is necessary to have      
contemplated the grandest spectacles of 
nature in order to understand and love  
her least conspicuous wonders2 for      
nature does not surrender herself to the
 first comer4 ,she is a chaste and      
severe divinity1 who admits to her      
intimacy those alone who have deserved  
it by long contemplations and a constant
 worship3 and ,i firmly believe that it 
is necessary to have travelled round the
 world in order profitably and agreeably
 to make the tour of one's garden4 ,if  
many years of youth spent in wandering  
by land and sea1 can render me an       
authority in regard to travels1 then am 
,i justified in declaring1 that in none 
of my more distant courses have ,i found
 more interest and pleasure than in the 
little trip ,i am now about to narrate4 

,there were1 then1 four of us1 all alike
 young1 gay1 active1 clad in shooting   
costume1 going straight ahead1 without  
fixed plan or preconcerted itinerary1   
marching at hap-hazard in these desert  
landes1 respiring freely the pungent    
odor of the broom1 roaming from hill to 
hill without other rallying point than  
the top of a mountain which pointed out 
the direction of the low lands4 ,after  
four hours' walk we discovered that this
 mountain was still very far distant1   
and that the sun was sinking below the  
horizon4 ,we had already left behind us 
the wildest part of the department of   
the ,correze4 ,to woods of pine and     
birch succeeded enormous chestnut-trees2
 the sterile heath gave place to        
cultivated fields4 ,here and there some 
houses displayed their straw-colored    
roofs1 and some scattered laborers      
beheld us pass by with gaping suspicion4
 ,to tell the truth1 we had all of us a 
tolerably gallows look4 ,in this        
wretched country1 where every one lives 

on from day to day without quitting his 
little inclosure1 without even hearing  
an echo from afar1 four bearded         
marauders like ourselves1 avoiding the  
beaten road1 and marching rapidly across
 stubble and thicket1 presented no      
ordinary rencontre4 ,all on a sudden the
 clouds began to gather1 and1 by way of 
varying our sensations1 a terrific      
tempest burst over our heads4 ,it was   
the first incident of our journey4      
,drenched through in a moment by this   
diluvian rain1 we rushed1 with the ardor
 of soldiers mounting a breach1 towards 
a village perched like a magpie's nest  
on the summit of the hill we were       
ascending4 ,a house of capacious size1  
but of dismal and ruinous appearance1   
arose before us4 ,we rushed in at a     
charging pace1 and found that it was    
deserted1 except that near the hearth1  
where smouldered the embers of the most 
miserable fire in the world1 an infant  
was deposited in1 or rather tied to1 his
 cradle1 according to the fashion of the

 country4 ,by the aid of a stout bandage
 they had swaddled him up like a mummy1 
and duly sealed him to the planks of the
 little box1 which served him for a bed4
 ,in addition1 his head was carefully   
turned toward the fire1 so that his     
cranium was in a state of continual     
ebullition1 such being the appointed    
regimen of the neighborhood4 ,at the    
sight of our strange visages1 the little
 one1 after staring at us for a moment  
or two1 proceeded to utter the most     
lamentable outcries4 ,i rocked his      
cradle with the most paternal           
solicitude1 but could not succeed in    
quieting him4 ,on the contrary1 his     
screams became positively heart-rending1
 and we were almost ready to smother him
 outright in order to put a stop to his 
roaring4 ,at this summons a woman       
entered abruptly into the house1 and    
stared at us with an expression of      
alarm4 ,it was incumbent on us to       
explain that we were no pilferers1 and  
this was no easy matter4 ,the young     

mother evidently looked on us with      
suspicion4 ,she was not altogether a    
mere peasant1--at least she wore1       
instead of the little straw hat trimmed 
with black velvet1 which is the ordinary
 head-dress of the countrywomen1 a      
bonnet1 which in the ,limousin is a     
certain indication of pretensions to the
 rank of the bourgeoise4 ,her robe1     
besides1 however inelegant it might be1 
was nevertheless town-made4  ,these     
matters ,i noticed at a glance1 whilst  
one of my companions gave the needful   
explanations as to our pacific          
intentions4 ,our hostess pretended to be
 satisfied4 ,she removed the cradle1    
threw some shavings into the fire to    
revive it1 and sat herself down with a  
cold1 constrained manner1 in which ,i   
could discover at once considerable     
embarrassment1 accompanied by a certain 
air of dignity4 ,never had ,i seen a    
,limousin peasant take a seat in the    
presence of gentlemen1 and ,i speedily  
made another discovery which not a      

little perplexed me4 ,the fire as it    
revived had thrown a glow upon the      
hearthstone1 which was of cast-iron1 and
 presented a large armorial escutcheon4 
,this display astonished me4 ,i looked  
round again at the smoke-dried kitchen  
in which we sat2 it was a miserable     
place4 ,the ceiling was falling         
piecemeal2 in the pavement1 disjointed  
and worn1 were three or four muddy holes
 but rarely cleared out1 the dampness of
 which was kept up by the continual     
dripping of a dozen cream cheeses1      
suspended in a long basket of osiers4   
,two beds1 a large table1 and a few     
dilapidated chairs1 composed the        
furniture of the apartment1 which was   
pervaded by a sour and offensive smell1 
apparently very attractive to a huge sow
 whose grunting snout was ever and anon 
thrust into the entrance of the doorway4
 ,whence1 then1 this curious            
hearthstone8 ,i looked more attentively 
at the young woman1 and discovered in   
her countenance a certain air of        

distinction4 ,i then inquired of her at 
what place we were4  ,monsieur is       
jesting at me1 doubtless1 she pretty    
sharply replied4  ,i assured her ,i had 
no such intention1 and was really       
ignorant of the name of the village4    
,it is not a village1 sir1 she resumed1 
it is a town4 ,you are at the ,puy      
d',arnac1 in the ,canton of ,beaulieu4  
,a native of ,marseilles would hardly   
have named the ,canebiere with greater  
satisfaction4 ,i knew that the ,puy     
d',arnac gave its name to a celebrated  
growth of the ,correze1 and ,i thought  
,i understood the lofty tone of the     
reply4 ,all on a sudden1 one of my      
companions1 whom we nicknamed the       
,broker1 because he groped into all     
sorts of places1 and1 with amusing      
perseverance1 hunted out objects of art 
and curiosity even in hovels1 touched my
 elbow1 and asked me if ,i had noticed  
the picture which was half-hidden under 
the serge curtains of one of the beds4  
,i had not yet observed it1 and got up  

to look at it4 ,it was the portrait of a
 general officer of the time of ,louis  
,,xv4 ,the frame1 sculptured and gilt1  
struck me still more1 being really      
beautiful4 ,this is a discovery indeed1 
said my friend to me1 while ,i inquired 
of the young woman where such a portrait
 could have come from4  ,where could it 
have come from1 ,monsieur8 she haughtily
 replied2 it is the portrait of my      
grandfather4  ,aha6 we exclaimed1 all   
four of us1 turning ourselves round with
 surprise4 ,with one hand our hostess   
stirred the fire1 with an indifference  
evidently affected1 while with the other
 she rocked the little box in which her 
infant was asleep4  ,might ,i presume to
 inquire the name of ,monsieur your     
grandfather8 said ,i1 drawing near to   
her4  ,he was the ,count of ,anteroches1
 was her reply4  ,what1 the ,count of   
,anteroches1 who commanded the ,french  
guards at the battle of ,fontenoy8#e    
,you have heard him spoken of1 then8    
resumed the peasant girl1 with a smile4 

,my friend the ,broker stood as if      
stupefied before the picture4 ,all of a 
sudden he wheeled round1 and1 gravely   
removing his cap1 repeated with a       
theatrical air the celebrated saying of 
,m4 d',anteroches1--,fire first1        
,messieurs les ,anglais2 we are         
,frenchmen1 and must do you the honors6 
,this anecdote is1 to my thinking1 the  
most charming and most thoroughly       
stamped with the image of the age of any
 recorded in history4 ,with regard to   
these celebrated sayings uttered in     
battles1 ,i must indeed confess that ,i 
am very skeptical4 ,little as ,i may be 
of a soldier1 ,i have a notion that it  
is not in an engagement as at the       
,olympic ,circus1 and that in the midst 
of fire1 smoke1 and musketry1 generals  
must have other work on their hands than
 to utter these pretty epigrams1 which  
there is moreover no shorthand writer at
 hand to take down4 ,i know that        
,cambronne was annoyed when they        
recalled to him his splendid exclamation

 at ,waterloo1 ,la garde meurt et ne se 
rend pas6 7,the guard dies1 and does not
 surrender67 an invention the more      
clumsy1 said he1 that ,i am not yet     
dead1 and that ,i really did surrender4 
,i have even discovered that this saying
 was invented by a member of the        
,institute1 for the greater satisfaction
 of the readers of the ,yellow ,dwarf1  
in which he wrote1 in #ahae1 together   
with ,benjamin ,constant and many other 
celebrated malcontents4#f ,the speeches 
of ,leonidas find me equally            
incredulous4 ,but1 wheresoever they may 
come from1 ,i delight in these          
anecdotes1 which personify an entire    
epoch1 and engrave it upon the memory   
with a single stroke4 ,we may defy the  
historian who seeks to characterize the 
end of the last century and the         
beginning of the present1 to find two   
epigrams more striking than the words   
attributed to ,anteroches and           
,cambronne--to two ,french officers--one
 commanding the ,french guards1 the     

other the old guard2 both fighting for  
their country1 at an interval of seventy
 years1 with the same enemy1 and on the 
same ground3 for it is a singular       
coincidence that ,fontenoy and ,waterloo
 are but little distant from each other1
 and ,heaven saw fit to ordain that the 
game of success and reverse should be   
played out almost upon the same fields4 
,fire first1 ,messieurs les ,anglais6   
,is it not the type of that easy and    
adorable1 that ironical and blase       
nobility1 who pushed the contempt of    
life even to insanity1 and the worship  
of courtesy and honor even to the       
sublime8--who endowed their country with
 such a renown for elegance1            
high-breeding1 and gallantry1 that all  
its demagogic saturnalia never have     
effaced it1 and never will8--a nobility 
reckless1 if you please1 but assuredly  
charming1 and perfectly ,french withal1 
who gayly passed through life without   
ever doing the morrow the honor of      
thinking about it1 and who1 beholding   

one day the earth give way beneath their
 feet1 looked into the abyss without a  
wink1 without alarming themselves1      
without belying themselves1 and went    
down alive and whole into the gulf1     
disdaining all defence1 without fear1 if
 not without reproach4  ,between the    
saying of ,anteroches and that of       
,cambronne there is a great gap2 we find
 that the revolution has passed through 
it4 ,the gentleman1 refined even to     
exaggeration1 has disappeared1 and we   
have instead the rude language of       
democracy--,la garde meurt et ne se rend
 pas--this is heroism1 no doubt1 but    
heroism of another sort4 ,never did the 
chauvinism of this present time light   
upon a more cornelian device1 but do you
 not see in it the theatrical           
affectation1 the melo-dramatic emphasis 
of another race8 ,that he had no fear of
 death1 and no idea of                  
surrendering--this is what the gentleman
 of ,fontenoy had no intention of       
declaring2 it ought to have been well   

known--his followers had already given  
proof of it for ages past4 ,to be brave 
alone to him was nothing--he must be as 
elegant in battle as he was at the ball4
 ,what signified death to that          
incomparable race who afterwards        
composed madrigals in prison1 and       
ascended the scaffold with a smile1     
their step elastic1 and their hand in   
the waistcoat pocket1 a cocked hat under
 their arm1 and a rose-bud between their
 lips8 ,this epoch was personified in my
 eyes by the handsome and gentle        
countenance of the ,count of            
,anteroches4 ,after more than a hundred 
years ,i had discovered by chance1      
myself1 an obscure wayfarer1 in an      
unknown and miserable cabin1 where his  
grand-daughter was living in the midst  
of her poultry1 the portrait of this    
brilliant officer1 to whose name will   
ever attach an elegant and charming     
renown2 for if1 like ,cambronne1        
,anteroches did not really utter the    
words attributed to him1 they have still

 been lent to him1 and if thus lent1    
assuredly because there were grounds for
 it4  ,after these over-lengthy         
reflections1 ,i turned toward the       
peasant woman1 who now inspired me with 
profound commiseration4 ,she continued  
to rock to and fro her bandaged infant1 
who was in very right and deed the      
,count of ,anteroches4 ,i inquired what 
was the occupation of her husband4  ,he 
is dead1 she replied2 ,i was better off 
during his lifetime4 ,he was a gendarme1
 ,monsieur4  ,a gendarme6 ,i repeated   
with surprise4  ,yes1 replied ,madame   
d',anteroches1 who understood not the   
cause of my astonishment1 he had even   
passed as a brigadier during his latter 
years3 we managed our little affairs    
very comfortably4  ,he was a brigadier  
of gendarmerie--content to be so--he    
managed his little affairs very         
comfortably--and his grandfather1 as ,i 
find it in the ,military ,records of    
,france1 had been named ,marshal on the 
#beth of ,july1 #agfb2 at the same time 

as the ,marquis of ,boufflers and the   
,duke of ,mazarine6 ,would not the      
rabble of ,paris do well to inquire a   
little before exclaiming so loudly      
against the privileges of the           
aristocracy8 ,moreover1 it seems to me  
that the government of ,france should   
not allow the grandchildren of the      
,count of ,anteroches to be sunk--as    
they are--into deplorable indigence4    
,apocryphal or otherwise the epigram of 
,fontenoy should at least be worth      
subsistence to all who bear this name4  
,many enjoy pensions and are maintained 
by ,france1 who would find it very      
difficult to produce a similar claim1   
and the new republic would act wisely by
 repairing1 when occasion turns up1 the 
injustices of her eldest sister4  ,but  
it was now high time for us to leave4   
,it was evident that we embarrassed our 
hostess1 and since we had discovered her
 name we were no less embarrassed       
ourselves4 ,i could not get over her    
coarse stuff gown1 her filthy kitchen1  

and her familiar sow4 ,it would have    
been cruel to ask for her hospitality1  
and how could we offer to pay our score8
 ,besides1 we knew that a rich          
proprietor of our acquaintance resided  
not far from ,puy d',arnac2 we1         
therefore1 took our leave of the        
high-born peasant with many excuses and 
thanks4 ,at the moment ,i passed the    
threshold1 ,i cast a parting glance upon
 the portrait4 ,the fire lighted it up  
at that instant with so singular a      
brilliancy that it almost appeared      
animated4 ,it seemed as if the          
countenance of ,m4 d',anteroches was    
alive1 and that the handsome officer    
looked sadly down from the height of his
 gilded frame upon the utter misery of  
his descendants4 ,oh6 decadence6        
decadence of ,france6 ,i exclaimed to   
myself1 and rushed bravely forth with my
 companions into the pelting rain4      
,,footnotes3  #e ,fontenoy1 we should   
here observe1 is1 we believe1 the only  
battle in which the ,english were       

defeated by the ,french1 and it is1 of  
course1 a subject of no little          
glorification with our neighbors4  #f   
,the well-known burst of the ,duke of   
,wellington at ,waterloo1 ,up1 guards1  
and at them6 has been declared1 upon the
 best authority1 namely1 his own1 to be 
no less apocryphal than those           
above-mentioned4     ,from ,fraser's    
,magazine  ,,the ,,cloister-,,life ,,of 
,,the ,,emperor ,,charles ,v4   ,the    
#bhth of ,september1 #aeef1 was a great 
day in the annals of ,laredo1 in        
,biscay4 ,once a commercial station of  
the ,romans1 and1 in later times1 the   
naval arsenal whence ,st4 ,ferdinand    
sailed to the ,guadalquivir and the     
conquest of ,seville1 its haven is now  
so decayed and sand-choked1 that it can 
scarcely afford shelter to a            
fishing-craft4 ,here1 however1 on the   
day in question1 three centuries ago1 a 
fleet of seventy ,flemish and ,spanish  
sail cast anchor4 ,from a frigate       
bearing the imperial standard of the    

house of ,austria came a group of       
gentlemen and ladies1 of whom the       
principal personage was a spare and     
sallow man1 past the middle age1 and    
plainly attired in mourning4 ,he was    
received at the landing-place by the    
bishop of ,salamanca and some           
attendants1 and being worn with         
suffering and fatigue1 he was carried up
 from the boat in a chair4 ,by his side 
walked two ladies1 in widows' weeds1 who
 appeared to be about the same age as   
himself1 and whose pale features1 both  
in cast and expression1 strongly        
resembled his own4 ,since ,columbus     
stepped ashore at ,palos1 with his red  
men from the ,new ,world1 ,spain had    
seen no debarkation so remarkable2 for  
the voyagers were1 the emperor ,charles 
,v4 and his sisters1 ,mary queen of     
,hungary1 and ,eleanor1 queen of        
,portugal and ,france1 now on their way 
from ,brussels1 where they had made     
their last appearance on the stage of   
the world1 to those ,spanish cloisters1 

wherein they had resolved to await the  
hour when the curtain should drop on    
life itself4  ,charles himself appears  
to have been powerfully affected by the 
scene and circumstances around him4     
,kneeling upon the long-desired soil of 
,spain1 he is said to have kissed the   
earth1 ejaculating1 ,i salute thee1 ,o  
common mother6 ,naked came ,i forth of  
the womb to receive the treasures of the
 earth1 and naked am ,i about to return 
to the bosom of the universal mother4   
,he then drew from his bosom the        
crucifix which he always wore1 and      
kissing it devoutly1 returned thanks to 
the ,saviour for having thus brought him
 in safety to the wished-for haven4 ,the
 ocean itself furnished its comment upon
 the irretraceable step which he had    
taken4 ,from ,flushing to ,laredo1 the  
weather had been calm1 and the voyage   
prosperous3 but the evening of the day  
of landing closed with a storm1 which   
shattered and dispersed the fleet1 and  
sunk the frigate which the emperor had  

quitted a few hours before4 ,this       
accident must have recalled to his      
recollection a similar escape which he  
had made many years before on his       
coronation-day at ,bologna4 ,there he   
had just passed through a wooden gallery
 which connected his palace with the    
church where the pope and the crown     
awaited him1 when the props upon which  
the structure rested gave way1 and it   
fell with a sudden crash1 killing       
several persons in the street below4    
,the emperor's first care1 after        
landing1 was to send a message to the   
general of the order of ,st4 ,jerome1   
requiring his attendance at ,valladolid1
 and desiring that no time might be lost
 in preparing the convent of ,yuste for 
his reception4 ,he himself set forward1 
as soon as he was able1 and was carried 
sometimes in a horse-litter1 sometimes  
in a chair on men's shoulders1 by slow  
and painful stages to ,burgos4 ,near    
that ancient city he was met by the     
constable of ,castille1 ,pedro          

,fernandez de ,velasco1 who lodged him  
for some days in the noble palace of his
 family1 known as the ,casa del ,cordon1
 from a massive cord of ,st4 ,francis1  
wrought in stone1 with which the        
architect has adorned and protected the 
great portal4 ,the little town of       
,duenas was the next resting-place1 and 
there its lord1 the count of ,buendia1  
did the honors of his feudal castle on  
the adjacent height rising abruptly from
 the bare plains of the ,arlanzon4 ,at  
,torquemada1 the royal party was        
received by the bishop of the diocese1  
,pedro de ,gasca1 a divine1 whose       
skilful diplomacy1 in repressing a      
formidable rebellion1 had saved ,peru to
 ,castille1 and who had lately been     
rewarded by the emperor with the mitre  
of ,palencia4 ,but in spite of these    
demonstrations of respect and gratitude1
 ,charles was made painfully sensible of
 the change which his own act had       
wrought in his condition4 ,the barons   
and the great churchmen1 who1 a few     

months before1 would have flocked from  
all parts to do him honor1 now appeared 
in very scanty numbers1 or they         
permitted him to pass unnoticed through 
the lands and by the homes which they   
perhaps owed to his bounty4 ,he and his 
sister ,eleanor must have remembered    
with a sigh the time when he first set  
foot in ,spain1 thirty-eight years      
before1 and found the shores of         
,asturias1 and the highways of          
,castille1 thronged with loyal crowds1  
hastening to tender their homage4 ,in   
the forgetfulness of the new generation1
 he may also have been reminded how he  
himself had treated1 with coldness and  
slighting1 the great cardinal ,ximenes1 
who had worn out his declining years in 
defending and maintaining the           
prerogatives of the catholic crown4 ,his
 long and varied experience of men made 
him incapable of deriving any pleasure  
from their applause1 but not altogether 
incapable of being pained by their      
neglect4 ,his pride was hurt at finding 

himself so quickly forgotten2 and he is 
said to have evinced a bitter sense of  
the surprise1 by the remark1 ,i might   
well say that ,i was naked6 ,it is      
probable1 therefore1 that he declined   
the honors of a public entry into       
,valladolid1 not merely from a desire to
 shun the pomps and vanities of state1  
but also from a secret apprehension that
 it might prove but a pitiful shadow of 
former pageants4 ,that the citizens     
might not be balked of their show1 while
 the emperor entered privately on the   
#bcrd of ,october1 it was agreed that   
the two queens1 his sisters1 should make
 their appearance there in a public     
manner the next day4  ,valladolid was at
 that time the opulent and flourishing  
capital of ,spain1 and the seat of      
government1 carried on under the regency
 of the emperor's daughter1 ,juanna4    
,this young princess was the widow of   
the prince of ,brazil1 heir-apparent of 
the crown of ,portugal1 and mother of   
the unfortunate king ,sebastian4 ,she   

performed the duties of her high place  
with great prudence1 firmness1 and      
moderation2 but with this peculiarity1  
that she appeared at her public         
receptions closely veiled1 allowing her 
face to be seen only for a moment1 that 
the foreign ambassadors might be        
satisfied of her personal identity4     
,with her nephew1 ,don ,carlos1 then a  
boy of ten years old1 by her side1 the  
,infanta met her father on the staircase
 of the palace of the ,count of ,melito1
 which he had chosen for his place of   
sojourn4 ,the day following1 the arrival
 of the two queens was celebrated by a  
grand procession1 and by an evening     
banquet and ball in the royal palace1 at
 which the emperor appears to have been 
present4 ,some few of the grandees1 the 
,admiral and the ,constable of          
,castille1 ,benavente1 ,astorga1 ,sesa1 
and others1 were there to do honor to   
their ancient lord1 whose hand was also 
kissed in due form by the members of the
 council of ,castille4 ,at this ball1 or

 perhaps at some later festivity1       
,charles caused the wives of all his    
personal attendants to be assembled     
around him1 and bade each1 in           
particular1 farewell4 ,perico de ,sant  
,erbas1 a famous jester of the court1   
passing by at the moment1 the emperor   
good-humoredly saluted him by taking off
 his hat4 ,what6 do you uncover to me8  
said the bitter fool2 does it mean that 
you are no longer emperor8 ,no1 ,pedro1 
replied the object of the jest2 it means
 that ,i have nothing to give you beyond
 this courtesy4  ,during his stay of ten
 days1 ,charles bestowed but a passing  
glance on the machine of government over
 which he had so long presided1 and     
which was now directed by his demure    
daughter4 ,the secretary of the council1
 ,juan ,vazquez de ,molina1 an old and  
trusted servant of his own1 was the only
 public man with whom he held any       
confidential converse4 ,the new rooms   
which he had caused to be erected at    
,yuste1 and the ordering of his life    

there1 were now of more moment to him   
than the movements of the leaguers in   
,flanders1 or the state of opinion in   
,germany4 ,he therefore gave frequent   
audiences to ,francisco de ,tofino1 the 
general of the ,jeromites1 and to ,fray 
,martin de ,angulo1 prior of ,yuste4    
,having resolved that his solitude      
should be shared by his natural son1    
,don ,juan of ,austria1 a nameless lad  
of ten1 then living in the family of his
 mayordomo1 ,luis de ,quixada1 he       
despatched that trusty follower to      
remove his household from ,castille to  
,estremadura4  ,it was at ,valladolid   
that ,charles saw for the first and last
 time the ill-fated child who bore his  
name1 and had the prospect one day of   
wearing some of his crowns4 ,although   
only ten years old1 ,don ,carlos had    
already shown symptoms of the mental    
malady which darkened the long life of  
queen ,juana1 his great-grandmother by  
the side both of his father1 ,philip of 
,spain1 and of his mother1 ,mary of     

,portugal4 ,of a sullen and passionate  
temper1 he lived in a state of perpetual
 rebellion against his aunt1 and        
displayed in the nursery the weakly     
mischievous spirit which marked his     
short career at his father's court4 ,his
 grandfather appears not to have        
suspected that his mind was diseased1   
but to have regarded him as a forward   
and untractable child1 whose future     
interests would be best served by an    
unsparing use of the rod4 ,he therefore 
recommended increased severity of       
discipline1 and remarked to his sisters1
 that he had observed with concern the  
boy's unpromising conduct and manners1  
and that it was very doubtful how the   
man would turn out4 ,this opinion was   
conveyed by queen ,eleanor to ,philip   
,,ii41 who had requested his aunt to    
note carefully the impression left by   
his son on the emperor's mind2 and it is
 said to have laid the foundation for   
the aversion which the king entertained 
towards ,carlos4 ,following the advice  

of her father1 the ,infanta soon after  
ordered the removal of the prince to    
,burgos2 but the plague breaking out in 
that city1 he was sent1 by an ominous   
chance1 to ,tordesillas1 to the palace  
from whose windows the unhappy ,juana1  
dead to the living world1 had gazed for 
forty-seven years at the sepulchre of   
her fair and faithless lord4  ,a sojourn
 of about ten days at ,valladolid       
sufficed the emperor for rest1 and for  
the preparations for his journey4 ,his  
daughter was occupied with the duties of
 administration2 and of his sisters he  
appears to have seen enough on the way  
from ,flanders4 ,whether it was that he 
was weary of these royal matrons1 or    
that he regarded their society as a     
worldly enjoyment which he ought to     
forego1 he declined their proposal to   
come and reside near his retreat1 at    
,plasencia4 ,after much debate1 they    
finally chose ,guadalaxara as their     
residence1 where they quarelled with the
 duke of ,infantado for refusing them   

his palace1 and went to open war with   
the alcalde for imprisoning one of their
 serving-men4  ,early in ,november1#g   
their brother set out on his last       
earthly journey4 ,the distance from     
,valladolid to ,yuste was between forty 
and fifty leagues1 or somewhere between 
#acj and #aej ,english miles4 ,the route
 taken has not been specified by the    
emperor's biographers4 ,the best and the
 easiest road lay through ,salamanca and
 ,plasencia4 ,but as he does not appear 
to have passed through the latter city1 
he probably likewise avoided the former1
 and the pageants and orations with     
which the doctors of the great          
university would have delighted to      
celebrate his visit4 ,in that case1 he  
must have taken the road by ,medina del 
,campo and ,penaranda4 ,at ,medina he   
doubtless was lodged in the fine old    
palace of the crown1 called the ,torre  
de ,mota1 where1 fifty years before1 his
 grandmother1 ,isabella the ,catholic1  
ended her noble life and glorious reign2

 and at ,penaranda he was probably      
entertained in the mansion of the       
,bracamontes4 ,these two towns rise like
 islands in their naked undulating      
plains1 covered partly with corn1 partly
 with marshy heath4 ,southward1 the     
country is clothed with straggling woods
 of evergreen oak1 becoming denser at   
the base and on the lower slopes of the 
wild ,sierra of ,bejar1 the centre of   
that mountain chain which forms the     
backbone of the ,peninsula1 extending   
from ,moncayo in ,aragon1 to the ,rock  
of ,lisbon on the ,atlantic4 ,at the    
alpine town of ,bejar1 cresting a bold  
height1 and overhanging a tumbling      
stream1 the great family of the         
,zunigas1 created dukes of the place by 
,isabella1 and known to fame in arts and
 arms and the dedication of ,don        
,quixote1 possess a noble castle1 ruined
 by the ,french1 which there can be     
little doubt served as a halting-place  
for the imperial pilgrim4 ,he advanced  
by very short stages1 travelling in a   

litter1 and often suffering great pain4 
,but his spirits rose as he neared the  
desired haven4 ,in the craggy gorge of  
,puertonuevo1 as he was being carried   
over some unusually difficult ground in 
a chair1 his attendants were deploring  
the extreme ruggedness of the pass4 ,i  
shall never have to go through another1 
said he1 and truly it is worth enduring 
some pain to reach so sweet and healthy 
a resting place as ,yuste4 ,having      
crossed the mountains without mischance1
 he arrived on the eleventh of          
,november1 ,st4 ,martin's day1 at       
,xarandilla1 a little village at the    
foot of the steep ,penanegra1 and then1 
as now1 chiefly peopled with swineherds1
 whose pigs1 feeding in the surrounding 
forests1 maintain the fame of           
porciferous ,estremadura4 ,here he took 
up his abode in the castle of the count 
of ,oropesa1 head of a powerful branch  
of the great house of ,toledo1 and      
feudal lord of ,xarandilla4  ,this      
visit1 which was intended to be brief1  

was prolonged for nearly three months4  
,before entering the cloister of ,yuste1
 the emperor wished to pay off the      
greater part of his retinue4 ,but for   
this purpose money was needful1 and     
money was the one thing always wanting  
in the affairs of ,spain4 ,the delay    
which took place in providing it on this
 occasion has often been cited as an    
instance of the ingratitude of ,philip  
,,ii42 but it is probable that a bare   
exchequer and a clumsy system of        
finance1 which crippled his actions as a
 king1 have also blackened his character
 as a son4  ,the emperor endured the    
annoyance with his usual coolness4 ,on  
his arrival at the castle1 he was waited
 on by the prior of ,yuste1 with whom he
 had already become acquainted at       
,valladolid4 ,he afterwards repaid the  
attention by making a forenoon excursion
 to ,yuste1 and inspecting more         
carefully the spot which his memory and 
his hope had so long pictured as the    
sweetest nook in a world of             

disappointment4 ,this visit took place  
on the #bc;d of ,november1 ,st4         
,catharine's day4 ,on alighting at the  
convent1 ,charles immediately repaired  
to the church1 and prayed there awhile2 
after which1 he was conducted over the  
monastic buildings1 and then over the   
new apartments which had been erected   
for his reception4 ,the plan of this    
addition had been made by the architect1
 ,gaspar de ,vega1 from a sketch1 it is 
said1 drawn by the emperor's own hand4  
,he now expressed himself as quite      
satisfied with the accuracy with which  
his ideas had been wrought out1 and     
returned through the wintry woods in    
high good humor4  ,the arrival at       
,xarandilla of ,luis ,quixada1 with ,don
 ,juan of ,austria1 was another of those
 little incidents which had become great
 events in the life of ,charles4 ,as he 
did not choose during his life to       
acknowledge the youth as his son1 the   
future hero of ,lepanto passed for the  
page of ,quixada1 and was presented to  

his father as bearer of an offering from
 ,dona ,magdalena de ,ulloa4 ,he was    
then in his twelfth year1 and was       
remarkable for his personal beauty and  
his engaging manners4 ,these so         
captivated ,charles1 that he ever       
afterwards liked to have the boy about  
him2 and it was one of the few solaces  
of his solitude to note the princely    
promise of this unknown son of his old  
age4  ,at length1 the tardy treasury    
messenger arrived1 bearing a bag of     
thirty thousand ducats for the former   
possessor of ,mexico and ,peru4 ,the    
emperor was now enabled to pay their    
wages to the servants whom he was about 
to discharge4 ,some of these he         
recommended to the notice of the king or
 the princess-regent2 to others he      
dispensed sparing gratuities in money2  
and so he closed his accounts with the  
world4  ,on the afternoon of the third  
of ,february1 #aeeg1 being the feast of 
,st4 ,blas1 he was lifted into his      
litter for the last time1 and was borne 

westward along the rough mountain track1
 beneath the leafless oaks1 to the      
monastery of ,yuste4 ,he was accompanied
 by the count of ,oropesa1 ,don         
,fernando de ,toledo1 and his own       
personal suite1 including the followers 
whom he had just discharged1 but who    
evinced their respect by attending him  
to his journey's close4 ,the cavalcade  
reached ,yuste about five in the        
evening4 ,prior ,angulo was waiting to  
receive his imperial guest at the gate4 
,on alighting1 the emperor1 being unable
 to walk1 was placed in a chair1 and    
carried to the door of the church4 ,at  
the threshold he was met by the whole   
brotherhood in procession1 chanting the 
,te ,deum to the music of the organ4    
,the altars and the aisle were          
brilliantly lighted up with tapers1 and 
decked with their richest frontals1     
hangings1 and plate4 ,borne through the 
pomp to the steps of the high altar1    
,charles knelt down and returned thanks 
to ,god for the happy termination of his

 journey1 and joined in the vesper      
service of the brotherhood4 ,when that  
was ended1 the friars came to be        
presented to him one by one1 each       
kissing his hand and receiving his      
fraternal embrace4 ,during this         
ceremony1 his departing servants stood  
round1 expressing their emotion by tears
 and lamentations1 which were still     
heard late in the evening1 around the   
gate of the convent4 ,attended by the   
count of ,oropesa and the gentlemen of  
his suite1 ,charles then retired to take
 possession of his new home1 and to     
enter upon that life of prayer and      
repose for which he had so long sighed4 
,the monastery of ,yuste stands on the  
lower slopes of the lofty mountain chain
 which walls towards the north the      
beautiful ,vera1 or valley of           
,plasencia4 ,the city of ,plasencia is  
seated seven leagues to the westward in 
the plains below2 the village of ,quacos
 lies about an ,english mile to the     
south1 towards the foot of the mountain4

 ,the monastery owes its name to a      
streamlet which descends from the       
sierra1 and its origin to the piety of  
one ,sancho ,martin of ,quacos1 who     
granted in #adjb a piece of land to two 
hermits from ,plasencia4 ,here these    
holy men built their cells and planted  
an orchard1 and obtained1 in #adjh1 by  
the favor of the ,infanta ,don          
,fernando1 a bull for the foundation of 
a ,jeromite house in the rule of ,st4   
,augustine4 ,in spite1 however1 of this 
authority1 while the works were still in
 progress1 the friars of a neighboring  
convent1 armed with an order from the   
bishop of ,plasencia1 set upon them and 
dispossessed them of their land and     
unfinished walls1 an act of violence    
against which they appealed to the      
archbishop of ,santiago4 ,the judgment  
of the primate being given in their     
favor1 they next applied for aid to     
their neighbor1 ,garci ,alvarez de      
,toledo1 lord of ,oropesa1 who          
accordingly came forth from his castle  

of ,xarandilla1 and drove out the       
intruders4 ,nor was it only with the    
strong hand that this noble protected   
the young community2 for at the chapter 
of ,st4 ,jerome held at ,guadalupe in   
#adae1 their house would not have been  
received into the order but for his     
generosity in guaranteeing a revenue    
sufficient for the maintenance of a     
prior and twelve brethren under a rule  
in which mendicancy was forbidden4 ,the 
buildings were also erected at his cost1
 and his subsequent benefactions were   
large and frequent4 ,he was therefore   
constituted by the grateful monks       
protector of the convent1 and the       
distinction became hereditary in his    
descendants1 the counts of ,oropesa4    
,their early struggles past1 the        
,jeromites of ,yuste grew and prospered4
 ,gifts and bequests were the chief     
events in their peaceful annals4 ,they  
became patrons of the chapelries and    
hermitages2 they made them orchards and 
olive-groves1 and their corn and wine   

increased4 ,their hostel1 dispensary1   
and other offices1 were patterns of     
monastic comfort and order2 and in due  
time1 they built a new church1 a simple1
 solid1 and spacious structure1 in the  
pointed style4 ,a few years before the  
emperor came to live amongst them1 they 
had added to their small antique        
cloister a new quadrangle of stately    
proportions and elegant classical       
design4  ,though more remarkable for the
 natural beauty around its walls than   
for the vigor of the spiritual life     
within1 ,yuste did not fail to boast of 
its worthies4 ,the prior ,jerome1 a son 
of the great house of ,zuniga1 was cited
 as a model of austere and active       
holiness4 ,the lay brother1 ,melchor de 
,yepes1 crippled in felling a huge      
chesnut-tree in the forest1 was a       
pattern of bed-ridden patience and      
piety4 ,fray ,hernando de ,corral was   
the scholar and book collector of the   
house2 although he was also1 for that   
reason1 perhaps1 considered as scarcely 

of a sound mind4 ,he left many copious  
notes in the fly-leaves of his          
black-letter folios4 ,fray ,juan de     
,xeres1 an old soldier of the great     
,captain1 was distinguished by the gift 
of second-sight1 and was nursed on his  
death-bed by the eleven thousand        
virgins4 ,still more favored was ,fray  
,rodrigo de ,caceres1 for the ,blessed  
,mary herself1 in answer to his repeated
 prayers1 came down in visible shape1   
and received his spirit on the eve of   
the feast of her ,assumption4 ,and prior
 ,diego de ,san ,geronimo was so popular
 in the ,vera as a preacher1 that when  
he grew old and infirm1 the people of   
,garganta la ,olla endeavored to lure   
him to their pulpit by making a road1   
which was called that of ,fray ,diego4  
,in works of charity--that redeeming    
virtue of the monastic system--the      
fathers of ,yuste were diligent and     
bounteous4 ,six hundred fanegas1 or     
about one hundred and twenty quarters of
 wheat1 in ordinary years1 and in years 

of scarcity1 as much as fifteen hundred 
fanegas1 were distributed at the        
convent-gate2 large donations of bread1 
meat1 and oil1 and some money1 were     
made1 either publicly or in private1 by 
the prior1 at ,easter and other         
festivals2 and the sick poor in the     
village of ,quacos were freely supplied 
with food1 medicine1 and advice4  ,the  
lodging1 or palace1 as the friars loved 
to call it1 of the emperor1 was         
constructed under the eye of ,fray      
,antonio de ,villacastin1 a brother of  
the house1 and afterwards well known to 
fame as the master of the works at the  
,escorial4 ,the site of it had been     
inspected in ,may1 #aeed1 by ,philip    
,,ii41 then on his way to ,england to   
marry queen ,mary ,tudor4 ,backed by the
 massive south wall of the church1 the  
building presented its simple front of  
two stories to the garden and the       
noontide sun4 ,each story contained four
 chambers1 two on either side of a      
corridor1 which traverses the structure 

from east to west1 and leads at either  
end into a broad porch1 or covered      
gallery1 supported on pillars1 and open 
to the air4 ,all the rooms were         
furnished with ample fire-places1 in    
accordance with the ,flemish wants and  
ways of the inhabitants4 ,the chambers  
which look on the garden are bright and 
pleasant1 but those on the north side   
are gloomy1 and even dark1 the light    
being admitted only by windows opening  
on the corridor1 or on the external and 
deeply-shadowed porches4 ,charles       
inhabited the upper rooms1 and slept in 
that at the north-east corner1 from     
which a door or window had been cut     
through the church wall1 within the     
chancel1 and close to the high altar4   
,from the eastern porch1 or gallery1 an 
inclined path led down into the garden1 
to save him the fatigue of going up and 
down stairs4 ,his attendants were1 for  
the most part1 lodged in apartments     
built for them near the new cloister2   
and the hostel of the convent was given 

up to the physician1 the bakers1 and the
 brewers4 ,his private rooms being      
surrounded on three sides by the garden1
 he took exclusive possession of that1  
and put it under the care of gardeners  
of his own4 ,the friars established     
their potherbs in a piece of ground to  
the eastward1 behind some tall elm      
trees1 and adjoining the emperor's      
domain1 but separated from it by a high 
wall1 which they caused to be built when
 they found that he wished for complete 
seclusion4  ,time1 with its chances and 
changes1 has dealt rudely with this fair
 home of the monarch and the monk4      
,yuste was sacked in #ahji by the       
,french invader2 and in later years1 the
 ,spanish reformer has annihilated the  
race of picturesque drones1 who1 for a  
while1 re-occupied1 and might have      
repaired the ruins of their pleasant    
hive4 ,of the two cloisters1 the greater
 is choked with the rubbish of its      
fallen upper story1 its richly-carved   
capitals peeping here and there from the

 soil and wild shrubs4 ,two sides of the
 smaller and older cloister still       
stands1 with tottering blackened walls1 
and rotting floors and ceilings4 ,the   
strong1 granite-vaulted church is a     
hollow shell2 the fine wood-work of its 
stalls has been partly used for fuel1   
partly carried off to the parish church 
of ,quacos2 and the beautiful blue and  
yellow tiles which lined the chancel are
 fast dropping from the walls4 ,in the  
emperor's dwelling1 the lower chambers  
are turned into a magazine of firewood1 
and in the rooms above1 where he lived  
and died1 maize and olives are garnered1
 and the silkworm winds its cocoon in   
dust and darkness4 ,but the lovely face 
of nature1 the hill1 the forest1 and the
 field1 the generous soil and the genial
 sky1 remain with charms unchanged1 to  
testify how well the imperial eagle     
chose the nest wherein to fold his      
wearied wings4 ,from the balcony of     
,charles's cabinet the eye ranges over a
 foreground of rounded knolls1 clad in  

walnut and chestnut1 in which the       
mountain dies gently away into the broad
 bosom of the ,vera4 ,not a building is 
in sight1 but a summer-house1 peering   
above mulberry tops1 at the lower side  
of the garden1 and a hermitage of ,our  
,lady of ,solitude1 about a mile        
distant1 hung upon a rocky height1 that 
swells like an isle out of the sea of   
forest4 ,immediately below the windows  
the garden slopes gently to the sun1    
shaded here and there with the massive  
foliage of the fig1 or feathery almond  
boughs1 and breathing perfume from tall 
orange-trees1 cuttings of which some    
monks1 themselves transplanted1 vainly  
strove to keep alive at the bleak       
,escorial4 ,and beyond the west wall1   
filling all the wide space in front of  
the gates of the convent and the palace1
 rises the noble shade of the great     
walnut-tree1 el nogal grande1 of        
,yuste--a forest king1 which has seen   
the hermit's cell rise into a royal     
convent1 and sink into a ruin2 which has

 seen the beginning and the end of the  
,spanish order of ,jerome1 and the      
,spanish dynasty of ,austria4  ,at      
,xarandilla1 ,charles had cast aside the
 last shreds of the purple4 ,the annual 
revenue which he had reserved to himself
 out of the wealth of half the world1   
was twelve thousand ducats1 or about    
fifteen hundred pounds sterling4 ,his   
confidential attendants were eleven in  
number3 ,luis ,quixada1 chamberlain and 
chief of the household2 ,martin         
,gatzelu1 secretary2 ,william ,van      
,male1 gentleman of the chamber2 ,moron1
 gentleman of the chamber and almoner2  
,juan ,gaytan1 steward2 ,henrique       
,matisio ,charles ,pubest1 usher2 and   
two valets4 ,juanelo ,turiano1 an       
,italian engineer1 who had acquired a   
considerable reputation by his hydraulic
 works to supply water to the ,alcazar  
of ,toledo1 was engaged to assist in the
 philosophical experiments and          
mechanical labors which formed the      
emperor's principal amusement4 ,last1   

but not least1 a ,jeromite father from  
,sta4 ,engracia1 at ,zaragoza1 ,fray    
,juan de ,regla1 filled the important   
post of confessor4 ,the lower rank of   
servants1 cooks1 brewers1 bakers1       
grooms1 and scullions1 and a couple of  
laundresses1 swelled the total number of
 his household to about sixty persons1  
an establishment not greater than was   
then maintained by many a private       
hidalgo4  ,the mayordomo1 ,luis         
,quixada1 or1 to give him his entire    
appellation1 ,luis ,mendez ,quixada     
,manuel de ,figueredo y ,mendoza1 is    
worthy of notice1 not only as first     
minister of this tiny court1 but as     
being closely associated with one of the
 greatest names in the military history 
of ,europe4 ,a courtier and soldier from
 his early youth1 he was heir of an     
elder brother1 slain before ,tunis1 who 
had been one of the most distinguished  
captains of the famous infantry of      
,castille2 and he had been himself for  
many years the tried companion-in-arms  

and the trusted personal friend of the  
emperor4 ,in #aedi1 he married ,dona    
,magdalena de ,ulloa1 a lady of ancient 
race and gentlest nature1 with whom he  
retired for a while to his patrimonial  
lordship of ,villagarcia1 near          
,valladolid4  ,on his quitting the court
 at ,brussels1 ,charles confided to his 
care his illegitimate son1 ,don ,juan of
 ,austria1 then a boy of four years old1
 exacting a promise of strict secrecy as
 to his parentage4 ,the boy was         
accordingly brought up with the         
tenderest care by the childless         
,magdalena3 and the secret of his birth 
so well kept1 that she1 for many years1 
suspected him to be the fruit of some   
early attachment of her lord4 ,when the 
emperor retired to ,yuste1 ,quixada     
followed him thither1 removing his      
household from ,villagarcia1 and        
establishing it in the neighborhood of  
the convent1 probably in the village of 
,quacos4  ,he was thus enabled to enjoy 
somewhat of the society of his wife1 and

 the emperor had the gratification of   
seeing his son when he chose4 ,don ,juan
 was now a fine lad1 in his eleventh    
year4 ,he passed amongst the neighbors  
for ,quixada's page1 and remained under 
the guardianship of ,dona ,magdalena1   
whose efforts to imbue him with devotion
 towards the ,blessed ,virgin are       
supposed by his historians to have borne
 good fruit in the banners1 embroidered 
with ,our ,lady's image1 which floated  
from his galleys at ,lepanto4 ,he       
likewise exercised in the ,yuste forest 
the cross-bow1 which had dealt          
destruction amongst the sparrows of     
,leganes1 his early home in ,castille4  
,if the number of servants in the train 
of ,charles should savor1 in this age1  
somewhat of unnecessary parade1 the     
ascetic character of the recluse will be
 redeemed by a glance at the interior of
 his dwelling4 ,the palace of ,yuste1   
when prepared for his reception1 seemed1
 says the historian ,sandoval1 rather to
 have been newly pillaged by the enemy1 

than furnished for a great prince4      
,accustomed from his infancy to the     
finest tapestry designed by ,italian    
pencils for the looms of ,flanders1 he  
now lived within walls entirety bare1   
except in his bedchamber1 which was hung
 with coarse brown or black cloth4 ,the 
sole appliances for rest to be found in 
his apartments were a bed and an old    
arm-chair1 not worth four reals4 ,four  
silver trenchers of the plainest kind1  
for the use of his table1 were the only 
things amongst his goods and chattels   
which could tempt a thief to break      
through and steal4 ,a few choice        
pictures alone remained with him1 as    
memorials of the magnificence which he  
had foregone1 and of the arts which he  
had so loved4 ,over the high altar of   
the convent church1 and within sight of 
his bed1 he is said to have placed that 
celebrated composition known as ,the    
,glory of ,titian1 a picture of the     
,last ,judgment1 in which ,charles1 his 
beautiful empress1 and their royal      

children1 were represented1 in the great
 painter's noblest style1 as entering   
the heavenly mansions of life eternal4  
,he had also brought with him a portrait
 of the empress1 and a picture of ,our  
,lord's ,agony in the ,garden1 likewise 
from the easel of ,titian2 and there is 
now at the ,escorial a masterpiece by   
the same hand--,st4 ,jerome praying in  
his garden1 which is traditionally      
reputed to have hung in his oratory at  
,yuste4  ,from the garden beneath the   
palace windows the emperor's table was  
supplied with fruit and vegetables3 and 
a couple of cows1 grazing in the forest1
 furnished him with milk4 ,a pony and an
 old mule composed the entire stud of   
the prince1 who formerly took peculiar  
pleasure in possessing the stoutest     
chargers of ,guelderland1 and the       
fleetest genets of ,cordova4  ,to atone1
 perhaps1 for such deficiency of        
creature comforts1 the general of the   
,jeromites and the prior of ,yuste had  
been at some pains to provide their     

guest with spiritual luxuries4 ,knowing 
his passionate love of music1 they had  
recruited the force of their choir with 
fourteen or fifteen brethren1           
distinguished for their fine voices and 
musical skill4 ,and for his sole benefit
 and delectation1 they had provided no  
less than three preachers1 the most     
eloquent in the ,spanish fold of        
,jerome4 ,the first of these1 ,fray     
,juan de ,acaloras1 harangued his way to
 the bishopric of the ,canaries2 the    
second1 ,fray ,francisco de ,villalva1  
also obtained by his sermons great fame1
 and the post of chaplain to ,philip    
,,ii42 while the third1 ,fray ,juan de  
,santandres1 though less noted as an    
orator1 was had in reverence as a       
prophet1 having foretold the exact day  
and hour of his own death4  ,a short    
time sufficed for the emperor to        
accustom himself to the simple and      
changeless tenor of monastic life4      
,every morning his confessor appeared at
 his bed-side1 to inquire how he had    

passed the night1 and to assist him in  
his private devotions4 ,at ten he rose1 
and was dressed by his valets2 after    
which he heard mass in the convent      
church4 ,according to his invariable    
habit1 which in ,italy was said to have 
given rise to the saying1 dalla messa1  
alla mensa 7from mass to mess71 he went 
from church to dinner1 about noon4      
,eating had ever been one of his        
favorite pleasures1 and it was now the  
only physical gratification which he    
could still enjoy1 or was unable to     
resist4 ,he continued1 therefore1 to    
dine upon the rich dishes against which 
his ancient and trusty confessor1       
,cardinal ,loaysa1 had vainly protested 
a quarter of a century before4          
,eel-pasties1 anchovies1 and frogs were 
the savory food which he loved1 unwisely
 and too well1 as ,frederick afterwards 
loved his polenta4 ,the meal was long1  
for his teeth were few and far between2 
and his hands1 also1 were much disabled 
by gout1 in spite of which he always    

chose to carve for himself4 ,his        
physician attended him at table1 and at 
least learned the cause of the mischiefs
 which his art was to counteract4 ,while
 he dined1 he conversed with the doctor 
on matters of science1 generally of     
natural history1 and if any difference  
of opinion arose between them1 the      
confessor was sent for to settle the    
point out of ,pliny4 ,when the cloth was
 drawn1 ,fray ,juan de ,regla came to   
read to him1 generally from one of his  
favorite divines1--,augustine1 ,jerome1 
or ,bernard2 an exercise which was      
followed by conversation and an hour of 
slumber4 ,at three o'clock1 the monks   
were assembled in the convent to hear a 
sermon delivered by one of the imperial 
preachers1 or a passage read from the   
,bible1 usually from the epistle to the 
,romans1 the emperor's favorite book4   
,to these discourses or readings        
,charles always listened with profound  
attention2 and if sickness or           
letter-writing prevented his attendance1

 he never failed to send a formal excuse
 to the prior1 and to require from his  
confessor an account of what had been   
preached or read4 ,the rest of the      
afternoon he sometimes whiled away in   
the workshop of ,turriano1 and in the   
construction of pieces of mechanism1    
especially clocks1 of which more than a 
hundred were said1 in one rather        
improbable account1 to tick in the      
emperor's apartments1 and reckon to a   
fraction the hours of his retired       
leisure4 ,sometimes he fed his pet      
birds1 which appear to have taken the   
place of the stately wolf-hounds that   
followed at his heel in the days when he
 sat to ,titian2 or a stroll amongst his
 fruit-trees and flowers filled up the  
time to vespers and supper4 ,at the     
lower end of the garden1 approached by a
 closely shaded path1 there may still be
 seen the ruins of a little             
summer-house1 closely enbowered1 and    
looking out upon the woodlands of the   
,vera4 ,beyond this limit the emperor   

rarely extended his excursions1 which   
were always made1 slowly and painfully1 
on foot2 for the first time that he     
mounted his pony he was seized with a   
violent giddiness1 and almost fell into 
the arms of his attendants4 ,such was   
the last appearance1 in the saddle1 of  
the accomplished cavalier1 of whom his  
troopers used to say1 that had he not   
been born a king1 he would have been the
 prince of light-horsemen1 and whose    
seat and hand excited at ,calais gate   
the admiration of the ,english knights  
fresh from the tournays--      ,where   
,england vied with ,france in pride     
,on the famous field of gold4  ,music1  
which had been one of the chief         
pleasures of his secular life1 continued
 to solace and cheer him to the last4   
,in the conduct of the organ and the    
choir he took the greatest interest1 and
 through the window which opened from   
his bedchamber upon the high altar1 his 
voice might often be heard accompanying 
the chant of the friars4 ,his ear never 

failed to detect a wrong note1 and the  
mouth whence it came2 and he would      
frequently mutter the name of the       
offender1 with the addition of hideputa 
bermejo1 or some other epithet which    
savored rather of the soldier than the  
saint4 ,guerrero1 a chapel-master of    
,seville1 having presented him with his 
book of masses and motets1 he caused one
 of the former to be performed before   
him4 ,when it was ended1 he remarked to 
his confessor that ,guerrero was a      
cunning thief2 and going over the piece1
 he pointed out the plagiarisms with    
which it abounded1 and named the        
composers whose works had suffered      
pillage4  ,in laying down the sceptre1  
,charles had resolved to have no farther
 personal concern with temporal affairs4
 ,the petitioners1 who at first besieged
 his retreat1 soon ceased from troubling
 when they found themselves referred to 
the princess-regent at ,valladolid1 or  
to the king in ,flanders4 ,he declined  
giving any attention to matters beyond  

the walls of the convent1 unless they   
concerned the interests of his children 
or the church4 ,his advice was1 however1
 frequently asked by his son and        
daughter1 and couriers often went and   
came between ,yuste and the courts4 ,but
 with the patronage of the state he     
never interfered1 except on two         
occasions1 when he recommended the case 
of a ,catalonian lady to the favorable  
consideration of the ,infanta1 and asked
 for an order of knighthood for a       
veteran brother in arms4  ,the rites of 
religion now formed the business of his 
life1 and he transacted that business   
with his usual method and regularity4   
,no enthusiast novice was ever more     
solicitous to fulfil to the letter every
 law of his rubric4 ,on the first       
,sunday of his residence at the convent1
 as he went to high mass1 he observed   
the friar who was sprinkling the holy   
water1 hesitate when his turn came to be
 aspersed4 ,taking the hyssop1          
therefore1 from his hand1 he bestowed a 

plentiful shower upon his own face and  
clothes1 saying as he returned the      
instrument1 ,this1 father1 is the way   
you must do it1 next time4 ,another     
friar1 offering the pyx to his lips in a
 similar diffident manner1 he took it   
between his hands1 and not only kissed  
it fervently1 but applied it to his     
forehead and eyes with true oriental    
reverence4 ,although provided with an   
indulgence for eating before communion1 
he never availed himself of it but when 
he was suffering from extreme debility2 
and he always heard two masses on the   
days when he received the eucharist4 ,on
 ,ash ,wednesday1 he required his entire
 household1 down to the meanest         
scullion1 to communicate1 and on these  
occasions he stood on the top step of   
the altar1 to observe that the muster   
was complete4 ,for the benefit of his   
,flemings1 he had a chaplain of their   
country1 who lived at ,xarandilla1 and  
came over at stated times1 when his     
flock were assembled for confession4    

,the emperor himself usually heard mass 
from the window of his bedchamber1 which
 looked into the church2 but at         
complines he went up into the choir with
 the fathers1 and prayed in a devout and
 audible tone1 in his tribune4 ,during  
the season of ,lent1 which came round   
twice during his residence at ,yuste1 he
 regularly appeared in his place in the 
choir1 on ,fridays1 when it was the     
custom of the fraternity to perform     
their discipline in public2 and at the  
end of the appointed prayers1           
extinguishing the taper which he1 like  
the rest1 held in his hand1 he flogged  
himself with such sincerity of purpose1 
that the scourge was stained with blood1
 and the beholders singularly edified4  
,on ,good ,friday1 he went forth at the 
head of his household1 to adore the holy
 cross2 and although he was so infirm   
that he was obliged to be almost carried
 by the men on whom he leaned1 he       
insisted upon prostrating himself three 
times upon the ground1 in the manner of 

the friars1 before he approached the    
blessed symbol with his lips4 ,the feast
 of ,st4 ,matthew1 his birthday--a day  
of great things in his life1--he always 
celebrated with peculiar devotion4 ,he  
appeared at mass1 in a dress of         
ceremony1 and wearing the collar of the 
,fleece2 and at the time of the         
offertory1 he went forward1 and         
expressed his gratitude to ,god by a    
large donation4 ,the church was thronged
 with strangers2 and the crowd who could
 not gain admittance was so great1 that 
one sermon was preached outside1 whilst 
another was being pronounced before the 
emperor and his household within4  ,with
 the friars1 his hosts1 ,charles lived  
on the most familiar and friendly       
footing4 ,when the visitors of the order
 paid their triennial visit of          
inspection to ,yuste1 they represented  
to him1 with all respect1 that his      
majesty himself was the only inmate of  
the convent with whom they had any fault
 to find2 and they entreated him to     

discontinue those benefactions which he 
was in the habit of bestowing on the    
fraternity1 and which the rule of ,st4  
,jerome did not allow his children to   
receive4 ,he knew all the fathers by    
name and by sight1 and frequently       
conversed with them1 as well as with the
 prior4 ,one of his favorites was a     
lay-brother1 called ,alonso ,mudarra1   
once a man of rank and family in the    
world1 and now working out his own      
salvation in the humble post of cook to 
the convent4 ,this worthy had an only   
daughter1 who did not share her father's
 contempt for mundane things4 ,when she 
came with her husband to visit him at   
,yuste1 ,fray ,alonso1 arrayed in his   
dirtiest apron1 thus addressed her3     
,daughter1 behold my gala apparel2      
obedience is now my treasure and my     
pride2 for you1 in your silks and       
vanities1 ,i entertain profound pity4   
,so saying1 he returned to his kitchen1 
and would never see her more3 an effort 
of holiness to which he appears to owe  

his place in the chronicles of the      
order4  ,the emperor was conversing one 
day with his confessor1 ,regla1 when    
that priest chose to speak1 in the      
mitre-shunning cant of his cloth1 of the
 great reluctance which he had felt in  
accepting a post of such weighty        
responsibility4 ,never fear1 said       
,charles1 somewhat maliciously1 and as  
if conscious that he was dealing with a 
hypocrite2 before ,i left ,flanders1    
four doctors were engaged for a whole   
year in easing my conscience2 so you    
have nothing to answer for but what     
happens here4  ,when he had completed a 
year of residence at the convent1 some  
good-humored bantering passed between   
him and the master of the novices about 
its being now time for him to make      
profession2 and he afterwards said that 
he was prevented from taking the vows of
 the order1 and becoming a monk in      
earnest1 only by the state of his       
health4 ,st4 ,blas's day1 #aeeh1 the    
anniversary of his arrival1 was held as 

a festival1 and celebrated by masses1   
the ,te ,deum1 a precession by the      
fathers1 and a sermon by ,villalva4 ,in 
the afternoon1 the emperor gave a       
sumptuous repast to the whole convent1  
out in the fields1 it being the custom  
of the fraternity to celebrate any      
accession to their number by a pic-nic4 
,the country people about ,plasencia    
sent a quantity of partridges and kids  
to aid the feast1 which was likewise    
enlivened by the presence of the        
,flemish servants1 male and female1 and 
his other retainers1 from the village of
 ,quacos4 ,the prior provided a more    
permanent memorial of the day by opening
 a new book for the names of brethren   
admitted into the convent1 on the first 
leaf of which the emperor inscribed his 
name--an autograph which remained the   
pride of the archives till their        
destruction by the dragoons of          
,buonaparte4  ,the retired emperor had  
not many visitors in his solitude2 and  
of these few1 ,juan de ,vega1 president 

of the council of ,castille1 was the    
only personage in high office4 ,he was  
sent down by the princess-regent1       
apparently to see that her father was   
treated with due attention by the       
provincial authorities4 ,but with his   
neighbors1 great and small1 ,charles    
lived in a state of amity which it would
 have been well for the world had he    
been able to maintain with his          
fellow-potentates of ,christendom4 ,the 
few nobles and gentry of the ,vera were 
graciously received when they came to   
pay their respects at ,yuste4 ,oropesa  
and his brothers frequently rode forth  
from ,xarandilla1 to inquire after the  
health of their former guest4 ,from     
,plasencia came a still more            
distinguished and no less welcome guest1
 ,luis de ,avila1 comendador-mayor of   
,alcantara4 ,long the fidus ,achates of 
the emperor1 this soldier-courtier had  
obtained considerable fame by becoming  
his ,quintus ,curtius4 ,his             
,commentaries on the ,wars against the  

,protestants of ,germany1 first         
published in #aedf1 had been several    
times reprinted1 and had already been   
translated into ,latin1 ,french1        
,flemish1 ,english1 and ,italian4       
,having married the wealthy heiress of  
the ,zunigas1 he was now living in      
laurelled ease at ,plasencia1 in that   
fine palace of ,mirabel1 which is still 
one of the chief ornaments of the       
beautiful city4 ,the memoirs of the     
campaigns in ,africa1 which he is said  
to have left in manuscript1 were perhaps
 the occupation of his leisure4 ,charles
 always received his historian with     
kindness1 and it is characteristic of   
the times1 that it was noted as a mark  
of singular favor1 that he ordered a    
capon to be reserved for him from his   
own well-supplied board4 ,it may seem   
strange that a retired prince1 who had  
never been a lover of parade1 should not
 have broken through the ceremonial law 
which condemned a monarch to eat alone4 
,but we must remember that he was a     

,spaniard living amongst ,spaniards2 and
 that1 near a century later1 the force  
of forms was still so strong1 that the  
great minister of ,france1 when most    
wanting in ships1 preferred that the    
,spanish fleet should retire from the   
blockade of ,rochelle rather than that  
the admiral should wear his grandee hat 
in the ,most ,christian presence4  ,the 
emperor was fond of talking over his    
feats of arms with the veteran who had  
shared and recorded them4 ,one day1 in  
the course of such conversation1 ,don   
,luis said he had caused a ceiling of   
his house to be painted in fresco1 with 
a view of the battle of ,renti1 and the 
,frenchmen flying before the soldiers of
 ,castille4 ,not so1 said ,charles2 let 
the painter modify this if he can2 for  
it was no headlong flight1 but an       
honorable retreat4 ,this was not the    
less candid1 that ,french historians    
claim the victory for their own side4   
,considering that the action had been   
fought only three or four years before  

it was said to have been painted1 it is 
possible that ,renti has been           
substituted for the name of some other  
less doubtful field4 ,but ,luis de      
,avila was of easy faith when the honor 
of ,castille was concerned1 and may well
 be supposed capable of setting down a  
success to the wrong account1 when he   
did not hesitate to record it in his    
book1 that the miracle of ,ajalon had   
been repeated at ,muhlberg4 ,some years 
afterwards1 the duke of ,alva1 who had  
been in that battle1 was asked by the   
,french king whether he had observed    
that the sun stood still4 ,i was so busy
 that day1 said the old soldier1 with   
what was passing on earth1 that ,i had  
no time to notice what took place in    
heaven4  ,an anecdote of ,avila and his 
master1 though not falling within the   
period of their retirement to           
,estremadura1 may be related here1 as   
serving to show the characters of the   
two men4 ,some years before his         
abdication1 ,charles had amused the     

leisure of his sick-room by making a    
prose translation of ,olivier de la     
,marches' forgotten allegorical poem1   
,le ,chevalier delibere4 ,he then       
employed ,fernando de ,acunha1 a man of 
letters attached to the ,saxon court1 to
 turn his labors into ,castillian verse1
 and he finally handed it over to       
,william ,van ,male1 one of the         
gentlemen of the chamber1 telling him   
that he might publish it for his own    
benefit4 ,avila and the other           
,spaniards1 hearing of the concession1  
wickedly affected the greatest envy at  
the good fortune of the ,fleming2 the   
historian1 in particular1 in his quality
 of author1 assuring the emperor that   
the publication could not fail to       
realize a profit of five hundred crowns4
 ,that desire to print1 which1 more or  
less developed1 exists in every man who 
writes1 being thus stimulated by the    
suggestion1 that to gratify that desire1
 would be to confer a favor which should
 cost him nothing1 ,charles became      

impatient to see his lucubrations in    
type4 ,insisting that his bounty should 
be accepted at once1 he turned a deaf   
ear to the timid hints of ,van ,male1 as
 to the risk and expense of the         
speculation2 and the end was1 that the  
poor man had to pay ,jean ,steels for   
printing and publishing two thousand    
copies of a book which is now scarce1   
probably because the greater part of the
 impression passed at once from the     
publisher to the pastry-cook4 ,the      
waggery on the part of ,avila was the   
more wicked1 because the victim had     
translated his ,commentaries into ,latin
 for him4 ,it forms1 however1 the       
subject of an agreeable letter1 wherein 
,van ,male complains of the undue       
expectations raised in the emperor's    
mind by his windy ,spaniards1 and       
ruefully looks forward to reaping a     
harvest of mere straw and chaff4  ,it   
was not only by calling at ,yuste that  
the noble lieges of the emperor         
testified their homage4 ,mules were     

driven to his gate laden with more      
substantial tokens of loyalty and       
affection4 ,the ,count of ,oropesa kept 
his table supplied with game from the   
forest and the hill2 and the prelates of
 ,toledo1 ,mondonedo1 ,segovia1 and     
,salamanca1 offered similar proofs that 
they had not forgotten the giver of     
their mitres4 ,the ,jeromites of        
,guadalupe1 rich in sheep and beeves1   
sent calves1 lambs fattened on bread1   
and delicate fruits2 and from his sister
 ,catharine1 queen of ,portugal1 there  
came every fortnight a supply of        
conserves and linen4  ,the villagers of 
,quacos alone furnished some exceptions 
to the respect in which their imperial  
neighbor was held4 ,although they       
received the greater part of the hundred
 ducats which he dispensed every month  
for charitable purposes1 they poached   
the trout in the fish-ponds which had   
been formed for his service in ,garganta
 la ,olla2 and they drove his cows to   
the parish pound whenever they strayed  

beyond their legitimate pastures4 ,one  
fellow having sold the crop on his      
cherry-tree1 at double its value1 to the
 emperor's purveyor1 when he found that 
it was left ungathered for a few days1  
took the opportunity of disposing of it 
a second time to another purchaser1 who1
 of course1 left nothing but bare boughs
 to the rightful owner of the fruit4    
,wearied with these annoyances1 the     
emperor complained to the president of  
,castille1 who administered to the      
district judge1 one ,licentiate ,murga1 
a severe rebuke1 which that functionary1
 in his turn1 visited upon the unruly   
rustics4 ,several culprits were         
apprehended2 but while ,castillian      
justice was taking its deliberate       
course1 some of them who were related to
 friars of ,yuste1 by the influence of  
their friends at court1 got the emperor 
himself to petition that the sentence   
might be light4  ,to his servants       
,charles was a kind and lenient master4 
,he bore patiently with ,adrian the     

cook1 though he left the cinnamon that  
he loved out of the dishes2 and he      
contented himself with mildly           
admonishing ,pelayo1 the baker1 who got 
drunk and neglected his oven1 of which  
the result was burnt bread that sorely  
tried the toothless gums of his master4 
,his old military habits1 however1 still
 adhered to him1 and though gentle in   
his manner of enforcing it1 he was      
something of a martinet in maintaining  
the discipline of his household and the 
convent4 ,nor had he lost that love of  
petty economies which made him sit      
bare-headed in the rain without the     
walls of ,naumburg1 saving a new velvet 
cap under his arm1 while they fetched   
him an old one from the town4 ,observing
 in his walks1 or from his window1 that 
a certain basket daily came and went    
between his garden and the garden of the
 friars1 he caused ,moron to institute  
an examination1 which led to the        
harmless discovery that his ,flemings   
were in the habit of bartering          

egg-plants with the ,jeromites for      
onions4 ,he had also been disturbed by  
suspicious gatherings of young women at 
the convent-gate1 who stood there       
gossiping under pretence of receiving   
alms4 ,when the visitors came their     
rounds1 he therefore brought the matter 
under their notice4 ,the result of the  
complaint was that the conventional dole
 was ordered to be sent round in certain
 portions to the alcaldes of the various
 villages1 for distribution on the spot2
 and1 moreover1 the crier went down the 
straggling1 uneven street of ,quacos1   
making the ungallant proclamation1 that 
any woman who should be found nearer to 
,yuste than a certain oratory1 about two
 gunshots from the gate1 should be      
punished with a hundred stripes4  ,in   
the month of ,september1 #aeeg1 the     
emperor received a visit from his       
sisters1 the queens ,eleanor and ,mary4 
,these royal widows1 weary of           
,guadalaxara1 its unyielding duke1 and  
its troublesome alcalde1 were once more 

in search of a residence4 ,they had cast
 their eyes on the banks of the         
,guadiana1 and they were now on their   
way to that frontier of ,portugal4      
,neither the convent nor the palace of  
,yuste being sufficiently commodious to 
receive them1 they lived at ,xarandilla1
 as guests of ,oropesa4 ,the shattered  
health of the queen of ,france rendered 
the journey from the castle to the      
convent1 although performed in a litter1
 so fatiguing to her1 that she          
accomplished it only twice4 ,nor was her
 brother's strength sufficient to enable
 him to return the visits of his        
favorite sister4 ,but queen ,mary was   
seven years younger1 and still possessed
 much of the vigor which amazed ,roger  
,ascham1 when he met her galloping into 
,tongres1 far ahead of her suit1        
although it was the tenth day she had   
passed in the saddle4 ,she therefore    
mounted her horse almost every day1 and 
rode through the fading forest to       
converse with the recluse at ,yuste4 ,at

 the end of a fortnight1 the queens took
 a sorrowful leave of their brother1 and
 proceeded on their way to ,badajoz1    
whither the ,infanta ,mary of ,portugal1
 daughter of queen ,eleanor1 had come   
from ,lisbon to receive them4 ,after    
this meeting1 which was destined to be  
the last1 the queens returned to the    
little town of ,talaverilla1 on the bare
 plains of ,merida1 where they had      
determined to fix their abode4 ,but they
 found there no continuing city4 ,in a  
few weeks1 ,eleanor was seized with a   
fever1 which carried her off on the     
#beth of ,february1 #aeeh1 the sixtieth 
year of her age4 ,when the emperor heard
 of her illness1 he dispatched ,luis    
,quixada to attend upon her2 but she was
 already at rest ere the mayordomo      
reached ,talaverilla4 ,queen ,mary went 
back with ,quixada to ,yuste4 ,her      
health being much shaken1 and the       
emperor being unable to move from the   
convent1 she was lodged1 on this        
occasion1 in his apartments4 ,at the end

 of eight days she bade him a last      
farewell1 and retired to ,cigales1 a    
hamlet two leagues north of ,valladolid1
 and crowning a vine-clad hill on the   
western side of the valley of the       
,pisuerga4  ,,footnotes3  #g ,sandoval  
says he left on the #dth ,november2     
,cabrera1 that he left on the #ast2 and 
,siguenca gives the end of ,october as  
the time of his departure4     ,from    
,household ,words4  ,,our ,,phantom     
,,ship ,,among ,,the ,,ice4   ,yonder is
 the coast of ,norway2 we shall soon be 
at ,spitzbergen4 ,the ,phantom is fitted
 out for ,arctic exploration1 with      
instructions to find her way1 by the    
north-west1 to ,behring ,straits1 and   
take the ,south ,pole on her passage    
home4 ,just now1 we steer due north1 and
 yonder is the coast of ,norway4 ,from  
that coast parted ,hugh ,willoughby1    
three hundred years ago2 the first of   
our countrymen who wrought an ice-bound 
highway to ,cathay4 ,two years          
afterwards his ships were found1 in the 

haven of ,arzina1 in ,lapland1 by some  
,russian fishermen2 near and about them 
,willoughby and his companions--seventy 
dead men4 ,the ships were freighted with
 their frozen crews1 and sailed for     
,england2 but1 being unstaunch1 as it is
 supposed by their two years' wintering 
in ,lapland1 sunk1 by the way1 with     
their dead1 and them also that brought  
them4  ,ice floats about us now1 and    
here is a whale blowing2 a whale1 too1  
very near ,spitzbergen4 ,when first     
,spitzbergen was discovered1 in the good
 old times1 there were whales here in   
abundance2 then a hundred ,dutch ships  
in a crowd1 might go to work1 and boats 
might jostle with each other1 and the   
only thing deficient would be stowage   
room for all the produce of the fishery4
 ,now one ship may have the whole field 
to itself1 and travel home with an      
imperfect cargo4 ,it was fine fun in the
 good old times2 there was no need to   
cruise4 ,coppers and boilers were fitted
 on the island1 and little colonies     

about them1 in the fishing season1 had  
nothing to do but tow the whales in1    
with a boat1 as fast as they were wanted
 by the copper4 ,no wonder that so      
enviable a ,tom ,tidler's ground was    
claimed by all who had a love for gold  
and silver4 ,the ,english called it     
theirs1 for they first fished2 the      
,dutch said1 nay1 but the island was of 
their discovery2 ,danes1 ,hamburghers1  
,biscayans1 ,spaniards1 and ,french put 
in their claims2 and at length1 it was  
agreed to make partitions4 ,the numerous
 bays and harbors which indent the coast
 were divided among the rival nations2  
and to this day1 many of them bear1     
accordingly1 such names as ,english     
,bay1 ,danes ,bay1 and so forth4 ,one   
bay there is1 with graves in it1 named  
,sorrow4 ,for it seemed to the fishers  
most desirable1 if possible1 to plant   
upon this island permanent              
establishments1 and condemned convicts  
were offered1 by the ,russians1 life and
 pardon1 if they would winter in        

,spitzbergen4 ,they agreed2 but1 when   
they saw the icy mountains and the      
stormy sea1 repented1 and went back1 to 
meet a death exempt from torture4 ,the  
,dutch tempted free men1 by high        
rewards1 to try the dangerous           
experiment4 ,one of their victims left a
 journal1 which describes his sufferings
 and that of his companions4 ,their     
mouths1 he says1 became so sore that1 if
 they had food1 they could not eat2     
their limbs were swollen and disabled   
with excruciating pain2 they died of    
scurvy4 ,those who died first were      
coffined by their dying friends2 a row  
of coffins was found1 in the spring1    
each with a man in it2 two men          
uncoffined1 side by side1 were dead upon
 the floor4 ,the journal told1 how once 
the traces of a bear excited their hope 
of fresh meat and amended health2 how1  
with a lantern1 two or three had limped 
upon the track1 until the light became  
extinguished1 and they came back in     
despair to die4 ,we might speak1 also1  

of eight ,english sailors1 left1 by     
accident1 upon ,spitzbergen1 who lived  
to return and tell their winter's tale2 
but a long journey is before us1 and we 
must not linger on the way4 ,as for our 
whalers1 it need scarcely be related    
that the multitude of whales diminished 
as the slaughtering went on1 until it   
was no longer possible to keep the      
coppers full4 ,the whales had to be     
searched for by the vessels1 and        
thereafter it was not worth while to    
take the blubber to ,spitzbergen to be  
boiled2 and the different nations1      
having carried home their coppers1 left 
the apparatus of those fishing stations 
to decay4  ,take heed4 ,there is a noise
 like thunder1 and a mountain snaps in  
two4 ,the upper half comes1 crashing1   
grinding1 down into the sea1 and        
loosened streams of water follow it4    
,the sea is displaced before the mighty 
heap2 it boils and scatters up a cloud  
of spray2 it rushes back1 and violently 
beats upon the shore4 ,the mountain     

rises from its bath1 sways to and fro1  
while water pours along its mighty      
sides2 now it is tolerably quiet1       
letting crackers off as air escapes out 
of its cavities4 ,that is an iceberg1   
and in that way are all icebergs formed4
 ,mountains of ice formed by rain and   
snow--grand ,arctic glaciers1 undermined
 by the sea or by accumulation          
overbalanced--topple down upon the      
slightest provocation 7moved by a shout1
 perhaps7 and where they float1 as this 
black looking fellow does1 they need    
deep water4 ,this berg in height is     
about ninety feet1 and a due balance    
requires that a mass nine times as large
 as the part visible should be          
submerged4 ,icebergs are seen about us  
now which rise two hundred feet above   
the water's level4  ,there are above    
head plenty of aquatic birds2 ashore1 or
 on the ice1 are bears1 foxes1 reindeer2
 and in the sea there are innumerable   
animals4 ,we shall not see so much life 
near the ,north ,pole1 that is certain4 

,it would be worth while to go ashore   
upon an islet there1 near ,vogel ,sang1 
to pay a visit to the eider-ducks4      
,their nests are so abundant that one   
cannot avoid treading on them4 ,when the
 duck is driven by a hungry fox to leave
 her eggs1 she covers them with down1 in
 order that they may not cool during her
 absence1 and1 moreover1 glues the down 
into a case with a secretion supplied to
 her by ,nature for that purpose4 ,the  
deserted eggs are safe1 for that        
secretion has an odor very disagreeable 
to the intruder's nose4  ,we still sail 
northward1 among sheets of ice1 whose   
boundaries are not beyond our vision    
from the mast-head--these are floes2    
between them we find easy way1 it is    
fair sailing ice4 ,in the clear sky to  
the north1 a streak of lucid white light
 is the reflection from an icy surface2 
that is ice-blink1 in the language of   
these seas4 ,the glare from snow is     
yellow1 while open water gives a dark   
reflection4  ,northward still2 but now  

we are in fog the ice is troublesome2 a 
gale is rising4 ,now1 if our ship had   
timbers1 they would crack1 and if she   
had a bell it would be tolling2 if we   
were shouting to each other we should   
not hear1 the sea is in a fury4 ,with   
wild force its breakers dash against a  
heaped-up wall of broken ice1 that      
grinds and strains and battles fiercely 
with the water4 ,this is the pack1 the  
edge of a great ice-field broken by the 
swell4 ,it is a perilous and exciting   
thing to push through pack ice in a     
gale4  ,now there is ice as far as eye  
can see1 that is an ice-field4 ,masses  
are forced up like colossal tombstones  
on all sides2 our sailors call them     
hummocks2 here and there the broken ice 
displays large holes of water4 ,shall we
 go on8 ,upon this field1 in #ahbg1     
,parry adventured with his men1 to reach
 the ,north ,pole1 if that should be    
possible4 ,with sledges and portable    
boats they labored on1 through snow1 and
 over hummocks2 launching their boats   

over the larger holes of water4 ,with   
stout hearts1 undaunted by toil or      
danger1 they went boldly on1 though by  
degrees it became clear to the leaders  
of the expedition1 that they were almost
 like mice upon a treadmill cage1 making
 a great expenditure of leg for little  
gain4 ,the ice was floating to the south
 with them1 as they were walking to the 
north2 still they went on4 ,sleeping by 
day to avoid the glare1 and to get      
greater warmth during the time of rest1 
and travelling by night1--watch-makers' 
days and nights1 for it was all one     
polar day1--the men soon were unable to 
distinguish noon from midnight4 ,the    
great event of one day on this dreary   
waste was the discovery of two flies    
upon an ice hummock2 these1 says ,parry1
 became at once a topic of ridiculous   
importance4 ,presently1 after           
twenty-three miles walking1 they only   
had gone one mile forward1 the ice      
having industriously floated twenty-two 
miles in an opposite direction2 and     

then1 after walking forward eleven      
miles1 they found themselves to be three
 miles behind the place from which they 
started4 ,the party accordingly         
returned1 not having reached the ,pole1 
not having reached the eighty-third     
parallel1 for the attainment of which   
there was a reward of a thousand pounds 
held out by government4 ,they reached   
the parallel of eighty-two degrees1     
forty-five minutes1 which was1 and still
 is1 the most northerly point trodden by
 the foot of man4 ,from that point they 
returned4 ,in those high latitudes they 
met with a phenomenon1 common in alpine 
regions1 as well as at the ,pole1 red   
snow4 ,the red color being caused by the
 abundance of a minute plant1 of low    
development1 the last dweller on the    
borders of the vegetable kingdom4 ,more 
interesting to the sailors was a fat she
 bear which they killed and devoured    
with a zeal to be repented of2 for on   
reaching navigable sea1 and pushing in  
their boats to ,table ,island1 where    

some stones were left1 they found that  
the bears had eaten all their bread1    
whereon the men agreed that ,bruin was  
now square with them4 ,an islet next to 
,table ,island--they are both mere      
rocks--is the most northern land        
discovered4 ,therefore1 ,parry applied  
to it the name of lieutenant--now ,sir  
,james--,ross4 ,this compliment ,sir    
,james ,ross has acknowledged in the    
most emphatic manner1 by discovering on 
his part1 at the other ,pole1 the most  
southern land yet seen1 and giving to it
 the name of ,parry3 ,parry ,mountains4 
,it very probably would not be difficult
 under such circumstances as ,sir ,w4   
,parry has since recommended1 to reach  
the ,north ,pole along this route4 ,then
 7especially if it be true1 as many     
believe1 that there is a region of open 
sea about the ,pole itself7 we might    
find it as easy to reach ,behring       
,straits1 by travelling in a straight   
line over the ,north ,pole1 as by       
threading the straits and bays north of 

,america4  ,we turn our course until we 
have in sight a portion of the          
ice-barred eastern coast of ,greenland1 
,shannon ,island4 ,somewhere about this 
spot in the seventy-fifth parallel is   
the most northern part of that coast    
known to us4 ,colonel--then             
,captain--,sabine in the ,griper1 was   
landed there to make magnetic and other 
observations2 for the same purpose he   
had previously visited ,sierra ,leone4  
,that is where we differ from our       
forefathers4 ,they commissioned hardy   
seamen to encounter peril for the search
 of gold ore1 or for a near road to     
,cathay1 but our peril is encountered   
for the gain of knowledge1 for the      
highest kind of service that can now be 
rendered to the human race4  ,before we 
leave the northern sea1 we must not omit
 to mention the voyage by ,spitzbergen  
northward1 in #ahah1 of ,captain ,buchan
 in the ,dorothea1 accompanied by       
,lieutenant ,franklin1 in the ,trent4   
,it was ,sir ,john ,franklin's first    

voyage to the ,arctic regions4 ,this    
trip forms the subject of a delightful  
book by ,captain ,beechey4  ,on our way 
to the south point of ,greenland we pass
 near ,cape ,north1 a point of ,iceland4
 ,iceland1 we know1 is the centre of a  
volcanic region1 whereof ,norway and    
,greenland are at opposite points of the
 circumference4 ,in connection with this
 district there is a remarkable fact2   
that by the agency of subterranean      
forces a large portion of ,norway and   
,sweden is being slowly upheaved4 ,while
 ,greenland1 on the west coast1 as      
gradually sinks into the sea1 ,norway   
rises at the rate of about four feet in 
a century4 ,in ,greenland the sinking is
 so well known that the natives never   
build close to the water's edge1 and the
 ,moravian missionaries more than once  
have had to move farther inland the     
poles on which their boats are rested4  
,our ,phantom ,ship stands fairly now   
along the western coast of ,greenland   
into ,davis ,straits4 ,we observe that  

upon this western coast there is1 by a  
great deal1 less ice than on the        
eastern4 ,that is a rule generally4 ,not
 only the configuration of the straits  
and bays1 but also the earth's rotation 
from west to east1 causes the currents  
here to set towards the west1 and wash  
the western coasts1 while they act very 
little on the eastern4 ,we steer across 
,davis ,strait1 among an infinite number
 of great countreys and islands of yee2 
there1 near the entrance1 we find       
,hudson ,strait1 which does not now     
concern us4 ,islands probably separate  
this well-known channel from ,frobisher 
,strait to the north of it1 yet         
unexplored4 ,here let us recall to mind 
the fleet of fifteen sail1 under ,sir   
,martin ,frobisher1 in #aegh1 tossing   
about and parting company among the ice4
 ,let us remember how the crew of the   
,anne ,frances1 in that expedition1     
built a pinnace when their vessel struck
 upon a rock1 although they wanted main 
timber and nails4 ,how they made a mimic

 forge1 and for the easier making of    
nails1 were forced to break their tongs1
 gridiron1 and fire-shovel1 in pieces4  
,how ,master ,captain ,best1 in this    
frail bark1 with its imperfect timbers  
held together by the metamorphosed      
gridiron and fire-shovel1 continued in  
his duty1 and did depart up the         
straights as before was pretended4 ,how 
a terrific storm arose1 and the fleet   
parted1 and the intrepid captain was    
towed in his small pinnace1 at the stern
 of the ',michael1' thorow the raging   
seas2 for the bark was not able to      
receive or relieve half its company4    
,the tongs1 gridyron1 and fire-shovell1 
performed their work only for as many   
minutes as were absolutely necessary1   
for the pinesse came no sooner aboord   
the ship1 and the men entred1 but she   
presently shivered and fell in pieces1  
and sunke at the ship's stern with all  
the poor men's furniture4  ,now1 too1 as
 we sail up the strait1 explored a few  
years after these events by ,master     

,john ,davis1 how proudly we remember   
him as a right worthy forerunner of     
those countrymen of his and ours who    
since have sailed over his track4 ,nor  
ought we to pass without calling to mind
 the melancholy fate1 in #afjf1 of      
,master ,john ,knight1 driven1 in the   
,hopwell1 among huge masses of ice1 with
 a tremendous surf1 his rudder knocked  
away1 his ship half full of water1 at   
the entrance to these straits4 ,hoping  
to find a harbor1 he set forth to       
explore a large island1 and landed1     
leaving two men to watch the boat1 while
 he1 with three men and the mate1 set   
forth and disappeared over a hill4 ,for 
thirteen hours the watchers kept their  
post2 one had his trumpet with him1 for 
he was a trumpeter1 the other had a gun4
 ,they trumpeted often and loudly1 they 
fired1 but no answer came4 ,they watched
 ashore all night for the return of     
their captain and his party1 but they   
came not at all4  ,the season is        
advanced4 ,as we sail on1 the sea steams

 like a lime-kiln1 frost-smoke covers   
it4 ,the water1 cooled less rapidly1 is 
warmer now than the surrounding air1 and
 yields this vapor in consequence4 ,by  
the time our vessel has reached         
,baffin's ,bay1 still coasting along    
,greenland1 in addition to old floes and
 bergs1 the water is beset with pancake 
ice4 ,that is the young ice when it     
first begins to cake upon the surface4  
,innocent enough it seems1 but it is    
sadly clogging to the ships4 ,it sticks 
about their sides like treacle on a     
fly's wing2 collecting unequally1 it    
destroys all equilibrium1 and impedes   
the efforts of the steersman4 ,rocks    
split on the ,greenland coast with loud 
explosions1 and more icebergs fall4     
,icebergs we soon shall take our leave  
of2 they are only found where there is a
 coast on which glaciers can form2 they 
are good for nothing but to yield fresh 
water to the vessels2 it will be all    
field1 pack1 and salt-water ice         
presently4  ,now we are in ,baffin's    

,bay1 explored in the voyages of ,bylot 
and ,baffin1 #afae-af4 ,when1 in #ahag1 
a great movement in the ,greenland ice  
caused many to believe that the northern
 passages would be found comparatively  
clear2 and when1 in consequence of this 
impression1 ,sir ,john ,barrow succeeded
 in setting a-foot that course of modern
 ,arctic exploration1 which has been    
continued to the present day1 ,sir ,john
 ,ross was the first man sent to find   
the north-west passage4 ,buchan and     
,parry were commissioned at the same    
time to attempt the ,north ,sea route4  
,sir ,john ,ross did little more on that
 occasion than effect a survey of       
,baffin's ,bay1 and prove the accuracy  
of the ancient pilot4 ,in the extreme   
north of the bay there is an inlet or a 
channel1 called by ,baffin ,smith's     
,sound2 this ,sir ,john saw1 but did not
 enter4 ,it never has been explored4 ,it
 may be an inlet only2 but it is also   
very possible that by this channel ships
 might get into the ,polar ,sea1 and    

sail by the north shore of ,greenland to
 ,spitzbergen4 ,turning that corner1 and
 descending along the western coast of  
,baffin's ,bay1 there is another inlet  
called ,jones's ,sound by ,baffin1 also 
unexplored4 ,these two inlets1 with     
their very ,british titles1 ,smith and  
,jones1 are of exceeding interest4      
,jones's ,sound may lead by a back way  
to ,melville ,island4 ,south of ,jones's
 ,sound there is a wide break in the    
shore1 a great sound1 named by ,baffin1 
,lancaster's1 which ,sir ,john ,ross1 in
 that first expedition1 failed also to  
explore4 ,like our transatlantic friends
 at the ,south ,pole1 he laid down a    
range of clouds as mountains1 and       
considered the way impervious2 so he    
came home4  ,parry went out next year1  
as a lieutenant1 in command of his first
 and most successful expedition4 ,he    
sailed up ,lancaster ,sound1 which was  
in that year 7#ahai7 unusually clear of 
ice3 and he is the discoverer whose     
track we now follow in our ,phantom     

,ship4 ,the whole ground being new1 he  
had to name the points of country right 
and left of him4 ,the way was broad and 
open1 due west1 a most prosperous       
beginning for a north-west passage4 ,if 
this continued1 he would soon reach     
,behring ,strait4 ,a broad channel to   
the right1 directed1 that is to say1    
southward1 he entered on the ,prince of 
,wales's birthday1 and so called it the 
,prince ,regent's ,inlet4 ,after        
exploring this for some miles1 he turned
 back to resume his western course1 for 
still there was a broad strait leading  
westward4 ,this second part of          
,lancaster ,sound1 he called after the  
,secretary of the ,admiralty who had so 
indefatigably labored to promote the    
expeditions1 ,barrow's ,strait4 ,then he
 came to a channel1 turning to the right
 or northward1 and he named that        
,wellington ,channel4 ,then he had on   
his right hand ice1 islands large and   
small1 and intervening channels2 on the 
left1 ice1 and a cape visible1 ,cape    

,walker4 ,at an island1 named after the 
,first ,lord of the ,admiralty ,melville
 ,island1 the great frozen wilderness   
barred further progress4 ,there he      
wintered4 ,on the coast of ,melville    
,island they had passed the latitude of 
one hundred and ten degrees1 and the men
 had become entitled to a royal bounty  
of five thousand pounds4 ,this group of 
islands ,parry called ,north ,georgian1 
but they are usually called by his own  
name1 ,parry ,islands4 ,this was the    
first ,european winter party in the     
,arctic circle4 ,its details are        
familiar enough4 ,how the men cut in    
three days through ice seven inches     
thick1 a canal two miles and a half     
long1 and so brought the ships into safe
 harbor4 ,how the genius of ,parry      
equalled the occasion2 how there was    
established a theatre and a ,north      
,georgian ,gazette1 to cheer the        
tediousness of a night which continued  
for two thousand hours4 ,the dreary     
dazzling waste in which there was that  

little patch of life1 the stars1 the    
fog1 the moonlight1 the glittering      
wonder of the northern lights1 in which1
 as ,greenlanders believe1 souls of the 
wicked dance tormented1 are familiar to 
us4 ,the she-bear stays at home2 but the
 he-bear hungers1 and looks in vain for 
a stray seal or walrus--woe to the      
unarmed man who meets him in his hungry 
mood6 ,wolves are abroad1 and pretty    
white arctic foxes4 ,the reindeer have  
sought other pasture-ground4 ,the       
thermometer runs down to more than sixty
 degrees below freezing1 a temperature  
tolerable in calm weather1 but          
distressing in a wind4 ,the eye-piece of
 the telescope must be protected now    
with leather1 for the skin is destroyed 
that comes in contact with cold metal4  
,the voice at a mile's distance can be  
heard distinctly4 ,happy the day when   
first the sun is seen to graze the edge 
of the horizon2 but summer must come1   
and the heat of a constant day must     
accumulate1 and summer wane1 before the 

ice is melted4 ,then the ice cracks1    
like cannons over-charged1 and moves    
with a loud grinding noise4 ,but not yet
 is escape to be made with safety4      
,after a detention of ten months1 ,parry
 got free2 but1 in escaping1 narrowly   
missed the destruction of both ships1 by
 their being nipped between the mighty  
mass and the unyielding shore4 ,what    
animals are found on ,melville ,island1 
we may judge from the results of sport  
during ten months' detention4 ,the      
,island exceeds five thousand miles     
square1 and yielded to the gun1 three   
musk oxen1 twenty-four deer1 sixty-eight
 bears1 fifty-three geese1 fifty-nine   
ducks1 and one hundred and forty-four   
patarmigans1 weighing together three    
thousand seven hundred and sixty-six    
pounds--not quite two ounces of meat per
 day to every man4 ,lichens1 stunted    
grass1 saxifrage1 and a feeble willow1  
are the plants of ,melville ,island1 but
 in sheltered nooks there are found     
sorrel1 poppy1 and a yellow butter-cup4 

,halos and double suns are very common  
consequences of refraction in this      
quarter of the world4 ,franklin returned
 from his first and most famous voyage  
with his men all safe and sound1 except 
the loss of a few fingers1 frost-bitten4
 ,we sail back only as far as ,regent's 
,inlet1 being bound for ,behring        
,strait4 ,the reputation of ,sir ,john  
,ross being clouded by the discontent   
expressed against his first expedition1 
,mr4 ,felix ,booth1 a rich distiller1   
provided seventeen thousand pounds to   
enable his friend to redeem his credit4 
,sir ,john accordingly1 in #ahbi1 went  
out in the ,victory1 provided with      
steam-machinery that did not answer     
well4 ,he was accompanied by ,sir ,james
 ,ross1 his nephew4 ,he it was who1 on  
this occasion1 first surveyed ,regent's 
,inlet1 down which we are now sailing   
with our ,phantom ,ship4 ,the coast on  
our right hand1 westward1 which ,parry  
saw1 is called ,north ,somerset1 but    
farther south1 where the inlet widens1  

the land is named ,boothia ,felix4 ,five
 years before this1 ,parry1 in his third
 voyage1 had attempted to pass down     
,regent's ,inlet1 where among ice and   
storm1 one of his ships1 the ,hecla1 had
 been driven violently ashore1 and of   
necessity1 abandoned4 ,the stores had   
been removed1 and ,sir ,john was able   
now to replenish his own vessel from    
them4 ,rounding a point at the bottom of
 ,prince ,regent's ,inlet1 we find      
,felix ,harbor1 where ,sir ,john ,ross  
wintered4 ,his nephew made from this    
point scientific explorations2          
discovered a strait1 called after him   
the ,strait of ,james ,ross1 and on the 
northern shore of this strait1 on the   
main land of ,boothia1 planted the      
,british flag on the ,northern ,magnetic
 ,pole4 ,the ice broke up1 so did the   
,victory2 after a hairbreadth escape1   
the party found a searching vessel1 and 
arrived home after an absence of four   
years and five months1 ,sir ,john ,ross 
having lost his ship1 and won his       

reputation4 ,the friend in need was made
 a baronet for his munificence2 ,sir    
,john was reimbursed for all his losses1
 and the crew liberally taken care of4  
,sir ,james ,ross had a rod and flag    
signifying ,magnetic ,pole1 given to him
 for a new crest1 by the ,heralds'      
,college1 for which he was no doubt     
greatly the better4  ,we have sailed    
northward to get into ,hudson ,strait1  
the high road into ,hudson ,bay4 ,along 
the shore are ,exquimaux in boats1      
extremely active1 but these filthy      
creatures we pass by2 the ,exquimaux in 
,hudson ,strait are like the negroes of 
the coast1 demoralized by intercourse   
with ,european traders4 ,these are not  
true pictures of the loving children of 
the north4 ,our ,phantom floats on the  
wide waters of ,hudson ,bay--the grave  
of its discoverer4 ,familiar as the     
story is of ,henry ,hudson's fate1 for  
,john ,king's sake how gladly we repeat 
it4 ,while sailing on the waters he     
discovered1 in #afaa1 his men mutinied2 

the mutiny was aided by ,henry ,green1 a
 prodigal1 whom ,hudson had generously  
shielded from ruin4 ,hudson1 the master1
 and his son1 with six sick or disabled 
members of the crew1 were driven from   
their cabins1 forced into a little      
shallop1 and committed helpless to the  
water and the ice4 ,but there was one   
stout man1 ,john ,king1 the carpenter1  
who stepped into the boat1 abjuring his 
companions1 and chose rather to die than
 even passively be partaker in so foul a
 crime4 ,john ,king1 we who live after1 
will remember you4  ,here on an island1 
,charlton ,island1 near our entrance to 
the bay1 in #afca1 wintered poor        
,captain ,james with his wrecked crew4  
,this is a point outside the ,arctic    
circle1 but quite cold enough4 ,of      
nights1 with a good fire in the house   
they built1 hoar frost covered their    
beds1 and the cook's water in a metal   
pan before the fire1 was warm on one    
side1 and froze on the other4 ,here it  
snowed and froze extremely1 at which    

time we1 looking from the shore towards 
the ship1 she appeared a piece of ice in
 the fashion of a ship1 or a ship       
resembling a piece of ice4 ,here the    
gunner1 who had lost his leg1 besought  
that1 for the little time he had to     
live1 he might drink sack altogether4   
,he died and was buried in the ice far  
from the vessel1 but when afterwards two
 more were dead of scurvy1 and the      
others1 in a miserable state1 were      
working with faint hope about their     
shattered vessel1 the gunner was found  
to have returned home to the old vessel2
 his leg had penetrated through a       
porthole4 ,they digged him clear out1   
and he was as free from noisomness1 the 
record says1 as when we first committed 
him to the sea4 ,this alteration had the
 ice1 and water1 and time1 only wrought 
on him1 that his flesh would slip up and
 down upon his bones1 like a glove on a 
man's hand4 ,in the evening we buried   
him by the others4 ,these worthy souls1 
laid up with the agonies of scurvy1 knew

 that in action was their only hope2    
they forced their limbs to labor1 among 
ice and water1 every day4 ,they set     
about the building of a boat1 but the   
hard frozen wood had broken all their   
axes1 so they made shift with the       
pieces4 ,to fell a tree1 it was first   
requisite to light a fire around it1 and
 the carpenter could only labor with his
 wood over a fire1 or else it was like  
stone under his tools4 ,before the boat 
was made they buried the carpenter4 ,the
 captain exhorted them to put their     
trust in ,god2 ,his will be done4 ,if it
 be our fortune to end our days here1 we
 are as near ,heaven as in ,england4    
,they all protested to work to the      
utmost of their strength1 and that they 
would refuse nothing that ,i should     
order them to do to the utmost hazard of
 their lives4 ,i thanked them all4      
,truly the ,north ,pole has its         
triumphs4 ,if we took no account of the 
fields of trade opened by our ,arctic   
explorers1 if we thought nothing of the 

wants of science in comparison with the 
lives lost in supplying them1 is not the
 loss of life a gain1 which proves and  
tests the fortitude of noble hearts1 and
 teaches us respect for human nature8   
,all the lives that have been lost among
 these ,polar regions1 are less in      
number than the dead upon a             
battle-field4 ,the battle-field         
inflicted shame upon our race--is it    
with shame that our hearts throb in     
following these ,arctic heroes8 ,march  
#cast1 says ,captain ,james1 was very   
cold1 with snow and hail1 which pinched 
our sick men more than any time this    
year4 ,this evening1 being ,may eve1 we 
returned late from our work to our      
house1 and made a good fire1 and chose  
ladies1 and ceremoniously wore their    
names in our caps1 endeavoring to revive
 ourselves by any means4 ,on the #aeth1 
,i manured a little patch of ground that
 was bare of snow1 and sowed it with    
pease1 hoping to have some shortly to   
eat1 for as yet we could see no green   

thing to comfort us4 ,those pease saved 
the party2 as they came up the young    
shoots were boiled and eaten1 so their  
health began to mend1 and they recovered
 from their scurvy4 ,eventually1 after  
other perils1 they succeeded making     
their escape4  ,a strait1 called ,sir   
,thomas ,rowe's ,welcome1 leads due     
north out of ,hudson ,bay1 being parted 
by ,southampton ,island from the strait 
through which we entered4 ,its name is  
quaint1 for so was its discoverer1 ,luke
 ,fox1 a worthy man1 addicted much to   
euphuism4 ,fox sailed from ,london in   
the same year in which ,james sailed    
from ,bristol4 ,they were rivals4       
,meeting in ,davis ,straits1 ,fox dined 
on board his friendly rival's vessel1   
which was very unfit for the service    
upon which it went4 ,the sea washed over
 them and came into the cabin1 so says  
,fox1 sauce would not have been wanted  
if there had been roast mutton4 ,luke   
,fox being ice-bound and in peril1      
writes1 ,god thinks upon our            

imprisonment with a supersedeas2 but he 
was a good and honorable man as well as 
euphuist4 ,his ,sir ,thomas ,rowe's     
,welcome1 leads into ,fox ,channel2 our 
,phantom ,ship is pushing through the   
welcome passes on the left-hand ,repulse
 ,bay4 ,this portion of the ,arctic     
regions1 with ,fox ,channel1 is         
extremely perilous4 ,here ,captain      
,lyon1 in the ,griper1 was thrown       
anchorless upon the mercy of a stormy   
sea1 ice crashing around him4 ,one      
island in ,fox ,channel is called ,mill 
,island1 from the incessant grinding of 
great masses of ice collected there4 ,in
 the northern part of ,fox ,channel1 on 
the western shore1 is ,melville         
,peninsula1 where ,parry wintered on his
 second voyage4 ,here let us go ashore  
and see a little colony of ,esquimaux4  
,their huts are built of blocks of snow1
 and arched1 having an ice pane for a   
window4 ,they construct their arched    
entrance and their hemispherical roof1  
on the true principles of architecture4 

,those wise men1 the ,egyptians1 made   
their arch by hewing the stones out of  
shape1 the ,esquimaux have the true     
secret4 ,here they are1 with little food
 in winter and great appetites2         
devouring a whole walrus when they get  
it1 and taking the chance of hunger for 
the next eight days--hungry or full1 for
 ever happy in their lot--here are the  
,esquimaux4 ,they are warmly clothed1   
each in a double suit of skins sewn     
neatly together4 ,some are singing1 with
 good voices1 too4 ,please them1 and    
they straightway dance2 activity is good
 in a cold climate4 ,play to them on the
 flute1 or if you can sing well1 sing1  
or turn a barrel-organ1 they are mute1  
eager with wonder and delight2 their    
love of music is intense4 ,give them a  
pencil1 and1 like children1 they will   
draw4 ,teach them1 and they will learn1 
oblige them1 and they will be grateful4 
,gentle and loving savages1 one of our  
old worthies called them1 and the       
,portuguese were so much impressed with 

their teachable and gentle conduct1 that
 a ,venetian ambassador writes1 ,his    
serene majesty contemplates deriving    
great advantage from the country1 not   
only on account of the timber1 of which 
he has occasion1 but of the inhabitants1
 who are admirably calculated for labor1
 and are the best ,i have ever seen4    
,the ,esquimaux1 of course1 will learn  
vice1 and in the region visited by whale
 ships1 vice enough has certainly been  
taught him4 ,here are the dogs1 who will
 eat old coats1 or any thing2 and1 near 
the dwellings1 here is a                
snow-bunting1--robin redbreast of the   
,arctic lands4 ,a party of our sailors  
once1 on landing1 took some sticks from 
a large heap1 and uncovered the nest of 
a snow-bunting with young1 the bird flew
 to a little distance1 but seeing that  
the men sat down and harmed her not1    
continued to seek food and supply her   
little ones1 with full faith in the good
 intentions of the party4 ,captain ,lyon
 found a child's grave partly uncovered1

 and a snow-bunting had built its nest  
upon the infant's bosom4  ,sailing round
 ,melville ,peninsula1 we come into the 
gulf of ,akkolee1 through ,fury and     
,hecla ,straits1 discovered by ,parry4  
,so we get back to the bottom of        
,regent's ,inlet1 which we quitted a    
short time ago1 and sailing in the      
neighborhood of the magnetic pole1 we   
reach the estuary of ,black's ,river1 on
 the north-east coast of ,america4 ,we  
pass then through a straight1 discovered
 in #ahci1 by ,dean and ,simpson1 still 
coasting along the northern shore of    
,america1 on the ,great ,stinking ,lake1
 as ,indians call this ocean4 ,boats1   
ice permitting1 and our ,phantom ,ship1 
of course1 can coast all the way to     
,behring ,strait4 ,the whole coast has  
been explored by ,sir ,john ,franklin1  
,sir ,john ,richardson1 and ,sir ,george
 ,back1 who have earned their           
knighthoods through great peril4 ,as we 
pass ,coronation ,gulf--the scene of    
,franklin1 ,richardson1 and ,back's     

first exploration from the ,coppermine  
,river--we revert to the romantic story 
of their journey back1 over a land of   
snow and frost1 subsisting upon lichens1
 with companions starved to death2 where
 they plucked wild leaves for tea1 and  
ate their shoes for supper2 the tragedy 
by the river2 the murder of poor ,hood1 
with a book of prayers in his hand2     
,franklin at ,fort ,enterprise1 with two
 companions at the point of death1      
himself gaunt1 hollow-eyed1 feeding on  
pounded bones1 raked from the dunghill2 
the arrival of ,dr4 ,richardson and the 
brave sailor2 their awful story of the  
cannibal ,michel2--we revert to these   
things with a shudder4 ,but we must     
continue on our route4 ,the current     
still flows westward1 bearing now large 
quantities of drift-wood1 out of the    
,mackenzie ,river4 ,at the name of ,sir 
,alexander ,mackenzie1 also1 we might   
pause1 and talk over the bold           
achievements of another arctic hero2 but
 we pass on1 by a rugged and            

inhospitable coast1 unfit for vessels of
 large draught1--pass the broad mouth of
 the ,youcon1 pass ,point ,barrow1 ,icy 
,cape1 and are in ,behring ,strait4 ,had
 we passed on1 we should have found the 
,russian ,arctic coast line1 traced out 
by a series of ,russian explorers2 of   
whom the most illustrious--,baron ,von  
,wrangell--states1 that beyond a certain
 distance to the northward1 there is    
always found what he calls the ,polynja 
7open water47 ,this is the fact adduced 
by those who adhere to the old fancy    
that there is a sea about the pole      
itself quite free from ice4  ,we pass   
through ,behring ,straits4 ,behring1 a  
,dane by birth1 but in the ,russian     
service1 died here in #agda1 upon the   
scene of his discovery4 ,he and his     
crew1 victims of scurvy1 were unable to 
manage their vessel in a storm2 and it  
was at length wrecked on a barren       
island1 there1 where want1 nakedness1   
cold1 sickness1 impatience1 and despair 
were their daily guests4 ,behring1 his  

lieutenant1 and the master died4  ,now  
we must put a girdle round the world1   
and do it with the speed of ,ariel4     
,here we are already in the heats of the
 equator4 ,we can do no more than       
remark1 that if air and water are heated
 at the equator1 and frozen at the      
poles1 there will be equilibrium        
destroyed1 and constant currents caused4
 ,and so it happens1 so we get the      
prevailing winds1 and all the currents  
of the ocean4 ,of these1 some of the    
uses1 but by no means all1 are obvious4 
,we urge our ,phantom fleetly to the    
southern pole4 ,here1 over the other    
hemisphere of the earth1 there shines   
another hemisphere of heaven4 ,the stars
 are changed2 the southern cross1 the   
,magellanic clouds1 the coal-sack in the
 milky way1 attract our notice4 ,now we 
are in the southern latitude that       
corresponds to ,england in the north2   
nay1 at a greater distance1 from the    
pole1 we find ,kerguelen's ,land1       
emphatically called ,the ,isle of       

,desolation4 ,icebergs float much       
further into the warm sea on this side  
of the equator1 before they dissolve4   
,the ,south ,pole is evidently a more   
thorough refrigerator than the ,north4  
,why is this8 ,we shall soon see4 ,we   
push through pack-ice1 and through floes
 and fields1 by lofty bergs1 by an      
island or two covered with penguins1    
until there lies before us a long range 
of mountains1 nine or ten thousand feet 
in height1 and all clad in eternal snow4
 ,that is a portion of the ,southern    
,continent4 ,lieutenant ,wilkes1 in the 
,american exploring expedition1 first   
discovered this1 and mapped out some    
part of the coast1 putting a few clouds 
in likewise1--a mistake easily made by  
those who omit to verify every foot of  
land4 ,sir ,james ,ross1 in his most    
successful ,south ,pole ,expedition1    
during the years #ahci-dc1 sailed over  
some of this land1 and confirmed the    
rest4 ,the ,antarctic1 as well as the   
,arctic honors he secured for ,england1 

by turning a corner of the land1 and    
sailing far southward1 along an         
impenetrable icy barrier1 to the        
latitude of seventy-eight degrees1 nine 
minutes4 ,it is an elevated continent1  
with many lofty ranges4 ,in the extreme 
southern point reached by the ships1 a  
magnificent volcano was seen spouting   
fire and smoke out of the everlasting   
snow4 ,this volcano1 twelve thousand    
four hundred feet high1 was named ,mount
 ,erebus2 for the ,erebus and ,terror1  
now sought anxiously among the bays1 and
 sounds1 and creeks of the ,north ,pole1
 then coasted by the solid ice-walls of 
the south4 ,only as ,phantoms can we    
cross this land and live4 ,these lofty  
mountain-ranges1 cold to the marrow1    
these vast glaciers1 and elevated plains
 of ice1 no wonder that they cast a     
chill about their neighborhood4 ,our    
very ghosts are cold1 and the volcanoes 
only make the frost colder by contrast4 
,we descend upon the other side1 take   
ship again1 and float up the ,atlantic1 

through the tropics4 ,we have been round
 the world now1 and among the ice1 and  
have not grown much older since we      
started4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,other ,phantoms are to be 
added to those thus described4 ,besides 
the expeditions now in the ice regions1 
from ,england and ,america1 one1 and    
perhaps two more1 have in the last two  
months started in the search for        
,franklin4     ,,madame ,,de ,,genlis   
,,and ,,madame ,,de ,,stael4   ,this    
curious piece has recently appeared in  
the ,gazette de ,france1 and has excited
 much remark4 ,it is given out to be the
 production of ,charles ,x41 when       
,monsieur1 and was communicated to ,m4  
,neychens by the ,marquis de la ,roche  
,jacqueleine4  ,before the ,revolution1 
,i was but very slightly acquainted with
 ,mme4 de ,genlis1 her conduct during   
that disastrous period having not a     
little contributed to sink her in my    
estimation2 and the publication of her  
novel1 ',the ,knights of the ,swan' 7the

 first edition71 completed my dislike to
 a person who had so cruelly aspersed   
the character of the queen1 my          
sister-in-law4  ,on my return to        
,france1 ,i received a letter full of   
the most passionate expressions of      
loyalty from beginning to end2 the      
missive being signed ,comtesse de       
,genlis2 but imagining this could be but
 a plaisanterie of some intimate friend 
of my own1 ,i paid no attention whatever
 to it4 ,however1 in two or three days  
it was followed by a second epistle1    
complaining of my silence1 and appealing
 to the great sacrifices the writer had 
made in the interest of my cause1 as    
giving her a right to my favorable      
attention4 ,talleyrand being present1 ,i
 asked him if he could explain this     
enigma4  ',nothing is easier1' replied  
he2 ',mme4 de ,genlis is unique4 ,she   
has lost her own memory1 and fancies    
others have experienced a similar       
bereavement4'  ',she speaks1' pursued   
,i1 'of her virtues1 her misfortunes1   

and ,napoleon's persecutions4'  ',hem6  
,in #aghi her husband was quite ruined1 
so the events of that period took       
nothing from him2 and as to the tyranny 
of ,bonaparte1 it consisted1 in the     
first place1 of giving her a magnificent
 suite of apartments in the ,arsenal2   
and in the second place1 granting her a 
pension of six thousand francs a year1  
upon the sole condition of her keeping  
him every month au courant of the       
literature of the day4'  ',what shocking
 ferocity6' replied ,i1 laughing2 'a    
case of infamous despotism indeed4 ,and 
this martyr to our cause asks to see    
me4'  ',yes2 and pray let your royal    
highness grant her an audience1 were it 
only for once3 ,i assure you she is most
 amusing4'  ,i followed the advice of   
,m4 de ,talleyrand1 and accorded to the 
lady the permission she so pathetically 
demanded4 ,the evening before she was to
 present herself1 however1 came a third 
missive1 recommending a certain         
,casimir1 the phenix of the epoque1 and 

several other persons besides2 all1     
according to ,mme4 de ,genlis1          
particularly celebrated people2 and the 
postscript to this effusion prepared me 
also beforehand for the request she     
intended to make1 of being appointed    
governess to the children of my son1 the
 ,duc de ,berry1 who was at that time   
not even married4  ,just at this period 
it so happened that ,i was besieged by  
more than a dozen persons of every rank 
in regard to ,mme4 de ,stael1 formerly  
exiled by ,bonaparte1 and who had rushed
 to ,paris without taking breath1 fully 
persuaded every one there1 and          
throughout all ,france1 was impatient to
 see her again4 ,mme4 de ,stael had a   
double view in thus introducing herself 
to me2 namely1 to direct my proceedings 
entirely1 and to obtain payment of the  
two million francs deposited in the     
treasury by her father during his       
ministry4 ,i confess ,i was not         
prepossessed in favor of ,mme4 de       
,stael1 for she also1 in #aghi1 had     

manifested so much hatred towards the   
,bourbons1 that ,i thought all she could
 possibly look to from us1 was the      
liberty of living in ,paris unmolested3 
but ,i little knew her4 ,she1 on her    
side1 imagined we ought to be grateful  
to her for having quarrelled with       
,bonaparte--her own pride being1 in     
fact1 the sole cause of the rupture4    
,m4 de ,fontanes and ,m4 de             
,chateaubriand were the first who       
mentioned her to me2 and to the         
importance with which they treated the  
matter1 ,i answered1 laughing1 ',so1    
,mme4 la ,baronne de ,stael is then a   
supreme power8'  ',indeed she is1 and it
 might have very unfavorable effects did
 your royal highness overlook her3 for  
what she asserts1 every one believes1   
and then--she has suffered so much6'    
',very likely2 but what did she make my 
poor sister-in-law1 the queen1 suffer8  
,do you think ,i can forget the         
abominable things she said1 the         
falsehoods she told8 and was it not in  

consequence of them1 and the public's   
belief of them1 that she owed the       
possibility of the ambassadress of      
,sweden's being able to dare insult that
 unfortunate princess in her very       
palace8'  ,mme4 de ,stael's envoys1 who 
manifested some confusion at the        
fidelity of my memory1 implored me to   
forget the past1 think only of the      
future1 and remember that the genius of 
,mme4 de ,stael1 whose reputation was   
,european1 might be of the utmost       
advantage1 or the reverse4 ,tired of    
disputing ,i yielded2 consented to      
receive this femme celebre1 as they all 
called her1 and fixed for her reception 
the same day ,i had notified to ,mme4 de
 ,genlis4  ,my brother has said1        
',punctuality is the politeness of      
kings'--words as true and just as they  
are happily expressed2 and the princes  
of my family have never been found      
wanting in good manners2 so ,i was in my
 study waiting when ,mme4 de ,genlis was
 announced4 ,i was astonished at the    

sight of a long1 dry woman1 with a      
swarthy complexion1 dressed in a printed
 cotton gown1 any thing but clean1 and a
 shawl covered with dust1 her           
habit-shirt1 her hair even bearing marks
 of great negligence4 ,i had read her   
works1 and remembering all she said     
about neatness1 and cleanliness1 and    
proper attention to one's dress1 ,i     
thought she added another to the many   
who fail to add example to their        
precepts4 ,while making these           
reflections1 ,mme4 de ,genlis was firing
 off a volley of curtsies2 and upon     
finishing what she deemed the requisite 
number1 she pulled out of a great huge  
bag four manuscripts of enormous        
dimensions4  ',i bring1' commenced the  
lady1 'to your royal highness what will 
amply repay any kindness you may show to
 me--,no4 #a is a plan of conduct1 and  
the project of a constitution2 ,no4 #b  
contains a collection of speeches in    
answer to those likely to be addressed  
to ,monsieur2 ,no4 #c1 addresses and    

letters proper to send to foreign       
powers1 the provinces1 c41 and in ,no4  
#d1 ,monsieur will find a plan of       
education1 the only one proper to be    
persued by royalty1 in reading which1   
your royal highness will feel as        
convinced of the extent of my           
acquirements as of the purity of my     
loyalty4'  ,many in my place might have 
been angry2 but1 on the contrary1 ,i    
thanked her with an air of polite       
sincerity for the treasures she was so  
obliging as to confide to me1 and then  
condoled with her upon the misfortunes  
she had endured under the tyranny of    
,bonaparte4  ',alas6 ,monsieur1 this    
abominable despot dared to make a mere  
plaything of me6 and yet ,i strove1 by  
wise advice1 to guide him right1 and    
teach him to regulate his conduct       
properly3 but he would not be led4 ,i   
even offered to mediate between him and 
the pope1 but he did not even so much as
 answer me upon this subject2 although  
7being a most profound theologian7 ,i   

could have smoothed almost all          
difficulties when the ,concordat was in 
question4'  ,this last piece of         
pretension was almost too much for my   
gravity4 ,however1 ,i applauded the zeal
 of this new mother of the church1 and  
was going to put an end to the          
interview1 when it came into my head to 
ask her if she was well acquainted with 
,mme4 de ,stael4  ',god forbid6' cried  
she1 making a sign of the cross3 ',i    
have no acquaintance with such people2  
and ,i but do my duty in warning those  
who have not perused the works of that  
lady1 to bear in mind that they are     
written in the worst possible taste1 and
 are also extremely immoral4 ,let your  
royal highness turn your thoughts from  
such books2 you will find in mine all   
that is necessary to know4 ,i suppose   
,monsieur has not yet seen ,little      
,necker8'  ',mme4 la ,baronne de ,stael 
,holstein has asked for an audience1 and
 ,i even suspect she may be already     
arrived at the ,tuileries4'  ',let your 

royal highness beware of this woman6    
,see in her the implacable enemy of the 
,bourbons1 and in me their most devoted 
slave4'  ,this new proof of the want of 
memory in ,madame de ,genlis amused me  
as much as the other absurdities she had
 favored me with2 and ,i was in the act 
of making her the ordinary salutations  
of adieu1 when ,i observed her blush    
purple1 and her proud rival entered4    
,the two ladies exchanged a haughty bow1
 and the comedy1 which had just finished
 with the departure of ,mme4 de ,genlis1
 recommenced under a different form when
 ,mme4 de ,stael appeared on the stage4 
,the baroness was dressed1 not certainly
 dirty1 like the countess1 but quite as 
absurdly4 ,she wore a red satin gown1   
embroidered with flowers of gold and    
silk2 a profusion of diamonds2 rings    
enough to stock a pawnbroker's shop2    
and1 ,i must add1 that ,i never before  
saw so low a cut corsage display less   
inviting charms4 ,upon her head was a   
huge turban1 constructed on the pattern 

of that worn by the ,cumean sybil1 which
 put a finishing stroke to a costume so 
little in harmony with her style of     
face4 ,i scarcely understand how a woman
 of genius can have such a false1 vulgar
 taste4 ,mme4 de ,stael began by        
apologizing for occupying a few moments 
which she doubted not ,i should have    
preferred giving to ,mme4 de ,genlis4   
',she is one of the illustrations of the
 day1' observed she1 with a sneering    
smile--'a colossus of religious faith1  
and represents in her person1 she       
fancies1 all the literature of the age4 
,ah6 ah6 ,monsieur1 in the hands of such
 people the world would soon retrograde2
 while it should1 on the contrary1 be   
impelled forward1 and your royal        
highness be the first to put yourself at
 the head of this great movement4 ,to   
you should belong the glory of giving   
the impulse1 guided by my experience4'  
',come1' thought ,i1 'here is another   
going to plague me with plans of        
conduct1 and constitutions1 and reforms1

 which ,i am to persuade the king my    
brother to adopt4 ,it seems to be an    
insanity in ,france this composing of   
new constitutions4' ,while ,i was making
 these reflections1 madame had time to  
give utterance to a thousand fine       
phrases1 every one more sublime than the
 preceding4 ,however1 to put an end to  
them1 ,i asked her if there was any     
thing she wished to demand4  ',ah1      
dear6--oh yes1 prince6' replied the lady
 in an indifferent tone4 ',a mere       
trifle--less than nothing--two millions1
 without counting the interest at five  
per cent4 ,but these are matters ,i     
leave entirely to my men of business1   
being for my own part much more absorbed
 in politics and the science of         
government4'  ',alas6 madame1 the king  
has arrived in ,france with his mind    
made up upon most subjects1 the fruit of
 twenty-five years' meditation2 and ,i  
fear he is not likely to profit by your 
good intentions4'  ',then so much the   
worse for him and for ,france6 ,all the 

world knows what it cost ,bonaparte his 
refusing to follow my advice1 and pay me
 my two millions4 ,i have studied the   
,revolution profoundly1 followed it     
through all its phases1 and ,i flatter  
myself ,i am the only pilot who can hold
 with one hand the rudder of the state1 
if at least ,i have ,benjamin for       
steersman4'  ',benjamin6                
,benjamin--who8' asked ,i in surprise4  
',it would give me the deepest          
distress1' replied she1 'to think that  
the name of ,m4 le ,baron de ,rebecque  
,benjamin de ,constant has never reached
 the ears of your royal highness4 ,one  
of his ancestors saved the life of      
,henry ,quatre4 ,devoted to the         
descendants of this good king1 he is    
ready to serve them2 and among several  
constitutions he has in his portfolio1  
you will probably find one with         
annotations and reflections by myself1  
which will suit you4 ,adopt it1 and     
choose ,benjamin ,constant to carry the 
idea out4'  ,it seemed like a thing     

resolved--an event decided upon--this   
proposal of inventing a constitution for
 us4 ,i kept as long as ,i could upon   
the defensive1 but ,mme4 de ,stael1     
carried away by her zeal and her        
enthusiasm1 instead of speaking of what 
personally concerned herself1 knocked me
 about with arguments1 and crushed me   
under threats and menaces2 so1 tired to 
death of entertaining1 instead of a     
clever1 humble woman1 a roaring         
politician in petticoats1 ,i finished   
the audience1 leaving her as little     
satisfied as myself with the interview4 
,mme4 de ,genlis was ten times less     
disagreeable1 and twenty times more     
amusing4  ,that same evening ,i had ,m4 
le ,prince de ,talleyrand with me1 and  
,i was confounded by hearing him say1   
',so1 your royal highness has made ,mme4
 de ,stael completely quarrel with me   
now8'  ',me6 ,i never so much as        
pronounced your name4'                  
',notwithstanding that1 she is convinced
 that ,i am the person who prevents your

 royal highness from employing her in   
your political relations1 and that ,i am
 jealous of ,benjamin ,constant4 ,she is
 resolved on revenge4'  ',ha1 ha6--and  
what can she do8'  ',a very great deal  
of mischief1 ,monseigneur4 ,she has     
numerous partisans2 and if she declares 
herself ,bonapartiste1 we must look to  
ourselves4'  ',that would be curious4'  
',oh1 ,i shall take upon myself to      
prevent her going so far2 but she will  
be ,royalist no longer1 and we shall    
suffer from that4'  ,at this time ,i had
 not the remotest idea of what a mere   
man1 still less a mere woman1 could do  
in ,france3 but now ,i understand it    
perfectly1 and if ,mme4 de ,stael was   
living--,heaven pardon me6--,i would    
strike up a flirtation with her4        
,from ,chambers's ,edinburgh ,journal4  
,,the ,,smuggler ,,malgre ,,lui4        
,there is perhaps no more singular      
anomaly in the history of the human mind
 than the very different light in which 
a fraud is viewed according to the      

circumstances in which it is practised4 
,the singular revelations made to the   
,chancellor of the ,exchequer by a late 
deputation will probably be fresh in the
 remembrance of most of our readers4    
,even the learned gentleman himself     
could hardly maintain his professional  
gravity when informed of the ingenious  
contrivances adopted for defrauding the 
revenue4 ,advertisements floating       
through the air attached to balloons1   
,french gloves making their way into the
 kingdom in separate detachments of     
right and left hands1 mutilated clocks  
travelling without their wheels--such   
were some of the divers modes by which  
the law was declared to be evaded1 and  
the custom-house officers baffled4 ,we  
are by no means disposed either to think
 or speak with levity of this system of 
things4 ,however much a man may succeed 
in reconciling any fraud to his own     
conscience1 or however leniently it may 
be viewed by his fellow-men1 it will yet
 assuredly help to degrade his moral    

nature1 and its repetition will slowly1 
but surely1 deaden the silent monitor   
within his breast4 ,all we affirm is the
 well-known fact1 that laws are in most 
cases ineffective1 except in so far as  
they harmonize with the innate moral    
convictions of mankind2 and that many a 
man who would not for worlds cheat his  
next door neighbor of a penny1 will own 
without a blush1 and perhaps even with a
 smile of triumph1 that he has cheated  
the government of thousands6 ,it is not 
often1 however1 that so daring and      
successful a stroke of this nature is   
effected as that which we find related  
of a celebrated ,swiss jeweller1 who    
actually succeeded in making the ,french
 director-general of the customs act the
 part of a smuggler6  ,geneva1 as must  
be well known to all our readers1       
supplies half ,europe with her watches  
and her jewelry4 ,three thousand workmen
 are kept in continual employment by her
 master goldsmiths2 while seventy-five  
thousand ounces of gold1 and fifty      

thousand marks of silver1 annually      
change their form1 and multiply their   
value beneath their skilful hands6 ,the 
most fashionable jeweller's shop in     
,geneva is unquestionably that of       
,beautte2 his trinkets are those which  
beyond all others excite the longing of 
the ,parisian ladies4 ,a high duty is   
charged upon these in crossing the      
,french frontier2 but1 in consideration 
of a brokerage of five per cent41 ,m4   
,beautte undertakes to forward them     
safely to their destination through     
contraband channels2 and the bargain    
between the buyer and seller is         
concluded with this condition as openly 
appended and avowed as if there were no 
such personages as custom-house officers
 in the world4  ,all this went on       
smoothly for some years with ,m4        
,beautte2 but at length it so happened  
that ,m4 le ,comte de ,saint-,cricq1 a  
gentleman of much ability and vigilance 
was appointed director-general of the   
customs4 ,he heard so much of the skill 

evinced by ,m4 ,beautte in eluding the  
vigilance of his agents1 that he        
resolved personally to investigate the  
matter1 and prove for himself the truth 
of the reports4 ,he consequently        
repaired to ,geneva1 presented himself  
at ,m4 ,beautte's shop1 and purchased   
thirty thousand francs' worth of        
jewelry1 on the express condition that  
they should be transmitted to him free  
of duty on his return to ,paris4 ,m4    
,beautte accepted the proposed condition
 with the air of a man who was perfectly
 accustomed to arrangements of this     
description4 ,he1 however1 presented for
 signature to ,m4 de ,saint-,cricq a    
private deed1 by which the purchaser    
pledged himself to pay the customary    
five per cent4 smuggling dues1 in       
addition to the thirty thousand francs' 
purchase-money4  ,m4 de ,saint-,cricq   
smiled1 and taking the pen from the     
jeweller's hand1 affixed to the deed the
 following signature--,l4 de            
,saint-,cricq1 ,director-,general of the

 ,customs in ,france4 ,he then handed   
the document back to ,m4 ,beautte1 who  
merely glanced at the signature1 and    
replied with a courteous bow--          
,monsieur le ,directeur des ,douanes1 ,i
 shall take care that the articles which
 you have done me the honor of          
purchasing shall be handed to you in    
,paris directly after your arrival4 ,m4 
de ,saint-,cricq1 piqued by the man's   
cool daring and apparent defiance of his
 authority and professional skill1      
immediately ordered post-horses1 and    
without the delay of a single hour set  
out with all speed on the road to       
,paris4  ,on reaching the frontier1 the 
,director-,general made himself known to
 the employes who came forward to       
examine his carriage--informed the chief
 officer of the incident which had just 
occurred1 and begged of him to keep up  
the strictest surveillance along the    
whole of the frontier line1 as he felt  
it to be a matter of the utmost         
importance to place some check upon the 

wholesale system of fraud which had for 
some years past been practised upon the 
revenue by the ,geneva jewellers4 ,he   
also promised a gratuity of fifty       
louis-d'ors to whichever of the employes
 should be so fortunate as to seize the 
prohibited jewels--a promise which had  
the effect of keeping every officer on  
the line wide awake1 and in a state of  
full activity1 during the three         
succeeding days4  ,in the meanwhile ,m4 
de ,saint-,cricq reached ,paris1        
alighted at his own residence1 and after
 having embraced his wife and children1 
and passed a few moments in their       
society1 retired to his dressing-room1  
for the purpose of laying aside his     
travelling costume4 ,the first thing    
which arrested his attention when he    
entered the apartment was a very elegant
 looking casket1 which stood upon the   
mantelpiece1 and which he did not       
remember to have ever before seen4 ,he  
approached to examine it2 his name was  
on the lid2 it was addressed in full to 

,m4 le ,comte de ,saint-,cricq1         
,director-,general of ,customs4 ,he     
accordingly opened it without           
hesitation1 and his surprise and dismay 
may be conceived when1 on examining the 
contents1 he recognized at once the     
beautiful trinkets he had so recently   
purchased in ,geneva6  ,the count rung  
for his valet1 and inquired from him    
whether he could throw any light upon   
this mysterious occurrence4 ,the valet  
looked surprised1 and replied1 that on  
opening his master's portmanteau1 the   
casket in question was one of the first 
articles which presented itself to his  
sight1 and its elegant form and         
elaborate workmanship having led him to 
suppose it contained articles of value1 
he had carefully laid it aside upon the 
mantelpiece4 ,the count1 who had full   
confidence in his valet1 and felt       
assured that he was in no way concerned 
in the matter1 derived but little       
satisfaction from this account1 which   
only served to throw a fresh veil of    

mystery over the transaction2 and it was
 only some time afterwards1 and after   
long investigation1 that he succeeded in
 discovering the real facts of the case4
  ,beautte1 the jeweller1 had a secret  
understanding with one of the servants  
of the hotel at which the ,comte de     
,saint-,cricq lodged in ,geneva4 ,this  
man1 taking advantage of the hurried    
preparations for the count's departure1 
contrived to slip the casket unperceived
 into one of his portmanteaus1 and the  
ingenious jeweller had thus succeeded in
 making the ,director-,general of       
,customs one of the most successful     
smugglers in the kingdom6     ,,the     
,,true ,,history ,,of ,,agnes ,,sorel4  
,,by ,r4 ,h4 ,,horne1 ,,author ,,of     
,,orion1 ,,etc4   ,agnes ,sorel was born
 in #adji1 at the village of            
,fromenteau1 in ,touraine4 ,her father  
was the ,seigneur de ,st4 ,gerand1 a    
gentleman attached to the house of the  
,count de ,clermont4 ,at the age of     
fifteen1 she was placed as maid of honor

 to ,isabel of ,lorraine1 duchess of    
,anjou1 and accompanied this princess   
when she went to ,paris1 in #adca4  ,at 
this period1 ,agnes ,sorel was          
considered to be the most beautiful     
woman of her day4 ,her conversation and 
wit were equal to her beauty4 ,in the   
,histoire des ,favorites she is said to 
have been noble-minded1 full of         
generosity1 with sweetness of manners1  
and sincerity of heart4 ,the same writer
 adds that every body fell in love with 
her1 from the king to the humblest      
officers4 ,charles ,,vii4 became        
passionately attached to her2 and in    
order to insure her constant presence at
 court1 he placed her as maid of honor  
to the queen4 ,the amour was conducted  
with secrecy2 but the fact became       
manifest by the favors which the king   
lavished upon the relations of ,agnes1  
while she herself lived in great        
magnificence amidst a very poor court4  
,she was fond of splendor1 and has been 
quaintly described by ,monstrelet as    

having enjoyed all the pleasures of     
life1 in wearing rich clothes1 furred   
robes1 and golden chains of precious    
stones1 and whatever else she desired4  
,when she visited ,paris1 in attendance 
upon the queen1 the splendor and expense
 of ,agnes were so excessive that the   
people murmured greatly2 whereupon the  
proud beauty exclaimed against the      
,parisians as churls4  ,during the time 
that the ,english were actually in      
possession of a great part of ,france1  
it was in vain that the queen 7,mary of 
,anjou7 endeavored to rouse her husband 
from his lethargy4 ,that the king was   
not deficient in energy and physical    
courage1 is evident from the manner in  
which he signalized himself on various  
occasions4 ,at the siege of ,montereau  
in #adcg1 7according to the ,chronicle  
de ,charles ,,vii4 par ,m4 ,alain       
,chartier1 ,nevers1 #aeid17 he rushed to
 the assault1 now thrusting with the    
lance1 now assisting the artillery1 now 
superintending the various military     

engines for heaving masses of stone or  
wood2 but during the period             
above-mentioned he was lost to all sense
 of royal glory1 and had given himself  
up entirely to hunting and all sorts of 
pleasures4  ,he was recalled by ,agnes  
to a sense of what was due to his       
kingdom4 ,she told him1 one day1 says   
,brantoine1 that when she was a girl1 an
 astrologer had predicted that she would
 be loved by one of the most valiant    
kings of ,christendom2 that when ,his   
,majesty ,charles ,,vii4 had done her   
this honor1 she thought1 of course1 he  
was the valiant king who had been       
predicted2 but now1 finding he was so   
weak1 and had so little care as to what 
became of himself and his affairs1 she  
saw that she had made a mistake1 and    
that this valiant prince could not be   
,charles1 but the ,king of ,england4    
,saying these words1 ,agnes rose1 and   
bowing reverentially to the king1 asked 
leave to retire to the court of the     
,english king1 since the prophecy       

pointed at him4 ,charles1 she said1 was 
about to lose his crown1 and ,henry to  
unite it to his4 ,by this rebuke the    
king was much affected4 ,he gave up his 
hunting1 left his gardens for the field 
of battle1 and succeeded in driving the 
,english out of ,france4 ,this          
circumstance occasioned ,francis ,i4 to 
make the following verses1 which1 it is 
said1 he wrote under a portrait of      
,agnes3--      ,plus de louange et      
d'honneur tu merite1     ,la cause etant
 de ,france recouvrer1     ,que ce que  
peut dedans un cloitre ouvrer1          
,close nonnain1 ou bien devol hermite4  
,the king lavished gifts and honors upon
 ,agnes4 ,he built a chateau for her at 
,loches2 he gave her1 besides the comte 
de ,penthievre1 in ,bretagne1 the       
lordships of ,roche ,serviere1 of       
,issoudun1 in ,berri1 and the ,chateau  
de ,beaute1 at the extremity of the wood
 of ,vincennes1 that she might be1 as he
 said1 in deed and in name the ,queen of
 ,beauty4 ,it is believed that she never

 made a bad use of her influence with   
the king for any political purposes or  
unkind private feelings2 nevertheless1  
the ,dauphin 7afterwards ,louis ,,xi47  
conceived an implacable jealousy against
 her1 and carried his resentment so far1
 on one occasion1 as to give her a blow4
  ,she retired1 in #adde1 to ,loches1   
and for nearly five years declined      
appearing at court2 but the king's love 
for her still continued1 and he took    
many journeys into ,touraine to visit   
her4 ,but eventually the queen1 who had 
never forgotten her noble counsels to   
the king1 which had roused him from his 
lethargy1 persuaded her to return to    
court4  ,the queen appears to have felt 
no jealousy1 but to have had a regard   
for her4 ,it seems1 also1 that ,agnes   
had become very popular1 partly from her
 beauty and wit1 partly because she was 
considered in a great measure1 to have  
saved ,france1 and partly because she   
distributed large sums in alms to the   
poor1 and to repair decayed churches4   

,after the taking of ,rouen1 and the    
entire expulsion of the ,english from   
,france1 the king took up his           
winter-quarters in the ,abbey of        
,jumiege4 ,agnes hastened to the        
,chateau de ,masnal la ,belle1 a league 
distant from this abbey1 for the purpose
 of warning the king of a conspiracy4   
,the king only laughed at the           
intelligence2 but the death of ,agnes   
,sorel1 which immediately followed1     
gives some grounds for crediting the    
truth of the information which she      
communicated4 ,at this place ,agnes1    
still beautiful1 and in perfect health1 
was suddenly attacked by a dysentery    
which carried her off4 ,it is believed  
that she was poisoned4 ,some affirm that
 it was effected by direction of the    
,dauphin2 others accuse ,jacques ,coeur1
 the king's goldsmith 7as the master of 
the treasury was then called71 and      
others attribute it to female jealousy4 
,the account given of her death by      
,monstrelet is to the following effect3 

,agnes was suddenly attacked by a       
dysentery which could not be cured4 ,she
 lingered long1 and employed the time in
 prayer and repentance2 she often1 as he
 relates1 called upon ,mary ,magdalen1  
who had also been a sinner1 and upon    
,god and the blessed ,virgin for aid4   
,after receiving the sacrament1 she     
desired the book of prayers to be       
brought her1 in which she had written   
with her own hand the verses of ,st4    
,barnard1 and these she repeated4 ,she  
then made many gifts1 which were put    
down in writing3 and these1 including   
alms and the payment of her servants1   
amounted to #fj1jjj crowns4 ,the fair   
,agnes1 the once proud beauty1          
perceiving her end approaching1 and now 
feeling a disgust to life proportioned  
to the fulness of her past enjoyment of 
all its gayeties1 vanities1 and         
pleasures1 said to the ,lord de la      
,tremouille and others1 and in the      
presence of all her damsels1 that our   
insecure and worldly life was but a foul

 ordure4 ,she then requested her        
confessor to give her absolution1       
according to a form she herself         
dictated1 with which he complied4 ,after
 this1 she uttered a loud shriek1 and   
gave up the ghost4 ,she died on ,monday1
 the #ith day of ,february1 #addi1 about
 six o'clock in the afternoon1 in the   
fortieth year of her age4  ,this        
account1 though bearing every appearance
 of probability1 is yet open to some    
doubts1 from the manifestation of a     
tendency1 on the part of ,monstrelet1 to
 give a coloring to the event1 and to   
the character of ,agnes ,sorel4 ,he even
 attempts to throw a doubt upon her     
having been the king's mistress1        
treating the fact as a mere scandal4 ,he
 says that the affection of the king was
 attributable to her good sense1 her    
wit1 her agreeable manners1 and gayety1 
quite as much as to her beauty4 ,this   
was1 no doubt1 the case2 but it hardly  
helps the argument of the historian4    
,monstrelet finds it difficult1 however1

 to dispose of the children that she had
 by the king3 he admits that ,agnes had 
a daughter which she said was the       
king's1 but that he denied it4 ,the     
compilation by ,denys ,codefroy takes   
the same view1 but nearly the whole     
account is copied verbatim from         
,monstrelet1 without acknowledgment4    
,the heart and intestines of ,agnes were
 buried at ,jumiege4 ,her body was      
placed in the centre of the choir of the
 collegiate church of the ,chateau de   
,loches1 which she had greatly enriched4
  ,her tomb was in existence at ,loches1
 in #agib4 ,it was of black marble4 ,the
 figure of ,agnes was in white marble2  
her head resting upon a lozenge1        
supported by angels1 and two lambs were 
at her feet4  ,the writer of the life of
 ,agnes ,sorel in the ,biographie       
,universelle1 having access to printed  
books and ,,mss4 of ,french history     
which are not in the public libraries of
 this country1 the following statements 
are taken from that work3 the writer    

does not give his authorities4  ,the    
canons of the church pretended to be    
scandalized at having the tomb of ,agnes
 placed in their choir1 and begged      
permission of ,louis ,,xi4 to have it   
removed4 ,i consent1 replied the king1  
provided you give up all you have       
received from her bounty4  ,the poets of
 the day were profuse in their praises  
of the memory of ,agnes4 ,one of the    
most memorable of these is a poem by    
,baif1 printed at ,paris in #aegc4 ,in  
#aghi the library of the chapter of     
,loches possessed a manuscript          
containing nearly a thousand ,latin     
sonnets in praise of ,agnes1 all        
acrostics1 and made by a canon of that  
city4  ,a marble bust of her was long   
preserved at the ,chateau de ,chinon1   
and is now placed in the ,museum des    
,augustins4  ,agnes ,sorel had three    
daughters by ,charles ,,vii41 who all   
received dowries1 and were married at   
the expense of the crown4 ,they received
 the title of daughters of ,france1 the 

name given at that time to the natural  
daughters of the kings4 ,an account of  
the noble families into which they      
married1 together with the honors       
bestowed upon the brother of ,agnes1    
will be found in ,moreri's ,dictionnaire
 ,historique4     ,from the ,london     
,examiner4  ,,prospects ,,of ,,african  
,,colonization4   ,africa has never been
 propitious to ,european settlement or  
colonization1 but quite the contrary4   
,the last founded state of the          
,anglo-,american ,union1 of about two   
years' growth1 is alone1 at this moment1
 worth more than all that has been      
effected by the ,european race in       
,africa in two-and-twenty centuries4    
,the most respectable product of        
,african colonization is a ,cape boor1  
and this is certainly not a finished    
specimen of humanity4 ,assuredly1 for   
the last three hundred years1 ,africa   
has done nothing for the nations of     
,europe but seduce them into crime1     
folly1 and extravagance4  ,the ,romans  

were the first ,european settlers in    
,africa2 it was at their very door1 and 
they held it for eight centuries4 ,now1 
there is not left in it hardly a trace  
of ,roman civilization2 certainly fewer1
 at all events1 than the ,arabs have    
left in ,spain4 ,the ,vandal occupation 
of ,mediterranean ,africa lasted only   
half a century4 ,we should not have     
known that ,vandals had ever set their  
feet on the ,continent but for the      
written records of civilized men4 ,there
 is nothing ,vandal there1 unless       
,vandalism in the abstract4 ,the ,dutch 
came next1 in order of time1 in another 
portion of ,africa1 and we have already 
alluded to the indistinct spoor which   
they have left behind them after an     
occupation of a hundred and fifty years4
  ,the ,english have settled in two     
different quarters of the ,african      
continent1 one of them within eight     
degrees of the equatorial line1 and the 
other some thirty-four south of it4 ,the
 first costs us civil establishments1   

forts1 garrisons1 and squadrons included
 7for out of ,africa and its people     
comes the supposed necessity for the    
squadron71 a good million a year4 ,the  
most valuable article we get from       
tropical ,africa is the oil of a certain
 palm1 which contributes largely towards
 an excise duty of about a million and a
 half a year1 levied on what has been   
justly called a second necessary of     
life--to wit1 soap4  ,we have been in   
possession of the southern promontory of
 ,africa for above fifty years4 ,in this
 time1 besides its conquest twice over  
from a ,european power1 and in addition 
to fleets and armies1 it has cost us1 in
 mere self-defence against savages1     
three million pounds1 while at this     
moment we are engaged in the same kind  
of defence1 with the tolerable certainty
 of incurring another million4 ,no one  
will venture to say that this sum alone 
does not far exceed the value of the fee
 simple and sovereignty of the southern 
promontory of ,africa4 ,what we get from

 it consists chiefly in some purgative  
aloes1 a little indifferent wool1 and a 
good deal of execrable wine1 on the     
importation of which we pay a virtual   
bounty6 ,as for our subjects in this    
part of the ,african continent1 they    
amount to about two hundred thousand1   
and are composed of ,anglo-,saxons1     
,dutch1 ,malays1 ,hottentots1 ,bushmen1 
,gaikas1 ,tambookies1 ,amagarkas1       
,zulas1 and ,amazulas1 speaking a very  
,babel of ,african1 ,asiatic1 and       
,european tongues1 perilous to delicate 
organic structures even to listen to4   
,now for ,french ,african colonization4 
,if we have not been very wise          
ourselves1 our neighbors1 who have never
 been eminently happy in their attempts 
at colonization1 have been much less so4
 ,they have been in possession of an    
immense territory in ,algeria for twenty
 years1 and have now about fifty        
thousand colonists there1 with an army  
which has generally not been less than  
one hundred thousand1 so that every     

colonist requires two soldiers to keep  
his throat from being cut1 and his      
property from being robbed or stolen4   
,this is about ten times the regular    
army that protects twenty-eight millions
 of ,anglo-,americans from nearly all   
the savages of ,north ,america4 ,the    
local revenue of ,algeria is half a     
million sterling2 but the annual cost of
 the experiment to ,france amounts to   
eight times as much as the revenue2 and 
it has been computed that the whole     
charge to the ,french nation1 from first
 to last 7it goes on at the same rate71 
has been sixty million pounds4 ,this is 
without exception the most monstrous    
attempt at colonization that has ever   
been made by man4 ,if war should        
unfortunately arise with any maritime   
power1 the matter will be still worse4  
,at least one hundred thousand of the   
flower of the ,french army will then be 
worse than lost to ,france4 ,for1 pent  
up as it will be in a narrow strip of   
eighty miles broad along the shore of   

the ,mediterranean1 it may be blockaded 
from the sea by any superior naval      
power2 and assuredly will be so1 from   
the side of the desert1 by a native one4
 ,to hold ,algeria is to cripple        
,france4  ,what1 then1 is the cause of  
the fatality which has thus ever        
attended ,african colonization by       
,europeans8 ,in tropical ,africa1 the   
heat and insalubrity1 and consequently  
the total unfitness for ,european life1 
are causes quite sufficient to account  
for the failure2 and the failure has    
been eminent with ,french1 ,dutch1      
,english1 and ,danes4 ,but this will not
 account for want of success in         
temperate ,africa1 whether beyond the   
northern or southern tropic4 ,the       
climate of this last1 especially1 is    
very good2 and that of the first being  
nearly the same as their own1 ought not 
to be hurtful to the constitutions of   
southern ,europeans4  ,drought1 and the 
intermixture of deserts and wastes of   
sand with fertile lands1 after the      

manner of a chess-board1 without the    
regularity1 is1 of course1 unpropitious 
to colonization1 but cannot prevent its 
advancement1 as we see by the progress  
of our ,australian colonies4 ,these     
causes1 however1 combined with the      
character of the native or congenial    
inhabitants of the country1 have been   
quite sufficient to prove insuperable   
obstacles to a prosperous colonization4 
,a nomad and wandering population has in
 fact been generated1 incapable either  
of advancement or amalgamation1 having  
just a sufficient knowledge of the arts 
to be dangerous neighbors1 not capable  
of being driven to a distance from the  
settlers1 nor likely to be destroyed by 
gunpowder or brandy4 ,the lion and      
shepherd recede before the white man in 
southern ,africa1 but not the ,caffir4  
,the inhabitant of northern ,africa1    
whether ,arabian or ,numidian1 is1 in   
relation to an ,european colony1 only a 
more formidable ,caffir1 from greater   
numbers and superior skill4 ,heretofore1

 a garrison of five thousand men at the 
most has been sufficient to protect the 
,cape colony1 although six thousand     
miles distant from ,england4 ,the       
territory of ,algeria1 of about the same
 extent1 requires about twenty times    
that number1 although within a day's    
sail of ,france4 ,arab and ,numidian    
seem to be alike untamable both by      
position and by race4 ,the ,arabs 7and  
it shows they were capable of better    
things7 were a civilized and industrious
 people while in the fair regions of    
,spain2 driven from it1 they have       
degenerated into little more than       
predatory shepherds1 or freebooters2 but
 they are only the more formidable to   
civilized men on this very account4     
,what1 then1 will be the fate of the    
,french and ,english colonies in        
temperate ,africa8 ,we confess we can   
hardly venture to predict4 ,assuredly1  
neither north nor south ,africa will    
ever give birth to a great or           
flourishing community1 such as ,north   

,america has done1 and as ,australia and
 ,new ,zealand will certainly do4 ,the  
,caffirs may possibly be driven to a    
distance1 after a long course of trouble
 and expense2 but the ,arabs and        
,kabyles are as inexpungable as the     
wandering tribes of ,arabia ,petraea or 
,tartary4 ,with them1 neither expulsion1
 nor extermination1 nor amalgamation is 
practicable4 ,very likely ,france and   
,england will get heartily tired of     
paying yearly millions for their        
unavailable deserts1 and there is no    
knowing what they may be driven to do in
 such an extremity4 ,at all events1 we  
may safely assert that ,france would    
have saved sixty millions of pounds1 and
 the interminable prospect of a         
proportional annual expenditure1 had she
 confined herself to the town and       
fortress of ,algiers2 and ,england would
 have been richer and wiser1 had she    
kept within the bounds of the original  
,dutch colony4 ,the best thing we       
ourselves can do with our extra-tropical

 ,africa1 is to leave the colonists to  
govern1 and also to defend themselves   
from all but enemies by sea3 that the   
,french1 unfortunately1 cannot do4      
,,my ,,novel3  ,,or1 ,,varieties ,,in   
,,english ,,life4  ,,by ,,pisistratus   
,,caxton4  ,continued from page #bfi4   
,,book ,v4--,,initial ,,chapter4  ,i    
hope1 ,pisistratus1 said my father1 that
 you do not intend to be dull6  ,heaven 
forbid1 sir6 what could make you ask    
such a question8 ,intend6 ,no6 if ,i am 
dull it is from innocence4  ,a very long
 ,discourse upon ,knowledge6 said my    
father2 very long4 ,i should cut it out6
  ,i looked upon my father as a         
,byzantian sage might have looked on a  
,vandal4 ,cut it out6  ,stops the       
action1 sir6 said my father1            
dogmatically4  ,action6 ,but a novel is 
not a drama4  ,no1 it is a great deal   
longer--twenty times as long1 ,i dare   
say1 replied ,mr4 ,caxton with a sigh4  
,well1 sir--well6 ,i think my ,discourse
 upon ,knowledge has much to do with the

 subject--is vitally essential to the   
subject2 does not stop the action--only 
explains and elucidates the action4 ,and
 ,i am astonished1 sir1 that you1 a     
scholar1 and a cultivator of knowledge--
  ,there--there6 cried my father1       
deprecatingly2 ,i yield--,i yield4 ,what
 better could ,i expect when ,i set up  
for a critic6 ,what author ever lived   
that did not fly into a passion--even   
with his own father1 if his father      
presumed to say--',cut out6' ,pacem     
imploro--  ,mrs4 ,caxton4--,my dear     
,austin1 ,i am sure ,pisistratus did not
 mean to offend you1 and ,i have no     
doubt he will take your--  ,pisistratus1
 7hastily47--,advice for the future1    
certainly4 ,i will quicken the action   
and--  ,go on with the ,novel1 whispered
 ,roland1 looking up from his eternal   
account-book4 ,we have lost ,l#bjj by   
our barley6  ,therewith ,i plunged my   
pen into the ink1 and my thoughts into  
the ,fair ,shadowland4   ,,chapter ,,ii4
  ,halt6 cried a voice2 and not a little

 surprised was ,leonard when the        
stranger who had accosted him the       
preceding evening got into the chaise4  
,well1 said ,richard1 ,i am not the sort
 of man you expected1 eh6 ,take time to 
recover yourself4 ,and with these words 
,richard drew forth a book from his     
pocket1 threw himself back1 and began to
 read4 ,leonard stole many a glance at  
the acute1 hardy1 handsome face of his  
companion1 and gradually recognized a   
family likeness to poor ,john1 in whom1 
despite age and infirmity1 the traces of
 no common share of physical beauty were
 still evident4 ,and1 with that quick   
link in ideas which mathematical        
aptitude bestows1 the young student at  
once conjectured that he saw before him 
his uncle ,richard4 ,he had the         
discretion1 however1 to leave that      
gentleman free to choose his own time   
for introducing himself1 and silently   
revolved the new thoughts produced by   
the novelty of his situation4 ,mr4      
,richard read with notable              

quickness--sometimes cutting the leaves 
of the book with his penknife1 sometimes
 tearing them open with his forefinger1 
sometimes skipping whole pages          
altogether4 ,thus he galloped to the end
 of the volume--flung it aside--lighted 
his cigar1 and began to talk4  ,he put  
many questions to ,leonard relative to  
his rearing1 and especially to the mode 
by which he had acquired his education2 
and ,leonard1 confirmed in the idea that
 he was replying to a kinsman1 answered 
frankly4  ,richard did not think it     
strange that ,leonard should have       
acquired so much instruction with so    
little direct tuition4 ,richard ,avenel 
himself had been tutor to himself4 ,he  
had lived too long with our go-ahead    
brethren1 who stride the world on the   
other side the ,atlantic with the       
seven-leagued boots of the              
,giant-killer1 not to have caught their 
glorious fever for reading4 ,but it was 
for a reading wholly different from that
 which was familiar to ,leonard4 ,the   

books he read must be new2 to read old  
books would have seemed to him going    
back in the world4 ,he fancied that new 
books necessarily contained new ideas--a
 common mistake--and our lucky          
adventurer was the man of his day4      
,tired with talking1 he at length       
chucked the book he had run through to  
,leonard1 and1 taking out a pocket-book 
and pencil1 amused himself with         
calculations on some detail of his      
business1 after which he fell into an   
absorbed train of thought--part         
pecuniary1 part ambitious4  ,leonard    
found the book interesting2 it was one  
of the numerous works1 half-statistic1  
half-declamatory1 relating to the       
condition of the working-classes1 which 
peculiarly distinguish our century1 and 
ought to bind together rich and poor1 by
 proving the grave attention which      
modern society bestows upon all that can
 affect the welfare of the last4  ,dull 
stuff--theory--clap-trap1 said ,richard1
 rousing himself from his reverie at    

last3 it can't interest you4  ,all books
 interest me1 ,i think1 said ,leonard1  
and this especially2 for it relates to  
the working-class1 and ,i am one of     
them4  ,you were yesterday1 but you     
mayn't be to-morrow1 answered ,richard  
good-humoredly1 and patting him on the  
shoulder4 ,you see1 my lad1 that it is  
the middle class which ought to govern  
the country4 ,what the book says about  
the ignorance of country magistrates is 
very good2 but the man writes pretty    
considerable trash when he wants to     
regulate the number of hours a free-born
 boy should work at a factory--only ten 
hours a-day--pooh6 and so lose two to   
the nation6 ,labor is wealth3 and if we 
could get men to work twenty-four hours 
a-day1 we should be just twice as rich4 
,if the march of civilization is to     
proceed1 continued ,richard1 loftily1   
men1 and boys too1 must not lie a-bed   
doing nothing all night1 sir4 ,then with
 a complacent tone--,we shall get to the
 twenty-four hours at last2 and1 by gad1

 we must1 or we shan't flog the         
,europeans as we do now4  ,on arriving  
at the inn at which ,richard had first  
made acquaintance with ,mr4 ,dale1 the  
coach by which he had intended to       
perform the rest of the journey was     
found to be full4 ,richard continued to 
perform the journey in post chaises1 not
 without some grumbling at the expense1 
and incessant orders to the postboys to 
make the best of the way4 ,slow country 
this1 in spite of all its brag1 said    
he--very slow4 ,time is money--they know
 that in the ,states2 for why1 they are 
all men of business there4 ,always slow 
in a country where a parcel of lazy idle
 lords1 and dukes1 and baronets1 seem to
 think 'time is pleasure4'  ,towards    
evening the chaise approached the       
confines of a very large town1 and      
,richard began to grow fidgety4 ,his    
easy cavalier air was abandoned4 ,he    
withdrew his legs from the window1 out  
of which they had been luxuriously      
dangling2 pulled down his waistcoat2    

buckled more tightly his stock3 it was  
clear that he was resuming the decorous 
dignity that belongs to state4 ,he was  
like a monarch who1 after travelling    
happy and incognito1 returns to his     
capital4 ,leonard divined at once1 that 
they were nearing their journey's end4  
,humble foot-passengers now looked at   
the chaise1 and touched their hats4     
,richard returned the salutation with a 
nod--a nod less gracious than           
condescending4 ,the chaise turned       
rapidly to the left1 and stopped before 
a smart lodge1 very new1 very white1    
adorned with two ,doric columns in      
stucco1 and flanked by a large pair of  
gates4 ,hollo6 cried the postboy1 and   
cracked his whip4  ,two children were   
playing before the lodge1 and some      
clothes were hanging out to dry on the  
shrubs and pales round the neat little  
building4  ,hang those brats6 they are  
actually playing1 growled ,dick4 ,as ,i 
live1 the jade has been washing again6  
,stop1 boy4 ,during this soliloquy1 a   

good-looking young woman had rushed from
 the door--slapped the children1 as     
catching sight of the chaise1 they ran  
towards the house--opened the gates1    
and1 dropping a curtsey to the ground1  
seemed to wish that she could drop into 
it altogether1 so frightened and so     
trembling seemed she to shrink from the 
wrathful face which the master now put  
out of the window4  ,did ,i tell you1 or
 did ,i not1 said ,dick1 that ,i would  
not have these horrid disreputable clubs
 of yours playing just before my lodge  
gates8  ,please1 sir--  ,don't answer   
me4 ,and did ,i tell you1 or did ,i not1
 that the next time ,i saw you making a 
drying-ground of my lilacs1 you should  
go out1 neck and crop--  ,oh1 please1   
sir--  ,you leave my lodge next         
,saturday3 drive on1 boy4 ,the          
ingratitude and insolence of those      
common people are disgraceful to human  
nature1 muttered ,richard1 with an      
accent of the bitterest misanthropy4    
,the chaise wheeled along the smoothest 

and freshest of gravel roads1 and       
through fields of the finest land1 in   
the highest state of cultivation4 ,rapid
 as was ,leonard's survey1 his rural eye
 detected the signs of a master in the  
art agronomial4 ,hitherto he had        
considered the ,squire's model farm as  
the nearest approach to good husbandry  
he had seen3 for ,jackeymo's finer skill
 was developed rather on the minute     
scale of market-gardening than what can 
fairly be called husbandry4 ,but the    
,squire's farm was degraded by many old 
fashioned notions1 and concessions to   
the whim of the eye1 which would not be 
found in model farms now-a-days1--large 
tangled hedgerows1 which1 though they   
constitute one of the beauties most     
picturesque in old ,england1 make sad   
deductions from produce2 great trees1   
overshadowing the corn1 and harboring   
the birds2 little patches of rough sward
 left to waste2 and angles of woodland  
running into fields1 exposing them to   
rabbits1 and blocking out the sun4      

,these and such like blots on a         
gentleman's agriculture1 common-sense   
and ,giacomo had made clear to the acute
 comprehension of ,leonard4 ,no such    
faults were perceptible in ,richard     
,avenel's domain4 ,the fields lay in    
broad divisions1 the hedges were clipped
 and narrowed into their proper         
destination of mere boundaries4 ,not a  
blade of wheat withered under the cold  
shade of a tree2 not a yard of land lay 
waste2 not a weed was to be seen1 not a 
thistle to waft its baleful seed through
 the air3 some young plantations were   
placed1 not where the artist would put  
them1 but just where the farmer wanted a
 fence from the wind4 ,was there no     
beauty in this8 ,yes1 there was beauty  
of its kind--beauty at once recognizable
 to the initiated--beauty of use and    
profit--beauty that could bear a        
monstrous high rent4 ,and ,leonard      
uttered a cry of admiration which       
thrilled through the heart of ,richard  
,avenel4  ,this is farming6 said the    

villager4  ,well1 ,i guess it is1       
answered ,richard1 all his ill-humor    
vanishing4 ,you should have seen the    
land when ,i bought it4 ,but we new men1
 as they call us--7damn their           
impertinence7--are the new blood of this
 country4  ,richard ,avenel never said  
any thing more true4 ,long may the new  
blood circulate through the veins of the
 mighty giantess2 but let the grand     
heart be the same as it has beat for    
proud ages4  ,the chaise now passed     
through a pretty shrubbery1 and the     
house came into gradual view--a house   
with a portico--all the offices         
carefully thrust out of sight4  ,the    
postboy dismounted1 and rang the bell4  
,i almost think they are going to keep  
me waiting1 said ,mr4 ,richard1         
well-nigh in the very words of ,louis   
,,xiv4  ,but that fear was not          
realized--the door opened2 a well-fed   
servant out of livery presented himself4
 ,there was no hearty welcoming smile on
 his face1 but he opened the chaise-door

 with demure and taciturn respect4      
,where's ,george8 why does not he come  
to the door8 asked ,richard1 descending 
from the chaise slowly1 and leaning on  
the servant's outstretched arm with as  
much precaution as if he had had the    
gout4  ,fortunately1 ,george here came  
into sight1 settling himself hastily    
into his livery coat4  ,see to the      
things1 both of you1 said ,richard1 as  
he paid the postboy4  ,leonard stood on 
the gravel sweep1 gazing at the square  
white house4  ,handsome                 
elevation--classical1 ,i take it--eh8   
said ,richard1 joining him4 ,but you    
should see the offices4  ,he then1 with 
familiar kindness1 took ,leonard by the 
arm1 and drew him within4 ,he showed him
 the hall1 with a carved mahogany stand 
for hats2 he showed him the             
drawing-room1 and pointed out its       
beauties--though it was summer the      
drawing-room looked cold1 as will look  
rooms newly furnished1 with walls newly 
papered1 in houses newly built4 ,the    

furniture was handsome1 and suited to   
the rank of a rich trader4 ,there was no
 pretence about it1 and therefore no    
vulgarity1 which is more than can be    
said for the houses of many an honorable
 ,mrs4 ,somebody in ,mayfair1 with rooms
 twelve feet square1 chokeful of buhl1  
that would have had its proper place in 
the ,tuileries4 ,then ,richard showed   
him the library1 with mahogany          
book-cases and plate glass1 and the     
fashionable authors handsomely bound4   
,your new men are much better friends to
 living authors than your old families  
who live in the country1 and at most    
subscribe to a book-club4 ,then ,richard
 took him up-stairs1 and led him through
 the bedrooms--all very clean and       
comfortable1 and with every modern      
convenience2 and1 pausing in a very     
pretty single gentleman's chamber1 said1
 ,this is your den4 ,and now1 can you   
guess who ,i am8  ,no one but my ,uncle 
,richard could be so kind1 answered     
,leonard4  ,but the compliment did not  

flatter ,richard4 ,he was extremely     
disconcerted and disappointed4 ,he had  
hoped that he should be taken for a lord
 at least1 forgetful of all that he had 
said in disparagement of lords4  ,pish6 
said he at last1 biting his lip--so you 
don't think that ,i look like a         
gentleman6 ,come1 now1 speak honestly4  
,leonard wonderingly saw he had given   
pain1 and with the good breeding which  
comes instinctively from good nature1   
replied--,i judged you by your heart1   
sir1 and your likeness to my            
grandfather--otherwise ,i should never  
have presumed to fancy we could be      
relations4  ,hum6 answered ,richard4    
,you can just wash your hands1 and then 
come down to dinner2 you will hear the  
gong in ten minutes4 ,there's the       
bell--ring for what you want4  ,with    
that1 he turned on his heel2 and1       
descending the stairs1 gave a look into 
the dining-room1 and admired the plated 
salver on the sideboard1 and the king's 
pattern spoons and forks on the table4  

,then he walked to the looking-glass    
over the mantel-piece2 and1 wishing to  
survey the whole effect of his form1    
mounted a chair4 ,he was just getting   
into an attitude which he thought       
imposing1 when the butler entered1 and  
being ,london bred1 had the discretion  
to try to escape unseen2 but ,richard   
caught sight of him in the              
looking-glass1 and colored up to the    
temples4  ,jarvis1 said he              
mildly--,jarvis1 put me in mind to have 
these inexpressibles altered4           
,,chapter ,,iii4  ,apropos of the       
inexpressibles1 ,mr4 ,richard did not   
forget to provide his nephew with a much
 larger wardrobe than could have been   
thrust into ,dr4 ,riccabocca's knapsack4
 ,there was a very good tailor in the   
town1 and the clothes were very well    
made4 ,and1 but for an air more         
ingenuous1 and a cheek that1 despite    
study and night vigils1 retained much of
 the sunburnt bloom of the rustic1      
,leonard ,fairfield might now have      

almost passed1 without disparaging      
comment1 by the bow-window at ,white's4 
,richard burst into an immoderate fit of
 laughter when he first saw the watch   
which the poor ,italian had bestowed    
upon ,leonard2 but1 to atone for the    
laughter1 he made him a present of a    
very pretty substitute1 and bade him    
lock up his turnip4 ,leonard was more   
hurt by the jeer at his old patron's    
gift than pleased by his uncle's4 ,but  
,richard ,avenel had no conception of   
sentiment4 ,it was not for many days    
that ,leonard could reconcile himself to
 his uncle's manner4 ,not that the      
peasant could pretend to judge of its   
mere conventional defects2 but there is 
an ill breeding to which1 whatever our  
rank and nurture1 we are almost equally 
sensitive--the ill breeding that comes  
from want of consideration for others4  
,now1 the ,squire was as homely in his  
way as ,richard ,avenel1 but the        
,squire's bluntness rarely hurt the     
feelings3 and when it did so1 the       

,squire perceived and hastened to repair
 his blunder4 ,but ,mr4 ,richard1       
whether kind or cross1 was always       
wounding you in some little delicate    
fibre--not from malice1 but from the    
absence of any little delicate fibres of
 his own4 ,he was really1 in many       
respects1 a most excellent man1 and     
certainly a very valuable citizen4 ,but 
his merits wanted the fine tints and    
fluent curves that constitute beauty of 
character4 ,he was honest1 but sharp in 
his practice1 and with a keen eye to his
 interests4 ,he was just1 but as a      
matter of business4 ,he made no         
allowances1 and did not leave to his    
justice the large margin of tenderness  
and mercy4 ,he was generous1 but rather 
from an idea of what was due to himself 
than with much thought of the pleasure  
he gave to others2 and he even regarded 
generosity as a capital put out to      
interest4 ,he expected a great deal of  
gratitude in return1 and1 when he       
obliged a man1 considered that he had   

bought a slave4 ,every needy voter knew 
where to come1 if he wanted relief or a 
loan2 but woe to him if he had ventured 
to express hesitation when ,mr4 ,avenel 
told him how he must vote4  ,in this    
town ,richard had settled after his     
return from ,america1 in which country  
he had enriched himself--first1 by      
spirit and industry--lastly1 by bold    
speculation and good luck4 ,he invested 
his fortune in business--became a       
partner in a large brewery--soon bought 
out his associates--and then took a     
principal share in a flourishing        
corn-mill4 ,he prospered rapidly--bought
 a property of some two or three hundred
 acres1 built a house1 and resolved to  
enjoy himself1 and make a figure4 ,he   
had now become the leading man of the   
town1 and the boast to ,audley ,egerton 
that he could return one of the members1
 perhaps both1 was by no means an       
exaggerated estimate of his power4 ,nor 
was his proposition1 according to his   
own views1 so unprincipled as it        

appeared to the statesman4 ,he had taken
 a great dislike to both the sitting    
members--a dislike natural to a sensible
 man of modern politics1 who had        
something to lose4 ,for ,mr4 ,slappe1   
the active member--who was              
head-over-ears in debt--was one of the  
furious democrats rare before the       
,reform ,bill--and whose opinions were  
held dangerous even by the mass of a    
liberal constituency2 while ,mr4        
,sleekie1 the gentleman member1 who laid
 by ,l#ejjj every year from his         
dividends in the ,funds1 was one of     
those men whom ,richard justly          
pronounced to be humbugs--men who curry 
favor with the extreme party by voting  
for measures sure not to be carried2    
while1 if there were the least          
probability of coming to a decision that
 would lower the money market1 ,mr4     
,sleekie was seized with a well-timed   
influenza4 ,those politicians are common
 enough now4 ,propose to march to the   
,millennium1 and they are your men4 ,ask

 them to march a quarter of a mile1 and 
they fall to feeling their pockets1 and 
trembling for fear of the footpads4     
,they are never so joyful as when there 
is no chance of a victory4 ,did they    
beat the ,minister1 they would be       
carried out of the house in a fit4      
,richard ,avenel--despising both these  
gentlemen1 and not taking kindly to the 
,whigs since the great ,whig leaders    
were ,lords--looked with a friendly eye 
to the ,government as it then existed1  
and especially to ,audley ,egerton1 the 
enlightened representative of commerce4 
,but in giving ,audley and his          
colleagues the benefit of his influence1
 through conscience1 he thought it all  
fair and right to have a quid pro quo1  
and1 as he had so frankly confessed1 it 
was his whim to rise up ,sir ,richard4  
,for this worthy citizen abused the     
aristocracy much on the same principle  
as the fair ,olivia depreciated ,squire 
,thornhill--he had a sneaking affection 
for what he abused4 ,the society of     

,screwstown was1 like most provincial   
capitals1 composed of two classes--the  
commercial and the exclusive4 ,these    
last dwelt chiefly apart1 around the    
ruins of an old abbey2 they affected its
 antiquity in their pedigrees1 and had  
much of its ruin in their finances4     
,widows of rural thanes in the          
neighborhood--genteel                   
spinsters--officers retired on          
half-pay--younger sons of rich squires1 
who had now become old bachelors--in    
short1 a very respectable1 proud1       
aristocratic set--who thought more of   
themselves than do all the ,gowers and  
,howards1 ,courtenays and ,seymours1 put
 together4 ,it had early been the       
ambition of ,richard ,avenel to be      
admitted into this sublime coterie2 and1
 strange to say1 he had partially       
succeeded4 ,he was never more happy than
 when he was asked to their             
card-parties1 and never more unhappy    
than when he was actually there4        
,various circumstances combined to raise

 ,mr4 ,avenel into this elevated        
society4 ,first1 he was unmarried1 still
 very handsome1 and in that society     
there was a large proportion of unwedded
 females4 ,secondly1 he was the only    
rich trader in ,screwstown who kept a   
good cook1 and professed to give        
dinners1 and the half-pay captains and  
colonels swallowed the host for the sake
 of the venison4 ,thirdly1 and          
principally1 all these exclusives       
abhorred the two sitting members1 and   
idem nolle idem velle de republica1 ea  
firma amicitia est2 that is1            
congeniality in politics pieces         
porcelain and crockery together better  
than the best diamond cement4 ,the      
sturdy ,richard ,avenel--who valued     
himself on ,american independence--held 
these ladies and gentlemen in an awe    
that was truly ,brahminical4 ,whether it
 was that1 in ,england1 all notions1    
even of liberty1 are mixed up           
historically1 traditionally1 socially1  
with that fine and subtle element of    

aristocracy which1 like the press1 is   
the air we breathe2 or whether ,richard 
imagined that he really became          
magnetically imbued with the virtues of 
these silver pennies and gold           
seven-shilling pieces1 distinct from the
 vulgar coinage in popular use1 it is   
hard to say4 ,but the truth must be     
told--,richard ,avenel was a notable    
tuft-hunter4 ,he had a great longing to 
marry out of this society2 but he had   
not yet seen any one sufficiently       
high-born and high-bred to satisfy his  
aspirations4 ,in the mean while1 he had 
convinced himself that his way would be 
smooth could he offer to make his       
ultimate choice ,my ,lady2 and he felt  
that it would be a proud hour in his    
life when he could walk before stiff    
,colonel ,pompley to the sound of ,sir  
,richard4 ,still1 however disappointed  
at the ill success of his bluff         
diplomacy with ,mr4 ,egerton1 and       
however yet cherishing the most         
vindictive resentment against that      

individual--he did not1 as many would   
have done1 throw up his political       
convictions out of personal spite4 ,he  
resolved still to favor the ungrateful  
and undeserving administration2 and as  
,audley ,egerton had acted on the       
representations of the mayor and        
deputies1 and shaped his bill to meet   
their views1 so ,avenel and the         
,government rose together in the popular
 estimation of the citizens of          
,screwstown4  ,but1 duly to appreciate  
the value of ,richard ,avenel1 and in   
just counterpoise to all his foibles1   
one ought to have seen what he had      
effected for the town4 ,well might he   
boast of new blood2 he had done as much 
for the town as he had for his fields4  
,his energy1 his quick comprehension of 
public utility1 backed by his wealth1   
and bold1 bullying1 imperious character1
 had sped the work of civilization as if
 with the celerity and force of a       
steam-engine4  ,if the town were so well
 paved and so well lighted--if          

half-a-dozen squalid lanes had been     
transformed into a stately street--if   
half the town no longer depended on     
tanks for their water--if the poor-rates
 were reduced one-third1--praise to the 
brisk new blood which ,richard ,avenel  
had infused into vestry and corporation4
 ,and his example itself was so         
contagious6 ,there was not a plate-glass
 window in the town when ,i came into   
it1 said ,richard ,avenel2 and now look 
down the ,high ,street6 ,he took the    
credit to himself1 and justly2 for1     
though his own business did not require 
windows of plate-glass1 he had awakened 
the spirit of enterprise which adorns a 
whole city4  ,mr4 ,avenel did not       
present ,leonard to his friends for more
 than a fortnight4 ,he allowed him to   
wear off his rust4 ,he then gave a grand
 dinner1 at which his nephew was        
formally introduced1 and1 to his great  
wrath and disappointment1 never opened  
his lips4 ,how could he1 poor youth1    
when ,miss ,clarina ,mowbray only talked

 upon high life2 till proud ,colonel    
,pompley went in state through the      
history of the siege of ,seringapatam4  
,,chapter ,,iv4  ,while ,leonard        
accustoms himself gradually to the      
splendors that surround him1 and often  
turns with a sigh to the remembrance of 
his mother's cottage and the sparkling  
fount in the ,italian's flowery garden1 
we will make with thee1 ,o reader1 a    
rapid flight to the metropolis1 and drop
 ourselves amidst the gay groups that   
loiter along the dusty ground1 or loll  
over the roadside palings of ,hyde      
,park4 ,the season is still at its      
height2 but the short day of fashionable
 ,london life1 which commences two hours
 after noon1 is in its decline4 ,the    
crowd in ,rotten ,row begins to thin4   
,near the statue of ,achilles1 and apart
 from all other loungers1 a gentleman1  
with one hand thrust into his waistcoat1
 and the other resting on his cane1     
gazed listlessly on the horsemen and    
carriages in the brilliant ring4 ,he was

 still in the prime of life1 at the age 
when man is usually the most            
social--when the acquaintances of youth 
have ripened into friendship1 and a     
personage of some rank and fortune has  
become a well-known feature in the      
mobile face of society4 ,but though1    
when his contemporaries were boys scarce
 at college1 this gentleman had blazed  
foremost amongst the princes of fashion1
 and though he had all the qualities of 
nature and circumstance which either    
retain fashion to the last1 or exchange 
its false celebrity for a graver repute1
 he stood as a stranger in that throng  
of his countrymen4 ,beauties whirled by 
to the toilet--statesmen passed on to   
the senate--dandies took flight to the  
clubs2 and neither nods1 nor becks1 nor 
wreathed smiles1 said to the solitary   
spectator1 ,follow us--thou art one of  
our set4 ,now and then1 some middle-aged
 beau1 nearing the post of the loiterer1
 turned round to look again2 but the    
second glance seemed to dissipate the   

recognition of the first1 and the beau  
silently continued his way4  ,by the    
tombs of my fathers6 said the solitary  
to himself1 ,i know now what a dead man 
might feel if he came to life again1 and
 took a peep at the living4  ,time      
passed on--the evening shades descended 
fast4 ,our stranger in ,london had      
well-nigh the ,park to himself4 ,he     
seemed to breathe more freely as he saw 
that the space was so clear4  ,there's  
oxygen in the atmosphere now1 said he1  
half aloud2 and ,i can walk without     
breathing in the gaseous fumes of the   
multitude4 ,o those chemists--what dolts
 they are6 ,they tell us crowds taint   
the air1 but they never guess why6 ,pah1
 it is not the lungs that poison the    
element--it is the reek of bad hearts4  
,when a periwig-pated fellow breathes on
 me1 ,i swallow a mouthful of care4     
,allons6 my friend ,nero2 now for a     
stroll4 ,he touched with his cane a     
large ,newfoundland dog1 who lay        
stretched near his feet2 a dog and man  

went slow through the growing twilight1 
and over the brown dry turf4 ,at length 
our solitary paused1 and threw himself  
on a bench under a tree4 ,half-past     
eight6 said he1 looking at his          
watch--one may smoke one's cigar without
 shocking the world4  ,he took out his  
cigar-case1 struck a light1 and in      
another moment reclined at length on the
 bench--seemed absorbed in regarding the
 smoke1 that scarce colored ere it      
vanished into air4  ,it is the most     
barefaced lie in the world1 my ,nero1   
said he1 addressing his dog1 this       
boasted liberty of man6 ,now here am ,i1
 a free-born ,englishman1 a citizen of  
the world1 caring--,i often say to      
myself--caring not a jot for ,kaisar or 
,mob2 and yet ,i no more dare smoke this
 cigar in the ,park at half-past six1   
when all the world is abroad1 than ,i   
dare pick my ,lord ,chancellor's pocket1
 or hit the ,archbishop of ,canterbury a
 thump on the nose4 ,yet no law in      
,england forbids me my cigar1 ,nero6    

,what is law at half-past eight1 was not
 crime at six and a-half6 ,britannia    
says1 ',man1 thou art free1' and she    
lies like a commonplace woman4 ,o ,nero1
 ,nero6 you enviable dog6--you serve but
 from liking4 ,no thought of the world  
costs you one wag of your tail4 ,your   
big heart and true instinct suffice you 
for reason and law4 ,you would want     
nothing to your felicity1 if in these   
moments of ennui you would but smoke a  
cigar4 ,try it1 ,nero6--try it6 ,and1   
rising from his incumbent posture1 he   
sought to force the end of the weed     
between the teeth of the dog4  ,while   
thus gravely engaged1 two figures had   
approached the place4 ,the one was a man
 who seemed weak and sickly4 ,his       
threadbare coat was buttoned to the     
chin1 but hung large on his shrunken    
breast4 ,the other was a girl of about  
fourteen1 on whose arm he leant heavily4
 ,her cheek was wan1 and there was a    
patient sad look on her face1 which     
seemed so settled that you would think  

she could never have known the          
mirthfulness of childhood4  ,pray rest  
here1 papa1 said the child softly2 and  
she pointed to the bench1 without taking
 heed of its pre-occupant1 who now1     
indeed1 confined to one corner of the   
seat1 was almost hidden by the shadow of
 a tree4  ,the man sat down with a      
feeble sigh2 and then1 observing the    
stranger1 raised his hat1 and said in   
that tone of voice which betrays the    
usages of polished society1 ,forgive me1
 if ,i intrude on you1 sir4  ,the       
stranger looked up from his dog1 and    
seeing that the girl was standing1 rose 
at once1 as if to make room for her on  
the bench4  ,but still the girl did not 
heed him4 ,she hung over her father1 and
 wiped his brow tenderly with a little  
kerchief which she took from her own    
neck for the purpose4  ,nero1 delighted 
to escape the cigar1 had taken to some  
unwieldy curvets and gambols1 to vent   
the excitement into which he had been   
thrown2 and now returning1 approached   

the bench with a low look of surprise1  
and sniffed at the intruders on his     
master's privacy4  ,come here1 sir1 said
 the master4 ,you need not fear him1 he 
added1 addressing himself to the girl4  
,but the girl1 without turning round to 
him1 cried in a voice rather of anguish 
than alarm1 ,he has fainted6 ,father6   
father6  ,the stranger kicked aside his 
dog1 which was in the way1 and loosened 
the poor man's stiff military stock4    
,while thus charitably engaged1 the moon
 broke out1 and the light fell full on  
the pale care-worn face of the          
unconscious sufferer4  ,this face seems 
not unfamiliar to me1 though sadly      
changed1 said the stranger to himself2  
and bending towards the girl1 who had   
sunk on her knees and was chafing her   
father's hands1 he asked1 ,my child1    
what is your father's name8  ,the child 
continued her task1 too absorbed to     
answer4  ,the stranger put his hand on  
her shoulder1 and repeated the question4
  ,digby1 answered the child1 almost    

unconsciously2 and as she spoke1 the    
man's senses began to return4 ,in a few 
minutes more he had sufficiently        
recovered to falter forth his thanks to 
the stranger4 ,but the last took his    
hand1 and said1 in a voice at once      
tremulous and soothing1 ,is it possible 
that ,i see once more an old brother in 
arms8 ,algernon ,digby1 ,i do not forget
 you2 but it seems ,england has         
forgotten6  ,a hectic flush spread over 
the soldier's face1 and he looked away  
from the speaker as he answered--  ,my  
name is ,digby1 it is true1 sir2 but ,i 
do not think we have met before4 ,come1 
,helen1 ,i am well now--we will go home4
  ,try and play with that great dog1 my 
child1 said the stranger--,i want to    
talk with your father4  ,the child bowed
 her submissive head1 and moved away2   
but she did not play with the dog4  ,i  
must re-introduce myself1 formally1 ,i  
see1 quoth the stranger4 ,you were in   
the same regiment with myself1 and my   
name is ,l',estrange4  ,my lord1 said   

the soldier1 rising1 forgive me that--  
,i don't think that it was the fashion  
to call me 'my lord' at the mess-table4 
,come1 what has happened to you8--on    
half pay8  ,mr4 ,digby shook his head   
mournfully4  ,digby1 old fellow1 can you
 lend me ,l#ajj8 said ,lord             
,l',estrange1 clapping his ci-devant    
brother officer on the shoulder1 and in 
a tone of voice that seemed like a      
boy's--so impudent was it and           
devil-me-carish4 ,no6 ,well1 that's     
lucky1 for ,i can lend it to you4  ,mr4 
,digby burst into tears4  ,lord         
,l',estrange did not seem to observe the
 emotion4 ,we were both sad extravagant 
fellows in our day1 said he1 and ,i dare
 say ,i borrowed of you pretty freely4  
,me6 ,oh1 ,lord ,l',estrange8  ,you have
 married since then1 and reformed1 ,i   
suppose4 ,tell me1 old friend1 all about
 it4  ,mr4 ,digby1 who by this time had 
succeeded in restoring some calm to his 
shattered nerves1 now rose1 and said in 
brief sentences1 but clear firm tones1--

  ,my ,lord1 it is idle to talk of      
me--useless to help me4 ,i am fast      
dying4 ,but1 my child there1 my only    
child1 7he paused an instant1 and went  
on rapidly47 ,i have relations in a     
distant country1 if ,i could but get to 
them--,i think they would at least      
provide for her4 ,this has been for     
weeks my hope1 my dream1 my prayer4 ,i  
cannot afford the journey except by your
 help4 ,i have begged without shame for 
myself2 shall ,i be ashamed1 then1 to   
beg for her8  ,digby1 said ,l',estrange 
with some grave alteration of manner1   
talk neither of dying1 nor begging4 ,you
 were nearer death when the balls       
whistled round you at ,waterloo4 ,if    
soldier meets soldier and says1         
',friend1 thy purse1' it is not begging1
 but brotherhood4 ,ashamed6 ,by the soul
 of ,belisarius6 if ,i needed money1 ,i 
would stand at a crossing with my       
,waterloo medal over my breast1 and say 
to each sleek citizen ,i had helped to  
save from the sword of the ,frenchman1  

',it is your shame if ,i starve4' ,now1 
lean upon me2 ,i see you should be at   
home--which way8  ,the poor soldier     
pointed his hand towards ,oxford        
,street1 and reluctantly accepted the   
proffered arm4  ,and when you return    
from your relations1 you will call on   
me8 ,what6--hesitate8 ,come1 promise4   
,i will4  ,on your honor4  ,if ,i live1 
on my honor4  ,i am staying at present  
at ,knightsbridge1 with my father2 but  
you will always hear of my address at   
,no4 -- ,grosvenor ,square1 ,mr4        
,egerton's4 ,so you have a long journey 
before you8  ,very long4  ,do not       
fatigue yourself--travel slowly4 ,ho1   
you foolish child6--,i see you are      
jealous of me4 ,your father has another 
arm to spare you4  ,thus talking1 and   
getting but short answers1 ,lord        
,l',estrange continued to exhibit those 
whimsical peculiarities of character1   
which had obtained for him the repute of
 heartlessness in the world4 ,perhaps   
the reader may think the world was not  

in the right4 ,but if ever the world    
does judge rightly of the character of a
 man who does not live for the world1   
nor talk of the world1 nor feel with the
 world1 it will be centuries after the  
soul of ,harley ,l',estrange has done   
with this planet4   ,,chapter ,v4  ,lord
 ,l',estrange parted company with ,mr4  
,digby at the entrance of ,oxford       
,street4 ,the father and child there    
took a cabriolet4 ,mr4 ,digby directed  
the driver to go down the ,edgeware     
,road4 ,he refused to tell ,l',estrange 
his address1 and this with such evident 
pain1 from the sores of pride1 that     
,l',estrange could not press the point4 
,reminding the soldier of his promise to
 call1 ,harley thrust a pocket-book into
 his hand1 and walked off hastily       
towards ,grosvenor ,square4  ,he reached
 ,audley ,egerton's door just as that   
gentleman was getting out of his        
carriage2 and the two friends entered   
the house together4  ,does the nation   
take a nap to-night8 asked ,l',estrange4

 ,poor old lady6 ,she hears so much of  
her affairs1 that she may well boast of 
her constitution3 it must be of iron4   
,the ,house is still sitting1 answered  
,audley seriously1 and with small heed  
of his friend's witticism4 ,but it is   
not a ,government motion1 and the       
division will be late1 so ,i came home2 
and if ,i had not found you here1 ,i    
should have gone into the park to look  
for you4  ,yes--one always knows where  
to find me at this hour1 #i o'clock     
,p4,m4--cigar--,hyde ,park4 ,there is   
not a man in ,england so regular in his 
habits4  ,here the friends reached a    
drawing-room in which the member of     
,parliament seldom sat1 for his private 
apartments were all on the ground floor4
  ,but it is the strangest whim of      
yours1 ,harley1 said he4  ,what8  ,to   
affect detestation of ground-floors4    
,affect6 ,o sophisticated man1 of the   
earth1 earthy6 ,affect6--nothing less   
natural to the human soul than a        
ground-floor4 ,we are quite far enough  

from heaven1 mount as many stairs as we 
will1 without grovelling by preference4 
,according to that symbolical view of   
the case1 said ,audley1 you should lodge
 in an attic4  ,so ,i would1 but that ,i
 abhor new slippers4 ,as for            
hair-brushes1 ,i am indifferent6  ,what 
have slippers and hair-brushes to do    
with attics8  ,try6 ,make your bed in an
 attic1 and the next morning you will   
have neither slippers nor hair-brushes6 
,what shall ,i have done with them8     
,shied them at the cats6  ,what odd     
things you do say1 ,harley6  ,odd6 ,by  
,apollo and his nine spinsters6 there is
 no human being who has so little       
imagination as a distinguished ,member  
of ,parliament4 ,answer me this1 thou   
solemn right honorable--,hast thou      
climbed to the heights of august        
contemplation8 ,hast thou gazed on the  
stars with the rapt eye of song8 ,hast  
thou dreamed of a love known to the     
angels1 or sought to seize in the       
,infinite the mystery of life8  ,not ,i 

indeed1 my poor ,harley4  ,then no      
wonder1 poor ,audley1 that you cannot   
conjecture why he who makes his bed in  
an attic1 disturbed by base catterwauls1
 shies his slippers at cats4 ,bring a   
chair into the balcony4 ,nero spoiled my
 cigar to-night4 ,i am going to smoke   
now4 ,you never smoke4 ,you can look on 
the shrubs in the ,square4  ,audley     
slightly shrugged his shoulders1 but he 
followed his friend's counsel and       
example1 and brought his chair into the 
balcony4 ,nero came too1 but at sight   
and smell of the cigar prudently        
retreated1 and took refuge under the    
table4  ,audley ,egerton1 ,i want       
something from ,government4  ,i am      
delighted to hear it4  ,there was a     
cornet in my regiment1 who would have   
done better not to have come into it4   
,we were1 for the most part of us1      
puppies and fops4  ,you all fought well1
 however4  ,puppies and fops do fight   
well4 ,vanity and valor generally go    
together4 ,caesar1 who scratched his    

head with due care of his scanty curls1 
and1 even in dying1 thought of the folds
 in his toga2 ,walter ,raleigh1 who     
could not walk twenty yards1 because of 
the gems in his shoes2 ,alcibiades1 who 
lounged into the ,agora with doves in   
his bosom1 and an apple in his hand2    
,murat1 bedizened in gold lace and furs2
 and ,demetrius1 the ,city-,taker1 who  
made himself up like a ,french          
,marquise1--were all pretty good fellows
 at fighting4 ,a slovenly hero like     
,cromwell is a paradox in nature1 and a 
marvel in history4 ,but to return to my 
cornet4 ,we were rich2 he was poor4     
,when the pot of clay swims down the    
stream with the brass-pots1 it is sure  
of a smash4 ,men said ,digby was stingy2
 ,i saw he was extravagant4 ,but every  
one1 ,i fear1 would be rather thought   
stingy than poor4 ,bref4--,i left the   
army1 and saw him no more till to-night4
 ,there was never shabby poor gentleman 
on the stage more awfully shabby1 more  
pathetically gentleman4 ,but1 look ye1  

this man has fought for ,england4 ,it   
was no child's play at ,waterloo1 let me
 tell you1 ,mr4 ,egerton2 and1 but for  
such men1 you would be at best a        
sous-prefet1 and your ,parliament a     
,provincial ,assembly4 ,you must do     
something for ,digby4 ,what shall it be8
  ,why1 really1 my dear ,harley1 this   
man was no great friend of yours--eh8   
,if he were1 he would not want the      
,government to help him--he would not be
 ashamed of taking money from me4  ,that
 is all very fine1 ,harley2 but there   
are so many poor officers1 and so little
 to give4 ,it is the most difficult     
thing in the world that which you ask   
me4 ,indeed1 ,i know nothing can be     
done3 he has his half-pay8  ,i think    
not2 or1 if he has it1 no doubt it all  
goes on his debts4 ,that's nothing to   
us3 the man and his child are starving4 
,but if it is his own fault--if he has  
been imprudent8  ,ah--well1 well2 where 
the devil is ,nero8  ,i am so sorry ,i  
can't oblige you4 ,if it were any thing 

else--  ,there is something else4 ,my   
valet--,i can't turn him                
adrift--excellent fellow1 but gets drunk
 now and then4 ,will you find him a     
place in the ,stamp ,office8  ,with     
pleasure4  ,no1 now ,i think of it--the 
man knows my ways3 ,i must keep him4    
,but my old wine-merchant--civil man1   
never dunned--is a bankrupt4 ,i am under
 great obligations to him1 and he has a 
very pretty daughter4 ,do you think you 
could thrust him into some small place  
in the colonies1 or make him a ,king's  
,messenger1 or something of the sort8   
,if you very much wish it1 no doubt ,i  
can4  ,my dear ,audley1 ,i am but       
feeling my way3 the fact is1 ,i want    
something for myself4  ,ah1 that indeed 
gives me pleasure6 cried ,egerton1 with 
animation4  ,the mission to ,florence   
will soon be vacant--,i know it         
privately4 ,the place would quite suit  
me4 ,pleasant city2 the best figs in    
,italy--very little to do4 ,you could   
sound ,lord ---- on the subject4  ,i    

will answer beforehand4 ,lord ----would 
be enchanted to secure to the public    
service a man so accomplished as        
yourself1 and the son of a peer like    
,lord ,lansmere4  ,harley ,l',estrange  
sprang to his feet1 and flung his cigar 
in the face of a stately policeman who  
was looking up at the balcony4          
,infamous and bloodless official6 cried 
,harley ,l',estrange2 so you could      
provide for a pimple-nosed lackey--for a
 wine-merchant who has been poisoning   
the king's subjects with white-lead or  
sloe-juice--for an idle sybarite1 who   
would complain of a crumpled rose-leaf2 
and nothing1 in all the vast patronage  
of ,england1 for a broken down soldier1 
whose dauntless breast was her rampart6 
,harley1 said the member of ,parliament1
 with his calm1 sensible smile1 this    
would be a very good clap-trap at a     
small theatre2 but there is nothing in  
which ,parliament demands such rigid    
economy as the military branch of the   
public service2 and no man for whom it  

is so hard to effect what we must       
plainly call a job1 as a subaltern      
officer1 who has done nothing more than 
his duty--and all military men do that4 
,still1 as you take it so earnestly1 ,i 
will use what interest ,i can at the    
,war ,office1 and get him1 perhaps1 the 
mastership of a barrack4  ,you had      
better2 for if you do not1 ,i swear ,i  
will turn radical1 and come down to your
 own city to oppose you1 with ,hunt and 
,cobbett to canvass for me4  ,i should  
be very glad to see you come into       
,parliament1 even as a radical1 and at  
my expense1 said ,audley1 with great    
kindness4 ,but the air is growing cold1 
and you are not accustomed to our       
climate4 ,nay1 if you are too poetic for
 catarrhs and rheums1 ,i'm not--come in4
   ,,chapter ,,vi4  ,lord ,l',estrange  
threw himself on a sofa1 and leant his  
cheek on his hand thoughtfully4 ,audley 
,egerton sat near him1 with his arms    
folded1 and gazed on his friend's face  
with a soft expression of aspect1 which 

was very unusual to the firm outline of 
his handsome features4 ,the two men were
 as dissimilar in person as the reader  
will have divined that they were in     
character4 ,all about ,egerton was so   
rigid1 all about ,l',estrange so easy4  
,in every posture of ,harley there was  
the unconscious grace of a child4 ,the  
very fashion of his garments showed his 
abhorrence of restraint4 ,his clothes   
were wide and loose1 his neckcloth tied 
carelessly1 left his throat half bare4  
,you could see that he had lived much in
 warm and southern lands1 and contracted
 a contempt for conventionalities2 there
 was as little in his dress as in his   
talk of the formal precision of the     
north4 ,he was three or four years      
younger than ,audley1 but he looked at  
least twelve years younger4 ,in fact1 he
 was one of those men to whom old age   
seems impossible--voice1 look1 figure1  
had all the charm of youth2 and1        
perhaps1 it was from this gracious      
youthfulness--at all events1 it was     

characteristic of the kind of love he   
inspired--that neither his parents1 nor 
the few friends admitted into his       
intimacy1 ever called him1 in their     
habitual intercourse1 by the name of his
 title4 ,he was not ,l',estrange with   
them1 he was ,harley2 and by that       
familiar baptismal ,i will usually      
designate him4 ,he was not one of those 
men whom author or reader wish to view  
at a distance1 and remember as my       
lord--it was so rarely that he          
remembered it himself4 ,for the rest1 it
 had been said of him by a shrewd       
wit--,he is so natural1 that every one  
calls him affected4 ,harley ,l',estrange
 was not so critically handsome as      
,audley ,egerton2 to a commonplace      
observer he was1 at best1 rather        
good-looking than otherwise4 ,but women 
said that he had a beautiful            
countenance1 and they were not wrong4   
,he wore his hair1 which was of a fair  
chestnut1 long1 and in loose curls2 and 
instead of the ,englishman's whiskers1  

indulged in the foreigner's moustache4  
,his complexion was delicate1 though not
 effeminate2 it was rather the delicacy 
of a student than of a woman4 ,but in   
his clear gray eye there was wonderful  
vigor of life4 ,a skilful physiologist1 
looking only into that eye1 would have  
recognized rare stamina of              
constitution--a nature so rich that1    
while easily disturbed1 it would require
 all the effects of time1 or all the    
fell combinations of passion and grief1 
to exhaust it4 ,even now1 though so     
thoughtful1 and even so sad1 the rays of
 that eye were as concentred and        
stedfast as the light of the diamond4   
,you were only1 then1 in jest1 said     
,audley1 after a long silence1 when you 
spoke of this mission to ,florence4 ,you
 have still no idea of entering into    
public life4  ,none4  ,i had hoped      
better things when ,i got your promise  
to pass one season in ,london4 ,but1    
indeed1 you have kept your promise to   
the ear to break it to the spirit4 ,i   

could not presuppose that you would shun
 all society1 and be as much of a hermit
 here as under the vines of ,como4  ,i  
have sat in the ,strangers' ,gallery1   
and heard your great speakers2 ,i have  
been in the pit of the opera1 and seen  
your fine ladies2 ,i have walked your   
streets1 ,i have lounged in your parks1 
and ,i say that ,i can't fall in love   
with a faded dowager1 because she fills 
up her wrinkles with rouge4  ,of what   
dowager do you speak8 asked the         
matter-of-fact ,audley4  ,she has a     
great many titles4 ,some people call her
 fashion1 you busy men1 politics3 it is 
all one--tricked out and artificial4 ,i 
mean ,london life4 ,no1 ,i can't fall in
 love with her1 fawning old harridan6   
,i wish you could fall in love with     
something4  ,i wish ,i could1 with all  
my heart4  ,but you are so blase4  ,on  
the contrary1 ,i am so fresh4 ,look out 
of the window--what do you see8         
,nothing6  ,nothing--  ,nothing but     
houses and dusty lilacs1 my coachman    

dozing on his box1 and two women in     
pattens crossing the kennel4  ,i see    
none of that where ,i lie on the sofa4  
,i see but the stars4 ,and ,i feel for  
them as ,i did when ,i was a schoolboy  
at ,eton4 ,it is you who are blase1 not 
,i--enough of this4 ,you do not forget  
my commission1 with respect to the exile
 who has married into your brother's    
family8  ,no2 but here you set me a task
 more difficult than that of saddling   
your cornet on the ,war ,office4  ,i    
know it is difficult1 for the counter   
influence is vigilant and strong2 but1  
on the other hand1 the enemy is so      
damnable a traitor that one must have   
the ,fates and the household gods on    
one's side4  ,nevertheless1 said the    
practical ,audley1 bending over a book  
on the table1 ,i think that the best    
plan would be to attempt a compromise   
with the traitor4  ,to judge of others  
by myself1 answered ,harley with spirit1
 it were less bitter to put up with     
wrong than to palter with it for        

compensation4 ,and such wrong6          
,compromise with the open foe--that may 
be done with honor2 but with the        
perjured friend--that were to forgive   
the perjury4  ,you are too vindictive1  
said ,egerton2 there may be excuses for 
the friend1 which palliate even--       
,hush6 ,audley1 hush6 or ,i shall think 
the world has indeed corrupted you4     
,excuse for the friend who deceives1 who
 betrays6 ,no1 such is the true outlaw  
of ,humanity2 and the ,furies surround  
him even while he sleeps in the temple4 
,the man of the world lifted his eye    
slowly on the animated face of one still
 natural enough for the passions4 ,he   
then once more returned to his book1 and
 said1 after a pause1 ,it is time you   
should marry1 ,harley4  ,no1 answered   
,l',estrange1 with a smile at this      
sudden turn in the conversation--not    
time yet2 for my chief objection to that
 change in life is1 that all the women  
now-a-days are too old for me1 or ,i am 
too young for them2 a few1 indeed1 are  

so infantine that one is ashamed to be  
their toy2 but most are so knowing that 
one is a fool to be their dupe4 ,the    
first1 if they condescend to love you1  
love you as the biggest doll they have  
yet dandled1 and for a doll's good      
qualities--your pretty blue eyes1 and   
your exquisite millinery4 ,the last1 if 
they prudently accept you1 do so on     
algebraical principles2 you are but the 
,x or the ,y that represents a certain  
aggregate of goods                      
matrimonial--pedigree1 title1 rent-roll1
 diamonds1 pin-money1 opera-box4 ,they  
cast you up with the help of mamma1 and 
you wake some morning to find that plus 
wife minus affection equals--the ,devil6
  ,nonsense1 said ,audley1 with his     
quiet grave laugh4 ,i grant that it is  
often the misfortune of a man in your   
station to be married rather for what he
 has1 than for what he is2 but you are  
tolerably penetrating1 and not likely to
 be deceived in the character of the    
woman you court4  ,of the woman ,i      

court8--,no6 ,but of the woman ,i marry1
 very likely indeed4 ,woman is a        
changeable thing1 as our ,virgil        
informed us at school2 but her change   
par excellence is from the fairy you woo
 to the brownie you wed4 ,it is not that
 she has been a hypocrite1 it is that   
she is a transmigration4 ,you marry a   
girl for her accomplishments4 ,she      
paints charmingly1 or plays like ,st4   
,cecilia4 ,clap a ring on her finger1   
and she never draws again--except       
perhaps your caricature on the back of a
 letter1 and never opens a piano after  
the honeymoon4 ,you marry her for her   
sweet temper2 and next year1 her nerves 
are so shattered that you can't         
contradict her but you are whirled into 
a storm of hysterics4 ,you marry her    
because she declares she hates balls and
 likes quiet2 and ten to one but what   
she becomes a patroness at ,almacks1 or 
a lady in waiting4  ,yet most men marry1
 and most men survive the operation4    
,if it were only necessary to live1 that

 would be a consolatory and encouraging 
reflection4 ,but to live with peace1 to 
live with dignity1 to live with freedom1
 to live in harmony with your thoughts1 
your habits1 your aspirations--and this 
in the perpetual companionship of a     
person to whom you have given the power 
to wound your peace1 to assail your     
dignity1 to cripple your freedom1 to jar
 on each thought and each habit1 and    
bring you down to the meanest details of
 earth1 when you invite her1 poor soul1 
to soar to the spheres--that makes the  
to be1 or not to be1 which is the       
question4  ,if ,i were you1 ,harley1 ,i 
would do as ,i have heard the author of 
,sandford and ,merton did--choose out a 
child1 and educate her yourself after   
your own heart4  ,you have hit it1      
answered ,harley1 seriously4 ,that has  
long been my idea--a very vague one1 ,i 
confess4 ,but ,i fear ,i shall be an old
 man before ,i find even the child4     
,ah1 he continued1 yet more earnestly1  
while the whole character of his varying

 countenance changed again--ah6 if      
indeed ,i could discover what ,i        
seek--one who with the heart of a child 
has the mind of a woman2 one who beholds
 in nature the variety1 the charm1 the  
never feverish1 ever healthful          
excitement that others vainly seek in   
the bastard sentimentalities of a life  
false with artificial forms2 one who can
 comprehend1 as by intuition1 the rich  
poetry with which creation is           
clothed--poetry so clear to the child   
when enraptured with the flower1 or when
 wondering at the star8 ,if on me such  
exquisite companionship were            
bestowed--why1 then--he paused1 sighed  
deeply1 and1 covering his face with his 
hand1 resumed in faltering accents1--   
,but once--but once only1 did such      
vision of the ,beautiful made human rise
 before me--amidst 'golden exhalations  
of the dawn4' ,it beggared my life in   
vanishing4 ,you know only--you          
only--how--how--  ,he bowed his head1   
and the tears forced themselves through 

his clenched fingers4  ,so long ago6    
said ,audley1 sharing his friend's      
emotion4 ,years so long and so weary1   
yet still thus tenacious of a mere      
boyish memory4  ,away with it1 then6    
cried ,harley1 springing to his feet1   
and with a laugh of strange merriment4  
,your carriage still waits2 set me home 
before you go to the ,house4  ,then     
laying his hand lightly on his friend's 
shoulder1 he said1 ,is it for you1      
,audley ,egerton1 to speak sneeringly of
 boyish memories8 ,what else is it that 
binds us together8 ,what else warms my  
heart when ,i meet you8 ,what else draws
 your thoughts from blue-books and      
beer-bills1 to waste them on a vagrant  
like me8 ,shake hands4 ,oh1 friend of my
 boyhood6 recollect the oars that we    
plied and the bats that we wielded in   
the old time1 or the murmured talk on   
the moss-grown bank1 as we sat together1
 building in the summer air castles     
mightier than ,windsor4 ,ah6 they are   
strong ties1 those boyish memories1     

believe me6 ,i remember as if it were   
yesterday my translation of that lovely 
passage in ,perseus1 beginning--let me  
see--ah6--      ,quum primum pavido     
custos mihi purpura cessit1  that       
passage on friendship which gushes out  
so livingly from the stern heart of the 
satirist4 ,and when old ----            
complimented me on my verses1 my eye    
sought yours4 ,verily1 ,i now say as    
then1      ,nescio quod1 certe est quod 
me tibi temperet astrum4#h  ,audley     
turned away his head as he returned the 
grasp of his friend's hand2 and while   
,harley1 with his light elastic         
footstep1 descended the stairs1 ,egerton
 lingered behind1 and there was no trace
 of the worldly man upon his countenance
 when he took his place in the carriage 
by his companion's side4  ,two hours    
afterwards1 weary cries of ,question1   
question6 ,divide1 divide6 sank into    
reluctant silence as ,audley ,egerton   
rose to conclude the debate--the man of 
men to speak late at night1 and to      

impatient benches3 a man who would be   
heard2 whom a ,bedlam broke loose would 
not have roared down2 with a voice clear
 and sound as a bell1 and a form as     
firmly set on the ground as a           
church-tower4 ,and while1 on the dullest
 of dull questions1 ,audley ,egerton    
thus1 not too lively himself1 enforced  
attention1 where was ,harley            
,l',estrange8 ,standing alone by the    
river at ,richmond1 and murmuring low   
fantastic thoughts as he gazed on the   
moonlit tide4  ,when ,audley left him at
 home1 he had joined his parents1 made  
them gay with his careless gayety1 seen 
the old-fashioned folks retire to rest1 
and then--while they1 perhaps1 deemed   
him once more the hero of ball-rooms and
 the cynosure of clubs--he drove slowly 
through the soft summer night1 amidst   
the perfumes of many a garden and many a
 gleaming chestnut grove1 with no other 
aim before him than to reach the        
loveliest margin of ,england's loveliest
 river1 at the hour the moon was fullest

 and the song of the nightingale most   
sweet4 ,and so eccentric a humorist was 
this man1 that ,i believe1 as he there  
loitered--no one near to cry ,how       
affected6 or ,how romantic6--he enjoyed 
himself more than if he had been        
exchanging the politest how-d'ye-do's in
 the hottest of ,london drawing-rooms1  
or betting his hundreds on the odd trick
 with ,lord de ,r---- for his partner4  
,,footnotes3  #h ,what was the star ,i  
know not1 but certainly some star it was
 that attuned me unto thee4     ,from   
the ,london ,examiner4  ,a ,,glimpse    
,,of ,,the ,,great ,,exhibition4        
,there is one country which is not      
represented at the ,great ,exhibition1  
one power which refused to send any     
specimens of its produce1 lest the      
having done so should be considered as a
 tribute to the commercial greatness of 
,england1 and lest exhibitors and       
exhibited should incur contamination by 
contact with specimens of the world's   
industry4 ,one is not sorry that this   

should be the case1 and that the felon  
power of ,europe should have thus passed
 judgment on itself1 and of its own     
accord placed itself in ,coventry4  ,the
 country we allude to is ,naples4 ,the  
horror which the king entertains of any 
thing constitutional since his ,majesty 
took the oath to his own constitution1  
and since he hanged those who committed 
the same crime without afterwards       
perjuring themselves after the royal    
example1 has induced him to prohibit the
 sending of any specimens to ,london4   
,naples1 to be sure1 has little to      
exhibit4 ,industry in that country1 so  
blessed by nature1 has been crushed and 
annihilated by the hand of tyranny4     
,sulphur and other volcanic products1   
wine which science has never enabled to 
bear exportation1 silk in its brut      
state1 with some coarse fabrics of cloth
 and linen1 and hats in imitation of    
,tuscany1 compose all the industry of   
one of the finest countries in ,europe4 
,no marvel1 therefore1 it should have   

shrunk upon any pretence from occupying 
a booth at the ,great ,exhibition4  ,a  
very different place in that great show 
is held by ,piedmont1 which has         
furnished a large assortment of raw     
materials and manufactured articles4 ,on
 the other hand1 ,florence and ,venice  
are far1 we fear1 from even keeping up a
 shadow of their old reputation4 ,the   
country of ,benvenuto ,cellini has lost 
the gift of the arts with that of       
freedom2 and the manufactures with which
 ,venice used to pay for the merchandise
 of the ,east are no more4 ,strange to  
say1 however1 ,milan supplies one of the
 most interesting and perfect           
compartments of the ,exhibition1 that of
 small sculptures1 in which the youth of
 the region are so skilled as to        
distance all competition4  ,the ,united 
,states must be held to have furnished  
far less valuable specimens of either   
art or nature than might have been      
expected2 and this will be the more     
evident1 as its stall occupies the great

 compartment of the ,exhibition         
adjoining the eastern entrance1 and     
first meeting the eye4 ,france and      
,germany1 especially ,north ,germany1   
hold their ground well4 ,one thing1     
however1 seems certain1 and the more    
remarkable as it was not altogether     
expected1 which is1 that ,england is not
 inferior to her competitors in any     
department4 ,that her machinery1 and the
 results of her science and skill in    
working in metals should distance all   
competition1 might have been looked for4
 ,but what will greatly astonish people1
 is her very signal success in so many  
departments of the ornamental3 and      
whilst of natural productions her       
various colonies have supplied specimens
 the most novel and most startling1 the 
produce of the looms as well as of the  
mines of ,indostan offer among the most 
novel and interesting sights that the   
curious could flock to see4  ,in a      
general way it is not yet possible to   
guess what effect the ,exhibition is    

likely to have4 ,so many persons will   
crowd to it with widely different views1
 that it is extremely difficult to sum  
up its probable impression on the whole4
 ,but we believe that those most        
gratified will be scientific persons1   
who can see and compare for the first   
time all raw materials and all finished 
productions gathered together under the 
same roof4 ,it is1 indeed1 as a creator 
of new combinations and of new ideas1   
that the ,great ,exhibition must in any 
permanent sense be chiefly valuable2 for
 it is hardly conceivable but that many 
most startling inventions in art        
manufacture must ultimately spring from 
it4 ,but these will be silent           
enjoyments1 and for a long time secret  
profits4 ,those on whose fertile minds  
the good seed of new ideas may fall1    
will silently cherish and allow them to 
germ in the shade1 and years may elapse 
ere we see the growth or the fruit4     
,what meanwhile we may count upon       
hearing most of for the moment will be  

the enjoyment of the curious at the view
 of the ,koh-i-noor1 and the other mere 
sight-wonders of the ,exhibition4  ,let 
us add that not the least pleasure of   
this kind is the view which each race of
 the human family will be enabled to    
take of the other4 ,the crowds now      
brought together are essentially1 the   
greater part of them1 of the middle and 
artisan class1 although it may be       
generally of those already successful   
and enriched4 ,this is a kind of people 
that would never have come amongst us   
but upon an occasion such as the        
present1 and whom to see and be seen by1
 cannot but be productive of large1     
friendly1 humane1 cosmopolitan results4 
,from ,leigh ,hunt's ,journal4  ,,dr4   
,,david ,,strauss ,,in ,,weimar4   ,the 
,visitor's ,book of the ,elephant ,hotel
 in ,weimar contains1 under the date of 
the #abth ,august1 a rather remarkable  
autograph1 which the curious collector  
would do well to buy1 if possible1 or1  
if not possible1 then to beg or steal4  

,perhaps1 among the many distinguished  
names which the long series of          
,fremdenbuecher kept at ,weimar during  
the last fifty years must necessarily   
exhibit1 there are few to which an      
earnest1 thinking man would attach the  
same profound1 though somewhat painful  
degree of interest4 ,it is the name of  
,dr4 ,david ,strauss1 aus ,ludwigsburg1 
written by himself4  ,how6 you exclaim  
in a mingled tone of surprise and       
incredulity1 ,dr4 ,strauss in ,weimar8  
,david ,strauss among the pilgrims to   
the tomb of the poets8  ,it does sound  
apocryphal--mythical1 if you will4 ,one 
would almost as soon expect to hear of  
the late ,dr4 ,jordan ,faust himself    
paying a visit to the ghost of ,goethe4 
,nevertheless1 and in spite of all that 
learned critics1 a thousand years hence1
 may advance and prove to the contrary1 
a veritable fact it is1 ,strauss        
actually has been among us--has been    
seen here in the body during several    
days by several witnesses1 the present  

writer being one4  ,it is my intention  
here briefly to record the impression   
which ,i still retain of my transient   
intercourse with this celebrated man4   
,such a record can scarce be considered 
as a breach of confidence1 an invasion  
of the sacred domains of private life3  
the author of the ,leben ,jesu is a     
public1 ,i had almost said1 an          
historical character4  ,up to his       
arrival in ,weimar1 my relation to      
,strauss had been merely of that mystic1
 invisible1 and impersonal description1 
which usually subsists between a gifted 
writer and his readers4 ,but even before
 ,i knew the language1 and1 by          
consequence1 before ,i could read the   
works of ,strauss1 ,i had heard much and
 often of the young ,tubingen           
theologian1 who1 at the age of          
twenty-seven years1 with all the moral  
courage of a ,luther1 all the critical  
skill1 and more than all the learning of
 a ,lessing1 had arisen and implicitly  
declared to the whole ,german nation1   

and to the world at large1 that their   
belief rested on a false basis 7in his  
opinion74  ,though educated in a country
 where every man reads and reverences   
his ,bible1 ,i had likewise arrived at  
that1 in every sense1 critical period1  
which is1 ,i suppose1 common to all men 
of an inquiring disposition4 ,i1 too1   
had eaten of the fruit of the tree of   
knowledge--had become as a god in my own
 conceit1 knowing good from evil4 ,i had
 passed through the ,french and ,english
 schools of skepticism1 with my         
orthodoxy1 if not intact1 at least not  
vitally injured4 ,to study ,strauss1    
therefore1 seemed a mere matter of      
course4 ,well2 ,i read his celebrated   
work4 ,it contained nothing absolutely  
new1 either in assertion or opinion4 ,i 
had met with the same or similar        
elsewhere4 ,and yet the very same wooden
 arguments ,i had so often smiled at in 
the writings of the ,french and ,english
 free-thinkers1 seemed here to          
annihilate me4 ,in vain ,i said to      

myself1 they are still wooden6 ,strauss 
had so sheathed and bound them with his 
triple fold of brass4 ,in other words1  
had so supported and confirmed them with
 his unheard-of array of learning1      
logic1 and science2 that nothing1 ,i    
thought1 could resist them4 ,it seemed  
as if the world-old1 hereditary feud    
between faith and reason were here to be
 terminated for ever4 ,as ,i read1 the  
solid earth seemed to be giving way     
beneath me2 and when ,i at length closed
 the ominous volume1 ,i could have      
almost cried out with the chorus in     
,faust3 ,woe6 woe6 thou hast shattered  
the lovely world6  ,it is unusual1 ,i   
believe1 to speak out these bosom       
secrets in this way2 but ,i thought it  
necessary to give you this1 by no means 
exaggerated description of my first     
spiritual encounter with the author of  
the ,leben ,jesu1 in order that you     
might have some idea of the feelings    
with which1 on the third morning after  
his arrival in ,weimar1 ,i received and 

read the following whimsical note3      
,weimar1 #aeth ,august4       ,a4 ,s4   
requests the pleasure of ,mr4 ,m----'s  
company to-day1      at two o'clock1 to 
soup and ,strauss4  ,how busily my fancy
 was employed the whole of that         
forenoon1 ,i need not stop here to tell4
 ,enough1 that of all the various       
pictures she then drew for me1 not one  
resembled the pale1 the slightly made1  
and1 but for a partial stoop1 the       
somewhat tall1 half-lay1 half-clerical  
figure in spectacles1 to whom ,i was    
presented on arriving at my friend's    
apartments4 ,this was ,strauss himself1 
whose portrait ,i may as well go on and 
finish here at once as well as ,i can1  
and so have done with externals4        
,judging from appearance1 ,strauss's age
 might be any where between forty and   
fifty4 ,but for his light brown1 glossy 
hair1 ,i should have said nearer the    
latter than the former4 ,i have since   
ascertained1 however1 that he is1 or was
 then1 exactly forty-one years of age4  

,his head is the very contrary of       
massive1--as1 indeed1 his whole figure  
is the opposite of robust or muscular4  
,but it--the head--is of a purely       
classical form1 having none of those    
bumps and extravagant protuberances1    
which phrenologists delight in4 ,his    
profile1 in particular1 might be called 
truly ,grecian1 were it not for the thin
 and somewhat pinched lips1 which give  
it an almost ascetical character4       
,strange enough1 too1 this same         
character of ascetism1 or something akin
 to it1 seems likewise indicated by a   
peculiar expression in his otherwise    
fine1 dark-brown eyes4 ,it is not a     
squint1 as at first sight it appears1   
but a frequent turning-upward of the    
eye-balls1 like a ,methodist at his     
devotions1 which1 in ,strauss's case1 is
 of course involuntary4 ,perhaps it is  
to conceal this slight blemish that he  
wears spectacles1 for his large and     
lustrous eyes did not else appear to    
need them4 ,i have said that ,strauss   

was slightly made2 and1 in fact1 this is
 so much the case as to suggest the idea
 of a consumptive habit4 ,nor do his    
narrow shoulders and hollow breast1     
together with a certain swinging        
serpentine gait when he walks1 seem to  
contradict the supposition4 ,i have     
little more to add to this feeble sketch
 of ,strauss's outward man2 for it      
would1 ,i suppose1 be too trifling a    
circumstance to mention that ,i had     
seldom seen a more thorough-bred hand   
and foot than his6  ,my entrance had    
interrupted a conversation1 which       
,strauss presently resumed1 and which   
proved to be on the eternal topic of    
politics4 ,his voice was strong and     
deep1 but he spoke 7and it seemed to be 
a habit with him7 in a subdued tone1 and
 with a very decided ,wurtemberg accent4
 ,i was surprised at some of the        
high-,tory opinions to which he gave    
utterance4 ,i had not expected to find  
the author of the ,leben ,jesu on the   
,conservative side of any question4 ,it 

seemed inconsistent4 ,but ,i recollected
 that the man was now on the wrong side 
of forty2 and ,i could not help thinking
 that if1 instead of publishing his     
destructive book at the age of          
twenty-seven1 he had waited with it till
 now1 he might possibly have postponed  
it altogether4 ,at table1 our talk was  
of the usual commonplace description2   
and it may be worth while observing1    
that even ,strauss could be commonplace 
with as good a grace as any4 ,our host  
and he had1 it seems1 been              
fellow-students together1 and1 of       
course1 there was no want of anecdotes  
and reminiscences of those early days1  
all of which appeared to give him       
exquisite pleasure4 ,in particular1 ,i  
remember that he spoke with much fervor 
of the fine mountain scenery in the     
neighborhood of ,heidelberg2 and when a 
friendly discussion arose amongst us as 
to whether the mountains or the ocean   
were the sublimer spectacle1 ,strauss   
argued warmly in favor of the former4   

,some one 7myself1 ,i believe7 happening
 to say that1 like ,goethe and          
,schiller1 they were both superlative1  
and not to be compared--,bravo6 cried   
,strauss1 and good humoredly gave up his
 position4 ,the conversation now        
naturally turned upon ,goethe1 and upon 
all the localities in and about ,weimar1
 connected with his memory4 ,like a     
pious pilgrim1 as he was1 ,strauss1 as  
,i found1 had already been to all these 
places1 with the exception of the       
garden-house and garden4 ,it was        
proposed to conduct him thither         
immediately4  ,the extreme and almost   
primitive simplicity of the house in    
which ,goethe had spent some of the     
happiest days of his life1 seemed to    
astonish ,strauss4 ,he made few remarks 
to that effect1 however1 but there was  
no end to his eager questionings4 ,he   
touched the walls1 the doors1 the       
locks--whatever it might be supposed    
,goethe had touched4 ,he peeped into    
every corner1 scrutinized even the      

minutest details2 and all this with the 
utmost outward composure1 so that1 if ,i
 had not closely watched him1 it might  
have escaped my notice6 ,in the garden1 
,i showed him ,goethe's favorite walk1  
and some oaks and firs planted by the   
poet's own hand4 ,he gathered an        
oak-leaf1 and put it in his pocket-book4
 ,he did the same by the flower of a    
hollyhock1 the only kind of flower      
remaining1 which plant ,i knew for      
certain dated its existence from the    
time of ,goethe4 ,the pocket-book was   
already full of such relics4 ,from this 
time forth1 therefore1 let no man say   
that ,strauss is devoid of veneration6  
,man was made for adoration4 ,he cannot 
help it4 ,pity1 only1 that he sometimes 
mistakes the object of it4  ,in the mean
 while ,strauss and ,i had somehow drawn
 nearer to each other1 and had begun to 
hold little dialogues apart together4   
,we talked of ,england1 where he had    
never been1--of ,english literature1    
which he knew chiefly through the medium

 of translation4 ,shakspeare of course  
was duly discussed1--for1 like all      
educated ,germans1 ,strauss was an      
enthusiast about ,shakspeare4 ,he asked 
me if ,i had read ,gervinus's new work1 
and was evidently pleased with the way  
in which ,i spoke of it4 ,by-and-by ,i  
ventured to allude to the ,leben ,jesu4 
,it was not without considerable        
hesitation4 ,he seemed1 ,i think1 to    
enjoy my embarrassment1--and told me he 
had seen several specimens of an        
,english translation of the ,leben      
,jesu1 which a young lady1 a ,miss      
,brabant1 was preparing for publication6
 ,there was something ,mephistophelian  
in the smile with which he told me this4
 ,such a work1 he continued1 was1       
however1 not likely to succeed in       
,england3 for there was ,hennel1 who had
 published an amazingly clever work of  
the same kind in ,london1 and yet the   
,british public seemed to have made a   
point of completely ignoring it4 ,the   
work had1 however1 been translated into 

,german1 and he 7,strauss himself7 had  
written a preface to it4 ,as ,i now     
perceived that the subject was any thing
 but a delicate one with ,strauss1 ,i   
determined upon accepting a proposal he 
had made me to accompany him on the     
morrow to ,doornburg and ,jena4 ,there  
were inconsistencies in his system1     
which ,i had the vanity to think ,i     
might convince him of1 and a tete-a-tete
 like the one in prospect was just what 
,i wanted4  ,we returned to ,s--'s for  
tea1 with the addition to our party of a
 distinguished philologian of this town1
 whose presence seemed to call forth all
 the intellectual energies of ,strauss1 
so that1 in the course of the evening1  
,i had more than one occasion to admire 
the variety and depth of the man's      
attainments4 ,it is impossible to       
recollect every thing1 but what         
especially excited my attention was1    
that in a very learned discussion       
concerning the comparative merits of the
 ancient and modern drama1 ,strauss     

suggested the character and fate of     
,tiberius as the best subject for a     
tragedy in the whole compass of history4
 ,i was struck1 too1 and with reason1 ,i
 think1 with a new and flagrant instance
 of the conservative tendency which his 
mind seems of late to have fallen into4 
,in talking of ,horace1 whose works1 and
 particularly whose odes1 he appeared to
 have at his fingers' ends1 he defended 
the elder state of the texts with       
amazing pertinacity1 treating with      
contempt every change and suggestion of 
such1 which the sacrilegious            
commentators of our times have ventured 
upon4 ,such opinions in the mouth of the
 author of the ,leben ,jesu sounded     
strange enough1 and again ,i could not  
help saying to myself1 ,why the deuce   
did he publish that destructive work of 
his twenty-seventh year8  ,the following
 day1 being prevented by pressing       
engagements from leaving town1 ,i       
prevailed upon ,strauss to put off his  
journey for a day longer4 ,i saw little 

of him in the mean time1 and had        
therefore leisure to bring into some    
kind of order and method a series of    
objections which ,i had noted down      
during a second and more critical       
perusal of the ,leben ,jesu4 ,on mature 
reflection1 it had occurred to me that1 
after all1 the ,christian religion had1 
in the course of eighteen centuries1    
survived far worse things than even     
,strauss's book4 ,this idea now gave me 
courage to look this ,goliah in the     
face1 and1 though ,i was but a youth 7so
 to speak71 and he a man of war1 to go  
up against him1 if occasion offered1    
even with my scrip and sling1 and my    
five smooth stones out of the brook4    
,next morning1 then1 in pursuance of our
 plan1 ,strauss and ,i started with the 
first train for ,apolda1 whence we went 
on foot across the fields to ,doornburg4
 ,there we breakfasted in ,goethe's     
room1 saw the poet's handwriting on the 
wall1 walked along his favorite         
terrace-walk1 where ,i1 for the time as 

much of a hero-worshipper as ,strauss   
himself1 recited aloud the beautiful    
song1 ,da droben auf jenem ,berge1 c41  
which ,goethe is said to have composed  
on this very spot4 ,i expected ,strauss 
to be moved almost to tears1 instead of 
which he burst out in a most            
incontrollable fit of laughter1 in which
 ,i as incontrollably joined when he    
told me the cause1 which was this3--,in 
,munich or ,ludwigsburg1 ,i forget      
which1 there was once a house of public 
entertainment1 called from its sign ,the
 ,lamb's ,wool1 as its proprietor was   
called ,the ,lamb's ,wool landlord4     
,this landlord had1 it seems1 been one  
of his own best customers1 in           
consequence of which he soon became     
bankrupt1 which sad event a poet of the 
same town1 most probably another of the 
landlord's best customers1 commemorated 
in a few stanzas entitled1 ,des         
,lamswollswirthes ,klagelied 7,the ,host
 of the ,lamb's ,wool's ,lament71 a     
parody on the above song of ,goethe's1  

and suggested1 doubtless1 by these two  
lines--      ,ich bin herunter gekommem1
     ,und weiss doch selber nicht wie6#i
  ,nothing could exceed the humor with  
which ,strauss told me this droll       
anecdote1 and1 for my part1 ,i feel that
 ,i shall never again be able to recite 
,goethe's pathetic song with becoming   
gravity4  ,from ,doornburg we walked to 
,jena1 where we arrived to dinner4 ,it  
rained torrents1 but ,strauss was not to
 be balked of what he came for4 ,we     
trudged like ,schwarmer 7enthusiasts71  
as he said1 through mud and rain1 to all
 the ,goethe and ,schiller relics1 the  
library1 the observatory1 and1 last of  
all1 the ,princess's garden1 where the  
statue of the eagle with its three      
poetical inscriptions long detained us4 
,returned to our inn and about to take a
 final leave of ,strauss2 now1 ,i       
thought1 or never1 was the time to      
fulfil the object for which ,i had      
accompanied him thus far4 ,all day1     
hitherto1 our talk had been of the      

poets--,greek1 ,roman1 ,english1 and    
,german1 and so much erudition1 taste1  
and feeling1 ,i had rarely found united4
 ,his mind seemed to have fed on poetry 
and nothing else2 and ,i know not how it
 was1 but ,i could not till now resolve 
to speak the word which ,i knew would   
disenchant him4 ,now1 however1 the      
probability that we should never see    
each other again on this side eternity  
gave a solemn1 perhaps superstitious1   
turn to my thoughts4 ,as he sat there in
 silence before me1 like the sphinx of  
which he had spoken so mysteriously in  
descanting that morning on the master   
piece of ,sophocles1 ,i felt that now ,i
 must speak out1 or else look to be     
devoured4 ,i at once entered on the     
subject1 therefore1 and delivered myself
 of all the objections ,i had so        
elaborately arranged and prepared4 ,his 
answer was evasive2 and the topic was   
changed into an argument4  ,strauss was 
to leave with the diligence at eight    
o'clock for ,rudolstadt4 ,i cordially   

shook hands with him1 bade ,god bless   
him1 and1 hiring a conveyance1 drove    
directly back to ,weimar4 ,on the way   
home1 ,i conceived the plan of a poem1  
which1 if it were completed1 ,i would   
insert here4 ,it will probably never be 
completed4 ,instead of it1 therefore1 ,i
 will communicate something far more    
interesting--a copy of verses written by
 ,strauss himself1 on returning from his
 pilgrimage to the tomb of the poets2   
and with which ,i conclude what ,i had  
to say regarding ,dr4 ,david ,strauss in
 ,weimar4  ,dr4 ,strauss1 as a poet1    
being almost a lusus naturae1 according 
to ,english ideas of him1 we have       
thought it right to translate this poem4
 ,here1 accordingly1 is the best        
,english version possible to us in the  
little time allowed by an inexorable    
printer3--      ,on pilgrim staff ,i    
homeward come1       ,way worn1 but     
still with pleasure warmed2     ,at the 
great prophet's holy tomb1       ,the   
pious rites ,i have performed4      ,i1 

in his garden's shady walk1             
,recalled the prints of footsteps lost3 
,and from the tree his care had raised1 
,i plucked a greeting from his ghost4   
,i saw in letters and in poems1         
,his honored hand's laborious toil2     
,and many loving recollections1         
,inquiry won me for my spoil4           
,through every chamber1 small and       
homely1       ,with holy reverence did  
,i roam1     ,where oft the gods in     
radiant concourse       ,came thronging 
to their loved one's home4      ,by the 
bed stood ,i where the poet       ,in   
placid sleep his eyes reposed1     ,till
 summoned to a nobler being       ,for  
the last time their lids he closed4     
,in reading of the holy places1         
,henceforth have ,i a doubled zeal1     
,i have a being in the writing1         
,for all of it ,i know and feel4        
,,footnotes3  #i ,to explain this joke  
to the un-,germanized reader1 it will be
 necessary to inform him that the title 
of ,goethe's poem is ,the ,shepherd's   

,lament1 wherein a shepherd1 leaving his
 native hills1 gives a lingering look up
 at the familiar mountain1 and sings    
regretfully      ,i have to the valley  
descended1     ,and how ,i cannot tell4 
,herunter kommen1 means also to decline1
 to fail1 and upon this turns the joke4 
,from ,eliza ,cook's ,journal  ,,great  
,,men',s ,,wives4   ,probably1 greatness
 does not conform with domesticity4 ,the
 literary man is wrapped up in his      
books1 and the wife does not brook a    
divided affection4 ,he lives in the past
 or the future1 and his mind can with   
difficulty be brought to condescend to  
the carking cares of the                
present--perhaps not even to its quiet  
daily life4 ,his lofty meditations are  
disturbed by the puling infant1 or it   
may be1 by a call for house-rent1 or the
 amount of the chandler's bill4 ,or1    
take the leader of some great political 
or social movement2 or the commander of 
armies1 at whose nod ten thousand swords
 are unsheathed1 and the air made       

blatant with the discharge of artillery2
 can you expect such a person to subside
 into the quiet1 husband-life1 like any 
common1 ordinary man1 and condescend to 
inquire into the state of the children's
 teething1 ,johnny's progress at school1
 and the thousand little domestic       
attentions which constitute a wife's    
happiness8  ,we shall not1 however1     
discuss the question of whether         
happiness in marriage be compatible with
 genius1 or not1 but proceed to set     
forth a few traits of the wives of great
 men4  ,we shall not dwell on ,xantippe1
 the wife of ,socrates1 whose name has  
become familiar to us almost as a       
proverb4 ,but she was not without her   
uses1 for she taught her great husband  
at least the virtue of patience4 ,many  
of the great ,greeks and ,romans1 like  
,socrates1 were unhappy in their wives4 
,possibly1 however1 we have heard only  
of the bad ones among them2 for the life
 of good wives is rarely made matter of 
comment by the biographer1 either in    

ancient or modern times4  ,the advent of
 ,christianity placed woman in a greatly
 improved position1 as regarded         
marriage4 ,repudiation1 as among the    
,greeks and ,romans1 was no longer      
permitted2 the new religion enforced the
 unity and indissolubility of marriage2 
it became a sacrament1 dispensed at the 
altar1 where woman had formerly been a  
victim1 but was now become an idol4 ,the
 conjugal union was made a religious    
contract2 the family was constituted by 
the priest2 the wife was elevated to the
 function of ,educator of the           
,family--the alma mater2 and thus1      
through her instrumentality1 was the    
regeneration of the world secured4  ,but
 it did not follow that all women were  
good1 or that all were happy4 ,life is  
but a tangled yarn at the best2 there   
are blanks and prizes drawn by women    
still1 and not unfrequently great men   
have proved the greatest of blanks to   
them4 ,henry the ,eighth was not1       
perhaps1 entitled to the appellation of 

a great man1 though he was an author1   
for which the ,pope conferred on him the
 title1 still retained by our monarchs1 
of ,defender of the ,faith4 ,the history
 of his six wives is well known4 ,nor   
was the married life of ,peter the      
,great1 and his three wives1 of a more  
creditable complexion4  ,,luther married
 ,catharine de ,bora1 an escaped nun--a 
remarkably handsome woman4 ,in his      
letters to his friends1 he spoke of her 
as ,my rib ,kitty1 my loved ,kitty1 my  
,empress ,kitty4 ,a year after his      
marriage1 when struggling with poverty1 
he said1 in one of these letters1       
,catharine1 my dear rib1 salutes you4   
,she is quite well1 thank ,god2 gentle1 
obedient1 and kind1 in all things2 quite
 beyond my hopes4 ,i would not exchange 
my poverty with her1 for all the riches 
of ,croesus without her4 ,a dozen years 
after1 he said1 ,catharine1 thou hast a 
pious man1 who loves thee2 thou art a   
very empress6 ,yet ,luther had his      
little troubles in connection with his  

married life4 ,catharine was fond of    
small-talk1 and1 when ,luther was busily
 engaged in solving the difficulties of 
the ,bible1 she would interrupt him with
 such questions as--whether the king of 
,france was richer than his cousin the  
emperor of ,germany8 if the ,italian    
women were more beautiful than the      
,german8 if ,rome was as big as         
,wittenberg8 and so on4 ,to escape these
 little inquiries1 ,luther saw no other 
way than to lock himself up in his      
study1 with a quantity of bread and     
cheese1 and there hold to his work4 ,but
 ,catharine still pursued him4 ,one day1
 when he was thus locked up1 laboring at
 his translation of the twenty-second   
,psalm1 the door was assailed by the    
wife4 ,no answer was given4 ,more       
knocking followed1 accompanied by       
,catharine's voice1 shouting--if you    
don't open the door1 ,i will go fetch   
the locksmith4 ,the ,doctor entreated   
his wife not to interrupt his labors4   
,open6 open6 repeated ,catharine4 ,the  

doctor obeyed4 ,i was afraid1 said she1 
on entering1 that something had vexed   
you1 locked up in this room alone4 ,to  
which ,luther replied1 the only thing   
that vexes me now is yourself4 ,but     
,luther1 doubtless1 entertained a       
steady1 though sober affection for his  
wife2 and in his will1 in which he left 
her sole executrix1 bequeathing to her  
all his property1 he speaks of her as   
always a gentle1 pious1 and faithful    
wife to me1 and that has loved me       
tenderly4 ,whatever1 he adds1 may happen
 to her after my death1 ,i have1 ,i say1
 full confidence that she will ever     
conduct herself as a good mother towards
 her children1 and will conscientiously 
share with them whatever she possesses4 
,the great ,genevese ,reformer1         
,,calvin1 proceeded in his search for a 
wife in a matter-of-fact way4 ,he wrote 
to his friends1 describing to them what 
sort of an article he wanted1 and they  
looked up a proper person for him4      
,writing to ,farel1 one of his          

correspondents1 on this subject1 he     
said1--,i beseech you ever to bear in   
mind what ,i seek for in a wife4 ,i am  
not one of your mad kind of lovers1 who 
dote even upon faults1 when once they   
are taken by beauty of person4 ,the only
 beauty that entices me is1 that she be 
chaste1 obedient1 humble1 economical1   
patient2 and that there be hopes that   
she wilt be solicitous about my health4 
,if1 therefore1 you think it expedient  
that ,i should marry1 bestir yourself1  
lest somebody else anticipate you4 ,but1
 if you think otherwise1 let us drop the
 subject altogether4 ,a rich young      
,german lady1 of noble birth1 was       
proposed2 but ,calvin objected1 on the  
ground of the high birth4 ,another was  
proposed to him1 but another failure    
resulted4 ,at last a widow1 with a      
considerable family of children1        
,odelette de ,bures1 the relict of a    
,strasburg ,anabaptist1 whom he had     
converted1 was discovered1 suited to his
 notions1 and he married her4 ,nothing  

is said about their wedded life1 and1   
therefore1 we presume it went on in the 
quiet1 jog-trot way4 ,at her death1 he  
did not shed a tear2 and he spoke of the
 event only as an ordinary spectator    
would have done4  ,the brothers         
,,corneille married the two sisters     
,lamperiere2 and the love of the whole  
family was cemented by the double union4
 ,they lived in contiguous houses1 which
 opened into each other1 and there they 
lived in a community of taste and       
sentiment4 ,they worked together1 and   
shared each other's fame2 the sisters1  
happy in the love and admiration of     
their husbands1 and in each other's     
sympathy4 ,the poet ,racine was greatly 
blessed in his wife2 she was pious1     
good1 sweet-tempered1 and made his life 
happy4 ,and yet she had no taste for    
poetry1 scarcely knowing what verse was2
 and knew little of her husband's great 
tragedies except by name4 ,she had an   
utter indifference for money4 ,one day1 
,racine brought from ,versailles a purse

 of a thousand golden louis2 and running
 to his wife1 embraced her3             
,congratulate me1 said he1 here is a    
purse of a thousand louis that the king 
has presented to me6 ,she complained to 
him of one of the children1 who would   
not learn his lessons for two days      
together4 ,let us talk of that another  
time1 said he1 to-day we give ourselves 
up to joy4 ,she again reverted to the   
disobedient child1 and requested the    
parent to reprimand him2 when ,boileau  
7at whose house she was on a visit7 lost
 patience1 and cried1 what              
insensibility6 ,can't you think of a    
purse of a thousand louis8 ,yet these   
two characters1 though so opposite1     
consorted admirably1 and they lived long
 and happily together4  ,to please his  
friends1 ,,la ,,fontaine married ,mary  
,hericat1 the daughter of a             
lieutenant-general4 ,it was a marriage  
of convenience1 and the two preferred   
living separate1--he at ,paris1 she in  
the country4 ,once a year ,la ,fontaine 

paid her a visit1 in the month of       
,september4 ,if he did not see her1 he  
returned home as happy as he had gone4  
,he went some other day4 ,once1 when he 
visited her house1 he was told she was  
quite well1 and he returned to ,paris1  
and told his friends he had not seen his
 wife1 because he understood she was in 
very good health4 ,it was a state of    
indifference on both sides4 ,yet the    
wife was a woman of virtue1 beauty1 and 
intelligence2 and ,la ,fontaine himself 
was a man of otherwise irreproachable   
character4 ,there were many such        
marriages of indifference in ,france in 
those days4 ,boileau and ,racine both   
tried to bring the married pair         
together1 but without success2 and1 in  
course of time ,la ,fontaine almost     
forgot that he was married4  ,,moliere  
was extremely unhappy in his marriage4  
,he espoused an actress1 and she proved 
a coquette4 ,he became extremely        
jealous1 and1 perhaps1 he had reason4   
,yet he loved her passionately1 and bore

 long with her frailties4 ,he thus      
himself describes her3 ,she has small   
eyes1 but they are full of fire1        
brilliant1 and the most penetrating in  
the world4 ,she has a large mouth1 but  
one can discern beauties in it that one 
does not see in other mouths4 ,her      
figure is not large1 but easy and       
well-proportioned4 ,she affects a       
nonchalance in her speech and carriage2 
but there is grace in her every act1 and
 an indescribable charm about her1 by   
which she never fails to work her way to
 the heart4 ,her mental gifts are       
exquisite2 her conversation is charming1
 and1 if she be capricious more than any
 other can be1 all sits gracefully on   
the beautiful1--one bears any thing from
 the beautiful4 ,she was an excellent   
actress1 and was run after by the town4 
,moliere1 her husband1 was neglected by 
her1 and suffered agonies of torture4   
,he strove against his passion as long  
as he could4 ,at last1 his patience was 
exhausted1 and a separation took place4 

,we know nothing of the married life of 
,,shakspeare2 indeed1 we know but little
 of any portion of that great man's     
life4 ,but we know that he married      
young1 and we know the name of his wife1
 ,anne ,hathawaye1 the daughter of a    
yeoman1 in the neighborhood of          
,stratford-on-,avon4 ,he was little more
 than eighteen when he married her1 and 
she was twenty-six4 ,the marriage was   
hastened by circumstances which need not
 be explained here4 ,he seems to have   
gone alone to ,london1 leaving her with 
her little family of children at        
,stratford-on-,avon1 7for her name does 
not once appear in his married life27   
and yet she survived him seven years4   
,in his will he left her only his       
second-best bed4 ,judging from his      
sonnets one would be disposed to infer  
that ,shakspeare's life was not more    
chaste than that of his age2 for we find
 him1 in one of these1 excusing his     
friend for robbing him of his           
mistress1--a married woman4 ,one could  

almost wish1 with ,mr4 ,hallam1 that    
,shakspeare had not written many of     
those sonnets1 beautiful in language and
 imagery though they unquestionably are4
  ,,milton was three times married1--the
 first time very unhappily4 ,mary       
,powell was the daughter of a royalist  
cavalier of ,oxfordshire1 and ,milton   
was a zealous republican4 ,he was1      
moreover1 a studious man1 whereas his   
wife was possessed by a love of gayety  
and pleasure4 ,they had only been       
married a month1 when she grew tired of 
the studious habits and philosophical   
seclusion of the republican poet1 and   
requested his permission to return to   
her father's house4 ,she went1 but      
refused to return to him1 preferring the
 dissipated society of the brawling     
cavaliers who surrounded her4 ,he       
beseeched her to come back1 but she     
persistently refused1 treating his      
messengers with contumely and contempt4 
,he bore this for a long time2 but at   
last he grew angry1 and repudiated her4 

,he bethought himself of the social     
mischiefs resulting from ill-assorted   
marriages like his own2 and1 full of the
 subject1 he composed and published his 
celebrated treatise on divorce4 ,on     
public grounds he pleaded his own cause 
in this work1 which contains1 perhaps1  
the finest passages that are to be found
 in his prose writings4 ,he proceeded to
 solicit the hand of another young and  
beautiful lady1 the daughter of ,dr4    
,dawes2 but his wife1 hearing of this1  
became repentant1 and1 returning to him1
 fell upon her knees1 and entreated his 
forgiveness4 ,milton1 like his own      
,adam1 was fondly overcome with female  
charms1 and consented4 ,four children   
were born to them1 but the wife died in 
child-bed of the fifth infant4 ,it is to
 ,milton's honor1 that he behaved to his
 deceased wife's relatives with great   
generosity1 when1 a short time after1   
they became involved in ruin in the     
progress of the civil wars4 ,his second 
wife1 ,catharine ,woodcock1 also died in

 child-bed1 only a year after marriage4 
,he seems to have loved her fondly1 and 
most readers will remember his beautiful
 sonnet1 consecrated to her memory4     
,with his third wife he seems to have   
lived happily2 the young wife devoted   
herself to his necessities--for he was  
now blind--in darkness1 and with dangers
 compassed round1 and solitude4  ,,dr4  
,,richard ,,hooker1 was very unfortunate
 in his wife4 ,he was betrayed into     
marrying her by his extraordinary       
simplicity and ignorance of the world4  
,the circumstances connected with the   
marriage were these3 ,having been       
appointed to preach at ,st4 ,paul's     
,cross1 he went up to ,london from      
,oxford1 and proceeded to the house set 
apart for the reception of the          
preachers4 ,he was very wet and weary on
 his arrival1 and experienced much      
kindness from the housekeeper4 ,she     
persuaded him that he was a man of very 
tender constitution1 and urged that he  
ought1 above all things1 to have a wife1

 to nurse and take care of him4 ,she    
professed to be able to furnish him with
 such1 if he thought fit to marry4      
,hooker authorized her to select a wife 
for him1 and the artful woman presented 
her own daughter--a silly1 clownish     
woman1 and withal a mere ,xantippe4     
,hooker1 who had promised to marry      
whomsoever she should select1 thought   
himself bound to marry her1 and he did  
so4 ,they led a most uncomfortable life1
 but he resigned himself as he best     
could1 lamenting that saints have       
usually a double share in the miseries  
of this life4 ,when ,cranmer and ,sandys
 went to see him at his rectory in      
,buckinghamshire1 they found him reading
 ,horace and tending sheep1 in the      
absence of the servant4 ,when they were 
conversing with him in the house1 his   
wife would break in upon them1 and call 
him away to rock the cradle and perform 
other menial offices4 ,the guests were  
glad to get away4 ,this unfortunate wife
 was long a thorn in his side4  ,the    

famous ,earl of ,,rochester appears in  
very favorable light in his letters to  
his wife3 they are remarkably tender1   
affectionate1 and gentle4 ,in one of    
them1 he says3 ',tis not an easy thing  
to be entirely happy2 but to be kind is 
very easy1 and that is the greatest     
measure of happiness4 ,i say not this to
 put you in mind of being kind to       
me--you have practised that so long1    
that ,i have a joyful confidence you    
will never forget it--but to show that  
,i myself have a sense of what the      
method of my life seemed so utterly to  
contradict4  ,,dryden married ,elizabeth
 ,howard1 daughter of the ,earl of      
,berkshire4 ,the match added little to  
his wealth1 and less to his happiness4  
,it was an altogether unhappy union4 ,on
 one occasion1 his wife wished to be a  
book1 that she might enjoy more of his  
company4 ,dryden's reply was3 ,be an    
almanac1 then1 my dear1 that ,i may     
change you once a year4 ,in his writings
 afterwards1 he constantly inveighed    

against matrimony4  ,,addison also      
married discord in a noble wife4 ,he was
 tutor to the young ,earl of ,warwick1  
and aspired to the hand of the ,dowager 
,countess4 ,she married him1 and treated
 him like a lacquey4 ,she never saw in  
him more than her son's tutor4 ,,swift  
7his contemporary7 cruelly flirted with 
two admirable women2 he heartlessly     
killed one of them1 and secretly married
 the other1 but never publicly          
recognized her2 she1 too1 shortly after 
died4  ,,sterne treated his wife with   
such severity1 that she abandoned him1  
and took retreat in a convent with her  
daughter2 she never saw him after4 ,who 
would have suspected this from the      
author of ,lefevre and ,the ,sentimental
 ,journey8 ,,farquhar1 the play-writer1 
married1 early in life1 a woman who     
deceived him by pretending to be        
possessed of a fortune1 and he sunk1 a  
victim to disappointment and            
over-exertion1 in his thirtieth year1   
leaving behind him two helpless girls2  

his widow died in the utmost indigence4 
,these are rather unhappy instances of  
the wives of great men2 but there are   
others of a happier kind4 ,indeed we    
hear but little of the happy unions3 it 
is the brawling1 rocky brook that is the
 most noisy3 the slow1 deep waters are  
dump4 ,every one will remember the wife 
of ,lord ,,william ,,russell1 whose     
conduct by the side of her husband1 on  
his trial1 stands out as one of the most
 beautiful pictures in all history4 ,how
 devotedly her husband loved her need   
not be said3 when he had taken his final
 farewell1 all he could say was3 ,the   
bitterness of death is now past6 ,she   
lived many years after the execution of 
her husband1 and a delightful collection
 of her letters has since been          
published4  ,,bunyan speaks with the    
greatest tenderness of his wife1 who    
helped to lead him into the paths of    
peace4 ,he says3 ,my mercy was to light 
upon a wife1 whose father and mother    
were counted godly3 this woman and ,i1  

though we came together as poor as poor 
might be 7not having so much household  
stuff as a dish or a spoon betwixt us   
both72 yet this she had for her part1   
',the ,plain ,man's ,pathway to         
,heaven1' and ',the ,practice of        
,piety1' which her father had left her  
when he died4 ,and the perusal of these 
books1 together with his good wife's    
kindly influence1 at last implanted in  
him strong desires to reform his vicious
 life1 in which he eventually succeeded4
  ,,parnell and ,,steele were both happy
 in their wives4 ,the former married a  
young woman of beauty and merit1 but she
 lived only a few years1 and his grief  
at his loss so preyed on his mind1 that 
he never recovered his wonted spirits   
and health4 ,,steele',s letters to his  
wife1 both before and after his         
marriage1 are imbued with the most      
tender feeling1 and exhibit his         
affection for her in the most beautiful 
light4 ,,young1 the poet1 like ,dryden  
and ,addison1 married into a noble      

house1 espousing the daughter of the    
,earl of ,litchfield2 but he was happier
 than they4 ,it was out of the          
melancholy produced by her death that   
his famous ,night ,thoughts took their  
rise4  ,when ,,johnson married ,mrs4    
,porter1 her age was twice his own2 yet 
the union proved a happy one4 ,it was   
not a love-match1 but it was one of     
inclination and of reciprocal esteem4   
,johnson was any thing but graceful or  
attractive1 yet he possessed admirable  
qualities4 ,mrs4 ,porter was rather     
ungainly2 but ,johnson was very         
shortsighted1 and could not detect      
personal faults4 ,in his eyes1 she was  
beautiful2 and1 in an affectionate      
epitaph which he devoted to her1 he     
painted her in glowing colors4 ,indeed1 
his writings contain many proofs of the 
lively and sincere affection which he   
entertained for her4  ,while such have  
been the wives of a few of the great men
 of past times1 it must be stated that1 
probably1 the greatest of them all led a

 single life4 ,the greatest of the      
philosophers were bachelors1 such as    
,bacon1 ,newton1 ,gassendi1 ,galileo1   
,descartes1 ,bayle1 ,locke1 ,leibnitz1  
,hume1 ,gibbon2 and many poets also as  
,pope1 ,goldsmith1 and ,thompson4 ,bacon
 says that wife and children are        
impediments to great enterprises2 and   
that certainly the best works1 and of   
greatest merit for the public1 have     
proceeded from the unmarried1 or        
childless men1 which1 both in affection 
and reason1 have married and endowed the
 public4 ,but these were the words of a 
bachelor1 and1 perhaps1 not strictly    
correct4 ,the great men of more recent  
times have generally been married2 and1 
at another time1 we shall probably      
complete this paper by a brief account  
of the more distinguished of their      
wives4     ,a ,,legend ,,of ,,st4       
,,mary',s4  ,,by ,,alice ,,carey4       
,one night1 when bitterer winds than    
ours       ,on hill-sides and in valleys
 low1     ,built sepulchres for the dead

 flowers1       ,and buried them in     
sheets of snow1--      ,when over ledges
 dark and cold1       ,the sweet moon   
rising high and higher1     ,tipped with
 a dimly burning gold       ,st4 ,mary's
 old cathedral spire1--      ,the lamp  
of the confessional1       7,god grant  
it did not burn in vain17     ,after the
 solemn midnight bell1       ,streamed  
redly through the lattice-pane4         
,and kneeling at the father's feet1     
,whose long and venerable hairs1        
,now whiter than the mountain sleet1    
,could not have numbered half his       
prayers1      ,was one--,i cannot       
picture true       ,the cherub beauty of
 his guise2     ,lilies1 and waves of   
deepest blue1       ,were something like
 his hands and eyes6      ,like yellow  
mosses on the rocks1       ,dashed with 
the ocean's milk-white spray1     ,the  
softness of his golden locks            
,about his cheek and forehead lay4      
,father1 thy tresses1 silver-sleet1     
,ne'er swept above a form so fair2      

,surely the flowers beneath his feet    
,have been a rosary of prayer6      ,we 
know not1 and we cannot know1       ,why
 swam those meek blue eyes with tears2  
,but surely guilt1 or guiltless wo1     
,had bowed him earthward more than      
years4      ,all the long summer that   
was gone1       ,a cottage maid1 the    
village pride1     ,fainter and fainter 
smiles had worn1       ,and on that very
 night she died6      ,as soft the      
yellow moonbeams streamed       ,across 
her bosom1 snowy fair1     ,she said1   
7the watchers thought she dreamed17     
',tis like the shadow of his hair6      
,and they could hear1 who nearest came1 
,the cross to sign and hope to lend1    
,the murmur of another name       ,than 
that of mother1 brother1 friend4        
,an hour--and ,st4 ,mary's spires1      
,like spikes of flame1 no longer glow-- 
,no longer the confessional fires       
,shine redly on the drifted snow4       
,an hour--and the saints had claimed    
,that cottage maid1 the village pride2  

,and he1 whose name in death she named1 
,was darkly weeping by her side4        
,white as a spray-wreath lay her brow   
,beneath the midnight of her hair1      
,but all those passionate kisses now    
,wake not the faintest crimson there6   
,pride1 honor1 manhood1 cannot check    
,the vehemence of love's despair--      
,no soft hand steals about his neck1    
,or bathes its beauty in his hair6      
,almost upon the cabin walls            
,wherein the sweet young maiden died1   
,the shadow of a castle falls1          
,where for her young lord waits a bride6
      ,with clear blue eyes and flaxen  
hair1       ,in her high turret still   
she sits2     ,but1 ah6 what scorn her  
ripe lips wear--       ,what shadow to  
her bosom flits6      ,from that low    
cabin tapers flash1       ,and1 by the  
shimmering light they spread1     ,she  
sees beneath its mountain ash1          
,leafless1 but all with berries red1    
,impatient of the unclasped rein1       
,a courser that should not be there--   

,the silver whiteness of his mane       
,streaming like moonlight on the air6   
,oh1 love6 thou art avenged too well--  
,the young heart1 broken and betrayed1  
,where thou didst meekly1 sweetly dwell1
       ,for all its sufferings is       
repaid4      ,not the proud beauty1 nor 
the frown       ,of her who shares the  
living years     ,from her the          
winding-sheet wraps down1       ,can    
ever buy away the tears6     ,from      
,chambers's ,edinburgh ,journal4  ,,mary
 ,,kingsford4  ,,from ,,recollections   
,,of ,a ,,police-,,officer4   ,towards  
the close of #ahcf1 ,i was hurriedly    
dispatched to ,liverpool for the purpose
 of securing the person of one ,charles 
,james ,marshall1 a collecting clerk1   
who1 it was suddenly discovered1 had    
absconded with a considerable sum of    
money belonging to his employers4 ,i was
 too late--,charles ,james ,marshall    
having sailed in one of the ,american   
liners the day before my arrival in the 
northern commercial capital4 ,this fact 

well ascertained1 ,i immediately set out
 on my return to ,london4 ,winter had   
come upon us unusually early2 the       
weather was bitterly cold2 and a        
piercing wind caused the snow1 which had
 been falling heavily for several hours1
 to gyrate in fierce1 blinding eddies1  
and heaped it up here and there into    
large and dangerous drifts4 ,the        
obstruction offered by the              
rapidly-congealing snow greatly delayed 
our progress between ,liverpool and     
,birmingham2 and at a few miles only    
distant from the latter city1 the       
leading engine ran off the line4        
,fortunately1 the rate at which we were 
travelling was a very slow one1 and no  
accident of moment occurred4 ,having no 
luggage to care for1 ,i walked on to    
,birmingham1 where ,i found the         
parliamentary train just on the point of
 starting1 and with some hesitation1 on 
account of the severity of the weather1 
,i took my seat in one of the then very 
much exposed and uncomfortable          

carriages4 ,we travelled steadily and   
safely1 though slowly along1 and reached
 ,rugby ,station in the afternoon1 where
 we were to remain1 the guard told us1  
till a fast down-train had passed4 ,all 
of us hurried as quickly as we could to 
the large room at this station1 where   
blazing fires and other appliances soon 
thawed the half-frozen bodies1 and      
loosened the tongues of the numerous and
 motley passengers4 ,after recovering   
the use of my benumbed limbs and        
faculties1 ,i had leisure to look around
 and survey the miscellaneous assemblage
 about me4  ,two persons had travelled  
in the same compartment with me from    
,birmingham1 whose exterior1 as         
disclosed by the dim light of the       
railway carriage1 created some surprise 
that such finely-attired1 fashionable   
gentlemen should stoop to journey by the
 plebeian penny-a-mile train4 ,i could  
now observe them in a clearer light1 and
 surprise at their apparent             
condescension vanished at once4 ,to an  

eye less experienced than mine in the   
artifices and expedients familiar to a  
certain class of swells1 they might     
perhaps have passed muster for what they
 assumed to be1 especially amidst the   
varied crowd of a parliamentary2 but    
their copper finery could not for a     
moment impose upon me4 ,the watch-chains
 were1 ,i saw1 mosaic2 the watches1 so  
frequently displayed1 gilt2 eye-glasses 
the same2 the coats1 fur-collared and   
cuffed1 were ill-fitting and            
second-hand2 ditto of the varnished     
boats and renovated velvet waistcoats2  
while the luxuriant moustaches and      
whiskers1 and flowing wigs1 were        
unmistakably mere pieces                
d'occasion--assumed and diversified at  
pleasure4 ,they were both apparently    
about fifty years of age2 one of them   
perhaps one or two years less than that4
 ,i watched them narrowly1 the more so  
from their making themselves            
ostentatiously attentive to a young     
woman--girl rather she seemed--of a     

remarkably graceful figure1 but whose   
face ,i had not yet obtained a glimpse  
of4 ,they made boisterous way for her to
 the fire1 and were profuse and noisy in
 their offers of refreshment--all of    
which1 ,i observed1 were peremptorily   
declined4 ,she was dressed in deep1     
unexpensive mourning2 and from her timid
 gestures and averted head1 whenever    
either of the fellows addressed her1    
was1 it was evident1 terrified as well  
as annoyed by their rude and insolent   
notice4 ,i quietly drew near to the side
 of the fire-place1 at which she stood1 
and with some difficulty obtained a     
sight of her features4 ,i was struck    
with extreme surprise--not so much at   
her singular beauty1 as from an         
instantaneous conviction that she was   
known to me1 or at least that ,i had    
seen her frequently before1 but where or
 when ,i could not at all call to mind4 
,again ,i looked1 and my first          
impression was confirmed4 ,at this      
moment the elder of the two men ,i have 

partially described placed his hand1    
with a rude familiarity1 upon the girl's
 shoulder1 proffering at the same time a
 glass of hot brandy and water for her  
acceptance4 ,she turned sharply and     
indignantly away from the fellow2 and   
looking round as if for protection1     
caught my eagerly-fixed gaze4  ,mr4     
,waters6 she said impulsively4 ,oh ,i am
 so glad6  ,yes1 ,i answered1 that is   
certainly my name2 but ,i scarcely      
remember----,stand back1 fellow6 ,i     
angrily continued1 as her tormentor1    
emboldened by the spirits he had drank1 
pressed with a jeering grin upon his    
face1 towards her1 still tendering the  
brandy and water4 ,stand back6 ,he      
replied by a curse and a threat4 ,the   
next moment his flowing wig was whirling
 across the room1 and he standing with  
his bullet-head bare but for a few locks
 of iron-gray1 in an attitude of        
speechless rage and confusion1 increased
 by the peals of laughter which greeted 
his ludicrous1 unwigged aspect4 ,he     

quickly put himself in a fighting       
attitude1 and1 backed by his companion1 
challenged me to battle4 ,this was quite
 out of the question2 and ,i was        
somewhat at a loss how to proceed1 when 
the bell announcing the instant         
departure of the train rang out1 my     
furious antagonist gathered up and      
adjusted his wig1 and we all sallied    
forth to take our places--the young     
woman holding fast by my arm1 and in a  
low1 nervous voice1 begging me not to   
leave her4 ,i watched the two fellows   
take their seats1 and then led her to   
the hindmost carriage1 which we had to  
ourselves as far as the next station4   
,are ,mrs4 ,waters and ,emily quite     
well8 said the young woman1 coloring and
 lowering her eyes beneath my earnest   
gaze1 which she seemed for a moment to  
misinterpret4  ,quite--entirely so1 ,i  
almost stammered4 ,you know us1 then8   
,surely ,i do1 she replied1 reassured by
 my manner4 ,but you1 it seems1 she     
presently added with a winning smile1   

have quite forgotten little ,mary       
,kingsford4  ,mary ,kingsford6 ,i       
exclaimed almost with a shout4 ,why1 so 
it is6 ,but what a transformation a few 
years have effected6  ,do you think so6 
,not pretty ,mary ,kingsford now1 then8 
she added with a light1 pleasant laugh4 
,you know what ,i mean1 you vain        
creature6 ,i rejoined2 for ,i was       
overjoyed at meeting with the gentle1   
well-remembered playmate of my own      
eldest girl4 ,we were old familiar      
friends--almost father and daughter--in 
an instant4  ,little ,mary ,kingsford1  
,i should state1 was1 when ,i left      
,yorkshire1 one of the prettiest1 most  
engaging children ,i had ever seen2 and 
a petted favorite not only with us1 but 
of every other family in the            
neighborhood4 ,she was the only child of
 ,philip and ,mary ,kingsford--a humble1
 worthy1 and much-respected couple4 ,the
 father was gardener to ,sir ,pyott     
,dalzell1 and her mother eked out his   
wages to a respectable maintenance by   

keeping a cheap children's school4 ,the 
change which a few years had wrought in 
the beautiful child was quite sufficient
 to account for my imperfect recognition
 of her2 but the instant her name was   
mentioned1 ,i at once recognised the    
rare comeliness which had charmed us all
 in her childhood4 ,the soft brown eyes 
were the same1 though now revealing     
profounder depths1 and emitting a more  
pensive expression2 the hair1 though    
deepened in color1 was still golden2 her
 complexion1 lit up as it now was by a  
sweet blush1 was brilliant as ever2     
whilst her child-person had became      
matured and developed into womanly      
symmetry and grace4 ,the brilliancy of  
color vanished from her cheek as ,i     
glanced meaningly at her mourning dress4
  ,yes1 she murmured in a sad quivering 
voice--yes1 father is gone6 ,it will be 
six months next ,thursday1 that he died6
 ,mother is well1 she continued more    
cheerfully1 after a pause3 in health1   
but poorly off2 and ,i--and ,i1 she     

added with a faint effort at a smile1 am
 going to ,london to seek my fortune6   
,to seek your fortune6  ,yes2 you know  
my cousin1 ,sophy ,clark8 ,in one of her
 letters1 she said she often saw you4   
,i nodded without speaking4 ,i knew     
little of ,sophia ,clarke1 except that  
she was the somewhat gay1 coquettish    
shopwoman of a highly-respectable       
confectioner in the ,strand1 whom ,i    
shall call by the name of ,morris4  ,i  
am to be ,sophy's assistant1 continued  
,mary ,kingsford2 not of course at first
 at such good wages as she gets4 ,so    
lucky for me1 is it not1 since ,i must  
go to service8 ,and so kind1 too1 of    
,sophy1 to interest herself for me6     
,well1 it may be so4 ,but surely ,i have
 heard--my wife at least has--that you  
and ,richard ,westlake were engaged8    
,excuse me1 ,i was not aware the subject
 was a painful or unpleasant one4       
,richard's father1 she replied with some
 spirit1 has higher views for his son4  
,it is all off between us now1 she      

added2 and perhaps it is for the best   
that it should be so4  ,i could have    
rightly interpreted these words without 
the aid of the partially-expressed sigh 
which followed them4 ,the perilous      
position of so attractive1 so           
inexperienced1 so guileless a young     
creature1 amidst the temptations and    
vanities of ,london1 so painfully       
impressed and preoccupied me1 that ,i   
scarcely uttered another word till the  
rapidly-diminishing rate of the train   
announced that we neared a station1     
after which it was probable we should   
have no farther opportunity for private 
conversation4  ,those men--those fellows
 at ,rugby--where did you meet with     
them8 ,i inquired4  ,thirty or forty    
miles below ,birmingham1 where they     
entered the car in which ,i was seated4 
,at ,birmingham ,i managed to avoid     
them4  ,little more passed between us   
till we reached ,london4 ,sophia ,clark 
received her cousin at the ,euston      
station1 and was profuse of             

felicitations and compliments upon her  
arrival and personal appearance4 ,after 
receiving a promise from ,mary          
,kingsford to call and take tea with my 
wife and her old playmate1 on the       
following ,sunday1 ,i handed the two    
young women into a cab in waiting1 and  
they drove off4 ,i had not moved away   
from the spot when a voice1 a few paces 
behind me1 which ,i thought ,i          
recognised1 called out2 ,quick1 coachee1
 or you'll lose sight of them6 ,as ,i   
turned quickly round1 another cab drove 
smartly off1 which ,i followed at a run4
 ,i found1 on reaching ,lower ,seymour  
,street1 that ,i was not mistaken as to 
the owner of the voice1 nor of his      
purpose4 ,the fellow ,i had unwigged at 
,rugby thrust his body half out of the  
cab window1 and pointing to the vehicle 
which contained the two girls1 called   
out to the driver to mind and make no   
mistake4 ,the man nodded intelligence1  
and lashed his horse into a faster pace4
 ,nothing that ,i might do could prevent

 the fellows from ascertaining ,mary    
,kingsford's place of abode2 and as that
 was all that1 for the present at least1
 need be apprehended1 ,i desisted from  
pursuit1 and bent my steps homewards4   
,mary ,kingsford kept her appointment on
 the ,sunday1 and in reply to our       
questioning1 said she liked her         
situation very well4 ,mr4 and ,mrs4     
,morris were exceedingly kind to her2 so
 was ,sophia4 ,her cousin1 she added in 
reply to a look which ,i could not      
repress1 was perhaps a little gay and   
free of manner1 but the best-hearted    
creature in the world4 ,the two fellows 
who had followed them had1 ,i found1    
already twice visited the shop2 but     
their attentions appeared now to be     
exclusively directed towards ,sophia    
,clarke1 whose vanity they not a little 
gratified4 ,the names they gave were    
,hartley and ,simpson4 ,so entirely     
guileless and unsophisticated was the   
gentle country maiden1 that ,i saw she  
scarcely comprehended the hints and     

warnings which ,i threw out4 ,at        
parting1 however1 she made me a serious 
promise that she would instantly apply  
to me should any difficulty or          
perplexity overtake her4  ,i often      
called in at the confectioner's1 and was
 gratified to find that ,mary's modest  
propriety of behavior1 in a somewhat    
difficult position1 had gained her the  
good will of her employers1 who         
invariably spoke of her with kindness   
and respect4 ,nevertheless1 the care of 
a ,london life1 with its incessant      
employment and late hours1 soon1 ,i     
perceived1 began to tell upon her health
 and spirits2 and it was consequently   
with pleasure ,i heard from my wife that
 she had seen a passage in a letter from
 ,mary's mother1 to the effect that the 
elder ,westlake was betraying symptoms  
of yielding to the angry and passionate 
expostulations of his only son1 relative
 to the engagement with ,mary           
,kingsford4 ,the blush with which she   
presented the letter was1 ,i was told1  

eloquent4  ,one evening1 on passing     
,morris's shop1 ,i observed ,hartley and
 ,simpson there4 ,they were swallowing  
custards and other confectionary with   
much gusto2 and1 from their new and     
costly habiliments1 seemed to be in     
surprisingly good case4 ,they were      
smiling at the cousins with rude        
confidence2 and ,sophia ,clarke1 ,i was 
grieved to see1 repaid their insulting  
impertinence by her most elaborate      
graces4 ,i passed on2 and presently     
meeting with a brother-detective1 who1  
it struck me1 might know something of   
the two gentlemen1 ,i turned back with  
him1 and pointed them out4 ,a glance    
sufficed him4  ,hartley and ,simpson you
 say8 he remarked after we had walked   
away to some distance3 those are only   
two of their numerous aliases4 ,i       
cannot1 however1 say that ,i am as yet  
on very familiar terms with them2 but as
 ,i am especially directed to cultivate 
their acquaintance1 there is no doubt we
 shall be more intimate with each other 

before long4 ,gamblers1 blacklegs1      
swindlers1 ,i already know them to be2  
and ,i would take odds they are not     
unfrequently something more1 especially 
when fortune and the bones run cross    
with them4  ,they appear in high feather
 just now1 ,i said4  ,yes2 they are     
connected1 ,i suspect1 with the gang who
 cleaned out young ,garslade last week  
in ,jermyn ,street4 ,i'd lay a trifle1  
he added as ,i turned to leave him1 that
 one or both of them will wear the      
,queen's livery1 gray1 turned up with   
yellow1 before many weeks are past4     
,good-by4  ,about a fortnight after this
 conversation1 with my wife ,i paid a   
visit to ,astley's1 for the             
gratification of our youngsters1 who had
 long been promised a sight of the      
equestrian marvels at that celebrated   
amphitheatre4 ,it was the latter end of 
,february2 and when we came out1 we     
found the weather changed2 dark and     
sleety1 with a sharp1 nipping wind4 ,i  
had to call at ,scotland-,yard2 my wife 

and children consequently proceeded home
 in a cab without me2 and after         
assisting to quell a slight disturbance 
originating in a gin-palace close by1 ,i
 went on my way over ,westminister      
,bridge4 ,the inclement weather had     
cleared the streets and thoroughfares in
 a surprisingly short time2 so that1    
excepting myself1 no foot-passenger was 
visible on the bridge till ,i had about 
halfcrossed it1 when a female figure1   
closely muffled up about the head1 and  
sobbing bitterly1 passed rapidly by on  
the opposite side4 ,i turned and gazed  
after the retreating figure2 it was a   
youthful1 symmetrical one2 and after a  
few moments' hesitation1 ,i determined  
to follow at a distance1 and as         
unobservedly as ,i could4 ,on the woman 
sped1 without pause or hesitation1 till 
she reached ,astley's1 where ,i observed
 her stop suddenly1 and toss her arms in
 the air with a gesture of desperation4 
,i quickened my steps1 which she        
observing1 uttered a slight scream1 and 

darted swiftly off again1 moaning as she
 ran4 ,the momentary glimpse ,i had     
obtained of her features1 suggested a   
frightful apprehension1 and ,i followed 
at my utmost speed4 ,she turned at the  
first cross-street1 and ,i should soon  
have overtaken her1 but that in darting 
round the corner where she disappeared1 
,i ran butt against a stout1 elderly    
gentleman1 who was hurrying smartly     
along out of the weather4 ,with the     
suddenness of the shock and the         
slipperiness of the pavement1 down we   
both reeled2 and by the time we regained
 our feet1 and growled savagely at each 
other1 the young woman1 whoever she was1
 had disappeared1 and more than half an 
hour's eager search after her proved    
fruitless4 ,at last ,i bethought me of  
hiding at one corner of ,westminster    
,bridge4 ,i had watched impatiently for 
about twenty minutes1 when ,i observed  
the object of my pursuit stealing       
timidly and furtively towards the bridge
 on the opposite side of the way4 ,as   

she came nearly abreast of where ,i     
stood1 ,i darted forward2 she saw1      
without recognizing me1 and uttered an  
exclamation of terror1 flew down towards
 the river1 where a number of pieces of 
balk and other timber were fastened     
together1 forming a kind of loose raft4 
,i followed with haste1 for ,i saw that 
it was indeed ,mary ,kingsford and      
loudly called to her to stop4 ,she did  
not seem to hear me1 and in a few       
moments the unhappy girl had gained the 
end of the timber raft4 ,one instant she
 paused1 with clasped hands1 upon the   
brink1 and in another had thrown herself
 into the dark and moaning river4 ,on   
reaching the spot where she had         
disappeared1 ,i could not at first see  
her in consequence of the dark mourning 
dress she had on4 ,presently ,i caught  
sight of her1 still upborne by her      
spread clothes1 but already carried by  
the swift current beyond my reach4 ,the 
only chance was to crawl along a piece  
of round timber which projected farther 

into the river and by the end of which  
she must pass4 ,this ,i effected with   
some difficulty2 and laying myself out  
at full length1 vainly endeavored with  
outstretched1 straining arms1 to grasp  
her dress4 ,there was nothing left for  
it but to plunge in after her4 ,i will  
confess that ,i hesitated to do so4 ,i  
was encumbered with a heavy dress1 which
 there was no time to put off1 and      
moreover1 like most inland men1 ,i was  
but an indifferent swimmer4 ,my         
indecision quickly vanished4 ,the       
wretched girl1 though gradually sinking1
 had not yet uttered a cry or appeared  
to struggle2 but when the chilling      
waters reached her lips1 she seemed to  
suddenly revive to a consciousness of   
the horror of her fate2 she fought      
wildly with the engulfing tide1 and     
shrieked for help4 ,before one could    
count ten1 ,i grasped her by the arm1   
and lifted her head above the surface of
 the river4 ,as ,i did so1 ,i felt as if
 suddenly encased and weighed down by   

leaden garments1 so quickly had my thick
 clothing and high boots sucked in the  
water4 ,vainly1 thus burdened and       
impeded1 did ,i endeavor to regain the  
raft2 the strong tide bore us outwards1 
and ,i glared round1 in inexpressible   
dismay1 for some means of extrication   
from the frightful peril in which ,i    
found myself involved4 ,happily1 right  
in the direction the tide was drifting  
us1 a large barge lay moored by a       
chain-cable4 ,i seized and twined one   
arm firmly round it1 and thus partially 
secure1 hallooed with renewed power for 
assistance4 ,it soon came2 a passer had 
witnessed the flight of the girl1 and my
 pursuit1 and was already hastening with
 others to our assistance4 ,a wherry was
 unmoored2 guided by my voice1 they soon
 reached us2 and but a brief interval   
elapsed before we were safely housed in 
an adjoining tavern4  ,a change of      
dress1 with which the landlord kindly   
supplied me1 a blazing fire1 and a      
couple of glasses of hot brandy and     

water1 soon restored warmth and vigor to
 my chilled and partially benumbed      
limbs2 but more than two hours elapsed  
before ,mary1 who had swallowed a good  
deal of water1 was in a condition to be 
removed4 ,i had just sent for a cab1    
when two police officers1 well known to 
me1 entered the room with official      
briskness4 ,mary screamed1 staggered    
towards me1 and clinging to my arm1     
besought me with frantic earnestness to 
save her4  ,what is the meaning of this8
 ,i exclaimed1 addressing one of the    
police officers4  ,merely1 said he1 that
 the young woman that's clinging so     
tight to you has been committing an     
audacious robbery----  ,no--no--no6     
broke in the terrified girl4  ,oh6 of   
course you'll say so1 continued the     
officer4 ,all ,i know is1 that the      
diamond brooch was found snugly hid away
 in her own box4 ,but come1 we have been
 after you for the last three hours2 so 
you had better come along at once4      
,save me6--save me6 she sobbed1         

tightening her grasp upon my arm and    
looking with beseeching agony in my     
face4  ,be comforted1 ,i whispered2 you 
shall go home with me4 ,calm yourself1  
,miss ,kingsford1 ,i added in a louder  
tone3 ,i no more believe you have stolen
 a diamond brooch than that ,i have4    
,bless you6--bless you6 she gasped in   
the intervals of her convulsive sobs4   
,there is some wretched misapprehension 
in this business1 ,i am quite sure1 ,i  
continued2 but at all events ,i shall   
bail her--for this night at least4      
,bail her6 ,that is hardly regular4     
,no2 but you will tell the              
superintendent that ,mary ,kingsford is 
in my custody1 and that ,i answer for   
appearance to-morrow4  ,the men         
hesitated2 but ,i stood too well at     
head-quarters for them to do more than  
hesitate2 and the cab ,i had ordered    
being just then announced1 ,i passed    
with ,mary out of the room as quickly as
 ,i could1 for ,i feared her senses were
 again leaving her4 ,the air revived her

 somewhat1 and ,i lifted her into the   
cab1 placing myself beside her4 ,she    
appeared to listen in fearful doubt     
whether ,i should be allowed to take her
 with me2 and it was not till the wheels
 had made a score of revolutions that   
her fears vanished2 then throwing       
herself upon my neck in an ecstacy of   
gratitude1 she burst into tears1 and    
continued till we reached home crying on
 my bosom like a broken-hearted child4  
,she had1 ,i found1 been there about ten
 o'clock to seek me1 and being told that
 ,i was gone to ,astley's1 had started  
off to find me there4  ,she still slept1
 or at least she had not risen when ,i  
left home the following morning to      
endeavor to get at the bottom of the    
strange accusation preferred against    
her4 ,i first saw the superintendent1   
who1 after hearing what ,i had to say1  
quite approved of all ,i had done1 and  
intrusted the case entirely to my care4 
,i next saw ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,morris and  
,sophia ,clarke1 and then waited upon   

the prosecutor1 a youngish gentleman by 
the name of ,saville1 lodging in ,essex 
,street1 ,strand4 ,one or two things ,i 
heard1 made necessary a visit to other  
officers of police1 incidentally1 as ,i 
found1 mixed up with the affair4 ,by the
 time all this was done1 and an         
effectual watch had been placed upon    
,mr4 ,augustus ,saville's movements1    
evening had fallen1 and ,i wended my way
 homewards1 both to obtain a little     
rest1 and to hear ,mary ,kingsford's    
version of the story4  ,the result of my
 inquiries may be thus summed up4 ,ten  
days before4 ,sophia ,clarke told her   
cousin that she had orders for          
,covent-,garden ,theatre2 and as it was 
not one of their busy nights1 she       
thought they might obtain leave to go4  
,mary expressed her doubt of this1 as   
both ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,morris1 who were   
strict and somewhat fanatical           
,dissenters1 disapproved of play-going1 
especially for young women4             
,nevertheless ,sophia asked1 informed   

,mary that the required permission had  
been readily accorded1 and off they went
 in high spirits2 ,mary especially1 who 
had never been to a theatre in her life 
before4 ,when there they were joined by 
,hartley and ,simpson1 much to ,mary's  
annoyance and vexation1 especially as   
she saw that her cousin expected them4  
,she had1 in fact1 accepted the orders  
from them4 ,at the conclusion of the    
entertainments1 they all four came out  
together1 when suddenly there arose a   
hustling and confusion1 accompanied with
 loud outcries1 and a violent swaying to
 and fro of the crowd4 ,the disturbance 
was1 however1 soon quelled2 and ,mary   
and her cousin had reached the outer    
door1 when two police-officers seized   
,hartley and his friend1 and insisted   
upon their going with them4 ,a scuffle  
ensued2 but other officers being at     
hand1 the two men were secured1 and     
carried off4 ,the cousins1 terribly     
frightened1 called a coach1 and were    
very glad to find themselves safe at    

home again4 ,and now it came out that   
,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,morris had been told    
that they were going to spend the       
evening at my house1 and had no idea    
they were going to the play6 ,vexed as  
,mary was at the deception1 she was too 
kindly tempered to refuse to keep her   
cousin's secret2 especially knowing as  
she did that the discovery of the deceit
 ,sophia had practised would in all     
probability be followed by her immediate
 discharge4 ,hartley and his friend     
swaggered on the following afternoon    
into the shop1 and whispered ,sophia    
that their arrest by the police had     
arisen from a strange mistake1 for which
 the most ample apologies had been      
offered and accepted4 ,after this       
matters went on as usual1 except that   
,mary perceived a growing insolence and 
familiarity in ,hartley's manner towards
 her4 ,his language was frequently quite
 unintelligible1 and once he asked her  
plainly if she did not mean that he     
should go shares in the prize she had   

lately found8 ,upon ,mary replying that 
she did not comprehend him1 his look    
became absolutely ferocious1 and he     
exclaimed2 ,oh1 that's your game1 is it8
 ,but don't try it on with me1 my good  
girl1 ,i advise you4 ,so violent did he 
become1 that ,mr4 ,morris was attracted 
by the noise1 and ultimately bundled    
him1 neck and heels1 out of the shop4   
,she had not seen either him or his     
companion since4  ,on the evening of the
 previous day1 a gentleman whom she     
never remembered to have seen before1   
entered the shop1 took a seat1 and      
helped himself to a tart4 ,she observed 
that after a while he looked at her very
 earnestly1 and at length approaching   
quite close1 said1 ,you were at         
,covent-,garden ,theatre last ,tuesday  
evening week8 ,mary was struck1 as she  
said1 all of a heap1 for both ,mr4 and  
,mrs4 ,morris were in the shop1 and     
heard the question4  ,oh no1 no6 you    
mistake1 she said hurriedly1 and feeling
 at the same time her cheeks kindle into

 flame4  ,nay1 but you were though1     
rejoined the gentleman4 ,and then       
lowering his voice to a whisper1 he     
said1 ,and let me advise you1 if you    
would avoid exposure and consign        
punishment1 to restore me the diamond   
brooch you robbed me of on that evening4
  ,mary screamed with terror1 and a     
regular scene ensued4 ,she was obliged  
to confess she had told a falsehood in  
denying she was at the theatre on the   
night in question1 and ,mr4 ,morris     
after that seemed inclined to believe   
any thing of her4 ,the gentleman        
persisted in his charge2 but at the same
 time vehemently iterating his assurance
 that all he wanted was his property2   
and it was ultimately decided that      
,mary's boxes1 as well as her person    
should be searched4 ,this was done2 and 
to her utter consternation the brooch   
was found concealed1 they said1 in a    
black silk reticule4 ,denials1          
asseverations1 were in vain4 ,mr4       
,saville identified the brooch1 but once

 more offered to be content with its    
restoration4 ,this ,mr4 ,morris1 a just1
 stern man1 would not consent to1 and he
 went out to summon a police-officer4   
,before he returned1 ,mary1 by the      
advice of both her cousin and ,mrs4     
,morris1 had fled the house1 and hurried
 in a state of distraction to find me1  
with what result the reader already     
knows4  ,it is a wretched business1 ,i  
observed to my wife1 as soon as ,mary   
,kingsford had retired to rest1 at about
 nine o'clock in the evening4 ,like you1
 ,i have no doubt of the poor girl's    
perfect innocence2 but how to establish 
it by satisfactory evidence is another  
matter4 ,i must take her to ,bow ,street
 the day after to-morrow4  ,good ,god1  
how dreadful6 ,can nothing be done8     
,what does the prosecutor say the brooch
 is worth8  ,his uncle1 he says1 gave a 
hundred and twenty guineas for it4 ,but 
that signifies little1 for were its     
worth only a hundred and twenty         
farthings1 compromise is1 you know1 out 

of the question4  ,i did not mean that4 
,can you show it me8 ,i am a pretty good
 judge of the value of jewels4  ,yes1   
you can see it4 ,i took it out of the   
desk in which ,i had locked it up1 and  
placed it before her4 ,it was a splendid
 emerald1 encircled by large brilliants4
  ,my wife twisted and turned it about1 
holding it in all sorts of lights1 and  
at last said1 ,i do not believe that    
either the emerald or the brilliants are
 real--that the brooch is1 in fact1     
worth twenty shillings intrinsically4   
,do you say so8 ,i exclaimed1 as ,i     
jumped up from my chair1 for my wife's  
words gave color and consistence to a   
dim and faint suspicion which had       
crossed my mind4 ,then this ,saville is 
a manifest liar1 and perhaps confederate
 with----,but give me my hat3 ,i will   
ascertain this point at once4  ,i       
hurried to a jeweller's shop1 and found 
that my wife's opinion was correct4     
,apart from the workmanship1 which was  
very fine1 the brooch was valueless4    

,conjectures1 suspicions1 hopes1 fears1 
chased each other with bewildering      
rapidity through my brain1 and in order 
to collect and arrange my thoughts1 ,i  
stepped out of the whirl of the streets 
into ,dolly's ,chop-house1 and decided1 
over a quiet glass of negus1 upon my    
plan of operations4  ,the next morning  
there appeared at the top of the second 
column of the ,times an earnest appeal1 
worded with careful obscurity1 so that  
only the person to whom it was addressed
 should easily understand it1 to the    
individual who had lost or been robbed  
of a false stone and brilliants at the  
theatre1 to communicate with a certain  
person--whose address ,i gave--without  
delay1 in order to save the reputation1 
perhaps the life1 of an innocent person4
  ,i was at the address ,i had given by 
nine o'clock4 ,several hours passed     
without bringing any one1 and ,i was    
beginning to despair1 when a gentleman  
of the name of ,bagshawe was announced3 
,i fairly leaped for joy1 for this was  

beyond my hopes4  ,a gentleman presently
 entered1 of about thirty years of age1 
of a distinguished1 though somewhat     
dissipated aspect4  ,this brooch is     
yours8 said ,i1 exhibiting it without   
delay or preface4  ,it is2 and ,i am    
here to know what your singular         
advertisement means4  ,i briefly        
explained the situation of affairs4     
,the rascals6 he broke in1 almost before
 ,i had finished4 ,i will briefly       
explain it all4 ,a fellow of the name of
 ,hartley1 at least that was the name he
 gave1 robbed me1 ,i was pretty sure1 of
 this brooch4 ,i pointed him out to the 
police1 and he was taken into custody2  
but nothing being found upon him1 he was
 discharged4  ,not entirely1 ,mr4       
,bagshawe1 on that account4 ,you        
refused1 when arrived at the            
station-house1 to state what you had    
been robbed of2 and you1 moreover1 said1
 in presence of the culprit1 that you   
were to embark with your regiment for   
,india the next day4 ,that regiment1 ,i 

have ascertained1 did embark1 as you    
said it would4  ,true2 but ,i had leave 
of absence1 and shall take the overland 
route4 ,the truth is1 that during the   
walk to the station-house1 ,i had       
leisure to reflect1 that if ,i made a   
formal charge1 it would lead to awkward 
disclosures1 ,this brooch is an         
imitation of one presented me by a      
valued relative4 ,losses at play--since1
 for this unfortunate young woman's     
sake1 ,i must out with it--obliged me to
 part with the original2 and ,i wore    
this1 in order to conceal the fact from 
my relative's knowledge4  ,this will1   
sir1 ,i replied1 prove1 with a little   
management1 quite sufficient for all    
purposes4 ,you have no objection to     
accompany me to the superintendent8     
,not in the least3 only ,i wish the     
devil had the brooch1 as well as the    
fellow that stole it4  ,about half-past 
five o'clock on the same evening1 the   
street-door was quietly opened by the   
landlord of the house in which ,mr4     

,saville lodged1 and ,i walked into the 
front room on the first floor1 where ,i 
found the gentleman ,i sought languidly 
reclining on a sofa4 ,he gathered       
himself smartly up at my appearance1 and
 looked keenly in my face4 ,he did not  
appear to like what he read there4  ,i  
did not expect to see you to-day1 he    
said1 at last4  ,no1 perhaps not3 but ,i
 have news for you4 ,mr4 ,bagshawe1 the 
owner of the hundred-and-twenty guinea  
brooch your deceased uncle gave you1 did
 not sail for ,india1 and--  ,the       
wretched cur1 before ,i could conclude1 
was on his knees1 begging for mercy with
 disgusting abjectness4 ,i could have   
spurned the scoundrel where he crawled4 
,come1 sir6 ,i cried1 let us have no    
snivelling or humbug3 mercy is not in my
 power1 as you ought to know4 ,strive to
 deserve it4 ,we want ,hartley and      
,simpson1 and cannot find them3 you must
 aid us4  ,oh yes2 to be sure ,i will1  
eagerly rejoined the rascal4 ,i will go 
for them at once1 he added1 with a kind 

of hesitating assurance4  ,nonsense6    
,send for them1 you mean4 ,do so1 and ,i
 will wait their arrival4  ,his note was
 despatched by a sure hand2 and         
meanwhile ,i arranged the details of the
 expected meeting4 ,i1 and a friend1    
whom ,i momently expected1 would        
ensconce ourselves behind a large screen
 in the room1 while ,mr4 ,augustus      
,saville would run playfully over the   
charming plot with his two friends1 so  
that we might be able to fully          
appreciate its merits4 ,mr4 ,saville    
agreed4 ,i rang the bell1 an officer    
appeared1 and we took our posts in      
readiness4 ,we had scarcely done so1    
when the street-bell rang1 and ,saville 
announced the arrival of his            
confederates4 ,there was a twinkle in   
the fellow's green eyes which ,i thought
 ,i understood4 ,do not try that on1    
,mr4 ,augustus ,saville1 ,i quietly     
remarked3 we are but two here1          
certainly1 but there are half-a-dozen in
 waiting below4  ,no more was said1 and 

in another minute the friends met4 ,it  
was a boisterously jolly meeting1 as far
 as shaking hands and mutual            
felicitations on each other's good looks
 and health went4 ,saville was1 ,i      
thought1 the most obstreperously gay of 
all three4  ,and yet1 now ,i look at    
you1 ,saville1 closely1 said ,hartley1  
you don't look quite the thing4 ,have   
you seen a ghost8  ,no2 but this cursed 
brooch affair worries me4               
,nonsense6--humbug6--it's all right3 we 
are all embarked in the same boat4 ,it's
 a regular three-handed game4 ,i prigged
 it2 ,simmy here whipped it into pretty 
,mary's reticule1 which she1 ,i suppose1
 never looked into till the row came2   
and you claimed it--a regular           
merry-go-round1 eh8 ,ha6 ha6 ha6  ,quite
 so1 ,mr4 ,hartley1 said ,i1 suddenly   
facing him1 and at the same time        
stamping on the floor2 as you say1 a    
delightful merry-go-round2 and here1 you
 perceive1 ,i added1 as the officers    
crowded into the room1 are more         

gentlemen to join in it4  ,i must not   
stain the paper with the curses1        
imprecations1 blasphemies1 which for a  
brief space resounded through the       
apartment4 ,the rascals were safely and 
separately locked up a quarter of an    
hour afterwards2 and before a month had 
passed away1 all three were transported4
 ,it is scarcely necessary to remark1   
that they believed the brooch to be     
genuine1 and of great value4  ,mary     
,kingsford did not need to return to her
 employ4 ,westlake the elder withdrew   
his veto upon his son's choice1 and the 
wedding was celebrated in the following 
,may with great rejoicing2 ,mary's old  
playmate officiating as bridesmaid1 and 
,i as bride's-father4 ,the still young  
couple have now a rather numerous       
family1 and a home blessed with         
affection1 peace1 and competence4 ,it   
was some time1 however1 before ,mary    
recovered from the shock of her ,london 
adventure2 and ,i am pretty sure that   
the disagreeable reminiscences          

inseparately connected in her mind with 
the metropolis will prevent at least one
 person from being present at the       
,world's ,great ,fair4     ,historical  
,review of the ,month4   ,,the ,,united 
,,states4  ,our record of home affairs  
for the past month presents several     
points of more than usual interest4 ,two
 different movements1 both of which     
originated in the ,southern ,states1    
kept awake the public curiosity for     
three or four weeks past1 though at the 
time these sheets are going through the 
press both appear to be rapidly         
subsiding4  ,soon after the withdrawal  
of the ,government prosecution against  
,gen4 ,henderson1 ,lopez1 ,gen4         
,quitman1 and the other persons         
arraigned for trial as having been      
engaged in getting up a hostile         
expedition against ,cuba1 rumors of a   
second attempt being in preparation1    
began to be circulated through the      
country4 ,little attention was at first 
paid to these rumors1 but the matter    

soon assumed a more definite shape1 and 
the ,southern newspapers began to notice
 the congregation of suspicious persons 
at different points on or near the      
coast4 ,from the intelligence which the 
,government received1 it became evident 
that an extensive expedition1 was on    
foot1 the object of which was the       
invasion of ,cuba4 ,the ,united ,states 
officers were ordered to be on the      
watch1 for the purpose of obtaining more
 particular intelligence of its         
movements4  ,two or three thousand men  
had collected in the neighborhood of    
,jacksonville1 ,florida1 which had been 
selected as the principal rendezvous of 
the expedition4 ,these men awaited the  
arrival of a steamer from ,new-,york1   
which had been chartered by parties     
there4 ,the ,government1 however1 had   
already received intelligence of their  
plans1 and instructions were at once    
sent to the ,united ,states ,marshal at 
,new-,york1 to prevent the departure of 
the steamer4 ,this officer1 accompanied 

by a police force1 sailed down the bay  
in search of the suspected craft4 ,in   
the mean time it was found that the     
steamer ,cleopatra1 a large boat1       
formerly employed on the ,sound as a    
passenger boat1 was the vessel          
indicated4 ,she was then lying at one of
 the piers on the ,north ,river1 and was
 immediately seized and placed under the
 supervision of the ,united ,states     
authorities4 ,she was alleged to be     
bound to ,galveston1 ,texas4 ,a large   
quantity of coal was found on board1 and
 a great number of water casks1 and but 
few arms or ammunition of any kind4 ,a  
file of marines from the ,navy ,yard was
 placed on board1 and all communication 
with the shore forbidden4 ,no final     
disposition has yet been made of the    
vessel1 though orders were received to  
deliver her cargo to any person who may 
establish his ownership to the articles 
found on board4  ,at the same time1     
notice was received by the ,marshal that
 a number of ,germans and others had    

assembled at ,south ,amboy for the      
purpose of embarking on some secret     
expedition1 and one of the ,deputy      
,marshals was sent there for the purpose
 of procuring information4 ,disguising  
himself as a ,german emigrant1 he       
obtained sufficient evidence to warrant 
the arrest of the following six persons3
 ,william ,t4 ,rogers1 ,jr41 ,john ,l4  
,o',sullivan1 ,capt4 ,lewis1 of the     
steamboat ,creole1 a member of the      
former expedition2 ,major ,louis        
,schlesinger1 one of the ,hungarian     
refugees2 ,pedro ,sanchez ,yznaga1 a    
,cuban refugee2 and ,dr4 ,daniel ,h4    
,burtnett4 ,each of the parties was held
 to bail in the sum of #c1jjj1 to appear
 for examination4  ,the movement must   
have been of considerable magnitude1 but
 there was evidently a want of concert  
among its members1 which may have led to
 its abandonment4 ,from what could be   
ascertained1 it was not the intention of
 the leaders to organize the expedition 
in this country1 but to sail to some    

point beyond the limits of the ,united  
,states1 and there concentrate their    
forces for the invasion4  ,the ,south   
,carolina ,state ,rights ,convention    
assembled at ,charleston on the #eth of 
,may4 ,the ,hon4 ,j4 ,p4 ,richardson1   
,ex-,governor of the ,state1 was        
appointed ,president4 ,forty district   
associations were represented1 and #dca 
,delegates took their seats4 ,the       
,president1 in his opening address1     
reviewed the present position of the    
,south1 and considered that1 under      
existing circumstances1 ,southern       
institutions could not exist twenty     
years4 ,he discussed at some length the 
want of affinity between the two        
sections of the ,union1 and expressed   
his conviction that those whom ,god and 
,nature have put asunder should not be  
joined together4 ,on the second day1 a  
letter from the ,hon4 ,langdon ,cheves  
was read1 excusing his non-attendance4  
,he deprecated separate ,state action1  
believing that one ,state cannot stand  

alone in the midst of her sister        
,states4  ,a committee of twenty-one was
 appointed to prepare resolutions and an
 address1 which were adopted1 after     
considerable discussion4 ,the following 
are the resolutions1 which embody the   
sentiments of the ,convention3  #a4     
,resolved1 ,that in the opinion of this 
meeting the ,state of ,south ,carolina  
cannot submit to the wrongs and         
aggressions which have been perpetrated 
by the ,federal ,government and the     
,northern ,states1 without dishonor and 
ruin2 and that it is necessary for her  
to relieve herself therefrom1 whether   
with or without the co-operation of     
other ,southern ,states4  #b4 ,resolved1
 ,that concert of action with one or    
more of our sister ,states of the       
,south1 whether through the proposed    
,southern ,congress1 or in any other    
manner1 is an object worth many         
sacrifices1 but not the sacrifice       
involved in submission4  #c4 ,resolved1 
,that we hold the right of secession to 

be essential to the sovereignty and     
freedom of the ,states of this          
confederacy2 and that the denial of that
 right would furnish to an injured      
,state the strongest additional cause   
for its exercise4  #d4 ,resolved1 ,that 
this meeting looks with confidence and  
hope to the ,convention of the ,people1 
to exert the sovereign power of the     
,state in defence of its rights1 at the 
earliest practicable period and in the  
most effectual manner1 and to the       
,legislature1 to adopt the most speedy  
and effectual measures toward the same  
end4  ,mr4 ,barnwell and two other      
members of the ,committee presented a   
minority ,report1 referring the whole   
matter to the action of the             
,legislature4 ,judge ,butler1 ,u4 ,s4   
,senator1 also recommended a            
postponement of any decisive step4 ,the 
original ,report1 however1 was adopted1 
and the ,convention adjourned sine die4 
,the subject has occasioned but little  
excitement out of ,south ,carolina1 and 

it is not anticipated that any other    
,state will pursue a similar course4    
,the ,mexican ,government has made a    
formal complaint to the ,president of   
the ,united ,states1 in relation to the 
,indian outrages along the frontier1    
which the ,united ,states were bound to 
suppress1 according to the ,treaty of   
,guadaloupe ,hidalgo4 ,it is believed   
that a demand of a million of dollars   
will be made for damages which the      
,indians have already caused2 besides   
which1 ,mexico refuses to ratify the    
,tchuantepec ,treaty1 unless these      
provisions are fulfilled4 ,at the last  
session of ,congress1 the appropriation 
asked by the ,war ,department for this  
purpose1 was not made2 besides which1   
the troops most serviceable for such a  
warfare have been disbanded4  ,an order 
has been issued by the ,president1 that 
the tracts of land in ,iowa1 occupied by
 ,general ,ujhazy and the other         
,hungarian exiles1 shall be withheld    
from sale until the end of the next     

session of ,congress1 with a view to    
making application to that body for a   
grant of the lands4  ,the ,massachusetts
 ,legislature1 after a struggle of four 
months1 succeeded in electing a ,u4 ,s4 
,senator on the #bdth of ,april4        
,charles ,sumner1 ,esq41 the ,free ,soil
 ,candidate1 was chosen on that day1 by 
#aic votes1 precisely the number        
necessary for election4 ,the ,boston    
,board of ,aldermen1 who had passed a   
resolution refusing the use of ,faneuil 
,hall for a public address by ,daniel   
,webster1 have since then retracted the 
step and concurred with the ,common     
,council in inviting ,mr4 ,webster to   
address the citizens of ,boston4        
,faneuil ,hall1 hereafter1 is to be     
granted on all occasions1 at the        
application of one hundred voters4      
,before leaving ,boston1 ,mr4 ,webster  
delivered a speech to the citizens of   
,boston1 from the steps of the ,revere  
,house4  ,the ,legislature of ,new-,york
 adjourned on the #agth of ,april4 ,the 

question of the enlargement of the ,erie
 ,canal was before the ,senate1 when    
twelve of the ,democratic members of    
that body resigned their seats in order 
to prevent the passage of the bill1 by  
leaving the senate without a quorum4    
,the usual annual appropriations had not
 been voted1 and the ,government was    
thus placed without the means of        
sustaining its operations4 ,an extra    
session of the ,legislature has been    
called by ,governor ,hunt1 for the #ajth
 of ,june4 ,elections have been ordered1
 in the mean time1 to fill the vacancies
 caused by the resignation of the       
,senators4 ,the ,members of the         
,assembly1 of both parties1 published   
manifestoes in relation to the question4
  ,the ,atlantic ,coast and the ,lakes  
have been visited this spring with a    
succession of tremendous gales1 which   
have done an immense amount of damage in
 various quarters4 ,a storm arose along 
the ,northeastern coast1 on the #aeth of
 ,april1 and at noon on the following   

day the tide was higher at ,boston than 
had ever been known before4 ,on the     
principal wharves of the city the water 
was three or four feet deep1 and the    
streets were so flooded that a large    
boat could be rowed around the ,custom  
,house4 ,an immense amount of damage was
 done to private property1 and many     
lives were lost4 ,the railroad tracks   
all around the city were submerged1 and 
in many places torn up and washed away4 
,all along the coast1 from ,new ,bedford
 to ,portland1 the gale raged with      
nearly equal violence1 causing much     
injury to the shipping4 ,the loss of    
property is estimated at more than one  
million of dollars4  ,on the night of   
the #agth of ,april1 the third day of   
the storm1 the light-house on ,minot's  
,ledge1 at the entrance of ,boston      
harbor1 was carried away1 and the two   
men in it at the time drowned4 ,mr4     
,bennett1 the keeper1 who had been to   
,boston1 was prevented from returning to
 it by the rough sea1 and thus escaped4 

,it was formed of wrought iron bars1    
riveted into the rock1 and rising to the
 height of sixty feet1 having chambers  
in the upper part for the keeper and his
 assistants4 ,the light-house had been  
severely tested in the late equinoctial 
storm1 and was considered secure4  ,his 
,excellency1 ,president ,fillmore1      
accompanied by the ,hon4 ,daniel        
,webster1 ,secretary of ,state2 ,hon4   
,william ,a4 ,graham1 ,secretary of the 
,navy2 ,hon4 ,j4 ,j4 ,crittenden1       
,attorney ,general2 and ,hon4 ,n4 ,k4   
,hall1 ,postmaster ,general1 left       
,washington on the #abth of ,may1 in    
order to be present at the opening of   
the ,erie ,railroad from ,new-,york to  
,dunkirk4 ,they were received with great
 enthusiasm on the way2 at ,baltimore   
and ,wilmington they were officially    
welcomed1 and were met at the latter    
place by the ,mayor and ,common ,council
 of ,philadelphia1 who escorted them to 
that city4  ,here the people turned out 
to give them a public reception1 and    

speeches were made by the ,president and
 ,mr4 ,webster4 ,on their way to        
,new-,york they were met at ,amboy by   
the ,erie ,railroad ,company's steamer  
and conveyed to the city1 saluted on the
 way by national salutes from the forts 
in the harbor1 and the military         
companies of the city1 who were drawn up
 on the ,battery1 to receive the        
distinguished visitors4 ,the ceremonies 
of welcome were performed in ,castle    
,garden1 where the ,president and       
,secretaries were welcomed by ,mayor    
,kingsland4 ,eloquent speeches were made
 in return by the ,president1 ,mr4      
,webster1 and ,mr4 ,crittenden4 ,a      
military procession more than a mile in 
length1 was then formed1 and marched    
through the principal streets1 which    
were thronged with spectators4 ,flags   
were waving from every point1 and as the
 day was remarkably bright and warm1 the
 spectacle was one of unusual life and  
animation4  ,the ,company's boat left   
,new-,york at #f o'clock on the morning 

of the #adth1 having on board the       
,president and ,secretaries1 all the    
principal ,state officers except        
,governor ,hunt1 the officers of the    
,erie ,railroad ,company1 a large       
representation from the ,state ,senate  
and ,assembly1 and both boards of the   
,common ,council of the city1 besides a 
number of other distinguished persons4  
,at ,piermont1 three special trains     
received the company1 #fjj in all1 and  
the grand march of #dej miles1 through  
what was lately the wilderness of the   
,state1 from the ,hudson to ,lake ,erie1
 commenced4 ,all along the line of the  
road the people turned out en masse1    
cannons were fired and bells rung as the
 trains passed1 and triumphal arches    
erected over the road4 ,brief addresses 
were made at the principal stations by  
the ,president1 ,mr4 ,webster1 ,mr4     
,seward1 ,mr4 ,crittenden1 and other    
distinguished guests4 ,the trains       
stopped at ,elmira for the night1 and   
proceeded next day to ,dunkirk1 which   

they reached in the afternoon4 ,here the
 crowning celebration was made4 ,all the
 country1 far and near1 arose to hail   
the completion of the greatest railroad 
enterprise in the world4 ,after the     
meeting1 a grand barbecue was held3 two 
oxen and ten sheep were roasted whole1  
and the company regaled on a magnificent
 scale4 ,the day following this opening 
excursion1 the regular passenger trains 
commenced running from ,new-,york to    
,dunkirk4 ,the distance between the     
,ocean and ,lake ,erie is now but a     
summer's day4  ,in the ,connecticut     
,legislature the ,democratic candidate  
for ,governor1 ,mr4 ,seymour1 was       
elected by a majority of one vote4 ,the 
,legislature of ,rhode ,island1 on the  
#ajth of ,may1 restored to ,ex-,gov4    
,dorr1 7well-known as the leader of     
,dorr's ,rebellion17 all the rights and 
privileges of a citizen4  ,m4 ,bois ,le 
,compte1 the ,french ,minister at       
,washington1 who has been recalled by   
his ,government1 took leave of the      

,president on the #b;d of ,may1 and will
 shortly return to ,france4  ,jenny     
,lind reached ,new-,york in the         
beginning of ,may1 after a triumphant   
tour of five months in the ,south and   
,west4 ,she commenced a series of       
farewell concerts on the #gth4 ,she was 
received with as full a house and       
scarcely less enthusiasm than on the    
night of her first appearance in        
,america4 ,the ,firemen of the city1 in 
return for her donation of #cjjj to the 
,widows' and ,orphans' ,fund1 have      
presented her with a resolution of      
thanks inclosed in a gold box1 and a    
copy of ,audubon's ,birds of ,america in
 a rosewood case4  ,a fire occurred at  
,santa ,fe1 ,new ,mexico1 on the #bb;d  
of ,april1 which destroyed the finest   
hotel in the place4 ,col4 ,sumner1 who  
is to take command of the ,united       
,states military force in the           
,department1 carries with him a large   
amount of seeds1 grains1 improved stock1
 farming utensils1 and apparatus for    

developing the capacity of the soil4 ,it
 is designed to make the ,united ,states
 troops in ,new ,mexico support         
themselves as far as possible4 ,the     
,apache ,indians have been very         
troublesome1 but a treaty of amity has  
been effected with their principal      
chief1 ,chacon4 ,the ,mexican citizens  
are well satisfied with the             
establishment of the ,territorial       
,government4  ,the ,california mails of 
,march #aeth and ,april #ast have been  
received4 ,the steamers which sailed    
from ,san ,francisco on those days took 
away more than #c1ejj1jjj in gold dust  
for the ,atlantic ,states4 ,the news is 
generally of a very favorable character4
 ,the severe drought which had prevailed
 through the whole winter1 terminated on
 the #agth of ,march1 when a succession 
of heavy showers commenced1 the effect  
of which had been to revive business of 
all kinds4 ,the miners in the dry       
diggings had a sufficiency of water to  
wash out their piles of dirt1 and the   

gold dust1 flowing into the centres of  
trades1 soon dissipated the dulness     
which had fallen upon business of all   
kinds4 ,agricultural prospects have also
 brightened1 and the crops of           
,california will this year be an        
important feature of her products4 ,the 
odious tax of #bj per month on all      
foreign miners has been repealed1 and   
the ,mexicans and ,chilians who were    
last year driven out of the country will
 probably return4  ,the ,legislature    
still continues in session1 and since   
its futile attempt to elect a ,united   
,states ,senator1 has gone vigorously to
 work4 ,the sale of lottery tickets has 
been prohibited2 the sum of #bjj1jjj    
appropriated for the pay of persons     
engaged in military operations against  
the ,indians1 and the ,state ,treasurer 
authorized to obtain a loan of #ejj1jjj4
 ,the ,district ,court of ,sacramento   
has given a decision sustaining the     
suitors of claims on all lands on which 
the city is located4 ,a fugitive slave  

case--the first in ,california--has been
 settled at ,san ,francisco4 ,the owner 
of a slave1 who had employed him in the 
mines for three or four months1 was     
about to return with him to the         
,atlantic ,states4 ,but as the slave    
preferred remaining1 a writ of habeas   
corpus was procured and a hearing had   
before the ,court1 which decided that   
the negro was at liberty to stay and    
could not be removed against his will4  
,a fire broke out in a bowling alley in 
,nevada ,city1 on the #abth of ,march1  
and spread so rapidly that before it    
could be subdued1 the largest and best  
portion of the city was in ashes4 ,one  
hundred and twenty-eight houses were    
destroyed1 and the entire loss is       
estimated at #cjj1jjj4  ,accounts from  
all parts of the gold region give       
flattering accounts of the golden       
harvest for the present year4 ,the      
richest locality appears to be the      
district lying between ,feather ,river  
and the ,american ,fork1 embracing the  

,yuba and its tributaries4 ,the northern
 mines1 on ,trinity1 ,scott's and       
,klamath ,rivers1 continue to attract   
attention4 ,on the ,mokelumne ,river1   
gold is found in large quantities on the
 sides and summits of the hills4 ,a     
placer of the precious metal has also   
been discovered by the ,mexicans near   
,san ,diego4 ,the operations in quartz  
mining promise to be very profitable4 ,a
 vein near ,nevada ,city has been sold  
for #acj1jjj4 ,later accounts from the  
,gold ,bluff are more encouraging4 ,the 
top sand was washed away during a severe
 gale1 and the heavy substratum1 being  
washed1 was found to yield from three to
 eight ounces to each pailful4 ,messrs4 
,moffat  ,co41 who obtained the         
,government contract for assaying gold1 
received deposits of gold dust amounting
 to #ajj1jjj in two hours after opening 
their office4 ,the operations of the    
office had such an effect that the      
bankers of ,san ,francisco were         
compelled to raise the price of gold    

dust to #ag per ounce1 in order to have 
any share in the trade4  ,professor     
,forest ,shepard1 of ,new-,haven1 who   
has been prosecuting geological         
explorations in different parts of      
,california1 has discovered a remarkable
 valley in the ,coast ,range1 north of  
,napa ,valley4 ,it is an immense chasm1 
#ajjj feet deep1 in the bottom of which 
was a large number of boiling springs   
and jets of steam1 with here and there a
 fountain of hot water1 similar to the  
geysers of ,iceland4 ,there are more    
than two hundred in all1 within a       
compass of half a mile square4 ,the soil
 of the valley was so warm that1        
although it was in the middle of winter1
 flowers were in full bloom and a       
luxuriant vegetation springing on all   
sides4 ,it is ,professor ,shepard's     
intention to claim a portion of the     
valley1 build a house thereon1 and plant
 tropical trees in the warm soil4  ,the 
,hon4 ,samuel ,r4 ,thurston1 ,delegate  
to ,congress from ,oregon ,territory1   

died on the #ith ult41 on board the     
steamer ,california1 bound from ,panama 
to ,san ,francisco4 ,his remains were   
taken to ,acapulco for interment4  ,our 
news from ,oregon is to the #bb;d of    
,march4 ,a discovery has been made by   
,capt4 ,george ,drew1 of a vein of coal 
on the ,cowlitz ,river1 eighteen miles  
from its junction with the ,columbia1   
and about one mile from the main        
,cowlitz4 ,the vein is two feet thick   
and about half a mile in width1 fifteen 
feet above high water mark and about    
forty feet below the surface of the     
bluff mountain4 ,governor ,ogden1 of the
 ,hudson's ,bay ,company1 at ,vancouver1
 sent a boat and crew to bring a        
quantity away1 that it may be fairly    
tested4   ,,europe4  ,the ,grand        
,exhibition of the ,industry of ,all    
,nations1 in the ,crystal ,palace at    
,,london1 was opened on ,thursday1 ,may 
#a1 with appropriate and imposing       
ceremonies4 ,just before twelve o'clock1
 which was the hour appointed for the   

arrival of the ,queen1 the rain that had
 been falling at intervals during the   
day ceased altogether1 and the sun shone
 forth from a cloudless sky4 ,on the    
appearance of the ,royal cortege1 the   
utmost enthusiasm was manifested by the 
people who thronged the vicinity of the 
,palace1 and1 in the midst of the cheers
 of the multitude1 and the flourish of  
military music1 the ,queen1 accompanied 
by ,prince ,albert1 the ,prince of      
,wales1 and the ,princess ,royal1 was   
ushered into the interior of the        
building4 ,she was welcomed by the vast 
assemblage with repeated and universal  
cheers1 ladies waved their              
handkerchiefs1 gentlemen their hats1 and
 the whole scene presented a spectacle  
of unrivalled splendor4 ,after she had  
ascended the throne1 which was a raised 
platform surmounted with a blue canopy  
ornamented with feathers1 the ,national 
,anthem was sung by an immense choir    
under direction of ,sir ,henry ,bishop4 
,when the music had ceased1 ,prince     

,albert presented to the ,queen the     
report of the proceedings of the        
,commissioners1 to which she replied in 
a short speech4 ,the ,archbishop of     
,canterbury then offered the prayer of  
inauguration1 at the close of which the 
,hallelujah ,chorus was sung4 ,a        
procession was now formed1 composed of  
the architect1 contractors1 and         
officials engaged in the construction of
 the ,crystal ,palace1 the ,foreign     
,commissioners1 the ,royal              
,commissioners1 ,foreign ,ambassadors1  
and the members of the ,royal ,family4  
,after making the circuit of the        
building in the procession1 the ,queen  
resumed her seat on the platform1 and   
announced by a herald that the          
,exhibition was opened4 ,a flourish of  
trumpets and a discharge of artillery   
proclaimed the fact to the thronging    
multitudes on the outside4 ,the ,queen1 
attended by the ,court1 then withdrew   
from the building2 the choir again      
struck up the strain of the ,national   

,anthem2 the barriers1 which had        
confined the spectators within certain  
limits1 were removed2 and the whole mass
 of visitors poured over every part of  
the magnificent edifice1 eager to       
gratify a highly excited curiosity4     
,the number of exhibitors1 whose        
productions are now displayed in the    
,crystal ,palace1 is about #ae1jjj4     
,one-half of these are ,british         
subjects4 ,the remainder represent the  
industry of more than forty other       
nations1 comprising nearly every        
civilized country on the globe4 ,the    
,exhibition is divided into four        
classes2 #a4 ,raw ,materials2 #b4       
,machinery2 #c4 ,manufactures2 #d4      
,sculpture and the ,fine ,arts4 ,a      
further division is made1 according to  
the geographical position of the        
countries represented1 those which lie  
within the warmer latitudes being placed
 near the centre of the building1 and   
the colder countries at the extremities4
 ,the ,crystal ,palace1 which was       

commenced on the #bfth of ,september1   
and has accordingly been completed in   
the short space of seven months1        
occupies an extent of about #ah acres1  
measuring #a1hea feet in length1 and    
#eef in breadth1 and affords a frontage 
for the exhibition of goods amounting in
 the aggregate to over #aj miles4 ,it   
can accommodate at one time #dj1jjj     
visitors4  ,an interesting debate took  
place in the ,,british ,house of        
,commons on the #c;d of ,april1 upon a  
motion by ,mr4 ,herries for the repeal  
of the ,income ,tax4 ,in an elaborate   
speech supporting his motion1 ,mr4      
,herries maintained that the ,income    
,tax was proposed by ,sir ,robert ,peel 
in order to meet a peculiar emergency   
occasioned by the maladministration of  
the ,whigs prior to #ahda4 ,he presented
 a minute calculation for the purpose of
 showing that two-sevenths of the tax   
might be remitted without damage to the 
financial interests of the nation1 and  
that the remission of ,l#a1efj1jjj would

 be a greater relief than the removal of
 the window-tax4 ,in reply to ,mr4      
,herries1 the ,chancellor of the        
,exchequer contended that the measures  
contemplated in the motion were of the  
most disastrous tendency1 and           
recommended the ,house to vote an       
,income ,tax for three years4 ,on a     
division of the ,house1 ,mr4 ,herries'  
motion was lost by a majority of #dh4   
,the subject of ,colonial ,expenditures 
has elicited a warm debate in the ,house
 of ,commons4 ,sir ,william ,molesworth 
argued in favor of giving the means of  
local self-government to all colonies   
which are not military stations nor     
convict settlements4 ,the colonies cost 
the ,united ,kingdom the enormous sum of
 ,l#d1jjj1jjj sterling4 ,he believed the
 military force maintained in the       
various colonies might be cut down to   
less than half the present establishment
 without injury to the ,government4     
,under proper regulations1 #ag1jjj men  
would be sufficient for the colonial    

garrisons1 instead of #de1jjj4 ,for     
colonial services the troops should be  
paid by the colonies--for ,imperial     
purposes1 by the ,general ,government4  
,he contended that in the ,north        
,american colonies1 the expenditure for 
military affairs should be reduced      
,l#djj1jjj per annum1 and in the ,west  
,indies ,l#bej1jjj4 ,from the           
,australian colonies nearly the whole   
military force might be withdrawn to    
advantage4 ,unless the military         
operations were discontinued in ,south  
,africa1 the war would cost ,l#a1jjj1jjj
 more than the value of the colony4 ,in 
conclusion1 he estimated that the       
adoption of his measures would save the 
,government at least ,l#a1hjj1jjj in    
military and civil expenditure4 ,the    
views of ,sir ,william ,molesworth were 
ably sustained by other members1 while1 
on the contrary1 ,lord ,john ,russell   
declared they were of a ruinous         
tendency1 and earnestly protested       
against their adoption4 ,if the plan    

were carried into effect1 the glory of  
the ,british nation would be destroyed4 
,she could no longer maintain her proud 
position before the world4 ,the         
integrity of her empire would be        
annihilated1 and she would be exposed to
 the attack of foreign powers4 ,the     
debate was finally adjourned without a  
division4  ,the latest intelligence     
concerning ,miss ,talbot1 whose relation
 to the ,roman ,catholic controversy has
 produced such a general excitement in  
,england1 is her decision to accept of a
 proposal of marriage from ,lord ,edward
 ,howard1 a ,catholic nobleman of wealth
 and character4 ,application was made by
 the friends of the parties for the     
consent of the ,lord ,chancellor1 which 
was given without hesitation4  ,the     
,british ,government has presented a    
memorial to the ,courts of ,berlin and  
,vienna1 on the subject of admitting    
non-,german territories into the        
,confederation1 and insisting on a      
strict adherence to the ,treaty of      

,vienna4  ,a new cabinet has been formed
 in ,,france1 consisting of ,baroche1   
,rouher1 ,fould1 ,leon-,faucher1        
,buffet1 ,chasseloup ,laubat1 de        
,crouseilhes1 ,randon and ,maque4 ,the  
most prominent of these ministers are   
,baroche1 ,fould1 and ,leon-,faucher4   
,they are all taken from the minority of
 the ,assembly1 and their choice will   
increase the difference between the     
,president and that body4 ,baroche and  
,fould were members of the ministry     
which was obliged to retire in ,january 
last1 before the opposition of the      
,assembly4 ,leon-,faucher labors under  
the stigma of having used the telegraph 
for electioneering purposes1 for which  
he was condemned by the vote of the     
constituent assembly4 ,buffet was       
minister of commerce and agriculture in 
the administration of                   
,o',dillon-,barrot4 ,he is inclined to  
free trade sentiments1 agreeing for the 
most part with ,leon-,faucher in his    
commercial views4 ,de ,crouseilhes is a 

legitimist4 ,he is an ex-peer of        
,france1 but has been more distinguished
 for his private worth than his         
political ability4 ,chasseloup ,laubat  
has been in official employment since   
#ahbh1 though he is still under fifty   
years of age4 ,the best debater in the  
new ministry is undoubtedly ,baroche1   
whose sagacity and mental vigor cannot  
be mistaken4  ,the political condition  
of ,france is still the subject of much 
speculation1 but no definite conclusions
 can be arrived at in the present       
fluctuations of parties4 ,every thing   
shows the uncertainty which pervades the
 public mind4 ,the ,president has       
renounced the hope of improving his     
political prospects1 by obtaining a     
revision of the constitution4 ,this     
could not be carried without a majority 
of three-fourths of the ,assembly1 while
 at least nearly #aij of the most       
strenuous republicans are decidedly     
opposed to the measure4 ,the government 
is now sustained by the legitimists1 who

 perceive no immediate hope of the      
accomplishment of their favorite plans4 
,the partisans of ,cavaignac are in     
favor of the speedy resignation of the  
,president4 ,in their opinion1 this is  
necessary1 in order to anticipate the   
general election1 and thus prevent the  
difficulties that would ensue by the    
dissolution of the ,assembly1 without an
 established executive4 ,others1 on the 
contrary1 are in favor of extending the 
,presidential term for the period of ten
 years4 ,a reconciliation was about to  
take place1 according to the general    
rumor1 between the ,president and       
,general ,changarnier4 ,the government  
has demanded of the cabinet at ,london  
the expulsion of ,ledru ,rollin and     
other active politicians among the      
,french refugees4 ,with the present     
facilities of communication between     
,london and ,paris1 their influence was 
believed to be adverse to the policy of 
the ,french government1 and to increase 
the difficulties of the existing crisis4

  ,an insurrection1 headed by the ,duke 
of ,saldanha1 has been attempted in     
,cientra1 ,,portugal4 ,the insurgents   
were about five thousand in number1 and 
displayed considerable determination4   
,their leader is a man of great energy1 
and has had no small experience in      
political disturbances4 ,he belongs to  
the reactionary party4 ,the ,king1 who  
commands the army in person1 has        
occupied the fortress of ,santarem1 and 
the chances of the insurgents appear    
desperate1 although they are said to    
have some friends in the royal army4    
,the garrison at ,oporto have declared  
for ,saldanha1 and the inhabitants of   
that city are generally on his side4 ,he
 had decided to abandon the contest1 and
 embark for ,england1 but was recalled  
by the insurgents4  ,the ,king of       
,,naples has prohibited his subjects    
from taking part in the ,exhibition of  
the ,world's ,fair1 and from being      
present at it as visitors4 ,the ,king of
 ,sardinia proposes to visit ,england   

during the ,exhibition4  ,the ,emperor  
of ,,russia has appointed a ,committee  
of manufacturers and scientific men1    
under the ,presidency of the ,director  
,general of ,public ,works to visit the 
,exhibition1 and also to examine the    
principal manufacturing establishments  
of ,france4 ,he has also given          
permission to his subjects who may      
attend the exhibition1 to pass through  
,france on complying with certain       
conditions4  ,the city of ,,drontheim   
has again suffered from a popular       
outbreak1 although not from political   
causes4 ,the military and burgher guard 
were compelled to interfere1 and several
 arrests took place4 ,the difficulty    
originated in the prohibition of the    
sale of fish by the peasantry1 in       
compliance with the demands of the      
licensed fishermen4  ,a misunderstanding
 of a serious nature has occurred       
between the ,emperor of ,,austria and   
the ,sultan of ,,turkey4 ,this has      
resulted in the withdrawal of the       

,austrian minister from ,constantinople4
 ,the ,sultan is charged with refusing  
to comply with the demands of the       
,emperor in regard to ,kossuth and the  
other ,hungarian prisoners4 ,he declines
 detaining them after the expiration of 
the year during which he had promised to
 hold them in custody4 ,an additional   
offence is his presentation of a claim  
upon the ,austrian treasury for the     
expenses of the detention4  ,at our last
 dates from ,,turkey1 the ,bosnian      
insurrection had been conducted with    
great activity1 although it has probably
 been suppressed by ,omer ,pasha4 ,a    
sanguinary engagement between the       
,sultan's troops and a body of fifteen  
thousand insurgents has taken place in  
the vicinity of ,jaicza1 in which       
several hundred of the combatants on    
both sides were killed or mortally      
wounded4 ,the conflict terminated in    
favor of the rebels4     ,recent        
,deaths4   ,,captain ,j4 ,d4            
,,cunningham1 of the ,bengal ,engineers1

 author of the ,history of the ,sikhs1  
died in ,india on the twenty-eight of   
,february1 in consequence1 it is said1  
of his removal from the political agency
 of ,bhopaul1 where his services and    
abilities had been highly valued4 ,the  
act of the ,company fell with peculiar  
hardship upon an officer who had passed 
twenty years of honorable and           
uninterrupted service in every climate  
of ,india1 and whose error 7if any were 
committed by the publication in         
question7 was certainly not of a        
character demanding censure so grave4   
,it will be recollected that the book   
threw some new light on the conduct of  
,lord ,hardinge at ,sobraon1 and that   
the writer was dismissed on the charge  
of having1 without authority1 published 
documents officially intrusted to his   
charge4 ,the friends of ,captain        
,cunningham aver that he had formerly   
asked permission1 and he construed the  
reply to be an expression of            
indifference on the part of the         

directors4 ,it was never pretended that 
an unworthy motive had influenced him1  
or that he had acted on any other than a
 desire 7however mistaken7 to promote   
the welfare of the government to which  
he was attached4 ,it is understood that 
,captain ,cunningham's health broke soon
 after this painful misunderstanding1   
and that its effects pursued him to his 
death4 ,he was a son of ,allan          
,cunningham1 had distinguished himself  
greatly in all his ,indian employments1 
and had not completed his fortieth year4
         99       99       99       99  
99  ,the ,glasgow ,citizen calls        
attention to the death of ,mr4 ,,john   
,,henning1 the well-known ,paisley      
artist1 whose studies from the ,elgin   
marbles and cartoons after ,raphad      
obtained so much distinction for        
himself1 and contributed so largely to  
the diffusion of a general taste for the
 fine arts amongst his countrymen4 ,mr4 
,henning was a self-taught sculptor1 and
 devoted twelve years of his life1 under

 great difficulties1 to the restoration 
of the ,greek marbles brought over by   
,lord ,elgin4 ,his copies of these on a 
reduced scale are so well known and     
esteemed as to render eulogium on their 
merits here unnecessary4 ,many busts of 
his contemporaries remain to testify    
further to the excellence of his hand4  
,he was one of the men whom his native  
town delighted to honor4         99     
99       99       99       99  ,,padre  
,,rozaven1 one of the most famous of    
modern ,jesuits1 and distinguished by   
divers polemical treatises1 as well as  
by a long residence and religious       
warfare in ,russia1 has just died in    
,rome in his eighty-second year4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,,prince ,,wittgenstein1 ,minister of   
the ,royal ,house of ,prussia1 died on  
the #aath ,april1 at ,berlin1 at the age
 of eighty-one4 ,he had been in the     
service of the state fifty-six years1   
and had filled the post in which he died
 since #ahai4         99       99       

99       99       99  ,,henry           
,,bickersteth1 ,,lord ,,langdale1 late  
,master of the ,rolls1 died on ,good    
,friday1 at ,tunbridge ,wells1 to which 
place he had lately repaired for the    
benefit of his health--impaired by      
long-continued mental labor1 resulting  
in a paralytic stroke1 which took place 
shortly before his death4 ,he was born  
on the eighteenth of ,june1 #aghc1 in   
the county of ,westmoreland1 where his  
father was possessed of a small         
property4 ,originally destined for the  
medical profession 7of which his father 
was a member71 in which he had completed
 his studies1 he visited the ,continent 
with the family of the late ,earl of    
,oxford1 by whose advice he was induced 
to embark on the career of the bar4 ,he 
entered ,caius ,college1 ,cambridge1    
where he took his degrees as senior     
wrangler in #ahjh4 ,three years         
afterwards he was called to the bar1 and
 engaged at once in the duties of his   
profession4 ,he rapidly rose to great   

eminence in the ,equity ,courts1 to     
which he confined his practice4 ,on the 
nineteenth of ,january1 #ahcf1 he was   
appointed to succeed ,lord ,cottenham as
 ,master of the ,rolls1 and was at the  
same time called to the ,house of       
,peers4 ,but a few months had elapsed   
after his accession to the mastership of
 the rolls when ,lord ,langdale         
delivered in the ,house of ,lords his   
remarkable speech on the administration 
of justice in the ,court of ,chancery1  
and on the appellate jurisdiction of    
their lordships' house1 and to the      
opinions expressed in that speech1 and  
in favor of the division of the duties  
of the ,great ,seal1 he constantly      
adhered4 ,on the resignation of ,lord   
,cottenham last year1 the ,great ,seal  
was more than once tendered to ,lord    
,langdale by the head of the present    
administration2 but though he consented 
to act as first commissioner1 and sat   
for a short time in the ,lord           
,chancellor's court1 and in the ,house  

of ,lords1 in that capacity1 the intense
 application to which the state of the  
,court of ,chancery had condemned him   
forbade a further stretch of his powers4
         99       99       99       99  
99  ,,general ,e4 ,j4 ,,roberts1 for    
many years conspicuous as an editor and 
a politician in the state of ,new ,york1
 died at the age of fifty-five1 a few   
weeks ago1 at ,detroit4 ,he formerly    
edited ,the ,craftsman1 at ,rochester1  
and in #ahcj was editor of a journal of 
that title in ,albany4 ,he removed to   
,michigan in #ahcd1 and filled very     
important offices in that state4 ,he was
 a member of the state senate at the    
time of his death4         99       99  
99       99       99  ,from ,stockholm  
is announced the death1 at the age of   
seventy-one1 of the distinguished       
botanist and geologist1 ,m4             
,,gorean-,,wahlenberg1 ,professor at the
 ,university of ,upsal1 and director of 
the botanical garden in the same        
institution4 ,m4 ,wahlenberg is stated  

to have spent thirty out of his         
seventy-one years in scientific journies
 through the different countries of     
,europe2 and the results of these       
travels he has recorded in a variety of 
learned works4 ,he left his rich        
collection and numerous library to the  
,university of ,upsal2 in which he was a
 student1--and to which he was attached 
in various capacities during upwards of 
forty-three years4         99       99  
99       99       99  ,we lack room for 
notices of the lives of ,archbishop     
,,ecleston1 of ,baltimore2 ,general     
,,brady1 of the ,united ,states ,army2  
and ,mr4 ,,philip ,,hone1 three eminent 
persons who have died since our last    
publication4     ,e4 ,e4 ,,marcy1       
,m4,d41 ,,author ,,of ,,the             
,,homoeopathic ,,theory ,,and           
,,practice4  ,illustration   ,dr4 ,marcy
 is one of the thousand or more         
physicians of the old school who have   
become homoeopathists4 ,with            
professional eminence1 and a liberal    

fortune1 he joined the converts to the  
doctrine of ,hahnemann1 and at once took
 rank among the most distinguished      
physicians of the new practice4         
,homoeopathy is one of the grand facts  
of this age4 ,it is no longer laughed   
at1 but has reached that condition which
 enables it to challenge a respectful   
consideration from all who would not    
themselves be subjects of ridicule4 ,of 
educated and thoughtful men1 in our     
large cities1 it is contended that more 
than one-half are of its supporters4 ,in
 ,great ,britain we see that ,archbishop
 ,whately1 the ,chevalier ,bunsen1 and  
,dr4 ,scott of ,owen's ,college1        
constitute a trio of its literary       
adherents4 ,cobden1 ,leslie1 and        
,wilson1 are examples of its            
parliamentary partizans4 ,radetzky1     
,pulzsky1 and ,general ,farquharson1    
rank among its numerous military        
defenders4 ,leaf1 ,sugden1 and ,forbes1 
are three of its great ,london          
merchants4 ,the ,duke of ,hamilton1 the 

,earls of ,wilton1 ,shrewsbury1 ,erne1  
and ,denbigh1 and ,lords ,robert        
,grosvenor1 ,newport1 and ,kinnaird1 may
 serve for its guard of honor4 ,queen   
,adelaide was one of its numerous royal 
and noble patients1 and the ,duchess of 
,kent is the patroness of a great fair  
to be held for the benefit of some of   
its institutions in ,london during this 
present month of ,june--in the very     
heyday of the exhibition season4 ,in    
,france1 ,guizot1 ,changarnier1 ,comte1 
,lamartine1 and some forty members of   
the ,academy1 are among its advocates4  
,here in ,new-,york1 it is sufficient to
 say of the character of the society in 
which it is received1 that it includes  
,bryant1 who has been among the most    
active of its lay teachers4  ,it is     
clear that homoeopathy not only spreads 
apace1 but that it also spreads in all  
sorts of good directions1 through the   
present fabric of society4 ,and this    
fact certainly conveys the idea that    
there must be some sort of truth in     

homoeopathy2 whether pure or mixed1     
whether negative or affirmative1 whether
 critical of something old1 or          
declaratory of something new4  ,dr4     
,marcy is one of the leaders of the     
sect4 ,he is the son of an eminent      
lawyer1 who for more than twenty years  
has been in the legislature of          
,massachusetts2 he was graduated at     
,amherst ,college1 took his degree of   
,doctor in ,medicine at the ,university 
of ,pennsylvania1 and for ten years     
devoted himself with great success to   
medicine and surgery in ,hartford3 in   
surgery1 on several occasions1          
commanding the applause of both         
,european and ,american academies4 ,as a
 chemist1 also1 he greatly distinguished
 himself2 and it is not too much to say1
 that in the application of chemistry to
 the arts1 he has been more fortunate   
than any other ,american4 ,at length1   
while travelling in ,europe1 he became a
 convert to the theory1 similia         
similibus curantur1 and renouncing his  

earlier notions1 gave himself up to the 
study of it4 ,he published1 six months  
ago1 in a volume of six hundred pages1  
,the ,homoeopathic ,theory and ,practice
 of ,medicine1 of which a second edition
 is now in press2 and he is             
industriously occupied1 when not        
attending to the general business of his
 profession1 with a voluminous work on  
,animal ,chemistry4  ,it is admitted by 
the most wise and profoundly learned    
physicians of the allopathic practice1  
that the laws of that practice are for  
the most part vague and uncertain4 ,the 
cumulative experiences of many ages have
 shown indeed that certain substances   
have certain effects in certain         
conditions of the human organism2 but   
the processes by which these effects are
 induced are unknown1 or not so         
established as justly to be regarded as 
a part of science4 ,facts have been     
observed1 and hypotheses have been      
formed1 but there has been no           
demonstrative generalization1 really no 

philosophy of disease and cure2 and     
while in almost every other department1 
investigation and reflection have led by
 a steady and sure advance to the       
establishment of positive and immutable 
principles1 medicine has made1 except in
 a few specialities1 no advance at all1 
unless the theory here disclosed shall  
prove a solution of its secrets4 ,of    
these specialities1 the most important  
has been the discovery of the           
homoeopathic law in the isolated case of
 smallpox4 ,every body knows how        
difficult and slow was the reception of 
the principle of inoculation--of similia
 similibus curantur--in this disease2   
but it was received at last universally2
 and then arose ,hahnemann1 to claim for
 every disorder of the human system the 
application of the same principle4      
,right or wrong1 the father of          
homoeopathy gave us a system1 perfect in
 its parts1 universal in its fitness1   
and eminently beautiful in its          
simplicity4 ,it has been half a century 

before the world1 and though all the    
universities have parleyed and made     
truce with other innovations and        
asserted heresies1 and opened against   
this their heaviest and best plied      
artillery1 it is not to be denied that  
homoeopathy has made more rapid1        
diffusive1 and pervading advances1 than 
were ever before made by any doctrine of
 equal importance1 either in morals or  
physics4  ,we cannot but admit that we  
have been accustomed to regard the      
theories of ,hahnemann with distrust1   
and that the principle of the           
attenuation of drugs1 etc41 viewed as it
 was by us through the media of         
prejudiced and satirical opposition1    
seemed to be trivial and absurd4 ,we    
heard frequently of remarkable cures by 
,hahnemann's disciples1 and even        
witnessed the benefits of their         
treatment1 but so perfectly had the     
sharp ridicule of the allopathists      
warped our judgment and moulded our     
feelings1 that we felt a sort of        

humiliation in confessing an advantage  
from an infinitesimal dose4 ,we could   
never forget the keen and brilliant wit 
with which our friend ,holmes1 for      
example1 assailed a system which        
threatened to take away his practice and
 patients1 deprive him of his income1   
and consign his professional erudition  
and ingenious speculation to oblivion4  
,but the work of ,dr4 ,marcy displayed  
these matters to us in an entirely      
different light1 and guarded by walls of
 truths and arguments quite impenetrable
 by the most finely pointed or most     
powerful satire4 ,his well-known        
abilities1 great learning1 and long     
successful experience as an allopathist1
 gave us assurance that his conversion  
to the school of ,hahnemann could have  
been induced only by inherent elements  
of extraordinary force and vitality in  
its principles1 and we looked to him    
confidently1 when we understood that he 
was preparing for the press an          
exhibition and vindication of           

homoeopathy1 for such a work as should  
at least screen the layman who accepted 
its doctrines from the reproach of      
fanatical or credulous weakness4 ,we    
were not disappointed4 ,he has given us 
a simple and powerful appeal to the     
common sense upon the whole subject4 ,in
 language terse1 direct1 and            
perspicuous1 and with such bravery as   
belongs to the consciousness of a       
championship for truth1 he displays     
every branch of his law1 with its       
antagonism1 and leads his readers       
captive to an assenting conclusion4     
,dr4 ,marcy's work is the first by an   
,american on the ,homoeopathic ,theory  
and ,practice of ,medicine2 it is at    
least a very able and attractive piece  
of philosophical speculation2 and to    
those who are still disposed to think   
with little respect of the ,hahnemannic 
peculiarities1 we specially commend1    
before they venture another jest upon   
the subject1 or endure any more needless
 nausea and torture1 or sacrifice       

another constitution or life upon the   
altar of prejudice1 the reading of his  
capital chapters on ,allopathy1         
,homoeopathy1 and the ,attenuation of   
,drugs and ,repetition of ,doses4  ,the 
,london ,leader demands attention to the
 scholarship of the homoeopathic        
physicians1 to their respectability as  
thinkers and as men1 and to the         
character of their writings2 and        
surveying the extraordinary and steady  
advances of the homoeopathic sect1 urges
 that every thing1 which has at any time
 won for itself a broad footing in the  
world1 must have been possessed by some 
spirit of truth4 ,every thoughtful      
person knows that no system stands fast 
in virtue of the errors about it4 ,it is
 the amount of truth it contains1       
however little and overlaid that may be1
 which enables an institution or a      
doctrine to keep its ground4 ,the extent
 and quality of that ground1 taken      
together with the length of time it is  
kept1 constitute a measure of the       

quantity of truth by which a militant   
institute is inspired and sustained4    
,ladies' ,fashions for the ,season4     
,illustration   ,in ,paris and ,london  
the chief novelties have been           
preparations for the ,london season4    
,head-dress is particularly rich1 by no 
means lacking lively colors1 and        
ornamented with gold1 silver1 and beads4
 ,we only speak here of fancy           
head-dress2 for diamonds are always very
 much admired for a rare and recherchee 
parure4 ,never have they been so well   
set as at the present day1 both as      
regards elegance1 lightness1 and        
convenience4 ,thus1 each night a lady   
may change the disposition of her       
brilliants3 to-day she may form them    
into a band1 like a diadem2 to-morrow1 a
 row of pins for the body of her dress2 
another time she can place them on a    
velvet necklace1 and so forth4  ,fancy  
head-dresses are made of lace1 blond1   
silk1 gold1 or silver4 ,flowers of all  
kinds are also worn1 and above all      

foliage of velvet and satin1 deep       
shaded1 enriched with white or gold     
beads1 and gold or silver fruit4 ,we    
have also seen a coiffure of gold blond1
 forming a small point at the top of the
 head1 and ornamented on each side with 
a branch of green foliage and golden    
fruit in little flexible bunches4  ,ball
 dresses have nearly all two skirts1    
which are ornamented with a profusion of
 flounces1 trimmed with ribbons or      
flowers1 which follow the shade of the  
first or upper skirt2 or they are used  
to raise it at the sides1 or on one side
 only4 ,we have also seen a dress of    
white net with two skirts1 the first    
7the under7 trimmed with two net        
flounces at the extremity with two      
gathers through the middle1 and satin   
ribbon4 ,on each of these flounces was a
 trimming of ,brussels application lace1
 with a gather of ribbon at the top1 of 
the same width as those of the          
extremity4 ,the second skirt was trimmed
 at the bottom with two gathers of      

ribbon1 and one lace flounce with a     
ribbon gathering at the top2 the body   
was an intermixture of gathered ribbons 
and lace flounces4  ,capotes will be    
more in vogue than bonnets1 their style 
allowing spangling1 for which bonnets   
are not suited4 ,we have seen capotes of
 taffeta1 and ribbon applied like       
flounces as ornaments to the crown2     
these ribbons are cut into teeth or     
plain1 but with a narrow border of much 
brighter shade4 ,we have also seen very 
pretty capotes covered with net1 made of
 very lively colored taffeta4 ,the tops 
of all these bonnets are widened more   
than they are high2 however1 they are   
drawn near the bottom1 and are quite    
closed4  ,dresses1 it is certain1 will  
be open in front and heart-shaped to the
 bottom of the waist4 ,low              
square-fronted chemisettes suit this    
kind of bodice1 with breast-plates of   
embroidery and lace4 ,at concerts1 many 
dresses are seen either with flounces or
 apron-shaped fronts2 that is to say1   

the front breadth has a much richer     
pattern1 and different from the other   
breadths of the skirt4 ,this pattern is 
generally an immense bouquet1 whose     
branches entwine to the top1 diminishing
 in size2 or there are two large columns
 of stripes1 which form undulating      
wreaths4  ,dresses of white or other    
ground of taffeta warped will be the    
fashion this spring for walking2        
however1 we must wait for ,longchamps1  
at the latter end of ,april1 to decide  
the question4  ,in the illustration on  
the following page is a lace cap1       
trimmed with flowers without foliage2   
,african velvet dress2 body with        
,spanish basks or skirts cut out into   
teeth1 trimmed with a small white lace1 
having at the top a small gathering of  
ribbon2 the body trimmed with lace      
facing1 edged with a gathering of       
ribbon2 black velvet ribbon round the   
neck1 fastened with a diamond buckle2   
bracelets the same4 ,bonnet of pink     
taffeta1 very plain2 and plain dress of 

,valencias1 with festooned teeth4 ,small
 felt bonnet1 with bunch of ribbons2    
,nacaret velvet dress2 trowsers of      
cambric muslin1 with embroideries2      
gaiters of black cloth1 and mousquetaire
 pardessus1 trimmed with gimp or lace1  
put on flat4  ,illustration  ,mantelets 
will certainly enjoy more than their    
usual vogue this season1 and from what  
we have seen of the new forms1 we must  
own they are very superior to any that  
have before appeared2 the novelty of the
 forms1 and the taste displayed in the  
garnitures even of those intended for   
common use1 show that the progress of la
 mode is quite as great as any other    
sort of progress in this most           
progressing age4 ,first1 then1 for the  
mantelets in plain walking dress2 they  
are for the most part composed of black 
taffeta2 several are embroidered in     
sentache1 and bordered with deep        
flounces of taffeta2 others are trimmed 
with fringe of a new and very light     
kind1 and a number1 perhaps indeed the  

majority1 are finished with lace4  ,the 
materials for robes1 in plain morning   
neglige1 are silks of a quiet kind1 and 
some slight woollen materials1 as coutil
 de laine1 balzerine1 striped           
,valencias2 some in very small1 others  
in large stripes2 corded muslins1 and   
jaconet muslins1 flowered in a variety  
of patterns4 ,we cannot yet say any     
thing positively respecting plain white 
muslins for morning dress1 but we have  
reason to believe they will not be much 
adopted4  ,taffeta has resumed all its  
vogue for robes2 it is adopted both for 
public promenade1 half dress1 and       
evening robes4 ,some of the most elegant
 mantelets are of white taffeta4