available by ,cornell ,university ,digital ,collections47 ,,the ,,international ,,monthly ,,magazine ,of ,literature1 ,science1 and ,art4 ,,volume ,,iv ,,august ,,to ,,december1 #ahea4 ,,new-,,york3 ,,stringer ,,townsend1 #bbb ,,broadway4 ,,for ,,sale ,,by ,,all ,,booksellers4 ,,by ,,the ,,number1 #be ,,cts42 ,,the ,,volume1 #a2 ,,the ,,year1 #c4 ,transcriber's note3 ,contents for entire volume #d in this text4 ,however this text contains only issue ,vol4 #d1 ,no4 #a4 ,minor typos have been corrected and footnotes moved to the end of the article4 ,,preface ,,to ,,the ,,fourth ,,volume4 ,the conclusion of the ,fourth ,volume of a periodical may be accepted as a sign of its permanent establishment4 ,the proprietors of the ,,international ,,magazine have the satisfaction of believing that1 while there has been a steady increase of sales1 ever since the publication of the first number of this work1 there has likewise been as regular an augmentation of its interest1 value1 and adaptation to the wants of the reading portion of our community4 ,while essentially an ,eclectic1 relying very much for success on a reproduction of judiciously selected and fairly acknowledged ,foreign ,literature1 it has contained from month to month such an amount of ,new ,articles as justified its claim to consideration as an ,original ,miscellany4 ,and in choosing from ,european publications1 articles to reprint or to translate for these pages1 care has been taken not only to avoid that vein of licentiousness in morals1 and skepticism in religion1 which in so lamentable a degree characterize a large portion of the popular literature of this age1 but also to extract from foreign periodicals that ,american element with which the rising importance of our country has caused so many of them to be infused2 so that1 notwithstanding the fact that more than half the contents of the ,,international are from the minds of ,europeans1 the ,magazine is essentially more ,american than any other now published4 ,for the future1 the publishers have made arrangements that will insure very decided and desirable improvements1 which will be more fully disclosed in the first number of the ensuing volume2 eminent original writers will be added to our list of contributors2 from ,germany1 ,france1 and ,great ,britain1 we have increased our literary resources2 and more attention will be given to the pictorial illustration of such subjects as may be advantageously treated in engravings4 ,among those authors whose contributions have appeared in the ,,international hitherto1 we may mention3 ,,miss ,,fenimore ,,cooper1 ,,miss ,,alice ,,carey1 ,,mrs4 ,e4 ,,oakes ,,smith1 ,,mrs4 ,m4 ,e4 ,,hewitt1 ,,mrs4 ,,alice ,b4 ,,neal1 ,,bishop ,,spencer1 ,,henry ,,austin ,,layard1 ,,parke ,,godwin1 ,,john ,r4 ,,thompson1 ,w4 ,c4 ,,richards1 ,w4 ,,gilmore ,,simms1 ,,bayard ,,taylor1 ,,robert ,,henry ,,stoddard1 ,,alfred ,b4 ,,street1 ,,thomas ,,ewbank1 ,e4 ,w4 ,,ellsworth1 ,g4 ,p4 ,r4 ,,james1 ,,dr4 ,,john ,w4 ,,francis1 ,,maunsell ,b4 ,,field1 ,,dr4 ,,starbuck ,,mayo1 ,,john ,e4 ,,warren1 ,a4 ,,oakey ,,hall1 ,,horace ,,greeley1 ,,richard ,b4 ,,kimball1 ,,the ,,author ,,of ,,nile ,,notes1 ,,the ,,author ,,of ,,harry ,,franco4 ,,rev4 ,j4 ,c4 ,,richmond1 ,,rev4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,parker1 ,,james ,t4 ,,fields1 ,r4 ,s4 ,,chilton4 ,the foreign writers1 from whom we have selected1 need not be enumerated2 they embrace the principal living masters of literary art2 and we shall continue to avail ourselves of their new productions as largely as justice to them and the advantage and pleasure of our readers may seem to justify4 ,,new-,,york1 ,december #a1 #ahea4 ,,contents3 ,,volume ,,iv4 ,,august ,,to ,,december1 #ahea4 ,alred4--,by ,elmina ,w4 ,carey1 #bg ,alexander1 ,last days of the ,emperor4--,a4 ,dumas1 #bcc ,america1 as ,abused by a ,german1 #ddh ,american ,intercommunication1 #dfa ,american ,literature1 ,studies of4--,philarete ,chasles1 #afc ,american and ,european ,scenery ,compared4--,by the late ,j4 ,f4 ,cooper1 #fbe ,anacreon4 ,twentieth ,ode of4--,by ,mary ,e4 ,hewitt1 #bj ,animal ,magnetism4 ,christopher ,north on1 #bg ,ariadne4--,by ,william ,c4 ,bennett1 #cae ,autumn ,ballad1 ,an4--,by ,w4 ,a4 ,sutliffe1 #eih ,august ,reverie4--,by ,a4 ,oakey ,hall1 #dgg ,art ,expression4 #dja ,arts among the ,aztecs and ,indians4--,by ,thomas ,ewbank4 7,ten ,engravings47 #cjg ,arts1 the ,fine4--,monuments to ,public ,men in ,europe and ,america1 #acj4--,mosaics for the ,emperor of ,russia1 #acj4--,tenarani1 the ,italian ,sculptor1 #aca4--;,group by ,herr ,kiss1 #aca4--;,english and ,american ,portrait ,painters1 #aca--,mr4 ,pyne's ,english ,landscapes1 #aca4--,paintings by ,british ,officers in ,canada1 #aca4--,ovation to ,rauch at ,berlin1 #aca4--;,healy's ,picture of ,webster's ,reply to ,hayne1 #aca4--,newly-discovered ,raphael1 #aca4--;,daguerreotypes1 #aca4--,letter from ,hiram ,powers1 #bgi4--,monument to ,wordsworth1 #bgi4--,monument to ,weber1 #bgi4--,works of ,cornelius1 #bgi4--;,greenonga's ,group for the ,capital1 #bgi4--,the ,twelve ,virgins of ,raphael1 #bgi4--,tributes by ,greece to her ,benefactors1 #bgi4--,paul ,delaroche1 #dag4--,winterhalter1 #dag4--,new ,scriptures in the ,crystal ,palace1 #dag4--,london ,art-,union1 #dag4--;,american ,art-,union4 #dag4--,powers's ,eve1 #dag4--,leutze1 #dag4--,the ,london ,art-,journal on the ,engravings of the ,american ,art-,union4 #efa4--,the ,philadelphia ,art-,union1 #efa4--,the ,western ,art-,union1 #efb4--,mr4 ,healy's ,picture of ,webster's ,reply to ,hayne1 #efb4--,mr4 ,lentze's ,washington ,crossing the ,delaware1 #efb--;,illustrations of ,martin ,luther1 #efb4--,lentze's ,washington4 #gdc4--;,colossal ,statue of ,washington at ,munich1 #gjc4--,kaulbach's ,frescoes1 #gjc4--;,cadame's ,compositions of the ,seasons1 #gjc4--,portraits of ,bishop ,white and ,daniel ,webster1 #gjc4 ,authors and ,books4--,the ,story of ,talns1 and the ,sardonic ,laughter1 by ,merehlen1 #abb4--;,a ,german ,treatise on ,free ,trade1 #abb4--;,curious ,medical ,works in ,germany1 #abb4--,weiseler on the ,theatre1 #abb4--,woodcuts of celebrated ,masters1 #abc4--,recent ,german ,poetry1 #abc4--,venedy's ,schleswig-,holstein in #ahej1 #abc4--,souvenirs of ,early ,germans1 #abc4--;,gutzkow1 ,reimer1 and ,gubitz4 #abc4--,mundi's ,macchiavelli and the ,course of ,european ,policy1 #abc4--,new ,german ,novels1 #abd4--;,baner's ,documents respecting the ,monastery of ,arnsburg1 #aba4--,mss4 of ,peter ,schlemil1 #abd4--,professor ,o4 ,l4 ,b4 ,wohl's ,poetic and ,prosaic ,home ,treasury1 #abd4--;,german opinion of ,miss ,weber1 #abd4--,professor ,zahn at ,pompeii1 #abd4--;,barthohl's ,history of ,german ,cities1 #abd4--;,cornell on ,feurebach1 #abe4--,new ,book of the ,planets by ,ernst1 #abe4--,waldmeister's ,bridal ,tour1 #abe4--;,german version of ,george ,copyway's ,book1 #abe4--;,german ,survey of ,american ,institutions1 #abe4--,russian ,literature1 #abe4--;,jewish ,professors in ,austria1 #abe4--;,dumas's new ,works1 #abe4--,madame ,reybaud1 #abe4--,new ,volume of ,thier's ,history of the ,empire1 #abe4--,mignet's ,life of ,mary ,queen of ,scots1 #abf4--;,cormenin on the ,revision of the ,constitution1 #abf4--,literary ,episodes in the ,east1 by ,marcellus1 #abf4--,victor ,hugo4 #abf4--,madame ,bocarme1 #abf4--,signatures to ,articles in the ,french ,journals1 #abf4--;,arago's loss of sight1 #abf4--;,george ,sand to ,dumas1 #abg4--,vacherot on the ,philosophical ,school of ,alexandria1 #abg4--,mss4 of ,rousseau1 #abg4--,unpublished works of ,balzac1 #abg4--,m4 ,nisard1 #abg4--,m4 ,gautier1 #abg4--;,guizot's ,history of ,representative ,government1 #abg4--,mademoiselle de ,belle ,isle1 #abg4--,rev4 ,t4 ,w4 ,shelton1 in ,sharpe's ,magazine1 #abg4--,rev4 ,charles ,kingsley1 author of ,alton ,locke1 #abg4--;,bowring's ,translation of ,schiller1 #abh4--,new ,english ,poems1 #abh4--,new ,novel by ,warren1 #abh4--;,judge ,woodbury's ,works1 #abh4--,the ,north ,american ,review1 #abh--,life of ,judge ,story1 #abc4--;,contributions to the ,history of the ,west1 by ,lyman ,c4 ,draper1 #abi4--,the ,dublin ,university ,magazine on ,streets ,frontenac1 #abi4--,mrs4 ,southworth in ,england4 #abi4--,return of ,mrs4 ,mowatt1 #abi4--,miss ,beecher's new ,work on the ,writings of ,women1 #abi4--,ludwig ,feuerback1 #bfh4--;,august ,kopish on the ,monument to ,frederic the ,great1 #bfi4--,the ,janus ,review1 #bfi4--;,franz ,kugler on the ,theatre1 #bfi4--,von ,muller's ,history of the ,swiss ,confederation1 #bfi4--,memoir of ,bretschneider1 #bfi4--;,dr4 ,worth1 #bfi4--;,herr ,christern's ,book ,store1 #bfi4--;,german ,periodicals1 #bgj4--,the ,hungarian ,refugees in ,turkey1 #bgj4--,the ,youth of ,thorwaldsen1 #bgj4--,old and ,new ,songs and ,fables for ,children1 #bgj4--;,convention of ,sclavic ,scholars1 #bgj4--;,german ,translation of ,milton's ,areopagitica1 #bgj4--;,eccentricities of ,german ,medical ,literature1 #bga4--;,german ,poems1 #bga4--,shakspeare in ,sweden1 #bga4--,neander's ,lectures1 #bga4--;,george ,sand and her ,husband1 #bga4--,new work by ,comte1 #bga4--,lamartine's ,new ,history1 #bga4--,michelet's ,legendes de la ,democratie1 #bgb4--;,guizot's ,history of ,representative ,government1 #bgb4--,prudhon's ,idea of ,revolution1 #bgb4--,miss ,martineau and her ,master1 #bgb4--,rumored ,discoveries of ,greek ,,mss1 #bgb4--;,bunsen on the supposed ,,ms4 of ,origen1 #bgb4--,new ,english ,poems1 #bgb4--;,herodotus and the ,discoveries of ,nineveh1 #bgc4--,sir ,james ,stephen's ,history of ,france1 #bgc4--;,j4 ,s4 ,buckingham1 #bgc4--,mrs4 ,jamieson1 #bgc4--,new ,books of ,travels1 #bgc4--;,dr4 ,wilkinson and ,henry ,james1 #bgc4--,new ,novels1 #bgc4--,new ,books on the ,apocalypse1 #bgd4--;,finchman on ,ship ,building1 #bgd4--,the ,grenville ,papers1 #bgd4--,sir ,w4 ,parish on ,buenos ,ayres1 #bgd4--,works of ,bishop ,whately1 #bgd4--,macaulay's ,new ,volumes1 #bgd4--,poems of ,edith ,may1 #bgd4--,ware's ,european ,capitals1 #bgd4--,new ,romance by ,thomas ,h4 ,shreve1 #bgd4--,more about ,american ,reviews1 #bge4--,poem on ,woman1 by ,j4 ,w4 ,ward1 #bge4--,novellettes of ,musicians1 #bge4--;,dr4 ,huntington's ,alban1 #bgf4--,simms's ,poetical ,works1 #bgf4--;,dr4 ,tyng and ,bickersteth1 #bgf4--,mr4 ,putnam's forthcoming ,souvenir ,books1 #bgf4--,kitto's ,biblical ,cyclopedia1 #bgf4--;,episodes of ,insect ,life1 #bgf4--;,history of ,oneida ,county1 #bgf4--,mrs4 ,nichols's ,poem's1 #bgf4--,new ,translations of the ,bible1 #bgg4--,sale of ,dr4 ,jarvis's ,library1 #bgg4--;,ik ,marvell's ,new ,work1 #bgg4--,mr4 ,longfellow's ,new ,poem1 #bgg4--;,books on the ,mechanic ,arts1 #bgh4--;,dr4 ,wainwright's ,work on ,egypt1 #bgh4--,mr4 ,jefferson's ,,mss4 ,work on ,grammar1 #bgh4--;,dr4 ,williams on the ,lord's ,prayer1 #bgh4--,works of ,john ,adams1 #bgh4--,publications of ,james ,munroe1 #bgh4--;,german ,magazines1 #djc4--;,german ,poets1 #djc1 #dje4--;,freilegrath1 #djc4--,new edition of ,brockhaus' ,lexicon1 #djc4--;,german ,view of ,lamartine1 #djc4--,prutz in a ,novel1 #djc4--,stahl on ,paris1 #djd4--,kohler on ,ancient ,cameos1 c41 #djd4--;,children's ,picture ,books1 #djd4--,latin ,life of ,zumpt1 #djd4--,new work by ,robert ,remak1 #dje4--,the ,german ,element in ,english ,language1 #dje4--;,count ,blumberg on the ,higher ,classes1 #dje4--;,auerbach's ,german ,evenings1 #dje4--;,gailhabaud's ,monuments of ,architecture1 #dje4--;,a ,life ,spent in ,studying ,thrushes1 #dje4--;,gust's ,bibliotheca ,biographia ,lutherana1 #dje4--,new work on ,monarchy1 #dje4--,new ,german ,works on the ,middle ,ages1 #djf4--,konig and ,gelzer on ,luther1 #djf4--,the ,bible and the ,almanac1 #djf4--;,austrian ,biographical ,dictionary1 #djf4--,new ,book by ,hans ,andersen1 #djf--,zeise1 the ,danish ,novelist1 #djg4--,poems of ,tegner1 #djg4--;,bohemian ,songs1 #djg4--;,italian ,histories of ,to-day1 #djg4--;,bible ,plays by ,wiese1 #djh4--;,colins on ,socialism1 #djh4--,memoirs by ,captain ,laconte1 #djh4--,villemarque's ,breton ,poems1 #djh4--,perrymond vs4 ,thiers1 #djh4--,the ,french ,orators1 #djh4--;,histories of the ,reformation in ,france1 #djh4--,m4 ,guizot1 #dji4--;,jules ,janin1 #dji4--,montbeillard on ,spinoza1 #dji4--,punishment of a ,socialist ,dramatist1 #dji4--,marriage of ,bon ,gaultier1 #dji4--,visits to ,de ,quincy and ,burns's ,sister1 #daj4--,the ,baroness ,von ,beck1 #daj4--,thackeray's ,new ,novel1 #daj4--,literary ,pensions in ,england1 #daj4--,tributes to ,james ,montgomery1 #daj4--,new editor of the ,westminster ,review1 #daj4--,new ,lives of ,mary1 ,queen of ,scots1 #daa4--,publications of ,moore ,co41 of ,cincinnati1 #daa4--,rivers of the ,bible1 #daa4--,mexican ,documents collected by the ,abbe ,bourbourg1 #dab4--,mr4 ,schoolcraft and the ,publishers1 #dab4--,mr4 ,simms's ,new ,tragedy1 #dab4--;,dr4 ,albro's ,life of ,shepherd1 the ,puritan1 #dab4--,new ,edition of ,fielding1 #dac4--,theory of ,human ,progression1 #dac4--,the ,nile ,boat1 #dac4--,kitto's ,bible ,illustrations1 #dac4--,poore's ,life of ,napoleon1 #dac4--;,indications of the ,creator1 by ,george ,taylor1 #dac4--,parkman's ,history of ,pontiac1 #dac4--;,de ,quiney's ,works1 #dac4--,mrs4 ,judson1 #dac4--;,hart's ,female ,prose ,writers of ,america1 #dad4--,mrs4 ,lee's ,memoirs of ,buckminster1 #dae4--,rochefoucauld1 #dae4--;,dr4 ,huntington and his ,novels1 ,letters1 and ,life1 #dae4--,new ,works in ,press by the ,harpers1 #dae4--;,by ,redfield1 do41 #daf4--,new ,work by ,dr4 ,boardman1 #daf4--;,carl ,immerman's ,letters on the ,theatre1 #eea4--,kohl's last book of ,travels1 #eea4--,l',eco d',italia1 #eea4--,narcissa ,zwichowska1 #eea4--;,baron ,baerst on ,cooking1 #eea4--;,brinckle's-,butterfly ,book1 #eeb4--,stein's ,history of the ,social ,movement in ,france1 #eeb4--;,dr4 ,schleiden's ,work on ,animalculae1 #eeb4--;,history of ,education1 by ,kranse1 #eeb4--;,handbook of ,catholic ,pulpit ,eloquence1 #eeb4--,popular ,songs of ,southern ,russia1 #eeb4--;,hogarth's ,works in ,germany1 #eeb4--;,dr4 ,andree's ,work on ,america1 #eec4--,studies of ,german ,lore1 #eec4--;,hase's ,new ,prophets1 #eec4--,wanderings in ,slavonia1 #eec4--;,a reply to the ,countess ,hahn-,hahn's last book1 #eed4--;,a ,review of ,lamartine's ,parasite ,history1 #eed4--;,humboldt's ,kosmos1 #eed4--;,history of ,polish ,literature1 #eed4--,russian ,archaeology1 #eed4--,siegfried ,weiss on ,german ,trade ,policy1 #eed4--,periodicals in ,asia1 #eed4--;,german ,translation of ,hawthorne1 #eed4--,the ,german ,universities1 #eee4--,new ,german ,poems1 #eee4--,literary ,statistics of ,poland1 #eee4--,work on ,russia by ,tegoborski1 #eee4--,ritter's ,history of ,philosophy1 #eee4--;,de ,flotte on the ,sovereignty of the ,people1 #eee4--,nineveh1 #eee4--,new ,series of ,eugene ,sue's ,mysteries of the ,people1 #eef4--,second ,part of ,michelet's ,history of the ,french ,revolution1 #eef4--;,julian's ,history of ,porcelain ,manufacture1 #eef4--;,felix de ,verneihl on the ,cologne ,cathedral1 #eef4--;,andre ,cochat on ,french ,workingmen's ,associations1 #eef4--,new edition of ,george ,sand's ,works1 #eef4--,letter from ,alexander ,dumas1 #eef4--;,alfred de ,musset1 #eeg4--,translations of ,comte's ,philosophy1 #eeg4--;,jules ,janin's new ,romance1 #eeg4--;,ferdinand ,hiller1 #eeg4--;,james ,t4 ,fields1 #eeg4--,new ,histories of the ,mexican ,war1 #eeg4--;,horace ,mann on the ,sphere of ,woman1 #eeg4--;,general ,morris not guilty of ,plagiarism1 #eeh4--,torrey's ,translation of ,neander1 #eeh4--,translations of ,dante1 #eei4--;,alice ,carey's ,recollections of ,our ,neighborhood in the ,west1 #eei4--,modern ,miracles1 by ,henry ,ingalls1 #eei4--,new ,novel by ,mr4 ,james and ,mr4 ,field1 #eei4--;,history of the ,german ,reformed ,church1 #eei4--,professor ,hackett's ,commentary on the ,acts1 #eei4--,the ,whale1 by ,herman ,melville1 #eei4--,mr4 ,herbert's work on ,ancient ,battles1 c41 #efj4--;,glances at ,europe1 by ,h4 ,greeley1 #efj4--;,hungary and ,kossuth1 #efj4--,richard ,b4 ,kimball1 #efj4--,mr4 ,judd's ,margaret1 #efj4--,pendant to ,professor ,creasy's ,decisive ,battles of the ,world1 #fic4--;,correspondence respecting the ,thirty ,years' ,war1 #fic4--;,german collection of ,english ,songs1 #fic4--;,german ,philologists1 #fic4--,weil's ,history of the ,califs1 #fic4--,the ,germans in ,bohemia1 #fic4--;,andree's ,work on ,america1 #fid4--,works on ,spinoza1 #fid4--,new ,goethean ,literature1 #fid4--,the ,british ,empire in ,europe1 by ,meidinger1 #fid4--,the ,play of the ,resurrection1 #fid4--;,german ,history of ,french ,literature1 #fid4--,new work on ,german ,knighthood1 c41 #fid4--;,german ,romanee in the #ahth ,century1 #fie4--,madame ,blaze de ,bury's ,new ,novel1 #fie4--,richter's ,history of the ,evangelical ,german ,churches1 #fie4--;,german ,life of ,sir ,robert ,peel1 #fie4--,zimmermann on the ,english ,revolution1 #fie4--;,history of ,norway1 #fie4--,reguly1 the ,hungarian ,traveller1 #fie4--,political ,notabililities of ,hungary1 #fie4--,speeches1 c41 by ,king ,william of ,prussia1 #fie4--,pictures from the ,north1 #fie4--;,history of the ,swiss ,confederation1 #fie4--;,bem's ,system of ,chronology1 by ,miss ,peabody1 #fie4--;,french ,almanacs1 #fie4--,m4 ,croce-,spinelli's ,work on ,popular ,government1 #fif4--,works by the ,paris ,asiatic ,society1 #fif4--;,caesar ,daly on ,parisian ,architecture1 #fif4--;,fignier's ,modern ,discoveries1 #fif4--,the ,annuaire des ,deux ,mondes1 #fif4--;,calvin's ,inedited ,letters1 #fig4--,lacretelle1 #fig4--;,critical ,studies of ,socialism1 #fig4--,memoirs of ,mademoiselle ,mars1 #fig4--,the ,institute of ,france1 #fig4--;,grille on the ,war in ,la ,vendee1 #fig4--;,history of the ,bourgeoisie of ,paris1 #fig4--;,archives des ,missions ,scientifiques1 c41 #fig4--,travels in ,africa1 #fih4--,spirit of ,new ,roman ,catholic ,literature1 #fih4--;,garcin de ,tassy on ,mr4 ,salisbury's ,unpublished ,arabic ,documents1 #fii4--,new ,travels in ,palestine1 #fih4--,the ,abaddie ,travellers1 #fii4--;,french1 ,english1 and ,american ,missionaries1 as ,scholars1 #fii4--,the ,westminster ,review1 #fii4--;,a ,grandson of ,robert ,burns1 #fii4--;,friends in ,council1 c41 by ,mr4 ,helps1 #fii4--,new ,english ,announcements1 #gjj4--,new ,dissenters' ,college1 #gjj4--,sir ,charles ,lyell and the ,free ,thinkers1 #gjj4--,prof4 ,wilson1 #gjj4--,miss ,kirkland's ,evening ,book1 #gjj4--,works by ,mrs4 ,lee1 #gja4--,mr4 ,boyd's edition of ,young's ,night ,thoughts1 #gjb4--;,injustice to the ,south1 #gjb4--,splendid ,american ,gift ,books for #aheb1 #gjc4--,new ,american ,works in ,press1 #gjc1 c4 ,british ,humorists4--,by ,w4 ,m4 ,thackeray1 #bd ,boker1 ,george ,,ii4--,by ,bayard ,taylor4 7,portrait47 #aef ,bohemian ,glass4 7,six ,engravings47 #bia ,ballad of ,sir ,john ,franklin4--,by ,george ,h4 ,boker1 #dgc ,bryant1 and his ,works1 ,william ,cullen4 7,portrait47 #ehh ,bull ,fight at ,ronda1 #fha ,calvin ,colton1 ,rev41 and his ,works4 7,portrait47 #a ,castle of ,belvor3 ,an ,incident in the ,life of ,arago1 #da ,count ,monte-,leone4 7,concluded71 #db1 #bjb1 #cbg1 #ejj ,china1 ,our ,phantom ,ship1 #fg ,chest of ,drawers4--,by an ,attorney1 #gc ,cicada1 ,the4--,by ,h4 ,j4 ,crate1 #afd ,charlemagne1 ,times of4--,by ,sir ,francis ,palgrave1 #afi ,calhoun1 ,private ,life of ,john ,c4--,by ,miss ,m4 ,bates1 #agc ,copenhagen1 #bch ,cooper1 ,j4 ,f41 ,portrait and ,view of his ,residence1 ,frontispiece4 ,cooke1 ,sketch of ,philip ,pendleton4 7,portrait47 #cjj ,chamois ,hunting1 #cdd ,cleopatra's ,needle1 #cfg ,cheap ,postage ,system1 #cgj ,country ,gentleman at ,home4--,by ,c4 ,a4 ,bristed1 #chi ,cooper1 ,reminiscences of ,j4 ,fenimore4--,by ,dr4 ,francis1 #deh ,cooper1 ,public ,honors to the ,memory of ,mr41 #def ,chimes1 ,the4--,by ,e4 ,w4 ,ellsworth1 #dhg ,carlyle's ,life of ,john ,sterling1 #eii ,calcutta3 ,social1 ,industrial1 ,political1 #faa ,captain and the ,negro1 ,the1 #fdf ,crebillon1 the ,french ,a,eschylus1 #ebj ,dramatic ,fragments4--,by ,r4 ,h4 ,stoddard1 #ag ,decorative ,arts in ,america1 #aga ,deserted ,mansion1 #bbg ,dirge for an ,infant--,by ,r4 ,s4 ,chilton1 #dhg ,death in ,youth4--,by ,h4 ,w4 ,parker1 #eih ,dutch ,governors of ,niew ,amsterdam4--,by ,j4 ,r4 ,brodhead1 #eig ,drinking ,experiences3 ,a ,temperance ,lecture by ,nimrod1 #fba ,deaths1 ,recent4--,general ,arbuckle1 #aci4--,mrs4 ,thomas ,sheridan1 #aci4--;,bishop ,carlson1 #aci4--,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,dalzell1 #aci4--;,chevalier ,parisot de ,guyrmont1 #aci4--;,general ,james ,miller1 #adj4--;,general ,uminski1 #adj4--,viscount ,melville1 #adj4--,mr4 ,dyce ,sombre1 #adj4--;,bishop ,medrano1 #adj4--,the ,earl of ,shaftesbury1 #ada4--,mr4 ,thomas ,wright ,hill1 #adb4--,melchior ,boisseree1 #adb4--;,christian ,tieck1 the ,sculptor1 #adb4--,rev4 ,stephen ,olin1 ,d4,d41 #bhb4--;,baron de ,leideni1 #bhb4--;,edward ,quillinan1 #bhb4--;,harriet ,lee1 #bhb4--;,dr4 ,julius1 #bhb4--,rev4 ,azariah ,smith1 #bhb4--;,general ,henry ,a4 ,s4 ,dearborn1 #bhc4--;,d4 ,m4 ,mon1 #bbh1 #bhc4--;,general ,sir ,roger ,sheafe1 #bhc4--,m4 ,daguerre1 7,portrait71 #bhc4--,rev4 ,dr4 ,lingard1 7,portrait71 #bhe4--,marshal ,sebastian1 #bhg4--;,j4 ,fenimore ,cooper1 #dbh4--,rev4 ,t4 ,h4 ,gallaudet1 #dbh4--;,judge ,beverly ,tucker1 #dbh4--,levi ,woodbury1 #dbi4--;,general ,mc,clure1 #dbi4--,lorenz ,ocken1 #dbi4--;,count ,killmansegge1 #dcj4--;,h4 ,e4 ,g4 ,paulus1 #dcj4--;,joseph ,rusiecki1 #dcj4--;,john ,gottfried ,gruber1 #dcj4--,the ,earl of ,clare1 #dca4--,sir ,henry ,jardine1 #dca4--,mrs4 ,sherwood1 #egb4--,rev4 ,james ,h4 ,hotchkiss1 #egb4--;,general ,henry ,whitney1 #egb4--;,commodore ,warrington1 #egb4--,professor ,kidd1 #egc4--,the ,earl of ,donoughmore1 #egc4--,william ,nicol1 #egd4--,mr4 ,freeman1 the ,missionary1 #egd4--;,james ,richardson1 #egd4--,william ,willshire1 #egd4--;,j4 ,r4 ,dubois1 #ege4--;,gustav ,carlin1 #ege4--;,archibald ,alexander1 ,d4 ,d41 #gje4--;,j4 ,kearney ,rogers1 ,m4,d41 #gje4--,rev4 ,wm4 ,croswell1 ,d4,d41 #gjf4--;,granville ,sharpe ,pattison1 ,m4,d41 #gjf4--,mr4 ,stephens1 author of ,the ,manuscripts of ,erdeley1 #gjf4--,mr4 ,gutzlaff1 the ,missionary1 #gjg4--;,don ,manuel ,godoy1 the ,prince of the ,peace1 #gjh4--;,george ,baker1 #gjh4--,m4 de ,savigny1 #gjh4--;,archbishop ,wingard1 #gjh4--,samuel ,beaseley1 author of ,the ,roue1 #gjh4--;,h4 ,p4 ,borrell1 #gjh4--;,james ,tyler1 ,r4 ,d41 #gjh4--;,emma ,martin1 #gji4--,yar ,mohammed1 #gji4--;,alexander ,lee1 #gaj4--,prince ,frederick of ,prussia1 #gaj4 ,exile's ,sunset ,song4--,by ,john ,r4 ,thompson1 #bf ,egypt1 ,the last ,joseph in1 #ahe ,english in ,america4--,by the author of ,sam ,slick1 #ahf ,egypt under ,abbas ,pasha1--,by ,bayle ,st4 ,john1 #bei ,earthquake in ,europe1 ,the ,last1 #dfg ,fleischmann1 ,herr1 on ,life in ,america1 #aeh ,fallen ,genius4--,by ,miss ,alice ,carey1 #bhh ,flying ,artist1 #cih ,franklin1 ,inedited ,letter of ,dr41 #dgb ,fragments from a ,new ,volume of ,poems4--,by ,thomas ,l4 ,beddoes1 #eej ,french ,flower ,girl1 ,the1 #fda ,fragments of a ,poem4--,by ,h4 ,w4 ,parker1 #ahi ,great ,fair at ,rochester4 7,fifteen ,engravings47 #dch ,gold-,quartz and ,society in ,california1 #dgb ,greenwood4--,by ,maunsell ,b4 ,field1 #dgf ,ghost ,story of ,normandy1 #eab ,gerard1 and the ,baron ,munchausen1 in ,africa1 ,m4 ,jules1 #ehg ,german ,handbook of ,america1 #eih ,gondolettas3 ,two ,songs4--,by ,alice ,b4 ,neal1 #eig ,hahn-,hahn1 ,the ,countess ,ida1 #ag ,history of a ,rose1 #aag ,huntington1 ,dr41 on ,copyright1 #cjh ,heroines of ,history3 ,laura4--,by ,mary ,e4 ,hewitt1 #dhj ,habits of ,frederick the ,great1 #ebh ,herman ,melville's ,new ,novel of ,the ,whale1 #fjb ,historical ,review of the ,month4--,the ,united ,states3 ,elections1 c41 #efg4--;,foreign ,relations1 #efg4--,mexico1 #efh4--,south ,american ,states1 #efh4--;,great ,britain1 #efh4--;,france1 ,italy1 ,russia1 c41 #efi4--,the ,east1 c41 #efi4--,the ,american ,elections1 #gjd4--,kossuth in ,england1 #gjd4--;,europe1 and the ,east1 #gjd4 ,imaginary ,conversations at ,warsaw4--,by ,walter ,savage ,landor1 #ih ,in the ,harem4--,by ,r4 ,h4 ,stoddard1 #afd ,illustrations of ,motives1 #bhj ,international ,copyright1 #chf ,jules ,janin and the ,paris ,feuilletonistes1 #ah ,jungle ,recollection4--,by ,captain ,hardbargain1 #aaj ,jews in ,china1 #bfd ,jefferson1 ,mr41 on the ,study of the ,anglo-,saxon ,language1 #dfh ,landscapes1 ,swedish4--,by ,hans ,christian ,andersen1 #bj ,london1 ,paris1 and ,new-,york1 #ajj ,ladies' ,fashions4 7,illustrated47 #adb1 #bhh1 #dca1 #ege1 #gaj ,latham1 on the ,people of the ,mosketo ,kingdom1 #dga ,my ,novel3 or1 ,varieties in ,english ,life4--,by ,sir ,e4 ,bulwer ,lytton1 #hj1 #bdc1 #cga1 #ecd1 #fhh ,moir1 ,david ,macbeth4--,by ,george ,gilfillan1 #bcc ,music4--,by ,h4 ,w4 ,parker1 #cbg ,meeting of the ,vegetarians1 #djb ,newspaper ,poets3 ,charles ,weldon1 #bja ,nauvoo and ,deseret3 ,the ,mormons4 7,six ,engravings47 #egg ,noctes ,amicitiae4--,english ,opinions of the ,american ,department in the ,crystal ,palace1 #efc4--,ridiculous ,convention of ,women1 at ,worcester1 #efc4--;,bloomerism in ,london1 #efc4--;,defenders of the ,catholic ,practices1 #efc4--;,anecdote of ,tom ,cook1 #efc4--;,capital ,anecdote of ,charles ,,xii1 #efd4--;,a ,superfluous ,amount of ,name1 #efd4--;,g4 ,p4 ,r4 ,james in the ,law ,courts1 #efd4--,nursery ,rhymes1 #efd4--,the ,london ,printers1 #efd4--,the ,japanese and ,french ,civilization1 #efe4--;,extraordinary ,suicides in ,paris1 #efe1 c4 ,october4--,by ,alice ,carey1 #cga ,obelisks of ,egypt1 #dfi ,old ,man's ,death1 ,the4--,by ,alice ,carey1 #ebi ,ottoman ,history1 ,the ,three ,eras of1 #fdc ,parodies1 ,a ,chapter of1 #bc ,passages in the ,life of a ,dutch ,poet1 #fe ,phantasy1 ,a4--,by ,r4 ,h4 ,stoddard1 #afi ,paris1 ,reminiscences of1 from #ahag to #ahea1 #ahb ,poulailler1 the ,robber1 #baf ,questions from a worn-out ,lorgnette4--,by ,o4 ,a4 ,hall1 #ahg ,reminiscence1 ,a4--,by ,alice ,carey1 #cfj ,remarkable ,prophecy1 #dgd ,revolutions in ,russia4--,by ,alexander ,dumas1 #faf ,story ,without ,a ,name4--,by ,g4 ,p4 ,r4 ,james1 ,esq41 7,concluded71 #bh1 #ahi1 #caf1 #dhg1 #fjd ,stuart of ,dunleath1 #aai ,sailors1 ,institutions for1 in ,new-,york4 7,six ,engravings47 #ade ,scenes in the ,old ,dominion 7,six ,engravings47 #aea ,styles of ,philosophies4--,by ,rev4 ,j4 ,r4 ,morell1 #ahj ,shadow of ,lucy ,hutchinson1 #bci ,saxe1 ,john ,g41 and his ,satires4 7,portrait47 #bhi ,sandwich ,islands ,to-,day4 7,two ,engravings47 #bih ,shadow of ,margery ,paston1 #cfc ,saint ,escarpacio's ,bones4--,from the ,french1 #dhc ,sonnets3 ,truth--,the ,future1 #dii ,sliding ,scales of ,despair1 #eib ,songs of the ,cascade4--,by ,a4 ,oakey ,hall1 #fjb ,spendthrift's ,daughter3 ,in ,six ,chapters1 ,the1 #ffd ,scientific ,discoveries and ,proceedings of ,learned ,societies4--,the ,british ,association1 #acg4--;,asiatic ,society1 #acg4--,paris ,geographical ,society1 #acg4--,royal ,society of ,literature1 #acg4--,paris ,academy of ,sciences1 #ach4--,london ,royal ,institution1 #ach4--;,berlin ,academy of ,sciences1 #ach4--;,improvements in ,photographs1 #ach4--;,colonel ,rawlinson on the last ,discoveries of ,nineveh and ,babylon1 #dbf4--,new attempts to discover ,perpetual ,motion1 #dbf4--;,document respecting the discovery of ,steam ,navigation at ,venice1 #dbg4--;,english ,athletes1 compared with ,greek ,statues1 #dbg4--;,discoveries at ,memphis1 #dbg4--,scientific ,conventions1 #dbg4--,the ,russian ,academy1 #ega4--,scientific ,congress in ,france1 #ega4--,paris ,academy of ,sciences1 #ega4--;,ethnological ,society1 #ega4 ,trot on the ,island4--,by ,c4 ,astor ,bristed1 #ed ,to the ,author of ,eothen4--,by ,barry ,cornwall1 #cae ,the ,king and the ,outlaw4--,by an ,old ,contributor1 #dhb ,verses4--,by ,r4 ,h4 ,stoddard1 #bb ,visit to the ,maid of ,athens1 #aaf ,visit to the late ,dr4 ,lingard4--,by ,rev4 ,j4 ,c4 ,richmond1 #agb ,veneer1 ,fraser's ,magazine on ,english1 #cjf ,visit to the ,aberdeen ,comb-,works1 #hef ,vagaries of the ,imagination1 #fch ,veiled ,picture3 ,a ,traveller's ,story1 ,the1 #fdh ,watering ,places1 ,a ,glance at the4 7,fifteen ,engravings47 #d ,webster1 ,noah1 ,,ll4 ,d4 7,portrait and birthplace47 #ab ,waterloo1 ,tricks on ,travellers at1 #afd ,wives of ,southey1 ,coleridge1 and ,lovell1 #bda ,wallace1 ,william ,ross4 7,portrait47 #ddd ,windsor ,castle and its ,associations4 7,two ,engravings47 #ehe ,,the ,,international ,,magazine ,of ,literature1 ,art1 and ,science4 ,vol4 ,,iv4 ,,new-,,york1 ,,august #a1 #ahea4 ,no4 ,i4 ,,rev4 ,,calvin ,,colton4 ,illustration ,mr4 ,colton is a man of very decided abilities1 voluminous and various in their manifestation1 and assiduously cultivated during a long life1 in which he has never failed of the curiosity1 ambition1 and industry of a learner4 ,the untiring freshness and hopefulness of his spirit is shown by his undertaking the study of the ,french language not more than three or four years ago1 and obtaining such a mastery of it as to read with delight its most abstruse authors1 and to preach in it with fluency and even with eloquence4 ,it is characteristic of him that he is always earnest1 and that he considers whatever he has to do worthy of his best abilities1 so that in writing of theology1 economy1 polity1 or manners1 he arrays in order for each particular subject all the forces of his understanding1 and makes its discussion their measure and illustration4 ,he has been in an eminent degree devoted to literature as a profession1 and although he has produced works which may be deemed unfortunate in design or defective in execution1 it must be admitted that he is entitled to a highly respectable position as a thinker and as a writer1 and that in opinion and in affairs he has exercised a steady and large influence4 ,he was born in ,long ,meadow1 ,massachusetts1 graduated at ,yale ,college in #ahab1 studied divinity at ,andover1 and in #ahae took orders in the ,presbyterian church4 ,for several years he was settled in the village of ,batavia in western ,new-,york1 but his voice failing in #ahbf1 he became a contributor to several of the principal periodicals occupied with religion and learning1 and in the summer of #ahca1 after an extended tour through the western states and territories1 proceeded to ,london1 as a correspondent of the ,new-,york ,observer4 ,in ,england1 he led a life of remarkable literary activity4 ,in #ahcb he published a ,manual for ,emigrants to ,america1 which had a large sale among the middling classes2 and ,the ,history and ,character of ,american ,revivals of ,religion1 of which there were two or three editions4 ,in #ahcc1 in a volume entitled ,the ,americans1 by an ,american in ,london1 he replied1 with an unanswerable display of facts1 to the libels on this country by ,british travellers and reviewers2 and published ,the ,american ,cottager1 a religious narrative4 ,a ,tour of the ,american ,lakes and among the ,indians of the ,north-,west ,territory1 in two volumes1 and ,church and ,state in ,america1 a vindication of the religious character of the country and the voluntary principle for the support of religion1 in reply to the ,bishop of ,london1 who had endeavored to show that the ,united ,states were going back to paganism because the church was not here connected with the state4 ,returning to ,new-,york1 in #ahce1 he published ,four ,years in ,great ,britain1 in two volumes1 which were soon after reprinted1 with some additions1 in a more popular form4 ,in #ahcf he gave to the public anonymously1 ,protestant ,jesuitism1 a criticism of the constitution1 extreme opinion1 and unwise action of many of the benevolent and religious societies2 and having taken orders in the ,episcopal church1 ,thoughts on the ,religious ,state of the ,country1 and ,reasons for preferring ,episcopacy1 a work which was much read and the cause of much critical observation in ,great ,britain as well as in the ,united ,states4 ,from that time ,mr4 ,colton has written very little on any subject intimately connected with religion1 but directing his attention to public affairs1 has been as conspicuous in the state as he was previously in the church4 ,in #ahch he published ,abolition a ,sedition1 and ,abolition and ,colonization ,contrasted1 in which he contended with equal earnestness and ability that the entire subject of slavery is beyond the limits of the proper action of the national government1 and that there is no justification of its discussion1 except in the states where slavery is established1 or for the wise and really philanthropic purpose of promoting ,african ,colonization4 ,in #ahci he again took up the argument of our social relations with ,great ,britain1 in a work written in ,philadelphia1 but published in ,london1 under the title of ,a ,voice from ,america to ,england1 ,by an ,american ,gentleman4 ,the plan was judicious3 it was not so much to express opinions as to state facts which should compel opinions in the adverse audience he addressed4 ,while mainly defensive1 he was at the same time bravely critical4 ,he contended that in its constitution our government was republican and not democratic1 but that the extraordinary force of public opinion among us has made it democratic in fact4 ,a large portion of the work was devoted to the several ecclesiastical polities existing here1 which he treated with singular freedom and originality1 so that the frequent impertinences of ignorant laymen and obtrusively-meddling women1 in the affairs of churches1 rendering the clerical profession humiliating and difficult to a person of manly character and cultivation1 were stated without any hesitation or attempt at concealment4 ,the entire performance is still attractive for frequent sound observation upon institutions1 judicious criticism of manners1 happy illustration1 and good humor1 and its opportune appearance was advantageous to the best fame of the country4 ,in #ahdj he made a more distinct and powerful impression than ever before1 by the publication of ,the ,crisis of the ,country1 ,american ,jacobinism1 and ,one ,presidential ,term1 a series of tracts under the name of ,junius1 which were circulated in all the states by thousands and hundreds of thousands1 and were supposed to have had great influence in the overthrow of the democratic administration4 ,in #ahdb he edited at ,washington a paper called ,the ,true ,whig1 and in #ahdc and #ahdd he brought out a second series1 embracing ten publications1 still more popular than the first1 of the ,junius ,tracts4 ,in the autumn of the latter year1 when the fortunes of the whig party seemed to be entirely broken1 when full half the nation felt a personal grief for the defeat of a leader1 added to the mortification of political discomfiture1 ,mr4 ,colton determined to write the life of the chief he had followed with unwavering admiration and unfaltering activity4 ,casting aside all other cares1 so that his every thought might be given to the work until its completion1 he set out for ,kentucky1 where he was sure of the friendly assistance of ,mr4 ,clay in whatever concerned the investigation of facts4 ,in ,november1 #ahdd1 he reached ,lexington1 where ,mr4 ,clay laid open to him the stores of his correspondence1 and the documentary history of his career4 ,the work was finished in the spring of #ahdf1 and published in two large octavos2 and so great was the demand for it1 that the first impression of five thousand copies was sold in six months4 ,it is unquestionably an able performance1 and from the circumstances under which it was composed and the conclusiveness of some of its arguments it is probable that it will always be regarded as a valuable portion of the material for contemporary political history2 but1 it appears to me very unequal in execution1 and signally unfortunate in design1 if considered either as a biography or a history4 ,for the subjective rather than the chronological arrangement of the facts in it there is however this defence1 that it rendered the work much more easy of citation1 and therefore more valuable as a magazine for partisan controversy4 ,the influence it obtained may be illustrated by reference to a single point3 for a quarter of a century the staple of declamation against ,mr4 ,clay1 the opposition which thrice cost him the presidency1 was his supposed bargain with ,john ,quincy ,adams2 but since the appearance of ,mr4 ,colton's exposition of this subject any person in an intelligent society would forfeit the consideration given to a gentleman who should repeat the charge4 ,for several years the attention of ,mr4 ,colton had been more and more attracted to the literature and philosophy of political economy4 ,in #ahdf he printed his first work in which it is formally treated1 ,the ,rights of ,labor1 in which he asserted1 illustrated1 and with unanswerable logic vindicated the ,american doctrine of the privileges and dignity of ,industry2 and in #ahdh he gave to the world his last and most important work1 ,public ,economy for the ,united ,states4 ,from the formation of the first system of society the subjects embraced in this production have employed the most powerful intellects of all nations4 ,but though illustrated by the liveliest genius and the profoundest reflection1 they have not until recently assumed even the forms of science4 ,we cannot tell what formulae of economical truth passed from existence in the lost books of ,aristotle4 ,the father of the peripatetic philosophy undoubtedly brought to public economics the severe method which enabled him to construct so much of the everlasting science of which the history goes back to his times2 but whatever direction he gave to the subject1 by the investigation of its ultimate principles and their phenomena1 his successors1 and the writers upon it since the revival of learning1 have generally been guided by empirical laws1 which in an especial degree have obtained in regard to the economy of commerce4 ,scarcely any of the literature or reflection upon the subject has gone behind the bold hypotheses of free trade theorists1 which have been as unsubstantial as the fanciful systems of the universe swept from existence by the demonstrations of ,newton4 ,not only have economical systems generally been made up of unproven hypotheses1 but they have rarely evinced any such clear apprehension and constructive ability as are essential in the formation and statement of principles2 and down to the chaos of ,mr4 ,mills's last essay there is scarcely a volume on political economy which rewards the wearied attention with any more than a vague understanding of the shadowy design that existed in the author's brain4 ,in the eminently original and scientific work of ,mr4 ,colton we see economy subjected to fundamental and ultimate methods of investigation of which the results have a mathematical certainty4 ,we have new facts1 new reasonings1 new deductions2 and if the paramount ideas are not altogether original1 they are discovered by original processes1 and their previous existence is but an illustration of the truth that the instinctive perspicacity of the common mind often surpasses the logical faculty in recognizing laws before they are discovered from elements and relations4 ,mr4 ,colton has not rejected the title political economy because he proposed to enter a different field1 or because the subject and argument have no relation to politics1 but chiefly because the term has been so much abused in the rude agitation of what are commonly called politics1 that he does not think it comports with the dignity of the theme2 and the second part of his title is adopted from a conviction that the economical principles of states are to be deduced from their separate experience and adapted to their individual condition4 ,the task which he proposed to himself is1 the exhibition of the merits of the protective and free trade systems as they apply to the ,united ,states4 ,he expresses at the outset his opinion that the settlement of the question is one of the most desirable1 and will be one of the most important results which remain to be achieved in the progress of the country2 and we can assure him that the accomplishment of it will be rewarded by the best approval of these times1 and an enduring name4 ,the second chapter of his work is a statement of the new points which it embraces4 ,by new points he does not mean that all thus described are entirely original1 though many of them are so2 but that on account of the importance of the places he has assigned them as compared with those they occupy in other works of the kind1 they are entitled to be presented as new4 ,many of them involve fundamental and pervading principles that have not hitherto appeared in speculations on the subject1 but which are destined to an important influence in its discussion4 ,some of the most prominent are1 that public economy is the application of knowledge1 derived from experience1 to given positions1 interests and institutions1 for the increase of wealth2 that it has never been reduced to a science1 and that the propositions of which it has been for the most part composed1 down to this time1 are empirical2 that protective duties in the ,united ,states are not taxes1 and that a protective system rescues the country from a system of foreign taxation2 that popular education is a fundamental element of public economy2 that freedom is a thing of commercial value1 and that the history of freedom for all time1 shows it to be identical with protection4 ,recently the renewal of his voice has enabled ,mr4 ,colton to devote more attention to the favorite pursuit of his life1 and he is a very frequent preacher1 in ,french or ,english4 ,he resides in ,new-,york4 ,a ,,glance ,,at ,,the ,,watering ,,places4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,young ,,married ,,gentleman ,,who ,,could ,,not ,,possibly ,,go ,,to ,,the ,,springs4 ,all the gay world of the cities1 and even of the villages and country homes1 who can do so1 by the first of ,august are going1 or gone1 as ,mr4 ,john ,keese says of a last invoice1 to the watering places1 and other summer resorts1 which serve as fairs for the disposal of valueless time and remainders of marriageable daughters4 ,with the crowds intent on speculation are a few invalids1 a few students of human nature1 and the common proportion of mere lookers-on1 who have no purpose but to be amused4 ,times have changed1 manners have changed1 since ,paulding gave us his ,mirror for ,travellers1 though ,saratoga still maintains the ascendency she was then acquiring1 and for certain inalienable natural advantages is likely to do so for a part at least of every season4 ,new-,york is the grand rendezvous3 once settled in our hotels1 the splendid ,astor1 the comfortable ,american1 the busy ,irving1 the gay ,new-,york1 or the quiet ,union ,place or ,clarendon1 the stranger has little desire to go further1 until the last and imperative demands of ,fashion compel him to abandon the study of those noble institutions we described in the last ,international1 and to forego the observation of those great public works in which the energy of our rich men has flowered1 or those appointments of ,providence which render ,new-,york a rival of ,dublin1 ,naples1 or ,constantinople1 in scenic magnificence4 ,many indeed who come from distant parts of the country1 linger all summer in the vicinity of the city1 in the hottest days quitting ,broadway for a sail or drive1 to the ,bath ,house1 ,rockaway1 ,coney ,island1 ,new ,brighton1 ,long ,branch1 or ,fort ,hamilton1 where they dine1 or perhaps stay over night4 ,at ,fort ,hamilton1 indeed1 ,mr4 ,clapp is apt to keep those who venture into his hotel1 with its luxurious tables1 pleasant rooms1 cool breezes from the ocean1 and fair sights in all directions1 for a much longer time2 and every one of these places1 in the hot months1 has attractions that would make a visitor at the ,spas of ,france1 ,germany1 or ,italy1 could he wake in them1 think he had eluded the watchful guard ,st4 ,peter keeps at the gateway of another retirement1 to the which1 it may be feared1 the gay world has far less anxiety to go4 ,illustration3 ,,fort ,,hamilton ,,house1 ,,long ,,island4 ,illustration3 ,,proposed ,,summer ,,hotel ,,at ,,the ,,highlands ,,of ,,neversink4 ,ascending the ,hudson1 from the social metropolis of this continent1 to which all capitals of states or nations1 from ,patagonia to ,greenland1 are in some way subject and tributary1 the traveller finds the palace in which he rides1 continually near embowered pavilions for the public1 and clusters of private residences1 which but add to their enjoyableness4 ,cozzens's ,hotel at ,west ,point1 is perhaps as well known as any house of the same class in the world1 and its picturesque situation1 as well as the admirable manner in which it is kept1 will preserve for it a place in the list of favorite resorts4 ,the ,catskill ,mountain ,house1 in the midst of grand and peculiar scenery1 on the verge of a rock two thousand and five hundred feet above the ,hudson--seen with its various fleets at a distance from the long colonnade--is thronged even more than ,west ,point4 ,there are other pleasant houses on the river1 and many turn from its various points to visit newer or less crowded places than ,saratoga along the lines of the western railroads1 as ,trenton ,falls1 ,sharon ,springs1 or ,avon1 or further still1 the towns by the borders of the great lakes4 ,illustration3 ,,catskill ,,mountain ,,house4 ,illustration3 ,,hotel ,,at ,,trenton ,,falls4 ,saratoga is now for several weeks the gayest scene of all4 ,at the ,united ,states ,hotel1 with its fine grounds1 are the leaders of fashion2 at ,congress ,hall1 with its clean and quiet rooms and unsurpassed cuisine1 are representatives of the substantial families that have had grandfathers1 and in the dozen or twenty smaller houses about the village are all sorts and conditions of men1 and eke of women4 ,with drives1 dinners1 flirtations1 drinking of drinks1 and1 once in a long while1 imbibitions of a little congress water1 all goes merry as a marriage bell--except with ladies of uncertain ages who are disappointed of that blessed music--until the ,grand ,ball gives signal for departure to other places4 ,illustration3 ,,saratoga ,,springs4 ,illustration ,illustration3 ,,the ,,notch ,,house1 ,,white ,,mountains4 ,from ,saratoga parties go northward to ,lake ,george1 7for which region1 of the most romantic beauty1 they should be prepared by a perusal of ,dudley ,bean's admirable sketch of its revolutionary history27 and down the ,champlain toward ,montreal1 whence they return by way of the ,ontario and ,niagara ,falls 7where our engraver ,orr's ,pictorial ,guide ,book is indispensable to the best enjoyment71 or go through the glorious hills of northern ,vermont and ,new ,hampshire to the ,white ,mountains4 ,all the last grand region has been most truthfully and effectively represented in a small folio volume of drawings from nature1 by ,isaac ,sprague1 described by ,william ,oakes1 and published in ,boston by ,crosby ,nichols4 ,we commend the book to summer tourists4 ,illustration3 ,,niagara ,,falls4 ,illustration3 ,,ocean ,,house1 ,,newport4 ,a considerable proportion of the guests who are at ,saratoga in the earlier part of the season1 proceed to ,newport in time for the ,fancy ,ball which every year closes the campaign there4 ,newport increases in attractions4 ,its historical associations1 fine atmosphere1 beautiful position1 and facilities for sea-bathing1 fishing1 sailing1 riding1 and other amusements1 are continually drawing to its neighborhood new families1 whose cottages add much to the beauty of the town1 as they themselves to the pleasantness of its society2 and for transient visitors no place in the world has better hotels or boarding-houses4 ,illustration ,illustration3 ,,white ,,sulphur ,,springs1 ,,virginia4 ,after the season closes at ,newport1 and from her ,ocean ,house the last unwilling traveller has taken his way1 strewn with regrets1 many linger at the more quiet summer haunts scattered through ,new-,england and ,new-,york1 particularly at the rural and luxurious hotel of ,lebanon--a country palace which a king might covet--filled always with good society2 or go southward to the ,virginia ,springs1 which have many attractions peculiar to themselves1 and with their unique pastimes1 their tournaments1 field sports1 c41 happily vary a summer's life commenced at the more northern watering places4 ,illustration3 ,,columbia ,,hall1 ,,lebanon ,,springs4 ,illustration3 ,,moultrie ,,house1 ,,sullivan',s ,,island1 ,,near ,,charleston4 ,the ,south ,carolinians have this year seceded from the northern resorts1 and those who do not go from ,charleston to the up-country or to ,georgia1 may well be content with ,captain ,payne's spacious and splendid hotel on ,sullivan's ,island--the coolest and most agreeable place by the seaside we have visited1 north or south1 for years4 ,from the south1 and indeed from all parts of the country1 parties go more and more every year to the ,mammoth ,cave1 7of which we have in store a particular and profusely illustrated account71 and up the great rivers and lakes of the west1 all along which1 first-class hotels1 steamboats1 c41 render travel as easy and delightful as on the old summer routes in the middle and eastern states4 --,thus we have taken our readers--some of whom haply cannot this season go by other ways--the circuit of the principal scenes of enjoyment to which the denizens of the hot cities are intent to escape through ,july1 ,august1 and ,september4 ,if any have till this time hesitated where to go1 possibly we have aided them to an election3 certainly1 we have led them cheaply along the fashionable tour4 ,illustration3 ,,mammoth ,,cave ,,hotel4 ,,noah ,,webster4 ,illustration ,the above portrait of the author of ,the ,american ,spelling-,book1 of which there have been sold thirty millions of copies1 and of the ,american ,dictionary1 of which his publishers have hopes of selling as great a number1 is very life-like2 it is from a painting by ,professor ,morse1 and the last time we saw the veteran scholar and schoolmaster1 he wore the very expression caught by that always successful artist4 ,noah ,webster's is the most universally familiar name in our history2 every body1 from first to second childhood1 from end to end and side to side of the continent1 knows it as well as his own2 and he who made it so famous was worthy of his reputation4 ,noah ,webster was born in ,hartford1 ,connecticut1 ,october #afth1 #ageh4 ,he was a descendant1 in the fourth generation1 of ,john ,webster1 one of the first settlers of ,hartford1 and afterwards governor of the colony4 ,in #aggd he was admitted to ,yale ,college4 ,his studies were frequently interrupted during the ,revolution1 and for a time he himself served as a volunteer in the army1 with his father and two brothers4 ,he graduated1 with honor1 in #aggh1 in the same class with ,joel ,barlow1 ,oliver ,wolcott1 ,uriah ,tracy1 and other distinguished men1 and immediately opened a school1 residing meanwhile in the family of ,oliver ,ellsworth1 afterward chief justice of the ,united ,states4 ,he soon commenced the study of the law1 and was admitted to the bar in #agha2 but the poverty and unsettled state of the country prevented any immediate success in the courts1 and he resumed the business of instruction in #aghb1 at ,goshen1 ,orange county1 ,new-,york4 ,it was here that he began the preparation of books for the schools4 ,he was led to do so in despondency of success in his profession2 but it changed the course of his life4 ,having exhibited the rude sketch of his initial effort to ,mr4 ,madison 7afterwards ,president71 and ,dr4 ,stanhope ,smith1 ,professor in ,princeton college1 he was encouraged by them to publish the ,first ,part of a ,grammatical ,institute of the ,english ,language4 ,the second and third parts of the series soon followed4 ,a generation has not passed since some of these books were occasionally seen in ,new ,england4 ,it may be that here and there a copy may still be lurking in the garret of some ancient family1 or on the dusty shelves of a collector of antiquities4 ,there is no more striking contrast than that suggested by a comparison of ,webster's ,third ,part1 as it was familiarly styled1 with the admirably printed school books now in every family4 ,webster's were the first school books published in the ,united ,states4 ,in #ahdg twenty-four million copies of the ,spelling ,book had been sold1 and for several years the demand for it has been at the rate of a million a year4 ,dr4 ,webster did not confine his attention to his own publications2 but having learned that a copy of ,winthrop's ,journal was in the possession of ,governor ,trumbull1 he caused it to be transcribed and published at his own risk4 ,in this way was given to the public one of the most important memorials of our early history1 and the first example furnished of printing the documents1 and other materials1 illustrative of our original experience4 ,mr4 ,webster was poor1 and the country had never yet evinced any disposition to encourage enterprises of this sort2 but he had always a confidence that it was safe to do what was right and necessary1 and therefore disregarded in this1 as in many other cases1 the opinions of his friends that he would incur inevitable loss4 ,the peace of #aghc involved the whole country in political agitation1 at certain points of which the calmest and wisest well nigh despaired of the republic4 ,at that time the influence of the pen was greater than ever before4 ,it seemed that the decision of principles which were to last for centuries was dependent on the force of a single argument1 or the earnestness of one appeal4 ,in this conflict the ambitious and self-relying spirit of ,mr4 ,webster led him to take an active part1 and from the peace till the close of ,washington's administration1 he was an industrious and efficient writer4 ,no period in the history of this country was ever more critical2 in none were so many principles subjected to experiment1 in none was discussion more able1 exhausting1 and high-toned4 ,the first topic which engaged ,mr4 ,webster's attention was the decision of ,congress to remunerate the army1 then recently disbanded4 ,this measure was violently opposed in all parts of the country4 ,meetings were held to organize resistance to the law1 and two-thirds of the towns of ,connecticut were represented in a convention for this purpose4 ,mr4 ,webster was then twenty-five years of age1 but he contributed to the leading paper of the state a series of essays1 signed ,,honorius1 which induced a decisive change in the public feeling2 and he received for his important services the thanks of ,governor ,trumbull4 ,in the winter of #aghd--e he published a tract1 ,sketches of ,american ,policy1 in which he advanced the doctrine1 that to meet the crisis and secure the prosperity of the whole country1 a government should be organized that would act1 not upon the states1 but directly on the people1 vesting in ,congress full authority to execute its own acts4 ,a copy of this essay was presented by the author to ,washington1 and it is believed that it contained the first distinct proposal of the new constitution4 ,about the same time1 he exerted himself successfully for what was then called an ,international ,copyright law between the several sovereign states2 and at a later period he spent a winter in ,washington1 to procure an extension of the period for which a copyright might be enjoyed4 ,in #aghe1 he prepared a series of lectures on the ,english language1 which he delivered in the larger towns1 and in #aghi published1 under the title of ,dissertations on the ,english ,language4 ,in #aghg-h1 he spent the winter in ,philadelphia1 as a teacher4 ,the convention called to frame the new constitution was in session during a part of the year1 and after its labors were completed1 ,mr4 ,webster undertook to recommend the result to the then doubtful favor of the people4 ,this he did in a tract1 entitled ,an ,examination of the ,leading ,principles of the ,federal ,constitution4 ,in the next year he established in ,new-,york ,the ,american ,magazine1 but it was unsuccessful4 ,in #aghi he opened a law-office in ,hartford1 and his reputation1 diligence1 and abilities1 insured business and profits4 ,he was now married to ,miss ,greenleaf1 of ,boston1 and enjoyed the advantage of one of the most brilliant literary circles of the country1 consisting of ,joel ,barlow1 ,lemuel ,hopkins1 ,john ,trumbull1 and others who at that time were eminent for their capacities4 ,but the political excitement of #agic1 caused by the proclamation of neutrality1 disturbed his plans1 and brought him again into the arena of affairs4 ,the sympathy for the new ,french republic1 natural and pardonable as it was1 overran all limits of reason4 ,the popularity and influence of ,washington were hardly sufficient for the repression of disorder and violence1 and an armed espousal of the cause of the ,french4 ,mr4 ,webster was solicited to devote himself to the support of the administration1 and means were furnished for the establishment by him of a daily paper in ,new-,york4 ,he accordingly commenced ,the ,minerva1 and soon after1 a semi-weekly1 ,the ,herald1 which ultimately received the names which they now retain1 of ,the ,commercial ,advertiser1 and ,the ,new-,york ,spectator4 ,another agitation soon followed1 if possible1 still more alarming--that which grew out of ,jay's ,treaty with ,england4 ,the discussions to which this gave rise were earnest1 often angry and vituperative1 but always able1 enlisting the most accomplished men of the country4 ,in these discussions ,mr4 ,webster was1 as might have been anticipated1 remarkably active4 ,a series of papers by him1 under the signature of ,,curtius1 had an unquestionable influence on the whole nation4 ,they were extensively reprinted and afterwards collected in a volume4 ,mr4 ,rufus ,king said to ,mr4 ,jay1 that they had done more than any others to allay the popular opposition to the treaty4 ,during these conflicts1 ,mr4 ,webster often encountered as an antagonist the celebrated ,william ,cobbett1 at that time conducting a journal in ,philadelphia1 distinguished alike for ability and for unscrupulous violence4 ,while ,mr4 ,webster lived in ,new-,york1 the yellow fever prevailed in this city and in ,philadelphia1 and he wrote a minute and comprehensive ,history of ,pestilential ,diseases1 in two volumes1 which was published in ,new-,york and in ,london4 ,it attracted much attention in its time1 and was referred to with interest during the subsequent prevalence of the cholera4 ,he also published in #ahjb an able treatise on ,the ,rights of ,neutral ,nations in time of ,war1 occasioned by the interference of the ,french government with the shipping of the world1 and its seizure of ,american vessels1 under the proclamation of a blockade4 ,he also published ,historical ,notices of the ,origin and ,state of ,banking ,institutions and ,insurance ,offices1 a work of authority and popularity4 ,in #agih he removed to ,new ,haven1 but retained the direction of his paper at ,new-,york for several years4 ,after disposing of his interest in it he devoted the remainder of his life to literary pursuits4 ,his first work was a ,philosophical and ,practical ,english ,grammar1 printed in #ahjg4 ,it was in many respects original1 acute1 and excellently fitted for the purposes of instruction4 ,it was1 however1 only one of the studies for his subsequent and far more important performance4 ,for more than twenty years he had been a close student of the elements and sources of the ,english language2 he had gradually1 as his various occupations permitted1 accumulated and arranged materials for its exposition1 and he now felt himself at liberty to forego all other pursuits and ambitions to devote himself for the remainder of his life to the great labors which have made his name so honorably eminent in the history of the intellectual advances of his country and of the ,saxon family4 ,the preparation of a ,dictionary1 under any circumstances1 must be regarded as a very formidable task1 involving even for an enthusiast the most dry and wearying researches1 unenlivened by any of the pleasing excitements which vary the monotony and relieve the tedium of ordinary literary pursuits4 ,mr4 ,webster from the beginning had a just conception of the duties and difficulties before him2 he was assured that no superficial study or careless execution would command or in any degree deserve approval1 in one who followed in the track of ,johnson4 ,he was not disposed to make the work of that great man a basis for his own2 to be simply an editor1 whose duties should be fulfilled by additions of the new words and new definitions introduced in seventy years2 he determined to make a new and altogether original work2 to study the ,english language in the writings of its most distinguished authors1 to inquire into its actual usage in conversation and public discourse1 not by loosely gathered and ill arranged groups of synonymes1 but by a clear and precise statement of meanings1 illustrated1 whenever it should be necessary1 by various instances4 ,in this work1 ,johnson had made a beginning2 he first conceived the plan of defining by descriptions1 instead of synonymes2 and he had introduced into his larger dictionary quotations from the best authors4 ,but his work1 valuable as it was1 was imperfect1 even in regard to the words current in his time1 and which he succeeded in collecting4 ,but1 if ,johnson had perfectly accomplished his design1 the lapse of seventy years of such extraordinary and various activity in every department of human action and aspiration1 would have rendered a ,new ,dictionary indispensable4 ,new sciences and arts had been discovered1 which1 in their manifold applications to industry1 had changed or wonderfully augmented the technology and common speech of every class and description of workers4 ,new experiments had been made in governments2 new institutions had been introduced2 literature had assumed new forms2 and speculation1 with perfect freedom and gigantic force1 had forged new weapons for its new endeavors4 ,the necessity for a new ,dictionary of the ,english language1 indeed is1 demonstrated in the simple fact that the first edition of ,webster's great work contained twelve thousand words not in ,johnson2 the second1 thirty thousand4 ,this statement does not1 however1 give a just impression of the difference between ,johnson and ,webster1 or of the actual labor which ,webster performed4 ,the new definitions1 many of which were fruits1 not more of patient research than of nice discrimination1 the arrangement of these definitions1 so as to exhibit the history of words as it had been slowly developed1 cost the author an amount of toil which can with difficulty be measured4 ,we hazard little concerning the importance or difficulties of the work1 when we quote the remark of ,coleridge1 that the history of a word is often more important than that of a campaign4 ,the etymology of the language1 was a subject to which he devoted much attention1 and in which he made great advances4 ,to qualify himself for tracing the derivations of ,english words1 he studied some twenty languages1 and wrote out a synopsis of the leading words of each1 and incorporated the chief results of this extraordinary investigation in the very full and instructive statement of words of similar imports1 which in the larger ,dictionary is prefixed to ,english words1 and which he prepared for the press also1 as a separate work1 of about half the size of the ,american ,dictionary1 entitled ,a ,synopsis of ,words in ,twenty ,languages1 which is still unpublished4 ,in #ahab1 he removed to ,amherst1 in ,massachusetts1 where he devoted ten years entirely to these labors4 ,he returned to ,new ,haven in #ahbb2 in the following year he received from ,yale ,college the degree of ,,ll4 ,d41 and in the spring of #ahbd he proceeded to ,paris to consult in the ,bibliotheque du ,roi some works not accessible in this country1 and then went to ,england and passed eight months in the libraries of the ,university of ,cambridge4 ,returning to ,america1 he made arrangements for the publication of his great work1 and it finally appeared1 near the end of #ahbf1 in an edition of twenty-five hundred copies1 in two quarto volumes1 which were sold at twenty dollars per copy4 ,an edition of three thousand copies was soon after printed in ,england4 ,dr4 ,webster was now seventy years of age1 and he considered his life-task accomplished2 but habits of literary occupation had become fixed and necessary1 and after a few months he began to rewrite his ,history of the ,united ,states for ,schools4 ,in #ahdj he published a second edition of the ,dictionary1 in two octavo volumes2 in #ahdc1 ,a ,collection of ,papers1 on ,political1 ,literary and ,moral ,subjects1 selected from his various writings in early life2 and in #ahdg another edition of the ,american ,dictionary appeared1 after a thorough revision of it by ,professor ,goodrich1 of ,yale ,college4 ,in this edition very large additions were made1 amounting to a fifth of the whole work4 ,there were new words1 and new definitions1 when needed2 careful attention was bestowed on technical terms of science and art2 and it was made a general cyclopaedia of knowledge4 ,yet by employing a finer type1 and adopting a close yet clear style of printing1 the original work1 with all these copious additions1 was brought within the compass of a single quarto1 which has been styled the finest specimen of book-manufacture ever produced in ,america4 ,a revised edition of the abridgement was issued at the same time1 and both volumes have had a circulation which evinces the general appreciation of their value4 ,several of the ,new ,england states1 we believe1 have furnished a copy of the quarto ,dictionary to every school district within their limits1 and the legislature of ,new-,york1 during its recent session1 passed a law for the distribution of some thousands of copies in the school districts of this state also4 ,whatever may be said of the ,dictionary by ,dr4 ,,webster1 it will not be questioned by the disinterested scholar that it is one of the most extraordinary and honorable monuments of well-directed intellectual labor of which we have any account in the histories of literature or learning4 ,it is as great an advance from the work of ,dr4 ,johnson1 as that was from the wretched vocabularies of the ,english language which existed before his time2 and so accurate and exhausting has been the investigation which it displays that no rival work is likely to take its place until sufficient time has elapsed for the language itself to pass into a new condition4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,birthplace ,,of ,,noah ,,webster4 ,much has been said of ,dr4 ,webster's innovations1 but for the most part1 by persons altogether ignorant of the philosophy of languages in general1 as well as of the character and condition of the ,english language4 ,dr4 ,webster attempted1 and with eminent success1 to reduce the ,english language to order1 and to subject it to the operation of principles4 ,the changes which he made1 though in a few instances1 necessary for consistency1 striking1 are much less numerous than is commonly supposed1 and even to scholars1 with whom the study of languages is not a specialite1 they would not be very apparent but for the frequent attempts which are made to prejudice the public against the work4 ,an amusing illustration of this fact occurred a few years ago1 when1 a concerted assault upon the ,dictionary having been made1 and sustained for some time1 a distinguished author who had a new book in the press of the ,harpers1 was alarmed by intelligence that they intended to adopt for it ,webster's orthography4 ,he wrote to these publishers his apprehensions that the success of his performance and his own good reputation could not fail of exceeding injury1 if their design should be executed1 and begged them to adopt some other work as a medium for the display of the ,websterian innovations4 ,the ,harpers replied that he might select his own standard2 they believed he had1 perhaps unconsciously1 followed ,webster in his manuscript1 and that the several productions of his which they had published in previous years had all been printed according to ,webster's ,dictionary1 which was the guide used in their printing offices4 ,the incidents of ,dr4 ,webster's life after the publication of the second edition of his ,dictionary1 in #ahdj1 were few and unimportant4 ,indeed1 with that effort he regarded his public life as brought to a close4 ,he passed through a serene old age1 which was terminated by a peaceful death1 on the twenty-eighth of ,may1 #ahdc1 when he was in the eighty-fifth year of his age4 ,,dr4 ,,merle ,d',,aubigne ,,and ,,the ,,english ,,church4 ,the celebrated ,german historian1 ,dr4 ,,merle ,d',,aubigne1 is now in ,england1 and in consequence of certain proceedings growing out of his occupation of an ,episcopal pulpit recently1 he has published a letter to the ,archbishop of ,canterbury concerning the general subject of the exclusion of continental ,protestant ministers from the pulpits of ,english churches4 ,he is aware that1 in consequence of the ,act of ,uniformity1 there are churches which cannot be opened to those ministers1 but he hopes that this law of exclusion will be repealed4 ,it is no longer in harmony with the spirit and the wants of the church in the age in which we live4 ,the ,calvinistic historian expresses his conviction that the reestablishment of the ,annual ,convocation would not reform the ,church4 ,the ,convocation has been for more than a century deprived of its powers1 and it is to ,parliament that the question now belongs4 ,he says3 ,why should ,i not express to you1 my lord1 a desire which ,i have long had in my heart8 ,this desire is1 that being surrounded by ministers and members of the ,church the most enlightened and most devoted to ,god and to his word1 you should digest and present to ,parliament a plan1 not to effect 7sic7 a reform of the ,church1 but to establish the authority 7sic7 which should be charged with its reform and government4 ,it seems to me that the best way would be to establish a body similar to that which governs the ,episcopal church of ,america1 composed of three chambers1 that of the bishops1 that of the presbyters1 and that of the members of the ,church1 the two latter being ordinarily united in one4 ,the ,americans of the ,united ,states have received so much from you 7they have received every thing1 even their very existence71 why should you not take something from them8 ,i am convinced that sooner or later a reform must take place in the government of the ,church of ,england3 it is important that it should be done well4 ,i think that there would be some hope of its being accomplished in a good sense1 if it were done while you1 my lord1 are ,primate of the ,church1 and while ,victoria is ,queen of ,england4 ,every thing seems to tend to an entire revolution in the ,british ecclesiastical system1 and the cooeperation of ,dr4 ,merle and other continental writers with those who are agitating the subject in ,england--demanding the separation of the church from the state--makes the prospect of such a separation more imminent than it has ever been hitherto4 ,,the ,,exile',s ,,sunset ,,song4 ,,written ,,for ,,the ,,international ,,magazine ,,by ,j4 ,r4 ,,thompson4 ,when from thy side1 love1 ,in silence and gloom1 ,half broken-hearted ,fate tore me away1 ,all humbled in pride1 love1 ,i thought in my doom1 ,that ,hope had departed ,for ever and aye6 ,but ,fate may not banish ,from memory's store1 ,that blissful communion ,of years that are flown1 ,nor make yet to vanish ,the lustre which o'er ,our fond thoughts of union1 ,so tenderly shone4 ,and still o'er the ocean ,my fancy takes flight1 ,where oft ,i see gleaming ,thy figure afar2 ,and ,i think with emotion1 ,that sometimes at night1 ,we watch the same beaming ,and tremulous star4 ,the sunsets so golden4 ,that stream round me here1 ,but call up thy shadow ,the landscape between3 ,and when in the olden ,dim season so dear1 ,it tripped o'er the meadow ,with step of a queen4 ,as the light of the moon1 love1 ,like snow softly falls1 ,and rests on the mountain1 ,and silvers the sea1 ,that midnight in ,june1 love1 ,my mem'ry recalls1 ,when up to the fountain ,i clambered with thee4 ,how sweetly the river ,reflected the ray ,of moon through the willows ,or sun o'er the hill3 ,does the moonbeam there quiver1 ,the sunset there play1 ,upon its gay billows ,as splendidly still8 ,my spirit is weary-- ,an exile ,i grieve1 ,when morn's early voices ,a glad song proclaim1 ,and the faint ,miserere ,of nature at eve1 ,to me but rejoices ,to murmer thy name4 ,yet ,hope1 reappearing1 ,a vision unfolds1 ,of rapture together ,in joy's happy reign1 ,when love all endearing ,the full eye beholds1 ,we'll walk o'er the heather ,at sunset again4 ,,richmond1 ,va4 ,,dramatic ,,fragments4 ,,written ,,for ,,the ,,international ,,magazine1 ,,by ,r4 ,h4 ,,stoddard4 ,,the ,,game ,,of ,,chess4 ,we played at chess1 ,bianca and myself1 ,one afternoon1 but neither won the game1 ,both absent-minded1 thinking of our hearts ,moving the ivory pawns from black to white1 ,shifted to little purpose round the board2 ,sometimes we quite forgot it in a sigh ,and then remembered it1 and moved again2 ,looking the while along the slopes beyond1 ,barred by blue peaks1 the fountain1 and the grove ,where lovers sat in shadow1 back again1 ,with sideway glances in each other's eyes2 ,unknowingly ,i made a lucky move1 ,whereby ,i checked my mate1 and gained a queen2 ,my couch drew nearer hers1 ,i took her hand-- ,a soft white hand that gave itself away-- ,told o'er the simple story of my love1 ,in simplest phrases which are always best1 ,and prayed her if she loved me in return-- ,a fabled doubt--to give her heart to me2 ,and then1 and there1 above that game of chess1 ,not finished yet1 in maiden trustfulness1 ,she gave me1 what ,i knew was mine1 her heart6 ,,from ,a ,,play4 ,alas6 ,i think of you the live-long day1 ,plying my needle by the little stand1 ,and wish that we had never1 never met1 ,or ,i were dead1 or you were married off1 ,though that would kill me2 ,i lay down my work1 ,and take the lute you gave me1 but the strings ,have grown so tuneless that ,i cannot play2 ,i sing the favorite airs we used to sing1 ,the sweet old tunes we love1 and weep aloud6 ,i sought forgetfulness1 and tried to-day ,to read a chapter in the ,holy ,book2 ,i could not see a line1 ,i only read ,the solemn sonnets that you sent to me3 ,nor can ,i pray as ,i was wont to do1 ,for you come in between me and the ,lord1 ,and when ,i strive to lift my soul above1 ,my wits are wandering1 and ,i sob your name6 ,and nights1 when ,i am lying on my bed1 7,i hope such thoughts are not unmaidenly17 ,i think of you1 and fall asleep1 and dream ,i am your own1 your wedded1 happy wife1-- ,but that can never1 never be on earth6 ,,the ,,countess ,,ida ,,hahn-,,hahn4 ,we gave in the last ,international a short notice of ,von ,babylon nach ,jerusalem 7,a ,journey from ,babylon to ,jerusalem71 by ,ida1 ,countess of ,hahn-,hahn1 in which she declares her conversion to ,christianity and ,catholicism4 ,what the ,germans themselves think of this work may be gathered from the following brief review1 which has just fallen under our notice in the ,central ,blatt4 ,the article is curious1 from the intensely ,german style and spirit in which it is written1 though we cannot very warmly commend either4 ,the above-mentioned work1 which contains an account of the conversion of its celebrated authoress to the ,catholic belief1 says the critic1 presents a sad picture of the complete decay and dissolution of a void subjectivity 7a vacant mind74 ,the writer falls a sacrifice to her exclusive1 aristocratic position in society4 ,without occupying any place in the world1 won and maintained by personal ability1 and consequently without a well-grounded moral standard1 she wanders like a homeless being from land to land1 every where influenced1 'as far as it agreed with her disposition1' by her momentary interests1 and thus rendering apparent the barrenness of her soul4 ,but this had been developed at an early period4 ',that this feeling 7that of joy7 was occasionally accompanied by the deepest discontent1 appearing as an unearthly ennui--and that over it swept the darkest melancholy1 will be readily intelligible to every one1 for they are the twin sisters of the fortune of this world4' ',and occasionally it was a kind of heroism1 in that ,i sat myself down1 and--wrote a romance4 ,was it finished1 ,i travelled--did ,i return1 ,i described the tour--was there a time when the book was complete and circumstances did not permit of travelling1 ,i took with raging appetite to reading--and when ,i no longer wrote1 no longer travelled1 and could no longer read for any determined purpose--because ,i had none--,i knew not what to do with my time4 ,i could not create illusions1 and say to myself1 ,try this6 try that6 perhaps the world hath yet somewhat hidden for thee--the call of ,knowledge is incessant4 ,no1 no6 she hath nothing4 ,well--what then8 ,god8 ,there stood the ,word1 the ,one1 the ,eternal4' ,thereupon she reads the greater and lesser catechisms of ,luther1 the creeds of the evangelic reformed church1 and the decrees and canons of the ,council of ,trent4 ',but only the ,catholic church hath under roof and proof brought her dogma-buildings to a tower1 provided with the lightning-rod of authority4' ,thereupon she determines1 ',i asked no human being for explanation1 information1 or counsel--not even myself4' ,three months after1 on the first day of ,january1 #ahej1 she wrote to the ,cardinal ,prince-,bishop of ,breslau1 to beg of him aid in her entrance to the church4 ,the moral vacancy displayed in these quotations corresponds with the shallow manner and half romantic1 half ,french style of the book4 ,though the first part be written in a fresher and livelier style than the second1 there is still not to be found in the whole a single well-determined and clearly-impressed thought1 and whenever we imagine that we have hit upon such a thing1 straightway we find whirling forth the dust-clouds of an obscure1 phrase-laden1 highly affected sentimental feeling1 which1 without any real energy1 stirs itself up with repeated 'ohs6' and 'ahs6' and other forced sighs and artificial aids4 ,in place of such thoughts we find a shallow and occasionally insupportably wearisome speech on the ideal of ,catholicism1 or 'the heathenish abomination in art and literature1 which1 after the fall of ,byzantium was transported thence to ,italy1 and there received with that love which impels sensuous mortals to joyfully draw into the sphere of his life the new and glittering1 because it promises fresh and shining pleasures4'767 ,in another place she speaks of the reformers as 'miserable1 narrow-minded heads1 who should have chosen other ground whereon to exercise their love of quarrelling2' while the second half of her book is confined almost exclusively to the democrats1 and the events which took place from #ahdg to #ahdi4 ,in this part the authoress displays the greatest want of intellect1 and is sadly wearisome2 but her frivolity of manners and morals appears most repulsive in her account of the ,reformation4 ,none of the ,catholics--not even ,cochlaeus himself--has so far degraded himself as to interpret in such a vulgar manner the deeds of the reformers 7more particularly ,luther's7 as is here done by--a lady6 ,if the ,countess places at the conclusion of her work the words ',soli ,deo ,gloria1' this is merely in accordance with a ,catholic custom1 and by no means meant in earnest1 since the work is more particularly adapted to flatter the vanity and self-conceit of its composer1 who cannot imagine why she should suffer the disgrace to belong to the ,german nation4 ,a vain1 coquettish self-regard1 an affected1 aristocratic-noble nonchalance1 and a contradicting1 heresy-accusing confidence of judgment1 meet us on every side1 and render us completely opposed to the pretence and moral vacancy of this book4 ,these are bitter words1 and bitterly spoken1 when thus applied to a woman4 ,the reader will in their perusal remember that the writer is evidently influenced by a deep feeling against all that savors of conservatism in politics1 and shares in an unusual degree the popular ,german feeling against emancipiste ,frauen1 or women who strive against the bonds which the customs of society have imposed on the sex1--a feeling1 which1 however creditable it may be when applied to undue extravagances of manners or morals1 should be carefully guarded against when it threatens an unconditional restraint of every exertion of feminine genius and talent4 ,,jules ,,janin1 ,,and ,,the ,,paris ,,feuilletonistes4 ,jules ,janin1 whose name1 of so constant recurrence in the contemporary history of light literature1 artistic criticism1 and feuilleton1 is the ,prince ,royal of the brilliant court of gifted1 tasteful1 witty and spirituel writers1 who compose the body of ,parisian feuilletonistes4 ,these are men who write1 not because they have any thing especial to say--for their peculiar function is to say nothing1 in a pointed and brilliant manner--but because they love leisure and luxury1 the opera1 pictures1 and beautiful ballet girls1 and must themselves make the golden lining to their purses1 which they can do by the very simple process of weaving the similar lining of their brains into a feuilleton4 ,they are often scholars1 men of fine cultivation and genius1 whose tastes however are so imperious1 and who enjoy so much the ease thus facilely achieved1 that they accomplish no great work1 win no lasting name4 ,of course the feuilletonist proper is to be distinguished from the author or novelist who publishes a work in the ,feuilleton1 as ,lamartine his ,confidences1 and ,sue and ,dumas and ,george ,sand1 their romances4 ,we propose now to follow briefly the sparkling career of ,,jules ,,janin as the type of the life1 character1 and success of the feuilletonistes4 ,he came to ,paris1 a ,jew3 as ,meyerbeer1 ,heine1 ,grisi1 ,rachel1 and the long luminous list of contemporary artists who have made fame in ,paris1 are ,jews4 ,he supported himself by teaching--doing nothing1 but very conscious that he could do something--at all events he could lecture upon the ,syrian language1 if for a week he could prepare himself4 ,then he wrote in little theatrical papers1 and received twenty-five francs a month4 ,but in #ahcj he happily succeeded to his present position in the ,journal des ,debats4 ,he is now a rich man4 ,he gives splendid soirees in his saloons glittering with oriental luxury1 and artists and authors bow before him4 ,like ,henry ,heine1 his contemporary1 whom he as much resembles in talent as in manner1 he declared now for the ,republic and ,freedom1 now for the ,church and ,king1 until his connection with the ,debats impressed upon him the conservative seal4 ,he since loudly declaims for public morality--against the prostitution of the press2 but his early works were the most licentious of any that have swarmed from the fertile ,french genius of social protestantism4 ,his first novel1 published in #ahbi1 ,the ,dead ,donkey and the ,guillotined ,woman1 is the history of a prostitute1 from the brothel1 to the murder of her child1 and her execution1 garnished with ,byronic sentimentalities upon the transitoriness of things temporal4 ,jules ,janin's next work was one of the most instructive illustrations of the character of ,french romance at that period when literary feeling and taste seemed to reach the artificial point that is artistically achieved by the melo-dramas of ,chatham-street and the ,strand4 ,we record it as a literary curiosity1 as the work of a fast ,frenchman1 a ,parisian ,vivian ,grey1 on a small scale4 ,it is called ,the ,penitent1 and was published in #ahcj4 ,it opens with a marriage4 ,the bride1 who has been violently dancing1 retires1 overcome with sleep1 and the husband in his rage at her sleepiness smothers her4 ,it is nominally supposed that she has been stricken with apoplexy1 but a ,jesuit1 who meditates many mysteries1 understands the whole matter1 yet observes the most discreet silence4 ,the young man1 who is somewhat conscience-pricked1 still persists in profligacy1 until he is overwhelmed by remorse1 and rushes to the church to receive absolution4 ,he seeks a trusty confessor1 and of course finds the old ,jesuit2 but as he finds it difficult to obtain access to him1 makes the acquaintance of a girl1 with whom the ,jesuit has some kind of relation1 and in order to win her to his will1 seduces her6 ,then comes the ,jesuit and begins to fulminate excommunications and damnations4 ,but the youth bursts into a passionate strain of repentance1 and is told by the old ,jesuit1 that the difficulty in his case1 is a religious one1 that in fact the murder was a circumstance arising from his irreligious state1 and that by genuine repentance the matter will be arranged4 ,presto3 ,the youth repents and enters the church1 is made ,bishop and proceeds through an endless course of fat capon and ,chateau ,margaux to an edifying end6 ,the boldest efforts of young ,france and young ,germany1 are feeble by the side of this extraordinary effort4 ,his earlier tales1 which are somewhat in the style of ,hoffmann1 ,jules ,janin published in the year #ahcc1 under the title of ,fantastic ,tales1 and a series of works of less size and importance followed1 until the series of papers1 half fiction1 half fact1 which1 in the novel form1 treated a great variety of historico-literary subjects4 ,his last romance is the ,nun of ,toulouse1 written during the revolution of '#dh4 ,it sparkles with the same sprightly skepticism and spiritual coquetry that distinguished his earlier works1 yet he celebrates in it those beautiful times1 the old times1 in which the serenity of faith was never ruffled by impertinent thought2 and in his recent letters from the ,great ,exhibition1 he indulges in the same strain1 and sighs for the magnificence of the monarchy4 ,but his weekly contributions to the ,debats1 the rapid dashing review of the dramatic novelties and incidents in a metropolis where alone a living drama survives1 and which he serves up garnished with the most felicitous verbal graces and the most charming intellectual conceits1 every ,monday morning--these are the flowers whence the brilliant ,jules ,janin builds the honey hive of his reputation4 ,he has decreed the fashion of the ,feuilleton1 and the other ,parisian critics flash and snap and sparkle1 as much like ,jules ,janin as possible4 ,their articles are the streak of light in the dimness of the preponderating political literature of the week4 ,they hold high holiday at the bottom of the page1 although the history of revolutions1 and woes1 and the rumors of wars and impending millenniums may throw their sombre shadows along the columns above4 ,they raise their banner of a butterfly's wing1 emblazoned with ,vive la ,bagatelle1 and march on to the tournament of wit and beauty4 ,they belong to ,france2 their game is the gambol of the exuberance of ,french genius4 ,they are more than witty1 they are spirituel2 and they have more than talent1 they have taste4 ,in a day of such rapid and facile printing as ours1 this department of literary labor was a necessity4 ,every man who has a conceit and can write1 may parade it before the world4 ,in the mass of pleasant common-place1 what is bizarre may supplant the symmetrically beautiful4 ,to seize therefore what every man saw1 and with nimble fingers to weave a transparent tissue of gorgeous words through which every man's impressions of what he saw look large and graceful and piquant--to sum up a vaudeville in a bon mot1 and a ballet in a voluptuous trope1--voila6 c'est fait1 you have the recipe of a successful feuilletoniste4 ,hence1 the influence of these writers1 upon words1 has been remarkable4 ,the ,french language1 long so precise1 is now among the most dissolute of tongues4 ,it reels through the columns of a feuilleton1 drunk and dim-eyed with expletives and exaggerations and beatified adjectives1 so that1 fascinated with the casket1 you quite forget the jewel4 ,the language of dramatic and operatic criticism in ,paris is now inexplicable to any one but an habitue4 ,if you should tell ,john ,bull1 who wishes to go to the opera1 that ,alboni's singing is pyramidale1 he would expect to see the fair and fat contralto sharpened to a point at top1--but1 ,i grant1 if you should call it jolly or stunning1 he would entirely comprehend that you meant to express your admiration in superlatives4 ,i must not longer gossip as these gay gossips do1 these fanciful feuilletonistes1 nor seek more deeply to draw the outline of these rainbow bubbles upon the stream of the time1 whether it flow turbid or transparent4 ,one cannot live upon sugar and nutmeg1 or even upon allspice4 ,but our friends are a literary phenomenon not to be omitted1 and if you love the ,muses1 you will not omit to snuff the azure incense offered weekly by the feuilletonistes4 ,jules ,janin shall show us out of this article as he ushered us in4 ,the ,great ,mogul of the ,feuilleton had purchased a carriage whose luxury1 and taste of appointment1 and perfection of footman1 was unsurpassed in the ,champs ,elysee4 ,but the gods are jealous and the feuilletonistes have thus the highest authority for jealousy4 ,so1 on one evening when the exquisite equipage awaited its master at the grand opera1 a crowd of lesser critical luminaries gathered around it1 and both reviled and envied the fortunate owner4 ,while they were thus engaged1 the great critic came out of the opera house and saw his contemporaries engaged in longing and envious remark4 ,now tact is the sublimest secret of success--and smilingly ,jules ,janin advanced cheerily1 greeted his friends cordially1 and piled into the carriage all of them who lived in his neighborhood4 ,they naturally reserved the seat of honor for the owner1 but this great ,general seizing the most inimical of all the party who lived in a quarter of the city farthest from his own home1 pushed him into the vacant seat1 ordered his coachman to set him down first1 and then humming the finale of the opera1 lighted a cigar and sauntered leisurely down the street4 ,it was like ,jules ,janin to make his own marriage the subject of a ,feuilleton4 ,in his case the man and the feuilletoniste are the same4 ,,ode ,,xx4 ,,of ,,anacreon4 ,,translated ,,from ,,the ,,french ,,of ,,madame ,,dacier ,,for ,,the ,,international ,,magazine1 ,,by ,,mary ,e4 ,,hewitt4 ,niobe1 maddened by her woes1 of yore4 ,the gods in pity turned to marble fair2 ,and wretched ,progne1 doomed for evermore1 ,changed to a swallow wings the upper air4 ,but ah6 would ,love1 whom ,i1 enslaved1 obey1 ,by his sweet power transform me1 ,i would be ,the mirror in thy hand1 if thus1 alway1 ,thy gentle eyes would fondly turn on me4 ,or1 ,i would be the perfume that reveals ,its fragrance 'mid the tresses of thy hair2 ,or1 that soft veil which o'er thy bosom steals1 ,and jealous1 hides the ivory treasure there4 ,or ,i would be the robe that round thee flows1 ,the zone that circles thee with fond caress2 ,the rivulet that with thy beauty glows1 ,and to its breast enclasps thy loveliness4 ,or ,i were blest those envied pearls to be ,that closely thus thy swan-white neck entwine2 ,or e'en to be the sandal1 pressed by thee1 ,were1 for thy lover1 destiny divine4 ,,swedish ,,landscapes3 ,,by ,,herr ,,andersen4 ,in the last ,international we gave some characteristic historical sketches from ,hans ,christian ,andersen's latest and most delightful book1 the ,pictures of ,sweden2 but the inspiration of nature is more powerful with him than that of history1 and he is never so felicitous as when painting the scenery of his native country1 though he has certainly indulged1 to a greater extent than a sober taste can approve1 in that passion for the fantastic and visionary1 which has been but too visibly manifested in some of his later and slighter works4 ,our readers1 however1 shall judge for themselves4 ,the forests of ,sweden and its rivers give the most noticeable features to its landscape4 ,this is how they appeared to ,andersen--the forest first3 ,we are a long way over the elv4 ,we have left the corn-fields behind1 and have just come into the forest1 where we halt at that small inn which is ornamented over the doors and windows with green branches for the midsummer festival4 ,the whole kitchen is hung round with branches of birch and the berries of the mountain ash2 the oat cakes hang on long poles under the ceiling2 the berries are suspended above the head of the old woman who is just scouring her brass kettle bright4 ,the tap-room1 where the peasants sit and carouse1 is just as finely hung round with green4 ,midsummer raises its leafy arbor every where1 yet it is most flush in the forest which extends for miles around4 ,our road goes for miles through that forest1 without seeing a house1 or the possibility of meeting travellers1 driving1 riding1 or walking4 ,come6 ,the ostler puts fresh horses to the carriage2 come with us into the large woody desert3 we have a regular trodden way to travel1 the air is clear1 here is summer's warmth and the fragrance of birch and lime4 ,it is an up-and-downhill road1 always bending1 and so1 ever changing1 but yet always forest-scenery--the close1 thick forest4 ,we pass small lakes1 which lie so still and deep1 as if they concealed night and sleep under their dark1 glassy surfaces4 ,we are now on a forest plain1 where only charred stumps of trees are to be seen2 this long tract is black1 burnt1 and deserted1 not a bird flies over it4 ,tall1 hanging birches now greet us again2 a squirrel springs playfully across the road1 and up into the tree2 we cast our eyes searchingly over the wood-grown mountain side1 which slopes so far1 far forward1 but not a trace of a house is to be seen3 nowhere does that bluish smoke-cloud rise1 that shows us1 here are fellow-men4 ,the sun shines warm2 the flies dance around the horses1 settle on them1 fly off again1 and dance as though it were to qualify themselves for resting and being still4 ,they perhaps think1 ',nothing is going on without us3 there is no life while we are doing nothing4' ,they think1 as many persons think1 and do not remember that time's horses always fly onward with us6 ,how solitary is it here6 so delightfully solitary6 one is so entirely alone with ,god and one's self4 ,as the sunlight streams forth over the earth1 and over the extensive solitary forests1 so does ,god's ,spirit stream over and into mankind2 ideas and thoughts unfold themselves--endless1 inexhaustible1 as ,he is--as the magnet which apportions its powers to the steel1 and itself loses nothing thereby4 ,as our journey through the forest scenery here along the extended solitary road1 so1 travelling on the great high road of thought1 ideas pass through our head4 ,strange1 rich caravans pass by from the works of poets1 from the home of memory1 strange and novel2 for capricious fancy gives birth to them at the moment4 ,there comes a procession of pious children with waving flags and joyous songs2 there come dancing ,menades1 the blood's wild ,bacchantes4 ,the sun pours down hot in the open forest2 it is as if the ,southern summer had laid itself up here to rest in ,scandinavian forest solitude1 and sought itself out a glade where it might lie in the sun's hot beams and sleep2 hence this stillness as if it were night4 ,not a bird is heard to twitter1 not a pine tree moves4 ,of what does the ,southern summer dream here in the ,north1 amongst pines and fragrant birches8 ,in the writings of the olden time1 from the classic soil of the ,south1 are sagas of mighty fairies1 who1 in the skins of swans1 flew towards the ,north1 to the ,hyperboreans' land1 to the east of the north winds2 up there1 in the deep still lakes1 they bathed themselves1 and acquired a renewed form4 ,we are in the forest by these deep lakes2 we see swans in flocks fly over us1 and swim upon the rapid elv and on the still waters4444 ,woodland solitude6 what images dost thou not present to our thoughts6 ,woodland solitude6 through thy vaulted halls people now pass in the summer time with cattle and domestic utensils2 children and old men go to the solitary pasture where echo dwells1 where the national song springs forth with the wild mountain flower6 ,dost thou see the procession8 ,paint it if thou canst6 ,the broad wooden cart1 laden high with chests and barrels1 with jars and with crockery4 ,the bright copper kettle and the tin dish shine in the sun4 ,the old grandmother sits at the top of the load1 and holds her spinning wheel1 which complete the pyramid4 ,the father drives the horse1 the mother carries the youngest child on her back1 sewed up in a skin1 and the procession moves on step by step4 ,the cattle are driven by the half-grown children2 they have stuck a birch branch between one of the cows' horns1 but she does not appear to be proud of her finery2 she goes the same quiet pace as the others1 and lashes the saucy flies with her tail4 ,if the night becomes cold on this solitary pasture1 there is fuel enough2 here the tree falls of itself from old age1 and lies and rots4 ,but take especial care of the fire--fear the fire-spirit in the forest desert6 ,he comes from the unextinguishable pile2 he comes from the thunder-cloud1 riding on the blue lightning's flame1 which kindles the thick1 dry moss of the earth3 trees and bushes are kindled2 the flames run from tree to tree1 it is like a snow-storm of fire6 the flames leap to the tops of the trees4 ,what a crackling and roaring1 as if it were the ocean in its course6 ,the birds fly upward in flocks1 and fall down suffocated by the smoke2 the animals flee1 or1 encircled by the fire1 are consumed in it6 ,hear their cries and roars of agony6 ,the howling of the wolf and the bear1 dost thou know it8 ,a calm rainy day1 and the forest-plains themselves alone are able to confine the fiery sea1 and the burnt forest stands charred1 with black trunks and black stumps of trees1 as we saw them here in the forest by the broad high-road4 ,on this road we continue to travel1 but it becomes worse and worse2 it is1 properly speaking1 no road at all1 but it is about to become one4 ,large stones lie half dug up1 and we drive past them2 large trees are cast down1 and obstruct our way1 and therefore we must descend from the carriage4 ,the horses are taken out1 and the peasants help to lift and push the carriage forward over ditches and opened paths4 ,the sun now ceases to shine2 some few rain-drops fall1 and now it is a steady rain4 ,but how it causes the birch to shed its fragrance6 ,at a distance there are huts erected of loose trunks of trees and fresh green boughs1 and in each there is a large fire burning4 ,see where the blue smoke curls through the green leafy roof2 peasants are within at work1 hammering and forging2 here they have their meals4 ,they are now laying a mine in order to blast a rock1 and the pine and birch emit a finer fragrance4 ,it is delightful in the forest4 ,so say we4 ,it is delightful in the forest2 not less so on the torrent-river of ,scandinavia3 ,before ,homer sang1 there were heroes2 but they are not known1 no poet celebrated their fame4 ,it is just so with the beauties of nature2 they must be brought into notice by words and delineations1 be brought before the eyes of the multitude2 get a sort of world's patent for what they are4 ,the elvs of the ,north have rushed and whirled along for thousands of years in unknown beauty4 ,the world's great high-road does not take this direction2 no steam-packet conveys the traveller comfortably along the streams of the ,dal-elvs2 fall on fall makes sluices indispensable and invaluable4 ,schubert is1 as yet1 the only stranger who has written about the magnificence and southern beauty of ,dalecarlia1 and spoken of its greatness4 ,clear as the waves of the sea does the mighty elv stream in endless windings through forest deserts and varying plains1 sometimes extending its deep bed1 sometimes confining it1 reflecting the bending trees and the red-painted block-houses of solitary towns1 and sometimes rushing like a cataract over immense blocks of rock4 ,miles apart from one another1 out of the ridge of mountains between ,sweden and ,norway1 come the east and west ,dal-elvs1 which first become confluent and have one bed above ,balstad4 ,they have taken up rivers and lakes in their waters4 ,do but visit this place6 here are pictorial riches to be found3 the most picturesque landscapes1 dizzyingly grand1 smilingly pastoral1 idyllic2 one is drawn onward up to the very source of the elv1 the bubbling well above ,finman's hut2 one feels a desire to follow every branch of the stream that the river takes in4 ,the first mighty fall1 ,njupesker's ,cataract1 is seen by the ,norwegian frontier in ,semasog4 ,the mountain stream rushes perpendicularly from the rock to a depth of seventy fathoms4 ,we pause in the dark forest1 where the elv seems to collect within itself nature's whole deep gravity4 ,the stream rolls its clear waters over a porphyry soil1 where the mill-wheel is driven1 and the gigantic porphyry bowls and sarcophagi are polished4 ,we follow the stream through ,siljan's lake1 where superstition sees the water-sprite swim like the sea-horse1 with a mane of green seaweed2 and where the aerial images present visions of witchcraft in the warm summer day4 ,we sail on the stream from ,siljan's lake under the weeping willows of the parsonage1 where the swans assemble in flocks2 we glide along slowly with horses and carriages on the great ferry-boat1 away over the rapid current under ,balstad's picturesque shore4 ,here the elv widens and rolls its billows majestically in a woodland landscape1 as large and extended as if it were in ,north ,america4 ,we see the rushing1 rapid stream under ,avista's yellow clay declivities2 the yellow water falls1 like fluid amber1 in picturesque cataracts before the copper works1 where rainbow-colored tongues of fire shoot themselves upwards1 and the hammer's blow on the copper-plates resound to the monotonous1 roaring rumble of the elv-fall4 ,and so on1 past the famous fall down which the waters gush1 ere they lose themselves in the waters of the ,baltic4 ,one glimpse more ere they reach their resting-place4 ,we take them up as they are circling the garden of a trim ,swedish manor-house3 ,the garden itself was a piece of enchantment4 ,there stood three transplanted beech trees1 and they throve well4 ,the sharp north wind had rounded off the tops of the wild chestnut trees of the avenue in a singular manner2 they looked as if they had been under the gardener's shears4 ,golden yellow oranges hung in the conservatory2 the splendid ,southern exotics had to-day got the windows half open1 so that the artificial warmth met the fresh1 warm1 sunny air of the ,northern summer4 ,the branch of the ,dal-elv which goes round the garden is strewn with small islands1 where beautiful hanging birches and fir-trees grow in ,scandinavian splendor4 ,there are small islands with green1 silent groves2 there are small islands with rich grass1 tall brakens1 variegated bell flowers1 and cowslips4 ,no ,turkey carpet has fresher colors4 ,the stream between these islands and holmes is sometimes rapid1 deep1 and clear2 sometimes like a broad rivulet with silky green rushes1 water lilies1 and brown feathered reeds2 sometimes it is a brook with a stony ground1 and now it spreads itself out in a large1 still mill-dam4 ,here is a landscape in midsummer for the games of the river-sprites1 and the dancers of the elves and fairies6 ,there1 in the lustre of the full moon1 the dryads can tell their tales1 the water-sprites seize the golden harp1 and believe that one can be blessed1 at least for one single night1 like this4 ,on the other side of ,ens ,bruck is the main stream--the full ,dal-elv4 ,do you hear the monotonous rumble8 ,it is not from ,elvkarleby ,fall that it reaches hither2 it is close by2 it is from ,laa ,foss in which lies ,ash ,island3 the elv streams and rushes over the leaping salmon4 ,let us sit here1 between the fragments of rock by the shore1 in the red evening sunlight1 which sheds a golden lustre on the waters of the ,dal-elv4 ,glorious river6 ,but a few seconds' work hast thou to do in the mills yonder1 and thou rushest foaming on over ,elvkarleby's rocks1 down into the deep bed of the river1 which leads thee to the ,baltic--thy eternity4 ,we could fill half our number with passages just as beautiful2 but will leave the rest of the poet's landscapes till some ,american publisher brings out the book4 ,we must nevertheless quote one picture of a different kind4 ,one touch of nature makes the whole world kin2 and the sorrows of the palace and the cottage alike find their level and their rest in the grave4 ,the ,mute ,book speaks with a moving eloquence to those who can read it aright3 ,by the high-road into the forest there stood a solitary farm-house4 ,one way lay right through the farm-yard2 the sun shone2 all the windows were open2 there was life and bustle within1 but in the yard1 in an arbor of flowering lilacs1 there stood an open coffin4 ,the corpse had been placed out here1 and it was to be buried that forenoon4 ,no one stood by1 and wept over that dead man2 no one hung sorrowfully over him4 ,his face was covered with a white cloth1 and under his head there lay a large1 thick book1 every leaf of which was a whole sheet of gray paper1 and1 between each1 lay withered flowers1 deposited and forgotten1--a whole herbarium1 gathered in different places4 ,he himself had requested that it should be laid in the grave with him4 ,a chapter of his life was blended with every flower6 ',who is that dead man8' we asked1 and the answer was1 ',the old student from ,upsala4 ,they say he was once very clever2 he knew the learned languages1 could sing and write verses too2 but then there was something that went wrong1 and so he gave both his thoughts and himself up to drinking spirits1 and1 as his health suffered by it1 he came out here into the country1 where they paid for his board and lodging4 ,he was as gentle as a child when the dark humor did not come over him1 for then he was strong1 and ran about in the forest like a hunted deer2 but when we got him home1 we persuaded him to look into the book with the dry plants4 ,then he would sit the whole day1 and look at one plant1 and then at another1 and many a time the tears ran down his cheeks4 ,god knows what he then thought6 ,but he begged that he might have the book with him in his coffin2 and now it lies there1 and the lid will soon be fastened down1 and then he will take his peaceful rest in the grave6' ,they raised the winding sheet4 ,there was peace in the face of the dead4 ,a sunbeam fell on it2 a swallow1 in its arrow-flight1 darted into the new-made arbor1 and in its flight circled twittering over the dead man's head4 ,how strange it is6--we all assuredly know it--to take out old letters from the days of one's youth1 and read them3 a whole life1 as it were1 then rises up1 with all its hopes and all its troubles4 ,how many of those with whom we1 in their time1 lived so devotedly1 are now even as the dead to us1 and yet they still live6 ,but we have not thought of them for many years--them whom we once thought we should always cling to1 and share our mutual joys and sorrows with6 ,the withered oak-leaf in the book here1 is a memorial of the friend--the friend of his school days--the friend for life4 ,he fixed this leaf on the student's cap1 in the greenwood1 when the vow of friendship was concluded for the whole life4 ,where does he now live8 ,the leaf is preserved2 friendship forgotten4 ,here is a foreign conservatory plant1 too fine for the gardens of the ,north4 ,it looks as if there still were fragrance in it4 ,she gave it to him--she1 the lady of that noble garden6 ,here is the marsh-lotus1 which1 he himself has plucked and watered with salt tears--the marsh-lotus from the fresh waters6 ,and here is a nettle2 what do its leaves say6 ,what did he think on plucking it8--on preserving it8 ,here are lilies of the valley1 from the woodland solitudes2 here are honeysuckles from the village ale-house flower-pot2 and here the bare1 sharp blade of grass4 ,the flowering lilac bends its fresh1 fragrant clusters over the dead man's head2 the swallow again flies past--'qui-vit6 qui-vit6' ,now the men come with nails and hammer2 the lid is placed over the corpse1 whose head rests on the ',mute ,book'--preserved--forgotten6 ,the book1 to those who are not repelled by a certain quaintness of manner from the enjoyment of a work of true genius1 will form a permanent and delightful addition to those pictures of many lands which the enterprise and accomplishment of modern travellers is creating for the delight of those whose range of locomotion is bounded by the limits of their own country1 or by the four walls of a sick chamber4 ,andersen has grown old in years1 and with age he has increase of art1 but he was never younger in spirit1 and his genius never blossomed with more freshness and beauty4 ,,verses ,,written ,,for ,,the ,,international ,,magazine1 ,,by ,r4 ,h4 ,,stoddard4 ,my desk is heaped with niceties ,from tropic lands divine1 ,but this is braver far than all-- ,a flask of ,chian wine6 ,brim up my golden drinking-cup1 ,and reach a dish of fruit1 ,and then unlock my cabinet1 ,and hand me out my lute2 ,for when these luxuries have fed ,and filled my brain with light1 ,i must compose a nuptial song1 ,to suit my bridal night6 ,a ,,chapter ,,of ,,parodies4 ,parodies have been much in vogue in almost every age2 among the ,greeks1 ,latins1 ,germans1 ,french1 and ,english1 it has been among the commonest of literary pleasantries to turn verses into ridicule by applying them to a purpose never dreamed of by their authors1 or to burlesque serious pieces by affecting to observe the same rhymes1 words1 and cadences4 ,the wicked arts of ,charles the ,second's time thus made fun of the hymns of the ,roundheads1 and pious people have since turned the tables by adapting to good uses the profane airs and sensual songs of the opera house4 ,of the class of puns1 parodies have in the scale of art a much higher rank1 and occasionally they furnish specimens of genuine poetry4 ,among the best we have ever seen are a considerable number attributed to ,miss ,phebe ,carey1 of ,ohio2 they are rich in quaint and natural humor1 and as a ,london critic describes them1 wonderfully ,american4 ,in its way1 we have seen nothing better than this reflex of ,bayard ,taylor's poem of ,manuela4 ,,martha ,,hopkins4 ,a ,,ballad ,,of ,,indiana4 ,from the kitchen1 ,martha ,hopkins1 as she stood there making pies1 ,southward looks along the turnpike1 with her hand above her eyes2 ,where along the distant hill-side1 her yearling heifer feeds1 ,and a little grass is growing in a mighty sight of weeds4 ,all the air is full of noises1 for there isn't any school1 ,and boys1 with turned-up pantaloons1 are wading in the pool2 ,blithely frisk1 unnumbered chickens cackling for they cannot laugh1 ,where the airy summits brighten1 nimbly leaps the little calf4 ,gentle eyes of ,martha ,hopkins6 tell me wherefore do ye gaze ,on the ground that's being furrowed for the planting of the maize8 ,tell me wherefore down the valley1 ye have traced the turnpike's way1 ,far beyond the cattle pasture1 and the brick-yard with its clay8 ,ah6 the dog-wood tree may blossom1 and the door-yard grass may shine1 ,with the tears of amber dropping from the washing on the line2 ,and the morning's breath of balsam1 lightly brush her freckled cheek1-- ,little recketh ,martha ,hopkins of the tales of spring they speak4 ,when the summer's burning solstice on the scanty harvest glowed1 ,she had watched a man on horseback riding down the turnpike road2 ,many times she saw him turning1 looking backward quite forlorn1 ,till amid her tears she lost him1 in the shadow of the barn4 ,ere supper-time was over1 he had passed the kiln of brick1 ,crossed the rushing ,yellow ,river and had forded quite a creek1 ,and his flat-boat load was taken1 at the time for pork and beans1 ,with the traders of the ,wabash1 to the wharf at ,new ,orleans4 ,therefore watches ,martha ,hopkins--holding in her hands the pans1 ,when the sound of distant footsteps seems exactly like a man's2 ,not a wind the stove-pipe rattles1 nor a door behind her jars1 ,but she seems to hear the rattle of his letting down the bars4 ,often sees she men on horseback1 coming down the turnpike rough1 ,but they come not as ,john ,jackson1 she can see it well enough2 ,well she knows the sober trotting of the sorrel horse he keeps1 ,as he jogs along at leisure with his head down like a sheep's4 ,she would know him 'mid a thousand1 by his home-made coat and vest2 ,by his socks1 which were blue woollen1 such as farmers wear out west2 ,by the color of his trousers1 and his saddle1 which was spread ,by a blanket which was taken for that purpose from the bed4 ,none like he the yoke of hickory1 on the unbroke ox can throw1 ,none amid his father's corn-fields use like him the spade and hoe2 ,and at all the apple-cuttings1 few indeed the men are seen1 ,that can dance with him the polka1 touch with him the violin4 ,he has said to ,martha ,hopkins1 and she thinks she hears him now1 ,for she knows as well as can be1 that he meant to keep his vow1 ,when the buck-eye tree has blossomed1 and your uncle plants his corn1 ,shall the bells of ,indiana usher in the wedding morn4 ,he has pictured his relations1 each in ,sunday hat and gown1 ,and he thinks he'll get a carriage1 and they'll spend a day in town2 ,that their love will newly kindle1 and what comfort it will give1 ,to sit down to the first breakfast1 in the cabin where they'll live4 ,tender eyes of ,martha ,hopkins6 what has got you in such scrape1 ',tis a tear that falls to glitter on the ruffle of her cape1 ,ah6 the eye of love may brighten1 to be certain what it sees1 ,one man looks much like another1 when half hidden by the trees4 ,but her eager eyes rekindle1 she forgets the pies and bread1 ,as she sees a man on horseback1 round the corner of the shed4 ,now tie on another apron1 get the comb and smooth your hair1 ',tis the sorrel horse that gallops1 'tis ,john ,jackson's self that's there6 ,here is one scarcely less happy upon ,mr4 ,willis's ,better ,moments3 ,,worser ,,moments4 ,that fellow's voice6 how often steals ,its cadence o'er my lonely days6 ,like something sent on wagon wheels1 ,or packed in an unconscious chaise4 ,i might forget the words he said ,when all the children fret and cry1 ,but when ,i get them off to bed1 ,his gentle tone comes stealing by-- ,and years of matrimony flee1 ,and leave me sitting on his knee4 ,the times he came to court a spell1 ,the tender things he said to me1 ,make me remember mighty well ,my hopes that he'd propose to me4 ,my face is uglier1 and perhaps ,time and the comb have thinned my hair2 ,and plain and common are the caps1 ,and dresses that ,i have to wear-- ,but memory is ever yet ,with all that fellow's flat'ries writ4 ,i have been out at milking-time ,beneath a dull and rainy sky1 ,when in the barn 'twas time to feed1 ,and calves were bawling lustily-- ,when scattered hay1 and sheaves of oats1 ,and yellow corn-ears1 sound and hard1 ,and all that makes the cattle pass ,with wilder richness through the yard-- ,when all was hateful1 then have ,i1 ,with friends who had to help me milk1 ,talked of his wife most spitefully1 ,and how he kept her dressed in silk2 ,and when the cattle1 running there1 ,threw over me a shower of mud1 ,that fellow's voice came on the air1 ,like the light chewing of the cud-- ,and resting near some spreckled cow1 ,the spirit of a woman's spite1 ,i've poured a low and fervent vow1 ,to make him1 if ,i had the might1 ,live all his life-time just as hard1 ,and milk his cows in such a yard4 ,i have been out to pick up wood ,when night was stealing from the dawn1 ,before the fire was burning good1 ,or ,i had put the kettle on ,the little stove--when babes were waking ,with a low murmur in the beds1 ,and melody by fits was breaking ,above their little yellow heads-- ,and this when ,i was up perhaps ,from a few short and troubled naps-- ,and when the sun sprang scorchingly ,and freely up1 and made us stifle1 ,and fell upon each hill and tree ,the bullets from his subtle rifle-- ,i say a voice has thrilled me then1 ,hard by that solemn pile of wood1 ,or creeping from the silent glen1 ,like something on the unfledged brood1 ,hath stricken me1 and ,i have pressed ,close in my arms my load of chips1 ,and pouring forth the hatefulest ,of words that ever passed my lips1 ,have felt my woman's spirit rush ,on me1 as on that milking night1 ,and1 yielding to the blessed gush ,of my ungovernable spite1 ,have risen up1 the wed1 the old1 ,scolding as hard as ,i could scold4 ,and in the same vein ,the ,annoyer1 in which is imitated one of the most delicate pieces of sentiment and fancy which ,willis has given us3 ,,the ,,annoyer4 ,common as light is love1 ,and its familiar voice wearies not ever4--,,shelley4 ,love knoweth every body's house1 ,and every human haunt1 ,and comes unbidden1 every where1 ,like people we don't want4 ,the turnpike roads and little creeks ,are written with love's words1 ,and you hear his voice like a thousand bricks ,in the lowing of the herds4 ,he peeps into the teamster's heart1 ,from his ,buena ,vista's rim1 ,and the cracking whips of many men ,can never frighten him4 ,he'll come to his cart in the weary night1 ,when he's dreaming of his craft2 ,and he'll float to his eye in the morning light1 ,like a man on a river raft4 ,he hears the sound of the cooper's adz1 ,and makes him too his dupe1 ,for he sighs in his ear from the shaving pile ,as he hammers on the hoop4 ,the little girl1 the beardless boy1 ,the men that walk or stand1 ,he will get them all in his mighty arms ,like the grasp of your very hand4 ,the shoemaker bangs above his bench1 ,and ponders his shining awl1 ,for love is under the lap-stone hid1 ,and a spell is on the wall4 ,it heaves the sole where he drives the pegs1 ,and speaks in every blow1 ',till the last is dropped from his crafty hand1 ,and his foot hangs bare below4 ,he blurs the prints which the shopmen sell1 ,and intrudes on the hatter's trade1 ,and profanes the hostler's stable-yard ,in the shape of a chamber-maid4 ,in the darkest night1 and the bright daylight1 ,knowing that he can win1 ,in every home of good-looking folks ,will human love come in4 ,the next is from ,poe's ,annabel ,lee3 ,,samuel ,,brown4 ,it was many and many a year ago1 ,in a dwelling down in town1 ,that a fellow there lived whom you may know ,by the name of ,samuel ,brown2 ,and this fellow he lived with no other thought ,than to our house to come down4 ,i was a child and he was a child1 ,in that dwelling down in town1 ,but we loved with a love that was more than love1 ,i and my ,samuel ,brown-- ,with a love that the ladies coveted1 ,me and ,samuel ,brown4 ,and this was the reason that1 long ago1 ,to that dwelling down in town1 ,a girl came out of her carriage1 courting ,my beautiful ,samuel ,brown2 ,so that her high-bred kinsman came ,and bore away ,samuel ,brown1 ,and shut him up in a dwelling-house1 ,in a street quite up in town4 ,the ladies1 not half so happy up there1 ,went envying me and ,brown2 ,yes6 that was the reason1 7as all men know1 ,in this dwelling down in town17 ,that the girl came out of the carriage by night ,coquetting and getting my ,samuel ,brown4 ,but our love is more artful by far than the love ,of those who are older than we-- ,of many far wiser than we-- ,and neither the girls that are living above1 ,nor the girls that are down in town1 ,can ever discover my soul from the soul ,of the beautiful ,samuel ,brown4 ,for the morn never shines without bringing me lines ,from my beautiful ,samuel ,brown2 ,and the night is never dark1 but ,i sit in the park ,with my beautiful ,samuel ,brown4 ,and often by day1 ,i walk down in ,broadway1 ,with my darling1 my darling1 my life1 and my stay1 ,to our dwelling down in town1 ,to our house in the street down town4 ,the two poems that have been most parodied in this country are the ,woodman spare that tree1 of ,general ,morris1 and ,poe's ,raven4 ,there have been an incredible number of burlesques of the former1 and of the latter we have seen a collection of seventeen1 some of which are scarcely less clever than the original performance4 ,,the ,,british ,,humorists3 ,,described ,,by ,,mr4 ,,thackeray4 ,in the last ,international1 we gave sketches of the first and second of the series of lectures ,mr4 ,thackeray is now delivering in ,london1 a series which we may regard with more interest because it is to be repeated in ,boston1 ,new-,york1 and other ,american cities4 ,the subjects of the lectures already noticed were ,,swift1 ,,congreve1 and ,,addison4 ,the third lecture was upon ,,sir ,,richard ,,steele4 ,having1 says the ,times1 to deal with a personage whose character was any thing but perfection1 ,mr4 ,thackeray started with a good-humored declamation against perfection in general4 ,a perfect man would be intolerable--he could not laugh and he could not cry1 neither could he hate nor even love1 for love itself implied an unjust preference of one person over another1 which was so far an imperfection4 ,the interest which a man takes in the progress of his own boy at school1 while he is indifferent about other boys who are probably better and more clever1 his choice that a death should occur in his neighbor's house rather than in his own1 and various traits of a similar kind1 are all so many manifestations of selfishness1 and therefore so many removes from perfection4 ,after this preface1 ,mr4 ,thackeray discoursed upon ,steele's career at school4 ,at the ,charter-house he distinguished himself as a good-natured mauvais sujet--idle beyond the average mark4 ,by his scholastic acquisitions he gave little satisfaction to his masters1 and was flogged more frequently than any boy in the school4 ,moreover1 he was in debt to all the vendors of juvenile delicacies in the neighborhood2 and1 if any boy came to school with money to lend1 ,dick ,steele was certain to appear as the person to borrow4 ,these facts1 given with much minuteness1 were followed by an assertion on the part of the lecturer that he had no authority for them whatever4 ,it was an admitted truth that 'the child is the father of the man1' and on this principle he felt he had a right1 from his intimate knowledge of ,captain ,steele1 to deduce what sort of a personage ,master ,dicky ,steele was likely to be4 ,this bit of mock biography gave the key-note to the entire lecture4 ,while ,mr4 ,thackeray admitted that ,steele was a far less brilliant man than any who had formed the subjects of the preceding discourses1 and far less entitled to admiration than ,addison1 he spoke of him in a tone of warmer affection than he had displayed when talking of the great ,joseph4 ,he dilated with unction on ,steele's many follies and vices--his strange medley of piety and debauchery1 his inordinate love of dress1 his insensibility as to the duty of meeting pecuniary obligations2 he even read an ill-natured description by ,john ,dennis1 remarking that it was substantially true1 but at the same time he constantly kept before the minds of his hearers the kindliness of ,steele's heart4 ,he did not call upon them to worship him as a moral being or as a talent1 aware that many others much more deserved such honor1 but he exhorted them to love him as a friend3 ',if ,steele is not a friend1 he is nothing4' ,the great number of letters which ,steele wrote to his wife1 and which are still extant1 furnished ,mr4 ,thackeray with much of the knowledge he possessed as to the character of his hero4 ,with these he could pursue him through every variety of joy and sorrow1 difficulty and triumph1 and1 as they were evidently written for none but her to whom they were addressed1 he could be sure that the writer spoke from his own heart4 ,on the literary productions of ,steele1 ,mr4 ,thackeray dwelt very little1 but he pointed out in them this peculiarity1 that the author showed a reverence for woman unknown to his contemporaries4 ,swift hated women just as he hated men2 ,congreve regarded them as so many fortresses to be conquered by a superior general2 even ,addison sneered at them with a gentle sneer2 but ,steele really spoke of them in a tone of affectionate respect1 and this gives a charm to his comedies not to be found in more brilliant productions4 ,mr4 ,thackeray took occasion to illustrate by these extracts the characteristic differences of ,swift1 ,addison1 and ,steele4 ,he had already drawn a ludicrous picture of the relative positions of ,steele and ,addison1 remarking that the latter had been through life to the former what a 'head boy' is to an inferior boy at school4 ,now by ,swift's poem on the ',day of ,judgment'--an extract from the ,spectator1 containing ,addison's reflections in ,westminster ,abbey--and a passage from ,steele1 he showed how the subject of ,death was treated by the three writers4 ,swift's poem savagely treats as fools all who pretend to know any thing beyond the grave1 including the teachers of the several sects4 ,addison's tone was kinder1 but1 while he was benevolent in his skepticism1 he came to nearly the same result as the ferocious ,dean4 ,steele1 on the other hand1 was content to remember1 as his first grief1 the death of his father1 when he was five years old1 and the dignified sorrow of his mother4 ,by way of an additional comical apology for the foibles of ,steele1 ,mr4 ,thackeray concluded his lecture by remarking on the atrocities of the age when poor ,dick lived1--an age when young ladies1 at dinner1 actually put their knives into their mouths4 ,the social peculiarities of the period he illustrated by a sort of summary of ,swift's ,polite ,conversation1 which led up to an ironical praise of the nineteenth century1 as a century whose anomalies are unknown4 ,the fourth lecture on the humorists was of ,prior1 ,gay1 and ,pope1 ,mr4 ,thackeray choosing to consider ,pope1 who was not a humorist1 but a wit1 the greatest humorist of all3 ,,mathew ,,prior4 ,prior he characterizes as the foremost of lucky wits1 abounding in good nature and acuteness4 ,he loved--he drank--he sang4 ,some verses at ,cambridge first rendered him an object of notice1 and by the ',city ,mouse and ,country ,mouse1' which1 jointly with ,montague1 he wrote against ,dryden1 and which1 ,mr4 ,thackeray ironically asserted1 all his hearers knew1 of course1 by heart1 he gained the post of ,secretary to the ,embassy at the ,hague1 in accordance with the usage then prevalent of rewarding a talent for correct alcaics or biting epigrams with important diplomatic appointments4 ,however1 his fortune was but transient1 since he fell with his patron ,montague4 ,as a poet1 ,mr4 ,thackeray praised ,prior highly1 calling him the most charming of ,english lyrists1 and comparing him with ,horace on one side and ,moore on the other4 ,at the same time he referred to a certain statement that ,prior1 after he had spent the evening with the first men of the day1 would retire to ,long-acre to smoke a pipe with two very intimate acquaintances--a soldier and his wife--adding that many of his writings seemed to be under the influence of his ,long-acre friends4 ,,john ,,gay4 ,gay was pointed out as a remarkable instance of kindliness and good humor1 gaining the love even of the most savage wits of the day1 and incurring the hatred of none4 ,the ferocious giant ,swift loved him as the ,brobdignag loved ,gulliver1 and was afraid to open the packet which contained the tidings of his death4 ,this kindliness is an especial feature in ,gay's writings1 even in his ,beggars' ,opera1 and as ,rubini was said to have1 'une larme dans la voix1' so was there in all that ,gay produced a tone of the gentlest pathos4 ,this peculiarity he illustrated by reading the well known story of the two devoted lovers struck dead by lightning4 ,as for ,gay's life1 it was easy enough4 ,he failed1 indeed1 to make his fortune1 but he led a comfortable existence with his noble patrons the ,duke and ,duchess of ,queensbury1 living like a little round ,french abbe1 eating and drinking well and growing more melancholy as he increased in fat4 ,,alexander ,,pope4 ,for a guaranty of ,pope's merits1 ,mr4 ,thackeray especially referred to the ,rape of the ,lock and the ,dunciad4 ,he insisted on his claims to admiration as a great literary artist1 always bent on the perfection of his work and gladly adopting the thoughts of others if they would serve to complete his own4 ,this peculiarity of carefulness was early shown in the fact that ,pope began by imitation4 ,the five happiest years of his life were devoted to the study of the best authors1 especially poets1 and the intellectual enjoyment was heightened by the feeling that genius was throbbing in his heart and awakening within him dreams of future glory4 ,he too should sing--he too should love4 ,of love1 indeed1 ,pope did not make a great deal1 and as his addresses to ,lady ,wortley ,montague were a failure1 so was his first amour a sham love for a sham mistress4 ,a particular pleasure in reading the works of ,pope consists in the fact that they bring the reader into the very best company--a company whose manners are1 to be sure1 a little stiff and stately1 and whose voices are pitched somewhat beyond the ordinary conversation key1 but there is something ennobling about them4 ,apropos of this peculiarity1 ,mr4 ,thackeray took occasion to dwell with great unction on the advantages of high society1 and said1 for the benefit of any young hearer who might be present1 ',young hearer1 keep company with your betters4' ,addison1 as we have seen1 is ,mr4 ,thackeray's moral hero4 ,he considers1 however1 that he has one great blemish in his dislike of ,alexander ,pope4 ,the young poet was too conscious of his own powers to be a mere attendant at the ,court of ,king ,joseph1 and ,king ,joseph did not like this independence4 ,the support given by the ,addison clique to ,tickell's translation of ,homer might naturally enough be construed by the ,pope faction as proceeding from an ungenerous wish to depreciate their chieftain's version1 and they might easily suppose that what was emulation in ,tickell was envy in ,addison4 ,the verses which ,pope wrote on this occasion and sent to ,addison1 had the satisfactory effect that the great ,joseph was civil ever afterwards4 ,but still ,mr4 ,thackeray surmised that their sting was never forgotten1 and that the saintly ,addison might be painted as a ,sebastian1 with this one arrow sticking in him4 ,the causes that led to the writing of the ,dunciad were laid down1 chiefly with a view of justifying the author1 though ,mr4 ,thackeray admitted that ,pope's arrows are so sharp1 and his slaughter so wholesale1 that the reader's sympathies are often enlisted on the side of the devoted inhabitants of ,grub-street4 ,the vile jokes and libels that were aimed against the illustrious poet1 and the paltry allusions to his personal defects1 were brought forward as sufficient motives2 and the lecturer dwelt with admiration on the personal courage which the gallant little cripple displayed when the indignant dunces threatened him with corporeal chastisement4 ,at the same time1 he declared it his conviction that the ,dunciad had done the greatest possible harm to the literary profession4 ,prior to its publication there were great prizes for literary men in the shape of government appointments and the like2 but ,pope1 a lover of high society--a man so refined that he kept thin while his friends grew fat--hated the rank and file of literature1 and if there was one point in his assailants on which he dwelt with savage partiality1 it was their abject poverty4 ,he it was who brought the notion of a vile ,grub-street before the minds of the general public2 he it was who created such associations as author and rags--author and dirt--author and gin4 ,the occupation of authorship became ignoble through his graphic descriptions of misery1 and the literary profession was for a long time destroyed4 ,pope's well known affection for his mother1 on which ,mr4 ,thackeray feelingly expatiated1 and the love which his friends entertained for him1 were introduced as a sentimental relief in describing the character of a man whose career ,mr4 ,thackeray compared to that of a great general1 obtaining his end by a series of brilliant conquests4 ,,hogarth1 ,,smollett1 ,,and ,,fielding4 ,in his fifth lecture1 says the ,leader1 ,mr4 ,thackeray dwelt at great length on ,hogarth1 and pointed out how much of his success lay in the simple conventional morals of his works2 gave a graphic analysis of the ,marriage a la ,mode and the ,idle and ,industrious ,apprentices2 and humorously set forth ,hogarth's pretensions to the sublime in historical painting4 ,smollett was dismissed in a few pleasant paragraphs4 ,fielding called out the hearty admiration of the author of ,vanity ,fair2 and amidst the panegyric there were some admirable passages1 notably one on the scorn and hatred ,richardson and ,fielding unaffectedly felt for each other1 and the sincerity which may animate even the most contemptuous criticism4 ,the opinions ,thackeray stamps with his authority1 we constantly find open to question2 but it is not as a ,course of ,criticism that these ,lectures have their inexpressible charm1 and it would be possible for a man to dissent in toto from the views put forth1 while at the same time he held them to be among the most delightful lectures he ever listened to4 ,,sterne ,,and ,,goldsmith4 ,in the sixth and last lecture of the course1 ,mr4 ,thackeray's subjects were ,sterne and ,goldsmith4 ,he stigmatized severely all ,sterne's relations with women1 showed up the sham sensibility which wept through his writings1 dwelt on the perilous thing it was to make a market of one's sorrows1 and sell the deepest experiences of one's life at so much per volume1 and wound up with an emphatic condemnation of the pruriency of ,sterne's writings1 contrasting that pruriency with the purity of ,dickens4 ,all the generosity1 sweetness1 and improvidence of ,goldsmith's ,irish nature were earnestly and genially presented4 ,this course of lectures has been described as a review of the humorists1 by their master1 but ,mr4 ,thackeray is not a humorist--at least humor is not his distinguishing quality2 he is a cold satirist1 sneering at humanity1 and in all his writings never exhibiting a spark of the genial fire which should commend an author to the affections of his readers4 ,gentlemen may be amused by him--he may be even punctilious and sincere in the observance of all honorable conduct--but judging him by his works1 he is one of the last men living whom any person with the instincts of a gentleman would admit to his friendship4 ,some of his books are amazingly clever1 but others1 as the ,kickleburys on the ,rhine1 are but unredeemable vulgarity4 ,he has been taken up very much by the snobs--a class somewhat remarkable for misapprehensions of their real relations--and we find the snobs of this country as well as of ,england lauding the satirist as an enemy of their own peculiar caste4 ,this is a mistake3 ,mr4 ,thackeray has painted to the life the sentimental snob1 indeed1 but he is himself a chief of a different and far less endurable class in this division of the race--the snob cynical and supercilious4 ,,alred4 ,,written ,,for ,,the ,,international ,,magazine1 ,,by ,,elmina ,,waldo ,,carey4 ,do you remember1 ,alred dear1 ,the peach-tree's cool and ample shade1 ,where first our hearts learned love and fear1 ,and vows of constancy were made8 ,the peach-tree stands there1 now as then1 ,its shadow just as dim and mild1 ,and over all the sacred glen ,the vines of strawberries run wild4 ,still all about the water's edge ,beds of green flags in beauty lie1 ,and1 sloping towards the elder-hedge1 ,are fields of graceful waving rye4 ,but1 ,alred dear1 not by our feet ,will the round clover-heads be pressed1 ,for years must pass before we meet ,in that dear valley of the west4 ,sometimes my heart is filled with fear1 ,yet if not1 ,alred1 in that land1 ',tis bliss to know1 in some bright sphere ,you'll wait to take my trembling hand4 ,,christopher ,,north ,,on ,,animal ,,magnetism4 ,the ,july number of ,blackwood's ,magazine has a long paper under the title of ,what is ,mesmerism8 in which the question is discussed with ingenuity1 apparent candor1 and occasional eloquence4 ,the editor1 however1 does not altogether agree with his contributor1 and adds to the article the following postscript4 ,undoubtedly a large proportion of the professors of magnetism are mere mountebanks1 and the pretenders to clairvoyance may in all cases probably be set down as knaves1 or as very ignorant or feeble-minded persons4 ,nevertheless1 we cannot quite agree with ,professor ,wilson in all his propositions3 ,,what ,,is ,,mesmerism8 ,it must be admitted that our excellent correspondent has set forth the claims of ',adolphe' and ',alexis1' and similar interesting abstractions1 to the powers of omnipresence and omniscience1 with great candor and becoming gravity4 ,we are sorry that we cannot follow what many of our readers may consider so excellent an example4 ,we have no faith in those dear creatures without surnames3 we have no faith in animal magnetism1 either in its lesser or in its larger pretensions2 but we have an unbounded faith in the imbecility1 infatuation1 vanity1 credulity1 and knavery of which human nature is capable4 ,and we are of opinion that there is not a single well-authenticated mesmeric phenomenon which is not fully explicable by the operation of one or more of these causes1 or of the whole of them taken in conjunction4 ,the question in regard to mesmerism is two-fold3 first1 how is the mesmeric prostration to be accounted for8 and secondly1 how is it to be disposed of8 ,it may be accounted for1 we conceive1 by the natural tendencies just recited1 without its being necessary to postulate any new or unknown agency2 it may be disposed of by the influence of public opinion1 which would very soon put a stop to these pitiable exhibitions1 and very soon extinguish the magnetizer's power and the patient's susceptibility1 if it were but to visit the performers with the contempt and reprobation they deserve4 ,a few words on each of these heads may not be out of place1 as a qualifying postscript to the foregoing letter1 which1 in our opinion1 treats the mesmeric superstition with far too much indulgence4 ,i4 ,the existence of any physical force or fluid in man or in nature1 by which the mesmeric phenomena are induced1 has been distinctly disproved by every carefully conducted experiment4 ,no person was ever magnetized when totally unsuspicious of the operation of which he was the subject4 ,this is conclusive2 because a physical agent1 which never does1 of itself and unheralded1 produce any effect1 is no physical agent at all4 ,then1 again1 let certain persons be prepared for the magnetic condition1 and aware of what is expected of them1 and the effects are equally produced1 whether the intended influence be exerted or not4 ,it seems simply ridiculous to postulate an odylic 7we should like to be favored with the derivation of this word7 fluid to account for phenomena which show themselves just as conspicuously when no such fluid is or can be in operation4 ,but it is argued by some of the advocates of mesmeric influence1 that their agent1 though perhaps not physical1 is at any rate moral--that the will1 or some spiritual energy on the part of the mesmerist1 is the power by which his victims are entranced and rendered obedient to his bidding4 ,here1 too1 all the well-authenticated cases establish a totally different conclusion4 ,they prove that the will or spiritual power of the mesmerist has of itself no ascendency or control whatsoever over the body or mind of his victim4 ,every well-guarded series of experiments has exhibited the mesmerist and his patient at cross-purposes with each other--the patient frequently doing those things which the mesmerist was desirous he should not do1 and not doing those things which the operator was desirous he should do4 ,as for the buffoonery begotten by mesmerism on phrenology1 this exhibition can scarcely be expected to provoke much astonishment1 or credence1 or comment1 except among professional artists themselves-- ',like ,katterfelto1 with their hair on end1 ,at their own wonders1 wondering for their bread6' ,the true explanation of mesmerism is to be found1 as we have said1 in the weakness or infatuation of human nature itself4 ,no other causes are at all necessary to account for the mesmeric prostration4 ,there is far more craziness1 both physical and moral1 in man than he usually gives himself credit for4 ,the reservoir of human folly may be in a great measure occult1 but it is always full2 and all that silliness1 whether of body or mind1 at any time wants1 is to get its cue4 ,these general remarks are of course more applicable to some individuals than they are to others4 ,in soft and weak natures1 where the nervous system is subject to cataleptic seizures1 mental and bodily prostration is frequently almost the normal condition4 ,such of our readers as may have frequented mesmeric exhibitions must have observed a kind of semi-humanity visible in the expression and demeanor of most of the subjects whom the professional operators carry about with them4 ,these poor creatures are at all times ready to imbibe the magnetic stupefaction1 because it is only by an effort that they are ever free from it4 ,there is always at work within them an occult tendency to self-abandonment--an unintentional proclivity to aberration1 imitation1 and deceit1 which only requires a signal to precipitate its morbid deposits4 ,this constitutional infirmity of body and of mind furnishes to the mesmerist a basis for his operations1 and is the source of all the wonders which he works4 ,it is only in the case of individuals who1 without being fatuous1 are hovering on the verge of fatuity1 that the magnetic phenomena and the mesmeric prostration can be admitted to be in any considerable degree real4 ,real to a certain extent they may be2 marvellous they certainly are not4 ,imbecility of the nervous system1 a ready abandonment of the will1 a facility in relinquishing every endowment which makes man human--these intelligible causes1 eked out by a vanity and cunning which are always inherent in natures of an inferior type1 are quite sufficient to account for the effects of the mesmeric manipulations on subjects of peculiar softness and pliancy4 ,in those persons of a better organized structure1 who yield themselves up to the mesmeric degradation1 the physical causes are less operative2 but the moral causes are still more influential4 ,in all cases the prostration is self-induced4 ,but in the subjects of whom we have spoken1 it is mainly induced by physical depravity1 although moral frailties concur to bring about the condition4 ,in persons of a superior type1 the condition is mainly due to moral causes1 although physical imbecility has some share in facilitating the result4 ,these people have much vanity1 much curiosity1 and much credulity1 together with a weak imagination--that is to say1 an imagination which is easily excited by circumstances which would produce no effect upon people of stronger imaginative powers4 ,their vanity shows itself in the desire to astonish others1 and get themselves talked about4 ,they think it rather creditable to be susceptible subjects4 ,it is a point in their favor6 ,their credulity and curiosity take the form of a powerful wish to be astonished themselves4 ,why should they be excluded from a land of wonders which others are permitted to enter8 ,the first step is now taken4 ,they are ready for the sacrifice1 which various motives concur to render agreeable4 ,they resign themselves passively1 mind and body1 into the hands of the manipulator2 and by his passes and grimaces1 they are cowed pleasurably1 bullied delightfully1 into so much of the condition which their inclinations are bent upon attaining1 as justifies them1 they think1 in laying claim to the whole condition1 without bringing them under the imputation of being downright impostors4 ,downright impostors they unquestionably are not4 ,we believe that their condition is frequently1 though to a very limited extent1 real4 ,we must also consider1 that1 in a matter of this kind1 which is so deeply imbued with the ridiculous1 a mesmeric patient may1 and doubtless often does1 justify to his own conscience a considerable deviation from the truth1 on the ground of waggery or hoaxing4 ,why should an audience1 which has the patience to put up with such spectacles1 not be fooled to the top of its bent8 ,,ii4 ,how1 then1 is the miserable nonsense to be disposed of8 ,it can only be put a stop to by the force of public opinion1 guided of course by reason and truth4 ,let it be announced from all authoritative quarters that the magnetic sensibility is only another name for an unsound condition of the mental and bodily functions--that it may be always accepted as an infallible index of the position which an individual occupies in the scale of humanity--that its manifestation 7when real7 invariably betokens a physique and a morale greatly below the average1 and a character to which no respect can be attached4 ,let this announcement--which is the undoubted truth--be made by all respectable organs of public opinion1 and by all who are in any way concerned in the diffusion of knowledge1 or in the instruction of the rising generation1 and the magnetic superstition will rapidly decline4 ,let this--the correct and scientific explanation of the phenomena--be understood and considered carefully by all young people of both sexes1 and the mesmeric ranks will be speedily thinned of their recruits4 ,our young friends who may have been entrapped into this infatuation by want of due consideration1 will be wiser for the future4 ,if they allow themselves to be experimented upon1 they will at any rate take care not to disgrace themselves by yielding to the follies to which they may be solicited both from within and from without2 and we are much mistaken if1 when they know what the penalty is1 they will abandon themselves to a disgusting condition which is characteristic only of the most abject specimens of our species4 ,a ,,story ,,without ,a ,,name4#a ,,written ,,for ,,the ,,international ,,monthly ,,magazine1 ,,by ,g4 ,p4 ,r4 ,,james1 ,,esq4 ,,chapter ,,xxxiv4 ,john ,ayliffe1 as we may now once more very righteously call him1 was seated in the great hall of the old house of the ,hastings family4 ,very different indeed was the appearance of that large chamber now from that which it had presented when ,sir ,philip ,hastings was in possession4 ,all the old1 solid1 gloomy-looking furniture1 which formerly had given it an air of baronial dignity1 and which ,sir ,philip had guarded as preciously as if every antique chair and knotted table had been an heir-loom1 was now removed1 and rich flaunting things of gaudy colors substituted4 ,damask1 and silk1 and velvet1 and gilt ornaments in the style of ,france1 were there in abundance1 and had it not been for the arches overhead1 and the stone walls and narrow windows around1 the old hall might have passed for the saloon of some newly-enriched financier of ,paris4 ,the young man sat at table alone--not that he was by any means fond of solitude1 for on the contrary he would have fain filled his house with company--but for some reason or another1 which he could not divine1 he found the old country gentlemen in the neighborhood somewhat shy of his society4 ,his wealth1 his ostentation1 his luxury--for he had begun his new career with tremendous vehemence--had no effect upon them4 ,they looked upon him as somewhat vulgar1 and treated him with mere cold1 supercilious civility as an upstart4 ,there was one gentleman of good family1 indeed1 at some distance1 who had hung a good deal about courts1 had withered and impoverished himself1 and reduced both his mind and his fortune in place-hunting1 and who had a large family of daughters1 to whom the society of ,john ,ayliffe was the more acceptable1 and who not unfrequently rode over and dined with him--nay1 took a bed at the ,hall4 ,but that day he had not been over1 and although upon the calculation of chances1 one might have augured two to one ,john ,ayliffe would ultimately marry one of the daughters1 yet at this period he was not very much smitten with any of them1 and was contemplating seriously a visit to ,london1 where he thought his origin would be unknown1 and his wealth would procure him every sort of enjoyment4 ,two servants were in the ,hall1 handing him the dishes4 ,well-cooked viands were on the table1 and rich wine4 ,every thing which ,john ,ayliffe in his sensual aspirations had anticipated from the possession of riches was there--except happiness1 and that was wanting4 ,to sit and feed1 and feel one's self a scoundrel--to drink deep draughts1 were it of nectar1 for the purpose of drowning the thought of our own baseness--to lie upon the softest bed1 and prop the head with the downiest pillow1 with the knowledge that all we possess is the fruit of crime1 can never give happiness--surely not1 even to the most depraved4 ,that eating and drinking1 however1 was now one of ,john ,ayliffe's chief resources--drinking especially4 ,he did not actually get intoxicated every night before he went to bed1 but he always drank to a sufficient excess to cloud his faculties1 to obfuscate his mind4 ,he rather liked to feel himself in that sort of dizzy state where the outlines of all objects become indistinct1 and thought itself puts on the same hazy aspect4 ,the servants had learned his habits already1 and were very willing to humor them2 for they derived their own advantage therefrom4 ,thus1 on the present occasion1 as soon as the meal was over1 and the dishes were removed1 and the dessert put upon the table--a dessert consisting principally of sweetmeats1 for which he had a great fondness1 with stimulants to thirst4 ,added to these were two bottles of the most potent wine in his cellar1 with a store of clean glasses1 and a jug of water1 destined to stand unmoved in the middle of the table4 ,after this process it was customary never to disturb him1 till1 with a somewhat wavering step1 he found his way up to his bedroom4 ,but on the night of which ,i am speaking1 ,john ,ayliffe had not finished his fourth glass after dinner1 and was in the unhappy stage1 which1 with some men1 precedes the exhilarating stage of drunkenness1 when the butler ventured to enter with a letter in his hand4 ,i beg pardon for intruding1 sir1 he said1 but ,mr4 ,cherrydew has sent up a man on horseback from ,hartwell with this letter1 because there is marked upon it1 'to be delivered with the greatest possible haste4' ,curse him6 exclaimed ,john ,ayliffe1 ,i wish he would obey the orders ,i give him4 ,why the devil does he plague me with letters at this time of night8--there1 give it to me1 and go away1 and taking the letter from the man's hand1 he threw it down on the table beside him1 as if it were not his intention to read it that night4 ,probably1 indeed1 it was not2 for he muttered as he looked at the address1 ,she wants more money1 ,i dare say1 to pay for some trash or another4 ,how greedy these women are4 ,the parson preached the other day about the horse-leech's daughter4 ,by ---- ,i think ,i have got the horse-leech's mother6 and he laughed stupidly1 not perceiving that1 the point of his sarcasm touched himself4 ,he drank another glass of wine1 and then looked at the letter again2 but at length1 after yet another glass1 curiosity got the better of his moodiness1 and he opened the epistle4 ,the first sight of the contents dispelled not only his indifference but the effects of the wine he had taken1 and he read the letter with an eager and a haggard eye4 ,the substance was as follows3 ,,my ,,dearest ,,boy3 ,all is lost and discovered4 ,i can but write you a very short account of the things that have been happening here1 for ,i am under what these people call the surveillance of the police4 ,i have got a few minutes1 however1 and ,i will pay the maid secretly to give this to the post4 ,never was such a time as ,i have had this morning4 ,four men have been here1 and among them ,atkinson1 who lived just down below at the cottage with the gray shutters4 ,he knew me in a minute1 and told everybody who ,i was4 ,but that is not the worst of it1 for they have got a commissioner of police with him--a terrible looking man1 who took as much snuff as ,mr4 ,jenkins1 the justice of peace4 ,they had got all sorts of information in ,england about me1 and you1 and every body1 and they came to me to give them more1 and cross-questioned me in a terrible manner2 and that ugly old ,commissioner1 in his black coat and great wig1 took my keys1 and opened all the drawers and places4 ,what could ,i do to stop them8 ,so they got all your letters to me2 because ,i could not bear to burn my dear boy's letters1 and that letter from old ,sir ,john to my poor father1 which ,i once showed you4 ,so when they got all these1 there was no use of trying to conceal it any more1 and1 besides1 they might have sent me to the ,bastile or the ,tower of ,london4 ,so every thing has come out1 and the best thing you can do is to take whatever money you have got1 or can get1 and run away as fast as possible1 and come over here and take me away4 ,one of them was as fine a man as ever ,i saw1 and quite gentleman1 though very severe4 ,pray1 my dear ,john1 don't lose a moment's time1 but run away before they catch you2 for they know every thing now1 depend upon it1 and nothing will stop them from hanging you or sending you to the colonies that you can do2 for they have got all the proofs1 and ,i could see by their faces that they wanted nothing more2 and if they do1 my heart will be quite broken1 that is1 if they hang you or send you to the colonies1 where you will have to work like a slave1 and a man standing over you with a whip1 beating your bare back very likely4 ,so run away1 and come to your afflicted mother4 ,she did not seem to have been quite sure what name to sign1 for she first put ,brown1 but then changed the word to ,hastings1 and then again to ,ayliffe4 ,there were two or three postscripts1 but they were of no great importance1 and ,john ,ayliffe did not take the trouble of reading them4 ,the terms he bestowed upon his mother--not in the secrecy of his heart1 but aloud and fiercely--were any thing but filial1 and his burst of rage lasted full five minutes before it was succeeded by the natural fear and trepidation which the intelligence he had received might well excite4 ,then1 however1 his terror became extreme4 ,the color1 usually high1 and now heightened both by rage and wine1 left his cheeks1 and1 as he read over some parts of his mother's letter again1 he trembled violently4 ,she has told all1 he repeated to himself1 she has told all--and most likely has added from his own fancy4 ,they have got all my letters too1 which the fool did not burn4 ,what did ,i say1 ,i wonder8 ,too much--too much1 ,i am sure4 ,heaven and earth1 what will come of it6 ,would to ,god ,i had not listened to that rascal ,shanks6 ,where should ,i go now for advice8 ,it must not be to him4 ,he would only betray and ruin me--make me the scape-goat--pretend that ,i had deceived him1 ,i dare say4 ,oh1 he is a precious villain1 and ,mrs4 ,hazleton knows that too well to trust him even with a pitiful mortgage--,mrs4 ,hazleton--,i will go to her4 ,she is always kind to me1 and she is devilish clever too--knows a good deal more than ,shanks if she did but understand the law--,i will go to her--she will tell me how to manage4 ,no time was to be lost4 ,ride as hard as he could it would take him more than an hour to reach ,mrs4 ,hazleton's house1 and it was already late4 ,he ordered a horse to be saddled instantly1 ran to his bedroom1 drew on his boots1 and then1 descending to the hall1 stood swearing at the slowness of the groom till the sound of hoofs made him run to the door4 ,in a moment he was in the saddle and away1 much to the astonishment of the servants1 who puzzled themselves a little as to what intelligence their young master could have received1 and then proceeded to console themselves according to the laws and ordinances of the servants' hall in such cases made and provided4 ,the wine he had left upon the table disappeared with great celerity1 and the butler1 who was a man of precision1 arrayed a good number of small silver articles and valuable trinkets in such a way as to be packed up and removed with great facility and secrecy4 ,in the meanwhile ,john ,ayliffe rode on at a furious pace1 avoiding a road which would have led him close by ,mr4 ,shanks's dwelling1 and reached ,mrs4 ,hazleton's door about nine o'clock4 ,that lady was sitting in a small room behind the drawing-room1 which ,i have already mentioned1 where ,john ,ayliffe was announced once more as ,sir ,john ,hastings4 ,but ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 in personal appearance at least1 was much changed since she was first introduced to the reader4 ,she was still wonderfully handsome4 ,she had still that indescribable air of calm1 high-bred dignity which we are often foolishly inclined to ascribe to noble feelings and a high heart2 but which--where it is not an art1 an acquirement--only indicates1 ,i am inclined to believe1 when it has any moral reference at all1 strength of character and great self-reliance4 ,but ,mrs4 ,hazleton was older--looked older a good deal--more so than the time which had passed would alone account for4 ,the passions of the last two or three years had worn her sadly1 and probably the struggle to conceal those passions had worn her as much4 ,nevertheless1 she had grown somewhat fat under their influence1 and a wrinkle here and there in the fair skin was contradicted by the plumpness of her figure4 ,she rose with quiet1 easy grace to meet her young guest1 and held out her hand to him1 saying1 ,really1 my dear ,sir ,john1 you must not pay me such late visits or ,i shall have scandal busying herself with my good name4 ,but even as she spoke she perceived the traces of violent agitation which had not yet departed from ,john ,ayliffe's visage1 and she added1 ,what is the matter8 ,has any thing gone wrong8 ,every thing is going to the devil1 ,i believe1 said ,john ,ayliffe1 as soon as the servant had closed the door4 ,they have found out my mother at ,st4 ,germain4 ,he paused there to see what effect this first intelligence would produce1 and it was very great2 for ,mrs4 ,hazleton well knew that upon the concealment of his mother's existence had depended one of the principal points in his suit against ,sir ,philip ,hastings4 ,what was going on in her mind1 however1 appeared not in her countenance4 ,she paused in silence1 indeed1 for a moment or two1 and then said in her sweet musical voice1 ,well1 ,sir ,john1 is that all8 ,enough too1 dear ,mrs4 ,hazleton6 replied the young man4 ,why you surely remember that it was judged absolutely necessary she should be supposed dead--you yourself said1 when we were talking of it1 ',send her to ,france4' ,don't you remember8 ,no ,i do not1 answered ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 thoughtfully2 and if ,i did it could only be intended to save the poor thing from all the torment of being cross-examined in a court of justice4 ,ay1 she has been cross-examined enough in ,france nevertheless1 said the young man bitterly1 and she has told every thing1 ,mrs4 ,hazleton--all that she knew1 and ,i dare say all that she guessed4 ,this news was somewhat more interesting than even the former2 it touched ,mrs4 ,hazleton personally to a certain extent1 for all that ,jane ,ayliffe knew and all that she guessed might comprise a great deal that ,mrs4 ,hazleton would not have liked the world to know or guess either4 ,she retained all her presence of mind however1 and replied quite quietly ,really1 ,sir ,john1 ,i cannot at all form a judgment of these things1 or give you either assistance or advice1 as ,i am anxious to do1 unless you explain the whole matter fully and clearly4 ,what has your mother done which seems to have affected you so much8 ,let me hear the whole details1 then ,i can judge and speak with some show of reason4 ,but calm yourself1 calm yourself1 my dear sir4 ,we often at the first glance of any unpleasant intelligence take fright1 and thinking the danger ten times greater than it really is1 run into worse dangers in trying to avoid it4 ,let me hear all1 ,i say1 and then ,i will consider what is to be done4 ,now ,mrs4 ,hazleton had already1 from what she had just heard1 determined precisely and entirely what she would do4 ,she had divined in an instant that the artful game in which ,john ,ayliffe had been engaged1 and in which she herself had taken a hand1 was played out1 and that he was the loser2 but it was a very important object with her to ascertain if possible how far she herself had been compromised by the revelations of ,mrs4 ,ayliffe4 ,this was the motive of her gentle questions2 for at heart she did not feel the least gentle4 ,on the other hand ,john ,ayliffe was somewhat angry4 ,all frightened people are angry when they find others a great deal less frightened than themselves4 ,drawing forth his mother's letter then1 he thrust it towards ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 almost rudely1 saying1 ,read that1 madam1 and you'll soon see all the details that you could wish for4 ,mrs4 ,hazleton did read it from end to end1 postscript and all1 and she saw with infinite satisfaction and delight1 that her own name was never once mentioned in the whole course of that delectable epistle4 ,as she read that part of the letter1 however1 in which ,mrs4 ,ayliffe referred to the very handsome gentlemanly man who had been one of her unwished for visitors1 ,mrs4 ,hazleton said within herself1 ,this is ,marlow2 ,marlow has done this6 and tenfold bitterness took possession of her heart4 ,she folded up the letter with neat propriety1 however1 and handed it back to ,john ,ayliffe1 saying1 in her very sweetest tones1 ,well1 ,i do not think this so very bad as you seem to imagine4 ,they have found out that your mother is still living1 and that is all4 ,they cannot make much of that4 ,not much of that6 exclaimed ,john ,ayliffe1 now nearly driven to frenzy1 what if they convict me of perjury for swearing she was dead8 ,did you swear she was dead8 exclaimed ,mrs4 ,hazleton with an exceedingly well assumed look of profound astonishment4 ,to be sure ,i did1 he answered4 ,why you proposed that she should be sent away yourself1 and ,shanks drew out the affidavit4 ,a mingled look of consternation and indignation came into ,mrs4 ,hazleton's beautiful face2 but before she could make any reply he went on1 thinking he had frightened her1 which was in itself a satisfaction and a sort of triumph4 ,ay1 that you did1 he said1 and not only that1 but you advanced me all the money to carry on the suit1 and ,i am told that that is punishable by law4 ,besides1 you knew quite well of the leaf being torn out of the register1 so we are in the same basket ,i can tell you1 ,mrs4 ,hazleton4 ,sir1 you insult me1 said the lady1 rising with an air of imperious dignity4 ,the charity which induced me to advance you different sums of money1 without knowing what they were to be applied to--and ,i can prove that some of them were applied to very different purposes than a suit at law--has been misunderstood1 ,i see4 ,had ,i advanced them to carry on this suit1 they would have been paid to your and my lawyer1 not to yourself4 ,not a word more1 if you please6 ,you have mistaken my character as well as my motives1 if you suppose that ,i will suffer you to remain here one moment after you have insulted me by the very thought that ,i was any sharer in your nefarious transactions4 ,she spoke in a loud shrill tone1 knowing that the servants were in the hall hard by1 and then she added1 ,save me the pain1 sir1 of ordering some of the men to put you out of the house by quitting it directly4 ,oh1 yes1 ,i will go1 ,i will go1 cried ,john ,ayliffe1 now quite maddened1 ,i will go to the devil1 and you too1 madam1 and he burst out of the room1 leaving the door open behind him4 ,i can compassionate misfortune1 cried ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 raising her voice to the very highest pitch for the benefit of others1 but ,i will have nothing to do with roguery and fraud1 and as she heard his horse's feet clatter over the terrace1 she heartily wished he might break his neck before he passed the park gates4 ,how far she was satisfied1 and how far she was not1 must be shown in another chapter4 ,,chapter ,,xxxv4 ,john ,ayliffe got out of the park gates quite safely1 though he rode down the slope covered with loose stones1 as if he had no consideration for his own neck or his horse's knees4 ,he was in a state of desperation1 however1 and feared little at that moment what became of himself or any thing else4 ,with fierce and angry eagerness he revolved in his own mind the circumstances of his situation1 the conduct of ,mrs4 ,hazleton1 the folly1 as he was pleased to term it1 of his mother1 the crimes which he had himself committed1 and he found no place of refuge in all the dreary waste of thought4 ,every thing around looked menacing and terrible1 and the world within was all dark and stormy4 ,he pushed his horse some way on the road which he had come1 but suddenly a new thought struck him4 ,he resolved to seek advice and aid from one whom he had previously determined to avoid4 ,i will go to ,shanks1 he said to himself1 he at least is in the same basket with myself4 ,he must work with me1 for if my mother has been fool enough to keep my letters1 ,i have been wise enough to keep his--perhaps something may be done after all4 ,if not1 he shall go along with me1 and we will try if we cannot bring that woman in too4 ,he can prove all her sayings and doings4 ,thus thinking1 he turned his horse's head towards the lawyer's house1 and rode as hard as he could go till he reached it4 ,mr4 ,shanks was enjoying life over a quiet comfortable bowl of punch in a little room which looked much more tidy and comfortable1 than it had done twelve or eighteen months before4 ,mr4 ,shanks had been well paid4 ,mr4 ,shanks had taken care of himself4 ,no small portion of back rents and costs had gone into the pockets of ,mr4 ,shanks4 ,mr4 ,shanks was all that he had ever desired to be1 an opulent man4 ,moreover1 he was one of those happily constituted mortals who knew the true use of wealth--to make it a means of enjoyment4 ,he had no scruples of conscience--not he4 ,he little cared how the money came1 so that it found its way into his pocket4 ,he was not a man to let his mind be troubled by any unpleasant remembrances2 for he had a maxim that every man's duty was to do the very best he could for his client1 and that every man's first client was himself4 ,he heard a horse stop at his door1 and having made up his mind to end the night comfortably1 to finish his punch and go to bed1 he might perhaps have been a little annoyed1 had he not consoled himself with the thought that the call must be upon business of importance1 and he had no idea of business of importance unconnected with that of a large fee4 ,to draw a will1 ,i'll bet any money1 said ,mr4 ,shanks to himself2 it is either old ,sir ,peter1 dying of indigestion1 and sent for me when he's no longer able to speak1 or ,john ,ayliffe broken his neck leaping over a five-barred gate--,john ,ayliffe1 bless us all1 ,sir ,john ,hastings ,i should have said4 ,but the natural voice of ,john ,ayliffe1 asking for him in a loud impatient tone1 dispelled these visions of his fancy1 and in another moment the young man was in the room4 ,ah1 ,sir ,john1 very glad to see you1 very glad to see you1 said ,mr4 ,shanks1 shaking his visitor's hand1 and knocking out the ashes of his pipe upon the hob2 just come in pudding time1 my dear sir--just in time for a glass of punch--bring some more lemons and some sugar1 ,betty4 ,a glass of punch will do you good4 ,it is rather cold to-night4 ,as hot as h--l1 answered ,john ,ayliffe1 sharply2 but ,i'll have the punch notwithstanding1 and he seated himself while the maid proceeded to fulfil her master's orders4 ,mr4 ,shanks evidently saw that something had gone wrong with his young and distinguished client1 but anticipating no evil1 he was led to consider whether it was any thing referring to a litter of puppies1 a favorite horse1 a fire at the hall1 a robbery1 or a want of some more ready money4 ,at length1 however1 the fresh lemons and sugar were brought1 and the door closed1 before which time ,john ,ayliffe had helped himself to almost all the punch which he had found remaining in the bowl4 ,it was not much1 but it was strong1 and ,mr4 ,shanks applied himself to the preparation of some more medicine of the same sort4 ,john ,ayliffe suffered him to finish before he said any thing to disturb him1 not from any abstract reverence for the office which ,mr4 ,shanks was fulfilling1 or for love of the beverage he was brewing1 but simply because ,john ,ayliffe began to find that he might as well consider his course a little4 ,consideration seldom served him very much1 and in the present instance1 after he had labored hard to find out the best way of breaking the matter1 his impetuosity as usual got the better of him1 and he thrust his mother's letter into ,mr4 ,shanks's hand1 out of which as a preliminary he took the ladle and helped himself to another glass of punch4 ,the consternation of ,mr4 ,shanks1 as he read ,mrs4 ,ayliffe's letter1 stood out in strong opposition to ,mrs4 ,hazleton's sweet calmness4 ,he was evidently as much terrified as his client2 for ,mr4 ,shanks did not forget that he had written ,mrs4 ,ayliffe two letters since she was abroad1 and as she had kept her son's epistles1 ,mr4 ,shanks argued that it was very likely she had kept his also4 ,their contents1 taken alone1 might amount to very little1 but looked at in conjunction with other circumstances might amount to a great deal4 ,true1 ,mr4 ,shanks had avoided1 as far as he could1 any discussions in regard to the more delicate secrets of his profession in the presence of ,mrs4 ,ayliffe1 of whose discretion he was not as firmly convinced as he could have desired2 but it was not always possible to do so1 especially when he had been obliged to seek ,john ,ayliffe in haste at her house2 and now the memories of many long and dangerous conversations which had occurred in her presence1 spread themselves out before his eyes in a regular row1 like items on the leaves of a ledger4 ,good ,god6 he cried1 what has she done8 ,every thing she ought not to have done1 of course6 replied ,john ,ayliffe1 replenishing his glass1 but the question now is1 ,shanks1 what are we to do8 ,that is the great question just now4 ,it is indeed1 answered ,mr4 ,shanks1 in great agitation2 this is very awkward1 very awkward indeed4 ,i know that1 answered ,john ,ayliffe1 laconically4 ,well but1 sir1 what is to be done8 asked ,mr4 ,shanks1 fidgeting uneasily about the table4 ,that is what ,i come to ask you1 not to tell you1 answered the young man2 you see1 ,shanks1 you and ,i are exactly in the same case1 only ,i have more to lose than you have4 ,but whatever happens to me will happen to you1 depend upon it4 ,i am not going to be the only one1 whatever ,mrs4 ,hazleton may think4 ,shanks caught at ,mrs4 ,hazleton's name2 ,ay1 that's a good thought1 he said1 we had better go and consult her4 ,let us put our three heads together1 and we may beat them yet--perhaps4 ,no use of going to her1 answered ,john ,ayliffe1 bitterly2 ,i have been to her1 and she is a thorough vixen4 ,she cried off having any thing to do with me1 and when ,i just told her quietly that she ought to help me out of the scrape because she had a hand in getting me into it1 she flew at my throat like a terrier bitch with a litter of puppies1 barked me out of the house as if ,i had been a beggar1 and called me almost rogue and swindler in the hearing of her own servants4 ,mr4 ,shanks smiled--he could not refrain from smiling with a feeling of admiration and respect1 even in that moment of bitter apprehension1 at the decision1 skill1 and wisdom of ,mrs4 ,hazleton's conduct4 ,he approved of her highly2 but he perceived quite plainly that it would not do for him to play the same game4 ,a hope--a feeble hope--light through a loop-hole1 came in upon him in regard to the future1 suggested by ,mrs4 ,hazleton's conduct4 ,he thought that if he could but clear away some difficulties1 he too might throw all blame upon ,john ,ayliffe1 and shovel the load of infamy from his own shoulders to those of his client2 but to effect this1 it was not only necessary that he should soothe ,john ,ayliffe1 but that he should provide for his safety and escape4 ,recriminations he was aware were very dangerous things1 and that unless a man takes care that it shall not be in the power or for the interest of a fellow rogue to say tu quoque1 the effort to place the burden on his shoulders only injures him without making our own case a bit better4 ,it was therefore requisite for his purposes that he should deprive ,john ,ayliffe of all interest or object in criminating him2 but foolish knaves are very often difficult to deal with1 and he knew his young client to be eminent in that class4 ,wishing for a little time to consider1 he took occasion to ask one or two meaningless questions1 without at all attending to the replies4 ,when did this letter arrive here8 he inquired4 ,this very night1 answered ,john ,ayliffe1 not three hours ago4 ,do you think she has really told all8 asked ,mr4 ,shanks4 ,all1 and a great deal more1 replied the young man4 ,how long has she been at ,st4 ,germain8 said the lawyer4 ,what the devil does that signify8 said ,john ,ayliffe1 growing impatient4 ,a great deal1 a great deal1 replied ,mr4 ,shanks1 sagely4 ,take some more punch4 ,you see perhaps we can prove that you and ,i really thought her dead at the time the affidavit was made4 ,devilish difficult that1 said ,john ,ayliffe1 taking the punch4 ,she wrote to me about some more money just at that time1 and ,i was obliged to answer her letter and send it1 so that if they have got the letters that won't pass4 ,we'll try at least1 said ,mr4 ,shanks in a bolder tone4 ,ay1 but in trying we may burn our fingers worse than ever1 said the young man4 ,i do not want to be tried for perjury and conspiracy1 and sent to the colonies with the palm of my hand burnt out1 whatever you may do1 ,shanks4 ,no1 no1 that would never do1 replied the lawyer4 ,the first thing to be done1 my dear ,sir ,john1 is to provide for your safety1 and that can only be done by your getting out of the way for a time4 ,it is very natural that a young gentleman of fortune like yourself should go to travel1 and not at all unlikely that he should do so without letting any one know where he is for a few months4 ,that will be the best plan for you--you must go and travel4 ,they can't well be on the look-out for you yet1 and you can get away quite safely to-morrow morning4 ,you need not say where you are going1 and by that means you will save both yourself and the property too2 for they can't proceed against you in any way when you are absent4 ,john ,ayliffe was not sufficiently versed in the laws of the land to perceive that ,mr4 ,shanks was telling him a falsehood4 ,that's a good thought1 he said2 if ,i can live abroad and keep hold of the rents we shall be safe enough4 ,certainly1 certainly1 said ,mr4 ,shanks1 that is the only plan4 ,then let them file their bills1 or bring their actions or what not4 ,they cannot compel you to answer if you are not within the realm4 ,mr4 ,shanks was calling him all the time1 in his own mind1 a jolter-headed ass1 but ,john ,ayliffe did not perceive it1 and replied with a touch of good feeling1 perhaps inspired by the punch1 ,but what is to become of you1 ,shanks8 ,oh1 ,i will stay and face it out1 replied the lawyer1 with a bold front4 ,if we do not peach of each other they cannot do much against us4 ,mrs4 ,hazleton dare not commit us1 for by so doing she would commit herself2 and your mother's story will not avail very much4 ,as to the letters1 which is the worst part of the business1 we must try and explain those away2 but clearly the first thing for you to do is to get out of ,england as soon as possible4 ,you can go and see your mother secretly1 and if you can but get her to prevaricate a little in her testimony it will knock it all up4 ,oh1 she'll prevaricate enough if they do but press her hard1 said ,john ,ayliffe4 ,she gets so frightened at the least thing she does'nt know what she says4 ,but the worst of it is1 ,shanks1 ,i have not got money enough to go4 ,i have not got above a hundred guineas in the house4 ,mr4 ,shanks paused and hesitated4 ,it was a very great object with him to get ,john ,ayliffe out of the country1 in order that he might say any thing he liked of ,john ,ayliffe when his back was turned1 but it was also a very great object with him to keep all the money he had got4 ,he did not like to part with one sixpence of it4 ,after a few moments' thought1 however1 he recollected that a thousand pounds' worth of plate had come down from ,london for the young man within the last two months1 and he thought he might make a profitable arrangement4 ,i have got three hundred pounds in the house1 he said1 all in good gold1 but ,i can really hardly afford to part with it4 ,however1 rather than injure you1 ,sir ,john1 ,i will let you have it if you will give me the custody of your plate till your return1 just that ,i may have something to show if any one presses me for money4 ,the predominant desire of ,john ,ayliffe's mind1 at that moment1 was to get out of ,england as fast as possible1 and he was too much blinded by fear and anxiety to perceive that the great desire of ,mr4 ,shanks was to get him out4 ,but there was one impediment4 ,the sum of four hundred pounds thus placed at his command would1 some years before1 have appeared the ,indies to him1 but now1 with vastly expanded ideas with regard to expense1 it seemed a drop of water in the ocean4 ,three hundred pounds4 ,shanks1 he said1 what's the use of three hundred pounds8 ,it would not keep me a month4 ,god bless my soul6 said ,mr4 ,shanks1 horrified at such a notion1 why it would keep me a whole year1 and more too4 ,moreover1 things are cheaper there than they are here2 and besides you have got all those jewels1 and knick-knacks1 and things1 which cost you at least a couple of thousand pounds4 ,they would sell for a great deal4 ,come1 come1 ,shanks1 said the young man1 you must make it five hundred guineas4 ,i know you've got them in your strong box here4 ,shanks shook his head1 and ,john ,ayliffe added sullenly1 ,then ,i'll stay and fight it out too4 ,i won't go and be a beggar in a foreign land4 ,shanks did not like the idea of his staying1 and after some farther discussion a compromise was effected4 ,mr4 ,shanks agreed to advance four hundred pounds4 ,john ,ayliffe was to make over to him1 as a pledge1 the whole of his plate1 and not to object to a memorandum to that effect being drawn up immediately1 and dated a month before4 ,the young man was to set off the very next day1 in the pleasant gray of the morning1 driving his own carriage and horses1 which he was to sell as soon as he got a convenient distance from his house1 and ,mr4 ,shanks was to take the very best possible care of his interests during his absence4 ,john ,ayliffe's spirits rose at the conclusion of this transaction4 ,he calculated that with one thing or another he should have sufficient money to last him a year1 and that was quite as far as his thoughts or expectations went4 ,a long1 long year6 ,what does youth care for any thing beyond a year8 ,it seems the very end of life to pant in expectation1 and indeed1 and in truth1 it is very often too long for fate4 ,next year ,i will--,pause1 young man6 there is a deep pitfall in the way4 ,between you and another year may be death4 ,next year thou wilt do nothing--thou wilt be nothing4 ,his spirits rose4 ,he put the money into his pocket1 and1 with more wit than he thought1 called it light heaviness1 and then he sat down and smoked a pipe1 while ,mr4 ,shanks drew up the paper2 and then he drank punch1 and made more1 and drank that too1 so that when the paper giving ,mr4 ,shanks a lien upon the silver was completed1 and when a dull neighbor had been called in to see him sign his name1 it needed a witness indeed to prove that that name was ,john ,ayliffe's writing4 ,by this time he would very willingly have treated the company to a song1 so complete had been the change which punch and new prospects had effected2 but ,mr4 ,shanks besought him to be quiet1 hinting that the neighbor1 though as deaf as a post and blind as a mole1 would think him as the celebrated sow of the psalmist4 ,thereupon ,john ,ayliffe went forth and got his horse out of the stable1 mounted upon his back1 and rode lolling at a sauntering pace through the end of the town in which ,mr4 ,shanks's house was situated4 ,when he got more into the country he began to trot1 then let the horse fall into a walk again1 and then he beat him for going slow4 ,thus alternately galloping1 walking1 and trotting1 he rode on till he was two or three hundred yards past the gates of what was called the ,court1 where the family of ,sir ,philip ,hastings now lived4 ,it was rather a dark part of the road1 and there was something white in the hedge--some linen put out to dry1 or a milestone4 ,john ,ayliffe was going at a quick pace at that moment1 and the horse suddenly shied at this white apparition--not only shied1 but started1 wheeled round1 and ran back4 ,john ,ayliffe kept his seat1 notwithstanding his tipsiness1 but he struck the furious horse over the head1 and pulled the rein violently4 ,the animal plunged--reared--the young man gave the rein a furious tug1 and over went the horse upon the road1 with his driver under him4 ,,chapter ,,xxxvi4 ,there was a man lay upon the road in the darkness of the night for some five or six minutes1 and a horse galloped away snorting1 with a broken bridle hanging at his head1 on the way towards the park of ,sir ,philip ,hastings4 ,had any carriage come along1 the man who was lying there must have been run over2 for the night was exceedingly dark1 and the road narrow4 ,all was still and silent1 however4 ,no one was seen moving--not a sound was heard except the distant clack of a water-mill which lay further down the valley4 ,there was a candle in a cottage window at about a hundred yards' distance1 which shot a dim and feeble ray athwart the road1 but shed no light on the spot where the man lay4 ,at the end of about six minutes1 a sort of convulsive movement showed that life was not yet extinct in his frame--a sort of heave of the chest1 and a sudden twitch of the arm2 and a minute or two after1 ,john ,ayliffe raised himself on his elbow1 and put his hand to his head4 ,curse the brute1 he said1 in a wandering sort of way1 ,i wonder1 ,shanks1 you don't--damn it1 where am ,i8--what's the matter8 ,my side and leg are cursed sore1 and my head all running round4 ,he remained in the same position for a moment or two more1 and then got upon his feet2 but the instant he did so he fell to the ground again with a deep groan1 exclaiming1 ,by ----1 my leg's broken1 and ,i believe my ribs too4 ,how the devil shall ,i get out of this scrape8 ,here ,i may lie and die1 without any body ever coming near me4 ,that is old ,jenny ,best's cottage1 ,i believe4 ,i wonder if ,i could make the old canting wretch hear1 and he raised his voice to shout1 but the pain was too great4 ,his ribs were indeed broken1 and pressing upon his lungs1 and all that he could do was to lie still and groan4 ,about a quarter of an hour after1 however1 a stout1 middle-aged man--rather1 perhaps1 in the decline of life--came by1 carrying a hand-basket1 plodding at a slow and weary pace as if he had had a long walk4 ,who's that8 ,is any one there8 said a feeble voice1 as he approached2 and he ran up1 exclaiming1 ,gracious me1 what is the matter8 ,are you hurt1 sir8 ,what has happened8 ,is that you1 ,best8 said the feeble voice of ,john ,ayliffe1 my horse has reared and fallen over with me4 ,my leg is broken1 and the bone poking through1 and my ribs are broken too1 ,i think4 ,stay a minute1 ,sir ,john1 said the good countryman1 and ,i'll get help1 and we'll carry you up to the ,hall4 ,no1 no1 answered ,john ,ayliffe1 who had now had time for thought1 get a mattress1 or a door1 or something1 and carry me into your cottage4 ,if your son is at home1 he and you can carry me4 ,don't send for strangers4 ,i dare say he is at home1 sir1 replied the man4 ,he's a good lad1 sir1 and comes home as soon as his work's done4 ,i will go and see4 ,i won't be a minute4 ,he was as good as his word1 and in less than a minute returned with his son1 bringing a lantern and a straw mattress4 ,not without inflicting great pain1 and drawing forth many a heavy groan1 the old man and the young one placed ,john ,ayliffe on the paliasse1 and carried him into the cottage1 where he was laid upon young ,best's bed in the back room4 ,good ,jenny ,best1 as ,john ,ayliffe had called her--an excellent creature as ever lived--was all kindness and attention1 although to say truth the suffering man had not shown any great kindness to her and hers in his days of prosperity4 ,she was eager to send off her son immediately for the surgeon1 and did so in the end2 but to the surprise of the whole of the little cottage party1 it was not without a great deal of reluctance and hesitation that ,john ,ayliffe suffered this to be done4 ,they showed him1 however1 that he must die or lose his limb if surgical assistance was not immediately procured1 and he ultimately consented1 but told the young man repeatedly not to mention his name even to the surgeon on any account1 but simply to say that a gentleman had been thrown by his horse1 and brought into the cottage with his thigh broken4 ,he cautioned father and mother too not to mention the accident to any one till he was well again1 alluding vaguely to reasons that he had for wishing to conceal it4 ,but1 ,sir ,john1 replied ,best himself1 your horse will go home1 depend upon it1 and your servants will not know where you are1 and there will be a fuss about you all over the country4 ,well1 then1 let them make a fuss1 said ,john ,ayliffe1 impatiently4 ,i don't care--,i will not have it mentioned4 ,all this seemed very strange to the good man and his wife1 but they could only open their eyes and stare1 without venturing farther to oppose the wishes of their guest4 ,it seemed a very long time before the surgeon made his appearance1 but at length the sound of a horse's feet coming fast1 could be distinguished1 and two minutes after the surgeon was in the room4 ,he was a very good man1 though not the most skilful of his profession1 and he was really shocked and confounded when he saw the state of ,sir ,john ,hastings1 as he called him4 ,wanting confidence in himself1 he would fain have sent off immediately for farther assistance1 but ,john ,ayliffe would not hear of such a thing1 and the good man went to work to set the broken limb as best he might1 and relieve the anguish of the sufferer4 ,so severe1 however1 were the injuries which had been received1 that notwithstanding a strong constitution1 as yet but little impaired by debauchery1 the patient was given over by the surgeon in his own mind from the first4 ,he remained with him1 watching him all night1 which passed nearly without sleep on the part of ,john ,ayliffe2 and in the course of the long waking hours he took an opportunity of enjoining secrecy upon the surgeon as to the accident which had happened to him1 and the place where he was lying4 ,not less surprised was the worthy man than the cottager and his wife had been at the young gentleman's exceeding anxiety for concealment1 and as his licentious habits were no secret in the country round1 they all naturally concluded that the misfortune which had overtaken him had occurred in the course of some adventure more dangerous and disgraceful than usual4 ,towards morning ,john ,ayliffe fell into a sort of semi-sleep1 restless and perturbed1 speaking often without reason having guidance of his words1 and uttering many things which1 though disjointed and often indistinct1 showed the good man who had watched by him that the mind was as much affected as the body4 ,he woke confused and wandering about eight o'clock1 but speedily returned to consciousness of his situation1 and insisted1 notwithstanding the pain he was suffering1 upon examining the money which was in his pockets to see that it was all right4 ,vain precaution6 ,he was never destined to need it more4 ,shortly after the surgeon left him1 but returned at night again to watch by his bedside4 ,the bodily symptoms which he now perceived would have led him to believe that a cure was possible1 but there was a deep depression of mind1 a heavy irritable sombreness1 from the result of which the surgeon augured much evil4 ,he saw that there was some terrible weight upon the young man's heart1 but whether it was fear or remorse or disappointment he could not tell1 and more than once he repeated to himself1 ,he wants a priest as much as a physician4 ,again the surgeon would often argue with himself in regard to the propriety of telling him the very dangerous state in which he was4 ,he may at any time become delirious1 he said1 and lose all power of making those dispositions and arrangements which1 ,i dare say1 have never been thought of in the time of health and prosperity4 ,then1 again1 his house and all that it contains is left entirely in the hands of servants--a bad set too1 as ever existed1 who are just as likely to plunder and destroy as not2 but on the other hand1 if ,i tell him it may only increase his dejection and cut off all hope of recovery4 ,really ,i do not know what to do4 ,perhaps it would be better to wait awhile1 and if ,i should see more unfavorable symptoms and no chance left1 it will then be time enough to tell him his true situation and prepare his mind for the result4 ,another restless1 feverish night passed1 another troubled sleep towards morning1 and then ,john ,ayliffe woke with a start1 exclaiming1 ,you did not tell them ,i was here--lying here unable to stir1 unable to move--,i told you not1 ,i told you not4 ,by ---- and then he looked round1 and seeing none but the surgeon in the room1 relapsed into silence4 ,the surgeon felt his pulse1 examined the bandages1 and saw that a considerable and unfavorable change had taken place2 but yet he hesitated4 ,he was one of those men who shrink from the task of telling unpleasant truths4 ,he was of a gentle and a kindly disposition1 which even the necessary cruelties of surgery had not been able to harden4 ,he may say what he likes1 he said1 ,i must have some advice as to how ,i should act4 ,i will go and talk with the parson about the matter4 ,though a little lacking in the knowledge of the world1 yet ,dixwell is a good man and a sincere ,christian4 ,i will see him as ,i go home1 but make him promise secrecy in the first place1 as this young baronet is so terribly afraid of the unfortunate affair being known4 ,he will die1 ,i am afraid1 and that before very long1 and ,i am sure he is not in a fit state for death4 ,with this resolution he said some soothing words to his patient1 gave him what he called a composing draught1 and sent for his horse from a neighboring farm-house1 where he had lodged it for the night4 ,he then rode at a quiet1 thoughtful pace to the parsonage house at the gates of the park1 and quickly walked in4 ,mr4 ,dixwell was at breakfast1 reading slowly one of the broad sheets of the day as an especial treat1 for they seldom found their way into his quiet rectory2 but he was very glad to see the surgeon1 with whom he often contrived to have a pleasant little chat in regard to the affairs of the neighborhood4 ,ah1 ,mr4 ,short1 very glad to see you1 my good friend4 ,how go things in your part of the world8 ,we are rather in a little bustle here1 though ,i think it is no great matter4 ,what is it1 ,mr4 ,dixwell8 asked the surgeon4 ,only that wild young man1 ,sir ,john ,hastings1 said the clergyman1 left his house suddenly on horseback the night before last1 and has never returned4 ,but he is accustomed to do all manner of strange things1 and has often been out two or three nights before without any one knowing where he was4 ,the butler came down and spoke to me about it1 but ,i think there was a good deal of affectation in his alarm1 for when ,i asked him he owned his master had once been away for a whole week4 ,has his horse come back8 asked the surgeon4 ,not that ,i know of1 replied ,mr4 ,dixwell4 ,i suppose the man would have mentioned it if such had been the case4 ,but what is going on at ,hartwell8 ,nothing particular1 said the surgeon1 only ,mrs4 ,harrison brought to bed of twins on ,saturday night at twenty minutes past eleven4 ,i think all those ,harrisons have twins--but ,i have something to talk to you about1 my good friend1 a sort of case of conscience ,i want to put to you4 ,only you must promise me profound secrecy4 ,mr4 ,dixwell laughed--,what1 under the seal of confession8 he said4 ,well1 well1 ,i am no papist1 as you know1 ,short1 but ,i'll promise and do better than any papist does1 keep my word when ,i have promised without mental reservation4 ,i know you will1 my good friend1 answered the surgeon1 and this is no jesting matter1 ,i can assure you4 ,now listen1 my good friend1 listen4 ,not many evenings ago1 ,i was sent for suddenly to attend a young man who had met with an accident1 a very terrible accident too4 ,he had a compound fracture of the thigh1 three of his ribs broken1 and his head a good deal knocked about1 but the cranium uninjured4 ,i had at first tolerable hope of his recovery2 but he is getting much worse and ,i fear that he will die4 ,well1 you can't help that1 said ,mr4 ,dixwell1 men will die in spite of all you can do1 ,short1 just as they will sin in spite of all ,i can say4 ,ay1 there's the rub1 said the surgeon4 ,i fear he has sinned a very tolerably sufficient quantity1 and ,i can see that there is something or another weighing very heavy on his mind1 which is even doing great harm to his body4 ,i will go and see him1 ,i will go and see him1 said ,mr4 ,dixwell1 it will do him good in all ways to unburden his conscience1 and to hear the comfortable words of the gospel4 ,but the case is1 ,mr4 ,dixwell1 said ,short1 that he has positively forbidden me to let any of his friends know where he lies1 or to speak of the accident to any one4 ,pooh1 nonsense1 said the clergyman1 if a man has fractured his skull and you thought it fit to trepan him1 would you ask him whether he liked it or not8 ,if the young man is near death1 and his conscience is burdened1 ,i am the physician who should be sent for rather than you4 ,i fancy his conscience is burdened a good deal1 said ,mr4 ,short1 thoughtfully2 nay1 ,i cannot help thinking that he was engaged in some very bad act at the time this happened1 both from his anxiety to conceal from every body where he now lies1 and from various words he has dropped1 sometimes in his sleep1 sometimes when waking confused and half delirious4 ,what puzzles me is1 whether ,i should tell him his actual situation or not4 ,tell him1 tell him by all means1 said ,mr4 ,dixwell1 why should you not tell him8 ,simply because ,i think that it will depress his mind still more1 replied the surgeon1 and that may tend to deprive him even of the very small chance that exists of recovery4 ,the soul is of more value than the body1 replied the clergyman1 earnestly2 if he be the man you depict1 my friend1 he should have as much time as possible to prepare--he should have time to repent--ay1 and to atone4 ,tell him by all means1 or let me know where he is to be found1 and ,i will tell him4 ,that ,i must not do1 said ,mr4 ,short1 for ,i am under a sort of promise not to tell2 but if you really think that ,i ought to tell him myself1 ,i will go back and do it4 ,if ,i really think6 exclaimed ,mr4 ,dixwell1 ,i have not the slightest doubt of it4 ,it is your bounden duty if you be a ,christian4 ,not only tell him1 my good friend1 but urge him strongly to send for some minister of religion4 ,though friends may fail him1 and he may not wish to see them--though all worldly supports may give way beneath him1 and he may find no strengthening--though all earthly hopes may pass away1 and give him no mortal cheer1 the gospel of ,christ can never fail to support1 and strengthen1 and comfort1 and elevate4 ,the sooner he knows that his tenement of clay is falling to the dust of which it was raised1 the better will be his readiness to quit it1 and it is wise1 most wise1 to shake ourselves free altogether from the dust and crumbling ruins of this temporal state1 ere they fall upon our heads and bear us down to the same destruction as themselves4 ,well1 well1 ,i will go back and tell him1 said ,mr4 ,short1 and bidding the good rector adieu1 he once more mounted his horse and rode away4 ,now ,mr4 ,dixwell was an excellent good man1 but he was not without certain foibles1 especially those that sometimes accompany considerable simplicity of character4 ,i will see which way he takes1 said ,mr4 ,dixwell1 and go and visit the young man myself if ,i can find him out2 and accordingly he marched up stairs to his bedroom1 which commanded a somewhat extensive prospect of the country1 and traced the surgeon1 as he trotted slowly and thoughtfully along4 ,he could not actually see the cottage of the ,bests1 but he perceived that the surgeon there passed over the brow of the hill1 and after waiting for several minutes1 he did not catch any horseman rising upon the opposite slope over which the road was continued4 ,now there was no cross road in the hollow and only three houses1 and therefore ,mr4 ,dixwell naturally concluded that to one of those three houses the surgeon had gone4 ,in the mean while1 ,mr4 ,short rode on unconscious that his movements were observed1 and meditating with a troubled mind upon the best means of conveying the terrible intelligence he had to communicate4 ,he did not like the task at all2 but yet he resolved to perform it manfully1 and dismounting at the cottage door1 he went in again4 ,there was nobody within but the sick man and good old ,jenny ,best4 ,the old woman was at the moment in the outer room1 and when she saw the surgeon she shook her head1 and said in a low voice1 ,ah1 dear1 ,i am glad you have come back again1 sir1 he does not seem right at all4 ,who's that8 said the voice of ,john ,ayliffe2 and going in1 ,mr4 ,short closed the doors between the two rooms4 ,there1 don't shut that door1 said ,john ,ayliffe1 it is so infernally close--,i don't feel at all well1 ,mr4 ,short--,i don't know what's the matter with me4 ,it's just as if ,i had got no heart4 ,i think a glass of brandy would do me good4 ,it would kill you1 said the surgeon4 ,well1 said the young man1 ,i'm not sure that would not be best for me--come1 he continued sharply1 tell me how long ,i am to lie here on my back8 ,that ,i cannot tell1 ,sir ,john1 replied the surgeon1 but at all events1 supposing that you do recover1 and that every thing goes well1 you could not hope to move for two or three months4 ,supposing ,i was to recover6 repeated ,john ,ayliffe in a low tone1 as if the idea of approaching death had then1 for the first time1 struck him as something real and tangible1 and not a mere name4 ,he paused silently for an instant1 and then asked almost fiercely1 what brought you back8 ,why1 ,sir ,john1 ,i thought it might be better for us to have a little conversation1 said the surgeon4 ,i can't help being afraid1 ,sir ,john1 that you may have a great number of things to settle1 and that not anticipating such a very severe accident1 your affairs may want a good deal of arranging4 ,now the event of all sickness is uncertain1 and an accident such as this especially4 ,it is my duty to inform you1 he continued1 rising in resolution and energy as he proceeded1 that your case is by no means free from danger--very great danger indeed4 ,do you mean to say that ,i am dying8 asked ,john ,ayliffe1 in a hoarse voice4 ,no1 no1 not exactly dying1 said the surgeon1 putting his hand upon his pulse1 not dying ,i trust just yet1 but-- ,but ,i shall die1 you mean8 cried the other4 ,i think it not at all improbable1 answered the surgeon1 gravely1 that the case may have a fatal result4 ,curse fatal results1 cried ,john ,ayliffe1 giving way to a burst of fury2 why the devil do you come back to tell me such things and make me wretched8 ,if ,i am to die1 why can't you let me die quietly and know nothing about it8 ,why1 ,sir ,john1 ,i thought that you might have many matters to settle1 answered the surgeon somewhat irritated1 and that your temporal and your spiritual welfare also required you should know your real situation4 ,spiritual d----d nonsense6 exclaimed ,john ,ayliffe1 furiously2 ,i dare say it's all by your folly and stupidity that ,i am likely to die at all4 ,why ,i hear of men breaking their legs and their ribs every day and being none the worse for it4 ,why1 ,sir ,john1 if you do not like my advice you need not have it1 answered the surgeon2 ,i earnestly wished to send for other assistance1 and you would not let me4 ,there1 go away1 go away and leave me1 said ,john ,ayliffe2 but as the surgeon took up his hat and walked towards the door1 he added1 come again at night4 ,you shall be well paid for it1 never fear4 ,mr4 ,short made no reply1 but walked out of the room4 ,,chapter ,,xxxvii4 ,solitude and silence1 and bitter thought are great tamers of the human heart4 ,as ye sow1 so shall ye reap1 says the ,apostle1 and ,john ,ayliffe was now forced to put in the sickle4 ,death was before his eyes1 looming large and dark and terrible1 like the rock of adamant in the fairy tale1 against which the bark of the adventurous mariner was sure to be dashed4 ,death for the first time presented itself to his mind in all its grim reality4 ,previously it had seemed with him a thing hardly worth considering--inevitable--appointed to all men--to every thing that lives and breathes--no more to man than to the sheep1 or the ox1 or any other of the beasts that perish4 ,he had contemplated it merely as death--as the extinction of being--as the goal of a career--as the end of a chase where one might lie down and rest1 and forget the labor and the clamor and the trouble of the course4 ,he had never in thought looked beyond the boundary--he had hardly asked himself if there was aught beyond4 ,he had satisfied himself by saying1 as so many men do1 ,every man must die some time or another1 and had never asked his own heart1 ,what is it to die8 ,but now death presented itself under a new aspect2 cold and stern1 relentless and mysterious1 saying in a low solemn tone1 ,i am the guide4 ,follow me there4 ,whither ,i lead thou knowest not1 nor seest what shall befall thee4 ,the earth-worm and the mole fret but the earthly garment of the man2 the flesh1 and the bones1 and the beauty go down to dust1 and ashes1 and corruption4 ,the man comes with me to a land undeclared--to a presence infinitely awful--to judgment and to fate2 for on this side of the dark portal through which ,i am the guide1 there is no such thing as fate4 ,it lies beyond the grave1 and thither thou must come without delay4 ,he had heard of immortality1 but he had never thought of it4 ,he had been told of another world1 but he had never rightly believed in it4 ,the thought of a just judge1 and of an eternal doom1 had been presented to him in many shapes1 but he had never received it2 and he had lived and acted1 and thought and felt1 as if there were neither eternity1 nor judgment1 nor punishment4 ,but in that dread hour the deep-rooted1 inexplicable conviction of a ,god and immortality1 implanted in the hearts of all men1 and only crushed down in the breasts of any by the dust of vanity and the lumber of the world1 rose up and bore its fruits according to the soil4 ,they were all bitter4 ,if there were another life1 a judgment1 an eternity of weal or woe1 what was to be his fate8 ,how should he meet the terrors of the judgment-seat--he who had never prayed from boyhood--he who through life had never sought ,god--he who had done in every act something that conscience reproved1 and that religion forbade8 ,every moment as he lay there and thought1 the terrors of the vast unbounded future grew greater and more awful4 ,the contemplation almost drove him to frenzy1 and he actually made an effort to rise from his bed1 but fell back again with a deep groan4 ,the sound caught the ear of good ,jenny ,best1 and running in she asked if he wanted any thing4 ,stay with me1 stay with me1 said the unhappy young man1 ,i cannot bear this--it is very terrible--,i am dying1 ,mrs4 ,best1 ,i am dying4 ,mrs4 ,best shook her head with a melancholy look2 but whether from blunted feelings1 from the hard and painful life which they endured1 or from a sense that there is to be compensation somewhere1 and that any change must be for the better1 or cannot be much worse than the life of this earth1 or from want of active imagination1 the poorer and less educated classes ,i have generally remarked view death and all its accessories with less of awe1 if not of dread1 than those who have been surrounded by luxuries1 and perhaps have used every effort to keep the contemplation of the last dread scene afar1 till it is actually forced upon their notice4 ,her words were homely1 and though intended to comfort did not give much consolation to the dying man4 ,ah well1 sir1 it is very sad1 she said1 to die so young2 though every one must die sooner or later1 and it makes but little difference whether it be now or then4 ,life is not so long to look back at1 sir1 as to look forward to1 and when one dies young one is spared many a thing4 ,i recollect my poor eldest son who is gone1 when he lay dying just like you in that very bed1 and ,i was taking on sadly1 he said to me1 ',mother don't cry so4 ,it's just as well for me to go now when ,i've not done much mischief or suffered much sorrow4' ,he was as good a young man as ever lived2 and so ,mr4 ,dixwell said2 for the parson used to come and see him every day1 and that was a great comfort and consolation to the poor boy4 ,was it8 said ,john ,ayliffe1 thoughtfully4 ,how long did he know he was dying8 ,not much above a week1 sir1 said ,mrs4 ,best2 for till ,mr4 ,dixwell told him1 he always thought he would get better4 ,we knew it a long time however1 for he had been in a decline a year1 and his father had been laying by money for the funeral three months before he died4 ,so when it was all over we put him by quite comfortable4 ,put him by6 said ,john ,ayliffe4 ,yes1 sir1 we buried him1 ,i mean1 answered ,mrs4 ,best4 ,that's our way of talking4 ,but ,mr4 ,dixwell had been to see him long before4 ,he knew that he was dying1 and he wouldn't tell him as long as there was any hope2 for he said it was not necessary--that he had never seen any one better prepared to meet his ,maker than poor ,robert1 and that it was no use to disturb him about the matter till it came very near4 ,ah1 ,dixwell is a wise man and a good man1 said ,john ,ayliffe4 ,i should very much like to see him4 ,i can run for him in a minute sir1 said ,dame ,best1 but ,john ,ayliffe replied1 in a faint voice1 ,no1 no1 don't1 don't on any account4 ,in the mean while1 the very person of whom they were speaking had descended from the up-stairs room1 finished his breakfast in order to give the surgeon time to fulfil his errand1 and then putting on his three-cornered hat had walked out to ascertain at what house ,mr4 ,short had stopped4 ,the first place at which he inquired was the farm-house at which the good surgeon had stabled his horse on the preceding night4 ,entering by the kitchen door1 he found the good woman of the place bustling about amongst pots and pans and maidservants1 and other utensils1 and though she received him with much reverence1 she did not for a moment cease her work4 ,well1 ,dame1 he said1 ,i hope you're all well here4 ,quite well1 your reverence--,betty1 empty that pail4 ,why1 ,i've seen ,mr4 ,short come down here1 said the parson1 and ,i thought somebody might be ill4 ,very kind1 your reverence--mind you don't spill it4--,no1 it warn't here4 ,it's some young man down at ,jenny ,best's1 who's baddish1 ,i fancy1 for the ,doctor stabled his horse here last night4 ,i am glad to hear none of you are ill1 said ,mr4 ,dixwell1 and bidding her good morning1 he walked away straight to the cottage where ,john ,ayliffe lay4 ,there was no one in the outer room1 and the good clergyman1 privileged by his cloth1 walked straight on into the room beyond1 and stood by the bedside of the dying man before any one was aware of his presence4 ,mr4 ,dixwell was not so much surprised to see there on that bed of death the face of him he called ,sir ,john ,hastings1 as might be supposed4 ,the character which the surgeon had given of his patient1 the mysterious absence of the young man from the ,hall1 and the very circumstance of his unwillingness to have his name and the place where he was lying known1 had all lent a suspicion of the truth4 ,john ,ayliffe's eyes were shut at the moment he entered1 and he seemed dozing1 though in truth sleep was far away4 ,but the little movement of ,mr4 ,dixwell towards his bedside1 and of ,mrs4 ,best giving place for the clergyman to sit down1 caused him to open his eyes1 and his first exclamation was1 ,ah1 ,dixwell6 so that damned fellow ,short has betrayed me1 and told when ,i ordered him not4 ,swear not at all1 said ,mr4 ,dixwell4 ,short has not betrayed you1 ,sir ,john4 ,i came here by accident1 merely hearing there was a young man lying ill here1 but without knowing actually that it was you1 although your absence from home has caused considerable uneasiness4 ,i am very sorry to see you in such a state4 ,how did all this happen8 ,i will not tell you1 nor answer a single word1 replied ,john ,ayliffe1 unless you promise not to say a word of my being here to any one4 ,i know you will keep your word if you say so1 and ,jenny ,best too--won't you1 ,jenny8--but ,i doubt that fellow ,short4 ,you need not doubt him1 ,sir ,john1 said the clergyman2 for he is very discreet4 ,as for me1 ,i will promise1 and will keep my word2 for ,i see not what good it could be to reveal it to any body if you dislike it4 ,you will be more tenderly nursed here1 ,i am sure1 than you would be by unprincipled1 dissolute servants1 and since your poor mother's death-- ,john ,ayliffe groaned heavily1 and the clergyman stopped4 ,the next moment1 however1 the young man said1 ,then you do promise1 do you8 ,i do1 replied ,mr4 ,dixwell4 ,i will not at all reveal the facts without your consent4 ,well1 then1 sit down1 and let us be alone together for a bit1 said ,john ,ayliffe1 and ,mrs4 ,best quietly quitted the room and shut the door4 ,john ,ayliffe turned his languid eyes anxiously upon the clergyman1 saying1 ,i think ,i am dying1 ,mr4 ,dixwell4 ,he would fain have had a contradiction or even a ray of earthly hope2 but he got none2 for it was evident to the eyes of ,mr4 ,dixwell1 accustomed as he had been for many years to attend by the bed of sickness and see the last spark of life go out1 that ,john ,ayliffe was a dying man--that he might live hours1 nay days2 but that the irrevocable summons had been given1 that he was within the shadow of the arch1 and must pass through6 ,i am afraid you are1 ,sir ,john1 he replied1 but ,i trust that ,god will still afford you time to make preparation for the great change about to take place1 and by his grace ,i will help you to the utmost in my power4 ,john ,ayliffe was silent1 and closed his eyes again4 ,nor was he the first to speak2 for after having waited for several minutes1 ,mr4 ,dixwell resumed1 saying in a grave but kindly tone1 ,i am afraid1 ,sir ,john1 you have not hitherto given much thought to the subject which is now so sadly fixed upon you4 ,we must make haste1 my good sir2 we must not lose a moment4 ,then do you think ,i am going to die so soon8 asked the young man with a look of horror2 for it cost him a hard and terrible struggle to bring his mind to grasp the thought of death being inevitable and nigh at hand4 ,he could hardly conceive it--he could hardly believe it--that he who had so lately been full of life and health1 who had been scheming schemes1 and laying out plans1 and had looked upon futurity as a certain possession--that he was to die in a few short hours2 but whenever the wilful heart would have rebelled against the sentence1 and struggle to resist it1 sensations which he had never felt before1 told him in a voice not to be mistaken1 ,it must be so6 ,no one can tell1 replied ,mr4 ,dixwell1 how soon it may be1 or how long ,god may spare you2 but one thing is certain1 ,sir ,john1 that years with you have now dwindled down into days1 and that days may very likely be shortened to hours4 ,but had you still years to live1 ,i should say the same thing1 that no time is to be lost2 too much has been lost already4 ,john ,ayliffe did not comprehend him in the least4 ,he could not grasp the idea as yet of a whole life being made a preparation for death1 and looked vacantly in the clergyman's face1 utterly confounded at the thought4 ,mr4 ,dixwell had a very difficult task before him--one of the most difficult he had ever undertaken2 for he had not only to arouse the conscience1 but to awaken the intellect to things importing all to the soul's salvation1 which had never been either felt or believed1 or comprehended before4 ,at first too1 there was the natural repugnance and resistance of a wilful1 selfish1 over-indulged heart to receive painful or terrible truths1 and even when the obstacle was overcome1 the young man's utter ignorance of religion and want of moral feeling proved another almost insurmountable4 ,he found that the only access to ,john ,ayliffe's heart was by the road of terror1 and without scruple he painted in stern and fearful colors the awful state of the impenitent spirit called suddenly into the presence of its ,god4 ,with an unpitying hand he stripped away all self-delusions from the young man's mind and laid his condition before him1 and his future state in all their dark and terrible reality4 ,this is not intended for what is called a religious book1 and therefore ,i must pass over the arguments he used1 and the course he proceeded in4 ,suffice it that he labored earnestly for two hours to awaken something like repentance in the bosom of ,john ,ayliffe1 and he succeeded in the end better than the beginning had promised4 ,when thoroughly convinced of the moral danger of his situation1 ,john ,ayliffe began to listen more eagerly1 to reply more humbly1 and to seek earnestly for some consolation beyond the earth4 ,his depression and despair1 as terrible truths became known to him were just in proportion to his careless boldness and audacity while he had remained in wilful ignorance1 and as soon as ,mr4 ,dixwell saw that all the clinging to earthly expectations was gone--that every frail support of mortal thoughts was taken away1 he began to give him gleams of hope from another world1 and had the satisfaction of finding that the doubts and terrors which remained arose from the consciousness of his own sins and crimes1 the heavy load of which he felt for the first time4 ,he told him that repentance was never too late--he showed1 him that ,christ himself had stamped that great truth with a mark that could not be mistaken in his pardon of the dying thief upon the cross1 and while he exhorted him to examine himself strictly1 and to make sure that what he felt was real repentance1 and not the mere fear of death which so many mistake for it in their last hours1 he assured him that if he could feel certain of that fact1 and trust in his ,saviour1 he might comfort himself and rest in good hope4 ,that done1 he resolved to leave the young man to himself for a few hours that he might meditate and try the great question he had propounded with his own heart4 ,he called in ,mistress ,best1 however1 and told her that if during his absence ,sir ,john wished her to read to him1 it would be a great kindness to read certain passages of ,scripture which he pointed out in the house ,bible4 ,the good woman very willingly undertook the task1 and shortly after the clergyman was gone ,john ,ayliffe applied to hear the words of that book against which he had previously shut his ears4 ,he found comfort and consolation and guidance therein2 for ,mr4 ,dixwell1 who1 on the one subject which had been the study of his life was wise as well as learned1 had selected judiciously such passages as tend to inspire hope without diminishing penitence4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,continued from page #dhh1 vol4 iii4 ,,the ,,castle ,,of ,,belver4 ,,an ,,incident ,,in ,,the ,,life ,,of ,,arago4 ,the castle of ,belver is the state prison of the island of ,majorca4 ,the ,rev4 ,henry ,christmas1 ,f4,r4,s41 has just published in ,london three volumes entitled ,the ,shores and ,islands of the ,mediterranean1 in which he gives the following account of the confinement within its walls of the illustrious ,arago3 ,charged by the ,emperor ,napoleon with the admeasurement of the meridian1 ,arago was in #ahjh in ,majorca1 and occupying a cottage on the mountain called ,clot de ,galatzo1 when the news came to the island of the recent events at ,madrid1 and the carrying away of the king4 ,the populace of ,palma1 never very favorably disposed towards the ,french1 and altogether incapable of comprehending either the merits or the mission of ,arago1 easily mistook the great astronomer for a political spy1 and exasperated at the insult offered to their king and country1 determined to take a signal vengeance on the only ,frenchman within their power4 ,they took their way in great numbers towards the mountain on which ,arago had taken up his abode1 fortified in their belief of his evil designs by the fact that he frequently made fires on the mountain-side1 and which they took for signals to an imaginary ,french fleet just about to land an army for the reduction of the island4 ,the mountain rises just above the coast on which ,don ,jaime the ,conqueror made his descent1 and thus it will seem that the islanders were not destitute of some grounds for the suspicions which they entertained1 nor without some palliating circumstances in the outrage which they contemplated4 ,it was1 however1 happily only a design1 for ,m4 ,arago1 warned in time1 left his mountain1 and directed his steps towards ,palma4 ,the person who advertised him of his peril was a man named ,damian1 the pilot of the brig placed by the ,spanish ,government at the disposal of the philosopher4 ,himself a ,majorcan1 he was taken into the counsel of the plotters1 and was thus enabled to save the life of his master4 ,dressed in the clothes of a common seaman1 with which ,damian had provided him1 he met on his way the mob1 who were bent on his destruction1 and who stopped him to inquire about that maldito gabacho1 of whom they meant to rid the island4 ,as he spoke the language of the country fluently1 he gave them that kind of information which was most desirable both to him and to them1 and as soon as he arrived at ,palma1 he made his way to the ,spanish brig2 but the captain1 ,don ,manual de ,vacaro1 a ,catalonian1 7his name ought to be known1 to his disgrace1 as well as that of ,damian to his credit17 absolutely refused to take the astronomer to ,barcelona1 alleging that he was at ,palma for a specific purpose1 and could not leave without orders from his ,government4 ,when ,arago pointed out the danger which threatened his life1 and of which the captain was as well aware as himself1 the latter coolly pointed out a chest1 in which he proposed that ,m4 ,arago should take refuge4 ,to this ,arago replied by measuring the chest1 and showing that there was not room for him in the inside4 ,the next day a frantic mob was assembled on the shore1 and it became clear that it was their intention to board the brig4 ,alarmed now for himself as well as for his colleague1 ,don ,manual assured ,arago that he would not answer for his life1 and recommended him to constitute himself a prisoner in the castle of ,belver1 offering to conduct him hither in one of the ship's boats4 ,seeing what kind of a man1 as well as what kind of a mob1 he had to do with1 ,arago accepted the proposal1 and just arrived time enough to hear the castle gates closed against his furious pursuers4 ,it seems that all the motions of those on board were watched from the shore1 and as soon as the boat was seen to depart1 and to take the direction of ,belver1 the populace poured forth1 towards the castle1 and had not ,arago been a little in advance1 his life would have been sacrificed4444 ,he was there as a prisoner two months4 ,during that time he was told1 and he seems to have believed the report1 that the monks in the island had attempted to bribe the soldiers to poison him1 but that the latter would not consent4 ,it is likely enough that monks1 considered as monks1 would think it rather meritorious than otherwise to destroy a ,frenchman1 and a free-thinker1 but it would be less probable of ,majorcan monks than of any other1 and poisoning is not the custom of the island4 ,at the same time the very vehement feeling of the people against him1 might put it into the minds of the monks to use monastic arts1 and there is an additional probability given to the notion by the conduct of the ,captain-general1 who1 after two months of captivity1 sent a message to the prisoner that he would do well to make his escape1 and that if he did1 it would be winked at4 ,arago took this excellent advice1 sent for ,m4 ,rodriguez1 who had been appointed by the ,spanish ,government to aid him in his scientific labors1 and by his aid opened a communication with ,damian4 ,this worthy man procured a fishing-boat1 and took him to ,algiers1 not daring to land him in ,france or ,spain1 and absolutely refusing very large offers made to him for that purpose4 ,,the ,,count ,,monte-,,leone3 ,,or1 ,,the ,,spy ,,in ,,society4#b ,,translated ,,for ,,the ,,international ,,monthly ,,magazine ,,from ,,the ,,french ,,of ,m4 ,,de ,,st4 ,,georges4 ,,xvi4--,,mademoiselle ,,crepineau',s ,,lover4 ,about the end of ,may1 #ahai1 on one of those bright sunny days which bring out the blossoms of the lilac1 make invalids strong1 and young girls healthy1 the ,duchess of ,palma was sitting in the garden of her hotel1 in the same place and under the same tree in which we saw her take refuge1 to conceal her sorrow and tears1 a few months before1 on the evening of the brilliant festival when all the principal personages of our story met4 ,a general languor and oppression with complete weakness1 the ordinary consequences of her unhappy attempt to commit suicide1 had ensued4 ,the deep distress which gnawed at her heart added moral to physical tortures4 ,the ,duke of ,palma at last perceived the deep indifference of ,la ,felina towards him1 and without divining the cause1 said that having married without love1 all his cares and tenderness had not sufficed to win her heart4 ,he therefore said1 that he should be a fool to devote himself any longer to her1 and to consecrate his life to a woman to whom1 notwithstanding the prejudices of the world1 he had given his title and name1 without having1 as yet1 received the most trifling acknowledgment in return6 ,yet young1 immensely rich1 volatile and handsome1 it was probable that the ,duke would not look in vain for some one to console him for the severity of his ,duchess4 ,like many other persons in ,paris1 the ,duke lived en garcon with two houses1 two establishments1 and1 morally speaking1 two wives4 ,his second wife was a celebrated danseuse of the ,royal ,academy of ,music1 ,mlle4 ,g41 known as a very agreeably thin woman1 and arms rather larger than the true academic proportions--which1 however1 enabled her to entwine her partner1 with an undulous grace that highly excited the old habitues of the opera4 ,the reign of ,louis ,,xviii4 was also emphatically the reign of the danseuses4 ,princes1 marshals1 generals1 and nobles1 selected their mistresses in the seraglio of the opera4 ,the reign of these ladies was1 however1 almost emphyteotic1 that is to say1 permanent1 and often resulted in the consecration of illegitimate pleasures4 ,,mm4 de ,lauraguais1 de ,conti1 de ,letoriers1 and others1 would have laughed at this4 ,the external life of the ,duke was full of attention to the ,duchess1 with whom he dined regularly4 ,he never1 however1 breakfasted at the embassy1 nor was he there except at his regular receptions4 ,the pious people who had been so shocked at his marriage1 took care to say that the ,duchess's conduct was the sole cause of her husband's misbehavior4 ,there was nothing1 though1 in the world to sustain this2 for no one had the slightest idea of the secret liaison of ,monte-,leone and the embassadress4 ,that was a transient affair1 and the shores of the ,lago di ,como alone had been witnesses of it4 ,some excuse1 however1 was indispensably necessary for him4 ,la ,felina1 as isolated as ever1 then sat in a beautiful garden which overlooked the ,champs ,elysees1 on the morning we have described4 ,her face was pale and wearied1 and her eyes red from want of sleep4 ,with her head resting on her chest1 she seemed a prey to the greatest sorrow4 ,just then they came to tell her of the visit of ,taddeo ,rovero4 ,at last1 said she1 gladly1 ,i will know all4 ,taddeo was close behind the servant who had announced him4 ,he could not repress his surprise1 when he saw how changed the ,duchess was4 ,the latter saw it and said1 ,you did not expect1 signor1 to see an old and ugly woman instead of her you once thought1 so beautiful4 ,i have1 however1 suffered a great deal during the three months you have been away4 ,without meaning to reproach you1 let me say it is three months since ,i saw you4 ,ah6 ,signora1 to me you may assume any guise you please2 for neither my eyes1 nor heart1 distinguish any alteration4 ,so much the better1 said the ,duchess with a smile1 for you are perhaps the only person who think me as beautiful as once was4 ,it is something to be thought beautiful when we are not4 ,what1 though1 is come over you8 ,why have you been so long in ,italy8 ,alas6 ,signora1 bad inducements took me from ,paris and from yourself4 ,all they say1 then1 is true8 said the ,duchess1 making ,taddeo sit by her2 the ,marquise de ,maulear has lost her husband8 ,she is a widow8 said she1 sadly1 and with an effort4 ,the ,marquis died three months since at ,rome1 said ,taddeo4 ,it is terrible1 said the ambassadress1 public rumor said so--,i1 though1 live so much alone that ,i know nothing more4 ,excuse me1 if ,i inquire into family secrets--were it not for the interest ,i entertain for your sister and yourself1 ,i would not do so-- ,the death of the ,marquis1 said ,taddeo1 is really a family secret4 ,there is no reason1 however1 why you should not know it4 ,i am aware to whom ,i confide it1 and have no hesitation in doing so4 ,my story will be brief4 ,the ,marquis and ,i set out for ,rome three months ago1 to receive the estate of my uncle1 ,cardinal ,felippo ,justiniani4 ,we met with many difficulties1 but eventually received it4 ,the total was a million of francs1 in bonds of the principal bankers of ,rome4 ,the half of this sum was paid in cash4 ,i was in mourning1 and did not go into society4 ,besides1 added ,taddeo1 looking tenderly at ,la ,felina1 ,i had left my heart in ,paris--and society and the ,carnival pleasures had no charms for me4 ,the ,marquis seemed more anxious for amusement than propriety permitted4 ,a few days after having received the half of our inheritance1 of which the ,marquis had possession1 ,i was surprised to hear that he had not returned home at night4 ,i did not1 however1 dare to question him2 for ,i thought that he had been tempted by some pleasure party and might be unwilling to answer me4 ,i pretended not to be aware that he was away4 ,for several successive nights this occurred1 and at last ,i ventured to speak to him1 telling him what danger he exposed himself to1 by straying thus in the streets of ,rome4 ',i am well armed1' said he1 'and can protect myself against robbers4' ,day after day the ,marquis seemed more and more engaged4 ,he avoided me1 and scarcely ever returned home4 ,one day he was absent4 ,afraid lest he might have been attacked in the night1 ,i went to the ,french minister's and caused a minute search to be made--and learned that my brother-in-law had put an end to his own life4 ,he had been enticed by some of his ,french friends into a gaming house1 which foreign speculators had obtained leave to open during the ,carnival1 and had there lost the five hundred thousand francs which belonged to his wife4 ,in his despair he had drowned himself in the ,tiber4 ,this is terrible1 said the ,duchess1 are you sure this is so8 ,too sure1 said ,taddeo1 for not long after1 the discovery of the body put all beyond doubt4 ,these1 ,signora1 are the facts of the case2 though to save the ,marquise's honor we attribute his death to a natural cause4 ,i thank you1 ,signor1 for your confidence2 especially since it gives me a right to pity the sister you love so well1 yet more--and also to console you for the death of ,m4 de ,maulear4 ,but when did you return8 ,a few days ago4 ,i was forced to remain yet longer in ,rome to get possession of the remnant of the ,cardinal's fortune4 ,my mother also came to ,rome to tell ,aminta of her misfortune4 ,how cruelly the young ,marquise must suffer1 said the ,duchess2 how she must need compassion and care6 ,she will have ours2 and her father-in-law1 overcoming his own sorrow1 is as tender and fond of her as ever4 ,then1 said the ,duchess1 concealing a distress she could not lay aside1 she yet has true and excellent friends--the ,count ,monte-,leone1 for instance1 who was so fond of her-- ,the ,count1 said ,taddeo1 looking strangely at the ,duchess1 who did not meet his glance1 was received a few days ago by the ,marquise4 ,he will make up for lost time1 said ,la ,felina1 bitterly1 for now1 or perhaps some day1 his old hopes may again arise1 and perhaps be realized4 ,taddeo understood why she spoke thus4 ,for a long time his forbearance had been pushed to extremities1 and this passion of the ,duchess for his friend had given rise to new tortures1 too severe to repress the idea of vengeance4 ,he was cruel and barbarous2 but he had too severely suffered from ,la ,felina4 ,by a violent course1 also1 he perhaps wished to crush the love which tortured him4 ,he remarked3 ,even though ,i afflict you1 ,i must say your fancy is likely enough to be realized4 ,the ,count possesses rank and a spotless reputation--for without the latter-- ,with but the latter1 said the ,duchess1 he could not enter our family4 ,certainly1 the ,count prepares the ,marquise for a future courtship by very constant visits now4 ,he comes every day to the ,hotel to see the ,prince and myself4 ,my sister loves to hear him speak of ,italy1 of which you know he talks so well4 ,la ,felina could bear no more4 ,she gave her hand to ,taddeo1 and with a voice trembling with emotion said3 ,for the present1 adieu6 ,you owe me some compensation for your long absence1 and if the lonely life ,i lead does not afflict you1 if you are not too much afraid of an anchorite1 come to see me1 and you will find me always glad to see you4 ,taddeo kissed her hand and left her1 almost repenting in his generous mind that he had spoken as he did4 ,he was fully avenged1 for the ,duchess's grief was so great that she felt her heart grow chilled1 her limbs stiffen1 and her eyes close4 ,her conversation with ,taddeo soon returned to her mind1 and she uttered a cry of agony4 ,her femme de chambre bore her to the ,hotel4 ,when alone in her room she said to herself3 ,he swore to me that he would never be her lover4 ,she may now be his wife4 ,ah6 continued she1 with cruel and sombre fury1 it would have been better for both of us had he let me die4 ,tell him who waits to come1 said she to the servant4 ,the woman left1 and soon after came in with a man whom the ,duchess made sit beside her4 ,the woman left the room4 ,we will leave the ,duchess with the stranger and go to ,no4 #ac rue de ,babylonne1 where one month after we shall find ,mlle4 ,celestine ,crepineau1 a prey to the tenderest emotions4 ,we must say for about two months the heart of that lady had been speaking4 ,this lady's heart1 like that of old thorough-bred horses1 of whom we read every once in a while1 had a return of ardor1 and laid aside all its ascetic devotion to become intense living and burning1 as it had been in youth4 ,this was the sure premonition of old age4 ,if anything could justify this resurrection1 it is what we are about to tell4 ,a new star shone in la rue de ,babylonne4 ,a beautiful stranger calling himself a ,spaniard1 a statement made probable by his dark complexion1 sun-burnt brow1 black hair1 and brilliant eyes1 established himself in a modest garret of ,no4 #ab1 just opposite the house of the hangman1 now occupied by ,matheus4 ,the charming ,spaniard had no decided profession4 ,his dress was that of an artisan in his ,sunday best3 and his velvet vest covered a prominent and ,herculean torso4 ,he was tall2 and walked squarely on his large feet2 a circumstance which made ,mlle4 ,crepineau think him majestic4 ,he said he was a bear-hunter from the ,pyrenees1 who had been forced to expatriate himself because in a duel he had wounded the governor of his province4 ,it may be imagined that so rare a profession excited much admiration among the natives of la rue ,babylonne1 especially as the famous ,nimrod passed his time at the door of ,no4 #ab1 under the pretext that he was accustomed to the pure mountain air1 and that he did not wish any of the neighbors anxious to make inquiries about his terrible profession1 to have the trouble of asking for him4 ,at one of these hall-door entertainments one summer night1 the handsome ,nunez saw and captivated ,mlle4 ,celestine ,crepineau4 ,do not let any one fancy the modest girl had given any encouragement to the stranger4 ,they had restricted themselves to glances1 double entendres1 and the countless amiable pioneers of the army of ,cupid4 ,mlle4 ,crepineau saw the stranger come every day to assist her in opening the heavy door of ,no4 #ac4 ,nunez took charge of the watering pot of which the commissaries are so fond1 and dispersed an agreeable freshness in front of the house during the warm hours of the day1 to protect1 he said1 the color and complexion of his mistress4 ,often ,mlle4 ,celestine's nerves were refreshed by a delicate perfume which strayed through the bars of her lodge1 and on inquiry saw a sprig of some sweet and odorous plant which had been placed there by the ,spaniard4 ,at last ,mlle4 ,crepineau gave him permission to visit her4 ,this was an important favor1 and was the passage of the rubicon4 ,by doing so1 ,celestine placed her reputation in the power of her evil-disposed neighbors4 ,she was1 however1 in love4 ,besides1 said she1 with noble pride1 my conscience sustains me1 and envy will fall abashed before the sacred torch of hymen4 ,this respectable phrase was the last remnant of the romances of ,ducray-,dumenil1 the first books ,celestine ever read when she was cook of the advocate her god-father4 ,but this interesting love passion was suddenly brought to a close by a very painful circumstance for the vanity of the young lady4 ,whether ,mlle4 ,crepineau had laced herself more tightly even than usual1 or that in aspirations after sylphic grace1 she had been rather too active when ,senor ,nunez was by--she was seized one fine day with a pain in the small of her back1 translatable only by the word rheumatism--a constant attendant of her delicate organization4 ,a forced construction was put on the pain--which became a cold or a strain1 but she had1 in spite of the effort to get rid of it by an euphonism1 to go to bed4 ,then the devotion of the ,spaniard became heroic4 ,he was unwilling that ,mlle4 ,celestine should intrust any one else with her daily occupation1 and undertook to replace her in the menage of ,doctor ,matheus4 ,the proposition did not awaken much of the doctor's gratitude2 and though he accepted the substitute1 he promised to watch him very closely4 ,one morning the doctor was forced to leave very suddenly1 just as the ,spaniard was cleaning and dusting the consultation room4 ,matheus had been sent for by the ,duke d',harcourt1 and apprehending some new indisposition of his young patient1 ,von ,apsberg1 for the first time left the ,senor ,nunez in his room4 ,for a few moments1 the ,spaniard continued his occupation4 ,when1 however1 he saw the doctor leave1 and from the window saw him turn down the rue de ,bac1 he said1 ,now what ,i have so long sought for is in my grasp4 ,looking on every side of the room1 lifting up the papers1 opening the portfolios and examining the furniture1 he discovered a secret drawer in a bureau1 within which he found a key4 ,here1 said he1 is the key of the laboratory--of the mysterious room in which ,i shall find all ,i need4 ,this is it1 said he1 looking anxiously at the key1 ,i know it by its shape4 ,hurrying to the third floor of the house1 he paused at the door4 ,his hand trembled--the key entered--turned--the wards moved1 and the stranger entered the laboratory4 ,the table which1 when we paid our first visit to ,matheus1 was covered with maps1 pamphlets1 etc41 now had nothing on it4 ,all is locked up1 said the man4 ,i have bad luck4 ,he soon1 however1 aroused himself1 and taking a ball of wax from his pocket1 and pointing to a massive secretary1 said1 ,there they are--there are their plans and papers1 their lists and names4 ,approaching the secretary again1 he took an exact impression of the lock1 and also made a copy of the key of the laboratory4 ,he then uttered a cry of joy4 ,i have them all1 said he4 ,i am their master1 and not one of the accursed ,carbonari can escape me4 ,he then left the room as expeditiously as he had entered1 went to the first story1 replaced the key where he had found it in the secret drawer1 and hurried to find ,mlle4 ,celestine ,crepineau1 who had become very uneasy about her lover4 ,,xviii4 ,,ruin4 ,a few days after the pretended bear-hunter1 the handsome ,spaniard1 adored by the amiable ,mlle4 ,crepineau1 had gone stealthily into the studio of ,dr4 ,matheus to obtain possession of the secrets of the ,carbonari1 our three friends ,taddeo ,rovero1 ,von ,apsberg1 and the ,vicomte d',harcourt1 were at the ,count's hotel4 ,the house of ,monte-,leone was in ,verneuil street4 ,it was small1 mysterious1 and recherche4 ,the court-yard was of modest size1 with turf in the centre1 and sanded walks around it4 ,the steps had a balcony at the top and several marble vases1 from which grew geraniums in summer and heath in the winter4 ,it was a regular bachelor's house1 having every thing demanded by the exigencies of a tenant of that condition4 ,it had all the broad1 tall1 low1 narrow1 visible1 and invisible doors1 for troublesome cases and exits1 for the actors and actresses of the every day drama of the life of a young1 rich1 and independent man4 ,no love drama was ever performed1 though1 on this theatre4 ,one of another and more brilliant kind was being prepared4 ,he gave a dinner to young men1 a regular one1 without a single woman4 ,men alone were welcomed by the noble ,amphytrion4 ,the house was furnished as luxuriously as possible1 for only recently have people conceived the happy idea of making dining-rooms comfortable4 ,of this our fathers were entirely ignorant4 ,once people eat much or little1 well or badly2 they breakfasted1 dined1 or took tea--that was all4 ,they sat on straw or hair chairs2 they were warmed by bad stoves1 the smell of which was intolerable2 the feet rested on marble blocks1 bright1 but cold as ice4 ,such was the gastronomical trilogy of ,parisians4 ,the large hotels1 and even the smaller establishments of our renowned libertines had a more splendid refectory1 which1 however1 was not more favorable to the comfort of the guests4 ,the dark and rich tapestries which hung on the walls1 the marble on the floor1 the pictures1 though by ,boucher or ,watteau1 were artistic and costly1 but nothing less than the eyes of ,la ,guimard1 the lips of ,sophie ,arnould1 those of ,la ,maupin or ,la ,duthe1 could warm those cold arenas1 where ,bernis1 ,larenaudie1 ,fronsac1 ,bouret1 and ,beaujon sacrificed to ,comus in the company of the ,loves4 ,now all is changed4 ,not only gastronomy1 but the art of living well has been discovered not to exist alone in wines and cookery1 and it has become a proverb1 that beans in china are better than truffles in earthenware4 ,in #ahai ,count ,monte-,leone had a presentiment of our taste in #ahdh1 and he was therefore spoken of as a foreign sybarite1 whose extravagant tastes never would be imitated4 ,though people blamed1 they envied1 and tried to imitate4 ,the dining-room of the ,count1 therefore1 glittered with lights1 and around a table filled with the rarest glass1 from which was exhaled the perfume of a dinner fit for ,lucullus1 were about a dozen men1 some of whom1 ,matheus1 ,taddeo1 and d',harcourt1 we know already4 ,the others1 of whom we will hereafter speak more fully1 were famous ,carbonari1 the founders of the ,french order1 ,general ,a44441 the banker ,h44441 ,count de ,ch44441 the merchant ,ober1 the ,avocat ,c44441 and the illustrious ,professor ,c4444 ,two of these gentlemen had come from ,italy1 and brought to ,monte-,leone new orders from the central ,venta of ,naples1 and also curious details about the progress or rather maturity of ,carbonarism in the ,two ,sicilies and the neighboring countries4 ,it had however been by common consent determined among the guests that none of the grave secrets of the order should be revealed at their joyous repast--that political questions should be postponed to more serious conferences3 not that the members were not satisfied of the prudence of each other1 but inquisitive ears hovered around this table1 and with the exception of those of the prudent old ,giacomo none could be trusted4 ,there was especial reason for this1 as vague rumors had for some time made the ,carbonari distrustful4 ,it was said that the ,minister of ,police had placed ,count ,monte-,leone under the strictest surveillance in consequence of his previous history4 ,the objects of this dinner1 which beyond doubt was subjected to some particular notice1 was to prove that all the persons assembled were men of pleasure1 and not agents of discord or conspirators4 ,to our host1 said d',harcourt1 filling his glass1 to his loves and conquests6 ,you will get drunk1 said one of the guests1 if you drink to all of his conquests4 ,all calumny1 said ,matheus4 ,the conversion of ,st4 ,augustine is no miracle since that of ,monte-,leone4 ,the gallant ,italian is now a fresh anchorite1 avoiding the pomps of ,satan and the opera in this ,thebais4 ,with his friends he atones for past errors4 ,the fact is1 no one knows any thing about the ,count's amours1 said one of the guests4 ,well1 then1 said another1 that for one in society1 as ,monte-,leone is1 he makes bad use of his eyes4 ,the very mention of his ,neapolitan adventures would turn the heads of ten ,parisian women4 ,you are wrong1 my dear ,b44441 said the ,count4 ,the women of ,paris are not so headlong as you think4 ,they reason with their hearts1 and pay attention to convenances without regard to inclination4 ,besides1 the man they love occupies only the second place in their hearts4 ,they come first and he afterwards4 ,often1 too1 the toilette occupies the second place with amusements and pleasures4 ,they prefer the attention of one to the love of all4 ,liasons in ,france are elegant1 recherche1 and refined4 ,they never violate good taste1 and even in their despair ,french women are charming4 ,they quarrel behind a fan1 tear a bouquet to pieces1 and shred the lace of a handkerchief4 ,they weep1 and stop soon enough not to stain the eyes1 and when they have fainting-fits1 are very careful not to disturb their curls4 ,great suffering just stops short of a nervous attack1 and fury never breaks either china bracelets or jewelry1 though it is merciless on lovers' miniatures4 ,three months after1 if the offended lady meet the gentleman in a drawing-room1 she will ask the person next her1 ',pray tell me who that gentleman is1 ,i think ,i have seen him somewhere4' ,in ,spain and ,italy they avenge themselves1 and do not pardon men who are inconstant until they too are false4 ,woe to him whose love is the first to end4 ,he henceforth has but the storm and the thunder-bolt4 ,hatred and vengeance--the first is found in ,france--women in ,italy kill4 ,i tell you your countrywomen are not romantic1 and suffer themselves to be led astray only after due reflection4 ,well1 for my own part1 said d',harcourt to ,monte-,leone1 ,i know a woman who adores you in secret1 who never speaks of you without blushing1 who looks down when your name is mentioned1 and who looks up when she sees you4 ,taddeo looked at the ,vicomte with surprise4 ,two names occurred to him1 that of the ,duchess1 and yet of another person4 ,monte-,leone1 like ,taddeo1 was afraid that the young fool1 whose greatest virtue was not temperance1 would be indiscreet4 ,gentlemen1 said he1 the ,vicomte is about to be stupid4 ,in the name of our friendship ,i beg him to be silent4 ,bah1 bah6 said d',harcourt1 becoming yet more excited1 and draining his glass of champagne1 in vino veritas4 ,the proof of what ,i say is that ,monte-,leone is afraid4 ,i shall name the victim of the passion he has inspired4 ,i wish to reinstate him in your eyes1 for he has represented himself as deserted and abandoned by the fair sex1 when one of the fairest adores him1 and would sacrifice name and rank for him4 ,vicomte1 said ,monte-,leone1 enraged and rising1 do not make me forget my intimacy with you of five years' duration4 ,you will not forget it--you will like me all the better for what ,i am about to say4 ,besides it is nothing but humanity4 ,you would not let the poor woman die when you can save her8 ,again ,i ask you to stop1 said ,monte-,leone4 ,you are too late1 said the ,vicomte1 taking another glass of wine4 ,i drink to the ,attala1 the ,ariana1 the ,psyche of our illustrious host1 to a charming widow we all admire1 to ,madame de ,bruneval4 ,one shout of joy burst from all4 ,monte-,leone felt a burden of trouble lifted from him1 and ,taddeo breathed more freely4 ,gentlemen1 said ,monte-,leone1 resuming his sangfroid1 ,i protest that ,i was not aware of the happiness with which ,i am menaced4 ,though ,i do justice to the precious qualities of ,mme4 de ,bruneval--to her lofty virtue1 with which all of you are familiar--,i should be afraid of following in the footsteps of the illustrious dead4 ,since1 however1 the widow has been spoken of1 ,i will propose a toast to the speedy cure of her heart1 provided ,i am not expected to become its surgeon4 ,all drank2 and amid the sound of their laughter1 ,giacomo entered1 and on a salver handed the ,count a letter4 ,it is from ,naples1 said he2 and having opened1 he read it4 ,as he did so he grew pale4 ,any bad news8 said ,matheus4 ,no1 said ,monte-,leone1 with an effort to restrain himself2 no1 my friends--taking advantage of the temporary absence of the servants1 who had placed the dessert on the table1 and who then retired1 as is the custom in all well regulated households--,no bad news to our cause4 ,this letter is on private business4 ,i have another toast1 said he1 in a lower tone4 ,to the brethren who are my guests to-day6 ,to the absent6 said ,taddeo4 ,well1 well1 said ,dr4 ,matheus1 looking uneasily around2 let us have done with toasts4 ,as a doctor1 ,i may speak4 ,too many of this kind may endanger our lives1 added he1 emphasizing the last words4 ,let us enjoy the pleasures heaven has granted us4 ,our first masters in good cheer1 the ,greeks and ,romans1 surrounded their tables with flowers and crowned their cups with roses4 ,let us laugh1 then1 my friends1 at fools1 intriguers1 and apostates4 ,let us laugh at each other1 and especially at unreasonable d',harcourt1 who can drown his own mind in a single bottle of champagne1 and which makes him about as sensible as a fly4 ,the sallies and follies of after dinner followed this pompous harangue of ,matheus4 ,had any one witnessed this scene1 they would have fancied the actors a party of young mousquetaires of the regency1 rather than conspirators who aspired to convulse the world4 ,when the guests of ,monte-,leone were gone1 and only d',harcourt1 ,matheus1 and ,taddeo remained1 the ,count took his dispatch out of his bosom1 and bade the latter read it4 ,it was as follows3 ,,naples1 ,september #aj1 #ahai4 ,,count3--,i am sorry to inform you that the banker ,antonio ,lamberti1 to whom you had confided your fortune1 and with whom you bade me deposit the price of your palace1 sold for six hundred thousand francs1 has failed1 and fled with all your fortune4 ,your respectful attorney1 ,,guiseppe ,,farnucci4 ,the three friends embraced ,monte-,leone1 and ,von ,apsberg said1 ,you knew this1 yet could share our gayety4 ,did you not say yourself laughter is as necessary for digestion as it is to the heart8 ,i fulfilled my duties of host to the letter4 ,i needed all my courage1 though1 having lost more than my fortune--my happiness4 ,the morning's papers will announce the failure of ,antonio ,lamberti1 and all ,paris will know of the ruin of the brilliant ,count ,monte-,leone4 ,with fortune1 the ,count had also lost the hope of happiness4 ,the widowhood of the ,marquise de ,maulear had revived all his hopes1 as ,la ,felina had foreseen1 and his rank and title enabled him again to aspire to ,aminta's hand4 ,all this prospect his misfortune annihilated4 ,what had he to offer now to ,aminta8 ,the name1 the eclat of which he could sustain no longer--an existence endangered by a political plot1 the triumph of which was far from certain--sumptuous tastes1 which he would not be permitted to gratify--privations1 especially cruel as they would follow closely on luxury and opulence1 of which he had1 so to say1 built himself a temple4 ,ten months had passed by since the ,marquis's death1 and the grief of his widow had been most sincere4 ,though ,aminta had never entertained a very profound love for her husband1 she had been much attached to him from a reason common enough3 she was strong and he unusually weak4 ,when1 therefore1 a terrible vice had seized on him1 and sought1 as it were1 to wrest him from her arms1 not a reproach had been uttered by ,aminta against the sacrifice of her money and his neglect to an ignoble propensity4 ,she forgave the gamester who was faithful to her1 and had wept over him when she would have had no tears for the unfaithful husband4 ,this soul so full of love was not slumbering in the arms of marriage4 ,the energetical character which ,aminta had often exhibited would1 had it found traits of manhood properly expanded in her husband1 have possibly modified her feelings1 if he had possessed that burning imagination1 that secret imagination which creates deep love1 and for which too she seemed to have been created4 ,she might have said this4 ,she was too chaste to do so4 ,yet sometimes1 in her long and dreamy solitudes1 an image rose before her1 especially when her husband was away4 ,she dreamed of an exalted love1 full of ardor and devotion1 indomitable courage1 sacrifice of life to duty1 a noble and generous soul1 which divined her own1 and linked itself to it4 ,all this assumed the form of the man she had rejected1 of whom she had been afraid1 and for her ingratitude to whom she now blushed4 ,the ,count had been received by ,aminta1 in the early months of her widowhood1 but he had refrained1 from respectful motives1 to allude to his feelings4 ,his visits to the ,marquise were short and ceremonious1 feeling that love should not be veiled by the crape of mourning4 ,like the ,prince de ,maulear1 and all ,paris in fact1 ,aminta had heard of the ,count's misfortune1 and the blow made a deep impression on her4 ,the absence of the ,count became prolonged4 ,he had not visited her since his misfortune1 and she could not but feel a deep interest for him to whom fate reserved such severe trials4 ,one evening1 when she was more melancholy than usual1 and sat in the saloon with her head leaning on her hand1 and dreaming over the incidents of her life in which ,monte-,leone had figured1 she thought without remorse of scenes it had been once her duty to forget4 ,a stifled sigh escaped from her bosom1 and a kind of moan near her induced her to shake off her reverie4 ,she saw ,scorpione lying at her feet as he used to1 and looking fixedly and sadly at her4 ,tonio1 whom1 like the children of ,sorrento1 we have often called ,scorpione1 after having wandered along the sea-shore at the time of ,aminta's marriage1 had been found exhausted on the sands1 and been taken to ,signora ,rovero1 on the very day that ,aminta set out for ,france4 ,since then1 vegetating rather than living with the mother of ,aminta1 ,signora ,rovero was unwilling to trust her daughter's preserver to servants1 when she heard of the death of her son-in-law4 ,signora ,rovero had such delicate health as to be unable to bear the climate of ,paris1 and had six months before returned to ,italy2 but ,tonio was unwilling to leave her1 and yielding to his mute prayers1 ,aminta had consented for him to remain1 for his sufferings to save her had made a deep impression on her4 ,tonio was in fact but the shadow of himself1 the soul alone seeming to support him4 ,even his soul was changed4 ,fearful and timid when with ,aminta1 the passion the unfortunate boy had once experienced for her became humble and respectful submission4 ,his very mind became extinct2 and the only glimmerings of it now seemed to be a kind of instinctive sympathy with his mistress4 ,he smiled when the ,marquise did1 and that was but rarely4 ,he wept when tears hung on her eyelids4 ,when he looked as we have described at ,aminta1 her sadness was perfectly mirrored on his face4 ,scorpione was1 in fact1 less than man1 and more than a brute--he was an idiot4 ,you suffer1 because ,i suffer1 said ,aminta4 ,he replied1 ,yes4 ,by one of those ideas which take possession of the time1 but which it shrinks to confess1 she said in a weak and almost tender voice to the idiot1 as children do to toys1 ,if ,i were happy1 would you be8 ,scorpione looked fixedly at her1 as if trying to understand her2 and she added1 ,if any one loved me1 and ,i loved him also1 would you wish me to be happy8 blushing as she spoke4 ,heavy tears rolled down his cheeks1 and he said1 taking ,aminta's hand1 ,yes4 ,poor child6 said she1 with tears also1 once he loved me for his own sake--now he loves me for my own4 ,yes1 said the idiot1 hiding his face with his hands4 ,just then the ,prince de ,maulear was announced4 ,,xviii4 ,,the ,,king4 ,the ,prince adored his daughter-in-law1 and with tears in his eyes he besought ,signora ,rovero not to take her from him4 ,remember1 said he1 that ,i am old1 and have but a few years more to live before ,i reach the end of my journey1 to which the death of my unfortunate son has brought me years nearer4 ,do not1 ,signora1 deprive me of the only being ,i love on earth4 ,make this sacrifice to ,rovero's friend4 ,in his name ,i ask you to do so4 ,have a little patience with the old man1 and let ,aminta close his eyes4 ,i will soon restore her to you4 ,the mother made this sacrifice to the broken-hearted father1 who almost on his knees besought her to give him her daughter to replace his lost son4 ,in his suffering the ,prince seemed to become doubly fond of the young woman4 ,her own father could not have been more anxious to spare her pain and to satisfy her least desires4 ,she is my ,antigone1 said he1 proudly1 to all who met him leaning on the ,marquise's arm4 ,i am1 though1 happier than ,oedipus1 for ,i can look at and admire her4 ,when the ,prince came into the drawing-room of his daughter he seemed excited4 ,the ,marquise bade ,scorpione leave her1 and the idiot crawled rather than walked to the door1 through which he disappeared2 not1 however1 until he had cast one glance on the young woman1 as if to become satisfied that her features expressed neither menace nor anger4 ,good and kind as ever1 said the ,prince to ,aminta2 you certainly appear to advantage with that hideous and deformed being4 ,no one but a person generous as you are would keep so awful a being by you4 ,to do so1 father1 ,i need only appeal to memory1 and that will aid me4 ,i cannot forget that ,i am indebted to him for my life1 and above all1 for the boon of being loved by you4 ,certainly1 said the ,prince1 ,i know all that2 but you might take care of and watch over him1 and make his life pleasant1 without keeping him ever before you4 ,i1 who am not at all timid1 assure you that ,i never see him without apprehension at your feet1 hugging the fire like a serpent to quicken the icy blood in his veins4 ,i will send him away if you wish me to4 ,i wish you to do as you please4 ,that you know well enough1 my child4 ,keep the ,scorpione1 as you sometimes call him1 and nurse up any horrible monster you please besides1 and ,i will think it charming1 or at least will not reproach you4 ,my dear child1 ,i have few amusements for you1 and now your life must be sad indeed4 ,no1 no6 dear father1 ,i do not complain4 ,the hotel is only sad when you are not here4 ,alas6 said the ,prince1 there can be found but little interest in one as old as ,i am1 and so unhappy too4 ,listen to me1 ,aminta1 it is cruel to make children die before their parents4 ,it reverses the order of nature to see the flower wither while the parent stem is green4 ,i spoke to you of fate1 because ,i was unwilling to mention ,god4 ,grief makes us pious4 ,i dare not object to your decrees4 ,have you not yet a daughter8 said ,aminta1 passing her arm around the ,prince's neck2 have you not a daughter who loves you8 ,yes1 yes1 my daughter4 ,the ,prince laid an emphasis on the last word4 ,you are now my only child1 and ,i wish to secure your happiness2 and for that purpose will consecrate to you the remnant of my life4 ,yet ,i do not know what to do4 ,the young woman blushed--for perhaps she could have made a suggestion4 ,the ,prince1 though1 did not remark it1 and continued3 ,our life is sadder even than it was4 ,the friends of this world are like bees who hover only around flowers when they bloom1 and scorn those which begin to wither4 ,they avoid this house-- ,all friends do not act thus1 said ,aminta1 concealing her emotion2 one of them1 one who pleases you most1 whom you love1 ,signor ,monte-,leone1 often comes hither to see you alone-- ,to see me8 said the ,prince1 looking shrewdly at his daughter-in-law2 perhaps he comes to see you4 ,since1 however1 his misfortune1 the ,count never comes near us4 ,perhaps he judges us incorrectly4 ,he may have fancied the loss of fortune involved the sacrifice of our friendship4 ,it is a bad judgment1 and ,i say it with regret1 of a bad heart4 ,ah father1 said ,aminta1 the ,count must have had another reason to keep him away4 ,certainly1 said ,m4 de ,maulear1 but these reasons have not kept him from seeing me4 ,during the last fortnight1 ,i have been ten times to his house4 ,i am1 however1 glad he has acted thus1 for his conduct will diminish my sorrow at his departure-- ,his departure8 said ,aminta1 unable to restrain an expression of surprise4 ,his departure for ,italy1 said the ,prince2 he was ordered this morning1 by the ,french government1 to leave ,france within twenty-four hours4 ,and why8 said ,aminta4 ,he is accused1 said ,maulear1 of being concerned in some conspiracy contrary to the safety of the country4 ,ah1 my ,god6 said the young woman1 then he is exiled and expelled from the kingdom4 ,decidedly2 and he is forbidden ever to return4 ,aminta1 as she heard these words1 felt as if her heart would burst4 ,the ,prince saw her agitation4 ,what is the matter my child8 said he4 ,why are you so sad8 ,nothing1 nothing1 but a nervous attack1 to which ,i am used4 ,maulear looked at the ,marquise for a few moments1 and then said3 ,my child1 there is no true love without confidence4 ,my love gives me sacred rights over you4 ,do not be afraid to confide in me4 ,let not even the memory of the departed restrain you4 ,you are twenty years of age2 and your life has not approached its end4 ,i am now about to tell you what ,i have often intended to3 your happiness is the main object of my life1 and never forget that1 whatever may be your name1 ,i shall always look on you as a daughter6 ,aminta threw herself into the ,prince's arms and hid there her tears of gratitude and her blushes4 ,de ,maulear took his beautiful daughter-in-law on his knee1 as he would have taken a child1 and then lifting up ,aminta's head with exquisite kindness1 said3 ,does he love you8 ,he did before ,i was married1 said the young woman1 looking down4 ,and since then8 ,he has never spoken of love4 ,he should not have done so1 said the ,prince2 often1 though1 the eyes say such things2 and his1 probably1 are not inexpressive4 ,aminta did not reply4 ,all is clear1 said the ,prince2 the ,count avoids us from a sentiment of delicacy which does him honor4 ,he has no longer reason to hope1 being ruined1 for what1 when rich1 he would have given his life and fortune4 ,he will go1 said ,aminta faintly4 ,he will not1 he shall not go4 ,this conspiracy is1 after all1 only one of the phantoms ever arising before a terrified government4 ,if the really revolutionary mind of ,count ,monte-,leone has involved him1 ,i will promise to make him listen to reason1 especially if you will aid me--as for this order to leave so abruptly1 ,i hope my arm is long enough to interpose4 ,what then will you do8 asked ,aminta1 anxiously4 ,parbleu6 ,i will go to the ,king himself--not to the ministers1 but to the ,,king--to ,,god1 not to the saints4 ,mind1 for the proverb's sake alone ,i apply that word to those gentry4 ,the ,king is an old friend1 a brother in exile4 ,i never asked a favor of him1 though he has often asked me to do so4 ,we will see if he will refuse me4 ,but1 said ,aminta1 time is short4 ,then1 said the ,prince1 to-morrow morning ,i will go to the ,tuileries1 and we will see what the minister will say when he hears ,louis ,,xviii4 say1 ,i will6 ,think you he will say so8 ,he must1 said the ,prince1 kissing her2 for you and ,i say1 we will4 ,what a woman wills----,to-morrow you shall have good news4 ,he went away4444 ,at that time the appearance of the ,tuileries was very imposing4 ,to the forms of the empire had succeeded the more luxurious and aristocratic ones of the restoration4 ,the stern military garb of the ,imperial ,guard1 and of the ,dragoons of the ,empress1 was replaced by the brilliant uniforms of the ,king's body-guards1 of the hundred ,swiss1 an old name now replaced by the almost grotesque appellation of the ,gardes a pied ordinaires du corps du roi1 a species of giants1 commanded by the ,count of ,tisseuil1 a person only about four feet high1 but an excellent soldier for all that4 ,then came the ,swiss1 the ,royal guard1 and on days of public ceremonies1 the ,gardes de la ,manche1 whose duty had special relation to the religious ceremonies of the chapel of the palace4 ,the reception rooms1 the great gallery1 the hall of the marshals1 glittered with embroidered dresses1 cordons1 collars and orders of every kind1 both ,french and foreign4 ,there were the stars of the empire--those of the monarchy--,russian1 ,english1 ,austrian1 ,italian--the stars of all ,europe4 ,a large portion of the continent was in ,paris4 ,this portion was the most brilliant of all2 for having tasted of ,parisian refinement it was not at all anxious to return home4 ,his majesty ,louis ,,xviii41 dressed in blue and wearing the royal cordon of the ,saint ,esprit1 with his hair a l'oisseu-royal1 and his legs hidden in broad pantaloons1 which concealed their size1 with his feet in shoes of buckskin1 and pleasant and agreeable as ever1 had been rolled by his footman from the room where he breakfasted1 to his study4 ,,mm4 de ,blacas1 d',escars1 and de ,damas1 his gentlemen in waiting1 and many courtiers1 had followed his majesty's chair to the very door of his study1 where they paused4 ,then the human horses1 who dragged the chair1 having turned him around on his own pivot1 bore him into the recesses of the room4 ,the object of the manoeuvre we have described was to place the ,king vis-a-vis to his courtiers1 to whom he bowed graciously4 ,this was a signal for them to leave4 ,the doors then closed with not a little noise1 and this was all the public knew of royal life4 ,private matters1 interviews with the ministers1 audiences1 had particular modes of entrance leading to the ,king's rooms and office4 ,the latter was the sanctuary of royal thought1 where great and petty acts were consummated1 and where many confessions and audiences had been heard and given4 ,there this literary ,king1 better educated than half of his academy1 had made commentaries on many learned ,latins1 especially on ,horace4 ,the ,king appropriated several hours of every day to study4 ,to derange the distribution of this time1 to take him from ,juvenal1 ,tacitus1 or ,cicero1 to discuss a plan of ,villele or ,angles1 was almost high treason4 ,one person alone dared to do this1 and this person was above law4 ,the reason was1 he was more powerful than the ,king1 having even majesty in subjection4 ,the name of this man was ,father ,elysee4 ,it was his business to keep the ,king alive4 ,this was1 as will be seen1 a very important matter4 ,this man went into the ,king's room without notice1 and without even tapping at his door4 ,he did so1 by virtue of the sovereign power of the patient over the invalid--by virtue of science over suffering humanity4 ,the ,king1 however1 sometimes used to say1 when ,elysee made a very brusque entrance3 ,i only wish one thing1 that disease may not break in on me brusquely as you do4 ,as a fine and acute courtier1 as an old slouth-hound of the palace with a keen scent1 the ,prince de ,maulear went to ,father ,elysee for the purpose of obtaining a speedy audience4 ,is it you8 said the ,king1 behind whom opened a door looking into the reception room4 ,yes1 said the doctor1 ,i wish your majesty would not pay too much attention to your ,latin and study4 ,nothing injures the digestive organs like study1 especially after meals4 ,mind and matter then contend1 and the body is almost always overcome4 ,if ,i had to do only with my old friends1 ,horace and ,petronius1 said the ,king1 my digestion would be all right4 ,unfortunately ,i have found a few modern subjects well calculated to annoy ,master ,gaster--for the vermin of ,juvenal and ,persius would be honey of ,hymethus compared with the bile of the books ,i speak of-- ,the ,king pointed out to the doctor a few open pamphlets which lay about the table4 ,norman ,letters4 ,the ,man in the ,grey ,coat--,,minerva1 said the doctor1 looking at them2 who dared to bring these books hither8 ,my majesty dared4 ,i am as good a doctor as you are1 but ,i have more patients4 ,i have a whole nation to cure1 and to administer a tonic we must at least be aware of the debility4 ,look hither1 said the ,king1 here is an antidote to poison4 ,the ,conservative1 edited by the most learned doctors of the political faculty--by de ,chateaubriand1 de ,bonald1 de ,villele1 ,fievee4 ,castelbajac1 and a certain ,abbe de ,lamennais1 an eloquent1 sharp1 and able man1 ,i am sure1 who has1 though1 one fault1 he is a greater royalist than his ,king4 ,and may ,i venture to ask your majesty how the works of ,etienne1 ,jay1 ,jony and company1 came hither8 ,smuggled in1 said ,louis ,,xviii41 with a smile2 ,f----1 one of my valets de chambre1 whom ,i have placed at the head of what ,i call my secret ministry1 brings them to me4 ,the fellow has taste4 ,he said to me the other day3 ',i have something devilish good here4 ,the scoundrels do not spare your majesty4' ,but1 continued the ,king1 no man can be great to his valet or his physician1 and ,i will therefore confess that the works of these liberal gentlemen trouble my digestion not a little1 and ,i wish my good friend the ,duke d',escars to bring me back that puree de cailles truffees1 of which he is the inventor4 ,he is the ,prince of ,gourmands4 ,then1 said ,pere ,elysee1 glad to be able thus to pass to the principal object of his visit1 ,i am just in time to amuse your majesty1 and to announce the visit of one of your best friends--the ,prince de ,maulear4 ,just in time1 said the ,king2 he is a gentleman of the old school1 and has chosen for fifty years to be such4 ,he yet believes in a ,king of ,france1 fully1 perhaps more fully1 than he does in ,god4 ,he is a true enemy of the ,jacobins and ,revolutionists4 ,tell him to come in1 doctor1 and we will be able to bear up against the attacks of the authors of those books4 ,the doctor soon brought the ,prince de ,maulear1 and then left4 ,come in1 my dear ,prince1 said the ,king2 you do not spoil your friends1 and ,i see you too rarely1 as ,i see others too frequently1 to be able to forget you4 ,kings1 however unpleasant they may be1 have this analogy with the sun1 all come to warm themselves by his rays4 ,i thank your majesty for your kind reception4 ,you were my friend and shared my exile4 ,it was a sad season1 said the ,prince1 sitting on the chair the ,king pushed towards him4 ,not so1 ,prince2 then we had no cares and no enemies1 above all we had no court4 ,we were independent1 calm1 and happy4 ,perhaps you had health1 but you had no crown4 ,think you that a great misfortune8 ,perhaps not to your majesty1 but it was to ,france4 ,how8 ,does our friend the ,prince de ,maulear1 contrary to every expectation1 become a flatterer in his old age8 ,in what part of the ,tuileries did he contract that disease8 ,listen1 my dear de ,maulear4 ,you as well as ,i know that love of ,france is but a word4 ,once in ,france1 people loved the ,king--now1 though1 ,france above all other things loves itself4 ,this love is1 if you please1 egotistical1 but after all it is the only real positive good in this selfish age4 ,mind ,i speak only of the owners1 and therefore conservatives of the kingdom4 ,the other portion of the kingdom1 anxious at any risk to acquire1 estimates the country cheaply4 ,a few faithful hearts who welcomed me as a ,messiah expected for twenty years1 true and noble believers1 looked on my return as the realization of their long and secret hopes4 ,to the majority of my people the ,bourbon lily has been only the olive-branch of peace purchased by twenty years of war4 ,this peace ,i would not have brought back by the bayonets of the ,austrians and ,russians4 ,but ,god1 ,buonaparte1 and the ,allies1 so willed it4 ,you see1 my dear ,prince1 that ,i am not mistaken in relation to my subjects' love1 and that the gems of a crown do not conceal its thorns4 ,the ,king1 said ,m4 de ,maulear1 at least deigns to reckon me among the faithful subjects of whom he spoke just now8 ,yes1 yes1 said the ,king1 among the most faithful and most disinterested4 ,when ,i came back1 there was established a very partition of offices and places1 or honors1 titles1 crosses and stars1 in which you took no part4 ,now you know you are one of those to whom ,i could refuse nothing4 ,well1 said the ,prince1 your majesty gives me courage to make one request1 to obtain which ,i come hither4 ,bah6 said the ,king1 speak out my old friend1 if the matter depends on me-- ,cannot the ,king do any thing8 said the ,prince4 ,the ,king can do very little1 said ,louis ,,xviii4 ,when your majesty says ',i will--' ,others say1 ',we will not4' ,who will dare to use such language8 ,the true ,kings of ,france--the ministers--for they are responsible while ,i am not4 ,to tell the fact1 though1 ,i have credit with them and will use it-- ,yet the ,king is ,king1 said the ,prince4 ,ah1 ,prince6 said ,louis ,,xviii1 ,i see plainly enough that you do not read my books4 ,what could you say worse to an author8 ,open the charter and look--here it is3 ',he reigns1 but does not govern4' ,this is my ,bible1 my code--and ,i can accuse no one but myself1 if ,i do sigh sometimes4 ,for all this emanates from me1 and was conceived and written by my own hand4 ,unfortunately1 said he1 with bitterness1 in ,france every thing is interpreted literally4 ,the favor ,i ask your majesty to grant me will ,i hope be within your reserved powers4 ,count ,monte-,leone1 a noble ,neapolitan of my acquaintance1 has been accused1 beyond doubt unjustly1 of political plots1 and been abruptly ordered to leave ,france4 ,i come to ask the king to remit this mortification4 ,ah1 ah6 said ,louis ,,xviii1 gravely1 an anarchist4 ,this is serious1 very serious4 ,perhaps the safety of the monarchy depends on this1 as the ,timid#c say4 ,my dear brother retails a conspiracy a day to me2 perhaps1 after all1 he is not far wrong4 ,i will see1 ,prince4 ,i will examine and consult a very important personage1 without whom ,i cannot act4 ,will his ,majesty1 said the usher1 who had just arrived1 receive the prime minister8 ,exactly1 said the ,king1 that is the person of whom ,i spoke4 ,go in there1 said the ,king to the ,prince1 pointing to the waiting-room4 ,you shall have my1 or rather his1 answer1 in a quarter of an hour4 ,the result though will be the same4 ,the ,prince obeyed1 and his excellency the prime minister was received4 ,,xix4 ,a ,,revelation4 ,the audience the ,king gave his prime minister lasted nearly an hour4 ,m4 de ,maulear began to grow impatient at his long delay1 when the usher came to tell him the ,king waited for him4444 ,when the ,prince entered1 ,louis ,,xviii4 had a smile on his lips4 ,a skilful observer of countenances would however have remarked a shade of malice4 ,you are then very fond of ,count ,monte-,leone8 said the ,king to the ,prince1 again telling him to be seated4 ,very1 ,sire1 said the ,prince4 ,signor ,monte-,leone is really a nobleman1 with old blood1 a kind heart1 brilliant mind1 and elegant manners4 ,one of a race now rare4 ,if your ,majesty would but permit me to present him to you-- ,no1 no1 said the ,king2 ,i had rather not4 ,besides1 continued he1 with his reputation as a dreamer and a revolutionist1 as an enemy of our cousin ,fernando of ,naples-- ,the ,count is in the way of conversion1 ,sire2 and if the important person to whom your ,majesty yields will suffer us to keep the ,count in ,paris1 ,i am sure we will soon be able to restore him to favor4 ,the important person1 said ,louis1 with a smile1 was very much inclined to send your dear friend to his own country4 ,new information in relation to this honorable and loyal noble1 continued the ,king1 has completely changed the intentions entertained in relation to him4 ,indeed1 said the ,prince1 with delight2 and will your ,majesty deign to tell me what this information is8 ,no1 no1 my dear friend4 ,this is strictly a political question1 which cannot be divulged4 ,one thing is certain1 the ,italian is no longer our enemy1 but is devoted to us4 ,he is a lamb in a lion's hide4 ,not only will we keep him in ,france1 but will grant him immunity for all he may do in future and has done as yet4 ,thus you see1 said the ,king1 ,i have done more than you asked4 ,such kindness1 said the ,prince1 overwhelms me with pleasure and gratitude4 ,ah1 ,prince1 said the ,king1 ironically1 how you love your friends6 ,yet distrust your heart in relation to these ,italians4 ,they are cunning1 and sometimes treacherous1 but always mild and winning1 so as to lead astray our ,french honesty4 ,they do not wear at their belt their most dangerous stiletto1 but have another between their jaws which is often poisoned4 ,god keep me from saying this of your dear ,count4 ,i would not hurt him at all1 but on the other hand wish him to be well received and to be honored every where4 ,this advice1 however1 ,i wish you to consider general1 and not with reference to any particular case4 ,count ,monte-,leone1 continued the ,prince1 is worthy of your ,majesty's kindest wishes4 ,he has only the noble qualities of his nation1 energy1 enthusiasm1 and courage4 ,his is an exalted mind1 which a cruel family sorrow may for a time have led astray1 but ,i will answer for him as ,i would for myself4 ,ah1 said the ,king1 that is indeed saying much4 ,not enough for his merit4 ,i would be proud if ,i resembled him4 ,at this the ,king could not repress his laughter1 and the ,prince looked at him with surprise1 and almost with anger4 ,the ,king soon resumed4 ,excuse me1 ,prince1 but you exhibited so extravagant an anxiety--no1 no1 virtuous as ,monte-,leone may be1 ,i like you as you are4 ,do not therefore envy his devotion1 great as that may be to us4 ,i like yours best4 ,i will then tell the ,count1 said the ,prince1 the favor your ,majesty has deigned to grant him4 ,no1 no--not ,i4 ,with affairs of that kind ,i have nothing to do4 ,i leave that honor to the minister4 ,adieu1 ,prince1 said he1 and come soon to see me again4 ,then ask something of me which may be worth granting4 ,the ,prince bowed respectfully1 and left4 ,excellent man1 said ,louis ,,xviii41 as he left4 ,he would have been surprised had ,i told him4444 ,that ,italian has bewitched him4444 ,on the evening before the day on which this scene took place1 a man wrote in his office by the light of a shaded lamp1 which made every thing but half visible4 ,it was ten o'clock4 ,a door opened1 and an officer of one of the courts appeared4 ,m4 ,h44441 the chief of the political police of whom we have already spoken1 lifted up his head4 ,what is the matter8 and who is now come to interrupt me8 said he1 with marked ill-humor4 ,the officer who had come in1 and who was a ,huissier1 said1 ',the ,stranger1' and as ,monsieur receives him always-- ,let him come in1 said ,m4 ,h44441 eagerly4 ,you were right to announce him4 ,the person whom we have previously seen with a mask at the house of ,m4 ,h44441 entered1 and looked carefully around to see that he was with the ,chief of ,police alone4 ,many months had passed1 and all we have described had taken place4 ,for since then1 we have gone1 like a sound logician1 backwards1 in order to expose our data distinctly before we proceed to define their consequences4 ,now the first appearance of the masked man in the cabinet of ,m4 ,h4444 coincided with the painful scene in which ,taddeo ,rovero had crushed the hopes of the ,duchess of ,palma by revealing to her the probability of the marriage of ,monte-,leone and ,aminta4 ,monsieur1 said the stranger to ,m4 ,h44441 have ,i kept my promise8 ,yes1 said ,h4444 ,have ,i unfolded the plot of ,carbonarism8 ,you have satisfied me of the existence of the ,french ,venta1 and of their identity with those of ,italy and ,spain4 ,we have written to the police of those nations1 and all was discovered to be exact1 so that in a few days the governments of those countries will have acted4 ,have ,i named you the chief ,carbonari in ,paris8 ,you have4 ,have ,i given you their secret notes and books8 ,in relation to that1 ,i am but partially satisfied1 but ,i do not need the copies but the documents themselves1 in the handwriting of their authors4 ,you will have them--but there is an ,italian proverb1 ,chi va piano1 va sano6 e chi va sano1 va lontano4 ,i told you the fruit was not yet ripe4 ,i think1 however1 the time is approaching to gather it1 and in a month ,i will-- ,but1 said ,h44441 does not this delay endanger all8 ,may they not act1 while we pause8 ,do you wish to know by your own observation who are the conspirators8 said the stranger4 ,i do1 said ,h4444 ,do you wish to see--to hear them8 ,yes1 and to arrest them4 ,not yet--it is too soon4 ,while your fowlers entrapped a few fledgelings the rest of the covey would escape4 ,how can ,i see and hear them8 ,i alone can enable you to do so1 or rather not ,i1 but the person whose agent ,i am4 ,and when8 said ,m4 ,h44441 impatiently4 ,in three days4 ,it is1 however1 first necessary to repair a grave error which endangers all our hopes4 ,what fault8 ,the ,minister of the ,interior1 continued the man1 has ordered three foreigners1 a ,german1 a ,spaniard1 and an ,italian1 to leave ,france4 ,those persons are ,dr4 ,spellman of ,berlin1 the ,duke ,d4444 of ,madrid1 and ,count ,monte-,leone of ,naples4 ,true1 said ,m4 ,h4444 ,this is at the request of the ministers of those three nations4 ,well1 said the mysterious man1 it must be at once revoked4 ,why8 ,because1 if one of these men leave ,paris1 you have nothing to expect from me4 ,what say you8 asked ,h44441 with surprise4 ,i am1 said the stranger1 in a low tone1 as ,i told you1 the agent of one of those strangers4 ,in his name alone ,i can tell you what you are so anxious to know--without him ,i can do nothing4 ,the elevated position of this man1 his rank1 his connection with ,carbonarism1 enable him to hear and know all4 ,without him ,i am reduced to silence and inertness2 for ,i repeat to you1 that he is the thought of which ,i am the action4 ,destroy him1 and the other is valueless1 and you return to ignorance--become especially dangerous as the time approaches for the mine to explode beneath your feet and those of the ,french monarchy4 ,why not name that man8 why does he not name himself8 ,because he wishes to preserve his reputation--because he would rather die than avow his services4 ,ah1 indeed6 said ,h4444 ,the matter is difficult4 ,the minister will not revoke these orders3 for1 while one of the men ceases to be an enemy of the country1 the other two yet are4 ,more than two--twenty of the most powerful1 and two hundred thousand others to follow them4 ,but what interest1 asked ,m4 ,h44441 who hoped to arrive by a round about way at a discovery of the one of the three1 the presence of whom was so necessary at ,paris4 ,what reason can your patron have to serve us1 if he asks for neither gold1 place1 nor favor8 ,a far deeper interest than any of them4 ,that ,i can confide to you--revenge4 ,on whom8 ,his associates--ungrateful men1 who have humiliated him in his self-esteem4 ,how8 ,that is my secret and his4 ,well1 said ,h44441 ,i can understand that4 ,hatred and revenge make as many informers as cupidity4 ,our criminal archives prove that4 ,well1 to the purpose4 ,all three will leave ,paris to-morrow4 ,then with one of them will go the safety of ,france4 ,his name must be a mystery4 ,revoke the orders1 so that our man may remain1 unless you prefer by their departure to break the only thread to guide you in this inextricable labyrinth4 ,but you are here1 said ,h44441 unable to repress his anger1 and wearied of the bravado and menaces of the man4 ,what can be obtained neither by money nor by persuasion1 is often to be had by rigor4 ,very well1 ,monsieur1 said the stranger4 ,i forgot ,i was in a country of treason1 and you forget that you swore to use neither violence nor trickery4 ,you can act as you please4 ,i will however tell you what will be the result of your investigations4 ,i am an humble man1 and belong to my employer as the body does to the soul1 as the hand does to the arm4 ,it will be useless to follow me1 for ,i have no objection to tell you whither ,i go4 ,you may inquire into my past life2 that will be vain1 for ,i will tell you all4 ,you may inquire into my resources1 but you will lose your time1 for ,i will satisfy you myself4 ,there1 however1 you will lose your guide--all else will be a mystery to you1 my relations with this man being of such a nature that ,god alone knows them4 ,they can be penetrated only by my consent4 ,listen to me1 said ,m4 ,h44441 changing his tone3 ,i was wrong--,i was wrong to menace you1 for ,i am weak1 and you are strong4 ,i have nothing1 and you have every thing4 ,i have only control of a few people whom ,i suspect1 unauthenticated documents1 and mere suspicions4 ,in a time when party spirit runs as high as it does now1 after the too frequent mistakes of our police1 we must act on facts and evidence4 ,i see that ,i need you4 ,my power1 however1 gives way to that of another1 and the minister alone can revoke the order of expulsion4 ,perhaps ,i may be able to cause him to revoke it1 but ,i must enforce that demand by a serious motive1 and must satisfy him of the necessity of resisting the demands of the allied sovereigns1 and of keeping two dangerous men in ,paris as the price of one useful one4 ,i now understand the meaning of the mystery which surrounds your patron1 and to prevent suspicion there must be three pardons4 ,give me then an argument which cannot be contradicted4 ,give me the name which you now keep secret4 ,you know that ,i have kept my first oath with you1 and ,i swear the minister alone shall be informed of the secret4 ,as he listened to ,m4 ,h4441 the stranger thought profoundly4 ,he then seemed to adopt an energetic resolution1 and uttered these strange words--,true1 the higher the eminence from which a body falls1 the more crushing the blow4 ,what do you say8 said ,h444 ,that your idea is correct1 and changes my plan4 ,when ,i came hither1 ,i thought your will alone could correct the mistake which has been made4 ,i now see it cannot1 and have made up my mind4 ,sit there1 said he to ,h44441 who was astonished at his unceremonious tone1 sit there4 ,he pointed out an arm-chair before the desk4 ,what do you want now8 said ,h4444 ,what the favor you have asked from me authorizes me to demand4 ,an arm1 said he1 the blows of which cannot be parried4 ,i wish you to sign me a letter of mark or a pass1 as you please to call it1 which permits those whom you employ to pass without disturbance4 ,beautiful6 said ,m4 ,h44441 with a smile2 now ,i understand you4 ,he wrote3 ,i recognize as a member of my police1 employed by me1 ,monsieur4444 ,he paused1 and looked anxiously at the stranger4 ,the latter leaned towards the ,chief of ,police1 and in so low a tone that ,h4444 could scarcely hear him1 uttered a name which made the latter drop his pen4 ,he however rallied himself1 and wrote down the name4 ,this document he afterwards authenticated by the seal of the police1 and gave to the stranger4 ,this is well1 said the latter1 as he received it4 ,now be quick1 for time presses1 and the three persons will in a few hours have left ,paris4444 ,when the man had left1 and was alone1 an atrocious smile appeared on his lips4 ,this smile1 however1 was interrupted by an acute pain in his left arm4 ,then taking the paper which ,h4444 had given him1 he placed it on the wound1 and said1 ,this is a cure for a wound ,i thought incurable--for steel and poison4 ,,footnotes3 #b ,continued from page #ejd1 vol4 iii4 #c ,at this time one or the ultra-royalist factions1 called ,les ,timides4 ,from ,fraser's ,magazine4 ,a ,,trot ,,on ,,the ,,island4 ,,by ,,charles ,,astor ,,bristed4 ,ashburner did leave ,oldport1 after all1 before the end of the season1 being persuaded to accompany a countryman and schoolmate of his 7whom he had last seen two years before in ,connaught1 and who now happened to pass a day at ,oldport1 on his way ,canada-ward from the south7 in a trip to the ,white ,mountains of ,new-,hampshire2 though his ,american acquaintances1 especially the ladies1 tried hard to dissuade him from starting before the grand fancy ball1 with which the season terminated1 assuring him that most of our set would come back1 if only for that one night1 and that it would be a very splendid affair1 and so forth4 ,nature had more charms for him than art1 and he went away to ,new ,hampshire1 making an appointment with ,benson by letter to meet him at ,ravenswood early in ,september4 ,but a traveller cannot make sure of his movements a fortnight ahead4 ,on his return from the ,white ,mountains1 ,ashburner had his pocket picked at a railway station 7these little incidents of highly civilized life are beginning to happen now and then in ,america4 ,the inhabitants repudiate any native agency therein1 and attribute them all to the swell-mob emigrants from ,england71 and1 in consequence1 was obliged to retrace his steps as far as ,new-,york to visit his banker4 ,almost the first person he ran against in the street was ,harry ,benson4 ,this is an unexpected pleasure6 exclaimed the ,new-,yorker4 ,i never thought to see you here1 and you1 ,i presume didn't expect to see me4 ,ashburner explained his mishap4 ,well1 ,i meant to go straight over to ,ravenswood after the ball1 but we had to come home--all of us this time--on business4 ,lots of ,french furniture arrived for our town house4 ,mrs4 ,b4 couldn't rest till she had seen it all herself1 and had it properly arranged4 ,so here have ,i been five days1 fussing1 and paying1 and swearing 7legally1 you understand1 not profanely7 at the custom-house1 and then 'hazing'--what you call slanging upholsterers2 and now that the work is all over1 ,i mean to take a little play1 and am just going over to see ,lady ,suffolk and ,trustee trot on the island4 ,come along4 ,it's a beautiful drive of eight miles1 and ,i have a top-wagon4 ,it is to meet me at the ,park in a quarter of an hour4 ,ashburner assented4 ,i want to buy some cigars2 you have no objection to accompany me a moment4 ,so they turned down one of the cross-streets running out of the lower part of ,broadway 7which1 it may be here mentioned1 for the benefit of ,english readers and writers1 is not called the ,broadway71 and entered a store five or six stories high1 with two or three different firms on each floor2 and ,benson led the way up something between a ladder and a staircase into a small office1 with ,bleecker ,brothers dimly visible on a tin plate over the door4 ,three-fourths of the apartment were filled up with all manner of inviting samples1 every wine1 liquor1 and liqueur under the sun1 in every variety of bottle or vial1 thick with the dust of years1 or open for immediate tasting2 and through the dingy panes of a half glass door a multitudinous array of bottles might be seen loading the numerous shelves of a large store-room beyond4 ,in a small clearing at one corner1 where a small desk was kept in countenance by a small table1 and three or four old chairs1 with a background of shelves groaning under the choicest brands of the fragrant weed1 sat the presiding deities of the place--the two little ,bleeckers--the dark brother of thirty-five1 and the light brother of twenty1 like two sketches of the same man in chalk and charcoal2 both elegantly dressed--white trousers1 patent leather shoes1 exuberant cravats1 massive chains1 and all the usual paraphernalia of young ,new-,york--altogether looking as much in place as a couple of butterflies in an ant-hill4 ,good morning1 gentlemen1 said ,benson4 ,here's our friend ,ashburner1 and he pushed forward the ,englishman4 ,the brothers rose1 laid down the morning journals over which they had been lounging1 and welcomed the stranger to their place of business4 ,what's the news this morning8 ,nothing at all1 ,i believe1 replied the elder4 ,south ,carolina has been threatening to dissolve the ,union again--and that's no news4 ,stay1 did you see this about ,bishop ,hughes and ,sam ,thunderbolt1 the ,native ,american member of ,congress from ,pennsylvania8 ,i haven't seen even a newspaper for the last three days4 ,well1 ' ,john of ,new-,york1'--cross ,john1 as your brother ,carl used to call him--was in the same rail-car with ,thunderbolt1 coming from ,philadelphia to ,new-,york2 and the ,congressman didn't know who he was1 but probably suspected he was a priest4 ,yes1 you can generally tell a priest by his looks4 ,even an intelligent horse will do that4 ,once ,i was riding with one of our bishops near ,boston1 and his nag shied suddenly at a man in a broad-brimmed hat4 ,says the right reverend 7we don't call 'em 'my lord' in this country1 you know1 ,ashburner71 ',i shouldn't wonder if that was a ,romish priest2' and we looked again1 and it was4 ,there was a ,protestant horse for you6 ,what a treasure he would have been to an ,orangeman6 ,so ,thunderbolt began to abuse the ,roman ,catholics generally1 and the priests particularly1 and that brawling bigot ,johnny ,hughes most particularly4 ,hughes1 who is a wary man1 polite and self-possessed1 sat through it all without saying a word2 till another gentleman in the car asked ,thunderbolt if he knew who that was opposite him4 ,he didn't know4 ',it's ,bishop ,hughes1' says the other1 in a half whisper4 ',are you ,bishop ,hughes8' exclaims the native1 quite off his guard4 ',they call me so1' answered the other1 with a quiet smile1 expecting to enjoy the humiliating confusion of his denouncer2 and the other passengers shared in the expectation1 and were prepared for a titter at ,thunderbolt's expense4 ,but instead of attempting any apology1 or showing any further embarrassment1 he pulled out an eyeglass1 and after looking at the ,jesuit through it for some time1 thus announced the result of his inspection--',oh1 you are1 are you8 ,well1 you're just the kind of looking loafer ,i should have expected ,johnny ,hughes to be4' ,i don't believe ,hughes was much disconcerted either1 said the elder brother2 he doesn't lose his balance easily4 ,i never heard of his being put out but once1 and that was when ,governor ,bouck met him4 ,he was a jolly old ,dutchman1 ,mr4 ,ashburner1 who used to go about electioneering1 and asking every man he came across--how he was1 and how his wife and family were4 ,when ,bishop ,hughes was introduced to him1 they thought the governor would know enough to vary the usual question a little2 but he didn't1 and asked after the ,romish bishop's wife and family with all possible innocence2 and ,hughes1 for once in his life1 was nonplussed what to answer4 ,ah1 but you haven't told the end of that1 put in ,benson4 ,when the governor's friends tried to explain to him the mistake he had made1 and the category the ,romish ecclesiastics were in1 he said1 ',o yas1 ,i see1 ,i should have asked after de children only1 and said nossing about de woman4' ,as you say1 ,hughes generally has his wits about him1 no doubt4 ,he played our custom-house a trick that they will not forget in a hurry4 ,soon after ,general ,harrison and the ,whigs came in1 and ,curtis was made collector of our port1 there arrived a great lot of what the ,french call articles de religion1 robes1 crucifixes1 and various ornaments1 for ,hughes' cathedral4 ,now these were all ,french goods1 and subject to duty1 and a notification to that effect was sent to the proper quarter4 ,down comes ,hughes in a great rage4 ',mr4 ,curtis1 ,mr4 ,curtis1 we never had to do this before4 ,your predecessor1 ,mr4 ,hoyt1 always let our articles of religion in free of duty4' ',can't help what my predecessor1 ,mr4 ,hoyt1 used to do1' says ,curtis2 'the law is so and so1 as ,i understand it1 and these articles are subject to duty4 ,if you like1 you may pay the duties under protest1 and bring a suit against ,uncle ,sam#d to recover the money4' 7,you see1 the ,loco ,focos had always favored the ,romish priests to get the ,irish vote4 ,the ,whigs didn't in those days--it was before our side had been corrupted by ,seward1 and such miserable demagogues2 and ,curtis wasn't sorry to see his political opponent the ,bishop in a tight place47 ,after ,hughes had blustered awhile1 and found it did no good1 he tried the other tack1 and began to expostulate4 ',is there no way at all1 ,mr4 ,curtis1' says he1 'by which these articles may be passed1 free of duty8' ',none at all1' says the other1 'unless'--and he paused1 hardly knowing whether it would do to hint at such a thing1 even in jest--'unless1 bishop1 you are willing to swear that these are tools of your trade4' ',and sure they are that6' quoth ,hughes1 snapping him up1 'bring on your book2' and he had the goods sworn through in less than no time1 before ,curtis could recover himself4 ,not a bad hit1 said the ,englishman4 ,tools of his trade6 ,so they were1 sure enough2 but one would not have expected him to own it so coolly4 ,unless there was something to be got by it1 continued ,benson4 ,now this is true--every word of it1 though it has been in the newspapers2 and the way ,i came to find it out was this4 ,one day ,i saw in the advertising columns of the ,blunder and ,bluster1 a circular from the ,secretary of the ,treasury1 stating that 'crucifixes1 whether of silver or copper1 images1 silk and velvet vestments1 and theological books1 did not come under the head of tools of trade1 but were subject to duty4' ,it was a funny looking notice1 and there was evidently something behind it2 so ,i took the trouble to inquire1 and found that the cause of the order was this clever stroke of ,hughes4 ,going to the trot to-day8 ,the younger brother was going1 and it was near the time when he expected his wagon4 ,dicky wasn't4 ,he had given up trots ten years ago--thought them low4 ,give me a few cigars before we go1 said ,benson4 ,what have you here that's first rate8 ,carbagal1 ,firmezas1 ,antiguedad4 ,h--m4 ,i'll take a dozen ,firmezas1 and you may send me the rest of the box4 ,don't you want some champagne--veritable ,cordon ,bleu--only fourteen dollars a dozen1 and a discount if you take six cases8 ,and if you wish to secure some tall ,lafitte1 we bought some odd bottles at old ,van ,zandt's sale the other day4 ,you remember drinking that wine at ,wilson's last summer8 ,benson remembered it perfectly1 and would take the ,lafitte by all means4 ,put that down1 ,mr4 ,snipes2 and for the first time1 ,ashburner was aware of the clerk--a very young gentleman1 who appeared from behind the desk1 and booked the order at it4 ,and how about the champagne8 ,j'y penserai4 ,time to go4 ,vamos4 ,and ,benson carried off his friend4 ,you were a little taken aback1 weren't you8 he asked1 as they went in quest of the wagon4 ,when you saw these men figuring in the ,german cotillion1 and helping to lead the fashion at ,oldport1 you hardly expected to encounter them in such a place4 ,well1 now1 let me tell you something that will astonish you yet more4 ,so far from its being against these brothers in society that they are1 what you would call in plain ,english a superior order of grocers1 it is positively in their favor2 that is to say1 they are more respected1 better received1 and stand a better chance of marrying well1 than if they did nothing4 ,they might do nothing if they chose4 ,they had enough to live very well on en garcon4 ,the ,bleeckers are of our best known and most thoroughly respectable families4 ,the sons had no taste for books2 they have a very good taste for wine and cigars1 and have undertaken what they are best fit for4 ,it's better than being nominal lawyers8 ,pecuniarily1 no doubt2 but is it as good for the whole development of the man8 ,was it you1 or your friend ,harrison1 who instanced ,richard ,bleecker as a man who had made no progress in any thing manly for fifteen years8 ,that is the fault of his natural disposition1 which would not be bettered by his making believe to be a professional man1 or being an avowedly idle one4 ,he is frivolous and ornamental for a part of his time--during the rest1 he has his business to occupy him4 ,if he had not that1 he would spend all his time in elegant idleness1 and know no more than he does now4 ,his pursuits bring him in money1 which will be a comfort to his wife and family when he marries--though1 to be sure1 he is rather ancient for that2 a single man at thirty-five is with us a confirmed old bachelor4 ,but his brother is in a fair way to form a nice establishment4 ,now tell me another thing4 ,suppose the ,bleeckers had chosen to become jewellers1 or merchant tailors--they might be good judges of either business1 and make money by it--how would that affect their position8 ,unfavorably1 ,i confess1 replied ,benson4 ,but we ,gothamites have so thorough a respect for1 and appreciation of1 good wine and cigars1 that the importation of them is considered particularly laudable4 ,any further discussion was stopped by their arrival at that dreary triangular square 7more hibernico loqui7 called the ,park1 where ,benson's wagon awaited him--not the red-wheeled one2 this vehicle was of a uniform dark green1 furnished with a top 7a desirable appendage when the thermometer stands #he deg4 in the shade17 and lined throughout with drab4 ,the ponies were carefully enveloped to the very tips of their ears in white fly-nets4 ,as the groom saw ,benson approaching1 he put himself and the top through a series of queer evolutions1 which ended in the latter being lowered--a very necessary operation1 to allow any one to get in with comfort2 and after ,benson and ,ashburner were in1 he put it up again with some ado1 and then went his way1 the concern only holding two4 ,then ,benson turned the wagon round by backing and locking1 and making it undergo a series of contortions as if he wanted to double it up into itself1 and run over himself with his own wheels1 and drove to the ,fulton ,ferry2 for to arrive at the ,centreville ,course on ,long ,island--familiarly designated as the island--you first pass through ,brooklyn1 that trans-,hudsonian suburb of ,new ,york1 which thirty years ago was a miserable little village1 and now contains upwards of ninety thousand inhabitants4 ,and how did the ball go off8 asked ,ashburner1 as they rolled up the main avenue of ,brooklyn1 at the slowest possible trot1 according to the well known rule1 always to take a fast horse easy over pavement4 ,on board the ferry-boat there had not been much conversation1 the horses being so worried by the flies as to require all ,benson's attention4 ,oh1 it was rather a fiasco1 but we had some fun4 ,some predicted that the fashionables would come back1 but they didn't1 except a few of the young men2 and all of our set that were there threatened to go out of costume2 but then we recollected that would have been a very ,irish way of serving out ,mr4 ,grabster1 as by the established regulation in such cases1 we should have had to pay double for tickets2 so most of us took sailors' or firemen's dresses--the cheapest and commonest disguises we could get2 and the ladies made some trivial addition to their ordinary ball-dresses--a wreath or a few extra flowers--and called themselves brides1 or ,floras1 and so on4 ,and some of the crack ,bostonians blasphemed the expense1 and went in plain clothes4 ,so we had the consolation of making fun of all the outsiders1 and their attempts at costume--such supernumeraries as most of them were6 ,and none of the comme-il-faut people would serve on the committee1 so ,grabster had nobody to get up the room in proper style1 and it looked like a ',ripton' ball-room2 and ,the ,sewer reporters were there1 in all their glory4 ,the ,irishman had borrowed or stolen a uniform somewhere1 and the ,frenchman was appropriately arrayed in red as a devil1 and he went about taking notes of all the people's dresses1 especially the ladies'2 and as our ladies were not in costume1 he thought he must have something to do with them1 and so presented some of them with bouquets1 which they wouldn't take1 of course2 and the young men trod on his toes and elbowed him off till he swore he would put them all in his paper4 ,and we danced away1 notwithstanding ,the ,sewer and all its works4 ,tom ,edwards was accoutred as ,mose the fireman1 and ,sumner had an old ,french debardeur dress of his1 just the thing for the occasion1 only his shoes were too big2 and after tripping up himself and his partner four times1 he kicked them off clean into the orchestra1 and fearfully aggravated the fiddlers2 and he took it as coolly as he does every thing--put on a pair of ordinary boots1 and was polking away again in five minutes4 ,and we kept it up till two in the morning1 polka chiefly1 with a sprinkling of deuxtemps1 and then had a very bad supper1 and some very bad wine1 of ,mr4 ,grabster's providing--genuine ,new ,jersey champagne4 ,how we looked after the dancing6 ,sumner's debardeur shirt might have been wrung out1 it was so wet2 and ,mrs4 ,harrison--she had got herself up as ,undine--was dripping enough for half-a-dozen water-nymphs2 and ,miss ,friskin had a shiny green silk dress2 we had been polking together1 and my white waistcoat1 and pants1 and cravat1 were all stained green1 as if ,i had been playing with a gigantic butterfly4 ,and then after supper1 when there was no one but our ,german cotillion set left1 and just as we had put the chairs in order1 the musicians struck work1 and would not play any more 7you know what an impracticable1 conceited1 obstinate brute a third-rate ,german musician is71 saying they were only bound to play just so long2 so ,i gave them a good slanging in their own tongue 7,i know ,german enough to blow up a man1 and a fine strong language it is for the purpose72 and ,white swore it was too bad1 and ,edwards tried to make them a conciliatory speech--only he was too tipsy to talk straight2 and ,sumner offered them fifty dollars to go on playing4 ,thereupon1 up and spake the big bass-viol1--',we ton't want your money2 we want to be dreated like chentlemens2' and then ,frank lost his temper4 ',i'll treat you1' says he2 and with that he delivered right and left into the bass-viol1 and knocked him through his own instrument2 and then some one knocked ,sumner over the head with a trombone2--then we all set to1 and gave the musicians their change 7we owed them a little before1 for it wasn't the first time they had been saucy to us17 and we thrashed them essentially1 and comminuted a few of their instruments4 ,and half-a-dozen of the ,irish waiters came out1 with their sleeves rolled up1 to fight for the honor of the house1 and protect ,mr4 ,grabster's property--meaning the musicians1 ,i suppose2--and ,haralson of ,alabama1 one of your regular six-feet-two-in-his-stockings ,south ,western men1 who had come ,north to learn the polka1 and become civilized--,haralson pulled out a ,bowie and swore he would whistle them up if they didn't make themselves scarce4 ,by ,jove6 you should have seen the ,paddies scud6 ,and ,i caught ,the ,sewer reporter 7the ,irish one7 in the melee1 and let him have a kick that landed him in the middle of the floor1 telling him he might put that into his next letter1 and afterwards go to a place worse even than ,the ,sewer office4 ,then1 after all the enemy were fairly routed1 we adjourned to my parlor4 ,i had some good champagne of my own1 and a pate or two1 and some ,firmezas1 and we held a jolly revel till four o'clock1 and then the ladies retired1 and we quiet married men did the same1 and the boys went to fight the tiger1 and ,edwards lost #adjj dollars1 and some of them took to running foot-races for a bet on the post-road4 ,haralson outran all the rest--and his senses too--and was found next evening about five miles up the road with no coat or hat1 and one stocking off and the other stocking on1 like my son ,john in the nursery rhyme1 and his watch and purse gone4 ,and ,the ,sewer and ,inexpressible said that it was the most brilliant ball that had occurred within the memory of the oldest inhabitants4 ,and that's a pretty fair synopsis of the whole proceedings4 ,by this time they were off the pavement1--a change very sensible and desirable to man and horse1 for an ,american pavement is something beyond imagination or description1 and must be experienced to be understood4 ,the ponies1 without waiting for the word1 went off on their long steady stroke at three-quarters speed1 and though the day was warm and the road heavy1 stepped over the first three miles in twelve minutes1 as ,benson took care to show ,ashburner by his watch4 ,they challenged wagon after wagon1 but no one seemed inclined to race at this stage of the proceedings1 and they glided quietly by every thing4 ,only once was heard the sound of competing feet1 when a black pacer swept up1 with two tall wheels behind him1 and a man mysteriously balanced between them4 ,after the sulky is manners1 said ,harry1 slackening his speed1 and giving the pacer a wide berth2 and the man on the wheels whizzed by like a mammoth insect1 and was soon lost to view amid a cloud of dust4 ,and now they arrived at a tavern where the owners of fast crabs were wont to repose1 to water their horses1 and brandy-and-water themselves4 ,the former operation is performed very sparingly1 the supply of liquid afforded to the animals consisting merely of a spongeful passed through their mouths2 the latter is usually conducted on more liberal principles4 ,but as our friends felt no immediate desire to liquor1 ,benson amused himself while the horses rested by putting down his top1 for the sky had slightly clouded over1--a favorable circumstance1 he remarked1 for the trot4 ,just as he was starting his ponies1 with a chirrup1 a tandem developed itself from under the shed1 and its driver greeted him with a friendly nod4 ,good afternoon1 ,mr4 ,losing1 quoth ,harry1 raising his whip-hand in answer to the salute2 then1 sotto voce to ,ashburner1 a ,long-,island fancy man3 lots of money1 and no end of fast horses4 ,mr4 ,losing had a thin hatchety face1 and a very yellow complexion1 with hair and beard to match4 ,he wore a yellow straw-hat1 and a yellowish-gray summer paletot1 with yellowish-brown linen trousers4 ,his light gig 7of the kind technically called a double-sulky7 was painted a dingy yellow-ochre2 the horses were duns1 the fly-nets drab1 and what little harness there was1 retained the original law-calf color of its leather2 in short1 the whole concern had a general pervading air of dun1 which but for the known wealth of its owner might have been suggestive of unpleasant ,joe-,millerisms4 ,the only exception was his companion1 a gay horse-dealer and jockey1 who acted as amateur groom on this occasion4 ,mr4 ,van ,eyck had sufficient diversity of color in his dress to relieve the monotony of a whole landscape1--blue coat and gilt buttons1 lilac waistcoat and ditto1 red cravat and red-striped check shirt1 white hat and trousers4 ,his apparel might have been a second-hand suit of ,bird ,simpson's4 ,as the gig came out close at the wheels of the wagon1 the two whips interchanged glances1 as much as to say1 ,here's at you6 and ,come on6 and ,losing tightened his reins2 then1 as his leader ranged up alongside ,benson's horses1 the latter drew up his lines also1 and the teams went off together4 ,a good team race is more exciting to both the lookers-on and the performers than any contest of single horses2 there is twice as much noise1 twice as much skill in driving1 and apparently greater speed1 though in reality less4 ,neither had started at the top of their gait1 but they kept gradually and proportionally crowding the pace1 till they were going about seventeen miles an hour1 and at that rate they kept for the first half-mile exactly in the same relative position as they had started4 ,no one spoke a word2 the close contact of horses in double harness excites them so1 that they require checking rather than encouragement2 but ,benson with a rein in his hand was feeling every inch of his ponies1 and watching every inch of the road4 ,losing sat like a statue1 and his horses seemed to go of themselves4 ,then1 as the ground began to rise1 ,losing drew gradually ahead1 or rather ,benson's team came back to him2 still it was inch by inch2 in the next quarter the wheeler instead of the leader was alongside the other team1 and that was all ,losing had gained4 ,then ,harry1 with some management1 got both reins into one hand1 and lifted his nags a little with the whip4 ,at the same time ,losing altered his hold for the first time1 and shook up his horses4 ,there was a corresponding increase of speed in both parties1 which kept them in the same respective position1 and so they struggled on for a little while longer1 till just before the road descended again1 ,benson made another effort to recover his lost ground4 ,in so doing1 he imprudently loosened his hold too much1 and his off horse went up4 ,the moment ,firefly lost his feet ,benson threw his whole weight upon the horses1 and hauled them across the road1 close in behind ,losing's gig1 the break having lost him just a length1 so that when they struck into their trot again they were at the ,long-,islander's wheel4 ,down the hill they went1 faster than ever2 the wagon could not gain an inch on the gig1 or the gig shake the wagon off4 ,but ,losing had manifestly the best of it1 as all his dust went into the face of ,benson and ,ashburner1 enveloping and powdering them and their equipage completely4 ,their only consolation was1 that they were bestowing a similar one on every wagon that they passed4 ,as both teams were footing their very best1 ,benson's only chance of getting by was in case one of the tandems should happen to break1 a chance which he kept ready to take advantage of4 ,by and by the leader went up1 but ,losing1 who had his horses under perfect command1 let him run a little way1 and caught him again into his trot without losing any thing4 ,nevertheless ,benson1 who had seen the break1 made a push to go by1 and with a great shout crowded his team up to the wheeler1 but there they broke1--this time both horses1--and before he could bring them down he was two lengths in the rear4 ,then ,losing drew on one side1 and slackened his speed1 and ,benson also pulled up almost to a walk4 ,his double sulky is lighter than my wagon1 said ,harry1 even without the top1 and the top makes fifty pounds difference4 ,the machine is built a little heavier than the average1 purposely because it rides easier1 and shakes the horses less when there are inequalities in the road1 so that besides being pleasanter to go in1 a team can take it along about as fast as any thing lighter for a short brush1 but when the horses are so nearly equal1 and you have some miles to go on a heavy road1 the extra weight tells4 ,however1 it is no disgrace to be beaten by ,losing1 any way1 for his horses are his study and specialite4 ,every fortnight the bolts and screws of his wagon are re-arranged2 his collars fit like gloves2 he has a particular kind of watering-pot made on purpose to water his horses' legs4 ,every trifle is rigorously attended to4 ,you ought to visit his1 or some other sporting man's stable here1 just to note the difference between that sort of thing with us and with you4 ,instead of hunters and steeple-chasers1 you will see fine trotters together that can all beat #b' #ej''4 ,the road happened just then to be pretty clear1 so they proceeded leisurely for some miles further1 till just as they were quitting the turnpike for a lane which led to the course1 the rattle of wheels and the shouts of drivers came up behind them4 ,benson1 not disposed to swallow any more of other people's dust if he could help it1 waked up his horses at once1 and they clattered along the lane1 up hill and down1 and over a railroad track1 and past numerous wagons1 at a faster rate than ever4 ,do get out of the way6 shouted ,henry to one primitive gentleman1 with a very tired horse1 who was occupying exactly the centre of the road4 ,you go to ----4 ,the individual addressed was probably about to say something very bad1 when ,benson1 who was a moral man1 and had the strongest wheels1 cut short any possible profanity for the moment by driving slap into him1 and knocking him into the ditch1 with the loss of a spoke or two4 ,this collision hardly delayed their speed an instant2 and though some of the pursuers were evidently gaining1 no one overhauled them for three-quarters of a mile1 at the end of which ,starlight and ,firefly swept proudly up to the course1 with a long train in their rear4 ,all the vicinity of the ,centreville ,course--not the stables and sheds merely1 but the lanes leading to it1 the open ground about it1 the whole adjacent country1 one might almost say--was covered with wagons stowed together as closely as cattle in a market4 ,if it had been raining wagons and trotters the night before just over the place1 like showers of frogs that country editors short of copy fill a column with1 or if they had grown up there ready harnessed1 there could not have been a more plentiful supply4 ,wagons1 wagons1 wagons everywhere1 of all weights1 from a hundred and eighty pounds to four hundred1 with here and there a sulky for variety--horses of all styles1 colors1 and merits--no sign of a servant or groom of any kind1 but a number of boys1 mostly blackies1 about one to every ten horses1 who earned a few shillings by looking after the animals1 and watching the carpets1 sheets1 and fly-nets4 ,the only other movables1 the long-handled short-lashed whips1 were invariably carried off by their proprietors4 ,whips and umbrellas are common property in ,america2 they are an exception to the ordinary law of meum and tuum1 and strictly subject to socialist rules4 ,woe to the owner of either who lets his property go one second out of his sight6 ,now then1 ,snowball6 quoth ,benson1 as a young gentleman of color rushed up on the full grin1 stimulated to extra activity by the recollection of the past and the vision of prospective quarters1--take care of the fliers1 and don't let any one steal their tails6 ,i ought to tell you1 he continued to ,ashburner1 leading the way towards the big1 dilapidated1#e unpainted1 barn-like structure1 which appeared to be the rear of the grandstand1 you won't find any gentlemen here--that is1 not above half-a-dozen at most4 ,i was just wondering whether we should see any ladies4 ,benson pointed over his left shoulder2 and they planked their dollar a-piece at the entrance4 ,ashburner's first impression1 when fairly inside1 was that he had never seen such a collection of disreputable looking characters in broad daylight1 and under the open sky4 ,all up the rough broad steps1 that were used indifferently to sit or stand upon2 all around the oyster and liquor stands1 that filled the recess under the steps2 all over the ground between the stand and the track1 was a throng of low1 shabby1 dirty men1 different in their ages1 sizes1 and professions2 for some were farmers1 some country tavern-keepers1 some city ditto1 some horse-dealers1 some gamblers1 and some loafers in general2 but alike in their slang and rowdy aspect4 ,there is something peculiarly disagreeable in an ,american crowd1 from the fact that no class has any distinctive dress4 ,the gentleman and the working-man1 or the loafer1 wear clothes of the same kind1 only in one case they are new and clean1 in the other1 old and dirty4 ,the ragged dress-coats and crownless beavers of the ,irish peasants have long been the admiration of travellers2 now1 elevate these second-hand garments a stage or two in the scale of preservation--let the coats be not ragged1 but shabby1 worn in seam1 and greasy in collar2 the hats whole1 but napless at edge1 and bent in brim2 supply them with old trousers of the last fashion but six1 and you have the general costume of a crowd like the present4 ,but ordinary collections of the ,greek3 oi polloi are relieved by the very superior appearance of the women2 pretty in their youth1 lady-like and stylish even when prematurely faded1 always dressed respectably1 and frequently dressed in good taste1 they form a startling relief and contrast to their cavaliers2 and not only the stranger1 but the native gentleman1 is continually surprised at the difference1 and says to himself1 ,where in the world could such nice women pick up those snobs8 ,here1 where there is not a woman within a mile 7unless that suspicious carriage in the corner contains some gay friends of ,tom ,edwards'71 the congregated male loaferism of these people1 without even a decent looking dog among them1 is enough to make a man button his pockets instinctively4 ,amid this wilderness of vagabonds may be seen grouped together at the further corner of the stand the representatives of the gentlemanly interest1 numbering1 as ,benson had predicted1 about half-a-dozen4 ,losing1 with his yellow blouse and moustache to match2 ,tom ,edwards1 in a white hat and trousers1 and black velvet coat2 ,harrison1 slovenly in his attire1 and looking almost as coarse as any of the rowdies about1 till he raises his head1 and shows his intelligent eyes2 ,bleecker1 who had just arrived2 and a few specimens of ,young ,new-,york like him4 ,benson carries his friend that way1 and introduces him in due form to the ,long ,islander1 who receives him with an elaborate bow4 ,ashburner offers a cigar to ,losing1 who accepts the weed with a nod of acknowledgment 7for he rarely opens his mouth except to put something into it1 or to make a bet71 and offers one of his in return1 which ,ashburner trying1 excoriates his lips at the first whiff1 and is obliged to throw it away after the third1 for ,charley ,losing has strong tastes1 will rather drink brandy than wine1 any day1 and smokes tobacco that would knock an ordinary man down4 ,the stranger glances his eye over the scene of action4 ,a barouche and four does not differ more from a trotting wagon1 or a blood courser from a ,canadian pacer1 than an ,english race-course from an ,american track4 ,it is an ellipse of hard ground1 like a good and smooth piece of road1 with some variations of ascent and descent4 ,the distance round is calculated at a mile1 according to the scope of turning requisite for a horse before a sulky--that being the most usual form of trotting2 for a saddle-horse that has the pole1#f it comes practically to a little less2 for a harness-horse 7especially if to a wagon7 with an outside place1 to a little1 or sometimes a good deal more4 ,around the inclosure1 within the track 7which looks as if it were trying hard to grow grass and couldn't71 a few wagons1 which obtained entrance by special favor1 are walking about2 they belong to the few men who have brought their grooms with them4 ,harrison's pet trotter is there1 a magnificent long-tailed bay1 as big as a carriage-horse1 equal to #b' #ej'' on the road before that wagon1 and worth fifteen hundred dollars1 it is said4 ,just inside the track1 and opposite the main stand outside1 is a little shanty of a judge's stand1 and marshalled in front of it are half a dozen notorious pugilists1 and similar characters1 who1 doubtless on the good old principle of set a thief1 c41 are enrolled for the occasion as special constables1 with very special and formidable white bludgeons to keep order1 and precise suits of black cloth to augment their dignity4 ,to come off at three o'clock1 said the handbills4 ,it is now thirty-five minutes past three1 and no signs of beginning4 ,an ,american horse and an ,american woman always keep you waiting an hour at least4 ,one of the judges comes forward1 and raps on the front of the stand with a primitive bit of wood resembling a broken boot-jack4 ,bring out your horses6 ,people look towards the yard on the left4 ,here is one of them just led out2 they pull off his sheets1 his driver climbs up into the little seat behind him4 ,he comes down part of the stand at a moderate gait4 ,hurrah for old ,twenty-miles-an-hour6 ,trustee6 ,trustee6 ,the old chestnut is half-blood2 but you would never guess it from his personal appearance1 so chunky1 and thick-limbed1 and sober-looking is he4 ,his action is uneven1 and seemingly laborious2 you would not think him capable of covering one mile in three minutes1 much less of performing twenty at the same rate4 ,no wonder he hobbles a little behind1 for his back sinews are swelled1 and his legs scarred and disfigured--the traces of injuries received in his youth1 when a cart ran into him1 and cut him almost to pieces4 ,veterinary surgeons1 who delight in such relics1 will show you pieces of sinew taken from him after the accident4 ,that was six or seven years ago3 since then he has solved a problem for the trotting world4 ,there1 says ,benson1 with a little touch of triumph1 is the only horse in the world that ever trotted twenty miles in an hour4 ,i saw it done myself4 ,he was driven nearly two miles before he started1 to warm him up1 and make him limber4 ,when the word was given1 he made a skip1 and though his driver1 not the same that he has now1 caught him before he was fairly off his feet1 he was more than three minutes doing the first mile1 which looked well for the backers of time2 but as the old fellow went on1 he did every mile better than the preceding1 and the last in the best time of all1 winning with nearly half a minute to spare4 ,has the experiment been often tried8 ,not more than two or three times1 ,i believe2 and the horses who attempted it broke down in the eighteenth or nineteenth mile4 ,nevertheless1 ,i think that within the last twelve years we have had two or three horses beside ,trustee who could have accomplished the feat2 but as such a horse is worth two thousand dollars and upwards1 a heavy bet would be required to tempt a man to risk killing or ruining his animal2 and our sporting men1 though they bet frequently1 are not in the habit of betting largely4 ,that is one reason why it has not been tried oftener2 and ,i am inclined to think that there is another and a better motive4 ,the owner of a splendid horse does not like to risk his life2 and it is a risk of life to attempt to trot him twenty miles an hour4 ,pit1 pat6 pit1 pat6 ,the old mare is coming down to the score4 ,a very ordinary looking animal in repose1 the magnificence of her action converts her into a beauty when moving4 ,how evenly her feet rise and fall1 regularly as a machine1 though she is nearly at the top of her speed6 ,she carries her head down1 and her neck stretched out1 and from the tip of her nose to the end of her long white tail1 that streams out in the breeze made by her own progress1 you might draw a straight line1 so true and right forward does she travel4 ,perched over her tail1 between those two tall1 slender wheels1 sits her owner1 ,david ,bryan1 the only man that ever handles her1 in something like a jockey costume1 blue velvet jacket and cap to match1 and his white hair1 whiter than his horse's tail1 streaming in the wind--a respectable and almost venerable looking man2 but a hard boy for all that1 say the knowing ones4 ,great applause from the ,long ,island men1 who swear by the ,lady1 and are always ready to stake their pile on her1 for her owner is a ,long-,islander1 and she is a ,suffolk county1 ,long-,island mare4 ,some eight years ago ,lady ,suffolk was bought out of a baker's cart for #aab dollars1 and since then she has won for ,dave upwards of #cj1jjj dollars4 ,that is what the possessor of a fast trotter most prides himself on--to have bought the animal for a song on the strength of his own eye for his points1 and then developed him into a flier4 ,when a colt is bred from a trotting stallion1 put into training at three or four years old1 and sold the first time for a high price1 if he turns out well there is no particular wonder or merit in it2 if he does not1 the disappointment is extreme4 ,ah1 here comes ,pelham at last--a clean little bay1 stepping roundly1 and lifting his legs well2 you might call it a perfect action1 if we had not just seen ,lady ,suffolk go by--but so wicked about the head and eyes6 ,behind the little horse sits a big ,irishman1 in his shirt sleeves2 and they are hauling away at each other1 pull ,pat1 pull ,pelham1 as if the man wanted to jerk the horse's head off1 and the horse to draw the man's arms out4 ,you see the driver is holding by little loops fastened to the reins1 to prevent his grasp from slipping4 ,pelham is a young horse for a trotter1 say seven years old1 and has already done the fastest mile ever made in harness2 but his temper is terribly uncertain1 and to-day he seems to be in a particularly bad humor4 ,trustee1 who requires much warming up1 goes all round the track1 increasing his speed as he goes1 till he has reached pretty nearly his limit4 ,pelham also completes the circuit1 but more leisurely4 ,the ,lady trots about a quarter of a mile1 then walks a little1 and then brushes back4 ,her returning is even faster and prettier than her going4 #b' #cc''1 says ,losing1 speaking for the first time1 as she crosses the score 7the line in front of the judge's stand74 ,his eye is such that1 given the horse and the track1 he can tell the pace at a glance within half a second4 ,the gentry about are beginning to bet on their respective favorites1 and some upon time--trifling amounts generally--five1 ten1 or twenty dollars2 and there is much pulling out1 and counting1 and depositing of greasy notes4 ,bang6 goes the broken boot-jack again4 ,this time it is not ,bring out your horses6 but ,bring up your horses6--a requisition which the drivers comply with by turning away from the stand4 ,this is to get a start1 a flying start being the rule1 which obviously favors the backers of time1 and is1 in some respects1 fairer to the horses1 but is very apt to create confusion and delay1 especially when three or four horses are entered4 ,so it happens in the present instance3 half way up the quarter1 the horses turn1 not all together1 but just as they happen to be2 and off they go1 some slower and some faster1 trying to fall into line as they approach the score4 ,come back6 ,it's no go1 this time2 ,pelham has broken up1 and is spreading himself all over the track4 ,trustee1 too1 is a length or more behind the gray mare1 and evidently in no hurry4 ,they all go back1 the mare last1 as she was half-way down the other quarter before the recall was understood4 ,what a beauty she is6 says ,harry4 ,and she has the pole too4 ,will you bet two to three on her against the field8 asks ,edwards1 who knew very well that ,trustee is the favorite4 ,benson declines4 ,then will you go on time8 ,will you bet on #g' #db''1 or that they don't beat #g' #dg'' 7three mile heats1 you will recollect1 reader74 ,no1 ,harry won't bet at all2 so ,edwards turns to ,losing4 ,will you bet three to five in hundreds on the ,lady8 ,losing will4 ,they neither plank the money1 nor book the bet1 but the thing is understood4 ,pelham's driver has begged the judges to give the word1 even if he is two lengths behind2 he would rather do that than have his horse worried by false starts4 ,so this time1 perhaps1 they will get off4 ,not yet6 ,bryan's mare breaks up just before they come to the score4 ,harrison hints that he broke her on purpose1 because ,trustee was likely to have about a neck advantage of him in the start4 ,of course they never go the first time1 says ,benson1 and very seldom the second4 ,i saw nine false starts once1 at ,harlaem1 says ,bleecker1 where there were but three horses4 ,better luck next time4 ,it is better luck4 ,pelham lays in the rear full two lengths1 but ,trustee and the mare come up nose and nose to the score1 going at a great pace4 ,go6 ,at the word ,trustee breaks4 ,bah6 take him away6 ,where's ,brydges8 ,the superior skill of his former driver1 is painfully remembered by the horse's friends4 ,but he soon recovers1 and catches his trot about two lengths behind the mare1 and as much in advance of ,pelham2 for the little bay is going very badly1 seems to have no trot in him1 and his driver dares not hurry him4 ,in these respective positions they complete the first quarter4 ,as they approach the half mile1 the distance renders their movements indistinct1 and their speed1 positive or relative1 difficult to determine4 ,you can only make out their position4 ,pelham continues to lose1 and ,trustee has gained a little2 but the gray mare keeps the lead gallantly4 ,i like a trot1 says ,benson1 because you can watch the horses so long4 ,in a race they go by like a flash1 once and again1 and it's all over4 ,in the next quarter they are almost lost to view1 and then they appear again coming home1 and you begin once more to appreciate the rate at which they are coming4 ,still it is not the very best pace2 the ,lady is taking it rather easy1 as if conscious of having it all her own way2 and her driver looks as careless and comfortable as if he were only taking her out to exercise1 when she glides past the stand4 #b' #ce''1 says ,losing4 ,he doesn't need to look at his watch2 but there is great comparing of stop-watches among the other men for the time of the first mile4 ,hardly half a length behind is ,trustee2 he has been gradually creeping up without any signs of being hurried1 and1 clumsily as he goes1 gets over the ground without heating himself4 ,john ,case knows what he's about1 after all1 ,edwards observes1 ,he takes his time1 and so does the old horse2 wait another round1 and1 at the third mile1 they'll be there4 ,but where's ,pelham8 ,is he lost8 ,no1 there he comes2 and1 ,castor and ,pollux1 what a burst6 ,something has waked him up after the other horses have passed the stand1 and while he is yet four or five lengths from it4 ,there's a brush for you6 ,did you ever see a horse foot it so8--as if all the ideas of running that he may ever have had in his life were arrested1 and fastened down into his trot4 ,how he is closing up the gap6 ,if he can hold to that stroke he will be ahead of the field before the first quarter of this second mile is out4 ,a mighty clamor arises1 shouts from his enemies1 who want to break him1 cheers from his injudicious friends4 ,there1 he has lapped ,trustee--he has passed him2 tearing at the bit harder than ever1 he closes with ,lady ,suffolk4 ,bryan does not begin to thrash his mare yet1 he only shows the whip over her2 but yells like a madman at her1 and at ,pelham1 whose driver holds on to him as a drowning man holds on to a rope4 ,they are going side by side at a terrific pace4 ,it can't last2 one of them must go up4 ,the bay horse does go up just at the quarter pole1 having made that quarter1 ,benson says1 in the remarkably short time of thirty-six seconds and a half4 ,pelham's driver can't jerk him across the track2 by doing so1 he would foul ,trustee1 who is just behind2 so he has to let the chestnut go by1 and then sets himself to work to bring down his unruly animal2 no easy matter--for ,pelham1 frightened by the shouting1 and excited by the noise of the wheels1 plunges about in a manner that threatens to spill or break down the sulky2 and twice1 after being brought almost to a full stop1 goes off again on a canter4 ,good bye1 little horse6 there's no more chance for you4 ,by this time1 the ,lady is nearly a quarter of a mile ahead1 and going faster than ever4 ,somehow or other1 ,trustee has increased his speed too1 and is just where he was1 a short half-length behind her4 ,the way in which he hangs on to the mare begins to frighten the ,long-,islanders a little1 but they comfort themselves with the hope that she has something left1 and can let out some spare foot in the third mile1 or whenever it may be necessary4 ,some forty seconds more elapse2 a period of time that goes like a flash when you are training your own flier1 or brushing on the road1 but seems long enough when you are waiting for horses to come round1 and then they appear once more coming home4 ,the mare is still leading1 with her beautiful1 steady1 unfaltering stroke2 but she is by no means so fresh-looking as when she started2 many a dark line of sweat marks her white hide4 ,close behind her comes ,trustee2 the half-length gap has disappeared1 and his nose is ready to touch ,bryan's jacket4 ,there is hardly a wet hair discernible on him2 he goes perfectly at his ease1 and seems to be in hand4 ,he has her now1 is the general exclamation1 and can pass her when he pleases4 ,as the mare crosses the score1 7in #b' #cd''1 according to ,edwards's stop-watch17 ,bryan looks over his left shoulder1 like the knights in old ballads1 and becomes aware for the first time that the horse at his wheel is not ,pelham1 as he had supposed1 but ,trustee4 ,the old fellow is another man4 ,his air of careless security has changed to one of intense excitement4 ,slash6 slash6 slash6 falls the long whip1 with half a dozen frantic cuts and an appropriate garnish of yells4 ,almost any other trotter would go off in a run at one such salute1 to say nothing of five or six2 but the old mare1 who has no break in her1 merely understands them as gentle intimations to go faster--and she does go faster4 ,how her legs double up1 and what a rush she has made6 ,there is a gap of three lengths between her and ,trustee4 ,he never hurries himself1 but goes on steadily as ever4 ,see1 as he passes1 how he straddles behind like an old cow1 and yet how dexterously he paddles himself along1 as it were1 with one hind foot4 ,what a mixture of ugliness and efficiency his action is6 ,at the first quarter the ,lady has come back to him4 ,three times during this1 the last and decisive mile1 is the performance repeated4 ,you may hear ,bryan's voice and whip completely across the course1 as he hurries his mare away from the pursuer2 but each succeeding time the temporary gap is shorter and sooner closed4 ,now they are coming down the straight stretch home4 ,the mare leads yet4 ,case appears to be talking to his horse1 and encouraging him2 if it is so1 you cannot hear him1 for the tremendous row ,lady ,suffolk's driver is making4 ,she had the pole at starting1 has kept it throughout1 and ,trustee must pass her on the outside4 ,this circumstance is her only hope of winning4 ,all her owner's exertions1 and all the encouraging shouts of her friends1 which she now hears greeting her from the stand1 cannot enable her to shake off ,trustee1 but if she can only maintain her lead for six or seven lengths more1 it is enough4 ,the chestnut is directly in her rear2 every blow gets a little more out of her4 ,half the short interval to the goal is passed1 when ,trustee diverges from his straight course1 and shows his head along side ,bryan's wheel4 ,catching his horse short1 ,case puts his whip upon him for the first time1 shakes him up with a great shout1 and crowds him past the mare1 winning the heat by a length4 ,the little bay was so far behind at the end of the second mile1 that no one took any notice of him1 and he was supposed to have dropped out somewhere on the road4 ,his position1 however1 was much improved on the third mile2 still1 as there was a strong probability of his being shut out1 the judges dispatched one of their number to the distance-post with a flag2 a very proper proceeding1 only they thought of it rather late1 for the judge arrived there only just before ,pelham1 and also just before ,trustee crossed the score2 in fact1 the three events were all but simultaneous2 the judge dropped the flag in ,pelham's face1 and ,pelham in return nearly ran over the judge4 ,this episode attracted no attention at the time of its occurrence1 all eyes being directed to the leading horses2 but now it affords materials for a nice little row1 ,pelham's driver protesting violently against the distance4 ,there is much thronging1 and vociferating1 and swearing about the judge's stand1 into which our burly ,irishman endeavors to force his way4 ,one of the specials favors him with a rap on the head1 that would astonish a hippopotamus4 ,pat doesn't seem to mind it1 but he understands it well enough 7the argument is just suited to his capacity71 and remains tolerably quiet4 ,finally1 it is proclaimed that ,trustee wins the heat in #g' #de''1 and ,pelham is distanced4 ,best three miles ever made in harness1 says ,harrison1 except when ,dutchman did it in #g' #da''4 ,edwards doubts the fact1 and they bet about it1 and will write to the ,spirit of the ,times 7the ,american ,bell's ,life74 ,ashburner and ,benson descended from the stand4 ,the horses1 panting and pouring with sweat1 are rubbed and scraped by their attendants1 three or four to each4 ,then they are clothed1 and walked up and down quietly4 ,they have a rest of nominally half-an-hour1 and practically at least forty minutes4 ,some of the crowd are eating oysters1 more drinking brandy and water1 and a still greater number loafing about without any particular employment4 ,there are two or three thimble-riggers on the ground1 but they seem to be in a barren county2 nobody there is green enough for them2 the very small boys take sights at them4 ,there is a tradition that ,edwards once in his younger days tried his fortune with them4 ,he looked so dandified1 green1 and innocent1 that they let him win five dollars the first time1 and then1 on the rigger's proposing to bet a hundred1 his supposed victim applied the finger of scorn to the nose of derision1 and strutted off with his ,v41#g to the great amusement of the bystanders4 ,tom is very proud of this story1 and likes to tell it himself4 ,that1 and his paying a ,french actress with a check when he had nothing at his banker's1 are two of the great exploits of his life4 ,this is rather a low assemblage1 certainly1 says ,ashburner1 after he has contemplated it from several points of view1 and observed a great many different points of character4 ,do they ever have races here8 ,yes1 every spring and fall1 here1 or on the ,union ,course adjoining4 ,they are rather more decently attended1 but not over respectable1 much less fashionable4 ,at the ,south1 it is different2 there ladies go1 and the club races are some of the most marked features of their city life4 ,i recollect when ,i was a boy1 that these trotting matches were nice things1 and gentlemen used to enter their own horses2 but gradually they have gone down hill to what they are now1 and the names of the best trotters are associated with the hardest characters and the most disreputable species of balls4 ,and when they race1 do the horses run on ground like this8 asked ,ashburner1 stamping on the track1 which was as hard as ,macadam4 ,precisely on this1 and run four-mile heats1 too1 and five of them sometimes4 ,five four-mile heats on ground like this8 ,the ,englishman looked incredulous4 ,exactly4 ,it has happened that each of three has won a heat1 and then there was one dead heat4 ,you will remember1 though1 that we run old horses1 not colts4 ,there is no extra weight for age2 they begin at four or five years old1 and go on till twelve or fourteen4 ,but they must be very liable to accidents1 going on such hard soil4 ,yes1 they do break their legs sometimes1 but not often4 ,our horses are tougher than yours4 ,as they stroll about1 ,benson points out several celebrated fliers that have gained admission inside of the stand1 but prefer remaining outside the track2 some pretty well worn-out and emeriti like ,ripton1 an old rival of ,lady ,suffolk 7the mare has outlasted most of her early contemporaries71 some in their prime1 like the trotting stallion1 ,black ,hawk1 beautifully formed as any blood-horse1 but singularly marked1 being white-stockinged all round to the knee4 ,there1 says ,harry1 is a fellow that belies the old horse-dealer's rhyme3 ',four white legs and a white nose1 ,take him away1 and throw him to the crows4' ,time is up1 and they return to the stand4 ,edwards is bantering ,losing1 and asks him if he will repeat his bet on this heat4 ,he will fast enough1 and double it on the final result4 ,edwards wants nothing better4 ,this time1 for a wonder1 the horses got off at the first start1 and a tremendous pace they make1 altogether too much for ,trustee1 who is carried off his feet in the first half-quarter1 and the ,lady goes ahead three1 four1 five lengths1 and has taken the pole before he can recover4 ,bryan continues to crowd the pace4 ,the mare comes round to the score in #b' #cc''1 leading by four lengths1 and her driver threshing her already4 ,she can't stand it1 say the knowing ones2 she must drop out soon4 ,but she doesn't drop out in the second mile at least1 for at the end of that1 she is still three lengths in advance1 and ,trustee does not appear so fresh as he did last heat4 ,the ,long-,islanders are exultant1 and the sporting men look shy4 ,when they come home in the last quarter1 the chestnut has only taken one length out of the gap2 nevertheless1 he goes for the outside1 and makes the best rush he can4 ,it's no use4 ,he can't get near her2 breaks up again1 and crosses the score a long way behind4 ,much manifestation of boisterous joy among the farmers4 ,edwards looks sold1 and something like a smile passes over ,losing's unimpassioned countenance4 ,it is plain sailing for the judges this time4 ,lady ,suffolk has the heat in #g' #di''1 and there is no mistake or dispute about it4 ,another long pause4 ,eight minutes' sport and three quarters of an hour intermission among such a company begins to be rather dull work4 ,all the topics of interest afforded by the place have been exhausted4 ,harrison and ,benson begin to talk stocks and investments2 the juveniles are comparing their watering place experiences during the summer4 ,ashburner says nothing1 and smokes an indefinite number of cigars2 ,losing says rather less1 and smokes more4 ,edwards has disappeared2 gone1 possibly1 to talk to the doubtful carriages4 ,it is growing dark before they are ready for the third and decisive heat4 ,one false start1 and at the second trial they are off4 ,the mare has the inside1 in right of having won the preceding heat4 ,she crowds the pace from the start1 as usual2 but ,trustee is better handled this time1 and does not break4 ,case allows the ,lady to lead him by three lengths1 and keeps his horse at a steady gait1 in quiet pursuit of her4 ,for two miles their positions are unaltered2 ,bryan's friends cheer him vociferously every time as he comes round2 he replies by a flourish of his long whip and additional shouts to his mare4 ,in the third mile1 ,trustee begins to creep up1 and in the third quarter of it1 just before he gets out of sight from the stand1 is only a length and a half behind4 ,when they appear again1 there are plenty of anxious lookers-out2 and men like our friend ,edwards1 who have a thousand or more at stake on the result1 cannot altogether restrain their emotions4 ,here they come close enough together6 ,trustee has lapped the mare on the outside2 his head is opposite the front rim of her wheel4 ,bryan shouts and whips like one possessed2 ,case's small voice is also lifted up to encourage ,trustee4 ,the chestnut is gaining1 but only inch by inch1 and they are nearly home4 ,now ,case has lifted him with the whip1 and he makes a rush and is at her shoulder4 ,now he will have her4 ,oh1 dear1 he has gone up6 ,hurrah for the old gray6 ,stay6 ,case has caught him beautifully2 he is on his trot again opposite her wheel4 ,one desperate effort on the part of man and horse1 and ,trustee shoots by the mare2 but not till after she has crossed the score4 ,lady ,suffolk is quite done up2 she could not go another quarter2 but she has held out long enough to win the heat and the money4 ,and now1 as it was somewhere in the neighborhood of seven1 and neither ,ashburner nor ,benson had eaten any thing since eight in the morning1 they began to feel very much inclined for dinner1 or supper1 or something of the sort2 and the team travelled back quite as fast as it was safe to go by twilight2 a little faster1 the ,englishman might have thought1 if he had not been so hungry4 ,then1 after crossing the ,brooklyn ferry1 ,benson announced his intention of putting up his horses for the night at a livery stable1 and himself at ,ashburner's hotel1 as it was still a long drive for that time of night to ,devilshoof2 which being agreed upon1 they next dived into an oyster cellar1 of which there are about two to a block all along ,broadway1 and ordered an unlimited supply of the agreeable shellfish1 broiled2--oyster chops1 ,ashburner used to call them2 and the term gives a stranger a pretty good idea of what these large oysters look like1 cooked as they are with crumbs1 exactly in the style of a cotelette panee4 ,and they make very nice eating1 too2 only they promote thirst and induce the consumption of numerous glasses of champagne or brandy and water1 as the case may be4 ,whether this be an objection to them or not1 is matter of opinion4 ,then having adjourned to ,ashburner's apartment in the fifth story of the ,manhattan hotel 7it was a room with an alcove1 ,french fashion71 and smoked numerous ,firmezas there1 the ,englishman turned in for the night2 and ,benson1 who had no notion of paying for a bed when he could get a sofa for nothing1 disposed himself at full length upon ,ashburner's1 without taking off any thing except his hat1 and was fast asleep in less time than it would take ,the ,sewer to tell a lie4 ,,footnotes3 #d ,the ,united ,states government1 7,u4 ,s47 #e ,a very critical friend wants to know if the term dilapidated can1 with strict propriety1 be applied to a wooden building4 #f ,a horse will go the pole in such a time1 means that he will go in double harness4 ,a horse has the pole1 means that he has drawn the place nearest the inside boundary fence of the track4 #g ,a five-dollar bill is so called from the designation in ,roman numerals upon it4 ,from ,chamber's ,edinburgh ,journal4 ,,passages ,,in ,,the ,,life ,,of ,a ,,dutch ,,poet4 ,the name of ,wilhelm ,bilderdyk is scarcely known beyond the boundaries of his own country2 and yet those who are conversant with the ,dutch language place him in a very high rank as a poet4 ,the publication of his first poem1 ,elicus1 formed quite an era in the history of ,dutch literature4 ,it was speedily followed by a faithful and spirited translation of the ,oedipus of ,sophocles1 and versions of other ,greek writers4 ,besides his imaginative pursuits1 he engaged with ardor in the study of geology1 and almost rivalled ,cuvier in his acquaintance with natural history4 ,war and invasion1 however1 interrupted the labors of ,bilderdyk4 ,he quitted ,holland1 travelled through ,germany1 crossed over to ,england1 and finally spent some time amongst the ,scottish ,highlands1 where he employed himself in translating ,ossian's poems into ,dutch verse4 ,he then went to the principality of ,brunswick1 and there composed a very extraordinary work1 ,the ,maladies of ,wise ,men1 a poem whose mild1 lofty sublimity1 unearthly interest1 and grasp of gloomy thought1 entitle it to rank with the ,inferno of ,dante4 ,bilderdyk at length was able to return to his country4 ,louis ,napoleon1 who then reigned at the ,hague1 chose him as his instructor in the ,dutch language1 and named him president of the second class in the ,institute of ,amsterdam4 ,about this time he married a beautiful and clever girl1 named ,wilhelmina2 and for several years they enjoyed together as perfect happiness as this world can give--she occupied in domestic and maternal duties1 and he adding to his fame and fortune by the publication of several works4 ,but at length death visited their dwelling1 and removed within a brief space three lovely children4 ,their loss was commemorated in two poems--,winter ,flowers1 and ,the ,farewell4 ,not long afterwards1 public misfortune came to aggravate his private sorrows4 ,louis ,napoleon left ,holland1 and ,bilderdyk took refuge at ,groningen1 where he stayed for some time1 and then1 rejecting a liberal offer of employment made him by ,william of ,orange1 he set out for ,france1 accompanied by his wife4 ,when they entered the diligence1 they found it occupied but by one person1 a young female of mild and engaging appearance4 ,no sooner did the heavy machine begin to move than she began to scream1 and testified the most absurd degree of terror4 ,public carriages then were certainly far inferior1 both in safety and accommodation1 to those of modern times2 yet the probable amount of danger to be apprehended did not by any means justify the excessive apprehension manifested by the fair traveller4 ,on arriving at ,brussels1 the lady was so much overcome that she announced her intention of stopping some days in that city to recruit her strength before venturing again to encounter the perils of a diligence2 and taking leave of ,bilderdyk and his wife1 she gratefully thanked the latter for the kind attention she had shown her during the journey4 ,the two ,hollanders proceeded on their way to ,paris1 laughing heartily from time to time at the foolish cowardice of a woman who saw a precipice in every rut1 and a certain overturn in every jolt of the wheels4 ,arrived at their journey's end1 the travellers took up their abode in a humble dwelling in the ,rue ,richelieu1 and commenced with the utmost delight visiting all the wonderful things in ,paris4 ,bilderdyk soon found himself completely in his element4 ,he breakfasted with ,cuvier at the ,jardin des ,plantes1 passed his afternoon at the ,bibliotheque ,richelieu1 dined in the ,faubourg ,st4 ,germain with ,dr4 ,alibert1 and finished the evening at the play or the opera4 ,one day he and his wife were given excellent places for witnessing the ascent in a balloon of a young woman1 ,mme4 ,blanchard1 whose reckless courage enabled her to undertake aerial voyages1 despite the sad fate which befell ,pilastre de ,rosiers1 her own husband1 and several other aeronauts4 ,our ,hollanders amused themselves for some time with watching the process of inflating the balloon1 and following with their eyes the course of the tiny messenger-balloons sent up to ascertain the direction of the upper currents of wind4 ,at length all is ready1 the band strikes up a lively air1 and ,mme4 ,blanchard1 dressed in white and crowned with roses1 appears1 holding a small gay flag in her hand4 ,with the most graceful composure she placed herself in the boat1 the cords were loosed1 and the courageous adventuress1 borne rapidly upwards in her perilous vehicle1 soon appeared like a dark spot in the sky4 ,when he returned to his lodging1 ,bilderdyk composed a poem in honor of the brave woman who adventured her life so boldly1 rivalling the free birds of heaven in her flight1 and beholding the stars face to face4 ,next morning he hastened to get his production printed1 and without considering that ,mme4 ,blanchard most likely did not understand ,dutch1 he repaired to her lodgings with a copy of the poem in his hand1 intending to ask permission to present it to her4 ,he was courteously invited to enter the drawing-room1 and there1 to his great amazement1 he found himself tete-a-tete with the silly1 frightened lady1 whose nervous tremors in the ,brussels diligence had afforded so much amusement to him and his wife4 ,surprised and disconcerted1 he was beginning to apologize1 when the lady interrupted him4 ,monsieur1 she said1 you are not mistaken4 ,i am ,mme4 ,blanchard4 ,you see how possible it is for the same person to be cowardly in a coach1 and courageous in a balloon4 ,a good deal of conversation ensued1 the poem was timidly offered1 and graciously accepted2 and the fair aeronaut accepted an invitation to dine that day with ,bilderdyk and his wife4 ,in the course of the evening ,mme4 ,blanchard related to them some curious circumstances in her life4 ,her mother kept a humble wayside inn near ,la ,rochelle1 while her father worked in the fields4 ,one day a balloon descended near their door1 and out of it was taken a man1 severely but not dangerously bruised4 ,her parents received him with the utmost hospitality1 and supplied him with all the comforts they could give4 ,he had no money wherewith to repay them1 but as he was about to depart1 he remarked that the mistress of the house was very near her confinement1 and he said3 ,listen1 and mark my words4 ,fortune cannot always desert me4 ,in sixteen years1 if alive1 ,i will return hither4 ,if the child who will soon be born to you should be a boy1 ,i will then adopt him2 if a girl1 ,i will marry her6 ,the worthy peasants laughed heartily at this strange method of paying a bill2 and although they allowed their guest to depart1 they certainly built very little on his promise4 ,the aeronaut1 however1 kept his word1 and at the end of sixteen years re-appeared at the inn1 then inhabited by only a fair young girl1 very lately left an orphan4 ,she willingly accepted ,jean ,pierre ,blanchard as a husband1 and for a short time they lived happily together2 but during an ascent which he made in ,holland1 he was seized with apoplexy1 and fell to the ground from a height of sixty feet4 ,the unhappy aeronaut was not killed on the spot1 but lingered for some time in frightful torture1 carefully and fondly attended by his wife1 whom at length he left a young and penniless widow4 ,marie ,madeleine ,blanchard1 despite her natural timidity1 resolved to adopt her husband's perilous profession4 ,pride and necessity combined do wonders2 and not only did she succeed in maintaining perfect composure while in the air1 but she also displayed wonderful presence of mind during the time of danger4 ,on one occasion she ascended in her balloon from ,nantes1 intending to come down at about four leagues from that town1 in what she believed to be a large meadow4 ,while rapidly descending1 the cordage of the balloon became entangled in the branches of a tree1 and she found herself suspended over a vast green marsh1 whose treacherous mud would infallibly ingulf her4 ,drawn to the spot by her cries1 several peasants came to her assistance1 and with considerable difficulty and danger succeeded in placing her on terra firma4 ,on the day following the one on which she dined with ,m4 and ,mme4 ,bilderdyk1 ,mme4 ,blanchard left ,paris1 promising her two friends1 as she bade them farewell1 that she would soon return4 ,time passed on1 however1 and they heard nothing of her4 ,they were preparing to return to ,holland1 when some of ,bilderdyk's countrymen residing in ,paris resolved to give him a banquet on the eve of his departure4 ,the entertainment took place at a celebrated restaurant1 situated at the angle formed by the ,rue ,cauchat and the ,rue de ,provence4 ,while enjoying themselves at table1 the guests suddenly perceived the windows darkened by the passing of some large black object4 ,with one accord they rose and ran out3 a woman lay on the pavement1 pale1 crushed1 and dead4 ,bilderdyk gave a cry--it was ,mme4 ,blanchard6 ,in what a guise to meet her again6 ,encouraged by the constant impunity of her perilous ascensions1 the unhappy aeronaut 7the word ,i believe has no feminine71 finding a formidable rival in ,mlle4 ,garnerin1 resolved to surpass her in daring by augmenting the risk of her aerial voyages4 ,for this purpose she lighted up her balloon car with colored lamps1 and carried with her a supply of fireworks4 ,on the sixth of ,july1 #ahai1 she rose from amid a vast concourse of spectators4 ,the balloon caught in one of the trees in the ,champs-,elysees1 but without regarding the augury1 ,mme4 ,blanchard threw out ballast1 and as she rose rapidly in the air she spilled a quantity of lighting spirits of wine1 and then sent off rockets and ,roman candles4 ,suddenly1 with horror1 the mass of upturned eyes beheld the balloon take fire4 ,one piercing shriek from above mingled with the affrighted cries of the crowd below1 and then some object was seen to detach itself from the fiery globe4 ,as it came near the earth1 it was recognized as the body of the ill-fated ,mme4 ,blanchard4 ,weeping and trembling1 ,bilderdyk aided in raising the disfigured corpse1 and wrapped it up in the net-work of the balloon1 which the hands still grasped firmly4 ,the shock1 acting on his excitable temperament1 threw him into a dangerous illness1 from which1 however1 he recovered1 and returned to his native country4 ,there he published an admirable treatise1 ,the ,theory of ,vegetable ,organization1 and a poem entitled1 ,the ,destruction of the ,primeval ,world4 ,a ,french critic has placed this latter work in the same rank with ,paradise ,lost1 and says3 ,old ,milton has nothing finer1 more energetic1 or more vast1 in his immortal work4 ,an ,english critic1 however1 would probably scarcely concur in this judgment4 ,bilderdyk died in the town of ,haarlem on the #ahth of ,december1 #ahca4 ,from ,household ,words4 ,,our ,,phantom ,,ship3 ,,china4 ,since a typhoon occurs not much oftener than once in about three years1 it would be odd if we should sail immediately into one2 but we are fairly in the ,china seas1 which are the typhoon's own peculiar sporting ground1 and it is desperately sultry1 and those clouds are full of night and lightning1 to say nothing of a fitful gale and angry sea4 ,look out6 ,there is the coast of ,china4 ,now for a telescope to see the barren1 dingy hills1 with clay and granite peeping out1 with a few miserable trees and stunted firs4 ,that is our first sight of the flowery land1 and we shall not get another yet1 for the spray begins to blind us2 it is quite as much as we can do to see each other4 ,now the wind howls and tears the water up1 as if it would extract the great waves by their roots1 like so many of old ,ocean's teeth2 but he kicks sadly at the operation4 ,we are driven by the wild blast that snaps our voices short off at the lips and carries them away2 no words are audible4 ,we are among a mass of spars and men wild as the storm on drifting broken junks2 a vessel founders in our sight1 and we are cast1 with dead and living1 upon half a dozen wrecks entangled in a mass1 upon the shore of ,hong ,kong2--ourselves safe1 of course1 for we have left at home whatever could be bruised upon the journey4 ,how many houses have been blown away like hats1 how many rivers have been driven back to swell canals and flood the fields1 7whose harvest has been prematurely cropped on the first warning of the typhoon's intended visit17 we decline investigating4 ,the evening sky is very wild1 and we were all last night under the typhoon at sea2 to-night we are in the new town of ,victoria1 and will be phantom bed-fellows to any ,chinaman who has been eating pork for supper4 ,the ,chinese are very fond of pork1 or any thing that causes oiliness in man4 ,a lean man forfeits something in their estimation2 for they say1 ,he must have foolishness2 why has he wanted wisdom to eat more8 ,hong ,kong was one of the upshots of our cannonading in the pure and holy ,chinese war2 and as for the new town of ,victoria1 we shall walk out of it at once1 for we have not travelled all this way to look at ,englishmen4 ,the island itself is eight or ten miles long1 and sometimes two or sometimes six miles broad4 ,it is the model of a grand mountain region on a scale of two inches to the foot4 ,there are crags1 ravines1 wild torrents1 fern-covered hills2 but the highest mountain does not rise two thousand feet4--,we stand upon it now4 ,quite contrary to usual experience1 we found1 in coming up1 the richest flowers at the greatest elevation4 ,the heat and dryness of the air below1 where the sun's rays are reflected from bare surfaces1 is said to be oppressive1 and perhaps the flowers down there want a pleasant shade4 ,from our elevation we can see few patches of cultivation1 but leaping down the rocks are many picturesque cascades4 ,hong ,kong is christened from its own waters1 its name signifying in ,chinese the ,island of ,fragrant ,streams4 ,there is a goat upon the nearest rock2 but look beyond4 ,on one side is the bay1 with shipping1 and behind us the broad expanse of the ocean2 and before us is the sea1 studded as far as our eyes can reach with mountainous islands1 among which we must sail to reach ,canton4 ,now we float onward in the ,phantom1 and among these islands our sharp eyes discover craft that have more hands on board than usually man an honest vessel4 ,in the holes and corners of the islands pirates lurk to prey upon the traffic of ,canton4 ,we pass ,macao on our way into the ,canton river4 ,portugal was a nation of quality once1 with a strong constitution1 and in those days1 once upon a time1 wrecked ,portuguese gained leave to dry a cargo on the ,island of ,macao4 ,they erected sheds a little stronger than were necessary for that temporary purpose2 in fact1 they turned the accident to good account1 and established here an infant settlement1 which soon grew to maintain itself1 and sent money home occasionally to assist its mother4 ,twice the ,emperor of ,china offered to make ,macao an emporium for ,european trade2 the ,portuguese preferred to be exclusive4 ,so the settlement fell sick1 and since the ,english made ,hong ,kong a place of active trade1 very few people trouble themselves to inquire whether ,macao be dead yet1 or only dying4 ,the ,portuguese town has a mournful aspect1 marked as it is by strong lines of character that indicate departed power4 ,still sailing among islands1 mountainous and barren1 we soon reach the ,bocca ,tigris1 or mouth of the ,canton river1 guarded now with very formidable forts4 ,the ,chinese1 since their war with ,england1 have been profiting by sore experience4 ,if their gunnery be as completely mended as their fortifications1 another war with them would not be quite so much like an attack of grown men upon children4 ,the poor ,chinese1 in that war1 were indefatigable in the endeavor to keep up appearances4 ,steam ships were scarcely worth attention--they had plenty all the same inside3 and when the first encounter1 near the spot on which we are now sailing1 between junks and men-of-war1 had exhibited the tragedy1 in flesh and bone1 of ,john ,bull in a ,china-shop1 the ,chinese ,symonds1 at ,ningpo1 was ordered to build ships exactly like the ,british4 ,he could not execute the order1 and played1 therefore1 executioner upon himself4 ,cannon were next ordered1 that should be large enough to destroy a ship at one burst4 ,they were made1 and the first monster tried1 immediately burst and killed its three attendants2 nobody could be induced to fire the others4 ,one morning1 a ,british fleet was very much surprised to see the shore look formidable with a line of cannon mouths4 ,the telescope1 which had formed no part of the ,chinese calculations1 discovered them to be a row of earthern pots4 ,forts1 in the same way1 often turned out to be dummies made of matting1 with the portholes painted2 and sometimes real cannon1 mere three pounders1 had their fronts turned to the sea1 plugged with blocks of wood1 cut and so painted as to resemble the mouths of thirty-two pounders shotted4 ,however1 we have passed real strong forts and veritable heavy cannon1 to get through the ,bocca ,tigris4 ,nothing is barren now2 the river widens1 and looks like an inland sea2 the flat land near the shores is richly cultivated2 rice is there and upon the islands1 all protected with embankments to admit or exclude the flood in its due season1 or provided with wheels for raising water where the land is too high to be flooded in a simpler manner4 ,the embankments1 too1 yield plantain crops4 ,the water on each side is gay with water lilies1 which are cultivated for their roots4 ,banyan and fig-trees1 cypress1 orange1 water-pines1 and weeping willows1 grow beside the stream1 with other trees2 but ,china is not to be called a richly timbered country2 most of its districts are deficient in large trees4 ,there is the ,whampoa ,pagoda2 there are more pagodas1 towers1 joss-houses2 here are the ,european factories1 and here are boats1 boats1 boats1 literally1 hundreds of thousands of boats--the sea-going junk1 gorgeous with griffins1 and with proverbs1 and with painted eyes2 the flower boat2 boats of all shapes1 and sizes1 down to the barber's boat1 which barely holds the barber and his razor4 ,there is a city on the water1 and the dwellers in these boats1 who whether men or women1 dive and swim so naturally that they may all be fishes1 curiously claim their kindred with the earth4 ,on every boat1 a little soil and a few flowers1 are as essential as the little joss-house and the little joss4 ,canals flow from the river through ,canton2 every where1 over the mud1 upon the water side are wooden houses built on piles4 ,but here we will not go ashore2 the suburbs of ,canton are full of thieves1 and little boys who shout fan-qui 7foreign devil7 after all barbarians1 and we should not be welcome in the city2 so we will not go where we shall not be welcome4 ,after floating up and down the streets and lanes of water made between the boats upon the ,canton river1 pleased with the strange music1 the gongs1 and the incessant chattering of women1 7,chinese women are pre-eminent as chatterers17 we sail away4 ,we do not wait even till night to wonder at the scene by lantern light2 but returning by the way we came1 repass the rice fields1 the water lilies1 and the forts1 the islands1 and ,macao1 and ,hong ,kong1 and have again before us the expanse of ocean4 ,canton lies within the tropic2 sugar-cane grown in its vicinity yields brown sugar and candy2 but our lump sugar is a luxury to which the ,chinese have not yet attained4 ,canton lying within the tropic1 we shall change our climate on the journey northward4 ,an empire that engrosses nearly a tenth part of the globe1 and includes the largest population gathered under any single government1 will have many climates in its eighteen provinces4 ,now we are sailing swiftly northward by a barren rocky coast1 with sometimes hills of sand1 and sometimes cultivated patches1 and1 except for the pagodas on the highest elevations1 we might fancy we were off the coast of ,scotland4 ,five ports are open to our trade upon the coast of ,china2 one of these1 ,canton1 we have merely looked at1 and the next1 ,amoy1 we pass unvisited in sailing up between the mainland and ,formosa4 ,amoy produces the best ,chinese sailors1 and it is in this port that the native junks have most experience of foreign trade2 it is a dirty1 densely-peopled town1 too distant from the tea and silk regions to be of prominent importance to the ,europeans4 ,as soon as we have passed through the ,formosa channel1 we direct our course towards the river ,min1 and steering safely among rocks and sand-banks1 among which is a rock cleft into five pyramids1 regarded with a sort of worship by the sailors1 we float up the river to the third of the five cities1 ,foo-chow-foo4 ,the river varies in width1 sometimes a mile across1 where it is flowing between plains1 sometimes confined between the hills2 a hilly country is about us1 with some mountains nearly twice as high as those up which we clambered at ,hong-,kong4 ,we pass1 after a few miles' sail1 the little town and fort of ,mingan2 we sail among pagodas and temples1 near which the priests plant dark spreading fig-trees1 terraced hills1 yielding earth-nuts and sweet potatoes2 we see cultivation carried up some mountain sides beyond two thousand feet1 and barren mountains1 granite rocks1 islands1 and villages2 here and there more wooded tracts than usually belong to a ,chinese landscape1 rills of water and cascades that tumble down into the ,min4 ,we have sailed up the river twenty miles1 and here is ,foo-chow-foo4 ,we have met on our way a good many junks1 having wood lashed to their sides2 and here we see acres of wood 7chiefly pine7 afloat before the suburbs1 for here wood is a main article of trade4 ,we pass under the bridge ,wanshow 7myriads of ages71 which connects the suburbs on each bank2 it is a bridge of granite slabs1 supported upon fifty pillars of strong masonry1 the whole about two thousand feet in length4 ,the suburbs happen just now to be flooded1 and the large ,tartar population here delights in mobbing a barbarian4 ,this inhospitable character repels men1 while the floods and rapids of the river and its tributaries1 causes an uncertainty of transit1 tend also to keep ,european traders out of ,foo-chow-foo4 ,true1 the bohea tea hills are in the vicinity1 but their bohea tea has not a first-rate character1 and the great seat of the tea trade is yet farther north4 ,the city walls are eight or nine miles in circumference2 but we will not enter their gates for all ,chinese cities have a close resemblance to each other2 it is enough to visit one1 and we can do better than visit this4 ,we sail back to the sea again1 and there resume our northward voyage4 ,we have seen part of the mountainous or hilly half of ,china2 farther north1 between the two great rivers1 and beyond them to the famous ,wall1 is a great plain studded in parts with lakes or swamps1 and very fertile4 ,far westward1 we might journey to the high central table-land of ,asia1 where there are extensive levels2 but the seaward provinces are the most fertile2 and as for the ,chinese themselves1 they are in all places very much alike--in body as in character4 ,but sailing in our ship1 and talking of those plains1 we may naturally recall to our minds those ancient days when the ,chinese1 civilised then as now1 guided their chariots across a pathless level on the land by the same instrument that guides our ship across a pathless level on the water4 ,the coast by which we sail is studded with islands1 and to reach ,ningpo1 the fourth of the five ports1 we pass between the mainland and the island of ,chusan4 ,the water here is quite hemmed in with islands forming the ,chusan ,archipelago4 ,chusan is like a piece of the ,scotch ,highlands1 twenty miles long1 and ten or twelve broad1 with rich vegetation added4 ,forty miles' sail from ,chusan brings us to ,ningpo4 ,amongst the numerous islands past which we have floated1 we should have found1 on many1 characters not quite ,chinese4 ,one island1 visited for water by one of our ships1 was said to be an ,eden for its innocence4 ,crime was unknown among the islanders3 and at a grave look or a slight tap with a fan1 the wrong-doer invariably desisted from his evil course4 ,the simplicity of the natives here consisted in the fact1 that they expected credit for the character they gave themselves4 ,on another island1 the natives entertained snug notions of a warm bed in the winter4 ,their bed was a stone trough2 in winter they spread at the bottom of this trough hot embers1 and over these a large stone1 over that their bedding1 and then tucked themselves comfortably in4 ,ningpo1 with its bridge of boats and ,chinese shipping and pagodas1 has a picturesque appearance from the river4 ,it is large1 populous1 and wealthy2 a place to which the merchant may retire to spend his gains1 more than a port for active and hard working commerce4 ,that is the reason why we will not land at ,ningpo4 ,where1 then1 shall we land8 ,if you have no objection1 at ,shangae1 the fifth and most important1 although not the largest1 of these ports4 ,but sea life is monotonous1 and therefore we will take five minutes' diversion ashore1 after we have sailed some twenty miles up this canal4 ,here we will land under an avenue of pines1 and walk up to a ,buddhist temple4 ,we are in the centre of the green-tea district4 ,the priests1 belonging1 for a wonder1 to a simple-minded class1 receive us1 of course hospitably4 ,the stranger is at all times welcome to a lodging1 and to his portion of the ,buddhist vegetable dinner4 ,these priests are like some of our monks in mendicancy charity1 and superstition4 ,in the pagodas they always have a meal prepared for the arrival of a hungry traveller4 ,but hungry we are not2 and we came hither to see the tea-plantations2 these we now seek out4 ,they are small farms upon the lower slopes of hills2 the soil is rich2 it must be rich1 or the tea-plant would not long endure the frequent stripping of its leaves1 which usage does of course sooner or later kill it4 ,each plant is at a distance of about four feet from its neighbors1 and the plantations look like little shrubberies4 ,the small proprietors inhabit wretched-looking cabins1 in which each of them has fixed a flue and coppers for the drying of his tea4 ,in the appearance of the people there is nothing wretched2 old men sit at their doors like patriarchs1 expecting and receiving reverence2 young men1 balancing bales across their shoulders1 travel out1 and some return with strings of copper money2 the chief tea-harvest is over1 and the merchants have come down now to the little inns about the district1 that each husbandman may offer them his produce4 ,there are three tea-making seasons4 ,the first is in the middle of ,april1 just before the rains1 when the first leaves of spring are plucked2 these make the choicest tea1 but their removal tries the vigor of the plant4 ,then come the rains2 the tea-plant pushes out new leaves1 and already in ,may the plantation is again dark with foliage2 that is the season of the second1 the great gathering4 ,a later gathering of coarse leaves yields an inferior tea1 scarcely worth exporting4 ,it should be understood that although black and green tea are both made from the same kind of leaf1 there really are two tea-plants4 ,the plant cultivated at ,canton for black tea1 and known in our gardens as ,thea ,bohea1 differs from the ,thea viridis1 which yields the harvest here4 ,the ,canton plant1 however1 is not cultivated in the ,north2 on the ,bohea hills themselves1 speaking botanically1 there grows no ,bohea tea2 the plant there1 also1 is the ,thea viridis4 ,the difference between our green and black tea is produced entirely in the making4 ,green tea is more quickly and lightly dried1 so that it contains more of the virtues of the leaf4 ,black tea is dried more slowly2 exposed1 while moist1 on mats1 when it ferments a little1 and then subjected in drying to a greater heat1 which makes it blacker in its color4 ,the bright bloom on our green tea is added with a dye1 to suit the gross taste of barbarians4 ,the black tea will keep better1 being better dried4 ,there is a kind of tea called ,hyson ,pekoe made from the first young buds which keeps ill1 being very little fired1 but when good it is extremely costly4 ,as for our names of teas1--of the first delicate harvest1 the black tea is called ,pekoe1 and the green1 ,young ,hyson2 ,hyson being the corruption of ,chinese words1 that mean flourishing spring4 ,the produce of the main or second harvest yields1 in green tea1 ,hyson2 out of which are picked the leaves that prove to be best rolled for ,gunpowder1 or as the ,chinese call it1 pearl-tea4 ,souchong 7small or scarce sort7 is the best black tea of the second crop1 followed by ,congou 7koong-foo1 assiduity74 ,twankay is imported largely1 a green tea from older leaves1 which ,european retailers employ for mixing with the finer kinds4 ,bohea1 named from the hills we talked of1 is the lowest quality of black tea1 though good ,bohea is better than a middling quality of ,congou4 ,the botanical ,thea ,bohea comes into our pots1 with refuse ,congou1 as ,canton ,bohea4 ,at ,canton1 however1 ,young ,hyson and ,gunpowder are manufactured out of these leaves1 chopped and painted2 and this branch of the fine arts is carried on extensively in ,chinese manufactories established there4 ,as the tea-merchants go out to collect their produce of the little farmers2 so the mercers in the ,nankeen districts leave their cities for the purchase1 in the same way1 of home-woven cloth4 ,it is the same in the silk districts4 ,if we look now into a larger ,chinese farm on our way back to the ,phantom1 we shall find the tenants on a larger scale supplying their own wants1 and making profit of the surplus4 ,on such a farm we shall find also familiar friends1 fowls1 ducks1 geese1 pigs1 goats1 and dogs1 bullocks1 and buffaloes2 indoors there will be a best parlor in the shape of a ,hall of ,ancestors1 containing household gods and an ancestral picture1 before which is a table or altar with its offerings4 ,there is the head of the family1 who built a room for each son as he married1 and left each son to add other rooms as they were necessary1 till a colony arose under the common roof about the common hall1 in which rules1 as a high priest and patriarch1 the living ancestor4 ,respect for the past is the whole essence of ,chinese religion and morality4 ,the oldest emperors were fountain-heads of wisdom1 and he who imitates the oldest doctrine is the wisest man4 ,the tombs of ancestors are visited with pious care2 respect and worship is their due4 ,this had at all times been the ,chinese principle1 to which ,confucius added the influence of a good man's support4 ,no nation has been trained into this feeling so completely as the ,chinese1 and as long as they saw nothing beyond themselves1 and were taught to look down upon barbarians out of the heights of their own ignorance concerning them1 they were contented to stand still4 ,but the ,chinese are a people sharply stimulated by the love of gain2 they despised what they had not seen1 yet it is evident that they have not been slow to profit by experience of ,european arts4 ,an emigrant ,chinese became acquainted with a ,prussian blue manufactory1 secretly observed the process of the manufacture1 took his secret home1 and ,china now makes at home all the ,prussian blue which was before imported4 ,the ,chinese emigrant is active1 shrewd4 ,in ,batavia he ko-toos to the ,dutch1 and lets his tail down dutifully4 ,in ,singapore he readily assumes a freer spirit1 keeps his tail curled1 and walks upright among the ,englishmen4 ,we are now sailing towards ,shangae1 no very long way northward from ,ningpo1 to the last of the five ports we came out to visit4 ,it is not necessary to return to the ,yellow ,sea1 for all this part of ,china is so freely intersected with canals that we may sail to ,shangae among farms and rice-grounds4 ,while among the farmers1 we may call to mind that the great lord of the ,chinese manor is the ,emperor1 to whom this ground immediately belongs1 and who receives as rent for it a tenth of all the produce4 ,a large part of this tenth is paid in kind4 ,the ,emperor is the great father also2 his whole care of his enormous family distinctly assumes the paternal form1 and embodies a good deal of the maxim1 that to spare the rod will spoil the child4 ,to govern is expressed in ,chinese by the symbols of bamboo and strike2 and the bamboo does1 in the way of striking a vast deal of business4 ,the central legislation is as a rule beneficent1 and based upon an earnest desire to do good2 for the father is answerable for the welfare of his children4 ,national calamities have1 at all times1 been ascribed by the ,chinese directly to their ,emperors2 who must by personal humiliation appease the anger of the gods4 ,so large a household as this father has to care for requires many stewards1 mandarins1 and others2 all these officers of state are those sons who have proved themselves to be the wisest1 on examination into their attainments4 ,a grand system of education pervades ,china2 and1 above the first school1 to which all are sent1 there is a series of four examinations1 through which every ,chinese may graduate if he will study4 ,not to pass the first is to be vile1 and the highest degrees qualify for all the offices of state2 but ,chinese education means1 after reading and writing1 and moral precepts of ,confucius1 little beside a knowledge of ,chinese ancient history and literature4 ,the ,emperor1 belonging to a ,tartar dynasty1 bestows an equal patronage on ,tartars and ,chinese4 ,the officers throughout the provinces are1 as a further precaution1 obliged to serve in places distant from their own connections1 in order that no private feelings may destroy their power to be just4 ,they are scantily paid1 however2 and1 as a ,chinese likes profit with his honor1 the minor officials drive a trade in bribery1 which often nullifies the central edicts1 and which very directly helped to bring about the ,opium war4 ,the ,emperor himself is1 of course1 too sublime a person to be often seen2 the ,son of ,heaven1 he robes himself in the imperial yellow1 because that is the hue of the sun's jacket2 but1 once a year1 in enforcement of a main principle of the ,chinese political economy--,honor to ,agriculture--he drives the plough before a state procession2 and the grain sown in those imperial furrows is afterwards bought up by courtiers1 at a most flattering price4 ,where are we now8--we have shot out upon a grand expanse of water1 like an inland sea4 ,an horizon of water is before us--we cannot see the other bank of the ,yang-tse-,kiang1 the child of the ocean1 the great river of ,china2 the greatest river in the old world1 and surpassed only by two on the whole globe4 ,here1 eighty miles above the sea1 it is eight miles in breadth1 and sixty feet deep1 flowing five miles an hour2 and far up1 off the walls of ,nankin1 its breadth is three thousand six hundred feet1 and its depth twenty-two fathoms1 at a distance of fifty paces from either shore4 ,well1 this is something like a river2 from its source to its mouth1 in a straight line1 the distance is one thousand seven hundred and ninety-six miles2 and the windings nearly double its real length1 making three thousand three hundred and thirty-six ,english miles2 of which two thousand1 from the mouth upwards1 are said to be quite free from all obstruction4 ,at its mouth it is1 comparatively1 shallow2 much of this vast body of water is diverted from its course and carried through the country in canals4 ,we are not far1 now1 from the great canal which cuts across this river and the ,hoang-,ho1 another grand stream farther northward1 with a course of two thousand six hundred and thirty miles4 ,between the ,yang-tse-,kiang and ,hoang-,ho the country is so flat that1 if we may judge by the scene from the mast-head of the ,phantom1 not a hillock breaks the level waste of fertile land4 ,in ancient times this country was subjected to desolating floods1 which1 in fact1 caused the removal of the capital4 ,the canal system was commenced1 then1 as a means of drainage1 by a wise man1 who was made an emperor for his sagacity4 ,now the canals serve the purposes of commerce1 and agriculture also1 since water1 in abundance1 is essential for the irrigation of the rice-fields4 ,we are sailing up the ,shangae river1 a tributary of the ,yang-tse-,kiang2 this river1 at ,shangae1 we perceive is about as broad as the ,thames at ,london ,bridge2 for we are at ,shangae4 ,we sail through a water-gate into the centre of the town1 and land beside a fleet of junks1 into which heaps of rice are being shot2 these are grain junks sent from ,pekin to receive part of the imperial tribute4 ,narrow1 dirty streets1 low houses1 brilliant open shops1 painted with red and gold4 ,here is a fragrant fruit-shop1 where a poor ,chinese is buying an iced slice of pine-apple for less money than a farthing4 ,here is the chandler's1 gay with candles of the tallow-tree coated with colored wax4 ,the chandler deals in puffs2 and what an un-,english appeal is this from the candle-maker on behalf of his wares--,late at night in the snow gallery they study the books4 ,study the books6 ,yes2 through the crowd of ,chinese1 in their picturesque familiar dresses1 look at that man1 with books upon a tray1 who dives into house after house4 ,he lends books on hire to the poor people and servants4 ,who is the puffer here8 ,we issue and sell ,hong ,chow tobacco1 the name and fame of which has galloped to the north of ,kechow2 and the flavor has pervaded ,keangnan in the south4 ,here we have ,famous teas from every province2 and you see boiling water handy in the shop1 wherewith the customer may test his purchases4 ,here1 on the other side of this triumphal arch1 we peep through a gateway hung with lanterns into a small paved paradise with gold fish1 7,china is the home of gold fish71 and exotics1 and trellis-work1 and vines1 and singing birds2 that is a mercer's shop1 affecting style in ,china as in ,england1 only in another way4 ,we will walk through the paradise into a grand apartment hung with lanterns1 decorated also with gilded tickets1 inscribed ,pekin satins and ,canton crapes1 ,hang-chow reeled silks1 and so on4 ,here a courtly ,chinese1 skilled in the lubrication of a customer1 produces the rich heavy silks for which his country is renowned1 the velvets or the satins you desire1 and shaves you skilfully4 ,talking of shaving1 and we run against a barber as we come out of the silk shop4 ,he carries a fire on his head1 with water always boiling2 on a pole over his shoulder he balances his water1 basin1 towels1 razors4 ,will you be shaved like a ,chinese8 he picks you out a reasonably quiet doorway1 shaves your head1 cleans your ears1 tickles your eyes1 and cracks your joints in a twinkling4 ,where heads are shaved1 the wipings of the razors are extensive2 they are all bought up1 and employed as manure4 ,the ,chinese have so many mouths to feed1 that they can afford to lose nothing that will fertilize the ground4 ,instead of writing on their walls ,commit no nuisance1 they place jars1 and invite or even pay the pilgrim4 ,the long tail that the barber leaves is to the ,chinese his sign of manhood4 ,beards do not form a feature of ,mongolian faces2 a few stray coarse hairs are all they get1 with their square face1 high cheek bones1 slanting eyes1 and long dark hair upon the head4 ,a plump body1 long ears1 and a long tail1 are the respectabilities of a ,chinese4 ,the tail is magnified by working in false hair1 and it generally ends with silk4 ,there is a man using his tail to thrash a pig along2 and one traveler records that he has seen a ,chinese servant use the same instrument for polishing a table4 ,it is1 of course1 the thing to pull at in a street fight4 ,here is a phrenologist1 with a large figure of a human head mapped into regions1 inviting ,chinese bumpkins to submit to him their bumps4 ,here is a dentist showing his teeth4 ,here--we must stop here--with a gong for drum1 but raised on the true pedestal1 with a man inside1 who knows the veritable squeak1 are ,punch and ,judy1 all alive4 ,this is their native land4 ,pun-tse1 the ,chinese call our friend1 because he is a little puppet1 after all--,puntse meaning in ,chinese1 the son of an inch4 ,here is the very ,chinese bridge that we have learned by heart along with the pagoda1 from a willow-patterned soup-plate2 steps up1 steps down1 and a set of ,chinese lanterns4 ,here is a temple1 flaming with red paint4 ,let us go in4 ,images1 votive candles burning on an altar1 and a woman on her face wrestling in prayer4 ,after praying in a sort of agony for a few minutes1 she has stopped to take a bit of stick1 round on one side1 for she purposes therewith to toss up and see whether her prayer is granted4 ,tails6 ,she loses6 ,she is wrestling on her knees again--praying1 doubtless1 for a bull child4 ,girls are undesirable1 because they are of no use except for what they fetch in marriage gifts1 and to fetch much they must be good-looking4 ,poor woman--tails again6 ,never mind1 she must persevere1 and she will get heads presently4 ,here comes a grave man1 who prays for half a minute1 and pulls out one from a jar of scrolls4 ,having examined it1 he takes one of the little books that hang against the wall1 looks happy1 and departs4 ,he has been drawing lots to see whether the issue of some undertaking will be fortunate4 ,poor woman--tails again6 ,we cannot stop for the result2 but ,i have no doubt that if she persevere she will get heads up presently4 ,here is a man in the street with a whole bamboo kitchen on his head1 nine feet long1 by six broad1 uttering all manner of good things4 ,the poor fellow who drove the pig stops in the street to dine4 ,what a ,soyer that fellow is1 with his herbs1 and his peppers1 and his magic stove1 and what a magnificent stew he gives the pig driver6 ,do you know1 ,i doubt whether the ,chinese are fools4 ,what place have we here steaming like a boiler8 ,this1 sir1 is one of the public bath establishments1 where a warm bath1 towels1 and a dressing closet are at the service of the pig driver after his dinner1 for five le--less than a farthing4 ,there1 too1 his wife may go and obtain boiling water for the day's tea1 which is to that poor ,chinaman his beer1 and pay for it but a single le4 ,it would cost far more to boil it for herself2 fuel is dear1 and except for cooking or for manufactures1 is not used in ,china4 ,there are neither grates nor stoves in any ,chinese parlor4 ,the continent of ,asia1 and with it ,china1 has a climate of extremes1 great summer heat and an excessive winter cold2 so that even at ,canton1 within the tropic1 snow falls4 ,but the ,chinaman warms not his toes at a fire2 he accommodates his comfortable costume to the climate2 puts on more clothes as the cold makes itself felt1 and takes some off again if he should feel too warm4 ,that building on the walls is the temple of ,spring1 to which ladies repair to dress their hair with flowers when the first buds open4 ,this handsome structure is the temple of ,confucius4 ,yonder is the hall of ,united ,benevolence1 which supports a free hospital1 a foundling hospital1 and makes other provision for the poor4 ,the ,chinese charities are supported generously2 the ,chinese are a liberal and kindly race4 ,here is a shoemaker's shop1 with a huge boot hung over the door1 and an inscription which might not suit lovers of a good fit1 ,all here are measured by one rule4 ,when favored by merchants who bestow their regards on us1 please to notice our sign of the ,double ,phoenix on a board as a mark2 then it will be all right4 ,these signs are in common use on shops in ,china as they were formerly in ,england4 ,in this shop there is a wild fellow1 who is beating a gong fearfully1 and who has rubbed himself with stinking filth1 that he may be the greater nuisance4 ,this is his way of extorting charity4 ,that shopkeeper1 not having compounded with the king of the beggars for immunity from customers of this kind1 seldom lives a day without being compelled to pay as he is now paying for a little peace4 ,the beggar takes his nuisance then into another shop4 ,this is a vast improvement upon our street fiddle and organ practice4 ,there is a pawnbroker's three-per-cent4 per month shop4 ,here is a tea-house1 surrounded with huge vases for rain-water which is kept to acquire virtue by age--of course imaginary virtue--for the making of celestial tea4 ,in that house there is the oven for hatching eggs4 ,gateways are fitted at the end of the wide streets1 locked at night to restrain thieves2 and in the first house through the gateway here a girl is screaming dreadfully4 ,very likely it is a case of sore feet4 ,the small feet of the ,chinese women--about three inches long--are essential1 for without them a girl cannot get a husband2 as a wife1 she is her husband's obedient1 humble servant1 but as a spinster she is her parents' plague4 ,the operation on the feet takes place when the girl is seven or eight years old4 ,a young naval surgeon1 in his walks1 heard screams 7like those7 proceeding from a cottage1 and went in2 he found a little girl in bed1 with her feet bandaged2 he removed the bandage1 found the feet of course bent1 and ulcerated4 ,he dressed the wounds1 and warned the mother4 ,passing1 another day1 he found the child still suffering torment1 and in a hectic fever4 ,he again removed the bandages1 and warned the mother that her child's life would be sacrificed if she continued with the process4 ,the next time he went by he saw a little coffin at the door4 ,the tea-gardens are in the centre of the town2 we will go thither and rest4 ,we might have dined with a hospitable townsman1 where we could have been present at a theatrical entertainment1 in which the ,chinese delight like children4 ,but a dinner in this country is a work of many hours2 the list is very long of things that we should have to touch or eat4 ,chinese eat almost any thing2 their carte includes birds' nests1 delicate meal-fed puppies1 sea-slugs1 sharks' fins and tails1 frogs1 snails1 worms1 lizards1 tortoises1 and water-snakes1 with many things that we should better understand1 and a great many disguised vegetables4 ,a ,chinese dinner is so tediously long that we escape it altogether4 ,milk is not used2 it is thought improper to take it from the calves2 and meat plays no very large part of the ,chinese diet4 ,during our late war it was seriously stated1 by several advisers of the ,emperor1 that to forbid the ,english tea and rhubarb would go a great way to destroy the nation2 for it is well known that the barbarians feed grossly on the flesh of animals1 by which their bodies are so bound and obstructed1 that rhubarb and warm tea were necessary to be taken1 daily1 as correctives4 ,now we are in the tea-gardens1 and have passed through a happy crowd1 sipping tea1 smoking1 eating melon pips1 walking or looking at the jugglers4 ,into a fairy-like house of bamboo1 perched over water1 we ascend4 ,here is an elegant apartment1 which we claim as private4 ,we recline1 and take our cups of tea2 the cups that have been used are wiped1 not washed2 for washing1 say the people here1 would spoil their capacity for preserving the pure flavor of this delicate young ,hyson2 upon a spoonful of which1 placed in the cup1 hot water is now poured4 ,opium pipes1 bring us6 ,ha6 a hollow cane1 closed at one end1 with a mouthpiece at the other2 near the centre is the bowl1 of ample size1 but with an outward opening no bigger than a pin's head4 ,we recline luxuriously--looking down on the gay colors of the ,chinese crowd1 we take our long stilettos1 prick off a little pill of opium from its ivory reservoir1 and burn it1 dexterously1 in the spirit lamp2 then twist it1 judiciously1 about the pin's head orifice4 ,three whiffs1 and it is out1 and we are more than half deprived of active consciousness4 ,let us repeat the operation4 ,practised smokers will go on for hours2 a few whiffs are enough for us4 ,another languid gaze at the pagodas1 and the flowers1 and the water1 and the ,chinamen2 now some more opium to smoke6 ,the ,phantom finding us intoxicated1 like a good servant may have brought us home2 for1 certainly1 we are at home4 ,from ,reminiscences of an ,attorney in ,chambers's ,edinburgh ,miscellany4 ,,the ,,chest ,,of ,,drawers4 ,i am about to relate a rather curious piece of domestic history1 some of the incidents of which1 revealed at the time of their occurrence in law reports1 may be in the remembrance of many readers4 ,it occurred in one of the midland counties1 and at a place which ,i shall call ,watley2 the names of the chief actors who figured in it must also1 to spare their modesty or their blushes1 be changed2 and should one of those persons1 spite of these precautions1 apprehend unpleasant recognition1 he will be able to console himself with the reflection1 that all ,i state beyond that which may be gathered from the records of the law courts will be generally ascribed to the fancy or invention of the writer4 ,and it is as well1 perhaps1 that it should be so4 ,caleb ,jennings1 a shoemender1 or cobbler1 occupied1 some twelve or thirteen years ago1 a stall at ,watley1 which1 according to the traditions of the place1 had been hereditary in his family for several generations4 ,he may also be said to have flourished there1 after the manner of cobblers2 for this1 it must be remembered1 was in the good old times1 before the gutta-percha revolution had carried ruin and dismay into the stalls--those of cobblers--which in considerable numbers existed throughout the kingdom4 ,like all his fraternity whom ,i have ever fallen in with or heard of1 ,caleb was a sturdy ,radical of the ,major ,cartwright and ,henry ,hunt school2 and being withal industrious1 tolerably skilful1 not inordinately prone to the observance of ,saint ,mondays1 possessed1 moreover1 of a neatly-furnished sleeping and eating apartment in the house of which the projecting first-floor1 supported on stone pillars1 overshadowed his humble work-place1 he vaunted himself to be as really rich as an estated squire1 and far more independent4 ,there was some truth in this boast1 as the case which procured us the honor of ,mr4 ,jennings's acquaintance sufficiently proved4 ,we were employed to bring an action against a wealthy gentleman of the vicinity of ,watley for a brutal and unprovoked assault he had committed1 when in a state of partial inebriety1 upon a respectable ,london tradesman who had visited the place on business4 ,on the day of trial our witness appeared to have become suddenly afflicted with an almost total loss of memory2 and we were only saved from an adverse verdict by the plain1 straight-forward evidence of ,caleb1 upon whose sturdy nature the various arts which soften or neutralize hostile evidence had been tried in vain4 ,mr4 ,flint1 who personally superintended the case1 took quite a liking to the man2 and it thus happened that we were called upon some time afterwards to aid the said ,caleb in extricating himself from the extraordinary and perplexing difficulty in which he suddenly and unwittingly found himself involved4 ,the projecting first floor of the house beneath which the humble workshop of ,caleb ,jennings modestly disclosed itself1 had been occupied for many years by an ailing and somewhat aged gentleman of the name of ,lisle4 ,this ,mr4 ,ambrose ,lisle was a native of ,watley1 and had been a prosperous merchant of the city of ,london4 ,since his return1 after about twenty years' absence1 he had shut himself up in almost total seclusion1 nourishing a cynical bitterness and acrimony of temper which gradually withered up the sources of health and life1 till at length it became as visible to himself as it had for some time been to others1 that the oil of existence was expended1 burnt up1 and that but a few weak flickers more1 and the ailing man's plaints and griefs would be hushed in the dark silence of the grave4 ,mr4 ,lisle had no relatives in ,watley1 and the only individual with whom he was on terms of personal intimacy was ,mr4 ,peter ,sowerby1 an attorney of the place1 who had for many years transacted all his business4 ,this man visited ,mr4 ,lisle most evenings1 played at chess with him1 and gradually acquired an influence over his client which that weak gentleman had once or twice feebly but vainly endeavoured to shake off4 ,to this clever attorney1 it was rumored1 ,mr4 ,lisle had bequeathed all his wealth4 ,this piece of information had been put in circulation by ,caleb ,jennings1 who was a sort of humble favorite of ,mr4 ,lisle's1 or1 at all events1 was regarded by the misanthrope with less dislike than he manifested toward others4 ,caleb cultivated a few flowers in a little plot of ground at the back of the house1 and ,mr4 ,lisle would sometimes accept a rose or a bunch of violets from him4 ,other slight services--especially since the recent death of his old and garrulous woman-servant1 ,esther ,may1 who had accompanied him from ,london1 and with whom ,mr4 ,jennings had always been upon terms of gossiping intimacy--had led to certain familiarities of intercourse2 and it thus happened that the inquisitive shoemender became partially acquainted with the history of the wrongs and griefs which preyed upon1 and shortened the life of1 the prematurely-aged man4 ,the substance of this everyday1 common-place story1 as related to us by ,jennings1 and subsequently enlarged and colored from other sources1 may be very briefly told4 ,ambrose ,lisle1 in consequence of an accident which occurred in his infancy1 was slightly deformed4 ,his right shoulder--as ,i understood1 for ,i never saw him--grew out1 giving an ungraceful and somewhat comical twist to his figure1 which1 in female eyes--youthful ones at least--sadly marred the effect of his intelligent and handsome countenance4 ,this personal defect rendered him shy and awkward in the presence of women of his own class of society2 and he had attained the ripe age of thirty-seven years1 and was a rich and prosperous man1 before he gave the slightest token of an inclination towards matrimony4 ,about a twelvemonth previous to that period of his life1 the deaths--quickly following each other--of a ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,stevens threw their eldest daughter1 ,lucy1 upon ,mr4 ,lisle's hands4 ,mr4 ,lisle had been left an orphan at a very early age1 and ,mrs4 ,stevens--his aunt1 and then a maiden lady--had1 in accordance with his father's will1 taken charge of himself and brother till they severally attained their majority4 ,long1 however1 before that she married ,mr4 ,stevens1 by whom she had two children--,lucy and ,emily4 ,her husband1 whom she survived but two months1 died insolvent2 and in obedience to the dying wishes of his aunt1 for whom he appears to have felt the tenderest esteem1 he took the eldest of her orphan children into his home1 intending to regard and provide for her as his own adopted child and heiress4 ,emily1 the other sister found refuge in the house of a still more distant relative than himself4 ,the ,stevenses had gone to live at a remote part of ,england--,yorkshire1 ,i believe--and it thus fell out1 that till his cousin ,lucy arrived at her new home he had not seen her for more than ten years4 ,the pale1 and somewhat plain child1 as he had esteemed her1 he was startled to find had become a charming woman2 and her naturally gay and joyous temperament1 quick talents1 and fresh young beauty1 rapidly acquired an overwhelming influence over him4 ,strenuously but vainly he struggled against the growing infatuation--argued1 reasoned with himself--passed in review the insurmountable objections to such a union1 the difference of age--he leading towards thirty-seven1 she barely twenty-one2 he crooked1 deformed1 of reserved1 taciturn temper--she full of young life1 and grace and beauty4 ,it was useless2 and nearly a year had passed in the bootless struggle when ,lucy ,stevens1 who had vainly striven to blind herself to the nature of the emotions by which her cousin and guardian was animated towards her1 intimated a wish to accept her sister ,emily's invitation to pass two or three months with her4 ,this brought the affair to a crisis4 ,buoying himself up with the illusions which people in such an unreasonable frame of mind create for themselves1 he suddenly entered the sitting-room set apart for her private use1 with the desperate purpose of making his beautiful cousin a formal offer of his hand4 ,she was not in the apartment1 but her opened writing-desk1 and a partly-finished letter lying on it1 showed that she had been recently there1 and would probably soon return4 ,mr4 ,lisle took two or three agitated turns about the room1 one of which brought him close to the writing-desk1 and his glance involuntarily fell upon the unfinished letter4 ,had a deadly serpent leaped suddenly upon his throat1 the shock could not have been greater4 ,at the head of the sheet of paper was a clever pen-and-ink sketch of ,lucy ,stevens and himself2 he1 kneeling to her in a lovelorn ludicrous attitude1 and she laughing immoderately at his lachrymose and pitiful aspect and speech4 ,the letter was addressed to her sister ,emily2 and the enraged lover saw not only that his supposed secret was fully known1 but that he himself was mocked1 laughed at for his doting folly4 ,at least this was his interpretation of the words which swam before his eyes4 ,at the instant ,lucy returned1 and a torrent of imprecation burst from the furious man1 in which wounded self-love1 rageful pride1 and long pent-up passion1 found utterance in wild and bitter words4 ,half an hour afterwards ,lucy ,stevens had left the merchant's house--for ever1 as it proved4 ,she1 indeed1 on arriving at her sister's1 sent a letter supplicating forgiveness at the thoughtless1 and1 as he deemed it1 insulting sketch1 intended only for ,emily's eye2 but he replied merely by a note written by one of his clerks1 informing ,miss ,stevens that ,mr4 ,lisle declined any further correspondence with her4 ,the ire of the angered and vindictive man had1 however1 begun sensibly to abate1 and old thoughts1 memories1 duties1 suggested partly by the blank which ,lucy's absence made in his house1 partly by remembrance of the solemn promise he had made her mother1 were strongly reviving in his mind1 when he read the announcement of her marriage in a provincial journal1 directed to him1 as he believed1 in the bride's handwriting2 but this was an error1 her sister having sent the newspaper4 ,mr4 ,lisle also construed this into a deliberate mockery and insult1 and from that hour strove to banish all images and thoughts connected with his cousin from his heart and memory4 ,he unfortunately adopted the very worst course possible for effecting this object4 ,had he remained amid the buzz and tumult of active life1 a mere sentimental disappointment1 such as thousands of us have sustained and afterwards forgotten1 would1 there can be little doubt1 have soon ceased to afflict him4 ,he chose to retire from business1 visited ,watley1 and habits of miserliness growing rapidly upon his cankered mind1 never afterwards removed from the lodgings he had hired on first arriving there4 ,thus madly hugging to himself sharp-pointed memories which a sensible man would have speedily cast off and forgotten1 the sour misanthrope passed a useless1 cheerless1 weary existence1 to which death must have been a welcome relief4 ,matters were in this state with the morose and aged man--aged mentally and corporeally1 although his years were but fifty-eight--when ,mr4 ,flint made ,mr4 ,jennings's acquaintance4 ,another month or so had passed away when ,caleb's attention was one day about noon claimed by a young man dressed in mourning1 accompanied by a female similarly attired1 and from their resemblance to each other he conjectured brother and sister4 ,the stranger wished to know if that was the house in which ,mr4 ,ambrose ,lisle resided4 ,jennings said it was2 and with civil alacrity left his stall and rang the front-door bell4 ,the summons was answered by the landlady's servant1 who1 since ,esther ,may's death1 had waited on the first-floor lodger2 and the visitors were invited to go up-stairs4 ,caleb1 much wondering who they might be1 returned to his stall1 and thence passed into his eating and sleeping room just below ,mr4 ,lisle's apartments4 ,he was in the act of taking a pipe from the mantel-shelf in order to the more deliberate and satisfactory cogitation on such an unusual event1 when he was startled by a loud shout1 or scream rather1 from above4 ,the quivering and excited voice was that of ,mr4 ,lisle1 and the outcry was immediately followed by an explosion of unintelligible exclamations from several persons4 ,caleb was up stairs in an instant1 and found himself in the midst of a strangely-perplexing and distracted scene4 ,mr4 ,lisle1 pale as his shirt1 shaking in every limb1 and his eyes on fire with passion1 was hurling forth a torrent of vituperation and reproach at the young woman1 whom he evidently mistook for some one else2 whilst she1 extremely terrified1 and unable to stand but for the assistance of her companion1 was tendering a letter in her outstretched hand1 and uttering broken sentences1 which her own agitation and the fury of ,mr4 ,lisle's invectives rendered totally incomprehensible4 ,at last the fierce old man struck the letter from her hand1 and with frantic rage ordered both the strangers to leave the room4 ,caleb urged them1 to comply1 and accompanied them down stairs4 ,when they reached the street1 he observed a woman on the other side of the way1 dressed in mourning1 and much older apparently--though he could not well see her face through the thick veil she wore--than she who had thrown ,mr4 ,lisle into such an agony of rage1 apparently waiting for them4 ,to her the young people immediately hastened1 and after a brief conference the three turned up the street1 and ,mr4 ,jennings saw no more of them4 ,a quarter of an hour afterwards the house-servant informed ,caleb that ,mr4 ,lisle had retired to bed1 and although still in great agitation1 and1 as she feared1 seriously indisposed1 would not permit ,dr4 ,clarke to be sent for4 ,so sudden and violent a hurricane in the usually dull and drowsy atmosphere in which ,jennings lived1 excited and disturbed him greatly3 the hours1 however1 flew past without bringing any relief to his curiosity1 and evening was falling1 when a peculiar knocking on the floor overhead announced that ,mr4 ,lisle desired his presence4 ,that gentleman was sitting up in bed1 and in the growing darkness his face could not be very distinctly seen2 but ,caleb instantly observed a vivid and unusual light in the old man's eyes4 ,the letter so strangely delivered was lying open before him2 and unless the shoemender was greatly mistaken1 there were stains of recent tears upon ,mr4 ,lisle's furrowed and hollow cheeks4 ,the voice1 too1 it struck ,caleb1 though eager1 was gentle and wavering4 ,it was a mistake1 ,jennings1 he said2 ,i was mad for the moment4 ,are they gone8 he added in a yet more subdued and gentle tone4 ,caleb informed him of what he had seen2 and as he did so1 the strange light in the old man's eyes seemed to quiver and sparkle with a yet intenser emotion than before4 ,presently he shaded them with his hand1 and remained several minutes silent4 ,he then said with a firmer voice3 ,i shall be glad if you will step to ,mr4 ,sowerby1 and tell him ,i am too unwell to see him this evening4 ,but be sure to say nothing else1 he eagerly added1 as ,caleb turned away in compliance with his request2 and when you come back1 let me see you again4 ,when ,jennings returned1 he found to his great surprise ,mr4 ,lisle up and nearly dressed2 and his astonishment increased a hundred-fold upon hearing that gentleman say1 in a quick but perfectly collected and decided manner1 that he should set off for ,london by the mail-train4 ,for ,london--and by night6 exclaimed ,caleb1 scarcely sure that he heard aright4 ,yes--yes1 ,i shall not be observed in the dark1 sharply rejoined ,mr4 ,lisle2 and you1 ,caleb1 must keep my secret from every body1 especially from ,sowerby4 ,i shall be here in time to see him to-morrow night1 and he will be none the wiser4 ,this was said with a slight chuckle2 and as soon as his simple preparations were complete1 ,mr4 ,lisle1 well wrapped up1 and his face almost hidden by shawls1 locked his door1 and assisted by ,jennings1 stole furtively down stairs1 and reached unrecognized the railway station just in time for the train4 ,it was quite dark the next evening when ,mr4 ,lisle returned2 and so well had he managed1 that ,mr4 ,sowerby1 who paid his usual visit about half an hour afterwards1 had evidently heard nothing of the suspicious absence of his esteemed client from ,watley4 ,the old man exulted over the success of his deception to ,caleb the next morning1 but dropped no hint as to the object of his sudden journey4 ,three days passed without the occurrence of any incident tending to the enlightenment of ,mr4 ,jennings upon these mysterious events1 which1 however1 he plainly saw had lamentably shaken the long-since failing man4 ,on the afternoon of the fourth day1 ,mr4 ,lisle walked1 or rather tottered1 into ,caleb's stall1 and seated himself on the only vacant stool it contained4 ,his manner was confused1 and frequently purposeless1 and there was an anxious1 flurried expression in his face which ,jennings did not at all like4 ,he remained silent for some time1 with the exception of partially inaudible snatches of comment or questionings1 apparently addressed to himself4 ,at last he said3 ,i shall take a longer journey to-morrow1 ,caleb--much longer3 let me see--where did ,i say8 ,ah1 yes6 to ,glasgow2 to be sure to ,glasgow6 ,to ,glasgow1 and to-morrow6 exclaimed the astounded cobbler4 ,no1 no--not ,glasgow2 they have removed1 feebly rejoined ,mr4 ,lisle4 ,but ,lucy has written it down for me4 ,true--true2 and to-morrow ,i shall set out4 ,the strange expression of ,mr4 ,lisle's face became momentarily more strongly marked1 and ,jennings1 greatly alarmed1 said3 ,you are ill1 ,mr4 ,lisle2 let me run for ,dr4 ,clarke4 ,no--no1 he murmured1 at the same time striving to rise from his seat1 which he could only accomplish by ,caleb's assistance1 and so supported1 he staggered indoors4 ,i shall be better to-morrow1 he said faintly1 and then slowly added3 ,to-morrow1 and to-morrow1 and to-morrow6 ,ah me6 ,yes1 as ,i said1 to-morrow1 ,i----,he paused abruptly1 and they gained his apartment4 ,he seated himself1 and then ,jennings1 at his mute solicitations1 assisted him to bed4 ,he lay some time with his eyes closed2 and ,caleb could feel--for ,mr4 ,lisle held him firmly by the hand1 as if to prevent his going away--a convulsive shudder pass over his frame4 ,at last he slowly opened his eyes1 and ,caleb saw that he was indeed about to depart upon the long journey from which there is no return4 ,the lips of the dying man worked inarticulately for some moments2 and then1 with a mighty effort1 as it seemed1 he said1 whilst his trembling hand pointed feebly to a bureau chest of drawers that stood in the room3 ,there--there for ,lucy2 there1 the secret place is----,some inaudible words followed1 and then1 after a still mightier struggle than before1 he gasped out3 ,no word--no word--to--to ,sowerby--for her--,lucy4 ,more was said1 but undistinguishable by mortal ear2 and after gazing with an expression of indescribable anxiety in the scared face of his awestruck listener1 the wearied eyes slowly reclosed--the deep silence flowed past2 then the convulsive shudder came again1 and he was dead6 ,caleb ,jennings tremblingly summoned the house-servant and the landlady1 and was still confusedly pondering the broken sentences uttered by the dying man1 when ,mr4 ,sowerby hurriedly arrived4 ,the attorney's first care was to assume the direction of affairs1 and to place seals upon every article containing or likely to contain any thing of value belonging to the deceased4 ,this done1 he went away to give directions for the funeral1 which took place a few days afterwards2 and it was then formally announced that ,mr4 ,sowerby succeeded by will to the large property of ,ambrose ,lisle2 under trust1 however1 for the family1 if any1 of ,robert ,lisle1 the deceased's brother1 who had gone when very young to ,india1 and had not been heard of for many years--a condition which did not at all mar the joy of the crafty lawyer1 he having long since instituted private inquiries1 which perfectly satisfied him that the said ,robert ,lisle had died1 unmarried1 at ,calcutta4 ,mr4 ,jennings was in a state of great dubiety and consternation4 ,sowerby had emptied the chest of drawers of every valuable it contained2 and unless he had missed the secret receptacle ,mr4 ,lisle had spoken of1 the deceased's intentions1 whatever they might have been1 were clearly defeated4 ,and if he had not discovered it1 how could he1 ,jennings1 get at the drawers to examine them8 ,a fortunate chance brought some relief to his perplexities4 ,ambrose ,lisle's furniture was advertised to be sold by auction1 and ,caleb resolved to purchase the bureau chest of drawers at almost any price1 although to do so would oblige him to break into his rent-money1 then nearly due4 ,the day of sale came1 and the important lot in its turn was put up4 ,in one of the drawers there were a number of loose newspapers1 and other valueless scraps2 and ,caleb1 with a sly grin1 asked the auctioneer if he sold the article with all its contents4 ,oh yes1 said ,sowerby1 who was watching the sale2 the buyer may have all it contains over his bargain1 and much good may it do him4 ,a laugh followed the attorney's sneering remark1 and the biddings went on4 ,i want it1 observed ,caleb1 because it just fits a recess like this one in my room underneath4 ,this he said to quiet a suspicion he thought he saw gathering upon the attorney's brow4 ,it was finally knocked down to ,caleb at ,l#e1 #ajs41 a sum considerably beyond its real value2 and he had to borrow a sovereign in order to clear his speculative purchase4 ,this done1 he carried off his prize1 and as soon as the closing of the house for the night secured him from interruption1 he set eagerly to work in search of the secret drawer4 ,a long and patient examination was richly rewarded4 ,behind one of the small drawers of the secretaire portion of the piece of furniture was another small one1 curiously concealed1 which contained ,bank-of-,england notes to the amount of ,l#bjj1 tied up with a letter1 upon the back of which was written1 in the deceased's handwriting1 ,to take with me4 ,the letter which ,caleb1 although he read print with facility1 had much difficulty in making out1 was that which ,mr4 ,lisle had struck from the young woman's hand a few weeks before1 and proved to be a very affecting appeal from ,lucy ,stevens1 now ,lucy ,warner1 and a widow1 with two grown-up children4 ,her husband had died in insolvent circumstances1 and she and her sister ,emily1 who was still single1 were endeavoring to carry on a school at ,bristol1 which promised to be sufficiently prosperous if the sum of about ,l#aej could be raised1 to save the furniture from her deceased husband's creditors4 ,the claim was pressing1 for ,mr4 ,warner had been dead nearly a year1 and ,mr4 ,lisle being the only relative ,mrs4 ,warner had in the world1 she had ventured to entreat his assistance for her mother's sake4 ,there could be no moral doubt1 therefore1 that this money was intended for ,mrs4 ,warner's relief2 and early in the morning ,mr4 ,caleb ,jennings dressed himself in his ,sunday's suit1 and with a brief announcement to his landlady that he was about to leave ,watley for a day or two on a visit to a friend1 set off for the railway station4 ,he had not proceeded far when a difficulty struck him3 the bank-notes were all twenties2 and were he to change a twenty-pound note at the station1 where he was well known1 great would be the tattle and wonderment1 if nothing worse1 that would ensue4 ,so ,caleb tried his credit again1 borrowed sufficient for his journey to ,london1 and there changed one of the notes4 ,he soon reached ,bristol1 and blessed was the relief which the sum of money he brought afforded ,mrs4 ,warner4 ,she expressed much sorrow for the death of ,mr4 ,lisle1 and great gratitude to ,caleb4 ,the worthy man accepted with some reluctance one of the notes1 or at least as much as remained of that which he had changed2 and after exchanging promises with the widow and her relatives to keep the matter secret1 departed homewards4 ,the young woman1 ,mrs4 ,warner's daughter1 who had brought the letter to ,watley1 was1 ,caleb noticed1 the very image of her mother1 or rather of what her mother must have been when young4 ,this remarkable resemblance it was1 no doubt1 which had for the moment so confounded and agitated ,mr4 ,lisle4 ,nothing occurred for about a fortnight after ,caleb's return to disquiet him1 and he had begun to feel tolerably sure that his discovery of the notes would remain unsuspected1 when1 one afternoon1 the sudden and impetuous entrance of ,mr4 ,sowerby into his stall caused him to jump up from his seat with surprise and alarm4 ,the attorney's face was deathly white1 his eyes glared like a wild beast's1 and his whole appearance exhibited uncontrollable agitation4 ,a word with you1 ,mr4 ,jennings1 he gasped--a word in private1 and at once6 ,caleb1 in scarcely less consternation than his visitor1 led the way into his inner room1 and closed the door4 ,restore--give back1 screamed the attorney1 vainly struggling to dissemble the agitation which convulsed him--that--that which you have purloined from the chest of drawers6 ,the hot blood rushed to ,caleb's face and temples2 the wild vehemence and suddenness of the demand confounded him2 and certain previous dim suspicions that the law might not only pronounce what he had done illegal1 but possibly felonious1 returned upon him with terrible force1 and he quite lost his presence of mind4 ,i can't--,i can't1 he stammered4 ,it's gone--given away---- ,gone6 shouted1 or more correctly howled1 ,sowerby1 at the same time flying at ,caleb's throat as if he would throttle him4 ,gone--given away6 ,you lie--you want to drive a bargain with me--dog6--liar6--rascal6--thief6 ,this was a species of attack which ,jennings was at no loss how to meet4 ,he shook the attorney roughly off1 and hurled him1 in the midst of his vituperation1 to the further end of the room4 ,they then stood glaring at each other in silence1 till the attorney1 mastering himself as well as he could1 essayed another and more rational mode of attaining his purpose4 ,come1 come1 ,jennings1 he said1 don't be a fool4 ,let us understand each other4 ,i have just discovered a paper1 a memorandum of what you have found in the drawers1 and to obtain which you bought them4 ,i don't care for the money--keep it2 only give me the papers--documents4 ,papers--documents6 ejaculated ,caleb in unfeigned surprise4 ,yes--yes2 of use to me only4 ,you1 ,i remember1 cannot read writing2 but they are of great consequence to me--to me only1 ,i tell you4 ,you can't mean ,mrs4 ,warner's letter8 ,no--no2 curse the letter6 ,you are playing with a tiger6 ,keep the money1 ,i tell you2 but give up the papers--documents--or ,i'll transport you6 shouted ,sowerby with reviving fury4 ,caleb1 thoroughly bewildered1 could only mechanically ejaculate that he had no papers or documents4 ,the rage of the attorney when he found he could extract nothing from ,jennings was frightful4 ,he literally foamed with passion1 uttered the wildest threats2 and then suddenly changing his key1 offered the astounded cobbler one--two--three thousand pounds--any sum he chose to name--for the papers--documents6 ,this scene of alternate violence and cajolery lasted nearly an hour2 and then ,sowerby rushed from the house1 as if pursued by the furies1 and leaving his auditor in a state of thorough bewilderment and dismay4 ,it occurred to ,caleb1 as soon as his mind had settled into something like order1 that there might be another secret drawer2 and the recollection of ,mr4 ,lisle's journey to ,london returned suggestively to him4 ,another long and eager search1 however1 proved fruitless2 and the suspicion was given up1 or1 more correctly1 weakened4 ,as soon as it was light the next morning1 ,mr4 ,sowerby was again with him4 ,he was more guarded now1 and was at length convinced that ,jennings had no paper or document to give up4 ,it was only some important memoranda1 observed the attorney carelessly1 that would save me a world of trouble in a lawsuit ,i shall have to bring against some heavy debtors to ,mr4 ,lisle's estate2 but ,i must do as well as ,i can without them4 ,good morning4 ,just as he reached the door1 a sudden thought appeared to strike him4 ,he stopped and said3 ,by the way1 ,jennings1 in the hurry of business ,i forgot that ,mr4 ,lisle had told me the chest of drawers you bought1 and a few other articles1 were family relics which he wished to be given to certain parties he named4 ,the other things ,i have got3 and you1 ,i presume1 will let me have the drawers for--say a pound profit on your bargain8 ,caleb was not the acutest man in the world2 but this sudden proposition1 carelessly as it was made1 suggested curious thoughts4 ,no1 he answered2 ,i shall not part with it4 ,i shall keep it as a memorial of ,mr4 ,lisle4 ,sowerby's face assumed1 as ,caleb spoke1 a ferocious expression4 ,shall you8 said he4 ,then1 be sure1 my fine fellow1 that you shall also have something to remember me by as long as you live6 ,he then went away1 and a few days afterwards ,caleb was served with a writ for the recovery of the two hundred pounds4 ,the affair made a great noise in the place2 and ,caleb's conduct being very generally approved1 a subscription was set on foot to defray the cost of defending the action--one ,hayling1 a rival attorney to ,sowerby1 having asserted that the words used by the proprietor of the chest of drawers at the sale barred his claim to the money found in them4 ,this wise gentleman was intrusted with the defence2 and1 strange to say1 the jury1 a common one--spite of the direction of the judge1 returned a verdict for the defendant1 upon the ground that ,sowerby's jocular or sneering remark amounted to a serious1 valid leave and license to sell two hundred pounds for five pounds ten shillings6 ,sowerby obtained1 as a matter of course1 a rule for a new trial2 and a fresh action was brought4 ,all at once ,hayling refused to go on1 alleging deficiency of funds4 ,he told ,jennings that in his opinion it would be better that he should give in to ,sowerby's whim1 who only wanted the drawers in order to comply with the testator's wishes4 ,besides1 remarked ,hayling in conclusion1 he is sure to get the article1 you know1 when it comes to be sold under a writ of fi4 fa4 ,a few days after this conversation1 it was ascertained that ,hayling was to succeed to ,sowerby's business1 the latter gentleman being about to retire upon the fortune bequeathed him by ,mr4 ,lisle4 ,at last ,caleb1 driven nearly out of his senses1 though still doggedly obstinate1 by the harassing perplexities in which he found himself1 thought of applying to us4 ,a very curious affair1 upon my word1 remarked ,mr4 ,flint1 as soon as ,caleb had unburdened himself of the story of his woes and cares2 and in my opinion by no means explainable by ,sowerby's anxiety to fulfil the testator's wishes4 ,he cannot expect to get two hundred pence out of you2 and ,mrs4 ,warner1 you say1 is equally unable to pay4 ,very odd indeed4 ,perhaps if we could get time1 something might turn up4 ,with this view ,flint looked over the papers ,caleb had brought1 and found the declaration was in trover--a manifest error--the notes never admittedly having been in ,sowerby's actual possession4 ,we accordingly demurred to the form of action1 and the proceedings were set aside4 ,this1 however1 proved of no ultimate benefit3 ,sowerby persevered1 and a fresh action was instituted against the unhappy shoemender4 ,so utterly overcrowed and disconsolate was poor ,caleb1 that1 he determined to give up the drawers1 which was all ,sowerby even now required1 and so wash his hands of the unfortunate business4 ,previous1 however1 to this being done1 it was determined that another thorough and scientific examination of the mysterious piece of furniture should be made2 and for this purpose1 ,mr4 ,flint obtained a workman skilled in the mysteries of secret contrivances1 from the desk and dressing-case establishment in ,king-street1 ,holborn1 and proceeded with him to ,watley4 ,the man performed his task with great care and skill3 every depth and width was gauged and measured1 in order to ascertain if there were any false bottoms or backs2 and the workman finally pronounced that there was no concealed receptacle in the article4 ,i am sure there is1 persisted ,flint1 whom disappointment as usual rendered but the more obstinate2 and so is ,sowerby2 and he knows1 too1 that it is so cunningly contrived as to be undiscoverable1 except by a person in the secret1 which he no doubt at first imagined ,caleb to be4 ,i'll tell you what we will do3 you have the necessary tools with you4 ,split the confounded chest of drawers into shreds3 ,i'll be answerable for the consequences4 ,this was done carefully and methodically1 but for some time without result4 ,at length the large drawer next the floor had to be knocked to pieces2 and as it fell apart1 one section of the bottom1 which1 like all the others1 was divided into two compartments1 dropped asunder1 and discovered a parchment laid flat between the two thin leaves1 which1 when pressed together in the grooves of the drawer1 presented precisely the same appearance as the rest4 ,flint snatched up the parchment1 and his eager eye scarcely rested an instant on the writing1 when a shout of triumph burst from him4 ,it was the last will and testament of ,ambrose ,lisle1 dated ,august #ba1 #ahch--the day of his last hurried visit to ,london4 ,it revoked the former will1 and bequeathed the whole of his property1 in equal portions1 to his cousins ,lucy ,warner and ,emily ,stevens1 with succession to their children2 but with reservation of one-half to his brother ,robert or children1 should he be alive1 or have left offspring4 ,great1 it may be supposed1 was the jubilation of ,caleb ,jennings at this discovery2 and all ,watley1 by his agency1 was in a marvelously short space of time in a very similar state of excitement4 ,it was very late that night when he reached his bed2 and how he got there at all1 and what precisely had happened1 except1 indeed1 that he had somewhere picked up a splitting headache1 was1 for some time after he awoke the next morn1 very confusedly remembered4 ,mr4 ,flint1 upon reflection1 was by no means so exultant as the worthy shoemender4 ,the odd mode of packing away a deed of such importance1 with no assignable motive for doing so1 except the needless awe with which ,sowerby was said to have inspired his feeble-spirited client1 together with what ,caleb had said of the shattered state of the deceased's mind after the interview with ,mrs4 ,warner's daughter1 suggested fears that ,sowerby might dispute1 and perhaps successfully1 the validity of this last will4 ,my excellent partner1 however1 determined1 as was his wont1 to put a bold face on the matter2 and first clearly settling in his own mind what he should and what he should not say1 he waited upon ,mr4 ,sowerby4 ,the news had preceded him1 and he was at once surprised and delighted to find that the nervous1 crestfallen attorney was quite unaware of the advantages of his position4 ,on condition of not being called to account for the moneys he had received and expended1 about ,l#abjj1 he destroyed the former will in ,mr4 ,flint's presence1 and gave up at once all the deceased's papers4 ,from these we learned that ,mr4 ,lisle had written a letter to ,mrs4 ,warner1 stating what he had done1 where the will would be found1 and that only herself and ,jennings would know the secret4 ,from infirmity of purpose1 or from having subsequently determined on a personal interview1 the letter was not posted2 and ,sowerby subsequently discovered it1 together with a memorandum of the numbers of the bank-notes found by ,caleb in the secret drawer--the eccentric gentleman appears to have had quite a mania for such hiding-places--of a writing-desk4 ,the affair was thus happily terminated3 ,mrs4 ,warner1 her children1 and sister1 were enriched1 and ,caleb ,jennings was set up in a good way of business in his native place1 where he still flourishes4 ,over the centre of his shop there is a large nondescript sign1 surmounted by a golden boot1 which1 upon close inspection1 is found to bear some resemblance to a huge bureau chest of drawers1 all the circumstances connected with which may be heard1 for the asking1 and in much fuller detail than ,i have given1 from the lips of the owner of the establishment1 by any lady or gentleman who will take the trouble of a journey to ,watley for that purpose4 ,,my ,,novel3 ,,or1 ,,varieties ,,in ,,english ,,life1#h ,,by ,,pisistratus ,,caxton4 ,,book ,,vi4--,,initial ,,chapter4 ,life1 said my father1 in his most dogmatical tone1 is a certain quantity in time1 which may be regarded in two ways--first1 as life ,integral2 second1 as life ,fractional4 ,life integral is that complete whole1 expressive of a certain value1 large or small1 which each man possesses in himself4 ,life fractional is that same whole seized upon and invaded by other people1 and subdivided amongst them4 ,they who get a large slice of it say1 'a very valuable life this6'--those who get but a small handful say1 'so1 so1 nothing very great6'--those who get none of it in the scramble exclaim1 ',good for nothing6' ,i don't understand a word you are saying1 growled ,captain ,roland4 ,my father surveyed his brother with compassion--,i will make it all clear even to your understanding4 ,when ,i sit down by myself in my study1 having carefully locked the door on all of you1 alone with my books and thoughts1 ,i am in full possession of my integral life4 ,i am totus1 teres1 atque rotundus--a whole human being--equivalent in value we will say1 for the sake of illustration1 to a fixed round sum--,l#ajj1 for example4 ,but when ,i come forth into the common apartment1 each of those to whom ,i am of any worth whatsoever puts his fingers into the bag that contains me and takes out of me what he wants4 ,kitty requires me to pay a bill2 ,pisistratus to save him the time and trouble of looking into a score or two of books2 the children to tell them stories2 or play at hide-and-seek2 the carp for breadcrumbs2 and so on throughout the circle to which ,i have incautiously given myself up for plunder and subdivision4 ,the ,l#ajj which ,i represented in my study is now parcelled out2 ,i am worth ,l#dj or ,l#ej to ,kitty1 ,l#bj to ,pisistratus1 and perhaps #cjs4 to the carp4 ,this is life fractional4 ,and ,i cease to be an integral till once more returning to my study1 and again closing the door on all existence but my own4 ,meanwhile1 it is perfectly clear that1 to those who1 whether ,i am in the study or whether ,i am in the common sitting-room1 get nothing at all out of me1 ,i am not worth a farthing4 ,it must be wholly indifferent to a native of ,kamschatka whether ,austin ,caxton be or be not rased out of the great account-book of human beings4 ,hence1 continued my father--hence it follows that the more fractional a life be--id est1 the greater the number of persons among whom it can be subdivided--why1 the more there are to say1 'a very valuable life that6' ,thus1 the leader of a political party1 a conqueror1 a king1 an author who is amusing hundreds or thousands1 or millions1 has a greater number of persons whom his worth interests and affects than a ,saint ,simon ,stylites could have when he perched himself at the top of a column2 although1 regarded each in himself1 ,saint ,simon1 in his grand mortification of flesh1 in the idea that he thereby pleased his ,divine ,benefactor1 might represent a larger sum of moral value per se than ,bonaparte or ,voltaire4 ,pisistratus4--,perfectly clear1 sir1 but ,i don't see what it has to do with ,my ,novel4 ,mr4 ,caxton4--,every thing4 ,your novel1 if it is to be a full and comprehensive survey of the ',quicquid agunt homines'1 7which it ought to be1 considering the length and breadth to which ,i foresee1 from the slow development of your story1 you meditate extending and expanding it17 will embrace the two views of existence1 the integral and the fractional4 ,you have shown us the former in ,leonard1 when he is sitting in his mother's cottage1 or resting from his work by the little fount in ,riccabocca's garden4 ,and in harmony with that view of his life1 you have surrounded him with comparative integrals1 only subdivided by the tender hands of their immediate families and neighbors--your ,squires and ,parsons1 your ,italian exile and his ,jemima4 ,with all these1 life is more or less the life natural1 and this is always more or less the life integral4 ,then comes the life artificial1 which is always more or less the life fractional4 ,in the life natural1 wherein we are swayed but by our own native impulses and desires1 subservient only to the great silent law of virtue1 7which has pervaded the universe since it swung out of chaos17 a man is of worth from what he is in himself--,newton was as worthy before the apple fell from the tree as when all ,europe applauded the discoverer of the principle of gravity4 ,but in the life artificial we are only of worth in as much as we affect others4 ,and1 relative to that life1 ,newton rose in value more than a million per cent4 when down fell the apple from which ultimately sprang up his discovery4 ,in order to keep civilization going1 and spread over the world the light of human intellect1 we have certain desires within us1 ever swelling beyond the ease and independence which belong to us as integrals4 ,cold man as ,newton might be1 7he once took a lady's hand in his own1 ,kitty1 and used her forefinger for his tobacco-stopper2 great philosopher67--cold as he might be1 he was yet moved into giving his discoveries to the world1 and that from motives very little differing in their quality from the motives that make ,dr4 ,squills communicate articles to the ,phrenological ,journal upon the skulls of ,bushmen and wombats4 ,for it is the property of light to travel4 ,when a man has light in him1 forth it must go4 ,but the first passage of genius from its integral state 7in which it has been reposing on its own wealth7 into the fractional1 is usually through a hard and vulgar pathway4 ,it leaves behind it the reveries of solitude--that self-contemplating rest which may be called the ,visionary1 and enters suddenly into the state that may be called the ,positive and ,actual4 ,there1 it sees the operation of money on the outer life--sees all the ruder and commoner springs of action--sees ambition without nobleness--love without romance--is bustled about1 and ordered1 and trampled1 and cowed--in short1 it passes an apprenticeship with some ,richard ,avenel1 and does not yet detect what good and what grandeur1 what addition even to the true poetry of the social universe1 fractional existences like ,richard ,avenel's bestow2 for the pillars that support society are like those of the court of the ,hebrew ,tabernacle--they are of brass1 it is true1 but they are filleted with silver4 ,from such intermediate state genius is expelled1 and driven on in its way1 and would have been so in this case1 had ,mrs4 ,fairfield 7who is but the representative of the homely natural affections1 strongest ever in true genius--for light is warm7 never crushed ,mr4 ,avenel's moss rose on her sisterly bosom4 ,now1 forth from this passage and defile of transition into the larger world1 must genius go on1 working out its natural destiny amidst things and forms the most artificial4 ,passions that move and influence the world are at work around it4 ,often lost sight of itself1 its very absence is a silent contrast to the agencies present4 ,merged and vanished for a while amidst the practical world1 yet we ourselves feel all the while that it is there--is at work amidst the workings around it4 ,this practical world that effaces it rose out of some genius that has gone before2 and so each man of genius1 though we never come across him1 as his operations proceed1 in places remote from our thoroughfares1 is yet influencing the practical world that ignores him1 for ever and ever4 ,that is ,,genius6 ,we can't describe it in books--we can only hint and suggest it1 by the accessaries which we artfully heap about it4 ,the entrance of a true probationer into the terrible ordeal of practical life is like that into the miraculous cavern1 by which1 legend informs us1 ,st4 ,patrick converted ,ireland4 ,blanche4--,what is that legend8 ,i never heard of it4 ,mr4 ,caxton4--,my dear1 you will find it in a thin folio at the right on entering my study1 written by ,thomas ,messingham1 and called ',florilegium ,insulae ,sanctorum1' c4 ,the account therein is confirmed by the relation of an honest soldier1 one ,louis ,ennius1 who had actually entered the cavern4 ,in short1 the truth of the legend is undeniable1 unless you mean to say1 which ,i can't for a moment suppose1 that ,louis ,ennius was a liar4 ,thus it runs3--,st4 ,patrick1 finding that the ,irish pagans were incredulous as to his pathetic assurances of the pains and torments destined to those who did not expiate their sins in this world1 prayed for a miracle to convince them4 ,his prayer was heard2 and a certain cavern1 so small that a man could not stand up therein at his ease1 was suddenly converted into a ,purgatory1 comprehending tortures sufficient to convince the most incredulous4 ,one unacquainted with human nature might conjecture that few would be disposed to venture voluntarily into such a place2 on the contrary1 pilgrims came in crowds4 ,now1 all who entered from vain curiosity1 or with souls unprepared1 perished miserably2 but those who entered with deep and earnest faith1 conscious of their faults1 and if bold1 yet humble1 not only came out safe and sound1 but purified1 as if from the waters of a second baptism4 ,see ,savage and ,johnson at night in ,fleet-street1 and who shall doubt the truth of ,st4 ,patrick's ,purgatory8 ,therewith my father sighed--closed his ,lucian1 which had lain open on the table1 and would read nothing but good books for the rest of the evening4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,on their escape from the prison to which ,mr4 ,avenel had condemned them1 ,leonard and his mother found their way to a small public-house that lay at a little distance from the town1 and on the outskirts of the high-road4 ,with his arm round his mother's waist1 ,leonard supported her steps and soothed her excitement4 ,in fact the poor woman's nerves were greatly shaken1 and she felt an uneasy remorse at the injury her intrusion had inflicted on the young man's worldly prospects4 ,as the shrewd reader has guessed already1 that infamous ,tinker was the prime agent of evil in this critical turn in the affairs of his quondam customer4 ,for1 on his return to his haunts around ,hazeldean and the ,casino1 the ,tinker had hastened to apprise ,mrs4 ,fairfield of his interview with ,leonard1 and on finding that she was not aware that the boy was under the roof of his uncle1 the pestilent vagabond 7perhaps from spite against ,mr4 ,avenel1 or perhaps from that pure love of mischief by which metaphysical critics explain the character of ,iago1 and which certainly formed a main element in the idiosyncrasy of ,mr4 ,sprott7 had so impressed on the widow's mind the haughty demeanor of the uncle and the refined costume of the nephew1 that ,mrs4 ,fairfield had been seized with a bitter and insupportable jealousy4 ,there was an intention to rob her of her boy6--he was to be made too fine for her4 ,his silence was now accounted for4 ,this sort of jealousy1 always more or less a feminine quality1 is often very strong amongst the poor2 and it was the more strong in ,mrs4 ,fairfield1 because1 lone woman as she was1 the boy was all in all to her4 ,and though she was reconciled to the loss of his presence1 nothing could reconcile her to the thought that his affections should be weaned from her4 ,moreover1 there were in her mind certain impressions1 of the justice of which the reader may better judge hereafter1 as to the gratitude1 more than ordinarily filial1 which ,leonard owed to her4 ,in short1 she did not like1 as she phrased it1 to be shaken off2 and after a sleepless night she resolved to judge for herself1 much moved thereto by the malicious suggestions to that effect made by ,mr4 ,sprott1 who mightily enjoyed the idea of mortifying the gentleman by whom he had been so disrespectfully threatened with the treadmill4 ,the widow felt angry with ,parson ,dale1 and with the ,riccaboccas2 she thought they were in the plot against her2 she communicated1 therefore1 her intention to none--and off she set1 performing the journey partly on the top of the coach1 partly on foot4 ,no wonder that she was dusty1 poor woman4 ,and1 oh1 boy6 said she1 half sobbing1 when ,i got through the lodge gates1 came on the lawn1 and saw all that power o' fine folk--,i said to myself1 says ,i--7for ,i felt fritted7--,i'll just have a look at him and go back4 ,but ah1 ,lenny1 when ,i saw thee1 looking so handsome--and when thee turned and cried ',mother6' my heart was just ready to leap out o' my mouth--and so ,i could not help hugging thee1 if ,i had died for it4 ,and thou wert so kind1 that ,i forgot all ,mr4 ,sprott had said about ,dick's pride1 or thought he had just told a fib about that1 as he had wanted me to believe a fib about thee4 ,then ,dick came up--and ,i had not seen him for so many years--and we come o' the same father and mother2 and so--and so--the widow's sobs here fairly choked her4 ,ah1 she said1 after giving vent to her passion1 and throwing her arms round ,leonard's neck1 as they sat in the little sanded parlor of the public-house--,ah1 and ,i've brought thee to this4 ,go back1 go back1 boy1 and never mind me4 ,with some difficulty ,leonard pacified poor ,mrs4 ,fairfield1 and got her to retire to bed2 for she was indeed thoroughly exhausted4 ,he then stepped forth into the road1 musingly4 ,all the stars were out2 and ,youth1 in its troubles1 instinctively looks up to the stars4 ,folding his arms1 ,leonard gazed on the heavens1 and his lips murmured4 ,from this trance1 for so it might be called1 he was awakened by a voice in a decidedly ,london accent2 and1 turning hastily round1 saw ,mr4 ,avenel's very gentlemanlike butler4 ,leonard's first idea was that his uncle had repented1 and sent in search of him4 ,but the butler seemed as much surprised at the rencontre as himself2 that personage1 indeed1 the fatigues of the day being over1 was accompanying one of ,mr4 ,gunter's waiters to the public-house1 7at which the latter had secured his lodging17 having discovered an old friend in the waiter1 and proposing to regale himself with a cheerful glass1 and--that of course--abuse of his present sitivation4 ,mr4 ,fairfield6 exclaimed the butler1 while the waiter walked discreetly on4 ,leonard looked1 and said nothing4 ,the butler began to think that some apology was due for leaving his plate and his pantry1 and that he might as well secure ,leonard's propitiatory influence with his master-- ,please1 sir1 said he1 touching his hat1 ,i was just a-showing ,mr4 ,giles the way to the ,blue ,bells1 where he puts up for the night4 ,i hope my master will not be offended4 ,if you are a-going back1 sir1 would you kindly mention it8 ,i am not going back1 ,jarvis1 answered ,leonard1 after a pause2 ,i am leaving ,mr4 ,avenel's house1 to accompany my mother2 rather suddenly4 ,i should be very much obliged to you if you would bring some things of mine to me at the ,blue ,bells4 ,i will give you the list1 if you will step back with me to the inn4 ,without waiting for a reply1 ,leonard then turned towards the inn1 and made his humble inventory3 item1 the clothes he had brought with him from the ,casino2 item1 the knapsack that had contained them2 item1 a few books1 ditto2 item1 ,dr4 ,riccabocca's watch2 item1 sundry ,,mss41 on which the young student now built all his hopes of fame and fortune4 ,this list he put into ,mr4 ,jarvis's hand4 ,sir1 said the butler1 twirling the paper between his finger and thumb1 you are not a-going for long1 ,i hope2 and as he thought of the scene on the lawn1 the report of which had vaguely reached his ears1 he looked on the face of the young man1 who had always been civil spoken to him1 with as much1 curiosity and as much compassion as so apathetic and princely a personage could experience in matters affecting a family less aristocratic than he had hitherto condescended to serve4 ,yes1 said ,leonard1 simply and briefly2 and your master will no doubt excuse you for rendering me this service4 ,mr4 ,jarvis postponed for the present his glass and chat with the waiter1 and went back at once to ,mr4 ,avenel4 ,that gentleman1 still seated in his library1 had not been aware of the butler's absence2 and when ,mr4 ,jarvis entered and told him that he had met ,mr4 ,fairfield1 and1 communicating the commission with which he was intrusted1 asked leave to execute it1 ,mr4 ,avenel felt the man's inquisitive eye was on him1 and conceived new wrath against ,leonard for a new humiliation to his pride4 ,it was awkward to give no explanation of his nephew's departure1 still more awkward to explain4 ,after a short pause1 ,mr4 ,avenel said sullenly1 ,my nephew is going away on business for some time--do what he tells you2 and then turned his back1 and lighted his cigar4 ,that beast of a boy1 said he1 soliloquizing1 either means this as an affront1 or an overture2 if an affront1 he is1 indeed1 well got rid of2 if an overture1 he will soon make a more respectful and proper one4 ,after all1 ,i can't have too little of relations till ,i have fairly secured ,mrs4 ,mc,catchly4 ,an ,honorable6 ,i wonder if that makes me an ,honorable too8 ,this cursed ,debrett contains no practical information on these points4 ,the next morning1 the clothes and the watch with which ,mr4 ,avenel had presented ,leonard were returned1 with a note meant to express gratitude1 but certainly written with very little knowledge of the world1 and so full of that somewhat over-resentful pride which had in earlier life made ,leonard fly from ,hazeldean1 and refuse all apology to ,randal1 that it is not to be wondered at that ,mr4 ,avenel's last remorseful feelings evaporated in ire4 ,i hope he will starve6 said the uncle1 vindictively4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,listen to me1 my dear mother1 said ,leonard the next morning1 as with his knapsack on his shoulder and ,mrs4 ,fairfield on his arm1 he walked along the high road2 ,i do assure you1 from my heart1 that ,i do not regret the loss of favors which ,i see plainly would have crushed out of me the very sense of independence4 ,but do not fear for me2 ,i have education and energy--,i shall do well for myself1 trust me4 ,no2 ,i cannot1 it is true1 go back to our cottage--,i cannot be a gardener again4 ,don't ask me--,i should be discontented1 miserable4 ,but ,i will go up to ,london6 ,that's the place to make a fortune and a name3 ,i will make both4 ,o yes1 trust me1 ,i will4 ,you shall soon be proud of your ,leonard2 and then we will always live together--always6 ,don't cry4 ,but what can you do in ,london--such a big place1 ,lenny8 ,what6 ,every year does not some lad leave our village1 and go and seek his fortune1 taking with him but health and strong hands8 ,i have these1 and ,i have more3 ,i have brains1 and thoughts1 and hopes1 that--again ,i say1 ,no1 no--never fear for me6 ,the boy threw back his head proudly2 there was something sublime in his young trust in the future4 ,well--but you will write to ,mr4 ,dale1 or to me8 ,i will get ,mr4 ,dale1 or the good ,mounseer 7now ,i knew they were not agin me7 to read your letters4 ,i will1 indeed6 ,and1 boy1 you have nothing in your pockets4 ,we have paid ,dick2 these1 at least1 are my own1 after paying the coach fare4 ,and she would thrust a sovereign and some shillings into ,leonard's waistcoat pocket4 ,after some resistance1 he was forced to consent4 ,and there's a sixpence with a hole in it4 ,don't part with that1 ,lenny2 it will bring thee good luck4 ,thus talking1 they gained the inn where the three roads met1 and from which a coach went direct to the ,casino4 ,and here1 without entering the inn1 they sat on the green sward by the hedge-row1 waiting the arrival of the coach4 ,mrs4 ,fairfield was much subdued in spirits1 and there was evidently on her mind something uneasy--some struggle with her conscience4 ,she not only upbraided herself for her rash visit2 but she kept talking of her dead ,mark4 ,and what would he say of her1 if he could see her in heaven8 ,it was so selfish in me1 ,lenny4 ,pooh1 pooh6 ,has not a mother a right to her child8 ,ay1 ay1 ay6 cried ,mrs4 ,fairfield3 ,i do love you as a child--my own child4 ,but if ,i was not your mother1 after all1 ,lenny1 and cost you all this--oh1 what would you say of me then8 ,not my own mother6 said ,leonard1 laughing1 as he kissed her4 ,well1 ,i don't know what ,i should say then differently from what ,i say now--that you who brought me up1 and nursed and cherished me1 had a right to my home and my heart1 wherever ,i was4 ,bless thee6 cried ,mrs4 ,fairfield1 as she pressed him to her heart4 ,but it weighs here--it weighs--she said1 starting up4 ,at that instant the coach appeared1 and ,leonard ran forward to inquire if there was an outside place4 ,then there was a short bustle while the horses were being changed2 and ,mrs4 ,fairfield was lifted up to the roof of the vehicle4 ,so all future private conversation between her and ,leonard ceased4 ,but as the coach whirled away1 and she waved her hand to the boy1 who stood on the road-side gazing after her1 she still murmured--,it weighs here--it weighs6---- ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,leonard walked sturdily on in the high-road to the ,great ,city4 ,the day was calm and sunlit1 but with a gentle breeze from gray hills at the distance2 and with each mile that he passed1 his step seemed to grow more firm1 and his front more elate4 ,oh6 it is such joy in youth to be alone with one's day dreams4 ,and youth feels so glorious a vigor in the sense of its own strength1 though the world be before and--against it6 ,removed from that chilling counting-house--from the imperious will of a patron and master--all friendless1 but all independent--the young adventurer felt a new being--felt his grand nature as ,man4 ,and on the ,man rushed the genius long interdicted--and thrust aside--rushing back1 with the first breath of adversity to console--no6 the ,man needed not consolation1--to kindle1 to animate1 to rejoice6 ,if there is a being in the world worthy of our envy1 after we have grown wise philosophers of the fireside1 it is not the palled voluptuary1 nor the care-worn statesman1 nor even the great prince of arts and letters1 already crowned with the laurel1 whose leaves are as fit for poison as for garlands2 it is the young child of adventure and hope4 ,ay1 and the emptier his purse1 ten to one but the richer his heart1 and the wider the domains which his fancy enjoys as he goes on with kingly step to the ,future4 ,not till towards the evening did our adventurer slacken his pace1 and think of rest and refreshment4 ,there1 then1 lay before him1 on either side the road1 those wide patches of uninclosed land1 which in ,england often denote the entrance to a village4 ,presently one or two neat cottages came in sight--then a small farm-house1 with its yard and barns4 ,and some way farther yet1 he saw the sign swinging before an inn of some pretensions--the sort of inn often found on a long stage between two great towns1 commonly called ,the ,half-way ,house4 ,but the inn stood back from the road1 having its own separate sward in front1 whereon were a great beech tree 7from which the sign extended7 and a rustic arbor--so that1 to gain the inn1 the coaches that stopped there took a sweep from the main thoroughfare4 ,between our pedestrian and the inn there stood naked and alone1 on the common land1 a church2 our ancestors never would have chosen that site for it2 therefore it was a modern church--modern ,gothic--handsome to an eye not versed in the attributes of ecclesiastical architecture--very barbarous to an eye that was4 ,somehow or other the church looked cold and raw and uninviting4 ,it looked a church for show--much too big for the scattered hamlet--and void of all the venerable associations which give their peculiar and unspeakable atmosphere of piety to the churches in which succeeding generations have knelt and worshipped4 ,leonard paused and surveyed the edifice with an unlearned but poetical gaze--it dissatisfied him4 ,and he was yet pondering why1 when a young girl passed slowly before him1 her eyes fixed on the ground1 opened the little gate that led into the churchyard1 and vanished4 ,he did not see the child's face2 but there was something in her movements so utterly listless1 forlorn1 and sad1 that his heart was touched4 ,what did she there8 ,he approached the low wall with a noiseless step1 and looked over it wistfully4 ,there1 by a grave evidently quite recent1 with no wooden tomb nor tombstone like the rest1 the little girl had thrown herself1 and she was sobbing loud and passionately4 ,leonard opened the gate1 and approached her with a soft step4 ,mingled with her sobs1 he heard broken sentences1 wild and vain1 as all human sorrowings over graves must be4 ,father6--oh1 father6 do you not really hear me8 ,i am so lone--so lone6 ,take me to you--take me6 ,and she buried her face in the deep grass4 ,poor child6 said ,leonard1 in a half whisper--he is not there4 ,look above6 ,the girl did not heed him--he put his arm round her waist gently--she made a gesture of impatience and anger1 but she would not turn her face--and she clung to the grave with her hands4 ,after clear sunny days the dews fall more heavily2 and now1 as the sun set1 the herbage was bathed in a vaporous haze--a dim mist rose around4 ,the young man seated himself beside her1 and tried to draw the child to his breast4 ,then she turned eagerly1 indignantly1 and pushed him aside with jealous arms4 ,he profaned the grave6 ,he understood her with his deep poet heart1 and rose4 ,there was a pause4 ,leonard was the first to break it4 ,come to your home with me1 my child1 and we will talk of him by the way4 ,him6 ,who are you8 ,you did not know him8 said the girl1 still with anger4 ,go away--why do you disturb me8 ,i do no one harm4 ,go--go6 ,you do yourself harm1 and that will grieve him if he sees you yonder6 ,come6 ,the child looked at him through her blinding tears1 and his face softened and soothed her4 ,go6 she said very plaintively1 and in subdued accents4 ,i will but stay a minute more4 ,i--,i have so much to say yet4 ,leonard left the churchyard1 and waited without2 and in a short time the child came forth1 waved him aside as he approached her1 and hurried away4 ,he followed her at a distance1 and saw her disappear within the inn4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,hip--hip--,hurrah6 ,such was the sound that greeted our young traveller as he reached the inn door--a sound joyous in itself1 but sadly out of harmony with the feelings which the child's sobbing on the tombless grave had left at his heart4 ,the sound came from within1 and was followed by thumps and stamps1 and the jingle of glasses4 ,a strong odor of tobacco was wafted to his olfactory sense4 ,he hesitated a moment at the threshold4 ,before him on benches under the beech-tree and within the arbor1 were grouped sundry athletic forms with pipes in the liberal air4 ,the landlady1 as she passed across the passage to the tap-room1 caught sight of his form at the doorway1 and came forward4 ,leonard still stood irresolute4 ,he would have gone on his way1 but for the child2 she had interested him strongly4 ,you seem full1 ma'am1 said he4 ,can ,i have accommodation for the night8 ,why1 indeed1 sir1 said the landlady1 civilly1 ,i can give you a bedroom1 but ,i don't know where to put you meanwhile4 ,the two parlors and the tap-room and the kitchen are all chokeful4 ,there has been a great cattle-fair in the neighborhood1 and ,i suppose we have as many as fifty farmers and drovers stopping here4 ,as to that1 ma'am1 ,i can sit in the bedroom you are kind enough to give me2 and if it does not cause you too much trouble to let me have some tea there1 ,i should be glad2 but ,i can wait your leisure4 ,do not put yourself out of the way for me4 ,the landlady was touched by a consideration she was not much habituated to receive from her bluff customers4 ,you speak very handsome1 sir1 and we will do our best to serve you1 if you will excuse all faults4 ,this way1 sir4 ,leonard lowered his knapsack1 stepped in the passage1 with some difficulty forced his way through a knot of sturdy giants in top-boots or leathern gaiters who were swarming in and out the tap-room1 and followed his hostess up stairs to a little bedroom at the top of the house4 ,it is small1 sir1 and high1 said the hostess apologetically4 ,but there be four gentlemen farmers that have come a great distance1 and all the first floor is engaged2 you will be more out of the noise here4 ,nothing can suit me better4 ,but1 stay--pardon me2 and ,leonard1 glancing at the garb of the hostess1 observed she was not in mourning4 ,a little girl whom ,i saw in the churchyard yonder1 weeping very bitterly--is she a relation of yours8 ,poor child1 she seems to have deeper feelings than are common at her age4 ,ah1 sir1 said the landlady1 putting the corner of her apron to her eyes1 it is a very sad story--,i don't know what to do4 ,her father was taken ill on his way to ,lunnun1 and stopped here1 and has been buried four days4 ,and the poor little girl seems to have no relations--and where is she to go8 ,laryer ,jones says we must pass her to ,marybone parish1 where her father lived last2 and what's to become of her then8 ,my heart bleeds to think on it4 ,here then rose such an uproar from below1 that it was evident some quarrel had broken out2 and the hostess1 recalled to her duties1 hastened to carry thither her propitiatory influences4 ,leonard seated himself pensively by the little lattice4 ,here was some one more alone in the world than he4 ,and she1 poor orphan1 had no stout man's heart to grapple with fate1 and no golden manuscripts that were to be as the ,open ,sesame to the treasures of ,aladdin4 ,by-and-by the hostess brought him up a tray with tea and other refreshments1 and ,leonard resumed his inquiries4 ,no relatives8 said he2 surely the child must have some kinsfolk in ,london8 ,did her father leave no directions1 or was he in possession of his faculties8 ,yes1 sir2 he was quite reasonable-like to the last4 ,and ,i asked him if he had not any thing on his mind1 and he said1 ',i have4' ,and ,i said1 ',your little girl1 sir8' ,and he answered1 ',yes1 ma'am2' and laying his head on his pillow1 he wept very quietly4 ,i could not say more myself1 for it set me off to see him cry so meekly2 but my husband is harder nor ,i1 and he said1 ',cheer up1 ,mr4 ,digby2 had not you better write to your friends8' ',friends6' said the gentleman1 in such a voice6 ',friends ,i have but one1 and ,i am going to ,him6 ,i cannot take her there6' ,then he seemed suddenly to recollect hisself1 and called for his clothes1 and rummaged in the pockets as if looking for some address1 and could not find it4 ,he seemed a forgetful kind of gentleman1 and his hands were what ,i call helpless hands1 sir6 ,and then he gasped out1 ',stop--stop6 ,i never had the address4 ,write to ,lord ,les--1' something like ,lord ,lester--but we could not make out the name4 ,indeed he did not finish it1 for there was a rush of blood to his lips2 and though he seemed sensible when he recovered1 7and knew us and his little girl too1 till he went off smiling17 he never spoke word more4 ,poor man1 said ,leonard1 wiping his eyes4 ,but his little girl surely remembers the name that he did not finish8 ,no4 ,she says1 he must have meant a gentleman whom they had met in the ,park not long ago1 who was very kind to her father1 and was ,lord something2 but she don't remember the name1 for she never saw him before or since1 and her father talked very little about any one lately1 but thought he should find some kind friends at ,screwstown1 and travelled down there with her from ,lunnon4 ,but she supposes he was disappointed1 for he went out1 came back1 and merely told her to put up the things1 as they must go back to ,lunnon4 ,and on his way there he--died4 ,hush what's that8 ,i hope she did not overhear us4 ,no1 we were talking low4 ,she has the next room to your'n1 sir4 ,i thought ,i heard her sobbing4 ,hush6 ,in the next room8 ,i hear nothing4 ,well1 with your leave1 ,i will speak to her before ,i quit you4 ,and had her father no money with him8 ,yes1 a few sovereigns1 sir2 they paid for his funeral1 and there is a little left still1 enough to take her to town2 for my husband said1 says he1 ',hannah1 the widow gave her mite1 and we must not take the orphans2' and my husband is a hard man1 too1 sir4 ,bless him6 ,let me take your hand1 ma'am4 ,god reward you both4 ,la1 sir6--why1 even ,dr4 ,dosewell said1 rather grumpily though1 ',never mind my bill2 but don't call me up at six o'clock in the morning again1 without knowing a little more about people4' ,and ,i never afore knew ,dr4 ,dosewell go without his bill being paid4 ,he said it was a trick o' the other ,doctor to spite him4 ,what other ,doctor8 ,oh1 a very good gentleman1 who got out with ,mr4 ,digby when he was taken ill1 and stayed till the next morning2 and our ,doctor says his name is ,morgan1 and he lives in--,lunnon1 and is a homy--something4 ,homicide1 suggested ,leonard ignorantly4 ,ah--homicide2 something like that1 only a deal longer and worse4 ,but he left some of the tiniest little balls you ever see1 sir1 to give the child2 but1 bless you1 they did her no good--how should they8 ,tiny balls1 oh--homoeopathist--,i understand4 ,and the ,doctor was kind to her2 perhaps he may help her4 ,have you written to him8 ,but we don't know his address1 and ,lunnon is a vast place1 sir4 ,i am going to ,london1 and will find it out4 ,ah1 sir1 you seem very kind2 and sin' she must go to ,lunnon1 7for what can we do with her here8--she's too genteel for service17 ,i wish she was going with you4 ,with me8 said ,leonard startled2 with me6 ,well1 why not8 ,i am sure she comes of good blood1 sir4 ,you would have known her father was quite the gentleman1 only to see him die1 sir4 ,he went off so kind and civil like1 as if he was ashamed to give so much trouble--quite a gentleman1 if ever there was one4 ,and so are you1 sir1 ,i'm sure1 said the landlady1 curtseying2 ,i know what gentlefolk be4 ,i've been a housekeeper1 in the first of families in this very shire1 sir1 though ,i can't say ,i've served in ,lunnon2 and so1 as gentlefolks know each other1 ,i've no doubt you could find out her relations4 ,dear--dear6 ,coming1 coming6 ,here there were loud cries for the hostess1 and she hurried away4 ,the farmers and drovers were beginning to depart1 and their bills were to be made out and paid4 ,leonard saw his hostess no more that night4 ,the last hip-hip-hurrah1 was heard2 some toast1 perhaps1 to the health of the county members2--and the chamber of woe1 beside ,leonard's1 rattled with the shout4 ,by-and-by silence gradually succeeded the various dissonant sounds below4 ,the carts and gigs rolled away2 the clatter of hoofs on the road ceased2 there was then a dumb dull sound as of locking-up1 and low humming voices below and footsteps mounting the stairs to bed1 with now and then a drunken hiccup or maudlin laugh1 as some conquered votary of ,bacchus was fairly carried up to his domicile4 ,all1 then1 at last was silent1 just as the clock from the church sounded the stroke of eleven4 ,leonard1 meanwhile1 had been looking over his ,,mss4 ,there was first a project for an improvement on the steam-engine--a project that had long lain in his mind1 begun with the first knowledge of mechanics that he had gleaned from his purchases of the ,tinker4 ,he put that aside now--it required too great an effort of the reasoning faculty to re-examine4 ,he glanced less hastily over a collection of essays on various subjects1 some that he thought indifferent1 some that he thought good4 ,he then lingered over a collection of verses1 written in his best hand with loving care--verses first inspired by his perusal of ,nora's melancholy memorials4 ,these verses were as a diary of his heart and his fancy--those deep unwitnessed struggles which the boyhood of all more thoughtful natures has passed in its bright yet murky storm of the cloud and the lightning flash2 though but few boys pause to record the crisis from which slowly emerges ,man4 ,and these first1 desultory grapplings with the fugitive airy images that flit through the dim chambers of the brain1 had become with each effort more sustained and vigorous1 till the phantoms were spelled1 the flying ones arrested1 the immaterial seized1 and clothed with ,form4 ,gazing on his last effort1 ,leonard felt that there at length spoke forth a ,poet4 ,it was a work which1 though as yet but half completed1 came from a strong hand2 not that shadow trembling on unsteady waters1 which is but the pale reflex and imitation of some bright mind1 sphered out of reach and afar2 but an original substance--a life--a thing of the ,creative ,faculty--breathing back already the breath it had received4 ,this work had paused during ,leonard's residence with ,mr4 ,avenel1 or had only now and then1 in stealth1 and at night1 received a rare touch4 ,now1 as with a fresh eye1 he re-perused it2 and with that strange1 innocent admiration1 not of self--7for a man's work is not1 alas6 himself--it is the beatified and idealized essence1 extracted he knows not how from his own human elements of clay7--admiration known but to poets--their purest delight1 often their sole reward4 ,and then1 with a warmer and more earthly beat of his full heart1 he rushed in fancy to the ,great ,city1 where all rivers of ,fame meet1 but not to be merged and lost--sallying forth again1 individualized and separate1 to flow through that one vast thought of ,god which we call ,,the ,,world4 ,he put up his papers2 and opened his window1 as was his ordinary custom1 before he retired to rest--for he had many odd habits2 and he loved to look out into the night when he prayed4 ,his soul seemed to escape from the body--to mount on the air--to gain more rapid access to the far ,throne in the ,infinite--when his breath went forth among the winds1 and his eyes rested fixed on the stars1 of ,heaven4 ,so the boy prayed silently2 and after his prayer he was about lingeringly to close the lattice1 when he heard distinctly sobs close at hand4 ,he paused1 and held his breath2 then gently looked out2 the casement next his own was also open4 ,some one was also at watch by that casement--perhaps also praying4 ,he listened yet more attentively1 and caught1 soft and low1 the words4 ,father--father--do you hear me now8 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,leonard opened his door and stole towards that of the room adjoining2 for his first natural impulse had been to enter and console4 ,but when his touch was on the handle1 he drew back4 ,child1 though the mourner was1 her sorrows were rendered yet more sacred from intrusion by her sex4 ,something1 he knew not what1 in his young ignorance1 withheld him from the threshold4 ,to have crossed it then would have seemed to him profanation4 ,so he returned1 and for hours yet he occasionally heard the sobs1 till they died away1 and childhood wept itself to sleep4 ,but the next morning1 when he heard his neighbor astir1 he knocked gently at her door3 there was no answer4 ,he entered softly1 and saw her seated very listlessly in the centre of the room--as if it had no familiar nook or corner as the rooms of home have--her hands drooping on her lap1 and her eyes gazing desolately on the floor4 ,then he approached and spoke to her4 ,helen was very subdued1 and very silent4 ,her tears seemed dried up2 and it was long before she gave sign or token that she heeded him4 ,at length1 however1 he gradually succeeded in rousing her interest2 and the first symptom of his success was in the quiver of her lip1 and the overflow of the downcast eyes4 ,by little and little he wormed himself into her confidence2 and she told him1 in broken whispers1 her simple story4 ,but what moved him the most was1 that1 beyond her sense of loneliness1 she did not seem to feel her own unprotected state4 ,she mourned the object she had nursed1 and heeded1 and cherished2 for she had been rather the protectress than the protected to the helpless dead4 ,he could not gain from her any more satisfactory information than the landlady had already imparted1 as to her friends and prospects2 but she permitted him passively to look among the effects her father had left--save only that if his hand touched something that seemed to her associations especially holy1 she waved him back1 or drew it quickly away4 ,there were many bills receipted in the name of ,captain ,digby--old yellow faded music-scores for the flute--extracts of ,parts from ,prompt ,books--gay parts of lively comedies1 in which heroes have so noble a contempt for money--fit heroes for a ,sheridan and a ,farquhar2 close by these were several pawnbroker's tickets2 and1 not arrayed smoothly1 but crumpled up1 as if with an indignant nervous clutch of the old helpless hands1 some two or three letters4 ,he asked ,helen's permission to glance at these1 for they might give a clue to friends4 ,helen gave the permission by a silent bend of the head4 ,the letters1 however1 were but short and freezing answers from what appeared to be distant connections or former friends1 or persons to whom the deceased had applied for some situation4 ,they were all very disheartening in their tone4 ,leonard next endeavored to refresh ,helen's memory as to the name of the nobleman which had been last on her father's lips1 but there he failed wholly4 ,for it may be remembered that ,lord ,l',estrange1 when he pressed his loan on ,mr4 ,digby1 and subsequently told that gentleman to address him at ,mr4 ,egerton's1 had1 from a natural delicacy1 sent the child on1 that she might not hear the charity bestowed on the father2 and ,helen said truly1 that ,mr4 ,digby had sunk into a habitual silence on all his affairs latterly4 ,she might have heard her father mention the name1 but she had not treasured it up2 all she could say was1 that she should know the stranger again if she met him1 and his dog too4 ,seeing that the child had grown calm1 ,leonard was then going to leave the room1 in order to confer with the hostess1 when she rose suddenly1 though noiselessly1 and put her little hand in his1 as if to detain him4 ,she did not say a word--the action said all--said ,do not desert me4 ,and ,leonard's heart rushed to his lips1 and he answered to the action as he bent down and kissed her cheek1 ,orphan1 will you go with me8 ,we have one ,father yet to both of us1 and ,he will guide us on earth4 ,i am fatherless like you4 ,she raised her eyes to his--looked at him long--and then leant her head confidingly on his strong young shoulder4 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,at noon that same day1 the young man and the child were on their road to ,london4 ,the host had at first a little demurred at trusting ,helen to so young a companion1 but ,leonard1 in his happy ignorance1 had talked so sanguinely of finding out this lord1 or some adequate protection for the child1 and in so grand a strain1 though with all sincerity1 had spoken of his own great prospects in the metropolis 7he did not say what they were67 that had it been the craftiest imposter1 he could not have more taken in the rustic host4 ,and while the landlady still cherished the illusive fancy that all gentlefolks must know each other in ,london1 as they did in a county1 the landlord believed1 at least1 that a young man1 so respectably dressed1 although but a foot-traveller--who talked in so confident a tone1 and who was so willing to undertake what might be rather a burdensome charge1 unless he saw how to rid himself of it--would be sure to have friends1 older and wiser than himself1 who could judge what could best be done for the orphan4 ,and what was the host to do with her8 ,better this volunteered escort1 at least1 than vaguely passing her on from parish to parish1 and leaving her friendless at last in the streets of ,london4 ,helen1 too1 smiled for the first time on being asked her wishes1 and again put her hand in ,leonard's4 ,in short1 so it was settled4 ,the little girl made up a bundle of the things she most prized or needed4 ,leonard did not feel the additional load1 as he slung it to his knapsack4 ,the rest of the luggage was to be sent to ,london as soon as ,leonard wrote1 7which he promised to do soon17 and gave an address4 ,helen paid her last visit to the churchyard2 and she joined her companion as he stood on the road1 without the solemn precincts4 ,and now they had gone on some hours1 and when he asked if she was tired1 she still answered ,no4 ,but ,leonard was merciful1 and made their day's journey short2 and it took them some days to reach ,london4 ,by the long lonely way1 they grew so intimate1 at the end of the second day they called each other brother and sister2 and ,leonard1 to his delight1 found that as her grief1 with the bodily movement and the change of scene1 subsided from its first intenseness and its insensibility to other impressions1 she developed a quickness of comprehension far beyond her years4 ,poor child6 that had been forced upon her by ,necessity4 ,and she understood him in his spiritual consolations1--half poetical1 half religious2 and she listened to his own tale1 and the story of his self-education and solitary struggles--those1 too1 she understood4 ,but when he burst out with his enthusiasm1 his glorious hopes1 his confidence in the fate before them1 then she would shake her head very quietly and very sadly4 ,did she comprehend them8 ,alas6 perhaps too well4 ,she knew more as to real life than he did4 ,leonard was at first their joint treasurer1 but before the second day was over1 ,helen seemed to discover that he was too lavish2 and she told him so1 with a prudent grave look1 putting her hand on his arm1 as he was about to enter an inn to dine2 and the gravity would have been comic1 but that the eyes through their moisture were so meek and grateful4 ,she felt he was about to incur that ruinous extravagance on her account4 ,somehow or other1 the purse found its way into her keeping1 and then she looked proud1 and in her natural element4 ,ah6 what happy meals under her care were provided3 so much more enjoyable than in dull1 sanded inn parlors1 swarming with flies1 and reeking with stale tobacco4 ,she would leave him at the entrance of a village1 bound forward1 and cater1 and return with a little basket and a pretty blue jug--which she had bought on the road--the last filled with new milk1 the first with new bread and some special dainty in radishes or water-cresses4 ,and she had such a talent for finding out the prettiest spot whereon to halt and dine3 sometimes in the heart of a wood--so still1 it was like a forest in fairy tales1 the hare stealing through the alleys1 or the squirrel peeping at them from the boughs2 sometimes by a little brawling stream1 with the fishes seen under the clear wave1 and shooting round the crumbs thrown to them4 ,they made an ,arcadia of the dull road up to their dread ,thermopylae--the war against the million that waited them on the other side of their pass through ,tempe4 ,shall we be as happy when we are great8 said ,leonard1 in his grand simplicity4 ,helen sighed1 and the wise little head was shaken4 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,at last they came within easy reach of ,london2 but ,leonard had resolved not to enter the metropolis fatigued and exhausted1 as a wanderer needing refuge1 but fresh and elate1 as a conqueror coming in triumph to take possession of the capital4 ,therefore they halted early in the evening of the day preceding this imperial entry1 about six miles from the metropolis1 in the neighborhood of ,ealing1 7for by that route lay their way47 ,they were not tired on arriving at their inn4 ,the weather was singularly lovely1 with that combination of softness and brilliancy which is only known to the rare true summer days of ,england3 all below so green1 above so blue--days of which we have about six in the year1 and recall vaguely when we read of ,robin ,hood and maid ,marian1 of ,damsel and ,knight1 in ,spenser's golden ,summer ,song1 or of ,jacques1 dropped under the oak tree1 watching the deer amidst the dells of ,ardennes4 ,so1 after a little pause in their inn1 they strolled forth1 not for travel1 but pleasure1 towards the cool of sunset1 passing by the grounds that once belonged to the ,duke of ,kent1 and catching a glimpse of the shrubs and lawns of that beautiful domain through the lodge-gates2 then they crossed into some fields1 and came to a little rivulet called the ,brent4 ,helen had been more sad that day than on any during their journey4 ,perhaps1 because1 on approaching ,london1 the memory of her father became more vivid2 perhaps from her precocious knowledge of life1 and her foreboding of what was to befall them1 children that they both were4 ,but ,leonard was selfish that day2 he could not be influenced by his companion's sorrow1 he was so full of his own sense of being1 and he already caught from the atmosphere the fever that belongs to anxious capitals4 ,sit here1 sister1 said he imperiously1 throwing himself under the shade of a pollard tree that overhung the winding brook1 sit here and talk4 ,he flung off his hat1 tossed back his rich curls1 and sprinkled his brow from the stream that eddied round the roots of the tree that bulged out1 bald and gnarled1 from the bank1 and delved into the waves below4 ,helen quietly obeyed him1 and nestled close to his side4 ,and so this ,london is very vast8--,,very8 he repeated inquisitively4 ,very1 answered ,helen1 as abstractedly she plucked the cowslips near her1 and let them fall into the running waters4 ,see how the flowers are carried down the stream6 ,they are lost now4 ,london is to us what the river is to the flowers--very vast--very strong2 and she added1 after a pause1 very cruel6 ,cruel6 ,ah1 it has been so to you2 but now6--now ,i will take care of you6 he smiled triumphantly2 and his smile was beautiful both in its pride and its kindness4 ,it is astonishing how ,leonard had altered since he had left his uncle's4 ,he was both younger and older2 for the sense of genius1 when it snaps its shackles1 makes us both older and wiser as to the world it soars to--younger and blinder as to the world it springs from4 ,and it is not a very handsome city either1 you say8 ,very ugly1 indeed1 said ,helen1 with some fervor2 at least all ,i have seen of it4 ,but there must be parts that are prettier than others8 ,you say there are parks2 why should not we lodge near them1 and look upon the green trees8 ,that would be nice1 said ,helen1 almost joyously2 but-- and here the head was shaken--there are no lodgings for us except in courts and alleys4 ,why8 ,why8 echoed ,helen1 with a smile1 and she held up the purse4 ,pooh6 always that horrid purse2 as if1 too1 we were not going to fill it4 ,did ,i not tell you the story of ,fortunio8 ,well1 at all events1 we will go first to the neighborhood where you last lived1 and learn there all we can2 and then the day after to-morrow1 ,i will see this ,dr4 ,morgan1 and find out the ,lord-- ,the tears startled to ,helen's soft eyes4 ,you want to get rid of me soon1 brother4 ,i6 ah1 ,i feel so happy to have you with me1 it seems to me as if ,i had pined for you all my life1 and you had come at last2 for ,i never had brother1 nor sister1 nor any one to love1 that was not older than myself1 except-- ,except the young lady you told me of1 said ,helen1 turning away her face2 for children are very jealous4 ,yes1 ,i loved her1 love her still4 ,but that was different1 said ,leonard1 with a heightened color4 ,i could never have talked to her as to you1 to you ,i open my whole heart2 you are my little ,muse1 ,helen1 ,i confess to you my wild whims and fancies as frankly as if ,i were writing poetry4 ,as he said this1 a step was heard1 and a shadow fell over the stream4 ,a belated angler appeared on the margin1 drawing his line impatiently across the water1 as if to worry some dozing fish into a bite before it finally settled itself for the night4 ,absorbed in his occupation1 the angler did not observe the young persons on the sward under the tree1 and he halted there1 close upon them4 ,curse that perch6 said he aloud4 ,take care1 sir1 cried ,leonard2 for the man1 in stepping back1 nearly trod upon ,helen4 ,the angler turned4 ,what's the matter8 ,hist6 you have frightened my perch4 ,keep still1 can't you8 ,helen drew herself out of the way1 and ,leonard remained motionless4 ,he remembered ,jackeymo1 and felt a sympathy for the angler4 ,it is the most extraordinary perch1 that6 muttered the stranger1 soliloquizing4 ,it has the devil's own luck4 ,it must have been born with a silver spoon in its mouth1 that damned perch6 ,i shall never catch it--never6 ,ha6--no--only a weed4 ,i give it up4 ,with this1 he indignantly jerked his rod from the water1 and began to disjoint it4 ,while leisurely engaged in this occupation1 he turned to ,leonard4 ,humph6 are you intimately acquainted with this stream1 sir8 ,no1 answered ,leonard4 ,i never saw it before4 ,angler1 7solemnly47--,then1 young man1 take my advice1 and do not give way to its fascinations4 ,sir1 ,i am a martyr to this stream2 it has been the ,dalilah of my existence4 ,leonard1 7interested1 the last sentence seemed to him poetical47--,the ,dalilah6 sir1 the ,dalilah6 ,angler4--,the ,dalilah4 ,young man1 listen1 and be warned by example4 ,when ,i was about your age1 ,i first came to this stream to fish4 ,sir1 on that fatal day1 about #c ,p4,m41 ,i hooked up a fish--such a big one1 it must have weighed a pound and a half4 ,sir1 it was that length2 and the angler put finger to wrist4 ,and just when ,i had got it nearly ashore1 by the very place where you are sitting1 on that shelving bank1 young man1 the line broke1 and the perch twisted himself among those roots1 and--caco daemon that he was--ran off1 hook and all4 ,well1 that fish haunted me2 never before had ,i seen such a fish4 ,minnows ,i had caught in the ,thames and elsewhere1 also gudgeons1 and occasionally a dace4 ,but a fish like that--a ,,perch--all his fins up like the sails of a man-of-war--a monster perch--a whale of a perch6--,no1 never till then had ,i known what leviathans lie hid within the deeps4 ,i could not sleep till ,i had returned2 and again1 sir1--,i caught that perch4 ,and this time ,i pulled him fairly out of the water4 ,he escaped2 and how did he escape8 ,sir1 he left his eye behind him on the hook4 ,years1 long years1 have passed since then2 but never shall ,i forget the agony of that moment4 ,leonard4--,to the perch1 sir8 ,angler4--,perch6 agony to him6 ,he enjoyed it3--agony to me4 ,i gazed on that eye1 and the eye looked as sly and as wicked as if it was laughing in my face4 ,well1 sir1 ,i had heard that there is no better bait for a perch than a perch's eye4 ,i adjusted that eye on the hook1 and dropped in the line gently4 ,the water was unusually clear2 in two minutes ,i saw that perch return4 ,he approached the hook2 he recognized his eye--frisked his tail--made a plunge--and1 as ,i live1 carried off the eye1 safe and sound2 and ,i saw him digesting it by the side of that water-lily4 ,the mocking fiend6 ,seven times since that day1 in the course of a varied and eventful life1 have ,i caught that perch1 and seven times has that perch escaped4 ,leonard1 7astonished47--,it can't be the same perch2 perches are very tender fish--a hook inside of it1 and an eye hooked out of it--no perch could withstand such havoc in its constitution4 ,angler1 7with an appearance of awe47--,it does seem supernatural4 ,but it is that perch2 for harkye1 sir1 there is ,,only ,,one perch in the whole brook6 ,all the years ,i have fished here1 ,i have never caught another perch here2 and this solitary inmate of the watery element ,i know by sight better than ,i know my own lost father4 ,for each time that ,i have raised it out of the water1 its profile has been turned to me1 and ,i have seen1 with a shudder1 that it has had only--,one ,eye6 ,it is a most mysterious and a most diabolical phenomenon that perch6 ,it has been the ruin of my prospects in life4 ,i was offered a situation in ,jamaica2 ,i could not go1 with that perch left here in triumph4 ,i might afterwards have had an appointment in ,india1 but ,i could not put the ocean between myself and that perch3 thus have ,i fritted away my existence in the fatal metropolis of my native land4 ,and once a-week1 from ,february to ,december1 ,i come hither--,good ,heavens6 if ,i should catch the perch at last1 the occupation of my existence will be gone4 ,leonard gazed curiously at the angler1 as the last thus mournfully concluded4 ,the ornate turn of his periods did not suit with his costume4 ,he looked woefully threadbare and shabby--a genteel sort of shabbiness too--shabbiness in black4 ,there was humor in the corners of his lip2 and his hands1 though they did not seem very clean--indeed his occupation was not friendly to such niceties--were those of a man who had not known manual labor4 ,his face was pale and puffed1 but the tip of his nose was red4 ,he did not seem as if the watery element was as familiar to himself as to his ,dalilah--the perch4 ,such is life6 recommenced the angler in a moralizing tone1 as he slid his rod into its canvas case4 ,if a man knew what it was to fish all one's life in a stream that has only one perch6--to catch that one perch nine times in all1 and nine times to see it fall back into the water1 plump2--if man knew what it was--why1 then--,here the angler looked over his shoulder full at ,leonard--why1 then1 young sir1 he would know what human life is to vain ambition4 ,good evening4 ,away he went1 treading over the daisies and king cups4 ,helen's eyes followed him wistfully4 ,what a strange person6 said ,leonard1 laughing4 ,i think he is a very wise one1 murmured ,helen2 and she came close up to ,leonard1 and took his hand in both hers1 as if she felt already that he was in need of the ,comforter--the line broke1 and the perch lost6 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,at noon the next day1 ,london stole upon them1 through a gloomy1 thick1 oppressive atmosphere4 ,for where is it that we can say ,london bursts on the sight8 ,it stole on them through one of its fairest and most gracious avenues of approach--by the stately gardens of ,kensington--along the side of ,hyde ,park1 and so on towards ,cumberland ,gate4 ,leonard was not the least struck4 ,and yet1 with a little money1 and a very little taste1 it would be easy to render this entrance to ,london as grand and imposing as that to ,paris from the ,champs ,elysees4 ,as they came near the ,edgeware ,road1 ,helen took her new brother by the hand and guided him4 ,for she knew all that neighborhood1 and she was acquainted with a lodging near that occupied by her father 7to that lodging itself she could not have gone for the world71 where they might be housed cheaply4 ,but just then the sky1 so dull and overcast since morning1 seemed one mass of black cloud4 ,there suddenly came on a violent storm of rain4 ,the boy and girl took refuge in a covered mews1 in a street running out of the ,edgeware ,road4 ,the shelter soon became crowded2 the two young pilgrims crept close to the wall1 apart from the rest2 ,leonard's arm round ,helen's waist1 sheltering her from the rain that the strong wind contending with it beat in through the passage4 ,presently a young gentleman1 of better mien and dress than the other refugees1 entered1 not hastily1 but rather with a slow and proud step1 as if1 though he deigned to take shelter1 he scorned to run to it4 ,he glanced somewhat haughtily at the assembled group--passed on through the midst of it--came near ,leonard--took off his hat1 and shook the rain from its brim4 ,his head thus uncovered1 left all his features exposed2 and the village youth recognized1 at the first glance1 his old victorious assailant on the green at ,hazeldean4 ,yet ,randal ,leslie was altered4 ,his dark cheek was as thin as in boyhood1 and even yet more wasted by intense study and night vigils2 but the expression of his face was at once more refined and manly1 and there was a steady concentrated light in his large eye1 like that of one who has been in the habit of bringing all his thoughts to one point4 ,he looked older than he was4 ,he was dressed simply in black1 a color which became him2 and altogether his aspect and figure were not showy indeed1 but distinguished4 ,he looked1 to the common eye1 a gentleman2 and to the more observant1 a scholar4 ,helter-skelter6--pell-mell6 the group in the passage--now pressed each on each--now scattered on all sides--making way--rushing down the mews--against the walls--as a fiery horse darted under shelter2 the rider1 a young man1 with a very handsome face1 and dressed with that peculiar care which we commonly call dandyism1 cried out1 good humoredly1--,don't be afraid2 the horse shan't hurt any of you--a thousand pardons--so ho6 so ho6 ,he patted the horse1 and it stood as still as a statue1 filling up the centre of the passage4 ,the groups resettled--,randal approached the rider4 ,frank ,hazeldean6 ,ah--is it indeed ,randal ,leslie6 ,frank was off his horse in a moment1 and the bridle was consigned to the care of a slim 'prentice-boy holding a bundle4 ,my dear fellow1 how glad ,i am to see you4 ,how lucky it was that ,i should turn in here4 ,not like me either1 for ,i don't much care for a ducking4 ,staying in town1 ,randal8 ,yes1 at your uncle's1 ,mr4 ,egerton4 ,i have left ,oxford4 ,for good8 ,for good4 ,but you have not taken your degree1 ,i think8 ,we ,etonians all considered you booked for a double first4 ,oh6 we have been so proud of you--you carried off all the prizes4 ,not all2 but some1 certainly4 ,mr4 ,egerton offered me my choice--to stay for my degree1 or to enter at once into the ,foreign ,office4 ,i preferred the ends to the means4 ,for1 after all1 what good are academical honors but as the entrance to life8 ,to enter now is to save a step in a long way1 ,frank4 ,ah6 you were always ambitious1 and you will make a great figure1 ,i am sure4 ,perhaps so--if ,i work for it4 ,knowledge is power4 ,leonard started4 ,and you1 resumed ,randal1 looking with some curious attention at his old schoolfellow4 ,you never came to ,oxford4 ,i did hear you were going into the army4 ,i am in the ,guards1 said ,frank1 trying hard not to look too conceited as he made that acknowledgment4 ,the ,governor pished a little1 and would rather ,i had come to live with him in the old hall1 and take to farming4 ,time enough for that--eh8 ,by ,jove1 ,randall1 how pleasant a thing is life in ,london8 ,do you go to ,almack's to-night8 ,no2 ,wednesday is a holiday in the ,house6 ,there is a great parliamentary dinner at ,mr4 ,egerton's4 ,he is in the ,cabinet now1 you know2 but you don't see much of your uncle1 ,i think4 ,our sets are different1 said the young gentleman1 in a tone of voice worthy of ,brummell4 ,all those parliamentary fellows are devilish dull4 ,the rain's over4 ,i don't know whether the ,governor would like me to call at ,grosvenor ,square2 but1 pray come and see me2 here's my card to remind you2 you must dine at our mess4 ,such nice fellows4 ,what day will you fix8 ,i will call and let you know4 ,don't you find it rather expensive in the ,guards8 ,i remember that you thought the ,governor1 as you call him1 used to chafe a little when you wrote for more pocket-money2 and the only time ,i ever remember to have seen you with tears in your eyes1 was when ,mr4 ,hazeldean1 in sending you ,l#e1 reminded you that his estates were not entailed--were at his own disposal1 and they should never go to an extravagant spendthrift4 ,it was not a pleasant threat1 that1 ,frank4 ,oh6 cried the young man1 coloring deeply1 ,it was not the threat that pained me1 it was that my father could think so meanly of me as to fancy that--well--well1 but those were schoolboy days4 ,and my father was always more generous than ,i deserved4 ,we must see a good deal of each other1 ,randal4 ,how good-natured you were at ,eton1 making my longs and shorts for me2 ,i shall never forget it4 ,do call soon4 ,frank swung himself into his saddle1 and rewarded the slim youth with half-a-crown2 a largess four times more ample than his father would have deemed sufficient4 ,a jerk of the reins and a touch of the heel--off bounded the fiery horse and the gay young rider4 ,randal mused2 and as the rain had now ceased1 the passengers under shelter dispersed and went their way4 ,only ,randal1 ,leonard1 and ,helen remained behind4 ,then1 as ,randal1 still musing1 lifted his eyes1 they fell full upon ,leonard's face4 ,he started1 passed his hand quickly over his brow--looked again1 hard and piercingly2 and the change in his pale cheek to a shade still paler--a quick compression and nervous gnawing of his lip--showed that he too had recognized an old foe4 ,then his glance ran over ,leonard's dress1 which was somewhat dust-stained1 but far above the class amongst which the peasant was born4 ,randal raised his brows in surprise1 and with a smile slightly supercilious--the smile stung ,leonard2 and with a slow step ,randal left the passage1 and took his way towards ,grosvenor ,square4 ,the ,entrance of ,ambition was clear to him4 ,then the little girl once more took ,leonard by the hand1 and led him through rows of humble1 obscure1 dreary streets4 ,it seemed almost like an allegory personified1 as the sad1 silent child led on the penniless and low-born adventurer of genius by the squalid shops1 and through the winding lanes1 which grew meaner and meaner1 till both their forms vanished from the view4 ,,chapter ,x4 ,but do come2 change your dress1 return and dine with me2 you will have just time1 ,harley4 ,you will meet the most eminent men of our party2 surely they are worth your study1 philosopher that you affect to be4 ,thus said ,audley ,egerton to ,lord ,l',estrange1 with whom he had been riding 7after the toils of his office47 ,the two gentlemen were in ,audley's library4 ,mr4 ,egerton1 as usual1 buttoned up1 seated in his chair1 in the erect posture of a man who scorns inglorious ease4 ,harley1 as usual1 thrown at length on a sofa1 his long hair in careless curls1 his neckcloth loose1 his habiliments flowing--simplex munditiis1 indeed--his grace all his own2 seemingly negligent1 never slovenly2 at ease every where and with every one1 even with ,mr4 ,audley ,egerton1 who chilled or awed the ease out of most people4 ,nay1 my dear ,audley1 forgive me4 ,but your eminent men are all men of one idea1 and that not a diverting one--politics6 politics6 politics6 ,the storm in the saucer4 ,but what is your life1 ,harley8--the saucer without the storm8 ,do you know1 that's very well said1 ,audley8 ,i did not think you had so much liveliness of repartee4 ,life--life6 it is insipid1 it is shallow4 ,no launching ,argosies in the saucer4 ,audley1 ,i have the oddest fancy-- ,that of course1 said ,audley drily2 you never have any other4 ,what is the new one8 ,harley1 7with great gravity47--,do you believe in ,mesmerism8 ,audley4--,certainly not4 ,harley4--,if it were in the power of an animal magnetizer to get me out of my own skin into somebody else's6 ,that's my fancy6 ,i am so tired of myself--so tired6 ,i have run through all my ideas--know every one of them by heart2 when some pretentious imposter of an idea perks itself up and says1 ',look at me1 ,i'm a new acquaintance'--,i just give it a nod1 and say1 ',not at all1 you have only got a new coat on2 you are the same old wretch that has bored me these last twenty years2 get away4' ,but if one could be in a new skin6 if ,i could be for half an hour your tall porter1 or one of your eminent matter-of-fact men1 ,i should then really travel into a new world4#i ,every man's brain must be a world in itself1 eh8 ,if ,i could but make a parochial settlement even in yours1 ,audley--run over all your thoughts and sensations4 ,upon my life1 ,i'll go and talk to that ,french mesmerizer about it4 ,audley1 7who does not seem to like the notion of having his thoughts and sensations rummaged even by his friend1 and even in fancy47--,pooh1 pooh1 pooh6 ,do talk like a man of sense4 ,harley4--,man of sense6 ,where shall ,i find a model6 ,i don't know a man of sense6--never met such a creature4 ,don't believe it ever existed4 ,at one time ,i thought ,socrates must have been a man of sense2--a delusion2 he would stand gazing into the air1 and talking to his ,genius from sunrise to sunset4 ,is that like a man of sense8 ,poor ,audley1 how puzzled he looks6 ,well1 ,i'll try and talk sense to oblige you4 ,and first1 7here ,harley raised himself on his elbow7--first1 is it true1 as ,i have heard vaguely1 that you are paying court to the sister of that infamous ,italian traitor8 ,madame di ,negra8 ,no2 ,i am not paying court to her1 answered ,audley with a cold smile4 ,but she is very handsome2 she is very clever2 she is useful to me--,i need not say how or why2 that belongs to my metier as politician4 ,but1 ,i think1 if you will take my advice1 or get your friend to take it1 ,i could obtain from her brother1 through my influence with her1 some liberal concessions to your exile4 ,she is very anxious to know where he is4 ,you have not told her8 ,no2 ,i promised you ,i would keep that secret4 ,be sure you do2 it is only for some mischief1 some snare1 that she could desire such information4 ,concessions6 pooh6 ,this is no question of concessions1 but of rights4 ,i think you should leave your friend to judge of that4 ,well1 ,i will write to him4 ,meanwhile1 beware of this woman4 ,i have heard much of her abroad1 and she has the character of her brother for duplicity and-- ,beauty1 interrupted ,audley1 turning the conversation with practised adroitness4 ,i am told that the ,count is one of the handsomest men in ,europe1 much handsomer than his sister still1 though nearly twice her age4 ,tut--tut--,harley6 fear not for me4 ,i am proof against all feminine attractions4 ,this heart is dead4 ,nay1 nay2 it is not for you to speak thus--leave that to me4 ,but even ,i will not say it4 ,the heart never dies4 ,and you2 what have you lost8--a wife2 true3 an excellent noble-hearted woman4 ,but was it love that you felt for her8 ,enviable man1 have you ever loved8 ,perhaps not1 ,harley1 said ,audley1 with a sombre aspect1 and in dejected accents2 very few men ever have loved1 at least as you mean by the word4 ,but there are other passions than love that kill the heart1 and reduce us to mechanism4 ,while ,egerton spoke1 ,harley turned aside1 and his breast heaved4 ,there was a short silence4 ,audley was the first to break it4 ,speaking of my lost wife1 ,i am sorry that you do not approve what ,i have done for her young kinsman1 ,randal ,leslie4 ,harley1 7recovering himself with an effort47--,is it true kindness to bid him exchange manly independence for the protection of an official patron8 ,audley4--,i did not bid him4 ,i gave him his choice4 ,at his age ,i should have chosen as he has done4 ,harley4--,i trust not2 ,i think better of you4 ,but answer me one question frankly1 and then ,i will ask another4 ,do you mean to make this young man your heir8 ,audley1 7with a slight embarrassment47--,heir1 pooh6 ,i am young still4 ,i may live as long as he--time enough to think of that4 ,harley4--,then now to my second question4 ,have you told this youth plainly that he may look to you for influence1 but not for wealth8 ,audley1 7firmly47--,i think ,i have2 but ,i shall repeat it more emphatically4 ,harley4--,then ,i am satisfied as to your conduct1 but not as to his4 ,for he has too acute an intellect not to know what it is to forfeit independence2 and1 depend upon it1 he has made his calculations1 and would throw you into the bargain in any balance that he could strike in his favor4 ,you go by your experience in judging men--,i by my instincts4 ,nature warns us as it does the inferior animals--only we are too conceited1 we bipeds1 to heed her4 ,my instincts of soldier and gentleman recoil from the old young man4 ,he has the soul of the ,jesuit4 ,i see it in his eye--,i hear it in the tread of his foot2 volto sciolto1 he has not2 i pensieri stretti he has4 ,hist6 ,i hear now his step in the hall4 ,i should know it from a thousand4 ,that's his very touch on the handle of the door4 ,randal ,leslie entered4 ,harley--who1 despite his disregard for forms and his dislike to ,randal1 was too high-bred not to be polite to his junior in age or inferior in rank--rose and bowed4 ,but his bright piercing eyes did not soften as they caught and bore down the deeper and more latent fire in ,randal's4 ,harley then did not resume his seat1 but moved to the mantel-piece1 and leant against it4 ,randal4--,i have fulfilled your commissions1 ,mr4 ,egerton4 ,i went first to ,maida ,hill1 and saw ,mr4 ,burley4 ,i gave him the check1 but he said it was too much1 and he should return half to the banker2 he will write the article as you suggested4 ,i then-- ,audley4--,enough1 ,randal4 ,we will not fatigue ,lord ,l',estrange with these little details of a life that displeases him--the life political4 ,harley4--,but these details do not displease me--they reconcile me to my own life4 ,go on1 pray1 ,mr4 ,leslie4 ,randal had too much tact to need the cautioning glance of ,mr4 ,egerton4 ,he did not continue1 but said1 with a soft voice1 ,do you think1 ,lord ,l',estrange1 that the contemplation of the mode of life pursued by others can reconcile a man to his own1 if he had before thought it needed a reconciler8 ,harley looked pleased1 for the question was ironical2 and1 if there was a thing in the world he abhorred1 it was flattery4 ,recollect your ,lucretius1 ,mr4 ,leslie1 ,suave mare1 c41 'pleasant from the cliff to see the mariners tossed on the ocean4' ,faith1 ,i think that sight reconciles one to the cliff--though1 before1 one might have been teased by the splash from the spray1 and deafened by the scream of the sea-gulls4 ,but ,i leave you1 ,audley4 ,strange that ,i have heard no more of my soldier4 ,remember ,i have your promise when ,i come to claim it4 ,good-bye1 ,mr4 ,leslie1 ,i hope that ,mr4 ,burley's article will be worth the--check4 ,lord ,l',estrange mounted his horse1 which was still at the door1 and rode through the ,park4 ,but he was no longer now unknown by sight4 ,bows and nods saluted him on every side4 ,alas1 ,i am found out1 then1 said he to himself4 ,that terrible ,duchess of ,knaresborough1 too--,i must fly my country4 ,he pushed his horse into a canter1 and was soon out of the ,park4 ,as he dismounted at his father's sequestered house1 you would have hardly supposed him the same whimsical1 fantastic1 but deep and subtle humorist that delighted in perplexing the material ,audley4 ,for his expressive face was unutterably serious4 ,but the moment he came into the presence of his parents1 the countenance was again lighted and cheerful4 ,it brightened the whole room like sunshine4 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,mr4 ,leslie1 said ,egerton1 when ,harley had left the library1 you did not act with your usual discretion in touching upon matters connected with politics in the presence of a third party4 ,i feel that already1 sir4 ,my excuse is1 that ,i held ,lord ,l',estrange to be your most intimate friend4 ,a public man1 ,mr4 ,leslie1 would ill serve his country if he were not especially reserved towards his private friends1--when they do not belong to his party4 ,but1 pardon me my ignorance3 ,lord ,lansmere is so well known to be one of your supporters that ,i fancied his son must share his sentiments1 and be in your confidence4 ,egerton's brows slightly contracted1 and gave a stern expression to a countenance always firm and decided4 ,he however answered in a mild tone4 ,at the entrance into political life1 ,mr4 ,leslie1 there is nothing in which a young man of your talents should be more on his guard than thinking for himself4 ,he will nearly always think wrong4 ,and ,i believe that is one reason why young men of talent disappoint their friends1 and--remain so long out of office4 ,a haughty flush passed over ,randal's brow1 and faded away quickly4 ,he bowed in silence4 ,egerton resumed1 as if in explanation1 and even in kindly apology-- ,look at ,lord ,l',estrange himself4 ,what young man could come into life with brighter auspices8 ,rank1 wealth1 high animal spirits1 7a great advantage those same spirits1 ,mr4 ,leslie17 courage1 self-possession1 scholarship as brilliant perhaps as your own2 and now see how his life is wasted6 ,why6 ,he always thought fit to think for himself4 ,he could never be broken into harness1 and never will be4 ,the state coach1 ,mr4 ,leslie1 requires that all the horses should pull together4 ,with submission1 sir1 answered ,randal1 ,i should think that there were other reasons why ,lord ,l',estrange1 whatever be his talents--and indeed of these you must be an adequate judge--would never do any thing in public life4 ,ay1 and what8 said ,egerton1 quickly4 ,first1 said ,randal1 shrewdly1 private life has done too much for him4 ,what could public life give to one who needs nothing8 ,born at the top of the social ladder1 why should he put himself voluntarily at the last step1 for the sake of climbing up again6 ,and secondly1 ,lord ,l',estrange seems to me a man in whose organization sentiment usurps too large a share for practical existence4 ,you have a keen eye1 said ,audley1 with some admiration2 keen for one so young4 ,poor ,harley6 ,mr4 ,egerton's last words were said to himself4 ,he resumed quickly-- ,there is something on my mind1 my young friend4 ,let us be frank with each other4 ,i placed before you fairly the advantages and disadvantages of the choice ,i gave you4 ,to take your degree with such honors as no doubt you would have won1 to obtain your fellowship1 to go to the bar1 with those credentials in favor of your talents--this was one career4 ,to come at once into public life1 to profit by my experience1 avail yourself of my interest1 to take the chances of or fall with a party--this was another4 ,you chose the last4 ,but1 in so doing1 there was a consideration which might weigh with you2 and on which1 in stating your reasons for your option1 you were silent4 ,what's that1 sir8 ,you might have counted on my fortune should the chances of party fail you2--speak--and without shame if so2 it would be natural in a young man1 who comes from the elder branch of the house whose heiress was my wife4 ,you wound me1 ,mr4 ,egerton1 said ,randal1 turning away4 ,mr4 ,egerton's cold glance followed ,randal's movement2 the face was hid from the glance--it rested on the figure1 which is often as self-betraying as the countenance itself4 ,randal baffled ,mr4 ,egerton's penetration--the young man's emotion might be honest pride1 and pained and generous feeling2 or it might be something else4 ,egerton continued slowly4 ,once for all then1 distinctly and emphatically1 ,i say--never count upon that2 count upon all else that ,i can do for you1 and forgive me1 when ,i advise harshly or censure coldly2 ascribe this to my interest in your career4 ,moreover1 before decision becomes irrevocable1 ,i wish you to know practically all that is disagreeable or even humiliating in the first subordinate steps of him who1 without wealth or station1 would rise in public life4 ,i will not consider your choice settled1 till the end of a year at least--your name will be kept on the college books till then2 if1 on experience1 you should prefer to return to ,oxford1 and pursue the slower but surer path to independence and distinction1 you can4 ,and now give me your hand1 ,mr4 ,leslie1 in sign that you forgive my bluntness2--it is time to dress4 ,randal1 with his face still averted1 extended his hand4 ,mr4 ,egerton held it a moment1 then dropping it1 left the room4 ,randal turned as the door closed4 ,and there was in his dark face a power of sinister passion1 that justified all ,harley's warnings4 ,his lips moved1 but not audibly2 then1 as if struck by a sudden thought1 he followed ,egerton into the ,hall4 ,sir1 said he1 ,i forgot to say that on returning from ,maida ,hill1 ,i took shelter from the rain under a covered passage1 and there ,i met unexpectedly with your nephew1 ,frank ,hazeldean4 ,ah6 said ,egerton indifferently1 a fine young man2 in the ,guards4 ,it is a pity that my brother has such antiquated political notions2 he should put his son into parliament1 and under my guidance2 ,i could push him4 ,well1 and what said ,frank8 ,he invited me to call on him4 ,i remember that you once rather cautioned me against too intimate an acquaintance with those who have not got their fortune to make4 ,because they are idle1 and idleness is contagious4 ,right--better not be intimate with a young ,guardsman4 ,then you would not have me call on him1 sir8 ,we were rather friends at ,eton2 and if ,i wholly reject his overtures1 might he not think that you-- ,i6 interrupted ,egerton4 ,ah1 true2 my brother might think ,i bore him a grudge2 absurd4 ,call then1 and ask the young man here4 ,yet still1 ,i do not advise intimacy4 ,egerton turned into his dressing-room4 ,sir1 said his valet1 who was in waiting1 ,mr4 ,levy is here--he says1 by appointment2 and ,mr4 ,grinders is also just come from the country4 ,tell ,mr4 ,grinders to come in first1 said ,egerton1 seating himself4 ,you need not wait2 ,i can dress without you4 ,tell ,mr4 ,levy ,i will see him in five minutes4 ,mr4 ,grinders was steward to ,audley ,egerton4 ,mr4 ,levy was a handsome man1 who wore a camelia in his button-hole--drove1 in his cabriolet1 a high stepping horse that had cost ,l#bjj3 was well known to young men of fashion1 and considered by their fathers a very dangerous acquaintance4 ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,as the company assembled in the drawing-rooms1 ,mr4 ,egerton introduced ,randal ,leslie to his eminent friends in a way that greatly contrasted the distant and admonitory manner which he had exhibited to him in private4 ,the presentation was made with that cordiality1 and that gracious respect by which those who are in station command notice for those who have their station yet to win4 ,my dear ,lord1 let me introduce to you a kinsman of my late wife's 7in a whisper7--the heir to the elder branch of her family4 ,stranmore1 this is ,mr4 ,leslie1 of whom ,i spoke to you4 ,you1 who were so distinguished at ,oxford1 will not like him the worse for the prizes he gained there4 ,duke1 let me present to you1 ,mr4 ,leslie4 ,the duchess is angry with me for deserting her balls2 ,i shall hope to make my peace1 by providing myself with a younger and livelier substitute4 ,ah1 ,mr4 ,howard1 here is a young gentleman just fresh from ,oxford1 who will tell us all about the new sect springing up there4 ,he has not wasted his time on billiards and horses4 ,leslie was received with all that charming courtesy which is the ,to ,kalon of an aristocracy4 ,after dinner1 conversation settled on politics4 ,randal listened with attention and in silence1 till ,egerton drew him gently out2 just enough1 and no more--just enough to make his intelligence evident1 without subjecting him to the charge of laying down the law4 ,egerton knew how to draw out young men--a difficult art4 ,it was one reason why he was so peculiarly popular with the more rising members of his party4 ,the party broke up early4 ,we are in time for ,almack's1 said ,egerton1 glancing at the clock1 and ,i have a voucher for you2 come4 ,randal followed his patron into the carriage4 ,by the way1 ,egerton thus addressed him-- ,i shall introduce you to the principal leaders of society2 know them and study them2 ,i do not advise you to attempt to do more--that is1 to attempt to become the fashion4 ,it is a very expensive ambition2 some men it helps1 most men it ruins4 ,on the whole1 you have better cards in your hands4 ,dance or not1 as it pleases you--don't flirt4 ,if you flirt1 people will inquire into your fortune--an inquiry that will do you little good2 and flirting entangles a young man into marrying4 ,that would never do4 ,here we are4 ,in two minutes more they were in the great ball-room1 and ,randal's eyes were dazzled with the lights1 the diamonds1 the blaze of beauty4 ,audley presented him in quick succession to some dozen ladies1 and then disappeared amidst the crowd4 ,randal was not at a loss2 he was without shyness2 or if he had that disabling infirmity1 he concealed it4 ,he answered the languid questions put to him1 with a certain spirit that kept up talk1 and left a favorable impression of his agreeable qualities4 ,but the lady with whom he got on the best1 was one who had no daughters out1 a handsome and witty woman of the world--,lady ,frederick ,coniers4 ,it is your first ball at ,almack's1 then1 ,mr4 ,leslie8 ,my first4 ,and you have not secured a partner8 ,shall ,i find you one8 ,what do you think of that pretty girl in pink8 ,i see her--but ,i cannot think of her4 ,you are rather1 perhaps1 like a diplomatist in a new court1 and your first object is to know who is who4 ,i confess that on beginning to study the history of my own day1 ,i should like to distinguish the portraits that illustrate the memoir4 ,give me your arm1 then1 and we will come into the next room4 ,we shall see the different notabilites enter one by one1 and observe without being observed4 ,this is the least ,i can do for a friend of ,mr4 ,egerton's4 ,mr4 ,egerton1 then1 said ,randal1--7as they threaded their way through the space without the rope that protected the dancers7--,mr4 ,egerton has had the good fortune to win your esteem1 even for his friends1 however obscure8 ,why1 to say truth1 ,i think no one whom ,mr4 ,egerton calls his friend need long remain obscure1 if he has the ambition to be otherwise4 ,for ,mr4 ,egerton holds it a maxim never to forget a friend1 nor a service4 ,ah1 indeed6 said ,randal1 surprised4 ,and1 therefore1 continued ,lady ,frederick1 as he passes through life1 friends gather round him4 ,he will rise even higher yet4 ,gratitude1 ,mr4 ,leslie1 is a very good policy4 ,hem1 muttered ,mr4 ,leslie4 ,they had now gained the room where tea and bread and butter were the homely refreshments to the habitues of what at that day was the most exclusive assembly in ,london4 ,they ensconced themselves in a corner by a window1 and ,lady ,frederick performed her task of cicerone with lively ease1 accompanying each notice of the various persons who passed panoramically before them with sketch and anecdote1 sometimes good-natured1 generally satirical1 always graphic and amusing4 ,by-and-by ,frank ,hazeldean1 having on his arm a young lady of haughty air1 and with high though delicate features1 came to the tea-table4 ,the last new ,guardsman1 said ,lady ,frederick2 very handsome1 and not yet quite spoiled4 ,but he has got into a dangerous set4 ,randal4--,the young lady with him is handsome enough to be dangerous4 ,lady ,frederick1 7laughing47--,no danger for him there1--as yet at least4 ,lady ,mary 7the duke of ,knaresborough's daughter7 is only in her second4 ,the first year1 nothing under an earl2 the second1 nothing under a baron4 ,it will be full four years before she comes down to a commoner4 ,mr4 ,hazeldean's danger is of another kind4 ,he lives much with men who are not exactly mauvais ton1 but certainly not of the best taste4 ,yet he is very young2 he may extricate himself--leaving half his fortune behind him4 ,what1 he nods to you6 ,you know him8 ,very well2 he is nephew to ,mr4 ,egerton4 ,indeed6 ,i did not know that4 ,hazeldean is a new name in ,london4 ,i heard his father was a plain country gentleman1 of good fortune1 but not that he was related to ,mr4 ,egerton4 ,half-brother4 ,will ,mr4 ,egerton pay the young gentleman's debts8 ,he has no sons himself4 ,randal4--,mr4 ,egerton's fortune comes from his wife1 from my family--from a ,leslie1 not from a ,hazeldean4 ,lady ,frederick turned sharply1 looked at ,randal's countenance with more attention than she had yet vouchsafed to it1 and tried to talk of the ,leslies4 ,randal was very short there4 ,an hour afterwards1 ,randal1 who had not danced1 was still in the refreshment room1 but ,lady ,frederick had long quitted him4 ,he was talking with some old ,etonians who had recognized him1 when there entered a lady of very remarkable appearance1 and a murmur passed through the room as she appeared4 ,she might be three or four and twenty4 ,she was dressed in black velvet1 which contrasted with the alabaster whiteness of her throat and the clear paleness of her complexion1 while it set off the diamonds with which she was profusely covered4 ,her hair was of the deepest jet1 and worn simply braided4 ,her eyes1 too1 were dark and brilliant1 her features regular and striking2 but their expression1 when in repose1 was not prepossessing to such as love modesty and softness in the looks of woman4 ,but when she spoke and smiled1 there was so much spirit and vivacity in the countenance1 so much fascination in the smile1 that all which might before have marred the effect of her beauty1 strangely and suddenly disappeared4 ,who is that very handsome woman8 asked ,randal4 ,an ,italian--a ,marchesa something1 said one of the ,etonians4 ,di ,negra1 suggested another1 who had been abroad2 she is a widow2 her husband was of the great ,genoese family of ,negra--a younger branch of it4 ,several men now gathered thickly around the fair ,italian4 ,a few ladies of the highest rank spoke to her1 but with a more distant courtesy than ladies of high rank usually show to foreigners of such quality as ,madame di ,negra4 ,ladies of a rank less elevated seemed rather shy of her2--that might be from jealousy4 ,as ,randall gazed at the ,marchesa with more admiration than any woman1 perhaps1 had before excited in him1 he heard a voice near him say-- ,oh1 ,madame di ,negra is resolved to settle amongst us1 and marry an ,englishman4 ,if she can find one sufficiently courageous1 returned a female voice4 ,well1 she is trying hard for ,egerton1 and he has courage enough for any thing4 ,the female voice replied with a laugh1 ,mr4 ,egerton knows the world too well1 and has resisted too many temptations1 to be-- ,hush6--there he is4 ,egerton came into the room with his usual firm step and erect mien4 ,randal observed that a quick glance was exchanged between him and the ,marchesa2 but the ,minister passed her by with a bow4 ,still ,randal watched1 and1 ten minutes afterwards1 ,egerton and the ,marchesa were seated apart in the very same convenient nook that ,randal and ,lady ,frederick had occupied an hour or so before4 ,is this the reason why ,mr4 ,egerton so insultingly warns me against counting on his fortune8 muttered ,randal4 ,does he mean to marry again8 ,unjust suspicion6--for1 at that moment these were the words that ,audley ,egerton was dropping forth from his lips of bronze-- ,nay1 dear ,madam1 do not ascribe to my frank admiration more gallantry that it merits4 ,your conversation charms me1 your beauty delights me2 your society is as a holiday that ,i look forward to in the fatigues of my life4 ,but ,i have done with love1 and ,i shall never marry again4 ,you almost pique me into trying to win1 in order to reject you1 said the ,italian1 with a flash from her bright eyes4 ,i defy even you1 answered ,audley1 with his cold hard smile4 ,but to return to the point3 ,you have more influence at least over this subtle ,ambassador2 and the secret we speak of ,i rely on you to obtain me4 ,ah1 ,madam1 let us rest friends4 ,you see ,i have conquered the unjust prejudice against you2 you are received and feted every where1 as becomes your birth and your attractions4 ,rely on me ever1 as ,i on you4 ,but ,i shall excite too much envy if ,i stay here longer1 and am vain enough to think that ,i may injure you if ,i provoke the gossip of the ill-natured4 ,as the avowed friend1 ,i can serve you--as the supposed lover1 ,no-- ,audley rose1 as he said this1 and1 standing by the chair1 added carelessly1 ,apropos1 the sum you do me the honor to borrow will be paid to your bankers to-morrow4 ,a thousand thanks6--my brother will hasten to repay you4 ,audley bowed4 ,your brother1 ,i hope1 will repay me in person1 not before4 ,when does he come8 ,oh1 he has again postponed his visit to ,london2 he is so much needed in ,vienna4 ,but while we are talking of him1 allow me to ask if ,lord ,l',estrange is indeed still so bitter against that poor brother of mine8 ,still the same6 ,it is shameful1 cried the ,italian with warmth2 what has my brother ever done to him1 that he should intrigue against the ,count in his own court8 ,intrigue6 ,i think you wrong ,lord ,l',estrange2 he but represented what he believed to be the truth1 in defence of a ruined exile4 ,and you will not tell me where that exile is1 or if his daughter still lives8 ,my dear ,marchesa1 ,i have called you friend1 therefore1 ,i will not aid ,l',estrange to injure you or yours4 ,but ,i call ,l',estrange a friend also2 and ,i cannot violate the trust that-- ,audley stopped short1 and bit his lip4 ,you understand me1 he resumed1 with a genial smile1 and took his leave4 ,the ,italian's brows met as her eye followed him2 then1 as she too rose1 that eye encountered ,randal's4 ,each surveyed the other--each felt a certain strange fascination--a sympathy--not of affection1 but of intellect4 ,that young man has the eye of an ,italian1 said the ,marchesa to herself2 and as she passed by him into the ball-room1 she turned and smiled4 ,,footnotes3 #h ,continued from page #eeg1 vol4 iii4 #i ,if1 at the date in which ,lord ,l',estrange held this conversation with ,mr4 ,egerton1 ,alfred de ,musset had written his comedies1 we should suspect that his lordship had plagiarized from one of them the whimsical idea that he here vents upon ,audley4 ,in repeating it1 the author at least cannot escape from the charge of obligation to a writer whose humor1 at least1 is sufficiently opulent to justify the loan4 ,from the ,london ,examiner4 ,,imaginary ,,conversation ,,at ,,warsaw4 ,,nicholas ,,and ,,nesselrode4 ,,by ,,walter ,,savage ,,landor4 ,nicholas4--,god fights for us visibly4 ,you look grave1 ,nesselrode6 is it not so8 ,speak1 and plainly4 ,nesselrode4--,sire1 in my humble opinion1 ,god never fights at all4 ,nicholas4--,surely he fought for ,israel1 when he was invoked by prayer4 ,nesselrode4--,sire1 ,i am no theologian2 and ,i fancy ,i must be a bad geographer1 since ,i never knew of a nation which was not ,israel when it had a mind to shed blood and to pray4 ,to fight is an exertion1 is violence2 the ,deity in ,his omnipotence needs none4 ,he has devils and men always in readiness for fighting2 and they are the instruments of their own punishment for their past misdeeds4 ,nicholas4--,the chariots of ,god are numbered by thousands in the volumes of the ,psalmist4 ,nesselrode4--,no psalmist1 or engineer1 or commissary1 or arithmetician1 could enumerate the beasts that are harnessed to them1 or the fiends that urge them on4 ,nicholas4--,nesselrode6 you grow more and more serious4 ,nesselrode4--,age1 sire1 even without wisdom1 makes men serious whether they are inclined or not4 ,i could hardly have been so long conversant in the affairs of mankind 7all which in all quarters your majesty superintends and directs7 without much cause for seriousness4 ,nicholas4--,i feel the consciousness of ,supreme ,power1 but ,i also feel the necessity of subordinate help4 ,nesselrode4--,your majesty is the first monarch1 since the earlier ,caesars of ,imperial ,rome1 who could control1 directly or indirectly1 every country in our hemisphere1 and thereby in both4 ,nicholas4--,there are some who do not see this4 ,nesselrode4--,there were some1 and they indeed the most acute and politic of mankind1 who could not see the power of the ,macedonian king until he showed his full height upon the towers of ,cheronoea4 ,there are some at this moment in ,england who disregard the admonitions of the most wary and experienced general of modern times1 and listen in preference to babblers holding forth on economy and peace from slippery sacks of cotton and wool4 ,nicholas4--,hush6 hush6 these are our men2 what should we do without them8 ,a single one of them in the parliament or town-hall is worth to me a regiment of cuirassiers4 ,these are the true bullets with conical heads which carry far and sure4 ,hush6 hush6 ,nesselrode4--,they do not hear us3 they do not hear ,wellington3 they would not hear ,nelson were he living4 ,nicholas4--,no other man that ever lived1 having the same power in his hands1 would have endured with the same equanimity as ,wellington1 the indignities he suffered in ,portugal2 superseded in the hour of victory by two generals1 one upon another1 like marsh frogs2 people of no experience1 no ability4 ,he might have become king of ,portugal by compromise1 and have added ,gallicia and ,biscay4 ,nesselrode4--,the ,english1 out of parliament1 are delicate and fastidious4 ,he would have thought it dishonorable to profit by the indignation of his army in the field1 and of his countrymen at home4 ,certainty that ,bonaparte would attempt to violate any engagement with him might never enter into the computation2 for ,bonaparte could less easily drive him again out of ,portugal than he could drive the usurper out of ,spain4 ,we ourselves should have assisted him actively2 so would the ,americans2 for every naval power would be prompt at diminishing the preponderance of the ,english4 ,practicability was here with ,wellington2 but1 endowed with it a keener and a longer foresight than any of his contemporaries1 he held in prospective the glory that awaited him1 and felt conscious that to be the greatest man in ,england is somewhat more than to be the greatest in ,portugal4 ,he is universally called the duke2 to the extinction or absorption of that dignity over all the surface of the earth3 in ,portugal he could only be called king of ,portugal4 ,nicholas4--,faith6 that is little3 it was not overmuch even before the last accession4 ,i admire his judgment and moderation4 ,the ,english are abstinent3 they rein in their horses where the ,french make them fret and curvett4 ,it displeases me to think it possible that a subject should ever become a sovran4 ,we were angry with the ,duke of ,sudermania for raising a ,frenchman to that dignity in ,sweden1 although we were willing that ,gustavus1 for offences and affronts to our family1 should be chastized1 and even expelled4 ,here was a bad precedent4 ,fortunately the boldest soldiers dismount from their chargers at some distance from the throne4 ,what withholds them8 ,nesselrode4--,spells are made of words4 ,the word service among the military has great latent negative power4 ,all modern nations1 even the free1 employ it4 ,nicholas4--,an excellent word indeed6 ,it shows the superiority of modern languages over ancient2 ,christian ideas over pagan2 living similitudes of ,god over bronze and marble4 ,what an escape had ,england from her folly1 perversity1 and injustice6 ,her admirals had the same wrongs to avenge3 her fleets would have anchored in ,ferrol and ,coruna2 thousands of volunteers from every part of both islands would have assembled round the same standard2 and both ,indies would have bowed before the conqueror4 ,who knows but that ,spain herself might have turned to the same quarter1 from the idiocy of ,ferdinand1 the immorality of ,joseph1 and the perfidy of ,napoleon8 ,nesselrode4--,england seems to invite and incite1 not only her colonies1 but her commanders1 to insurrection4 ,nelson was treated even more ignominiously than ,wellington4 ,a man equal in abilities and in energy to either met with every affront from the ,east ,india ,company4 ,after two such victories in succession as the ,duke himself declared before the ,lords that he had never known or read of1 he was removed from the command of his army1 and a general by whose rashness it was decimated was raised to the peerage4 ,if ,wellington could with safety have seized the supreme power in ,portugal1 ,napier could with greater have accomplished it in ,india4 ,the distance from home was farther2 the army more confident2 the allies more numerous1 more unanimous4 ,one avenger of their wrongs would have found a million avengers of his4 ,affghanistan1 ,cabul1 and ,scinde1 would have united their acclamations on the ,ganges3 songs of triumph1 succeeded by songs of peace1 would have been chanted at ,delhi1 and have re-echoed at ,samarcand4 ,nicholas4--,i am desirous that ,persia and ,india should pour their treasures into my dominions4 ,the ,english are so credulous as to believe that ,i intend1 or could accomplish1 the conquest of ,hindostan4 ,i want only the commerce2 and ,i hope to share it with the ,americans2 not ,i indeed1 but my successors4 ,the possession of ,california has opened the ,pacific and the ,indian seas to the ,americans1 who must1 within the life-time of some now born1 predominate in both4 ,supposing that emigrants to the amount of only a quarter of a million settle in the ,united ,states every year1 within a century from the present day1 their population must exceed three hundred millions4 ,it will not extend from pole to pole1 only because there will be room enough without it4 ,nesselrode4--,religious wars1 the most sanguinary of any1 are stifled in the fields of agriculture2 creeds are thrown overboard by commerce4 ,nicholas4--,theological questions come at last to be decided by the broadsword2 and the best artillery brings forward the best arguments4 ,montecuculi and ,wallenstein were irrefragable doctors4 ,saint ,peter was commanded to put up his sword2 but the ear was cut off first4 ,nesselrode4--,the blessed saint's escape from capital punishment1 after this violence1 is among the greatest of miracles4 ,perhaps there may be a perplexity in the text4 ,had he committed so great a crime against a person so highly protected as one in the high-priest's household1 he never would have lived long enough to be crucified at ,rome1 but would have carried his cross up to ,calvary three days after the offence4 ,the laws of no country would tolerate it4 ,nicholas4--,how did he ever get to ,rome at all8 ,he must have been conveyed by an angel1 or have slipt on a sudden into a railroad train1 purposely and for the nonce provided4 ,there is a controversy at the present hour about his delegated authority1 and it appears to be next to certain that he never was in the capital of the west4 ,it is my interest to find it decided in the negative4 ,successors to the emperors of the east1 who sanctioned and appointed the earliest popes1 as the bishops of ,rome are denominated1 ,i may again at my own good time claim the privilege and prerogative4 ,the cardinals and their subordinates are extending their claws in all directions3 we must throw these crabs upon their backs again4 ,nesselrode4--,some among the ,italians1 and chiefly among the ,romans1 are venturing to express an opinion that there would be less of false religion1 and more of true1 if no priest of any description were left upon earth4 ,nicholas4--,horrible6 unless are exempted those of the venerable ,greek church4 ,all others worship graven images3 we stick to pictures4 ,nesselrode4--,one scholar mentioned1 not without an air of derision1 that a picture had descended from heaven recently on the coast of ,italy4 ,nicholas4--,framed8 varnisht8 under glass8 on panel8 on canvas8 ,what like8 ,nesselrode4--,the ,virgin ,mary1 whatever made of4 ,nicholas4--,she must be ours then4 ,she missed her road3 she never would have taken her place among stocks and stones and blind worshipers4 ,easterly winds must have blown her toward a pestilential city1 where at every street-corner is very significantly inscribed its true name at full length1 ,immondezzaio4 ,but ,i hope ,i am guilty of no profaneness or infidelity when ,i express a doubt if every picture of the ,blessed ,virgin is sentient2 most are2 perhaps not every one4 ,if they want her in ,england1 as they seem to do1 let them have her 444 unless it is the one that rolls the eyes3 in that case ,i must claim her3 she is too precious by half for papist or tractarian4 ,i must order immediately these matters4 ,no reasonable doubt can be entertained that ,i am the visible head of ,christ's church4 ,theologians may be consulted in regard to ,st4 ,peter1 and may discover a manuscript at ,novgorod1 stating his martyrdom there1 and proving his will and signature4 ,nesselrode4--,theologians may find perhaps in the ,revelations some ,beast foreshadowing your ,majesty4 ,nicholas4--,how8 sir6 how8 ,nesselrode4--,emperors and kings1 we are taught1 are designated as great beasts in the ,holy ,scriptures 444 7,aside7 444 and elsewhere4 ,,second ,,conversation4 ,nicholas4--,we have disposed of our brother1 his ,prussian ,majesty1 who appeared to be imprest by the apprehension that a portion of his dominions was in jeopardy4 ,nesselrode4--,possibly the scales of ,europe are yet to be adjusted4 ,nicholas4--,when the winds blow high they must waver4 ,against the danger of contingencies1 and in readiness to place my finger on the edge of one or other1 it is my intention to spend in future a good part of my time at ,warsaw1 that city being so nearly central in my dominions4 ,good ,nesselrode6 there should have been a poet near you to celebrate the arching of your eyebrows4 ,they suddenly dropt down again under the horizontal line of your ,emperor's4 ,nobody ever stared in my presence2 but ,i really do think you were upon the verge of it when ,i inadvertently said dominions instead of dependencies4 ,well1 well3 dependencies are dominions2 and of all dominions they require the least trouble4 ,nesselrode4--,your ,majesty has found no difficulty with any1 excepting the ,circassians4 ,nicholas4--,the ,circassians are the ,normans of ,asia2 equally brave1 more generous1 more chivalrous4 ,i am no admirer of military trinkets2 but ,i have been surprised at the beauty of their chain-armor1 the temper of their swords1 the richness of hilt1 and the gracefulness of baldric4 ,nesselrode4--,it is a pity they are not ,christians and subjects of your ,majesty4 ,nicholas4--,if they would become my subjects1 ,i would let them1 as ,i have let other ,mahometans1 become ,christians at their leisure4 ,we must brigade them before baptism4 ,nesselrode4--,it is singular that this necessity never struck those religious men who are holding peace conferences in various parts of ,europe4 ,nicholas4--,one of them1 ,i remember1 tried to persuade the people of ,england that if the bankers of ,london would negotiate no loan with me ,i could carry on no war4 ,nesselrode4--,wonderful6 how ignorant are monied men of money matters4 ,your ,majesty was graciously pleased to listen to my advice when hostilities seemed inevitable4 ,i was desirous of raising the largest loan possible1 that none should be forthcoming to the urgency of others4 ,at that very moment your ,majesty had in your coffers more than sufficient for the additional expenditure of three campaigns4 ,well may your ,majesty smile at this computation1 and at the blindness that suggested it4 ,for never will your ,majesty send an army into any part of ,europe which shall not maintain itself there by its own prowess4 ,your cavalry will seize all the provisions that are not stored up within the fortresses2 and in every army those are to be found who for a few thousand roubles are ready to blow up their ammunition-wagons4 ,we know by name almost every discontented man in ,europe4 ,nicholas4--,to obtain this information1 my yearly expenses do not exceed the revenues of half a dozen ,english bishops4 ,every table-d'hote on the continent1 you tell me1 has one daily guest sent by me4 ,ladies in the higher circles have taken my presents and compliments1 part in diamonds and part in smiles4 ,an emperor's smiles are as valuable to them as theirs are to a cornet of dragoons4 ,spare nothing in the boudoir and you spare much in the field4 ,nesselrode4--,such appears to have been the invariable policy of the ,empress ,catharine1 now with ,god4 ,nicholas4--,my father of glorious memory was less observant of it4 ,he had prejudices and dislikes2 he expected to find every body a gentleman1 even kings and ministers4 ,if they were so1 how could he have hoped to sway them8 and how to turn them from the strait road into his8 ,nesselrode4--,your ,majesty is far above the influence of antipathies2 but ,i have often heard your ,majesty express your hatred1 and sometimes your contempt1 of ,bonaparte4 ,nicholas4--,i hated him for his insolence1 and ,i despised him alike for his cowardice and falsehood4 ,shame is the surest criterion of humanity4 ,when one is wanting1 the other is4 ,the beasts never indicate shame in a state of nature2 in society some of them acquire it2 ,bonaparte not4 ,he neither blushed at repudiating a modest woman1 nor at supplanting her by an immodest one4 ,holding a pistol to the father's ear1 he ordered him to dismount from his carriage2 to deliver up his ring1 his watch1 his chain1 his seal1 his knee-buckle2 stripping off galloon from trouser1 and presently trouser too3 caught1 pinioned1 sentenced1 he fell on both knees in the mud1 and implored this poor creature's intercession to save him from the hangman4 ,he neither blushed at the robbery of a crown nor at the fabrication of twenty4 ,he was equally ungrateful in public life and in private4 ,he banished ,barras1 who promoted and protected him3 he calumniated the ,french admiral1 whose fleet for his own safety he detained on the shores of ,egypt1 and the ,english admiral who defeated him in ,syria with a tenth of his force4 ,baffled as he often was1 and at last fatally1 and admirably as in many circumstances he knew how to be a general1 never in any did he know how to be a gentleman4 ,he was fond of displaying the picklock keys whereby he found entrance into our cabinets1 and of twitching the ears of his accomplices4 ,nesselrode4--,certainly he was less as an emperor than as a soldier4 ,nicholas4--,great generals may commit grievous and disastrous mistakes1 but never utterly ruinous4 ,charles ,v41 ,gustavus ,adolphus1 ,peter the ,great1 ,frederic of ,prussia1 ,prince ,eugene1 ,marlborough1 ,william1 ,wellington1 kept their winnings1 and never hazarded the last crown-piece4 ,bonaparte1 when he had swept the tables1 cried double or quits4 ,nesselrode4--,the wheel of ,fortune is apt to make men giddier1 the higher it rises and the quicklier it turns3 sometimes it drops them on a barren rock1 and sometimes on a treadmill4 ,the nephew is more prudent than the uncle4 ,nicholas4--,you were extremely wise1 my dear ,nesselrode1 in suggesting our idea to the ,french ,president1 and in persuading him to acknowledge in the face of the world that he had been justly imprisoned by ,louis ,philippe for attempting to subvert the existing powers4 ,frenchmen are taught by this declaration what they may expect for a similar crime against his own pretensions4 ,we will show our impartiality by an equal countenance and favor toward all parties4 ,in different directions all are working out the design of ,god1 and producing unity of empire on earth as it is in heaven4 ,until this consummation there can never be universal or indeed any lasting peace4 ,nesselrode4--,this1 lying far remote1 ,i await your ,majesty's commands for what is now before us4 ,your ,majesty was graciously pleased to express your satisfaction at the manner in which ,i executed them in regard to the ,president of the ,french ,republic4 ,nicholas4--,republic indeed6 ,i have ordered it to be a crime in ,france to utter this odious name4 ,president forsooth6 we have directed him hitherto2 let him now keep his way4 ,our object was to stifle the spirit of freedom3 we tossed the handkerchief to him1 and he found the chloroform4 ,every thing is going on in ,europe exactly as ,i desire2 we must throw nothing in the way to shake the machine off the rail4 ,it is running at full speed where no whistle can stop it4 ,every prince is exasperating his subjects1 and exhausting his treasury in order to keep them under due control4 ,what nation on the continent1 mine excepted1 can maintain for two years longer its present war establishment8 ,and without this engine of coercion what prince can be the master of his people8 ,england is tranquil at home2 can she continue so when a foreigner would place a tiara over her crown1 telling her who shall teach and what shall be taught4 ,principally1 that where masses are not said for departed souls1 better it would be that there were no souls at all1 since they certainly must be damned4 ,the school which doubts it is denounced as godless4 ,nesselrode4--,england1 sire1 is indeed tranquil at home2 but that home is a narrow one1 and extends not across the ,irish channel4 ,every colony is dissatisfied and disturbed4 ,no faith has been kept with any of them by the secretary now in office4 ,at the ,cape of ,good ,hope1 innumerable nations1 warlike and well-armed1 have risen up simultaneously against her2 and1 to say nothing of the massacres in ,ceylon1 your ,majesty well knows what atrocities her ,commissioner has long exercised in the ,seven ,isles4 ,england looks on and applauds1 taking a hearty draught of ,lethe at every sound of the scourge4 ,nicholas4--,nesselrode6 ,you seem indignant4 ,i see only the cheerful sparks of a fire at which our dinner is to be dressed2 we shall soon sit down to it2 ,greece must not call me away until ,i rise from the dessert2 ,i will then take my coffee at ,constantinople4 ,the crescent ere long will become the full harvest-moon4 ,our reapers have already the sickles in their hands4 ,nesselrode4--,england may grumble4 ,nicholas4--,so she will4 ,she is as ready now to grumble as she formerly was to fight4 ,she grumbles too early2 she fights too late4 ,extraordinary men are the ,english4 ,they raise the hustings higher than the throne2 and1 to make amends1 being resolved to build a new palace1 they push it under an old bridge4 ,the ,cardinal1 in his way to the ,abbey1 may in part disrobe at it4 ,noble vestry-room6 where many habiliments are changed4 ,capacious dovecote6 where carrier-pigeons and fantails and croppers1 intermingled with the more ordinary1 bill and coo1 ruffle and smoothen their feathers1 and bend their versicolor necks to the same corn4 ,from ,bentley's ,miscellany for ,july4 ,,london1 ,,paris1 ,,and ,,new-,,york4 ,standing in the ,city ,hall1 ,new-,york1 and drawing from that point a circle whose radius shall be three miles1 we embrace a population of three-quarters of a million4 ,we say this at the outset1 by way of securing respect for our theme4 ,new-,york is a mere ,jonah's gourd or ,jack the ,giant-killer's beanstalk compared with ,london4 ,london was ,london when ,st4 ,paul was a prisoner in ,rome1 ten years before the destruction of ,jerusalem4 ,sixteen hundred years afterwards1 when ,new-,york was but just named1 ,london lost some seventy thousand inhabitants by the plague1 and more than thirteen thousand houses by the ,great ,fire1 and hardly missed them4 ,before this period1 however1 the little ,dutch town of ,niew ,amsterdam1 called by the aborigines ,manahatta1 or ,manhattan1 had commenced a dozing existence1 under the government of ,walter the ,doubter and ,peter the ,headstrong1 celebrated by that great chronicler1 ,diedrich ,knickerbocker4 ,some consider this a mythic period1 and class the legends of ,wilhelmus ,van ,kieft's wisdom1 and ,peter ,stuyvesant's valor1 with the stories of ,romulus and ,remus1 and the ,horatii and ,curiatii4 ,but to cast any doubt upon a historian like ,knickerbocker--the ,grote of colonial history--at once minute and philosophical1 just and enthusiastic--is surely unwise4 ,his picture of the portly burghers of ,niew ,amsterdam1 their habits and manners1 pursuits1 politics1 and laws1 is verified by the impress left on their descendants4 ,all the foreign floods that have swept over the city have not been able to wash out the footsteps of the original settlers2 and ,walter the ,doubter and ,peter the ,headstrong still figure1 it is said1 in the ,assembly of the ,city ,fathers1 though the voluminous nether habiliments1 which characterized them of old1 have dwindled to the modern pantaloon4 ,casting our eyes backward for a moment1 let us imagine the condition of things before ,english innovation had interfered with the quiet current of ,dutch ideas in the metropolis of the ,west4 ,the modern spectator1 says our historian1 who wanders through the streets of this populous city1 can scarcely form an idea of their appearance in the primitive days of the ,doubter4 ,the grass grew quietly in the highways2 bleating sheep and frolicksome calves sported about that verdant ridge where now the ,broadway loungers take their morning stroll4 ,the cunning fox and ravenous wolf skulked in the woods where now are to be seen the dens of the righteous fraternity of money-brokers4 ,the houses of the higher class were generally constructed of wood1 excepting the gable end1 which was of small black and yellow ,dutch bricks1 and always faced the street4 ,the house was always furnished with abundance of large doors1 and small windows on every floor2 the date of its erection was curiously designated by iron figures on the front1 and on the top of the roof was perched a fierce weathercock1 to let the family know which way the wind blew4 ,the front door was never opened1 except on marriages1 funerals1 ,new ,year's days1 the festival of ,st4 ,nicholas1 or some such great occasion 99 99 994 ,a passion for cleanliness was the leading principle in domestic economy4 ,the whole house was constantly in a state of inundation1 under the discipline of mops and brooms1 and scrubbing-brushes2 and the good housewives of that day were a kind of amphibious animal1 delighting exceedingly to be dabbling in water2 insomuch1 that many of them grew to have webbed fingers like a duck4 ,in those happy days a well-regulated family always rose with the dawn1 dined at eleven1 and went to bed at sundown4 ,fashionable parties were confined to the higher class1 or noblesse2 that is to say1 such as kept their own cows or drove their own wagons4 ,the company commonly assembled at three o'clock1 and went away about six2 unless it was winter-time1 when the fashionable hours were a little earlier1 that the ladies might get home before dark4 ,at these tea-parties the utmost propriety and dignity of deportment prevailed4 ,no flirting or coquetting2 no gambling of old ladies1 nor chattering and romping of young ones2 no self-satisfied strutting of wealthy gentlemen with their brains in their pockets1 c4 ,speaking further of the ladies1 ,mr4 ,knickerbocker says3 ,their hair1 untortured by the abominations of art1 was scrupulously pomatumed back from their foreheads with a candle1 and covered with a little cap of quilted calico4 ,their petticoats of linsey-woolsey1 were striped with a variety of gorgeous dyes1 and all of their own manufacture4 ,these were the honest days1 in which every woman stayed at home1 read the ,bible1 and wore pockets1 and that too of a goodly size1 fashioned with patch-work of many curious devices1 and ostentatiously worn on the outside4 ,every good housewife made the clothes of her husband and family1 c4 ,such and so homely was the germ of the present goodly town that sits1 like a queen1 throned between two mighty streams1 with a magnificent bay at her feet4 ,marks of her ,dutch origin were numerous a few years since1 and are still to be found1 though sparely4 ,of the national customs enumerated and described by the veracious ,diedrich1 we find at the present day but few4 ,the last of the gable-fronted houses1 with curious steps in the brickwork on the sides of the peak1 disappeared some years since4 ,calves never frisk in ,broadway now1 though they sometimes pass through it tied in carts1 in defiance of humanity and decency4 ,the year of building is no longer written in iron on the fronts of the houses1 for ,panting ,time toils after us in vain1 and chronology is out of date4 ,large doors have now large windows to keep them company1 and weather-cocks are rendered unnecessary by the arrival of vessels from some part of the earth with every wind that blows4 ,the front door is now opened to every body but the master of the house1 who goes out of it in the morning not to see it again till evening4 ,the practice of daily inundation is now nearly limited to the street1 since ,kidderminster1 ,brussels1 and ,wilton1 conspire to cover every inch of floor2 but the annual house-cleaning is still in full vogue1 and no amount of slop1 discomfort1 destruction1 and self-sacrifice1 is considered too great in the accomplishment of this civic festival4 ,as to rising with the dawn1 the citizen of to-day considers breakfast-time daybreak2 and the dinner-hour is as various as the fluctuations of business and pleasure4 ,fashionable society has1 at present1 no very decided limits1 as few of the inhabitants keep a cow1 and many of the highest pretenders to bon ton do not drive their own wagons--getting home before dark6 ,new-,york ladies make a point of getting home before light2 and if they assemble at three o'clock it is for a dejeuner1 or a matinee dansante4 ,as for ,mr4 ,knickerbocker's further characterization of the genteel manners of the olden time1 it would be unhandsome in us to pursue our counter-picture2 but this we will say1 in mere justice1 and all joking aside1 that there are no gambling ladies in ,new-,york1 either young or old4 ,thinking of ,new-,york in her early life1 we were about to say that from #afad to #afgd she was a mere shuttlecock between the ,dutch and ,english2 but the recollection that neither of the contending parties ever tossed her towards the other1 spoiled our figure1 and we find her more like the unfortunate baby whom it took all ,solomon's wisdom to save from utter destruction between rival mothers4 ,the ,dutch certainly had the prior claim2 but that circumstance1 though something in a case of maternity1 seems far from conclusive in the matter of adoption4 ,the little ,dutch city had accumulated a thousand inhabitants1 and wrenched from the home government leave to govern itself1 by the aid of a schout1 burgomasters1 and schepens1 when ,king ,charles ,,ii41 of pious memory1 coolly gave a grant of the entire province to his brother ,james1 ,duke of ,york1 who forthwith proved his right 7that of the strongest71 and put an ,english governor in place of ,peter ,stuyvesant1 called by ,knickerbocker1 a tough1 valiant1 sturdy1 weather-beaten1 mettlesome1 obstinate1 leathern-sided1 lion-hearted1 generous-spirited old governor1 who nearly burst with rage when obliged to sign the capitulation1 and who finished by dying of sheer mortification on hearing that the combined ,english and ,french fleets had beaten the ,dutch under ,de ,ruyter4 ,nine years after1 the tables were turned1 and ,dutch rule once more brought in sour-krout and oly-koeks2 but1 in #afgd1 ,new-,york became ,english by treaty1 and so remained until ,november1 #aghc4 ,since that epoch1 although growth and prosperity have been the general rule1 yet the island city has had her ups and downs1 by means of fire1 pestilence1 war1 embargo1 mobs1 c41 quite enough to stimulate the energy of her sons and ripen the wisdom of her councils4 ,in #ahbe1 the completion of the ,erie ,canal1 which united the ,atlantic with the great lakes1 gave a prodigious impulse to trade4 ,in #ahcb came the cholera1 threatening utter desolation2 and in #ahce a fire1 which consumed property worth twenty millions of dollars4 ,yet1 in #ahdb1 the ,great ,aqueduct was finished1 at a cost of thirteen million dollars4 ,thus much premised1 let us look at ,new-,york of to-day4 ,she has no time ,to looken backe1 her eyne be fixed before4 ,in describing ,american towns1 if we would make our picture a likeness1 we must ,catch1 ere she change1 the ,cynthia of the minute4 ,the ,new-,york of #ahea resembles her of fifty years ago scarcely more than the ,west ,end of ,london resembles ,birmingham or ,bristol4 ,in #ahjj1 one might easily believe the old story1 that the streets were originally laid out by the cows1 as they went out to pasture and returned at evening4 ,streets running in all sorts of curves crossed each other at all conceivable angles1 making a maze without a plan1 through which strangers needed to drop beans1 like the children in the fairy-tale1 to avoid being wholly lost4 ,fortunately1 the city is not very wide1 so that ,broadway1 which always ran lengthwise through the centre1 has served as a tolerable clue from the beginning4 ,great sacrifices have been made for the sake of regularity1 and there is now a tolerable degree of it1 even in the old1 or south part of the city1 cross streets running from ,broadway to either river with an approach to parallelism4 ,in the early time1 the town presented no bad resemblance in shape to the phenomenon called a mackerel sky1 ,broadway representing the spine1 and the streets running to either river the ribs1 while northward and southward was a tapering off2 on the south1 where the ,battery juts into the bay1 and on the north1 where the uppermost houses gradually narrowed till ,broadway came to an end1 with few buildings on either side of it4 ,but in these later days1 when ,knickerbocker limits no longer confine the heterogeneous thousands that have pushed the old race from their stools1 sixteen great avenues1 each a hundred feet wide1 run parallel with ,broadway and the rivers1 cut at right angles by wide streets1 lined with costly dwellings1 churches1 schools1 and other edifices4 ,as is usual in great commercial towns1 the lowest portion of the population haunt the neighborhood of the wharfs2 and1 in ,new-,york1 the eastern side of the city in particular attracts this class4 ,but1 perhaps1 no city of the size has fewer streets of squalid poverty1 although the encouragement given to immigration is such that there must necessarily be great numbers of wretched immigrants who have neither the will nor the power to live by honest industry4 ,it is in truth for this class of persons that hospitals and penitentiaries are here built1 foreigners supplying at least nine-tenths of the inmates of those institutions in ,new-,york4 ,as to clean and healthy streets1 the upper and newer part of the city has1 of course1 the advantage4 ,it is laid out with special attention to drainage1 for which the ridged shape of the ground affords great facility2 the island on which ,new-,york is built being highest in the middle1 and sloping off1 east and west1 towards the ,hudson and ,east ,rivers4 ,manhattan island is about fourteen miles long1 with an average breadth of one mile and a half1 the greatest width being two and a half miles4 ,at the southerly point of the island1 where the ,hudson unites with the strait called the ,east ,river1 lies one of the finest harbors in the world1 affording anchorage for ships of the largest size1 and surrounded by cultivated land and elegant residences4 ,several fortified islands diversify this bay1 and numerous forts occupy the points and headlands on either side4 ,the general appearance of the bay is that of great beauty1 of the milder sort4 ,the shores are rather low1 but finely wooded1 and the approach to the city from the ocean very striking4 ,the battery1 a promenade covered with fine old trees1 offers a rural front1 but the forests of masts stretching far up either river attract the stranger's attention much more forcibly4 ,the coup d'oeil is here magnificent4 ,brooklyn1 on ,long ,island1 a large city1 whose white columned streets gleam along the heights1 giving a palatial grandeur to the view1 is just opposite ,new-,york1 on the south-east1 and divided from it by so narrow a strait that it appears more truly to be a part of it than the ,surrey side of the ,thames to belong to ,london1 although the rush of commerce forbids bridges4 ,on the west side1 the banks of the ,hudson are lined with towns1 an outcrop of the central metropolis4 ,entering the city from any quarter1 we are sure to find ourselves in ,broadway1 long the pride of the inhabitants1 though its glories are rather traditional than actual1 as compared with the greatest thoroughfares of commerce in older cities4 ,it extends1 eighty feet in width1 two miles and a half in a straight line1 northward from the ,battery2 and then1 making a slight deflection at ,union ,park1 runs on1 ad infinitum1 though it is at present but sparely built after another mile or so4 ,nearly all the best shops in the retail trade are in this street1 some of them comparable to the richest of ,london and ,paris1 and the whole affording means for every device of elegant decoration and boundless expenditure4 ,residences here are comparatively few1 especially in the lower part1 the din of business and the ceaseless thunder of omnibuses having driven far away every family that has the liberty of choice4 ,many churches still exist in ,broadway1 which1 on ,sunday1 is as quiet as any other street4 ,other architectural decorations there are few4 ,the ,city ,hall1 a costly building of white marble1 too long and low to make a dignified appearance1 but standing in a well-wooded park1 of some eleven or twelve acres in extent1 has a certain beauty1 especially when seen gleaming through the spray of a fountain1 which sends up a tall jet at some distance in front of the building4 ,farther on is a hospital1 of rather ancient date for this western world--built in #agge1 and now surrounded by venerable trees1 and clothed in the richest ivy4 ,after this1 scarcely a break in the line of dazzling shops1 until we reach the vicinity of ,union ,square1 a pretty oval park1 with a noble fountain in the midst1 and lofty and handsome houses all round1 situated on perhaps the highest ground on this part of the island4 ,half a mile beyond is ,madison ,square1 a green expanse1 about which wealthy citizens are now building elegant residences of brown freestone1 with some attempt at architectural display4 ,near this1 still northward1 is the lower or distributing reservoir of the ,croton ,aqueduct1 standing on high ground1 and looking something like a fortress--no great ornament1 perhaps1 but an object of much interest4 ,fifth ,avenue1 on the west of ,broadway1 stretching north from ,washington ,square--an inclosure of about ten acres1 well planted with elms and maples--it is the ,belgravia of ,new-,york--in the estimation of those who inhabit it2 a paradise of marble1 upholstery and cabinet work1 at least2 not much dignified1 as yet1 by works of high art1 though the region boasts a few specimens1 ancient and modern2 but in luxury and extravagance emulating the repudiated aristocracy of the old world4 ,this is1 and is to be1 a street of palaces and churches throughout its whole extent1 always provided that the changeful current of ,fashion do not set in some other direction too soon1 carrying with it all the millionaires that are yet to arise within the century4 ,in that event1 the costly mansions of ,fifth ,avenue will inevitably become hotels and boarding-houses1--a reverse which so many grandly intended houses of elder ,new-,york have already experienced4 ,the distinction of ,east and ,west is marked in ,new-,york as in ,london1 though for different reasons4 ,in ,london1 the prevalence of westerly winds drives the surge waves of coal-smoke eastward1 blackening every thing2 in ,new-,york the western part of the town is cleaner1 because newer and built on a better plan4 ,broadway is the dividing line2 and it is a violent strain upon one's standing in fashionable life to live eastward of it1 below ,union ,square1 even in the most expensive style4 ,but the eastward world has its own great thoroughfare1 wider than ,broadway1 though not as long1 running nearly parallel with the main artery of the grander world4 ,the ,bowery--so called when it was the high road leading through the public farms or ,boweries--is a sort of exaggerated ,bishopsgate-street and ,shoreditch united2 more trades and callings1 more articles offered for sale in the open air1 more noise1 more people1 and at least as much natural1 undisguised1 vulgar life4 ,a railway for horse-carriages passes through it1 and hundreds of omnibuses and stage coaches1 not to speak of carts and country wagons without number4 ,a rowdy theatre or two1 a hay-market1 great clothing-shops1 and livery-stables1 a riding-school1 an anatomical museum--such are its ornaments4 ,not a church countenances its entire length1 nor any other public building aiming at elegance or dignity4 ,the goods displayed in the windows are of a secondary quality1 at best2 and the people who throng the pavements are people who want second-rate articles4 ,yet the ,bowery is worth walking through by a stranger1 little as it is known or valued by the native citizen1 whose lot has been cast in choicer neighborhood4 ,the common pulse of humanity beats audibly and visibly there1 wrapped in no cloak of convention or pseudo-refinement4 ,the fundamental business of life is carried on there as being confessedly the main business2 not1 as in ,broadway1 as if it were a thing to be huddled into a corner to make way for the carved-work and gilding1 the drapery and color of the great panorama4 ,there is another reason why the ,bowery has a claim on our attention4 ,strange as it may seem1 it is from the people who haunt the ,bowery that the ,united ,states take their character abroad4 ,foreigners insist upon considering the ,bowery b'hoys1--a class at once an enigma and a terror to the greater portion of their fellow-citizens1--as distinctive specimens of ,americanism1 much to the horror of their more fastidious countrymen4 ,this we think a great mistake1 though truly there are worse people in the world than the ,bowery b'hoys1 who are noted for a sort of bonhomie1 in the midst of all their coarseness4 ,as to parks and public promenades1 ,new-,york is lamentably deficient--the whole space thus appropriated being hardly more than eighty acres1 for the refreshment of a population which will soon cease to be counted by hundreds of thousands4 ,eight million dollars worth of land1 say the city fathers1 is as much as we can afford6 ,the penurious estimate which has resulted in this miserable deficiency has been long and ably combated by patriotic and clear-headed citizens1 but their influence has as yet proved wholly unavailing4 ,public meetings have been now and then held1 with a view of exciting a general interest in this important matter1 but they invariably end in fruitless resolutions4 ,the island still affords good sites for public gardens1 but there is scarce a gleam of hope that any of them will be reserved4 ,the few breathing spaces that now exist1 are thronged1 and by the very people who most need them--children and laboring people4 ,the vicinity of the fountains is full of loiterers1 quietly watching the play of the bright water1 and growing1 we may hope1 milder and better by the gentle influence4 ,at certain hours of the day whole troops of merry children1 with their attendants1 make the walks alive and resounding4 ,the hoop1 the ball1 the velocipede1 the skipping-rope1 rejoice the grass and sunshine1 and the eyes of the thoughtful spectator1 who sees health in every bounding motion1 and hears joy in every tiny shout4 ,it is strange that the citizens do not1 one and all1 cry aloud for the easy and happy open-air extension of their too often crowded homes4 ,london is the world's example in this thing4 ,a park suited to riding and driving is especially needed because of the wretched pavement which still disgraces the greater portion of ,new-,york4 ,the first thing that strikes an ,american returning from ,europe is the inferiority of the pavements of the ,atlantic cities2 and ,new-,york1 in particular1 is1 in this respect1 hardly a whit before the far-famed corduroy roads of the wild ,west4 ,in #ahdf a great improvement was begun1 called1 after the inventor1 the ,russ pavement1 and thus far seeming to meet all the difficulties of the case1 including the severe frosts and sudden changes of the climate4 ,the plan is1 however1 so expensive that it will probably be long before it is fully adopted4 ,it requires square blocks of stone1 about ten inches in depth1 laid diagonally with the wheel-track1 and resting on a substructure of concrete1 which again rests upon a foundation of granite chips1 the whole forming a consolidated mass1 eighteen inches thick1 so arranged as to be lifted in sections to afford access to the gas and water pipes4 ,this has been largely tried in ,broadway1 and has stood the test for six years4 ,foreigners are apt to complain1 not only1 as they justly may1 of the bad pavements of ,new-,york1 but1 somewhat unreasonably1 of the obstructions in the street1 caused by incessant building1 laying pipes1 c4 ,they say1 ,will the city never be finished8 ,not very soon1 we think4 ,it is difficult to do in fifty years the work of five hundred1 without a good deal of bustle and inconvenience4 ,rapid growth in population and wealth necessitates continual improvement in accommodation4 ,we may1 indeed1 be allowed to fret a little1 when the street is for weeks or months encumbered by the building materials of a merchant1 who sees fit to pull down a very good house in order to erect one that shall cost a quarter of a million1 merely because his neighbor has contrived to outshine him in that particular4 ,but when sewers and gas1 and ,croton water1 are in question1 we must not grumble4 ,these great public blessings are spreading into every quarter1 carrying health and decency with them4 ,the great sewers are arched canals of hard brick1 from three to nine feet in diameter1 and laid in mortar in the most durable manner4 ,above them are the gas-pipes1 an immense net-work2 and nearly on a level with these last are the huge veins and arteries1 by means of which the ,croton supplies life and health to the inhabitants1 once half-poisoned by water which shared every salt that enters into the subsoil of a great city4 ,analysis shows the ,croton water to be of great purity--holding in solution the salts of lime and magnesia in proportions hardly appreciable1 only about two and eight-tenths of a grain to the gallon4 ,the river springs from granitic hills1 and flows through a clear upland region1 free from marsh1 and covered with grazing farms4 ,when the ,aqueduct was undertaken1 ,new-,york numbered but two hundred and eighty thousand inhabitants1 so that the supply provided was a magnificent gift to the future4 ,the work was completed within five years1 years of great commercial difficulty2 and what is more remarkable1 the whole cost came within the estimate of the chief engineer4 ,the abundance of water may be guessed from the fact that two of the city fountains throw away more water than would suffice for the consumption of a large city4 ,the solidity of the structure is such that none but slight repair can be needed for centuries to come4#aj ,this great work was opened1 with appropriate ceremonies1 and a splendid civic festival1 on the #adth of ,october1 #ahdb4 ,the ,british consul1 in accepting the invitation of the ,common ,council1 to assist at this festival1 justly remarked1 ,tyrants have left monuments which call for admiration1 but no similar work of a free people1 for magnitude and utility1 equals this great enterprise4 ,public feeling was very warm on this occasion4 ,of the procession of the trades1 c41 which was three hours passing a given point1 an enthusiastic citizen declared in print1 that he watched and scrutinized it closely1 and could discover neither a drunkard nor a fool from first to last4 ,it might be a difficult matter to decide on the moral and intellectual condition of the individuals composing such a procession1 but we may concede that drunkards and fools are not the persons most likely to join in rejoicing for the introduction of pure water without stint or measure4 ,the great ,aqueduct is forty-one miles in length1 commencing with a dam across the ,croton river1 six miles above its mouth4 ,this raises the water one hundred and sixty-six feet above tide level1 forming a lake or reservoir of four hundred acres in extent1 containing five hundred million gallons1 above the level that would allow the ,aqueduct to discharge thirty-five million gallons per day4 ,from the ,croton ,dam to ,harlem ,river1 something less than thirty-three miles1 the ,aqueduct is an uninterrupted conduit of hydraulic masonry1 of stone and brick2 the greatest interior width1 seven feet five inches2 the greatest height1 eight feet five inches2 the floor an inverted arch4 ,the commissioners and chief engineers passed through its whole length on foot1 as soon as it was completed2 and1 when the water was admitted1 traversed it again in a boat built for the purpose4 ,it crosses the ,harlem ,river by a bridge of stone1 fourteen hundred and fifty feet long1 and one hundred and fourteen feet above high-water mark4 ,at the ,receiving ,reservoir forty miles from the ,dam1 the masonry gives place to iron pipes1 through which the water is conveyed two miles further1 to the distributing reservoir1 from which point it runs1 by means of several hundred miles of pipes1 to every corner of the city4 ,on the line of the ,aqueduct are one hundred and fourteen culverts1 and sixteen tunnels1 and ventilators occur at the distance of one mile apart throughout the route4 ,the ,receiving ,reservoir covers thirty-five acres1 and contains one hundred and fifty million imperial gallons4 ,the ,distributing ,reservoir has walls forty-nine feet in height1 and contains twenty million gallons4 ,the supply to each citizen is at present almost unlimited1 and afforded at a very moderate annual rate4 ,the managers complain to the ,common ,council of the enormous waste during the summer1 when sixty imperial gallons each twenty-four hours to every inhabitant1 are delivered4 ,but even at this enormous rate the quantity is ample1 and it can be increased at will by new reservoirs4 ,no decent house is now constructed without a bath1 an advantage to the health and comfort of the city1 hardly to be over-rated4 ,fountains adorn almost all the public places of any importance1 and although in few instances as yet dignified by sculpture1 these tastes and glimpses of ,nature are in themselves invaluable1 offering to the people at large a continual reminder of beauty1 tranquillity1 and innocent pleasure in the open air4 ,there remains yet to be added those public vats for the use of poor women in washing1 that may be found in so many ,european towns4 ,the facilities afforded by this abundance of water for the extinguishment of fires1 are such as can hardly be over-rated4 ,we have no space for details on this point1 nor does it need4 ,it will easily appear that1 with an unlimited supply of water1 and plenty of fire-plugs1 a few moments suffice to bring into action whatever is needed in case of conflagration--a glorious contrast to the tardy succor of former days1 when water was laboriously pumped from the rivers on either side the city1 and conveyed by means of hose to the scene of danger4 ,the perfection of the ,london ,fire ,brigade is yet to be accomplished for ,new-,york2 but promptness1 or rather zeal of service1 distinguishes the corps of firemen1 who make their business a passion1 and the perfection of their instruments their pride and glory4 ,they receive no remuneration except exemption from military and jury duty4 ,after these few words on the supply of pure and life-preserving water1 we may turn1 by no very violent transition1 to the facilities extended by ,new-,york to her children in the matter of education1--a point on which she is naturally and justly somewhat vainglorious4 ,the number of public1 and absolutely free schools1 is one hundred and ninety-nine2 embracing fifteen schools for the instruction of colored children4 ,more than one hundred thousand scholars attend in the course of the year2 though the average for each day is something less than forty thousand4 ,all is gratuitous at these schools--instruction1 books1 stationery1 washing-apparatus1 fuel1 c4 ,besides these1 there are fifteen evening schools1 for those who cannot avail themselves of the other public schools1 and whose only leisure time is after the close of the labors of the day4 ,the ages of the scholars in these schools vary from twelve to forty-five years4 ,this magnificent offer of instruction by the city to her children is confined to no class1 country1 sect1 nor fortune4 ,every child1 without exception1 is received1 taught1 and furnished with all the requisites for a good school education4 ,not content with this1 a free academy for the classics1 modern languages1 natural sciences1 and drawing1 was established in #ahdh1 with fourteen professors1 and proper appliances1 including a handsome and commodious building4 ,this academy receives male pupils from the common schools1 after due examination2 and retains them for a four years' course1 or longer1 if desirable4 ,it is contemplated to establish a free high school for females1 on a corresponding plan4 ,it is not to be supposed that the benefit of the public school system is shared only by the necessitous4 ,the children of respectable citizens1 of the plainer sort1 make up a large part of the attendance4 ,it is computed that only about twenty thousand children of both sexes are found in private schools4 ,there are many free schools of private charity1 some of which receive by law a certain share of public money1 as the school of the ,house of ,refuge1 various orphan asylums1 c41 including1 in all1 about three thousand five hundred children4 ,the ,roman ,catholics have some free schools of their own1 but most ,roman ,catholic children are educated at the public schools4 ,the prodigious amount of immigration 7on the day on which we write1 we happen to know that the number of steerage passengers arrived in the city is seventeen hundred and seventy-nine1 and1 on another1 within a week1 three thousand7--makes this provision for education doubly important2 since a large portion of the hordes thus emptied on these hospitable shores are entirely unable to pay any thing for the instruction of their children4 ,this fact gives added lustre to the no less munificent provision by the city for the gratuitous care of the sick and indigent--a care almost monopolized by foreigners1 because comparatively few ,americans are in a condition to need it4 ,all accidental cases are provided for at the ,new-,york ,hospital2 the attendant physicians and surgeons of which1 selected from the most eminent of the profession1 give their services without pecuniary remuneration4 ,a branch of this institution is the ,bloomingdale ,asylum for the ,insane4 ,the ,new-,york ,dispensary provides some thirty thousand patients annually with advice1 medicines1 and vaccination1 gratis4 ,the ,almshouse ,department maintains five establishments1 which1 together1 support about seven thousand persons1 and afford weekly aid to some three thousand others4 ,the ,nursery ,branch of this department maintains and instructs more than a thousand children of paupers and convicts4 ,the ,institution for the care of deaf mutes has about two hundred and fifty pupils1 of whom one hundred and sixty are supported at the expense of the ,state4 ,the ,asylum for the ,blind1 originally established by a few members of the ,society of ,friends1 has about one hundred and fifty pupils4 ,besides these1 private charity has opened refuges for almost every form of human misery and destitution1 so that it may safely be said that no one of any age1 sex1 nation1 or character need suffer1 in ,new ,york1 for lack of ,christian kindness in its ordinary manifestations4 ,among these beneficent offers of relief and aid1 we may mention one in particular1 whose worth is not as fully appreciated by the public as that of some others1 though none is more needed4 ,the ,prison ,association takes care of the interests of accused persons1 whose poverty and ignorance make them the easy prey of the designing and heartless2 attends to them while in prison1 and after their release1 holds out the helping hand1 and provides relief1 occupation1 and countenance for all those who are willing to reform4 ,a house with matrons is provided for discharged female convicts1 who are instructed and initiated into various modes of employment until they have had time to prove themselves fit to be recommended to places4 ,the success of this most benign and difficult charity has been very encouraging4 ,it would be vain to attempt1 in this desultory sketch1 any account of the means of morals and religion in ,new-,york4 ,in these respects she differs but little from ,english commercial towns4 ,the number of places of worship is something under three hundred1 and each form of religious benevolence has its appropriate society1 as elsewhere4 ,sabbath ,schools are very popular1 and attended by the children of the first citizens4 ,an immense number of persons are associated as ,sons and ,daughters of ,temperance1 who present a strong front against that vice which turns the wise man into a fool4 ,but as there is nothing distinctive in these and similar associations1 we pass them by4 ,a puritan tone of manners prevails2 that is to say1 with the mass of the well-to-do citizens1 puritan manners are the beau-ideal of propriety and safety4 ,yet ,new-,york is fast assuming a cosmopolitan tone which will make it difficult1 before very long1 to speak of any particular style of manners as prevailing4 ,representatives of every nation1 and tongue1 and kindred1 and people1 meeting on a footing of perfect equality of political advantages1 must in time produce a social state1 differing in some important particulars from any that the world has yet seen4 ,the population of ,new-,york will1 at the past rate of increase1 be in ten years greater than that of ,paris1 and in thirty equal to that of ,london4 ,how can one speculate on a social state formed under such circumstances8 ,the present aspect of what claims to be ,new-,york society is certainly rather anomalous4 ,an exceptional ,american--,john ,quincy ,adams--in some patriotic speech1 mentioned1 among other occasions of thankfulness to ,heaven1 that excellent gift1 a heritable habitation2 but there is nothing which the prosperous citizen of ,new-,york so much despises4 ,if he read ,ruskin1 he thinks the man benighted when he utters such sentiments as these3 ,there must be a strange dissolution of natural affection2 a strange unthankfulness for all that homes have given and parents taught2 a strange consciousness that we have been unfaithful to our father's honor1 or that our lives are not such as would make our dwellings sacred to our children1 when each man would fain build to himself1 and build for the little revolution of his own life only 99 99 99 994 ,our ,god is a household god1 as well as a heavenly one4 ,he has an altar in every man's dwelling2 let men look to it when they rend it lightly1 and pour out its ashes6 ,if ever there were any substantial tenements of stone and brick on which might well be written the motto ,passing away6 it is those of the great commercial metropolis of the western world4 ,the material substance is enduring enough to last many generations2 their soul is a thing of the moment4 ,after it has inhabited its proud apartments1 and looked out of its beautiful windows for a few years1 it departs1 to return no more for ever1 and its deserted home becomes at once the receptacle of a soul of lower grade1 and its destiny is to pass down1 and down1 and down1 in the scale1 as time wears on1 and improvement sanctifies new regions4 ,one might suppose the pleasure and pride of building would be quite killed by the idea that as soon as one's head is laid in the dust1 all the achievements of taste1 all the devices of ingenious affection1 all the personality1 in short1 of one's dwelling would be turned out to the gaze and comment of the curious world now so carefully shut out2 exposed1 depreciated1 contemned1 and sold to the highest bidder1 under circumstances of inevitable degradation4 ,but the ruling spirit of the ,new ,world progress seems to reconcile even the reflective to these things4 ,they shrug their shoulders1 and say it cannot be helped6 ,truly1 these seem the days when every man's aim is to be in some more elevated sphere than his natural one1 and every man's past life is his habitual scorn2 when men build in the hope of leaving the places they have built1 and live in the hope of forgetting the years they have lived2 when the comfort1 the peace1 and the religion of home have ceased to be felt4 ,in these particulars1 however1 the severity of the ,new ,world is in a state of transition4 ,under circumstances so novel1 it is not to be wondered at that no leisure has yet been found for the complete harmonization of the social theory in all its parts4 ,whether the universal and incessant subdivision of estates will ever be found to allow the addition of the charm of poetic associations to the possession of wealth is a question not yet determined4 ,when all passes under the hammer1 what becomes of heir-looms1 and whatever else in which family life and interest are bound up8 ,and why should splendor prepare for perpetuity when that which supports it is to be shared among half a dozen or a dozen descendants8 ,will a rich man be likely to collect works of art under the consciousness that1 when cutting up time comes1 not one of his children will probably be rich enough to retain possession of these treasures that bring no tangible income8 ,truly1 republicans ought to be philosophers1 caring only for things of highest moment1 and capable of saying to all others--,get ye behind me6 ,but the denizens of ,new-,york ,belgravia are not philosophers1 at least not philosophers of this stamp4 ,content with the good things of to-day1 they leave the morrow to take care of itself2 and many of them live in a style which1 even to those who have seen ,european splendor1 seems no less than superb4 ,their dwellings are unsurpassed in convenience of arrangement and luxury of appliance2 their entertainments are of regal magnificence1 so far as regal magnificence is purchasable2 and for dress and equipage they pour out money like water4 ,in cultivation and accomplishments1 they are of course very unequal2 for1 in a country where the great field of competition has a thousand gates1 all opened wide to all comers1 and moneyed magnates come from every class in society1 and bring with them1 to the new sphere1 just what of a strictly personal kind they possessed in the old4 ,he that was refined is refined still1 and he that was sordid is sordid still4 ,if the gentleman enjoys the power of indulging his tastes1 and choosing his pursuits1 so does the vulgarian2 and1 unhappily1 no ,belgravia1 ,english or ,american1 has yet been found capable of inspiring its inmates with dignified tastes or elevated aims4 ,there is no permanent nucleus of elegant society in ,new-,york2 no reservoir of indisputable social grace1 from which succeeding sets and advancing circles can draw rules and imbibe tastes4 ,there is not1 even at any one time1 an acknowledged first circle1 to whose standard others are willing to refer4 ,this being so1 the most incongruous manners often encounter in the social arena2 and it is only in very limited association that any appreciable degree of congeniality is expected4 ,wealth always fraternizes with wealth to a certain extent4 ,the maxim announced here on a certain public occasion1 that the possession of wealth is always to be received as evidence of the possession of merit of some kind1 is conscientiously acted upon2 but beyond this1 social affinity is very limited as yet4 ,conversation has no recognized place among accomplishments1 and of course only a doubtful one among pleasures4 ,coteries are unknown1 and the continual shifting of circles precludes the pleasure of long-ripened intellectual intercourse4 ,many there are who regret this state of things in a society in which there is in reality so great a share of general good feeling2 but they are found not among the rich1 who possess some of the means of remedying the evil1 but among those who1 removed from the temptations which riches1 suddenly acquired1 array against intellectual pleasures1 lack1 on the other hand1 the means of uniting with those pleasures1 the agremens which are at the command of easy fortune4 ,in ,paris1 intellect and cultivation can draw together those who value them1 even though the place of meeting be a shabby house in the suburbs2 in ,new-,york it is not yet so1 nor could it be expected4 ,no social pose has yet been attained2 and each is too much absorbed in making good his general claims to consideration1 to have leisure for the calmer enjoyments that might be snatched during the contest4 ,ostentation is1 as yet1 too prominent in the entertainments of the rich2 and the not rich1 with republican pride1 will rather renounce the pleasures and advantages of society than receive company in an inexpensive way4 ,even public amusements are not fashionable4 ,large numbers1 it is true1 attend them1 but not of the fashionable classes4 ,the ,opera1 alone1 has a sort of popularity with these1 but it is as an elegant lounger1 and a chance of distinction from the vulgar4 ,a low-priced opera1 like those of the ,continent1 with music as the main object1 and magnificent costume put out of the question by twilight houses1 is yet to be tried in ,new-,york4 ,in the opinion of some1 this is one day to be the touchstone of ,american musical taste4 ,a passion for popular music the ,americans certainly have4 ,the ,negro ,melodists1 numerous as they are1 draw throngs every night2 and their music1 whether gay or sad1 has all the charm that could be desired for the popular heart4 ,but the people of any pretensions enjoy this kind of music1 as it were by stealth1 not considering that the pleasure it gives is in fact a test of its excellence4 ,many of the negro airs are worthy of symphonies and accompaniments by ,beethoven or ,schubert1 but until they have been endorsed by science the ,new-,yorker would rather not be caught enjoying them4 ,if we should venture to suggest what it is that ,new-,york society most lacks1 we should say ,courage--courage to enjoy and make the most of individual tastes and feelings4 ,the spirit of imitation robs social life of all that is picturesque and poetical4 ,living for the eyes of our neighbors is stupefying and belittling4 ,it gives an air of hollowness and tinsel to our homes1 stealing even from the heartiness of affection1 and sapping the disinterestedness of friendship4 ,it tends to the general impoverishment of home-life1 the privacy of which is the soil of originality and the nursery of accomplishments4 ,it is hardly consistent with the pursuit of literature or art for its own sake1 since a desire to do what others do1 and avoid what others contemn1 excludes private and independent choice1 except where the natural bias is irresistibly strong4 ,there is1 in truth1 very little relish for home accomplishments in ,new-,york4 ,music is too much a thing of exhibition1 and drawing is scarcely practised at all4 ,two or three of the modern languages are taught at every fashionable school2 but the use of these is seldom kept up in after life1 even by reading4 ,no people are so poorly furnished with foreign tongues as the ,americans1 and ,new-,york forms no exception to the general remark4 ,we shall not venture to touch that most sensitive of all topics1 native art1 on which no opinion can be expressed with safety1 ,suffice it to say1 that ,new-,york has a ,national ,academy of ,design2 the nucleus of a free gallery2 an ,art-,union1 largely patronized2 an ,artists' ,association1 with a gallery of its own2 and various exhibitions of ,european pictures4 ,lessing's ,martyrdom of ,huss has been for some time exhibiting in a collection of paintings of the ,duesseldorf school4 ,statuary is as yet comparatively rare2 for1 although ,american art has sprung at once to high excellence in this direction1 the sculptors generally reside abroad1 for the sake of superior advantages for execution4 ,the present year sees the debut of a young sculptor of ,new-,york1 named ,palmer1 who has just finished a work of great promise1 for this spring's exhibition of the ,national ,academy1 an exhibition most cheering to the friends of ,american art1 from its marked superiority in many respects to any that have gone before it4 ,a ,home-,book of ,beauty is in progress1 for which a young ,english artist1 son of the celebrated ,martin1 is making the portraits4 ,this promises to be very popular1 since the reputation of ,american female beauty is world-wide4 ,these slight notices of ,new-,york as she is1 are intended rather to give foreign visitors a hint what not to expect1 than to serve as any thing deserving the name of a description of one of the commercial centres of the world4 ,it is quite possible to come to ,new-,york with such letters of introduction as shall open to the stranger society as intelligent and well-bred as any in ,europe2 but as this is composed of people who never run after notabilities as such1 it is often unknown and unsuspected by the visitor from abroad1 who1 consequently1 returns home with such broad views as we have been attempting1 quite satisfied that there is nothing more worth seeking4 ,it is noticeable that the most favorable accounts of ,american manners have been given by the best-bred and highest-born foreign travellers2 while disparagement and abuse have been the retaliation of those who have1 to their surprise1 found the ,americans quite capable of distinguishing between snobs and gentlemen4 ,the intelligent traveller must know how to take ,new-,york for what she is1 and he will not undervalue her for not being what she is not4 ,she is a magnificent city--a city of unexampled growth and energy2 of the noblest public works1 of unbounded charity1 of a most intelligent providence in the instruction of her children1 of fearless liberality in the reception and treatment of foreigners1 and of a growing interest in all the arts which adorn and harmonize society4 ,those who visit her prepared to find these traits will not be disappointed2 those who will accept nothing in an ,american city of yesterday but the tranquil and delicate tone of an assured civilization1 should not come westward4 ,yet in real1 essential civilization1 that city cannot be far behindhand1 in which the duties of a street police are almost nominal1 and where every ill that can afflict humanity is cared for gratuitously1 and in the most humane spirit4 ,justly proud of these proofs of her preparation for the outward gloss of manners which is all in all to the superficial observer1 ,new-,york can well afford to invite the scrutiny of the intelligent citizen of the world4 ,as we began our little sketch with some ,knickerbocker reminiscences1 so we feel bound1 before we close1 to say a word or two of the traces that still remain of the honored origin of much of the wealth and respectability of ,new-,york4 ,whatever we may allow for our ,english superstructure1 we cannot forget that the ,dutch foundation was most excellent4 ,the ,batavians1 says ,tacitus1 are distinguished among the neighboring nations for their valor2 and in the seventeenth century the countrymen of ,van ,tromp and ,de ,ruyter had not degenerated from their ,batavian ancestors2 and in the gentler qualities of peace1 industry1 perseverance1 energy1 honesty1 and enterprise1 the ,states-,general were surpassed by no ,european community4 ,for their notions of law1 we may consult ,grotius2 for their taste for art1 the exquisite works which constitute a school of their own4 ,the ,dutch masters of ,new-,york were people of high tone and character1 and to this day there lingers a flavor of nobility and dignity about the very names of ,van ,rensselaer1 ,van ,cortlandt1 ,van ,zandt1 ,brinkerhoff1 ,stuyvesant1 ,rutgers1 ,schermerhorn1 c41 represented by families who still retain much of their ancient wealth1 and a great deal of their ancient aristocratic feeling4 ,many jokes have been founded upon the unwillingness of these lords of the soil to be disturbed2 one of the best of which is ,washington ,irving's story of ,wolfert ,webber1 who thought he must inevitably die in the almshouse1 because the ,corporation ruined his cabbage-garden by running a street through it4 ,but they make excellent citizens1 and their aversion to change has been but a much needed balance to the wild go-ahead restlessness of the full-blooded ,yankee1 who sees nothing but the future4 ,the ,dutch have customs1 and1 of course1 manners2 while the tendency of modern ,new-,york life is adverse to both4 ,the citizen of to-day cannot help looking on the ,dutch spirit as slow1 but he has an instinctive respect for it1 notwithstanding4 ,one single ,dutch custom still maintains its ground triumphantly1 in spite of the hurry of business1 the selfishness of the commercial spirit1 and the efforts of a few paltry fashionists1 who would fain put down every thing in which a suspicion of heartiness can be detected4 ,it is the custom of making ,new ,year visits on the first day of ,january1 when every lady is at home1 and every gentleman goes the rounds of his entire acquaintance2 flying in and flying out1 it is true1 but still with an expression of good-will and friendly feeling that is invaluable in a community where daily life is so much under the control of that cabalistic word--business4 ,ladies are in high party-trim1 and refreshments of various kinds are offered2 but the main point and recognized meaning of the whole is the interchange of friendly greetings4 ,no one1 not to the manor born1 can estimate the glow of feeling that characterizes these flying visits4 ,as iron sharpeneth iron1 so doth the countenance of a man his friend4 ,the mere looking into each other's faces is good for human creatures2 and when the sincere even though transient light of kindly feeling beams from the eyes that thus encounter1 something is done against egotism1 haughty disregard and blank oblivion4 ,many a coolness dies on ,new ,year's ,day1 under a battery of smiles2 many a hard thought is shamed away by the good wishes of the season4 ,old friends1 who are inevitably separated most of the time1 thus meet at least once a year1 for the enthusiasm of the hour is potent enough to make the valetudinarian forsake his easy chair1 and the cripple his crutches4 ,visiting hours are extended so as to include all the hours from ten in the morning until ten at night1 and1 in order to make the most of these1 the gentlemen take carriages and scour the streets at the true ,american pace1 so as to lose as little time as possible on the way4 ,if a storm occur1 it is considered quite a public misfortune1 since it lessens1 though it never altogether prevents the fulfilment of the annual ceremony4 ,it is true that both ladies and gentlemen are death-weary when bed-time comes1 but that for once a year is no great evil4 ,it is true that some young men will take more whisky-punch1 or champagne1 than is becoming2 but for one who does this1 there are many who decline all that can intoxicate1 except smiles and kind words4 ,in some houses the blinds are closed1 the gas lighted1 and a band of music in attendance2 and each batch of visitors inveigled into polkas1 or kedowas1 for which the lady of the house has taken care to provide partners4 ,but this is considered a degeneracy1 and voted mauvais ton by those who understand the thing4 ,to throw a perfume o'er the violet1 bespeaks the ,french coiffeur or the parvenu2 the simplicity of the ancient ,dutch custom of ,new ,year visits is its dignity and glory4 ,long may it live unspotted by vulgar fashion6 ,well were it for the island city if she had kept a loving hold on many another quaint festivity of her ancestors on the other side of the water4 ,her prosperity would be none the worse of a respectful reference to the good things of the past4 ,,footnotes3 #aj ,among the causes of decay in the ,roman aqueducts1 was the strong concretion formed on the bottom and sides by matter deposited by the water4 ,no such deposit is made by the water of the ,croton4 ,from ,fraser's ,magazine4 ,a ,,jungle ,,recollection4 ,,by ,,captain ,,hardbargain4 ,the hot season of #ahdi was peculiarly oppressive1 and the irksome garrison duty at ,cherootabad1 in the south of ,india1 had for many months been unusually severe4 ,the colonel of my regiment1 the brigadier1 and the general1 having successively acceded to my application for three weeks' leave1 and that welcome fact having been duly notified in orders1 it was not long before ,i found myself on the ,coimbatore road1 snugly packed guns and all1 in a country bullock-cart1 lying at full length on a matress1 with a thick layer of straw spread under it4 ,all my preparations had been made beforehand2 relays of bullocks were posted for me at convenient intervals1 and ,i arrived at ,goodaloor1 a distance of a hundred and ten miles1 in rather more than forty-eight hours4 ,goodaloor is a quiet little village1 about eleven miles from ,coimbatore2--but don't suppose ,i was going to spend my precious three weeks there4 ,after breakfasting at the traveller's bungalow1 we started off again4 ,the bungalow is on the right hand side of the road2 and when we had proceeded about two hundred yards1 the bullock-cart turned into the fields to the left1 and got along how it could across country1 towards some low rocky hills1 which ran parallel1 and at about three miles distance from the ,coimbatore road4 ,after about two miles of this work1 sometimes over fallow ground1 sometimes through fields of growing grain1 7taking awful liberties with the loose hedges of cut brambles1 which1 however1 we had the conscience to build up again as we passed them17 sometimes over broken stony ground1 and once or twice lumbering heavily through a rocky watercourse1 we at last found ourselves on the grassy margin of a pretty little stream4 ,fifty yards beyond it1 under the shade of a fine mango-tree1 my little tent was already pitched2 in five minutes ,i lay stretched on my bed1 listening with ravished ears to the glorious accounts of my old ,shikaree1 who had just come in1 hot and tired1 from the jungle4 ,he had much to tell1--how since he had been out1 three days1 he had tracked the tiger every morning up and down a certain nullah2 how the brindled monster had been seen by different shepherds2 and what was still more satisfactory1 how he had but yesterday killed a cow near the spot where the hut had been built4 ,it was now midday2--how to spend the long hours till sunset8 ,after making the tired man draw innumerable sketch-maps in the sand1 with reiterated descriptions of the hut1 c41 ,i allowed the poor wretch to go to his dinner2 and in anticipation of a weary night's watch1 ,i squeezed my eyes together and tried to sleep4 ,the sun begins to acquire his evening slant1 and ,i joyfully leave my bed to prepare for my nocturnal expedition4 ,the cook is boiling fowl and potatoes2 they are ready2 and now he pours his clear strong coffee into the three soda-water bottles by his side2 everything is ready1 in the little basket1 not forgetting a bottle of good beer4 ,now then commences the pleasing task of carefully loading our battery4 ,come1 big ,sam ,nock1 king of two-ouncers1 what is to be the fate of these two great plumbs that you are now to swallow8 ,am ,i to cut them out of the tiger's ribs to-morrow8--or are they idly to be fired away into the trunk of a tree1 or drawn again8 ,all loaded1 and pony saddled1 let us start3 the two white cows and their calves2 the matress and blanket rolled up and carried on a ,cooly's head3 ,shikaree1 horsekeeper1 and a village man with the three guns1 while ,i myself bring up the rear4 ,over a few ploughed fields1 and past that large banian-tree1 the jungle begins4 ,what is this black thing8 and what are those people doing8 ,that hideous black image is the jungle god1 and to him the villagers look for protection for their flocks4 ,how they stare at the man dressed in his mud-colored clothes1 who has come so far1 and sacrifices sleep and comfort1 to sit and watch at night for the evil genius of their jungles4 ,children are held up to look at him--at the ,english jungle-wallah1 who drinks brandy as they drink milk1 and who is on his way to the deepest fastnesses of the wooded waste1 to watch for the tiger alone--a man who laughs at gods and devils--a devil himself4 ,the ,shikaree1 who had been earnestly engaged in conversation with the oldest looking man of the group1 now ran up and informed me that the ,gooroo had given him to understand that the ,sahib would certainly kill the tiger this night1 and that it was expected that he would subscribe fifteen rupees to the god1 in the event of the prediction proving true4 ,come1 we have no time for talking4 ,hurry on1 cows and guns1 hurry on6 through the silent jungle1 along the narrow path4 ,how much farther yet4 ,not more than a quarter of a mile2 we are close to it4 ,and now the people who know the whereabouts stop and look smilingly on one another1 and then at the ,sahib1 whose practised eye has but just discovered the well-built ambush4 ,in a small clump of low jungle1 on the sloping bank of a broad1 sandy watercourse1 the casual passer-by would not have perceived a snug and tolerably strong little hut1--the white ends of the small branches that were laid over it1 and the mixture of foliage1 alone revealing the fact to the observant eye of a practised woodman4 ,no praise could be too strong to bestow on the faithful ,shikaree2 had ,i chosen the spot myself1 after a week's survey of the country1 it could not have been more happily selected4 ,the watercourse wound its way through the thickest and most tigerish section of the jungle1 and had its origin at the very foot of the hills1 where tigers were continually seen by the woodcutters and shepherds4 ,there was little or no water within many miles1 except the few gallons in a basin of rock1 which ,i could almost reach from my little bower2 and1 to crown all1 there were the broad1 deep puggs of a tiger1 up and down the nullah1 in the dry sand1 near the water's edge1 of all ages1 from the week1 perhaps1 up to the unmistakable fresh puggs of last night4 ,let us get off the pony1 and have a look at the hut4 ,pulling a few dry branches on one side1 the small hurdle-door at the back is exposed to view1 hardly big enough to admit a large dog2 down on your knees and crawl in4 ,five feet long1 four feet wide1 and four feet high in the centre1 is the extent of the little palace2 a platform1 a foot from the ground1 occupies the whole extent to within a foot of the front end facing the bed of the watercourse4 ,on this platform the matress is laid1 and some big coats and the blankets make a very comfortable pillow4 ,remove that little screen of leaves1 and you look through a window1 ten inches square1 that commands a view fifty paces up and down the sandy nullah4 ,sitting on the end of the bed-place1 just behind the window1 with your feet on the ground1 nothing can be more comfortable2 and when tired1 you only have to draw up your legs1 and curl yourself on the matress to enjoy a short nap1 if your prudence cannot conquer sleep4 ,into this hut which ,i have endeavored to describe1 did ,i now crawl2 the matress was arranged1 the handsome and carefully loaded battery was next handed in1 and each gun placed ready for action2 the cold fowl and bottle of ,bass were in the mean while disposed of1 and the soda-water bottles of cold coffee were stowed away in cunning corners4 ,the sun is resting on the hill-tops1 and will soon disappear behind them2 the peafowl and jungle-cock are noisily challenging amongst themselves1 and the latest party of woodcutters have just passed by1 showing1 by their brisk pace and loud talking1 that they consider it high time for prudent men to quit the jungle4 ,to the deeply-rooted stump of a young tree on the opposite bank1 one of the white cows has been made fast by a double cord passed twice round her horns4 ,nothing remains to be done2 the little door is fastened behind me1 the prickly acacia boughs are piled up against it on the outside1 and my people are anxious to be off4 ,the old ,shikaree makes his appearance in the nullah1 and wishing me success through the window1 asks if all is right8 ,every thing2 get home as fast as you can3 if you should hear three shots in succession before dark1 come back for me1--otherwise1 bring the pony at six to-morrow morning1--and a cup of hot coffee1 tell the cook4 ,they are gone2 ,i still hear them every now and then1 as they shout to one another1 and as the pony is scrambling through some loose stones in the bed of a missing words_/letters through which the road lies4 ,the poor cow1 too1 listens with dismay to the retreating footsteps of the party1 and has already made some furious plunges to free herself and rejoin the rest of the kine1 who have been driven off1 nothing loth1 towards home4 ,watch her3 how intently she stares along the path by which the people have deserted her4 ,were it not for the occasional stamp of her fore leg1 or the impatient side-toss of the head1 to keep off the swarming flies1 she might be carved out of marble4 ,and now a fearful and anxious gaze up the bed of the nullah1 and into the thick fringe of ,mimoso1 one ear pricked and the other back alternately1 show that instinct has already whispered the warning of impending danger4 ,another plunge to get loose1 and a searching gaze up the path2 see her sides heave4 ,now comes what we want--that deep low6 it echoes again among the hills3 another1 and another4 ,poor wretch6 you are hastening your doom2 far or near the tiger hears you--under rock or thicket1 where he has lain since morning sheltered from the scorching sun1 his ears flutter as if they were tickled every time he hears that music3 his huge green eyes1 heretofore half-closed1 are now wide open1 and1 alas6 poor cow1 gaze truly enough in thy direction2 but he has not stirred yet1 and nobody can say in which direction giant death will yet stalk forth4 ,which ever of my readers who has never had to wait in solitude1 in a strange room of a strange house1 has not indulged in that idle speculative curiosity peculiar to such a situation1 gazing on the pictures1 and counting perhaps tables and chairs with an absurd earnestness of purpose1--will not understand how ,i spent the first half hour of my solitude2 how ,i idly counted the stakes that formed the framework of the hut1 or watched with interest the artful tactics of another ,shikaree1 in the shape of a slippery-looking green lizard1 who was cautiously stalking the insects among the rafters4 ,the cow1 tired with struggling and plunging1 appears to have become tolerably resigned to her situation1 and has lain down1 her ears1 however1 in continual motion1 and the jaw sometimes suddenly arrested1 while in the act of chewing the cud1 to listen1 as some slight noise in the thicket attracts her attention4 ,gracious6 what is that down the nullah to the left8 ,a peacock only4 ,how my heart beat at first6 what a splendid train the fellow has4 ,here he comes1 evidently for the water2 and now his seraglio1--one1 two1 four1 five1 buff-breasted1 modest-looking little quakeresses4 ,what a contrast to his splendid blue and gold6 ,all to the water--dive in your bills and toss back your heads with blinking eyes1 as you quaff the delicious fluid2 little do you dream that there is a gun within five paces1 although you are quite safe4 ,but stop6 here are antics4 ,the old boy is happy1 and up goes his tail1 to the admiration of his hens1 and the extreme wonderment of the cow1 who with open eyes is staring with all her might at the glories of the expanded fan2 and now slowly goes he round and round1 like a solemn ,jack o' the ,green1 his spindle shanks looking disreputably thin in the waning light4 ,they quit the water-side1 and disappear2 and ,i can hear their heavy wings as they one after another mount a tall tree for the night4 ,the moon is up--all nature still2 the cow1 again on her legs1 is restless1 and evidently frightened4 ,oh6 reader1 even if you have the soul of a ,shikaree1 ,i despair of being able to convey in words a tithe of the sensations of that solitary vigil3 a night like that is to be enjoyed but seldom--a red-letter day in one's existence4 ,where is the man who has never experienced the poetic influence of a moonlit scene6 ,fancy1 then1 such a one as here described2 a crescent of low hills--craggy1 steep1 and thickly wooded--around you on three sides1 and above them1 again1 at twenty miles' distance1 the clear blue outline of the ,neilgherry ,hills2 in your front the silver-sand bed of the dry watercourse divides the thick and sombre jungle with a stream of light1 till you lose it in the deep shadows at the foot of the hills1--all quiet1 all still1 all bathed in the light of the moon1 yourself the only man for miles to come2 a solitary watcher1 your only companion the poor cow1 who1 full of fears and suspicions at every leaf-fall1 reminds you that a terrible struggle is about to take place within a few feet of your bed1 and that there will be noise and confusion1 when you must be cool and collected4 ,your little kennel would not be strong enough to resist a determined charge1 and you are alone1 if three good guns are not true friends4 ,let me1 good reader1 give way to the pleasures of memory1--let me fancy myself back again1 seated in my dear little hut1 full of hope and expectation1 now drinking the ice-cold coffee from one of the soda-water bottles1 re-corking it1 and placing it slowly and noiselessly in its corner4 ,hark to the single ring of a silver bell1 and its echo among the hills6 a spotted deer--why does she call8 has she seen any thing8 ,again1 and again1 and answered from a long distance6 ',tis very odd1 that when one should be most wakeful1 there should be always an inclination to sleep4 ,a raw nip of aqua-vitae1 and a little of the same rubbed round the eyes1 nostrils and behind the ears1 make us wakeful again4 ,oh6 that ,i could express sounds on paper as music is written in notes4 ,no1 reader1 you must do as ,i have done--you must be placed in a similar situation1 to hear and enjoy the terrible roar of a hungry tiger--not from afar off and listened for1 but close at hand and unexpected4 ,it was like an electric shock2--a moment ago1 ,i was dozing off1 and the cow1 long since lain down1 appeared asleep2 that one roar had not died away among the hills when she had scrambled on her legs1 and stood with elevated head1 stiffened limbs1 tail raised1 and breath suspended1 staring full of terror in the direction of the sound4 ,as for the biped1 with less noise and even more alacrity1 he had grasped his ,sam ,nock1 whose polished barrels just rested on the lower ledge of the little peephole2 perhaps his eyes were as round as saucers1 and heart beating fast and strong4 ,now for the struggle2--pray heaven that ,i am cool and calm1 and do not fire in a hurry1 for one shot will either lose or secure my well-earned prize4 ,there he is again6 evidently in that rugged1 stony watercourse which runs parallel1 and about two hundred yards behind the hut4 ,but what is that8 ,yes1 lightning3 two flashes in quick succession1 and a cold stream of air is rustling through the half-withered leaves of my ambush4 ,taking a look to the rear through an accidental opening among the leaves1 it was plain that a storm1 or1 as it would be called at sea1 a squall1 was brewing4 ,an arch of black cloud was approaching from the westward1 and the rain descending1 gave it the appearance of a huge black comb1 the teeth reaching to the earth4 ,the moon1 half obscured1 showed a white mist as far as the rain had reached4 ,then was heard in the puffs of air the hissing of the distant but approaching down-pour3 more lightning--then some large heavy drops plashed on the roof1 and it was raining cats and dogs4 ,how the scene was changed6 ,half-an-hour ago1 solemn1 and still1 and wild1 as nature rested1 unpolluted1 undefaced1 unmarked by man--sleeping in the light of the moon1 all was tranquillity2 the civilized man lost his idiosyncrasy in its contemplation--forgot nation1 pursuits1 creed1--he felt that he was ,nature's child1 and adored the ,god of ,nature4 ,but the beautiful was now exchanged for the sublime1 when that scene appeared lit up suddenly and awfully by lightning1 which now momentarily exchanged a sheet of intensely dazzling blue light1 with a darkness horrible to endure--a light which showed the many streams of water1 which now appeared like ribbons over the smooth slabs of rock that lay on the slope of the hills1 and gave a microscopic accuracy of outline to every object1--exchanged as suddenly for a darkness which for the moment might be supposed the darkness of extinction--of utter annihilation1--while the crash of thunder overhead rolled over the echoes of the hills1 ,i am the ,lord thy ,god4 ,the hut1 made in a hurry1 was not thatched 7as it might have been71 and the half-dried foliage which covered it collected drops only to pour down continuous streams from the stem of every twig4 ,so much for sitting up for tigers6 will most of my readers exclaim1 and laugh at the monomaniac who would subject himself to such misery2 but the thorough-bred ,shikaree is game and stanch to the backbone1 and will not be stopped by a night's wetting4 ,for myself1 ,i can only say in extenuation1 that ,i was born on the #abth of ,august4 ,a heavy and continuous down-pour soon showed its effects1 and although ,i had lots of big coats1 and was not altogether unprepared for such an emergency1 an hour had not elapsed before ,i was obliged to confess myself tolerably wet through4 ,the matress just collected the water and made a good hip-bath1 for there was no other seat4 ,the nullah1 heretofore as ,i have described1 was now a turbid stream of red water1 which falling over a slab of rock into the small basin before mentioned1 kept up an unceasing din4 ,tired and disgusted1 ,i rolled a doubled blanket1 although saturated with water1 tight round me1 and was soon warm and asleep4 ,about two o'clock in the morning the clouds broke and the rain ceased2 the boiling stream ran down to half its size1 and a concert of thousands of frogs1 bass1 tenor1 and treble1 kept up a monotonous croaking enough to wake the dead4 ,the moon appeared again1 and ,i attacked both cold coffee and brandy1 and made myself as comfortable as possible under existing circumstances--to wit1 wringing the water out of my jacket and cap1 and putting them on again warm and comparatively dry4 ,the cow even shook herself1 and appeared glad of the change of weather1 and ,i had no doubt that she would go back with me to the tent in the morning to gladden the eyes of her young calf and all good ,hindoos4 ,the nullah had run dry again1 and even the infernal frogs1 as if despairing of more rain1 had ceased their din3 damp and sleepy1 with arms folded and eyes sometimes open1 but often shut1 ,i kept an indifferent watch1 when the cow struggling on her legs and a choking groan brought me to my senses6 ,there they were6 ,no dream6 ,a huge tiger holding her just behind the ears1 shaking her like a fighting dog6 ,by the doubtful light of a watery moon did ,i calmly and noiselessly run out the muzzle of my single ,j4 ,lang rifle4 ,i saw him1 without quitting his grip of the cow's neck1 leap over her back more than once--she sank to the earth1 and he lifted her up again3 at the first opportunity ,i pulled trigger--snick6 ,the rifle was withdrawn1 and big ,sam ,nock felt grateful to the touch4 ,left barrel--snick6 ,right barrel--snick1 bang6 ,whether hanging fire is an excuse or not1 the tiger relinquished his hold1 and in one bound was out of sight4 ,the cow staggered for two or three seconds1 fell with a heavy groan1 and ceased to move4 ,tiger gone6--cow dead6--was it a dream8 ,killed the cow within five paces and gone away scathless4 ,for a long time ,i felt benumbed2 ,i had missed many near shots1 even many at tigers1 and some like this at night1 but never before under such favorable circumstances4 ,why1 ,i almost dreaded the morning1 when my ,shikaree and people would come and find the cow killed1 and ,i should have in fairness to account for the rest4 ,the first streak of daylight did shortly appear1 and every familiar sound of awaking nature succeeded each other1 from the receding hooting of the huge horned owl1 to the noisy crowing of the jungle cock and the call of the peafowl4 ,the sun got up1 and soon ,i heard1 first doubtfully and then distinctively1 the approach of my people4 ,a sudden start1 and stop1 when they came in full view of the slaughtered cow2 and then1 a look up and down the nullah1 as if they had not seen all4 ,the reader must spare me the recollection of a scene that vexes me even at this distance of time1 as if it had occurred but yesterday4 ,the next half-hour was spent sitting on the carcass of the cow1 staring at the enormous and deeply indented prints of the tiger's feet1 and looking with sorrow and vexation and some compunction at the poor little calf which had been driven back to its mother1 neither to see her alive nor her death avenged4 ,it was quite evident that the tiger had not been hit1 for there was neither hair nor blood to be seen1 and one or two small branches in the jungle beyond the cow showed1 either by being cut down or barked1 that the ball had passed over the mark4 ,so on the pony and back to the tent to sleep or sulk out the next twelve hours4 ,somehow or other that pony1 generally so clever and pleasant1 was inclined to kick his toes against every stone1 and be perverse all the way home2 at any rate ,i fancied so1 and am ashamed to say that ,i gave him the spur1 or jerked the curb rein on the slightest pretence4 ,my people1 like all ,indians1 read the case thoroughly1 and trudged along without hazarding a remark on any subject4 ,we passed under the identical banian-tree and by the disgusting little black image described in the commencement of the story1 and never did ,i feel more indignant against all idolatry1 or more inclined to smash a ,hindoo god4 ,we also had to pass a small jungle village1 and1 as if on purpose1 it appeared that every man1 woman1 and child were posted to have a good look4 ,several of them who knew some of my party1 asked a hurried question1 and ,i could hear1 though ,i would not look1 that the answer was given--,had a shot1 but missed4 ,yes1 said ,i to myself1 quite true--why should ,i be angry8 ,here goes the man that missed an animal as big as a bullock at ten paces1--more power to his elbow6 ,the tent gained1 ,i was soon lying on my back on the bed kicking out my heels1 calling for breakfast1 and appearing to be very hungry1 or very sleepy1 or very any thing but what ,i was--mortified and disgusted4 ,breakfast over1 my good old ,shikaree was sent for1 and the whole affair gone over again4 ,the rain1 the unexpected time of night1 and above all1 the two first shots snicking1 and the third hanging fire being considered1 we two being judge and jury1 it was decided that not the slightest blame attached to the defendant1 who was too well known as a very fine shot to regard a mistake of this kind2 and1 moreover1 that as it was certain that the tiger was not hurt1 but only frightened1 there was strong reason for hoping that he would return at nightfall to the carcass4 ,men were therefore sent out to watch that the place should not in any way be disturbed1 or the dead cow touched or moved1 and ,i resigned myself to a pleasant sleep4 ,i awoke about three in the afternoon2 the guns had1 thanks to a good ,shikaree1 been washed1 dried1 and slightly oiled1 and were all laid on the table1 looking as if a month of rain would not make them miss fire4 ,a bath1 clean clothes1 guns loaded1 pony saddled--and once more off to try my luck4 ,the pony was active and cheerful1 and even the beastly image under the banian-tree did not look so grim4 ,on our arrival at the ground1 the half-wild fellows who had watched all day1 dropped down from their trees1 and reported that nothing had happened during the day1 and that the place had been undisturbed4 ,a few vultures appeared about midday and settled on the carcass1 but had been driven off2 further they had nothing to say4 ,they were referred to the tent for payment for their day's work1 and1 in due course1 took their departure with my people4 ,once more left alone6--this time quite alone1 for my poor companion of last night lay stiff and stark in the position ,i saw her fall1 when the tiger relinquished his hold4 ,alarmed by the already slightly smelling carrion1 or finding water elsewhere1 left by the down-pour of last night1 no peaceful or other living thing paid me a visit1 if ,i except some few crows1 who with heavy wings swept past1 or perched on neighboring trees1 cawing1 and winking their eyes1 and peering cautiously and inquisitively at the dead cow4 ,only one among the crew hovered and lighted on the dead beast's head2 but although he made several picks at the lips and eyes1 opening and shutting his wings the while on his strong1 sleek1 wiry-looking body1 and cawing lustily1 nobody heeded him2 so1 appearing to be alarmed at being solus in the scene1 he took his departure4 ,night succeeded day1 and the moon1 in unclouded beauty1 made the dark jungle a fairy scene4 ,there was but one drawback2 the cow lay dead1 the tiger had been fired at1 and experience whispered1 'the opportunity has gone by4' ,by-and-by a jackal passed1 like a shadow among the bushes1 so small-looking1 so much the color of all around1 that it remained a doubt2 more of these passed to and fro1 and then a bolder ventured on the plain sand1 and up to the rump of the dead beast1 took two or three hard tugging bites1 and was gone4 ,as the night grew later1 they became less fearful1 and half-a-dozen of them together were tugging and tearing1 till breaking the entrails1 the gas escaped in a loud rumbling1 which dispersed my friends among the bushes in a moment2 but they were almost immediately back1 and the confidence with which they went to work1 convinced me that my hope was hopeless4 ,it must have been eleven o'clock when my ears caught the echo among the rocks1 and then the distant roar--nearer--nearer--nearer2 and--oh1 joy6--answered4 ,tiger and tigress6--above all hope6--coming to recompense me for hundreds of night-watchings--to balance a long account of weary nights in the silent jungle1 in platforms on trees1 in huts of leaf and bramble1 and in damp pits on the water's edge--all bootless2--coming--coming--nearer1 and nearer4 ,music nor words1 dear reader1 can stand me in any stead to convey the sound to you2 the first note like the trumpet of a peacock1 and the rest the deepest toned thunder4 ,stones and gravel rattled just behind the hut on the path by which we came and went1 and a heavy stey passed and descended the slope into the nullah4 ,i heard the sand crunching under his weight before ,i dared look4 ,a little peep4 ,oh1 heavens6 looming in the moonlight1 there he stood1 long1 sleek as satin1 and lashing his tail--he stood stationary1 smelling the slaughtered cow4 ,no longer the cautious1 creeping tiger1 ,i felt how awful a brute he was to offend4 ,i remembered how he had worried a strong cow in half a minute1 and that with his weight alone my poor rickety little citadel would fall to pieces4 ,as if the excitement of the moment was insufficient1 the monster1 gazing down the dry watercourse1 caught sight of his companion1 who1 advancing up the bed of the nullah1 stood irresolutely about twenty yards off4 ,a terrific growl from him1 answered not loud but deeply1 and ,i was the strange and unsuspected witness to a catawauling which defies description--a monstrous burlesque on those concerts of tigers in miniature which are occasionally got up1 on a cold1 clear night1 in some of the squares in ,london1 when all the cats for half a mile around get by some queer accident into one area4 ,whether it is an axiom among tigers that possession is nine points of the law1 or the other monster was the weaker vessel1 ,i know not1 but ,i soon perceived that as my friend made more noise1 the other became more subdued1 and finally left the field1 and retired growling among the bushes4 ,the bully1 who was evidently the male1 after smelling at the head1 came round the carcass1 making a sort of complacent purring--humming a kind of animal song1 and to it he went tooth and nail4 ,as he stood with his two fore feet on the haunch1 while he tugged and tore out a beef-steak1 ,i once more grasped old ,sam ,nock1 and ran the muzzle out of the little port4 ,the white linen band marked a line behind his shoulders1 and rather low1 but1 from the continued motion of his body1 it was some moments before eye and finger agreed to pull trigger--bang6 ,a shower of sand rattled on the dry leaves1 and a roar of rage and pain satisfied me1 even before the white smoke which hung in the still air had cleared away1 to show the huge monster writhing and plunging where he had fallen4 ,either directed by the fire1 or by some slight noise made in the agitation of the moment1 he saw me1 and with a hideous yell1 scrambled up3 the roaring thunder of his voice filled the valley1 and the echoes among the hills answered it1 with the hootings of tribes of monkeys1 who1 scared out of sleep1 sought the highest branches1 at the sound of the well-known voice of the tyrant of the jungle4 ,i immediately perceived1 to my great joy1 that his hind-quarters were paralyzed and useless1 and that all danger was out of the question4 ,he sank down again on his elbows1 and as he rested his now powerless limbs1 ,i saw the blood welling out of a wound in the loins1 as it shone in the moonlight1 and trickled off his sleek-painted hide1 like globules of quicksilver4 ,as ,i looked into his countenance1 ,i saw all the devil alive there4 ,the will remained--the power only had gone4 ,it was a sight never to be forgotten4 ,with head raised to the full stretch of his neck1 he glared at me with an expression of such malignity1 that it almost made one quail4 ,i thought of the native superstition of singing off the whiskers of the newly-killed tiger to lay his spirit1 and no longer wondered at it4 ,with ears back1 and mouth bleeding1 he growled and roared in fitful uncertainty1 as if he were trying1 but unable1 to measure the extent of the force that had laid him low4 ,motionless myself1 provocation ceased1 and without further attempt to get on his legs1 he continued to gaze on me2 when ,i slowly lowered my head to the sight1 and again pulled trigger4 ,this time1 true to the mark1 the ball entered just above the breast-bone1 and the smoke cleared off with his death groan4 ,there he lay1 foot to foot with his victim of last night1 motionless--dead4 ,my first impulse was to tear down the door behind1 and get a thorough view of his proportions2 but remembering that his companion1 the tigress1 had only vanished a short time ago close to the scene of action1 ,i thought it as well to remain where ,i was2 so1 enlarging the windows with my hands1 ,i took a long look1 and then jovially attacked the coffee and brandy bottles1 without reference to noise1 and fell back on the mattress to sleep1 or to think the night's work over4 ,at last1 ,i have got him3 his skin will be pegged out to-morrow1 drying before the tent door4 ,when my people came in the morning1 they found me seated on the dead tiger4 ,coolies were sent for to carry the beast1 and ,i gave the pony his reins all the way back to the tent4 ,after breakfast1 the sound of tomtoms and barbarous music greeted our ears2 for the ,gooroo and half the little village had turned out1 and were bringing in the tiger like an ,irish funeral4 ,i had a chair brought out1 and under the shade of a fine tree superintended the skinning of the tiger2 and as ,i had had no sleep for the last two nights1 ,i determined to make holiday4 ,dined at half-past six1 and had a bottle of ,frederick ,giesler1 and the fumes of his glorious champagne inspired me3 ,the first rainy day1 ,i will put last night's adventure on paper1 and send it home to my old friend ,regina4 ,from ,bentley's ,miscellany4 ,a ,,visit ,,to ,,the ,,maid ,,of ,,athens4 ,,by ,,mrs4 ,,buxton ,,whalley4 ,buon giorno1 signora6 ,vi e veramente una bella citta6 ,ma1 dov' e la ,fenice8 ,such was the morning salutation of the ,venetian captain in command of the ,austrian ,loyd steamer which had conveyed us up the ,gulf of ,corinth1 as he pointed derisively to a collection of huts about a stone's throw from the shore1 and wondered what could induce any one1 voluntarily1 to abandon his sea ,cybele for such as these6 ,so few were they in number1 and so small in size1 that they had hitherto eluded our notice2 nevertheless1 they constituted1 insignificant as they appeared1 the town of ,lutraki4 ,the captain's interruption1 awakening us from a dream of ,gods and god-like men1 was as disagreeable as all such interruptions must be1 alike indicating ignorance1 and that want of sympathy1 which is its natural result4 ,but to the ,english traveller1 who now scarcely dares to hope to find a spot left on ,europe where he may look on ,nature1 unseared by cockneyfied sights and sounds1 it ought not to form a very serious subject for complaint4 ,to such an one1 sick of ,italian cities1 where his countrymen assemble but to parade their ennui and their vices1 as of ,german steamboats1 on the decks of which they listlessly throng1 dividing their glances pretty equally between castles and cutlets--a rock and a ragout--how invigorating is the first sight of ,greece1 in all its primitive and majestically tranquil simplicity6 ,and what a strangely felicitous epithet does that seem of voiceless bestowed by ,byron on those shores where nothing is heard1 save occasionally the plaintive cry of a sea-gull1 and the very gentlest murmur from the waves4 ,there1 may be observed in perfection the truth of ,chateaubriand's remark1 that1 le paysage n'est cree que par le soleil2 c' est la lumiere qui fait le paysage4 ,however1 our present purpose is to narrate a short episode in modern ,athenian life1 rather than to dwell on scenes with which genius even can but imperfectly familiarize the world1 either by pen or pencil4 ,near the solitary palm-tree1 which grows in the middle of the highway affecting to communicate#aa between ,athens and the ,piraeus1 a polygonal structure has been built1 which is entered through a dark1 narrow passage leading from the road in front to a yard at its rear4 ,a ladder fixed against the wall forms the usual mode of ingress to a very small room1 which on a certain carnival night1 not long ago1 was crowded by hats1 cloaks1 and ,greeks1 both male and female2 the former busily occupied in smoking1 the latter in concocting some indescribable liquid intended as a light refreshment to wearied dancers4 ,for the ,maid of ,athens--the quondam ,mariana ,macri--the actual ,mrs4 ,black1 was about to give a ball4 ,from the before-mentioned small entrance-room the guests passed into the principal saloon1 exactly coinciding in its strange shape with the exterior of the house4 ,at the upper end an open door revealed a bed1 on which shortly afterwards the orchestra1 consisting of two fiddlers1 took up their position1 with knees protruding into the ball-room4 ,every thing was of the rudest1 the most unadorned1 and ,robinson ,crusoe-like1 description4 ,at the first glance it became evident that the geraniums and ,grecian balms1 which an enthusiastic traveller once endeavored to magnify into waving aromatic plants1 had long ago withered from the hostess's possession1 never to be replaced4 ,but she1 the fairest flower of all1 with her two sisters1 still retain no inconsiderable remnants of beauty2 which is the more remarkable in a country where good looks vanish1 and age arrives1 so speedily4 ,indeed1 good looks at all are rare among the continental ,greek women2 the celebrated beauties being usually islanders1 and chiefly ,hydriotes4 ,mrs4 ,black was attired in her coquettish native costume1 consisting of a red fez1 profusely ornamented with gold embroidery1 placed on one side of the head2 a long flowing silk petticoat1 and a close-fitting1 dark velvet jacket4 ,a similar dress was worn by her sister1 ,madame ,pittakis1 the wife of the celebrated antiquary1 and guardian of the ,acropolis2 in virtue of which magnificent title he receives two drachmae 7about #as4 #g;d47 per head for admission to the ,parthenon4 ,the third ,grace1 being a widow1 was dressed entirely in black4 ,the company comprised a motley assemblage in ,frank1 and the varying provincial ,greek costumes1 diversified here and there by personages in ,king ,otho's uniform4 ,but the dancers of the beau sexe were extremely few1 and1 to say the least of them1 very indifferent performers4 ,however1 what they needed in skill and energy1 was amply made up by the vivacity of their graceful and vainglorious lords2 who1 despite the clouds of dust from the dirty floor1 and equally dirty shoes1 continued an almost ceaseless round of their national dance1 the ,romaika1 only pausing at intervals to recruit their strength with glasses of burning rakee1 the beverage most in demand4 ,those bowls of ,samian wine which figure so charmingly in poetry1 form1 alas6 but sorry items in prosaic matter-of-fact repasts2 and one feels1 indeed1 disposed to dash them any where but down one's throat4 ,of the dancers1 one of the most active was ,mrs4 ,black's son1 a handsome youth1 apparently about eighteen years of age2 together with her husband1 who1 from being a ,norfolk farmer1 is now elevated to the somewhat anomalous position of ,english ,professor at the ,athenian ,university4 ,the fair ,mariana herself is quiet and retiring2 and seemingly little anxious to profit by the factitious interest with which ,byron's transient admiration continues to invest her2 for1 in reply that night to a blundering ,englishman's point blank queries concerning the poet1 she answered1 ,non mi ricordo piu di lui4 ,soon after midnight the guests departed1 at the imminent hazard of breaking their necks1 either down ,mrs4 ,black's ladder1 or in the numerous holes that intervened between her residence and their respective abodes4 ,but we could not help thinking1 that1 uncouth as had been the entertainment1 it was more in accordance with the social position of a people whose ,ministers are not always competent to read or write1 and whose legislators occasionally enforce their political arguments by flinging their shoes in the faces of the opposition1 than the exotic civilization of the gaudy little court1 presided over by that loveliest of royal ladies1 ,queen ,amalia4 ,,footnotes3 #aa ,at the period of which ,i write1 this road1 although the principal approach to the capital1 was impassable1 and passengers pursued1 instead1 a devious and uncertain track through corn-fields1 ditches1 and the rocky bed of the ,cyphissus4 ,from the ,french of ,eugene de ,mirecourt1 ,,the ,,history ,,of ,a ,,rose ,the gallery parallel to the course of the ,seine1 and which joins the ,palace of the ,tuileries to the ,louvre1 was designed by ,philibert de l',orme1 and finished towards the end of #affc4 ,on the #aeth of ,january1 #affd1 ,louis the ,fourteenth descended into the vast greenhouses1 where his gardener1 ,le ,notre1 had collected from all parts of the world the rarest and most beautiful plants and flowers4 ,the air was soft and balmy as that of spring-time in the south4 ,at the right of the great monarch stood ,colbert1 silently revolving gigantic projects of state2 at the left was ,lauzun1 that ambitious courtier1 who1 not possessing sufficient tact to discern royal hatred under the mask of court favor1 was afterwards destined to expiate1 at ,pignerol1 the crime of being more amiable and handsomer than the king4 ,messieurs1 said ,louis1 showing to his companions a long and richly-laden avenue of orange trees1 are not these a noble present from our ancient enemy1 ,philip the ,fourth1 now our father-in-law8 ,he has rifled his own gardens to deck the ,tuileries2 and the ,infanta1 we hope1 when walking beneath these trees1 will cease to regret the shade of the ,escurial4 ,sire1 said ,colbert gravely1 the ,queen mourns a much greater loss--that of your majesty's affections4 ,parbleu6 exclaimed ,lauzun1 gayly2 in order to lose any thing1 one must first have possessed it4 ,now1 if ,i don't mistake1-- ,silence6 ,m4 le ,duc4 ,m4 de ,colbert1 my marriage was the work of ,mazarin--quite sufficient to guarantee that the heart was not consulted4 ,the minister bowed1 without replying4 ,as to you1 ,m4 de ,lauzun1 continued the king1 beware1 henceforward1 how you forget that ,maria ,theresa is ,queen of ,france1 and that the nature of our feelings towards her is not to be made a subject of discussion4 ,sire1 forgive my-- ,enough6 interrupted ,louis1 approaching a man1 who1 unmindful of the king's presence1 had taken off his coat1 in order the more easily to prune a tall flowering shrub4 ,this was the celebrated gardener1 ,le ,notre4 ,absorbed in some unpleasant train of thought1 he had not heeded the approach of visitors1 and continued to mutter and grumble to himself1 while diligently using the pruning-knife4 ,what6 out of humor8 asked ,louis4 ,without resuming his coat1 the gardener cried eagerly--,sire1 justice6 ,this morning1 the ,queen ,dowager's maids of honor came hither1 and1 in spite of my remonstrances1 did an infinity of mischief4 ,see this ,american magnolia1 the only one your ,majesty possesses4 ,well1 ,sire1 they cut off its finest blossoms3 neither oranges nor roses could escape them4 ,happily ,i succeeded in hiding from them my favorite child--my beautiful rose-tree1 which ,i have nursed with so much care1 and which will live for fifty years1 provided care be taken not to allow it to produce more than one rose in the season4 ,then pointing to the plant of which he spoke1 ,le ,notre continued3 ',tis the hundred-leaved rose1 ,sire6 ,hitherto ,i have saved it from pillage2 but ,i protest1 if such conduct can be renewed4 ,come1 come6 interposed the monarch1 we must not be too hard on young girls4 ,they are like butterflies1 and love flowers4 ,morbleu6 ,sire1 butterflies don't break boughs1 and eat oranges6 ,louis deigned to smile at this repartee4 ,tell us1 he said1 who were the culprits8 ,all the ladies1 ,sire6 ,yet1 no4 ,i am wrong4 ,there was one young creature1 as fresh and lovely as this very rose1 who did not imitate her companions4 ,the poor child even tried to comfort me1 while the others were tearing my flowers3 they called her ,louise4 ,it was ,mademoiselle de la ,valliere1 said ,lauzun1 the young person whom your ,majesty remarked yesterday in attendance on ,madame ,henriette4 ,she shall have her reward1 said ,louis4 ,let ,mademoiselle de la ,valliere be the only maid of honor invited to the ball to be given here to-night4 ,a ball6 ,ah1 my poor flowers6 cried ,le ,notre1 clasping his hands in despair4 ,colbert ventured to remind his ,majesty that he had promised to give an audience that evening to two architects1 ,claude ,perrault and ,liberal ,bruant2 of whom1 the first was to bring designs for the ,observatory2 the second1 a plan for the ,hotel des ,invalides4 ,receive these gentlemen yourself1 replied the king2 while we are dancing1 ,m4 de ,colbert will labor for our glory2 posterity will never be the wiser6 ,only1 in order to decorate these bare walls1 have the goodness to send to the manufactory of the ,gobelins1 which you have just established1 for some of the beautiful tapestry you praise so highly4 ,accordingly1 to the utter despair of ,le ,notre1 the ball took place in the greenhouses1 metamorphosed1 as if by magic1 into a vast gallery1 illumined by a thousand lustres1 sparkling amid flowers and precious stones4 ,each fragrant orange-tree bore wax-lights amid its branches1 and many lovely faces gleamed amongst the flowery thickets2 while bright eyes watched the footsteps of the mighty master of the revel4 ,the cutting north-east wind blew outside2 poor wretches shivered on the pavement2 but what did that matter while the court danced and laughed amid trees and flowers1 and breathed the soft sweet summer air8 ,maria ,theresa did not mingle in the scene4 ,timid and retiring1 the young ,queen fled from the noisy gayety of the court1 and usually remained with her aunt1 the ,queen ,mother4 ,on this occasion1 therefore1 the ball was presided over by ,madame ,henriette1 and by ,olympia ,mancini1 ,countess of ,soissons4 ,the gentle ,la ,valliere kept1 modestly1 in the background1 until espied by the ,king1 beneath the magnolia1 which her companions had so recklessly despoiled of its flowers1 and which had cost them exclusion from the fete4 ,the next moment the hand of ,louise trembled in that of her sovereign2 for ,louis the ,fourteenth had chosen the maid of honor for his partner in the dance4 ,at the close of the evening1 ,le ,notre1 who had received private orders1 brought forward his favorite rose-tree1 transplanted into a richly-gilded vase4 ,the poor man looked like a criminal approaching the place of execution4 ,he laid the flower on a raised step near the throne2 and on the front of its vase every one read the words which had formerly set ,olympus in a flame--,to the most beautiful6 ,many rival belles grew pale when they heard the ,duc de ,lauzun ordered by ,louis to convey the precious rose-tree into the apartment of ,mademoiselle de la ,valliere4 ,but ,le ,notre rejoiced1 for the fair one gave him leave to come each day and attend to the welfare of his beloved flower4 ,the rose-tree soon became to the favorite a mysterious talisman by which she estimated the constancy of ,louis the ,fourteenth4 ,she watched with anxiety all its changes of vegetation1 trembling at the fall of a leaf1 and weeping whenever a new bud failed to replace a withered blossom4 ,louise had yielded her erring heart to the dreams of love1 not to the visions of ambition4 ,tender1 and ashamed of being so1 as ,madame de ,sevigne has described her1 the young girl mourned for her fault at the foot of the altar4 ,remorse punished her for her happiness2 and more than once has the priest1 who read first mass at the chapel of ,versailles1 turned at the sound of stifled sobs proceeding from the royal recess1 and seen there a closely-veiled kneeling figure4 ,the fallen angel still remembered heaven4 ,thus passed ten years4 ,at their end1 the rose-tree might be seen placed on a magnificent stand in the ,palace of ,st4 ,germain2 but despite of ,le ,notre's constant care1 the flower bent sadly on its blighted stem4 ,near it the ,duchess de la ,valliere 7for so she had just been created7 was weeping bitterly4 ,her most intimate friend1 ,francoise ,athenais de ,montemar1 ,comtesse de ,montespan1 entered1 and exclaimed1 ,what1 weeping1 ,louise6 ,has not the ,king just given you the tabouret as a fresh proof of his love8 ,without replying1 ,la ,valliere pointed to her rose4 ,what an absurd superstition6 cried ,madame de ,montespan1 seating herself near her friend4 ',tis really childish to fancy that the affections of a ,monarch should follow the destiny of a flower4 ,come1 child1 she continued1 playfully slapping the fair mourner's hands with her fan1 you know you are always adorable1 and why should you not be always adored6 ,because another has had the art to supplant me4 ,athenais bit her lip4 ,louise had at length discovered that her pretended friend was seeking to undermine her4 ,on the previous evening the ,king had conversed for a long time with ,madame de ,montespan in the ,queen's apartments4 ,he had greatly enjoyed her clever mimicry of certain court personages2 and when ,la ,valliere had ventured to reproach him tenderly1 he had replied-- ,louise1 you are silly2 your rose-tree speaks untruly when it calumniates me4 ,none but ,athenais1 to whom alone it had been confided1 could have betrayed the secret4 ,and now1 at the entrance of her rival1 la ,valliere hastened to dry up her tears1 but not so speedily as to prevent the other from perceiving them4 ,her feigned caresses1 and ill-disguised tone of triumph1 provoked ,louise to let her see that she discerned her treachery4 ,but ,athenais pretended not to feel the shaft4 ,supplant you1 dear ,louise6 she said in a tone of surprise2 it would be difficult to do that1 ,i should think1 when the ,king is wholly devoted to you6 ,rising with a careless air1 she approached the rose-tree1 drew from her glove an almost invisible phial1 and1 with a rapid gesture1 poured on its footstalk the corrosive liquid which the tiny flask contained4 ,this was the third time that ,madame de ,montespan had practised this unworthy manoeuvre1 unknown to the sorrowful favorite1 who1 as her insidious rival well knew1 would believe the infidelity of the ,king1 only on the testimony of his precious gift4 ,next morning1 ,le ,notre found the rose-tree quite dead4 ,the poor old man loved it as if it had been his child1 and his eyes were filled with tears as he carried it to its mistress4 ,then ,louise felt1 indeed1 that no hope remained4 ,pale and trembling1 she took a pair of scissors1 cut off the withered blossom1 and placed it under a crystal vase4 ,afterwards she prayed to ,heaven for strength to fulfil the resolution she had made4 ,the age of ,louis the ,fourteenth passed away1 with its glory and with its crimes4 ,france had now reached that disastrous epoch1 when famine and pestilence mowed down the peaceful inhabitants1 and ,marlborough and ,prince ,eugene cut the royal army to pieces on the frontiers4 ,one day1 the death-bell tolled from a convent tower in the ,rue ,st4 ,jacques1 and two long files of female ,carmelites bore1 to her last dwelling1 one of the sisters of their strict and silent order4 ,when the last offices were finished1 and all the nuns had retired to their cells1 an old man came and knelt beside the quiet grave4 ,his trembling hand raised a crystal vase which had been placed on the stone2 he took from beneath it a withered rose1 which he pressed to his lips1 and murmured1 in a voice broken by sobs3-- ,poor heart6 ,poor flower6 ,the old man was ,le ,notre2 and the ,carmelite nun1 buried that morning1 was ,sister ,louise de la ,misericorde1 formerly ,duchesse de la ,valliere4 ,from the ,london ,times4 ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,stuart ,,of ,,dunleath4#ab ,the story is truthful1 plaintive1 and full of beauty4 ,at a very early age ,eleanor ,raymond loses her father1 who has held a high appointment in ,india1 and news of his death is brought while she is still a child to her mother's house in ,england4 ,the bearer of the sad intelligence is ,david ,stuart1 of ,dunleath1 the penniless representative of a ruined ,scottish house4 ,david had been secretary to ,sir ,john ,raymond1 whose eyes he had closed1 and he comes to the widow recommended to her sisterly love1 and the appointed guardian of her youthful daughter4 ,lady ,raymond1 it must be added1 had been previously married1 and is the mother of a burly sailor1 promoted by ,sir ,john's interest1 and at sea at the time of his stepfather's death4 ,we need not stay to dwell upon the feeble helplessness1 physical and mental1 of her ,ladyship1 or to contrast it with the overbearing disposition of her son1 whose strong attachment to his mother is the redeeming feature of his character4 ,the young ex-secretary and present guardian proceeds to the fulfilment of his duty1 as it seems1 with a conscientious mind4 ,his ward is an heiress1 and will be surrounded with trials of many kinds4 ,she is fair to behold1 ingenuous1 trustful1 is neglected by her surviving parent1--less from want of affection than from lack of interest--who1 then1 so suited for monitor and instructor both1 as the highly-disciplined and well-informed ,stuart himself8 ,david has been a great traveller1 has read much1 and observed more4 ,his intellect is commanding1 and he is noble in form4 ,he notes the quickness of his ward1 is captivated by her girlish enthusiasm and untiring zeal4 ,he will engage no masters when he can teach so accurately himself4 ,she requires no instructors but the master from whom she learns so willingly and so well4 ,perilous devotion of a teacher 7it may be of twenty7 with so fond a pupil1 though her years number but ten6 ,what man of twenty-eight ever thought himself old in the presence of a maiden of eighteen8 ,what girl of eighteen ever deemed herself too young to be wooed and won by a man of twenty-eight8 ,for eight years guardian and ward live under one roof1 partaking of the same influences1 the same pleasures1 the same daily occupations1 and divided from all around them by the superiority of their own minds and the congeniality of their pursuits4 ,pity the poor country girl in constant presence of that cultivated intellect1 fine understanding1 and beaming countenance1 never weary of smiling on her life4 ,what wonder that as the flower expands in beauty it gradually unfolds to blissful consciousness8 ,eleanor secretly loves her guardian1 and glories in the passion4 ,he is poor1 but she is rich beyond her wishes1 did her wishes comprehend aught else but the desire to make him happy4 ,dunleath has passed from ,david ,stuart's family4 ,eleanor has listened a thousand times to her guardian's fond regrets for his lost inheritance1 and to the descriptions of that once happy home1 the memory of which ,stuart carries about with him to darken his best and brightest hours4 ,what privilege to restore the coveted possession to its natural owner1 and to enrich herself by parting with the gift6 ,what happiness for the wife of ,david ,stuart to bring back the smile to his cheek1 and to purchase a joy for him for ever6 ,sweet dreamer6 ,she dreams on1 until reality begins4 ,her education ends4 ,she goes at the instance of her mother and half-brother to ,london4 ,she takes up her abode with a friend of her guardian's1 the ,lady ,margaret ,fordyce1 and enters upon ,london life4 ,lady ,margaret is a widow1 young1 benevolent1 and beautiful4 ,the fame of ,eleanor's wealth is soon known to fortune-hunters1 and suitors crowd about her4 ,one1 ,sir ,stephen ,penrhyn1 a coarse1 sensual1 and brutal personage1 captivated by her beauty1 and sufficiently wealthy himself1 proposes in proper form4 ,godfrey1 the half-brother1 explains to ,david ,stuart that ,eleanor's family approve the match1 and require his formal consent to the union4 ,stuart sends for ,eleanor4 ,he points out to her the advantages of the marriage and the wishes of her friends4 ,the child trembles4 ,she cannot marry1 she hurriedly says1 a man whom she does not love1 and moreover she has seen another whom she prefers4 ,stuart has only one question to ask4 ,is that other rich8 ,he has no more1 replies ,eleanor1 than my father bequeathed to you4 ,stuart's heart beats guiltily as she speaks of her father's bounty1 and1 with a meaning which the girl fails to interpret1 he anxiously bids her mention the favored man's name4 ,the effort is too intense--her heart is nigh to bursting--she faints1 and her mother enters her apartment to find her senseless in the arms of her tutor4 ,the last object ,eleanor beholds from her window that night1 is ,david ,stuart1 looking up1 with folded arms1 to her room4 ,she rises the next morning to find that ,stuart has suddenly quitted the house1 having left a sealed letter for her perusal4 ,she reads it4 ,the whole brilliant fabric of her girlhood tumbles down to earth long before she reaches its close4 ,david ,stuart loves her not4 ,he is ignorant of her strong affection4 ,he has dissipated her whole vast fortune4 ,with the hope of realizing a sum sufficient to win back ,dunleath1 he has been tempted to speculations which have beggared his confiding ward4 ,he recommends marriage with ,sir ,stephen ,penrhyn1 and takes leave of her for ever1 for he has resolved upon self-murder4 ,he asks her to approach the adjacent river on some day of peace and sunshine hereafter--the river which they have so often visited together in sunshine before--to breathe out forgiveness for him there1 if she will1 and then to forget him4 ,a search is made near the spot indicated4 ,a torn handkerchief hangs on one of the leafless branches2 the river is dragged1 but the body is not found4 ,eleanor knows ,david ,stuart is dead1 and the knowledge gives color and shape to her remaining days4 ,ruin has overtaken the family of ,eleanor ,raymond1 but ,sir ,stephen ,penrhyn is still content with his bargain4 ,he proposed for the person1 not for the fortune of ,eleanor1 and he will take her1 beggared as she is4 ,eleanor's mother needs a home4 ,to give her a sanctuary1 ,eleanor consents to become ,lady ,penrhyn4 ,what blessing can attend the union8 ,she gives birth to twins1 one a sickly boy1 the other ruddy1 strong1 and full of health4 ,they grow up to become the mother's last and best consolation1 and then she loses both by a violent death at one and the same moment4 ,sir ,stephen has a remedy for parental sorrow1 which but increases the great woe of ,eleanor4 ,what need to refer to it8 ,eleanor passes the lodge gate on her estate one day to be made aware of her husband's gross infidelity1 and to behold living evidences of his guilt4 ,is her cup of sorrow full8 ,not yet4 ,she utters no complaint1 but bears her yoke of suffering meekly and resignedly1 waiting patiently and beseechingly1 rather than with murmurs1 for the hour of dismissal4 ,light1 however1 is to gleam upon the checkered path before the journey closes4 ,another eight years may have elapsed since ,david ,stuart took his last leave of ,eleanor1 and a stranger presents himself with unexpected news4 ,sir ,stephen is from home1 and a traveller has arrived at his house1 with a letter from a distant country4 ,wondrous disclosure6 ,stuart lives6 ,mercifully saved on the night on which he attempted suicide1 he proceeded to ,america1 where by dint of years of steady exertion and co-operation with the authors of his former great calamity he contrived to re-establish the affairs of the bankrupt house with which he had connected himself1 and to recover the whole of ,eleanor's sacrificed patrimony4 ,the bearer of the letter1 ,mr4 ,stuart's confidential agent1 is authorized to restore her fortune1 and to communicate all particulars respecting his past history4 ,oh1 to see the man who had lately seen him living and safe in far off ,america6 ,she hurries to meet him1 and grasps the hand of--,david ,stuart4 ,when ,sir ,stephen comes home1 at ,mr4 ,stuart's earnest request and against the wish of ,eleanor1 the guardian is introduced as ,mr4 ,lindsay4 ,nothing1 he says1 is to be gained by self-betrayal1 the more especially as he intends shortly to return to his adopted home4 ,but before ,stuart can make up his mind to departure1 he is made aware1 first of a circumstance which it is much to be wondered has never occurred to him before1 viz43 the former perfect uncalculating devotion of his ward2 and then of the more poignant fact that misery1 suffering1 insult1 and cruelty had attended her whole married life4 ,intolerable injury reaches its height6 ,sir ,stephen brings his bastards into his house1 and commands his wife to show them respect4 ,wild with sorrow and indignation1 she is advised by ,stuart of ,dunleath to leave her home1 to go to ,london1 to seek a lawyer of eminence1 and to sue for a divorce4 ,that obtained1 then will come1 after much delay1 that happier future1 of which the counsellor dares not trust himself to speak4 ,the resolve is taken1 the journey is made4 ,but time brings reflection1 and reflection1 reason4 ,it is not her husband's sin that took her from his roof1 but the visionary sin of her own love2 it was the desire to swear at the altar of ,god to be true to ,david ,stuart till death1 that prompted her to plan her breaking of her first vow4 ,she will not undo that vow to indulge her own undying love4 ,still urged by ,david ,stuart to the act1 she resists the great temptation1 and retires meekly into solitude1 to pay the full penalty of her submission to the call of virtue4 ,to return to the pollution of her husband's house is not to be thought of4 ,to partake of sin with ,david ,stuart is a suggestion not more to be tolerated in her pure and agitated soul4 ,one other drop1 and the cup is full indeed4 ,we have spoken of ,lady ,margaret ,fordyce1 but we have thought it unnecessary to mingle the history of that admirable person with the main current of our narrative4 ,lady ,margaret1 as we have said1 is an old friend of ,mr4 ,david ,stuart4 ,she has taken a sisterly interest in the career of ,eleanor1 but has never ascertained from her the secret of her early and pure affection for her guardian4 ,inheriting a goodly fortune1 the first care of ,lady ,margaret is to purchase the estate of ,dunleath4 ,she is not long mistress of it before the recovered property is in the hands of the man who1 in his youth1 became a criminal in order to possess it4 ,david ,stuart marries ,lady ,margaret ,fordyce4 ,eleanor receives the intelligence while she is languishing abroad under the care of her foster-brother and his wife4 ,the news goes silently to her heart as a lancet might travel thither1 giving no external indication of the mortal wound inflicted4 ,but the blood flows unseen within1 and life stops1 as it needs must1 from the cruel laceration4 ,eleanor dies--still without a murmur4 ,she had borne daily outrage from her husband1 and confined the knowledge of her wrongs to her own bosom4 ,she owed her sufferings to the first great fault of her guardian1 yet she would never listen to one unkind word against his memory when she deemed him lost1 and her love for him suffered no tarnish at any time for his offence4 ,shall she complain now that he is happy1 and is master of ,dunleath8 ,she dies indeed broken-hearted1 but good1 gentle1 uncomplaining1 and forgiving1 to the last4 ,the characters that move in the various scenes that make up this melancholy play are sketched out with a skilful and well disciplined hand1 and are creditable to the authoress's creative powers4 ,great knowledge of human nature is indicated throughout the work4 ,there is nothing overdrawn2 the plot is natural1 and the style fluent and poetical4 ,a word or two are necessary before we close1 with reference to one remarkable phenomenon in connection with a leading personage in the drama4 ,by a singular coincidence1 not only ,mrs4 ,norton1 but every person in the book1 is in perfect ignorance of a fact that is present to our mind almost from the first page to the last4 ,david ,stuart1 of ,dunleath1 we grieve to say1 is not only a very selfish gentleman1 but a most accomplished rascal1 yet not a human creature1 but the reader and ourselves1 has the least idea of it4 ,just look at him6 ,appointed the guardian of a helpless girl1 he makes away with her fortune in a fruitless endeavor to enrich himself4 ,he hears from the maiden's own lips that her heart is irrevocably bestowed upon a man whom she adores1 yet he coolly recommends her to form an alliance with a brute for whom she cares nothing at all1 in order that she may recover the wealth of which he1 the adviser1 has deliberately robbed her4 ,returning to ,england1 and taking up his residence with the husband of his ward1 he places the poor girl in a cruelly false position1 and all but blasts her reputation1 by compelling her to keep a secret1 the communicating which could at the worst only occasion him a very trifling inconvenience4 ,quitting the husband's house1 and learning quite soon enough for the lady's happiness that he had been the object of ,eleanor's early choice1 he advises an action for divorce1 promising his hand in the event of a triumphant verdict4 ,finding the wife more honest than himself1 he smothers his affection and looks elsewhere for crumbs of comfort4 ,he finds them at the table of ,lady ,margaret ,fordyce1 whom he condescendingly weds1 because1 we are compelled to suppose1 she has ,dunleath to throw into the bargain4 ,that ,stuart is unnaturally described we will not say2 but that ,mrs4 ,norton should be so profoundly ignorant of his faults--should take such pains to hold him up as a high-minded gentleman--that ,lady ,margaret should imagine him a paragon of perfection and positively adore him--that her brother1 the ,duke of ,lanark1 should be fond of him1--and that an incalculable amount of respect and love should be thrown away by all parties concerned upon so worthless an object is1 we must confess1 somewhat disgusting in an age when even the highest merit fails too often of securing its deserts4 ,one good action alone saves ,david ,stuart from utter detestation4 ,he recovered and restored the fortune of ,eleanor ,raymond--but many a transported forger has been capable of heroism as lofty1 with incitements to honesty about as pure4 ,,footnotes3 #ab ,stuart of ,dunleath3 by ,mrs4 ,norton4 ,new-,york1 ,harpers1 #ahea4 ,authors and ,books4 ,the student of classic mythology1 who loves with ,hammer ,purgstall and ,kreutzer to dive into the oriental depths of ancient myths1 will welcome the recent appearance of a work by ,,ludwig ,,mercklin1 entitled ,die ,talos-,sage1 und das ,sardonische ,lachen4 ,the story of ,talus1 and the ,sardonic ,laughter--a contribution to the history of ,grecian legend and art--,st4 ,petersburg and ,leipsic1 #ahea4 ,in this work we learn that the ,cretan ,talus was beyond doubt the ,phoenician sun-god1 and that he was identical with the ,athenian of the same name4 ,the ,cretan ,talus1 according to the mythological account1 was a brazen image1 which ,vulcan gave to ,minos1 or ,jupiter to ,europa4 ,he defended the island by heating himself in the fire and embracing his enemies4 ,more literal commentators have attempted to prove that ,talus was a brazen statue or beacon1 like the ,colossus of ,rhodes1 placed by the ,phoenicians on the ,cretan promontory4 ,the ,athenian ,talus1 inventor of the compass and saw1 was slain by his uncle ,daedalus1 who was envious of his talent4 ,the gods changed him to a partridge4 ,after identifying the twain1 ,mercklin attempts to prove that the elements of this myth are to be sought in the ancient dogmas of lustration1 and that they may be still further referred to the worship of ,apollo4 ,in connection with this ,talus legend1 he closely scrutinizes the account of the so called ,sardonic laughter1 and its relation to the same religious rites4 ,in conclusion1 he discusses those ancient works of art which illustrate this subject1 namely1 the medals of ,phaistos and the celebrated vase of ,ruvo1 of which he gives a new1 and on the whole certainly correct account4 ,in connection with this work we may notice another which appeared in ,april1 entitled ,bellerophon1 by ,,herman ,,alex4 ,,fischer4 ,from the subject we infer that this ,fischer is identical with ,vischer who published three years ago one of the best ,a,esthetics on philosophies of art1 ever written even in ,germany4 ,we are told in a short notice1 that the author attempts1 by a study of the myth of ,bellerophon and those works of art relating to it1 including the etymological signification of the name1 to establish the identity of ,bellerophon with the sun-god4 ,greek3 ,phontes is by him derived or varied from ,greek3 ,thantes and ,greek3 ,bellero1 explained as identical with ,greek3 ,helios1 ,greek3 ele1 ,greek3 selas1 and ,greek3 selene4 99 99 99 99 99 ,some anonymous scribbler in ,berlin has recently put forth a treatise on free trade1 entitled ,tempus omnia revelat3 of which a reviewer1 in conjecturing the cause of its publication1 remarks1 that as it treats generally of every thing else besides free trade1 it is probable that the ,free ,trade ,union have not deemed it worth while to hear him through4 99 99 99 99 99 ,among the more recent curiosities of ,german medical literature1 we find that ,,jos4 ,,heinrich ,,beisen of ,quedlinburg1 has written a work on homoepathy as applicable to the diseases of swine4 ,j4 ,,hoppe of ,magdeburg1 has set forth another1 entitled ,linen and cotton ,garments considered in a medical light1 which is highly recommended by a competent judge4 ,c4 ,,gerold1 of ,vienna1 publishes for the ,count 7and physician--we know not which is the more honorable title7--,,von ,,feuchtersleben1 a singular book1 entitled ,zur ,diaetetik der ,seele1 ,valere aude6 which is not1 however1 as one might infer from the title1 a theory of the method whereby the health of the soul itself may be preserved2 but the art of regulating our physical well being by a correct management and strengthening of our mental powers4 ,count ,feuchtersleben had already attained a reputation as a writer1 and the work referred to1 though in many particulars superficial1 is not without merit4 ,last and least1 ,dr4 ,,gideon ,,brecher1 hospital physician at ,pressnitz1 publishes through ,asher ,co41 in ,berlin1 an octavo on ,transcendental ,magic1 and the supernatural methods of curing ,disease1 as given in the ,talmud1 in which he enters largely into ,theo-,daemon and ,angelology2 as well as dreams1 visions1 biblical seraphims1 cosmic and magic influences of the soul1 with a scattering fire of amulets1 spells and charms4 ,we congratulate the medical faculty on this important addition to the literature of the healing art4 99 99 99 99 99 ,no department of ancient art is more interesting1 or indeed more necessary to the student1 than that relating to theatres and other aids to the practical illustration of dramatic art4 ,no characteristic of modern continental life1 is so striking to the traveller as the earnestness with which the opera is discussed by all classes1 and its powerful influence upon social life in nearly every relation4 ,but even the earnest attention which is directed at the present day in ,naples or ,vienna to some new incarnation of the all governing spirit of amusement1 is nothing when compared with the same as it existed among the ancients1 to whom it was literally life4 ',panem et circenses'--bread and the public games--with these the ,roman citizen of the later empire1 like the modern lazzarone1 with his maccaroni and ,san ,carlino1 could dream away life and be happy4 ,mindful of the importance of this branch of ancient art in its manifold relations1 ,,fried4 ,,wieseler has recently set forth a book1#ac declared by competent authority to be the best in the world on this subject4 ,he has chosen judiciously from the immense mass of material extant2 and according to the prescribed limits conveyed all the information possible4 ,the first part of the work embraces a series of well executed plans and outlines of ancient theatres1 of different countries and ages1 with every requisite detail1 followed by engravings and descriptions of every particular pertaining to the representation of plays4 ,this is succeeded by an admirable collection of masks1 scenes1 figures and costumes1 illustrative not only of the ancient drama1 but also of its subdivisions of comedy1 tragedy1 the satyr-drama and the ,italian phylace1 with singing and music4 ,the illustrations are admirably accurate--more particularly the colored plates of the ,cyrenaean wall paintings1 and the mosaics of the ,vatican1 by which the rare and costly work of ,,milli is rendered unnecessary4 ,more than one eminent ,german authority speaks in terms of high praise1 of the accuracy and unwearied erudition which characterize the accompanying test4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the second and third parts of the ,holzschnitte ,deruehmter ,meister1 or woodcuts of celebrated masters1 have made their appearance1 containing1 #ast4 smaller woodcuts by ,hans ,holbein the younger 7,a4 ,d41 #adih-aeed71 being selections from the ,dance of ,death1 and the ,peasants' and ,children's ,alphabets2 #b;d4 a large engraving after ,michael ,wohlzemuth 7#adcd-aeai71 being the ,glorification of ,christ1 and a ,madonna and child of ,hans ,buerkmayer's2 also1 from the ,dutch school1 after ,dirk de ,bray 7ob4 #afhj71 a portrait of the artist's father1 and the celebrated engraving of ,rembrandt's1 known as the philosopher with the hour-glass4 ,for the information of artists we mention that these copies are executed with exquisite accuracy1 and that the work1 though gotten up in every particular in the most elegant manner1 is afforded at a very moderate price4 99 99 99 99 99 ,recent ,german poetry offers little for remark4 ,,tellkampf has published a poem in hexameters in the style of ,goethe's ,hermann and ,dorothea1 founded upon an incident in the battle of ,leipsic1 called ,irmengard4 ,it has passed into a second edition4 ,,emil ,,leonhard1 a poet not unknown1 has written a poem upon ,buerger1 whose wild life had already furnished ,mueller subject for a romance and ,mosenthal for a drama1 and which is too unpleasant to be made attractive even by the poetic talent of ,leonhard4 ,we note1 however an interesting work1 entitled ,prussia's ,mirror of ,honor1 a collection of ,prussian national songs1 from the earliest period to the year #ahdj4 ,they have much allusion to old ,fritz1 and are interesting as an indication of the popular feeling1 which is always expressed in such songs1 toward that national hero4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an interesting contribution to contemporary history is ,i4 ,,venedy',s ,schleswig-,holstein in #ahej4 ,a diary4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,herman ,,fritsche1 of ,leipsig1 has recently published a work by one ,,sohnland ,,schubauer1 entitled ,consecrated souvenirs of the virtues of our earliest ancestors3 ,collected with the aid of a ,philologist4 ,this book we are told contains 7though we should never have inferred it from the title71 a collection and explanation of old ,german proper names1 both masculine and feminine4 ,the author in his preface gives it as his opinion that since the introduction of ,christianity a dreadful thousand-year-long night has brooded over ,germany1 and that the best method of dissipating this darkness1 would be to revive the old ,german proper names6 ,the poet discovers the sanctity of these primitive ,german names in the holy star-night1 and he will1 the higher these rise to the ideal1 find in them a full accord with holy nature4 ,his principal sources are the verbal assertions of ,dr4 ,,alex4 ,,vollmer3 for example in page #ast1 where he questions whether ,,anno signifies a year1 and decides that it is originally ,german1 from an1 un and unst2 to which add a ,g1 whence results ,gunst1 meaning good fortune1 success1 or favor6--a bit of ingenuity which reminds us of several scraps of ,horne ,tooke's comic philology1 as well as the glove-maker's motto1 ,kunst macht ,gunst--skill makes 7or wins7 success4 ,dr4 ,vollmer is an amiable and hard-working scholar of immense erudition1 and possessed of a boundless enthusiasm on the subject of early ,german and ,gothic dialects4 ,we regret that his learning should be lent to the support of such singular vagaries4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,carl ,,gutzkow1 who seemed by his first literary failure1 the ,walley1 in #ahce1 to have sunk irretrievably1 but has since risen to a brilliant eminence by the publication of ,uriel ,akasta1 the ,zopf und ,schwert1 and other writings1 has recently put forth another1 noticed as the ,ritter von ,geiste4 ,g4 ,,reimer at ,berlin1 has published the first volume of a second edition of ,b,oe,c,k,h',s inestimable work1 ,die ,staatshaushaltung der ,athener--the political economy of the ,athenians4 ,prof4 ,,ant4 ,,gubitz1 the celebrated wood engraver1 publisher of an annual comic almanac1 and in fact the father of all the popular ,german illustrated almanacs of the present day1 has written and published three dramas1 entitled ,the ,emperor ,henry and his ,sons1 ,sophonisba1 and ,johann der ,ziegler4 99 99 99 99 99 ,macchiavelli und der ,gang der ,europaeischen ,politik 7,macchiavelli1 and the ,course of ,european ,policy71 by ,,theodore ,,mundt1 is the last discussion of the political system of the ,regent of the ,devil4 ,the doctrines of ,the ,prince ,herr ,mundt supposes have influenced the late reactionary events in ,germany1 and he thinks that work will again be the favorite text-book of despots4 ,his exposition of the character and doctrines of ,machiavelli1 and his influence on ,european policy1 is an interesting historical study4 ,the ,german press is no less prolific of novels than that of ,england and ,america4 ,we observe the last month ,stories and ,pictures from the ,bohemian ,forest1 by ,,joseph ,,rank1 a romance of provincial life1 not without interest2 ,the ,children of ,god1 by ,,max ,,ring1 a story of the court of ,augustus the ,strong1 and of the origin of the sect of the ,herrnhutters4 ,its sketches of character are called sprightly and successful4 ,the ,castle of ,ronceaux1 from an old manuscript1 is an episode from the history of the ,huguenot war4 ,a piquant title is that of ,madame ,,ida ,,von ,,duringsfeld',s book1 ,a ,pension 7boarding-house7 upon the ,lake of ,geneva1 two ,romances in one house1 which recalls the stories of the ,countess ,hahn-,hahn before she ceased writing pleasant tales for us1 and began histories of religious experience4 ,but with less talent1 the present author has more knowledge of men4 ,the book is sent la ,politique a little too much4 ,but ,german ladies who write books love to say a word in them about every thing4 ,a ,pilgrim and his ,companions is still another romance1 by ,,lorenzo ,,dieffenbach1 not of a religions tone1 as the title suggests1 but purely political4 ,it is a story of the ,german ,march-,days1 the days of ,revolution4 ,the author is bold and large in thought1 but the want of sharp outline in his characters indicates the poor or unpractised artist4 ,the ,oath is the appropriately melodramatic title of a romance of the ,venetian ,inquisition1 by ,,david4 ,it is well written1 simple and natural4 ,remarkable qualities with so passionate a theme4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ludwig ,,bauer has published through ,g4 ,jonghaus of ,darmstadt1 a work which reminds us of the ,chronica ,jocelini de ,brakelonda1 being the ,urkundenbuch des ,klosters ,arnsburg in d4 ,wetterau1 containing as yet unprinted documents of the twelfth1 thirteenth1 fourteenth and fifteenth centuries1 relating to the history of the monastery4 ,we are happy to observe that notwithstanding the check given to general literature by the recent political troubles in ,germany1 this department of mediaeval antiquity is rapidly advancing4 ,when we remember the immense amount of material as yet unavailable which is still requisite to form an accurate history of the middle ages1 with reliable accounts of its varied literature and customs1 or when we reflect on the spoil and devastation which every day brings to the ancient hoard1 we should feel grateful to those untiring antiquaries1 who thus rescue a few literary gems from the flood of time4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,manuscripts of ,peter ,schlemil1 naturally awakens attention1 but proves to be an extravaganza of ,,louis ,,bechstein1 humorous and intelligent withal4 ,but the humor is not intelligible1 and the intelligence is not humorous1 says a sharp reviewer4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,prof4 ,o4 ,l4 ,b4 ,,wolff1 well known to every amateur ,german scholar in this country and ,england1 as the publisher of the celebrated ,poetischer und ,prosaischer ,hausschatz1 or ,poetic and ,prosaic ,home ,treasury1 has edited and published by ,otto ,wigand of ,leipsic1 that singular romance of ,caspar von ,grimmelshausen1 first printed in #affi1 which is1 as a picture of ,german social life during the period of the thirty years' war1 extremely interesting4 ,we need1 however1 hardly caution our lady readers against its perusal4 ,its title is as follows3 ,der abenteuerliche ,simplicius ,simplicissimus4 ,the adventurous ,simplicius ,simplicissimus4 ,that is the true1 copious1 and very remarkable biography of an odd1 wonderful and singular man1 ,,sternfels ,,von ,,fuchsheim1 how he passed his youth in ,spessart1 of his varied and remarkable destinies in the thirty years' war1 and of the numerous sufferings1 sorrows and dangers which he experienced1 with his ultimate good fortune4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,german critic1 who of course belongs to the conservative party1 writing under date of ,june #af1 says of ,miss ,,helen ,,weber1 the inventor of the hybrid costume which ,punch satirizes as an ,american absurdity1 that except in a certain disregard of public decencies there is nothing by which to distinguish her from the mass of vulgar women of the middling classes2 she is about thirty-five years of age1 and appears to be willing to do or say any thing that may be required for the attraction of observation2 from her writings1 throw out what is stolen or compiled1 and there is nothing left to evince even a mediocrity of talent4 ,this is less favorable than an account we published in an early number of the ,international 7vol4 i4 #dfc71 but it may be quite as just4 99 99 99 99 99 ,when ,professor ,,zahn sojourned in ,naples1 he took an active part in the excavations of ,pompeii--studies which eventually led to the publication of his meritorious work on this subject4 ,at the same time he faithfully reported the progress of these operations to old ,goethe4 ,the poet's replies to these communications on the ancient paintings of ,pompeii1 its theatres1 and other buildings1 were replete with those sparks of genius he exhibited on every occasion4 ,this rather voluminous correspondence1 long laid up at ,naples1 has been lately discovered1 and will be published by ,professor ,zahn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,geschichte der ,deutschen ,stadte und des ,deutschen ,burgerthums 7,history of the ,cities of ,germany1 and of ,german ,citizenship71 by ,f4 ,w4 ,,barthold1 is the first of a series of painstaking and exhausting books of ,german historical materiel1 in course of publication by ,weizel1 of ,leipsic4 ,the style of treatment resembles that adopted in ,the ,pictorial ,history of ,england1 which will make the work easy of reference4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,cornill publishes a dissertation upon ,louis ,feuerbach and his position toward the religion and philosophy of the present time4 ,the author finds in every thing the famous professor does a farther religious development4 ,but it is very doubtful if ,feurbach has advanced at all since his memorable essay in the ,halle ,book of the ,year1 upon the relation of philosophy to theology4 ,since then he has only varied this theme1 and his last work1 upon the transcendental thesis ,man is what he eats1 in which the worthy ,professor with ,teutonic energy seeks to seduce the immorality of the age from the potato disease1 the ,german critics declare to be totally devoid of that bold and thoughtful spirit which formerly fought so well for the emancipation of the understanding from its long scholastic thraldom4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a most mystical and metaphysical treatise is that of ,,ernst1 ,a new ,book of the ,planets1 or ,mikro and ,makrokosmos4 ,it sings with ,klopstock of the souls of the stars4 ,it speculates with ,jacob ,boehme1 with ,retif de la ,bretonne1 with the ,rabbins1 and other mighty mystics1 upon the origin of thought4 ,the essential difference in speculative science between ether and thought1 the unity of matter and spirit1 the eternity and evanescence of matter1 the thoughts1 feelings1 and sensations of ,god1 and the final explication of the trinity4 ,all this and more4 ,in fine1 says a ,german critic1 it is a very jocose book1 strongly to be commended for the consolation of political prisoners4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,waldmeister',s ,bridal-,tour1 a story of the ,rhine1 ,wine1 and ,travel1 is the pleasant and appropriate title of the last book of ,,otto ,,roquette4 ,it is the story of a spring tour along the ,rhine4 ,the fire of its wine1 the golden gleam of its vineyards1 the faint1 penetrant delicacy of the grape-blossom1 the luring look of the ,love-,lei1 the mystery of ruins1 the distant baying of the wild huntsman's pack1--they all breathe1 and bloom1 and sound through the little book4 ,it is a genuine song of spring4 ,the poet is young1--he feels1 dreams1 and sings--what needs poet more8 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,german version of ,copway the ,indian's work is announced under the title of ,kah-ge-ga-gah-bouh1 ,hauptling d',ojibway ,nation3 ,die ,ojibway ,eroberung3 ,translated from the ,english1 by ,n4 ,,adler1 and published at ,frankfort-on-the-,main4 ,this we presume is an after-shot from the ,peace ,convention4 99 99 99 99 99 ,among the new books announced in ,germany we see ,the ,institutions of the ,united ,states1 and their ,lessons of ,american ,experience to ,europe4 ,it appears to be anonymous4 ,one or two other ,german works on this country we shall notice particularly in our next number4 99 99 99 99 99 ,russian literature is gradually made accessible to the general student by ,german and ,french translations1 and we shall soon begin to learn more of the mysterious despotism that towers like a fateful cloud along the eastern horizon of ,europe1 in its influence upon social and artistic life4 ,the publisher ,brockhaus of ,leipsic has recently issued a collection in three volumes of the ,russian novelists4 ,yet1 whether from the want of tact in the selection or from the absence of characteristic qualities in the tales themselves1 the authors are weakest in their delineation of popular life and manners1 in this resembling fine society in ,russia1 which ignores ,russianism1 and believes in ,parisian manners1 language1 and life1 every thing but ,parisian politics4 ,among the authors whose works are quoted we note ,,alexander ,,pushkin1 the pride of ,russian literature1 born in #agii1 and died in a duel in #ahcg4 ,,helena ,,hahn1 born in #ahae1 who1 married at sixteen to a soldier1 travelled through a large part of ,russia1 and died in #ahcb4 ,her novels were first published after her death1 but seem to be not of the highest merit4 ,,alexander ,,herzen1 born in #ahab1 has zealously studied ,hegel1 and written a series of humorous tales1 the best of which is called ,taras ,bulwa4 ,since #ahdg he has been a wanderer1 pursued as a democrat1 and now proposes to visit the ,united ,states4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,emperor of ,austria has appointed ,,aaron ,,wolfgang ,,messeley1 a ,jew1 ,professor of ,criminal ,law at the ,university of ,prague4 ,m4 ,messeley had long filled the chair of the ,hebrew ,language and ,literature in the same ,university4 ,the numbers of ,jews now attached as professors to the different universities and educational establishments in the ,austrian states is seventeen2 of whom fifteen were named by the late ,emperor1 and two by the present4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,alexander ,,dumas1 who1 as a simple story writer is perhaps deserving of the highest place in the temple of letters--whose ,three ,guardsmen1 with its several continuations1 making some twenty volumes1 is the most entertaining1 and in certain characteristics the best sustained novel written in our days1--announces in ,paris a new tale1 ,un ,drame de '#ic1 and he occupies the feuilleton of the ,presse every week with another1 ,ange ,pitou1 of which the scene and time are also ,france during the first revolution4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,madame ,,charles ,,reybaud1 authoress of ,the ,cadet de ,calobrieres1 has just published another story1 ,faustine1 wherein provincial life in ,france is daguerreotyped4 99 99 99 99 99 ,among the announcements in ,paris we notice one of the tenth volume of ,,thiers',s ,histoire du ,consulat4 ,the eleventh volume is also said to be nearly ready4 99 99 99 99 99 ,m4 ,,mignet has nearly completed his ,life and ,times of ,mary1 ,queen of ,scots1 the third work on the subject produced in ,france within a year and a half4 ,mignet1 however1 is the most eminent person who has ever essayed this service1 and he has had some peculiar and important advantages4 ,he has made use of the collection of letters published by ,prince ,labanoff2 of researches made in the ,state ,paper ,office of ,england by ,mr4 ,tytler1 and of other unpublished documents which he has himself collected1 in order to form more correct opinions with regard to some of the darkest and most controverted events in the queen's life4 ,these documents1 chiefly from the archives of ,spain1 7to which ,m4 ,mignet was enabled to obtain access only at the express request of the ,french ,government17 are of much importance1 for they bring to light the negotiations carried on with ,philip ,,ii4 for the deliverance of ,mary from her imprisonment--a part of her history to which previous biographers have paid little attention4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in the political literature of ,france a new pamphlet by ,,cormenin is remarkable4 ,it is entitled ,revision1 and its substance is this3 ,having recounted the history of the ,republican ,charter1 elaborated during many months by men especially delegated to the work1 and by a suffrage really universal1 debated long and earnestly in the committee1 amended by the eighteen delegates of the assembly1 reviewed by the commission1 deliberated by the chamber1 discussed by the press1--,m4 ,cormenin establishes that this constitution1 so elaborately matured1 if it has nothing which promises eternal duration1 yet satisfies all the conditions essential to present permanence1 and will well lead the nation to that moment1 when1 personal passion being somewhat allayed1 it may be wisely and conscientiously reviewed4 ,this is the pith of the pamphlet4 ,it appeals to no passions1 and justifies no excess1 and is a notable and intelligent effort at the resolution of the question4 99 99 99 99 99 ,m4 ,,de ,,marcellus1 an old ,french ambassador1 has published two volumes entitled ,literary ,episodes in the ,east4 ,his oriental travel dates back as far as #ahah1 but the beautiful vision has pursued him ever since1 and he knew no better way to lay it than by painting it1 and making it real4 ,the volume opens with a confession that all travel and all scenery have only reminded him most strongly of his eastern experiences1 and that now1 chilled with age1 and hoping nothing of the future1 he has especial pleasure in recurring to the past4 ,it is a series of colloquial1 familiar sketches and anecdotes1 and will doubtless be a pleasant companion for the eastern tour4 ,m4 de ,marcellus will follow this work with ,a ,collection of ,popular ,songs in ,greece4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,victor ,,hugo1 who has always been opposed to the punishment of death1 and whose ,last ,days of ,condemned1 one of his most powerful fictions1 had a large influence every where against the death penalty1 was lately before the ,court of ,assizes in ,paris as an advocate in behalf of his son1 who was on trial for publishing an article calculated to bring into disrespect the administrators of the law4 ,the veteran poet was allowed to deliver an elaborate and characteristic harangue in defence of the article4 ,he tasked himself for his most brilliant antithetical rhetoric1 denouncing the scaffold1 and the legislation of death4 ,the son1 however1 was convicted1 and sentenced to a fine of five hundred francs and imprisonment for six months4 ,victor ,hugo has published a volume containing twelve speeches delivered on various occasions while he has been a representant du peuple4 ,they are on the ,bonaparte family1 the punishment of death1 universal suffrage1 the liberty of the press1 the affairs of ,rome1 c41 and are all written with the author's customary fine rhetoric2 indeed in thought and style they are among his best performances4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,madame ,,bocarme1 who probably was a party to the late murder of her brother1 for which her husband the ,count de ,bocarme is to be executed1 was an intimate friend of ,balzac4 ,the great novelist dedicated one of his works to her1 and another of them was written in the ,chateau de ,bitremont4 ,balzac1 while on a visit to the chateau1 was taken to see a farmer1 and1 as usual1 interested himself so much in the cattle1 that after an hour's conversation he was amused to find that1 the farmer had taken him1 ,h4 de ,balzac1 the brilliant ,parisian1 for a cattle dealer6 ,the forthcoming memoirs of ,balzac will perhaps contain something about this woman1 who seems to have won for herself the execration of all ,france4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,paris correspondent of the ,literary ,gazette affirms that1 on the whole1 the ,french press has gained by the regulation requiring signatures to original articles4 ,the abler class of contributors have profited greatly1 as they have obtained a position in popular esteem1 and consequently a claim on their employers1 which years of anonymous drudgery would not have secured4 ,nor have readers1 it is remarked1 any cause to complain2 for men1 remembering that 'those who live to please must please to live1' take far greater pains with the articles to which they have to attach their names1 than to those which are unsigned4 99 99 99 99 99 ,m4 ,,arago1 the great astronomer1 who is passing the summer at the mineral springs of ,vichy1 is nearly blind1 and probably will entirely lose his sight4 ,his brother1 who is likewise a man of extraordinary abilities1 has been blind many years4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,george ,,sand dedicates her last performance to ,,dumas1 because1 she says1 ,i wish to protest against the tendency that may be attributed to me of regarding the absence of action as a systematic reaction against the school of which you are the chief4 ,far from me such a blasphemy against movement and life6 ,i am too fond of your works2 ,i read them and listen to them with too much attention and emotion2 ,i am too much an artist in feeling to wish the slightest lessening of your triumphs4 ,many believe that artists are necessarily jealous of each other4 ,i pity those who believe it1 pity them for having so little of the artist as not to understand that the idea of assassinating our rivals would be that of our own suicide4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,critical ,history of the ,philosophical ,school of ,alexandria is the title of a work of serious philosophical claims1 by ,m4 ,,vacherot4 ,he had already published two volumes analyzing and developing the doctrines of the ,alexandrian philosophy4 ,in the present volume he has traced its influence upon the subsequent schools1 passing in review ,plotinus and his successors4 ,the scope of the work invites and permits a discussion of the profoundest problems that now agitate the world of thought1 and ,m4 ,vacherot has the credit of acquitting himself adequately and admirably of his task4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rousseau1 on his death1 left several papers to his friend ,moulton1 and the heirs of that person1 in #agid1 caused them to be deposited in the public library of ,neufchatel1 in ,switzerland4 ,there they have remained unknown until a few weeks since1 when ,m4 ,bovet1 of that town1 examined them1 and found that they embraced an essay entitled ,avant-propos et ,preface a mes ,confessions1 which has just been printed4 ,of course it will appear with all future editions of the ,confessions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,balzac1 besides his ,memoirs1 which are soon to appear in ,paris1 it is now stated left two other works1 one a romance called ,les ,paysans1 finished only a short time before his death1 the other a collection of confidential letters to a lady1 in which1 it is said1 he took pleasure in laying bare the secrets of his heart1 and his real opinion of men and things4 99 99 99 99 99 ,m4 ,,nisard was a few weeks ago received into the ,academie ,francaise4 ,he succeeds the late ,m4 ,feletz1 and has written a history of ,french literature1 a book of etudes on the ,latin poets1 and superintended a translation of all the ,latin writers4 99 99 99 99 99 ,m4 ,,gautier1 formerly a deputy from the ,gironde1 a peer of ,france1 ,minister of ,finance1 and sub-governor of the ,bank of ,france1 has published a volume ,on the ,causes which disturb ,order in ,france1 and the means of ,reestablishing it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,guizot is about to publish the ,histoire des ,origines du ,gouvernement ,representatif4 ,this is a new work1 being the revised issue of his lectures from #ahbj to #ahbb1 which have never yet been printed1 except in the imperfect comptes rendus of the ,journal des ,cours ,public4 99 99 99 99 99 ,le ,drame de '#ic1 by ,,alexandre ,,dumas1 turns out to be a narrative of the ,revolution1 in his rapid dramatic style4 99 99 99 99 99 ,m4 ,,pierre ,,dufour is publishing a work of great value entitled the ,history of ,prostitution among all ,nations and at all ,times4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a cheap edition of the chief writings on affairs1 by ,,emilie ,,de ,,girardin1 is published in eleven volumes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mademoiselle de ,belle ,isle1 written by ,dumas for ,mademoiselle ,mars--a sprightly1 dissolute comedy1 full of the life which animates the ,memoires of the time1 and complicated in its construction with the skill of a ,lope de ,vega--was translated in ,new-,york a year or two ago by ,mrs4 ,fanny ,kemble ,butler1 and brought out at the ,astor ,place ,opera ,house4 ,our theatre-going people1 however1 declined a piece so broadly licentious1 and it was soon withdrawn4 ,we see that another version of it has been made in ,london1 and that it has been played there very successfully4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,london editors lack something of the honesty of the ,americans3 they never give credit for an article1 but if making up an entire number of a periodical from ,american sources1 would permit their readers to suppose it all original4 ,sharpe's ,magazine is particularly addicted to this infirmity1 and the ,july issue of it contains our excellent friend the ,rev4 ,f4 ,w4 ,shelton's paper on ,boswell1 the ,biographer1 which appeared originally in ,the ,knickerbocker4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,,rev4 ,,charles ,,kingsley1 ,jr41 rector of ,eversley1 best known to ,american readers as the author of the ,chartist novel of ,alton ,locke1 and ,yeast1 a ,problem1 has been an industrious writer4 ,he is now about fifty years of age1 and besides the above works and a vast number of papers in ,fraser's ,magazine1 he has published ,the ,christian ,socialist7671 ,politics for the ,people1 ,village ,sermons1 and ,the ,saint's ,tragedy--in point of art the best of his performances4 ,we see by the ,english papers that he preached a sermon lately in ,fitzroy ,square1 ,london1 on the ,gospel ,message to the ,poor4 ,it was so full of socialistic thoughts1 and so severe on the richer classes1 that the rector of the church1 when he had finished1 arose in his pew1 and protested vehemently against its doctrines4 ,the congregation dispersed in great disorder4 ,we doubt whether any living ,englishman is capable of surpassing ,sir ,bulwer ,lytton's version of the ,ballads of ,schiller1 but ,mr4 ,,edgar ,,alfred ,,bowring1 a son of the well-known ,dr4 ,bowring who has published translations from so many languages1 has just published a volume entitled ,the ,poems of ,schiller complete1 including all his early ,suppressed ,pieces1 attempted in ,english4 ,the word complete expresses its difference from the many ,schillers in ,english that have previously appeared4 ,an ,anthology edited by ,schiller in #aghb1 when he had just commenced his career1 contains several poems which the critics recognize as his4 ,this remained unknown1 however1 except as a literary curiosity1 till a few months ago2 and several of the poems had been omitted in all the collections of ,schiller's works4 ,but the republication of the ,anthology has brought to light the suppressed poems 7in number twenty-eight1 comprising nearly twelve hundred verses71 and those are translated for the first time by ,mr4 ,bowring1 whose versions are much commended4 99 99 99 99 99 ,among the new books of ,english verse1 some of the most noticeable are ,the ,fair ,island1 in ,six ,cantos1 by ,,edmund ,,peel3 in the ,spenserian measure1 with passages of fair description2 ,ballad ,romances1 by ,r4 ,h4 ,,horne1 author of ,orion1 c4--a book containing genuine poetry2 ,the ,reign of ,avarice1 an allegorical satire1 in four cantos2 ,philosophy in the ,fens1 in the style of ,peter ,pindar2 and ,marican1 a ,chilian tale1 by ,,henry ,,inglis4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,warren1 the author of ,ten ,thousand a ,year1 has just published a new novel under the title of ,the ,lily and the ,bee1 a ,romance of the ,crystal ,palace4 ,the name savors of the huckster1 and we shall look for a more melancholy failure than his last previous performance4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,levi ,,woodbury',s ,miscellaneous ,writings1 ,addresses1 and ,judicial ,opinions1 will be published in four octavo volumes1 by ,little ,brown1 of ,boston4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,north ,american ,review for the ,july quarter is in many respects characteristic4 ,six months after every ,review published in ,great ,britain had had its paper on ,southey1 and when the subject is quite worn out1 the ,north ,american furnishes us with a leading article upon it1 in which there is neither an original thought nor a new combination of thoughts that are old4 ,colton's ,public ,economy gives a title to an article1 in which the book is treated superciliously1 and some ideas by ,henry ,c4 ,carey are presented as the original speculations of the reviewer4 ,it is deserving of remark that the ,past and ,present1 and more recent works of ,mr4 ,carey1 which among thinking men throughout the world have commanded more attention than any other writings in political philosophy during the last five years1 have never been even referred to in this periodical1 which arrogates to itself the leadership of ,american literature4 ,the eighth article of the number is on the ,unity of the ,human ,race1 and considering the place it occupies in the ,north ,american ,review1 for ,july1 #ahea1 it is contemptible4 ,it is based on five publications made in ,england previous to #ahdg1 and ignores all the research and discussion since that time1 notwithstanding the facts that the subject never was so amply1 so profoundly1 or so luminously discussed as during the last year--that the very writers referred to in the article have for the chief part published their most important treatises upon it since #ahdg--that within six months its literature has received large accessions in ,france1 ,germany1 and ,italy1--and that in our own country1 of whose intellectual advancement this ,review is bound to give some sort of an index1 the four years since ,latham's ,present ,state and ,recent ,progress of ,ethnological ,philosophy appeared1 have furnished important works by ,albert ,gallatin1 ,mr4 ,hale of the ,exploring ,expedition1 the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,bachman1 the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,smyth1 and several others1 all of which should have been considered in any new1 especially in any ,american resume of the discussion4 ,johnston's ,notes on ,north ,america is treated with a spleen excited by the author's refusal to recognize the greatness assumed for certain persons connected with ,harvard ,college1 and ,mr4 ,bowen is weak enough to say1 or to permit a contributor to say1 we understand767 ,mr4 ,johnston has a high reputation1 c4 ,pish6 ,and what does the reader suppose is the theme--the fresh1 before unheard-of theme--of another paper8 what new star1 in the heaven of mind1 demanded most the exploration and illustration of the ,north ,american ,review1 for this ,july quarter1 in #ahea8 ,the best guesser of riddles would not in fifty years hit upon ,mr4 ,gilfillan's book of rigmarole entitled ,the ,bards of the ,bible1 but this performance1 which had been criticised in every other quarterly1 monthly1 weekly1 and daily1 in the ,english language1 that would descend to it1 crowds out the subjects of great pith and moment upon which a periodical of such claims should have spoken with wise authority4 ,our own country is full of suggestive topics for thoughtful1 earnest1 and learned men1 and it is fit that the closet should send out its instruction to calm the turbulence awakened by tempests from the rostrum--that affairs should be subjected to the criticism of experience1 and that what is new in discovery1 in opinion1 or in suggestion1 should have quick and popular recognition and justice4 ,we need--we must have--for this purpose a powerful and really national ,review1 to reflect and guide the life and aspirations of the country4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we mentioned some time ago that ,mr4 ,,william ,w4 ,,story1 a son of the late ,justice ,story1 was preparing for the press a life of his father1 and we now understand that the work will soon be ready1 in two large octavo volumes1 to be published by ,little ,brown4 ,it will come too late4 ,such a memoir would have been very well received any time within a year after ,judge ,story's death3 now the public mind is settled in an unalterable conviction that ,judge ,story was an over-rated man1 and a consideration of the processes by which his fame was acquired is likely for a long time to sink it below its just level4 ,we but echo the opinion of more than one eminent person connected with the very school in which he was a teacher1 as well as the common judgment of the leading men of the profession in all the states1 when we say that ,judge ,story was not a great lawyer2 two or three of his books were good1 but the rest were made for cash profits1 and sold by means of ingenious advertising4 ,now they will answer for the country courts1 and the inferior courts of the cities1 where no opposing lawyer has enough wit and knowledge to oppose ,story against ,story1 but they are no longer weighty authorities1 and every term they are found to be of declining influence4 ,as a man of letters1 ,judge ,story's rank will be still lower4 ,he has left nothing to carry his name into another age4 ,yet he was a man of much professional learning1 of taste1 sagacity1 an extraordinary command of his resources1 and a most amiable and pleasing character1 and his memoirs and correspondence1 if fitly presented1 will constitute an attractive and valuable contribution to the history of ,american society4 99 99 99 99 99 ,for several years it has been known to many students of our early history1 that ,mr4 ,,lyman ,c4 ,,draper was devoting his time and estate1 and faculties admirably trained for such pursuits1 to the collection of whatever materials still exist for the illustration of the lives of the ,western ,pioneers4 ,he has carefully explored all the valley of the ,mississippi1 under the most favorable auspices--by his intelligence and enthusiasm and large acquaintance with the most conspicuous people1 commended to every family which was the repository of special traditions or of written documents--and he has succeeded in amassing a collection of ,,ms4 letters1 narratives1 and other papers1 and of printed books1 pamphlets1 magazines1 and journals1 more extensive than is possessed by many of the state historical societies1 while in character it is altogether and necessarily unique4 ,he proposes soon to publish his first work1 ,the ,life and ,times of ,general ,george ,rogers ,clarke1 7whose papers have been long in his possession1 and whose surviving ,indian fighters and other associates he has personally visited71 in two octavo volumes1 to be followed by shorter historical memoirs of ,colonel ,daniel ,boone1 ,general ,simon ,kenton1 ,general ,john ,sevier of ,east ,tennessee1 ,general ,james ,robertson1 ,captain ,samuel ,brady1 ,colonel ,william ,crawford1 the ,wetzells1 c41 c4 ,the field of his researches1 it will be seen1 embraces the entire sweep of the ,mississippi1 every streamlet flowing into which has been crimsoned with the blood of sanguinary conflicts1 every sentinel mountain looking down to whose waves has been a witness of more terrible and strange vicissitudes and adventures than have been invented by all the romancers4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,dublin ,university ,magazine is not very kind in the matter of the ,american poem of ,frontenac1 but suggests that as the author's name is ,,street1 he cannot object to being walked into4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mrs4 ,,southworth',s story of ,retribution is being republished in ,reynolds's ,miscellany1 edited by ,g4 ,w4 ,m4 ,reynolds1 the novelist4 ,those who are acquainted with the productions of ,reynolds will perhaps recognize the fitness of the association4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mrs4 ,,mowatt1 who has just returned from a professional residence in ,england1 we understand will soon give the public a collection of her miscellaneous writings1 prefaced by ,mary ,howitt4 ,the authoress of ,the ,fortune ,hunter1 under various signatures1 has been a very voluminous as well as a very clever writer4 ,she will in a few weeks appear at the ,broadway ,theatre4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miss ,,beecher has published 7through ,phillips ,sampson of ,boston71 her ,true ,remedy for the ,wrongs of ,women1 and the book is much below her reputation4 ,from a person of her character and unquestionable abilities1 we looked for a rebuke of those females who have unsexed themselves1 such a rebuke as should have brought to life all the latent shame in their natures1 and for ever prevented any renewals of the melancholy displays they have made of an unfeminine passion for notoriety4 ,the wrongs of woman1 in the state of ,new-,york at least1 are purely ideal2 here woman has all the privileges and protections compatible with her destined offices in a civilized society4 ,she undoubtedly has a share of the sufferings to which human nature is subject1 but has literally nothing to complain of at the hands of man in the social organization4 ,the individual wrongs of which she is the victim1 are for the most part penalties of individual indiscretions1 and the remedy for them is to be found in the education of woman for her proper sphere and duties1 such education as shall develope her capacities for the relations of domestic life1 most of all1 for maternity4 ,miss ,beecher treats parties with respect who are entitled to no respect1 acknowledges evils which do not exist1 and proposes for the elevation of female character plans of very questionable influence4 ,,footnotes3 #ac ,,wieseler1 ,,friedrich4 ,theatergebaeude und ,denkmaler des ,buhnenwesens1 beiden ,gricchen und ,roemern4 ,goettingen1 #ahea4 ,vandenhoeik und ,ruprecht4 ,the ,fine ,arts4 ,all ,europe abounds in memorials of illustrious men1 and in the present time there is more than ever before a disposition manifested to consecrate art to the honor of the benefactors of mankind1 or to those who have been most eminent for great qualities4 ,from ,munich1 we learn by the latest journals1 that two colossal statues--those of ,gustavus ,adolphus and of the ,swedish poet ,tegner--have just been cast at the royal foundry of that capital1 with complete success4 ,both were modelled by ,schwanthaler1 and are destined for public places in the city of ,stockholm4 ,in ,france1 the inhabitants of ,andelys have been inaugurating a statue of ,nicolas ,poussin1 with great ceremonial4 ,on the same day a statue to ,poisson1 an eminent mathematician1 was inaugurated with pomp1 at his native place1 ,pithiviers1 near ,orleans4 ,a little before1 one was erected to ,froissart1 the quaint old chronicler of knightly deeds1 at ,valenciennes1 where he was born4 ,jeanne ,hachette is about to have one at ,beauvais2 ,gresset1 the author of ',vert ,vert'1 at ,amiens2 and the village of ,rollot1 in ,picardy1 has just caused to be placed in its public square a bust of the translator into ,french of the ,thousand and ,one ,nights1 ,antony ,galland4 ,he was sent by ,colbert to the ,east on account of his great knowledge of the ,hebrew and other oriental languages1 and on his return published the ,arabian ,nights1 and a treatise on the origin of coffee4 ,there is1 in fact1 scarcely a ,frenchman of real eminence in poetry1 literature1 war1 science1 statesmanship1 or the arts1 who is not honored with a statue1 either in his birthplace1 or in the town made his own by adoption4 ,most of the statues are erected at the expense of the respective localities2 the good people thinking it a duty to render every respect to their illustrious dead4 ,and when they happen to be too poor to incur much cost1 they erect a fountain1 or some other useful work1 which bears the great man's name4 ,in the small and poor village of ,chatenay1 near ,paris1 where ,voltaire was born1 you see1 for example1 a small plaster bust of him1 in an iron cage1 and on the parish pump the words a ,voltaire4 ,and1 as the ,literary ,gazette has it1 very justly1 the man who should scoff at this simple tribute to genius would be an ass1--it is all that poor peasants can afford to pay4 ,the names of distinguished men are also frequently given by the ,french to streets and squares4 ,in ,paris alone1 ,moliere1 ,racine1 ,corneille1 ,voltaire1 ,boileau1 ,montaigne1 and ,i know not how many others1 together with men of science by the hundred1 have streets named after them3 so have ,chateaubriand and ,beranger2 so have even the ,english ,lord ,byron and the ,italian ,rossini4 ,the ships in the navy1 too1 receive also the names of distinguished men1 foreign as well as native--there is a man-of-war named after ,newton1 and several public works have the name of our own ,franklin4 ,but in the ,united ,states1 although we have sometimes named after soldiers and statesmen1 we have scarce any monuments1 and no statues at all1 except a few of men distinguished in affairs4 ,in ,union ,square1 opposite the house in which he lived1 there should be a statue of the great ,chancellor ,kent2 in ,richmond1 one of ,marshall1 next to ,washington1 the greatest of ,virginians2 in ,northampton1 one to ,jonathan ,edwards2 in ,new ,haven1 one to ,timothy ,dwight2 before the ,academy of ,sciences in ,philadelphia1 one to ,franklin1 one to ,rittenhouse1 and one to ,alex4 ,wilson2 at ,cambridge1 one to ,allston2 in ,boston1 one to ,bowditch2 and in ,new-,york1 memorials of some sort to ,audubon1 ,gallatin1 ,hamilton1 c4 ,in the new park which is to be reserved in the upper part of the city1 we have an opportunity to commemorate the patriotism and misfortunes of the first magistrate chosen by the people of ,new-,york1 the first under whom municipal elections were held here1 and the first martyr to ,liberty in the ,new ,world--,governor ,leisler4 ,,leisler ,,park sounds well1 and it has additional fitness from the fact1 that the unfortunate governor was once proprietor of a part of the grounds to be so appropriated4 ,if it shall not be called ,leisler ,park1 there is another illustrious ,new-,yorker1 whose name appears to have been forgotten by those who have given names to public places here1--,governor ,colden1 who wrote the ,history of the ,five ,nations4 99 99 99 99 99 ,when the ,emperor of ,russia was at ,rome1 four or five years ago1 he engaged ,barberi1 the worker in mosaic1 to undertake certain large works1 and with the instruction of six ,russian students with a view to the establishment of a great school of mosaic art in ,st4 ,petersburgh4 ,since that time ,barberi and his pupils have been occupied with works for the imperial residence1 the last of which1 just completed1 consists of an octagonal mosaic pavement1 from the ancient design of the round hall in the ,vatican ,museum1 with twenty-eight figures1 a colossal head of ,medusa in the centre1 and a variety of ornaments1 all inclosed in a brilliant wreath of fruits1 flowers1 and foliage4 ,the series already executed consist of four scenic masques1 each of which is valued at ,l#ebjj sterling4 ,with these finished works ,cavaliere ,barberi is about to forward to ,st4 ,petersburgh a number of vitreous mosaic tablets of every shade and style of drawing and decoration1 as models for younger students4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tenerani1 the most eminent of contemporary ,italian sculptors1 has finished a statue of ,bolivar4 ,the figure is standing1 full draped1 and holding a laurel crown in the left hand4 ,the pediment is ornamented with three bas-reliefs1 the three provinces1 ,peru1 ,bolivia1 and ,colombia4 ,two statues1 ,justice and ,liberality1 symbols of the hero's virtues1 stand at the side of the monument1 which will be erected in the cathedral of ,caraccas4 ,it is a fine instance of the beauty and delicate grace of ,tenerani's treatment4 ,the expressive head of ,the ,liberator1 with the high1 arched brow1 the large1 soft1 and sagacious eyes1 the sharply chiselled but agreeable features1 beaming with intellectual radiance1 are happily conceived and exquisitely executed4 ,in the same kind we note an equestrian statue of ,bernadotte by ,,togelberg1 a ,swede resident in ,rome4 ,the horseman's mantle has fallen aside1 the staff of a commander is in his hand1 and the able marshal1 king that shall be1 looks graciously down from his horse4 ,in his face there is the imperial force of military genius1 with the genial grace of sensibility4 ,the horse is finely done4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,steinhauser',s statue of ,hahnemann1 the father of homoeopathy1 destined for ,leipsic1 is almost finished4 ,the same artist has in hand the ,goethe monument1 designed by ,bettina von ,arnim4 ,the sketch serves as the illuminated title-page to the second volume of the correspondence with a child4 ,she describes it as follows3 ,goethe sits upon a throne1 within a semi-niche1 his head reaches over the niche1 which is not closed above1 but is cut away1 and seems1 half seen1 like the moon rising over the rim of a mountain4 ,the mantle1 tied round the neck1 falls back over the shoulders1 and is brought forward again under the arms into the lap4 ,the left hand rests upon the lyre1 supported upon the left knee4 ,the right hand1 which holds my flowers1 is sunk negligently in the same way1 and1 forgetting fame1 he holds the laurel wreath1 and looks toward heaven4 ,the young ,psyche stands before him1 as then ,i stood1 raises herself upon tip-toe to touch the strings of the lyre1 which he permits1 lost in inspiration4 ,the artist has appreciated this conception4 ,he has represented ,goethe not as an old man1 but as a man of ideal expression1 holding indeed the well-won laurel1 but with the harp in hand1 as if inspiration were exhaustless4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,herr ,,kiss',s group in bronze of an ,amazon encountering a lion has been purchased by the ,prince of ,prussia as a present for the ,queen of ,england4 ,a copy of the same work in zinc has been purchased by a gentleman from the ,united ,states for ,l#bejj4 ,it is said that ,kiss has received a commission for two other copies for persons in the ,united ,states4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,english critics complain that they have not any longer a great portrait painter4 ,this branch of art is declining1 and the walls of the ,academy this year bear testimony to the fact4 ,from the death of ,lawrence to the present time1 now more than twenty years1 it has been gradually subsiding into the mere record of literal fact--ignoring those great principles which made it once a means of historical record4 ,in ,america we have occasion for no such regrets4 ,elliot is equal to any man in the world for a masculine and noble head1 and ,hicks and several others would in any country or in any time command the applause due to great masters4 99 99 99 99 99 ,for three years ,mr4 ,,pyne1 the landscape painter1 has been taking a series of views in the lake counties of ,england4 ,the pictures comprise all the important objects in a tour through the country they illustrate1 treated under a variety of aspects1 which renders the collection valuable in an artistic point of view4 ,a feeling for atmospheric distance is one of ,mr4 ,pyne's most important attributes1 and in representing wide reaching views of mountains and lakes he has had full scope for his talent4 ,the pictures are to be copied in a series of colored lithographs1 and published in a volume4 99 99 99 99 99 ,among the pictures in the ,royal ,academy this season are several by ,british army officers on foreign duty4 ,by the ,hon4 ,lieutenant ,colonel ,percy there are1 ,a ,study of ,niagara from the under ,horse-,shoe ,fall1 ,the ,river ,st4 ,lawrence and ,mouth of the ,saguenay1 and a view on the same river ,near the ,chaudiere ,bridge1 ,quebec4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rauch1 the sculptor1 whose statue of ,frederic the ,great has just been erected in ,berlin1 has been the object of an artistic ovation4 ,the ,academy of ,sciences gave a banquet in his honor1 the king1 royal family1 and ministers assisted1 and ,meyerbeer composed a ,cantata for the occasion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,,healy',s picture of ,mr4 ,webster replying to ,colonel ,hayne is completed1 in ,paris1 and will be brought to ,new-,york in the present month 7of ,august74 ,it is twenty-eight feet long4 ,the painter has published proposals for engravings of it1 at twenty dollars per copy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an original painting by ,raphael1 ,the ,boar ,hunt1 was destroyed in a recent fire at ,downhill ,house1 the family seat of ,sir ,hervey ,bruce1 in ,england4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,french and ,english journals mention several important improvements of the daguerreotype1 some of which are of the same character as ,mr4 ,hill's4 ,mr4 ,brady1 of this city1 has gone to ,london1 to establish a branch of his house in that city4 ,historical ,review of the ,month4 ,,the ,,united ,,states4 ,on the #dth of ,july the corner stone of the ,capitol extension at ,washington was laid1 before the ,president of the ,united ,states1 the ,cabinet1 army and navy officers1 and a very large assemblage of citizens4 ,mr4 ,webster delivered on the occasion an address1 in which he pointed out with his customary eloquent clearness the extraordinary advances of the country since ,general ,washington1 fifty-eight years before1 had performed there a similar duty1 and for the advantage of condensation and exactness he presented many important facts in the form of a comparative table1 as follows3 #agic4 #ahea4 ,number of ,states #ae #ca ,representatives and ,senators in ,congress #ace #bie ,population of the ,u4 ,states1 #ahej #c1ibi1cbh #bc1bfg1dih ,do4 ,boston1 do4 #ah1jch #acf1hga ,do4 ,baltimore1 do4 #ac1ejc #afi1jed ,do4 ,philadelphia1 do4 #db1ebj #dji1jde ,do4 ,new-,york 7city71 do4 #cc1aba #eae1ejg ,do4 ,washington1 do4 ---- #dj1jge ,amount of receipts into ,treasury1 do4 #e1gbj1fbd #dc1ggd1hdh ,am't of expenditures of ,u4,s41 do4 #g1ebi1ege #ci1cee1bfh ,amount of imports1 do4 #ca1jjj1jjj #agh1ach1cah ,do4 ,exports1 do4 #bf1aji1jjj #aea1hih1gbj ,do4 ,tonnage1 do4 #ebe1gfd #c1ece1ded ,area of the ,united ,states1 do4 #hje1dfa #c1cad1cfe ,rank and file of the army #e1aaj #aj1jjj ,militia 7enrolled71 ---- #b1jjf1def ,navy of the ,united ,states 7vessels71 ,none #gf ,do4 ,armament 7ordinance71 -- #b1jab ,number of treaties and conventions with foreign powers #i #ij ,number of lighthouses and light-boats #g #cgb ,expenditures for do4 #ab1jfa #ebi1bfe ,area of the first capitol building in square feet ---- #ad1fda ,do4 present capitol 7including extension7 ---- #d-a_/c acres ,lines of railroads in miles ---- #h1ejj ,do4 ,telegraphs ---- #ae1jjj ,number of post-offices #bji #ba1eea ,number of miles of post route #e1fdb #agh1fga ,amount of revenue from post-offices #ajd1gdg #e1eeb1iga ,amount of expenditures in the ,post-,office ,department #gb1jdj #e1bab1iec ,number of miles of mail transportation ---- #df1eda1dbc ,miles of railroad ---- #h1ejj ,public libraries #ce #fid ,number of volumes in do4 #ge1jjj #b1bja1fcb ,school libraries ---- #aj1jjj ,number of volumes in do4 ---- #b1jjj1jjj ,the recent anniversary--being three quarters of a century from the ,declaration of ,independence--was celebrated with unusual enthusiasm in nearly all parts of the ,united ,states4 ,one small party of secessionists in a southern state chose the occasion for some farcical expressions of treason1 and members of another party1 equally insane or wicked1 in the north1 chose to violate the sacredness of the time by avowing a disregard of the ,constitution2 but on the whole the displays of feeling were such as to gratify a patriotic and hopeful spirit4 ,the new constitution of ,maryland went into effect on that day1 and in obedience to one of its provisions all the persons confined in its several prisons for debt were then released4 ,the correspondence between the ,british ,minister and the ,secretary of ,state respecting the long-pending difficulties in ,central ,america is not yet concluded4 ,it appears that ,great ,britain is ready to relinquish her peculiar relations with the so-called ,mosquito ,kingdom1 and surrender her control over ,san ,juan2 but she refuses to make that surrender to ,nicaragua1 which claims an unconditional right in the case1 and refuses to submit to any restrictions4 ,there are other territorial difficulties between ,nicaragua1 ,costa ,rica1 and the other states1 which seem difficult of adjustment4 ,on these subjects ,sir ,henry ,bulwer has addressed to the ,american ,government a communication urging its interference to produce an amicable settlement4 ,mr4 ,webster has left ,washington for a temporary residence in the country1 and it is probable that this correspondence will not be concluded until his return1 and the return of the ,british ,minister from a contemplated visit to ,london4 ,it is supposed that an extensive fraud has been committed against the ,united ,states ,government in the settlement of ,mexican claims4 ,the person accused1 a ,dr4 ,gardner1 received a large sum from the ,mexican ,commission1 but as is now stated1 by fraudulent evidence4 ,he is absent in ,europe1 but the grand jury of ,washington has found a bill against him1 and his brother and another party implicated in the transaction have been held to bail for perjury4 ,the ,tehuantepec ,surveying ,expedition has returned to ,new ,orleans4 ,surveys1 which show the practicability of the railroad route1 are complete4 ,a few parties have been left on the ground to survey a line for the construction of a carriage road4 ,the ,coatzacoatlcos ,river is reported navigable1 for twenty-five miles above its mouth1 for ships drawing eleven feet of water4 ,the climate is believed to be healthy4 ,the ,mexican government having evinced some unfriendliness to the ,tehuantepec project1 the interference of the ,united ,states has been solicited1 but declined4 ,the balance of the fourth installment of the ,mexican ,indemnity1 under the ,treaty of ,guadalupe ,hidalgo1 was paid at the ,u4,s4 ,treasury on the #bhth of ,june--amounting to #a1hae1djj4 ,the whole amount of the installment is #c1cfj1jjj4 ,the ,court ,martial convened at ,washington on the #bc;d ,june1 for the trial of ,general ,talcott1 chief of the ordnance department1 has closed its labors by the conviction of the accused of all the charges preferred against him1 and his dismissal from the service4 ,the charges were3 a violation of the #acb;d article of the regulations for the government of the ,ordnance ,department2 wilful disobedience of orders and instructions from the ,secretary of ,war in relation to a contract for supplies2 and conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman1 among other things1 in making a declaration which was positively and wilfully false1 and intended to deceive the ,secretary of ,war4 ,preparations for the next presidential canvass are being commenced in many of the ,states4 ,general ,scott has received the nomination of two state conventions--that of ,ohio1 and that of ,pennsylvania--besides having been nominated at public meetings in ,delaware1 ,indiana1 and other places4 ,mr4 ,woodbury has been nominated in ,new ,hampshire1 and meetings of various degrees of importance have expressed preferences for other candidates in various parts of the country4 ,the crops of all sorts are represented as being in a very prosperous condition throughout all sections3 of wheat and potatoes more abundant than ever before1 and of cotton and rice very much better than the drought in the early part of the season promised4 ,the ,extra ,session of the ,new-,york legislature adjourned on the #aath of ,july1 after passing several important bills4 ,that for the enlargement of the ,erie ,canal is a measure of great moment to the industry and commerce of the state4 ,it provides for the complete enlargement of the ,erie ,canal within four years1 thus securing the immense business which would else seek other avenues to the seaboard1 and endowing the state with a large revenue independent of taxes4 ,chief ,justice ,bronson1 whose political relations give to his opinions in this case a peculiar value1 has published an elaborate vindication of the bill's constitutionality4 ,the legislature of ,new ,hampshire adjourned on the #eth of ,july4 ,the legislature of ,connecticut has also adjourned1 having elected no ,senator in the place of ,mr4 ,baldwin4 ,resolutions approving of the ,compromise ,measures1 including the ,fugitive ,slave ,law1 passed the ,house by a vote of #aac to #ce1 but in the ,senate they were indefinitely postponed4 ,the ,virginia ,reform ,convention struck out the section of the ,constitution prohibiting the legislature from passing a law to allow the emancipation of slaves1 and inserted a provision that an emancipated slave remaining in the state over twelve months shall be sold4 ,the legislature is allowed to impose restrictions on the owners of slaves who are disposed to emancipate1 but the section giving the legislature power to remove free negroes from the state is stricken out4 ,the murderers of the ,cosden family1 in ,kent ,co41 ,maryland1 are sentenced to be hung on the first ,friday of the present month4 ,from ,california we have intelligence to the #aeth of ,june4 ,san ,francisco and ,stockton seem to have almost entirely recovered from the effects of the late conflagrations2 the burnt districts were being restored with a rapidity surpassing all previous examples of ,californian energy1 and business1 far from being prostrated1 had resumed its former activity4 ,the accounts from the mines continued to be encouraging1 the yield of gold not having been diminished by the unusual dryness of the winter4 ,the ,indian ,commissioners have met with great success in their work of pacification1 although there were rumors of skirmishes in the northern part of the state4 ,a man named ,jennings was lately seized at ,san ,francisco while attempting to escape with a bag of stolen money1 and was1 after being arrested and tried by a self-constituted ,vigilance ,committee1 condemned1 brought out into the plaza1 and publicly hung in the presence of a large crowd4 ,a crime so monstrous may well startle the world4 ,if the persons composing the ,vigilance ,committee have respectable positions in society1 this fact but increases the infamy of the transaction1 and gives it a more fatal influence4 ,every member of the committee1 consenting to its action1 should be deemed guilty of murder1 and punished as a murderer1 though the magistracy of ,california should have to invoke for its support in enforcing the laws the whole force of the nation4 ,there is no safety1 nor true liberty1 where there is not obedience2 and it had been better that all the thieves in ,california in half a century escaped punishment than that one should be punished in this manner4 ,in the ,mormon territory of ,utah ground was broken for the ,great ,salt ,lake and ,mountain ,railway on the #ast of ,may4 ,when this enterprise is completed1 preparations will be more vigorously prosecuted for the erection of the ,temple4 ,the condition of affairs in the new settlements is represented as encouraging4 ,the tide of emigration continues to flow into ,texas from ,european ports4 ,milam ,district1 on the ,upper ,brazos1 seems at present to be the favorite point for the colonists4 ,the new town of ,kent has lately been erected at ,kimball's ,bend1 and under the auspices of ,captain ,sir ,edward ,belcher1 ,r4,n41 made up of hardy ,english and ,scotch settlers4 ,with the payment of its debt insured by the ten millions received from the ,united ,states1 ,texas must become one of the most flourishing states of the ,union4 ,,mexico4 ,recent advices from ,mexico lead to apprehensions that the unquiet and unsettled state of affairs may result in open attempts at a revolution in the government1 and an effort by the partisans of ,general ,santa ,anna to recall him from exile1 and place him at the head of the administration4 ,it is understood that the ,president has abandoned the liberal party and allied himself with the clergy4 ,a vigorous newspaper war is waged against the priests4 ,the ,mexican congress is engaged in devising ways and means to raise the necessary revenue to carry on the government4 ,the proposition to impose an additional tax of eight per cent on all foreign merchandise imported into the ,republic1 has been adopted by the ,chamber of ,deputies4 ,,british ,,america4 ,the subject of the clergy reserves1 which for a quarter of a century has almost been constantly debated in ,upper ,canada1 has lately been agitated with unprecedented earnestness and bitterness4 ,the popular and ,english party advocate the appropriation of the funds thus accruing to purposes of general education4 ,the ,board of ,trade of ,toronto has passed a vote of censure upon the ,council1 for having memorialized the government to impose differential duties against ,american manufactures4 ,the census returns for #ahej give the population of ,canada at nearly #hjj1jjj4 ,the proceeds of clergy reserve sales1 during the year1 were #bbj1dbh4 ,in the ,legislative ,assembly1 a series of resolutions has been moved for the repeal of the union between ,upper and ,lower ,canada4 ,efforts are being made to construct a railroad from ,halifax to ,hamilton1 where it is to join the ,great ,western road1 constituting a continuous line from ,halifax to ,detroit4 ,,west ,,indies4 ,we have dates of ,port-au-,prince to the #cjth of ,june4 ,the coronation of the ,emperor ,soulouque will take place very soon4 ,should no bishop arrive from ,rome1 the ,emperor may create a native bishop4 ,at the coronation1 a general amnesty is expected for all political exiles1 whose return to ,hayti will be beneficial1 for among them are men of wealth and intelligence4 ,the affairs of the country have assumed a more pacific aspect4 ,immediately after the recent proclamation of the ,emperor to the ,dominicans1 several agents were sent to different points on the frontier1 to induce the enemy to enter on amicable relations4 ,with a single exception1 these missions were successful1 and a number of ,dominicans were expected in ,port-au-,prince1 for purposes of trade4 ,the universal desire of the ,haytian people1 as well as of the government1 is said to be that the dispute may be honorably settled4 ,the ,emperor1 however1 has not relinquished the idea of effecting a reannexation of the territory of ,dominica to ,hayti4 ,the excessive issues of ,treasury bonds and paper currency are proving prejudicial to the true interests of the country4 ,the number of negroes brought to ,cuba from the coast of ,africa1 during the past fourteen months1 is #ad1ejj4 ,very heavy rains have fallen in the interior and in the neighborhood of ,manzanilla4 ,,south ,,america4 ,in the number of the ,christian ,review for the ,july quarter is a very comprehensive1 intelligible1 and apparently perfectly correct survey of the condition of the ,south ,american states1 to which we refer readers who would possess more minute information on the subject than can be embraced in this summary4 ,the condition of ,,peru appears favorable for the maintenance of peace and order4 ,the laws relating to elections1 municipal governments1 and other topics connected with the internal affairs of the country1 have been considered by ,congress1 in accordance with the recommendation of the ,president4 ,the election of ,gen4 ,vivanca1 the unsuccessful candidate for the ,presidency1 as representative in ,congress1 has been pronounced invalid1 on account of his not holding the rights of citizenship4 ,the change of ministry was received with satisfaction in all the departments1 except ,arequipa1 which continued in a state of disturbance4 ,the ,governor's proclamation1 requiring that all arms should be surrendered to the government1 was the occasion of a fresh outbreak4 ,arequipa was thrown into a state of siege3 the streets were filled with barricades3 trenches were constructed at all the avenues to the city3 and every obstacle opposed to the entrance of the troops which were encamped in the vicinity4 ,gen4 ,vivanca1 whose party have caused these disturbances1 is in prison at ,lima2 but whether he is personally implicated is uncertain4 ,the ,government of ,,bolivia has issued the plan of a new ,constitution1 proposing among other measures1 the preservation of the ,roman ,catholic religion as the religion of the state1 the maintenance of amicable relations with ,american and ,european states1 the liberty of the press1 the independence of the judicial authority1 the freedom of opinion on political subjects1 and the protection of foreigners in the exercise of commercial pursuits4 ,a ,national ,convention has been convoked for the #afth of ,july4 ,the number of deputies was to be #ec4 ,an insurrection has taken place in ,new-,grenada--the two southern provinces1 ,pasto and ,tuquerres1 having united in an attempt to overthrow the government1 with the aid and encouragement of ,ecuador4 ,the ,president at once dispatched a military force to the scene of the revolt1 but at the last advices it had not succeeded in its object1 though two or three engagements had taken place4 ,the government has issued proposals for a loan of #djj1jjj in specie1 and unless this is effected soon1 recourse must be had to forced contributions to defray the expenses of the war4 ,congress has abolished slavery1 requiring only certain payments to the masters4 ,no disturbance had arisen from the measure4 ,,great ,,britain4 ,in the ,british ,parliament important reforms in the ,chancery system are still under discussion1 and ,lord ,brougham is as ardent a reformer as he was thirty years ago4 ,the census of ,great ,britain1 taken on the #cast of ,march last1 is a remarkable document4 ,it shows that the small cluster of the ,british isles contains a larger population than the whole of this republic1 exclusive of its slaves4 ,the metropolis numbers upwards of two millions and a quarter1 and added to its denizens during the last ten years about as many souls as ,new-,york now reckons within its limits4 ,but a more extraordinary and altogether different result appears in ,ireland4 ,it seems that the population of ,ireland is at this moment very little more than six millions and a half4 ,it is absolutely less than it was in #ahba1 and more than two millions short of the number that would have been reached in the natural order of things1 but for the extraordinary occurrences of the last ten years4 ,so startling a fact will of course become the subject of the closest inquiries4 ,the ,anti-,papal ,bill finally passed the ,house of ,commons1 by a large majority1 on the #dth of ,july4 ,it had previously been amended on the motion of ,sir ,f4 ,thesiger1 and in spite of the opposition of the ministers1 so as to be much more than the ,government had designed4 ,these amendments make provisions of the bill extend to all ,papal bulls and rescripts1 impose a penalty of one hundred pounds upon any who obtain or publish them1 and make it the right of any individual to sue for the recovery of the fine4 ,the law is stringent1 and in ,america would be both impolitic and unnecessary4 ,but there is no doubt that the ,lords will adopt the bill1 and that it will become the law of the land4 ,the state of the ,church and its abuses have been presented in the ,commons by ,mr4 ,horsman1 ,sir ,b4 ,hall1 and ,lord ,blandford1 who brought up various facts1 and contended that a bishop need not have better pay than a prime minister1 that the funds of the establishment were enough to support an efficient clergy and leave something for national schools1 and that the ,church does not supply the spiritual wants of the people4 ,such discussions must finally result in the overthrow of the establishment4 ,some excitement is caused by an appeal addressed to the ,italians by the authorities at ,rome asking for aid to ,roman ,catholic missions in ,london1 in which this great work is most earnestly recommended to the charity of ,italian believers1 and to the zeal of the bishops of ,italy4 ,archbishop ,minucci1 of ,florence1 has also called on the people of his diocese for aid in constructing an ,italian church in ,london1 where the spiritual wants of the faithful may be cared for1 and announcing an indulgence of one hundred days for those who shall contribute for this object4 ,an attempt has been made to prevent the adulteration of coffee with chicory4 ,it was thought possible to do this by means of a government inspection1 but the motion failed4 ,the ,exhibition is still prosperous4 ,the gross receipts already amount to a million and a half of dollars4 ,the number of troops in ,ireland has1 in consequence of the quiet and improved condition of that country1 been reduced from about #bf1jjj to the present strength of #ah1jjj men4 ,the decrees of the ,thurles synod1 condemning the ,queen's colleges1 as institutions dangerous to faith and morals1 have been sanctioned by the ,pope1 without any change or qualifications4 ,some slight alterations have been made in the statutes of the synod1 respecting matters of ecclesiastical discipline in the various dioceses2 but those which refer to the colleges have been approved without any modification4 ,the ,cork ,constitution says1 ,there is a great diminution in the number of emigrants proceeding to ,america4 ,only four or five vessels are now at the quays preparing to leave4 ,it is with difficulty the requisite number of emigrants can be made up1 many preferring to go by ,liverpool4 ,nearly a hundred ,hungarian refugees had arrived at ,southampton1 from ,constantinople4 ,lord ,john ,russell has intimated that the ,government will defray the expense of their passage to ,new-,york1 and of their subsistence during the time they may remain in ,southampton1 waiting arrangements for this purpose4 ,amongst the refugees is the distinguished ,hungarian ,lieut4 ,general ,loisar ,messaros4 ,preparations for another ,peace ,congress have been made on a large scale4 ,in one important particular the ,london ,congress will be distinguished above all others2 and that is1 in the greater breadth of representative character which it will acquire2 for associated bodies who have never hitherto manifested a direct interest in the peace question are preparing to send delegates on this occasion4 ,the official returns of the shipwrecks of the ,united ,kingdom during the past year1 show that the average is nearly two a day2 and the amount1 thus far1 four vessels only propelled by steam1 and six hundred and sixty-eight sailing vessels of every description4 ,the difference in the number of steam and sailing vessels afloat is far from the proportion of disasters4 ,navigation by steam is thus demonstrated to be much the safest4 ,the #dth of ,july was celebrated in ,london with appropriate honors by the ,american residents and others4 ,mr4 ,george ,peabody issued cards of invitation to meet the ,united ,states ,minister and ,mrs4 ,lawrence at a fete which he was to give in the evening1 and about seven or eight hundred persons were present1 including the ,american families in ,london1 and a large proportion of the nobility and public persons in ,england1 by whom the idea was received with the greatest satisfaction4 ,the ,duke of ,wellington1 the ,chancellor of the ,exchequer1 the ,lord ,mayor1 the ,duke of ,valencia1 the ,count and ,countess ,pulzki1 ,lord ,glenelg1 ,viscount ,canning1 ,miss ,burdett ,coutts1 the ,american ,ministers to ,london1 ,st4 ,petersburg1 and ,brussels1 and a great number of other eminent persons attended1 besides ,catharine ,hayes1 ,lablache1 ,gardoni1 and ,cruvelli1 who sang during the evening1 and were received with more than usual applause4 ,the affair was one of the grandest of the season4 ,,france4 ,in ,france the chief events of importance are connected with the project for the revision of the ,constitution4 ,after a long struggle the subject was given to a committee1 at the head of which was ,de ,tocqueville4 ,his report1 as presented to the committee on the #dth of ,july1 had not at the last dates received when this sheet goes to press1 come before the public in an authentic form2 but it is understood that it treats of three principal points4 ,in the first place1 ,m4 de ,tocqueville enters boldly into the question between the republicans and monarchists4 ,he examines with skill the pretensions of the republic to ,divine right put forward in the ,commission itself by ,general ,cavaignac1 and sustained by him with impassioned energy and an accent of conviction which astonished the members4 ,m4 de ,tocqueville denies this pretended ,divine right1 and maintains that of the nation to choose the form of government that may best suit it--a right which is absolute1 superior1 and indisputable4 ,secondly1 he is said to oppose1 by anticipation1 any species of amendment which would have the effect of confining the next ,constituent ,assembly within any limits1 or force on it the obligation of revising the constitution for the sole end of ameliorating and consolidating them1 and to maintain that the ,constituent ,assembly should be invested with a general and unlimited mission1 in order that it may act in the plenitude of a really constituent power2 and thirdly1 he is described as expressing hopes that the ,assembly will adopt the proposition accepted by the majority of the commission2 that a constituent assembly will be chosen2 that the constitution will be revised or remodelled2 and in such case that all will consider it their duty to conform to it2 that if the proposition of revision be not admitted1 the constitution of #ahdh shall remain as the supreme and sovereign law for all2 that the only alternative will be to maintain1 until the term of a new period of three years1 the provisional form of the actual government--it being of course understood1 that1 in such case1 each person will feel it his duty to conform to the constitution1 and to abstain from every act which would be tantamount to its violation4 ,it is added that ,m4 de ,tocqueville developes this proposition in such a manner as to oppose all unconstitutional candidateships2 that is1 of the actual ,president1 the ,prince de ,joinville1 and ,ledru ,rollin4 ,the friends of ,louis ,napoleon have favored the revision1 in the hope that by it they might prolong his term4 ,several speeches lately made by the president have given a more favorable impression than that which he made at ,dijon4 ,one at ,poitiers1 on the occasion of the opening of a railroad1 has given satisfaction to moderate men of all parties1 who believe it honest4 ,a bill to interdict clubs has been again adopted without any attempt at alteration4 ,general ,aupick is announced as the new ambassador to ,spain4 ,count ,colonna ,walewski1 an illegitimate son of the ,emperor ,napoleon1 has reached the highest round of the diplomatic ladder by being sent as ambassador to the ,court of ,st4 ,james4 ,the ,pays announces that the question of ,abd-el-,kader's captivity is on the point of receiving a satisfactory solution4 ,the committee charged to examine the bill for the ratification of the treaties of ,la ,plata is disposed to propose simply the ratification of those treaties4 ,at ,charente1 recently1 thirty-two adult ,roman ,catholics of both sexes1 in the presence of a numerous congregation1 in the ,protestant church1 publicly abjured the ,roman ,catholic and embraced the ,protestant faith4 ,a measure introduced by ,m4 de ,st4 ,beuve in the ,national ,assembly for a commercial reform1 by modifying the present restrictive tariff1 so as to accomplish a gradual approach to free trade1 had been rejected by a majority of #dbh to #aii4 ,m4 ,thiers on this occasion made a great speech against free trade1 which is much criticised by the ,english press4 ,the ,london ,times calls ,thiers the evil genius of ,france4 ,the most recent commercial letters received from various parts of ,france represent affairs as somewhat recovering from the gloomy appearance they wore some days since4 ,the manufacturers have received numerous orders for the great fair of ,beaucaire1 which will be held in ,july4 ,the ,bank of ,france has announced a dividend of fifty-five francs per share for the first half year of #ahea4 ,,italy4 ,on the evening of the #gth of ,may1 the ,count ,piero ,guicciardini1 the descendant of the great historian1 had met in a private house in ,florence six persons whose names are given in a decree1 and before the party broke up1 ,count ,guicciardini read and expounded a chapter of the ,gospel of ,st4 ,john4 ,at ten o'clock the house was entered by eight gendarmes2 a perquisition began1 in the style now customary in ,tuscany2 the depositions of the party assembled were taken down2 and as it was fully proved by such depositions that a chapter of the ,bible had been read by ,count ,guicciardini1 the whole of the seven offenders were straightway led to the police delegation of ,santa ,maria ,novella1 where their arrest was signed by the delegate1 and a little after midnight they were lodged in the ,bargello1 or public prison4 ,for ten days ,count ,guicciardini and his companions were kept in confinement and subjected to repeated examinations1 and finally the sentence of forced residence in different parts of the ,tuscan ,maremme was passed on each of the accused4 ,this illustration of the liberality of the ,roman ,catholic ,church--though in perfect keeping with its perpetual policy--has produced a profound sensation4 ,it might have escaped without much observation but for the eminence of the parties1 and the claims made lately in ,england1 that the ,roman ,catholic authorities were as tolerant as they asked that others should be to them1 in all matters of personal rights4 ,the ,french military commandant in ,rome has been exercising his authority with great1 but probably requisite severity4 ,two ,roman soldiers have been tried by ,french court martial1 and executed for riotous conduct1 and seven others have been doomed to the same fate4 ,the ,pope also has been threatened with expulsion from the ,quirinal ,palace1 which the above-mentioned authority thought at one time would be essential as a military post4 ,so far1 the weak-minded holder of ,st4 ,peter's keys has not suffered the mortification of a second forced retreat1 although1 between his military guardians of ,france and ,austria and his own discontented subjects1 his position is scarcely an enviable one4 ,the three young ,englishmen arrested at ,leghorn yet remain imprisoned2 but their real names do not appear4 ,,germany4 ,the military authorities of ,austria give as much offence in ,germany as the ,french in ,rome4 ,at ,hamburg1 several citizens have been killed in a fray with the ,austrian soldiers1 begun by the insolence of the latter4 ,in ,hesse ,cassel1 the ,government has been compelled to grant immunities to the ,roman ,catholic clergy1 scarcely compatible with the institutions of a ,protestant country1 under the compulsion of ,austrian bayonets4 ,the ,goettingen ,professors have decided that the ,government of ,electoral ,hesse was not required by the ,constitution to procure the assent of the ,chambers to the levy of taxes last year2 this is the point on which the revolutionary manifestations turned4 ,we have not the ,constitution at hand1 and cannot apprehend the grounds of this decision1 but it is singular that all the magistrates and people of the country1 who ought to have known something of their constitution1 should have unanimously held a different opinion4 ,the ,prussian government have withdrawn the summons for the assembling of the provincial diets1 no doubt on account of the universal condemnation excited by it4 ,a decided schism has of late manifested itself in the commercial policy advocated by ,north and ,south ,germany4 ,whilst the attempt to procure higher protective duties in the ,zollverein has continually been defeated by the liberal principals supported by ,prussia4 ,south ,germany1 on the other hand1 has come forward openly with the intention to assert an independent line of action4 ,,spain4 ,accounts from ,madrid of the #b;d ,july1 state that ,m4 ,jose ,sanchez ,ocana1 director general of the public treasury1 has been appointed under secretary of state of the finance department1 in the place of ,m4 ,bordia1 director general of the customs4 ,m4 ,rudulfo1 inspector of the finances at ,madrid1 succeeded ,m4 ,ocana in the direction of the public treasury4 ,france1 by her diplomatic agents at ,madrid1 strives to influence the ,spanish government in regard to a more active repression of the slave trade in its colonies4 ,mr4 ,schoelcher adverted to the passage of the recent speech of the ,emperor of ,brazil1 touching the abolition of the traffic1 as meant simply to please ,england--like all other speeches from thrones1 in which the design is to give a sort of satisfaction to the foreign powers with whom friendly relations are desirable4 ,the amendment was rejected by #cci nays to #bcj ayes4 ,,russia4 ,letters from ,posen allude to an ukase which had appeared1 compelling all individuals throughout ,russia and ,poland to sell to the government1 within a specified period1 whatever uncoined silver they might have in their possession4 ,an indemnity in paper money was authorized to be given on behalf of the treasury4 ,a body of ,belgian weavers and dyers has been engaged to go to ,st4 ,petersburg to set up their trade4 ,in ,circassia the ,russian army has met with a serious defeat2 in a battle where it had #be1jjj men engaged1 it lost #e1jjj4 ,,austria ,,and ,,turkey4 ,the ,emperor has appointed ,count ,rechburg ,internuncio at the court of ,constantinople4 ,accounts from ,comorn state that violent shocks of an earthquake were felt there on the #ast4 ,the shocks were accompanied by violent claps of thunder4 ,the clocks in all the church towers struck2 scarcely a single house remained uninjured2 numerous chimneys fell in1 and the furniture and utensils in the rooms were overthrown and broken4 ,many accidents had occurred1 but providentially1 not any of a fatal nature are yet known4 ,scientific ,discoveries and ,proceedings of ,learned ,societies4 ,the ,,british ,,association met this year on the second of ,july1 at ,ipswich4 ,among those present we notice the names of ,prince ,albert1 the ,prince of ,canino1 the ,duke of ,argyle1 the ,earl of ,rosse1 the ,earl of ,enniskillen1 the ,earl of ,sheffield1 ,lord ,monteagle1 ,lord ,londesborough1 ,lord ,stradbroke1 ,lord ,rendlesham1 ,lord ,abercorn1 ,lord ,alfred ,paget1 ,lord ,wrottesley1 the ,bishop of ,oxford1 ,sir ,charles ,lemon1 ,sir ,roderick ,murchison1 ,sir ,charles ,lyell1 ,sir ,henry de la ,beche1 ,sir ,edward ,cust1 ,sir ,william ,jardine1 ,sir ,william ,middleton1 ,sir ,w4 ,j4 ,hooker1 ,sir ,j4 ,t4 ,boileau1 ,professors ,airy1 ,asa ,gray1 ,harvey1 ,sedgwick1 ,henslow1 ,owen1 ,sylvester1 ,forbes1 ,bell1 ,anstead1 ,phillips1 and ,faraday1 ,dr4 ,lyon ,playfair1 ,dr4 ,hooker1 and many eminent scientific men4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at a recent meeting of the ,,asiatic ,,society in ,london1 a report of the ,oriental ,translation ,committee mentioned the printing of the second volume of the ,travels of ,evliva ,effendi1 of the fifth volume of ,haji ,khalfae ,lexicon1 and of the ,makamat of ,hariri4 ,the ,committee had received from ,col4 ,rawlinson the offer of a translation of the valuable and rare geographical work of ,yakut1 which it accepted1 and is about to proceed with the printing of the third and concluding volume of ,m4 ,garcin de ,tassy's ,histoire de la ,litterature ,hindoui et ,hindoustani1 including a ,memoir on ,hindustani ,songs1 with numerous translations4 ,the ,report concluded with noticing the presentation of ,william the ,fourth's gold medal to ,prof4 ,h4 ,h4 ,wilson1 in acknowledgment of his services to ,oriental literature generally1 and especially in testimony of the merits of his translation of the ,vishnu ,purana4 ,the annual ,report of the ,council gave some notice of the progress of ,babylonian and ,assyrian decipherment as carried out by ,colonel ,rawlinson1 and now in the course of communication to the world by the ,society4 ,the ,babylonian version of the great ,behistun inscription was exhibited on the table2 and1 in allusion to it1 the ,report contained a concise resume of what had been done from the information of ,colonel ,rawlinson himself1 who is of opinion that the inscriptions read extend over a period of #a1jjj years--from ,b4,c4 #bjjj to #ajjj2 that he has ascertained the religion of the ancient ,assyrians and ,babylonians to have been strictly ,astral or ,sabaean2 and as he finds among the gods the names of ,belus1 ,ninus and ,semiramis1 he thinks that the dynasties given by the ,greeks were1 in fact1 lists of mythological names4 ,the geography of ,western ,asia as it was #d1jjj years ago appears to be clearly made out4 ,col4 ,rawlinson finds a king of ,cadytis1 or ,jerusalem1 named ,kanun1 a tributary of the king who built the palace of ,khursabad1 warring with a ,pharaoh of ,egypt1 and defeating his armies on the south frontier of ,palestine4 ,the ,meshec and ,tubal of ,scripture were dwelling in ,north ,syria1 the ,hittites held the centre of the province1 and the commercial cities of ,tyre and ,sidon and ,gaza and ,acre flourished on the coasts4 ,and so well does ,colonel ,rawlinson find the geography made out1 that he is of opinion he can identify every province and city named in the inscriptions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the last ,bulletin of the ,,geographical ,,society of ,paris1 opens with an appeal to the governments of ,europe and ,america1 for the adoption of a ,common ,first ,meridian4 ,the author1 ,m4 ,sedillor1 is a high authority in geographical science1 and would trace an imaginary line in the midst of the ,ocean2 designate it by some systematic term1 acceptable to all1 and bring1 thus1 ,europe and the new world into a community of views and interests apart from all national prejudices or pretension4 ,the appeal followed by a letter of ,m4 ,jomard on the same subject1 and another from the traveller ,antony ,d',abbadie1 who prefers ,mont ,blanc1 or ,jerusalem--against which the ,christians of ,america can have no objection4 ,among the contents of the ,bulletin1 is a notice of ,lieut4 ,com4 ,mac,arthur's report1 eighteenth ,december1 #ahej1 to ,professor ,bache1 which has been translated entire for the ,hydrographical ,annals1 a periodical work4 ,mr4 ,squier's ,observations on the ,route of the ,proposed ,canal across the ,isthmus of ,nicaragua1 are also translated4 ,there is a paper of some compass1 on the various projects and undertakings for a communication between the ,oceans and a like one on the services rendered to geography by the ,french and ,british missionaries4 ,those of the ,german and ,american1 who have not been less zealous1 will be duly credited and recorded1 when materials can be obtained for the purpose4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at the meeting for the #bbnd ,may1 of the ,,royal ,,society ,,of ,,literature1 in ,london1 a very interesting ,greek ,,ms4 was exhibited4 ,it is owned by a ,mr4 ,arden1 who purchased it of an ,arab near ,thebes4 ,it is nearly four yards long1 divided into pages or columns containing twenty-eight lines1 the length of which exceeds six inches1 and the breadth two inches2 the whole is written in a large and clear hand1 with great accuracy1 since few corrections or interpolations are visible4 ,although it is difficult to assign to it the actual age1 still there seems to be every reason to conjecture that it is of the commencement of the present era--or indeed1 which is by no means improbable1 that it was written a century or two before the birth of ,christ4 ,the delicacy of the texture of the papyrus will afford a strong presumption in favor of the latter period2 for it is well known to ,egyptologists that a coarseness and inferiority of papyrus indicate a more recent date4 ,the first portion of the ,,ms4 is much broken1 and presents many gaps and fragments2 the end of it bears the title of an ,apology1 or ,defence of ,lycophron4 ,the second1 or larger portion of the ,,ms41 is much more perfect1 as it contains only here and there an hiatus1 which will probably be easily restored2 at its termination we are informed that it is a ,defence of the accusation of ,euxenippus against ,polyeuctus4 ,the author of these orations will1 in all likelihood1 prove to be the great ,athenian orator ,hyperides1 whose works have been long lost4 ,indeed1 this appears to be almost certain1 since some of the ,greek lexicographers mention a speech of ,hyperides 'for ,lycophron1' and another 'against ,polyeuctus concerning the accusation4' ,but who ,lycophron was1 and what was the nature of the defence for him1 remain to be more amply detailed4 ,the subject of this second oration1 however1 appears to be known1--for ,polyeuctus1 the ,athenian orator1 was accused1 with ,demosthenes1 of receiving a bribe from ,harpalus4 ,moreover1 the fragments of a papyrus ,,ms4 procured a few years ago at ,egyptian ,thebes by ,dr4 ,harris1 lately ably edited by ,mr4 ,babington1 at ,cambridge1 and proved to be parts of the oration of ,hyperides against ,demosthenes1 are so exceedingly similar1 both in handwriting and the papyrus1 to the present ,,ms4 belonging to ,mr4 ,arden1 that it is not improbable but that they may have been copied by the same ,greek scribe and may originally have formed one entire ,,ms4 roll of the orations of ,hyperides4 ,a careful examination and comparison of these interesting ,,mss4 will1 after a time1 decide these questions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at a late sitting of the ,paris ,academy of ,medicine1 ,m4 ,,orfila1 the celebrated toxicologist1 read a paper on ,nicotine--the poison used in the ,bocarme murder4 ,it is the essential principle of tobacco4 ,virginia tobacco yields the largest proportion of nicotine2 from twenty pounds1 were extracted four hundred grammes of the poison2 a gramme is equal to #ae4ddd grains troy4 ,the ,maryland leaf affords about a third of that quantity4 ,nicotine is nearly as powerful and rapid as prussic acid with the animal economy4 ,five or six drops applied to the tongue of a dog1 killed in ten minutes4 ,the progress which medical jurisconsults have made recently1 is so great1 that poisoning by morphine1 strychnine1 prussic acid1 and other vegetable substances1 hitherto regarded as inaccessible to our means of investigation1 may now be detected and recognized in the most incontestable manner4 ,m4 ,ortila1 in closing his notice1 says3 ,after these results of judicial medical investigation1 the public need be under no apprehension4 ,no doubt intelligent and clever criminals1 with a view to thwart the surgeons1 will sometimes have recourse to very active poisons little known by the mass1 and difficult of detection1 but science is on the alert1 and soon overcomes all difficulty2 penetrating into the utmost depths of our organs1 it brings out the proof of the crime1 and furnishes one of the greatest pieces of evidence against the guilty4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in the ,,london ,,royal ,,institution1 ,may #bc1 ,m4 ,ebelman1 of the ,sevres works1 near ,paris1 being present with various specimens of the minerals which he has produced artificially1--,mr4 ,faraday stated the process and results generally4 ,the process consists in employing a solvent1 which shall first dissolve the mineral or its constituents2 and shall further1 either on its removal or on a diminution of its dissolving powers1 permit the mineral to aggregate in a crystaline condition4 ,such solvents are boracic acid1 borax1 phosphate of soda1 phosphoric acid1 c43--the one chiefly employed by ,m4 ,ebelman is boracic acid4 ,by putting together certain proportions of alumina and magnesia1 with a little oxide of crome or other coloring matter1 and fused boracic acid into a fit vessel1 and inclosing that in another1 so that the whole could be exposed to the high heat of a porcelain or other furnace1 the materials became dissolved in the boracic acid2 and then as the heat was continued the boracic acid evaporated1 and the fixed materials were found combined and crystallized1 and presenting new specimens of spinel4 ,in this way crystals having the same form1 hardness1 color1 specific gravity1 composition1 and effect on light as the true ruby1 the cymophane1 and other mineral bodies were prepared1 and were in fact identical with them4 ,chromates were made1 the emerald and corundum crystalized1 the peridot formed1 and many combinations as yet unknown to mineralogists produced4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at a meeting of the ,,berlin ,,academy ,,of ,,sciences1 held on ,may #ca last1 the venerable ,alexander von ,humboldt made an interesting communication upon some observations of singular movements of fixed stars4 ,it seems that at ,trieste1 ,january #ag1 #ahea1 between #g and #h o'clock ,p4,m41 before the rising of the moon1 when the star ,sirius was not far from the horizon1 it was seen to perform a remarkable series of eccentric movements4 ,it rose and sank1 moved left and right1 and sometimes seemed to move in a curved line4 ,the observers were ,mr4 ,keune1 a student in the upper class of the gymnasium1 and ,mr4 ,thugutt1 a saddler1 both certified to be reliable persons4 ,the family of the latter also beheld the phenomena1 ,mr4 ,keune1 with his head leaned immovably against a wall1 saw ,sirius rise in a right line above the roof of a neighboring house1 and immediately again sink out of sight behind it1 and then again appear4 ,its motions were so considerable that for some time the beholders thought it was a lantern suspended by a kite4 ,it also varied in brilliancy1 growing alternately brighter and fainter1 and now and then being for moments quite invisible1 though the sky was perfectly clear4 ,as far as it is known1 this phenomenon has been remarked but twice before1 once in #agii from the ,peak of ,teneriffe by ,von ,humboldt himself1 and again nearly fifty years later1 by a well-informed and careful observer1 ,prince ,adalbert1 of ,prussia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in the great ,exhibition1 the ,athenaeum says1 ,daguerreotypes are largely displayed by the ,french1--as might have been expected1 that country being proud of the discovery3 but the examples exhibited by the ,americans surpass in general beauty of effect any which we have examined from other countries4 ,this has been attributed to difference in the character of the solar light as modified by atmospheric conditions2 we are not1 however1 disposed to believe that to be the case4 ,we have certain indications that an increased intensity of light is not of any advantage1 but rather the contrary1 for the production of daguerreotypes2 the luminous rays appearing to act as balancing powers against the chemical rays4 ,now1 this being the case1 we know of no physical cause by which the superiority can be explained1--and we are quite disposed to be sufficiently honest to admit that the mode of manipulation has more to do with the result than any atmospheric influences4 ,however this may be1 the character of the daguerreotypes executed in ,america is very remarkable4 ,there are a fulness of tone and an artistic modulation of light and shadow which in ,england we do not obtain4 ,the striking contrasts of white and black are shown decidedly enough in the ,british examples exhibited in the gallery1--but here there are coldness and hardness of outline4 ,within the shadow of the eagle and the striped banner we find no lights too white and no shadows too dark3 they dissolve1 as in ,nature1 one into the other in the most harmonious and truthful manner1--and the result is1 more perfect pictures4 ,the ,hyalotypes or glass pictures are of a remarkable character4 ,they are but a modification of the processes of ,mr4 ,talbot and of ,m4 ,evrard as applied to glass2 but the idea of copying ,nature on this material1--and1 having obtained a fixed picture of the shadowed image1 of magnifying it by means of the magic lantern1 and thus producing a truthful representation of the original1--is certainly due to the artist of ,philadelphia4 ,many beautiful views of the ,smithsonian ,institute1 of the ,custom-house at ,philadelphia1 and of churches in several cities in the ,united ,states1 show the minuteness of the detail which can be obtained by the use of the albuminized glass4 ,amongst the professed improvements ,mr4 ,beard exhibits some enamelled daguerreotypes1 in which the permanence of the picture is secured by a lacquer4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in the ,,royal ,,geographical ,,society1 in ,london1 the ,president1 regretting the undignified controversies respecting the rise and course of the ,nile which had taken place1 unhesitatingly expressed his conviction that no ,european traveller1 from ,bruce downwards1 had yet seen the source of the true ,white ,nile4 ,concerning this1 we may still exclaim ,ignotum1 plus notus1 ,nile1 per ortum4 99 99 99 99 99 ,experiments with chloroform as a propelling power1 in the place of steam1 are now making in the port of ,l',orient2 and there is reason to hope1 from the success which has already attended them1 that they will result in causing a considerable saving to be effected in cost and in space4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,geological ,,society ,,of ,,france will hold its annual meeting this year at ,dijon4 ,the ,congress will commence on the #adth of ,september4 ,recent ,deaths4 ,,general ,m4 ,,arbuckle1 ,u4,s4,a41 died on the #aath of ,june1 at ,fort ,smith4 ,he was about #ge years of age1 and had been nearly fifty years in the army1 and twenty on the ,arkansas frontier4 ,at the time of his death1 he was commander of the #gth ,military ,department of the ,united ,states ,army1 and had held that station for several years1 and was peculiarly calculated for the office1 being thoroughly acquainted with the ,indians1 and ,indian character1 he always had their confidence1 and by that means1 kept up and maintained friendly relations with them on behalf of the ,united ,states4 ,the ,st4 ,louis ,republican remarks that1 as a man1 ,gen4 ,,arbuckle was honest and humane1 loved and respected by every person with whom he had intercourse4 ,no one pursued a more straight-forward course in all transactions4 ,he was strictly economical in expenditures for the ,government4 ,his whole mind was engrossed with the present expedition of the #eth ,infantry to the ,brazos1 and on the frontier of ,texas1 and he gave orders and directions for conducting1 it as long as he was able to converse4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,,chevalier ,,parisot ,,de ,,guymont1 who belonged to the family of ,lavalette1 the illustrious ,grand ,master of the ,order of ,malta1 of which the chevalier was one of the few surviving knights1 has just died in the convent of ,st4 ,jean de ,catane1 in ,sicily1 to which the directing chapter of that celebrated order had retired4 ,he distinguished himself in the expedition which the last grand master sent against ,algiers towards the end of the eighteenth century2 and ,general ,bonaparte1 when he took possession of ,malta1 demanded to see ,m4 de ,guymont1 and received him with marked distinction4 ,he was in the seventy-seventh year of his age4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sir ,j4 ,,graham ,,dalzell1 ,,bart41 died on the seventeenth of ,june in ,edinburgh1 aged seventy-seven years4 ,he was president of the ,society for promoting ,useful ,arts in ,scotland1 vice-president of the ,african institute of ,paris1 and author of several works on science and history1 and of various articles in the ',encyclopaedia ,britannica4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the widow of ,,thomas ,,sheridan1 died in ,london on the ninth of ,june4 ,she was the author of ,carwell1 a very striking story illustrating the inequalities of punishment in the laws against forgery4 ,in a later novel1 ,aims and ,ends1 the same feminine and truthful spirit showed itself in lighter scenes of social life1 observing keenly1 and satirizing kindly4 ,mrs4 ,sheridan wrote always with ease1 unaffectedness1 and good-breeding1 her books every where giving evidence of the place she might have taken in society if she had not rather desired to refrain from mingling with it1 and keep herself comparatively unknown4 ,after her husband's early death she had devoted herself in retirement to the education of her orphan children2 when she re-appeared in society it seemed to be solely for the sake of her daughters1 on whose marriages she again withdrew from it2 and to none of her writings did she ever attach her name4 ,into the private sphere where her virtues freely displayed themselves1 and her patient yet energetic life was spent1 it is not permitted us to enter2 but we could not pass without this brief record what we know to have been a life as much marked by earnestness1 energy1 and self-sacrifice1 as by those qualities of wit and genius which are for ever associated with the name of ,sheridan4 ,three daughters survive her1 and one son--,lady ,dufferin1 the ,hon4 ,mrs4 ,norton1 ,lady ,seymour1 and ,mr4 ,brinsley ,sheridan1 the member of ,parliament for ,shaftesbury4 99 99 99 99 99 ,from ,stockholm we hear of the death of ,mr4 ,,andre ,,carlsson1 ,bishop of ,calmar1 and author of numerous and important works on philology1 theology and jurisprudence4 ,he occupied at one time the chair of ,greek language and literature at the ,university of ,lund1 and was1 say the ,swedish papers1 in his place in the ,diet1 a champion of religious liberty and parliamentary reform4 ,he has died at the great age of #id4 99 99 99 99 99 ,poland has lost a writer of distinction1 chiefly on geographical subjects1 in the person of ,count ,,stanislaus ,,plater4 ,he had long been eminent both in society and in literature4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,general ,,james ,,miller died in ,temple1 ,new-,hampshire1 on the #gth of ,july1 of paralysis1 aged #gf years4 ,he was born in ,peterboro1 ,n4 ,h41 and bred to the profession of the law4 ,in #ahaj he entered the ,army1 and served with distinction throughout the last war with ,great ,britain4 ,he rose rapidly from the rank of captain to that of major general4 ,he was present at ,tippecanoe1 under ,gen4 ,harrison1 but was prevented by sickness from taking part in the battle4 ,he rendered eminent services in the battles of ,chippeway1 ,bridgewater1 and ,lundy's ,lane1 making himself conspicuous by his courageous and intrepid conduct4 ,it was at the last named battle that he is said to have uttered the renowned declaration1 ,i'll try1 sir1 when asked if he could storm an important and nearly impregnable position of the enemy4 ,gen4 ,miller was subsequently made ,governor of the ,territory of ,arkansas4 ,afterwards he was collector of the port of ,salem1 which post he resigned in #ahdj4 ,he is the old soldier collector referred to in the introduction to ,hawthorne's ,scarlet ,letter4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the celebrated ,polish ,general ,,uminski died at ,wiesbaden on the #afth of ,june4 ,he was one of the most prominent actors in the last ,polish ,revolution1 but for several years had lived in great retirement at ,wiesbaden4 ,he was born in the year #aghj1 in the ,grand ,duchy of ,posen4 ,as early as #agid he commenced his military career1 as a volunteer under ,kosciusko4 ,when the ,poles were summoned to new efforts for freedom by ,dombrowski1 in #ahjf1 ,uminski was among the first to take up arms4 ,he formed a ,polish ,guard of ,honor for ,napoleon1 fought at ,dantzick1 received a wound at ,dirschau1 where he was taken prisoner and sentenced to death by a ,prussian ,court ,martial4 ,his sentence was not executed1 however1 as ,napoleon threatened reprisals4 ,in the war against ,austria he commanded ,dombrowski's advanced guard1 was made ,colonel1 and formed the #ajth4 hussar-regiment1 which signalized itself at ,masaisk1 in #ahab1 and at whose head he was the first to enter ,moscow4 ,in the retreat1 he saved the life of ,poniatowski4 ,at the battle of ,leipsic1 where he acted as ,brigadier ,general1 he was again wounded and taken prisoner4 ,after the dissolution of the national army of ,poland1 he entered into the ,polish-,russian service but soon obtained his discharge1 and lived in retirement in ,posen1 though without intermitting his efforts for the freedom of ,poland4 ,in the year #ahba he helped to found a patriotic union1 was arrested after accession of ,nicholas ,i1 and in the year #ahbf sentenced to six years' imprisonment in the fortress of ,glogau4 ,escaping from this in #ahca1 he went to ,warsaw1 and took part as a common soldier in the battle of ,wawre4 ,the next day he was made ,general of ,division4 ,on the #beth of ,february he beat ,diebitsch at ,grodno1 and distinguished himself in several other battles4 ,outlawed and hung in effigy at ,kosen1 he found an asylum in ,france4 ,the remainder of his subsequent life he passed in ,wiesbaden4 ,uminski was also known as a writer on military affairs4 ,those who knew him in the latter years of his exile1 are loud in their praises of the sweetness1 benevolence1 and dignity of his character4 ,he will be remembered for his devotion to ,polish liberty1 and the people1 who in future times shall struggle for the same boon1 will gain new encouragement from his glorious example4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,viscount ,,melville died on the tenth of ,june4 ,he was in his eightieth year1 having been born in #agga4 ,in #ahji1 he 7then the ,right ,honorable ,robert ,dundas71 was ,president of the ,board of ,trade under the ,perceval administration4 ,he succeeded his father in #ahaa1 and1 in #ahab1 when ,lord ,liverpool assumed the reins1 he became first ,lord of the ,admiralty1 which office he held during that long administration which ceased in ,april1 #ahbg1 by the death of the ,premier4 ,mr4 ,canning having been called to power1 ,lord ,melville retired with the majority of his former colleagues1 which caused some surprise at the time1 as he was favorable to the claims of the ,catholics1 which was understood to constitute the bond of the new administration4 ,the ,canning administration had a brief career1 and that of ,lord ,goderich1 the present ,earl of ,ripon1 which attempted to carry on affairs after the death of ,canning1 was still more brief4 ,on the ,duke of ,wellington becoming ,prime ,minister1 early in #ahbb1 ,lord ,melville resumed his former office1 the ,first ,lord of the ,admiralty1 and continued until the breaking up of the ,tory ,administration1 and the advent of the ,reform ,ministry of ,earl ,grey1 in ,november1 #ahcj4 ,he then ended his official career1 but for several years attended occasionally in the ,house of ,lords1 but he chiefly resided at the family seat4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,,dyce ,,sombre died in ,london1 ,july #a4 ,his history is very generally known4 ,he was understood to be the son of a ,german adventurer in ,india1 of the name of ,summer1 who espoused the late ,begum ,oomroo4 ,all manner of wild and scandalous stories are afloat as to the life of this woman and the death of her husband4 ,after her death1 ,mr4 ,dyce ,sombre came to ,europe1 and first made himself remarkable1 in ,italy1 by the extraordinary black marble monument which he caused to be executed and sent to ,india in memory of his benefactress4 ,his arrival in ,england1 with a reputation of almost fabulous wealth1 attracted much notice4 ,he became one of the feted lions of the season1 and ultimately married1 in #ahdj1 ,mary ,anne1 daughter of the ,earl ,st4 ,vincent4 ,a separation soon took place1 and the legal proceedings consequent on this ill-starred marriage1 followed by those adopted for the purpose of establishing ,mr4 ,dyce ,sombre's lunacy--were long matters of public talk and universal notoriety4 ,his attempt to enter public life was seconded by the worthy and enlightened electors of ,sudbury1 who sent him to ,parliament1 from whence he was speedily ejected on petition--the borough being soon afterwards disfranchised4 ,for the last few years ,mr4 ,sombre has resided on the ,continent1 to escape the effects of the decision of the ,court of ,chancery in his case--a decision against which he had come over to petition when he was seized with his fatal illness4 ,in consequence of his death in a state of lunacy1 his money in the funds1 railway shares1 and other property1 of the annual value of ,l#aa1jjj1 will become divisible between ,captain ,troup and ,general ,soldoli1 the husbands of his two sisters1 who are next of kin4 ,an additional sum1 producing ,l#d1jjj a year1 will also fall to their families on the death of ,mrs4 ,dyce ,sombre4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,bishop ,,medano1 of ,buenos ,ayres1 died in the second week of ,april4 ,he was #hc years old4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,,earl ,,of ,,shaftesbury1 one of the most notable of the members of the ,house of ,lords1 died at his country residence in ,dorsetshire1 on the #b;d of ,june1 aged eighty-four years4 ,though neither an orator nor a statesman1 he was one of the most remarkable personages of the age in which he lived4 ,his position as a public servant was quite peculiar2 and his character1 though it could not be called eccentric1 had little in common with the world around him4 ,,croply ,,ashley ,,cooper1 was the second son of the fourth ,lord ,shaftesbury4 ,that ,lord ,shaftesbury who became ,chancellor in the reign of ,charles ,,ii4 was the first peer in the ,cooper family1 and under the title of ,lord ,ashley was a member of the ,cabinet well known by the name of the ,cabal ,to him we are indebted for the ,habeas ,corpus ,act1 at least for being its chief promoter2 and he is likewise entitled to the gratitude of posterity for having introduced a measure to render the ,judges independent of the crown4 ,the third ,earl--grandson of the first--was the celebrated author of the ,characteristics4 ,the fourth was his son2 the fifth and sixth ,earls were his grandsons2 the former of these dying without male issue in #ahaa1 the earldom devolved on the deceased1 who was born in ,london on the #bast of ,december1 #agfh4 ,from ,winchester1 where he was contemporaneous with ,sidney ,smith1 and ,archbishop ,howley1 he in due course went to ,christchurch1 where he passed his time as most young men of rank do at college1 and graduated with quite as much credit as was then usually attained by the son of an ,earl2 after which he made those excursions on the continent of ,europe that our ancestors were accustomed to call the grand tour2 and all these operations he brought to a close before he had completed his twenty-second year4 ,his next step was to get into ,parliament1 and a seat in the ,house of ,commons was obtained for him in the usual way by family influence1 ,dorchester having had the advantage of calling him its member from the thirtieth of ,january1 #agij1 for a period exceeding twenty-one years4 ,this was pretty good experience in the more active branch of the ,legislature1 though the body that elected him was of that small and quiet order of constituencies that do not greatly overburden their members with the labors of representation4 ,mr4 ,cropley ,ashley ,cooper had1 therefore1 had a long apprenticeship to political life1 when1 by the death of his elder brother1 on the fourteenth of ,may1 #ahaa1 he succeeded to the peerage as sixth ,earl of ,shaftesbury4 ,the ,earl was nearly forty years of age when1 upon the death of ,fox1 the ,tories recovered their long possession of office1 and among their good deeds may be reckoned their appointment of ,lord ,shaftesbury1 then ,mr4 ,cooper1 to the office of ,clerk of the ,ordnance4 ,to the duties of his department he applied himself with marvellous zeal1 and it was always his own opinion that he there first acquired those habits of industry and method which rendered him one of the most efficient members of the ,upper ,house4 ,when1 on the death of his elder brother1 he reached the dignity of the peerage1 he thought it necessary to resign the clerkship of the ,ordnance1 though his private fortune was scarcely sufficient for a man encumbered with an earldom and a large family4 ,he took his seat as a peer in ,june1 #ahaa1 and it was not until ,november1 #ahad1 that he became permanently the ,chairman of ,committees2 the duties of which place were well done for nearly forty years by old ,lord ,shaftesbury1 who was never old when business pressed4 ,strong common sense1 knowledge of the statute law1 and above all1 uncompromising impartiality1 made him an autocrat in his department4 ,when once he heard a case1 and deliberately pronounced judgment1 submission almost invariably followed4 ,a man of the largest experience as a ,parliamentary agent has been heard to say that he remembered only one case in which the ,house reversed a decision of ,lord ,shaftesbury2 and on that occasion it became necessary to prevail on the ,duke of ,wellington to speak in order to overcome the old ,earl4 ,it would not be easy to cite many instances of men who have taken as active part in the business of a deliberative assembly after the age of #ge2 but the labors of ,lord ,shaftesbury were continued beyond that of fourscore4 ,to all outward seeming he was nearly as efficient at one period of his life as at another4 ,by the time he had reached the age of fifty1--which was about half-way through the fifteen years that ,lord ,liverpool's ,ministry held the government1--,lord ,shaftesbury's knowledge of his duties as chairman to the ,lords was complete1 and then he appeared to settle down in life with the air1 the habits1 the modes of thought and action1 natural to old age4 ,although there are few men now alive whose experience would enable them to contrast his performance of official duties with the manner in which they were discharged by his predecessor1 yet1 even in the absence of any thing like data1 there seems to be a general impression that the ,house of ,lords never could have had a more efficient chairman4 ,he was certainly a man of undignified presence1 of indistinct and hurried speech1 of hasty and brusque manner1 the last person whom a superficial observer would think of placing in the chair of the greatest senate that the world has ever seen2 yet it cannot be said that their lordships were ever wrong in their repeated elections of ,lord ,shaftesbury2 for in the formal business of committees he rarely allowed them to make a mistake1 while he was prompt as well as safe in devising the most convenient mode of carrying any principle into practical effect4 ,he was no theorist2 there was nothing of the speculative philosopher in the constitution of his mind2 and he therefore readily gained credit for being what he really was1 an excellent man of business4 ,it is well known that the ,lords1 sitting in committee1 are less prone to run riot than the other ,house2 still it required no small ability to keep them always in the right path1 as was the happy practice of ,lord ,shaftesbury4 ,in dealing with minute distinctions and mere verbal emendations1 a deliberative assembly occasionally loses its way1 and members sometimes ask1 ,what is it we are about8 ,this was a question which ,lord ,shaftesbury usually answered with great promptitude and perspicuity1 rarely failing to put the questions before their ,lordships in an unmistakable form4 ,another valuable quality of ,lord ,shaftesbury as a chairman consisted in his impatience of prosy1 unprofitable talk1 of which1 doubtless1 there is comparatively little in the ,upper ,house2 but even that little he labored to make less by occasionally reviving attention to the exact points at issue1 and sometimes1 by an excusable manoeuvre1 shutting out opportunity for useless discussion4 ,when he sat on the woolsack as speaker1 in the absence of the ,lord ,chancellor1 he deported himself after the manner of ,chancellors2 but when he got into his proper element at the table of the house1 nothing could be more rapid than his evolutions2 no hesitation1 no dubiety1 nor would he allow any one else to pause or doubt4 ,often has he been heard to say1 in no very gentle tones1 ,give me in that clause now2--,that's enough2--,it will do very well as it is2--,if you have anything further to propose1 move at once2--,get through the bill now1 and bring up that on the third reading4 ,he always made their ,lordships feel that1 come what might1 it was their duty to get through the bill2 and so expeditious was the old ,earl1 that he would get out of the chair1 bring up his report1 and move the ,house into another committee in the short time that sufficed for the ,chancellor to transfer himself from the woolsack to the ,treasury bench and back again4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,,thomas ,,wright ,,hill1 eminent in ,england for some of the most important improvements that have been made in the means of education during this century1 died on the #ith of ,june1 at the age of eighty-eight4 ,hazelwood ,school1 near ,birmingham1 established by ,mr4 ,hill1 was the most successful1 as it was the first large experiment as to the practicability of governing boys by other principles than that of terror1 of extending the range of scholastic acquirements beyond a superficial knowledge of the learned languages1 and of making the acquisition of sound knowledge not only a duty but a delight4 ,the views of ,mr4 ,hill were set forth in ,plans for the ,government and ,liberal ,instruction of ,boys in large numbers1 drawn from ,experience1 first published in #ahbc2 and a very elaborate paper in the ,edinburgh ,review of ,jan4 #ahbe1 brought the system into general notice4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,london ,builder contains a brief notice of ,,melchior ,,boisseree1 brother to ,sulpize ,boisseree1 whose death is much regretted throughout ,germany4 ,it was so far back as the year #ahjd1 that three young men1 citizens of ,cologne1 conceived the idea of collecting and resuscitating the mediaeval art-relics of the ,rhine-lands4 ,but what was1 probably1 but contemplated as a provincial undertaking1 soon attracted the eyes of ,europe1 and became a great fact of modern art-history4 ,when1 about #ahjh1 ,sulpize ,boisseree determined to devote himself entirely to the work on the ,cologne ,cathedral1 ,melchior and his brother ,bertram continued the research and collection of ancient paintings4 ,but already in #ahaj1 the old pictures had outgrown the scanty spaces appropriable to them at ,cologne4 ,they were transferred first to ,heidelberg1 and in #ahai the three brothers migrated with them to ,stuttgardt1 where the king afforded room to this unique gathering of mediaeval art4 ,it was ,melchior who chiefly attended to the restoration of the pictures1 and enriched the collection during his travels in the ,netherlands1 in #ahab and #ahac4 ,having found some of the pictures of ,hemling and ,memling1 it was he who first attracted notice to these excellent1 hitherto hardly known artists4 ,in #ahbg the collection was sold to ,ludwig of ,bavaria1 and as the ,pinakotheka 7where they were to be placed7 was not ready1 the pictures were conveyed to ,schleissheim4 ,in this retirement1 ,melchior ,boisseree devoted his whole attention to the art of glass painting1 which at that time was nigh considered as lost4 ,if now such great things are accomplished at ,munich in this department of ,art1 it was ,melchior 7conjointly with his brother ,bertram7 who paved the way by this collection of old specimens1 seen with astonishment by travellers from the whole of ,europe4 ,when ,bertram had died 7about #ahcj71 ,melchior joined his brother ,sulpize at ,bonn1 where ,melchior1 in the prosecution of his favored ,art-studies1 concluded his life in serene quiet and contentment4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in the death of ,,christian ,,tieck1 ,german sculpture has lost one of its most illustrious ornaments1 a man of rare intelligence1 of long experience1 and of profound artistic cultivation4 ,he was born in ,berlin1 on the #adth of ,august1 #aggf1 and early destined for a sculptor4 ,the poetic genius and rare qualities of his brother ,lewis ,tieck1 the poet1 his elder by three years1 and the graceful artistic and literary accomplishments of a sister1 afterward the ,baroness ,knooring1 inspired the young sculptor with the warmest interest in the then young and hopeful ,german literature and art4 ,this taste he never lost4 ,perhaps no artist1 so distinguished as an artist1 was ever so devoted to various study1 to the last moment of his life4 ,in #agig1 he went to ,paris as ,royal ,pensioner1 and although a sculptor1 entered ,david's studio1 and in the year #ahjj took the prize for sculpture4 ,in #ahja he returned to ,berlin1 and his distinguished talent was acknowledged4 ,goethe immediately summoned him to ,weimar1 and employed him in the adorning of the ,ducal palace1 and in the moulding of a series of busts4 ,of this latter an idealized head of ,goethe and of the philologist ,frederic ,august ,wolf1 are the best4 ,the young ,tieck continued in the closest correspondence with his brother1 who was then pursuing his poetical studies at ,jena and ,dresden1 and they went with ,rumohr to ,italy1 in the year #ahje1 and there by his beautiful busts1 won the friendship of ,william ,von ,humboldt1 a man of the most delicate and accurate artistic taste1 as well as of the noblest character and intellectual ability4 ,madame de ,stael invited ,tieck to execute sculptures at ,coppet1 for the ,neckar family1 and in #ahji the ,prince ,royal of ,bavaria1 ,louis1 selected ,tieck to mould the busts for the projected ,walhalla4 ,he did them1 and in #ahab passed into ,switzerland4 ,he lived in ,zurich1 where ,rauch was then engaged upon his noble work1 the reclining statue of ,queen ,louisa1 now at ,charlottenburg1 and a warm friendship was formed between the sculptors4 ,in #ahai he returned to ,berlin1 was elected into the ,senate of the ,academy1 and appointed ,professor by the ,grand ,duke of ,weimar4 ,he then quietly devoted himself to his art1 and ,berlin is beautiful with ,tieck's sculptures4 ,named1 in #ahcj director of the ,gallery of ,sculpture1 he did not relax his artistic activity1 and after a long illness he died gently in the spring of his year1 in the seventy-fifth year of his age4 ,his elder brother ,lewis1 the most deservedly famous of the living illustrations of ,german literature1 the only worthy translator of ,shakspeare1 the most genial friend1 the most single-hearted of poets1 whom the ,king honors and who loved ,novalis--now seventy-eight years old1 awaits in continued and patiently endured illness the gentle guiding of death to his best friend and brother4 ,ladies' ,summer ,fashions4 ,illustration ,the strong and superb stuffs of winter are quite superseded by ball dresses1 at the various watering places4 ,the elegantes seek toilettes which1 without being rich1 are remarkable for lightness and tasteful patterns4 ,we commend a white mousseline dress1 with three flounces1 simply hemmed2 a long sash of ribbon of colored taffeta2 natural flowers in the hair and on the front of the dress2 a dress of colored taffeta1 white or straw ground1 or blue or pink ground2 these stuffs are striped1 or running and small patterns1 or great branches with detached bouquets4 ,bareges are also much worn1 with white ground sprinkled with little rose-buds2 silk barege1 with wreaths of flowers1 are newer4 ,the shape of the bodies of evening dresses has not undergone much change4 ,berthes are still worn1 forming a point in front1 only varying in the disposition of the ornaments1 interspersed with small ribbons or lace and mousseline4 ,natural flowers will be worn for headdresses and bouquets4 ,walking dresses are much in vogue of bareges and mousseline1 the body skirted1 open in front1 and lower down than in winter4 ,we must mention a new dress1 named ,albanaise1 made of barege4 ,it is of several shades1 but the most recherche are gris poussiere1 or dust gray4 ,five dull silk stripes begin from the bottom of the dress2 then an intervening space and four other stripes2 another space and1 to finish1 three more stripes ending right in the belt1 always diminishing in size4 ,we have also seen a jaconet dress1 embroidered a l',anglaise as an apron to the waist2 the body embroidered at the edge flat1 as well as in the skirts and sleeves2 and three knots of blue taffeta fastened the bodice4 ,for the country1 dresses of ,chinese nankeen and ,persian jaconet are worn2 and to protect from the sun1 a kind of hood1 of similar stuff4 ,there are a great many black lace schales1 embroidered muslins1 printed barege1 square or long1 with cashmere patterns4 ,the scarf mantelet is also much in fashion1 and the article which permits of the most frequent change2 a point scarcely perceptible in the middle of the back makes it still more graceful4 ,it is made in all shades1 but the most comme-il-faut are black2 it is more suitable1 and sets off the freshness of the dress4 ,it is trimmed with lace1 fringe1 or net1 covered with small velvet dots4 ,we have seen some quite covered with common embroidery2 others embroidered with arabesques intermingled with braid and silk1 and black jet4 ,for the seaside there are also worn many mantelets1 which remind us of the winter by their shape2 but the materials are somewhat lighter1 chiefly of thin summer cloth1 or felt of gray shades4 ,the ,promenade ,dress1 on the preceding page1 is of a rich plain chocolate-colored silk1 made perfectly simple4 ,pardessus of a damson-colored brocaded silk1 the lower part of which1 as well as the large sleeves1 being decorated with a magnificent double fringe1 the under and deepest being of black1 and the upper composed of long silk tassels1 put at equal distances4 ,leghorn bonnet1 trimmed with pink silk1 cut the width of a broad ribbon1 and pinked at the edge2 the interior having a fulling of the pink silk encircling the face1 with brides to match4 ,coarse straw chapeaux1 though principally intended for the country1 are employed1 though not much1 for morning neglige1 in town1 and will be very much in request for the watering-places2 they are of the capote form1 in open-work1 and lined with taffeta1 of one of the colors of the ribbon that trims them4 ,the ribbon is always plaided1 and the most fashionable has a great variety of colors2 the knots are large1 and formed of several coques1 divided in the middle by a torsade of ribbons2 some are decorated with ribbons only1 but small flowers and foliage may be employed to trim the interior of the brim4 ,fancy chapeaux are composed of bands of paille dentelle1 alternating with rose-colored taffeta biais1 c4 ,rice straw is also employed a good deal for fancy chapeaux that are formed of more than one material4 ,the following figures are copied from ,parisian fashion plates for #ahaa4 ,the shortness of the frocks should certainly satisfy the most extreme innovators of the present time4 ,illustration3 ,,ladies' ,,fashions ,,in ,,paris ,,forty ,,years ,,ago4