,transcribers notes3    #a4 ,italics    
rendered with underline e4g4 italics4   
#b4 ,small ,caps rendered with all caps 
e4g4 ,,small ,,caps4   #c4 ,ligatures   
rendered with   e4g4 ,,oedipus4         
,illustration3 ,,the ,,connoisseurs4    
,,engraved ,,by ,,permission ,,of       
,,henry ,,graves  ,,co41 ,,london4      
,,after ,,the ,,painting ,,by ,,sir     
,,edwin ,,landseer4 7,,see ,,page #had47
     ,,st4 ,,nicholas4    ,,vol4 ,,xiii4
      ,,september1 #ahhf4        ,,no4  
#aa4    ,copyright1 #ahhf1 by ,,the     
,,century ,,co4     ,,stories ,,of ,,art
 ,,and ,,artists3 ,,english ,,painters4 
,,by ,,clara ,,erskine ,,clement4       
,when ,henry ,,viii4 came to the throne 
of ,england1 he was a magnificent       
prince4 ,he loved pleasure and pomp and 
invited many foreign artists to his     
court4 ,after a time1 however1 he became
 indifferent to art1 and it is difficult
 to say whether he lessened or added to 
the art-treasures of ,england4  ,the    
long reign of ,queen                    

,elizabeth--forty-seven years--afforded 
great opportunity for the encouragement 
of art4 ,but most of the painters whom  
she employed were foreigners4  ,king    
,charles ,i4 was a true lover of art4   
,rubens and ,vandyck were his principal 
painters1 and ,inigo ,jones his         
architect2 the choice of such artists   
proves the excellence of his artistic   
taste and judgment4 ,he employed many   
other foreign artists1 of whom it need  
only be said that the ,english artists  
profited much by their intercourse with 
them1 as well as by the study of foreign
 pictures which the ,king purchased4    
,in fact1 before the time of ,william   
,hogarth1 portraits had been the only   
pictures of any importance which were   
painted by ,english artists1 and no one 
painter had become very eminent4 ,no    
native master had originated a manner of
 painting which he could claim as his   
own4  ,hogarth was born near ,ludgate   
,hill1 ,london1 in #afig4  ,in #agcd1 he
 produced some works which immediately  

made him famous4 ,he had originated a   
manner of his own2 he had neither       
attempted to illustrate the stories of  
,greek ,mythology1 nor to invent        
allegories1 as so many painters had done
 before him2 he simply gave form to the 
nature that was all about him1 and      
painted just what he could see in       
,london every day4 ,his pictures of this
 sort came to be almost numberless1 and 
no rank in society1 no phase of life1   
escaped the truthful representation of  
his brush4  ,he was a teacher as well as
 an artist1 for his pictures dealt with 
familiar scenes and subjects and        
presented the lessons of the follies of 
his day with more effect upon the mass  
of the people than any writer could     
produce with his pen1 or any preacher by
 his sermons4  ,hogarth died at his     
house in ,leicester ,fields1 on ,october
 #bf1 #agfd4  ,his success aroused a    
strong faith and a new interest in the  
native art of ,england1 which showed    
their results in the establishment of   

the ,royal ,academy of ,arts4 ,a little 
more than four years after ,hogarth's   
death1 this ,academy was founded by     
,king ,george ,,iii4 ,the original      
members of the ,academy numbered        
thirty-four1 and among them was         
,,joshua ,,reynolds1  who afterward     
became its first president4  ,his       
father1 ,samuel ,reynolds1 was the      
rector of a grammar school at ,plympton1
 in ,devonshire1 and in that little     
hamlet1 on ,july #af1 #agbc1 was born   
,joshua1 the seventh of eleven children4
  ,when ,joshua was but a mere child1   
his father was displeased to find him   
devoted to drawing2 on a sketch which   
the boy had made1 his father wrote3     
,this is drawn by ,joshua in school1 out
 of pure idleness4 ,the child found the 
,jesuit's ,treatise on ,perspective1 and
 studied it with such intelligence that 
before he was eight years old he made a 
sketch of the school and its cloister   
which was so accurate that his          
astonished father exclaimed1 ,now this  

justifies the author of the             
',perspective' when he says that1 by    
observing the laws laid down in his     
book1 a man may do wonders2 for this is 
wonderful6  ,when about twelve years    
old1 ,joshua1 while in church1 made a   
sketch upon his thumb-nail of the ,rev4 
,thomas ,smart4 ,from this sketch1 he   
painted his first picture in oils2 his  
canvas was a piece of an old sail1 his  
colors were common ship-paint1 and he   
did his work in a boathouse on ,cremyll 
,beach4  ,in #agdj1 when ,joshua was    
seventeen years old1 his father tried to
 carry out his plan to apprentice him to
 a druggist1 but the boy was greatly    
opposed to this4 ,he said1 ,i would     
prefer to be an apothecary rather than  
an ordinary painter2 but if ,i could be 
bound to an eminent master1 ,i should   
choose that4 ,fortunately ,lord         
,edgecumbe and other friends advised the
 boy's father in his favor1 and so      
,joshua was finally sent to ,london and 
bound to ,thomas ,hudson1 then the best 

portrait painter in ,england4 ,after two
 years1 ,hudson suddenly dismissed the  
youth from his studio1 though his       
agreement was for four years2 the master
 said that ,joshua neglected his orders1
 but others believed ,hudson to be      
jealous of his pupil's success4  ,joshua
 returned to ,devonshire and settled at 
,plymouth1 five miles from his home4    
,there he painted about thirty portraits
 of the principal persons of the        
neighborhood1 at the price of three     
guineas each4 ,one of these portraits1  
painted in #agdf1 was shown to him      
thirty years later1 when he lamented    
that his progress in all that time had  
been so little4  ,at the home of his    
friend1 ,lord ,edgecumbe1 he had formed 
a friendship with the young ,commodore  
,keppel1 who in #agdi was ordered to the
 ,mediterranean4 ,he invited ,reynolds  
to sail with him as his guest1 and1 the 
invitation being accepted1 the painter  
did not return to ,england until the end
 of #ageb4 ,he visited ,portugal1       

,spain1 ,algiers1 ,minorca1 ,italy1 and 
,france4  ,he kept diaries during this  
journey1 which are very interesting and 
valuable2 they contain many sketches of 
scenes and pictures which he admired1 as
 well as his written opinions of all    
that he saw4 ,several of these diaries  
are in the ,lenox ,library1 in ,new     
,york2 others are in the ,soane ,museum1
 ,london1 and in the ,museum of ,berlin4
  ,not long after his return to         
,england1 ,reynolds settled himself in  
,london4 ,he lived in handsome rooms in 
,st4 ,martin's ,lane1 and his sister    
,frances was his housekeeper4  ,very    
soon ,reynolds's studio came to be the  
popular resort of artists1 and1 through 
the influence of ,lord ,edgecumbe1 many 
nobles became his patrons4 ,he painted a
 full-length portrait of ,commodore     
,keppel1 which at once established his  
reputation4 ,the ,commodore was         
represented as standing on a rocky shore
 with a stormy sea in the background4   
,this picture was received with         

enthusiasm1 and in his second ,london   
year ,reynolds had one hundred and      
twenty sitters1 among whom were many    
notable people4 ,the artist removed to  
,great ,newport street1 and charged     
twelve guineas for a bust1 twenty-four  
guineas for half-length and double that 
sum for a full-length portrait4  ,dr4   
,johnson and ,reynolds met for the first
 time in #agec1 and from that time they 
were faithful friends4 ,dr4 ,johnson    
delighted not only in ,reynolds's       
success as a painter1 but1 perceiving   
his other talents1 he insisted on his   
writing for ,the ,idler1 by which means 
the artist published a series of        
brilliant articles and made himself a   
name in literary circles4 ,this kindness
 was more than repaid1 for1 after ,dr4  
,johnson became too poor to keep house  
for himself1 he was always welcome to   
the home and purse of ,reynolds4  ,in   
#agfj1 the master again raised his      
prices for his work1 and at about the   
same time established himself in the    

house in ,leicester ,square1 in which he
 passed the remainder of his life4 ,this
 house was very fine1 and1 though it    
exhausted all his savings to fit it up1 
he spent still more in setting up a     
gorgeous carriage for his sister1 and in
 other expenses which served to         
advertise his success to all who        
observed them4  ,reynolds seemed to have
 reached the height of popularity1 when1
 in #agfh1 he was elected first         
,president of the ,royal ,academy1 and  
was knighted by the ,king4 ,he was of   
great advantage to the ,academy1 and    
heartily devoted to its interests4 ,he  
was active in establishing its schools  
and equipping them with models1         
libraries1 and conveniences for study2  
he gave much attention to its           
exhibitions1 and founded the famous     
,academy dinners1 at which men of rank  
and genius were brought together in such
 a way as to render these occasions the 
most remarkable gatherings in the       
,united ,kingdom4 ,from time to time he 

also delivered his well-known           
,discourses on ,art1 which are notable  
alike for the good judgment in the      
selection of the subjects treated1 and  
for the literary skill with which they  
are written4  ,about #aggj1 ,sir ,joshua
 built a villa at ,richmond ,hill4 ,in  
the same year1 he spent a month in      
,plympton1 and at that time also1 he    
brought to his home his niece1          
,theophila ,palmer1 who remained with   
him until her marriage1 eleven years    
later4 ,she was very beautiful1 and is  
known to all the world as the ,offy of  
the famous ,strawberry ,girl4 ,other    
pictures of her which ,sir ,joshua      
painted also became famous4  ,with the  
exception of the trip with ,commodore   
,keppel ,sir ,joshua spent little time  
out of ,england4 ,in #agfh he visited   
,paris1 and in #aghj he passed two      
months in ,holland and ,germany4 ,when  
absent from ,london1 he was usually at  
the house of some friend in the country1
 or at his old home1 of which he was    

always fond4  ,illustration3 ,,copy ,,of
 ,a ,,portrait ,,by ,,sir ,,joshua      
,,reynolds4  ,few men have been so much 
admired by such a diversity of people as
 was ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds4 ,the       
testimony of his friends presents him to
 us as a man of admirable character4    
,perhaps no one knew him more intimately
 than ,james ,northcote1 who was        
received into his family as a poor      
,devonshire lad2 he remained with ,sir  
,joshua five years1 and left him a      
prosperous painter4 ,northcote found him
 kindly1 modest1 and lovable in every   
way4 ,he thus describes him personally3 
,in his stature1 ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds 
was rather under the middle size1 of a  
florid complexion1 roundish1 blunt      
features1 and a lively aspect2 not      
corpulent1 though somewhat inclined to  
it1 but extremely active2 with manners  
uncommonly polished and agreeable4 ,in  
conversation1 his manner was perfectly  
natural1 simple1 and unassuming4 ,he    
most heartily enjoyed his profession1 in

 which he was both famous and           
illustrious2 and ,i agree with ,mr4     
,malone1 who says he appeared to him to 
be the happiest man he had ever known4  
,in #aghi1 ,sir ,joshua lost the sight  
of his left eye1 and though this changed
 his whole life1 he retained his calm   
cheerfulness1 and occupied his mind with
 the exciting topics of the time2 for it
 happened that the storming of the      
,bastille occurred in the very week in  
which he gave up his pencil4 ,he still  
used his brush a very little to finish  
or retouch works which were still on his
 hands1 but he sadly said3 ,there is now
 an end of pursuit2 the race is over1   
whether it is lost or won4  ,in #agij1  
troubles arose in the ,academy1 and ,sir
 ,joshua felt himself so badly used that
 he resigned his presidency and his     
membership of the institution4 ,the     
,king requested him to return1 but he   
refused until the ,academy publicly     
apologized to him4 ,he then resumed his 
office1 and in ,december delivered his  

final discourse4  ,the remainder of his 
life was a gradual decline2 his sight   
grew weaker1 and his strength less1     
until ,february #bc1 #agib1 when he died
 easily1 never having suffered much     
pain4 ,the ,king directed that his body 
should lie in state in the ,academy     
rooms in ,somerset ,house4 ,the funeral 
was grand and solemn2 the pall-bearers  
were dukes1 marquises1 earls1 and lords2
 ninety-one carriages followed the      
hearse1 in which were the first nobles1 
scholars1 and prelates of the realm1    
with all the members and students of the
 ,academy4 ,he was buried near ,sir     
,christopher ,wren1 in ,st4 ,paul's     
,cathedral1 where ,vandyck had already  
been laid1 and where1 in later years1 a 
goodly number of painters have been     
buried around him4 ,in #ahac1 a statue1 
by ,flaxman1 was erected to his memory  
near the choir of the cathedral1 and a  
,latin inscription recounts the talents 
and virtues of the great man whom it    
commemorates4  ,illustration3 ,,the     

,,ladies ,,waldegrave4 7,,from ,a       
,,painting ,,by ,,sir ,,joshua          
,,reynolds47  ,having thus traced the   
story of ,sir ,joshua's life1 it now    
remains to speak of him more especially 
as an artist4  ,his highest fame is as a
 portrait painter1 and as such he was a 
great genius4 ,he had the power to      
reproduce the personal peculiarities of 
his subjects with great exactness2 he   
was also able to perceive their         
qualities of temper1 mind1 and          
character1 and he made his portraits so 
vivid with these attributes that they   
were likenesses of the minds as well as 
of the persons of his subjects4 ,in his 
portrait of ,goldsmith1 self-esteem is  
as prominent as the nose2 passion and   
energy are in every line of ,burke's    
face and figure2 and whenever his       
subject possessed any individual        
characteristics1 they were plainly shown
 in ,reynolds's portraits4 ,so many of  
these pictures are famous that we can   
not speak of them in detail4 ,perhaps no

 one portrait is better known than that 
of the famous actress1 ,mrs4 ,sarah     
,siddons1 as the ,tragic ,muse4 ,it is a
 noble example of an idealized portrait1
 and it is said that the ,isaiah of     
,michael ,angelo suggested the manner in
 which it is painted4 ,sir ,thomas      
,lawrence declared this to be the finest
 portrait of a women in the world1 and  
it is certain that this one picture     
would have made any painter famous4 ,sir
 ,joshua inscribed his name on the      
border of the robe1 and courteously     
explained to the lady1 ,i could not lose
 the honor this opportunity afforded me 
of going down to posterity on the hem of
 your garment4  ,the original of this   
work is said to be that in the gallery  
of the ,duke of ,westminster2 a second  
is in the ,dulwich ,gallery4 ,in        
speaking of ,sir ,joshua as a portrait  
painter1 ,mr4 ,ruskin says3 ,considered 
as a painter of individuality in the    
human form and mind1 ,i think him the   
prince of portrait painters4 ,titian    

paints nobler pictures1 and ,vandyck had
 nobler subjects1 but neither of them   
entered so subtly as ,sir ,joshua did   
into the minor varieties of heart and   
temper4  ,his portraits of simply       
beautiful women can scarcely be equaled 
in the world4 ,he perfectly reproduced  
the delicate grace and beauty of some of
 his sitters and the brilliant1 dazzling
 charms of others4 ,he loved to paint   
richly hued velvets in contrast with    
rare laces1 ermine1 feathers1 and       
jewels4 ,it is a regret that so many of 
his works are faded1 but after all we   
must agree with ,sir ,george ,beaumont1 
when he said3 ,even a faded picture from
 him will be the finest thing you can   
have4  ,the most attractive of his works
 are his pictures of children4 ,it is   
true that they too are portraits1 but   
they are often represented in some fancy
 part1 such as the ,strawberry ,girl1#a 
a portrait of his niece ,offy2          
,muscipula1 who holds a mouse-trap2 the 
,little ,marchioness2 the ,girl with a  

,mob-cap1 and many others4 ,he loved to 
paint pictures of boys in all sorts of  
characters1 street-peddlers1 gipsies1   
cherubs1 and so on4 ,he often picked up 
boy models in the street and painted    
from them in his spare hours1 between   
his appointments with sitters4          
,sometimes he scarcely hustled a beggar 
boy out of his chair in time for some   
grand lady to seat herself in it4 ,it is
 said that one day one of these children
 fell asleep in so graceful an attitude 
that the master seized a fresh canvas   
and made a sketch of it2 this was       
scarcely done1 when the child threw     
himself into a different pose without   
awakening4 ,sir ,joshua added a second  
sketch to the first and from these made 
his beautiful picture of ,the ,babes in 
the ,wood4 ,more than two hundred of his
 pictures of children have been         
engraved1 and these plates form one of  
the loveliest collections that can be   
made from the works of any one artist4  
#a ,an engraving of this picture was    

given as the frontispiece of            
,,st4 ,,nicholas for ,april1 #ahgf2 and 
our readers will remember         also  
the account of ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds's 
portrait of ,little         ,penelope   
,boothby in ,,st4 ,,nicholas for        
,november1 #ahge1         illustrated   
with a full-page reproduction of the    
painting4--,,ed4  ,when ,sir ,joshua was
 at the height of his power1 he was     
accustomed to receive six sitters a day1
 and he often completed a portrait in   
four hours4  ,good prints from his works
 are now becoming rare and are valuable4
  ,as we close this account of ,sir     
,joshua ,reynolds1 it is pleasant to    
remember that so great a man was so good
 a man1 and to believe that ,burke did  
not flatter him when1 in his eulogy1 he 
said3 ,in full affluence of foreign and 
domestic fame1 admired by the expert in 
art and by the learned in science1      
courted by the great1 caressed by       
sovereign powers1 and celebrated by     
distinguished poets1 his native         

humility1 modesty1 and candor never     
forsook him1 even on surprise or        
provocation2 nor was the least degree of
 arrogance or assumption visible to the 
most scrutinizing eye in any part of his
 conduct or discourse4   ,,richard      
,,wilson  was another original member of
 the ,academy1 and though not the first 
,english artist who had painted         
landscapes1 he was the first whose      
pictures merited the honorable          
recognition which they now have4        
,wilson's story is a sad one2 he was not
 appreciated while he lived1 and his    
whole life was saddened by seeing the   
works of foreign artists1 which were    
inferior to his own1 sold for good      
prices1 while he was forced to sell his 
to pawnbrokers1 who1 it is said1 could  
not dispose of them at any price4       
,wilson was the son of a clergyman and  
was born at ,pinegas1 in                
,montgomeryshire1 in #agac4 ,he first   
painted portraits and earned money with 
which1 in #agdi1 he went to ,italy1     

where he remained six years4 ,his best  
works were ,italian views1 and he is now
 considered as the best landscape       
painter of his day1 with the one        
exception of ,gainsborough4  ,wilson    
died in #aghb1 and it is pleasant to    
know that after more than sixty years of
 poverty he received a legacy from a    
brother1 and the last two years of his  
life were years of peaceful comfort4    
,,thomas ,,gainsborough1  though a great
 artist1 had an uneventful life4 ,he was
 the son of a clothier and was born in  
,sudbury1 in ,suffolk1 in #agbg4 ,his   
boyish habit of wandering about the     
woods and streams of ,suffolk1 making   
sketches1 and finding in this his       
greatest pleasure1 induced his father to
 send him to ,london to study art1 when 
about fifteen years old4 ,he studied    
first under a ,french engraver1         
,gravelot1 who was of much advantage to 
him2 next he was a pupil of ,francis    
,hayman at the ,academy1 in ,st4        
,martin's ,lane1 but ,nature was his    

real teacher4  ,after a time he settled 
in ,hatton ,square1 and painted both    
portraits and landscapes4 ,but at the   
end of four years of patient work1 his  
patrons were so few that he left ,london
 and returned to ,sudbury4  ,it happened
 that once when he was sketching a      
wood-scene1 ,margaret ,burr had crossed 
his line of sight2 he had added her     
figure to his picture1 and from this    
circumstance they had come to be        
friends4 ,soon after1 ,gainsborough     
returned to his home1 and ,margaret     
became his wife4 ,he was careless and   
unthrifty1 while she was quite the      
reverse4 ,she was thus a true helpmate  
to him1 and to her carefulness we owe   
the preservation of many of his         
pictures4  ,after his marriage1         
,gainsborough settled in ,ipswich2 in   
#agfj he removed to ,bath1 and here both
 in portraits and landscapes he made    
such a reputation1 that when1 fourteen  
years later1 he removed to ,london1 he  
was considered the rival of ,reynolds in

 portraits and of ,wilson as a painter  
of scenery4 ,gainsborough was one of the
 original ,academicians1 and on one     
occasion at a gathering of artists1 ,sir
 ,joshua ,reynolds proposed the health  
of ,gainsborough1 and called him the    
greatest landscape painter of the day4  
,wilson1 who was present1 was piqued by 
this1 and exclaimed3  ,yes1 and the     
greatest portrait painter1 too4  ,sir   
,joshua realized that he had been       
ungracious and apologized to ,wilson4   
,gainsborough exhibited many works in   
the gallery of the ,academy1 but in     
#aghc he was offended by the hanging of 
one of his portraits1 and refused to    
send his pictures there afterward4 ,he  
was an impulsive1 passionate man1 and he
 had several disputes with ,sir ,joshua1
 who always admired and praised the work
 of his rival4 ,but when about to die1  
,gainsborough sent for ,reynolds to     
visit him1 and all their differences    
were healed4 ,the truth was that they   
had always respected and admired each   

other4 ,the last words of ,gainsborough 
were3  ,we are all going to heaven1 and 
,vandyck is of the company4  ,he died   
,august #b1 #aghh4  ,the celebrated     
,blue ,boy1 by ,gainsborough1 now in the
 ,grosvenor ,gallery1 is said to have   
been painted to spite ,sir ,joshua1 who 
had said that blue should not be used in
 masses4  ,but there was a soft and     
lovable side to this wayward man4 ,his  
love for music was a passion1 and he    
once gave a painting of his1 ,the ,boy  
at the ,stile1 to ,colonel ,hamilton as 
a reward for his playing the flute4     
,his portraits may be thought to have   
too much of a bluish gray in the flesh  
tints1 but they are always graceful and 
pleasing4 ,in #ahgf1 his famous painting
 ,the ,duchess of ,devonshire was sold  
for the exceptionally high price of     
fifty thousand dollars4   ,,george      
,,romney  was born at ,beckside1 in     
,cumberland1 in #agcd4 ,his life was    
very discreditable4  ,it is more        
pleasant to speak of his pictures1 for  

his portraits were so fine that he was a
 worthy rival to ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds4
 ,his pictures are mostly in private    
galleries1 but that of the beautiful    
,lady ,hamilton1 in the ,national       
,gallery1 is a famous work4 ,he was     
ambitious to paint historical subjects1 
and some of his imaginary pictures are  
much admired4 ,he was fitful in his art1
 and he began so many works which he    
left unfinished1 that they were finally 
removed from his studio by cart-loads4  
,there was also an incompleteness in the
 pictures which he called finished2 in  
short1 the want of steadfastness1 which 
made him an unfaithful husband and      
father1 went far to lessen his artistic 
merit4 ,at the same time1 it is true    
that he was a great artist and justly   
celebrated in his best days2 his works  
excel in vigorous drawing and brilliant1
 transparent color4 ,his pictures are   
rarely sold1 and are as valuable as     
those of his great contemporaries1      
,reynolds and ,gainsborough4   ,,thomas 

,,lawrence  is the only other portrait  
painter of whom mention need be made    
here4 ,he was born at ,bristol1 in      
#agfi1 and much of his work belongs to  
our own century4  ,his father had been  
trained for the law1 but had become an  
inn-keeper4 ,when a mere child1 ,thomas 
entertained his father's customers by   
his recitations1 and took their         
portraits with equal readiness4  ,when  
he was ten years old1 his family removed
 to ,oxford1 where he rapidly improved  
in his drawing4 ,when he first saw a    
picture by ,rubens he wept bitterly and 
sobbed out3  ,oh1 ,i shall never be able
 to paint like that6  ,in #aghe1 he     
received a silver palette from the      
,society of ,arts as a reward for a copy
 of ,raphael's ,transfiguration1 which  
he had made when but thirteen years old4
  ,illustration3 ,,the ,,blue ,,boy4    
7,,after ,,the ,,painting ,,by ,,thomas 
,,gainsborough4 ,,by ,,permission1      
,,from ,a ,,fac-,,simile ,,of ,,the     
,,etching ,,by ,,rajon1 ,,published ,,by

 ,l',,art47  ,in #aghg1 the young       
painter entered the ,royal ,academy1    
,london1 and from that time his course  
was one of repeated successes4 ,sir     
,joshua ,reynolds was his friend and    
adviser2 he early attracted the         
attention of the ,king and ,queen1 whose
 portraits he painted when but          
twenty-two years old4 ,he was elected to
 the ,academy in #agid2 after ,sir      
,joshua's death he was appointed painter
 to the ,king2 he was knighted in #ahae1
 and five years later he was elected    
president of the ,academy4 ,he was also 
a member of many foreign academies and a
 ,chevalier of the ,legion of ,honor4   
,rarely is the path to honor and fame   
made so easy as it was to ,sir ,thomas  
,lawrence4  ,illustration3 ,,copy ,,of  
,a ,,portrait ,,by ,,george ,,romney4   
,his ,london life was brilliant4 ,his   
studio was crowded with sitters1 and    
money flowed into his purse in a        
generous stream1--for his prices were   
larger than any other ,english painter  

had asked4 ,but all this did him little 
good1 for somehow he was continually in 
debt and always poor4  ,in #ahad he     
visited ,paris1 but he was recalled that
 he might paint the portraits of the    
allied sovereigns1 their statesmen1 and 
generals4 ,these works were the first of
 the series of portraits of great men in
 the ,waterloo ,chamber at ,windsor     
,castle4 ,in #ahah he attended the      
,congress at ,aix-la-,chapelle1 for the 
purpose of adding portraits of notable  
people to the gallery of the            
,prince-,regent4 ,at length he was sent 
to ,rome to paint a likeness of the     
,pope and ,cardinal ,gonsalvi4 ,he seems
 to have been inspired with new strength
 by his nearness to the works of the    
great masters in the ,eternal ,city1 for
 those two portraits are in merit far   
beyond his previous work1 and after his 
return to ,england from #ahbj to #ahcj1 
his pictures had a vigor and worth that 
was wanting at every other period of his
 life4 ,while in ,rome1 he also painted 

a portrait of ,canova which he presented
 to the ,pope4  ,when he reached        
,london1 he found himself to be the     
president-elect of the ,academy2 it was 
a great honor1 and ,lawrence accepted it
 with modesty4  ,george ,,iv41 following
 the example of the graciousness of     
,charles ,i4 toward ,vandyck1 hung upon 
the painter's neck a gold chain bearing 
a medal1 on which the likeness of his   
majesty was engraved4 ,in the catalogue 
of the ,academy1 #ahbj1 ,lawrence is    
called ,principal ,painter in ,ordinary 
to his ,majesty1 ,member of the ,roman  
,academy of ,st4 ,luke's1 of the        
,academy of ,fine ,arts in ,florence1   
and of the ,fine ,arts in ,new ,york4   
,to the last he had been elected in     
#ahah1 and had sent to the academy a    
full-length portrait of ,benjamin ,west4
  ,from that time on1 there is little to
 relate of his life1 except that he was 
always busy and each year sent eight    
fine works to the ,academy ,exhibition4 
,his friends and patrons showed him much

 consideration1 and various honors were 
added to his list1 already long4 ,he was
 always worried in regard to money      
matters1 and he grieved much over the   
illness of his favorite sister1 but     
there was no striking event to change   
the even current of his life4  ,on      
,january #g1 #ahcj1 he expired suddenly1
 exclaiming1 ,this is dying1--almost the
 same words used by ,george ,,iv41 a few
 months later4  ,sir ,thomas ,lawrence  
was a man of fine personal qualities2   
his generosity may be called his        
greatest fault1 for his impulses led him
 to give more than he had--a quality    
which causes us to admire a man while at
 the same moment it makes him guilty of 
grave faults4  ,he was always generous  
to unfortunate artists and1 in that way1
 he spent large sums4 ,he was also true 
to his ideas of right and wrong1 even at
 the expense of his own advantage4  ,as 
an artist1 ,lawrence can not be given a 
very high rank1 in spite of the immense 
successes of his life4 ,as in every     

case1 there are opposite opinions       
concerning him4 ,he has hearty admirers1
 but he is also accused of mannerisms   
and weakness4 ,his early works are the  
most satisfactory1 because most natural2
 they are good in design1 and rich in   
color4   ,,joseph ,,mallord ,,william   
,,turner  was an artist of great genius1
 and has exercised a powerful influence 
on the art of the nineteenth century4   
,he was the son of a barber1 and was    
born in ,maiden ,lane1 ,london 7a       
squalid alley in the parish of ,covent  
,garden71 on ,april #bc1 #agge4 ,when   
the boy was five years old1 he was taken
 by his father to the house of a        
customer of the barber's1 and while the 
shaving and combing went on1 the child  
studied the figure of a rampant lion    
engraved upon a piece of silver4 ,after 
his return home1 he drew a copy of the  
lion so excellent that it decided his   
career1 for then and there the father   
determined that his son should be an    
artist4 ,as a child and youth1 he was   

always sketching1 and while he was fond 
of nature in all her features1 he yet   
had a preference for water views with   
boats and cliffs and shining waves4  ,in
 #aghi1 when fourteen years old1 he     
entered the classes of the ,royal       
,academy1 where he worked hard in       
drawing from ,greek models4 ,he had the 
good fortune to be employed by ,dr4     
,munro to do some copying and other     
works1 and by this stroke of luck he    
revelled in the fine pictures and       
valuable drawings with which the house  
of his patron was filled4 ,toward the   
end of ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds's life1   
,turner was a frequent visitor at his   
studio4  ,in #agij1 he sent his first   
contribution to the ,academy            
,exhibition2 it was a view of ,lambeth  
,palace1 in water-colors4 ,during the   
next ten years1 he exhibited more than  
sixty works1 embracing a great variety  
of subjects4 ,the pictures included     
views from more than twenty-six counties
 of ,england and ,wales4  ,in #ahjb1 he 

was made a full member of the ,academy  
and he also visited the continent for   
the first time1 traveling through       
,france and ,switzerland only4 ,he      
visited ,italy in #ahai1 in #ahbi1 and  
again in #ahdj4  ,the pictures of       
,turner are often compared with those of
 ,claude ,lorraine1 and at times he     
painted in rivalry with ,cuyp1 ,poussin1
 and ,claude1 aiming to adopt the manner
 of these masters4  ,in #ahjf1 ,turner  
followed the example of the great       
,lorraine in another direction4 ,claude 
had made a ,liber ,veritatis1 or ,book  
of ,truth1 containing sketches of his   
finished pictures1 in order that the    
works of other painters could not be    
sold as his4 ,turner determined to make 
a ,liber ,studiorum1 or ,book of        
,studies4 ,it was issued in a series of 
twenty numbers1 containing five plates  
each1 and the subscription price was    
,l#ag4ajs4 ,there were endless troubles 
with the engravers and it was not paying
 well1 and was abandoned after seventy  

plates were issued4 ,it seemed to be so 
worthless that ,charles ,turner1 one of 
the engravers1 used some of the proofs  
for kindling paper4 ,after the artist   
became famous1 however1 this ,liber     
,studiorum grew to be very valuable4    
,before ,turner died1 a copy was worth  
thirty guineas1 and more recently a     
single copy has brought three thousand  
pounds1 or nearly fifteen thousand      
dollars4 ,colnaghi1 the ,london print   
dealer1 paid ,charles ,turner fifteen   
hundred pounds for the proofs which he  
had not destroyed2 and when the old     
engraver remembered how he had lighted  
his fires1 he exclaimed1 ,i have been   
burning bank-notes all my life4         
,illustration3 ,,countess ,,grey ,,and  
,,children4 7,,from ,a ,,portrait ,,by  
,,sir ,,thomas ,,lawrence47  ,turner    
grew very rich1 but he lived in a mean1 
careless style4 ,as long as his father  
lived1 he waited upon his great son as a
 servant might have done2 and after his 
death1 an untidy1 wizened old woman1    

,mrs4 ,danby1 was the only person to    
care for the house or the interests of  
the painter4 ,his dress was that of a   
very common person1 and it is impossible
 to understand how a man who so admired 
the beautiful in nature could live in so
 miserly a manner as that of ,turner4   
,some time before his death1 ,turner    
seemed to be hiding himself2 his friends
 could not discover his retreat1 until1 
at last1 his old housekeeper traced him 
to a dingy ,chelsea cottage4 ,when his  
friends went to him1 he was dying1 and  
the end soon came4 ,his funeral1 from   
,queen ,anne street1 was an imposing    
one4 ,the body was taken to ,st4 ,paul's
 ,cathedral1 and there1 surrounded by a 
large company of artists and followed by
 the faithful old woman1 it was laid to 
rest between the tombs of ,sir ,joshua  
,reynolds and ,james ,barry4 ,his estate
 was valued at about seven hundred      
thousand dollars and he desired that    
most of it should be used to establish a
 home for poor artists1 to be called    

,turner's ,gift4 ,but the will was not  
clearly written--his relatives contested
 it1 and in the end1 his pictures and   
drawings were given to the ,national    
,academy2 one thousand pounds was       
devoted to a monument to his memory2    
twenty thousand pounds established the  
,turner ,fund in the ,academy and yields
 annuities to six poor artists2 and the 
remainder was divided amongst his       
kinsfolk4  ,perhaps there never was a   
painter about whose works more extreme  
and conflicting opinions have been      
advanced4 ,some of his admirers claim   
for him the very highest place in art4  
,his enemies can see nothing good in his
 works and say that they may as well be 
hung one side up as another1 since they 
are only a mixture of splashes of color1
 and lights and shades4 ,neither extreme
 is correct4 ,in some respects1 ,turner 
is at the head of ,english landscape    
painters1 and no other artist has had   
the power to paint so many different    
kinds of subjects or to employ such     

variations of style in his work4 ,his   
water-colors are worthy of the highest  
praise2 indeed1 he created a school of  
water-color painting4 ,at the same time1
 it is proper to say that the works     
executed in his latest period are not   
even commended by ,ruskin1--his most    
enthusiastic admirer1--and are not to be
 classed with those of his earlier days 
and his best manner4  ,this master was  
so fruitful1 and he made so vast a      
number of pictures in oil and           
water-colors1 of drawings1 and of       
splendid illustrations for books1 that  
we have no space in which to speak      
properly of the different periods of his
 art4 ,a large and fine collection of   
his paintings is in the ,south          
,kensington ,museum2 ,the ,old          
,temeraire1 the picture which he would  
never sell1 is there4 ,the ,slave ,ship1
 one of his finest pictures1 is owned in
 ,boston1 and other celebrated works of 
his are in ,new ,york2 but most of his  
pictures1 outside the ,south ,kensington

 ,museum1 and the ,national ,gallery1   
are in private collections1 where no    
catalogues have ever been made1 so that 
no estimate of the whole number can be  
given4  ,i shall tell you of but one    
more ,english painter1--an artist whose 
life and works are both very            
interesting1 and of whom all young      
people must be fond1--   ,,edwin        
,,landseer4  ,he was the youngest of the
 three sons of ,john ,landseer1 the     
eminent engraver1 and was born at ,no4  
#hc ,queen ,anne street1 ,london1 in    
,march1 #ahjb4 ,the eldest son1 ,thomas1
 followed the profession of his father1 
and in later years1 by his faithful     
engraving after the works of ,edwin1 he 
did much to confirm the great fame of   
his younger brother4 ,charles1 the      
second son of ,john ,landseer1 was a    
painter of historical subjects1 and held
 the office of ,keeper of the ,royal    
,academy during twenty years4  ,edwin   
,landseer had the good fortune to be    
aided and encouraged in his artistic    

tastes and studies1 even from his       
babyhood1 for there are now in the      
,south ,kensington ,museum1 sketches of 
animals made in his fifth year1 and good
 etchings which he did when eight years 
old4  ,john ,landseer taught his son to 
look to nature alone as his model4 ,when
 fourteen1 he entered the ,academy      
schools1 and divided his time between   
drawing in the classes and sketching    
from the wild beasts at ,exeter ,change4
 ,he was a handsome1 manly boy1 and the 
keeper1 ,fuseli1 was very fond of him1  
calling him1 as a mark of affection1 ,my
 little dog boy4  ,he was very          
industrious and painted many pictures2  
the best of those known as his early    
works is the ,cat's ,paw4 ,it represents
 a monkey using the paw of a cat to push
 hot chestnuts from the top of a heated 
stove2 the struggles of the cat are     
useless and her kittens mew to no       
purpose4 ,this picture was once sold for
 one hundred pounds2 it is now in the   
collection of the ,earl of ,essex1 at   

,cashiobury1 and is worth more than     
three thousand pounds4 ,it was painted  
in #ahbb4  ,sir ,walter ,scott was in   
,london when the ,cat's ,paw was        
exhibited1 and he was so pleased by the 
picture that he sought out the young    
painter and invited him to go home with 
him4 ,sir ,walter's well-known love of  
dogs was a foundation for the intimate  
affection which grew up between himself 
and ,landseer4 ,in #ahbd1 the painter   
first saw ,scotland1 and during fifty   
years he studied its people1 its        
scenery1 and its customs2 he loved them 
all and could ever draw new subjects and
 new enthusiasm from the breezy north4  
,sir ,walter wrote in his journal1      
,landseer's dogs are the most           
magnificent things ,i ever saw1 leaping 
and bounding and grinning all over the  
canvas4 ,the friendship of ,sir ,walter 
had a great effect upon the young       
painter2 it developed the imagination   
and romance in his nature and he was    
affected by the human life of ,scotland 

so that he painted the shepherd1 the    
gillie1 and the poacher1 and made his   
pictures speak the tenderness and truth 
as well as the fearlessness and the     
hardihood of the ,gaelic race4          
,landseer remained in the home of his   
father1 until he was a person of such   
importance that his friends felt that   
his dignity demanded a separate         
establishment and urged this upon him4  
,he could not lightly sever his home    
ties1 and it was after much hesitation  
that he removed to ,no4 #a ,st4 ,john's 
,wood ,road1 where he passed the        
remainder of his life4 ,he named his    
home ,maida ,vale1 in remembrance of the
 favorite dog of ,sir ,walter ,scott4   
,it was a small house with a garden and 
a barn1 which he converted into a       
studio2 from time to time he enlarged   
and improved it1 and it became the      
resort of a distinguished circle of     
people who learned to love it for its   
generous hospitality and its atmosphere 
of joyous content4  ,the best period of 

,landseer's life was from #ahbd to      
#ahdj4 ,in the latter year1 he had the  
first attack of a disease from which he 
was never again entirely free2 he       
suffered from seasons of depression that
 shadowed all his life with gloom1 and  
at times almost threatened the loss of  
his reason4  ,it is said that ,landseer 
was the first person who opened a       
communication between ,queen ,victoria  
and the literary and artistic society of
 ,england4 ,be that as it may1 he was   
certainly the first artist to be        
received as a friend by the ,queen1 who 
soon placed him on an unceremonious and 
easy footing in her household4  ,he was 
a frequent visitor at the royal palaces 
and received many rich gifts from both  
,queen ,victoria and ,prince ,albert4   
,between #ahce and #ahff1 he painted a  
great many pictures of the ,queen1 of   
the various members of her family and of
 the pets of the royal household4 ,in   
#ahej he was knighted and was at the    
very height of his popularity and       

success4  ,with the single exception of 
,sir ,joshua ,reynolds1 he visited and  
received in his own house more          
distinguished persons than any other    
,british artist4 ,he was the intimate   
friend of ,dickens1 ,chantrey1 ,sidney  
,smith1 and other famous men4  ,landseer
 had an extreme fondness for studying   
and making pictures of lions1 and from  
the time when1 as a boy1 he dissected   
one1 he tried to obtain the body of     
every lion that died in ,london4        
,dickens was in the habit of relating   
that on one occasion1 when he and others
 were dining with the artist1 a servant 
entered and asked1 ,did you order a     
lion1 sir8 as if it was the most natural
 thing in the world4 ,the guests feared 
that a living lion was about to enter1  
but it turned out to be the body of the 
dead ,nero1 of the ,zooelogical         
,gardens1 which had been sent as a gift 
to ,sir ,edwin4  ,his skill in drawing  
was marvelous1 and was once shown in a  
rare way at a large evening party4      

,facility in drawing had been the theme 
of conversation1 when a lady declared   
that no one had yet drawn two objects at
 the same moment4 ,landseer would not   
allow that this could not be done1 and  
immediately took two pencils and drew a 
horse's head with one hand and at the   
same time1 a stag's head with the other 
hand4 ,he painted with great rapidity2  
he once sent to the exhibition a picture
 of rabbits painted in three-quarters of
 an hour4 ,mr4 ,wells relates that at   
one time when ,landseer was visiting    
him1 he left the house for church just  
as his butler placed a fresh canvas on  
the easel before the painter2 on his    
return1 three hours later1 ,landseer had
 completed a life-sized picture of a    
fallow-deer1 and so well was it done    
that neither he nor the artist could see
 that it required retouching4  ,several 
portraits of ,landseer exist and are    
well known1 but that called the         
,connoisseurs1 painted in #ahfe for the 
,prince of ,wales1 is of great interest4

 ,here the artist has painted a         
half-length portrait of himself engaged 
in drawing1 while two dogs look over his
 shoulders with a critical expression4  
,in #ahdj1 ,landseer made a quite       
extended tour in ,europe1 and that was  
the only time that he was long absent   
from ,great ,britain4 ,in #ahec1 several
 of his works were sent to the          
,exposition in ,paris2 he was the only  
,english artist who received the great  
gold medal4  ,sir ,edwin ,landseer was  
also a sculptor1 and though he executed 
but few works in this art1 the colossal 
lions at the base of ,nelson's ,monument
 in ,trafalgar ,square1 ,london1 are a  
triumph for him4 ,he was chosen for this
 work on account of his great knowledge 
of the king of beasts4  ,at his death he
 had modeled but one2 the others were   
copied from it under the care of the    
,baron ,marochetti4  ,sir ,edwin        
continued to work in spite of sadness1  
failing health and sight1 and in the    
last year of his life he executed four  

pictures1 one being an equestrian       
portrait of the ,queen4  ,he died       
,october #a1 #ahgc1 and was buried with 
many honors in ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral4 
,he left a property of two hundred and  
fifty thousand pounds2 the pictures and 
drawings in his studio were sold for    
seventy thousand pounds1 and all this   
large sum1 with the exception of a few  
small bequests1 was given to his brother
 ,thomas and his three sisters1 ten     
thousand pounds being given to his      
brother ,charles4  ,i suppose that many 
of the pictures of ,sir ,edwin ,landseer
 are well known to the readers of ,,st4 
,,nicholas4 ,high ,life and ,low ,life1 
,a ,highland ,breakfast1 ,dignity and   
,impudence1 the ,cat's ,paw1 ,the       
,monarch of the ,glen1 the ,piper and   
,nutcrackers1 and others1 are familiar  
in the form of prints to many people in 
many lands1 and they are pictures which 
all must love4 ,it is needless to add   
any long opinion of the artistic        
qualities of this master2 the critic    

,hamerton has happily summed up an      
estimate of him in these words3         
,everything that can be said about      
,landseer's knowledge of animals1 and   
especially of dogs1 has already been    
said4 ,there was never very much to say1
 for there was no variety of opinions1  
and nothing to discuss4 ,critics may    
write volumes of controversy about      
,turner and ,delacroix1 but ,landseer's 
merits are so obvious to every one that 
he stood in no need of critical         
explanations4 ,the best commentators on 
,landseer1 the best defenders of his    
genius1 are the dogs themselves2 and so 
long as there exist terriers1           
deer-hounds1 and blood-hounds1 his fame 
will need little assistance from writers
 upon art4  ,illustration3 ,,one ,,of   
,,the ,,landseer ,,lions ,,at ,,the     
,,base ,,of ,,the ,,nelson ,,monument1  
,,trafalgar ,,square1 ,,london4         
,,under ,,the ,,snow4  ,,by ,,lilian    
,,dynevor ,,rice4       ,all in the     
bleak ,december weather1     ,when north

 winds blow1     ,five little clovers   
lay warm together     ,under the snow4  
,wait1 said they1 till the robins sing2 
,wait1 till the blossoms bud and spring2
     ,wait1 till the rain and the       
sunbeams gay     ,our winter blanket    
shall fold away--     ,then1 we will try
 to grow4      ,all in the fragrant     
,may-time weather1     ,when south winds
 blow1     ,five little clovers crept   
close together     ,under the snow4     
,poor1 pink babies6 ,they might have    
known     ',twas only the pear-tree     
blossoms blown     ,by the frolic       
breeze2 but they cried1 ,oh1 dear6      
,surely the spring is late this year6   
,still1 we will try to grow4      ,all  
in the sultry ,august weather1     ,when
 no winds blow1     ,five little clovers
 were sad together     ,under the snow4 
',twas only the daisies waving white    
,above their heads in the glowing light2
     ,but they cried1 ,will we never    
understand8     ,it always snows in this
 fairyland--     ,yet1 we will try to   

grow4      ,all in the bright ,september
 weather1     ,when west winds blow1    
,five little clovers were glad together 
,under the snow4     ,for now 'twas the 
muslin kerchief cool1     ,of a dear    
little lass on her way to school4       
,the sweetest snow-fall of all1 said    
they2     ,we knew our reward would come
 some day1     ,if only we'd try to     
grow6     ,,nan',s ,,revolt4  ,,by      
,,rose ,,lattimore ,,alling4   ,,chapter
 ,v4  ,the ,ferris tea-table was a very 
cheery board1 where good spirits of a   
most delightful and commendable kind    
flowed freely4 ,the stiff and solemn    
,wilders1 who partook of the joys of    
life furtively1 were inclined to be     
scandalized4 ,who cared8 ,not the       
,ferrises1 and so1 as has been said1    
that happy family enjoyed life despite  
their critical neighbors1 and as they   
all gathered about the scarlet cloth    
that evening1 they looked like a band   
that ought never to be broken4  ,fun and
 laughter ran so high that the dear1    

tired father forgot his legal cares and 
cracked his jokes4 ,these were more or  
less bad1--but what matter so long as   
the children thought him just the       
darlingest1 funniest man in the world4  
,no guest remained long in that genial  
atmosphere without discovering the      
source of this sunny family-life1 and   
the true tendency of the current beneath
 all the froth and ripple of the        
nonsense4  ,from father and mother1 down
 to little ,claire1 it was a family of  
friends4 ,that was the entire secret4   
,there were no petty animosities1 no    
bickerings2 everything was open and     
above-board4 ,sincere and loving        
confidence bound them together4 ,the    
girls were interested in all their      
father's cases in court2 while he1 in   
turn1 listened to all their girlish     
performances with undivided attention4  
,no new gown or hat was completely      
satisfactory until he had passed a      
favorable judgment4 ,here in his own    
small court he was ,judge ,ferris1 in   

that title's noblest sense4 ,and the    
mother8 ,she was best sister of all     
among her daughters1--,mother and sister
 and queen1--all in one precious little 
woman1 as ,nan said1 lifting her off her
 feet with a vigorous embrace4  ,but the
 toast was getting cold1 and the        
festivity began as the plates went      
'round4 ,the judicial wrinkles in ,mr4  
,ferris's forehead were pulled out by   
those radiating from the outer corners  
of his kind eyes2 the mother utterly    
lost her authority as the mirth rose to 
a gale2 and nobody paid the slightest   
attention to ,lou's request for the     
honey4  ,nan1 said ,mrs4 ,ferris1       
laughing1 you are the only one who isn't
 behaving outrageously1 so please attend
 to your sister's wants4 ,but her       
observant eye did not leave her         
daughter's thoughtful face1 and she     
asked1 during a purely accidental lull  
in the chatter1--for she sympathized    
even with moods in her children3--,what 
is it1 dear2 what are you thinking      

about8 ,you seem to be taking the       
butter-dish into your confidence--we are
 jealous4  ,nan drew her eyes away1 and1
 giving her mother a bright look1 she   
answered3 ,why1 ,i was thinking of the  
time1 before we went to boarding-school1
 when ,papa called ,evelyn and me to him
 and asked us which we would rather have
 him do1 scrimp us all our lives on     
advantages and education1 so that he    
could lay up something for our future1  
or1 instead of dowry or legacy1 have our
 money as we went along1 depending upon 
our ability for the future4  ,and we    
voted as a single man1 didn't we8 said  
,evelyn4  ,we did that same1 ,evelyn2 we
 decided that we wanted but little here 
below1 but that we wanted that little   
right away6  ,and ,i recall how         
magnanimously you promised to share my  
last crust with me1 said ,mr4 ,ferris1  
hitching ,nan's chair nearer to him4    
,yes1 continued she1 ,i'll never desert 
you4 ,but ,i was going to say that ,i   
don't think ,i have kept my part of the 

agreement4 ,you have given me advantages
 which even richer girls have not had1  
and ,i have not done a thing with them  
yet4 ,i have had a whole year of        
idleness1 and ,i'm tired of it1 and want
 to go to work4  ,the family had heard  
something of this independent mood      
before1 but1 as nothing alarming came of
 it1 they received this announcement    
without any demonstration of surprise2  
indeed1 ,mr4 ,ferris attended to the    
dissolution of the sugar in his second  
cup of tea before looking up1 and then  
he said1 ,yes8 with a slowly rising     
inflection4  ,yes6 came from ,nan with a
 short downward one2 ,yes1 sir1 and ,i  
have a plan this time1 and wish to      
consult my beloved family before doing  
anything rash4  ,so that you can do it  
afterward with a clear conscience1 ,i   
suppose8 ventured her father1 wickedly4 
,no1 ,i shall do something a hundred    
times rasher if you oppose this plan1   
for it is the least revolutionary thing 
,i can think of4  ,well8--said her      

father1 inquiringly4  ,you know how hard
 ,aunt ,hettie has tried to induce one  
of us to come down to ,new ,york and    
spend the winter with her and ,uncle    
,nat1 and how we have all begged off    
because they live so quietly and so far 
up town1 we thought we should simply    
stagnate8 ,i should like to go there    
this winter1 not1 ,i blush to say1 for  
their sakes alone1 but because ,i wish  
to study4  ,illustration3 ,,nan ,,found 
,,cathy ,,filling ,a ,,fireplace ,,with 
,,golden-,,rod4 7,,see ,,next ,,page47  
,what6 study more8 groaned ,lou1 who was
 only fourteen1 and in the toils of     
cube-root4  ,yes1 study more1 asserted  
,nan4 ,i want to take a course of       
lessons in a school of design1 for ,i   
think ,i may do something in that line  
that may pay1 after a while4 ,now1      
observe the latent beauty of my scheme4 
,by spending the winter with them1 ,i   
shan't need any new clothes--which means
 that ,i intend to pay for my lessons   
out of my own allowance4  ,oh1 never    

mind that1 dear child1 ,mr4 ,ferris said
 lovingly4  ,yes1 ,i will mind6 ,that is
 just what makes us girls so            
good-for-nothing2--we don't 'mind'      
enough6 ,i really think it would be fun 
to actually need a new dress and know ,i
 couldn't have it until ,i earned       
it--buttons1 whale-bones1 and braid4    
,anyhow1 if it were not fun1 it would be
 good for my character4 ,now what do you
 all think8 and ,nan helped herself to  
cake1 observing that the others had     
finished theirs4  ,mr4 ,ferris1 heaving 
an involuntary sigh1 began3  ,well1     
dear1 as you know1 your mother and ,i   
consider it our duty to bring up our    
girls so that each can1 if the necessity
 should come1 earn her own living2 and  
perhaps the time is here for one to fly 
out of the nest to try her wings1--ah1  
me6  ,but that is just what ,i don't    
want to do2 and one reason ,i hit upon  
this plan is that it will take me away  
from home only one winter1 perhaps1 and 
then not among strangers1 said ,nan4    

,but1 objected ,mr4 ,ferris1 do you know
 anything about this school8  ,the      
,cooper ,institute8 ,i should think so4 
,why1 it was reading about this         
particular branch of decorative art in  
the newspaper1 the other day1 that made 
me think of it4  ,then1 little girl1 he 
said fondly1 ,i think ,i am pleased with
 your plan4  ,when they were all grouped
 before the fire1 and ,mr4 ,ferris had  
drawn ,nan close to him1 as though      
somehow he were about to lose her1      
,evelyn took her mother's hand in hers  
and began3  ,papa1 don't think ,i am    
going to do nothing2 ,i am not like     
,nan1 nor can ,i do the things she can2 
but ,i try to believe each has a special
 talent1 and if ,i have a passion1 it is
 for housekeeping2 and ,mother and ,i   
have a lovely plan6 ,and those two      
exchanged a laughing glance of great    
portent4  ,anything like secrecy        
immediately aroused in the ,ferris      
family the most vehement denunciation4  
,what do you mean8 demanded the chorus4 

,well1 then1 ,mother hasn't the         
slightest idea what we are going to have
 for breakfast to-morrow morning1       
because ,i am the housekeeper of this   
house1 and ,i am going to buy everything
 and plan everything1 and pay all the   
bills1--with a little pecuniary aid from
 you1 ,papa1--and make a study of beef  
and poultry1 while ,mother is going to  
do fancy-work and read ,french novels4  
,but ,i am only going to learn to do    
well what ninety-nine girls out of every
 hundred have to do1--so there6         
,splendid6 splendid6 shouted ,mr4       
,ferris1 going over to this oldest of   
the flock and taking her face lovingly  
between his hands4 ,i declare1 ,i don't 
know of which to be proudest2 you       
mutually surpass each other1 my         
children4  ,wait until after to-morrow  
morning's breakfast1 and ,i fear you    
will be able to decide6 called the new  
housekeeper1 as she disappeared to have 
a consultation with the cook4  ,all     
these revolutionary measures were not of

 the sudden growth that their speedy    
results seem to indicate4 ,any girl who 
enjoys the luxury of aimlessness during 
that long-desired period after she has  
finished1 will1 sooner or later1        
encounter that arch-fiend of happiness1 
satiety1--the ,apollyon of those who    
exist merely to have a good time4 ,nan  
had been reared amidst the most healthy 
influences1 and her vigorous young      
nature demanded more nourishing rations 
than those offered by the life she had  
been leading4 ,however1 this longing had
 only come of late1 for she had been    
most devoted to the pomps and vanities1 
while her parents had looked on with    
some anxiety1 but held their peace1     
trusting that she would come out all    
right4  ,bert's surroundings were       
different1 her home influences being    
wholly worldly1 her mother desiring     
nothing more of her daughter than that  
she should move among the best circles1 
finally making a brilliant marriage4    
,bert had not only dutifully but eagerly

 explored those aristocratic precincts1 
and had enjoyed herself hugely1 as she  
observed everything in her own original 
and critical way1 amusing herself with  
her own conclusions4 ,her wit and       
breeziness made her always welcome1 and 
she could even enliven the clammy       
atmosphere of a young ladies' luncheon1 
as there was always sure to be grateful 
laughter at her end of the table4 ,this 
success was exhilarating for a while1   
until she began to discover that she got
 very little for her pains4 ,she herself
 needed stimulating2 she demanded equal 
exertion from others2 why should she be 
interested in uninteresting people8 she 
should like to know4 ,she didn't find   
out4 ,she was already very privately    
admitting to herself that she would like
 to shake the best circles from center  
to circumference4 ,but the poor girl did
 not know what might be the social      
result1 and to make a break had never   
occurred to her as a possibility until  
,nan's audacity suggested it4  ,so1     

while ,bert sat on the other side of her
 father's desk and signed letters in her
 most elegant hand1 ,mitchell  ,co41 per
 ,b41 wondering if the junior members of
 the firms to which she had been writing
 would ever guess who ,b4 was1 or if    
they would conclude it stood for some   
stupid1 round-shouldered ,brown or      
,bates or ,baker1--,nan sped down to    
,cathy's to be the first to announce    
,bert's business career1 as ,evelyn's   
new cares detained her at home4         
,illustration3 ,,the ,b4 ,,of ,,mitchell
  ,,co4  ,nan found ,cathy filling a    
fireplace with a yellow glory of        
golden-rod4  ,that's lovely6 commented  
,nan4 ,but what if you want a fire some 
of these cool evenings8  ,why1 that's   
the beauty of my idea2 the fire is all  
ready to light under these1 and when we 
want one all we have to do is to let the
 whole thing burn up2 the golden-rod    
will be dried by that time1 and then ,i 
can get more4 ,see8  ,good2 that's      
sensible2 for if there is anything ,i   

hate1 it is a grate too fine to have a  
big1 roaring fire in it4 ,you always    
were an artist in flowers4 ,but that    
isn't what ,i came to remark4 ,what do  
you suppose ,bert has done now8  ,then  
followed a long talk1 such as only girls
 are equal to1 during which ,bert's     
clerkship and ,evelyn's housekeeping    
venture were discussed1 and ,nan's own  
plans divulged4  ,oh1 me6 ,cathy sighed 
hopelessly4 ,this is all very           
soul-stirring2 ,i only am behind4 ,i    
can't dash about and assert myself as   
you girls do1 and besides1 ,i think it  
is my duty to stay at home with ,mother4
  ,this duty ,cathy had borne sweetly1  
for her mother was a doleful companion1 
who was making the mistake of casting a 
shadow over this daughter's life because
 her only other daughter had not been   
spared to her4 ,this grief and the loss 
of her husband many years before had not
 taught her to make the lives of those  
still left to her as happy as possible2 
yet ,cathy cheerfully made sunshine in a

 shady place1 while ,fred manfully      
shouldered his father's business1 which 
weighed heavily on his young shoulders4 
,but ,i do want an object in life       
besides1 continued ,cathy1 for staying  
where ,i am put is only half my duty4   
,if ,i should relieve ,mother of the    
housekeeping ,i believe she would die1  
so ,i can't follow ,evelyn's example4   
,what can ,i do8 she asked mournfully4  
,nan was reflecting that there were     
three kinds of girls1--those who led1   
like ,bert2 those who are led1 like     
,evelyn2 and those who must be pushed1  
like ,cathy4 ,and maybe it is my duty to
 push1 she thought4  ,well1 ,catherine1 
she began1 settling herself in her      
chair1 would you really like to earn    
your own living8  ,yes2 ,i most         
certainly should like to do something   
toward it1 for ,i have often wondered if
 dear old ,fred didn't forego part of   
his own profits from the nursery for our
 sakes4 ,did you girls find out your    
vocations all alone1 without any help or

 suggestion from others8 she continued4 
,bert did1 of course1 said ,nan4 ,who   
ever knew her to take advice from       
anybody8 ,but ,evelyn and ,i talked all 
day and all night1 and alternately      
propped each other's falling spirits1   
and last night the jury of the entire   
family sat upon us6  ,oh1 yes---- and   
,cathy sighed again4 ,but you see ,i    
have nobody4 ,mother wouldn't be        
interested1 and ,fred wouldn't hear of  
such a thing4 ,he thinks a girl should  
be very feminine1 and let her brother   
support her if she has no father4 ,no1  
,i must get on without sympathy4  ,but  
you shan't6 ,i'm here on purpose to help
 you as ,i have been helped4 ,i feel it 
my duty to pass on the impulse4  ,you   
are a dear1 good girl1 and ,i love you1 
,cathy said gratefully4 ,i'll be your   
humble servant and do just what you tell
 me4 ,i wish ,i could go to ,new ,york  
with you and take lessons in            
flower-painting4  ,you'd never get rich 
selling a daisy and a lily and a little 

buttercup4 ,you would better go to      
raising golden-rod in your brother's    
nursery1 and then peddle it about the   
city1 filling people's fireplaces at a  
dollar apiece6  ,i wish ,i could4 ,do   
you know1 ,i should just love to raise  
flowers----  ,that's it6 screamed ,nan  
delightedly4 ,just the thing6 ,have a   
hot-house1--cut-flowers for the         
million1--beat ,haas  ,schaeffer out of 
town6 ,you could do it1 ,cathy2 you have
 exquisite taste in flowers1 and        
everybody will be crazy to have a basket
 or bouquet from the high-art           
green-house6 ,we girls will always buy  
of you1--why1 ,haas sent me a lot of    
carnations for the ,atwood party without
 any stems to them----  ,and he never   
knows enough to have narcissus or       
daffodils1 or any of those stylish      
flowers6 excitedly broke in ,cathy1 with
 dilated eyes4  ,and don't you charge   
quite five dollars apiece for rose-buds 
either6  ,and ,i will cut lots of leaves
 with them2 and funeral people shall not

 have those hideous 'gates ajar' from my
 establishment6  ,but at this both girls
 burst into a merry laugh1 and seriously
 set about discussing the ways and      
means4  ,cathy decided to find out the  
cost of such an undertaking1 and the    
business outlook of the project before  
consulting ,fred4  ,nan remembered that 
her father knew a man somehow connected 
with a green-house in another city4     
,cathy mentioned a certain corner of    
their grounds where she could build     
hers4  ,nan suggested that she go down  
to ,johnson's and see what books there  
were on the subject2 and so on1 until at
 last they parted with a happy sense of 
lively stir and aim4  ,but these four   
fortunes were not made in a day1 and the
 time seemed long before much but       
discouragement was achieved4 ,just here 
is where the masculine pertinacity is   
valuable4 ,business results are slow1   
and the feminine mind chafes at delay1  
and wants to see the net gain           
immediately4  ,bert found stenography   

very tedious1 if not quite a bore2 and  
there came many days when she would have
 been willing to slip back into social  
inertness1 and keep to her slippers and 
book rather than present herself in the 
dingy office4 ,although1 when once she  
had conquered1 it wasn't so bad1 for    
there was a bright rug on the floor1 and
 a small feather-duster1 hung up by a   
scarlet ribbon1 did effective service4  
,her sense of the humorous also came to 
her aid1 for the expression of relieved 
suspense she caught on her father's face
 as she appeared regularly morning after
 morning amused her1 and the one of     
loving friendliness that began to settle
 there more than repaid her4            
,illustration3 ,i ,,play ,,loud         
,,waltzes ,,on ,,the ,,piano1 ,,until   
,,the ,,silence ,,of ,,these            
,,sepulchral ,,rooms ,,is ,,put ,,to    
,,flight4 7,,see ,,next ,,page47  ,on   
,saturday1 at the end of her first week1
 she found a little pile of silver by   
her plate4 ,she regarded it curiously   

for a moment1 then inquired doubtfully3 
,is this the exact sum you would have   
paid to a ,mr4 ,snipkins1 had such a    
person been hired in my place1 and done 
the work ,i have done8  ,exactly1       
,bertha2 no more1 no less1 her father   
replied1 smiling4  ,earned1 she         
murmured1 slowly dropping the pieces one
 by one into her purse4 ,what a queer   
feeling6 ,money for an equivalent       
given--,i don't believe ,i shall ever   
spend it6  ,mr4 ,mitchell looked        
particularly pleased1 as he said3 ,ah1  
you begin to appreciate what a dollar   
stands for4  ,evelyn's table blossomed  
out into all manner of pretty devices1  
each studied from a newly purchased     
cook-book4 ,the butter reposed in       
beautifully shaped rolls on a feathery  
bed of parsley2 even homely roasted     
potatoes looked inviting as they lay in 
a nest made of the snowy folds of a     
fringed napkin4 ,mr4 ,ferris declared he
 was twice fed by ,evelyn's banquets4   
,so it was all very fine until the bills

 came in at the end of the month2 not   
that daintiness in serving cost         
anything1 but she had erred in other    
directions4 ,evelyn was in              
consternation1 for she had confidently  
supposed she could save a snug little   
bit from the sum allotted for           
housekeeping expenses1 and this amount  
she was at liberty to spend as she      
chose1 and she had already chosen to get
 a dozen tinted finger-glasses1 a       
,japanese bowl for broken ice1 another  
for salad1 and so on1 until1 to her     
mind's eye1 her table was a dream of    
color and form2 but when that eye opened
 on the grocery bill1 and the butcher's 
bill1 and the milk bill1 and then on    
minus six dollars and eighty-five cents1
 it nearly dropped a tear of shame and  
disappointment4  ,no1 she thought1 after
 suppressing her first impulse to ask   
her mother what to do1 no6 ,if ,i have  
been extravagant1 ,i must find out      
where1 and pay for it2 and this deficit 
shall come out of my own allowance4     

,next month ,i will do better4  ,and she
 did4  ,nan wrote from ,new ,york1 about
 the middle of ,november3               
,thanksgiving is coming1 but ,i'm not4  
,as my highest earthly      desire is to
 earn twenty-five dollars1 ,i'm not     
going to spend      that much1          
especially as ,i haven't got it1 for    
just two days'      pleasure4 ,i may    
mention1 by way of a mere casual remark1
 that      at present there isn't the   
dimmest possibility of my earning a     
punched coin this year1 unless ,i happen
 to take a prize next      spring4 ,in  
my own humble imagination ,i have       
already done this      and have1 of     
course1 chosen the things ,i shall buy  
with the      money6 ,but ,i do wish    
there were no rudiments to learn4 ,they 
keep one back so6 ,all this week ,i've  
devoted the forces of my      nature to 
drawing straight lines and angles1      
,however1 ,i have      long suspected   
that one of my faults was dislike of    
real hard      work1 so ,i am going to  

'peg right along1' and lay foundations4 
,there are several nice girls in the    
class1 and ,aunt ,hettie      says that 
,i may invite ,ruth ,manning1 who has no
 home to go to1      here to            
,thanksgiving dinner4 ,i am having a gay
 time shaking up      this quiet house4 
,i play loud waltzes on the piano1 and  
sing      at the top of my voice1 which 
you well know penetrates to the         
gables of the garret1 until the silence 
of these sepulchral      rooms is put to
 flight4 ,i am also adding worldly      
touches to      these same tombs1 and   
dear ,aunty sees how much prettier they 
look1 and wonders she never thought of  
the little changes ,i've      made4 ,and
 what do you think--,i trimmed her up a 
bonnet2 quite      different from her   
usual head-gear1 ,i can tell you1 with  
really      a furtive air of style about
 it6--and ,i held her before the        
glass until ,i made her own that she    
liked it2 and when ,i      marched her  
in to show it to ,uncle ,nat1 and       

commanded him to      say it was        
becoming1 he said it looked like one she
 wore when      he was courting her1    
whereat he kissed her1 and she blushed  
with pleasure4 ,she will wear that      
bonnet next ,sunday1      although ,i   
think she expects instant               
excommunication4       ,tell ,evelyn ,i 
long for the locusts and wild honey she 
seems to      be serving up so          
charmingly2 also that we made a great   
hit when      we made over my brown     
suit1 for it is quite 'the thing4' ,i   
think it is splendid of ,fred ,drake to 
loan ,cathy the money to      start her 
green things4       ,i'm going to paper 
my room with common manilla paper1 when 
,i      get home1 and then put splashes 
of gilt on it1 happy-go-lucky           
style4 ,i saw a room done so4       ,hug
 yourselves all around1 for             
,your loving                            
,,nan ,,ferris4  ,yes1 ,cathy's brother 
behaved nobly when he once found she was
 determined2 and1 when this hitherto    

gentle and submissive creature announced
 to him that she could get her house    
built1 heated1 and stocked for from six 
to eight hundred dollars1 mentioning    
other items showing careful study of the
 subject1 and asked if she could not    
have that amount out of her share of the
 property1 he not only promised to fix  
it some way1 and chucked her under the  
chin1 as a special mark of tenderness1  
but offered her the services of a young 
,german boy who was in his employ4  ,so 
it was not long before the sound of the 
hammer was heard in the land1 and the   
first snowflakes of winter fell on      
countless panes of glass1 while her     
little forest of tender plants sprouted 
and climbed1 and blossomed in the humid 
air below4  7,to be continued47         
,,little ,,lord ,,fauntleroy4  ,,by     
,,frances ,,hodgson ,,burnett4          
,,chapter ,,xii4  ,a very few days after
 the dinner-party at the ,castle1 almost
 everybody in ,england who read the     
newspapers at all knew the romantic     

story of what had happened at           
,dorincourt4 ,it made a very interesting
 story when it was told with all the    
details4 ,there was the little ,american
 boy who had been brought to ,england to
 be ,lord ,fauntleroy1 and who was said 
to be so fine and handsome a little     
fellow1 and to have already made people 
fond of him2 there was the old ,earl1   
his grandfather1 who was so proud of his
 heir2 there was the pretty young mother
 who had never been forgiven for        
marrying ,captain ,errol2 and there was 
the strange marriage of ,bevis1 the dead
 ,lord ,fauntleroy1 and the strange     
wife1 of whom no one knew anything1     
suddenly appearing with her son1 and    
saying that he was the real ,lord       
,fauntleroy and must have his rights4   
,all these things were talked about and 
written about1 and caused a tremendous  
sensation4 ,and then there came the     
rumor that the ,earl of ,dorincourt was 
not satisfied with the turn affairs had 
taken1 and would perhaps contest the    

claim by law1 and the matter might end  
with a wonderful trial4  ,there never   
had been such excitement before in the  
county in which ,erleboro was situated4 
,on market-days1 people stood in groups 
and talked and wondered what would be   
done2 the farmers' wives invited one    
another to tea that they might tell one 
another all they had heard and all they 
thought and all they thought other      
people thought4 ,they related wonderful 
anecdotes about the ,earl's rage and his
 determination not to acknowledge the   
new ,lord ,fauntleroy1 and his hatred of
 the woman who was the claimant's       
mother4 ,but1 of course1 it was ,mrs4   
,dibble who could tell the most1 and who
 was more in demand than ever4  ,an' a  
bad lookout it is1 she said4 ,an' if you
 were to ask me1 ma'am1 ,i should say as
 it was a judgment on him for the way   
he's treated that sweet young cre'tur'  
as he parted from her child1--for he's  
got that fond of him an' that set on him
 an' that proud of him as he's a'most   

drove mad by what's happened4 ,an'      
what's more1 this new one's no lady1 as 
his little lordship's ma is4 ,she's a   
bold-faced1 black-eyed thing1 as ,mr4   
,thomas says no gentleman in livery 'u'd
 bemean hisself to be guv orders by2 an'
 let her come into the house1 he says1  
an' he goes out of it4 ,an' the boy     
don't no more compare with the other one
 than nothin' you could mention4 ,an'   
mercy knows what's goin' to come of it  
all1 an' where it's to end1 an' you     
might have knocked me down with a       
feather when ,jane brought the news4    
,in fact there was excitement everywhere
 at the ,castle2 in the library1 where  
the ,earl and ,mr4 ,havisham sat and    
talked2 in the servants' hall1 where    
,mr4 ,thomas and the butler and the     
other men and women servants gossiped   
and exclaimed at all times of the day2  
and in the stables1 where ,wilkins went 
about his work in a quite depressed     
state of mind1 and groomed the brown    
pony more beautifully than ever1 and    

said mournfully to the coachman that he 
never taught a young gen'leman to ride  
as took to it more nat'ral1 or was a    
better-plucked one than he was4 ,he was 
a one as it were some pleasure to ride  
behind4  ,but in the midst of all the   
disturbance there was one person who was
 quite calm and untroubled4 ,that person
 was the little ,lord ,fauntleroy who   
was said not to be ,lord ,fauntleroy at 
all4 ,when first the state of affairs   
had been explained to him1 he had felt  
some little anxiousness and perplexity1 
it is true1 but its foundation was not  
in baffled ambition4  ,while the ,earl  
told him what had happened1 he had sat  
on a stool holding on to his knee1 as he
 so often did when he was listening to  
anything interesting2 and by the time   
the story was finished he looked quite  
sober4  ,it makes me feel very queer1 he
 said2 it makes me feel--queer6  ,the   
,earl looked at the boy in silence4 ,it 
made him feel queer1 too--queerer than  
he had ever felt in his whole life4 ,and

 he felt more queer still when he saw   
that there was a troubled expression on 
the small face which was usually so     
happy4  ,will they take ,dearest's house
 away from her--and her carriage8       
,cedric asked in a rather unsteady1     
anxious little voice4  ,no6 said the    
,earl decidedly--in quite a loud voice  
in fact4 ,they can take nothing from    
her4  ,ah6 said ,cedric1 with evident   
relief4 ,can't they8  ,then he looked up
 at his grandfather1 and there was a    
wistful shade in his eyes1 and they     
looked very big and soft4  ,that other  
boy1 he said rather tremulously--he will
 have to--to be your boy now--as ,i     
was--wont he8  ,no6 answered the        
,earl--and he said it so fiercely and   
loudly that ,cedric quite jumped4  ,no8 
he exclaimed1 in wonderment4 ,wont he8  
,i thought----  ,he stood up from his   
stool quite suddenly4  ,shall ,i be your
 boy1 even if ,i'm not going to be an   
earl8 he said4 ,shall ,i be your boy1   
just as ,i was before8 ,and his flushed 

little face was all alight with         
eagerness4  ,how the old ,earl did look 
at him from head to foot1 to be sure4   
,how his great shaggy brows did draw    
themselves together1 and how queerly his
 deep eyes shone under them--how very   
queerly6  ,my boy6 he said--and1 if     
you'll believe it1 his very voice was   
queer1 almost shaky and a little broken 
and hoarse1 not at all what you would   
expect an earl's voice to be1 though he 
spoke more decidedly and peremptorily   
even than before1--,yes1 you'll be my   
boy as long as ,i live2 and1 by ,george1
 sometimes ,i feel as if you were the   
only boy ,i had ever had4  ,cedric's    
face turned red to the roots of his     
hair2 it turned red with relief and     
pleasure4 ,he put both his hands deep   
into his pockets and looked squarely    
into his noble relative's eyes4  ,do    
you8 he said4 ,well1 then1 ,i don't care
 about the earl part at all4 ,i don't   
care whether ,i'm an earl or not4 ,i    
thought--you see1 ,i thought the one    

that was going to be the ,earl would    
have to be your boy1 too1 and--and ,i   
couldn't be4 ,that was what made me feel
 so queer4  ,the ,earl put his hand on  
his shoulder and drew him nearer4  ,they
 shall take nothing from you that ,i can
 hold for you1 he said1 drawing his     
breath hard4 ,i wont believe yet that   
they can take anything from you4 ,you   
were made for the place1 and--well1 you 
may fill it still4 ,but whatever comes1 
you shall have all that ,i can give     
you--all6  ,it scarcely seemed as if he 
were speaking to a child1 there was such
 determination in his face and voice2 it
 was more as if he were making a promise
 to himself--and perhaps he was4  ,he   
had never before known how deep a hold  
upon him his fondness for the boy and   
his pride in him had taken4 ,he had     
never seen his strength and good        
qualities and beauty as he seemed to see
 them now4 ,to his obstinate nature it  
seemed impossible--more than            
impossible--to give up what he had so   

set his heart upon4 ,and he had         
determined that he would not give it up 
without a fierce struggle4  ,within a   
few days after she had seen ,mr4        
,havisham1 the woman who claimed to be  
,lady ,fauntleroy presented herself at  
the ,castle1 and brought her child with 
her4 ,she was sent away4 ,the ,earl     
would not see her1 she was told by the  
footman at the door2 his lawyer would   
attend to her case4 ,it was ,thomas who 
gave the message1 and who expressed his 
opinion of her freely afterward1 in the 
servants' hall4 ,he hoped1 he said1 as  
he had wore livery in 'igh famblies long
 enough to know a lady when he see one1 
an' if that was a lady he was no judge  
o' females4  ,the one at the ,lodge1    
added ,thomas loftily1 ',merican or no  
',merican1 she's one o' the right sort1 
as any gentleman 'u'd reckinize with    
'alf a heye4 ,i remarked it myself to   
,henery when fust we called there4      
,illustration3 ,,she ,,was ,,told ,,by  
,,the ,,footman ,,at ,,the ,,door ,,that

 ,,the ,,earl ,,would ,,not ,,see ,,her4
  ,the woman drove away2 the look on her
 handsome1 common face half frightened1 
half fierce4 ,mr4 ,havisham had noticed1
 during his interviews with her1 that   
though she had a passionate temper and a
 coarse1 insolent manner1 she was       
neither so clever nor so bold as she    
meant to be2 she seemed sometimes to be 
almost overwhelmed by the position in   
which she had placed herself4 ,it was as
 if she had not expected to meet with   
such opposition4  ,she is evidently1 the
 lawyer said to ,mrs4 ,errol1 a person  
from the lower walks of life4 ,she is   
uneducated and untrained in everything1 
and quite unused to meeting people like 
ourselves on any terms of equality4 ,she
 does not know what to do4 ,her visit to
 the ,castle quite cowed her4 ,she was  
infuriated1 but she was cowed4 ,the     
,earl would not receive her1 but ,i     
advised him to go with me to the        
,dorincourt ,arms1 where she is staying4
 ,when she saw him enter the room1 she  

turned white1 though she flew into a    
rage at once1 and threatened and        
demanded in one breath4  ,illustration3 
',,shall ,i ,,be ,,your ,,boy1 ,,even   
,,if ,i',m ,,not ,,going ,,to ,,be ,,an 
,,earl8' ,,said ,,cedric4  ,the fact was
 that the ,earl had stalked into the    
room and stood1 looking like a venerable
 aristocratic giant1 staring at the     
woman from under his beetling brows1 and
 not condescending a word4 ,he simply   
stared at her1 taking her in from head  
to foot as if she were some repulsive   
curiosity4 ,he let her talk and demand  
until she was tired1 without himself    
uttering a word1 and then he said3  ,you
 say you are my eldest son's wife4 ,if  
that is true1 and if the proof you offer
 is too much for us1 the law is on your 
side4 ,in that case1 your boy is ,lord  
,fauntleroy4 ,the matter will be sifted 
to the bottom1 you may rest assured4 ,if
 your claims are proved1 you will be    
provided for4 ,i want to see nothing    
either of you or the child so long as ,i

 live4 ,the place will unfortunately    
have enough of you after my death4 ,you 
are exactly the kind of person ,i should
 have expected my son ,bevis to choose4 
,and then he turned his back upon her   
and stalked out of the room as he had   
stalked into it4  ,not many days after  
that1 a visitor was announced to ,mrs4  
,errol1 who was writing in her little   
morning room4 ,the maid1 who brought the
 message1 looked rather excited2 her    
eyes were quite round with amazement1 in
 fact1 and being young and              
inexperienced1 she regarded her mistress
 with nervous sympathy4  ,it's the ,earl
 hisself1 ma'am6 she said in tremulous  
awe4  ,when ,mrs4 ,errol entered the    
drawing-room1 a very tall1              
majestic-looking old man was standing on
 the tiger-skin rug4 ,he had a handsome1
 grim old face1 with an aquiline        
profile1 a long white mustache1 and an  
obstinate look4  ,mrs4 ,errol1 ,i       
believe8 he said4  ,mrs4 ,errol1 she    
answered4  ,i am the ,earl of           

,dorincourt1 he said4  ,he paused a     
moment1 almost unconsciously1 to look in
 to her uplifted eyes4 ,they were so    
like the big1 affectionate1 childish    
eyes he had seen uplifted to his own so 
often every day during the last few     
months1 that they gave him a quite      
curious sensation4  ,the boy is very    
like you1 he said abruptly4  ,it has    
been often said so1 my lord1 she        
replied1 but ,i have been glad to think 
him like his father also4  ,as ,lady    
,lorridaile had told him1 her voice was 
very sweet1 and her manner was very     
simple and dignified4 ,she did not seem 
in the least troubled by his sudden     
coming4  ,yes1 said the ,earl1 he is    
like--my son--too4 ,he put his hand up  
to his big white mustache and pulled it 
fiercely4 ,do you know1 he said1 why ,i 
have come here8  ,i have seen ,mr4      
,havisham1 ,mrs4 ,errol began1 and he   
has told me of the claims which have    
been made----  ,i have come to tell you1
 said the ,earl1 that they will be      

investigated and contested1 if a contest
 can be made4 ,i have come to tell you  
that the boy shall be defended with all 
the power of the law4 ,his rights----   
,the soft voice interrupted him4  ,he   
must have nothing that is not his by    
right1 even if the law can give it to   
him1 she said4  ,unfortunately the law  
can not1 said the ,earl4 ,if it could1  
it should4 ,this outrageous woman and   
her child----  ,perhaps she cares for   
him as much as ,i care for ,cedric1 my  
lord1 said little ,mrs4 ,errol4 ,and if 
she was your eldest son's wife1 her son 
is ,lord ,fauntleroy1 and mine is not4  
,she was no more afraid of him than     
,cedric had been1 and she looked at him 
just as ,cedric would have looked1 and  
he1 having been an old tyrant all his   
life1 was privately pleased by it4      
,people so seldom dared to differ from  
him that there was an entertaining      
novelty in it4  ,i suppose1 he said1    
scowling slightly1 that you would much  
prefer that he should not be the ,earl  

of ,dorincourt4  ,her fair young face   
flushed4  ,it is a very magnificent     
thing to be the ,earl of ,dorincourt1 my
 lord1 she said4 ,i know that1 but ,i   
care most that he should be what his    
father was--brave and just and true     
always4  ,in striking contrast to what  
his grandfather was1 eh8 said his       
lordship sardonically4  ,i have not had 
the pleasure of knowing his grandfather1
 replied ,mrs4 ,errol1 but ,i know my   
little boy believes---- ,she stopped    
short a moment1 looking quietly into his
 face1 and then she added1 ,i know that 
,cedric loves you4  ,would he have loved
 me1 said the ,earl dryly1 if you had   
told him why ,i did not receive you at  
the ,castle8  ,no1 answered ,mrs4       
,errol2 ,i think not4 ,that was why ,i  
did not wish him to know4  ,well1 said  
my lord1 brusquely1 there are few women 
who would not have told him4  ,he       
suddenly began to walk up and down the  
room1 pulling his great mustache more   
violently than ever4  ,yes1 he is fond  

of me1 he said1 and ,i am fond of him4  
,i can't say ,i ever was fond of        
anything before4 ,i am fond of him4 ,he 
pleased me from the first4 ,i am an old 
man1 and was tired of my life4 ,he has  
given me something to live for4 ,i am   
proud of him4 ,i was satisfied to think 
of his taking his place some day as the 
head of the family4  ,he came back and  
stood before ,mrs4 ,errol4  ,i am       
miserable1 he said4 ,miserable6  ,he    
looked as if he was4 ,even his pride    
could not keep his voice steady or his  
hands from shaking4 ,for a moment it    
almost seemed as if his deep1 fierce    
eyes had tears in them4 ,perhaps it is  
because ,i am miserable that ,i have    
come to you1 he said1 quite glaring down
 at her4 ,i used to hate you2 ,i have   
been jealous of you4 ,this wretched1    
disgraceful business has changed that4  
,after seeing that repulsive woman who  
calls herself the wife of my son ,bevis1
 ,i actually felt it would be a relief  
to look at you4 ,i have been an         

obstinate old fool1 and ,i suppose ,i   
have treated you badly4 ,you are like   
the boy1 and the boy is the first object
 in my life4 ,i am miserable1 and ,i    
came to you merely because you are like 
the boy1 and he cares for you1 and ,i   
care for him4 ,treat me as well as you  
can1 for the boy's sake4  ,he said it   
all in his harsh voice1 and almost      
roughly1 but somehow he seemed so broken
 down for the time that ,mrs4 ,errol was
 touched to the heart4 ,she got up and  
moved an arm-chair a little forward4  ,i
 wish you would sit down1 she said in a 
soft1 pretty1 sympathetic way4 ,you have
 been so much troubled that you are very
 tired1 and you need all your strength4 
,it was just as new to him to be spoken 
to and cared for in that gentle1 simple 
way as it was to be contradicted4 ,he   
was reminded of the boy again1 and he   
actually did as she asked him4 ,perhaps 
his disappointment and wretchedness were
 good discipline for him2 if he had not 
been wretched he might have continued to

 hate her1 but just at present he found 
her a little soothing4 ,almost anything 
would have seemed pleasant by contrast  
with ,lady ,fauntleroy2 and this one had
 so sweet a face and voice1 and a pretty
 dignity when she spoke or moved4 ,very 
soon1 by the quiet magic of these       
influences1 he began to feel less       
gloomy1 and then he talked still more4  
,whatever happens1 he said1 the boy     
shall be provided for4 ,he shall be     
taken care of1 now and in the future4   
,before he went away1 he glanced around 
the room4  ,do you like the house8 he   
demanded4  ,very much1 she answered4    
,this is a cheerful room1 he said4 ,may 
,i come here again and talk this matter 
over8  ,as often as you wish1 my lord1  
she replied4  ,and then he went out to  
his carriage and drove away1 ,thomas and
 ,henry almost stricken dumb upon the   
box at the turn affairs had taken4      
,,chapter ,,xiii4  ,of course1 as soon  
as the story of ,lord ,fauntleroy and   
the difficulties of the ,earl of        

,dorincourt were discussed in the       
,english newspapers1 they were discussed
 in the ,american newspapers4 ,the story
 was too interesting to be passed over  
lightly1 and it was talked of a great   
deal4 ,there were so many versions of it
 that it would have been an edifying    
thing to buy all the papers and compare 
them4 ,mr4 ,hobbs read so much about it 
that he became quite bewildered4 ,one   
paper described his young friend ,cedric
 as an infant in arms1--another as a    
young man at ,oxford1 winning all the   
honors1 and distinguishing himself by   
writing ,greek poems2 one said he was   
engaged to a young lady of great beauty1
 who was the daughter of a duke2 another
 said he had just been married2 the only
 thing1 in fact1 which was not said was 
that he was a little boy between seven  
and eight1 with handsome legs and curly 
hair4 ,one said he was no relation to   
the ,earl of ,dorincourt at all1 but was
 a small impostor who had sold          
newspapers and slept in the streets of  

,new ,york before his mother imposed    
upon the family lawyer1 who came to     
,america to look for the ,earl's heir4  
,then came the descriptions of the new  
,lord ,fauntleroy and his mother4       
,sometimes she was a gypsy1 sometimes an
 actress1 sometimes a beautiful         
,spaniard2 but it was always agreed that
 the ,earl of ,dorincourt was her deadly
 enemy1 and would not acknowledge her   
son as his heir if he could help it1 and
 as there seemed to be some slight flaw 
in the papers she had produced1 it was  
expected that there would be a long     
trial1 which would be far more          
interesting than anything ever carried  
into court before4 ,mr4 ,hobbs used to  
read the papers until his head was in a 
whirl1 and in the evening he and ,dick  
would talk it all over4 ,they found out 
what an important personage an ,earl of 
,dorincourt was1 and what a magnificent 
income he possessed1 and how many       
estates he owned1 and how stately and   
beautiful was the ,castle in which he   

lived2 and the more they learned1 the   
more excited they became4  ,seems like  
somethin' orter be done1 said ,mr4      
,hobbs4 ,things like them orter be held 
on to--earls or no earls4  ,but there   
really was nothing they could do but    
each write a letter to ,cedric1         
containing assurances of their          
friendship and sympathy4 ,they wrote    
those letters as soon as they could     
after receiving the news2 and after     
having written them1 they handed them   
over to each other to be read4  ,this is
 what ,mr4 ,hobbs read in ,dick's       
letter3       ,,dere ,,frend3 i got ure 
letter an ,mr4 ,hobbs got his an we are 
sory u are down on ure luck an we say   
hold on as longs u kin an      dont let 
no one git ahed of u4 ,there is a lot of
 ole theves wil      make al they kin of
 u ef u dont kepe ure i skined4 ,but    
this is      mosly to say that ive not  
forgot wot u did fur me an if there     
aint no better way cum over here an go  
in pardners with me4      ,biznes is    

fine an ile see no harm cums to u ,enny 
big feler that      trise to cum it over
 u wil hafter setle it fust with        
,perfessor      ,dick ,tipton4 ,so no   
more at present                         
,,dick4  ,and this was what ,dick read  
in ,mr4 ,hobbs's letter3       ,,dear   
,,sir3 ,yrs received and wd say things  
looks bad4 ,i believe      its a put up 
job and them thats done it ought to be  
looked      after sharp4 ,and what ,i   
write to say is two things4 ,im going to
      look this thing up ,keep quiet and
 ,ill see a lawyer and do all ,i        
can ,and if the worst happens and them  
earls is too many for us      theres a  
partnership in the grocery business     
ready for you when      yure old enough 
and a home and a friend in              
,yrs truly1            ,,silas ,,hobbs4 
,well1 said ,mr4 ,hobbs1 he's pervided  
for between us1 if he aint a earl4  ,so 
he is1 said ,dick4 ,i'd ha' stood by    
him4 ,blest if ,i didn't like that      
little feller fust-rate4  ,the very next

 morning1 one of ,dick's customers was  
rather surprised4 ,he was a young lawyer
 just beginning practice4 ,as poor as a 
very young lawyer can possibly be1 but a
 bright1 energetic young fellow1 with   
sharp wit and a good temper4 ,he had a  
shabby office near ,dick's stand1 and   
every morning ,dick blacked his boots   
for him1 and quite often they were not  
exactly water-tight1 but he always had a
 friendly word or a joke for ,dick4     
,that particular morning1 when he put   
his foot on the rest1 he had an         
illustrated paper in his hand--an       
enterprising paper1 with pictures in it 
of conspicuous people and things4 ,he   
had just finished looking it over1 and  
when the last boot was polished1 he     
handed it over to the boy4  ,here's a   
paper for you1 ,dick1 he said2 you can  
look it over when you drop in at        
,delmonico's for your breakfast4        
,picture of an ,english castle in it1   
and an ,english earl's daughter-in-law4 
,fine young woman1 too--lots of         

hair--though she seems to be raising    
rather a row4 ,you ought to become      
familiar with the nobility and gentry1  
,dick4 ,begin on the ,right ,honorable  
the ,earl of ,dorincourt and ,lady      
,fauntleroy4 ,hello6 ,i say1 what's the 
matter8  ,the pictures he spoke of were 
on the front page1 and ,dick was staring
 at one of them with his eyes and mouth 
open1 and his sharp face almost pale    
with excitement4  ,what's to pay1 ,dick8
 said the young man4 ,what has paralyzed
 you8  ,dick really did look as if      
something tremendous had happened4 ,he  
pointed to the picture1 under which was 
written3  ,mother of ,claimant 7,lady   
,fauntleroy74  ,it was the picture of a 
handsome woman1 with large eyes and     
heavy braids of black hair wound around 
her head4  ,her6 said ,dick4 ,my1 ,i    
know her better'n ,i know you6  ,the    
young man began to laugh4  ,where did   
you meet her1 ,dick8 he said4 ,at       
,newport8 ,or when you ran over to      
,paris the last time8  ,dick actually   

forgot to grin4 ,he began to gather his 
brushes and things together1 as if he   
had something to do which would put an  
end to his business for the present4    
,never mind1 he said4 ,i know her6 ,an  
,i've struck work for this mornin'4     
,and in less than five minutes from that
 time he was tearing through the streets
 on his way to ,mr4 ,hobbs and the      
corner store4 ,mr4 ,hobbs could scarcely
 believe the evidence of his senses when
 he looked across the counter and saw   
,dick rush in with the paper in his     
hand4 ,the boy was out of breath with   
running2 so much out of breath1 in fact1
 that he could scarcely speak as he     
threw the paper down on the counter4    
,hello6 exclaimed ,mr4 ,hobbs4 ,hello6  
,what you got there8  ,look at it6      
panted ,dick4 ,look at that woman in the
 picture6 ,that's what you look at6 ,she
 aint no 'ristocrat1 she aint6 with     
withering scorn4 ,she's no lord's wife4 
,you may eat me1 if it aint             
,minna--,minna6 ,i'd know her anywheres1

 an' so'd ,ben4 ,jest ax him4  ,mr4     
,hobbs dropped into his seat4  ,i knowed
 it was a put-up job1 he said4 ,i knowed
 it2 and they done it on account o' him 
bein' a ',merican6  ,done it6 cried     
,dick1 with disgust4 ,she done it1      
that's who done it4 ,she was allers up  
to her tricks2 an' ,i'll tell yer wot   
come to me1 the minnit ,i saw her       
pictur4 ,there was one o' them papers we
 saw had a letter in it that said       
somethin' 'bout her boy1 an' it said he 
had a scar on his chin4 ,put them two   
together--her 'n' that there scar6 ,why1
 that there boy o' hers aint no more a  
lord than ,i am6 ,it's ,ben's boy1--the 
little chap she hit when she let fly    
that plate at me4  ,professor ,dick     
,tipton had always been a sharp boy1 and
 earning his living in the streets of a 
big city had made him still sharper4 ,he
 had learned to keep his eyes open and  
his wits about him1 and it must be      
confessed he enjoyed immensely the      
excitement and impatience of that       

moment4 ,if little ,lord ,fauntleroy    
could only have looked into the store   
that morning1 he would certainly have   
been interested1 even if all the        
discussion and plans had been intended  
to decide the fate of some other boy    
than himself4  ,mr4 ,hobbs was almost   
overwhelmed by his sense of             
responsibility1 and ,dick was all alive 
and full of energy4 ,he began to write a
 letter to ,ben1 and he cut out the     
picture and inclosed it to him1 and ,mr4
 ,hobbs wrote a letter to ,cedric and   
one to the ,earl4 ,they were in the     
midst of this letter-writing when a new 
idea came to ,dick4  ,say1 he said1 the 
feller that give me the paper1 he's a   
lawyer4 ,let's ax him what we'd better  
do4 ,lawyers knows it all4 ,mr4 ,hobbs  
was immensely impressed by this         
suggestion and ,dick's business         
capacity4  ,that's so6 he replied4 ,this
 here calls for lawyers4  ,and leaving  
the store in the care of a substitute1  
he struggled into his coat and marched  

down-town with ,dick1 and the two       
presented themselves with their romantic
 story in ,mr4 ,harrison's office1 much 
to that young man's astonishment4  ,if  
he had not been a very young lawyer1    
with a very enterprising mind and a     
great deal of spare time on his hands1  
he might not have been so readily       
interested in what they had to say1 for 
it all certainly sounded very wild and  
queer2 but he chanced to want something 
to do very much1 and he chanced to know 
,dick1 and ,dick chanced to say his say 
in a very sharp1 telling sort of way4   
,and1 said ,mr4 ,hobbs1 say what your   
time's worth a' hour and look into this 
thing thorough1 and ,i'll pay the       
damage1--,silas ,hobbs1 corner of ,blank
 street1 ,vegetables and ,fancy         
,groceries4  ,well1 said ,mr4 ,harrison1
 it will be a big thing if it turns out 
all right1 and it will be almost as big 
a thing for me as for ,lord ,fauntleroy2
 and at any rate1 no harm can be done by
 investigating4 ,it appears there has   

been some dubiousness about the child4  
,the woman contradicted herself in some 
of her statements about his age1 and    
aroused suspicion4 ,the first persons to
 be written to are ,dick's brother and  
the ,earl of ,dorincourt's family       
lawyer4  ,and actually1 before the sun  
went down1 two letters had been written 
and sent in two different               
directions--one speeding out of ,new    
,york harbor on a mail steamer on its   
way to ,england1 and the other on a     
train carrying letters and passengers   
bound for ,california4 ,and the first   
was addressed to ,t4 ,havisham1 ,esq41  
and the second to ,benjamin ,tipton4    
,and after the store was closed that    
evening1 ,mr4 ,hobbs and ,dick sat in   
the back-room and talked together until 
midnight4  7,to be concluded47          
,illustration  ,,inverted4  ,,by ,,john 
,b4 ,,tabb4       ,bicycles6--,bicycles6
     ,nay2 to shun laughter1     ,try   
cycles first1     ,and buy cycles after2
     ,for surely the buyer     ,deserves

 but the worst1     ,who would buy      
cycles1 failing     ,to try cycles      
first6     ,a ,,lake ,,george ,,capsize4
  ,,by ,,edward ,,eggleston4            
,illustration3 ,a ,,quiet ,,row ,,on    
,,the ,,broad ,,lake4   ,lake ,george   
can be the calmest and loveliest sheet  
of water that ever was shut in by       
mountain walls1 but like all mountain   
lakes it is very fickle4 ,if you have   
never seen it cut up its didos1 you do  
not yet really know our ,lake4 ,in the  
fall1 when the tourists have gone and   
the hotels and cottages are quiet1 ,lake
 ,george now and then gets into a great 
rage and becomes quite sublime4  ,one   
day in the latter part of ,october1     
there came into our bay a trim little   
sloop-rigged sailboat1 with three men   
aboard4 ,they were after the ducks that 
always make ,dunham's ,bay a            
resting-place on their long autumn      
journey to the southward4 ,this little  
yacht1 if ,i may call it one1 had not   
been long in view when there broke upon 

the lake a fierce1 cold1 north wind1    
driving the whitecaps up into the bay   
like a frightened flock of sheep4  ,the 
sailboat could now stand only the       
mainsail1 and even with that it reeled  
and tumbled about fearfully in the hands
 of its unskilled crew1 and two or three
 times it was nearly driven ashore1 for 
the men seemed quite unable to make it  
beat up into the wind4  ,illustration3  
,,charlie ,,brought ,,the ,,bow ,,of    
,,the ,,boat ,,to ,,the ,,man ,,in ,,the
 ,,water ,,and ,,took ,,him ,,aboard4   
7,,see ,,next ,,page47  ,while the gale 
was thus running into the bay1 my young 
friend ,charlie ,fraser1 with a boy's   
love for excitement1 came and asked     
permission to go out in my rowboat1 to  
see what kind of a rough-water boat she 
might be4 ,though ,i knew him to be both
 a good oarsman and a good swimmer1 and 
though the boat had always behaved      
admirably in a sea1 ,i hesitated1 until 
he proposed not to venture beyond       
,joshua's ,rock1 which marks the line   

between the bay and the broad lake1 as  
the people call it at this point4 ,after
 ,i had let him go1 ,i reproached myself
 for trusting a boy of sixteen in a gale
 that was momently increasing in        
violence4 ,but ,charlie did not care to 
risk too near an approach to the broad  
lake2 he soon saw that there was danger 
of swamping even in the bay1 and        
therefore he put about for home4 ,in    
passing the sailboat1 which was laboring
 hard among the rushing1 roaring        
whitecaps1 he had shouted to the young  
men to take in a reef2 but they kept the
 whole mainsail flying1 though they had 
to place all the ballast up to windward 
and then to sit in a row upon the       
windward gunwale of the boat to keep it 
from upsetting4 ,finding that the gale1 
which continued to rise1 would certainly
 upset them in spite of all their       
exertions1 one of them eased off the    
sheet1 while the man at the tiller at   
the same moment brought the boat's head 
into the wind4 ,this left all the weight

 of the ballast and the men on one side1
 with no balancing force of wind in the 
sail1 and the light sloop tipped        
completely over in the direction        
opposite to the one they had feared4    
,the sail lay flat upon the water1 with 
one poor fellow under it1 while another1
 encumbered with a big overcoat1 was    
floundering in the waves2 the third     
succeeded in climbing to the upper side 
of the capsized sloop and sitting       
astride of it4 ,the wild1 frightened    
cries of the young men rose above the   
hissing of wind and the roaring of      
waves1 and ,charlie brought his boat    
around and rowed for them4 ,the waves   
jerked one of his oars from the rowlock1
 but he soon had it in its place1 and   
was pulling as a strong boy can pull    
when cries of drowning men are in his   
ears4  ,help6 quick6 ,i'm going6 ,oh1   
help6 help6 rang in his ears and spurred
 him to do his utmost1 as he headed     
straight for the sailboat1 disregarding 
the waves that broke now and then into  

his own boat4  ,when ,charlie got up to 
the wreck1 he presented the bow of his  
boat first to the man who had emerged   
from under the sail4 ,this young man    
took hold1 then lost his grip and went  
down as the water tossed the boat2 and  
,charlie held on to the seat to keep    
from being pitched after him4 ,then the 
man came up1 gurgling1 sputtering1 and  
getting a new hold on the boat succeeded
 in scrambling in4 ,holding the boat    
into the teeth of the wind1 ,charlie    
then brought the bow to the other man in
 the water1 and so took him aboard4     
,there were now three people and a great
 deal of water in the boat2 and ,charlie
 concluded that it had all it would     
carry1 and that it would be necessary to
 land his two passengers before taking  
the stout young man who maintained an   
uneasy perch on the capsized yacht4     
,shouting some words of encouragement to
 him1 ,charlie started for the shore2   
but the young man on the boat1 benumbed 
by his ducking and the icy wind1 and    

perhaps discouraged at seeing the       
rowboat leave him1 fell off the capsized
 yacht into the water with a cry for    
help4 ,charlie put back just in time to 
grab him as he again let go his hold1   
and began to sink4 ,but the rowboat had 
all it would bear in such a sea1 and    
before taking him aboard1 it was        
necessary to make the others throw      
overboard their wet coats and overcoats4
 ,then the stout young man was pulled in
 over the stern1 and ,charlie soon      
brought the rowboat1 staggering under   
its load of four persons and a great    
weight of water1 safely to dock4 ,a     
little while after1 the three dripping  
duck-hunters were drying by the kitchen 
fire4  ,i was under the sail1 said one  
of them to me1 and if the boat hadn't   
come to our help just when it did1 it   
would have been the end of me4  ,a ,new 
,york gentleman who heard of this affair
 wrote to the office of the ,united     
,states ,life ,saving ,service1 at      
,washington1 asking for the silver medal

 of the ,government for ,charlie        
,fraser4 ,of course there was a great   
deal of formality to be gone through    
with2 affidavits were made by           
eye-witnesses1 and filed away at        
,washington1 and there the matter rested
 for months4 ,meantime ,charlie had no  
recognition of his act except a letter  
from the mother of one of the young men1
 though he had1 ,i suppose1 what was    
better--the consciousness of having done
 his duty manfully in a pinch4 ,one     
administration at ,washington went out1 
and another came in1 and we concluded   
that the medal had been forgotten4 ,but 
one day there came to ,charlie a very   
large official envelope1 in the corner  
of which there was boldly printed       
,treasury ,department4 ,it was also     
marked ,official ,business1 and was     
addressed in big letters and looked very
 impressive4 ,the inside of it seemed   
equally important1 and it read3         
,,mr4 ,,charles ,m4 ,,fraser3           
,,sir3 ,i have the pleasure to transmit 

herewith a silver     life-saving medal 
which has been awarded you under        
authority of     section #g of the ,act 
of ,june #bj1 #ahgd1 section #ab of the 
,act of     ,june #ah1 #ahgh1 and       
section #i of the ,act of ,may #d1      
#ahhb1 in     recognition of your       
courage and humanity in saving three    
persons from drowning ,october #be1     
#ahhd4      ,i have the honor to be1    
very respectfully1                      
,d4 ,,manning1                          
,secretary4  ,and the same day there    
reached him by express the silver medal 
in a neat case4  ,illustration3         
,,obverse4 ,,reverse4     ,a ,,rocky    
,,mountain ,,hermit4  7,concluded47     
,,by ,,alfred ,,terry ,,bacon4   ,one   
evening my quiet hermitage seemed more  
silent than ever before4 ,that small    
dog1 ,gip1 slept soundly on the earthen 
floor1 tired out with a long day's run  
through the park4 ,i had just chased    
away a friendly striped snake that had  
squirmed in through a mouse-hole and    

settled itself comfortably1 wishing to  
make its home with me4 ,the field-mice  
trooped silently about the room in      
dozens1 over the table and under the    
chairs1--but there is no defense against
 them4 ,the other night they had the    
impudence to sit on my pillow and pull  
out my hair for their nests4 ,their     
tameness is shocking to me1 as          
,alexander ,selkirk1 the original       
,robinson ,crusoe1 complained of the    
beasts on his island4  ,illustration3   
,,head ,,of ,,the ,,bison1 ,,or         
,,american ,,buffalo4 ,,see ,,next      
,,page4  ,plotting against the mice1    
without lighting a lamp ,i sat by the   
doorway as the darkness deepened1 for   
the night was too warm and too fine for 
lamp-light4 ,the long midsummer twilight
 faded to a narrow band of gray just    
over the mountain-peak2 and looking out1
 ,i could hear none of the familiar     
sounds of the wilderness--even the      
murmuring pine-woods were hushed in the 
perfectly calm night4 ,but presently a  

soft splashing sound came from the pool 
in the brook behind the house4 ,it      
reminded me that for nearly a year ,i   
had been living within fifty steps of a 
colony of beavers1 and had not yet seen 
a single one of them2 for they are never
 out by daylight and ,i am never out by 
night4  ,the brook which runs through   
the park dwindles to a very small stream
 after the summer heat has melted all   
the snow from the peak2 and there would 
be too little water for the beavers to  
swim in if they had not built a number  
of solid dams across the stream1 making 
as many pretty ponds1 where they and the
 muskrats and the wild ducks lead a     
jolly life together4 ,there is a chain  
of five of these beaver-ponds1 which    
begins quite near the house4 ,often in  
the early morning1 we see places where  
they have been at work all night1       
mending their dams1 cutting down willow 
bushes1 and even felling trees of some  
size with a smooth cut that a skillful  
woodman might be proud of2 but all day  

long there is never a sound of work in  
the silent village4 ,so1 hearing        
something plunging into the pond in the 
late twilight1 ,i stole to the bank and 
looked through an opening in the willow 
thicket4 ,there by the dim light ,i saw 
their round1 dark bodies swimming around
 and around and up and down the pond as 
silently as fishes1 with only a gentle  
splash now and then as they dipped      
beneath the surface4 ,it must have been 
a holiday evening with them1 for they   
were taking a rest from their hard work1
 and it seemed in the darkness as if    
they were only playing together in the  
water4  ,but ,i had only a little time  
to watch them1 for some slight noise or 
the scent of the enemy soon spread an   
alarm1 and in a moment every beaver had 
disappeared from the pond4  ,some years 
ago1 we used to read that all the       
beavers would soon be killed2 for beaver
 fur had long been fashionable1 and the 
price of every skin was very high4 ,it  
is strange that the life and happiness  

of millions of little animals in the    
backwoods of ,america and ,siberia      
should depend on the whims of the grand 
ladies of ,paris and ,london2 but so it 
is4 ,when the beaver fur went out of    
favor1 and the slaughter of the ,alaska 
seals began1 the beavers increased      
wonderfully in all the ,western creeks  
and rivers4 ,but if the ,princess of    
,wales should happen to fancy a garment 
of beaver fur1 woe to the unhappy little
 beavers of the ,rocky ,mountains6      
,thousands of other grand ladies must   
follow the fashion1 and thousands of    
beavers must furnish the fur4  ,in      
riding over the green turf of the open  
country1 one sees everywhere white      
objects which so reflect the strong     
sunshine that they almost dazzle the    
eye4 ,these are the bleaching skulls of 
the buffaloes that used to roam in      
thousands through this region4 ,every   
one has read how1 only fifty years ago1 
millions of buffaloes wandered over     
nearly half of the ,united ,states2 now 

there are no great herds except in the  
,territory of ,montana1 and from that   
territory more than a hundred thousand  
skins have been sent to the ,east in a  
year4 ,for nearly every skin that is    
sent away1 about half a ton of fine meat
 is left to decay on the prairie4 ,it is
 a reckless waste of animal life1 and ,i
 am sorry to say that our government    
does very little to stop it4 ,within ten
 years there will be no more great herds
 of buffaloes in the ,united ,states4   
,small bands of them will linger hidden 
away in valleys1 but by the time some   
boys who read this have lived to be old 
men1 the ,american bison will probably  
be seen only where it is kept as a      
curiosity2 just as the one little band  
of aurochs--the last descendants of the 
wild cattle which used to roam over all 
,europe--is kept by the ,emperor of     
,russia4 ,still1 even now1 at times1    
single buffaloes or small bands of them 
will wander back here to their old      
grazing-grounds4 ,last summer a party of

 hay-makers saw a band of a dozen or    
more in a remote valley behind the peak4
 ,and a few days later1 one of our      
neighbors at the nearest ranch1 beyond  
the mountains1 was sitting in the       
doorway of his snug home one morning1   
after an early breakfast1 when to his   
astonishment1 a great buffalo bull came 
trotting easily along within a hundred  
yards of the door4 ,he would hardly have
 been more surprised had an elephant or 
a rhinoceros happened in for a morning  
call2 for he had never seen a buffalo1  
nor had he ever expected to see one at  
his own ranch4 ,but his surprise left   
him breath enough to shout1 ,a buffalo6 
a buffalo6 ,the house was full of men   
just in from the work of gathering      
beef-cattle for shipment2 and at the    
startling word1 every man seized the    
nearest rifle or pistol or shot-gun1 and
 dashed away to join the chase2 only one
 or two stopping hastily to throw a     
saddle on a horse4 ,as soon as the chase
 began1 the big beast ran swiftly into  

the thicket along the creek1 and was    
able to keep out of sight for some time4
 ,the chase was long and exciting1 but  
the buffalo's pursuers were too many for
 him4 ,some followed up his trail1 while
 others watched the outskirts of the    
thicket2 and at last one of the best    
marksmen among them1 catching sight of  
the big black body1 took a quick line   
aim and brought the buffalo down with a 
single bullet2 so all the inhabitants of
 the ranch were feasted with            
buffalo-meat as long as it could be kept
 from spoiling4 ,but where the great    
herds range1 there is no such excitement
 about killing them4  ,one day a young  
fellow from the ,east was listening     
eagerly with me to the yarns of an old  
buffalo-hunter1 and as the hunter       
finished his story1 the young man said3 
,it must be tremendously exciting sport1
 ,john6  ,well1 ,i'll tell you how it   
is1 said ,john4 ,it's about as exciting 
as if you were to go out into the corral
 and shoot a dozen of those old         

dairy-cows with a pistol4  ,with a swift
 horse1 trained to the business1 and a  
heavy revolver1 a man who can aim truly 
may often ride into a herd of buffaloes1
 overtaking them one by one when they   
are running their hardest1 and1 riding  
close beside them1 can put his bullets  
into the hearts of dozens of them in a  
single day's hunt4 ,that is the reason  
why the bison is the first of all the   
wild animals to disappear at the        
approach of civilized man--it can not   
possibly escape from a swift horseman4  
,illustration3 ,a ,,colony ,,of         
,,beavers4  ,the most abundant game     
animals among the mountains are the     
deer4 ,the white-tailed deer is small   
and much like the antelope in color1 but
 has a far more sleek and handsome coat4
 ,the black-tailed or mule deer is twice
 as large as its white-tailed cousin1   
and wears a quaker-colored coat1 which  
in summer is tinged with brown4         
,sometimes1 on horseback1 ,i have met   
the deer in the mountains without giving

 them any alarm1 and we have stood and  
gazed at one another at our leisure1    
just to satisfy curiosity4 ,but they    
know that a man on foot or carrying a   
rifle is a dangerous creature1 and they 
never stop long to look at him4         
,usually1 even before the hunter catches
 sight of them1 they have seen him4     
,they do not bound away through the     
forest with a jump and a crash2 but1    
even if taken by surprise1 they vanish  
away between the yellow trunks of the   
pines as silently as the shadow of the  
low swooping vulture slides across the  
grass4 ,they dart so noiselessly through
 the dark woods that in the distance    
they seem more like a troop of flying   
spirits than a herd of animals4  ,in    
those parts of the mountains which are  
so rocky and rough that few animals can 
approach them1 and on the high barrens  
where the snow lies late in summer1 the 
beautiful big-horn sheep live           
undisturbed4 ,it is only when they come 
down to the streams for water1 that the 

hunter can have a fair chance of        
shooting them4 ,they are swift and      
handsome animals4 ,their heads are      
crowned with ribbed and curving horns   
larger than those the broad-horned      
,texas cattle carry4 ,their coats are   
not woolly1 but are covered with glossy 
brown hair1 shading off in the lower    
parts to a white as pure as the         
snow-drifts among which they live4      
,there are no animals1 excepting the    
,swiss chamois and other wild goats1    
that can run and jump among jagged rocks
 as they do2 and it is useless for any  
man or beast to try to chase them on the
 mountain-tops4 ,but a few weeks ago1   
before the boys went out to work with   
the cattle1 two of them were searching  
for horses in a canon opening westward  
from the valley1 and ,gip was trotting  
along behind them1 when a turn in the   
trail suddenly showed them a flock of   
wild sheep climbing a steep path up the 
rocky side of the canon4 ,both men took 
quick aim and fired1 and the flock went 

bounding on toward their home among the 
crags1 with one fine young buck lagging 
behind1 his leg broken by a bullet4 ,yet
 no man may hope to overtake a wild     
sheep among the rocks1 even though the  
sheep has but three legs to go on2 so1  
after wounding their fine game1 it      
seemed as if they must lose him4 ,but   
just as they were making up their minds 
to the disappointment1 ,gip took in the 
trouble with one quick glance and ran to
 their aid4 ,he has never been taught to
 hunt1 but he is a very wise dog1 and   
does very well without training4 ,he    
went scrambling up over the rocks ten   
times faster than a man could go1 and   
soon headed off the wounded sheep4 ,now 
,gip is small1 and a wild sheep is very 
large1 and tall like a deer2 and it     
seemed impossible that so little a dog  
could stop it4 ,but the sheep naturally 
lowered its head to bring its horns to  
bear on the dog2 and ,gip1 seeing its   
head within reach1 gave a snap at its   
nose and hung on for dear life1 though  

he was almost lifted from the ground4   
,even a mountain sheep can not be very  
nimble with a broken leg1 and a dog on  
the end of its nose2 so the boys soon   
climbed up after him1 and when near     
enough not to endanger the plucky little
 dog1 they ended the sheep's life with  
another shot4 ,and so1 for many days1   
all the men at the cabin lived on mutton
 finer even than the famous mutton that 
is fattened on the ,english downs4  ,not
 long ago1 old ,frank1 the man who lives
 alone at the ranch on the western side 
of the mountains1 had the good fortune  
to come upon two little wild lambs in   
open ground1 where he could easily      
overtake them2 for they were only a few 
days old4 ,being a lone man and fond of 
pets1 he carried them home in his arms  
and fed them every day with milk1 until 
they became as tame as kittens4 ,when   
they grew to be large sheep1 their      
perfect tameness made them famous       
curiosities even in the ,far ,west2 but 
they were much greater curiosities when 

their owner took them to the ,eastern   
,states1--for ,i doubt if a tame        
big-horn sheep had ever before been seen
 in an ,american city4 ,the great price 
which the rare animals brought well paid
 the man for all his trouble4           
,illustration3 ,,head ,,of ,a ,,mule    
,,deer4  ,any of the grazing and        
browsing animals which live in the ,far 
,west may easily be tamed if they are   
caught young4 ,the antelope and deer are
 not uncommon pets at the frontier      
ranches2 the mountain sheep and elk can 
be tamed as readily1 but it is more     
difficult to catch them4  ,nearly all   
the men on the ranches of ,wyoming are  
engaged in the cattle business2 and they
 are so accustomed to throwing the lasso
 in catching the free cattle and horses1
 that when they come on the young wild  
animals1 they have little trouble in    
roping them4 ,the cow-boys1 when they   
are sociable about the roaring          
hearth-fires in winter1 have many       
curious stories to tell about capturing 

every kind of wild animal with their    
ropes4 ,sometimes when a few of them are
 away together gathering cattle1 they   
will come on a bear1 and1 even if       
unarmed1 it is easy for the boys to     
throw one or two ropes around the bear  
and hold it until some armed man comes  
to finish the work4 ,the only trouble is
 in finding a horse brave enough to run 
near a bear while his rider throws the  
rope4 ,one man1 very skillful with the  
rope1 has told me how he lassoed a      
mountain lion4 ,those great cats are so 
greedy that when they find a carcass1   
they will eat until they are stupid and 
slow in their movements1 like a boa     
constrictor when it is filled with food2
 so1 when this cow-boy found a large old
 lion just finishing its dinner1 he had 
no difficulty in throwing a noose over  
its head and dragging it after his horse
 until another man came up to end its   
life4  ,illustration3 ,,head ,,of       
,,rocky ,,mountain ,,wild ,,sheep4      
,soon this queer1 lonely way of living  

will come to an end for me4 ,often every
 day shall ,i look down the valley1     
hoping to see the white canvas top of   
the prairie-schooner heave in sight on  
the pass leading in from the open       
country4 ,when all the cow-boys have    
finished gathering cattle and come home 
to the peak1 the old cabin will be      
crowded and lively enough4 ,then the    
rest of the summer will be filled with  
hard work in getting together the fat   
beef-steers and driving them a long     
journey to the ,pacific ,railroad1 where
 they will be loaded on trains and      
carried away to feed the beef-eaters of 
,america and ,england4  ,the curlew is  
still whistling under the plum-bushes   
not far away1 so that the dog sometimes 
starts up to see who calls him2 but now 
all the fragrant plum-blossoms have     
fallen away and the small green fruit   
hangs in clusters4 ,midsummer has gone2 
with it came the scorching southeast    
wind which turns the grass to hay and   
kills the flowers like a ,november      

frost4 ,and1 since they are dead1 the   
wilderness is too lonely4 ,while they   
lived1 they were society enough for a   
hermit2 they smiled a sweet good-morning
 at every sunrise1 and filled the       
evening twilight with fragrance which   
carried my thoughts away to an old ,new 
,england home and to happy days spent   
long ago in gathering forest flowers on 
the ,connecticut hills4 ,there has been 
enough of hermit life for one year4 ,it 
has been pleasant2 but the end of it    
will be pleasant1 too4     ,illustration
  ,the ,dangerous ,dog       ,the       
dangerous dog in the drawing-room lay1  
,and snapped at the houseflies that came
 in his way4     ,i'm a dangerous       
canine6 he said     ,beware how you     
trouble a creature of my--     ,but his 
speech was cut short as he happened to  
spy     ,a bumble-bee close to his head6
     ,,george ,,washington4  ,an        
,historical ,biography4  ,,by ,,horace  
,e4 ,,scudder4  ,illustration3          
,,washington',s ,,sword1--,,now ,,in    

,,the ,,library ,,of ,,the ,,state      
,,department ,,at ,,washington4         
,,chapter ,,xxii4  ,,mr4 ,,washington4  
,it was hard for ,washington at first to
 forget that he was no longer           
,commander-in-,chief4 ,he had so long   
been accustomed to wake early1 and at   
once begin to think of the cares of the 
day1 that it was a novel sensation to   
discover that he had no cares beyond    
looking after his estate4 ,it chanced   
that the winter of #aghc-d was a very   
severe one4 ,the roads were blocked with
 snow1 the streams were frozen1 and     
,washington found himself almost a      
prisoner at ,mount ,vernon4 ,he was not 
even able to go to ,fredericksburg to   
see his mother1 until the middle of     
,february4 ,he was not sorry for his    
enforced quiet4 ,it left him leisure to 
look over his papers and enjoy the      
company of his wife and his wife's      
grandchildren1 whom he had adopted as   
his own children4 ,his public papers had
 been put into the hands of ,col4       

,richard ,varick1 in #agha1 and they    
were now returned to him1 arranged and  
classified and copied into volumes1 in a
 manner to delight the methodical soul  
of their author4  ,illustration3 ,a     
,,lamp ,,that ,,once ,,belonged ,,to    
,,washington--,,now ,,in ,,the          
,,national ,,museum4  ,as the spring    
came on1 and the snow and ice melted1   
the roads were again open1 and ,mount   
,vernon was soon busy with its old      
hospitality4 ,washington foresaw that he
 would have plenty of visitors1 but he  
did not mean to let his life be at the  
mercy of everybody1 and he meant to keep
 up his regular habits and his plain    
living4 ,my manner of living is plain1  
he wrote to a friend1 and ,i do not mean
 to be put out of it4 ,a glass of wine  
and a bit of mutton are always ready1   
and such as will be content to partake  
of them are always welcome4 ,those who  
expect more will be disappointed4       
,illustration3 ,,washington',s          
,,treasure ,,chest4  ,the house at      

,mount ,vernon before this time had been
 very much like that in which           
,washington was born2 now he found it   
necessary to enlarge it1 and accordingly
 added an extension at each end1 making 
it substantially as it now appears4 ,he 
was his own architect1 and he drew every
 plan and specification for the workmen 
with his own hand4 ,he amused himself   
also with laying out the grounds about  
his house1 and planting trees1--a great 
pleasure to him4 ,every morning he arose
 early1 and despatched his              
correspondence before breakfast1 which  
was at half-past seven4 ,his horse stood
 ready at the door1 and as soon as      
breakfast was over1 he was in the       
saddle1 visiting the various parts of   
his estate4 ,sometimes he went hunting1 
for he never lost his fondness for the  
chase4 ,he dined at three o'clock1 and  
usually spent the afternoon in the      
library1 sometimes working at his papers
 till nine o'clock2 but when not pressed
 by business1 and when his house was    

full of guests1 he spent the evening    
with them4 ,if he was alone with his    
family1 he read aloud to them2 and very 
often on ,sundays1 when they could not  
go to church1 he sat down and read a    
sermon and prayers4  ,illustration3     
,,washington',s ,,secretary ,,and       
,,book-,,case ,,at ,,mount ,,vernon4    
,guests crowded upon him1 and he was    
especially glad to see his old comrades4
 ,a visit from ,lafayette was the       
occasion of a very gay time1 when ,mount
 ,vernon was full of visitors1 and the  
days were given to sport4  ,washington  
had constant applications from persons  
who wished to write his life or paint   
his portrait4 ,there was a sculptor     
named ,wright who undertook to get a    
model of ,washington's face4 ,wright    
came to ,mount ,vernon1 so ,washington  
tells the story1 with the singular      
request that ,i should permit him to    
take a model of my face1 in plaster of  
,paris1 to which ,i consented with some 
reluctance4 ,he oiled my features1 and  

placing me flat upon my back1 upon a    
cot1 proceeded to daub my face with the 
plaster4 ,whilst ,i was in this         
ludicrous attitude1 ,mrs4 ,washington   
entered the room1 and seeing my face    
thus overspread with the plaster1       
involuntarily exclaimed4 ,her cry       
excited in me a disposition to smile1   
which gave my mouth a slight twist1 or  
compression of the lips1 that is now    
observable in the busts which ,wright   
afterward made4 ,a more successful      
sculptor was ,houdon1 who was           
commissioned by ,virginia to make a     
statue of ,washington4 ,he also took a  
plaster model1 and the fine statue which
 he made stands in ,richmond4 ,a        
portrait painter1 named ,pine1 also paid
 a visit to ,mount ,vernon about this   
time with a letter from one of          
,washington's friends to whom           
,washington wrote during ,pine's visit3 
',in for a penny1 in for a pound1' is an
 old adage4 ,i am so      hackneyed to  
the touches of the painter's pencil1    

that ,i am now      altogether at their 
beck1 and sit1 like 'patience on a      
monument1' whilst they are delineating  
the lines of my face4 ,it      is a     
proof among many others of what habit   
and custom can      effect4 ,at first ,i
 was as impatient at the request1 and as
      restive under the operation as a  
colt is of the saddle4 ,the      next   
time ,i submitted very reluctantly1 but 
with less      flouncing4 ,now no dray  
moves more readily to the thill than ,i 
do to the painter's chair4 ,it may      
easily be conceived1      therefore1    
that ,i yielded a ready obedience to    
your request1      and to the views of  
,mr4 ,pine4  ,washington was a most     
considerate and courteous host4 ,he was 
very fond of young people1 but his      
silent ways and the reputation which he 
enjoyed as a great man made it difficult
 for the young always to be easy in his 
presence4 ,the story is told of his     
coming into a room once1 when dancing   
was going on1 and the sport suddenly    

ceased4 ,washington begged the young    
people to go on1 but they refused until 
he left the room4 ,then1 after they felt
 free again to dance1 he came back and  
peeped through the open door4           
,illustration3 ,,one ,,of ,a ,,set ,,of 
,,fire-,,buckets ,,at ,,mount ,,vernon4 
,he was very apt to affect older people 
in the same way4 ,he was a large man1   
with large hands and feet1 and eyes that
 looked steadily at one4 ,when not      
speaking1 he was very apt to forget     
there were other people in the room1 and
 his lips would move as he talked to    
himself while thinking hard upon some   
matter4 ,but he did not neglect people4 
,one of his visitors tells this story3  
,the first evening ,i spent under the   
wing of his hospitality1 we sat a full  
hour at table1 by ourselves1 without the
 least interruption1 after the family   
had retired4 ,i was extremely oppressed 
with a severe cold and excessive        
coughing1 contracted from the exposure  
of a harsh winter journey4 ,he pressed  

me to use some remedies1 but ,i declined
 doing so4 ,as usual1 after retiring1 my
 coughing increased4 ,when some time had
 elapsed1 the door of my room was gently
 opened and1 on drawing my bed-curtains1
 to my utter astonishment ,i beheld     
,washington himself standing at my      
bed-side1 with a bowl of hot tea in his 
hand4 ,i was mortified and distressed   
beyond expression4  ,illustration3      
,,houdon',s ,,statue ,,of ,,washington4 
,although ,washington had now retired to
 ,mount ,vernon1 and seemed perfectly   
willing to spend the rest of his days as
 a country gentleman1 it was impossible 
for him to do so4 ,the leaders of the   
country needed him1 and he was himself  
too deeply interested in affairs to shut
 his eyes and ears4 ,he was especially  
interested in the ,western country1     
which then meant the ,ohio ,valley and  
the region bordered by the ,great       
,lakes4 ,in the autumn of #aghd1 he made
 a tour beyond the ,alleghanies1 for the
 purpose of looking after the lands     

which he owned there2 but he looked     
about him not only as a land-owner1 but 
as a wise1 far-seeing statesman4  ,it   
was a wild journey to take in those     
days4 ,washington traveled nearly seven 
hundred miles on horseback1 and had to  
carry camping conveniences and many of  
his supplies on pack-horses4 ,he had    
especially in mind to see if there might
 be a way of connecting by a canal the  
water system of ,virginia with the      
,western rivers4 ,after he came back1 he
 wrote a long letter to the ,governor of
 ,virginia1 in which he gave the result 
of his observation and reflection4 ,he  
was not merely considering how a        
profitable enterprise could be          
undertaken1 but he was thinking how     
necessary it was to bind the ,western   
country to the ,eastern in order to     
strengthen the ,union4 ,many people had 
crossed the mountains and were scattered
 in the ,mississippi ,valley4 ,they     
found the ,mississippi ,river a stream  
easy to sail down1 but the ,spaniards   

held the mouth of the river1 and if the 
latter chose to make friends with those 
,western settlers1 they might easily    
estrange them from the ,eastern ,states4
 ,besides this1 ,great ,britain was     
reaching down toward this last territory
 from ,canada4 ,in every way1 it seemed 
to him of importance that good roads and
 good water communication should bind   
the ,east and the ,west together4 ,he   
thought ,virginia was the ,state to do  
this4 ,it extended then far to the      
westward1 and it had great rivers       
flowing to the sea4 ,it was the most    
important ,state in the country1 and it 
was very natural that ,washington should
 look to it to carry out his grand      
ideas2 for the separate ,states had the 
power at that time--,congress was unable
 to do anything4 ,it is interesting to  
see how ,washington1 who thought he     
could go back to ,mount ,vernon and be a
 planter1 was unable to keep his mind   
from working upon a great plan which    
intended the advantage of a vast number 

of people4 ,he was made to care for     
great things1 and he cared for them     
naturally4   ,,chapter ,,xxiii4         
,,called ,,to ,,the ,,helm4  ,while     
,washington was busy planting trees at  
,mount ,vernon and making excursions to 
see his ,western lands1 the country was 
like a vessel which had no captain or   
pilot1 drifting into danger4 ,during the
 ,war for ,independence1 one of the     
greatest difficulties which ,washington 
had to overcome was the unwillingness of
 the several ,states to act together as 
one nation4 ,they called themselves the 
,united ,states of ,america1 but they   
were very loosely united4 ,congress was 
the only body that held them together1  
and ,congress had no power to make the  
,states do what they did not care to do4
 ,so long as they all were fighting for 
independence1 they managed to hold      
together2 but as soon as the war was    
over and the ,states were recognized as 
independent1 it was very hard to get    
them to do anything as one nation4      

,every ,state was looking out for       
itself1 and afraid that the others might
 gain some advantage over it4  ,this    
could not go on forever4 ,they must be  
either wholly independent of one another
 or more closely united4 ,the difficulty
 was more apparent where two ,states    
were neighbors4 ,virginia and           
,massachusetts might manage to live     
apart1 though in that case troubles     
would be sure to arise1 but how could   
,virginia and ,maryland maintain their  
individual independence8 ,the           
,chesapeake and ,potomac seemed to      
belong to one as much as to the other2  
and when foreign vessels came up the    
stream1 was each ,state to have its own 
rules and regulations8 ,no4 ,they must  
treat strangers at any rate in some way 
that would not make each the enemy of   
the other4  ,these two ,states felt this
 so strongly that they appointed a      
commission to consider what could be    
done4 ,washington was a member of the   
commission1 and asked all the gentlemen 

to his house4 ,they not only discussed  
the special subject committed to them1  
but they looked at the whole matter of  
the regulation of commerce in a broad   
way1 and agreed to propose to the two   
,states to appoint other commissioners1 
who should advise with ,congress and ask
 all the ,states of the ,union to send  
delegates to a meeting where they could 
arrange some system by which all the    
,states should act alike in their       
treatment of foreign nations and of each
 other4  ,that was exactly what         
,congress ought to have been able to do1
 but could not1 because nobody paid any 
attention to it4 ,nor did this meeting1 
which was called at ,annapolis in       
,september1 #aghf1 accomplish very much4
 ,only five ,states sent delegates1 and 
these delegates were so carefully       
instructed not to do much1 that it was  
impossible for the convention to settle 
affairs4 ,still1 it was a step forward4 
,it was very clear to the delegates that
 a general convention of all the ,states

 was necessary1 and so they advised     
another meeting at which all the        
thirteen ,states should be represented1 
and the whole subject of the better     
union of the ,states should be          
considered4  ,this meeting1 which was   
the great ,constitutional ,convention of
 #aghg1 was held in ,philadelphia1 and  
to it ,virginia sent ,george ,washington
 as one of her delegates4 ,he was heart 
and soul in favor of the movement4 ,it  
was what he had been urging on all his  
correspondents for a long time4 ,he was 
at first reluctant to go back into      
public life after having so completely  
retired2 but as soon as he saw that it  
was his duty to accept the appointment1 
he set to work to qualify himself for   
taking part in the deliberations of the 
convention4 ,probably no one in ,america
 understood better than he the character
 of ,americans and the special dangers  
through which the country was passing2  
but several1 no doubt1 were better      
informed about the practical working of 

government and about the history of     
other confederations4 ,he had never been
 very much of a reader of books1 but he 
had been a member for many years of the 
,virginia ,house of ,burgesses1 and so  
knew how government was carried on on a 
small scale1 and now he began to read   
diligently and to compare accounts of   
ancient and modern political unions4 ,he
 made abstracts of them1 and1 in fact1  
went to work as if he were at school1 so
 in earnest was he to learn this        
important lesson4  ,on ,may #i1 #aghg1  
,washington set out from ,mount ,vernon 
in his carriage for ,philadelphia4 ,he  
was a famous man and could not go to the
 convention without attracting          
attention4 ,so1 when he reached         
,chester1 in ,pennsylvania1 he was met  
by ,general ,mifflin1 who was then      
,speaker of the ,assembly of            
,pennsylvania1 and by various public    
men1 who escorted him on the way4 ,at   
the ferry across the ,schuylkill1 where 
,gray's ,ferry ,bridge now is1 he was   

met by a company of light horse1 and so 
entered the city4 ,one of his first     
errands was to call on ,benjamin        
,franklin1 who was ,president of        
,pennsylvania1 as the governor was then 
called4 ,no doubt they talked long and  
earnestly about the work before them1   
for they were the two most eminent men  
in the convention4  ,washington was made
 the presiding officer of the           
convention4 ,for four months it met from
 day to day1 engaged in the great work  
of forming the ,constitution under which
 we are now governed4 ,there were many  
long and earnest debates2 and the       
members felt the importance of the work 
upon which they were engaged4 ,at last1 
the ,constitution was formed4 ,it was   
not satisfactory to everybody1 but the  
members all agreed to sign it and       
recommend it to the country for         
adoption4 ,george ,washington1 as       
president of the convention1 was the    
first to set his name down2 and there is
 a tradition that as he took the pen in 

his hand he arose from his seat1        
considered a moment1 and then said3     
,should the ,states reject this         
excellent ,constitution1 the probability
 is that an opportunity will never again
 be offered to cancel another in peace2 
the next will be drawn in blood4        
,washington1 as president of the        
convention1 was directed to draw up a   
letter1 stating what the convention had 
done1 and send it with the ,constitution
 to ,congress4 ,this he did4 ,he was not
 entirely satisfied with the            
,constitution1 as he wrote to ,patrick  
,henry3 ,i wish the ,constitution which 
is offered had been more perfect2 but ,i
 sincerely believe it is the best that  
could be obtained at this time4 ,and1 as
 a constitutional door is opened for    
amendments hereafter1 the adoption of   
it1 under the present circumstances of  
the ,union1 is1 in my opinion1          
desirable4  ,illustration3 ,,crab-,,tree
 ,,staff ,,presented ,,by ,,benj4       
,,franklin ,,to ,,gen4 ,,washington2    

,,now ,,in ,,the ,,state ,,department   
,,library ,,at ,,washington4  ,he said  
at first that he should not say anything
 for or against the ,constitution4 ,if  
it were good1 it would work its way2 if 
bad1 it would recoil on those who drew  
it up4 ,perhaps he thought it was not   
becoming in those who discussed its     
parts and finally signed it1 to do      
anything more than send it out and leave
 the people to do what they would with  
it4 ,but he could not keep silent long4 
,everybody was debating it2 the         
principal members of the convention were
 defending it2 there was danger that it 
would not be adopted1 and soon          
,washington1 in his letters1 was using  
arguments in support of it4 ,there is no
 doubt that his name at the head of the 
paper did a great deal toward inducing  
people to accept it4 ,it was more than a
 year before enough ,states had adopted 
the ,constitution to make it the law of 
the land1 but as time went on1 and it   
was more certain that the new government

 would go into operation1 the question  
arose as to who should be the first     
,president of the ,united ,states4 ,it  
can hardly be called a question2 at any 
rate1 it was answered at once by all4   
,every one named ,washington1 and his   
friends began to write to him as if     
there could be no doubt on this point4  
,the most distinguished advocate of the 
new ,constitution1 ,alexander ,hamilton1
 who had been one of ,washington's aids 
in the war1 wrote to him3  ,i take it   
for granted1 sir1 you have concluded to 
comply with what will1 no doubt1 be the 
general call of your country in relation
 to the new government4 ,you will permit
 me to say that it is indispensable you 
should lend yourself to its first       
operations4 ,it is to little purpose to 
have introduced a system1 if the        
weightiest influence is not given to its
 firm establishment in the outset4      
,illustration3 ,,sugar-,,bowl           
,,belonging ,,to ,a ,,dinner-,,set      
,,presented ,,to ,,martha ,,washington  

,,by ,,general ,,lafayette4  ,washington
 was by no means elated at the prospect4
 ,on the contrary1 he was extremely     
reluctant to be ,president4 ,he was not 
old2 he was fifty-seven years of age    
when the election took place1 but his   
hard life as a soldier had broken his   
constitution1 and the cares and         
anxieties he had undergone had made him 
feel old4 ,at my time of life1 he wrote 
to ,lafayette1 and under my             
circumstances1 the increasing           
infirmities of nature and the growing   
love of retirement do not permit me to  
entertain a wish beyond that of living  
and dying an honest man on my own farm4 
,let those follow the pursuits of       
ambition and fame who have a keener     
relish for them1 or who may have more   
years in store for the enjoyment4 ,he   
was perfectly sincere in saying this4   
,he knew that some people would not     
believe him1 and would assert that he   
was only saying all this to get the     
credit of humility2 but his best friends

 believed him1 and to one of these he   
wrote3 ,if ,i should receive the        
appointment1 and if ,i should be        
prevailed upon to accept it1 the        
acceptance would be attended with more  
diffidence and reluctance than ever ,i  
experienced before in my life4 ,it would
 be1 however1 with a fixed and sole     
determination of lending whatever       
assistance might be in my power to      
promote the public weal1 in hopes that1 
at a convenient and early period1 my    
services might be dispensed with1 and   
that ,i might be permitted once more to 
retire1 to pass an unclouded evening1   
after the stormy day of life1 in the    
bosom of domestic tranquillity4  ,there 
never was any doubt about the people's  
choice4 ,every vote was cast for        
,washington4  7,to be continued47       
,illustration3 ,,bears ,,eating ,,corn3 
,,this ,,was ,,really ,,thoughtful ,,of 
,,farmer ,,jones1 ,,eh8                 
,illustration  ,,toddlekins ,,and       
,,trot4  ,,by ,,anna ,m4 ,,pratt4       

,dear ,toddlekins1 said little ,trot1   
,may ,i talk to you a while8     ,why1  
yeth1 of courthe1 said ,toddlekins1     
,with a bashful little smile4      ,now1
 ,toddlekins1 said little ,trot1        
,if we should meet a bear----     ,good 
graciouth me6 said ,toddlekins1         
,you give me thuch a thcare6      ,if we
 should meet a bear1 said ,trot1        
,would you let me save your life8       
,oh merthy6 ,yeth6 said ,toddlekins1    
,but ,i will not be your wife6          
,illustration  ,,our ,,adventure ,,at   
,,the ,,flume4  ,,by ,w4 ,l4   ,a dark1 
solemn-looking place it was1 and        
although ,fred and ,i were as dauntless 
explorers as ,stanley or ,greely1 our   
courage began to ooze away as we looked 
in at the gloomy flume from which issued
 the cold and sluggish water4 ,we had   
come upon the ruined archway of an old  
mill1 still standing with crumbling     
walls above the slow-moving waters of   
its former busy tail-race4 ,the low1    
dark archway was overhung with birch1   

witch-hazel1 and thimbleberry2 and as we
 peered into its blackness1 suggestions 
of dragons and serpents1 castle-dungeons
 and witches' caverns and monsters' dens
 came into our minds already            
sufficiently full of wild1 boyish       
fancies and strange imaginings4  ,fred  
double dared me to go in1 and ,i was    
foolish enough to think that no boy of  
spirit could refuse a double dare4 ,so1 
cutting weapons from the sapling        
birches1 we stepped into the cold and   
repulsive-looking water4 ,b-r-r-r6--what
 a shiver it gave us6  ,it was late in  
the afternoon4 ,the shadows that lay in 
the deep ravines along the mountain-side
 looked strange and weird2 and as we    
stepped within the gloom of the archway1
 a blue heron1 gaunt and ungainly1 with 
its twisted neck and long1 dangling     
legs1 flew down the creek1 uttering its 
harsh and dismal cry4  ,neither ,fred   
nor ,i was feeling remarkably           
lion-hearted2 the call of the heron had 
brought our hearts almost into our      

mouths2 and just then1 as we stood      
hesitating and peering in1 something    
moved in the darkness beyond us1 and a  
black object that seemed1 as ,fred said1
 as big as an eagle flung itself out of 
the shadows full into our startled      
faces4  ,illustration3 ,,the ,,entrance 
,,to ,,the ,,flume4  ,panic-stricken1 we
 turned to fly4 ,the bottom of the pool 
was slippery1 the roof of the archway   
was low2 ,fred's feet flew up1 my head  
received a sudden bump1 and both of us  
went down in six inches of water4  ,with
 a shriek of terror from each valiant   
explorer thus stricken down by the magic
 spells of the goblin of the den1 we    
scrambled to our feet1 dripping and     
disheartened1 and made for the light2   
and as we did so we caught a glimpse of 
our assailant skimming away in the      
twilight--neither goblin1 witch1 nor    
monster1 but only a harmless and equally
 frightened black bat4     ,illustration
  ,,the ,,crafty ,,crab       ,there    
once was a crafty young ,crab     ,who  

always went round in a cab     ,he      
wished no one to say     ,that he walked
 the wrong way     ,but his coachman the
 secret did blab     ,,morra4  ,,by     
,,susan ,,anna ,,brown4  ,illustration  
,among boys and girls there is a        
constant demand for new games1 and many 
are invented every year1 which are in   
fashion for a few months and then       
disappear altogether4  ,but almost every
 successful game is an adaptation of    
some old amusement that was enjoyed     
centuries ago4 ,tennis1 base-ball1      
marbles1 and many other common sports   
have been played for ages1 in one form  
or another1 while most games of cards   
can be traced back to the sixteenth     
century4  ,many games which seem very   
simple and hardly worthy of the name    
require1 in reality1 considerable skill 
and dexterity4 ,this is especially true 
of the game of ,morra1 which is played  
enthusiastically in ,italy by persons of
 all ages4  ,almost any day1 in walking 
along a ,roman street1 a little group   

may be discovered gathered about a pair 
of ,morra-players4 ,from the noise and  
excitement1 a foreigner would conclude  
that a quarrel of some sort was going   
on2 but if he pause and join the        
company1 he will see that the chief     
actors are all interested in the        
progress of the game1 and that the loud 
screams which the players give at brief 
intervals are nothing more dangerous    
than the simultaneous calling out of    
numbers4 ,he will also see that their   
eyes are fixed too earnestly on each    
other to notice the increasing crowd of 
spectators1 and that both have their    
left hands constantly raised1 and that  
at each shout the right hands are thrown
 violently forward4 ,this is the old1   
old game of ,morra which is referred to 
by ,cicero1 and other writers of his    
day4 ,on many ancient monuments are     
found carvings which represent          
,morra-players4 ,it was played on the   
banks of the ,nile in the time of the   
,pharoahs2 and in spite of its          

simplicity it is still a standard       
amusement around the ,levant4  ,perhaps 
some of the boys and girls on this side 
of the water would like to try it2 but  
,i shall warn them that1 although it    
seems easy enough1 it will require      
considerable practice to become at all  
proficient in it4  ,the two players are 
placed opposite each other1 and         
simultaneously each throws out the right
 hand with some of the fingers extended1
 while the rest are doubled over the    
palm1 at the same instant shouting out  
the sum of the fingers which he guesses 
are extended on his adversary's hand and
 his own4 ,of course1 knowing how many  
he has put up himself1 the only point is
 to guess the number of his adversary   
and instantly add it to his own1 a      
process which requires some practice and
 experience1 as an experiment will soon 
show1 beginners often making amusing    
mistakes2 as1 for instance1 saying ten6 
when they themselves have only one or   
two fingers up1 or four6 when the whole 

hand is extended4  ,if both guess       
correctly1 or incorrectly1 neither makes
 anything1 but if one happens to hit the
 right number when his adversary misses1
 he scores one1 by extending one finger 
on the left hand1 which is held up      
constantly1 that no unfair count may be 
recorded4 ,the game is usually five1 but
 sometimes double morra is played1 the  
score being ten4 ,in this case1 at the  
end of the first five1 the hands are    
brought together with a slap1 to        
indicate that the second half is begun4 
,this slap is also given at the         
completion of an ordinary game4  ,the   
great point is to play as rapidly as    
possible and exactly in unison1 as      
otherwise an opportunity is given for   
unfair advantage4  ,a very old ,latin   
proverb describes an honest man as1     
,trustworthy enough to play ,morra in   
the dark2 and it is a very good         
description1 for one who has no honor   
about trifles can never be trusted in   
graver matters4  ,illustration     ,,the

 ,,kelp-,,gatherers4  ,a ,story of the  
,maine ,coast4  ,,by ,j4 ,t4            
,,trowbridge4   ,,chapter ,,xiii4  ,,on 
,,the ,,old ,,cow',s ,,back4  ,once more
 in the boat's stern with his steering  
paddle1 ,perce ,bucklin gazed eagerly   
over the bobbing heads of the twins1 who
 were rowing1 and reported his          
observations1 as they approached the    
castaway on the back of the ,old ,cow4  
,it's nobody ,i can make out1 he said1  
when near enough to recognize1 as he    
believed1 any person he knew4 ,but that 
isn't a yachting-cap he has on2 it's a  
handkerchief tied around his head4 ,the 
sun on the water dazzles me or ,i ----  
,boys1 he suddenly exclaimed1 it isn't a
 man6 ,it's a boy6  ,and he shouted1    
,hello1 there6  ,the castaway returned  
the hail1 and as the boat came nearer1  
cried out3  ,that you1 ,perce ,bucklin8 
,then ,perce uttered an ejaculation of  
the greatest astonishment3  ,boys1 it's 
,olly ,burdeen6  ,no6 ,jingo6 ,you don't
 say6 exclaimed the twins1 who wouldn't 

believe him until they turned their     
heads and saw for themselves4  ,hullo1  
,olly6 called ,moke4  ,how did you ever 
get there8 asked ,poke4  ,pull1 boys6   
said ,perce impatiently1 as they held   
their oars while looking around4 ,he    
must have been aboard the yacht1--for as
 yet ,olly made no answer4 ,he was in   
fact too much agitated with joy and     
gratitude1 after his long hours of      
suffering in mind and body1 to make any 
coherent explanations4  ,the dory came  
dancing over the waves4  ,where's the   
yacht8 ,perce demanded4  ,i don't know  
anything about any yacht1 answered the  
miserable1 happy ,olly1 stepping down to
 the water's edge to meet his           
deliverers4  ,hasn't the ,susette been  
lost8 ,perce inquired4  ,as he was still
 some little distance away1 and the     
waves were dashing on the rocks1 all    
,olly understood was something about the
 ,susette being lost4  ,it gave him a   
shock1 with which1 however1 came a gleam
 of consolation4 ,mr4 ,hatville1 then1  

had not returned home4  ,i will do ,olly
 the justice to say that he could not   
under any circumstances have rejoiced at
 such a disaster as the wreck of the    
yacht2 yet it was some comfort to think 
that the loss of the watch had not yet  
been discovered4  ,i haven't heard of   
it6 ,olly said in a shaky voice4  ,then 
how in the world did you get where you  
are8 inquired ,perce1 and as ,olly was  
too much overcome by his feelings to    
answer at once1 he continued3 ,we       
concluded you must have been aboard of  
the ,susette4 ,where's the best place to
 take you on8  ,right here1 said ,olly4 
,but ,i've a boat1 too1 around on the   
other side4 ,i'd like to save that4  ,a 
boat6 ,moke exclaimed4 ,then why in the 
name of common sense----  ,why didn't   
you go ashore8 cried ,poke4  ,it leaks1 
and ,i haven't any oars nor anything to 
bail with4 ,it was all ,i could do to   
get over here in it1 without sinking4 ,i
 was on the ,calf's back till the waves 
began to break over it this morning4    

,here a sob caught poor ,olly's voice1  
at the recollection of all he had gone  
through4  ,on the ',calf'6 said ,perce4 
,how did it happen8 ,but never mind     
about that till we get you out of your  
scrape4  ,the dory pulled around the    
,old ,cow1 while ,olly scrambled over   
the back1 picking up on his way the     
second thwart1 which he had used to     
paddle with1 and afterward in making his
 signals of distress4  ,on the seaward  
side was a cleft in the rock1 into which
 he had propelled his dory on the top of
 a wave1 and where1 leaping to the      
ledges1 he had held it by the painter   
while the wave went out4 ,there it was  
still1 jammed high up in the chasm1     
where the buffets of the tide had left  
it4  ,olly alone could never have got it
 out without waiting for the next tide  
to help him2 it was all his companions  
could do to loosen and lift it from     
those rocky jaws4 ,this they did1 after 
effecting a landing on the little islet2
 while ,olly1 who acknowledged himself  

half starved1 ate some of the provisions
 they had brought1 and between mouthfuls
 told his surprising story4  ,one very  
important particular1 however1 he took  
care not to mention1 so that no light   
was thrown upon the mystery of the watch
 which had found its resting-place in   
,perce ,bucklin's pocket4  ,it would be 
hard to say whether this was a          
disappointment or a relief to the       
finder4 ,he had so fully persuaded      
himself that there was some connection  
between the watch picked up on the beach
 and the human being cast on the rock1  
that he could not easily give it up1    
even after discovering who that human   
being was4  ,true1 ,olly was not a very 
probable owner of such a timepiece4 ,yet
 that was not an impossible thing2 at   
any rate1 he might know something about 
it4 ,perce was anxious to solve the     
riddle1 even if it should be at his own 
cost2 for he had no wish1 as ,i have    
said before1 to keep what belonged to   
another4  ,i didn't know you in that    

suit of clothes1 ,olly1 he said1 as they
 were getting the boat out of the       
crevice1 and with that handkerchief on  
your head6 ,i never saw such a change in
 anybody1--did you1 boys8  ,he looks as 
pinched as if the lobsters had been     
nipping him1 said ,moke4  ,and as blue  
about the gills as a turkey-gobbler1    
said ,poke4  ,i lost my hat overboard   
last night1 said ,olly1 ,i tied on my   
handkerchief this morning after ,i got  
tired of waving it4 ,i thought you would
 be more apt to see the board4 ,wasn't  
,i missed8 ,wasn't anybody looking for  
me8  ,no1 ,perce replied4 ,the young    
lady with the nose--the tall one--said  
you went with the yachters4  ,she6      
exclaimed ,olly1 who still had feelings 
left that could be hurt by such evidence
 of ,amy ,canfield's utter indifference 
to him4 ,she knew better than that4     
,mrs4 ,murcher knew better1 said ,perce4
 ,she thought you had gone home to show 
your new suit to the folks4 ,did the    
boarder make you any other present8     

,wasn't that enough8 returned ,olly1    
munching a cold boiled egg4  ,it will do
 for a beginning1 said ,perce4 ,but with
 such a suit as that1 it seems as if you
 ought to have a handsome--watch-chain2 
needn't mind about any watch1 he added  
with a laugh1 intending thus to make a  
jest of his remark if ,olly didn't take 
it in earnest4  ,poor ,olly tried to    
smile with his pinched1 empurpled face2 
at the same time casting down his eyes  
in some alarm1 to see what there was    
about his dress to put such a notion    
into ,perce's head4  ,olly doesn't feel 
like joking1 observed ,moke4  ,neither  
would you1 ,i guess6 exclaimed ,olly1   
glad to change the subject4 ,all night  
on the rocks except when ,i was paddling
 or swimming for my life4 ,no fire1 not 
a mouthful to eat1 not a wink of sleep6 
,i got wet through a second time1       
getting over here from the ',calf1' in a
 sinking boat4 ,i can't tell you how it 
made me feel1 boys1 to see your fire on 
the beach last night1 and again this    

morning6 ,why didn't you see me8 ,i     
tried the handkerchief1 and then the    
board1 but ,i thought you never would   
look6  ,we were too far off1 said ,poke4
  ,we were too busy minding our own     
business1 said ,moke4  ,that reminds me1
 the seaweed is waiting for us1 said    
,poke4 ,hurry up1 boys6  ,perce was the 
last to leave the island2 and he himself
 got wet up to his waist by a wave1 in  
preventing the boat from being dashed   
upon the rocks after the others were    
aboard4  ,he did not care for a little  
salt water himself4 ,but he thought of  
the watch in the pocket of his trousers4
 ,that1 however1 would probably not be  
much hurt by a few additional drops     
after what it had been through already4 
,as far as he was concerned1 the mystery
 had not been cleared up1 at all1 as he 
had expected it would be1 by the rescue 
of the castaway4  ,if ,olly had frankly 
told his entire story1 how gladly would 
,perce have taken the treasure-trove    
from his pocket and held it out to him1 

exclaiming3 ,here is your watch1 boy6   
gladdening his eyes with the sight4 ,but
 as it was1 both were silent on the     
subject which now filled both their     
minds4  ,olly had already learned from  
his companions that their only reasons  
for thinking the yacht had been wrecked1
 was the fact of its not having returned
 the night before1 and the appearance1  
that morning1 of a human form on the    
outlying rock1--excepting always the    
very private reason in ,perce ,bucklin's
 trousers-pocket4  ,mr4 ,hatville was   
then most likely still undrowned2 and   
now that his own life was saved1 ,olly  
began to study how he should shirk the  
responsibility of his guilty            
borrowing1--in his troubled thoughts    
looking every way except the right way1 
and inventing plausible fictions1 where 
nothing would avail like the simple     
truth4 ,he sat in the stern of his      
companions' dory1 leading his own in tow
 by the painter2 dejected and silent1   
and more than once thinking he would    

watch for a chance1 when nobody was     
observing him1 to drop overboard the    
watch-seal and the fragment of chain    
which he still carried in his vest4     
,,chapter ,,xiv4  ,,olly ,,has ,a ,,bad 
,,dream4  ,long before the rescuers and 
the rescued reached the shore with their
 leaky boat in tow1 the excitement among
 ,mrs4 ,murcher's boarders in regard to 
the yacht had been allayed by a         
telegram4 ,the adverse wind of the      
evening before had caused the ,susette  
to put into ,portland2 whence some of   
the party were to return by rail that   
morning4  ,illustration3 ,,the          
,,castaway ,,returned ,,the ,,hail1 ,,as
 ,,the ,,boat ,,came ,,nearer4  ,so said
 the message2 in consequence of which1  
interest in the unknown individual on   
the back of the ,old ,cow languished    
somewhat1 until the arrival of the      
little party on the beach4 ,then it went
 up to the bubbling point again2 and    
there was the liveliest effervescence of
 curiosity to know how ,olly ,burdeen1  

the faithful1 unromantic chore and      
errand boy1 had met with so wonderful an
 adventure4  ,accompanied1 or preceded1 
by those who had gone down to see him   
disembark1 he mounted with slow1        
miserable1 anxious feet the piazza      
steps4  ,there all the other ladies came
 out eagerly to meet him1 and pressed   
around1 marveling and questioning2 and  
,mrs4 ,murcher1 flushed from her        
molding-board1 held up both her doughy  
hands4  ,why1 ,olly6 where have you     
been8 said one4  ,in his new suit of    
clothes6 said another4  ,the first time 
he ever wore them6 exclaimed a third4   
,and one laughed2 the one of all whom   
,olly most dreaded to have see him in   
that plight4  ,it was not an ill-natured
 laugh by any means2 and she would have 
helped it if she could4 ,but ,amy       
,canfield had a merry disposition4 ,and 
,olly after his night of terror and     
fatigue1 still oppressed with a horrible
 anxiety1 humbled1 drooping1 rolling his
 distressed eyes in fear of encountering

 ,mr4 ,hatville's1 with the handkerchief
 still on his head and his new clothes  
torn at the knees1--it must be owned    
that ,olly did look ridiculous4  ,why1  
,amy6 said ,mrs4 ,merriman1 how can you 
laugh8  ,it's so funny6 replied the tall
 brunette2 and ,i'm so glad he is       
rescued1 she added1 discreetly4 ,we all 
were so anxious1 thinking the ,susette  
had gone on the rocks2 and it was only  
our ,olly after all4  ,what has happened
 to you1 ,olly8 cried ,mrs4 ,murcher1   
amazed to the end of her doughy fingers4
  ,i just went out to take a little row1
 last evening1 murmured the forlorn     
,olly4 ,i lost one oar2 it got tangled  
in the kelp1 and a wave wrenched it out 
of my hand4 ,then ,i broke another1 and 
the wind blew me off shore4  ,and you've
 been all night on the ',old ,cow'8 said
 the good landlady4  ,worse than that1  
said ,olly4 ,i was on the ',calf4' ,and 
a part of the time in the water4 ,i     
guess if anybody had been there on the  
',calf's' back in my place--alone--such 

a night6--waiting for the tide to rise  
and cover 'em--,i guess they wouldn't   
have thought it much of a joke6 ,and    
,olly's voice broke4  ,it must have been
 terrible1 ,olly6 ,do forgive my        
laughing6 said ,amy1 relenting4 ,how did
 you get to the ',old ,cow'8  ,olly     
faltered forth more of his wretched     
story1 which was listened to with many  
an expression of surprise and sympathy1 
for he was rather a favorite with ,mrs4 
,murcher and her lady boarders4  ,he had
 wished to go directly home to          
,frog-,end1 and had tried to induce the 
boys to carry him over in the ox-cart4  
,but they were in haste to resume their 
work1 which had been too long           
interrupted already2 and they could not 
see why he should object to returning to
 the boarding-house4  ,after all1 he    
thought to himself1 the dreaded inquiry 
regarding the watch might as well be met
 first as last4  ,the kindness he met   
with made him feel more miserably       
remorseful and apprehensive than ever1  

for he knew that it was lavished upon   
him because his friends were still      
ignorant of what might at any minute now
 come to their knowledge4  ,he was      
really worn out with the long1 fearful  
strain on his mind and strength1 and he 
was quite willing to accept ,mrs4       
,murcher's advice that he should go at  
once to bed and take something hot4     
,the nucleus of the boarding-house was1 
as we have said1 an old farm-house1     
which accounted for its not very sightly
 situation1 there in a hollow of the    
hills4 ,besides the spacious addition1  
the original building remained1 and at  
the end of the upper corridor was the   
old attic1 with two or three steps      
descending to the door4  ,olly's room   
was there1 and there he was soon in bed1
 with ample leisure to think over the   
terrible part of his experience which   
was happily past1 and the part which was
 unhappily to come4  ,he had not        
ventured to ask about the yachting      
party1 lest something concerning the    

watch should come out4 ,but he had      
accidentally overheard some one speak of
 the ,susette having run into ,portland4
 ,everything else was uncertain4 ,but1  
thankful for a reprieve however brief   
from the impending catastrophe1 he ate  
the steaming gruel ,mrs4 ,murcher       
brought him1 sank into a state of       
stupor1 and was soon rehearsing in      
dreams his dire adventures4  ,he was    
having a distressing conversation with a
 dog-fish of enormous size4 ,the monster
 came up out of the sea1 and resting its
 elbow on the ,calf's shoulder1 and its 
face on its hand1--a face and attitude  
grotesquely suggestive of ,mr4          
,hatville1--accused ,olly of having one 
of that gentleman's eyes in his pocket1 
although there were two spectral eyes as
 big as watches in the speaker's head1  
at the moment4 ,the dispute was growing 
frightfully loud1 when ,olly cut it     
short by kicking the dog-fish1 or ,mr4  
,hatville1 or whoever it was1 back into 
the sea1 and immediately woke4          

,,chapter ,,xv4  ,,it ,,was ,,not ,a    
,,dog-,,fish4  ,it is generally a very  
good way to get out of trouble1 to wake1
 and find it a dream4 ,but that did not 
serve ,olly's turn this time4 ,the voice
 was still heard1 louder and louder1 not
 in the sea1 as he had fancied1 but     
behind the door which separated his     
garret from the corridor4  ,i paid two  
hundred and forty dollars for that      
watch1 and fifteen dollars for the      
chain1 let alone the seal1 and ,i want  
to know who has them6  ,it was ,mr4     
,hatville's voice pure and simple1      
without any fishy element about it4 ,at 
the same time a good pair of boots1 such
 as no dog-fish ever wore1 were tramping
 excitedly across the floor4 ,poor ,mrs4
 ,murcher's anxious1 protesting voice   
was heard in reply1 but not loud enough 
for ,olly to make out the words4  ,i    
hung it up when ,i was changing my      
clothes1 and then went off and forgot   
it6 burst forth the male voice again4   
,but ,i supposed it would be safe here4 

,i didn't know you had thieves in your  
house1 ,mrs4 ,murcher6  ,i haven't1 sir6
 unless they are among your own friends1
 the landlady answered1 in a higher key 
than before4 ,i don't believe it is     
stolen4 ,it must be somewhere6  ,of     
course it's somewhere6 the boarder      
retorted--somewhere in some rogue's     
keeping4 ,i'd like to see the fellow who
 dared to lay hands on it--the best     
time-keeper ,i ever saw6 ,stem-winder2  
chronometer movement2 heavy1 fine gold  
case6 ,i had it regulated down to the   
finest point2 it was losing only about a
 second and a half a month4  ,other     
voices here joined in2 the corridor     
appeared to be filling with boarders1   
all excited by the news of ,mr4         
,hatville's loss4  ,no1 said that       
gentleman2 ,i wasn't at all anxious     
about it2 only1 when ,i found we        
couldn't get back last night1 ,i was    
vexed to think it would run down4 ,i    
wouldn't have had that happen for five  
dollars4 ,where's ,olly8 he demanded4   

,he must know something about it4  ,olly
 trembled in his bed4 ,he would have    
preferred just then to take his chances 
with a whole school of dog-fishes1 of   
the largest size1 rather than confront  
the wrathful owner of the watch4  ,i    
don't think he knows anything about it1 
said ,mrs4 ,murcher1 now quite near     
,olly's door4 ,he has been away all     
night2 he has had a terrible time out at
 sea--in the sea--and on the rocks4     
,don't disturb him6 ,he's fast asleep4  
,if he hasn't slept for a week1 and     
can't sleep again for a fortnight1 cried
 ,hatville1 ,i'll have him up and see if
 he knows anything about that watch4    
,let me speak to him6 said ,mrs4        
,murcher4 ,you've no idea how weak and  
tired and worn out he is4 ,i've got him 
into a perspiration1 and now if it is   
checked1 ,i shall expect nothing in the 
world but that he will have a fit of    
sickness1 and may be never get over it4 
,it ought not to check an honest boy's  
perspiration1 to tell what he knows     

about my chronometer1 ,hatville         
muttered1 while ,mrs4 ,murcher1 stepping
 down the two or three stairs that led  
to the old attic1 opened ,olly's door4  
,sh6 she whispered gently1 motioning    
,mr4 ,hatville back4 ,he's so sound     
asleep6 ,it's such a pity to wake him1  
poor boy6 ,but ,i suppose ,i must4      
,oily lay with his back toward her1 with
 his head and face covered by the sheet4
 ,his perspiration hadn't ceased1 by any
 means2 he felt that he was fast        
dissolving in a clammy feeling of abject
 fear4  ,he's in such a beautiful1 dewy1
 childlike1 innocent sleep said the     
motherly ,mrs4 ,murcher1 laying her hand
 softly on his brow4 ,just the thing he 
needs2 better than all the medicine in  
the world6 ,she was tempted to add1 or  
than all the watches6  ,still ,hatville 
did not relent4 ,without strongly       
suspecting ,olly of taking the watch1 he
 was yet determined to pursue his       
investigations1 even if he broke the    
most beautiful1 dewy1 childlike1        

innocent slumber on earth4  ,shake him6 
he said4  ,so ,mrs4 ,murcher shook1     
gently at first1 then more and more     
vigorously1 saying1 ,olly6 ,oliver6     
,olly ,burdeen6 ,oliver ,burdeen6 more  
and more loudly in his ear1 until he    
suddenly sprang up with a muttered cry4 
,stop that boat6 stop that----she's     
running on the ',old ,cow'6 ,oh1        
boys6--where am ,i8  ,and1 appearing to 
recognize ,mrs4 ,murcher's presence for 
the first time1 he rolled up his eyes   
and sank back with a groan on the       
pillow4   ,,chapter ,,xvi4  ,a ,,bad    
,,awaking4  ,he's delirious6 whispered  
the landlady4  ,he's dreaming1 replied  
the boarder4  ,olly6 ,wake up a minute6 
,what's become of my watch8  ,watch8    
repeated ,olly1 still disguising his    
real fears in a well-feigned fictitious 
terror4 ,what watch8 ,i thought ,i was  
in the water again6  ,his voice         
trembled1 though not altogether from    
that more remote cause which he desired 
to impress upon the minds of spectators4

  ,my watch1 which ,i left hanging in   
the case beside my bureau when ,i went  
yachting yesterday1 said ,hatville1 as  
much imposed upon as the sympathizing   
,mrs4 ,murcher herself4 ,what has become
 of it8  ,your watch8 ,olly repeated1   
with a bewildered air1 as if beginning  
dimly to comprehend the question4 ,how  
should ,i know8 ,i've been away4 ,i've  
been wrecked4 ,haven't they told you8   
,you haven't the watch1 have you8       
exclaimed the landlady4  ,his watch8    
,mr4 ,hatville's8 ,of course ,i haven't6
 ,what should ,i have his watch for8    
,the brunt of the inquiry thus met1     
,olly felt that he was acting his part  
very well1 and took courage4 ,then      
somebody in the corridor whispered to   
,mr4 ,hatville1 who immediately asked3  
,what boy was that who came here to the 
house for you last evening8  ,boy8 ,i   
don't know of any boy6 said ,olly4  ,you
 remember1 ,amy2 you showed him         
upstairs1 said ,mrs4 ,merriman4  ,i know
 the one you mean2 one of the ,frog-,end

 boys6 exclaimed ,mrs4 ,murcher4 ,he    
said he and some friends of ,olly's were
 camping on the beach1 and they wanted  
him to join them4 ,it can't be that he  
took it6  ,who showed him upstairs8     
,you1 ,amy8 cried ,hatville4  ,it was a 
moment of fearful suspense to ,olly1 who
 remembered what ,perce had said of     
coming to invite him to their picnic1   
and learning that he had either sailed  
in the yacht or gone home to show his   
new clothes4 ,he stopped breathing to   
hear ,amy's reply1 in clear1 silvery    
tones1 from the farther end of the      
corridor4  ,yes2 ,i showed him up1 and  
pointed out ,olly's room4 ,mrs4 ,murcher
 thought ,olly was there1 trying on his 
new clothes4  ,but he wasn't1 said ,mrs4
 ,murcher4 ,and the boy came downstairs 
again in a very few minutes4  ,where was
 he during those few minutes8 ,mr4      
,hatville demanded4 ,did you watch him1 
,amy8  ,i8 ,no1 indeed6 ,why should ,i  
take the trouble to watch him8 cried    
,miss ,canfield4  ,what was to prevent  

his going into my room1 ,hatville       
inquired1 and taking the watch8         
,nothing that ,i know of4 ,the silvery  
accents faltered4 ,i don't know but ,i  
am to blame1 ,mr4 ,hatville6  ,oh1 no6  
,it wasn't your business to watch       
strangers who gain admission to the     
house1 said ,hatville4  ,but ,i did     
something which ,i see now was very     
indiscreet1 ,amy exclaimed4 ,it was     
growing quite dark in the passage1 and  
,i opened the door of your room to let  
in more light4 ,i knew you were not     
there1 and ,i had no idea your watch    
was4 ,i am very sorry4  ,illustration3  
',,shake ,,him1' ,,said ,,mr4           
,,hatville4  ,you are very frank1       
replied ,hatville4 ,but don't blame     
yourself4 ,of course1 you had no idea of
 putting temptation in the way of a     
rogue4  ,no2 and ,i can't believe he was
 a rogue--such a fine1 honest-looking   
face as he had6 ,amy exclaimed4 ,but ,i 
had no business to open your door4      
,olly overheard this conversation with  

strangely mingled feelings of envy and  
remorse1 of fear and guilt4 ,how        
admirable was ,amy's prompt confession  
of her fault1 and how readily it was    
forgiven6 ,why couldn't he have had a   
little of her courage1 owned his folly1 
and thrown himself upon ,mr4 ,hatville's
 mercy6 ,his implied denial had now cut 
him off from that only noble course2 and
 he saw no way to disentangle the web in
 which he had involved both himself and 
his friend4  ,wasn't it the same boy who
 came here again this morning8 asked    
,mr4 ,merriman4 ,he had discovered ,olly
 on the ',old ,cow1'--though nobody knew
 it was ,olly2 and he came to get oars  
and a spy-glass4  ,yes1 said one of the 
other ladies2 and he came upstairs to   
look from the windows4 ,he might have   
gone into your room then1 ,mr4          
,hatville4  ,but if he had stolen the   
watch the night before1 would he have   
shown his face here again this morning8 
argued the landlady1 who had been too   
much bewildered by what had occurred in 

her house1 to take much part in the     
previous conversation4  ,he might have  
done just that thing1 ,hatville replied1
 in order to brazen it out1 and make a  
show of innocence4 ,but most likely he  
saw the chronometer then1 and1 having   
had time to think about it1 he watched  
for a chance to take it this morning1   
when it was supposed ,i might have been 
lost in the yacht4  ,that seemed very   
probable2 and ,mrs4 ,murcher was obliged
 to admit that there had been no other  
stranger about the place1 to her        
knowledge1 except the messenger who     
brought ,mr4 ,hatville's telegram4 ,he1 
however1 had not got out of his buggy4  
,that same boy is on the beach now1     
gathering seaweed1 said ,mrs4 ,merriman4
 ,at least1 he was there a short time   
ago4  ,that's good news6 cried          
,hatville1 gayly4 ,who'll go with me and
 point him out8 ,we'll interview this   
seaweed-gatherer1 who does a little side
 business in other people's watches6    
,and ,olly could hear his boots         

departing in haste through the corridor 
and descending the stairs4 ,one or two  
ladies went with him to identify the    
supposed culprit2 while others remained 
to discuss this last exciting           
revelation4  ,such a bright1 interesting
 boy6 said one2 ,i shouldn't have       
believed it of him6  ,i thought him a   
young hero6 cried another1 to leave his 
work and start off to the rescue6       
,well6 said a third1 ,i thought so1 too4
 ,he certainly organized the whole      
thing2 and it seems strange to me that  
he should have shown so much zeal to    
save the life1 perhaps1 of the very     
person whose watch he had just taken6   
,you can't tell much from a boy's looks1
 or his actions either1 as to what he   
may do when exposed to temptation1 was  
the rather severe rejoinder of the first
 speaker4  ,not unless you know him     
pretty well1 added one of the others4   
,as we know ,olly1 for instance1        
observed some one else4 ,i actually     
believe ,mr4 ,hatville at first         

suspected he had taken it4  ,absurd6    
,preposterous6 ,nonsense6 chorused all  
together4 ,all which ,olly overheard    
with feelings which can hardly be       
imagined by anybody not actually        
suffering what he suffered then4  ,had  
the lady boarders spoken harshly or     
suspiciously of him1 he might have      
hardened his heart4 ,but their kind     
words made him bitterly regret that he  
had not kept his good reputation by     
frankly owning the fault1 which1 if     
discovered now1 must convict him of     
dishonesty4  ,and to a boy like         
him1--not a bad boy at heart1 by any    
means1 as ,i trust you all              
understand1--it was a terrible thing to 
know that another was accused of        
downright theft1 in consequence of his  
own foolish and cowardly conduct4 ,and  
that one a friend1--a friend1 too1 who  
had just rescued him from danger and    
distress6 ,poor ,olly almost wished he  
had been left to perish2 that he had    
never reached the back of the ,old ,cow1

 or been seen or heard of again4  ,all  
this he kept to himself1 and lay with   
his face turned to the wall1 thinking of
 the probable result of the charge      
against ,perce ,bucklin1 and of         
retribution falling upon himself2 when  
,mrs4 ,murcher came and pulled the      
coverlet carefully over his shoulder1   
and shut the door again gently as she   
went out1 leaving him1 as she supposed1 
to sleep4  ,of course they can't prove  
anything against ,perce1 he tried to    
console himself by thinking2 for he was 
utterly ignorant of the astounding      
evidence that was to free him from the  
last shadow of suspicion1 and fix the   
guilt on his friend4  7,to be           
continued47     ,,the ,,ambitious       
,,kangaroo4       ,they held a great    
meeting a king to select1       ,and the
 kangaroo rose in a dignified way1      
,and said1 ,i'm the one you should      
surely elect1       ,for ,i can out-leap
 every beast here to-day4     ,said the 
eagle1 ,how high can you climb toward   

the sky8       ,said the nightingale1   
,favor us1 please1 with a song6         
,said the hawk1 ,let us measure our     
powers of eye6       ,said the lion1    
,come wrestle1 and prove you are strong6
     ,but the kangaroo said1 ,it would  
surely be best1     ,in our choice of a 
king1 to make leaping the test6         
,,wonders ,,of ,,the ,,alphabet4  ,,by  
,,henry ,,eckford4  ,,seventh ,,paper4  
,great was the surprise of scholars1    
both ,hindoo and ,european1 when certain
 students of old languages claimed that 
the letters of the ,sanskrit1 the       
classical language of ,india1 were      
originally derived from an alphabet1    
akin to the ,phoenician1 used by a great
 branch of the great race of peoples who
 are called ,shemites1 or ,semites1     
after one of the sons of ,noah4 7,the   
,jews1 ,arabs1 ,philistines1 ,hittites1 
,phoenicians1 and ,aramaeans are        
,semites47 ,those students believe that 
the wonderful peninsula of ,india1      
which1 as far back as traditions go1 has

 been crowded with men of various colors
 and different tongues1 received a      
,semitic alphabet under two forms by two
 different roads1 and perhaps at periods
 far apart4 ,they believe that there was
 a land road and a sea road4 ,they trace
 one alphabet by land1 through ,bactria 
and ,cashmere1 from one fierce and      
intelligent nation to another2 and they 
believe that they have traced a second  
alphabet from ,arabia to ,india by way  
of the ,red ,sea4 ,the nation that      
carried the latter alphabet is supposed 
to have been the ,sabaeans1 an ancient  
people of ,arabia1 who were once as     
powerful in the ,southern seas as the   
,phoenicians1 their kindred1 were in the
 ,mediterranean4  ,perhaps the word     
,sanskrit means nothing to you1 but it  
is the name of an important old         
,oriental language4 ,sanskrit stands in 
very much the same relation to many     
,eastern languages as ,latin does to the
 languages of ,italy1 ,spain1 and       
,france4 ,in the last century1 ,william 

,jones1 a ,welshman of marked genius1   
went1 like many young ,britons1 to      
,india to advance his fortunes under the
 ,british mercantile government of that 
land4 ,it was he who first called the   
attention of ,europe to ,sanskrit4      
,since his day much of its poetry and   
legends has been read1 many of its      
fables and dramatic works have been     
translated4 ,the word ,sanskrit means   
polished and perfected2 and polished and
 perfected its alphabet certainly is4   
,it is the most complete and most       
carefully devised alphabet of all those 
that we know4 ,sanskrit writing is very 
solid and handsome in appearance1--a    
stately script worthy of holding the    
decrees which mighty monarchs issued    
from courts magnificent with all the    
splendors of the ,orient4 ,there are not
 twenty-two letters as in the           
,phoenician alphabet1 nor twenty-six as 
in ours--there are forty-seven6 ,instead
 of beginning with ,a1 the ,sanskrit    
alphabet begins with ,k4 ,why8 ,because 

,k is a letter spoken from the throat4  
,indian grammarians carefully noted in  
what parts of the throat and mouth the  
different sounds of their language were 
made1 and1 for convenience1 they        
systematized their ample alphabet on    
this admirable plan4 ,they put their    
fourteen vowels by themselves as broad1 
open sounds which were shorter or       
longer2 and1 taking the consonants1 they
 placed first on the list those which   
are spoken from the throat1 then those  
spoken from the palate1 then those      
spoken from the roof of the mouth       
nearest the brain1 then those spoken    
from the teeth1 and finally those spoken
 from the lips4 ,the list of consonants 
starts with those uttered low down in   
the throat and ends with those uttered  
from the lips2 added to these are the   
soft and flowing consonants called      
semi-vowels--,y1 ,r1 ,l1 and ,v2 and    
after these come the sibilants1 or      
hissed letters1 and the letter          
,h1--forty-seven in all4  ,the ,indian  

grammarians who devised this complete   
and scientific system must have had ears
 almost as sharp as those of the boy in 
the old story who was said to be able to
 hear the grass growing4 ,they          
distinguished between a number of       
consonants containing a sound of        
,n1--between twangs very slightly       
differing in sound2 and they placed them
 also in the order of their utterance1  
beginning with an ,n uttered from the   
throat and ending with one spoken with  
the tongue close to the lips4 ,our      
language has two or three different ,n  
sounds1 but our alphabet does not       
distinguish them4 ,the ,french language 
also has several ,n sounds not indicated
 by the alphabet1 so that one can not   
hope to speak ,french intelligibly1     
still less accurately1 without practice 
with teachers who can render the        
different ,n sounds4 ,the ,spanish      
alphabet tries to indicate a second ,n  
by putting a mark over the ,n--thus1 ,n4
 ,then1 too1 we have three sounds for   

which our alphabet has but one letter1  
,s2 while the ,sanskrit alphabet has    
three letters1 one for each sound of ,s4
 ,in the alphabet1 as in many other     
matters1 the more enlightened nations of
 ,india put to shame the most advanced  
nations of the ,western ,world4  ,did   
you ever notice how1 in our script1 or  
written characters1 for the sake of     
clearness and to keep some letters      
distinct from others1 we have gradually 
come to write some of them with tall    
heads above the upper line1 or with long
 tails below the lower line8 ,and still 
we are constantly mistaking an l for a  
badly crossed t1 and a g for a j or a y2
 while some letters that do not go above
 or below the line1 such as m1 n1 i1 w1 
u1 and r1 are constantly confounded in  
rapid writing4 ,we are so used to this  
confusion that we seldom think of it1   
and we fail to wonder why some          
arrangement is not generally agreed to1 
which would do away with it4 ,by        
remembering this fact1 you will avoid   

the mistake of thinking because our     
alphabet1 written or printed1 is so     
good1 that it could not be better4      
,there is great room for improvement in 
both departments2 in the printed form1  
the difference between n and u1 for     
instance1 is none too great2 while in   
writing hardly one person in ten        
thousand distinguishes them from each   
other1--which letter is meant must be   
guessed by the reader4 ,but the men and 
women who set up type and correct proofs
 are much bothered by these defects in  
our alphabet4  ,the difficulty of having
 changes made in existing alphabets is  
very great1 yet this is not necessarily 
a disadvantage4 ,much insight into the  
origin and gradual improvements of sets 
of letters has been gained by studying  
the order in which the several letters  
stand4 ,the order varies greatly in     
different nations1 and varies slightly  
at different epochs in the same nation4 
,in taking the ,phoenician letters1 the 
,greeks dropped some1 used others for   

slightly different sounds1 and added a  
few to express sounds that were         
important to them or that did not exist 
in the ,phoenician4 ,but this was done  
very gradually4 ,it never has been easy 
to induce people to change and improve  
their alphabets4  ,but there is another 
reason why men have refused to change   
the order of letters by inserting a new 
and useful letter in the place where it 
naturally belonged4 ,the ,greeks and    
many other peoples used the letters of  
the alphabet for numerals4 ,we use our  
own numbers without stopping to think   
whence they came4 ,the cumbersome system
 used by the ,romans1 and called after  
them1 consisted of strokes              
7,i-,,ii-,,iii-,,iiii7 to indicate the  
four fingers1 and two strokes joined    
7,v7 to represent the hand1 or five     
fingers4 ,ten was a picture of two      
hands1 or two ,v's 7,x74 ,among the     
,etruscans the half of one1 or1 as we   
put it1 #a_/b was 1 which we think stood
 for a forefinger crooked in order to   

denote the half of one finger4 ,but when
 the ,etruscans and ,greeks worked at   
the higher mathematics or attempted hard
 sums in arithmetic1 they are much more 
likely to have used letters1 in order to
 avoid the clumsiness of these numerals2
 in other words1 they used what looked  
like a kind of algebra4 ,we know that   
they tried to simplify the ,roman       
numerals at ,rome by making four and    
nine with three strokes instead of four1
 by placing an ,i before the ,v and an  
,i before the ,x 7,,iv and ,,ix74  ,our 
use of the numerals which we call       
,arabic is comparatively recent1 and it 
is believed that the ,arabs got these   
numbers from ,india several centuries   
after the ,koran was written1 or about  
eight hundred years after ,christ4 ,but 
the fact that the ,greeks and others    
used the letters of their alphabets for 
numerals1 caused the order in which they
 were written to remain fixed4 ,if alpha
 stood for #a1 beta for #b1 gamma for   
#c1 delta for #d1 and so on up to ten1  

then a newly coined or newly adopted    
letter could not be inserted without    
great confusion2 it had to be tacked on 
to the end of the alphabet4 ,so1 when   
scholars find in inscriptions letters1  
adopted from another alphabet1 which    
stand out of their natural order1 they  
can make a shrewd guess at the century  
in which the inscription was made4      
,suppose an alphabet1 which is also used
 for numerals1 loses a letter in the    
course of time1 because there is very   
little or no use for it2 then that      
letter is still of service for a        
numeral1 and it can not be dropped as a 
number1 though it drops out as a letter4
 ,when it is found still employed as a  
numeral1 it reveals some of the history 
of the alphabet to which it once        
belonged4 ,these are only a few of many 
methods of determining the age of a     
given inscription4 ,old coins are very  
useful in settling what the alphabets of
 various nations were at different      
epochs4  ,our own numerals are extremely

 convenient for ordinary arithmetic4    
,algebra1 in which letters stand for    
numbers1 is useful for abstract         
reasoning in mathematics2 it treats of  
the properties of numbers in general4   
,whether the ,indian numerals were      
originally part of some ancient         
alphabet1 or a series of shortened signs
 originally somewhat like the ,roman    
numerals that we still use1 is not      
really decided4  ,there was a curious   
fashion among certain grammarians and   
mathematicians of ,old ,india which may 
be mentioned here4 ,they liked to       
increase their own importance by making 
knowledge hard to attain2 as it imposed 
on their pupils1 and even more on the   
outside world4 ,they also wished to     
exercise the memories of their pupils1  
and keep them mindful of certain numbers
 and dates by means of memorizing words4
 ,in works on arithmetic and prosody1   
they deliberately wrote out long words  
which meant nothing if looked at as     
parts of a sentence1 but stood for so   

many numbers if the reader had the clew4
 ,if such a grammarian wished to write  
the number twelve by this method1 he    
would write down moon1 eyes2 because    
there is one moon and two eyes4 ,if he  
wished to signify the number #adhf1 he  
would write moon1 seas1 mountains1      
seasons2 because in ,india people       
believed that in the world there were   
one moon1 four seas1 and eight mountain 
chains1 and six seasons during the year4
 ,so ingenious were they in hiding plain
 things under an artificial system6 ,the
 priestly rulers of ,egypt1 also moved  
by pride and the desire to seem learned1
 began at a remote period to make the   
hieroglyphics as hard as possible to    
understand4 ,for a given word they would
 always choose as little known and      
seldom used a character as they could   
think of4 ,and doubtless this did render
 them objects of greater reverence in   
the eyes of pupils and of common folk4  
,but to return to the numbers that we   
call ,arabic and the ,arabs call        

,indian4 ,the numbers used by the       
peoples of ,india who wrote in ,sanskrit
 were very like the figures #a1 #b1 #c1 
#d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 and #j1 that we 
use to-day4 ,even closer resemblances   
will be found if one goes back to the   
earliest forms of our numerals2 for1    
during the last thousand years1 our     
numbers have undergone some slight      
changes4 ,we took them1 as you have     
heard1 from the ,arabs1 who did not     
employ them much before #hjj ,a4 ,d42   
and the use of them did not penetrate   
into ,europe by way of ,italy and ,spain
 until four centuries later4 ,together  
with these numerals1 the ,arabs learned 
from ,india how to do sums by algebra4  
,for algebra1 though an ,arabic word1 is
 a science of which the ,arabs were     
ignorant before they reached ,india4    
,how long the ,indians of ,hindostan had
 used this system of notation along with
 their alphabet1 we can not yet         
determine2 but it is quite possible that
 the old grammarians who improved the   

,sanskrit were enabled to fashion its   
alphabet into so scientific an order of 
groups because this separate system of  
numerals existed at even a more remote  
period1 and had been found handier than 
the signs of the alphabet4 ,not using   
their letters as numerals1 they could   
marshal them on the best system they    
were able to devise1 as we1 too1 have   
been able to do with our alphabet ever  
since we got the ,indian numerals from  
the ,arabs4  ,it may be said that the   
invention of these numerals and of      
algebra for the higher mathematics      
stamps the old ,hindoos as one of the   
most wonderful races of the world4  7,to
 be concluded47     ,illustration3      
,,this ,,seat ,,reserved4     ,,the     
,,brownies ,,at ,,lawn-,,tennis4  ,,by  
,,palmer ,,cox4       ,one evening as   
the woods grew dark1     ,the ,brownies 
wandered through a park1     ,and soon a
 building1 quaint and small1            
,appeared to draw the gaze of all4      
,said one3 ,this place contains1 no     

doubt1     ,the tools of workmen        
hereabout1     ,who trim the vine1 and  
shape the tree1     ,or smooth the      
walks1 as chance may be4     ,another   
said3 ,you're quite astray1     ,the    
workmen's tools are miles away2         
,within this building may be found      
,the fixtures for the tennis ground4    
,a meadow near1 both long and wide1     
,for half the year is set aside1        
,and marked with many a square and      
court1     ,for those who love the royal
 sport4     ,on afternoons assembled    
there1     ,the active men and maidens  
fair     ,keep up the game until the day
     ,has faded into evening gray4      
,and then the racket1 net1 and ball     
,are stowed away for future call4       
,illustration      ,in other lands than 
those we tread1     ,i played the game1 
another said1     ,and proved my skill  
and muscle stout1     ,as 'server' and  
as 'striker-out4'     ,and all the rules
 can quote as well     ,as those who    
print them out to sell2     ,the lock   

that hangs before us there     ,bears   
witness to the keeper's care1     ,and  
tramps or burglars might go by1     ,if 
such a sign should meet the eye4        
,but we1 who laugh at locks or law      
,designed to keep mankind in awe1       
,may praise the keeper's cautious mind1 
,but all the same an entrance find1     
,and for the present evening claim      
,whate'er is needed for the game4       
,ere long1 the path that lay between    
,the building and the meadow green1     
,was crowded with the bustling throng1  
,all bearing implements along2     ,some
 lugging stakes or racket sets1     ,and
 others buried up in nets     ,until    
their feet alone they showed            
,beneath their loose and trailing load4 
,to set the posts and mark the ground   
,the proper size and shape around1      
,with service-line and line of base1    
,and courts1 both left and right1 in    
place1     ,was work that caused but    
slight delay2     ,and soon the sport   
was under way4     ,and then a strange  

and stirring scene     ,was pictured out
 upon the green4  ,illustration         
,some watched the game and noted well   
,where this or that one would excel4    
,and shouts and calls that filled the   
air     ,proved even-handed playing     
there4     ,with anxious looks some kept
 the score1     ,and shouted 'vantage6  
game all6 or     ,to some love1 forty6  
deuce6 to more2     ,but when deuce set6
 the scorer cried1     ,applause would  
ring on every side4      ,at times so   
hot the contest grew1     ,established  
laws aside they threw1     ,and in the  
game where four should stand1     ,at   
least a dozen took a hand4     ,some    
tangled in the netting lay     ,and some
 from base-lines strayed away4     ,some
 hit the ball when out of place     ,or 
scrambled through unlawful space4       
,but still no game was forced to halt   
,because of this or greater fault4      
,and there they sported on the lawn     
,until the ruddy streaks of dawn        
,gave warning that the day was near1    

,and ,brownies all must disappear4      
,illustration     ,a                    
,,matter-,,of-,,fact ,,cinderella4  ,,by
 ,,mrs4 ,,annie ,a4 ,,preston4   ,oh6   
what a fine carriage1 and what handsome 
horses6 ,they are as gay as the coach   
and horses of ,cinderella6 and the      
bright-faced little girl1 with a glory  
of spring sunshine illuminating her     
glossy hair1 clasped her bare brown     
hands in delight4  ,it dashed by so     
quickly1 ,i had not time to notice it1  
replied ,grandma ,eaton1 looking over   
her glasses down the turf-striped       
country road after the rapidly departing
 carriage4 ,i wonder whose it can be8   
,there6 it has stopped4 ,what is that   
for1 ,ella1 child8  ,i don't know1      
,grandma1 dear2 but ,i think something  
about the harness has given way4 ,see6  
the horses are dancing and prancing4    
,the gentleman has jumped from the      
carriage4 ,he has taken something from  
his pocket4 ,it looks like a knife4 ,oh1
 yes6  ,i had good eyes once1 but they  

have served their day1 sighed ,grandma  
,eaton4  ,the horses are quiet1 now1    
went on ,ella1 who had not once taken   
her observant eyes from a spectacle so  
unusual for that quiet neighborhood4    
,now the strap is mended1 ,i think1 and 
everything is all right1 added the child
 with a little sigh of regret2 and as   
the gentleman drove swiftly on1 she left
 the window and skipped out to the edge 
of the road1 to see the fine horses     
prance away4  ,i guessed rightly1       
,grandma1 dear6 cried ,ella as she came 
running back from the scene of the      
accident4 ,it was a broken strap1 for   
here is a piece1 almost torn in two1    
that was cut off4 ,and here is a penny  
,i found right under it2 a bright1 new  
penny--as yellow as gold6  ,this is no  
penny1 said the woman1 taking the       
shining coin in her own hand and looking
 at it closely2 it is an eagle4 ,i know 
an eagle when ,i see one1 although ,i   
have not had one of my own for many a   
day4  ,ten mills make one cent1 ten     

cents make one dime1 ten dimes make one 
dollar1 ten dollars make one eagle6 ,a  
golden eagle6 ,oh1 how much good it will
 do us6 exclaimed the little girl as she
 glanced at her grandmother's thin shawl
 and at the scant belongings of their   
humble home4  ,we are not to think of   
that1 said ,grandma ,eaton1 speaking so 
decidedly that a flush overspread her   
thin1 worn face4 ,the coin belongs to   
the gentleman who just dropped it2 and  
,i do not doubt that a way will be      
opened for it to be returned to its     
owner4 ,those who seek to do right      
seldom lack opportunity4 ,cinderella's  
horses and carriage pass this way too   
seldom to escape notice1 and probably   
some of our neighbors will be able to   
tell us to whom they belong4  ,but all  
the men in the quiet1 out-of-the-way    
neighborhood had been at town-meeting   
that afternoon1 and none of the women   
folk1 excepting ,grandma ,eaton and     
little ,ella1 had seen the fine sight4  
,they would have remembered it almost as

 the figment of a dream1 had it not been
 for the bright ten-dollar gold piece   
laid away in cotton in ,grandma ,eaton's
 best china tea-pot1 on the top shelf of
 the parlor cupboard4  ,on the very next
 ,monday morning after this episode1    
that same glossy-haired1 blue-eyed      
,ella1 with grandma's thin shawl pinned 
about her shoulders1 made one of a bevy 
of girls who1 with arms full of books1  
slates1 and lunch-baskets1 were drawing 
near a plain little brown school-house1 
standing in the shade of a tall1 plumy  
pine-tree on a sandy hillside that was  
supposed to be exactly in the center of 
the ,pine ,meadow school-district4  ,oh1
 there's a fire in the school-house6    
cried ,lizzie ,barber2 and ,i'm glad1   
for my fingers are cold4 ,i was in such 
a hurry ,i forgot my mittens4  ,we don't
 often find a fire made on the first day
 of school1 said ,abby ,wood1 because   
the committee-man has to go for the     
teacher4  ,he must have kindled it      
before he started away1 said ,ella1     

because it has been burning some time4  
,i can tell by the thinness of the      
smoke4  ,that is just like you1 ,ella   
,eaton1 put in ,angelina ,brown4 ,you're
 always pretending to know things by    
what you see that no one else would ever
 think about4 ,can't you be obliging    
enough to look through the walls and    
tell us who is there8 ,perhaps school   
has begun4  ,i have no way of telling   
that1 laughed ,ella1 good-naturedly2    
but1 no doubt some of the boys are there
 to make first choice of the seats4     
,the boys must have climbed in at one of
 the windows1 whispered ,ella4 ,let us  
serenade them to let them know we are   
here4  ,and she began one of their      
familiar school songs in a clear1       
ringing voice1 her companions at once   
joining in with the melody4  ,by this   
time they had crossed the waste of sand1
 and were at the school-house door2 but1
 on trying to enter1 they were surprised
 to find the stout hasp and padlock as  
secure as it had been through all the   

long vacation4  ,immediately heavy      
footsteps were heard hurriedly crossing 
the school-room1 one of the small       
windows was thrown up with a bang1 and a
 stout1 rough-looking1 tangled-haired1  
shabby fellow scrambled out in great    
haste4 ,he cast his eyes sharply about1 
made a rush at the group of affrighted  
little girls huddled together upon the  
broad door-stone1 grabbed ,ella's       
lunch-basket with one hand1 and         
,angelina's dinner-pail with the other1 
cleared the low rail fence near by at a 
running jump1 and was lost to sight in  
the woodland at the end of the field4   
,as the ruffianly tramp ran in one      
direction1 the little girls1 dropping   
all their wraps and traps1 and seizing  
hold of hands1 ran almost as fast in the
 other4  ,how far they might have gone1 
had they not been turned about by       
meeting the committee-man and the pretty
 young lady teacher1 it would be hard to
 say4  ,the girls were sure a grim1     
weather-beaten tramp would be found     

under every desk1 and two or three in   
the wood closet1 and they could not be  
persuaded to enter the school until a   
thorough search had been made4  ,it was 
not so bad as that2 but what they did   
find was a broken window1 a fragment of 
bread1 the teacher's chair split into   
kindlings and nearly burned1 and a large
 bundle of expensive silks and laces4   
,the intruder had apparently either     
fallen asleep by the fire and overslept 
himself1 or1 not supposing that school  
was to begin so early in the season1 had
 intended to make the secluded building 
his hiding-place for the day4  ,there   
was a burglary committed at ,willinotic 
night before last1 said ,mr4 ,stiles1   
the committee-man1 and ,i fancy these   
are a part of the spoils4 ,a large      
reward is offered for the detection and 
identification of the robbers2 so1      
girls1 it will be to your advantage to  
remember how that fellow looked4  ,i    
shall never forget him1 said ,lizzie2 he
 was the tallest man ,i ever saw4  ,abby

 was sure he was short4 ,angelina       
fancied he was lame2 and ,ella          
remembered he had a bent nose4 ,they all
 agreed that he was fierce and horrid1  
and were equally sure they should know  
him if they should ever see him again4  
,illustration3 ,,the ,,gold ,,piece     
,,was ,,laid ,,away ,,in ,,grandma      
,,eaton',s ,,best ,,china ,,tea-,,pot4  
,the affair made a great local          
excitement2 and when the goods were     
identified as belonging to the great    
,willinotic dry goods firm of ,clark    
,rogers1 the girls who had enjoyed such 
an experience with a real burglar were  
the envy of all the boys in the         
community4  ,but time sped on1 the      
nine-days' excitement had become but a  
memory in the dull routine of school    
duties1 and ,june had arrived with its  
roses1 when one day word came from      
,clark  ,rogers1 asking ,mr4 ,stiles1   
the committee-man1 to bring the little  
girls who had encountered the burglar1  
to ,willinotic1 to see if they could    

pick him out of a number of men who had 
been arrested while undermining a       
railway culvert some days before3 ,there
 is a tall one1 and a short one1 a lame 
one1 and one with a bent nose1 the      
letter said2 so it seems that there is a
 great deal of material upon which the  
little women may exercise their         
memories4  ,i am so glad my mother sent 
to ,new ,york for my gypsy hat1 said    
,angelina4 ,my mother finished my blue  
dress last night1 said ,lizzie2 and     
while ,abby was telling what she        
expected to wear1 ,ella ran on ahead1   
fearing that she might be questioned    
upon the same subject1 for she knew very
 well that nothing new1 pretty1 or fresh
 would fall to her lot4 ,a thought of   
the gold eagle did cross her mind2 but  
she bravely put it away from her4  ,and 
neither could the dear old grandmother  
help thinking of the gold piece when she
 heard that ,ella had been summoned to  
,willinotic2 but she1 too1 resolutely   
conquered the temptation1 saying to     

herself3  ,my grandchild shows her good 
breeding in her gentle manners and      
speech1 and they are better than fine   
clothes4  ,the day at ,willinotic was a 
unique experience for the bevy of little
 country girls4 ,they enjoyed the hour's
 ride on the railway and the fine sights
 in the handsome streets of the large   
town2 but the grand1 white-marble       
court-house1 where they were taken1     
filled most of them with a vague alarm4 
,the sultry summer air drew cool and    
fresh through the long corridors1 and   
they almost shivered as they were given 
seats in a lofty room1 from which the   
glaring sun was studiously excluded4    
,through the half-open doorway they     
caught glimpses of the grave1           
gold-spectacled judge at his high desk2 
the black-coated lawyers seated at their
 long table in front2 the witness-stand 
with its railing2 and a pale-faced      
prisoner sitting beside an officer4     
,there is going to be a thunder-shower1 
said ,angelina1 and ,i know ,i shall be 

frightened to death4  ,let's all take   
hold of hands1 said ,abby ,wood4 ,i     
never felt so lonesome in all my life4  
,i'm going back to the depot for fear we
 shall be left4  ,i'll go with you1 said
 ,lizzie4 ,i don't remember anything    
about the old tramp1 only that he was   
short--and ,i wish ,i hadn't come4      
,why1 ,lizzie ,barber1 cried ,angelina1 
you have always said he was the tallest 
man you ever saw6 ,how ,mr4 ,stiles will
 laugh6  ,well1 ,i shan't stay to be    
laughed at6 half sobbed ,lizzie4 ,come1 
,ella4  ,we must not leave this room1   
where ,mr4 ,stiles told us to stay until
 he came for us1 said ,ella1 so         
resolutely that her companions sat down 
again1 although ,abby whispered to      
,angelina3  ,the idea of our minding a  
little girl like ,ella1 just as if she  
were the school-teacher herself6        
,happily1 ,mr4 ,stiles appeared in time 
to prevent another outbreak1 saying3    
,come1 ,angelina4 ,you may as well go in
 first4  ,oh1 dear6 sighed ,angelina4 ,i

 wish ,mother had come6 ,and she was led
 away into the great court-room4  ,one  
by one ,mr4 ,stiles came for the girls1 
until ,ella was left alone4 ,she curled 
herself up like a kitten in one of the  
large arm-chairs1 and silently took in  
her unaccustomed surroundings with keen 
enjoyment4  ,come1 ,ella1 said ,mr4     
,stiles kindly4 ,and she followed him   
slowly into the court-room1 hearing some
 one whisper lightly as she passed3  ,so
 there is another one4 ,i wonder if her 
testimony will carry as much weight as  
that of her mates4 ,it was foolish to   
expect such children1 and girls too1 to 
identify any one4  ,as ,ella cast a     
slow1 thoughtful look about the room1   
her blue eyes suddenly dilated1 and1    
leaving ,mr4 ,stiles's side1 she walked 
straight up to one of the lawyers1 who  
regarded her curiously1 when1 dropping a
 quaint little courtesy that her        
grandmother had taught her1 she said    
modestly3  ,excuse me1 sir1--perhaps ,i 
ought not to tell you here1 but perhaps 

,i may not see you again1--and ,i found 
your gold eagle4  ,what did you say8    
asked the gentleman kindly4 ,how do you 
happen to know me1 little girl8 ,and    
what was that about a gold eagle8  ,i do
 not know you1 sir2 but ,grandma says   
one may speak to a stranger on business4
 ,i saw you that day--,freeman's        
meeting-day1 it was1 you know--when you 
drove through ,north ,damesfield1 and a 
strap in your harness broke4 ,when you  
took out your knife to mend it1 you     
dropped a gold eagle1 and ,i picked it  
up4 ,grandma has it at home in her china
 tea-pot1 and will be ever so glad ,i   
saw you1 for ten dollars is a great deal
 of money to have in the house--when it 
is not your own4  ,it was a funny little
 episode to happen in the crowded       
court-room1 and the lawyers all turned  
to listen2 and the grave judge1 from his
 high seat1 looked kindly down upon the 
little girl1 while a smiled tugged at   
the corners of his mouth and hinted of  
granddaughters at home4  ,how do you    

know it was ,i who lost the money8 asked
 ,mr4 ,gorden1 with twinkling eyes4     
,illustration  ,why1 ,i saw you1 sir1   
and ,i could not help knowing you again4
  ,how was it1 ,mr4 ,gorden8 asked the  
judge1 as if this diversion was not     
altogether unwelcome2 and the lawyer    
replied3  ,i did drive through ,north   
,damesfield1 on ,freeman's meeting-day1 
by the old turnpike1 to avoid the mud by
 the river road4 ,the harness did break1
 and ,i feared for a time that ,i might 
have trouble with my horses2 ,i had     
purchased them only two days before4 ,i 
did make a new hole in the strap with my
 pocket-knife1 and ,i surely on that day
 lost a ten-dollar gold piece4 ,i       
thought1 however1 that it was stolen    
from me at the miserable little tavern  
where ,i had spent the previous night4  
,i am so glad to find myself mistaken1  
that ,i gladly give the gold piece to my
 little friend here1 who1 it seems to   
me1 has a better claim to it than ,i    
have4  ,oh1 sir1 ,i thank you1 but1     

indeed1 ,i do not think ,grandma would  
let me take it1 because1 really1 it     
doesn't belong to me at all4  ,it does1 
if ,i choose to give it to you1 my      
child1 said the gentleman1 smoothing her
 glossy curls4 ,and now1 do you think   
you will be so sure of the fellow who   
gave you such a sorry fright1 and stole 
your dinner1 as you were of me8  ,oh1   
yes1 sir6 ,if he is here1 ,i shall know 
him4 ,i saw him plainly4 ,and1 turning  
about as she was told1 she faced the    
half dozen prisoners1 with a little     
shiver4 ,that is the one1 she said at   
once2 the one with his hands in his     
pockets4 ,his nose is bent just a little
 to one side1 you see4 ,and1 oh6 sir6 if
 you look at the thumb on his right hand
 you will see that the end has been cut 
off2 and that the nail grows sharp and  
long1 like a claw4 ,i saw it when he    
snatched my lunch-basket1 but ,i have   
never thought of it since4 ,i seemed to 
see it again when ,i saw his face4      
,that is an interesting little point1   

showing the association of ideas1 said  
one of the lawyers in a low tone to     
another2 and the prisoner whom the      
little girl designated was ordered to   
take his hands from his pockets4 ,he    
refused doggedly at first2 but1 seeing  
that it was of no use for him to resist1
 he withdrew them1 and1 holding up his  
peculiar thumb in a defiant way1 he     
muttered3  ,the girl saw my thumb when  
she came in1 and spoke about it because 
she wants to get the reward4  ,the      
prisoner kept his hands in his pockets  
ever since he entered the court-room1   
said the sheriff4  ,not continually1 ,i 
think1 said one of the lawyers2 and ,mr4
 ,gorden suggested3  ,it may be well to 
put this child's memory to another test4
 ,and1 turning to ,ella1 he asked       
kindly1 ,are you often in ,willinotic1  
little girl8  ,i was never here until   
to-day1 sir1 she answered4  ,do you     
think you would know my horses if you   
saw them on the street8 inquired ,mr4   
,gorden4  ,yes1 sir1 said ,ella1 ,i am  

sure ,i should know them anywhere4  ,she
 will have her match this time1 ,i      
fancy1 said one of the lawyers to       
another in a low voice2 of course she is
 not prepared for the variety of teams  
to be seen on our main street4  ,a great
 deal of curiosity was felt in regard to
 this third test of the womanly little  
girl's memory1 and the court took a     
recess1 lawyers1 judge1 ,mr4 ,stiles1   
and all the school-girls going to the   
deep balcony of the court-house4  ,ella 
seemed simply unconscious that the eyes 
of the whole party centered upon her as 
she leaned against the railing1 holding 
her hat in her hand1 while the wind     
lifted her curls and brought the color  
back to her pale cheeks4  ,there were1  
indeed1 many fine carriages and horses4 
,ella was closely observant1 but not    
confused4 ,she did not appear to notice 
one team more than another until ten    
minutes had passed2 then the color went 
out of her cheeks again1 her eyes opened
 wide1 and she exclaimed3  ,there they  

come1 sir6 up the street--the gray with 
a sorrel mate4 ,it is a different       
carriage1 but the very same lap robe4   
,you had it spread over a white fur one 
when ,i saw you4  ,very true1 said ,mr4 
,gorden4 ,your three tests of memory are
 unimpeachable2 and now1 will you be so 
kind as to tell us how it happens that  
your memory is so much more retentive   
than that of most children of your age8 
,i suppose1 sir1 said ,ella1 as the     
others gathered about to listen1 it is  
because my father used to teach me that 
it was rude and useless to stare long at
 any person or anything4 ,he said ,i    
must train my eye to see everything at a
 glance1 and we used to amuse ourselves 
by looking at pictures in that way4 ,it 
is just like a game2 and one can play at
 it all alone1 too4 ,i have kept it up  
because ,i live alone with my grandma   
out on the old turnpike1 and ,i seldom  
have any one to play with4 ,i only had  
one good look at you1 sir1 but ,i saw   
your black eyes1 your gray mustache1 and

 the look in your face that can be stern
 or can be very kind4  ,at this1 ,squire
 ,gorden's brother lawyers all laughed  
in concert and the grave judge smiled1  
for they all were familiar with the look
 which the little girl had so artlessly 
described4  ,the thief confessed his    
crime later4  ,i noticed how that       
blue-eyed girl looked at me that morning
 at the school-house1 he said1 and ,i   
felt1 somehow1 as though she would know 
me if she ever saw me again4  ,the      
burglar was sent to prison2 and ,ella   
not only was given the gold eagle she   
had found1 but she also received the    
reward for identifying the thief4 ,and  
she won so many warm and helpful friends
 that day at the court-house that her   
grandmother used often to say3 ,that was
 really a ,cinderella coach and pair to 
you1 dear4 ,and you are a matter-of-fact
 ,cinderella yourself1 though you have  
no fairy godmother1 such as she had4    
,but ,i have you1 dear ,grandma1 said   
,ella1 and you're worth a dozen fairy   

godmothers4 ,so ,i'm luckier than the   
other ,cinderella1 after all6           
,illustration  ,a ,t-party       ,she   
,twirled upon her ,tip-,toes light1     
,tossed back her ,tangled ,tresses      
bright1     ,and cried ,i'm ,truly      
,tired of play1     ,i'll have a        
,tea-party ,to-day6     ,she set ,the   
,table 'neath a ,tree1     ,with        
,tempting ,tarts1                 and   
,toast1                       and ,tea4 
,ten ,tiny cups upon ,the ,tray1        
,ten plates           and spoons in     
,trim array1     ,ten ,twinkling ,tapers
       ,thin and ,tall1     ,and ,then  
,the feast was ready all4     ,the      
,thrushes ,trilled and ,twittered sweet1
     ,the ,turf was ,tender 'neath her  
feet4   ,her ,tidy cap with lace was    
rimmed                       ,her       
,tasteful gown was ,tucked and ,trimmed 
,now here am ,i and here's ,the ,treat6 
she cried ,but who is ,there            
,to eat8   ,i'm very ,thirsty for my    
,tea1 ,i ,think ,i'll be ,the company4  

,and sipping now and ,tasting ,then     
,she ate and drank for all ,the ,ten6   
,,work ,,and ,,play ,,for ,,young       
,,folk4--,,xvi4  ,,venetian ,,marquetry2
 ,,or1 ,a ,,perfect ,,imitation ,,of    
,,inlaid ,,wood-,,work4  ,,by ,,charles 
,g4 ,,leland4   ,there are few persons  
who have not admired marquetry1 or the  
sort of mosaic work made by sawing out  
pieces of wood of different colors and  
fitting them into one another4 ,this is 
effected in three ways4 ,the first is by
 simply sawing out squares1 diamonds1   
crosses1 or any pattern of which all the
 pieces are alike and can be fitted     
together4 ,the designing of these is a  
very interesting exercise4 ,i may       
briefly say that it can be done by      
drawing cross lines at equal distances1 
like those of a chess-board1 and tracing
 similarly-sized pieces from them4 ,the 
,arabs and ,moors excelled in such      
designing and work4  ,illustration3     
,,design ,,for ,a ,,pattern ,,in ,,one  
,,color4  ,the second kind of marquetry 

is made with a fret1 or jig1 or scroll  
saw4 ,one of these may be had for a few 
cents1 but a good equipment for the work
 costs from fifty cents up to any price1
 according to the scale on which the    
pupil wishes to work4 ,any hardware     
dealer will procure a complete outfit1  
and there are now so many books of      
instruction and of patterns for the     
work1 that it is hardly necessary for me
 to explain it more in detail4 ,in a few
 words1 it consists in taking two pieces
 of very thin board1 of different       
colors1 fastening the two together1     
drawing a pattern on a piece of paper1  
gumming it on to one surface1 and then  
sawing the two out4 ,of course1 if it be
 neatly done1 one piece will fit into   
the other4 ,thus1 if one be black and   
the other white1 the black pattern will 
fit into the white ground1 and the white
 pattern into the black ground4  ,the   
third kind of marquetry is made with    
veneers1 which are sheets of wood almost
 as thin as paper1 and as the process of

 making it is rather difficult for      
amateurs1 ,i shall not describe it here4
  ,but there is a fourth1 and far easier
 process1 called ,venetian ,marquetry1  
which has never1 to my knowledge1 been  
fully noticed in print2 though it is so 
obvious a method that ,i dare say many  
have used it4 ,much of the old marquetry
 was made of white wood stained with    
dyes4 ,venetian ,marquetry is a very    
perfect imitation of this1 not to be    
distinguished from the sawed-out        
patterns4 ,it is made as follows3  ,take
 a thin panel1 or board1 of holly or any
 other nice white or light-yellow wood4 
,pine may be used when no other can be  
had1 though it is1 from its softness1   
the worst for the purpose4 ,draw a      
pattern on it4 ,this may be done by     
tracing4 ,then with a knife-wheel1 mark 
out in the wood the entire outline of   
your pattern1 cutting in to the depth of
 at least one tenth of an inch4 7,a     
knife-wheel is like a pattern-wheel2    
that is1 it is a little disk1 or flat   

wheel1 not larger than a three-cent     
piece1 set in a handle2 but the edge of 
a pattern-wheel is like the rowel of a  
spur1 in sharp points1 while that of the
 knife-wheel1 or cutting-wheel1 is thin 
and sharp4 ,it must be very strongly    
made47  ,use the utmost care in marking 
out your pattern with the wheel4 ,if    
there are corners too sharp to turn with
 the wheel1 mark them with a thin       
penknife4 ,in fact1 if you can not      
obtain a wheel1 the whole may be done   
with a penknife4 ,the wheel simply makes
 a more even1 continuous line1 and is   
more convenient to use4 ,when the       
partial division of the pieces is       
effected1 paint the pattern with the    
dyes made for wood4 ,care should be     
taken to apply these very thinly indeed1
 in small quantity1 to let them dry     
thoroughly1 and then to renew them4     
,illustration3 ,,an ,,easy ,,pattern4   
,warping may be prevented by carefully  
dampening the back of the panel1 by     
screwing down the wood1 or by keeping it

 pressed down by a weight while drying4 
,perhaps the best way in most cases is  
to fasten strips across the back4       
,great pains must be taken to prevent   
the dyes from spreading beyond the      
outlines4 ,the only difference between  
this ,venetian work and sawed-out       
inlaying lies in this1 that the pieces  
of wood are not quite cut through4 ,that
 is all4 ,if they were1 it would be real
 inlaid marquetry4 ,as dyes were very   
extensively used to color much of the   
finest old work1 it will be admitted    
that the chief difference between this  
method and that in which all the pieces 
are fret-sawn1 is that this is by far   
the easier4 ,fret-sawing of two or three
 veneers is1 for a young amateur1 much  
more difficult than marking out and     
dyeing a pattern4 ,and it is a very     
important consideration that this       
beautiful art or method may be employed 
where a variety of woods and tools are  
not available4 ,there are few places    
where two or three cheap dyes for wood1 

a piece of white wood1 and a thin       
penknife can not be obtained4 ,thus1    
even common ink thinned with water will 
make a slate-colored dye1 while several 
coats will stain wood jet-black4 7,when 
the dyed surface is very dry1 rub it off
 carefully with soft paper1 renew the   
ink1 let it dry1 rub off the surface    
again1 and then oil it47 ,umber in      
coffee will make a brown dye4 ,but best 
of all are the dyes sold for the        
purpose4  ,the channels1 or fine lines  
cut by the knife1 may be carefully      
closed with any kind of filler4 ,a good 
one may be made by very thoroughly      
mixing fine varnish and flour1 or by    
rubbing up size with umber or any other 
coloring matter4  ,a great defect in    
much of the old marquetry was the same  
fault that the ,englishman found in the 
autumnal landscape in ,america1 when he 
said1 ,it is very pretty1 to be sure1   
but don't you think it's a trifle gaudy8
 ,the old artists in wood used as many  
colors as they could get together2 and  

amateurs and beginners greatly incline  
to this4 ,but an artist in decorative   
work can produce the best and most      
vigorous effects with few colors and    
large easy patterns4  ,illustration3    
,,an ,,easy ,,design ,,for ,a ,,border4 
,very good work may be made by cutting  
away the wood here and there1 and       
introducing substances which can not be 
imitated1 such as ivory or              
tortoise-shell1 metal1 jet1 or          
mother-of-pearl4 ,simple round1 diamond1
 or square figures give to the whole an 
appearance of inlaying4  ,venetian1 or  
solid1 marquetry may be applied with the
 aid of stencils1 to large surfaces1    
such as the panels of doors1 and dados4 
,there are few arts1 indeed1 in which so
 good effects can be produced with so   
little labor and at so little expense as
 this4 ,even those who are unable to    
design or draw can1 with a little       
thought1 arrange simple patterns in     
attractive groups4 ,leaves and fruit1   
even without shading1 are easily        

represented4  ,illustration3 ,,design   
,,for ,a ,,box-,,lid ,,or ,,panel4  ,it 
is not difficult to learn to engrave1 or
 run lines1 on wood4 ,any one can learn 
to do it after a few days' practice4 ,it
 is done with a small triangular-pointed
 tool1 such as is used by               
wood-engravers4 ,these gravers1 of the  
best quality1 cost fifty cents each4    
,the lines of leaves and flowers1 and a 
hundred other details1 look best in     
marquetry when they are executed in this
 manner4 ,i have just been examining a  
piece of marquetry two hundred and fifty
 years old4 ,the inlaying is the best of
 the work1 and most of it is done in    
lines so as to give it the appearance of
 a colored engraving4  ,the work1 when  
finished1 may be rubbed down and oiled  
and polished4 ,or it can be varnished4  
,mastic varnish is best for this        
purpose1 but it is the most difficult of
 all kinds to apply evenly4  ,there is  
still another kind of inlaying which is 
not included in the foregoing paper4 ,to

 make it1 take a board of hard1 wood1   
well seasoned1 and lay on it a coat of  
thick varnish4 ,take the sawed-out      
pieces1 which should be of the thinnest 
tortoise-shell1 ivory or wood1 and      
dispose them on the board4 ,when the    
first varnish is dry1 lay on1 for a     
ground1 varnish very much thickened with
 flour or color4 ,when this is dry1     
repeat it2 and so on1 until the ground  
thus made is as high as the pattern4    
,when inlaying is done with pieces of   
stone1 it is called mosaic4 ,it will be 
observed that in making solid marquetry1
 all the difficulty is limited to       
marking out a pattern on a smooth piece 
of hard white wood1 and then tracing it 
carefully with the point of a penknife  
or with a cutting-wheel4 ,the whole work
 is not much harder than cutting out a  
picture with the point of a penknife4   
,the dye is more apt to spread evenly   
if1 in applying it1 you first give the  
surface a thin wash of water4  ,it      
should be remembered that where two     

lines are run together in parallels1 as 
for instance1 in long stems1 the wood   
lying between is very apt to break off4 
,this can only be prevented by using the
 point of a thin penknife-blade or a    
very small wheel1 with very great care4 
,for some work a wheel the third of an  
inch diameter should be used4 ,in cases 
where the design is very delicate1 the  
line need be merely scratched into the  
wood4 ,any indenting which will restrain
 the flow of the dyes1 and indicate a   
distinct outline is sufficient4 ,great  
attention should be paid to this4 ,do   
not expect to make a perfect piece of   
marquetry at a first effort4            
,illustration3 ,a ,,suggestion ,,for    
,,the ,,decoration ,,of ,a ,,chest ,,in 
,,venetian ,,marquetry4  ,there is a    
piece of ,venetian marquetry in the     
,south ,kensington ,museum1 ,london1    
which was presented by the last ,doge of
 ,venice to ,sir ,richard ,worsely4 ,it 
last came from ,apeldoorcombe1 in the   
,isle of ,wight4 ,it is at present the  

property of ,sir ,thomas ,winter4 ,the  
,court ,journal said of it1 that even   
,her ,majesty the ,queen has not so fine
 a piece of furniture in all ,windsor   
,castle4 ,its date is #afjb4 ,my        
attention was directed to it by a       
,london merchant who deals solely in    
marquetry4 ,and by this the reader may  
learn that ,venetian marquetry is really
 capable of producing great artistic    
results4  ,illustration3 ,a ,,border    
,,or ,,panel4     ,illustration         
,oh where are you going my dear little  
maid8     ,to the school o' fine        
arts--if you please1 she said     ,to   
learn how to paint on china and glass   
,on velvet and satin1 silk1 linen and   
brass     ,on wood1 tin and canvas1 on  
matting and zinc     ,slate1 marble and 
tiles1 and leather ,i think4     ,i have
 already painted a screen and three     
plaques     ,a whole set of dishes and  
two little racks     ,a stand for       
umbrellas--     ,a lovely one too--     
,with a ground of sienna--     ,and     

bands of light blue4     ,and cat tails1
 a dozen1 so straight and erect         
,growing up all around with artistic    
effect     ,there are other things too--
     ,which ,i can't stop to tell1      
,but ,i think for six lessons     ,i've 
done very well4     ,illustration3      
,,miss ,,mamie ,,sez ,,dese ,,are       
',,highly ,,cullud4'--,i',d ,,like ,,to 
,,know ,,ef ,,dey',,re ,,any ,,mo'      
,,highly ,,cullud ,,dan ,i ,,am6        
,illustration  ,a ,lesson in ,geography 
,by ,m4 ,b4 ,jordan       ,a ,lesson in 
,geography1     ,with all the ,states to
 bound6     ,my boys grew sober in a    
trice1     ,and shook their heads and   
frowned1--     ,and this was in the     
nursery1     ,where only smiles are     
found4      ,then suddenly up jumped    
,boy ,blue1--     ,youngest of all is   
he1--     ,and stood erect beside my    
chair4     ,mamma1 he said1 bound me6   
,and all the other lads looked up       
,with faces full of glee4      ,i       
gravely touched his curly head2         

,north1 by a little pate     ,that's    
'mixed' in 'mental 'rithmetic1'     ,and
 'can't get fractions straight4'        
,that never knows what time it is1      
,nor where are books or slate4          
,south1 by two feet--two restless feet  
,that never tire of play1     ,but never
 fail to gladly run     7,even on a     
holiday7     ,on others' errands        
willingly1     ,in most obliging way4   
,east1 by a pocket stuffed and crammed  
,with1 oh so many things6     ,with tops
 and toys and bits of wood1     ,and    
pennies1 knives1 and strings1     ,and  
by a little fist that lacks     ,the    
glow that water brings4      ,west by   
the same2 and well explored     ,the    
pocket by the fist4     ,the capital1   
two rosy lips     ,all ready to be      
kissed4     ,and1--darling1 now ,i've   
bounded you2     ,the class may be      
dismissed4     ,,hurly-,,burly4  7,a    
,nonsense ,rhyme47  ,,by ,,emma         
,,mortimer ,,white4       ,when the     
,mother ,goose cow jumped over the moon1

       ,and the little dog laughed to   
see1     ,the horse hurrahed and tossed 
up his hat1       ,and whistled an air1 
did he4     ,the camel danced the       
,highland fling1       ,and the elephant
 put on skates1     ,while the cat went 
into the butcher trade       ,and       
charged the highest rates4     ,the     
mackerel rode a circus colt2       ,the 
whale leaped over the trees2     ,while 
the catfish rode on a bicycle1          
,that ran itself with ease4     ,the    
tiger went to bed in his boots2         
,the lion shot at a mark2     ,the eagle
 banged his hair in front1       ,and   
offered himself to a park4     ,the     
horned owl laughed till he almost cried1
       ,then cried till his eyes were   
dim2     ,but the wisest of all was a   
wise old hen       ,who taught herself  
to swim4  ,illustration                 
,illustration                           
,,jack-,,in-,,the-,,pulpit4   ,well1 my 
hearers1 how do ,i find you this time8  
,getting ready for school1 do you say8  

,ah1 of course6 ,your ,jack knows all   
about it4 ,the season will soon begin at
 the little red school-house1 and it    
will be a joy to see the bright         
procession that will go marching by my  
meadow every morning1 the girls chatting
 and humming in the cheeriest way1 and  
the boys all whistling gayly--whether   
just for the fun of it or to keep up    
their courage1 ,i'll not attempt to say4
 ,and the dear ,little                  
,school-ma'am--bless her6--she'll be in 
a perfect glow of delight6  ,it seems to
 me that the very walls of the          
school-houses ought to throb with pride 
over the wise young heads and the clear1
 happy voices that will soon make them  
echo with sounds of busy work and play4 
,and so success to you all1 my dears1   
throughout the whole term6   ,,poor     
,,lark6  ,it's no longer ,up with the   
,lark1 ,i hear1 for that oft-praised    
bird gets up1 it seems1 altogether too  
late4 ,an enthusiastic naturalist has   
amused himself by investigating the     

question at what hour in summer the     
commonest small birds wake up and sing4 
,he says3--,the greenfinch is the       
earliest riser1 as it pipes as early as 
half-past one in the morning4 ,at about 
half-past two the blackcap begins1 and  
the quail apparently wakes up half an   
hour later4 ,it is nearly four o'clock1 
and the sun is well above the horizon   
before the real songster appears in the 
person of the blackbird4 ,he is heard   
half an hour before the thrush1 and the 
chirp of the robin begins about the same
 length of time before that of the wren4
 ,finally the house sparrow and the     
tom-tit occupy the last place on the    
list4 ,this investigation has altogether
 ruined the lark's reputation for early 
rising4 ,that celebrated bird is quite a
 sluggard1 as it does not rise till long
 after chaffinches1 linnets1 and a      
number of hedgerow birds have been up   
and about for some time4  ,but hold6    
,there's such a thing as overdoing a    
good habit4 ,some of these birds seem to

 have lost their reckoning4 ,there's the
 greenfinch1 for instance--the idea of  
getting up at the ridiculous hour of    
half-past one in the morning6 ,if he    
keeps on1 he'll soon have to begin each 
day on the day before6 ,no1 no6 ,such   
early risers as he are not to be        
imitated4 ,so we may have to go back to 
the lark after all4 ,or there's the     
tom-tit4 ,he's a contented1 sensible    
little fellow1 and gets up at just the  
right time1 ,i should say4 ,yes1 let it 
be ,up with the tom-tit6 ,what say you1 
my dears8   ,,those ,,mocking-,,birds   
,,again4                                
,,travis ,,county1 ,,texas4       ,,dear
 ,,jack3 ,i have been long acquainted   
with you and ,,st4      ,,nicholas4 ,i  
live about two miles from ,austin1 the  
capital city      of ,texas4 ,birds of  
all kinds found in ,texas may be seen   
about      the place at proper seasons4 
,mocking-birds build their nests in     
the trees within a few yards1 or steps1 
of the house4 ,last      ,july1 two     

young mocking-birds were taken from a   
nest of five4      ,the two young       
mocking-birds taken from the nest were  
placed      carefully in a large-sized  
cage1 and the cage was suspended        
from a hook at the side of the front    
hall-door4 ,the young birds      were   
constantly and regularly fed for two    
weeks1 night and      morning1 by both  
parent-birds1 who hovered about the     
young ones      during the day singing  
and frisking1 and upon numerous         
occasions fighting off objectionable    
intruders and making great              
fluttering and noisy remonstrance when  
cats1 dogs1 or chickens      appeared   
beneath the cage4       ,at the end of  
two weeks1 the young mocking-birds then 
being      about able to fly1 the cage  
was taken inside the hall-way1 and      
there hung1 covered with a mosquito-bar1
 to protect the little      prisoners   
from stinging insects4       ,in the    
hall-way1 the old birds could not reach 
the young to      feed them1 but they   

would fly in and through the house2 this
      they did for several days1 and    
then1 apparently1 they abandoned        
our locality and their young altogether4
 ,as we thought the old      birds would
 not return1 we again placed the cage   
outside the      house1 in its first    
position1 but on one occasion we failed 
to      entirely cover the cage with the
 mosquito-bar2 and that very            
evening1 at the usual feeding-time1     
about dusk1 both old birds      were    
seen1 for the first time since their    
departure4 ,each bird      had food or  
poison in its beak1 and each was seen   
feeding it to      the young birds2 and 
then they flew away and did not return4 
,not suspecting any danger to the young 
birds1 we allowed the      cage to      
remain in the same place all night4     
,next morning early1 we found one young 
bird dead in the cage1      and the     
other barely alive1 reeling and dazed as
 if under the      influence of a       
poisonous weed or narcotic4 ,within a   

few hours1      it too was dead4 ,i am  
sorry that ,i lost two very beautiful   
birds2 and ,i think the parent-birds    
poisoned the young      captives1 as the
 old birds were not seen by us again4   
,shall not      the verdict be guilty   
instead of not guilty8 ,decide the      
question1 ,dear ,jack4                  
,yours truly1    ,,louise ,a-----4  ,no1
 thank you6 ,you can't persuade me to be
 the judge in such a case4 ,for if ,i   
should undertake to decide the question 
of guilt1 ,i'd be sure to point out the 
fact that in every instance the poisoned
 birds were in cages1 not in nests4 ,and
 then you wise human folk would be sure 
to say that that wasn't a fair way of   
stating the case1 or that ,i was        
prejudiced4 ,and perhaps ,i am4 ,i'm    
neither a bird nor a human being1 you   
see2 ,i'm only ,jack-in-the-,pulpit4 ,so
 settle this matter for yourselves4   ,a
 ,,living ,,island4       ,,dear ,,jack3
 ,the alligator is not in any way an    
attractive      animal4 ,on the         

contrary1 it is about as repellant in   
looks and      disposition as any living
 creature very well can be4 ,and yet in 
one respect1 at least1 it is to be      
envied3 ,it can go through      life    
without ever needing a dentist1 unless  
it be to eat him2      for it never     
keeps its teeth long enough to give them
 any      chance to decay or ache or get
 out of order in any way4 ,when an      
alligator's tooth is worn out or broken 
or in need of any kind      of repair1  
it drops out1 and1 behold6 a new one is 
ready to      take its place4 ,but ,i   
hardly need say that the alligator's    
teeth are a joy only to itself4         
,another peculiarity of the alligator is
 its ability to sleep4      ,like other 
reptiles1 it is so cold-blooded that it 
likes warmth      and hates cold4 ,it   
needs water1 too1 and as the dry season 
and      the cool season come on        
together in ,florida1 there is a double 
reason why the ,florida alligator should
 go into winter      quarters4 ,it      

buries itself in the mud after the      
manner of its      kind and settles down
 for a long nap4       ,sometimes it    
happens that grass and quick-growing    
shrubs spring      up on the back of    
this torpid animal4 ,as a rule these are
 all      shaken or washed off when1    
with the first warm rains1 the          
alligator rouses itself and makes for   
the water2 but      occasionally1 for   
some reason1 the mud clings and with it 
the      plant growth1 so that when the 
half-awakened creature slides      into 
the water and floats stupidly off1 it   
looks like a      floating island4      
,in one such instance1 a plover was so  
deceived as to build its      nest in   
the plant-growth on the alligator's     
back4 ,the living      island so        
freighted floated slowly down the stream
 until it was      noticed by a party of
 boys who were out fishing4 ,they saw   
the      plover rise from the little    
island1 and suspecting a nest to be     
there1 they gave up their fishing and   

rowed out to it4       ,they never      
suspected the nature of the island until
 they had      bumped their boat rather 
rudely into it once or twice1 and so    
vexed the alligator that it opened its  
huge mouth with a      startling        
suddenness that brought a chorus of     
yells from the      nest-robbers1 and   
sent them off in a fit mood to          
sympathize      with the plover1 which  
was fluttering about and crying         
piteously at the raid upon its nest4    
,the poor bird was doomed to lose its   
nest1 however1 for the      alligator1  
having at last been thoroughly roused1  
discovered      how hungry it was1 and  
dived down in search of food1 thus      
washing off island1 nest and all4       
,yours very truly1         ,,john ,r4   
,,coryell4  ,illustration3 ,a ,,living  
,,island4   ,,wrong ,,names ,,for       
,,things4  ,dear1 dear6 ,here's a       
startling list of accusations6 ,if any  
of you young wise-acres have made up    
your minds to write a dictionary when   

you grow up1 here's a warning for you6  
,is it possible that there are so many  
things in the world that have been      
wrongly named8 ,just listen to this     
letter from my friend1 ,m4 ,e4 ,l4      
,,dear ,,jack3 ,it is odd how names     
mislead4 ,the calla lily is a calla1    
not a lily4 ,the tuberose is not a rose 
at all4 ,the strawberry and     the     
blackberry are not berries4 ,german     
silver came not from ,germany1     any  
more than did the ,turkish bath from    
,turkey4 ,french calf and     ,russian  
leather are both ,american4 ,there is no
 wax in sealing-wax1     and not a bit  
of bone in all the whalebone in the     
world4 ,china-ware     is made in our   
own country4 ,pinks are not all pink4   
,not every one     called ,black is a   
colored person2 and how very many are   
called ,wise     who are not6           
,yours truly1              ,m4 ,e4 ,l4  
,,who ,,can ,,answer ,,this8  ,,dear    
,,jack3 ,like the ,little               
,school-ma'am's friend1 ,dorothy ,g----1

 ,i have been reading the ,life of      
,longfellow1 and ,i found in it the     
following extract from his diary1 which 
has puzzled me3       ,r4 at tea4 ,he   
gave us the following verse for finding 
on what      day of the week the first  
of any month falls3          ',at ,dover
 dwells ,george ,brown1 ,esquire1       
,good ,christopher ,finch and ,daniel   
,frier4'  ,now1 can you1 ,dear ,jack1 or
 can some of your wise friends tell me  
how to discover on what day of the week 
the first of any month falls1 by the aid
 of this couplet8                       
,yours truly1          ,m4 ,w----4      
,illustration  ,,the ,,agassiz          
,,association  ,,sixty-,,fifth ,,report4
   ,,agassiz ,,and ,,audubon4  ,in many 
respects the characters of these two    
great naturalists were alike1--and      
especially in their affectionate        
gentleness and mercy4 ,although1 in the 
interests of science1 both were led to  
destroy the lives of many animals1 no   
men were more careful to avoid needless 

slaughter and unnecessary pain4 ,it was 
,audubon who said1 ,the moment a bird   
was dead1 however beautiful it had been 
when in life1 the pleasure arising from 
the possession of it became blunted4    
,this saying has become the motto of a  
large and rapidly growing society1      
organized in #ahhf1 and known as the    
,,audubon ,,society1 for the protection 
of birds4 ,this society1 recognizing the
 increasing influence of the ,,agassiz  
,,association1 has sent to us a special 
invitation to co-operate in its work4   
,the circular of the ,,audubon ,,society
 shows1 first1 the alarming rate at     
which our birds are being exterminated4 
,it gives a series of startling facts2  
for example1 ,one ,new ,york firm had on
 hand1 ,february #a1 #ahhf1 #bjj1jjj    
skins1 and it closes this paragraph as  
follows3 ,these figures tell their own  
story2 but it is a story which might be 
known even without them2 we may read it 
plainly enough in the silent hedges1    
once vocal with the morning songs of    

birds1 and in the deserted fields1 where
 once bright plumage flashed in the     
sunlight4  ,the purpose of the ,society 
is to prevent1 as far as possible1  #a4 
,the killing of any wild bird not used  
for food4  #b4 ,the taking or destroying
 of the eggs or nests of any wild birds4
  #c4 ,the wearing of the feathers of   
wild birds4  ,,the plan of work is very 
simple4  ,there are no expenses of any  
sort whatever4 ,there are no conditions 
of age4 ,no formal organization is      
required4 ,each one can join by agreeing
 to any one of the three following      
pledges3  ,,pledge ,,no4 #a4--;,i pledge
 myself not to kill1 wound1 nor capture 
any wild bird not used for food so long 
as ,i remain a member of the ,audubon   
,society2 and ,i promise to discourage  
and prevent1 so far as ,i can1 the      
killing1 wounding or capture of birds by
 others4  ,,pledge ,,no4 #b4--;,i pledge
 myself not to rob1 destroy nor in any  
way disturb or injure the nest or eggs  
of any wild bird so long as ,i remain a 

member of the ,audubon ,society2 and ,i 
promise to discourage and prevent1 so   
far as ,i can1 such injury by others4   
,,pledge ,,no4 #c4--;,i pledge myself   
not to make use of the feathers of any  
wild bird as ornaments of dress or      
household furniture1 and by every means 
in my power to discourage the use of    
feathers for decorative purposes4       
,these pledges are not to be understood 
as hindering the signer from taking such
 birds1 eggs or nests as he may require 
for scientific purposes1 but refer only 
to wanton or mercenary destruction and  
robbery4 ,therefore no member of the    
,,agassiz ,,association can feel any    
hesitation about allying himself also   
with the ,,audubon ,,society4 ,boys and 
girls can often do more than others to  
protect nesting birds4   ,,from         
,,mexico4  ,we are in the ,state        
,michoacan1 the ,garden ,state of the   
,republic1 with thirty or forty thousand
 inhabitants4 ,it is a pleasant place to
 live in2 seven thousand feet above the 

sea2 fine air1 good water1 and very     
healthy4 ,the corridors of the house are
 inhabited by a colony of birds4 ,the   
female looks like the female ,english   
sparrow4 ,the male has a scarlet breast 
and cap4 ,the egg is robin-blue1 with a 
ring of black spots around the larger   
end4 ,it is called the ,gorriones4 ,the 
buzzard is very common here4 ,on a trip 
we took1 we saw the fine ,mocha coffee  
growing1 and some of the cities could   
not be seen on account of the banana    
plants which shade the coffee4 ,here we 
have all the familiar wild flowers1 and 
many strange ones4 ,i belong to an ,ohio
 ,chapter of the ,a4 ,a4--,g4 ,a4       
,harriman4   ,,assembly ,,report4  ,we  
hope to receive regular annual reports  
from all assemblies of the ,a4 ,a41 as  
well as from the individual ,chapters1  
and have the pleasure this month1 of    
giving the following from the ,assembly 
of ,essex ,county1 ,n4 ,j4 ,the first   
call for an ,assembly meeting was sent  
out by ,east ,orange1 ,b4 ,four         

,chapters only responded4 ,we decided to
 have five delegates from each ,chapter4
 ,we have meetings on the last ,saturday
 evening of every other month1 from     
,september to ,june2 five meetings for  
the year4 ,we have reports of progress  
from the associate ,chapters1 papers by 
members1 discussions of methods of work1
 and occasional addresses4 ,we have had 
many difficulties to contend with1 but  
feel that our meetings have been        
pleasant and helpful1 and should say    
from our experience thus far1 by all    
means encourage the formation of        
,assemblies4                      ,very 
sincerely yours1                ,n4 ,m4 
,,dorr4   ,,boston ,,assembly4          
,chapters #aab1 #gbi1 #gfj1 and #hbj of 
,boston1 ,mass41 have united for the    
purpose of forming a ,boston ,assembly4 
,all ,chapters1 in or near ,boston1 that
 would like to join1 are invited to     
address                                 
,,mr4 ,,thomas ,h4 ,,fay1 ,sec4 of      
,committee1                             

#h ,n4 ,grove street1 ,boston1 ,mass4   
,,delayed ,,reports4  #eea1 ,clinton1   
,iowa4 ,we have over three hundred      
specimens1 and a small library4 ,we have
 been studying turtles1 and have noticed
 that the eye of a turtle shuts from the
 bottom4 ,we now intend to take up      
fishes1 and as the ,mississippi river is
 within one block of our rooms1 we shall
 not lack specimens4 ,we have held      
thirty-eight meetings1 and cases of     
absence are rare4--,henry ,towle1 ,sec4 
#efg1 ,fort ,meade1 ,florida4--,our     
,chapter of five1 all of our own family1
 left ,iowa1 ,september #be1 #ahhd4 ,we 
came down the ,skunk river to the       
,mississippi1 thence to ,new ,orleans1  
thence to ,tampa1 and are now living    
nine miles southeast from ,fort ,meade4 
,we left ,sigourney1 ,iowa1 in the ,ena1
 a ,racine boat1 eighteen feet long1    
forty-two inches beam1 with water-tight 
compartments4 ,we had tent and camping  
outfit which we carried in another boat4
 ,our party consisted of the five       

members of the ,chapter1 and a baby1 one
 year old4 ,we reached ,new ,orleans    
,thursday1 ,december #d1 just ten weeks 
from our time of starting4 ,this        
includes stops at all the principal     
towns4 ,our actual running time was #cig
 hours4 ,distance1 #ahab miles2 average1
 #d4ec miles per hour2 least daily      
distance1 five miles2 greatest1         
sixty-five4 ,the first cotton was seen  
at ,new ,madrid1 ,mo42 the first cane1  
below ,grady's ,landing2 first ,spanish 
moss1 just below ,greenville1 ,miss4    
,after being here a year1 three of our  
number made another long excursion4     
,tuesday1 ,december #a1 #ahhe1 we put   
our boat into ,peace creek1 thence to   
,charlotte ,harbor1 up the              
,caloosahatchie1 through lakes ,fliet   
and ,hicapochee1 into lake ,okeechobee2 
across the northern end of the lake1    
into the ,kissimee river1 up to         
,kissimee lake1 then up ,tiger creek    
into ,tiger lake1 whence we walked      
thirty-five miles home1 making in the   

round1 #gjj miles1 in six weeks4 ,once  
we were over seven days without seeing a
 soul outside our own party4 ,one of our
 lady members claims the honor of being 
the first white woman that ever crossed 
,okeechobee in a small boat4 ,in all    
these travels1 we have never been       
disturbed by man or beast1 and have     
always been treated kindly4 ,the        
,okeechobee trip was made at an expense 
of twelve dollars for three of us4 ,the 
trip down the ,mississippi cost about   
one dollar per day for the six4 ,this1  
of course1 does not include cost of     
boats1 tents1 and equipage4 ,we found it
 a pleasant method of travel1 and many  
of the ,a4 ,a4 might enjoy something    
similar4 ,my wife and two daughters made
 the trip1 so it is within the range of 
young lady members1 if they have a taste
 for such travels4--,irving ,keck1 ,sec4
 #efg4  #efh1 ,meadville1 ,pa4 ,we      
number now only four1 the others having 
left college2 but what we lack in number
 is made up in zeal4 ,we study nature   

with a great deal more care than when we
 first formed a ,chapter1 and have spent
 some of our most enjoyable hours in    
rambling though the woods4  ,we send    
greeting to the ,chapters1 and say1     
,long live the ,a4 ,a41 as one of the   
best schools in which any one can       
learn4--,f4 ,l4 ,armstrong1 ,sec4  #egd1
 ,indianapolis1 ,ind4 ,the future looks 
bright4 ,we are all interested1 and1    
although very lately reorganized1 we    
hope to grow rapidly4--,tom ,moore1     
,sec4   ,,concerning ,,puff-,,balls4    
,all our botanical friends will be      
interested in the following paper     on
 the curious fungi commonly called      
puff-balls2 but ,i must     emphasize   
the words of caution given by ,professor
 ,trelease and warn     you not to eat  
any puff-balls whatever1 until you have 
been taught     to distinguish the good 
from the poisonous1 by a competent      
botanist1     with the actual specimens 
in his hand4 ,so long as you have the   
slightest doubt1 remember the old       

test--,eat one1--then if you live1      
it was an edible mushroom2 if you die1  
it was a poisonous fungus6     ,here is 
what ,professor ,trelease says3  ,i have
 been asked several times by the boys of
 the ,agassiz ,association to go with   
them on little collecting excursions1   
and ,i have always found them much      
interested in toadstools1 and other     
fungi4 ,from what ,i have seen on these 
and similar excursions1 ,i have been led
 to think that if given a little idea   
about some of these plants a good many  
people would be glad to observe them    
more closely4  ,one group of fungi in   
particular--the puff-balls--has a great 
deal of interest for me4 ,it is a very  
difficult group to study1 and if the    
sharp-eyed boys of the ,agassiz         
,chapters all over the country will be  
on the lookout for puff-balls this      
summer and fall1 they can be of         
assistance in some work that there is   
much need of doing with these plants4   
,every boy who lives in the country must

 have seen the giant puff-ball          
7,lycoperdon bovista7 that grows in     
pastures1 looking like a great white    
egg1 sometimes nearly two feet high1 set
 up on its small end4 ,it is not easy to
 see where these curious growths come   
from1 for they sometimes appear as large
 as one's fist1 or larger1 in the       
morning1 in places where there was      
nothing of the sort the night before4   
,then they often grow for several days1 
and finally turn brown and break up into
 a dusty mass that at last blows away   
like smoke1 leaving nothing but a dried1
 torn remnant behind4  ,when one of     
these large puff-balls is seen1 scrape  
the dirt away carefully about it1 and   
the secret of its appearance will be    
discovered2 for a mass of fine white    
threads spread away from it in every    
direction4 ,this spawn takes the place  
of the roots of a tree1 absorbing food  
from the decaying leaf mold1 or whatever
 there may be of the same nature in the 
ground4 ,all of its food is obtained in 

this way2 so that the delicate          
spawn-threads may spend a long time in  
feeding and storing up food before they 
give any evidence of their existence4   
,but at last a puff-ball begins to grow2
 at first1 very small1 then larger1 but 
never very large1 until a rain may give 
it the opportunity to break through the 
sod1 and then1 swelling up rather than  
growing1 it suddenly makes its          
appearance4  ,while they are young1     
firm1 and pure white1 when cut open1    
these large puff-balls are very good    
eating1 sliced1 seasoned well1 and fried
 in butter1 and especially if dipped in 
egg and cracker crumbs4 ,but ,i must    
caution my readers to leave other fungi 
alone1 even if they think the specimens 
they find are mushrooms1 for some of the
 fungi that look a good deal like       
mushrooms are extremely poisonous4 ,even
 a puff-ball soon loses its value for   
food1 and should never be eaten after it
 becomes the least discolored1 or       
offensive in smell4 ,when this change   

occurs1 it seems as if the plant was    
rapidly going to decay2 but this is not 
the case1--it is simply ripening4 ,for a
 puff-ball is nothing more nor less than
 the fruit of the underground mycelium1 
or spawn2 and the dusty mass that it    
dries into is composed of myriads of    
spores1 which take the place of the     
seeds of flowering plants4 ,how many    
puff-balls there would be if every one  
of these microscopic spores developed6  
,in a puff-ball sixteen inches in       
diameter1 if they occupy only one-third 
of the space1 there are no less than    
#cjj1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj spores1--an    
inconceivable number4 ,i do not know why
 it is1 but these spores do not         
germinate readily1 and very few of them 
produce other plants4 ,perhaps it is    
quite as well1 as1 if they all grew1    
there would be room for no other kind of
 vegetation4  ,another very good edible 
puff-ball is the little lead-colored    
species 7,bovista plumbea71 about as    
large as a marble1 that is very common  

in hilly pastures4 ,when it is young and
 white1 it is even more delicious than  
the large species4 ,with these ,i think 
,i should let my bill-of-fare rest4  ,a 
few other common puff-balls are the     
exquisite earth-stars 7,geaster71 that  
are commonest in sandy places and under 
evergreens2 the studded puff-ball       
7,lycoperdon gemmatum71 very abundant on
 the ground in woods2 the fleecy white  
puff-ball 7,l4 ,wrightii7 that grows    
along paths in meadows2 and the         
pear-shaped puff-ball 7,l4 pyriforme71  
found everywhere on old logs1 in tufts  
that are united by firm white cords4    
,these plants will make an interesting  
addition to the cabinet of a ,chapter   
that will take the trouble to look for  
them and preserve them properly4 ,they  
ought to be gathered in two             
states1--just before they open to       
discharge their spores1 and when        
perfectly ripe4 ,they must not be       
handled so as to rub off the mealy or   
warty covering that some have1 and      

should be carefully taken home in a     
basket and laid in a good warm place to 
dry4 ,some of the larger species soften 
and become so offensive when first      
beginning to ripen that they may appear 
to be spoiled2 but if put in an         
out-of-the-way place1 where they will   
annoy nobody1 they usually come out all 
right4 ,when fully dry they should be   
laid in pasteboard trays or boxes1      
properly labeled1 and put into the      
cabinet4  ,i shall be very glad to name 
puff-balls for members of the ,agassiz  
,association as far as ,i can4          
,specimens sent for identification must 
be dried1 carefully wrapped in          
tissue-paper1 and packed with cotton or 
soft paper in a tin or wooden box1      
addressed to me as below4 ,each specimen
 sent should be marked with a number    
corresponding to that of the duplicate  
kept for the ,chapter cabinet1 so that  
my names may be given with reference to 
the numbers4 ,if any specimens are to be
 returned1 this should be indicated in  

the letter accompanying them1 and the   
proper amount of return postage         
included4                               
,,william ,,trelease1                   
,shaw ,school of ,botany1 ,st4 ,louis1  
,mo4  ,illustration3 #a4 ,,fleecy       
,,white ,,puff-,,ball4 #b4 ,,beech      
,,earth ,,star4 #c4 ,,lead-,,colored    
,,puff-,,ball4 #d4 ,,studded            
,,puff-,,ball4 #e4 ,,pear-,,shaped      
,,puff-,,ball4   ,,notes4  ,frogs'      
,eggs4 ,i think ,i can tell ,mrs4 ,n4   
,b4 ,jones 7see ,april number7 what her 
jelly-like mass was4 ,last spring our   
boys brought home similar masses1 some  
globular1 some in strings4 ,we put them 
in water in a sunny place4 ,in less than
 a week we had tiny tadpoles swimming   
about4 ,unfortunately the curiosity     
concerning them was so great that they  
were continually lifted from the water1 
and after a few weeks all died4 ,we     
thought the eggs must have been frogs'  
eggs1 but we had two or three varieties4
 ,i hope to repeat the experiment1 and  

continue it long enough to see exactly  
what animal will develop4--,mrs4 ,j4 ,c4
 ,kinear1 ,sec4 ,ch4 #eih4              
,mocking-bird4 ,one or two subscribers  
have stated through                     
,jack-in-the-,pulpit1 that the          
mocking-bird1 7mimus polyglottus7 is not
 guilty of poisoning its young2 but ,i  
have positively seen it done4 ,the birds
 will feed their young for a while and  
when they find that it is impossible to 
get at them through the wires of the    
cage1 they bring a poisonous red berry1 
which the young eat4 ,i can furnish the 
signatures of six or eight persons who  
have seen this with their own eyes4--,p4
 ,l4 ,benedict1 ,sec4 #cca4       ,this 
establishes the fact that mocking-birds 
have brought      berries believed to be
 poisonous1 to their young4 ,but it is  
unsafe1 as ,i have before shown1 to     
infer the bird's motives      from its  
acts4 ,we can not know that the bird    
changed the diet      of its young      
because it could not get at them1 nor do

 we know      that it knew the deadly   
nature of the berries4 ,a jury could not
      convict of murder4                
,devil-fish4--,and ,ostriches4 ,last    
summer we saw a devil-fish of the ray   
family1 genus ,cephaloptera4 ,it had    
something like great wings on its sides4
 ,these were called pectorals4 ,from tip
 to tip across these it was sixteen     
feet1 four inches1 and from head to     
junction of tail1 eight feet six inches4
 ,its tail was about two feet long1 and 
not more than an inch in thickness4 ,a  
flour-barrel was put in its mouth4  ,we 
had also1 fortunately1 an opportunity of
 seeing thirty-six live ostriches4 ,they
 belonged to ,dr4 ,sketcherly1 who      
bought them in ,port ,natal1 and was    
taking them to his ostrich farm in ,los 
,angeles1 ,california4 ,we noticed that 
the males were all black1 with white    
tail and wing-feathers1 and pink bills2 
while the females were gray1 with white 
tail and wings like the males1 and black
 bills1 which were triangular1 with one 

end rounded off1 and not duck-bill      
shaped1 as ,i have read4 ,their legs    
resemble those of a horse1 only they    
have two toes4 ,their eyes were large1  
dark1 and mild4 ,two males were said to 
be very dangerous4 ,a whole turnip was  
picked up and swallowed by one of them1 
and it was quite surprising to see it   
gradually turning from the front of his 
neck around to the back portion of it1  
and finally disappear suddenly into his 
back between the wings1 where the craw  
was said to be situated4 ,five natives  
were in attendance4 ,their features were
 regular1 and their complexion dark     
brown2 they had straight1 black hair4   
,one of them spoke ,english4--,mrs4 ,e4 
,e4 ,walden1 ,galveston1 ,texas4        
,buttercups4 ,i have noticed that       
buttercups often make a mistake and grow
 six petals1 instead of five4--,c4      
,such variations are common4 ,i have    
seen trilliums with four      parts     
throughout2 ,houstonias1 with five and  
six divisions2 and      ,hepaticas      

completely double1 like tiny roses4     
,bees4 ,a simple remedy for honey       
thieves4 ,a gentleman who owns a bee    
farm discovered a large swarm of bees   
stealing honey from one of his smallest 
hives4 ,the latter1 because of their    
inferior numbers1 were unable to protect
 their stores1 and he tried various     
methods to aid them4  ,one day1 at the  
suggestion of a friend1 he laid a branch
 of asparagus before the entrance1      
completely concealing it from the eyes  
of the marauding bees1 which flew wildly
 around1 searching in vain for the      
opening1 while the occupants of the     
hive1 having made their exit through the
 asparagus1 knew what lay behind it1 and
 afterward stored their honey           
unmolested4--,agnes ,lydon1 ,sec4       
,milwaukee ,chapter ,e4   ,,minutes ,,of
 ,a ,,good ,,meeting4  ,meeting called  
to order at #a4aj ,p4 ,m4 ,for the      
benefit of new members1 an explanation  
of the organization of the ,chapter     
7,no4 #cca7 was given1 also of the      

origin of the ,a4 ,a4 ,the hand-book of 
the ,a4,a4 was then reviewed1 each topic
 taken up and explained1 portions of the
 constitution1 by-laws1 etc41 being     
read4 ,next came the report of the      
secretary4 ,next1 that of the treasurer4
 ,the question1 ',ought the ,english    
sparrow in this country to be considered
 an ,american bird8' was decided in the 
affirmative4 ,then came the election of 
new members4 ,three were elected4 ,the  
revised copy of by-laws was then signed 
by all present4 ,secretary then read    
extracts from the ,a4 ,a4 columns of    
,,st4 ,,nicholas1 and explained about   
'centuries4' ,he also read from the     
reports of other ,chapters4 ,a motion   
was then made that some one member bring
 in at each meeting an essay4 ,secretary
 then read annual report to be sent to  
,lenox4 ,approved4 ,the next step was   
the paying of initiation fees by the new
 members4 ,the treasurer was authorized 
to send to ,lenox for a 'charter4' ,the 
questions in ornithology in ,december   

,,st4 ,,nicholas1 and the answers to    
same in ,march number1 by ,percy ,l4    
,benedict1 ,sec4 #cca1 were read by the 
,vice-,president4 ,next came a chemical 
experiment on the nature of flame1--the 
three cones1 luminous1 semi-luminous1   
non-luminous4 ,a bent glass tube was    
thrust into the non-luminous cone and   
lighted at the other end1--a proof that 
the gas around the wick was not ignited4
  ,question for next meeting1 ,which is 
the most useful animal8 ,meeting        
adjourned at #b4ej ,p4 ,m4--,percy ,l4  
,benedict1 ,secretary4                  
,,kioto1 ,,japan4  ,i was unfortunate   
enough1 last ,march1 to have all my     
letters1 letter-book1 hand-books1 and   
other matter relating to the ,a4 ,a4 as 
secretary of ,chapter #ghi1 burn1       
together with everything else in my     
house1 and the house itself4 ,i have    
thus lost the addresses of some persons 
who had written to this ,chapter4 ,i    
mention this only to explain to those   
who might otherwise have occasion to    

think this ,chapter negligent1 the      
reason we can not answer them1 unless   
they will have the kindness to write    
again4--,c4 ,m4 ,cady4      ,every      
member of the ,a4 ,a4 will regret to    
hear of the misfortune     that befell  
,mr4 ,cady in the burning of his house4 
,doubtless those     members who had    
written to the ,japan ,chapter will now 
write again4   ,,exchanges4  ,every     
collector is invited to send for my     
exchange list4--,s4 ,o4 ,pindar1        
,hickman1 ,ky4  ,i wish to correspond   
with all ,chapters intending to raise   
silk-worms next year4--,chas4 ,a4       
,jenkins1 ,sec4 ,ch4 #ddg1 ,chittenango1
 ,n4 ,y4  ,mr4 ,l4 ,l4 ,goodwin1 ,daisy1
 ,tenn41 will exchange fragments of     
ancient pottery1 arrow-heads1 stone     
axes1 and tomahawks--genuine and scarce2
 write first4 ,i specially desire a     
large star-fish1 entire jaws of a shark1
 a large lobster1 and jaws and teeth of 
sea-fishes4   ,,chapters1 ,,new ,,and   
,,reorganized4     ,no4    ,name4       

,no4 of     ,address4                   
,members4     #igb  ,anadarko1 ,ind4    
,ter4 7,a7    --  ,charley ,a4          
,reynolds4     #bcd  ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4
 7,g7         #d  ,miss ,isabella       
,roelker1 #bcg ,w4                      
#east ,street4      #fc  ,east ,dennis1 
,mass4 7,a7     #bj  ,harry ,e4 ,scars4 
#ece  ,hallowell1 ,maine 7,a7        #d 
,miss ,m4 ,lillian ,hopkins4      #dj   
,sauquoit1 ,n4 ,y4 7,a7        #ab      
,miss ,h4 ,josephine ,campbell4     #aef
  ,peoria1 ,ill4 7,a7            #e  ,w4
 ,t4 ,van ,buskirk1 #aaa ,penn4         
,ave4     #igc  ,ludington1 ,mich4 7,b7 
#ac  ,miss ,emma ,gaudette4     #eib    
,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 7,p7         #d     
,miss ,cecilia ,a4 ,francis1 #ed ,w4    
#ehth ,street4     #igd  ,richmond1 ,va4
 7,c7           #d  ,miss ,rebekah ,n4  
,woodbridge1 #h ,e4                     
,franklin ,st4     #aic  ,providence1   
,r4 ,i4 7,a7       #e  ,harry ,i4       
,griffin1 #aaj ,carpenter               
,street4     #bej  ,houghton1 ,mich4    

7,a7        #cf  ,morton ,c4 ,getchell4 
#af  ,kerr ,city1 ,florida 7,a7      #f 
,miss ,emma ,hammond4     #afe          
,norwalk1 ,ct4 7,a7            #f  ,mr4 
,a4 ,quintard4     #gje  ,philadelphia1 
,pa4 7,y7      --  ,miss ,edith ,earpe1 
#fda ,n4 #dc;d                          
,street4     #gbc ,hopkinton1 ,mass4    
7,a7         #e  ,geo4 ,w4 ,chandler4   
#hda ,montclair1 ,n4 ,j4 7,b7         #d
  ,mr4 ,wm4 ,hollins1 ,box #bgg4        
,,dissolved4      #deh  ,haverhill1     
,mass4               ,f4 ,h4 ,chase4    
#fbj  ,manlius1 ,n4 ,y4                 
,geo4 ,c4 ,beebe4     #ijj  ,san        
,francisco1 ,cal4            ,h4 ,h4    
,loy4   ,,notice4  ,secretaries of      
,chapters #gja-hjj are requested to send
 in their reports as near ,sept4 #bj as 
possible4  ,all are invited to join the 
,association4                 ,address  
all communications for this ,department 
to                                      
,,mr4 ,,harlan ,h4 ,,ballard1 ,lenox1   
,mass4     ,,the ,,letter-,,box4        

,contributors are respectfully informed 
that1 between the #ast of     ,june and 
the #aeth of ,september1 manuscripts can
 not conveniently     be examined at the
 office of ,,st4 ,,nicholas4            
,consequently1 those     who desire to  
favor the magazine with contributions   
will please     postpone sending their  
,,mss4 until after the last-named date4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,,washington1 ,d4 ,c4  ,,dear ,,st4     
,,nicholas3 ,this is the first letter ,i
 have ever written you4 ,i like your    
stories very much2 the best one of this 
year1 ,i think1 is ,little ,lord        
,fauntleroy4 ,only ,i did not like to   
have the new ,lord ,fauntleroy coming in
 to take his place4 ,i hope ,mrs4       
,burnett will have the ,earl buy the new
 ,lord ,fauntleroy out4                 
,your interested reader1     ,,mary ,g--
         99       99       99       99  
99                                      
,,clifton1 ,,near ,,bristol1 ,,england4 
,,dear ,,st4 ,,nicholas3 ,we are an     

,english family with big and little     
members in it4 ,whenever ,,st4          
,,nicholas comes there is a great rush  
for it4 ,we think it much better than   
any of our ,english magazines4 ,we live 
near the ,suspension ,bridge1 which is  
#bed feet above the river4 ,our horses  
eat sugar1 apples1 and salt out of our  
hands4 ,one is called ,howard1 the      
other1 ,chester4 ,we hardly ever get any
 ice here1 and very little snow4 ,we    
think that ,little ,lord ,fauntleroy is 
a real good story2 it is very like      
,english life4 ,we enjoy the letters    
from the little ,american boys and girls
 very much4 ,please print this letter1  
as it comes a long way--from ,england4  
,i am a big member writing for the rest 
of our family4                          
,always your faithful readers1   ,,the  
,,sparke ,,family4         99       99  
99       99       99       ,b3 ,the     
story you name is founded on an actual  
tricycle journey by a     group of      
friends4         99       99       99   

99       99                             
,,cortlandt1 ,,omaha4  ,,dear ,,st4     
,,nicholas3 ,i have never seen any      
letters from ,omaha1 in your delightful 
pages1 so ,i think ,i must write1 and   
hope you will print this letter4 ,my    
mother and ,i think that ,little ,lord  
,fauntleroy is the most beautiful story 
we have ever read1 and we have persuaded
 my father to read it1 and he enjoyed it
 as much as we4 ,my mother thinks       
,cedric will die before the end1 but ,i 
hope not4 ,i do not go to school1 but ,i
 take ,french lessons of such a jolly   
little ,american ,mademoiselle6 ,would  
it not be fun for a certain number of   
boy and girl readers of ,,st4 ,,nicholas
 to send a list of five or ten of their 
favorite books and the authors' names to
 you1 and be printed6 ,i hope this      
letter is not too long to print4        
,your loving friend1      ,,menie ,c4   
,w--         99       99       99       
99       99                             
,,christ-,,church1 ,,new ,,zealand4     

,,dear ,,st4 ,,nicholas3 ,i thought you 
would like to get a letter from ,new    
,zealand1 as ,i don't think you have had
 one from such a long way4 ,we have had 
your magazine for two years1 and we all 
like you very much and look forward to  
getting you from the booksellers every  
month2 and ,i am afraid we sometimes    
squabble over it1 as we are three       
children and we all want it at once4    
,margaret1 my eldest sister1 generally  
gets it first because she can cut it    
best4 ,we have a nice pony1 and we call 
him ,joe1 or ,joseph1 because he is a   
piebald and has a coat of many colors4  
,the rabbits are so bad in ,new ,zealand
 that we have to keep ferrets to kill   
them4 ,father has a station1 or         
sheep-run1 with #bh1jjj sheep1 and we   
are afraid of the rabbits overrunning it
 and eating up the grass1 so father says
 ,i must bring up all my young kittens  
to be turned out on the run to kill the 
rabbits4 ,we went to ,england when ,i   
was four1 and ,i liked it very much1 and

 was so pleased to see ,granny and the  
aunties2 but1 oh1 dear1 the voyage made 
me so sick6 ,now1 dear ,,st4 ,,nicholas1
 ,i hope you will find room to put this 
in your magazine some day4 ,good-bye4   
,your devoted reader1    ,,adine ,,acton
 ,a--         99       99       99      
99       99                             
,,paris4  ,,my ,,dear ,,st4 ,,nicholas3 
,i am a little ,american girl1 but ,i am
 in ,europe now1 with my mother4 ,we    
were in ,london the other day1 and ,i   
went to ,madame ,tussaud's wax-works4   
,the figures are1 perhaps1 better than  
those of the ,eden ,musee1 but the      
likenesses are simply miserable1        
especially ,washington's1 which         
resembles ,bunthorne1 in ,patience2 and 
,lincoln1 who was a much taller man than
 the late ,general ,grant1 was          
represented as a much smaller one4      
,your very loving     ,,paquerelle4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,,new ,,york4  ,,dear ,,old ,,st4       
,,nicholas3 ,this is the first time ,i  

have ever written to you1 although ,i   
have taken you for thirteen years1--ever
 since you were published1--and have    
quite often thought of doing it4 ,i am  
only a ,new ,york girl1 and can not     
write you about lovely scenery and      
stirring events like the girls and boys 
who live at a distance1 but can only say
 again and again how dearly ,i love you1
 and how eagerly ,i look for you every  
month4  ,i have enjoyed the series ,from
 ,bach to ,wagner so much1 as ,i am very
 fond of music and take violin lessons4 
,i like ,little ,lord ,fauntleroy better
 than any story you have had in a long  
time1--but ,mrs4 ,burnett is always     
delightful1--and it makes it so nice to 
have it illustrated by ,mr4 ,birch1     
whose drawings ,i admire greatly4 ,i    
hope you will not find this letter too  
long to print or consider me too old to 
be one of your admirers1 as ,i am not   
yet seventeen4 ,i do not belong to the  
,a4 ,a41 much to my regret4 ,i used to  
be a member of the ,town and ,country   

,club1 but had to give it up for want of
 time4 ,good-bye1 dear ,,st4 ,,nick1 and
 believe me1                            
,affectionately yours1      ,,amethyst4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,,portland1 ,,or4  ,,dear ,,st4         
,,nicholas3 ,i have been taking you for 
nearly three years1 and think you are   
very nice4 ,i think ,little ,lord       
,fauntleroy and the ,brownies are       
splendid4 ,i like to read the           
,letter-,box4 ,i am eight years old and 
have lived in ,portland nearly five     
years2 and ,i go to see my grandpa in   
the ,east sometimes4 ,i have crossed the
 continent five times1 and1 my ,mamma   
says1 have spent about five weeks of my 
life in a sleeping-car4                 
,yours truly1   ,,louise ,k4 ,s4        
99       99       99       99       99  
#af ,,carlton ,,road1 ,,fitzhugh1       
,,southampton4  ,,dear ,,st4 ,,nicholas3
 ,we are very fond of you2 we jump for  
joy when you come each month4 ,we have  
taken you for two years in ,buenos      

,ayres2 now we are living in ,england1  
but in a little while we are going to   
,geneva2 but wherever we are1 we hope to
 see you4 ,our favorite stories are3    
,his ,one ,fault1 ,oh1 ,dear1 ,the      
,brownies1 ,little ,lord ,fauntleroy4   
,mother likes ,personally ,conducted4   
,this is the first letter we have       
written2 we should like to see it       
printed4                      ,your     
little friends1   ,,bella1 ,,willie1    
,,and ,,midge4         99       99      
99       99       99                    
,,liverpool1 ,n4 ,y4  ,,dear ,,st4      
,,nicholas3 ,i am a little girl nine    
years old4 ,i have a little sister and a
 baby brother4 ,my little sister ,enid  
thinks the ,brownies going to the surtus
 is the best4 ,i think ,little ,lord    
,fauntleroy is very nice4 ,we have a big
 mastiff dog named ,zippo4 ,he weighs   
one hundred and forty pounds4 ,he came  
from ,england when he was eighteen      
months old4 ,he was raised by an earl4  
,perhaps it was ,little ,lord           

,fauntleroy's grandfather4 ,i hope you  
will print this in your ,letter-,box4   
,your ,constant ,reader1   ,,bessie ,c4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,,washington1 ,d4 ,c4  ,,dear ,,st4     
,,nicholas3 ,we have neither of us ever 
written to you before1 but now we want  
to tell you something4 ,we were seated  
at our desks in school1 when the door   
opened and the principal entered1       
followed by four great ,indians4 ,none  
but the interpreter could speak         
,english4 ,they were dressed in         
citizens' clothes1 so were not so       
interesting as they might have been4    
,the next day several of us sent our    
albums to them1 and the interpreter     
wrote the names of each1 and then he    
whose name was signed1 made his own     
cross underneath4 ,three of their names 
are3    ,young ,prophet4   ,stiff ,wing4
   ,young ,bear4                        
,your devoted readers1    ,,ed4 ,,and   
,,kittie4         99       99       99  
99       99                             

,,philadelphia4  ,,dear ,,st4           
,,nicholas3 ,my age is twelve years1 and
 ,i am so fond of my mother2 so ,i must 
tell you how much we are all pleased    
with ,little ,lord ,fauntleroy and his  
,dearest mother4  ,my father is an      
,englishman1 but we live in this        
country2 we all love the ,queen1 and we 
have a very high regard for the         
,president and this ,government4  ,my   
father has been a great fisherman1 and  
has fished in many waters in this       
country2 one time he caught a large     
pickerel1 and the boy that was rowing   
the boat had no shoes on1 so when the   
large fish was drawn in the boat it had 
its mouth wide open1 and it slid to the 
boy's foot and came near decapitating   
his big toe4 ,another time he hooked a  
large rock fish1 and it pulled him in   
the river1 out of the boat1 and he came 
near drowning4  ,we all love the ,,st4  
,,nicholas1 for the many1 many pretty   
stories you give us4 ,now1 ,dearest ,no4
 #b1 ,i will say good-bye4              

,,james ,,lardner ,h4         99        
99       99       99       99           
,,bangor1 ,,me4  ,,dear ,,st4           
,,nicholas3 ,i am reading the story of  
,little ,lord ,fauntleroy1 and ,i like  
it very much4 ,i do not like the grandpa
 very much2 yet ,i think when the       
grandpa sees ,lord ,fauntleroy's mother1
 he will like her1 and have her come up 
and live with them4 ,from your friend1  
,l4 ,c4 ,b4         99       99       99
       99       99                      
,,louisville1 ,,ky4  ,,dear ,,st4       
,,nicholas3 ,i often thought ,i would   
like to send you some of my poetry1 and 
will inclose a piece that ,i composed   
last ,september1 while sailing my boat  
at ,barnegat4 ,i am eleven years old1   
and have been writing poetry and stories
 for several years4 ,i would be so much 
pleased to see this letter and poem     
printed in ,,st4 ,,nicholas1 and if you 
do not like this poetry ,i could send   
you other pieces called ,the ,frisky    
,calf1 ,blacksmith's ,song1 ,rivuletta1 

etc4 ,good-bye1 dear ,,st4 ,,nicholas4  
,yours truly1  ,,ellen ,n4 ,l4          
,,the ,,fathomless ,,deep4      ,ships  
have gone down1 and bags of gold1       
,and copper and silver and riches untold
     ,lie on the bottom of the          
fathomless deep1     ,where so many     
souls have gone to sleep4      ,ships   
have gone down with lively crews1       
,and there is no one to tell the sad    
news     ,about how many souls          
unwillingly sleep     ,on the bottom of 
the fathomless deep4      ,lobsters and 
crabs and fishes all1     ,from the big 
whale down to the minnow small1     ,and
 porpoises frolic and jump and leap     
,in the waters of the fathomless deep4  
,the waves break with a rush and roar   
,upon the sands1 as they did of yore2   
,and often and often people weep        
,for the souls that have died in the    
fathomless deep4      ,sailors sail on  
the ocean green1     ,and will continue 
to do so1 ,i ween2     ,for they wont   
take warning from the souls that sleep  

,on the bottom of the fathomless deep4  
,,barnegat ,,city1 ,n4 ,j41 ,sept4 #aa1 
#ahhe4         99       99       99     
99       99       ,a ,,jewel3--,your    
little story is very clever1 as the work
 of a girl     of your age1 and we      
should gladly print it in the           
,letter-,box if     there were space for
 it4 ,but we are sorry to say that we   
can not     possibly make room for the  
story in our already over-crowded       
columns4         99       99       99   
99       99                             
,,paris1 ,,france4  ,,dear ,,st4        
,,nicholas3 ,i am an ,american boy1     
living in ,paris2 ,i do not like it much
 here4 ,i have been to the ,louvre      
several times since ,i have been here1  
and the delightful ,stories of ,art and 
,artists have a double interest1 for    
when ,i go to the ,louvre ,i can look   
for the works of artists mentioned in   
those stories4 ,i have seen the picture 
of ,mme4 le ,brun and her daughter      
there1 and it is beautiful4 ,i have seen

 also a good many of ,david's4 ,i am    
eleven years old1 and have two sisters  
and one brother1 all younger than       
myself1 and we all wait for you with    
impatience4 ,i have taken you now for   
three years1 and to part with you would 
be like parting with an old friend4     
,little ,lord ,fauntleroy is the nicest 
next to ,art and ,artists1 ,i think4 ,i 
go to a school with over eleven hundred 
boys4 ,i leave the house at ten minutes 
of eight1 in the morning1 and ,i do not 
get home until six at night4  ,i hope   
you will print this1 as it is my first  
letter4 ,now1 with much love to you and 
the ,little ,school-ma'am1 ,i remain1   
,your constant reader1      ,j4 ,h4 ,t4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,in the article in our last number1     
entitled ,a ,royal ,fish1 the     author
 stated that in this country a salmon   
weighing fifty pounds     was considered
 a very large one4 ,but a correspondent 
now sends us     the following item     
describing a salmon which weighed       

seventy-two     pounds4 ,no salmon of   
this weight1 however1 has ever been     
caught     with a rod on the ,american  
side of the ocean4 ,here is the item3   
,crowds of well-dressed people1 men and 
women1 went to ,fulton ,market yesterday
 and looked at an enormous salmon which 
was on exhibition4 ,mr4 ,blackford1 to  
whom it belonged1 had put a row of big  
strawberries along its back and stuffed 
green moss into its capacious mouth4    
,the fish came from the ,dalles1 a noted
 fishing place on the ,columbia ,river1 
,oregon4 ,it measured fifty-two inches  
from its nose to the tip of its tail1   
was twelve inches broad1 and weighed    
seventy-two pounds4 ,it was caught in a 
net4         99       99       99       
99       99                             
,,balaton ,,fured4  ,,dear ,,st4        
,,nicholas3 ,i like you very much and   
most of all ,sophie ,swett and ,frank   
,stockton and ,miss ,alcott and ,mary   
,mapes ,dodge4 ,i am a little ,english  
girl1 and ,i live in ,hungary4 ,we are  

going away in the spring1 and father has
 gone already4                          
,your loving reader1         ,,kathleen 
,,young4         99       99       99   
99       99       ,,balaton ,,fured1    
,,hungary4  ,,dear ,,st4 ,,nicholas3 ,i 
feel ,i must add a few lines to my      
little daughter's note1 to tell you     
that1 as she is suffering from spinal   
complaint1 she is obliged always to lie 
on her back2 so to her--cut off from so 
many of the pleasures of stronger       
children--you are doubly welcome4       
,indeed1 we all are very partial to you2
 your magazine has the distinction of   
being the most shabby book on our       
book-shelves4 ,in our home1 as no doubt 
in hundreds of others1 you are a        
household word4 ,kathleen begs you1 if  
you have room1 to print her letter4     
,with every good wish1 very truly yours1
                                        
,,maria ,,young4         99       99    
99       99       99                    
,,washington1 ,d4 ,c4  ,,dear ,,st4     

,,nicholas3 ,i am eleven years old1 and 
have been taking you for several years4 
,i like you better than any other       
magazine4 ,i have a brother twenty-one  
months younger than ,i am1 and we look  
very much alike1 and wear the same kind 
of clothes4 ,he said he had a dream the 
other night1 which he thought was very  
funny4 ,he dreamed we were playing near 
the ,state ,department1 and a man told  
him not to get on the grass or he would 
whip him4 ,after a while he dreamed that
 ,i came along and got on the grass1    
when the man caught me and whipped me by
 mistake1 thinking ,i was my brother4   
,he thought the dream was very funny1   
but ,i did not see the fun in it4       
,yours affectionately1        ,,charles 
,c4         99       99       99        
99       99                             
,,wasioja1 ,,minn4  ,,dear ,,old        
,,saint3 ,although my brothers and ,i   
have taken you for nearly ten years1    
this is the first letter ,i have written
 you4  ,i want to thank you for ,mr4    

,stockton's valuable ,personally        
,conducted series1 and also for ,mr4    
,scudder's ,george ,washington4 ,mr4    
,stockton's ,personally ,conducted makes
 me feel as if ,i had visited the places
 he describes4  ,i am1 and always shall 
be1 an interested reader4               
,,fred4 ,j4 ,s4         99       99     
99       99       99                    
,,gardiner1 ,,maine4  ,,dear ,,st4      
,,nicholas3 ,i have been your constant  
reader since ,i was a very little girl1 
and you are still my favorite magazine1 
although ,i read many others4 ,last     
summer ,i tried a string house1 but not 
as you described1 for it is impossible  
to make morning-glories grow under a    
tree1 as they need a great deal of sun4 
,my house was shaped like a tent1 with  
sloping sides1 and outside of the       
morning-glories ,i planted a border of  
nasturtiums1 but although ,i began it   
early1 planted the seeds very thick1 and
 took the greatest pains with it1 it did
 not succeed1 and ,i don't think ,i     

shall try it again1 as the season here  
is probably too short4 ,but ,i should   
advise any one who intends making a     
string house not to make it under a     
tree1 but on a frame in the open ground4
 ,i think it is a great pity you don't  
come more than once a month 7and ,i am  
sure all the rest of your readers will  
agree with me71 ,i am so much interested
 in ,mrs4 ,burnett's ,little ,lord      
,fauntleroy4 ,i hope you will have      
another paper on ,historic ,girls soon4 
,i have no pets1 as a great many of your
 readers seem to have1 except a very    
small aquarium1 but have in place of    
them three collections1 which ,i have   
collected almost entirely myself1 and am
 much interested in4 ,the first1 and    
most interesting to me1 is one of birds'
 eggs1 the second1 moths1 insects1 and  
butterflies1 and1 last but not least1 a 
small collection of minerals4 ,i hope   
you will find room to print this1 but ,i
 suppose it is hard to choose among all 
the letters that must be sent to you4   

,your constant reader1     ,,amy ,r4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,,honolulu1 ,,sandwich ,,islands4       
,,dear ,,st4 ,,nicholas3 ,i have never  
written you a letter before1 but when ,i
 was looking over the letters in the    
,,st4 ,,nicholas 7for which ,i have     
lately become a subscriber7 ,i didn't   
see any letter from ,honolulu1 so ,i    
thought ,i would write you one about the
 volcano in ,hawaii1 which you know is  
one of the ,hawaiian ,islands4 ,well1   
about three weeks ago we heard that the 
bottom of the volcano had fallen in4 ,we
 were afraid that we would have some    
severe earthquakes or1 perhaps1 a tidal 
wave2 some thought the ,islands might   
all sink1 but nothing of the kind has   
occurred4 ,mr4 ,s----1 a photographer1  
was the first to see it2 he had been let
 down by ropes1 and was standing on a   
ledge taking photographs of the crater4 
,the volcano was unusually active4 ,he  
took the photographs1 and just as he was
 taking one he saw the whole thing      

caving in4 ,first the bottom fell out   
and then the sides fell in1 and down it 
all went1 leaving nothing but a         
bottomless hole4 ,no sooner was he      
hauled up than the ledge on which he had
 been standing fell in4                 
,yours truly1                ,,henry ,w4
         99       99       99       99  
99                                      
,,new ,,glasgow1 ,n4 ,s4  ,,dear ,,st4  
,,nicholas3 ,i have taken you for ten   
years4 ,we stopped for one year1 and we 
could not do without you1 so we have    
commenced again4 ,i think ,little ,lord 
,fauntleroy is a beautiful story4 ,i    
have never seen a letter from this      
province before4 ,i hope to see my      
letter in print4 ,your constant reader1 
,,bessie ,g4 ,t4         99       99    
99       99       99                    
,,atlanta1 ,,ga4  ,,dear ,,st4          
,,nicholas3 ,i am a little boy from the 
,south1 and have only gone to school a  
few months2 but as my mamma says ,i must
 some day be a ,governor1 and my grandma

 expects me to be a ,president1 ,i will 
commence with ,,st4 ,,nicholas4 ,i will 
be satisfied if ,i am ever as wise and  
good as was ,mr4 ,paul ,hayne1 our poet1
 who died last summer4  ,he had a       
splendid horse named ,dick4 ,often1 when
 he would ride out in the woods to      
compose a poem1 he would take me with   
him if ,i would promise not to speak a  
word1 and ,i know it was harder for me  
not to speak than for him to write the  
poem4                                   
,,albert ,a4         99       99        
99       99       99       ,we          
acknowledge with many thanks the receipt
 of pleasant letters from     the young 
friends whose names here follow3 ,raynor
 ,brothers1 ,eva     ,campbell1 ,emma   
,c4 ,tate1 ,cara ,sanford1 ,bessie      
,bradenbaugh1 ,l4 ,c41     ,may1        
,harry's ,mother1 ,bessie ,l4 ,lake1    
,ernst ,c4 ,bernbaum1 ,mary ,p4     ,f41
 ,john ,kelso1 ,annie ,howard1 ,fawn    
,evans1 ,willie ,c4 ,hardy1 ,millicent  
,r41 ,alice ,d4 ,leigh1 ,george ,b4     

,stratton1 ,frank ,m4 ,crispin1 ,alfred 
,b4     ,cushing1 ,flossie1 ,emily      
,innes1 ,reno ,blackstone1 ,mollie ,orr1
 ,lottie     ,e4 ,w41 ,violet ,a41      
,maudie ,brown1 ,florence ,h41 ,kitty   
,russell1 ,m4 ,s4     ,r41 ,emma ,t41   
,eloise ,l4 ,derby1 ,a4 ,j4 ,s41 ,grace 
,f4 ,schoff1 ,maude     ,jackson1 ,fanny
 ,h4 ,murdock1 ,rosa ,r4 ,a4  ,rudie ,e4
 ,b41 ,genevieve ,d41     ,ettie        
,coombs1 ,roy ,strong1 ,bertha ,parsons1
 ,maud ,t41 ,olive ,s4 ,stewart1        
,pansy ,o',donnell1 ,katisha1 ,cora     
,hoyt1 ,elizabeth ,k4 ,stewart1 ,first  
,ward ,school1 ,charlotte ,dennison1    
,dollie ,m4 ,brooks1 ,bessie ,roberts1  
,anna ,d4 ,w41 ,charles ,p4 ,clark1 ,m4 
,e4 ,r41 ,matty ,j41 ,florence ,a41     
,florence ,v4 ,thorpe1 ,roland ,wilber1 
,gertie ,doud1 ,nellie  ,ninita1        
,josie ,m4 ,merghau1 ,a4 ,b4 ,baylis1   
,jr41 ,audley  ,ronald1 ,ella ,h4 ,w41  
,w4     le bas ,t41 ,emma ,willcutt1    
,dot1 ,evan1  ,brooks1 ,s41 ,lucy       
,hathaway1     ,lucy ,p4 ,k41 ,kathleen1

 ,t4 ,c41 ,constant ,reader1 ,geraldine1
 ,maud ,elaine     ,caldwell1 ,e4       
,parks1 ,amy ,h4 ,silvester1 ,winnie    
,galloway1 ,henry ,j4     ,parsons1     
,tryphosa1 ,theodosia1 ,tryphena        
,van----1 ,e4 ,c4 ,n41 ,harry           
,armstrong1 ,charlie ,p4 ,g41 ,beth ,m41
 ,walter ,bassett1 ,w4 ,l4 ,briscoe1    
,constance ,r41 ,nellie ,b4 ,r41 ,emilie
 ,k41 ,wennie ,b4 ,dorrance1 ,o4 ,w4    
,g41     ,dodey ,smart1 ,mary  ,may1    
,duncan ,kilborn1 ,annie ,russell       
,anthony1 and     ,minnie ,r4     ,,the 
,,riddle-,,box4   ,,answers ,,to        
,,puzzles ,,in ,,the ,,august ,,number4 
,,charade4 ,keepsake4  ,,octagon4 #a4   
,dab4 #b4 ,cecil4 #c4 ,decolor4 #d4     
,aconite4 #e4 ,bilious4 #f4 ,lotus4 #g4 
,res4  ,,greek ,,cross4 ,i4 #a4 ,rate4  
#b4 ,aver4 #c4 ,teas4 #d4 ,erst4 ,,ii4  
#a4 ,tore4 #b4 ,omer4 #c4 ,reps4 #d4    
,erst4 ,,iii4 #a4 ,erst4 #b4 ,rhea4 #c4 
,seas4 #d4 ,task4 ,,iv4 #a4 ,task4 #b4  
,area4 #c4 ,seat4 #d4 ,kate4 ,v4 #a4    
,task4 #b4 ,anne4 #c4 ,snap4 #d4 ,kept4 

,,inverted ,,pyramids4 ,i4 ,across3 #a4 
,oratory4 #b4 ,erode4 #c4 ,toe4 #d4 ,l4 
,,ii4 ,across3 #a4 ,masonic4 #b4 ,sabot4
 #c4 ,mow4 #d4 ,e4  ,,illustrated       
,,central ,,acrostics4 ,centrals1       
,socrates4 ,cross-words3 #a4 snow,shoes4
 #b4 drag,on-fly4 #c4 chi,cken4 #d4     
ba,rns4 #e4 b,at4 #f4 a,te4 #g4 re,els4 
#h4 opo,ssum4  ,,egyptian ,,puzzle4     
,centrals1 ,memnon4 ,cross-words3 #a4   
,m4 #b4 g,em4 #c4 ca,mel4 #d4 ora,nges4 
#e4 croc,odile4 #f4 ,alexa,ndrian4      
,,cube4 ,from #a to #b1 imperial2 #b to 
#d1 lanneret2 #c to #d1 lapidist2 #a to 
#c1 immortal2 #e to #f1 schooner2 #f to 
#h1 rounding2 #g to #h1 hoveling2 #e to 
#g1 ,shadrach2 #a to #e1 ,iris2 #b to   
#f1 leer2 #d to #h1 tang2 #c to #g1     
lash4  ,,rimless ,,wheels4 ,i4          
,andersen4 ,from #a to #i1 ,anne2 #b to 
#i1 ,nile2 #c to #i1 dome2 #d to #i1    
,erie2 #e to #i1 rise2 #f to #i1 size2  
#g to #i1 edge2 #h to #i1 nine4 ,,ii4   
,farragut4 ,from #a to #i1 face2 #b to  
#i1 able2 #c to #i1 ripe2 #d to #i1     

rare2 #e to #i1 acre2 #f to #i1 gape2 #g
 to #i1 urge2 #h to #i1 type4           
,,diamond4 #a4 ,h4 #b4 ,jib4 #c4 ,judea4
 #d4 ,hidalgo4 #e4 ,belle4 #f4 ,age4 #g4
 ,o  ,,double ,,acrostic4 ,primals1     
,herrick2 finals1 ,shelley4             
,cross-words3 #a4 ,hardines,s4 #b4      
,embellis,h4 #c4 ,rational,e4 #d4       
,rehearsa,l4 #e4 ,identica,l4 #f4       
,carmelit,e4 #g4 ,knowingl,y4           
,,beheadings4 ,salmagundi4 #a4 ,s-ear4  
#b4 ,a-rid4 #c4 ,l-imp4 #d4 ,m-ope4 #e4 
,a-mid4 #f4 ,g-lad4 #g4 ,u-rim4 #h4     
,n-ail4 #i4 ,d-ram4 #aj4 ,i-ago4        
,,zigzag4 ,the ,atlantic ,cable ,landed4
 ,cross-words3 #a4 ,true4 #b4 s,how4 #c4
 gl,ee4 #d4 gal,a4 #e4 sa,te4 #f4 s,lap4
 #g4 ,atom4 #h4 o,nce4 #i4 la,te4 #aj4  
sem,i4 #aa4 ra,ce4 #ab4 a,che4 #ac4     
,arid4 #ad4 a,ble4 #ae4 hi,ll4 #af4     
hir,e4 #ag4 ha,le4 #ah4 h,ail4 #ai4     
,need4 #bj4 i,dea4 #ba4 st,ew4 #bb4     
ben,d4         99       99       99     
99       99  ,,to ,,our ,,puzzlers3 ,in 
sending answers to puzzles1 sign only   

your initials or use a short assumed    
name2 but if you send a complete list of
 answers you may sign your full name4   
,answers should be addressed to ,,st4   
,,nicholas ,riddle-box1 care of ,,the   
,,century ,,co41 #cc ,east ,seventeenth 
street1 ,new ,york ,city4  ,,answers    
,,to ,,all ,,the ,,puzzles ,,in ,,the   
,,june ,,number were received1 before   
,june #bj1 from ,maud ,e4 ,palmer--,jo  
and ,i--,maggie ,t4 ,turrill--,b4 ,l4   
,z4 ,bub1 ,no4 #a--,mamma and           
,fanny--,b4 ,l4 ,z4 ,bub1 ,no4          
#b--;,hazel--,san ,anselmo              
,valley--,shumway ,hen and              
,chickens--,d4 ,b4 ,shumway--,m4        
,margaret and ,e4 ,muriel               
,grundy--,carrie ,seaver and ,alice ,m4 
,young--,f4 ,w4 ,islip4  ,,answers ,,to 
,,puzzles ,,in ,,the ,,june ,,number    
were received1 before ,june #bj1 from   
,m4 ,l4 ,bosher1 #a--,marion ,strong1   
#a--;,grace ,a4 ,zublin1 #b--;,e4 ,v4   
,sudell1 #b--,prince and ,prancer1      
#a--,paul ,reese1 #ac--,r4 ,e4 ,b41     

#a--;,jas4 ,a4 ,bond1 #b--,nellie ,l4   
,howes1 #f--,t and ,coffee1 #a--,nanon  
and ,ninon1 #d--;,h4 ,r4 ,h41           
#a--,robert ,nead1 #c--,r4 ,earle       
,olwine1 #a--;,helen ,w4 ,gardner1      
#a--;,jack and ,jill1 #e--;,effie ,k4   
,talboys1 #g--,m4 ,clare ,h4 ,guion1    
#d--,karl ,e4 ,sommer1                  
#c--,silver-tongue1 #a--;,alice         
,blackinton1 #a--;,c4 ,f4 ,bishop1      
#c--,squid1 #e--;,dad1 #a--,the ,reads1 
#c--;,florence ,althaus1 #h--,no name1  
,cleveland1 #a--,no name1 ,oakdale1     
#ab--,may and #gi1 #g--,young ,man1     
#f--,tiger1 #b--,laura and ,irene1      
#g--;,e4 ,m4 ,b4 and ,a4 ,g4 ,b41       
#b--,mamie ,r41 #ac--,lucia ,c4         
,bradley1 #aa--,nellie and ,reggie1     
#aa--;,h4 ,lovejoy1 #i--;,jack ,sprat1  
#e--,kittie1 ,chessie1 ,avis1 and       
,grace1 #g--;,gen4 ,t4 ,hughes1         
#b--,smed1 #ab--;,helen ,burnham1       
#b--,patience1 #c--;,arthur and ,bertie 
,knox1 #h--,we1 ,us1  ,co41 #d--,mohawk 
,valley1 #aj--,pearl ,colby and ,nell   

,bates1 #aj--,louise ,joynes1           
#c--;,daisy ,van ,ingen1 #a--;,elise    
,ripley1 ,ripley1 #g--,lucy ,m4         
,bradley1 #aa--;,fred ,t4 ,pierce1      
#d--,sadie and ,bessie ,rhodes and ,de  
,grassy1 #aj--,original ,puzzle ,club1  
#ab--;,hattie ,weil1 #b--;,eleanor      
,peart1 #d--;,ida and ,edith ,m4        
,swamwick1 #g--,two ,cousins1           
#ac--,lewis ,kilborn1 #b--,langham1     
#b--;,dash1 #ab--;,eugene ,kell and     
,mamma1 #a4   ,,connected ,,pyramids4   
99            4  99  4         4  4  99 
4  4      4  4  4  99  4  4  4          
99            4  99  4         4  4  99 
4  4      4  4  4  99  4  4  4  ,,upper 
,,pyramid4 ,across3 #a4 ,in moping4 #b4 
,the cry of an animal4 #c4 ,relish4 #d4 
,a horseman's cap4 ,downward3 #a4 ,in   
moping4 #b4 ,to depart4 #c4 ,a small    
sweet-cake4 #d4 ,elapsed4 #e4 ,preyed   
upon4 #f4 ,a conjunction4 #g4 ,in       
moping4  ,,lower ,,pyramid4 ,across3 #a4
 ,in moping4 #b4 ,a period4 #c4 ,to pass
 through by filtering4 #d4 ,an          

old-fashioned ,spanish ship4 ,downward3 
#a4 ,in moping4 #b4 ,a musical syllable4
 #c4 ,a kind of fish4 #d4 ,spoken4 #e4  
,a unit4 #f4 ,a call to excite          
attention4 #g4 ,in moping4  ,centrals1  
reading downward 7eight letters71 a     
bucolic4                                
,,myrtle ,,green4   ,,cross-,,word      
,,enigma4      ,my first is in rise1 but
 not in fall2     ,my second in entry1  
but not in hall2     ,my third is in    
give1 but not in take2     ,my fourth is
 in pie1 but not in cake2     ,my fifth 
is in gun1 but not in toy2     ,my sixth
 is modest1 but not in coy2       ,my   
whole is easily found1 no doubt1--      
',tis a thing the world would scarce run
 without4                               
,,leland ,,stanford ,b4   ,,buried      
,,quadrupeds4  #a4 ,if you will give me 
the broken seal1 ,pa can replace it1 ,i 
am sure4 #b4 ,it would certainly be a   
very good idea to do so1 ,ethel4 #c4    
,the little black cub is only waiting   
for a chance to bite you4 #d4 ,i will   

not give her mine4 #e4 ,he gave them    
each a moist piece of preserved ginger4 
#f4 ,she did not encourage ,nettie to   
pursue her musical studies4 #g4 ,the    
parlor is already dusted1 and ready for 
our visitors4 #h4 ,how will a man1 in   
his position1 ever retrieve himself8 #i4
 ,i was there when ,lem urged his claim 
so persistently4 #aj4 ,did you ask if   
,pa could stop at the big grocery4 #aa4 
,pa can stop1 ,i am sure4 #ab4 ,i set   
out this shallow pan daily1 for the     
birds4 #ac4 ,at the sound of the        
familiar tap ,i ran to the window4 #ad4 
,did you call ,jack a lazy lad8         
,,paul ,r4 ,,pierce4   ,,diamond4  #a4  
,in alpaca4 #b4 ,chance4 #c4            
,pleasantry4 #d4 ,a thin fabric4 #e4    
,studied with an abstracted gaze4 #f4   
,to clear4 #g4 ,in alpaca4              
,,oe,,dipus4   ,,connected ,,squares4   
4  4  4  99  4  4  4      4  4  4  99  4
  4  4      4  4  4  99  4  4  4      99
  99  99  99  99  99  99      4  4  4   
99  4  4  4      4  4  4  99  4  4  4   

4  4  4  99  4  4  4  ,i4 ,upper        
,left-hand ,square3 #a4 ,a spring4 #b4  
,a nobleman4 #c4 ,surface4 #d4 ,to      
contrive4  ,,ii4 ,upper ,right-hand     
,square3 #a4 ,a scheme4 #b4 ,a slender  
cord4 #c4 ,small insects4 #d4 ,a snug   
abode4  ,,iii4 ,lower ,left-hand        
,square3 #a4 ,to devise4 #b4 ,erudition4
 #c4 ,artifices4 #d4 ,a snug place4     
,,iv4 ,lower ,right-hand ,square3 #a4 ,a
 collection of boxes4 #b4 ,a            
reverberation4 #c4 ,a pretense4 #d4 ,a  
small city4                             
,,sam ,,weller4   ,,double ,,acrostic4  
,my primals spell what every one is     
wishing for1 and my finals spell where  
it may come from4  ,,cross-,,words 7of  
equal length73 #a4 ,a bivalve           
shell-fish4 #b4 ,a ,russian feminine    
name4 #c4 ,to lend4 #d4 ,a prefix       
signifying half4 #e4 ,destitution4 #f4  
,a part sung by a female voice4 #g4 ,a  
part of speech4 #h4 ,a girl's name4     
,,oe,,dipus4   ,illustration            
,,numerical ,,enigma  ,i am composed of 

one hundred and twenty-one letters1 and 
form a four-line stanza by ,celia       
,thaxter4  ,my #cj-hg-gj-eh is joyous4  
,my #de-bj-ge-ag-ih-cd is a color4 ,my  
#fd-e-hi-ed is part of a bottle4 ,my    
#fg-di-hb-aa-i is an apparition4 ,my    
#ajb-be-gg-aah-ajg is a poor cottage4   
,my #ec-aac-hc-id-ch is an apartment in 
a ship4 ,my #he-bg-db-cc-aba-gc is to   
deter4 ,my                              
#fj-aad-hj-af-ig-ba-ef-ca-aae-ee is the 
science of ,egyptian antiquities4 ,my   
#aaj-ac-ib is part of a fish4 ,my       
#dj-ia-abj-ajc-ii is airy4 ,my          
#fb-a-ea-fi-bi-ajc-hf-g-ab is           
extraordinary4 ,my #bc-cb-eg-c-dg is to 
gather4 ,my #gi-fe-ad-if-dc-b is to     
loiter4 ,my #aaf-cf-ajh-ff-d-gh is to   
manifest4 ,my #f-fa-eb-ajd is to lash4  
,my #gd-aja-ei-aab-gb-aai-ej-hh is      
abased4 ,my #bf-gf-bd-aji is a fierce   
animal4 ,my #fh-ha-fc-bh-aag is to halt4
 ,my #dh-da-ah-ci-ajj is strong4 ,my    
#ic-dd-aj-ga is to be incandescent4 ,my 
#ij-cg-ai-ie is to draw or paint4 ,my   

#aaa-ce-bb-hd is secure4 ,my            
#ajf-h-df-ae is to impede4              
,,cornelia ,,blimber4   ,,double        
,,zigzag4      #a  99  99  99 #aa  99   
99  99     99  #b  99  99  99 #ab  99   
99     99  99  #c  99  99  99 #ac  99   
99  99  99  #d  99  99  99 #ad     99   
99  #e  99  99  99 #ae  99     99  #f   
99  99  99 #af  99  99     #g  99  99   
99 #ag  99  99  99     99  #h  99  99   
99 #ah  99  99     99  99  #i  99  99   
99 #ai  99     99  99  99 #aj  99  99   
99 #bj  ,,cross-,,words3 #a4 ,a very    
small cake4 #b4 ,having the quality of  
imbibing4 #c4 ,singular4 #d4 ,those who 
have charge of money4 #e4 ,a free gift4 
#f4 ,cleanses4 #g4 ,personal satires4   
#h4 ,destitute of pores4 #i4 ,to punish4
 #aj4 ,primitive4  ,the zigzag from #a  
to #aj spells the name given to a       
certain day in ,september2 from #aa to  
#bj1 the name of a dish eaten in        
,england on that day4                   
,,frank ,,snelling4   ,,rhymed          
,,word-,,square4      7#a47 ,a kind of  

meat4     7#b47 ,an odor sweet4         
7#c47  ,struggled1 strived1 contended4  
7#d47 ,last1 but not least4     7#e47 ,a
 ,persian priest4           ,and now my 
rhyme is ended4                         
,,katashaw4   ,,octagon4  #a4 ,a jump4  
#b4 ,pertaining to the pope4 #c4 ,a lip 
having a fissure like that of a hare4   
#d4 ,to act4 #e4 ,flattery4 #f4 ,a      
measure4 #g4 ,by means of4              
,,royal ,,tarr4   ,,beheadings4  #a4    
,behead to acknowledge with gratitude1  
and leave a bunch of yarn4 #b4 ,behead  
to frequent1 and leave a relative4 #c4  
,behead discloses1 and leave enclosures4
 #d4 ,behead a fine rain1 and leave land
 surrounded by water4 #e4 ,behead       
askant1 and leave oblique4 #f4 ,behead a
 large wave or billow1 and leave to     
incite4 #g4 ,behead very dark1 and leave
 attenuated4 #h4 ,behead to imbibe1 and 
leave a place of amusement4 #i4 ,behead 
fanciful1 and leave to distribute4 #aj4 
,behead a subterraneous canal1 and leave
 a pitcher4 #aa4 ,behead a mountain     

nymph1 and leave to peruse4 #ab4 ,behead
 the present occasion1 and leave        
formerly4  ,the beheaded letters will   
spell the name of an inventor4          
,,willie ,,and ,,cort4   ,,cross-,,word 
,,enigma4      ,you will find me in the 
orchard1 where the pears and apples     
grow2     ,i'm discovered in the clauses
 that the lawyers so well know2     ,i  
am found in every present that our      
loving friends bestow2     ,i am bound  
up in the caskets that will splendid    
jewels show2     ,i am seen within the  
patient who is sick of drugs and pills2 
,the planter carries me with him while  
riding o'er his hills2     ',mongst the 
letters of the ledgers ,i feel perfectly
 at home2     ,and from the muffins1    
sweet and fresh1 ,i never wish to roam2 
,the fairies hold me in their arms as   
through the air they fly2     ,and every
 scholar claimeth me as he at work will 
ply2     ,i take part in all the ballads
 that are sung by young and old2     ,i 
am portion of the denizen who roams the 

forests bold2     ,in thickets ,i'm not 
absent1 as you all must plainly see2    
,and my whole comes in ,september1      
filling farmers full of glee4           
,c4 ,d4   ,,triangular ,,prism4         
#a         4 4 4       4   4   4     #b 
4     #c     4     4     4     4     4  
4     4     4     4     4     4     4   
4     #d     4     4   4   4   4     4 4
       4 4     #e 4 4 4 4 4 #f  ,from #a
 to #b1 one of an ancient race of       
people2 from #a to #c1 a fragment2 from 
#b to #e1 a small bird of the titmouse  
family2 from #a to #d1 a form of        
instruction by means of questions and   
answers2 from #c to #f1 a snout or      
trunk2 from #d to #e1 to coin2 from #d  
to #f1 a collective body2 from #e to #f1
 a structure of cross-barred work4      
,,rose ,,madder4