99 99 99 99 99 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,transcriber's ,note3 ,inconsistent hyphenation and spelling in the original document has been preserved4 ,the ,errata at the end of the book have been incorporated into this e-book4 ,index entries referring to footnotes have been renamed to match footnote numbers in this document4 ,obvious typographical errors have been corrected4 ,for a complete list1 please see the end of this document4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,the ,life1 ,letters and ,work of ,frederic ,baron ,leighton ,of ,stretton ,,vol4 ,,ii ,i am a workman first1 and an official after4 --,,fred4 ,,leighton1 #ahhh4 ,es bildet ein ,talent sich in der ,stille1 ,doch ein ,character in dem ,strom der ,welt4 --,,goethe4 ,the ,life1 ,letters and ,work of ,frederic ,leighton ,,by ,,mrs4 ,,russell ,,barrington ,,author ,,of ,,reminiscences ,,of ,g4,f4 ,,watts1 ,,etc4 ,,etc4 ,,in ,,two ,,volumes ,,vol4 ,,ii ,,london ,,george ,,allen1 ,,ruskin ,,house #aijf ,all rights reserved ,printed by ,,ballantyne1 ,,hanson ,,co4 ,at the ,ballantyne ,press ,illustration3 ,,lord ,,leighton ,from the portrait by ,g4,f4 ,watts ,,contents ,,page ,,introduction #a ,,chapter ,i ,,first ,,studio ,,in ,,london1 #ahei-ahfc #cf ,,chapter ,,ii ,,illustrations ,,for ,,cornhill ,,magazine--,,fresco ,,for ,,lyndhurst ,,church--,,associate ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,academy--,,mrs4 ,,leighton',s ,,death1 #ahfc-ahfe #ia ,,chapter ,,iii ,,journeys ,,to ,,the ,,east--,,constantinople--,,smyrna--,,at hens--,,diary ,,up ,,the ,,nile ,,to ,,phylae1 #ahff-ahfi #abh ,,chapter ,,iv ,,royal ,,academician--,,music--,,arab ,,hall1 #ahfi-ahgh #ahh ,,chapter ,v ,,leighton ,,as ,,president ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,academy1 #ahgh-ahif #bbc ,,chapter ,,vi ,,life ,,waning--,,death1 #ahhg-ahif #cab ,,list ,,of ,,illustrations ,,volume ,,ii #a4 ,,portrait ,,of ,,lord ,,leighton 7,photogravure7 ,to face ,dedication ,by ,g4,f4 ,,watts4 #b4 ,,head ,,of ,,young ,,girl 7,colour7 ,to face page #a ,a wedding gift to ,h4,r4,h4 ,,the ,,prince ,,of ,,wales1 who graciously gave permission for the painting to be reproduced in this book4 #c4 ,,eucharis1 #ahfc 7,colour7 #i ,by kind permission of ,mrs4 ,,stephenson ,,clarke4 #d4 ,a ,,noble ,,lady ,,of ,,venice1 #ahff 7,photogravure7 #aj ,by kind permission of ,lord ,,armstrong4 #e4 ,,greek ,,girls ,,picking ,,up ,,shells ,,by ,,the ,,seashore1 #ahga #ah 7,photogravure7 ,by kind permission of the ,rt4 ,hon4 ,,joseph ,,chamberlain4 #f4 ,,portrait ,,of ,,mrs4 ,,sutherland ,,orr1 #ahfa #eg #g4 ,,pencil ,,sketch ,,for ,,michael ,,angelo ,,nursing ,,his ,,dying ,,servant1 #ahfb #ic ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #h4 ,,original ,,sketch ,,for ,,samson ,,wrestling ,,with ,,the ,,lion #id ,designed as an illustration for ,dalziel's ,bible4 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #i4 ,,original ,,drawing ,,for ,,the ,,great ,,god ,,pan1 ,,illustrating ,,mrs4 ,,browning',s ,,poem1 ,,musical ,,instrument #ajb ,in ,cornhill ,magazine1 ,july #ahfa4 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #aj4 ,,an ,,evening ,,in ,a ,,french ,,country ,,house1 ,,illustrating ,,mrs4 ,,adelaide ,,sartoris' ,,story1 ,a ,,week ,,in ,a ,,french ,,country ,,house1 ,,published ,,in ,,the ,cornhill ,magazine1 #ahfg #ajc ,by kind permission of ,messrs4 ,,smith1 ,,elder1 ,,co4 #aa4 ,,drifting4 ,,second ,,illustration ,,for ,,same #ajd #ab4 ,,lord ,,leighton #ajg ,photograph taken at ,lyndhurst1 #ahfc4 #ac4 ,,fresco ,,for ,,lyndhurst ,,church--,,the ,,wise ,,and ,,foolish ,,virgins1 #ahfd #aaa #ad4 ,,greek ,,girl ,,dancing1 #ahfg #abe ,by kind permission of ,mr4 ,,phillipson4 #ae4 ,,sketch ,,for ,a ,,pastoral1 #ahff #abe ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #af4 ,,sketch ,,in ,,oils--,,egypt 7,colour7 #aca #ag4 ,s4 ,,jerome4 ,,diploma ,,work1 #ahfi #ahh ,gallery in ,burlington ,house4 #ah4 ,,electra ,,at ,,the ,,tomb ,,of ,,agamemnon #ahi #ai4 ,,heracles ,,wrestling ,,with ,,death ,,for ,,the ,,body ,,of ,,alcestis1 #ahga #aij ,by kind permission of the ,,fine ,,art ,,society4 #bj4 ,,summer ,,moon1 #ahgb #aic ,by kind permission of ,messrs4 ,p4 ,d4 ,,colnaghi4 #ba4 ,a ,,condottiere1 #ahgb #aic ,the ,walker ,fine ,art ,gallery1 ,birmingham4 #bb4 ,,study ,,for ,,figure ,,in ,,frieze1 ,,music1 #ahhf #aic ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #bc4 ,,study ,,of ,,man',s ,,figure ,,for ,,the ,,arts ,,of ,,war1 #ahgb #aic ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #bd4 ,,study ,,of ,,man',s ,,figure ,,for ,,the ,,arts ,,of ,,war #aic ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #be4 ,,study ,,of ,,man',s ,,figure ,,for ,,the ,,arts ,,of ,,war1 #ahgb #aic ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #bf4 ,,antique ,,juggling ,,girl1 #ahgd 7,photogravure7 #aid ,by kind permission of ,mr4 ,,hodges4 #bg4 ,,clytemnestra ,,from ,,the ,,battlement ,,of ,,argos ,,watches ,,for ,,the ,,beacon ,,fires ,,which ,,are ,,to ,,announce ,,the ,,return ,,of ,,agamemnon1 #ahgd 7,photogravure7 #aid ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #bh4 ,,study ,,for ,,clytemnestra #aid ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #bi4 ,,study ,,for ,,summer ,,moon 7,colour7 #aid ,executed by moonlight in ,rome4 ,given by the late ,a4 ,,waterhouse1 ,r4,a41 to the ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #cj4 ,,the ,,daphnephoria1 #ahgf #aig ,by kind permission of the ,,fine ,,art ,,society4 #ca4 ,,at ,a ,,reading-,,desk1 #ahgg #aig ,by kind permission of ,messrs4 ,l4,h4 ,,lefevre ,,son4 #cb4 ,,original ,,study ,,for ,,an ,,athlete ,,struggling ,,with ,a ,,python1 #ahgf #aii ,given by the late ,g4,f4 ,,watts to the ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #cc4 ,,nausicaa1 #ahgh #bja #cd4 ,,study ,,for ,,group ,,in ,,the ,,arts ,,of ,,peace1 #ahgc #bjb ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ce4 ,,study ,,for ,,the ,,figure ,,of ,,cimabue1 ,,carried ,,out ,,in ,,mosaic ,,in ,,the ,,south ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,victoria ,,and ,,albert ,,museum1 #ahfh #bjc ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #cf4 ,,study ,,for ,,the ,,figure ,,of ,,niccola ,,pisano1 ,,carried ,,out ,,in ,,mosaic ,,in ,,the ,,south ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,victoria ,,and ,,albert ,,museum1 #ahfh #bjc ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #cg4 ,,sketch ,,of ,,the ,,prince ,,and ,,princess ,,of ,,wales1 ,,attended ,,by ,,lord ,,leighton1 ,,when ,,present ,,at ,a ,,monday ,,popular ,,concert ,,in ,,st4 ,,james',s ,,hall #baf ,drawn at the time by ,mr4 ,theodore ,blake ,wirgman4 #ch4 ,,portrait ,,of ,,sir ,,richard ,,francis ,,burton1 ,k4,c4,m4,g41 #ahgf #bah #ci4 ,,view ,,of ,,arab ,,hall1 #aijf #bba ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #dj4 ,,portrait ,,of ,,professor ,,giovanni ,,costa #bbb ,executed at ,lerici in #ahgh4 #da4 ,,elijah ,,in ,,the ,,wilderness1 #ahgi #bee #db4 ,,study ,,for ,,the ,,figure ,,of ,,elijah #bee ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #dc4 ,,neruccia1 #ahgi 7,photogravure7 #bee ,by kind permission of ,mrs4 ,c4,e4 ,,lees4 #dd4 ,,the ,,bath ,,of ,,psyche1 #ahij 7,photogravure7 #bee ,the ,tate ,gallery4 #de4 ,,the ,,light ,,of ,,the ,,harem1 #ahhj #bef ,by kind permission of the ,,leicester ,,gallery4 #df4 ,,drawing ,,of ,,complete ,,design ,,for ,,and ,,the ,,sea ,,gave ,,up ,,the ,,dead ,,that ,,were ,,in ,,it1 #ahib #bef #dg4 ,,study ,,for ,,music4 ,a ,,frieze1 #ahhf #bef ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #dh4 ,,study ,,for ,,andromeda1 #ahij #bef ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #di4 ,,study ,,from ,,clay ,,model ,,for ,,perseus1 #ahia #bef ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ej4 ,,study ,,for ,,phoenicians ,,bartering ,,with ,,britons #bef ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ea4 ,,cymon ,,and ,,iphigenia1 #ahhd 7,photogravure7 #bef ,the ,corporation of ,leeds4 #eb4 ,,sketch ,,in ,,oils ,,for ,,cymon ,,and ,,iphigenia 7,colour7 #bef ,by kind permission of ,mrs4 ,,stewart ,,hodgson4 #ec4 ,,study ,,for ,,sleeping ,,group ,,in ,,cymon ,,and ,,iphigenia #bef ,presented to the ,leighton ,house ,collection by ,g4,f4 ,,watts4 #ed4 ,,from ,,bronze ,,from ,,small ,,model ,,in ,,clay ,,by ,,lord ,,leighton ,,of ,a ,,sluggard1 #ahhf #beh ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ee4 ,,needless ,,alarms1 ,,from ,,bronze ,,statuette1 #ahhf #beh ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ef4 ,,the ,,last ,,watch ,,of ,,hero1 #ahhg #bei ,corporation of ,manchester4 #eg4 ,,sketch ,,in ,,oils ,,for ,,tragic ,,poetess1 #ahij 7,colour7 #bei ,by kind permission of ,mrs4 ,,stewart ,,hodgson4 #eh4 ,,atalanta1 #ahic #bfa ,by kind permission of the ,,berlin ,,photographic ,,co4 #ei4 ,,flaming ,,june1 #ahie #bfa ,by kind permission of ,mrs4 ,,watney4 #fj4 ,,study ,,for ,,flaming ,,june #bfa ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #fa4 ,,fatidica1 #ahid #bfa ,by kind permission of ,messrs4 ,t4 ,,agnew ,,sons4 #fb4 ,,studies ,,for ,,fatidica #bfa ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #fc4 ,,memories1 #ahhc #bff ,by kind permission of ,messrs4 ,p4 ,d4 ,,colnaghi4 #fd4 ,,the ,,jealousy ,,of ,,simoetha ,,the ,,sorceress1 #ahhg #bff #fe4 ,,letty1 #ahhd 7,colour7 #bff ,by kind permission of ,mrs4 ,,henry ,,joachim4 #ff4 ,,studies ,,from ,,dorothy ,,dene ,,for ,,clytie1 #ahie #bfh ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #fg4 ,,sketch ,,in ,,oils ,,for ,,greek ,,girls ,,playing ,,at ,,ball1 #ahhi 7,in ,colour7 #bgd ,by kind permission of ,mrs4 ,,stewart ,,hodgson4 #fh4 ,,bacchante1 #ahib 7,photogravure7 #bhg ,by kind permission of ,messrs4 ,,henry ,,graves ,,co4 #fi4 ,,sketch ,,in ,,oils ,,for ,,bacchante 7,colour7 #bhg ,by kind permission of ,mrs4 ,,stewart ,,hodgson4 #gj4 ,der ,winter #cjd ,drawing by ,,eduard ,,von ,,steinle4 #ga4 ,,sketch ,,in ,,oils ,,for ,,solitude 7,colour7 #caj ,by kind permission of ,mrs4 ,,stewart ,,hodgson4 #gb4 ,,summer ,,slumber1 #ahid 7,photogravure7 #caf ,by kind permission of ,mr4 ,,phillipson4 #gc4 ,,sketch ,,for ,,summer ,,slumber #caf ,presented to the ,leighton ,house ,collection by ,h4,m4 ,,the ,,king4 #gd4 ,,the ,,fair ,,persian1 #ahif #cbd ,by kind permission of ,sir ,,elliott ,,lees4 #ge4 ,,the ,,spirit ,,of ,,the ,,summit1 #ahid #ccd #gf4 ,,study ,,for ,,lachrymae1 #ahie #cce ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #gg4 ,,clytie1 #ahif #ccf ,by kind permission of the ,,fine ,,art ,,society4 #gh4 ,,memorial ,,monument ,,in ,,st4 ,,paul',s ,,cathedral ,,to ,,frederic ,,baron ,,leighton ,,of ,,stretton #cdj #gi4 ,,view ,,of ,,hall ,,and ,,staircase ,,of ,,leighton ,,house1 ,,given ,,by ,,lord ,,leighton',s ,,sisters ,,to ,,the ,,public ,,as ,a ,,memorial ,,to ,,their ,,brother #cdj ,by kind permission of ,mr4 ,j4 ,,harris ,,stone4 ,illustration3 ,,head ,,of ,,young ,,girl ,wedding present from ,lord ,leighton to ,h4,r4,h4 the ,prince of ,wales1 who has graciously allowed the painting to be reproduced in this book ,,the ,,life ,,of ,,lord ,,leighton ,,introduction ,,sir ,,william ,,richmond1 ,r4,a41 and ,mr4 ,walter ,crane have kindly contributed the following notes3-- ,it was in #ahfj that ,i first knew ,leighton4 ,we met over affairs connected with the ,artist ,rifle ,corps at ,burlington ,house1 and afterwards at the studios of various artists1 where discussions took place regarding the formation and means of conduct of the ,corps4 ,on several occasions ,i walked home with ,leighton to his house in ,orme ,square4 ,i don't think ,i have ever known a man who grew more steadily than ,leighton did4 ,the effort of his artistic life was to remove the effects of a certain mannerism and over-education in his early artistic life4 ,his knowledge was wonderful1 his powers of design without immediate consultation with ,nature were phenomenal2 he feared the facility in himself and went always to ,nature1 that out of her manifold gifts he should be inspired directly by them4 ,and this constant study had its drawbacks as well as its merits1 because in one sense it stood in the way of the development of an abstract power of invention4 ,if ever an artist made the most of his conscious abilities1 ,leighton did4 ,his character was so curiously simple on the one hand1 and so complicated on the other1 that a balance between a very emotional and extremely accurate temperament had to be found1 and it was found4 ,how far a certain charm of spontaneity was obscured a little1 perhaps by erudition and a sort of ,aristotelian preciseness1 it is not for me to say4 ,there is in all things a balance which1 when once obtained1 reduces the weight in both scales4 ,but we must take a life as it has been made by circumstances1 by early training and after influences2 and probably most men who are in earnest1--and ,leighton was pre-eminently in earnest1--find their proper issue finally4 ,that the best of ,leighton's work will live1 ,i am convinced2 that it will hold its own when a great deal of other work praised1 admired1 even worshipped during the life of his contemporaries shall be dead1 ,i feel quite assured2 and one may very justly be asked--,why8 ,the simple answer is that it was thorough1 definite1 sincere1 accomplished4 ,leighton never put out his hand towards the limbo of vulgarity or fashion4 ,like ,virgil1 like ,mendelssohn1 ,leighton was a stylist1 and his life's work showed a perfection of attainment upon the lines which he drew out for his progress almost to my thinking unrivalled in the work of any of his contemporaries4 ,here and there he struck a deep note of poetry1 here and there he was like a ,greek for his simplicity1 here and there his work shows the luxury of the ,venetians1 the restraint of the ,florentines1 but never perhaps the majesty of ,m4 ,angelo or the strong charm of ,raphael4 ,his art was eclectic2 still it was ,leighton1 and could have been done only as the result of great natural gifts1 assiduous study1 force of character1 and1 withal1 independence of vision4 ,his love of beauty was his own personal love1 not learnt1 hardly perhaps inherited1 but spontaneous and lasting4 ,this devotion to beauty may have sometimes led his emotions away from character1 which sometimes is very nearly ugly as well as very nearly allied to the highest beauty1 which ,bacon says has always something of strangeness in it4 ,the pursuit of beauty1 per se1 may be purchased at the expense of character4 ,but ,leighton was always pulling himself up2 and when he found himself too facile1 too ornate1 he resolutely set his mind to correct any tendency in that direction by fidelity to ,nature1 sometimes even to her ugly movements4 ,excess was not in his nature1 which was curiously logical2 his mind was swift1 far-seeing2 in debate he was admirable1 always seeing the weak point of an argument at once1 and partie pris was his abomination4 ,a man so gifted in the essence and laws of form1 so learned in the construction of the human frame1 so deeply sensitive to line and movement as well as to structure1 surely would have given to the world great works of sculpture4 ,indeed he did1 but not enough6 ,one regrets that--still one must accept the fact that form is but little cared for in this country1 and ,leighton sinned by reason of his love of form2 by many he was called not a painter because he did not smear1 did not trust to accidents1 did not leave works half done--because he was sincere to his conviction that a work of art must be1 to last1 complete ad unguem4 ,the present craze for incompleteness1 for sketches instead of pictures1 for unripe instead of ripe fruit1 must die as all false notions die2 the best1 the rightest will live2 and when the present ephemeral fashion has worked itself out1 the nobility of ,leighton's works1 his best1 are certain to take their place in the estimation of those that know as surely as that they are good4 ,how many out of the multitude really1 if we could test them1 care one jot for the ,elgin ,marbles1 for the ,demeter of ,knidos1 for the vault of the ,sistine ,chapel8--very few4 ,really great things never can be accepted by the commonplace4 ,how should they be8 for to understand the highest in music1 in architecture1 sculpture1 or painting1 the observer or listener must have a spark in his constitution which is a portion of the flame that burned white heat in the soul of the conceiver4 ,how can such an attitude of intimate sympathy belong to the many8 ,it never has1 and probably never will4 ,great men are rare1 and those who are mentally or organically made to comprehend them are rare also4 ,the great can afford to wait because they are immortal4 ,in all one's dealings with ,leighton what did one find8 a noble nature1 restrained1 charitable1 in earnest2 and if in many discussions as to the desirability of certain events1 certain compromises1 certain acts of conformity1 one did not agree with ,leighton1 one knew au fond that the attitude was quite logical1 not hastily arrived at1 and the position taken up was to be strenuously held3 and it was that power of consistency which made ,leighton so trustworthy4 ,he was fearless when his principles were touched1 he was loyal to his associates in the ,academy even if he did not see eye to eye with them1 and he was loyal to his art and to his friends4 ,if ,leighton had chosen politics for his career he would probably have been ,prime ,minister1 just as ,burne-,jones might have been ,archbishop of ,canterbury had he continued his early and very remarkable theological studies4 ,all really great men have endless possibilities4 ,it is more or less chance which decides the direction of ability1 which1 once discovered1 forcibly1 dominantly present1 must find opportunities for its highest development and achievement in the tenure of the goal4 ,it was ability and natural gifts that made ,leighton great1 industry that nourished his greatness1 and stability to principle which made it lasting in his lifetime1 and must for all time stamp his work4 ,the thing that really engages one's interest about a great man is not so much his technique as his general disposition and character1 which forms for itself a suitable technique by which his achievements have been manifested4 ,should any one by-and-by describe the technique of ,joachim1 the supreme violinist1 he would probably interest a few1 but in reality he would say nothing really valuable1 excepting inasmuch as he touched upon first principles4 ,the modus operandi of an artist's life is moulded by his personal aims1 the means are those by which he found his own way of stating them2 and one doubts very much if1 after all1 the points which differentiate one man's work from another's are not those which have obliterated the conscious efforts1 preserving just the touches which genius gives beyond and above all laws that may be learnt4 ,verse no doubt is much dependent for its beauty on the system of the arrangement of syllables1 and the music they make when harmoniously handled upon the final perfection which they reach1 and so become rule-making instead of being the result of rule-following4 ,hence lies that unaccountable beauty which is the inexplicable result of the ego--that taste1 that selection1 that special word which creates an impression immediately1 and which seems inimitable even1 and obviously the only one which could have been used2 that is style--the very essence of the ego which cannot be copied1 or indeed again brought into relation with the idea4 ,and isn't that the reason why the copy of a picture can never be really like an original8 even if the technique is identical1 it lacks that last touch1 that last word which transcends tradition1 almost transcends thought1 for it is just the thought which has been summed up in a moment of inspiration1 uncalculated1 spontaneous4 ,leighton was far too wise a man to believe in the constant recurrence of inspirations3 he knew that the moment when the whole spirit is ready to act is involuntary2 he knew that to reach the supremacy of that moment1 labour was necessary2 that in labour is the foundation of the building for that moment of inspiration4 ,one may question if the first vision in ,leighton was very strong--strong as ,blake's1 strong as many artists whose powers of attainment were much less than ,leighton's1 but whose vision was clearer at the outset4 ,rougher minds than ,leighton's have produced more epic effects1 and a ruder1 less accomplished technique has borne with it more original1 more trenchant ideas4 ,leighton was not a mystic2 he dealt with thoughts which he embodied in forms that he saw1 but which he also made his own in their application2 that was his genius of originality4 ,the rugged verse of ,a,eschylus had no place in his temperament1 much as he admired it2 the polished diction of ,virgil bore more similitude to ,leighton's inspiration4 ,sometimes one missed in his work just the touch of the rugged which would have given more grace by comparison1 by contrast4 ,his grace of diction1 his oratory1 his writing1 was sometimes over-refined1 and missed its mark by over-elaboration4 ,the very speciality of ,leighton was completeness4 ,one has seen pictures in his study only half finished1 which had a charm of freshness that vanished as each portion became worked into equal value4 ,but that fastidiousness was his characteristic1 it was part of him2 and therefore we must not deplore it4 ,his originality was exemplified by his power of taking pains1 his power of will to do his very best according to his guiding spirit of thoroughness4 ,temperaments are so different4 ,whistler could not be ,leighton4 ,because we admire the one1 it is not necessary to decry the other2 that is weak criticism1 or rather none at all4 ,the spirit which inspires the impressionist is not the spirit of design1 but a limited observation in a very restricted area4 ,we can have the ,academic as well as the ,impressionist3 both are useful as foils to each other1 and it is just as narrow of the ,impressionists to want all men to see nature and art as they see them1 as it has been for the ,academics to see nothing in the newer if more limited system4 ,i believe that ,leighton's real love was early ,italian art2 all that came to him after was the result of growth4 ,his enthusiasm for ,mino da ,fiesole1 for the earlier ,raphaels1 for ,duccio of ,siena1 for ,lorenzetti1 was evident and absorbing2 other enthusiasms were more branches from the stem than its roots4 ,he loved line2 he found it there3 he loved restraint of action1 pure sensuous beauty2 he found it in early ,italian ,art4 ,the reserve of emotions touched him in ,greek ,art--its suavity1 its almost geometrical precision1 the tunefulness and melody of its rhythmical concords4 ,his love of music was on the same lines3 ,wagner never appealed to him as ,mozart did2 it was too strenuous1 too busy in changes of key1 too incomplete in the finish and development of phrases4 ,it was not that he liked dulness--not a bit2 he was emotional1 often gay1 often depressed--excitable even2 but to him ,art was an intellectual more than a purely emotional system1 and he liked it to be finished1 consistent1 perfect--and those qualities he strove for1 without a doubt he obtained in a high measure4 ,it will be long before we see again the like of ,frederic ,leighton1 a man complete in himself4 ,w4,b4 ,,richmond4 ,june #aijf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i first met ,leighton about #ahfi or '#gj1 ,i think4 ,i went to one of his receptions at the ,studio in ,holland ,park ,road1 at the time he was showing his pictures for the ,academy4 ,i think his principal work of that year was ,alcestis1 or ,heracles ,wrestling with ,death4 ,about the same time ,browning's poem of ,balaustion's ,adventure appeared1 in which he alludes to ,leighton and this very picture in the lines beginning3 ,i know a great ,kaunian painter 7if ,i remember rightly74 ,i availed myself of a friend's introduction1 and presented myself4 ,one recalls the courteous and princely way in which he received his guests on these occasions1 and the crushes he had at his studio--,holland ,park ,road blocked with carriages1 and all the great ones of the ,london world flocking to see the artist's work4 ,about this time1 or shortly before1 he had done me the honour to purchase two landscape studies ,i had made in ,wales from among a number in a book1 which was shown him by my early friend ,george ,howard 7now ,earl of ,carlisle71 and ,i remember his kind words in sending me what he deemed the very modest price ,i had asked for them4 ,his kindness to students and young artists was well known4 ,he would take trouble to go and see their work1 and he was always an admirable and helpful critic4 ,i remember1 on my first visit to ,rome in the autumn of #ahga 7on our marriage tour71 going into ,piali's ,library one evening to look at the ,english papers4 ,no one was there1 but presently ,leighton came in4 ,he did not remember me at first1 but ,i recalled myself to him4 ,he was very kind1 in his princely way1 and gave me introductions to ,w4,w4 ,storey1 the sculptor1 and his great friend1 ,giov4 ,costa1 and he called at our rooms to see my work1 in which he showed much interest4 ,in a letter ,i had1 dated ,march #ast1 #ahgb1 written from the ,athenaeum ,club1 he speaks of some drawings ,i had sent to the ,dudley ,gallery1 one he had seen on my easel in ,rome1 and he says3 ,i have seen your drawings1 all three--one was an old friend2 of the other two1 the ',grotto of ,egeria1' with its 'sacrum numes1' most attracted me through its refined and sober harmony4 ,the quality of your light is always particularly agreeable to me1 and not less than usual in these drawings2 he goes on to say he is glad to hear ,i have made friends with my excellent ,costa1 who as an artist is one in hundreds1 and as a man one in thousands2 he adds1 ,have you sketched in the ',valley of ,poussin'8 ,it strikes me that old castle would take you by storm4 ,i saw ,leighton again in ,rome in #ahgc1 meeting him on the ,palatine1 among the ruins of the ,palace of the ,caesars4 ,he was with a lady who1 ,i believe1 was the author of the story published in ,the ,cornhill1 ,a ,week in a ,french ,country ,house1 for which ,leighton made an illustration4 7,his black and white work was always very fine1 and ,i recall seeing some of his drawings on the wood for ,dalziel's ,bible and ,romola47 ,later1 he came to see us when we settled in ,london1 in ,wood ,lane4 ,i had further relations with him about the time he was building the ,arab ,hall1 when 7through ,george ,aitcheson1 his architect7 ,i designed the mosaic frieze4 ,on some sketches ,i made for this he writes3 ,cleave to the ,sphinx and ,eagle1 they are delightful--,i don't like the duck-women4 ,with regard to these ,arab ,hall mosaics1 he said that he hoped to have more1 and eventually to let us loose 7,burne-,jones and myself7 on the dome4 ,after this1 ,i saw something of ,leighton on the committee of the ,south ,london ,fine ,art ,gallery1 ,peckham1 in its earlier days1 when he was chairman1 and helped to pilot the institution from the somewhat exacting proprietorship of its founder towards its ultimate position as a public institution4 ,from the aristocratic point of view1 he certainly had a keen sense of public duty1 and probably laid the motto ,noblesse oblige to heart4 ,i met him again at the ,art ,conference at ,liverpool1 when a trainful of artists of all ranks went down together1 and some notable attacks were made on the ,royal ,academy4 ,leighton was tremendously loyal to that institution1 which ,i notice is always stoutly defended by its members1 whatever opinions they may have expressed while outsiders4 ,i suppose we differed profoundly on most questions1 but he was always most courteous1 and1 whatever our public opinions1 we always maintained friendly personal relations2 and ,i may say ,i always entertained the highest admiration for ,leighton's qualities1 both as an artist and as a man4 ,at the time when the election for the presidency of the ,academy was in view 7after the death of ,sir ,francis ,grant71 it was said that ,leighton was the only man1 and that if they did not elect him the institution would go to pieces2 but probably as president he had less power of initiative than before4 ,i remember1 after one of our committees at his studio1 he drove me home to ,holland ,street in his victoria2 and as he set me down at my door1 he pointed to a little copper lantern ,i had put up over the steps1 and said1 ,is that ,arts and ,crafts8 ,his fondness for ,italy was well known1 and ,i think he went every autumn4 ,i recall meeting him at ,florence in #ahij1 while staying at the delightful villa of ,mrs4 ,ross 7,poggio ,gherardo71 when he came to luncheon4 ,in death he was as princely as in life2 and on the day of his burial at ,st4 ,paul's ,i was moved to write the following as a tribute to his memory1 which will always be vivid in the hearts of those who had the privilege of his friendship3-- ,beneath great ,london's dome to his last rest ,the princely painter have ye borne away1 ,who still in death upholds his sumptuous sway2 ,who strove in life with learned skill to wrest ,art's priceless secret hid in ,beauty's breast ,with alchemy of colour and of clay1 ,to recreate a fairer human day1 ,touched by no shadow of our time distrest4 ,what rank or privilege needs art supreme-- ,immortal child of buried states and powers-- ,who can for us the golden age renew8 ,let worth and work bear witness when life's hours ,are numbered3 honour due1 when1 as we deem1 ,to his ideal was the artist true4 ,,walter ,,crane4 ,illustration3 ,,eucharis4 #ahfc ,by permission of ,mrs4 ,stephenson ,clarke 99 99 99 99 99 ,having settled in ,england in #ahfj1 ,leighton found that there1 contrary to his expectations1 his sense of colour became developed2 and with this his individuality as a painter asserted itself4 ,between the years #ahfc and #ahff he painted pictures which proved that1 as a distinct artificer in painting1 he had found himself1 and was no longer under the controlling influences of ,german or ,italian ,art1 though1 unfortunately1 hints of ,german methods in the actual manipulation of his brush clung more or less to his painting to the end4 ,from boyhood ,leighton's power of designing1 his sense of beauty in line and form and of dramatic feeling1 his extraordinary facility in drawing with the point1 proved his genius as an artist2 but it was not till the early sixties that his pictures proved him to be possessed of individual distinction as a painter1 probably because the method of handling the brush associated with the teaching which1 in other respects1 commanded his reverence and admiration1 were alien to his finest artistic sense4 ,no later works are to be found more notable in luminous quality of painting than ,eucharis1 #ahfc1 and ,golden ,hours1 #ahfd2 none in strength and solidity of texture1 or in beauty of distinguished handling1 than ,a ,noble ,lady of ,venice1 about #ahfe2 none in richness of arrangement combined with the fair aerial atmosphere appropriate to a ,grecian scene1 for which ,leighton had so native a sympathy1 than ,a ,syracusan ,bride ,leading ,wild ,beasts in ,procession to the ,altar of ,diana1 #ahff4a ,later works may claim a greater public prominence among his achievements1 but for actual individuality and feeling for the beauty which appealed most strongly to ,leighton in colour as in form1 none he painted after evinced any fresh departure4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,noble ,,lady ,,of ,,venice4 #ahff ,by permission of ,lord ,armstrong ,as early as #aheb1 at the age of twenty-one1 ,leighton wrote to ,steinle from ,venice3 ,i must candidly confess that great as my admiration for ,titian 7 ,co47 was1 yet the well-known art treasures here have seized me and entranced me anew4 ,you1 dear master1 are so familiar with all these things that there is nothing ,i can write you about them2 but on one point ,i am fairly clear1 namely1 that the admirers and imitators of ,titian 7particularly the latest7 seek his charms quite in the wrong place1 and ,i am convinced that the impressiveness of his painting lies far less in the ardour of his colouring than in the stupendous accuracy and execution of the modelling4 ,in another letter to ,steinle he refers to the necessity of mastering the capacities of the brush in order to render form in a complete manner independently of the function of the brush to render colour4 ,those who place the brush behind the pencil1 under the pretence that form is before all things1 make a very great mistake4 ,form is certainly all important2 one cannot study it enough2 but the greater part of form falls within the province of the tabooed brush4 ,the everlasting hobby of contour 7which belongs to the drawing material7 is first the place where the form comes in2 what1 however1 reveals true knowledge of form1 is a powerful1 organic1 refined finish of modelling1 full of feeling and knowledge--and that is the affair of the brush 7,pinsel74 ,in ,january #ahfj ,leighton wrote to ,steinle3 ,you will perhaps be surprised1 but1 in spite of my fanatic preference for colour ,i promised myself to be a draughtsman before ,i became a colourist1 and in fact ,leighton was fighting1 throughout his whole career1 against allowing the sensuous qualities in his art to override those which the teaching of ,steinle had proved to his nature to be the most truly elevating and ennobling4 ,up to the age of thirty he had been overshadowed by the influence of others in the matter of actual technique in painting4 ,from the time he settled in ,london he freed himself from the tutelage of all masters4 ,as we have read in his letters1 his intention was to do so in #ahef when he painted ,the ,triumph of ,music2 but at that time he failed in finding his real self in his painting of that picture1 and fully realised that he must reculer pour mieux sauter1 returning in the autumn of that year to ,rome to be fed by the greatest art of the past1 and to study again1 face to face with ,nature--to follow it1 to watch it1 and to copy1 closely1 faithfully1 ingenuously--as ,ruskin suggests1 choosing nothing and rejecting nothing4 ,the studies of a ,pumpkin ,flower 7,meran71 ,branch of ,vine 7,bellosquardo71 ,cyclamen 7,tivoli71 reproduced in ,chapter ,,iii41 and others1 were made during this autumn of #ahef4 ,in a letter written to ,mr4 ,m4 ,spielmann1 a few years before his death1 ,leighton describes the procedure he pursued in accomplishing a serious work4 ,in my pictures1--which are above all decorations in the real sense of the word1--the design is a pattern in which every line has its place and its proper relation to other lines1 so that the disturbing of one of them1 outside certain limits1 would throw the whole out of gear4 ,having thus determined my picture in my mind's eye1 in the majority of cases ,i make a sketch in black and white chalk upon brown paper to fix it4 ,in the first sketch the care with which the folds have been broadly arranged will be evident1 and if it be compared with the finished picture1 the very slight degree in which the general scheme has been departed from will convince the spectator of the almost scientific precision of my line of action4 ,but there is a good reason for this determining of the draperies before the model is called in2 and it is this4 ,the nude model1 no matter how practised he or she may be never moves or stands or sits1 in these degenerate days1 with exactly the same freedom as when draped2 action or pose is always different--not so much from a sense of mental constraint as from the unusual liberty experienced by the limbs to which the muscular action invariably responds when the body is released from the discipline and confinement of clothing4 ,the picture having been thus determined1 the model is called in1 and is posed as nearly as possible in the attitude desired4 ,as nearly as possible1 ,i say2 for1 as no two faces are exactly alike1 so no two models ever entirely resemble one another in body or muscular action1 and cannot1 therefore1 pose in such a manner as exactly to correspond with either another model or another figure--no matter how correctly the latter may be drawn4 ,from the model make the careful outline on brown paper1 a true transcript from life1 which may entail some slight corrections of the original design in the direction of modifying the attitude and general appearance of the figure4 ,this would be rendered necessary probably by the bulk and material of the drapery4 ,so far1 of course1 my attention is engaged exclusively by 'form1' colour being always treated more or less ideally4 ,the figure is now placed in its surroundings1 and established in exact relation to the canvas4 ,the result is the first true sketch of the entire design1 figure1 and background1 and is built up of the two previous ones4 ,it must be absolutely accurate in the distribution of spaces1 for it has subsequently to be 'squared off' on to the canvas1 which is ordered to the exact scale of the sketch4 ,at this moment1 the design being finally determined1 the sketch in oil colours is made4 ,it has been deferred till now1 because the placing of the colours is1 of course1 of as much importance as the harmony4 ,this done1 the canvas is for the first time produced1 and thereon ,i enlarge the design1 re-draw the outline--and never departing a hair's-breadth from the outlines and forms already obtained--and then highly finishing the whole figure in warm monochrome from the life4 ,every muscle1 every joint1 every crease is there1 although all this careful painting is shortly to be hidden with the draperies2 such1 however1 is the only method of insuring absolute correctness of drawing4 ,the fourth stage completed1 ,i return once more to my brown paper1 re-copy the outline accurately from the picture1 on a larger scale than before1 and resume my studies of draperies in greater detail and with still greater precision1 dealing with them in sections1 as parts of a homogeneous whole4 ,the draperies are now laid with infinite care on to the living model1 and are made to approximate as closely as possible to the arrangement given in the first sketch1 which1 as it was not haphazard1 but most carefully worked out1 must of necessity be adhered to4 ,they have often to be drawn piecemeal1 as a model cannot by any means always retain the attitude sufficiently long for the design to be wholly carried out at one cast4#b ,this arrangement1 is effected with special reference to painting--that is to say1 giving not only form and light and shade1 but also the relation and 'values' of tones4 ,the draperies are drawn over1 and made to conform exactly to the forms copied from the nudes of the underpainted picture4 ,this is a cardinal point1 because in carrying out the picture the folds are found fitting mathematically on to the nude1 or nudes1 first established on the canvas4 ,the next step then is to transfer the draperies to the canvas on which the design has been squared off1 and this is done with flowing colour in the same monochrome as before over the nudes1 to which they are intelligently applied1 and which nudes must never--mentally at least--be lost sight of4 ,the canvas has been prepared with a grey tone1 lighter or darker1 according to the subject in hand1 and the effect to be produced4 ,the background and accessories being now added1 the whole picture presents a more or less completed aspect--resembling that1 say1 of a print of any warm tone4 ,in the case of draperies of very vigorous tone1 a rich flat local colour is probably rubbed over them1 the modelling underneath being1 though thin1 so sharp and definite as to assert itself through this wash4 ,certain portions of the picture might probably be prepared with a wash of flat tinting of a colour the opposite of that which it is eventually to receive4 ,a blue sky1 for instance1 would possibly have a soft1 ruddy tone spread over the canvas--the sky1 which is a very definite and important part of my compositions1 being as completely drawn in monochrome as any other of the design2 or1 for rich blue mountains a strong orange wash or tint might be used as a bed4 ,the structure of the picture being thus absolutely complete1 and the effect distinctly determined by a sketch which it is my aim to equal in the big work1 ,i have nothing to think of but colour1 and with that ,i now proceed deliberately1 but rapidly4 ,so far ,leighton explained the conscious processes he went through in creating his pictures2 but does this explanation record truly the real agencies which brought about the result we see in his finest achievements8 ,i should say no1--most emphatically no4 ,where we can trace the sign of these processes1 there the picture fails in the power of convincing4 ,no such process produced ,eucharis nor the ,syracusan ,bride4 ,the process may have been gone through in painting the procession1 but it is obliterated by touches instinct with a true painter's inspiration4 ,all teachable qualities ,leighton could teach on the lines of soundest principles4 ,his extreme modesty left others to find out that where his preaching left off the real work began in his own pictures4 ,no one knew better than ,leighton that no theoretic knowledge ever made an artist2 no teachable processes ever made a beautiful picture2 no one knew better that head without heart never produced any work that was truly cared for4 ,god forgive me if ,i am intolerant1 he wrote to ,steinle1 but according to my view an artist must produce his art out of his own heart2 or he is none4 ,the chord that wakes in kindred hearts a tone1 ,must first be tuned and vibrate in your own were the words with which he ended his first address to the students of the ,royal ,academy4 ,in the world's estimate of things and people1 classification plays at times a pernicious part4 ,classification in art matters may be tolerated as useful only in the education of the non-artistic4 ,invariably the most convincing touches escape the possibility of being reduced to so dull a process of reckoning4 ,art marked by individual spontaneity1 emanating from the ego of the artificer1 refuses to be levelled down into a class4 ,critics seem at times to be strongly tempted to fit an artist's achievements into certain classes1 because they have previously made up their minds as to the class the work belongs to4 ,hence the perversion often of even an intelligent critic's estimate3 certain squarenesses exist which will not fit into round holes1 so1 for the sake of classification1 the corners must be shaved off4 ,surely no artist ever existed who evaded being comfortably fitted into either a square or a round hole more completely than did ,leighton4 ,every serious work he undertook was an entirely separate performance from any previous invention--a new venture throughout--and1 once decided on1 carried through with absolute conformity to the original conception4 ,therefore any classification1 beyond his mere method of working1 is more sterile in producing a just estimate of ,leighton's art than of those workers who are in the habit of painting pictures in which the same motive recurs4 ,essentially original in his conceptions as in his aims1 and vibrating with receptiveness1 he sounded nevertheless every impression he received by unchanging principles adhered to as implicit guides4 ,he had within him at once the steadiest rock as a foundation1 and the most fertile of serial growths on the surface4 ,abiding rock and surface flora alike had had their earliest nurture1 it must be remembered1 in foreign parts1 under other skies than that of our veiled ,english light--under other influences of nature and of art than that of our ,english climate and schooling--and it is partly owing to this fact that it is not realised by those who have never seen nature under the aspects which most delighted him1 that ,leighton's conceptions were directly and invariably inspired by nature4 ,those who are conversant with ,italy and other ,southern countries will possess the key to much that is misjudged by others in ,leighton's work4 ,scenes which entranced his sensibilities as a boy1 and1 lingering ever in his fancy1 gave subjects for his paintings when his art was mature1 may appear to one without special knowledge of the ,south as mere echoes of classic art4 ,when he was thirty-one ,leighton exhibited the picture ,lieder ohne ,worte4#c ,it is no record1 probably1 of any particular place1 nor of any particular fountain2 but when strolling on a road in or near a southern town or village in ,italy1 a view which might originally have inspired the motive may be seen at any moment4 ,encased in a wall near ,albano is a fountain which certainly recalled to me the picture as1 in the bright light of a ,may morning1 the song of nightingales in the grand foliage of overhanging magnolia trees echoed the sound of the water springing from the glistening lip1 and flowing over the clean curve of the marble basin into the trough below4 ,there was the same lion's head which served as spout1 the same arrangement of ornament encircling it2 also a finely shaped pitcher placed below to catch the water1 and--more recalling than any detail--was the echo of the real motive of the picture--the dream-like poetry of the sunlit scene1 with the musical accompaniment of trickling water4 ,had ,leighton painted a ,discobolus1 it would probably never have occurred to most ,english critics that nature and living action had inspired the work4 ,above the lake of ,albano is a road--the ,upper ,gallery--where every day are to be met men playing the game4 ,any one watching it may see repeated over and over again the action in the well-known statue4 ,nature inspired the creations of the great ancients1 and it was also invariably first-hand impressions from nature that inspired ,leighton's creations1 whatever superstructure of learning he added in the course of their development4 ,living in ,italy when his feelings were most sensitive to impressions1 the origin of the suggestions he imbibed is to be found in her atmosphere1 colouring1 and the scenes which surrounded him when his imagination was most free and fertile4 ,later1 when he lived in ,england1 his travels in ,italy and ,greece supplied him with the subjects for the most beautiful sketches he made direct from nature4 ,no one1 ,i believe1 has ever painted the luminous quality of white1 as it is seen under heated sunlight in the ,south1 with the same charm as ,leighton4 ,the sketches he made of buildings in ,capri#d are quite marvellously true in their rendering of such effects4 ,he made equally beautiful studies of mountains and sea1 under the rarefied atmosphere of ,greece4 ,he seemed always happiest1 ,i think1 when the key of his pictures and sketches was light and sunlit2 in such pictures1 for instance1 as ,winding the ,skein1 ,greek ,girls ,picking up ,shells by the ,seashore1 ,bath of ,psyche1 ,invocation1 and others remarkable for their fairness and their light1 pure tone4 ,leighton's sympathies were adverse to the more sensuous qualities in painting4 ,often1 in discussing the works by ,watts1 he would strongly discourage those who were1 he considered1 unduly influenced by the charm of the great painter's quality and texture1 from endeavouring to aim at it in their own work4 ,such a treatment1 ,leighton maintained1 might be legitimate as the natural expression of the intuitive genius of one gifted individual1 but was not the treatment to copy by the student on account of any intrinsic merit4 ,he had almost an aversion to any process which obtained effects through roughness and inequality of surface4 ,his genuine youthful predilection1 which he retained consistently throughout his life1 was for the early ,italian art and ,italian method of painting al fresco4 ,to see the old ,florentine school again is a thing which always enchants me anew1 for one can never be sated with seeing the noble sweetness1 the child-like simplicity1 allied with high manly feeling1 which breathes in it4 ,but ,i speak to you of plain things which you know far better than ,i4--7,letter to ,steinle from ,florence1 #aheg47 ,illustration3 ,,greek ,,girls ,,picking ,,up ,,shells ,,by ,,the ,,seashore4 #ahga ,by permission of ,the ,right ,hon4 ,joseph ,chamberlain ,after ,leighton became ,president of the ,royal ,academy he made ,perugia his halting-place for some weeks during his autumn travels1 while he wrote his biennial discourses for the students4 ,he invariably stayed at the well-known ,brufani ,hotel1--,mrs4 ,brufani1 with whom he made great friends1 always reserving the same two rooms for him1 from the windows of which he could watch the sun set behind the glorious piles of ,umbrian mountains to the west of ,perugia4 ,from these windows he also made sketches in silver point of the distant ranges1 each form modelled with exquisite delicacy and perfection1 though in faintest tones4 ,other inmates of the ,brufani supposed he lived in his two rooms1 as he was seldom seen elsewhere in the hotel2 but ,leighton had found a restaurant which1 like his old quarters in ,rome--the ,cafe ,greco--was the resort of the artists living in ,perugia4 ,there he would lunch1 and then repair to the ,sala del ,cambio4 ,sitting on the raised seat near the window1 he would1 day after day1 spend an hour or more revelling in the beauty of the frescoes by ,perugino4 ,then he would mount to the ,pinacoteca and take a deep draught of enjoyment from the tempera paintings of ,perugino's master1 ,benedetto ,bonfiglio1 ,leighton's favourite of favourites 7,they are all my ,bonfigli6 he would exclaim71 whose angels' aureoles rest on wreaths of roses1 and whose lovely work ,perugia seems to have monopolised4 ,the old paintings of ,martino1 ,gentile da ,fabiano1 ,pietro da ,foligno1 and their followers ,leighton also loved1 likewise the later work of ,bernardino ,pinturicchio and ,lo ,spagna1 pupils with ,raphael of ,perugino4 ,among his greatest favourites were the painted banners--the ,gonfalone--which are peculiar to the ,umbrian cities4 ,he loved the freshness of their quality--the result of a first painting never retouched--the masterly ease of the workmanship1 full of tender1 gracious beauty4 ,these days were ,leighton's real holidays1 where1 in rapturous admiration of the art he loved so profoundly1 he put behind him for the time the weight of official responsibility1 and the no less exhausting social duties of his life4 ,had ,leighton been able to devote himself to the method of painting in fresco1 and to work in a warm1 dry climate1 which admits of painting into the wet surface of plaster without danger of the wall retaining the moisture1 he would1 undoubtedly1 have felt a freer impulse to work rapidly and more spontaneously than when his touch was controlled by the complicated procedures in oil painting4 ,in the process of painting al fresco1 colour1 in a sense1 models itself--its absorption into the wet plaster softening the edges of one touch into another2 hence1 over a first painting no half obliteration is necessary1 and any elaborate finish is avoided4 ,being obliged to complete before the plaster was dry1 ,leighton could not have yielded to the temptation to over-refine his surface2 and his splendid power as a draughtsman1 allied to his sense of beauty1 would have found a perfectly spontaneous1 happy utterance4 ,as a boy he had imbibed one great principle1 and from this principle he never deviated4 ,he wrote1 ,the thoroughness of all the great masters is so pervading a quality that ,i look upon them all as forming one aristocracy4 ,in his sketches alone did ,leighton relax from the strain which absolute thoroughness involves2 and then1 in all the fervour of aesthetic inspiration1 colour would fly on canvas1 chalk or paper1 with a charm of quality and exquisite grace of line and form which1 as ,mr4 ,briton ,riviere remarks1 is the very best that can be obtained from a great artist thoroughly trained1 but which condition ,leighton would never admit into what he considered his serious work4 ,he writes to his father from ,rome1 ,january #ahec3 ,i was deeply impressed with the glorious works of art ,i saw in ,venice and ,florence1 and was particularly struck with the exquisitely elaborate finish of most of the leading works by whatever master2 the highest possible finish combined with the greatest possible breadth and grandeur of disposition in the principal masses4 ,art with the old masters was full of love1 refined1--sterling4 ,leighton formed his standard from these old masters1 and never for a moment allowed his standard to be replaced by another4 ,in certain types of ,englishmen chivalric loyalty develops at times into obstinacy4 ,leighton1 with all his passion for ,italy1 his artistic sensitiveness1 his excitability1 his finely wrought nervous temperament1 and his intense power of sympathy1 had also in his blood something of the old ,english ,tory1 which made him adhere and remain loyal to the strongest impressions of his youth4 ,catholic and generous as he always proved himself to be when it was a question of considering the work of others1 when he was considering his own he ever maintained absolute consistency with the tenets of his early illuminations4 ,speaking of his extraordinary sense of duty and the consequent tension involved1 ,mr4 ,briton ,riviere writes3-- ,no doubt the constant wear and tear occasioned by the perpetual strain of mental and physical watchfulness did much to shorten his life2 ,i think it sometimes injured his own work as an artist1 because1 though a great artist can never be evolved except by years of patient work and strenuous effort to do his very best always1 yet1 on the other hand1 it is often the happy1 easy work and absolutely spontaneous effort of the moment by such a hand which is his very best4 ,such happy1 easy work probably ,leighton would seldom allow himself to do1 and never would leave at the right moment1 but would still strive to make better and more complete4 ,he must still elaborate it and try to make it more perfect2 and this it was that made his enthusiastic admirer ,watts sometimes say1 ',how much finer ,leighton's work would be if he would admit the accidental into it4' ,a fact1 little suspected by the public1 certainly affected the element of strength in some of ,leighton's works4 ,besides often suffering from a positive want of health1 his normal physical condition was far from robust2 and1 as appears in his letters1 he suffered much through weakness and irritation in the eyes from the time he was a boy4 ,he did not wear his physical 7or any other7 distress on his sleeve1 and experienced many hindrances in his work never dreamt of1 even by his intimate acquaintances4 ,these might not have been so serious had he been willing to sacrifice all other duties in life to his own special vocation2 but though he realised that ,art1 the language of beauty1 was his main passion1 his conscience would not allow him to make this passion an excuse for avoiding help to his generation on other lines1 if he distinctly felt he could do so4 ,in the happiest of surroundings1 with his life unburdened by public responsibilities1 he painted ,cimabue's ,madonna2 and1 for pure vigour in the manipulation1 this painting has a robust quality which is scarcely to be found in any other of the larger works which followed1 though these may possess many other virtues1 and evince a more definite individuality1 than does the early work4 ,leighton's art appeals to the artists 7comparatively few in ,england7 possessed of cosmopolitan culture--also to many who love beauty1 a sense of refined distinction in feeling and in form and in the arrangement of line4 ,beyond these it appeals also to the great public outside the radius of specialists1 a public which is impressed by a sense of beauty and achievement without possessing the knowledge of experts4 ,it is not much cared for by the disciples of either of the latest schools in ,england1 and in ,france1 which have governed fashion in the matter of taste for the last twenty years4 ,in the first place1 it appeals but little to those to whom the highest province of art appears to consist in conveying didactic sentiments and poetic ideas through a language of form and colour--to suggest thought to the brain rather than beauty to the eye4 ,respecting this theory of the province of art1 ,leighton expresses himself clearly in his second address to the ,royal ,academy students in ,december #ahha3-- ,now the language of ,art is not the appointed vehicle of ethic truths2 of these1 as of all knowledge as distinct from emotion1 though not necessarily separated from it1 the obvious and only fitted vehicle is speech1 written or spoken--words1 the symbols of ideas4 ,the simplest spoken homily1 if sincere in spirit and lofty in tone1 will have more direct didactic efficacy than all the works of all the most pious painters and sculptors from ,giotto to ,michael ,angelo2 more than the ,passion music of ,bach1 more than a ,requiem by ,cherubini1 more than an ,oratorio of ,handel4 ,it is not1 then1 it cannot be the foremost duty of ,art to seek to embody that which it cannot adequately present1 and to enter into a competition in which it is doomed to inevitable defeat4 ,that so great a painter as ,watts should have taken a contrary view1 and preached this contrary view as that which inspired his own conscious aims1 was quite sufficient to secure to it many adherents4 ,he preached his doctrine1 moreover1 with a most convincing argument1 but one which cannot logically be used in favour of it1 namely1 his own great genius as a painter4 ,watts was essentially a painter--one who at his best ranks with the best painters of all times4 ,mr4 ,arthur ,symons1 writing on ,the ,psychology of ,watts1#e quotes a popular preacher who affirmed that ,critics who approach his 7,watts'7 work from the side of technical excellence do not interest him at all4 ,his endeavour has been to make his pictures as good as works of art as was possible to him1 for fear that they should fail altogether in their appeal2 but1 beyond that1 their excellence as mere pictures is nothing to him4 ,now1 writes ,mr4 ,symons1 it is quite possible that ,watts may have really said or written something of the kind2 he may even1 when he set himself down to think1 have thought it4 ,the conscious mental processes of an artist have often little enough relation with his work as art2 by no means is every artist a critic as well as an artist4 ,but to take a great painter at his word1 if he assures you that the excellence of his pictures 'as mere pictures' is nothing to him2 to suppose seriously that at the root of his painting was not the desire to paint2 to believe for a moment that great pictorial work has ever been done except by those who were painters first1 and everything else afterwards1 is to confuse the elementary notions of things1 hopelessly and finally4 ,and so1 when we are told that the technical excellence of ,watts' pictures is of little consequence1 we can but answer that to the 'painter of earnest truths1' as to all painters1 nothing can be of more consequence2 for it is only through this technical excellence that ',hope1' or ',the ,happy ,warrior1' or ',love and ,life1' is to be preferred to the picture leaflet which the district missionary distributes on his way through the streets4 ,all who knew ,watts intimately and watched him working day by day can testify that he spared no labour1 time1 or patience1 in working over and over on a picture in order to attain the finest quality in the actual surface which his material--paint--could possibly produce4 ,neither the disciples of the original brotherhood of the pre-,raphaelites nor those of ,burne-,jones care1 as a rule1 for ,leighton's art4 ,though starting as one with the pre-,raphaelites1 ,burne-,jones1 possessing a remarkably fine intellect1 a subtle fancy1 a rich inventiveness in the detail of design1 an exquisite sense of grace1 and great genius as a colourist1 developed so distinct an individuality that his followers cannot be precisely identified with those of the pre-,raphaelites4 ,leighton fully appreciated the genius of ,burne-,jones1 and did all in his power to secure his adherence to the ,academy2 but he had no sympathy for that feeling in art evinced by ,burne-,jones' followers1 which is so essentially rooted in purely personal moods that even distortion of the human frame is condoned1 so long as prominence is given to the suggestion of such moods4 ,imbued with a rare1 peculiar refinement all its own1 a kind of aesthetic creed sprang up in the later days of the nineteenth century apart from the arid soil of commonplace respectability and tasteless materialism4 ,burne-,jones painted it1 ,kate ,vaughan danced it1 ,maeterlinck wrote it1 the ,souls 7rather unsuccessfully7 attempted to live it1 the humourists caricatured it1 the ,philistines denounced it as morbid and unwholesome4 ,leighton was tolerant and amused1 but could not be very solemn over it4 ,and1 assuredly1 already this creed has been whisked away into the past by fashions diametrically opposed to it in character4 ,its text may be found in ,melisande's reiterated refrain1 ,i am not happy--though the unhappiness does not seem ever to have been of the nature of the iron which entered into the soul1 but rather the shadow of sadness1 adopted with the idea that such a condition betokens a more rare and tender grace than the radiance of joy can give4 ,every mood of the subjective has been lately in fashion in aesthetic circles1 and is still rampant in much of the up-to-date 7or down-to-date1 as it may be7 conditions of the present taste4 ,this is probably consequent on the leadership of those artists who possessed not only genius and sense of beauty1 but a peculiar charm of texture in their work which seems a native adjunct to certain temperaments4 ,it is a purely personal manner1 and crops up without reference apparently to any special school of art4 ,in ,sodoma we find it allied to a development of the splendid completeness of ,italian ,art2 again in the ,celt1 ,watts1 to a lofty imagination and to a ,pheidian sensibility for noble form2 it appears in the work of the ,jew1 ,simeon ,solomon2 and is an element in ,burne-,jones' lovely quality of painting especially noticeable in his water-colour drawings--and1 on a smaller scale of workmanship1 in the pictures by ,pinwell4 ,it is more a matter of quality than of colour1 and yet it is only colourists who have possessed it--most obviously1 however1 where the key of colour is restrained almost to monochrome4 ,a hint of it can be found in ,tintoretto's paintings1 where few positive tints are prominent1 as in some of the ceiling paintings in the ,ducal ,palace at ,venice4 ,there is a something which this special handling suggests which possesses a very subtle charm1 the charm of dreamland1--less tangible1 less real than direct appeals from nature4 ,a slight mystery seems to veil the vision like a reflection swayed by the surface of the water4 ,it is less explicit than any real object1 and only suggests completion without quite achieving it2 there is something left out from the aspect of nature1 something added from the ego of the artist4 ,there are those to whom such a treatment suggests a deeper truth than can any wholly explicit expression1 because they feel forcibly that mystery is the soul of all earthly conditions--we see through a glass darkly4 ,there are others--and ,leighton was among these--who are so strongly imbued with a sense of the wonderful and marvellous in actual creation that they need no art1 no veiled suggestion of the hidden1 in order to realise that our lives are wrapped in mystery from the cradle to the grave4 ,this quality in painting alluded to1 fits in with that taste in literature which prefers hints to assertions--that insistency on the value of what is1 after all1 but a fugitive phase in special temperaments--that setting most value on the principle of suggestion rather than of definition1 of which we hear so much4 ,the devotees of ,maeterlinck delight in the shadow of a thought rather than the thought arrete2 they feel that a further stage of refined culture is reached in worshipping a style you have to get somehow behind1 rather than one in which thoughts are fully and frankly expressed4 ,doubtless it requires a more subtile weapon to catch the fleeting aroma1 the hint of a thought trembling in the brain and giving it permanent existence in ,art1 than to carve the expression of a complete idea explicitly with cameo-like precision1 be it in the form of words or a visual impression--the wise sayings of a ,solomon or a ,bacon1 the sculpture of a ,pheidias or the painting of a ,leonardo da ,vinci4 ,the actual visible facts in the aspects of nature1 which were of such entrancing interest to ,leighton1 become of less and less interest to the wide public as the human intelligence is trained more and more through books1 less and less through the eye2 our modern conditions making the world we live in1 more and more ugly and uninspiring to the echoing tune of nature within us4 ,even if we recede into the depths of the country1 we find the signs all round us of the sense of beauty being deadened1 the revulsion against ugliness having ceased--corrugated iron supplanting thatched roofing1 and the loveliest1 most rural spots in ,england year after year newly deprived of some special charm they have possessed for centuries4 ,those who seek for beauty have been led to find it in the unreal--the things which might be1 but are not4 ,we cannot help it1 but we certainly become more artificial as our civilisation becomes more complicated1 and everything we see around us grows uglier4 ,it is because the general public has so little genuine interest in ,art or love of beauty1 however great may be its professions1 that the tendency has developed to care for the art which appeals rather to the mind and the aesthetic sensibilities generally1 than to the actual vision4 ,this reign of the subjective has brought in its train the undue monopolising of the world's most ardent interest in one passion4 ,french novels of great literary power secured to it the monopoly in ,france1 and magnates in aesthetic culture have grafted it on to our ,english taste4 ,this strongest and most beautiful feeling in human nature has been so monotonously forced upon us in literature a tort et a travers--the assumption that this is the only feeling worth serious consideration has been dwelt on with such a tiresome pertinacity--it has been so often caricatured1 so often debased in books and pictures1 that even the real thing itself runs a danger of palling4 ,this human passion may be the greatest1 but it is not the only great feeling with which the lives of men and women are enriched2 and surely the absorbing prominence which has been given to it latterly in literature is out of proportion with its real position in healthy lives4 ,little sympathy seems left for other deep and stirring emotions4 ,in ,leighton's art we find no monopoly of this kind either recorded or suggested4 ,he painted the passion of lovers in the ,paolo and ,francesca1 but with no more sincere interest than he did other feelings2 than1 for instance1 his fervent and reverent worship of art in ,cimabue's ,madonna1 or in the ecstasy of joy in the child flying into the embrace of her mother in ,the ,return of ,persephone1 or in the exquisite tender feeling of ,elisha breathing renewed life into the ,shunammite's son1 or in that sense of rest and peace after struggle in the lovely figure of ,ariadne when ,death releases her from her pain2 or in the yearning for that peace in the ,king ,david3 ,oh that ,i had wings like a dove6 for then would ,i fly away and be at rest4 ,as the climax of nature's loveliest creations ,leighton treated the human form with a courageous purity4 ,in his undraped figures there is the same total absence of the mark of the degenerate as there is in everything he did and was2 no remote hint of any double-entendre veiled by aesthetic refinement1 any more than there is in the ,bible1 the ,iliad1 or in the sculpture of ,pheidias4 ,to quote lines that were written about ,leighton very shortly before his death3-- ,there is truly to be traced in the feeling of his art that 'seal on a man's work of what is most inward and peculiar in his moods'2 the sign of individual intimate preferences and of the moving power which certain aspects of beauty have had upon the artist's innermost susceptibilities1 though these may be somewhat veiled and distanced by being translated through the reserved form of a classic garb4 ,perhaps it is this reserve which invests ,sir ,frederic ,leighton's art with the special aroma of poetry which ,robert ,browning found in it to a greater extent than in any other work of his time4#f ,whether in his larger compositions1 in the complicated grouping of many figures1 such as the ,cimabue picture being led in procession through the streets of ,florence1 the ',daphnephoria1' ',heracles struggling with ,death1' the ',andromache1' the ',cymon and ,iphigenia1' and others2 or those simpler compositions1 such as the ',summer ,moon1' ',wedded1' ',the ,mountain ,summit1' ',the ,music ,lesson1' ',sister's ,kiss1' in all can be traced the sentiment of a poet inspiring the touch2 not overriding by any assertiveness of sentiment the complete scheme of the picture1 but lingering here and there with a wistful loveliness which has to be sought for within the barriers of the formal classic design4 ,and it is this reticence in the expression of individual sentiment1 this subduing it to the larger conditions of a more abstract style of art which1 though it will never make ,sir ,frederic ,leighton's work directly popular1 gives to it a quality of distinction4 ,in such reticence is an element of greatness which probably will only be duly appreciated when the more transient moods of thought in the present generation have passed4 ,his work lacks altogether the sentimental1 brooding-over-self quality1 which1 when allied to genius1 is contagious1 and gives an interest of a subtle1 but perhaps not altogether wholesome kind to some of the best work of this era4 ,and again after his death3-- ,beauty of every kind played on a very sensitive instrument1 when it made an appeal to his nature1 giving him very positive joy3 no complication of subtle interest beyond the actual influence being required before a responding echo was sounded1 because so pure and innocent was this joy he had in the charm of beauty2--so also attendant on his personal influence1 there was no power of mesmerism1 nor of the black arts4 ,in every direction it was healthy and bracing4 ,even a ,nordau could have discovered no remotest taint of the degenerate6 ,it is the emotions which art suggests outside itself which have been viewed by one school as more interesting than art itself1 and it is the sensuous qualities in painting--colour and texture--which are the visible agents1 and convey more readily these suggestions of emotions in our northern temperaments than do beautiful lines and forms4 ,our northern temperaments also love symbolism and mysticism1 therefore are apt to favour the art that meets a veiled condition of things2 and the perfection of complete finish in nature's form is no longer held up as a standard for the student to aim at4 ,leighton had no sympathy with the artificial1 neither had he any with the shadow put in the place of the substance4 ,the actual was ever sufficient for him1 for in nature herself he never failed to find sufficient inspiration4 ,the mind of the ,creator in matter is what the ingenuous artist temperament searches for and is inspired to record2 whereas it is1 on the one hand1 phases of human moods1 selections from human passions1 good1 bad1 and indifferent1 which are made to saturate the feeling in much of our modern art1 or1 on the other hand1 aspects of nature's moods given without the framework of her structure1 and without the detail of her perfection4 ,it may be argued1 however1 that there are among the most beautiful effects in nature those which are not fully distinct to the sight--the shimmering iridescence on a shell1 where one colour is seen sparkling against another through a film1 or the waving branches of a willow1 the liquid shifting of a flowing stream1 or the endless effects of cloud and mist in a northern sky4 ,to express this in paint requires an appropriate treatment in the manipulation of the pigment itself4 ,watts' theory was that you have to unfinish the record of certain facts in order to render the truth of the whole fact 7see also ,steinle's criticism on ,leighton's head of ,vincenzo1 #ahed74 ,he would1 therefore1 film his painting over with a scumble of white1 and only partially repaint the surface1 in order to get at that whole truth which includes the bloom of atmosphere and the veil of northern mists4 ,leighton is thought at times to have erred on the side of explicitness1 and the texture of his surface is apt undoubtedly to lack the vibrating quality which carries with it a beauty of its own4 ,this is partly accounted for by the fact that he had imbibed the rudiments of his teaching in a school whose followers were not sensitive to the finest qualities in oil painting1 but also probably from his extreme desire to give expression to his sense of the intense finish in nature4 ,doctrinaires of the very latest fashion in art insist that nothing comes legitimately within the province of the pictorial1 except the impression of nature transmitted to the physical organ detached from memory1 experience1 and mind4 ,by this faction the eye is treated solely as a machine4 ,sound as may be the doctrine that art has nothing to do with what the eye cannot see1 or with those facts which experience alone teaches us are there1 it is also no less true that the human eye sees1 according to its intuitive power of transmitting to the brain1 the different component parts of the actual object of its vision4 ,it was no knowledge of anatomy which enabled ,pheidias to see every subtilty of form in the human figure with consummate insight--any more than it was a knowledge of the laws of the flow and ebb of the tides1 which enabled ,whistler to give an actual sense of the swaying surface of the waves in ,valparaiso ,bay2 again1 it was no knowledge of botany which enabled ,leighton and ,millais to reproduce the structure of plants so perfectly1 that they evoked unmitigated admiration as botanical studies from so high an authority on botany as ,sir ,w4,c4 ,thistleton ,dyer4 ,we may be told that what we really see is only the relation of tone1 of light and shadow2 but the fact that the architecture of the whole visible world1 the meaning-full construction of all things that nature builds1 is being constantly realised by our sight1 makes the truth of this theory at least doubtful4 ,that our eye cannot discern these natural objects without light goes without saying2 further1 that light and shadow shape the forms to be rendered by the brush is also true3 but the assertion that what we see is only light and shade playing upon form1 is shutting the door on another equally obvious truth4 ,the eye1 gifted with a natural sense of form1 records ingenuously to the brain the sense of projecting and receding planes1 the foreshortening of masses1 the straightness1 slant1 or curve in a surface or in a line4 ,a complete and exhaustive result may be achieved in a painting through this sense of form1 as in the work of ,van ,eycke and of ,leonardo da ,vinci2 or a shorthand record may be made1 as in that of ,phil ,may's sketches4 ,but we feel that in both the sense of the whole form has been felt4 ,however1 volumes would not exhaust the arguments for and against the so-called impressionist's view of art2 so-called--but surely a term unfortunate and misleading1 and in nowise explanatory4 ,every touch a true artist ever puts upon canvas is a record of an impression--whether that impression comprises the structure1 light and shade1 true colour and tone1 all combined1--or only certain surface qualities extracted from its entirety and enforced so that the most obvious appearances start into relief1 giving doubtless a sense of vitality to a work1 but remaining nevertheless only a partial record of the object4 ,needless to say1 ,leighton sought to record his impressions of nature in their entirety1 and this necessitated a balancing of their component attributes4 ,the startling element is never found in his art4 ,he viewed the influence of art as one which should perfect the life of every class2 should purify in all directions the debasing elements of materialism and self-interest2 should put zest and gratitude into the hearts of all men and women who can see and feel1 by awakening a sense of the perfection and beauty of nature1 art forming an explanatory and illuminating link between her and mankind--a translation of her perfection transmitted with all reverence by the artificer2--a perfecting beautiful pinnacle in the erection and development of a noble human being4 ,no words could better describe ,leighton's high endeavour in training his own mind and those whom he tried to influence1 than the following1 written by ,lord ,acton and quoted by his friend1 ,sir ,m4 ,grant ,duff4#g ,if ,i had the power1 writes ,sir ,m4 ,grant ,duff1 ,i would place upon his monument the words which he wrote as a preface to a list of ninety-eight books he drew up1 and about which he still hoped to read a paper at ,cambridge when he wrote to me on the subject last autumn4 ',this list is submitted with a view to assisting an ,english youth1 whose education is finished1 who knows common things1 and is not training for a profession1 to perfect his mind and open windows in every direction2 to raise him to the level of his age1 so that he may know the forces that have made the world what it is1 and still reign over it2 to guard against surprises and against the constant sources of errors within2 to supply him both with the strongest stimulants and the surest guides2 to give force and fulness1 and clearness and sincerity1 independence and elevation1 generosity and serenity to his mind1 that he may know the method and lay of the process by which error is conquered and truth is won1 discerning knowledge from probability and prejudice from belief2 that he may learn to master what he rejects as fully as what he adopts2 that he may understand the origin as well as the strength and vitality of systems1 and the better motives of men who are wrong2 to steel him against the charm of literary beauty and talent1 so that each book1 thoroughly taken in1 shall be the beginning of a new life1 and shall make a new man of him4' ,in a like spirit ,leighton sought to arrive at viewing art2 and what ,lord ,acton sought to effect by the general culture of men's minds and natures through reading1 ,leighton sought to effect in his special vocation by inducing other artists to study all that was greatest in ,art from a wide and unprejudiced point of view--making it their own1 so to speak1 by thoroughly realising and appreciating the qualities in it which make it great4 ,each true masterpiece in ,art1 he urged1 should be thoroughly taken in1 and should be the beginning of a new effort4 ,on the other hand1 he sought to make the student learn to master what he rejects as fully as what he adopts1 that he may understand the origin as well as the strength and vitality of systems1 and the better motives of men who are wrong4 ,his desire was to guide art into the current of the world's best interests--the current in which good literature is so forcible an agent--on the highest1 broadest1 most catholic lines4 ,he endeavoured to do so by his example as a working artist1 by his ,discourses1 by his labours for the public in every direction where the ,art of his country was concerned1 and more directly by his influence on those with whom he personally came in contact4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,this picture has1 ,i believe1 unfortunately left the country4 ,it was suggested by a passage in the second ,idyll of ,theocritus3 ,and for her1 then many other wild beasts were going in procession round about1 and among them a lioness4 ,sketches for portions of the picture and the squared tracing for the complete design can be seen in the ,leighton ,house ,collection4 ,the full-length portrait of ,mrs4 ,james ,guthrie was exhibited the same year as this second processional picture1 which appeared on the walls of the ,academy eleven years after the ,cimabue's ,madonna4 ,the head of the central figure1 the ,bride1 ,leighton painted from ,mrs4 ,guthrie4 ,the following charming letter from ,mrs4 ,norton1 the most notable of ,sheridan's three beautiful daughters1 refers to this picture3-- #c ,,chesterfield ,,street1 ,april #i4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,leighton1--,i was so amused by the little grandson's observation on the picture that ,i cannot help writing about him4 ,i asked him what he thought of it8 ,he said1 ,oh6 it was beautiful6 but you told me it would be beautiful--,mr4 ,leighton was like a man in a story6 you did not look so much at him as ,carlotta and ,i did1 but ,i suppose you have seen him before1 and you did not seem to pity the little panther6 ,there was1 in the picture1 a little young puppy panther1 and one of the young brides was coaxing it so tenderly1 and looking down at its head2 and she was one of the prettiest and kindest looking of all the brides 7it was the side of the picture furthest from the screen72 and ,i could not help thinking1 ',ah1 my poor little panther6 you little know when the brides get into that temple1 and she gets married1 how she'll forget all about you1 and get coaxing other things1 her husband and her children'2 and ,i felt quite sorry for the panther4 ,so spoke my grandson 7just as ,i felt sorry for the cripple beggar74 ,now1 as ,i am quite sure no one else will take this view of what is the principal interest in your glorious procession of youth and hope1 ,i thought it as well to let you know1 that you might give that little panther his due importance 7a little leopard1 ,i think he is71 and not suppose him a subordinate accessory6 ,that whole procession was tinged with mournfulness in ,richard ,norton's eyes for that little leopard's sake4 ,i shall see that ,dream of ,fair ,women again in the ,exhibition1 and admire it1 as ,i did to-day1 in a crowd of other admirers1 ,i know4 ,i do not mind the crowd4 ,i see over them and under them1 and through them1 when there is anything so worth being eager about4--,believe me meanwhile1 yours very truly1 ,,caroline ,,norton4 #b ,in a letter from ,leighton to his mother1 the following sentence occurs3--,will you please explain to him 7his father7 that ,i am not going to model the drapery of my figures1 but the figures themselves to lay the drapery on1 as my models could not fly sufficiently long for me to draw them in the act2 it is of course a very great delay1 but the result will amply make up for the extra trouble1 ,i hope4 #c ,the picture has left the country1 but sketches of the complete design are among those in the ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #d ,lent by ,lady ,wantage to the ,exhibition1 in ,leighton ,house1 of the smaller works and sketches in #aijc4 #e ,outlook1 ,july #aeth1 #aije4 #f ,when standing with me before ,leighton's picture ,wedded in the studio ,robert ,browning exclaimed1 ,i find a poetry in that man's work ,i can find in no other4 #g ,the ,late ,lord ,acton4 ,the ,spectator1 ,july #e1 #aijb4 ,,chapter ,i ,,first ,,studio ,,in ,,london #ahei-ahfc ,in #aheh ,leighton was represented on the ,royal ,academy walls by two pictures1 ,the ,fisherman and the ,syren--a subject from ,goethe's ballad1 ,half drew she him1 ,half sunk he in1 ,and never more was seen-- and by a scene from ,romeo and ,juliet1 both small canvases painted in ,rome and in ,paris4#h ,leighton at this time received an encouraging letter from ,robert ,fleury1 from whom he had learned much3-- ,que parlez vous de reconnaissance1 mon cher ,monsieur ,leighton8 de l'amitie je le veux bien1 et je recois1 a ce titre seulement1 le dessin que vous m'avez envoye4 ,ne me suis je pas fait plaisir en vous reconnaissant du talent et en vous rendant la justice qui vous est due8 si vous m'avez donne l'occasion de vous faire part de ma vieille esperance n'est ce pas une preuve de l'estime que vous faites de mes conseils8 ,puisque vous m'offrez genereusement votre amitie1 je l'accepte de bien bon coeur1 et votre petit dessin me restera comme un gracieux souvenir de vous4 ,,robert ,,fleury4 ,,paris1 le #ah ,mars #aheh4 ,in the autumn of #aheh ,leighton was back in ,rome1 and it was at that time the ,king1 then ,prince of ,wales1 first visited his studio4 ,i myself had the advantage of knowing him 7,leighton7 for a great number of years--ever since ,i was a boy--and ,i need hardly say how deeply ,i deplore the fact that he can be no more in our midst1 were the words spoken by the ,king--thirty-nine years after this first meeting--at the ,royal ,academy banquet1 which took place after ,leighton's death1 #ast ,may #ahig4 ,he worked in ,rome till his pictures were finished for exhibition in the spring1 #ahei4 ,he wrote to his mother3-- ,it is my particular object and study to go to no parties1 in the which ,i have succeeded admirably4 ,i go often to ,cartwright's in the evening1 that don't count2 now and then to ,browning1 now and then to the play1 see a good deal of ,lady ,hoare2 and that reminds me that ,hoare sent you some game the other day1 which1 however1 was returned1 as you were not forthcoming4 ,by-the-bye1 when ,i say ,i have made no acquaintances of interest1 that is not true2 ,odo ,russell1 son and brother of my friends1 ,lady ,william and ,arthur ,russell1 and our diplomatic agent here1 is a great friend of mine1 and particularly sympathetic4 ,i see him often at ,cartwright's1 who is his alter ego2 also ,i know and like ,miss ,ogle1 who wrote that 7,i hear7 exceedingly remarkable novel1 ,a ,lost ,love4 ,she is a country clergyman's daughter in a remote corner of ,yorkshire1 and wrote this book when she had1 ,i believe1 never lived out of a circle of kettles4 ,she is not young1 but agreeable and quaint4 ,i am just finishing the largish studies of a very handsome model here1 and am about to send them off for exhibition4 ,they seem very popular with all who see them1 and are1 ,i think1 my best things4 #ahei4 ,,dearest ,,mammy1--,i find to my annoyance that ,i have mislaid your kind letter1 so that ,i must answer as best ,i can from memory4 ,that the ,french and ,austrians have been formally requested by the ,pope to withdraw their troops from the ,states of the ,church is1 ,i have ascertained from good authority1 true1 though how on earth you can have known in ,florence so long ago a thing which has only just happened1 and which is still in great measure a secret here1 is what ,i can't make out2 but1 dear ,mamma1 ,i trust this won't prevent your coming to ,rome in ,april1 as there is no chance of the evacuation being carried into effect by that time4 ,there will be particularly 7indeed exclusively7 on the side of ,austria a great demur and pourparler1 inasmuch as the consequences of this step will probably be most serious to her2 so that for the next few months we need fear nothing4 ,i trust you will come2 however1 of course ,i dread the responsibility of insisting too much4 ,you will see how matters look in a few weeks4 ,i am just about to despatch to the ,royal ,academy some studies from a very handsome model1 ,la ,nanna4 ,i have shown them to a good many people1 artists and ,philistines1 and they seem to be universally admired4 ,let us hope they will be well hung in the ,exhibition4 ,talking of exhibitions1 you will be rather amused to hear that my ,samson has been refused at the ,british ,institution1 which this year is particularly weak and insignificant4 ,it is gone in to the ,suffolk ,street now1 unless too late4 ,neither ,i nor anybody else has the least idea what is the cause of this strongish measure4 ,i have sent my ,negroes to ,paris1 and if it is not too late the ,juliet and ,paris will go there also4 ,i think they will be well hung1 as they are godfathered by ,mr4 ,montfort1 my kind and valuable friend4 ,this afternoon the ,prince of ,wales came to my studio1 with ,colonel and ,mrs4 ,bruce1 ,gibson1 c4 c4 ,gibson spoke in the very highest terms of my pictures1 so of course all the others were delighted6 ,tuesday ,morning4 ,i have not been able to answer your letter till now1 and indeed even now ,i am interrupting my work to do it2 ,i will answer all your questions categorically4 ,first1 about the brigands--,i have made inquiries1 and have heard of nothing new since these two cases about five weeks back1 and am told that now the roads may be considered safe2 indeed1 no time is generally so good for travelling as just after an accident of that kind1 as the authorities are on the look out3 if you go by vetturino1 there will in all probability be other vetturini on the road1 and you will start together and arrive together from and to the different stations on the road4 ,you quite misunderstood the sense of my letter1 dear ,mamma1 if you imagined that ,i knew nothing of rumours of war1 c4 c4--so far from not knowing what is going on1 ,i live in a hot-bed of politics1 what with ,cartwright and what with ,odo ,russell4 ,i expressed my surprise that you should speak with confidence of the withdrawal of the ,french troops when the official news of the ,pope's formal request to that effect could not yet have reached ,florence1 for the reason that it had not taken place2 with the ,florentine politicians the wish must have been father to the thought4 ,what really will happen is impossible to say2 they won't withdraw till the ,austrians do--that is pretty certain2 the ,french1 ,i think1 like to mislead people about it4 ,a ,french general told a friend of mine that in six weeks they would all be gone1 but ,antonelli1 who ought to be the best authority1 told ,odo ,russell they would not go for six months1 though the occupation has already ceased 7as the ,moniteur expresses it7 en principe4 ,you see1 dear ,mamma1 that it is entirely impossible for me to give you any definite information at a moment when nobody seems to know what is coming next4 ,i should be very much disappointed if you could not come2 if you settle to come1 let me know in time to look for rooms at an ,hotel1 and tell me what you expect to give4 ,my work would not allow me to go to ,florence4 ,my pictures for the ,r4,a4 this year are three portraits in different sizes and attitudes from the same model1 all dressed--one a small half-length1 the other a kit-cat1 the third a small head the size of my hand--this ,i have sold to ,lady ,hoare for forty guineas4 ,it has been much coveted--,lady ,stratford de ,redcliffe wanted a repetition 7,i never do repetitions71 and ,mrs4 ,phipps seemed quite distressed it was sold4 ,the ,prince and his party told ,o4 ,russell they liked my studio better than any they had seen in ,rome4 ,my ,pan and ,venus are stowed away in ,london4 ,besides the three portraits of a model mentioned in his letter1 exhibited at the ,royal ,academy1 #ahei1 ,leighton sent ,samson and ,delilah to ,suffolk ,street4 ,for studies of this picture1 see ,leighton ,house ,collection4 ,later1 from ,naples1 he wrote3-- ,wednesday ,morning1 #ahei4 ,i scribble two lines in haste before starting to ,capri to announce my safe arrival here in the middle of the day on ,monday4 ,i found here several letters from ,england2 but1 as ,i had presumed1 that report about the sale of all my pictures was a canard4 ,lord ,lansdowne wishes very much for a repetition of my small profile of ,nanna1 but as ,i refused to make one for ,lady ,stratford1 ,i of course can't for him4 ,george de ,monbrison has very kindly consented to give up his ,nanna to the ,prince1#i but is evidently sadly disappointed--so much so1 that ,i have written to offer to do what ,i could not under any other circumstances1 i4e4 copy it for him4 ,this place is in great beauty4 ,i have been received with the greatest hospitality by the ,hollands1 with whom ,i have dined and supped both days4 ,yesterday ,i breakfasted with ,augustus ,craven1#aj who photographed me4 ,he is a great adept at this art1 and devotes much time to it4 ,he has a most lovely house here1 looking out on to the sea4 ,i have nothing to add for the present1 and ,i will write again from ,capri4 ,this visit to ,capri produced the famous drawing of the ,lemon ,tree4#aa ,mr4 ,ruskin wrote3 ,two perfect early drawings are of ',a ,lemon ,tree' and of a ',byzantine ,well' 7see ,list of ,illustrations71 which determine for you without appeal the question respecting necessity of delineation as the first skill of a painter4 ,of all our present masters1 ,sir ,frederic ,leighton delights most in softly-blended colours1 and his ideal of beauty is more nearly that of ,correggio than any since ,correggio's time4 ,but you see by what precision of terminal outline he at first restrained and exalted his gift of beautiful vaghezza4 ,in letters to ,leighton1 ,ruskin refers to these drawings3-- #ahfj4 ,,dear ,,leighton1--,unless ,i write again ,i shall hope to breakfast with you on ,friday1 and see and know evermore how a lemon differs from an orange leaf4 ,in cases of doubtful temper1 might the former more gracefully and appropriately be used for bridal chaplet8--,most truly yours1 ,j4 ,,ruskin4 #aeth ,december #ahhb4 ,,dear ,,leighton1--,of course ,i want the lemon-tree6 but surely you didn't offer it me before8 ,may ,i come on ,tuesday afternoon for both8 and ,i hope to bring ,golden ,water1 but ,i hear there's some confusion between the ,academy and the ,burlington ,club4 ,golden ,water is perhaps too small a drawing for the ,academy--but you'll see4 ,i wish the lecture on sculpture you gave that jury the other day had been to a larger audience1 and ,i one of them4--,ever affectionately yours1 ,j4 ,,ruskin4 #agth ,november4 ,,dear ,,leighton1--,i brought up the ,byzantine ,well1#ab but was forced to trust my friend1 ,john ,simon1 to bring it across the ,park to you1 and then forbid him till ,i wrote you this note1 asking you to spare a moment to show him the ,damascus ,glass and ,arab ,fountain4 ,he is1 as you know1 a man of great eminence1 with a weakness for painting1 which greatly hinders him in his science4--,ever your loving1 ,j4,r4 ,i can't get lectures printed yet4 ,with reference to differences of opinion which had arisen between them on certain art questions1 ,ruskin wrote in #ahgi3 ,i expected so much help from you after those orange 7lemon7 trees of yours6 ,later 7#ahhc7 he wrote3 ,the ,pre-,raphaelite schism1 and most of all1 ,turner's death1 broke my relations with the ,royal ,academy4 ,i hope they may in future be kinder2 its ,president 7,leighton7 has just sent me two lovely drawings 7the ',lemon ,tree' and the ',byzantine ,well'7 for the ,oxford ,schools1 and1 ,i think1 feels with me as to all the main principles of ,art education4 ,after his visit to ,capri ,leighton returned to ,london4 ,he stayed with ,mr4 ,henry ,greville1 and while there wrote to his mother the following letters3-- #ai ,,queen ,,street1 ,wednesday ,morning1 #ahei4 ,i have so far altered my plans that ,i stay on until ,saturday morning instead of going to-morrow with ,mrs4 ,sartoris as ,i had intended4 ,i have still a call or two to make1 and1 besides1 am going to dine to-morrow with ,mario and spend the evening of ,friday at ,lord ,lansdowne's1 whose invitation ,i got though ,i had not called on him4 ,i suppose that a card was sent me because my name was on the old list4 ,i have since met him 7at ,henry's party71 and he made himself very amiable1 renewing the invitation by word of mouth4 ,i have just been spending two or three days at ,old ,windsor with ,miss ,thackeray1 who has been kindness itself as usual2 the weather was divine1 and we took exquisite drives4 ,chorley#ac also has been a kind friend to me2 he took me twice to the ,handel ,festival1 seating me1 conveying me1 breakfasting me1 and1 but that ,i was engaged1 would have dined me4 ,the ,festival was1 as you have no doubt read in the papers1 most successful1 the choruses1 considering the enormous difficulty of training such masses of people 7#bjjj67 were excellent2 the quantity of sound produced was1 of course1 enormous1 still there was no din1 nothing stunning1 only an exceedingly dense and close-textured quality of sound4 ,the solo singers varied in excellence4 ,clara ,novello shone by the quality of her voice1 which carries any distance1 and by the correctness of her singing1 but to me she is entirely without charm1 and left me as cold after the great song of the ,nativity in the ,messiah as if she had not sung at all4 ,miss ,dolby sang well throughout2 she was remarkable for the excessive decorum and simplicity of her singing4 ,she finishes a phrase with great breadth2 her voice1 to some people disagreeable1 is to me very simpatica1 and she gave me altogether the greatest pleasure4 ,sims ,reeves1 whom but a few days back ,i heard sing so badly at ,liverpool1 astounded me here by the remarkable care and study he brought to bear on his solos4 ,he sang in the ,messiah1 beginning with ,behold and see if there be any sorrow1 c4 ,he sang exquisitely2 and in the ,israel he sang ,the enemy said 7a very ungrateful song7 as well as possible4 ,he was vociferously encored1 and well deserved it4 ---- was simply abominable1 without a redeeming point4 ----1 though less aggressively bad1 was too insignificant to say much about at all4 ,of course1 altogether1 the solos1 especially the more vigorous ones1 were too weak for the choruses2 that could not be otherwise short of having four pair of ,lablache lungs4 ,costa led to perfection2 it was a sight to see him4 ,friday1 ,,paris4 ,,dearest ,,mamma1--,i write you a few lines just to announce my safe return to ,paris4 ,you have no doubt by this time got the box back again4 ,henry was1 as always1 very kind to me1 and ,i spent three days very simply at his house4 ,i had intended1 when ,i left this1 to stay only two days in ,london1 but those days being ,saturday and ,sunday1 ,i remembered that all the ,galleries were shut1 and therefore1 being most anxious to see the new ,veronese1 ,i stayed over ,monday4 ,i was delighted with the pictures in the ,national ,gallery and also at ,marlborough ,house1 but the annual exhibition at the ,british ,institution is deplorable4 ,i have decided1 on the advice of ,buckner1 ,colnaghi1 and others1 to send my ,niggers 7,a ,negro ,dance--water-colour--from sketch made in ,algiers7 to the ,suffolk ,street ,exhibition 7where ,i shall be well hung through ,buckner's intervention7 if ,i get done in time3 it will be a hard race1 as the ,exhibition opens a month sooner than the ,r4,a4 ,i reached home ,tuesday evening at #aj-a_/b o'clock1 after a good passage2 ,i was1 however1 suffering from a shocking indigestion1 and1 to crown all1 was kept awake till four in the morning by a ball immediately under my bed4 ,next morning ,i had to paint away at ,gallatti 7my model7 willy nilly 7particularly nilly71 feeling seedy and frightfully cross4 ,however1 my ,gehazi is now as near as possible finished1 and to-morrow ,i go in for the ,niggers4 ,i hope1 dear ,mamma1 you will let me hear at once what ,lina or ,suth4 write2 ,i am most anxious to hear more4 ,good-bye1 dear ,mamma4 ,best love to all from your most affectionate ,,fred4 ,friday1 #bfth4 ,i am happy to say ,i have just done my ,niggers1 and though too late for the ordinary mode of conveyance on account of an accident in the papers1 ,i am saved by the exceeding kindness of a secretary of the ,sardinian ,embassy1 a great friend of mine2 it will be taken over on ,monday night by a messenger under the seals of the ,embassy1 and will just arrive in time4 ,on ,sunday ,i hope to show it to ,monfort1 ,fleury1 and ,scheffer4 ,i will let you know their verdict4 ,from ,america ,i have good and bad news4 ,the bad is that my ,pan and ,venus are not being exhibited at all on account of their nudity1 and are stowed away in a cupboard where ,f4 ,kemble with the most friendly and untiring perseverance contrived to discover them4 ,this is a great nuisance4 ,i have sent for them back at once2 they know best whether or no it is advisable to exhibit such pictures in ,america1 but they certainly should have let me know4 ,i have written to ,rossetti about it to-day1 expressing my regret and desires1 and have added my pictures have been exposed to the wear and tear of several long journeys not only entirely for no purpose1 but1 being shut out from the light1 they are even suffering an injury2 meanwhile ,i am neglecting the opportunity of showing and disposing of them in ,england1 a possibility which ,i might willingly forego for the sake of supporting an enterprise in which ,i am interested1 but not to adorn a hidden closet in the ,united ,states4 ,fanny ,kemble was charmed with the pictures1 went often and pluckily to the forbidden cupboard1 and said she only wished she could afford to buy them4 ,friday4 ,since ,i last wrote ,i have had a note from ,rossetti1 the ,secretary of the ,american ,exhibition1 giving me a piece of information about my ,romeo which can't fail to gratify you4 ,he said that1 had my picture not been bought by ,mr4 ,harrison1 a public subscription would have been opened to procure it for the ,academy of ,arts at ,philadelphia4 ,rossetti answers me 7as indeed ,i did not doubt7 that he had not the remotest notion of the fate of ,pan and ,venus4 ,he has written on my request to beg they may be sent back at once to ,europe4 ,by ,henry ,greville's urgent advice ,i have given notice that ,i shall send the ,orpheus1 as they have applied for more pictures2 things were selling so satisfactorily that there was scarcely anything left to exhibit in ,boston4 ,i am glad to be able to reassure you about the ,niggers4 ,sartoris did like them exceedingly even before they were anything like as good as they are now4 ,cartwright1 who is not gene to dislike1 is enchanted with them1 and says if they are not sold at once people are fools1 for he has not for some time seen anything he likes so much4 ,puliza ,ricardo and other publics like it extremely4 ,robert ,fleury considered it highly original1 and said that if he only saw one little head in it he would say1 c'est d'un coloriste4 ,r4 ,fleury1 you know1 blames very roundly what he does not like4 ,montfort1 my most candid adviser1 was delighted1 and said of a particular bit je vous assure c'est tout a fait comme ,decamps4 ,this is unconditional praise4 ,again ,i consulted him about its chances of success in the gallery of water-colours4 ,he said1 ,comme aquarelle je vous promets qu'il n'y en a pas beaucoup qui font comme cela2--about water colour being infra4 dig41 showing myself competent in two materials can only raise me4 ,poor ,scheffer was unwell and could not come4 ,you see1 dear ,mammy1 you need not be so uneasy4 ,i fully appreciate your and ,papa's anxiety about my pictures2 but it has too great a hold on you when it makes you think that ,i am entirely reckless and foolish1 and that rather than give in ,i should tell a lie and say it was too late to withdraw a picture when it might still be done4 ,many thanks for the extract about ,sutherland which1 however1 ,i had already seen1 ,henry ,grev4 having sent it me a week ago4 ,my ,niggers arrived in time by great luck4 ,buckner godfathers them4 ,in haste with very best love1 your affectionate boy1 ,,fred4 #ai ,,queen ,,street1 #ahei4 ,i have got1 through the kindness of ,elmore 7,r4,a471 a sort of studio at the other end of the world2 ,i believe ,i told you this in my last note2 ,i suppose my things will come over in a week or less4 ,i am in great doubt about being able to paint in that studio1 and about its having been any use to come over to ,london without the possibility of a really good locale3 however1 here ,i am4 ,i shall brush up my acquaintances and see a good deal of my friends4 ,don't reckon on my selling anything--,i don't at all4 ,my picture is hung so that it is virtually impossible to see it4 ,i went to look at my ,niggers in ,suffolk ,street1 and am confirmed in the idea 7that also of my friends7 that it is my best work4 ,i have as yet nothing worth writing about1 so good-bye1 dearest ,mamma1 best love to all4 #b ,,orme ,,square1 ,sunday1 #ahei4 ,having got on ,monday last into my studio and been very busy ever since1 this is absolutely the first moment ,i have found to sit down and write to you4 ,you will wish to know some particulars about my studio4 ,of course after ,paris and ,rome it is a sad falling off--narrow and dark1 though ,i believe1 for ,london1 very fair2 when ,i live here ,i must have a much larger light or ,i shall go blind--however1 ,i must not look a gift horse in the mouth4 ,i have had to furnish--this costs me about nine or ten shillings a week2 ,i keep a servant 7a stupid1 pompous1 verbose1 dirty1 willing1 honest scrub7 to run my errands and clean my brushes1 c4 c41 at half-a-crown a day2 models are five shillings a sitting here--ruination6--men with good heads there are none--women1 tol-lol6--a lay figure1 twenty-five shillings a month2 in short1 historical painting here is not for nothing2 ,i am working at my ,samson picture2 ,god knows how ,i shall finish it in so short a time6 ,dearest ,mammy1 ,i shall have but a very short peep at you this year1 ,i am very sorry to say--,i lost a full month waiting for this wretched studio4 ,i don't see my way through my work before the middle or even end of the second week in ,august1 and ,i cannot well give up going to ,scotland though only for a very few days1 as ,i have accepted so long ago4 ,i am to go there on the #bjth2 after that ,i must rush back post-haste to ,stourhead to finish ,lady ,hoare2 all this will make me very late for ,italy1 as ,i am anxious to revisit the north of that country and study the ,correggios a little at ,parma before going south4 ,i shall be obliged to scamper across the country4 ,i must be in ,rome or the neighbourhood in ,october2 ,i am going to finish my ,cervara landscape on the spot4 ,i am in very fair health1 ,london decidedly agrees with me1 and ,i don't suffer as much as ,i expected from the obligato spleen of blue devildom4 ,i need not say this is a source of immense congratulation to me4 ,when the picture ,nanna returned from the ,royal ,academy1 where it was exhibited in #ahei1 ,leighton sent it to ,bath1 writing to his mother to announce its arrival4 ,,london1 #ahei4 ,,dearest ,,mammy1--,i scribble a word in haste to announce to you that ,i have sent ,nanna off to ,bath for you to see1 she wants varnish very badly as you see1 but is not dry enough for that yet4 ,you must mind and put her in the right light1 the window must be on the left of the spectator--the more to the left of the picture you stand yourself the less you will see the want of varnish4 ,if you stand to the right of the painting you won't see it at all4 ,please send ,nanna back when you have shown to whom you wish1 as she is overdue at ,paris4 ,saturday ,morning1 #ahei4 ,i returned yesterday from the ,highlands1 and have at last time to write you a little word4 ,my stay in the ,north has been most satisfactory1 ,i have enjoyed myself thoroughly1 and have felt particularly well in the keen bracing air of the mountains4 ,my time has been spent exclusively in walks1 rides1 and drives1 for the weather was great part of the time too uncertain to allow of sitting out to paint 7even had there been time71 whereas no amount of showers prevented our going out1 and indeed to those showers ,i owe seeing some of the most superb effects of colour1 light and shade1 that ,i ever beheld4 ,we used sometimes to have three or four duckings in one ride1 drying again in the sun1 or not as the case might be1 and never catching even the phantom of a cold1 so healthy and invigorating is the breath of those healthy hills4 ,i said ,i painted nothing and bring home an empty portfolio 7all but a flower ,i drew one very wet morning71 but ,i have studied a great deal with my eyes and memory1 and come back a better landscape painter than ,i went4 ,on my road home1 at ,dunkeld1 where ,i lingered a day 7exquisite spot71 ,i jotted down in oils two reminiscences of effects observed at ,kinrara with which ,i am rather well pleased--one is a stormy ,scandinavian bit of cloud and hill1 the other a hot sunny expanse of golden corn and purple heather1 which looks for all the world like a bit of ,italy4 ,mind1 they are the merest little sketches1 but accurate in the impression of the effect4 ,i go on ,monday morning to ,stourhead1 where ,i stay till ,saturday1 and start ,monday week for the ,continent4 ,please send me a line to ,stourhead4 ,how are you1 darling8 and ,lina and ,gus8 and ,papa8 ,have you had any more drives8--,your loving boy1 ,,fred4 ,on returning to ,england ,leighton took up his abode in his first studio in ,england4 ,hitherto he had paid visits to ,london1--,rome1 and subsequently ,paris1 being his real home1 for an artist's true home is in his studio4 ,in the autumn of #ahei he settled in #b ,orme ,square1 and from that time to his death ,london became his headquarters4 ,after having settled into his studio in ,orme ,square in the winter of #ahei1 he wrote to ,steinle and to ,robert ,browning the following letters3-- ,translation4 #b ,,orme ,,square1 ,,bayswater1 ,,london1 ,december #e1 #ahei4 ,,my ,,dear ,,friend ,,and ,,master1--,what a long time it is since ,i heard from you6 my last letter1 despatched from ,rome1 has had no answer4 ,i enclose a photograph of a memorial tablet which ,i executed in ,rome last winter for my poor widowed sister4 ,the monument is of white marble with black mosaic decoration2 the four dark circles are bronze nails1 which secure the marble tablet to the wall4 ,when ,i had finished work in ,rome1 ,i went south and spent five weeks in ,capri4 ,you would hardly believe1 dear ,friend1 how this wonderful island delighted me4 ,i made vigorous use of my visit and executed a fairly large number of conscientious studies4 ,i also took the opportunity to visit ,paestum for the first time4 ,i may say that the ,temple of ,neptune gave me the most exalted architectonic impression that ,i have ever received2 ,i shall never forget that morning4 ,the two neighbouring temples1 however1 are not worth looking at1 except from a painter's point of view4 ,meanwhile1 the season being advanced1 ,i was obliged1 with real regret1 to give up my plan of going to ,frankfurt1 and to hurry back to ,england4 ,here ,i am now permanently established4 ,i confess that ,i did not pitch my tent here without some anxiety2 ,i had not spent a single winter in ,england since my earliest childhood1 and ,i had good reason to fear that to me1 with my love of sunshine1 it would prove a little harsh4 ,i also feared the climate for my bodily health4 ,however1 native air appears to be not altogether an empty phrase1 but ,i find myself1 notwithstanding the fog1 well and in good spirits4 ,man must indeed carry the sun in his heart--if he is to have it4 ,of work in particular1 ,i have nothing much to say4 ,later1 in the course of the winter1 ,i will report more at length4 ,meanwhile1 dear ,master1 write to me very soon4 ,tell me whether you still think of your pupil1 and especially tell me about your certainly numerous works4--,your grateful pupil1 ,,leighton4 ,translation4 #b ,,orme ,,square1 ,,bayswater1 ,,london1 ,january #ab1 #ahfj4 ,i spoke little in my last letter of my present work1 partly perhaps because of the feeling ,i have already described1 but partly also because ,i intend to send you a photograph directly the picture is finished1 which will not be till spring4 ,it is a commission1 and the subject is religious4 ,there is only a single figure1 and ,i would describe it to you now1 but that ,i fear you would imagine the picture much more beautiful than ,i can paint it1 and you would consequently suffer a disappointment later on in my work which would be painful to me4 ,for the rest1 ,i am striving as hard as ,i can to make it fine and simple4 ,you will perhaps be surprised1 but1 in spite of my fanatic preference for colour1 ,i promised myself to be a draughtsman before ,i became a colourist4 ,and now adieu1 my dear ,friend4 ,directly ,i can show you anything in black and white you shall hear from me again1 and ,i shall expect from you1 as my old master1 the most unsparing criticism2 that is the greatest proof of love you can give me4 ,,fred ,,leighton4 #b ,,orme ,,square1 ,,bayswater1 ,january #bi1 '#fj4 ,,dear ,,browning1--,it is not till the other day that ,i at last received from ,cartwright your ,rome address1 or ,i should have written to you some time ago2 before it was too late to wish you a merry ,xmas and health1 happiness1 and all prosperity for yourself and ,mrs4 ,browning in the present year4 ,i don't know that ,i have anything worth telling you to write about1 for all the little incidents which have their importance for the space of a day1 all appear too trivial to write about after a lapse of a week or two4 ,still ,i write to assure you ,i keep up my most affectionate remembrance of you1 and to beg that you won't entirely forget me4 ,i received your kind letter at the beginning of the winter1 and was truly concerned to hear that ,mrs4 ,browning had been so alarmingly unwell2 ,i trust that the air of ,rome1 which once before was so beneficial to her1 will have strengthened and recruited her again this time4 ,dear old ,rome6 how ,i wish ,i could fly over and spend a week or so with you all in my old haunts4 ,i suppose ,i shall never be entirely weaned of that yearning affection ,i entertain for ,italy1 and particularly for ,rome and the ,comarea4 ,you must have it all to yourselves this year4 ,what a delight it must be to see neither ,brown1 ,jones1 nor ,robinson4 ,i suppose ,cartwright1 ,pantaleone1 and ,odo ,russell are the staple of your convivial circle2 and1 by-the-bye1 how much more freely ,mrs4 ,browning must breathe this winter without certain daily visitations which ,i remember last year4 ,i wonder whether you will write to me and tell me what you are doing1 socially and artistically2 everything about you will interest me4 ,as for myself1 you would not believe it1 in spite of my old habits of continental life and sunshine1 ,i take very kindly to ,england2 it agrees with me capitally1 really better than ,rome4 ,i am fattening vue d'oeil4 ,the light is certainly not irreproachable1 still ,i can work1 and don't find that my ideas get particularly rusty4 ,on the contrary1 for colour1 certainly my sense seems to be sharpened in this atmosphere4 ,i am soldiering too4 ,i drill three times a week1 and make as bad a soldier as anybody else4 ,the ,sartoris1 you know1 are no longer in ,london--a great loss to all their friends--but ,i go pretty often to see them in the country1 and have spent many a happy day there in the course of the winter4 ,by-the-bye1 do you hear or know anything of those two drawings ,i did of you and ,mrs4 ,browning8 ,if so1 will you give the one of you to ,hookes that he may send with some other things he has8 ,and now1 dear ,browning1 vi levero l'incomodo1 and will bring this very tedious epistle to a close4 ,remember me most kindly to ,mrs4 ,browning1 to ,cartwright and his wife1 to ,odo ,russell1 ,b----1 ,pantaleone with better half1 ,storeys1 and last1 but not least1 dear little ,hatty6 ,love to ,cerinni2 tell me about him4 ,good-bye4--,believe me1 very affectionately yours1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,i am hand-and-glove with all my enemies the pre-,raphaelites4 ,woolner sends his affectionate remembrances4 ,leighton writes to his sister in ,italy3-- #b ,,orme ,,square1 ,,bayswater1 ,march #ab4 ,,my ,,dear ,,gussykins1--,you may have heard from ,mamma that ,i went to ,paris to hear ,madame ,viardot in ,orphee4 ,what wonderful singing6 what style6 what breadth6 what pathos6 ,you would have been enchanted1 ,i am sure4 ,do you know the music8 ,it is wonderfully fine and pathetic1 the first chorus particularly is quite harrowing for the accent of grief about it4 ,madame ,viardot's acting1 too1 is superb--so perfectly simple and grand1 it is really antique4 ,and when you consider all she has to overcome--a bad1 harsh voice1 an ugly face1 an ungainly person2 and yet she contrives to look almost handsome4 ,she enters heart and soul into her work2 she said it was the only thing she ever did that 7after fifty performances7 had not given her a moment's ennui4 ,i am afraid there is no chance of her singing it in ,england this year1 if at all2 ,i don't believe the ,covent ,garden audience would sit through it4#ad ,i also saw ,gounod's new opera1 ,philemon et ,baucis1 and was disappointed4 ,nothing but the care and distinction of the workmanship redeems it from being a bore2 the subject is ill adapted for the stage1 and is dragged through three acts with portentous efforts4 ,striking melodies there are few1 charming accompaniments many2 all the pretty music 7or nearly7 is in the orchestra--c'est la sauce qui fait avaler le poisson4 ,the introductions to the first and second acts1 but particularly the latter 7a little motif on the oboe71 are charming2 there is also a capital chorus4 ,all this1 however1 is an impression after one hearing2 ,i might alter my mind on hearing it oftener1 but ,i think not4 ,in the ,royal ,academy ,exhibition of #ahfj ,leighton sent one picture only1 ,sunrise--,capri4 ,translation4 #b ,,orme ,,square1 ,september #ae1 #ahfj4 ,,my ,,very ,,dear ,,friend1--,i was almost afraid that you would think that ,i had entirely forgotten you1 but this would be a very undeserved interpretation of my long silence4 ,no1 my dear ,master1 you still live in my constant memory1 in my most grateful recollection4 ,when ,i last wrote1 ,i promised to send you a photograph of my large picture4 ,this work has taken up my time far beyond my expectations1 and ,i always put off writing in order not to send you an empty letter4 ,at last it is thus far1 and ,i enclose both the large photograph and some little ones1 in the hope that you1 dear ,master1 will be interested also in the unimportant works of your old pupil4 ,have ,i already told you the subject of my religious picture8 ,i think not4 ,at the turning-point of a very critical illness1 the lady who commissioned my picture dreamt that she1 as a disembodied spirit1 soared up heavenwards in the night4#ae ,suddenly she was aware of a point of light in the far vault of heaven4 ,this light grew1 developed1 and soon she saw coming forth from the night the shining form of the ,saviour4 ,full of confidence she approached the holy apparition4 ,jesus1 however1 raised ,his hands and1 gently repulsing her1 enjoined her to return to earth1 and during her life to make herself worthier to enter the company of the blessed4 ,she awoke1 recovered1 and ordered the picture4 ,you will be able to imagine1 my dear ,friend1 how little contented ,i am with my work2 however1 ,i am accustomed to show you my weaknesses1 and ,i therefore send you also this unsatisfactory work4 ,as regards the photograph1 it is in certain respects successful1 although it makes the whole picture four times too dark4 ,i send also a portrait of my sister2 a head of an ,english soldier1 who lost an arm at ,balaclava1 and recently died of consumption2 and finally a photograph after a drawing on wood1 which ,i drew for a book1 but which has been incredibly disfigured by the engraver4 ,fortunately ,i had the drawing 7although bad7 photographed before ,i sent it to be engraved4 ,but enough of me and my affairs4 ,and you1 dear ,master1 what are you working at8 ,are your cartoons all finished8 ,shall you soon begin your frescoes8 ,what other beautiful things have you composed8 ,do not punish my long silence1 but send me a couple of lines to tell me what interests me so deeply4 ,so soon as ,i have finished anything new 7and ,i have many pictures in prospect7 ,i will send you another specimen of my handiwork4 ,meantime ,i beg you will remember me most cordially to your wife and daughters1 and to my other friends in ,frankfurt4 ,and yourself do not altogether forget1 your loving pupil1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,it was in #ahfj ,leighton joined the ,artist ,rifle ,corps4 ,it was also then he first made the acquaintance of ,sir ,william ,b4 ,richmond 7now ,chairman of the ,leighton ,house ,committee74 ,december #ab1 #ahfj4 ,,dearest ,,mammy1--,i have deferred until now answering your kind letter that ,i might be able to announce to you a little circumstance which took place yesterday1 and which1 though not of any real importance1 may give you and ,papa pleasure4 ,i was yesterday raised to the rank of ,captain2 ,i command the #crd ,company--,lewis was at the same time made ,captain of the #bnd--his election of course came before mine2 he has done three times more for the ,corps than ,i have or could have done--he lives very near and goes every day--as a man of business1 and a very clever one1 he has entirely organised the bookkeeping department1 and in fact has been altogether the vital principle of the ,corps4 ,i was chosen next for having shown some zeal in this service and some little capability for teaching4 ,the vacant lieutenancies go to ,nicholson 7the musician7 and ,talfourd4 ,one of the ensigncies has been given to ,perugini1 contingent on its being lawful for him to hold such commission2 another to old ,palmer4 ,so much for our volunteering4 ,i wish we had a commander4 ,the next question in your letter ,i thought ,i had answered in my last--however1 though ,ruskin stayed about three hours and was altogether very pleasant1 he did not say anything that ,i could quote about my paintings4 ,he was immensely struck by my drawing of a lemon-tree1 and was generally complimentary1 or rather1 respectful1 that is more his genre4 ,i don't think1 however1 that he cared for ,sandbach's picture--which leads me to the third point in your letter4 ,neither of the ,s4's have seen their picture2 last time they were in ,london1 having made no definite appointment1 ,i missed them4 ,he wrote to say that when he came up to town again1 he would fix a day to call on me4 ,gibson1 the old traitor1 never turned up at all4 ,by-the-bye1 ,i see you ask whether ,i shoot much--no1 not often2 ,i am an ordinary1 average shot--my unsteady hand prevents my shooting well4 ,my general health is pretty fair4 ,many thanks1 dearest ,mammy1 for your kind wishes and congratulations on that melancholy occasion1 my birthday--it is a day ,i always hate--fancy my being thirty666 ,about marrying1 dear ,mamma1 you must not forget it requires two to play at that game4 ,i would not insult a girl ,i did not love by asking her to tie her existence to mine1 and ,i have not yet found one that ,i felt the slightest wish to marry2 it is no doubt ludicrous to place this ideal so high1 but it is not my fault--theoretically ,i should like to be married very well4 ,in another letter to his mother ,leighton writes on the subject of marriage3 ,if ,i don't marry1 the reason has been that ,i have never seen a girl to whom ,i felt the least desire to be united for life4 ,i should certainly never marry for the sake of doing so4 ,the same subject is again alluded to in a letter written in #ahfc1 from ,leighton's mother to her younger daughter who was in ,italy4 ,the letter begins by referring to a servant who was dismissed by ,leighton4 ,he has such an effect on him by his profound stupidity and intense conceit he can't keep him1 for if he did1 the irritation would render him wicked if he indulged it1 and ill if he repressed the same--at least that's ,fred's feeling just now4 ,he means to take an ,italian servant if he can find one4 ,fred has received an invitation to ,sandringham 7the ,prince of ,wales74 ,if he has not found a suitable servant we are to lend him ours--,ellen's husband1 a very superior person4 ,i must not forget to tell you that we saw ----'s new baby1 a very dear little thing4 ,freddy was enchanted with it4 ,he noticed him more than ----1 who is a delightful little chap1 and after caressing it several times with exceeding tenderness1 he suddenly grew red in the face1 and said1 ',i must nurse him1' which he did for a long time1 to the wonder and admiration of ,miss ---- and the nurse4 ,for my part1 it gave me actual pain to see that proof of his strong love for children1 believing that he will never have any of his own4 ,he declares he has never seen a girl he could marry4 ,of course this shows he is unreasonably fastidious2 more's the pity6 ,illustration3 ,,portrait ,,of ,,mrs4 ,,sutherland ,,orr4 #ahfa #b ,,orme ,,square1 ,april #aj1 #ahfa4 ,,dearest ,,mammy1--,i have deferred writing until now that ,i might be able to tell you the result of my little private view1 now over4 ,i am happy to say ,i have a great success4 ,the ,vision pleased many people much1 but was altogether1 as ,i expected1 the least popular2 the subject1 though very interesting1 was less attractive to the many1 and besides ,i have progressed in painting since the date of that picture4 ,my little girl at the fountain1 christened for me by one of my visitors1 ,lieder ohne ,worte1 has perhaps had the greatest number of votes4#af ,the ,francesca1#ag on the other hand1 has had1 ,i think1 the advantage in the quality of its admirers4 ,watts1 for instance1 and ,mrs4 ,sartoris think it by far my best daub4 ,by-the-bye1 you will be particularly pleased to hear that ,lina's portrait has had an immense success1 and indeed1 on second thoughts1 perhaps it was more admired than anything else4 ,the ,capri and the ,aslett were also much liked4 ,mind1 dear ,mamma1 this letter is strictly confidential1 because although1 of course1 you want to know what people say of my pictures1 anybody else seeing this letter would 7or might7 suppose ,i was devoured with vanity4 ,i have just made an unexpected acquaintance in the ,gladstones1 who sent me1 ,i don't know why1 a card for two parties4 ,it was very polite of them1 and of course ,i went4 ,this is a very egotistical letter1 dear ,mamma1 but ,i know that is what you want4 ,i am very sufficiently well1 not strong1 but never ill4 ,i marched to ,wimbledon with the ,volunteers last ,monday1 and got wet several times but did not catch cold4#ah ,,london4 #ahfa4 ,,dear ,,papa1--,if the ,public receives my pictures as favourably as the ,private has done1 ,i shall have no cause to complain2 as far1 at least1 as the maintenance and increase of my reputation is concerned4 ,i should1 however1 have liked the market to be a little more brisk4 ,tom ,taylor and ,rossetti 7,wm471 the only critics that came 7as far as ,i know7 besides ,stephens1 were1 as far as ,i can judge1 both of them much pleased with what they saw4 ,i know at least that both spoke well of my pictures behind my back4 ,as for ,ruskin1 he was in one of his queer moods when he came to breakfast with me--he spent his time looking at my portfolio and praised my drawings most lavishly--he did not even look at the pictures4 ,however1 nothing could be more cordial than he is to me4 ,i bolted out into the passage after you when you left the other day to tell you that one of the gentlemen you saw come in was ,sir ,edwin ,landseer1 but you had disappeared4 ,,paris4 ,monday4 ,,dearest ,,mother1--,i must wind up with bad news1 which ,i hope you will bear well3 my pictures are badly hung1 ill lighted1 and almost entirely ignored by the press4#ai ,of course this is au fond1 a bitter disappointment to a man of my temperament1 especially after all the praise my work got before the ,exhibition4 ,however1 ,i shall wear a brave face1 and who knows but that some good may arise to me out of this8 ,my little energies will be sharpened up and my tenacity roused4 ,i trust in some future day1 as long as hope lives4 ,god bless you1 ,mammy2 best love to dear ,gussy4 ,from your affectionate son1 ,,fred4 ,may #a1 #ahfa4 ,,dearest ,,mammy1--,life being a pump handle1 first up then down1 you won't be too much surprised to hear that after the real success my pictures had on private view they are with one exception 7the landscape7 badly hung1 ,the ,vision over a door1 the others above the line1 which will make it impossible to see the finish or delicacy of execution which is an important feature in them4 ,i have not seen them myself1 but am told this by those who have4 ,don't take on1 dear ,mammy1 nor let ,papa worry himself about it4 ,things come right in the end1 and ,i know that many people will be much annoyed at this treatment of me4 ,millais1 like a good fellow that he is1 spoke up for me like a man1 though he himself feels so differently on art from what ,i do4 ,my good friend ,aide is furious4 ,after all perhaps1 though badly hung1 the pictures may still be seen well enough to be judged1 that is all ,i really want1 then perhaps some of the papers will speak up for me4 ,i am glad ,i let so many people see them at the studio1 those at least know what the pictures are like4 ,of one thing be sure3 if my works have real value1 public opinion will in the long run force the ,academy to hang me--but enough of this subject4 ,the ,prince of ,wales saw a photo-portrait of me in ,valletort's book the other day and begged him to ask me for one4 ,i have had some new ones done1 and mean at the same time to send ,h4,r4,h4 a photograph of each of my larger pictures1 ,the ,vision1 the ,francesca1 and ,the ,listener1 which1 by-the-bye1 ,i have christened on the suggestion of a lady friend of mine 7a sister of ,cockerell's7 ,lieder ohne ,worte4 ,landseer said nothing that was worth repeating1 though he gave me one or two useful practical hints4 ,he is eminently a practical man1 and ,i suspect in his heart sneers at style4 ,he was1 however1 ,i believe1 pleased with my things4 #i ,,park ,,place1 ,,st4 ,,james',s1 ,sunday1 ,may #e1 #ahfa4 ,,dear ,,mrs4 ,,leighton1--,i know that the news of the bad hanging of your son's pictures has reached you 7unpleasant tidings generally travel fast7 and ,i hasten to tell you1 what ,i hope may a little mitigate the annoyance you must have felt about it1 that they are spoken of in terms of great eulogium by both the ,times and ,athenaeum4 ,i was afraid that their unfortunate placing might have prevented the possibility of any justice being done them by the public critics1 but after all the ,times and ,athenaeum are the most influential and leading of all our public journals4 ,mrs4 ,orr's portrait is consistently praised by all the papers1 even by those which review the others less favourably4 ,fortunately1 the pictures were well seen in the studio by numbers of people of all classes before they went to the ,academy1 and excited very general admiration in those who felt no particular interest either in art or in your son2 while his friends1 and those who know1 were delighted not only with the works themselves1 but at the visible indications in them of increased power in all ways4 ,they have been thought by all whose opinion is of value a great advance upon what he has hitherto done4 ,all this will1 ,i hope1 be pleasant to you2 what will be so most of all will be to know that he took the exceeding trial and vexation of the abominable hanging of his pictures with the most perfect temper1 and an admirable desire to be just about those who were doing him this ill turn4 ,you will care for this1 as ,i do1 more than for any worldly success his talent could have brought him4 ,i think he is looking well1 although he complains a little of feeling tired4 ,i daresay it is nothing but the weariness that must make itself a little felt after a great and all-engrossing exertion4 ,his volunteering occupation is quite invaluable to him1 giving him the exercise he never would otherwise get4 ,i think he seems to like his life in ,london1 where he has many friends1 so many that if you were here you would no longer feel as jealous about me as you once owned to feeling--do you remember8 ,i do not apologise for writing all this to you1 for although excess of zeal may be a sin in the eyes of others1 and even indeed of those whom one would die to serve1 a mother will hardly count it as such when her child is in question4 ,with best remembrances to ,mr4 ,leighton and your daughters1 ,i am1 ever faithfully yours1 ,,adelaide ,,sartoris4 ,to his father ,leighton wrote3-- #ahfa4 ,as to the article in ,macmillan1 ,i don't in the least deny its value as far as it goes and quo ad the public2 it is in that sense very gratifying to be spoken of in such flattering terms in a periodical of some standing1 but ,i can't individually feel much elated at the praise of a critic who in other parts of his article shows he is not au fond a judge2 as for what he says in interpretation 7,i am not now alluding to the praise71 it is so verbatim what ,i said myself to those who visited my studio1 that ,i suspect he must have been of that number4 ,i remember1 it is true1 telling you before ,i began to paint ,lieder ohne ,worte that ,i intended to make it realistic1 but from the first moment ,i began ,i felt the mistake1 and made it professedly and pointedly the reverse4 ,i don't think1 however1 that we understand the word realistic alike2 the ,fisherman and ,syren which you quote was as little naturalistic as anything could be1 and1 while you urge me to take up some subject possessing that quality1 ,i would point out that the ,michael ,angelo and the ,peacock ,girl both fulfil that condition--to my mind to a fault4 ,i have sent in 7or am about to7 a formula which ,i received to fill up1 stating what ,i would contribute to the ,great ,exhibition of #ahfb 7,international74 ,i have offered the ,cimabue1 four ,nannas1 the ,lieder ohne ,worte1 ,francesca1 and the ,syren4 ,i have obtained permission for all4 ,translation4 #b ,,orme ,,square1 ,,bayswater1 #cjth ,april #ahfa4 ,,my ,,dear ,,friend ,,and ,,master1--,when ,i last wrote you ,i promised in the spring to send you photographs of my pictures for the exhibition4 ,i have just received some prints and hasten to enclose them4 ,one of them 7the girl by the fountain7 gives1 as is so often the case1 an entirely false impression of the picture1 in that the drapery of the principal figure should be much darker1 and that of the retreating figure much lighter4 ,i have called this picture ,lieder ohne ,worte4 ,it represents a girl1 who is resting by a fountain1 and listening to the ripple of the water and the song of a bird4 ,this subject is1 of course1 quite incomplete without colour1 as ,i have endeavoured1 both by colour and by flowing delicate forms1 to translate to the eye of the spectator something of the pleasure which the child receives through her ears4 ,this idea lies at the base of the whole thing1 and is conveyed to the best of my ability in every detail1 so that in the dead photograph one loses exactly half1 also the dulling of the eyes1 which are dark blue in the picture1 gives a look of weakness in the photograph that is not quite pleasant4 ,the second subject is1 as you will know well1 the old1 ever-new motive of ,paolo and ,francesca4 ,i endeavoured to put in as much glow and passion as possible without causing the least offence2 this picture also would1 perhaps1 have pleased you in colour4 ,how ,i should like to show it to you1 my dear master6 ,however1 you will no doubt send me your candid opinion of the photographs in a few lines1 and not spare criticism4 ,i am exceedingly curious to know how your work is getting on4 ,what are you working at just now8 ,when is the fresco to be begun8 ,what easel pictures have you undertaken8 ,i want to know all that4 ,i also hope with all my heart1 my dear master1 that your health keeps good1 that your wife and children are all well4 ,please remember me most kindly to your family and all in ,frankfurt who remember me4 ,and yourself1 my dear friend1 keep in remembrance4--,your grateful pupil1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,translation4 #b ,,orme ,,square1 ,,bayswater1 ,,london1 ,june #cj1 #ahfa4 ,,my ,,dear ,,friend1--,forgive my not having thanked you sooner for your kind note4 ,the same thing has happened to me as to you3 work has left me but little leisure for writing4 ,now1 however1 my hearty thanks for the open sincerity with which you have spoken of my latest work1 ,i am only sorry that you have not gone into it even more closely4 ,i shall endeavour in my present works to diminish the excessive mannerism of the lines1 which will be all the easier for me as ,i am now painting principally from nature2 in my last picture the subject permitted that but little4 ,in any case ,i hope1 dear master1 that you will always speak to me with the same candour2 it is the best proof to me that ,i still possess your friendship4 ,i am extremely eager to see how far your works have got on4 ,amongst them1 however1 my dear friend1 keep in remembrance your grateful pupil1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,p4,s4--,i notice with regret that already ,i do not write a ,german letter with my former fluency4 ,in a letter to his sister1 ,mrs4 ,matthews1 ,january #bd1 #ahfj1 ,leighton wrote3 ,i am horrified to hear the account you give of ,mrs4 ,browning4 ,i knew she was a confirmed invalid1 but had no idea that one of her lungs was already gone6 ,what will poor ,browning do if she dies8 ,he adores her1 you know4 ,,london1 ,july #ahfa4 ,,dearest ,,mammy1--,thanks for your kind letter1 which ,i have been unable to answer till now4 ,i had heard of poor ,browning's bereavement2 we were all very much shocked at it1 knowing1 as we do1 how entirely irreparable his loss is4 ,i wrote a few lines to him that he might know how sincerely ,i grieved with him2 ,i don't at all know what were the circumstances of her death1 we have no particulars4 ,leighton undertook to design the monument over ,mrs4 ,browning's grave in the ,english ,cemetery at ,florence4 ,the work appealed to him in every sense1 and remains as a permanent memorial of those friendships which made the years spent in ,italy so full1 so rich1 so entrancing4 ,with reference to the monument ,browning writes3-- ,,chez ,m4 ,,laraison1 ,,ste4 ,,marie1 ,,pres ,,pornic1 ,,loire ,,inferieure1 ,august #cj1 #ahfc4 ,,my ,,dear ,,leighton1--,don't fret2 you will do everything like yourself in the end1 ,i know2 wait till the end of ,october1 as you propose4 ,i cannot return before the beginning of it1 though ,i would do so were it necessary1 but it is not1 for ,i have only this morning received the notification of which ,i told you1 that the marble is in the sculptor's studio4 ,we shall therefore be in full time4 ,the portrait you saw was the autotype which ,i lent to ,mr4 ,richmond1 and concerning which ,i wrote to him before leaving ,london1 directing that it should be sent to you4 ,he engaged to let you have it whenever you desired4 ,i therefore enclose 7oh1 fresh attack on your envelopes and postage stamps67 a note which ,i presume he will attend to1 and which you will of course burn should he have sent the portraits meanwhile4 ,i have also two others nearly like that portrait1 taken the same day with it1 which ,i was unable to find1 but which shall be found on my return4 ,dear ,leighton1 ,i can only repeat1 with entire truth1 that you will satisfy me wholly4 ,i don't think1 however1 you can make me more than ,i am now--,yours gratefully and lovingly1 ,,robert ,,browning4 ,continuation of letter to his mother3-- ,i am glad to hear ,papa reported favourably of my work1 and that you like the photographs of my pictures now in the ,exhibition4 ,i am very glad also that ,gussy liked the receding figure in the ,lieder ohne ,worte1 as it was a favourite also with me1 the tallness of said figure was inseparable from the sentiment of it in my mind4 ,i have a photograph of that picture still remaining2 ,i will give it to ,gus when she comes through1 ,i can get myself another some future day4 ,i am getting on tol-lol with my pictures1 but am rather anxious just now about the extreme difficulty of getting a peacock4 ,i want to buy one to have the skin prepared1 and if ,i don't get one soon they will all lose their tails2 and there ,i shall be--in a fix6 ,a friend of mine has written to ,norfolk1 and hopes to get me one4 ,the season1 even in the extremely moderate form in which ,i take it1 is a fatiguing affair4 ,i get up late and never feel fresh and vigorous4 ,i have serious thoughts of entirely giving it up next year4 ,i will go now and then to stay at people's houses1 but not to their parties--le jeu ne vaut pas la chandelle4 ,a propos of country houses1 ,i am going to spend a few days with ,lady ,cowper at ,wrest ,park towards the end of this month2 there are to be theatricals and great hilarity4 ,and now about ,bath1 ,i hope1 dearest ,mammy1 you won't be hurt if ,i propose to come at the end of the first week in ,september instead of the last week in ,august4 ,the fact is ,i have a great giro ,i want to make1 and if ,i could take ,bath in the regular progress it would be both a great convenience and a saving of expense4 ,i mean to stay three weeks in ,bath and have thoughts of painting a pot-boiler of little ,walker if he is still handsome4 ,i wish ,papa would look after him1 and let me know what he is doing and how he is looking4 ,these are my plans3 ,i want1 whilst the summer is still hot and green1 to visit ,south ,hampshire1 ,new ,forest1 ,isle of ,wight1 ,south ,devon1 ,north ,devon1 and so work my way round to ,bath1 whence to ,stourhead for a few days2 then to ,mason in ,staffordshire1 and then back to ,london4 ,my pictures will be done long before the ,exhibition next opening1 so ,i can manage all this4 ,i shall visit the following people3 ,sartoris1 ,aides1 perhaps ,morants1 ,i hope ,tennyson1 ,lady ,e4 ,bulteel1 and look in at ,mount ,edgcombe--the rest of the journey will be purely artistic4 ,,clovelly1 ,sunday4 ,,dearest ,,mammy1--,i could not find time to answer your note 7for which best thanks7 before ,i left ,ventnor4 ,i am now in one of the most picturesque spots on the north coast of ,devon--the rendezvous of painters and tourists1 the pays de cocagne of ,hook and one of the chief lions of my trip4 ,the places ,i have visited so far are ,salisbury1 ,exeter1 and ,bideford2 with the latter ,i was much disappointed1 and think it far below its reputation2 not so ,salisbury1 which is a most interesting town1 full of quaintness and character beyond my expectations2 it has1 however1 a look of decay and depopulation about it which makes me feel awfully low-spirited4 ,the ,cathedral1 perhaps1 altogether rather disappointed me--though of course much about it is very beautiful2 then1 too1 its general 7internal7 aspect is entirely marred by a brutal coat of whitewash laid on in the last century1 covering up the marble columns and killing out all life and colour4 ,unfortunately1 it would cost very many thousands to restore the church and its ancient glories4 ,to-morrow ,i start for ,ilfracombe--the next day for ,lynton4 ,again1 later3-- ,many thanks for your letter just received and for all the kind wishes therein contained1 which ,i most warmly return for you all--a double portion to dear ,taily in honour of her birthday4 ,i will come on the #hth if ,i possibly can1 and bring some little sketches to show you4 ,i shall exhibit this year ,,if ,i get done in time1 but ,i can't hurry--it is entirely immaterial whether ,i exhibit or not--,i would rather1 of course4 ,we have begun drilling1 but it will be many weeks before we get to rifle-shooting--this is the sort of thing we are doing now4 ,our uniform is plainness itself1 all grey1 and the cheapest in ,london4 ,i weather the cold so-so--,i have a gas-stove beside my fireplace1 but am still tolerably cold when it comes very sharp4 ,my dinner with ,millais was put off till ,monday next--,i think ,millais charming and so handsome4 ,i am exceedingly sorry1 dear ,mamma1 you have reckoned on me for cotillon figures--with the exception of the one ,i led at ,bath once1 ,i have not seen one for years1 and have not the faintest notion what is done--,i will1 however1 back anybody else with great zeal4 ,i was indeed truly sorry to hear of ,lord ,holland's death--,i had expected it for some time2 nothing could exceed their kindness to me1 and the ,house is an irreparable loss to me4 ,i hope to have a very merry ,christmas ,day4 ,i am running down to ,westbury 7the ,sartoris72 there is to be a tree2 ,i come up again of course ,monday morning4 ,i am never ill4 ,i take my human frailty out in never being very well--never equal to much fatigue4 ,,london1 #ahfa4 ,my dinner at ,millais' yesterday was very pleasant4 ,i like him extremely1 and his wife appears an agreeable person4 ,i met there ,john ,leech1 the man who does all those admirable caricatures in ,punch--he is a very pleasant and gentleman-like person4 ,i don't feel sure whether ,i told you that ,i am about shortly to send my ,paris and ,juliet with the ,samson to ,america on spec4 ,mrs4 ,kemble will do all she can to godmother them2 ,i got a very kind letter from her from ,boston the other day--she has asked me to send her a little sketch of ,westbury with the pictures--of course ,i shall4 ,the following letters from ,mrs4 ,fanny ,kemble reveal the interest which this friend took in ,leighton and his pictures1 also the genius of the writer in penning delightful epistles3-- ,,revere ,,house1 ,,boston1 ,friday1 ,december #i1 #ahfa4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,leighton1--,it was very kind and amiable of you to write to me of ,westbury and my sister2 you cannot imagine the forlornness one feels when1 to the loss of the sight of those one loves1 is added that bitter silence which leaves one almost ignorant1 as death does1 of all the conditions in which our friends remain4 ,god knows1 written words are a poor substitute for the sound of a voice and the look of living eyes2 still1 when they are all that can reach us of those towards whom our hearts yearn1 it is miserable not to be able to obtain them4 ,the friends with whom ,i constantly correspond see and know little or nothing of her1 and so no one of them can in any degree supply me with the news that ,i most desire from across the sea--how it is faring with my sister2 so ,i am very grateful to you for your intelligence1 which was just what ,i would give anything for 7though not in itself1 perhaps1 very satisfactory7 out here1 where ,i think you have none of you an idea how banished ,i feel4 ,now1 my dear ,mr4 ,leighton1 to your business1 about which ,i began my inquiries almost immediately after my return to this country1 but only received the last of these communications last night1 and you perceive the other was incomplete without it4 ,you must command me entirely in any and every thing that ,i can do to forward your aims1 and ,i will promise to be severe in my obedience to any instructions you may like to give me4 ,new ,york is undoubtedly a better market for pictures1 and therefore a better place to exhibit them than this1 but ,i do not know anybody whom ,i trust there4 ,mr4 ,ordway1 however1 seems inclined to take charge of your pictures if they are exhibited there4 ,good-bye4 ,do not fail to employ me in this matter to the fullest extent that ,i can be of the least use to you2 it will be a great pleasure to me to help you in any way that ,i possibly can4--,yours very truly1 ,,fanny ,,kemble4 ,i wish you would send me out some sketch of ,westbury with your pictures1 if they come4 ,i wish for one very much4 ,i wish you could see the world here just now--a sky as pure and brilliant as it is possible to conceive1 and every bough1 branch1 blade of grass and withered leaf coated with clear crystal and blazing with prismatic colours4 ,there are1 every now and then1 sentiments in this sky that ,i have seen in none other4 ,there are certain points of view in which ,boston1 rising beyond broad sheets of water that repeat them still more tenderly1 seems to me worthy of a great painter4 ,but do not come out and try unless you are quite sure of going back1 or you will break your heart4 ,,revere ,,house1 ,,boston1 ,friday1 ,february #g4 ,i feel terrified1 when you speak of my determining what is to be done with your pictures when they arrive in ,boston1 for assuredly ,i am utterly incompetent to any such decision1 and can only refer myself to the judgment of my friend ,mr4 ,cabot1 who will certainly advise for the best in the matter1 but who1 nevertheless1 is not infallible4 ,i should think it rather late in the season for exhibiting them here1 but again would not take upon myself to say4 ,i do not know what the percentage on sale here is1 but presume it is not higher than in ,london4 ,but here people exhibit their pictures at a shilling a head1 i4e4 put them in a room hung round with black calico1 light up a flare of gas above them1 and take a quarter of a dollar from every sinner who sees them4 ,two of ,churche's pictures 7he is a great ,american artist1 though you may never have heard of him7 have been1 or rather are1 at this moment so exhibiting--his ,falls of ,niagara1 and a very beautiful landscape called the ,heart of the ,andes4 ,both these pictures were exhibited in ,london1 ,i know not with what success2 they have both considerable merit1 but the latter ,i admire extremely4 ,page had a ,venus here the other day1 exhibited by gas-light in a black room2 but indeed1 dear ,mr4 ,leighton1 it sometimes seems to me as if you never could imagine or would consent to the gross charlatanry which is practised--how necessarily ,i do not know--here about all such matters4 ,certainly your gold medal should be trumpeted--and your profession of art and your confession of faith1 and anything most private and particular that you would not wish known1 had better be published in several versions in all the newspapers of the ,united ,states4 ,your pictures must be placarded over all the walls in all the sizes of type conceivable1 and all the colours of the rainbow4 ,if you will write me your personal history1 and rampant puffs of your own performances1 ,i will copy them and send them to those sources of public instruction1 the enlightened public press4 ,moreover1 ,i will go and sit before them daily and utter exclamations of admiration on every note in my voice1 and if anything else remains to be done ,i will do it2 but you must not make me in any way responsible for the result1 because it is not in the least likely that you will write yourself up to the mark of puffing as practised here4 ,basta--,i will take the very best advice and do the very best ,i can about the pictures1 and rejoice in my heart to see them myself1 that ,i can assuredly promise you4 ,by-the-bye1 ,i gave your address only a few days ago1 to be sent to a person now in ,europe negotiating with ,french and ,english artists for pictures to exhibit4 ,i wonder if he will find you and enlighten your mind about art in ,america4 ,thank you for the account of ,westbury and its ,christmas festivities1 and thank you1 thank you for the sketch of the home you are so very kind as to promise me2 it will be a blessed treasure to see1 for you cannot conceive the dreary heart-sickness that utterly overcomes me here sometimes4 ,to-day ,i was singing the quartette in ,faust that we used to sing1 and was obliged to stop for crying4 ,i wished extremely to have a photograph of the house1 and1 if ,i could only have afforded it1 should have asked you to sell me every sketch you took about the place4 ,the skies here are beautiful1 wonderful in their transparent purity4 ,they seem to me of a different texture from any other ,i ever saw1 more diaphanous1 and there is a colour in them when they are quite free from clouds that surpasses in delicacy all other skies ,i have seen4 ,it is like the complexion of the young girls here1 a miracle of evanescent brilliant softness4 ,my winter is wearing along pretty tolerably4 ,my ,christmas was passed entirely alone1 but ,i am quite used to that4 ,i am beginning to be much occupied about the plans and drawings for a house1 which ,i am thinking of building on some land ,i own in ,massachusetts4 ,it is a great undertaking1 and really at fifty years old seems hardly worth while1 and yet1 till ,i am ready for my coffin1 ,i must have some place in which to rest my head4 ,perhaps some fine day--who knows8--you will come to see me there4 ,that would be a very pretty plot1 and ,i think ,i need not say how welcome you would be1 dear ,mr4 ,leighton1 to yours very truly1 ,,fanny ,,kemble4 ,,lenox1 ,tuesday4 ,a thousand thanks1 my dear ,mr4 ,leighton1 for the minute account of ,westbury--as ,i cannot know anything about my sister1 it is something to know how her house is settled and decorated1 and how the place where she lives looks4 ,the red velvet drawing-room sounds gorgeous1 and it must be very becoming to the pictures4 ,of your pictures that have wandered west you may be sure ,i should have written you1 if ,i had had the good news to give you that either of them was sold1 but ,i am sorry to say this is not the case4 ,the ,new ,york ,exhibition is now closed1 and the pictures have been sent back to ,boston1 where they are at present hanging in the ,athenaeum under the care of ,mr4 ,ordway1 who wishes1 but does not much hope1 to be able to sell them4 ,it seems that one or two people asked the price of the pictures in ,new ,york1 but considered it1 when they received the information1 rather a tall price4 ,i am a little consoled at the ill success of this venture of yours1 by ,henry ,greville's writing me that your hands are full of orders1 for which you are to be well paid4 ,your small acquaintance1 ,fanny1 who left me this morning after a visit of a month1 propounded to me the expediency of desiring the purchaser of the reconciliation of old ,capulet and ,montague to buy as its pendant the ,paris and ,juliet2 and though she has no personal acquaintance with the lover of art in question1 she said1 when she got to ,philadelphia she should set about intriguing to that effect2 and she had my full permission to try and to succeed4 ,i wish ,i could tell you anything pleasant in return for your description of the rooms at ,westbury1 but ,i have nothing very cheerful to impart4 ,i have been quite unwell1 and am still very far from flourishing2 my spirits are much depressed1 and the life ,i lead1 of incessant worry and discomfort with servants and all one's domestic arrangements1 is something quite too tedious to relate--and that indeed it would be impossible to realise1 as the ,yankees say1 unless you witnessed it4 ,i saw ,hetty ,hosmer three days after her arrival in ,boston4 ,her father is a hopeless invalid1 and she will certainly not leave him while he lives2 but ,i suspect that he is likely to die before this year ends1 and then she will return to live in ,italy4 ,the ,state of ,missouri has voted two thousand pounds for a statue of ,colonel ,benton1 one of its great men1 to be erected by her1 which1 of course1 is a whole plume of feathers in her cap4 ,good-bye1 dear ,mr4 ,leighton2 believe me always yours most truly1 ,,fanny ,,kemble4 ,you must not fail to write to me any directions that you wish observed about your pictures1 while they remain here4 ,i am only too glad to try to serve you4 ,,lenox1 ,,berkshire1 ,,massachusetts1 ,monday1 ,march #ab4 ,pictures of very high pretensions are exhibited1 like the scenes in a theatre1 by gas-light1 and advertised in coloured posters all over the streets like theatrical exhibitions4 ,however1 it is no use vexing your soul with what neither of us can help4 ,i cannot and will not accept the responsibility of disposing of your pictures2 but ,i will get the best advice ,i can about them and follow it1 and spare no personal pains to have them advantageously dealt with2 only1 ,i hope it will not be very long before they arrive1 because my own stay in ,boston is now drawing to a close1 and after the end of the present month ,i shall be at ,lenox1 a remote village in a lonely hill district one hundred miles from ,boston1 or rather ,i should say seven hours distant from the nearest railroad station1 which is six miles away again from ,lenox4 ,when once ,i come here--for ,i write at this moment from this snowy wilderness--it will be to remain for the next nine or ten months1 so you see ,i must make all arrangements about your pictures before taking my leave of civilised communities4 ,i came up to this place from ,boston yesterday to look at a house that ,i think of hiring for a year1 and shall return to the city next week4 ,i have left your pictures 7should they arrive during my absence7 to the charge of a friend of mine who is one of the directors of the ,athenaeum1 and will see that they are properly received4 ,thank you a thousand times for the promised likeness of ,westbury1 which will be a treasure to me4 ,what a contrast is my recollection of that charming place1 to the abomination of desolation of the dreary savage winter landscape of low black hills1 bristling with wintry woods and wide1 bare1 snow-covered valleys1 that stretch before me here at this moment4 ,i am well1 but much worn out with my last course of public readings1 which ,i had just ended in ,boston4 ,my daughters are well1 and write to me tolerably frequently2 the eldest seems happy and contented in her marriage2 your small acquaintance1 ,fanny1 writes to me from ,savannah of sitting with the doors and windows wide open1 and wiping the perspiration from her face in the meantime2 and here everything is buried in snow4 ,i shall wait till ,i return to ,boston to finish this1 as ,i shall hope to send you then news of the arrival of your pictures4 ,wednesday1 ,march #ad4 ,your pictures are arrived1 my dear ,mr4 ,leighton2 they reached ,boston last week while ,i was absent at ,lenox4 ,i only returned yesterday evening1 and found a letter from ,mr4 ,cabot announcing that they were at the ,athenaeum2 thither ,i went this morning1 and spent a most delightful half-hour in looking at them4 ,i like the ,samson very much indeed2 ,i think it is beautiful1 and am charmed with the treatment of the subject1 though you have chosen a different moment for illustration from the one ,i had imagined4 ,this evening ,i have been having a long conversation with ,mr4 ,ordway about the future destinations of the pictures4 ,i am little sanguine1 ,i regret to say1 about their being bought here1 for the only rich picture purchaser that ,i know here has a predilection for ,french works of art1 small tableaux de genre1 and ,troyon's landscapes4 ,however1 it must be tried4 ,mr4 ,ordway says he will exhibit your pictures in the ,athenaeum1 which 7should they be sold while there7 will save you your commission1 because1 being an artist himself1 he will not charge you any4 ,if after due experiment they do not seem likely to sell here1 we will send them to ,new ,york1 and then to ,philadelphia2 in short1 the best that can be done for them shall1 as far as my agency is concerned1 you may be sure4 ,,boston1 ,thursday1 ,march #ae4 ,i have this moment received your letter of the #beth ,february1 for which ,i thank you very much4 ,it does not require any further answer with regard to your pictures1 of the safe arrival of which ,i wrote you word last night4 ,i did not tell you1 by-the-bye1 that they are both slightly streaked across from side to side with what ,mr4 ,ordway thinks must have been small infiltrations of sea-water2 he says the pictures are not injured by them1 nor do they indeed appear to be so in the least1 and that he can wipe off the stains with no damage whatever to them4 ,thank you for all you tell me of my sister2 it is not much1 indeed1 nor very cheerful1 but it is more than reaches me through any other channel1 and far better than the miserable conjectures of absolute ignorance4 ,dear ,mr4 ,leighton1 thank you a thousand times for the portrait of ,westbury--it is exactly what ,i wished for--but1 oh1 why could there not be the lovely upland beyond1 and the sheep slowly rolling up and down the slopes1 and the tinkle of the bell1 and you and she and they and all of us4 ,oh dear1 if you could conceive what it is to me to be here1 you would know a thousand times better than ,i can tell you how precious such a memento of there is to me4 ,thank you1 too1 for the good inspiration of telling me about the change of place of the pictures at ,westbury2 it is wonderful how much one small particular has power to bring the whole of what surrounds it1 back to the mind1 and what vividness it gives to the picture that1 in spite of the distinctness with which it was stamped upon the memory1 becomes so soon1 and yet so unconsciously1 obliterated in the minor parts that give it charm and vitality4 ,i spent a long hour to-day again looking at your pictures and wishing most heartily that ,i could afford to buy them both4 ,good-bye1 dear ,mr4 ,leighton2 ,i shall leave this open till to-morrow1 in case ,i should hear anything more about them before ,i go4 ,i enclose the receipts for what ,i have paid4 ,i suppose it is all right1 but it seems a most monstrous price for mere conveyance1 and indeed reminds us that our humorous forefathers called stealing conveying4 ,,lenox1 ,,berkshire1 ,,massachusetts1 ,friday1 ,april #bg4 ,your pictures are at present in the ,new ,york ,exhibition4 ,mr4 ,ordway tells me that it is extremely rare for pictures to sell without the intervention of dealers4 ,in this country they cry down and undervalue all pictures that are not expressly committed to them1 and the ignorance of the rich shopkeepers who purchase works of ,art1 is so excessive that they do not feel safe in making any acquisition without the advice and permission of some charlatan of a dealer1 to whom these wiseacres come saying 7verbatim1 so ,mr4 ,ordway informed me71 ,i want some pictures2 can't you recommend any to me8 and then1 of course1 the picture-dealer recommends what brings him the highest percentage2 and the man who buys pictures exactly like looking-glasses1 window-curtains1 or any other furniture for a new house1 departs satisfied that he possesses a work of ,art4 ,the things that are bought and sold here in the shape of pictures1 and the things that are said about them1 vous feraient pouffer de rire1 if you did not live in this country4 ,if you did1 they would be like many other proofs of the semi-civilisation of the people1 that would be rather doleful than otherwise to you4 ,thank you for all you tell about my sister and her children4 ,i feel very much both for my sister and ,anne in their separation4 ,i have just parted with my maid ,marie1 who has lived with me fifteen years1 and who leaves me now because her health is so much broken down that her physician tells her1 she must go to some other climate or she will die4 ,so she is gone1 and here ,i remain absolutely alone1 looking1 not for the wrath to come1 but what may be supposed no bad instalment of it--the advent of four new servants with whom ,i am to begin housekeeping in my small cottage next week4 ,just before leaving ,boston ,i saw ,hetty ,hosmer4 ,she has come home to her poor old paralytic father1 who1 ,i suppose1 is not likely to live very long4 ,whenever the event of his death happens1 ,hetty will gather up her substance1 and depart hence for the rest of her natural or artistic life4 ,she is very little changed in appearance1 and only a little in manner4 ,she seemed very glad to see me1 and so was ,i to see her1 for she represented to my memory a whole world of things and places and people that ,i am fond of4 ,i have not seen ,lord ,lyon1 and do not expect to do so1 as ,i understand he does not mean to stir from ,washington all the summer1 and thither ,i shall assuredly not go1 though ,i would go a good way to see him4 ,i'm told he lives in dread of being married by some fair ,american1 and it is not always a thing that a man can escape2 but he is too good for that1 and ,i trust will not succumb to these intrepid little flirts4 ,good-bye1 dear ,mr4 ,leighton2 ,i have a settled nostalgia1 which is the saddest thing in the world4 ,your sketch of ,westbury is always before me1 and your letters are the most kindly return you could possibly make1 for any service that you could require of me4 ,i wish with all my heart ,i might have the great pleasure of writing you1 now that one of your pictures was sold4 ,addio4 ,,lenox1 ,friday1 ,june #g4 ,thank you1 dear ,frederic ,leighton1 for your letter and the photographs1 by means of which1 and your description1 ,i have a sort of vision 7not quite what the ,yankees call a realising sense7 of your pictures4 ,the girl at the fountain is charming1#bj the other beautiful and terrible1 as it should be4#ba ,i can well imagine the beautiful effect the sentiment of the picture must receive from that regretful return1 as it were1 of the daylight that has set upon the poor people for ever4 ,in the ,english newspapers that are sent to me ,i looked eagerly among the notices of the ,exhibition for your name1 and read the meagre little bit allotted to each picture4 ,i was especially delighted with the critic who thinks your ,paolo and ,francesca too earthly in the intensity of their passions4 ,the gentleman apparently forgets that it was not in ,heaven that ,dante met these poor things4 ,with regard to your other pictures1 dear ,mr4 ,leighton1 ,i think you are right to withdraw them from ,america4 ,i wish with all my heart that ,i could have presented myself with one of those pictures2 however1 that is one of the vainest of all human desires4 ,my income is already docked of two hundred pounds this year by the disastrous state of public affairs2 but1 of course1 if one is in the midst of a falling house1 one can hardly hope to avoid bruises and broken bones4 ,the attitude of ,england is highly unsatisfactory to the ,north1 who now choose to consider the whole action of the ,government a crusade against slavery--which it is not1 and was not1 and will not be except in the ,new ,england state where the ,abolitionist party has always been strongest1 and where the character of the people is more of the nature to make fighters for abstract principles4 ,the ,southerners hate the ,yankees1 and vice versa1 for this very reason2 and if the crisis comes really to anything like fighting1 the ,new ,england1 especially the ,massachusetts men1 will probably fight very maliciously as against slaveholders1 and the slaveholders against them as ,abolitionists1 which they now are1 pretty much to a man4 ,a huge volunteer force is levying and being prepared for action2 but in spite of the very unanimous feeling of the ,north and ,north-,west1 and the warlike attitude of the ,south1 ,i shall not believe in anything deserving the name of war till ,i see it4 ,the ,south is without resources that can avail for a six months' struggle4 ,the ,north has a huge1 unarmed1 undisciplined force of men at its command2 but the ,southerners do not want to fight1 and neither do the ,northerners2 but if any combination of circumstances 7and of course matters cannot stand still1 especially with the border states all au pied en l'air7 should occasion any collision accompanied with considerable effusions of blood1 ,i believe the ,north would pour itself upon the ,southern ,states and annihilate the secessionist party4 ,it is extremely difficult to foresee the probable course of events1 but ,i believe eventually the ,southern ,states will be obliged to return to their allegiance1 and then ,i believe the ,north will1 once for all1 legislate for the future limiting of the curse of slavery to those states where it now exists1 and where1 of course1 under such circumstances1 it would very soon cease to exist1 as if it cannot extend itself it must die4 ,in one sense slavery is undoubtedly the cause of the present disastrous crisis--and in the profoundest sense1 for the character of the ,southerners is the immediate result of these infernal institutions2 and but for ,southern slavery ,southern ,chivalry1 that arrogant1 insolent1 ignorant1 ferocious and lawless race of men1 would never have existed4 ,oh1 how thankful ,i shall be to be at home once more6 ,farewell1 dear ,mr4 ,leighton2 pray1 if there is anything special to be done about your pictures1 write to me and let me have the pleasure of doing something for you4 ,oh1 ,i am so enraged that ,i could not get them sold2 and yet though you may not think it1 ,i should have thought it a pity for them to have to live the rest of their lives here4 ,thank you again for the photographs2 ,i look at them constantly4 ,all such things are like being lifted into another atmosphere from that which surrounds and stifles one here4 ,believe me always your obliged and sincere friend1 ,,fanny ,,kemble4 ,emil ,devrient's was the best ,hamlet ,i ever saw4 ,it would not have been if my father's had not been too smooth and harmonious4 ,i hope ,i shall see ,fechter's4 ,,lenox1 ,thursday1 ,october #aa4 ,how good an inspiration it was that made you send that beautiful photograph to me6 ,it came to me really like a special providence1 on the day when ,i had parted from my children for an indefinite time1 and with more than usual sadness and anxiety2 for my eldest child's health has failed completely since her confinement1 and she came to me for a visit of ten days only1 looking like the doomed1 wan image of some woman whose enemies were wasting her by witchcraft4 ,my small comfortless home was intolerably lonely to me1 and towards sunset ,i went out to find some fortitude under the open sky4 ,i wandered into a copse of beech trees that clothe the steep sides of a miniature ravine with a brook at the bottom1 and here gathered a handful of the beautiful blue fringed gentian 7do you know that exquisite flower that grows wild in the woods here874 ,the little glen with its clusters of mysterious blue blossoms was all but dark1 but1 emerging from it1 ,i stood where ,i saw a wide valley flooded with the evening light1 and hills beyond rising in waves of amber and smoke colour and dark purple2 it was so beautiful that it cannot be imagined4 ,the autumn has turned all the trees into gold and jewels1 like the enchanted growth of fairy-land1 and the whole world1 as ,i saw it from the entrance of that shadowy dell1 looked as if it was made of precious metals and precious stones4 ,i was very sad1 and stood thinking of our ,saviour and the widow of ,nain1 and how pitiful ,he was to sorrowful human creatures1 and with some sparks of comfort in my heart ,i returned home1 where ,i found your letter waiting for me4 ,i have told you all this of my previous state of mind and feeling1 because--without knowing that--you could not conceive how like an express message of consolation your work appeared to me4 ,may it be blessed to many hearts for admonition and for consolation as it was to mine1 dear ,mr4 ,leighton4 ,it is no wonder that it seemed to me beautiful1 and ,i do not think ,i shall ever sufficiently disconnect it with this first impression1 to be able to judge of its merit as a work of art2 it was1 as ,i said before1 a special ,providence to me4 ,i long to have it framed and hung where ,i can see it constantly4 ,i have within the last few days moved into a house which ,i have hired for the next two years4 ,it is all but in the village of ,lenox1 and yet so situated that it commands from the windows of every room a most beautiful prospect4 ,the whole landscape is a harmonious confusion of small valleys and hills1 rolling and falling within and around and beyond each other1 like folds of rich and majestic drapery4 ,oh1 what lights and shadows roam and rest over these hill-sides and in the hollows between them6 ,the country is very thickly wooded1 and the woods are literally of every colour in the rainbow1 all mixed together under a sky1 the peculiar characteristic of which is not so much softness or brightness1 as a transparent purity that seems as if there was no atmosphere betwixt oneself and the various objects one sees4 ,i expect this would make it difficult to paint these beautiful aspects of nature here2 but1 oh1 how ,i do wish you could see it1 for1 in the matter of ,american autumnal colouring1 seeing alone is believing4 ,the house itself is very tolerably comfortable1 but hideous to behold both within and without2 and ,i have begun my residence in it under rather depressing circumstances1 i4e4 without being able to obtain the necessary servants for the decent comfort of my daily existence4 ,ever since the beginning of ,may ,i have been endeavouring1 in vain1 to procure and keep together a decent household4 ,not for one single week have ,i had my proper complement of people in the house1 and ,i have done every species of house-work myself1 from cleaning the cellar and kitchen to washing the tea-cups2 it is a state of things as incredible as the colour of the autumn woods1 and as peculiar1 thank ,god1 to ,america4 ,i am now making my last experiment by trying coloured servants4 ,their manners and deportment are generally much better than those of either the ,irish or ,american1 and they seem capable of personal attachment to their employers1 which neither of the other races are4 ,the incessant worry1 discomfort1 and positive fatigue that ,i have undergone during the whole summer has completely shaken my nerves1 so that ,i have been in a sort of hysterical condition of constant weeping for some time past4 ,i trust1 however1 it will not be so wretched now1 for ,i am at any rate close to the village inn1 and if ,i am left without servants1 can go there and get some food2 it is a state of existence qu'on ne s'imagine pas4 ,you will not wonder1 after all this1 to hear that ,i declined a ticket to the ,prince's ball at ,new ,york1 to which the whole population of the ,united ,states are struggling to get admittance2 but at the best of times ,i am not gamesome1 and feel as if ,i had swept my own rooms quite too recently to be fit company for my ,queen's son4 ,thank you1 dear ,mr4 ,leighton1 for all you tell me about my sister and the children2 she never writes1 you know1 and so ,i am thirsty all the time for some tidings of her4 ,it is very sad to be so far away and hear so seldom from those one loves4 ,good-bye1 ,god bless you2 and thank you once more for the ,vision4 ,i am sorry ,i cannot tell you of the sale of either of your pictures2 they are in the ,boston ,athenaeum1 very safe1 and highly ornamental to it1 but not1 ,i regret to say1 sold4 ,if you wish me to do anything more about them1 you must write me your directions1 which ,i will fulfil with every attention and accuracy of which ,i am capable4 ,,lenox1 ,sunday1 ,november #aa4 ,i trust before long you will receive your children safe and sound4 ,i wish the two hundred pounds ,i have lost this year had been invested in one of those pictures instead of in ,st4 ,louis4 ,thank you for your account of ,adelaide and her children2 it is not much1 but it is all that much better than nothing4 ,the state of the country is very sad1 and any probable termination of the war quite out of calculable distance4 ,england1 no doubt1 will maintain her absolute neutrality in spite of secession1 cotton1 and anti-slavery sympathies2 it is her only part4 ,good-bye1 dear ,mr4 ,leighton4 ,i beg you will not scruple to write me now if there is anything more that ,i can do1 either in the matter of the pictures or any other by which ,i can be of use to you here4 ,,new ,,york1 ,sunday1 ,march #aj4 ,i am sure you have not forgotten the charming farmhouse at ,west ,mion1 to which you and your sketch-book were the means of introducing us1 ---- farm3 well1 his brother is one of the richest shopkeepers in ,new ,york--and1 upon the strength of my visit to the paternal acres in ,hampshire1 his wife1 a funny little specimen of vivacious vulgarity1 called upon me1 and ,i1 of course1 upon her4 ,i was shown into a drawing-room at least thirty feet long1 with two massive white marble chimney-pieces1 green silk brocade curtains and furniture to match1 magnificent carpets1 mirrors1 gildings1 hideous works in marble on scagliola pillars--in short1 the most marvellous palace of shopkeepers' beaux ideaux that you can conceive2 through this to a beautifully fitted-up library2 through this to a picture gallery1 noble seigneur1 pensez y bien6 ,oh1 my dear ,frederic ,leighton1 it was enough to make one fall down and foam at the mouth1 to see such a hideous collection of daubs and to think of the money hanging on those walls2 and then ,i thought of your pictures1 and why the wretched man couldn't have procured them for some of his foolish money2 and then ,i begged your pardon internally for the desecration of imagining your pictures in such company2 and then ,i gazed amusedly about me1 and at length gave tongue3 ,mr4 ----1 said ,i1 this is a vastly different residence from the old homestead in ,hampshire4 ,the worthy man could not see in my heart which way the balance of preference inclined1 and answered with benignant self-satisfaction3 ,ah1 well1 you see1 ma'am1 they've been going on there for the last ,i don't know how many hundred years1 just about in the same social position2 they haven't a notion of the rapidity of our progress here4 ,i hate to advise you to have your pictures back1 for there really does seem to me to be a greedy desire for pictures 7,i cannot qualify in any other way the taste which covets and buys such things7 here2 but ,i suppose pictures1 at any rate1 must be what these people want1 and will not buy dear and good ones1 when cheap and nasty do as well4 ,i think1 while ,i am here in ,new ,york1 ,i shall take the liberty of making some further inquiry as to whether the great print and picture seller here does not think they could be seen to selling advantage in his shop2 in short1 it throws me into a melancholy rage to think what pictures are bought while yours are not4 ,the state of this country is curious--strange and deplorable beyond precedent in history1 it seems to me2 and it is absolutely impossible to foresee to what issue things are tending4 ,the opinions one hears are all coloured by the particular bias of the speaker1 and the confusion is so great in the general excitement of sectional partisanship that even one of the members--and a very influential one--of the peace convention sent to ,washington for the purpose of proposing terms of conciliation--which should not1 however1 compromise the ,northern principles--said that nothing had been done1 that all was sound and fury1 and signifying nothing--or if anything at present1 the confirmed secession of the ,southern1 the disruption from the ,north of the ,northern slave ,states1 and1 not impossibly1 civil war4 ,of course1 the more time elapses in palavering before the first fatal blow is struck1 the less probability there is of its being struck at all2 but1 on the other hand1 the longer the present state of things continues1 the more accustomed people become to the idea of the dismemberment of the ,union1 and therefore1 though the clangour of an appeal to arms diminishes1 so ,i think does the prospect of anything like making up the family quarrel--indeed1 if it were patched1 and soldered to the very best1 ,i do not believe that it will ever hold water again2 but it is impossible to foresee from day to day what may be the turn of events4 ,if ,i live till a year from this summer ,i will be in ,england in ,july1 and if ,i live till the ,november after that ,i will be in ,rome1 and you and ,edward and ,adelaide have my full permission to come too4 ,good-bye1 dear ,mr4 ,leighton4 ,your letters are a great comfort as well as pleasure to me2 ,i am extremely obliged to you for them4 ,i showed my daughter the photograph of your ,vision1 and she was enchanted with it4 ,she has not a cultivated or educated taste in matters of art--this country affords no means for such a thing--but she is a person of very fine natural perceptions and great imagination and sensibility1 and she was so charmed with it that ,i hope you will not think it foolish or impertinent in me to tell you of it4 ,the last political news ,i have is that the border or ,northern slave ,states will probably not join the cotton states1 in which case the latter will1 of hard necessity1 very soon be compelled to abandon their absurd and infinitely perilous position2 but one does not see the end of it all1 for if they do come back into the ,union1 it will be under a burning sense of humiliation which will hardly facilitate their future intercourse with the ,north1 for humiliation and humility are difficult things1 and the cotton ,lucifer under coercion will not be a pleasant devil to deal with4 ,,lenox1 ,saturday1 ,september #g4 ,you owe me nothing1 and you will owe me nothing1 dear ,mr4 ,leighton1 for expediting your pictures to ,england4 ,when ,i wrote to ,mr4 ,ordway about them desiring him to send them back to you1 and to let me know the amount of any expenses he incurred in doing so1 his reply was that the mere cost of packing and putting them on board ship would not be worth charging you with1 and that the possession of your pictures in his gallery was well worth the small outlay of merely despatching them to you4 ,i hope they will reach you safely4 ,i am sorry1 sorry they have not remained here2 but latterly1 as you will easily believe1 people's minds have been little inclined to the peaceful arts or any influences of beauty and grace2 moreover1 the pockets of the wealthiest amateurs are affected1 as those of their poorer neighbours are1 by the public disasters4 ,my own loss this year is two hundred pounds of my income4 ,what it may be next year1 or how far my capital itself is safe1 is more than anybody can tell4 ,we are to be taxed moreover beyond all precedent in this country hitherto1 and as it is already nearly the dearest place in the world to live in1 what with onerous imports and the failure of interest from one's investments it will be simply ruinous4 ,thank you for all you tell me of my sister and her children4 ,i am beginning to see them again1 as the time when ,i may really hope to do so draws nearer4 ,i am sorry for what you and all my friends tell me about ,harry's strong dramatic propensities4 ,of course1 if he is fit for nothing else1 or fitter for that than anything else1 he had better become an actor1 and his being so in ,england need not prevent his being a worthy fellow and respectable and respected member of society4 ,i am1 however1 much reconciled to what at first disappointed me extremely--my not being able to bring him out to this country2 for if he should eventually take to the stage1 here that is simply in most instances equivalent to taking to the gutter4 ,my daughters are both with me just now1 and ,fanny desires me to remember her very kindly to you4 ,the incidents of the war which reach the other side of the water no doubt strike you as amazing enough2 but anything more grotesque than the daily details in the midst of which we live1 you cannot conceive4 ,a young gentleman1 a friend of ours who has just returned from his share in the campaign in a three months' volunteer regiment 7he has entered the regular army1 as a very large proportion of the volunteers did as soon as their three months' amateur service expired71 described to us a volunteer corps which happened to be encamped in the neighbourhood of his company4 ,he said they were one of the finest bodies of men he ever saw4 ,lumberers1 that is1 wood-fellers from the forests of ,maine and ,new ,hampshire1 perfectly brave and reckless and daring--perfectly undisciplined too1 to the tune of replying to their officers when ordered to turn out on guard1 ,no1 ,i'll be damned if ,i do1 with the most cheerful good humour4 ,thereupon the discomfited superior simply turns to some one else and says1 ,oh1 well--you're so and so--go4 ,good-bye2 ,i shall rejoice to see you again1 and be once more at home among people who know how to behave themselves4--,believe me1 always yours most sincerely1 ,,fanny ,,kemble4 ,after the ,prince ,consort's death in #ahfa ,leighton wrote the following letter to his younger sister1 who was in ,italy3 ,i have just returned from a fortnight in ,bath1 where ,i have at last finished the ,johnnies1#bb ,i believe1 and hope you will like them2 they are at all events much improved4 ,i am glad for the poor lad that the corvee of settling is over2 he was dying to get back to his work4 ,if zeal and enthusiasm can make an artist1 he ought to become one4 ,i don't attempt to give you home news1 as you are amply supplied with that article by ,mamma4 ,everybody here is in great sorrow for the poor ,queen4 ,she bears up under her overwhelming grief with admirable fortitude1 and expresses her anxious desire to do her duty as he would have wished it1 but she speaks of all earthly happiness as at an end4 ,the tender sympathy manifested by the whole nation is touching1 but deserved4 ,whether there will be war or not1 the beginning of the year will show2 it is1 ,i think1 more than probable2 there is no probability of the ,americans giving up ,mason and ,slidell4 ,if we do fight1 it will be agreeable to feel that we are supported by the sympathy and approval of all ,europe2 that we are entirely in the right is universally recognised1 even by those who have no love for us4 ,sooner or later1 a war with ,america was1 ,i fear1 unavoidable4 ,there is a limit to what even we can overlook4 ,all this need not prevent your coming to ,england that ,i can see2 it won't stop the ,exhibition1 nor make any perceptible difference in anybody's doings1 except perhaps the picture buyers4--,your very affect4 brother1 ,,fred4 ,sunday1 #ahfb4 ,arrived here safe and sound on ,thursday night1 and began my work on ,friday4 ,i am making studies#bc for the ,eastern ,king which ,i shall begin to paint shortly after ,new ,year4 ,i found the frame for the large ,johnny on my return4 ,it improves the picture very much1 and looks very handsome4 ,i also found a letter from ,henry ,greville waiting for me4 ,he says the ,queen bears up admirably1 because1 she says1 he would have wished it1 but that she always talks of her earthly career as at an end4 ,the equerries1 c41 will remain attached to the court4 ,in #ahfb ,leighton sent eight pictures to the ,royal ,academy1 and six were accepted4 ,before the sending in he writes to his father3-- #ahfb4 ,,dear ,,papa1--,i am afraid ,i don't take exercise very regularly1 still1 ,i walk a little nearly every day4 ,with regard to the volunteering1 the zeal for the matter is necessarily not what it was when every third man really expected to be called to defend the country4 ,nevertheless1 the movement is not dead1 but has found a level on which ,i fancy it will remain2 the shooting will keep it together a good deal4 ,we 7the artists7 shall join the great business at ,brighton on ,easter ,monday4 ,had ,i thought you would have taken my remark about the ,m4 ,angelo and the ,johnnies so much to heart1 ,i should have thought twice before ,i made it4 ,against what ,i said you must set the paragraph in the ,athenaeum two or three weeks back--my doubt is not whether they will be admired--,i think they will be that--my only question is whether they will be cared for4 ,mrs4 ,austin admires and likes the ,m4,a4 beyond anything1 and if she could afford it would1 ,i believe1 buy it at once4 ,you will perhaps be surprised to hear that the pictures from which ,i expect most are the three which you have not seen--the ,eastern ,king and the two others ,i mentioned in my last4 ,one of them is ,pocock's smaller order1 a girl with a swan 7not with peacocks as the ,athen4 says7--the other is a kitcat of a girl listening to a shell4 ,both these are very luminous1 and are in that respect the best things ,i have done4 ,and later3-- ,,london1 #ahfb4 ,,dear ,,papa1--,i think ,i may confirm the report made to you of the success of my pictures1 particularly the ,odalisque and ,echoes 7by-the-bye1 ,i have just received a letter from somebody who wants to know if they are sold74 ,what the papers say1 you have seen4 ,you will be glad to hear that ,i have received congratulations on all sides1 which gives me the idea of being tolerably secure2 at all events1 ,i got no such last year1 nor indeed at all since the ,cimabue4 ,that two of my pictures should not have been accepted does not indeed surprise me1 and least of all would it do so if they were rejected on the score of number1 but ,i have reason to suspect that they were not liked2 in fact ,i know it4 ,i have put my name down as a candidate for associateship4 ,i don't think ,i have anything of interest to communicate2 nobody has as yet asked the price of the ,eastern ,king or the ,michael ,angelo4 ,there is no mistake now about what people in this country like to buying point2 whether ,i shall conform to their taste is another question4 ,pocock liked the ,michael ,ang4 much1 but did not seem to wish to have it4 ,the same remark applies to the ,johnnies4 ,millais has been1 and liked the yellow woman#bd extremely4 ,i think he liked them all of their kind1 but the yellow woman was his favourite by far4 ,stephens has also seen my pictures4 ,he seemed altogether much pleased1 but most especially with the design for the ,eastern ,king1 which is also ,fred ,cockerell's favourite4 ,to his mother he wrote3-- #ahfb4 ,i have deferred answering your letter till now1 that ,i might be able to inform you definitely of my fate as regards the ,royal ,academy4 ,i have just been there2 ,i must tell you at once the least pleasant part of my news--they have rejected the large ,johnny and ,lord ,cowper4 ,on the other hand1 the other pictures are well hung2 two 7the ,odalisque and the yellow woman71 very well1 being on the line in the ,east ,room4 ,the ,michael ,angelo1 the ,e4 ,king1 and the shell girl are just above the line and well seen--the small ,johnny just below the line4 ,i think the pictures all look well1 though not so luminous as in the studio4 ,i am confirmed in my opinion that the ,academy ,exhibition is a false test of colour2 what looks sufficiently silvery there is chalky out of it4 ,the ,odalisque looks best from general aspects4 ,lady ,cowper wrote me a very nice note about the rejection of her son's portrait1 and said she was delighted to get it so soon4 ,i am sorry about the large ,johnny1 because my chance of selling it is much diminished4 ,that ,leighton received great encouragement from personal friends there can be no doubt4 ,the following is one of very many letters he received which expressed warm appreciation4 #fd ,,rutland ,,gate4 ,,my ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,leighton1--,i do not know how to express my thanks to you4 ,i have this moment come home and found your beautiful drawing1 and can hardly hold my pen1 ,i am in such a state of delight at possessing such a reminiscence of my favourite picture4 ,you really do not know what pleasure you have given me1 and ,i think it too kind of you to have parted with this to give to me4 ,one thing you may be quite sure of1 that the ,eastern ,king will receive the greatest homage to the end of days from his devoted admirer and your sincere friend1 ,,mary ,,sartoris4#be ,past ,midnight1 ,tuesday4 ,among ,leighton's friends was ,charles ,dickens4 ,the following notes1 written in #ahfc1 have turned up in a packet of miscellaneous correspondence3-- ,,office ,,of ,,all ,,the ,,year ,,round1 ,,no4 #bf ,,wellington ,,street1 ,,strand1 ,,london1 ,w4,c41 ,thursday1 ,april #i1 #ahfc4 ,,my ,,dear ,,leighton1--,i owe you many thanks for your kind reminder4 ,it would have given me real pleasure to have profited by it had such profit been possible1 but a hasty summons to attend upon a sick friend at a distance so threw me out on ,friday and ,saturday in obliging me to prepare for a rush across the ,channel1 that ,i saw no pictures and had no holiday4 ,i was blown back here only last night1 and believe that ,i shall deliver your message to ,mrs4 ,collins to-day2 that is to say1 ,i am going home this afternoon and expect to find her there4 ,when the summer weather comes on1 ,i shall try to persuade you to come and see us on the top of ,falstaff's ,hill4 ,a hop country is not to be despised by an artist's eyes4--,faithfully yours always1 ,,charles ,,dickens4 ,,gad',s ,,hill ,,place1 ,,higham ,,by ,,rochester1 ,,kent1 ,saturday1 ,july #ah1 #ahfc4 ,,my ,,dear ,,leighton1--,shall ,i confess it8 ,i never went out to breakfast in my life1 except once to ,rogers'4 ,but what ,i might have done under this temptation is a question forestalled by my having engaged to go down to ,bulwer ,lytton's in ,hertfordshire on ,monday1 to stay a few days4--,cordially yours1 ,,charles ,,dickens4 ,it was in #ahfc that ,leighton paid the notable visit to his friend of the ,roman days1 ,george ,mason1 to whom the world's ,art owes so much4 ,assuredly1 without ,leighton's encouragement and help1 those lovely idylls which stand with the most precious treasures of the ,english school of painting would never have been created4 ,mason had returned to ,england in #ahef2 he married and settled in his own manor-house1 ,wetley ,abbey4 ,children were born and expenses increased1 and little or nothing was there with which to meet them4 ,after ,rome ,england seemed a hopeless place to work in1 and ,mason's surroundings were quite dumb to his artistic sense4 ,leighton1 when he heard of his depression and poverty1 sought him out in his rural retreat1 beamed mental sunshine on his spirits1 made him walk with him1 pointing out the pictorial beauties of ,mason's own native country1 and ended by taking him a tour through the ,black ,country4 ,mason's poetic sense was again awakened2 an artistic purpose was again inspired2 and1 feeling the despair of hopeless poverty removed 7,leighton was ever ready with substantial aid71 he painted the pictures for which the world has so much reason to be grateful4 ,when in #ahgb--nine years after this visit--,george ,mason died1 ,leighton arranged for a sale of his pictures and property1 from the proceeds of which his wife and children obtained an income of ,l#fjj a year4 ,leighton wrote to ,mrs4 ,matthews at the time of ,mason's death3 ,poor ,mason's death has been a great shock to me1 though indeed ,i should have been prepared for it at any time4 ,his loss is quite irreparable for ,english ,art1 for he stood entirely alone in his especial charm1 and he was one of the most lovable of men besides4 ,,footnotes3 #h ,the critics1 judging from the following extracts1 were amiably inclined towards him that year3--,among the pictures familiar to ,london loungers of #aheh1 is ,mr4 ,f4 ,leighton's scene from ',romeo and ,juliet1' a work lost and1 it may be submitted1 undervalued1 owing to the disadvantageous place given it in ,trafalgar ,square4 ,the depth and richness of its colour1 the picturesque manner in which the story is told1 the contrast in some of the heads1 that1 for instance1 of ,friar ,lawrence1 hopeful in the consciousness of knowledge of ,juliet's secret1 with that of the entrancing maiden of ,verona1 or again with that of the weeping nurse1 whose grief is a trifle too accentue4 ,the truthful conception and careful labour of this picture have now a chance of being appreciated1 and but that ,pre-,raphaelitism is resolute not to give in1 might fairly have entitled it to the prize bestowed elsewhere4--,athenaeum1 #aheh4 ,we will take the second-named gentleman first1 and come at once to his ',fisherman and ,syren4' ,the picture is not of any commanding size1 nor does it relate any very exciting legend4 ,the story is of the mystic ,undine tinge1 and with a shadowy semblance in it to that strange legend1 current among the peasants of ,southern ,russia1 of the ',white ,lady' with the long hair1 who1 with loving and languishing gestures1 decoys the unwary into her fantastic skiff1 then1 pressing her baleful lips to theirs1 folds them to her fell embrace1 and drags them shrieking beneath the engulfing waves4 ,the ',fisherman and ,syren' of ,mr4 ,leighton has something of this unreal1 legendary fatality pervading it throughout4 ,there is irresistible seductiveness on the one side1 pusillanimous fondness on the other4 ,that it is all over with the fisherman1 and that the syren will have her wicked will of him to his destruction1 is palpable4 ,but it is not alone for the admirable manner in which the story is told that we commend this picture2 the drawing is eruditely correct1 most graceful1 and most symmetrical4 ,the syren is a model of form in its most charming undulations4 ,the fisherman is a type of manly elegance4 ,that ,mr4 ,leighton understands1 to its remotest substructure1 the vital principle of the line of beauty1 is pleasurably manifest4 ,but there is evidence here even more pleasing that the painter1 in the gift of a glowing imagination1 and a refined ideality1 in his mastery of the nobler parts of pictorial manipulation1 is worthy to be reckoned among the glorious brotherhood of disciples of the ,italian masters--of the grand old men whose pictures1 faded and time-worn as they are1 in the ,national ,gallery hard by1 laugh to scorn the futile fripperies that depend for half their sheen on gilt frames and copal varnish4 ,this young artist is one of ,langis' and ,nasasi's men4 ,he has plainly drunk long and eagerly at the painter's ,castaly4 ,the fount of beauty and of grace that assuaged the thirst of those who painted the ',monna ,lisa' and the ',belle ,jardiniere'2 who modelled the ',horned ,moses' and the ',slave'2 who designed ,peter's great ,basilica1 and the ,ghiberti ,gates at ,florence4--,daily ,telegraph1 #crd ,may #aheh4 #i ,the ,prince of ,wales1 who lent the picture to the exhibition of ,leighton's works at ,burlington ,house1 #ahig4 #aj ,mr4 ,augustus ,craven's wife1 nee ,pauline la ,ferronnay1 was the authoress of the famous book1 ,le ,recit d'une soeur1 in which several of the most charming scenes took place at ,naples4 #aa ,mr4 ,george ,aitchison wrote3 ,in #ahei1 while at ,capri1 he drew the celebrated ,lemon ,tree1 working from daylight to dusk for a week or two1 and giving large details in the margin of the snails on the tree4 #ab ,the drawing had been lent to ,ruskin at the time he was lecturing at ,oxford4 #ac ,leighton knew ,mr4 ,chorley through ,mrs4 ,sartoris4 ,he accompanied the great cantatrice when she made a tour abroad4 ,mrs4 ,kemble's children and their nurse are with them1 and ,mary ,anne ,thackeray1 a life-long friend1 and ,mr4 ,chorley1 and the great ,liszt1 who subsequently joined them in ,germany4--,preface by ,mrs4 ,r4 ,ritchie to ,a ,week in a ,french ,country ,house1 by ,mrs4 ,adelaide ,sartoris4 #ad ,leighton was perfectly right4 ,orphee was produced at ,covent ,garden1 and the great artist1 ,madame ,viardot1 sang in it superbly4 ,the opera was given after one or two acts of a well-known work1 and ,i can vouch for the fact1 having been one of the audience1 that the house was very nearly empty at the close of ,orphee1 ,lord ,dudley and a very few true lovers of music only remaining in the stalls to the end4 #ae ,the lady was ,mrs4 ,sandbach1 a ,hollandaise1 who was ,maid of ,honour to the ,queen of ,holland4 ,in after years1 on an occasion when she and ,i paid a visit together to ,leighton's studio in ,holland ,park ,road1 she recounted the incident above related by ,leighton1 which happened in the palace at the ,hague when she was in waiting4 ,she also added that from her description ,leighton painted what she had seen in her dream to perfection2 but that he subsequently added two amorini1 which in her opinion did much to mar the otherwise true feeling of the picture4 #af ,see sketches in the ,leighton ,house ,collection4 ,the picture itself is1 ,i believe1 in ,america4 #ag ,ibid4 #ah ,a visitor to ,leighton's private view wrote him the following suggestions3-- #ac ,,chester ,,terrace1 ,n4,w41 ,easter ,monday4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,leighton1--,pardon intrusion4 ,i thought much of your beautiful pictures after my yesterday's visit1 and ,i anticipated a struggle with the difficulty you mentioned of worthily naming them4 ,don't think me impertinent for volunteering the result4 ,it seemed impossible without verbal description to explain the sacred subject to the profane imagination1 while a prose translation of its sentiment must be heavy and subversive of romance4 ,i think1 were ,i fortunate enough to own the picture1 ,i would call it ,not ,yet1 and ,i would put some little lines in the catalogue1 which1 for aught any one knows1 might have come from some volume of rhyme1 and which should explain that it is a story of a dream1 and that the rejection is not final3 something in this spirit1 only better3-- ,not yet--not yet-- ,still there is trial for thee1 still the lot ,to bear 7the ,father wills it7 strife and care1 ,with this sweet consciousness in balance set ,against the world1 to soothe thy suffering there4 ,thy ,lord rejects thee not4 ,such tender words awoke me1 hopeful1 shriven1 ,to life on earth again from dream of heaven4 ,for the beauty at the fountain ,i once thought the best title might be some couplet like the following3-- ,so tranced and still half-dreamed she1 and half-heard ,the splash of fountain and the song of bird4 ,but my wife1 from my description of the picture1 suggested a name better suited to the suggestiveness of the work3-- ,lieder ohne ,worte3 don't you think it rather pretty8 ,in the multitude of counsellors some one says there's wisdom1 and this liberty we take with you may beget some thought that had not struck you4 ,i have ,mr4 ,cockerell's commands to express to you the gratification his visit afforded him and his sense of your kindness and attentions4--,i am1 faithfully yours1 ,,ralph ,a4 ,,benson4 ,another friend wrote of ,lieder ohne ,worte1 adding a poem suggested by the ,francesca3-- ,,trinity ,,house1 ,e4,c41 #hth ,april #ahfa4 ,,my ,,dear ,,leighton1--,if you did not paint better than ,i write you would not be the man of abounding promise that you are4 ,what ,i meant to say was that ,law and ,restraint are healthy life and the infraction of them ghostly death and dissolution1 and that meaning is in your picture1 whether you know it or not4 ,your daemon may have put it there1 but then you can trust your daemon4 ,still1 best love to the little girl at the fountain1 who knows that though ,speech may be silver1 ,silence is ,golden4--,ever yours1 with many thanks1 ,,robin ,,allen4 ,,fred4 ,,leighton1 ,esq4 ,,leighton',s ,,francesca ,,di ,,rimini4 ,that day they read no more4 ,virtue grows faint1 ,one hand lies powerless1 the wife's sweet face ,is half-convulsed by loss of self-restraint4 ,outstretched to resist1 remaining to embrace1 ,the extended arm will clasp her guilty lover1 ,and all the bright1 pure world beyond for her be over4 ,their very forms grow blurred and change their colour ,into dim snaky wreaths of purple pallor1 ,fading away with ,honour's fading ,law ,into the pale sad ghosts that ,dante saw2 ,which we too see1 crowned with departing glory1 ,when ,leighton's genius deepens ,dante's ,story4 ,r4,a4 #fth ,april #ahfa4 #ai ,d4,g4 ,rossetti1 in a letter to ,william ,allingham1 ,may #aj1 #ahfa1 writes3 ,leighton might1 as you say1 have made a burst had not his pictures been ill-placed mostly--indeed one of them 7the only very good one1 ,lieder ohne ,worte7 is the only instance of very striking unfairness in the place4 #bj ,lieder ohne ,worte4 #ba ,paolo and ,francesca4 #bb ,these two pictures were painted from ,john ,hanson ,walker4 ,leighton sent both to the ,royal ,academy ,exhibition of #ahfb with the titles ,duet and ,rustic ,music4 ,the first only was accepted4 #bc ,see water-colour and chalk drawings3 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #bd ,sea ,echoes4 #be ,the ,hon4 ,mrs4 ,alfred ,sartoris1 sister-in-law of ,leighton's friend1 ,mr4 ,edward ,sartoris4 ,,chapter ,,ii ,,illustrations ,,for ,,cornhill ,,magazine--,,fresco ,,for ,,lyndhurst ,,church--,,associate ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,academy--,,mrs4 ,,leighton',s ,,death #ahfc-ahfe ,in #ahfj ,leighton drew his first illustration for the ,cornhill ,magazine3-- ,translation4 ,friday1 #cjth ,november #ahfj4 ,,my ,,dear ,,friend ,,and ,,master1--,best thanks for your dear letter of the #gth1 thanks also especially1 because in your kind praise you do not spare criticism also2 you could give me no better proof that you still esteem and love your old pupil4 ,i feel the justice of your remarks about the drapery of the ,saviour very much1 and can only say in my excuse that ,i have treated this kind of subject very little1 for ,i am only really a profane fellow2 but should ,i at some future time again treat such a theme1 ,i should endeavour to avoid similar faults4 ,i send you this time1 for fun1 a proof impression of a woodcut after a drawing ,i made for one of our good monthly periodicals 7,the ,cornhill ,magazine74 ,it seems to me to be not bad for wood4 ,it illustrates a poem1 and represents ,ariadne kneeling on an eminence1 looking out for ,theseus4 ,this as a preliminary2 ,i hope to send you something in ,april4 ,,dearest ,,mammy1--,my wretched picture is causing more delays6 ,i am very sorry to say ,i shan't be able to get to ,bath before ,wednesday evening4 ,i am due at ,stourhead the #bgth2 this ,i cannot defer any more1 as ,i must be on duty with the ,rifle ,corps at the beginning of ,september1 and can't do all ,i have to do in less than a week--this will1 however1 still leave me three weeks1 all but two days1 at ,bath4 ,i enjoyed myself at ,panshanger very much--did ,i write to tell you who our party was8 ,in case ,i did not1 it was as follows3 ,henry ,greville1 ,lord and ,lady ,katherine ,valletort1 ,lord and ,lady ,spencer1 ,mrs4 ,leslie1 ,lord ,listowel1 ,mr4 ,clare ,vyner1 and ,mr4 ,e4 ,lascelles--all young people2 so that it was very pleasant4 ,there are1 as you know1 most beautiful pictures at ,panshanger--a magnificent ,vandyke1 a splendid ,rembrandt1 ,correggio1 ,andrea del ,sarto1 and two beautiful ,raphaels4 ,g4 ,smith sent me a kind note and a cheque to fill up for drawing in the ,cornhill 7,ariadne74 ,i put ten guineas1 telling him that ,i could not1 as a general rule1 interrupt my work for that sum1 but that ,i would not take more because the cut had turned out so extremely bad4 ,i am going to expend the money1 adding a few pounds1 on a cup1 to be shot for in the spring by our ,rifle ,corps4 ,arthur ,lewis has already given one1 and another of our men has promised a second prize to go with my cup4 ,my picture will be finished by the time ,i go to ,bath4 ,my eye is too accustomed to it to know whether it is successful2 ,i shall know better when ,i return from the country4 ,i have no news1 so good-bye1 dear ,mammy4 ,best love to all4--,from your very affectionate boy1 ,,fred4 ,i go to ,windsor 7to ,miss ,thackeray7 for two days next week2 that also is an old invitation2 ,i have no time for it1 but must go4 ,i keep my parties going tolerably1 but shall give that up with a few exceptions when ,i settle here2 it makes work impossible from unavoidably late hours1 and produces a general deterioration of mind and body1 mostly the former2 the ,hollands ,i shall always keep up--they are most kind2 ,i dine there frequently and meet interesting and remarkable people4 ,very remarkable drawings in pencil on other lines followed the celebrated ,lemon ,tree--surpassing in dramatic truth of expression any ,leighton had executed since the early design he drew of the ,plague in ,florence in #ahej4bf ,illustration3 ,,sketch ,,for ,,michael ,,angelo ,,nursing ,,his ,,dying ,,servant4 #ahfb ,leighton ,house ,collection ,the group of drawings for ,michael ,angelo ,nursing his ,dying ,servant are among those preserved in the ,leighton ,house collection1 but were not seen by the public before ,leighton's death4 ,though slight1 they are among the most admirable he ever achieved in subtle tenderness of feeling and expressive truth of drawing4 ,the feeble twitching clutch of the hands of the old man--announcing the speedy approach of ,death--is a convincing proof of imaginative realism of a high order4 ,this group of sketches1 however1 exemplify the curious artistic discrepancy which at times existed1 especially before and about the time when the ,michael ,angelo was painted1 between ,leighton's pictures and the studies he made for them--a discrepancy which had no reference to his feeling for colour1 but simply arose from an absence of sensitiveness for texture4 ,in turning from the drawings to the painting1 we find the noble feeling and conception1 the lines and forms of the design much the same in all2 but the heavy and yet insufficient texture of the actual surface mars the full conveying1 even in the completed painting1 of the feeling of the motive--so imperative is a simultaneous union of the idea with a happy echo of it in the touch of the human hand1 if a work of art is fully to convey its message4 ,leighton's genius for using the point is referred to in a letter from ,mrs4 ,browning1 on the subject of a drawing he had made of her husband3-- ,copy4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,leighton1--,the portrait is beautiful1 and would satisfy me entirely except for a want of strength about the brow1 which ,i must write of1 because ,i can't trust ,robert himself with the message4 ,i think the brow is feeble1 less massive than his1 with less fulness about the temples4 ,in fact1 your temple is hollow1 instead of full4 ,will you look at it by the original8 ,the eyes and mouth are exquisite4 ,your pencil has the expressiveness of another's brush4 ,how much ,i thank you for having put so much of my husband on paper is proved by the very insolence of my criticisms4--,most truly yours1 ,,elizabeth ,,barrett ,,browning4 ,april #a4 ,in the same category as the ,michael ,angelo studies may be placed the first sketch of ,samson ,wrestling with the ,lion1 designed as an illustration for ,dalziel's ,bible4 ,this drawing is also in the ,leighton ,house ,collection1 also the original drawings for ,the ,spies' ,escape and ,samson at the ,mill4 ,the following was written with regard to it3 ,an animal model never 'sits4' ,the artist must catch the action he wants from fleeting suggestions4 ,his imagination alone can guide his pencil when he depicts such action with realistic power4 ,it is in a pencil drawing of a lion that we find the work that evinces1 more distinctly perhaps than does any other of ,leighton's utterances in art1 the highest kind of imagination in the drawing of form in action1 namely in the sketch of ',samson ,wrestling with the ,lion' for the illustrations in ,dalziel's ,bible4 ,where1 indeed1 for vigour of invention1 can we find a drawing to surpass these few pencil lines8 ,the sinews in the legs and claws of the animal are drawn up1 clenching the vacant air with a quivering grip2 the tail straightened stiffly through the strain of the wrestling2 the whole animal convulsed with the force of the struggle4 ,this is treatment of form no model could suggest1 no knowledge evolve1 no labour or industry produce4 ,a true imagination alone can inspire such vivid realism4 ,the other subjects ,leighton illustrated were ,death of ,abel1 ,moses ,viewing the ,promised ,land1 ,samson ,carrying the ,gates1 ,abraham and the ,angel1 ,eliezer and ,rebecca at the ,well1 ,the ,slaying of the ,first-born4 ,illustration3 ,,original ,,drawing ,,for ,,samson ,,and ,,the ,,lion ,,in ,,dalziel',s ,,bible ,leighton ,house ,collection 99 99 99 99 99 ,in #ahfb ,leighton illustrated ,george ,eliot's great novel ,romola4 ,he writes to his father3-- ,tuesday4 ,,dear ,,papa1--,though ,i am not able1 ,i am sorry to say1 to report the sale of any more of my pictures1 you will be glad to hear of a commission just given me by ,g4 ,smith of the ,cornhill which is very acceptable to me4 ,i am to illustrate 7by-the-bye this is strictly confidential7 a novel about to appear in the ,cornhill from the hand of ,adam ,bede4 ,it is an ,italian story1 the scene and period are ,florence and the fifteenth century1 nothing could ganter me better4 ,it is to continue through twelve numbers1 in each of which are to be two illustrations4 ,i am to have for each number ,l#dj2 for the whole novel1 therefore1 ,l#dhj4 ,i have conferred with the authoress to-day1 and am to get the first-proof sheets this week4 ,the first number will be published in ,july4 ,miss ,evans 7or ,mrs4 ,lewes7 has a very striking countenance4 ,her face is large1 her eyes deep set1 her nose aquiline1 her mouth large1 the under jaw projecting1 rather like ,charles ,quint2 her voice and manner are grave1 simple1 and gentle4 ,there is a curious mixture in her look2 she either is or seems very short-sighted4 ,lewes is clever4 ,both were extremely polite to me2 her ,i shall like much4 ,i have no other news2 no one asks about my pictures1 though their success is decidedly great2 hard times6 ,are you writing to ,gussy8 if so will you tell her that ,i mean to give her some lessons with ,halle when she comes to ,london8 she shall have three a week for a month4 ,tell ,lina with my love not to be jealous1 it will be her turn next4 ,how is she8 and how is ,mamma8 ,give them my best love1 and believe me1 your affectionate boy1 ,,fred4 ,that ,george ,eliot should write a ,florentine story at a time when ,leighton was available to illustrate it1 was certainly a most fortunate coincidence4 ,each scene which he represents is impregnated with a feeling which records the strong hold ,italy had on his artistic resources4 ,with a few exceptions1 these illustrations for ,romola are the last examples of his art1 when a dramatic or a humorous treatment was a prominent feature of the designs4 ,the last picture exhibited at the ,royal ,academy in #ahig--the passionate1 despairing figure of ,clytie--was notably one of these exceptions4 ,unfortunately ,leighton's letters to ,george ,eliot respecting the ,romola drawings cannot be found1 and were probably destroyed before the author's death4 ,the following were preserved by ,leighton3-- #af ,,blandford ,,square1 ,n4,w41 ,friday4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,leighton1--,thanks for the sight of the ,vignettes4 ,they are satisfactory4 ,your delicious drawing was with me all day yesterday and made the opera more delightful to me in the evening4 ,i never saw anything comparable to the scene in ,nello's shop as an illustration4 ,there could not be a better beginning4 ,i should very much like to have a little conversation with you1 and will arrange to see you at any hour that will best suit you1 in the evening if you like1 any time after the morning working hours1 which last till two o'clock4 ,i know your time is very precious to you just now1 but ,i think we shall both benefit by a little talk together after you have read the second proof4--,yours very truly1 ,m4,e4 ,,lewes4 ,f4 ,,leighton1 ,esq4 #af ,,blandford ,,square1 ,n4,w41 ,wednesday4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,leighton1--,i feel for you as well as myself in this inevitable difficulty--nay1 impossibility of producing perfect correspondence between my intention and the illustrations4 ,i think your sketch is charming1 considered in itself1 and ,i feel now with regret that if we had seen each other and talked a little together after you had read the proof1 the only important discrepancy might have been prevented4 ,it is too late for alterations now4 ,if it had not been1 ,i should have wished ,bardo's head to be raised with the chin thrust forward a little--the usual attitude of the blind head1 ,i think--and turned a little towards ,romola1 as if he were looking at her4 ,romola's attitude is perfect1 and the composition is altogether such as gives me a very cheering prospect for the future1 when we have more time for preparation4 ,her face and hair1 though deliciously beautiful1 are not just the thing--how could they be8 ,do not make yourself uneasy if alteration is impossible1 but ,i meant the hair to fall forward from behind the ears over the neck1 and the dress to be without ornament4 ,i shall inevitably be detestable to you1 but believe that ,i am 7,unfinished7 #af ,,blandford ,,square1 ,n4,w41 ,thursday4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,leighton1--,unmitigated delight6 ,nello is better than my ,nello4 ,i see the love and care with which the drawings are done4 ,after ,i had sent away my yesterday's note1 written in such haste that ,i was afterwards uncomfortable lest ,i had misrepresented my feelings1 the very considerations you suggest had occurred to me and ,i had talked them over with ,mr4 ,lewes--namely1 that the exigencies of your art must forbid perfect correspondence between the text and the illustration2 and ,i came to the conclusion that it was these exigencies which had determined you as to the position of ,bardo's head and the fall of ,romola's hair4 ,you have given her attitude transcendently well1 and the attitude is more important than the mere head-dress4 ,i am glad you chose ,nello's shop2 it makes so good a variety with ,bardo and ,romola4 ,in a day or two you will have the second part1 and ,i think you will find there a scene for ,tessa under the ,plane ,tree4 ,but perhaps we shall see each other before you begin the next drawings4--,ever yours truly1 ,m4,e4 ,,lewes4 #af ,,blandford ,,square1 ,n4,w41 ,monday4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,leighton1--,your letter comforts me particularly4 ,i am so glad to think you find subjects to your mind4 ,i have no especial desire for the view from ,s4 ,miniato1 and indeed a plan we started in conversation with ,mr4 ,smith this morning1 namely1 to have moderately sized initial letters--the opening one being an old ,florentine in his ,lucco and generally the subjects being bits of landscape or ,florentine building--seems to do away with any reason for having the landscape to begin with4 ,the idea of having ,tessa and the mules1 or ,nello's sanctum1 smiles upon me1 so pray feel free to choose the impression that urges itself most strongly4 ,your observation about the che1 che is just the aid ,i besought from you4 ,with that exception1 ,i have confined myself1 ,i believe1 to such interjections as ,i find in the writers of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries1 and in them1 curiously enough1 this exclamation now said to be so constant and to mean everything 7according to our authority7 does not seem to occur4 ,thank you4 ,pray let me have as many criticisms of that kind as you can4 ,i am more gratified1 ,i think1 by your liking these opening chapters than ,i have yet been by anything in these nervous anxious weeks of decision about publication4--,very truly yours1 ,m4,e4 ,,lewes4 ,f4 ,,leighton1 ,esq4 #af ,,blandford ,,square1 ,n4,w41 ,tuesday ,evening4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,leighton1--,i am enchanted6 purely delighted6 which shall ,i begin with1 to tell you that ,i delight in ,baby's toes or that exquisite poetry in the scene where ,romola is standing8 ,is it not a pleasant change to have that opening made through the walls of the city1 so as to see the sky and the mountains8 ,in the scene with ,baldassarre and ,tessa1 also1 the distant view is charming4 ,tessa and her ,babkin are perfect--,baldassarre's is1 as you say1 an impossible face to draw1 but you have seized the framework of the face well1 both in this illustration and the previous one4 ,i want to tell you that a man of some eminence in art was speaking of your drawings to a third person the other day as remarkable in a tone of genuine admiration4 ,i don't know whether you care about that1 but it is good to know that there is any genuine admiration in one's neighbours4 ,i am glad to have the drawings left4 ,i shall go now and have a long look at them4 ,the ,february number will soon be out of my hands1 but you will have it when it pleases the pigs--or printers4--,ever yours truly1 ,m4,e4 ,,lewes4 ,,park ,,hotel1 ,,little ,,hampton1 ,,sussex1 ,september #aj1 '#fb4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,leighton1--,thanks for your letter1 which ,i have received this morning4 ,my copy of ,vasari has a profile of ,piero di ,cosimo1 but it is of no value1 a man with a short beard and eyes nearly closed4 ,the old felt hat on his head has more character in it than the features1 but the hat you can't use4 ,of ,niccolo ,caparra it is not likely that any portrait exists1 so that you may feel easy in letting your imagination interpret my suggestions in the ,first and the ,fifth ,parts of ,romola4 ,there is probably a portrait of ,piero di ,cosimo in the portrait room of ,uffizi1 but in the absence of any decent catalogue of that collection it was a bewildering and headachy business to assure oneself of the presence or absence of any particular personage4 ,if you feel any doubt about the new ,romola1 ,i think it will be better for you to keep to the original representation1 the type given in the first illustration1 which some accomplished people told me they thought very charming4 ,it will be much better to continue what is intrinsically pretty than to fail in an effort after something indistinctly seen4 ,if you prefer the action of taking out the crucifix1 instead of the merely contemplative attitude1 you can choose that with safety4 ,in the scene with ,piero di ,cosimo1 ,i thought you might make the figures subordinate to those other details which you render so charmingly1 and ,i chose it for that reason4 ,but ,i am quite convinced that illustrations can only form a sort of overture to the text4 ,the artist who uses the pencil must otherwise be tormented to misery by the deficiencies or requirements of the one who uses the pen1 and the writer1 on the other hand1 must die of impossible expectations4 ,apropos of all that1 ,i want to assure you again of what ,i had said in that letter1 which your naughty servant sent down the wind1 that ,i appreciate very highly the advantage of having your hand and mind to work with me rather than those of any other artist of whom ,i know4 ,please do not take that as an impertinent expression of opinion1 but rather as an honest expression of feeling by which you must interpret any apparent criticism4 ,the initial letter of the ,december part will be ,w4 ,i forgot to tell you how pleased ,i was with the initial letter of ,part ,v4 ,i am very much obliged to you for your critical doubts4 ,i will put out the questionable ,ecco6 in deference to your knowledge4 ,i have a tremulous sense of my liability to error in such things4 ,i don't wonder at your difficulty about the modification of com into ciom4 ,the writers of the fifteenth century1 speaking of the insurrection of the ,ciompi which occurred in the previous century1 say that the word was a corruption of the ,french compere1 the same word of course as compare1 constantly on the lips of the numerous ,french who were present in ,florence during the dictatorship of the ,duke of ,athens4 ,the likelihood of the derivation lies in the analysis of transition in the meaning of words compere and compare1 like the ,english gossip1 beginning with the meaning of godfather and ending with1 or rather proceeding to that of companion4 ,our gossip has at least parted with its secondary meaning as well as its primary one4 ,the unlikelihood of the derivation lies in the modification of the sounds1 and ,i felt that unlikelihood as you have done4 ,but in the absence of a ,max ,mueller to assure me of a law to the contrary1 ,i thought the statement of ,tuscan writers a better authority than inferences4 ,i ought to have written is stated by the old historians4 ,i am really comforted by the thought that you will mention doubts to me when they occur to you4 ,my misery is the certainty that ,i must be often in error4 ,mr4 ,lewes shares my admiration of the two last illustrations4--,ever yours truly1 ,,marian ,e4 ,,lewes4 ,f4 ,,leighton1 ,esq4 #af ,,blandford ,,square1 ,n4,w41 ,tuesday4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,leighton1--,since ,i saw you ,i have confirmed by renewed reference my conclusion that gamurra was the equivalent of our gown1 i4e4 the constant outer garb of femininity1 varying in length and cut according to rank and age4 ,the poets and novelists give it alike to the peasant and the city woman1 and speak of the girdle around it4 ,perhaps it would have been better to call ,tessa's gown a gamurrina1 the word sometimes used and indicating1 ,i imagine1 just that abbreviation of petticoat that active work demands4 ,if you are going to see ,ghirlandajo's frescoes--the engravings of them ,i mean--in the choir of ,santa ,maria ,novella1 ,i wish you would especially notice if the women in his groups have not that plain piece of opaque drapery over the head which haunts my memory4 ,we were only allowed to see those frescoes once1 because of repairs going on2 but ,i am strongly impressed with a belief--which1 au reste1 may be quite false--in the presence of my white hood there4 ,as to the garb of the luxurious classes at that time1 a point which may turn up in our progress1 ,i think the painters can hardly be believed to have represented it fully1 since we know1 on strong evidence1 that it ran into extravagances1 which are even in contrast with the general impression conveyed not only by the large fresco compositions but by the portraits4 ,you must have had sufficient experience of the eclecticism in costume which the artist's feeling forces upon him in the presence of hideous or extreme fashion4 ,we have in ,varchi a sufficiently fit and clear description of the ordinary male costume of dignified ,florentines in my time2 but for the corresponding feminine costume the best authority ,i have seen is the very incomplete one of a certain ,ginevra's trousseau in the ,ricordi of the ,rinuccini family of rather an earlier period1 but marking even there the rage for embroidery and pearls which grew instead of diminishing4 ,i imagine that the woman's berretta1 frequently of velvet embroidered with pearls1 and apparently almost as prevalent as our bonnet1 must have been that close-fitting cap1 square at the ears1 of which we spoke yesterday4 ,i trouble you with this note--which pray do not think it necessary to answer--in order to indicate to you the very slight satisfaction my anxiety on this subject can meet with1 and the obligation ,i shall be under to you if you will ever give me a positive or negative hint or correction4 ,approximative truth is the only truth attainable1 but at least one must strive for that1 and not wade off into arbitrary falsehood4--,ever1 dear ,mr4 ,leighton1 yours very truly1 ,,marian ,e4 ,,lewes4 ,leighton preserved the records of a friendship with ,mr4 ,robin ,allen1#bg established and for most part continued through a correspondence which lasted for many years from the early 'sixties4 ,the letter sent with the following poem refers to ,leighton's illustration to ,mrs4 ,browning's poem1 ,musical ,instrument1 of which the original drawing is reproduced4 7,see ,list of ,illustrations47 ,,trinity ,,house1 ,e4,c4 ,,my ,,dear ,,sir1--,if ,i send this to the author of a lovely illustration to a lovely poem1 it is not for its worth1 but to give me an excuse for saying that ,i go out of town for a month next ,wednesday1 and hope that ,i may call on you on my return1 perhaps get leave to show you over ,loughton ,woods in the autumn4--,believe me1 my dear sir1 yours truly1 ,,robin ,,allen4 ,f4 ,,leighton1 ,esq4 ,,sequitur ,,to ,,mrs4 ,,browning',s ,,musical ,,instrument ,,in ,,the ,,cornhill ,,magazine ,,of ,,july #ahfj4 ,a greater ,god than the great god ,pan ,planted the reed in the river1 ,and he is the only ,god who can ,break through its heart without killing the reed1 ,and make of its very life indeed ,an organ1 to utter ,his psalm as the ,giver4 ,this greater ,god than the beast-god ,pan1 ,as ,he watches the reeds in ,time's river1 ,counts for best poet that perfect ,man ,who holds lightly his song1 at its loftiest strain1 ,so he live a man's life6--and at all cost and pain ,is a reed among reeds in the river4 ,r4,a4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,great ,,god ,,pan ,original ,sketch for ,illustration to ,mrs4 ,browning's ,poem in the ,cornhill ,magazine1 #ahfa ,illustration3 ,,an ,,evening ,,in ,a ,,french ,,country ,,house ,illustration for ,mrs4 ,adelaide ,sartoris's story1 ,a ,week in a ,french ,country ,house1 published in the ,cornhill ,magazine1 #ahfg ,by permission of ,messrs4 ,smith1 ,elder1 ,co4 ,in a letter to his mother ,leighton expresses a warm admiration for these lines by ,mr4 ,robin ,allen4 ,in the autumn of #ahfc the following letter to his mother mentions a notable visit to ,compiegne4 ,the charming story ,mrs4 ,edward ,sartoris wrote1 which appeared some years later in the ,cornhill ,magazine1 ,a ,week in a ,french ,country ,house1 owes its local colour to this home at ,compiegne to which ,leighton refers4 ,it belonged to ,mr4 ,edward ,sartoris' brother-in-law1 the ,marquis de l',aigle4 ,for this story ,leighton made two admirable illustrations--,an ,evening in a ,french ,country ,house and ,drifting4 ,leighton is supposed to have suggested the character of ,monsieur ,kiowski1 the ,polish artist in the story2 and the figure in the boat holding the rudder in ,drifting he certainly meant to represent himself1 while the figure singing is ,adelaide ,sartoris--drawn1 as shown by the head-dress1 from the sketch ,leighton made in #ahef4 7,see ,list of ,illustrations47 ,commencement of letter missing4 #ahfb4 ,i have a fit of the blues instead4 ,i hope for the sake of my pictures that ,i shall soon get over them 7the blues1 not the pictures74 ,i believe if ,i could find models ,i should recover at once2 but ,i foresee that ,i shall have no such luck4 ,i had a delightful time at ,compiegne--the place is charming1 the house comfortable in the extreme1 and the life the perfection of unconstraint 7if that is ,english72 ,i have told you already how hospitable and kind my host and hostess were4 ,i have1 of course1 no news to give you yet1 except1 by-the-bye1 that the bailiffs were in the house the other day because ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,gedy had not paid ,l#c1 #es4 #f;d4 taxes2 they stayed two days in the house1 and if the money had not come1 would have walked off with some of my furniture4 ,i wish ,i had a house2 they are beginning a house on ,campden ,hill1 and would build it for an artist after his own designs4 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,alfred ,sartoris1 the admirer of ,eastern ,king1 were also among the visitors during this week in a ,french country house1 and write the following anecdote3-- ,those who knew ,lord ,leighton require no record of his kindness and unselfishness4 ,for those who had not that privilege the following little anecdote may be interesting4 ,in the late autumn of #ahfc we were all staying with my sister-in-law1 the ,marquise de l',aigle1 at ,francport1 near ,compiegne4 ,mrs4 ,sartoris was also there and ,mr4 ,leighton4 ,there was to be a service on the ,sunday in a little neighbouring village church for some children who had made their first communion1 and it occurred to ,mme4 de l',aigle to have some special music on the occasion1 and profit by the glorious voice of ,mrs4 ,sartoris1 who kindly offered to sing4 ,mr4 ,leighton also volunteered to take the tenor part in various sacred pieces4 ,we were all to help in the concerted music1 and the old cure was in the seventh heaven of delight at the prospect of such a grand service4 ,our dismay can be imagined when three days before the service ,mr4 ,leighton announced that he must leave us as business required his presence in ,london4 ',oh6' we all exclaimed1 'what shall we do8 the tenor pieces must be given up2 the cure will die of grief1' c4 444 ',no1 no1' said ,mr4 ,l41 in his cheery way1 'don't change anything2 ,i shall be back all right on ,sunday morning in time to sing2' and so1 sure enough1 he did return1 having travelled two nights to ,london and back4 ,he never would tell us why he had gone2 and it was not till long afterwards that it transpired that he had made the hurried double journey to help a struggling artist1 whose work he wished to bring forward and introduce to some influential person4 ,he attained his object1 and thought nothing of the time and trouble involved1 only glad to have been a help to one who needed assistance1 and also to keep his promise by singing in the little village church4 ,illustration3 ,,drifting ,illustration for ,mrs4 ,adelaide ,sartoris's story1 ,a ,week in a ,french ,country ,house1 published in the ,cornhill ,magazine1 #ahfg ,by permission of ,messrs4 ,smith1 ,elder1 ,co4 ,in #ahfc ,leighton began painting the fresco of ,the ,wise and ,foolish ,virgins1 which he presented to the ,church at ,lyndhurst4 ,it was painted on the plaster wall above the altar at the east end4 ,while at work on it1 he stayed with his old friend ,mr4 ,hamilton ,aide1 who formed one of the happy company of intimes of the ,roman and ,lucca days4 ,several visits to this charming home in the ,new ,forest were made before the work was finished4 ,in the following letter to ,steinle he mentions his first experiment in ,mr4 ,gambier ,parry's medium for painting in fresco4 ,translation4 #b ,,orme ,,square1 ,,bayswater4 ,,my ,,very ,,dear ,,friend1--,when ,i last wrote ,i asked you when the ,german exhibition of which you spoke was to take place1 and whether it was to be held in ,cologne itself2 but as ,i received no answer ,i supposed that this exhibition either had not come to anything 7as ,i have seen nothing about it in the newspapers71 or that it did not seem sufficiently important to you for me to go specially to ,germany for it4 ,nevertheless1 ,i would have gone to ,cologne1 if it had been in any way feasible1 exclusively on account of you and your works1 which ,i am very anxious to see2 unfortunately1 however1 ,i could not arrange it1 and must content myself with learning from a letter 7if you will write me one7 how your work succeeds1 and how far you have got with it4 ,two walls are already finished1 are they not8 ,as for myself1 ,i am fairly industrious4 ,amongst other things1 ,i am painting at present the composition which you have already seen1 of ,michael ,angelo and his old servant ,urbino4 ,i have endeavoured to keep the action of the figures simpler and smoother than in the first sketch2 and1 in fact1 ,i think the picture will please you better than the drawing4 ,for the rest1 ,i am sick of painting small pictures1 and would like to undertake something large2 but it is not very agreeable to paint pictures which will probably remain always hanging round one's neck4 ,i think ,i shall very soon test the public again in this respect--but what ,i shall paint ,i do not know4 ,a friend of mine 7,mr4 ,gambier ,parry71 a great art devotee and first-rate amateur1 has discovered a medium to replace fresco painting in our damp climate4 ,i have seen his experiments1 and have myself painted a head under his rules1#bh and to my complete satisfaction4 ,the result is scarcely to be distinguished from fresco1 and is quite as easy1 indeed even easier to achieve4 ,at the same time this method has advantages which buon fresco does not possess2 it dries exactly as one lays it on 7and is then flat71 it has no deposit 7,ansaetze71 and one can go over it as often as one likes4 ,the wall 7a granular lime wall7 is saturated with the same preparation as you paint with4 ,this preparation1 which is stone hard against water1 can always dissolve itself with moisture1 so that one can retouch it perpetually1 at the same time the whole of one's palette is available4 ,my friend is going to publish his system2 ,i will then1 if you like1 tell you exactly about it4 ,and now1 farewell1 dear ,master4 ,remember me most kindly to your wife and children1 and keep in remembrance your friend and pupil1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,he wrote to ,steinle in #ahfb that he was making studies for the ,lyndhurst fresco1 and expected to finish it that summer2 but it was apparently only begun in ,august #ahfc4 ,translation4 #b ,,orme ,,square1 ,,bayswater1 ,april #bb1 #ahfb4 ,,my ,,very ,,dear ,,friend1--,when ,i last wrote to you1 ,i promised and hoped that this time ,i should be able to send you some photographs of my latest works1 but unfortunately at the last moment time ran short4 ,my pictures are only just ready for exhibition1 and ,i must send them off unphotographed4 ,in order that you may not think ,i have been idle1 ,i write these lines2 also because ,i am unwilling1 my dear ,master1 to fade entirely from your memory4 ,i am exhibiting eight pictures this year1 an unusually large number4 ,but the case is not so bad as it looks at the first glance4 ,two only of these pictures are important in size and subject4 ,one of them you already know from a former composition4 ,it represents ,michael ,angelo with his dying servant ,urbino4 ,in the principal idea ,i have not deviated much from the first sketch1 but have endeavoured to treat the whole with more unity and the details with more simplicity than in the drawing which you saw1 and the faults of which you pointed out to me4 ,this picture is life-size1 and extends down to the knees4 ,the other is of a somewhat fanciful description4 ,i have imagined one of the three holy kings1 when he sees the ,star in the ,east from the battlements of his palace4 ,the picture is curious and open to much fault-finding1 but ,i think it will please you by a certain poetry in the conception4 ,the shape is long and narrow4 ,the king1 half life-size1 almost turns his back upon the spectator1 and is1 in the midst of the dark night1 only lit by the mystic rays of the ,star4 ,in contrast to this pure light one sees1 quite at the bottom1 through an arch1 into the hot lamp-light1 which illuminates a gay orgy4 ,i have allowed myself a certain amount of pictorial licence1 which may well surprise the general spectator at first glance1 but which to me heightens the poetical impression of the whole4 ,five other pictures are smaller1 and three of the subjects are idyllic or fanciful 7e4g4 a shepherd playing on a flute1 an ,oriental girl with a swan1 c4 c471 all carried out with great love1 and certainly my best works4 ,at present ,i am busy making studies for a large wall painting 7the ,wise and ,foolish ,virgins71 which ,i am giving to a church4 ,i shall execute it this summer1 and tell you more about it4 ,now1 my dear ,friend1 ,i have given you a long and full report of myself2 ,i hope you also will tell me what you are doing4 ,i am very anxious to know how the ,cologne frescoes get on4 ,how ,i should like to see them6 ,,perhaps ,i may manage it this autumn4 ,in the meantime1 however1 write to me1 and believe me to be1 your devoted pupil1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,illustration3 ,,portrait ,,from ,a ,,photograph ,,of ,,lord ,,leighton ,,taken ,,in #ahfc ,april #ahfc1 ,saturday4 ,,dearest ,,mamma1--,you have seen in the papers that the ,review at ,brighton went off capitally4 ,i enjoyed my day very much1 and though ,i was a little tired and very sleepy for two days after1 was altogether the better for it4 ,it was a stiff day's work too--nine or ten hours without sitting down1 and with the additional responsibility of having the command of the ,artists' ,company4 ,i was sure you would be pleased at the reception of my ,fruit ,girl#bi by my brother artists--you must understand1 though1 that this applies chiefly to the younger men 7and not to all of them71 for there are several of the older painters who strongly object to my style of painting and are bent on suppressing it4 ,will you thank ,papa for his hint about the ,athenaeum--,i am pretty sure he is mistaken about it1 but ,i shall take measures about it--indeed ,i have4 ,i spoke to ,charles ,greville 7,henry's brother7 and told him ,i thought ,i should be coming on before very long2 he very kindly overhauled the lists and said he thought ,i might be up by the end of the summer1 and1 what was still more kind1 seeing me unseconded1 he put his name down as seconder4 ,,forest ,,bank1 ,,lyndhurst1 ,thursday1 ,august #f1 #ahfc4 ,if ,i was not more explicit about being with ,aide1 it was because ,i made sure you knew it4 ,you will be pleased to hear that when after many peripeties ,i did begin my fresco ,i got on capitally2 ,i have now finished the task for this year1 having painted three life-size figures1 with a good bit of background1 in four days4 ,i worked hard for it1 and am rather tired--head and eyes2 otherwise flourishing4 ,i am delighted with my new fresco material 7,parry's7--the effect is excellent--nearly as fine as real fresco4 ,everybody seems much pleased with what ,i have done1 particularly the parson4 ,i like it myself2 ,i enjoy working at it immensely2 it is my real element4 ,i find it 7for mere manipulation bien entendu7 absurdly easy4 ,the following letter from ,mr4 ,gambier ,parry explains the fresco material ,leighton used4 ,,highnam1 ,,gloucester1 ,august #c1 #ahfc4 ,,my ,,dear ,,leighton1--,in reply to your last note about the use of the wall itself rather than of canvas1 there can be no doubt on the subject1 if only the plaster is good and well put on4 ,you speak of two or three months to get it dry4 ,i assure you that that is not near enough4 ,when the surface feels dry to your hand you must not suppose that it is all dry inside1 and if the wall is new1 ,i doubt a year being enough to dry it4 ,the water must evaporate somewhere--it is drawn to the surface of interiors because they are the warmest4 ,you ask whether the rough cast on the wall must be scraped off before you wash the wall for painting4 ,if by the rough cast you mean rough plaster1 which is a totally different thing to rough cast1 certainly use it as it is4 ,the coarser the plaster the better1 because it is all the more porous1 so long only that it is of the best materials 7viz4 perfectly washed sand1 and good lime71 and well put on a good wall4 ,nothing in the world could equal it for painting upon1 except a surface of coarse clean ,bath stone1 with all its pores open4 ,if you have such plaster as ,i have just described1 and both it and the wall thoroughly dry1 nothing could be better4 ,the smooth surface1 with what granulated texture you please1 can be got according to the directions in my paper--viz4 after two or three washes of pure diluted medium1 give another or two more of the same1 with dry whiting and a little white-lead1 then go ahead while it is all fresh1 viz4 two or three days after the process of preparation has been completed4 ,take care in painting not to rub it up too much1 for fear of drawing up the glossy resins to the surface away from the wax4 ,paint right into your prepared surface solidly and with decision in the way of fresco painting1 not as oil4 ,keep the brush clean1 and the volatile oil in the dipper clean1 and then1 oh6 how shall ,i envy you your power to use them all6#cj ,at the ,ely ceiling1 which is of hard wood not porous1 but prepared with three coats of oil white-lead1 ,i am painting with ,liquid ,measure4 ,pale drying oil #b ,japan gold size #b ,turpentine #b ,artist copal #a well shaken up every time it is used4 ,the colours are all ground up in it1 and then painting is done as in water-colour1 using pure spirits of turpentine as a vehicle4 ,colours dry extremely rapidly and with a dead surface4 ,the stuff looks horribly black1 but the colours are not materially affected by it4 ,of course it is not to be compared with my former medium1 because there is that bane of the palette oil in it1 but ,i used it because of its great facility 7used transparent like water-colour on a white ground71 and because the surface was hard1 so that wax might 7in great heat7 shrink or play tricks on it1 as it has done in ,murillo's pictures and many others4--,ever most sincerely yours1 ,t4 ,,gambier ,,parry4 ,if ,i can do anything for you1 command me2 we go to ,scotland on the #adth4 ,,london1 ,april #bf1 #ahfc4 ,,dearest ,,mamma1--,you were no doubt surprised to see a sock arrive in ,bath in solitary grandeur1 unaccompanied by any sort of note4 ,the fact is1 for some days past ,i have been working at a rate which made me altogether unfit for correspondence4 ,i have just returned from ,lyndhurst1 where ,i have been doing a bit more fresco--and very stiff work it was--up and at work at seven1 and at it best part of the day1 perched generally on an uncomfortably narrow ladder1 and with my head almost blown off by the agreeable but overpowering smell of the vehicle with which ,i painted4 ,the result is as far as it goes tolerably satisfactory--everybody there is delighted1 and though that1 of course1 does not prove much1 it is at all events agreeable to me that they derive so much pleasure from my work4 ,the stained-glass window1 too1 which has been executed at my desire from ,jones' designs1 gives great satisfaction--is a lovely piece of colour1 and 7which was1 to me1 of paramount importance7 does not hurt my fresco1 though1 of course1 in the nature of things1 it outshines tenfold in point of brilliancy2 hence the folly1 to my mind1 of ever putting glass and wall painting in immediate juxtaposition4 ,i shall go and paint another slice in ,june1 after which ,aide leaves1 so ,i may not be able to finish my work till he returns in autumn4 ,on my road to ,lyndhurst1 ,i paid a visit to ,lady ,dorothy ,neville 7,lady ,pollington's sister7 at ,dangstein--a very beautiful place near ,petersfield4 ,on ,monday week the ,royal ,academy opens--,i shall be curious to see what pictures they have taken2 my work at present will be a woodcut for ,dalziel--then that for the ,cornhill--then a drawing for ,cundall's ,bible--,mrs4 ,magniac's portrait--the cartoon for the remainder of the ,lyndhurst fresco--then perhaps a new picture4 ,i wish some one would buy the old ones6 ,have you read ,sylvia's ,lovers8 ,don't read ,salammbo--it is hideous4 ,,dearest ,,mamma1--,my chair has arrived safe and sound2 once more1 my very best thanks for it4 ,aide is one of the most excellent men that ever lived--,i like him extremely4 ,by-the-bye1 ,i am made one of the ensigns in our ,rifle ,corps1 so that when you come to town you have a chance of seeing me strutting about with a sword4 ,i write in haste4 ,good-bye1 best love to all4--,from your very affectionate boy1 ,,fred4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,fresco ,,presented ,,by ,,lord ,,leighton ,,to ,,lyndhurst ,,church--,,the ,,wise ,,and ,,foolish ,,virgins4 ,completed #ahfd ,in a letter to his father dated #ahfd ,leighton announced the completion of the fresco1 ,the ,wise and ,foolish ,virgins4 ,the design of the whole and the lines of the draperies in each figure are all admirable1 and the work is one which proves ,leighton's powers of achieving rapidly1 and under great difficulties1 a complete work and one in which his great sense of beauty is very salient4 ,there is also sufficient dramatic feeling in the gestures and expressions of the faces4 ,perhaps the most interesting 7because the most spontaneous7 attitude in the figures of the wise virgins is that which is kneeling1 profile-wise1 under the figure of the angel1 who is indicating to her the presence of her ,saviour4 ,she seems dazed with awe and rapture4 ,her arm is caught up with a sudden unstudied angularity of movement which1 though not so beautiful intrinsically as are most of those in ,leighton's work1 is very expressive1 and produces a happy effect amid the more obviously arranged lines in the rest of the design4 ,among the many drawings preserved in the ,leighton ,house ,collection made for this fresco there is a slight but very sensitive sketch for this figure1 also a finished pencil drawing for the head of ,christ4 ,the model who sat for this head was the ,italian whom ,leighton painted in ,golden ,hours1 and whom ,watts used for the picture he 7many years after its execution7 entitled ,a ,prodigal4 ,the type of this model may be felt by some to have been an unfortunate one to choose for the central imposing figure in the design of the fresco4 ,it is1 perhaps1 weak--too good-looking in a commonplace style for such a subject4 ,ruskin1 on seeing the photograph of this work1 wrote to ,leighton 7a postscript to a letter73 ,i was much struck--seriously--by the photograph from your fresco2 it is wonderfully fine in action4 ,leighton wrote to ,steinle on receipt of his criticisms on the ,lyndhurst fresco3-- ,translation4 #crd ,december4 ,,my ,,dear ,,friend1--,just now returned from a long journey 7to ,constantinople and ,athens71 ,i find two very welcome letters from you1 by which ,i see with great pleasure that your old pupil may still reckon upon your invaluable friendship and sympathy1 and ,i see it all the more certainly because you enclose a kind but pertinent criticism of the photographs ,i sent you4#ca ,i agree entirely1 and can only pretend in my defence that it was difficult1 with the long space 7all having to be filled7 and the altar standing in the middle of it1 not to fall into rather a panic4 ,that1 after all1 is but a lame excuse1 and ,i hope that you will always rap me over the knuckles with the same friendly sincerity4 ,my dear ,friend1 the idea of appearing as a collaborator beside you1 my master1 would be in the very highest degree delightful and flattering to me4 ,it is therefore only after mature deliberation1 and in the firm confidence that you will at least appreciate the sincerity of your ,leighton1 that ,i have to decline with real regret ,herr ,bruckmann's flattering invitation4 ,you1 more than any one else1 will agree with me that an artist can execute no first-rate work1 indeed dare undertake no work1 that is not a genuine expression alike of his feelings and his convictions4 ,i must candidly confess ,i cannot agree about a complete illustration of the ,shakespearian plays1 those masterpieces already in existence as exhaustively finished works of art2 it seems to me that in literature only those subjects lend themselves to pictorial representation which stand in the written word more as suggestion4 ,subjects perhaps which are provided in the ,bible or in mythology and tradition in great variety1 or are not already generally in possession of the minds of the spectators of living plays 7e4g4 the ,greek ,tragedies74 ,it is for the most part a struggle with the incomparable1 already existing complete--which is quite intimidating to my capabilities4 ,do not take this ill1 my dear ,friend1 and do not consider it too great a presumption that ,i1 your pupil1 declare so plainly against you where you think so differently4 ,to go back over one detail1 ,i must also confess that to me a coloured cartoon is not a natural mode of expression2 a drawn1 or a grey in grey 7grau in grau7 painted cartoon--well enough4 ,a size five feet high is to me1 for a suggestion of colour1 at least five times too large2 just as little could ,i give a suggestion of form in this size4 ,colour is not necessary2 but if one should use it in half life-size1 it is too noble and poetic1 ,i think1 for one to venture1 so to speak1 to clarify it4 ,will you forgive me for all this1 dear master8 ,however1 ,i shall see with deep interest the progress of the beautiful work which you will certainly execute4 ,i have heard with some sorrow of the burning of the venerable ,dome1 and am just writing to ,otto ,cornhill in respect to a lottery which is to be arranged for the re-erection of the tower4 ,i have read what you tell me of your dear family with great pleasure2 please remember me most kindly to your wife and children2 also to my old comrades ,v4 ,mueller1 ,wecker1 and the rest4 ,i am very glad to hear that ,g4 ,wecker1 the apostate1 has returned to art4 ,he was1 undoubtedly still is1 a very gifted man1 but had to guard somewhat1 had he not8 against the ornamental4 ,but my letter is becoming too long4 ,farewell1 my dear ,master2 take nothing amiss from your grateful1 devoted pupil1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,friday #aj1 #ahfd4 ,,dear ,,papa1--,you will be disappointed1 after waiting so long1 to receive no paper after all1 and a skimpy note instead4 ,i am amused at the studied ill-nature of the ,spectator2 ,i wonder who ,v4 is4 ,the author of an article on sensation pictures in the ,realm1 in which ,i am flatteringly quoted1 is by ,mrs4 ,norton4 ,en somme ,i think my ,golden ,hours is the most successful of my pictures 7perhaps more than anything since ,cimabue7 and the ,orpheus 7deservedly7 the least4 ,i am about to begin two new pictures4 ,mrs4 ,guthrie's portrait--a full length--is postponed for her health till the winter4 #ahfd4 ,i should not leave the place ,i am in except to build2 a mended house would be most unsatisfactory and temporary4 ,i feel sure ,i shall nowhere get standing room for a house for less than ,l#bh1 still less room for a house and large garden4 ,if ,i find the terms exactly as ,i expect and my lawyer 7,nettleship7 satisfied with the title ,i shall1 ,i think1 close the bargain1 the more so that another painter 7,i don't know who7 is after it4#cb ,i am staying for a day or two at ,dangstein 7,lady ,dorothy ,neville's74 ,i met here last night ,mr4 ,henry ,woolfe1 who very kindly offered me introductions to one or two charming ,venetian families 7,mocenigo7 which will be very pleasant for me1 as ,i want to see a ,venetian interior4 ,gambart has paid the ,l#ajej for ,dante4 ,the ,honeymoon was bought by a ,cornhill dealer yclept ,moreby4 ,i will let you know how all goes off on ,saturday at the ,council1 meanwhile best love to ,mamma4--,from your affectionate son1 ,,fred4 ,august #bc1 #ahfd4 ,i found your letter on returning from ,lyndhurst this morning4 ,i may as well tell you at once that ,i have finished my fresco1 retouching a great deal of what was already painted1 and ,i think ,i may add1 greatly improving it--so much for that4 ,with regard to the draft1 my assent was only general and preliminary 7besides being subject to the approval in the details of my solicitor7 and bound me to nothing4 ,my surveyor and solicitor have conferred together and with ,lady ,h4's agent1 and though the agreement is not yet signed1 the matter is virtually settled4 ,i have several minor clauses altered which had been inserted originally in the general draft to meet cases different from my own4 ,with regard to the title1 ,i was surprised and vexed to hear that it was stipulated that no title should be called for4 ,my lawyer told me that this was frequently the case--that he would go to ,doctors' ,commons to see the ,will to ascertain the truth of the statement that the property was ,lady ,h4's in fee simple 7as it is74 ,even this he said did not legally exhaust the matter1 as there might be encumbrances not alluded to in the ,will4 ,he said1 however1 that many other leases had been granted on that property on precisely the same terms1 that the matter turned on the character of the landlord1 and that1 en somme1 ,i ran but little risk4 ,since then ,i have seen him1 and he tells me that he has fortunately been able to ascertain through a very respectable firm of solicitors1 who have seen the titles1 that it is all right2 he has therefore not thought it desirable to put me to the expense of investigating the ,will--so far so good4 ,as to the possible expense of the house1 my dear ,papa1 you have taken1 ,i assure you1 false alarm4 ,i shall indeed devote more to the architectural part of the building than you would care to do2 but in the first place architecture and much ornament are not inseparable1 and besides1 whatever ,i do ,i shall undertake nothing without an estimate4 ,you need never fear that ,i shall take otherwise than it is meant the advice that your experience and interest in me suggest to you4 ,you will also1 ,i am sure1 allow for the difference of feeling between yourself and an artist who lives by his eyes4 ,a line will find me at ,venice1 poste restante1 all ,september4 ,i am just off4 ,best love to ,mammy4--,from your affectionate son1 ,,fred4 ,i knew neither ,poole nor ,jones4 ,grant said he thought it probable ,i should be an ,r4,a4 before long4 ,,venice1 ,september #bj1 '#fd4 ,,my ,,dear ,,papa1--,many thanks for your letter1 which reached me safely a few days ago4 ,i do indeed contemplate building my house so as to be enlarged at a future day4 ,i find1 however1 that ,i shall probably be obliged to build at once rather more than ,i absolutely require for practical building reasons1 but ,i need not therefore furnish more than ,i require4 ,about the well ,i am now entirely in the dark4 ,it would never have occurred to me to ask myself the question1 ,are there not pipes or something8 ,with regard to the ,will1 if the perusal of it only cost a guinea1 it might have been worth while to look at it1 though ,palmer and ,nettleship thought it superfluous2 but then ,p4 and ,n4 tell me it would cost ,l#bj6 to have it gone over1 and as my expenses with ,browne 7,lady ,h4's agent7 are already very great--he makes a preposterous charge1 which ,i can't dispute1 for the agreement--,i don't think ,i shall care to add to them4 ,my architect is ,aitchison1 an old friend4 ,i wrote to the ,academicians 7,poole1 ,grant1 and ,jones7 almost immediately on hearing from them1 and expressed a hope1 vague but polite1 that we might meet on my return4 ,poole ,i should like to know2 he is a man of poetic mind4 ,i need scarcely tell you that the idea of my being elected ,president 76667 for many years to come is simply ludicrous1 even if there is a chance of my ever having the offer of that dignity4 ,i am quite aware that people do talk of it laughingly1 but ,i don't think it goes beyond chaff yet4 ,no doubt many other young artists are chaffed in the same way with imaginary dignities4 ,i am delighted that ,mamma is better2 ,i should have said this before but that ,i have answered your letter systematically4 ,i trust the improvement will be lasting4 ,i congratulate you on ,colenso's visit1 and shall be very anxious to hear from you how it went off4 ,as for myself1 ,i am very snugly ensconced in a little mezzanino on the ,grand ,canal1 with a sort of passage which ,i use as a studio and a bath-room1 inasmuch as it opens straight on the water1 and enables me to take a very jolly swim every day4 ,i am not attempting a picture1 but am making a sketch for one which ,i shall probably paint on the spot next autumn1 staying here a couple of months or so4 ,meanwhile ,i have got several heads in hand--studies1 not for sale1 for use--and a few sketches in ,saint ,mark's1 which ,i think promise well4 ,et voila4 ,i stay here a fortnight longer1 so that a letter written on receipt of this would still catch me2 after that ,rome is the safest address4 ,i shall be there from the #bjth to the #bhth of ,october4 ,best love to ,mamma1 and believe me1 your affectionate son1 ,,fred4 ,in the preceding letters mention is made of the final arrangements for the building of ,leighton's house in ,holland ,park ,road4 ,mr4 ,george ,aitchison1 ,r4,a41 his old friend1 undertook to be the architect4 ,it was begun in #ahfe1 and first occupied by ,leighton in #ahff4 ,referring to opinions expressed regarding ,florentine ,art1 past and present1 ,leighton wrote to his younger sister3 ----'s remark about ----1 if ,i remember it1 was utter bosh and pedantry4 ,the ,florentines of the end of the fifteenth century were emphatically realists1 though their realism was animated by a higher genius and a deeper humanity than the modern ,italians exhibit1 though they1 by-the-bye1 are mostly not realists but mannerists4 ,the chief characteristic of ,english ,art is 7,i speak of course of the better men7 originality and humanity on the one hand1 and on the other1 absence of acquired knowledge and guiding taste4 ,some day ,i will write you a lot more about it4 ,fully launched into the ,english art world1 deeply interested in every phase of sincere work produced by contemporary brother artists1 ,leighton nevertheless adhered in his own practice to the views and principles which he held from the time he became ,steinle's devoted pupil4 ,to a question which referred to his art development1 asked by ,mrs4 ,mark ,pattison when she was about to write an account of his life in #ahgi1 ,leighton answered1 ,i can only speak of what is not a change but virtually a growth1 the passage from ,gothicism to ,classicism 7for want of better words7 i4e4 a growth from multiplicity to simplicity4 ,artists' manners are not changed by books6 ,as regards ,english artists1 he writes in the same letter1 ,i can only of course speak with great reserve4 ,elmore treated me with marked kindness1 lending me a studio4 ,millais1 ,rossetti1 ,hunt were most cordial and friendly1 though ,i openly told them ,i was wholly opposed to their views2 but1 indeed1 few men have more cause to speak well of their brethren4 ,the artistic events of the years #ahfb1 #ahfc1 and #ahfd culminated in ,leighton being elected an ,associate of the ,royal ,academy4 ,his old friend1 ,mr4 ,george ,aitchison1 wrote at the time of ,leighton's death3 ,in #ahfj he took a studio at ,orme ,square1 ,bayswater4 ,it was during this time that his conversation was so brilliant and so free from restraint4 ,i remember a summer afternoon ,i spent with him1 ,mason1 and ,murch on the terrace at the ,crystal ,palace1 when he gave vent to the freest criticism on books1 artists1 philosophy1 science1 and the methods of teaching1 and deplored the waste of time to students of making large chalk studies1 when everything that was wanted could be shown on a sheet of smooth paper1 seven inches high1 with a hard pencil4 ,he was a great admirer of ,boxall and his delicate painting1 of ,mr4 ,watts' and ,sir ,e4 ,burne-,jones' work1 and persuaded the last two to join the ,royal ,academy4 ,in #ahfd he was made an ,a4,r4,a41 and after this he became very cautious of expressing any but the most general opinions on contemporary ,english art1 as his remarks generally got into the papers4 ,eucharis1 #ahfc2 ,dante at ,verona1 and ,golden ,hours1 #ahfd1 are three works which might be placed in the first rank of ,leighton's achievements4 ,in the following letters references are made to the pictures3-- ,april #bi1 #ahfc4 ,,dear ,,mammy1--,i have just been to the ,r4,a41 having been invited to the ,varnishing ,day4 ,four pictures are hung--,elijah1 high1 of course1 but in a centre place2 it looks well1 but much darker than in the studio4 ,peacock ,girl1#cc very well hung1 exactly where ,the ,vision was a few years ago2 it looks well4 ,the ,crossbowman and ,the ,girl with the ,fruit#cd are fairly hung1 but look1 to me1 less well than in the studio4 ,the ,salome#ce is the one not taken4 ,altogether ,i am well treated4 ,in the following letters from ,ruskin his interest is expressed in the pictures exhibited in the ,academy of #ahfc1 and for the ,romola illustrations3-- ,,my ,,dear ,,leighton1--,i've only just had time to look in1 yesterday1 at ,r4 ,ac41 and your pictures are the only ones that interest me in it2 and the two pretty ones1 peacocks and basket1 interest me much4 ,ahab ,i don't much like4 ,you know you1 like all people good for anything in this age and country 7as far as ,palmerston71 are still a boy--and a boy can't paint ,elijah4 ,but the pretty girls are very nice--very nearly beautiful4 ,i can't say more1 can ,i8 ,if once they were beautiful1 they would be immortal too4 ,but if ,i don't pitch into you when ,i get hold of you again for not drawing your ,canephora's basket as well as her head and hair6 ,you got out of the scrape about the circle of it by saying you wanted it hung out of sight 7which ,i don't74 ,but the meshes are all wrong--inelegantly wrong--which is unpardonable4 ,i believe a ,japanese would have done it better4 ,thanks for nice book on ,japan with my name ,japanned4 ,it is very nice too4 ,i wish the woodcuts were bigger4 ,i should like it so much better in a little octavo with big woodcuts on every other page4 ,but ,i never do anything but grumble4--,faithfully yours1 ,j4 ,,ruskin4 ,,my ,,dear ,,leighton1--,the public voice respecting the lecture you are calumniously charged with1 is as wise as usual4 ,the lecture is an excellent and most interesting one1 and ,i am very sorry it is not yours4 ,i am also very sorry the basket is yours1 in spite of the very pretty theory of accessories4 ,it is proper that an accessory be slightly--sometimes even1 in a measure1 badly--painted1 but not that it should be out of perspective2 and in the greatest men1 their enjoyment and power animated the very dust under the feet of their figures--much more the baskets on their heads3 above all things1 what comes near a head should be studied in every line4 ,there is nothing more notable to my mind in the minor tricks of the great ,venetians than the exquisite perspective of bandeaux1 braids1 garlands1 jewels1 flowers1 or anything else which aids the roundings of their heads4 ,it is my turn to claim ,browning for you1 though ,i know what your morning time is to you4 ,i must have you over here one of these summer mornings1 if it be but to look at some dashes in sepia by ,reynolds1 and a couple of mackerel by ,turner--which1 being principals instead of accessories1 ,i hope you will permit to be well done1 though they're not as pretty as peacocks4 ,i have been watching the ,romola plates with interest4 ,the one of the mad old man with dagger seemed to me a marvellous study 7of its kind71 and ,i feel the advancing power in all4 ,will you tell me any day you could come--any hour--and ,i'll try for ,browning4--,ever faithfully yours1 ,j4 ,,ruskin4 ,i'm always wickeder in the morning than at night1 because ,i'm fresh2 so ,i'll try1 this morning1 to relieve your mind about the peacocks4 ,to my sorrow1 ,i know more of peacocks than girls1 as you know more of girls than peacocks--and ,i assure you solemnly the fowls are quite as unsatisfactory to me as the girl can possibly be to you2 so unsatisfactory1 that if ,i could have painted them as well as you could1 and had painted them as ill1 ,i should have painted them out4#cf ,monday4 ,,dear ,,leighton1--,i saw ,browning last night2 and he said he couldn't come till ,thursday week3 but do you think it would put you quite off your work if you came out here early on ,friday and ,i drove you into ,kensington as soon as you liked8 ,we have enough to say and look at1 surely1 for two mornings--one by ourselves8 ,i want1 seriously1 for one thing to quit you of one impression respecting me4 ,you are quite right--ten times right--in saying ,i never focus criticism4 ,was there ever criticism worth adjustment8 ,the light is so ugly1 it deserves no lens1 and ,i never use one4 ,but you never1 on the other hand1 have observed sufficiently that in such rough focussing as ,i give it1 ,i measure faults not by their greatness1 but their avoidableness4 ,a man's great faults are natural to him--inevitable2 if very great--undemonstrable1 deep in the innermost of things4 ,i never or rarely speak of them4 ,they must be forgiven1 or the picture left4 ,but a common fault in perspective is not to be so passed by4 ,you may not tell your friend1 but with deepest reserve1 your thoughts of the conduct of his life1 but you tell him1 if he has an ugly coat1 to change his tailor1 without fear of his answering that you don't focus your criticism4 ,now it so happens that ,i am in deep puzzlement and thought about some conditions of your work and its way1 which1 owing to my ignorance of many things in figure painting1 are not likely to come to any good or speakable conclusion4 ,but it would be partly presumptuous and partly vain to talk of these2 hence that silence you spoke of when ,i saw you last4 ,i wish ,i had kept it all my life1 and learned1 in place1 to do the little ,i could have done1 and enjoy the much ,i might have enjoyed4--,ever faithfully yours1 ,j4 ,,ruskin4 ,send me a line saying if you will give me the ,friday morning1 and fix your own hour for breakfast to be ready2 and never mind if you are late1 for ,i can't give you pretty things that spoil for waiting1 anyhow4 ,leighton writes to his mother3-- ,i had a kind note this morning from ,ruskin1 in which1 after criticising two or three things1 he speaks very warmly of other points in my work and of the development of what he calls enormous power and sense of beauty4 ,i quote this for what it is worth1 because ,i know it will give you pleasure1 but ,i have ,,not and never shall have enormous power1 though ,i have some sense of beauty4 ,the ,orpheus and ,golden ,hours are not in the great room but in the next to it4 ,i have not seen ,gambart lately1 and do not1 therefore1 know whether he has got rid of any more of my pictures 7by-the-bye1 ,i have sent the duet--,johnny--to ,america to an ,exhibition for the ,sanitary ,commission1 on the request of ,mrs4 ,kemble's daughter74 ,he will1 ,i think1 engrave the ,honeymoon1 but probably only photograph the others2 by-the-bye 7again71 ,mammy1 tell ,gussy with my love that ,i shall present her with a copy of each and shall not think her greedy1 having no thoughts for her but affectionate ones4 ,with regard to the money paid me by ,gambart1 ,i invested as soon as ,i got it ,l#ajjj in ,eastern ,counties ,railway debentures1 at par1 #d-a_/b per cent41 this on the advance of ,coutts' stock clerk4 ,lord ,ashburton's portrait was scarcely begun4#cg ,i have offered to try to finish tant bien que mal from photographs1 and to give it to ,lady ,a4 ,she is very grateful4 ,the child's picture also goes to the wall1 as she won't be able to sit for some time1 and would then be changed4 ,lady ,a4 wanted to pay the price of the sketch as it stood2 this ,i of course refused4 ,she has commissioned me to paint her a fancy picture for ,l#cjj4 ,leighton was for five years an ,associate before being elected a full member of the ,royal ,academy in #ahfi4 ,during these years the number of important pictures he exhibited each season notably increased4 ,in at least twelve of these works the many-sided ,leighton is worthily represented--,dante at ,verona1#ch ,golden ,hours1 ,david1 ,syracusan ,bride 7exhibited at the ,royal ,academy in #ahff and in the ,paris ,international ,exhibition in #ahfh71 ,helen of ,troy1#ci ,greek ,girl ,dancing1 ,venus ,disrobing from the ,bath1 ,ariadne ,abandoned by ,theseus1 ,ariadne ,watches for his ,return1 ,artemis ,releases ,her by ,death1 ,actaea1 the ,nymph of the ,shore1 ,daedalus and ,icarus1 ,electra at the ,tomb of ,agamemnon1 ,helios and ,rhodos4 ,the extreme variety from every point of view which exists in this group of twelve pictures1 chosen from the twenty-six paintings and the numerous sketches executed in these five years1 would be a proof in itself1 if one were needed1 of ,leighton's extraordinary versatility as regards the motives of his pictures4 ,illustration3 ,,greek ,,girl ,,dancing4 #ahfg ,by permission of ,mr4 ,phillipson ,illustration3 ,,drawing ,,for ,,the ,,painting ,a ,,pastoral4 #ahff ,leighton ,house ,collection ,in the spring of #ahfe1 after years of delicate health1 ,mrs4 ,leighton at the last died suddenly1 at her home in ,bath4 ,at the time ,leighton was staying at ,sandringham where he received a telegram announcing her death1 and on the same day he joined his family at ,bath4 ,it has been said that1 as long as a man is blessed by possessing a mother1 he still retains the blessing of being--in the eyes of one person at least--a child4 ,to ,leighton's tender-hearted nature this blessing was a very real one1 as is testified by his correspondence with his mother4#dj ,the first chapter of ,leighton's life seems1 in a sense1 only to end with this great sorrow4 ,translation4 ,,frankfurt ,,am ,,main1 ,april #cj1 #ahfe4 ,,dearest ,,friend1--,as your last friendly lines of #adth ,march did not bring your address1 ,i grasp the opportunity offered me by ,mr4 ,tobie ,andre to express to you my heartfelt sympathy on the loss of your dear mother4 ,i remember that you often spoke to me of this mother with true filial affection1 and ,i have secretly blessed you for it2 ,i know now also that you will treasure her memory6--,always1 your truly devoted1 ,,steinle4 ,,footnotes3 #bf ,see ,appendix1 ,lord ,leighton's ,sketches4 #bg ,see page #ei1 vol4 ii41 poem1 ,leighton's ,francesca di ,rimini1 by ,r4,a4 #bh ,head painted on the wall of the ,vestry of ,highnam ,church--since destroyed4 #bi ,eucharis4 #cj ,sir ,hubert ,parry writes3 ,i remember ,leighton made a practical test of my father's medium by painting a fine dashing sketch of a head on the wall of the ,vestry at ,highnam ,church4 ,i used to admire it greatly4 ,unfortunately that ,vestry was pulled down2 and though efforts were made to preserve the sketch by cutting a great piece of plaster out of the wall1 ,i understand that during the many years when ,i was hardly ever at ,highnam1 the plaster crumbled and collapsed4 ,see letter to ,steinle4 #ca ,photographs of the ,lyndhurst fresco4 #cb ,the ground on which ,leighton built his house1 #b ,holland ,park ,road1 now preserved for the public4 #cc ,girl feeding ,peacocks 7see sketches in ,leighton ,house ,collection74 ,leighton painted a small and exquisite water-colour on ivory of the picture1 which was sold at ,christie's after his death4 #cd ,eucharis4 #ce ,see ,list of ,illustrations3 reproduction from sketch in ,leighton ,house4 ,mr4 ,frith1 ,r4,a41 wrote the following respecting the rejection of ,salome3-- #aj ,,pembridge ,,villas1 ,,bayswater1 ,w41 ,april #bi1 #ahfc4 ,,my ,,dear ,,leighton1--,we have been unable to hang one of your best pictures--not because it was an excellent work1 as the profane world would say--but because we had already placed so many of your pictures that the space due to ,leighton was more than exhausted4 ,m4,c4 ,mortlake called us over the coals dreadfully on your behalf1 but ,i1 for one1 resisted his arguments1 and ,i believe you have to blame me for your picture being returned to you4 ,i should have said nothing about the matter1 but for the fear that ,i might be thought so stupid as not to see the merit of your work4 ,pray believe that my motive was a good one1 and that ,i have tried to do what is right to you and to the rest4--,ever1 dear ,leighton1 faithfully yours1 ,w4,p4 ,,frith4 #cf ,ruskin would not1 ,i believe1 have spoken thus of the peacocks in the exquisite water-colour on ivory--presumably a sketch in colour for the picture4 #cg ,refers to ,lord ,ashburton's death4 #ch ,this picture illustrates the verses in the ,paradiso3-- ,thou shalt prove ,how salt the savour is of others' bread2 ,how hard the passage1 to descend and climb ,by others' stairs4 ,but that shall gall thee most ,will be the worthless and vile company ,with whom thou must be thrown into the straits1 ,for all ungrateful1 impious all and mad ,shall turn against thee4 ,dante1 in fulfilment of this prophecy1 is seen descending the palace stairs of the ,can ,grande1 at ,verona1 during his exile4 ,he is dressed in sober grey and drab clothes1 and contrasts strongly in his ascetic and suffering aspect with the gay revellers about him4 ,the people are preparing for a festival1 and splendidly and fantastically robed1 some bringing wreaths of flowers4 ,bowing with mock reverence1 a jester gibes at ,dante4 ,an indolent sentinel is seated at the porch1 and looks on unconcernedly1 his spear lying across his breast4 ,a young man1 probably acquainted with the writings of ,dante1 sympathises with him4 ,in the centre and just before the feet of ,dante1 is a beautiful child1 brilliantly dressed and crowned with flowers1 and dragging along the floor a garland of bay leaves and flowers1 while looking earnestly and innocently in the poet's face4 ,next come a pair of lovers1 the lady looking at ,dante with attention1 the man heedless4 ,the last wears a vest embroidered with eyes like those in a peacock's tail4 ,a priest and a noble descend the stairs behind1 jeering at ,dante4--,athenaeum1 ,april #ahfd4 ,the following expresses the admiration of a brother artist1 ,richard ,doyle1 for the exiled ,dante3-- #ed ,,clifton ,,gardens1 ,,maida ,,hill1 ,april #e1 #ahfd4 ,,my ,,dear ,,leighton1--,i feel so awkward whenever ,i attempt to praise a man's works to his face1 and ,i felt that you1 yesterday1 were so likely to be bored with the repetition of similar speeches from your large influx of visitors1 that at the moment of my going ,i could not bring myself to say what ,i wished to say--how much ,i liked your pictures4 ,to-day1 however1 when ,dante and ,orpheus1 and the music and drawing parties are before my mind as vividly as they were yesterday before my eyes in your studio1 ,i cannot resist sending you a few lines to say what pleasure my visit gave me1 although ,i was without words4 ,the ,dante seemed to me a very impressive picture1 and ,i think one of the most important as well as most successful of your works1 historical in a higher sense than the mere representation of an event--an illustration of the man and the time4 ,i could mention many of the figures that especially pleased me1 but1 for beauty1 can only single out that most delightful little child in the foreground1 toddling at the feet of ,dante1 laden with flowers1 the childhood and innocence of whose whole figure and face1 although we do not see the face1 contrasts so beautifully with the worn1 ascetic1 melancholy ,poet4 ,i think these two are a poem in themselves4 ,the lady in the drawing lesson struck me as a charming figure1 so graceful1 and the painting of her dress as a perfect piece of work4 ,the lady leaning over the instrument in the music 7,golden ,hours7 subject is also a great favourite of mine4 ,the ,orpheus1 although there is a great deal to admire in it1 ,i don't think ,i liked so well as the others4 ,perhaps it is that the classic subject does not come home to me1 but ,i say this doubtingly1 feeling that it is a picture that would very likely grow upon me4 ,anyhow1 ,i end by offering you my most hearty congratulations4--,most sincerely yours1 ,,richard ,,doyle4 #ci ,referring to ,leighton's painting of ,helen of ,troy1 exhibited in #ahfe1 ,mr4 ,martin ,tupper wrote3-- ,,albury ,,house1 ,,nr4 ,,guilford1 ,may #bc1 #ahfe4 ,,dear ,,sir1--,it is just possible that the following few words of comment upon your wonderfully spiritualised ,helen of ,troy may be acceptable to you from the undersigned4 ,the ,helen of ,euripides is very little read amongst us1 and yet it is as strangely sensational as ,the ,woman in ,white3 there being two ,helens in the play1 the real substantial wife remaining faithful to ,menelaus in the island of ,pharos1 while ,juno gives to ,paris--out of jealous rage at him for his judgment in favour of ,venus--an image composed of ether in the likeness of ,helen4 ,this ,ethereal ,presence you have so exquisitely portrayed that it is probable you know the play6 only that ,i think you would then have quoted from it in the ,r4,a4 catalogue1 in explanation of what confuses some of your ignorant reviewers as to this embodied spirit4 ,the counterfeit ,helen was of unsubstantial air1 a figure marvellously rendered in your picture1 and which ,i can fully appreciate3 and you quote a very apposite passage from ,lord ,derby's ,homer1 as that which you illustrate2 but if there are reprints of the catalogue1 ,i would suggest the addition of a line from ,euripides1 as thus3-- ,juno to ,paris gave me--yet not me1 ,but in my semblance formed a living image ,composed of ether4 ,,wodhall',s ,eur4 ,hel4 ,if haply you do not know the book1 inquire at ,longman's for the fifth volume of the ,greek ,tragic ,theatre 7in ,english72 or1 should you prefer it1 of course it is extant in the ,greek4 ,if not easily attainable in ,london1 ,i shall be happy to lend you the volume by post4 ,congratulating you on your difficult and exquisite achievement--,i am1 dear sir1 truly yours1 ,,martin ,f4 ,,tupper4 ,f4 ,,leighton1 ,esq4 #dj ,,warnford ,,cottage1 ,,bishop',s ,,waltham4 ,,my ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,leighton1--,i was very sorry indeed when ,i returned to ,park ,place on ,sunday evening and found that you had been so kind as to call upon me4 ,i have not ventured to intrude upon you in your late affliction with the expression of a sympathy which cannot have much value for you1 but had ,i seen you when you called ,i should hardly have refrained from telling you how sincerely ,i feel for your sorrow4--,pray believe me1 yours always most truly1 ,,fanny ,,kemble4 ,,warnford1 ,thursday1 #bnd4 ,,forest ,,bank1 ,,lyndhurst4 ,,my ,,dear ,,leighton1--,i cannot let the post go out without offering you my sincere sympathy on your loss4 ,i know how deeply attached you were to your mother1 and am very sure the bereavement is a heavy grief to you4 ,you are right in saying that to me your sorrow comes especially home4 ,my mother sends you her affectionate love1 and we both beg you to remember that1 whenever you have a few spare days and want quiet1 you must consider this home as a temporary home4--,believe me always1 in all affection1 yours1 ,,hamilton ,,aide4 ,,my ,,dear ,,leighton1--,i must write to you to express the grief both myself and my wife felt on hearing of the loss which has befallen you4 ,i am well aware that no words can afford consolation against such afflictions1 but ,i should be sorry if you had construed silence into want of sympathy4 ,if you have time ,i should be glad to hear from you1 and to know how may be your father1 from whom ,i have received on every occasion so much kindness4 ,you have much distress to go through1 for death has recently touched you in many ways by striking your own family1 your friends1 and imperilling others to a degree that must have inspired every pain it can produce4 ,good-bye1 my dear ,leighton2 remember me to your father1 and express to him my deep sympathy with him in his misfortune4--,yours ever affectionately1 ,w4,c4 ,,cartwright4 ,,palazzi ,,giorgi1 ,,rome1 ,january #ca4 #ac ,,eaton ,,place 7,,west71 ,tuesday1 ,january #ag1 #ahfe4 ,,my ,,dear ,,leighton1--,i heard at the ,marqs'1 on ,sunday1 of your late bereavement2 and1 as perhaps the one of all your many friends whose mind the most habitually dwells among thoughts of loss and deprivation1 ,i can assure you of thought of it with sincere concern and sympathy1 and just write a line to say so4 ,there is nothing to be said1 ,i well know1 which is of any immediate good or alleviation1 and time only strengthens affectionate recollection3 but after a time1 among gentler thoughts which will come1 ,i hope you will1 as you may justly1 find comfort in thinking that your mother's life was spared so as to permit her to be cheered by the certainty of your success4 ,this is much--especially to a woman's heart4--,faithfully and sincerely yours1 ,,henry ,j4 ,,chorley4 ,,chapter ,,iii ,,journeys ,,to ,,the ,,east--,,constantinople--,,smyrna--,,at hens--,,diary ,,up ,,the ,,nile ,,to ,,phylae #ahff-ahfi ,leighton visited ,spain in #ahff4 ,there exists apparently no letters or written record of this journey1 but he made many sketches remarkable for strong and characteristic colouring4 ,the letter written to ,mrs4 ,mark ,pattison in #ahgi1 already quoted1 contains an amusing endeavour on ,leighton's part to date the various journeys he had made in answer to questions she had asked4 ,i am sorely perplexed to answer this2 ,i can only approach an answer by a sort of memoria technica4 ,i made studies in ,algiers for ',samson ,agonistes'2 that will give you roughly the period4 ,this visit made a deep impression on me2 ,i have loved 'the ,east1' as it is called1 ever since4 ,by-the-bye1 ,i drew here my 7almost7 only large water-colour drawing1 ',a ,negro ,festival' the picture ,leighton alluded to as ',the ,niggers'1 which was thought very well of by my friends4 ,to ,spain 7into which ,i had made a raid of a few days on a previous occasion when visiting the ,south of ,france for architecture1 to which ,i am much devoted7 ,i went the year of the cholera4 ,i remember this because ,i was going to ,constantinople1 but was dissuaded by a friend there because of the ravages of that epidemic4 ,the following year ,i did go3 ,vienna1 ,danube1 ,varna1 ,constantinople1 ,broussa1 ,smyrna1 ,rhodes1 ,athens 7the greatest architectural emotion of my life1 by far71 c4 ,this was the year before those poor young ,englishmen were murdered on ,pentelicus1 up which ,i had been with the same guide4 ,my visit to ,egypt1 and up the ,nile on a steamer1 given me by the ,khedive1 was a year before the opening of the ,suez ,canal2 ,i rode over the ,salt ,lakes with ,mons4 de ,lesseps and a party of his friends4 ,damascus a year before ,i exhibited the ',jew's ,house1' ,i think4 ,spain1 revisited1 and ,morocco1 the year before last4 ,this is a roundabout way of getting about dates1 but1 contrary to my expectation1 ,i think ,i have contrived to fix all the chief journeys approximately4 ,in #ahfg ,leighton wrote to his father3-- ,,lloyd ,,steamer ,,adriatic1 ,november #bh1 #ahfg4 ,,my ,,dear ,,papa1--,as ,i am likely to be busy during my very short stay in ,venice1 where ,i hope to find a letter from you1 ,i take advantage of the leisure which ,i find in excess on board this steamer to begin an epistle which1 however1 ,i shall not close till ,i have seen yours1 in case anything in the latter should require an answer4 ,of course my getting to the end of even this first page depends upon the state of my feelings--physical1 not moral1 for ,i am a poor sailor at best4 ,i told you1 ,i believe1 in my last how much ,i had enjoyed and1 as ,i hope1 profited by my stay in ,rhodes and ,lindos4 ,i am uncertain whether ,i added that ,i had received great kindness and attention from our consul and his brothers1 and also from one or two other gentlemen with whom ,i became acquainted4 ,through the assistance of ,mr4 ,biliotti 7our consul7 ,i had an opportunity1 which could never present itself again1 of buying a number of beautiful specimens of old ,persian faience 7,lindos ware71 chiefly plates1 which will make a delightful addition to my collection of ,eastern china and pottery4 ,i know that you1 personally1 care little for such things1 and have small sympathy with purchases of that nature2 you will1 therefore1 be glad to hear that though ,i spent a considerable sum1 knowing that such a chance would never again be given me1 ,i could1 any day1 part with the whole lot for at least double--probably treble--what ,i gave4 ,the weather1 which was very beautiful at the beginning--indeed during the greater part of my stay in the ,island--was not faithful to me to the end2 it broke up a few days before my departure1 and1 to my very great regret1 prevented my painting certain studies which ,i was very anxious to take home3 on the other hand1 ,i had opportunities of studying effects of a different nature1 so that ,i can hardly call myself much the loser as far as my work in ,rhodes was concerned4 ,in ,athens1 however1 the effect of the absolute instability of the weather 7an instability of which ,i have never seen the like anywhere7 was that ,i left that place almost empty-handed1 although ,i stayed there a week longer than ,i had originally intended4 ,if1 however1 ,i got through little or no work1 ,i had infinite enjoyment in the frequent and unvaried study and contemplation of the ruins on the ,acropolis4 ,familiar as ,i was1 from casts and photographs1 with the sculptures and some part of the architecture which ,i found there1 my expectations were very highly wrought1 but it is impossible to anticipate1 nor shall ,i attempt to describe1 the impression which these magnificent works produce when seen together and under their own sky4 ,indeed1 it is quite strange how one seems to read with new eyes things which one conceived oneself to have understood thoroughly before4 ,the scenery about ,athens1 depending a good deal on effects of light1 only rarely displayed its full beauty during my stay2 sufficiently often1 however1 for me to see that it is of exquisite beauty1 and that that part of it described by ,byron in certain favourite lines of yours does not receive full justice at his hands4 ,i had letters1 as you probably knew1 to ,mr4 ,erskine1 our ,minister1 and to ,mr4 ,finlay1 the historian2 both of them received me with the greatest cordiality and kindness1 as did also two or three other persons with whom ,i became acquainted1 so that my stay was socially agreeable as well as artistically delightful2 but herewith ends my journey1 for heavy weather1 rain1 sleet1 fog and the rest prevented my seeing any of the scenery of the ,gulf of ,lepanto1 which ,i might as well not have visited1 and although ,i passed ,zante1 ,cephalonia1 and ,corfu under rather more favourable skies1 ,i did not see them to advantage--ce sera pour une autrefois4 ,your letter1 which ,i have found on my arrival1 and for which thanks1 does not call for any particular reply beyond that ,i have painted no figures1 though ,i might have been tempted by several fine heads ,i saw1 but time only sufficed for my landscape studies1 which in this journey were my chief care4 ,the extract from the ,saturday ,review1 which is highly flattering1 was shown me by ,mr4 ,finlay in ,athens4 ,of ,venice ,i have nothing to say1 except that my first impression of the ,gallery1 coming as ,i did straight from the ,parthenon1 was that everything but the very finest pictures was wanting in dignity and beauty1 and was artificial4 ,i was much surprised myself1 as the ,venetian school always exercises a great fascination over me4 ,you may infer from that what an impression of beauty ,athenian ,art has left on me4 ,i was incessantly reminded1 in looking both at the sculpture and architecture of the ,acropolis1 of the admirable words which ,thucydides puts into the mouth of ,pericles3 those are the beginning and the end of the ,greek artistic nature4 ,i shall be in ,london by the #ajth1 and right glad to get home again--meanwhile1 with best love to ,taily4--,i remain1 your affectionate son1 ,,fred4 ,,venice1 ,,hotel ,,de ,l',,europe4 ,illustration3 ,,sketch ,,with ,,donkey4 ,,egypt4 #ahfh ,respecting the knowledge ,leighton possessed of the ,greek language1 he wrote in a letter to a friend1 ,in ,greek ,i never got beyond ,homer and ,anacreon4 ,i have just retained this1 that1 having read a passage in a translation 7,i generally read ,homer in ,german or ,latin71 ,i am able to feel1 on referring to the original1 its superiority to the foreign rendering4 ,in #ahfh the great desire which ,leighton for many years had felt to see ,egypt was gratified4 ,in ,october of that year he wrote to his father from ,cairo3-- ,beginning of letter missing4 ,i find that the ,prince 7the ,prince of ,wales7 asked him in the said letter to introduce me as a personal friend of his to the ,viceroy1 adding that he would be obliged by anything he 7,col4 ,stanton7 could do for me4 ,this was more than ,i had expected from what ,col4 ,tait also had written me4 ,well1 to make a long story short1 ,i communicated to ,col4 ,s4 the ambitious desires that ,smart had stirred up in me1 assuring him1 however1 that ,i should never have dreamt of entertaining them of my own accord4 ,he took my case in hand at once1 by asking for an audience1 which the ,viceroy granted as soon as he should have returned to ,cairo2 he was too busy to see me at ,alexandria4 ,meanwhile ,col4 ,stanton hinted to the secretary of ,h4,h4 what my wish was1 but nothing was said to the ,viceroy himself4 ,wednesday being fixed for my reception1 ,i went to his palace of ,abbassia with ,col4 ,s41 and was there received in a pavilion in the open air1 which overlooked a tract of country covered with tents in which some #ejjj men were quartered4 ,round ,his ,highness' pavilion were the tents of his chief ministers in attendance4 ,it was rather a picturesque sight4 ,the ,viceroy was alone1 and1 having received us very courteously1 and asked after the health of the ,p4 and ,pcess4 of ,wales1 made us sit down4 ,he then clapped his hands1 and on a word from him long tchibouques were brought1 of which the amber mouthpieces were enriched with enormous diamonds and emeralds4 ,a little conversation on general matters then followed between him and ,col4 ,s41 after which he questioned me about my projects2 and after asking whether he could assist me1 and ,col4 ,s4 throwing out a little hint about a steam tug to get me on quicker1 he said1 ,would you not rather have a steamer to go in8 it is the same to me1 and you will be more comfortable4 ,here ,col4 ,stanton1 very judiciously and promptly1 said he was sure the ,p4 of ,wales would be much gratified by this mark of favour to me2 so that ,i have only to name the day1 and the vessel will be at my orders1 and ,i shall do all ,i wish in half the time1 or less1 it would otherwise have taken me4 ,i bowed myself out with my best thanks1 and went home much pleased at my good fortune and at everybody's kindness4 ,i should not forget to say also that ,mr4 ,ross 7,lady ,duff ,gordon's son-in-law1 you know7 was full of empressement and kindness to me1 and ,lady ,d4,g4 lent me a gun for the ,nile4 ,i start in ten days or thereabouts1 and hope before that to hear from you1 for no letters will follow me and ,i shall lose sight of everybody for nearly two months4 ,i will write again before ,i start2 meanwhile1 when you write which it will be no use your doing till ,november1 address1 please ,new ,hotel1 ,cairo1 ,egypt4 ,and believe me1 meanwhile1 with best love to ,taily1 your affte4 son1 ,,fred4 ,happily1 while ,leighton lost sight of everybody for nearly two months1 he kept the following diary3-- ,wednesday1 ,october #ad1 #ahfh4--,went on board1 dined and slept4 ,thursday1 #aeth4--,started at about #g ,a4,m4 ,there had been a storm in the night1 and the east was still heavy with clouds2 but the western sky was pure and soft4 ,at about ten caught up the ,sterlings1 becalmed in their dahabyeh2 their crew was making a futile attempt to tow them against the current4 ,i let out a rope and tugged them as far as ,benisoef1 which1 owing to the additional weight1 ,i did not reach till ,friday morning 7#afth74 ,the first day's journey up the ,nile is enchanting1 and ,i enjoyed it thoroughly4 ,the sky was bright1 but tempered by a glimmering haze which produced the loveliest effects2 those of the early morning were the most striking4 ,the course of the river being nearly due north1 the western bank was glowing in varied sunny lights2 the other seemed made up of shadowy veils of gauze fainting gradually towards the horizon4 ,the boats that passed on the left1 dark in the blaze of light1 looked1 with their outspread wings1 like large moths of dusky brown2 those on the right shone against the violet sky like gilded ivory4 ,the keynote of this landscape is a soft1 variant1 fawn-coloured brown1 than which nothing could take more gratefully the warm glow of sunlight or the cool purple mystery of shadow2 the latter perhaps especially1 deep and powerful near the eye 7the local brown slightly overruling the violet71 but fading as it receded into tints exquisitely vague1 and so faint that they seem rather to belong to the sky than to the earth4 ,at this time of year the broad coffee-coloured sweep of the river is bordered on either side by a fillet of green of the most extraordinary vivacity1 but redeemed from any hint of crudity by the golden light which inundates it4 ,the brightest green is that of the ,indian corn--the softest and most luminous that of an exquisite grass1 tall as pampas 7perhaps it is a kind of pampas1 ,i have not seen it close yet71 and like it crowned with a beautiful plume-like blossom of the most delicate hue2 seen against a dark shady bank1 and with the sun shining through it1 it shimmers with the sheen of gossamer4 ,frequent villages animate the river's edge2 they are built of unbaked bricks coated with mud1 and have a most striking effect4 ,the simplicity and variety of the shapes of the houses1 with their slightly sloping sides and flat roofs1 give them a certain dignity in their picturesqueness which delights me2 the colour1 too1 is particularly agreeable1 and is the most beautiful foil to the bronze-brown of the naked1 or nearly naked1 fellaheen and the indigo of the robes of their wives2 to the sparkling white of the doves that swarm in the gardens1 and to the cinder-colour of the buffaloes that wink and snooze along the bank4 ,every village nestles in a dense grove of date-palms1 and one cannot conceive a lovelier harmony than that which is made by the combination of the browns below with the sea-green of the sweeping branches and the flame-like orange of the fruit4 ,the acacia 7here a large1 massive tree1 with a vigorous dark green foliage7 is frequent in the villages4 ,the shape of the hills and mountains is very peculiar and striking4 ,it gives the idea of a choppy sea of sand thrown up into abrupt peaks and then uniformly truncated by a sweep of a vast scythe1 sweeping everything from horizon to horizon4 ,here and there a little peak1 too low to be embraced in the general decapitation1 raises its head amongst innumerable table-lands and gives great value and relief to the general outline4 ,meanwhile an occasional train and not infrequent lines of telegraph poles don't add to the poetry of the scene4 ,nor the flies to one's comfort6 ,what a curse they are6 they infest one's face4 ,i wonder what the epiderm of ,egyptian children is made of2 you see babies with a dozen flies settled1 no1 stuck1 embedded in and round each of their eyes1 and as many in and about their noses and mouths2 and they make no attempt to remove them--seem absolutely unconscious of them4 ,scenery this afternoon less interesting--river wider--banks more monotonous4 ,opposite a place called ,magaga1 some fine mountains on the east bank1 scored with innumerable horizontal lines marking the monotonous parallel strata of which they are composed2 a characteristic peculiarity in all the ,egyptian hills ,i have seen as yet4 7,the finest in outline are the ,quarries opposite ,sakkara1 on the right bank1 and like those behind the ,citadel at ,cairo47 ,spent the night at a village called ,kolosana1 not having made ,minyeh owing to delay at ,benisoef1 where we coaled1 and took leave of the ,sterlings1 with whom ,i breakfasted4 ,the sunset before reaching ,kolosana was magnificent1 like a sunset at sea2 almost as grand in its simplicity4 ,between the broad flaming sky and the broad flaming river there was only a long narrow strip of dark bronze-green bank1 that seemed to burst into flame where the almost white hot sun sank scowling behind it4 ,the after-glow was also very fine1 though less grand than ,i should have expected4 ,the sky was of a deep violet1 and the distant rolling sand-tracks wore the most mysterious tints1 faint1 glimmering1 uncanny1 vague fawn colours1 pale dun browns1 and ghostly pinks4 ,saturday1 #agth4--,started at dawn1 and arrived at ,minyeh about eight o'clock4 ,stayed two hours and coaled4 ,obeying the custom of the country1 ,i have presented the crew with a sheep--great satisfaction4 ,took a stroll in the ,bazaars1 which are rather picturesque4 ,minyeh is a largish place 7chef lieu71 and1 like every second village on the ,nile1 disfigured by the tall chimneys of sugar factories4 ,there is a striking line of hills opposite ,minyeh1 quaintly jagged in outline and curiously regular in the marking of its strata4 ,passed ,beni ,hassan1 where ,i shall stop on my return4 ,it is curious to see the incessant toiling of the natives at irrigation4 ,the poor people literally make their country every year1 and it is marvellous to see how a narrow fillet of water will1 as by enchantment1 conjure up in a few weeks an oasis out of an arid desert4 ,the land of ,egypt is born afresh out of the ,nile every returning year4 ,i observe1 with pleasure1 in this part of the country those little white-domed tombs of ,sheykhs which make such a pretty feature in the landscape of ,algeria4 ,at ,minyeh there is one1 close to the riverside1 in which rests the ,sheykh of the ,crocodiles whose holy dust prevents those man-eating ornaments of the ,upper ,nile from going any further towards ,cairo--below this tomb they never venture4 ,not having reached ,manfalut by sunset1 we have drawn up for the night by the bank of the river1 nowhere in particular4 ,this entire freedom in our movements 7,i should say mine1 for the steamer stops exactly where1 when1 and as often as ,i choose7 is very agreeable4 ,less pleasant is the storm of flies and insects of every kind1 that rush in literally by myriads as soon as candles are lighted within reach of shore2 my tablecloth is darkened with thousands of little flies no larger1 wings and all1 than a moderate flea2 the nuisance is intolerable4 ,a wonderful sunset again this evening4 ,the western bank like yesterday was low and brown and green1 but1 unlike yesterday1 it was alive with the sweet clamour of many birds4 ,on the eastern side the long wall of rock which seems to enclose the whole length of the valley of the ,nile came flush1 or almost flush1 to the water's edge2 and with what an intense glory it glowed6 ,the great hills seemed clad in burnished armour of gold fringed and girt below with green and dark purple2 but the smooth face of the water was like copper1 burnished and inlaid with sapphire4 ,i sat in the long gloaming enjoying the soft1 warm1 supple air1 and watching the tints gradually change and die round the sweep of the horizon1 and across the immense mirror of the ,nile as broad as a lake4 ,it was enchanting to watch the subtle gradations by which the tawny orange trees that glowed like embers in the west1 passed through strange golden browns to uncertain gloomy violet1 and finally to the hot indigo of the eastern sky where some lingering after-glow still flushed the dusky hills2 and still more enchanting to watch the same tones on the unruffled expanse of the water1 slightly tempered by its colour and subdued to greater mystery4 ,a solemn peace was over everything4 ,occasionally a boat drifted slowly past with outspread wings1 in colour like an opal or lapis lazuli1 and then vanished4 ,it was a thing to remember4 ,i hear an altercation between ,ottilio 7my ,italian waiter7 and a stoker who has put down his grease can on one of the ,pasha's smartest plates4 ,o--7adjective7--,madonna6 se si puo vedere una carogua simile6 e se me la rompi pas8 costa piu di te--sa6 ,my young dragoman having fastened a hook to a bit of string1 and the bit of string to the stern of the steamer1 has been waiting some hours for a fish4 ,after the first hour he reasoned with himself1 and said3 ,brabs 7perhaps87 he know6--then1 dolefully1 ,he come touch the 'ook1 and then he go run away6--cela c'est vu4 ,to-morrow to ,asyoot4 #aj-a_/b ,p4,m4 ,just been on deck again4 ,dragoman still fishing6 ,he says1 ,i tink he won't4 ,i incline to agree with him4 ,sunday1 #ahth4--,started about six4 ,reached ,syoot1 or rather ,el ,hamza for ,syoot1 which is a mile inland1 at eleven4 ,between ,manfalut and ,syoot the ,nile takes an immense sweep west1 and assumes altogether a tortuous course2 the plain opens out1 the eastern mountains recede1 and for the first time an important chain closes in on the west4 ,game is already beginning to be abundant4 ,i saw a sandbank full of pelicans and geese just below this place4 ,i wish ,i could get at the names of the small birds ,i see here1 which are mostly new to me2 an ,arab invariably answers your questions on this subject by the word asfoor1 i4e4 a bird--thankee6 ,the peasants here all wear a loose dark brown robe like that of a ,franciscan monk2 and as they squat fishing on the brown bank of the river with their skull-caps and black beards1 ,i fancy ,i see the monks of the ,thebaid coming1 as in old days1 to get their daily meat out of the ,nile4 ,irrigation seems to go on more actively even than lower down2 ,i saw to-day no less than twenty-four shadoofs all in a row1 and in full play4 ,the men that worked them1 mostly naked1 were of every colour between a new halfpenny and an old shoe1 and the effect of them all toiling away and surrounded by groups of squatting onlookers was very striking4 ,hosseyn1 my servant1 the angler1 is having his head shaved on deck2 when he has done ,i shall visit the town4 ,meanwhile ,i have had a visit from the government doctor1 a rather intelligent man who made his studies in ,pisa4 ,pipes and coffee as usual4 ,here comes ,hosseyn clean-shaven4 ,he is a nice boy1 eager and willing--but wants varnish2 he can never address me without scratching his spine at its lowest extremity2 ,audrey herself could not have done it in a manner more naively unconventional4 ,though only twenty1 he has had two wives2 not liking the first1 who snubbed his relations1 he gave her three months' wages and dismissed her4 ,to avoid further unpleasantness he then married his cousin3 ,she good woman--very quiet--good tongue4 ,the village at which we have landed is very picturesque4 ,the mud and brick architecture is here carried out with some care and is entirely delightful4 ,the walls are mostly crowned with an openwork finish made by a simple arrangement of the bricks which is most effective4 ,sometimes1 as1 for instance1 in the cemetery1 they are surmounted by crenulations like those we see in the old ,assyrian monuments2 the heads of the doorways are decorated with a charming sort of diapered ornament1 capable of great variety and produced entirely by the arrangement in patterns of the bricks2 the patterns being painted black and the ground filled in with white4 ,the woodwork in the windows is also very pretty1 and altogether the general aspect of the houses most novel and striking4 ,beyond the village ,i wandered into a delightful garden2 a half cultivated wilderness of palm and gum trees in which one came on unexpected pergolas1 and lovely garden trees all pouring out their most intoxicating scents under the fiercest sun ,i ever walked beneath4 ,i saw oleanders1 the flowers of which were as thick as roses and smelt like a quintessence of nectarines2 there were also some beautiful olive trees with weeping branches--a thing ,i had never seen before--and with berries as large as plums4 ,overhead1 amongst the yellow dates1 sat doves the colour of pale violets4 ,syoot itself is beautifully situated amongst groves and gardens2 except in that it is brown and not white1 it reminded me much of an ,algerine town2 it is very unlike ,cairo4 ,the rock-cut tombs in the mountain above the town are so mutilated and disfigured that little can be made of them2 but they have that stamp of vastness which is so characteristic of all the ancient monuments of this country4 ,the view from the height is very fine4 ,the river has barely begun to fall yet1 so that everything is reflected in the great sheets of water that cover the land4 ,at evening ,i saw the sunset through the tall palm trees1 with the domes of ,syoot dark against its flaming light4 ,for a fine showy assertion that looks very original and striking1 but is not calculated for pedantic verification1 commend me to a ,frenchman4 ,the other day1 at ,boulay1 ,mariette ,bey1 the creator and the curator of the ,museum of that ilk1 and a man of high standing as an ,egyptologist1 told me that the ,nile was turned into its actual course by a great chain of hills at ,syoot which1 serving as a rampart1 alone prevented it from following its obvious tendency to flow into the ,red ,sea4 ,il allait evidemment se jeter dans la ,mer ,rouge2 in fact1 but for this hill1 there would have been no ,lower ,egypt1 that country being literally the child of the ,nile which alone prevents the sands of the central deserts from ruling over the whole breadth of the land4 ,here was a dramatic revelation of coincidences6 ,here was a startling suggestion of contingencies6 ,it fairly took your breath away6 without that hill no ,nile north of ,syoot6 half ,egypt would not have been6 ,no ,memphis6 ,memphis with its wisdom6 ,no ,alexandria with its schools6 ,no ,cairo with its four thousand mosques6 ,no ,pharaohs6 ,no ,moses6 7,the poor devil of a sculptor who drowned himself in his own fountain because he found he had made his ,moses too short might have died in his bed47 ,no ,cleopatra6 7turn in your grave1 noble dust of ,antony67--forty centuries would have had no ,pyramids from which to look down on the conquering arms of ,buonaparte4 ,mr4 ,albert ,smith's popular entertainment would have been shorn of half its glories6 ,let me breathe6 ,to what fantastic proportions did that hill grow as one thought of it6 ,alas6 then1 for prosaic fact2 and oh6 for unimaginative maps6 ,on consulting the latter ,i observed that1 by the time it reached ,syoot1 the ,nile had been flowing for nearly two hundred miles in a north-westerly direction1 away from the ,red ,sea rather than towards it2 and on visiting the spot ,i saw1 oh confusion6 that the hills which bore the responsibility 7according to ,mariette7 of making the history of the world what it is1 were on the western bank of the river6--there1 at least1 or nowhere1 for a vast plain closes in on the east4 ,this evening more visitors on board--lemonade and cigars--pour changer2 ,consuls1 c4 c4--tedious4 ,monday1 #aith4--,left ,syoot at six1 and arrived at ,sohag before three4 ,suffered a good deal in the morning from spasms of some sort1 and was not in a frame of mind to appreciate the scenery4 ,was1 moreover1 driven near the verge of exasperation by the steersman 7,reis ,ali71 who droned select passages from the ,koran1 sotto voce1 within two yards of my ears from #h ,a4,m4 till #b ,p4 ditto2 the same four bars over and over1 for ever and for ever in one unceasing guttural strain4 ,i trust the pious exercise did more for his soul than for my temper4 ,hosseyn informs me that he is about to buy a lamb1 and make him big sheep4 ,it appears that1 during a serious illness three years ago1 he vowed a votive sheep to ,sitteh ,zehneb--the granddaughter of the ,prophet--on condition that he should recover4 ,since then he has put her off 7oh1 humanity67 with candles and occasional prayer2 now1 at last1 he is going to fulfil his vow4 ,admire thrift combined with piety1 and observe the economy on the lamb4 ,habit is a strange thing6 ,hosseyn1 whose manners have been corrupted by evil communication with ,europeans1 occasionally attempts to use a fork in the bosom of his family--particularly when salad is put before him4 ,on these occasions his elder brother invariably asks him with grim sarcasm whether he has no fingers4 ,hosseyn desists at once--,brabs he beat me6--he big6 ,this evening ,i went out shooting amongst the palms and gum trees4 ,it was very delightful1 though ferociously hot4 ,the village is charmingly situated2 the ground prettily tumbled about1 and trees and houses group themselves in the most picturesque manner4 7,i noticed some new mouldings over the doorways that had a very artistic effect47 ,i can't shoot at all2 but the birds are so plentiful that something is sure to cross your gun if you only fire4 ,i got a hawk1 some doves1 a dozen little birds nameless for me1 and two little green birds of a kind that ,i have not seen before2 they are quite lovely2 must ascertain what they are called4 ,the sun had set when ,i reached the boat1 and all the dark plumes of the palm trees stood clear over the black outlines of the village2 above1 the new moon1 a keen1 golden sickle4 ,hosseyn has given up fishing4 ,oh1 oh6 nasty fish6 he to laugh me6 ,was much amused this morning by the device and trade-mark on a tin of jam4 7,jam1 if you please1 of ,messrs4 ,barnes ,co4 of ,little ,bush ,lane and ,tooley ,street47 ,the device was ,non sine labore--and the trade-mark8--a beehive8--no6--the ,pyramid of ,cheops6 ,excusez4 ,some twenty miles above ,syoot1 or1 say1 fifteen1 the eastern chain of mountains makes a bend towards the river1 and for some distance ranges near it2 the stream1 in its usual tortuous course1 sometimes flowing for a few hundred yards towards them and then for a few hundred yards in the opposite direction4 ,i wonder whether one of these bends served as a foundation1 or rather as a blind1 for ,mariette's astounding assertion that the ,nile allait evidemment se jeter dans la ,mer ,rouge4 ,did he to laugh me1 as the fish did by ,hosseyn8 ,or did he merely mean to say that1 if the ,valley of the ,nile had not turned north-west between ,keneh and ,manfaloot1 it might have turned north-east8 ,if so1 joke for joke1 ,i prefer the great ,pyramid on the jam-pot of ,mr4 ,barnes of ,little ,bush ,lane and ,tooley ,street4 ,tuesday1 #bjth4--,started at about half-past five1 and reached ,disneh in the evening4 ,there was a dead calm in the morning1 and ,i congratulated myself1 not for the first time1 on my steamer2 in a dahabieh ,i might have taken a week1 and more1 over the stretch of river ,i have just covered in a day2 and the scenery just here1 though fine1 is monotonous4 ,i am sorry for the ,sterlings1 who will1 ,i fear1 be unusually long getting up4 ,this afternoon ,i saw ,sheykh ,selim1 a sort of ,st4 ,simeon ,stylites without the column4 ,this holy man's peculiar form of piety consists in sitting stark naked on the bank of the river and exacting presents in money and kind from all passers-by4 ,hosseyn had spoken to me at great length of his wisdom and piety1 and assured me that when the crocodiles1 which are numerous about here1 presented themselves before the eyes of the ,sheykh1 he merely waved his hand and said ,biz1 biz6 whereat they fled1 rebuked4 ,he informed me also that no boat refusing him tribute could expect to get on--it would infallibly be becalmed until his holiness was propitiated4 ,to my surprise ,i found that my captain1 a sensible old gentleman in other respects1 believed this just as firmly1 though he expressed his faith more vaguely4 ,when ,i asked him whether the ,sheykh's power extended also to steamers1 which did not wait on the wind1 he said3 ,well1 ,allah was great1 and though1 certainly1 a steamer might1 no doubt--so well appointed a steamer particularly--might1 no doubt1 get past--yet who should say8 ,allah was great6 ,in fact he believed with the best2 so1 of course1 ,i said1 by all means let the ,sheykh be propitiated4 ,accordingly when we hove in sight of the little mound where he sits1 and has sat for ,god knows how many years1 we turned the steamer 7a vessel of seventy-five horse-power7 and ran straight in for the bank at considerable risk1 it struck me1 of not getting off again4 ,the whole crew then went ashore in great excitement1 headed by the captain1 and surrounded the ,saint1 kissing his hand and salaaming4 ,as ,i did not wish to hurt the old gentleman's feelings by not kissing his hand1 ,i stayed on board and looked on4 ,sheykh ,selim is a very vigorous-looking old fellow of the colour of a very dusky mahogany table2 his hair and beard are woolly and of a dirty white2 his countenance1 as far as ,i could judge from a little distance1 good-humoured and sagacious4 ,he squats on the ground with his knees up and his arms folded across them4 ,he inspects his presents1 and asks for more4 ,after the levee was over1 and when our crew were about to come on board1 he called after them and asked for roast meat1 and then again a second time for oil wherewith to anoint himself4 ,there1 said ,hosseyn triumphantly1 he know everything6 he know we have roast meat--how he know that8 ,i was amused at the intellectual superiority of ,ottilio1 the ,italian waiter4 ,quanto sono stupidi questi ,arabi6 ,for my part ,i don't see much more difficulty in swallowing ,sheykh ,selim than a stigmatised nun or a winking picture--,i told him so4 ,we should have reached ,keneh to-day1 but the coals were bad1 and we had to stop at ,dishulh1 three hours this side of that place4 ,where was thy favouring grace1 ,o ,sheykh8 ,it appears that1 like the gods of ancient ,greece1 the ,sheykhs of ,egypt have their little misunderstandings2 ,i am told that on one occasion ,selim1 having a few words with another holy man thirty-five miles up the river1 by name ,sheykh ,fadl1 and waxing wroth1 threw a stone at him 7what are thirty or forty miles to a saint87 and blinded him of one eye2 whereon ,sheykh ,fadl returned the amenity by throwing some fire at ,sheykh ,selim1 thereby sorely burning him4 ,i have seen the scar1 my coxswain informs me4 ,killed another fatted sheep for the crew4 ,wednesday1 #bast4--,arrived at ,lougsor 7,el ,uker7 about three4 ,it was too hot for sightseeing1 so ,i waited till evening and went out shooting in a boat2 at least ,i went out with the idea of shooting--if possible a pelican or a crane--but the birds were too shy--,i could not get within fair shooting distance2 wounded a pelican1 but could not get after him in the deep mud4 ,got belated on the river1 and the crew had to pull hard for an hour and a half to reach the steamer2 fortunately there was a moon4 ,anything more good-humoured or more ineffective than the way in which the sailors pulled and shoved1 ,i never saw2 they hopped in and out of the boat in the shallows1 up to their hips in the water--pushed1 tugged1 rowed and sang die era im piacus2 they can do nothing without the accompaniment of some rhythmic1 droning refrain1 which they can keep up for an indefinite time4 ,anything will do2 my fellows pulled on this occasion to the following words-- ,min ,minyeh fi ,benisoef1 which is as who should say-- ,from ,henlee to ,cookham ,reach1 giving the stroke and the emphasis on the last syllable4 ,in the evening was visited by ,mustafa ,aga1 ,h4,b4,m4 ,consular ,agent1 one of his sons1 the ,turkish ,governor 7,hassan ,effendi71 and the local doctor4 ,mustafa is a very courteous old gentleman1 with half a nose1 and much respected by all who know him2 ,i observed that ,said1 his son1 would not smoke in his father's presence1 in accordance with an ,arab custom1 which did not much remind me of the manner in which the gov'nor is treated in ,england4 ,on ,thursday morning1 #bbnd1 ,i started to see the tombs of the kings1 leaving the eastern bank and ,karnak for my return4 ,it was a lovely morning1 and ,i crossed the ,nile before the air had had time to get thoroughly heated4 ,on the other side ,i found horses1 kindly lent me by ,mustafa 7whose son accompanied me71 and donkeys for the rest of the party4 ,there were a good many of us1 and we made a very absurd-looking procession--en tete1 a couple of fine brawny ,arabs1 one of whom has been the guide to these ruins since ,champollion2 then ,said and ,i on our horses--mine a good-looking chestnut1 caparisoned with scarlet finery2 behind us1 on their respective donkeys1 the captain in full uniform holding a large umbrella over his head1 ,hosseyn in his ,arab dress1 the ,french cook in his official white jacket and cap1 the ,italian waiter with a large handkerchief over his head1 and the engineer2 further behind1 lesser menials and the hamper4 ,i forgot the ,turkish ,cawass in uniform and armed to the teeth4 ,hovering round1 brandishing water-bottles1 was a swarm of ,arab boys and girls1 in sizes1 and of various qualities of chocolate2 they were dressed in the most fantastically tattered remnants of dark brown shirts that ,i ever saw2 there was one little monkey of a dull ebony colour turned up with pale blue1 whose form was revealed rather than covered by a few incoherent brown shreds of garment1 and who was inexpressibly droll from the way in which he cocked his little head demurely on one side with a half-consciousness of insufficient drapery4 ,the ride to the tombs1 which takes about an hour1 and the latter half of which lies through an arid valley1 is very striking from the form and colour of the mountains4 ,nothing announces that one is approaching the city of the dead1 and it is not till you stand before them that you become aware of the plain square openings which lead down to these magnificent last resting-places of the kings4 ,it was a right royal idea this1 of the old rulers of ,egypt1 to plunge these shafts into the bowels of the rock1 and give themselves a mountain for a tombstone over the palace which was their grave4 ,the design of these houses of the dead is simple and apparently always much the same3 a long corridor1 sometimes with lateral galleries1 sometimes with recesses or small chambers on each side1 leads downwards by a not very rapid incline to a great hall1 in the centre of which is the sarcophagus which contained the mummy of the king in its magnificent case2 these cases have of course been all removed4 ,all these lateral chambers were also originally filled with mummies--those1 ,i believe1 of the relations of the sovereign4 ,the walls of these subterranean palaces and the ceilings are adorned throughout with coloured hieroglyphs and flat sculptured graven images representing mostly sacred and mystical scenes1 but often1 also1 illustrating the different trades and crafts practised by the ,egyptians4 ,these paintings are of high interest from an ethnographic point of view--,poynter would have a fit over them4 ,in the innermost places scores of bats dart about in intense alarm4 ,the effect of the scanty light from the candles on these painted walls and on the dark bony forms of the ,arabs is extremely fine--what your literary tourist would call worthy of the pencil of ,rembrandt4 ,after lunching in a shady spot we took an anything but shady ride to the temple-palace of ,koorneh1 and from thence to the ,memnonium4 ,both are very interesting1 but the latter by far the finest2 there is about it a breadth and a vastness1 together with much elegance and variety1 that are very impressive4 ,nothing that ,i have seen is comparable to the monuments of ,egypt1 for the expression of gigantic thoughts and limitless command of material and labour2 withal there is about them something stolid and oppressive that is unsatisfactory2 and as ,i looked at these vast ruins1 vivid memories of ,athens and its ,acropolis invaded me1 and the ,parthenon in all its serene splendour rose before my mind2 mighty1 too1 in its measured sobriety1 stately in the noble rhythm of its forms2 infinitely precious in the added glory of its sculptures2 lovable as a living thing2 and then more1 perhaps1 than ever before1 ,i felt what a divine breath informed that marvellous ,attic people1 and what an ineffaceable debt of gratitude is due to them from us1 blind fumblers in their footsteps4 ,i was less struck than ,i had expected to be by the two colossal statues1 of one of which it was poetically fabled by the ancients that a mysterious clang rose from it as the first rays of the rising sun smote its forehead4 ,the myth is more striking than the statues1 though their size and isolation give them something impressive4 ,i had expected them1 too1 ,i don't know why1 to be in a desert1 and they are in a field4 ,how infinitely grander is the great ,sphinx1 with its strange1 far-gazing1 haunting eyes1 fixed1 for ever1 on the ,east1 as if expecting the dawn of a day that never comes2 immovable1 unchanging1 without shadow of sorrow1 or light of gladness1 whilst the gladness of men has turned to sorrow and their thoughts to ashes before them1 through three times a thousand years6 ,century by century the desert has been gathering and growing round it--the feet are buried1 the body1 the breast are hidden4 ,how soon will the sealing sands give rest at last to those steadfast1 expectant eyes8 ,in the evening ,hosseyn had a great fantasia and fulfilled his vow--and spent all his money4 ,he killed his sheep and roasted it1 bought some rice and boiled it1 some flour and had it made into bread2 then mixing the whole1 he distributed it in six very large trays2 three were put before the crew1 one he had placed on the wayside for all comers 7and they all came72 the other two were sent to the nearest mosque for the same purpose1 and with similar results2 then1 being unable to read himself1 he paid five men to recite from the ,koran at night1 in the mosque1 and invited thereto the captain1 ,mustafa ,aga1 and his son and several others2 he1 the while1 sitting outside and offering coffee to whoever passed by4 ,when it was all over he came to me radiant3 ,el ,hamdul illah1 he said1 throwing up his hands1 this is good6 ,i am happy1 everybody to be satisfied6 this is rich day6 ,el ,hamdul illah6 my money is all gone6 why shall ,i mind8 ,i spend it for ,god6 brabs something good happen for me1 el ,hamdul illah6 ,his delight at the performance of his vow and his absolute faith were the prettiest thing one could see4 ,talking of faith1 ,i am much struck by the dignified simplicity with which ,mahometans practise the observances of their religion2 praying at the appointed times without concealment1 wherever they happen to be1 and as a matter of course4 ,friday1 #bcrd4--,started early and coaled1 first at ,erment and then again at ,esne1 after which1 being stopped by the night and shallow water1 we anchored off a bank nowhere in particular4 ,heavens1 what a hot day6 this is indeed the fire that quickens ,nilus' slime1 but has a vastly different effect on me4 ,sketching will be quite out of the question unless it gets rapidly cooler4 ,at ,esne ,i was visited by the chief magistrate1 and by the governor of the province2 the former a jolly old bonhomme who offered me snuff1 the other a very refined old gentleman with most charming manners4 ,both were ,turks2 and as they spoke no ,christian tongue our conversation was carried on entirely through a dragoman2 ,i was1 however1 pleased to find that ,i recognised several words that ,i learnt last year at ,constantinople2 ,i was glad1 too1 to hear again that fine vigorous language1 the sound of which is extremely agreeable to me4 ,eastern manners are certainly very pleasing1 and the frequent salutations1 which consist in laying the hand first on the breast and then on the forehead1 making at the same time a slight inclination1 are graceful without servility4 ,when an ,egyptian wishes to express great respect he first lowers his hands to the level of his knees1 exactly as in the days of ,herodotus4 ,talking of ,herodotus1 here is a first-rate subject for ,gerome suggested by that author2 it is ethnographical and ghastly4 ,the scene is laid in the establishment of an ancient ,egyptian embalmer and undertaker1 fitted up with all the implements and appliances of the trade2 in the background1 but not so far as to exclude detail1 groups of assistants should be shown busied over a number of corpses and illustrating all the different stages of preparation1 embalsamation1 swathing1 c4 c4 ,in the centre a bereaved family have brought their lamented relative1 and are selecting1 from specimens submitted to them by the master undertaker1 a style of treatment suited to their taste and means1 and expressive of their particular shade of grief4 ,a large assortment of mummy-cases would form appropriate accessories and give great scope for the display of knowledge and the use of a fine brush4 ,it seems to me that so pleasing a mixture of corpses and archaeology1 impartially treated by that polite and accomplished hand1 could not fail to create considerable sensation4 ,took a stroll through ,esne whilst the ship was coaling4 ,the darker tints of skin are beginning to preponderate more and more2 mummy colour is in the ascendant here1 together with a fine ,brunswick black4 ,the men1 ,i observe1 spin in this country4 ,the children are quite fascinating2 they have nothing on but a little tuft of hair on the top of their shaven heads2 those dazzling little teeth of theirs are wonderful to see1 and funny--like a handful of rice in a coal-scuttle4 ,fine sunset again2 the hills1 ranged in an amphitheatre from east to west1 showed a most wonderful gradation from extreme dark on one side to glowing light on the other4 ,i make the profound reflection that no two sunsets are alike2 this remark1 however1 does not extend to descriptions of sunsets--verb4 sap4 ,when ,i saw ,holman ,hunt's ,isabel1 his pot of basil puzzled me sorely2 ,i had seen a great deal of basil1 and have an especial love for it2 but ,i had never seen it except with a very small leaf4 ,i was sure1 however1 knowing his great accuracy1 that ,hunt had sufficient foundation for the large leaf he gave the plant in his picture2 the very fellow of it is now before me in a nosegay of flowers1 very kindly sent me by the old governor of ,esne4 ,as ,i smell it ,i am assailed by pleasant memories of ,lindos--,lindos the beautiful--and ,rhodes1 and that marvellous blue coast across the seas1 that looks as if it could enclose nothing behind its crested rocks but the ,gardens of the ,hesperides2 and ,i remember those gentle1 courteous ,greeks of the island 7so unlike their swaggering kinsfolk--if they are their kinsfolk--of the mainland71 and the little nosegay1 a red carnation and a fragrant sprig of basil1 with which they always dismiss a guest4 ,as we lay anchored by the shore in the evening1 the dahabiehs came sweeping past in the moonlight2 and the faint glimmering of the shell-like sails1 and the flutter of the water against the swift1 cutting keels1 and the silence of the huddled groups1 and the dark watchful figure of the helmsman at the helm1 were strangely fantastic and beautiful4 ,saturday1 #bdth4--,started at half-past five--passed ,edfou 7which ,i leave for my return7 at half-past seven4 ,shall we reach ,assouan to-day8 ,hosseyn's pious orgies have1 ,i fear1 turned his head1 for ,i observed yesterday that he has taken to fishing again4 ,brabs6--,insha ,allah6 ,his interpretation of dreams is worthy of the ancient oracle-mongers2 on the night before his sacrifice he dreamt that he had bought a slave1 and then released it3 ,wull6 the slave is my sheep--is it not my slave8 ,wull1 have ,i not buy it8 ,wull1 ,i give it to the beebles--go6--,i release it6 ,whether the sheep1 personally1 considered itself released is problematic4 ,saturday ,evening4--,reached ,assouan this afternoon at four1 and1 after the usual visit from the governor1 took a stroll4 ,i don't yet know whether ,i am disappointed in the place or not4 ,at all events it is quite unlike my expectations of it4 ,i had imagined1 ,i suppose from descriptions1 a narrower gorge and higher rocks2 in point of fact there is no gorge at all1 but the river is narrowed1 or1 rather1 split by several islands and some fine granite boulders cropping up here and there to fret the river1 and announcing the rapids2 otherwise the country is open enough1 and original and striking in aspect2 ,i shall know better to-morrow what ,i think of it all4 ,i saw during my evening stroll1 and for the first time in my life1 a group of slaves1 mostly girls4 ,if ,i had seen them subjected to any ill-treatment ,i should have felt very indignant2 but ,i am bound to own that1 seeing them squatting round a fire like any other children1 showing no mark of slavery1 and occupied in cooking their food1 scratching themselves 7as well1 no doubt1 they might67 and looking otherwise very like monkeys1 ,i found it difficult to realise to myself the hardship of their position1 however much it may revolt one in the abstract4 ,they were black1 and uglier than young negroes generally are2 their hair was arranged in an infinity of minute1 highly-greased plaits all round their heads2 the elder ones were draped2 the youngest wore a fringe pour tout potage4 ,this is a noisy night2 there is a moolid going on on the high bank to which we have made fast1 and which borders the public square4 ,a double row of howling dervishes are squatting and rocking and howling after their kind1 almost over my head4 ,in the brief lulls during which they take breath for further efforts1 ,i hear from the other side of the river the mournful1 weary1 incessant creak of the water-wheel 7with its blindfold cow or camel plodding round and round and round1 apparently for ever71 which in this region almost entirely supersedes the hand-worked bucket4 ,the contrast is very curious4 ,i have just returned the governor's visit4 ,i found him sitting on a sofa in the piazza opposite the ,government ,house1 with half-a-dozen hand lanterns brought by the guests in front of him1 and on each side a long row of benches 7forming an avenue up to his seat7 on which squatted and smoked numbers of picturesque folk1 who looked to great advantage by the flickering glimmer of the lamps and under the soft warm light of an ,african moon4 ,i sat in the place of honour1 smoked my conventional tchibouque1 drank my inevitable cup of coffee1 conveyed through my dragoman the usual traveller's remarks and questions 7cardboard questions1 so to speak1 of which ,i knew the answers7 to my host1 who1 like all the ,turkish officials that ,i have seen1 has the manners of a perfect gentleman and much natural dignity4 ,sunday1 #beth4--,started for ,phylae at half-past seven2 arrived there at nine o'clock4 ,the road leads through a broad tract of yellow sand 7where1 ,i believe1 an arm of the ,nile is supposed to have flowed in remote antiquity7 along which on either side crop up1 in wild1 irregular fashion1 bumps and hillocks and hills of dark red granite1 covered over with innumerable fragments of the same stone1 scattered in the most incredible confusion1 and having rather a ludicrous appearance of having been left about and forgotten4 ,you could get an excellent notion of the thing in miniature1 by hastily spilling a coal-scuttle on a gravel walk and running away4 ,above ,assouan we are fairly in ,nubia1 and of course none but the darkest complexions are to be seen2 but so large a number of negroes make their way here from the ,soudan 7the ,nubians are not black1 but of a beautiful dark cairngorm brown71 that the whole place has an air of negro-land which is disagreeable to me4 ,the young men1 indeed1 both black and brown1 are sometimes extremely fine fellows 7bar the legs1 which are never good71 but the girls1 as far as one can see them1 are tolerably ill-favoured1 and the old women1 of an ugliness which passes all belief4 ,they are far worse than apes4 ,the ladies in this part of the country gladden the hearts of their admirers by anointing their bodies with castor oil1 so that the atmosphere of their villages1 however full of sweet suggestion to a native1 is much the reverse to a traveller with a nose not attuned to these perfumes2 the smell that greets you through an open door is a mixture of the bouquet just named1 and a penetrating flavour of accumulated stuffed beasts1 and naturally interferes much with my enjoyment4 ,at ,mahatter we left our donkeys and took a boat to ,phylae1 a quarter of a mile1 which takes half an hour owing to the rapidity of the current just above the cataract4 ,the scenery about ,phylae has been spoken of as ,paradise2 ,i never saw anything less like my notion of ,paradise1 and so far1 therefore1 ,i am disappointed4 ,original and strange it is1 in a high degree4 ,it is in fact exactly like the valley of which ,i spoke a little further back1 only that the hills are four times as high1 and water takes the place of the sand2 the same breaking up of the rocks into a myriad of fragments1 putting all grandeur and massiveness of form out of the question--and1 with the exception of a few palm trees and a sycamore or two1 the same barrenness4 ,looking up in the direction of ,wady ,halfa1 the mountains appear to grow finer in outline1 and a tract of very yellow sand amongst their highest crests is striking and original--gold dust in a cup of lapis lazuli4 ,with the island itself and its beautiful group of temples it is impossible not to be delighted4 ,nothing could be more fantastic or more stately than the manner in which it rises out of the bosom of the river like a vast ship1 surrounded as it is on all sides by a high wall sheer from the water to the level on which the temples stand4 ,one hall in the main temple1 and one only1 shows still a sufficient amount of colour to give a very good idea of what the effect must have been originally2 the green and blue capitals must have been very lovely4 ,it is needless to say that here1 as elsewhere1 travellers have left by hundreds lasting memorials of their brutality1 in the shape of names and dates drawn1 painted1 scratched1 and cut on every wall and column1 so that the eye finds no rest from them4 ,this strange and ineffably vulgar mania is as old as the world1 and the tombs of the kings at ,thebes are scrawled over with inscriptions left there by ancient ,greek and ,roman visitors4 ,i shall return to ,phylae shortly to make a sketch or two--,insha ,allah4 ,here1 at last1 ,i have found that absolutely clear crystalline atmosphere of which ,i had so often heard2 ,i own it is not pleasing to me2 a sky of burnished steel over a land of burning granite would no doubt be grand if the outlines of the granite were fine--but they are not4 ,meanwhile1 perspective is abolished--everything is equally and obtrusively near1 and ,i sadly miss the soft mysterious veils and pleasant doubts of distance that enchant one in other lands4 ,i think it very likely that in winter one has great compensation from the exhilarating purity of the air2 but just now the heat1 which is simply infernal1 is too trying for me to do justice to these advantages2 no doubt the air is light and dry1 but ,i feel unfortunately so very heavy and wet1 that ,i am not in a position fully to appreciate it4 ,returning to ,assouan in the evening1 saw a dahabieh that had just got through the jaws of the cataracts1 always rather a nervous matter2 at least so they say2 to be very dyinger 7dangerous871 according to ,hosseyn2 the men were chanting a monotonous strain that had little of triumph in it1 but rather conveyed a feeling of an always impending calamity escaped this time2 it was melancholy and very striking1 ,i thought1 in the silence of the gloaming2 very likely pure fancy on my part1 for ,i doubt whether more than a couple of boats are lost in a season1 and the sailors of the ,nile must be well accustomed to the dangers of these rapids2 but the impression on me at the time was very strong4 ,monday1 #bfth4--,the dragoman of the ship having a swelling of some sort on his arm1 an ,arab doctor was sent for1 and forthwith informed him that his arm was possessed of the devil66 ,went to see the island of ,elephantina opposite ,assouan1 but saw nothing to suggest its ancient magnificence4 ,gave a silver farthing to a funny little child1 which 7the farthing7 being perforated1 his mother immediately tied into one of his little oily locks--an ingenious substitute for a pocket4 ,i observed several little boys simply attired in a piece of string tied round their loins--there1 ,diogenes6 ,tuesday1 #bgth4--,began sketching1 but am out of form from the heat4 ,i am working chiefly because ,i am weary of idleness4 ,i don't much care for the two sketches ,i have begun2 they will therefore probably turn out badly4 ,going to try another presently4 ,tuesday ,evening4--,have begun a sketch which interests me more than the others2 it is taken amongst the tombs and shrines on the hills south of the town towards ,phylae4 ,as my evening's work was drawing to a close1 ,i heard a shuffling of feet a little behind me1 and1 turning round1 saw1 in the full fire of sunset1 what appeared to me at first to be a procession of golden apes with dark blue robes1 light blue lips1 and nose-rings2 on closer inspection they turned out to be ,nubian women going home to their village4 ,hosseyn1 qui a le mot pour rire1 apparently1 engaged in conversation with them1 and convulsed them with laughter2 the flashes of teeth were very funny to see4 ,at last he gave them a few halfpence1 and desired them to sing2 whereon they set up a series of the most uncouth howls ,i ever heard2 one baboon in particular got up and1 using a flat date basket as a tambourine1 accompanied her vocal performance with hops and jumps that would have done honour to any inmate of the monkey-house in the ,zoological ,gardens4 ,the twilight1 walking home1 was lovely4 ,the earth was in colour like a lion's skin2 the sky of a tremulous violet1 fading in the zenith to a mysterious sapphire tint4 ,dolce color d'oriental zaffiro4 ,slew another sheep--,allah hou akbar6 7without which formula in the killing a good ,muslim must not touch the meat73 this sheep is no empty formality1 for the unfortunate sailors would never see meat without it2 they live on bread and occasional beans4 ,this is the fourth night of the moolid1 which is to last the whole week6 ,at this very moment the tambourines of the dervishes are driving me nearly wild with their diabolic din4 ,wednesday1 #bhth4--,got on indifferently with my sketches2 only one of them interests me much4 ,the morning was almost cool and really delightful1 but the heat was as great as ever in the daytime4 ,i have always been unable to see the extraordinary difference which is said to exist between the length of the twilight in the north1 and in southern countries2 ,i could have read large print to-night three-quarters of an hour after sunset4 ,habit is everything1 no doubt1 as we are reminded by ,herodotus1 a propos of a certain people who ate their dead relatives instead of burning them2 but ,i wonder whether ,i should ever get accustomed to the aching1 straining1 creaking complaint of the water-wheel far and near1 morning1 noon and night1 morning1 noon and night2 ,i can just fancy its becoming attaching as the clacking of a mill4 ,i have often wondered why1 contrary to all analogy1 the ,spaniards call oil azedo1 which at first sight appears to be the same word as the ,italian aceto4 ,i find that the word is ,arabic3 zeyd4 ,mem43 ,look up the etymology of the ,english word cough1 to which no ,european word that ,i remember has any affinity1 and which rather appears to be onomatopoeic4 ,the ,arabs say kokh 7guttural ending72 is this a mere coincidence1 and does the word date beyond the ,crusades8 ,i find a good many words that have a curious likeness to ,english4 ,my endeavours to pick up a little ,arabic are almost entirely frustrated by ,hosseyn's utter inability to pull a sentence to pieces for me4 ,in an ,arabic sentence of two words 7e4g4 azekan tareed--if you please7 he could not tell me which word was the verb6 literally2 ,i had to find out as best ,i could4 ,i never saw anything to approach his obtuseness in the matter1 except perhaps that of ,georgi1 my dragoman in ,turkey4 ,as ,i was sketching this evening a ,nubian passed me1 very grandly draped and erect1 and followed by two green monkeys that were fastened by leading-strings to his belt4 ,they toddled very snugly after their stately master and made a queer group4 ,sunday1 ,november #a4--;,i am in a state of appreciative enjoyment of the comforts and civilised cleanliness of my steamer1 having just returned from three or four days' roughing in the ruins of ,phylae4 ,roughing is a relative term1 and my trials were of a very mild description1 for though ,i slept a la belle etoile 7or rather tried to sleep71 at all events ,i had a bed to rest in1 and the air at night was delightful2 moreover1 the commissariat was very satisfactorily managed1 so that food and drink were abundant2 nevertheless1 ,i must maintain that living in an open ruin is not comfortable4 ,i made two or three sketches1 and should probably have enjoyed myself1 but that on the second day ,i was entirely thrown off the rails by the heat whilst sketching2 ,i thought ,i should get a coup de soleil2 ,i was very indisposed in the evening1 and utterly unable to work the next morning1 so that ,i took the place en grippe1 and could see nothing but the ugliness of the rocks and the wearing monotony of the hieroglyphs4 ,picked up in the evening1 and liked the place better2 made some original and striking reflections about the desirability of health4 ,having heard much of the beauty of the full moon at ,phylae1 timed my visit to see it1 and was entirely delighted4 ,the light was so brilliant that one could read with ease1 but at the same time so soft1 so rich1 and so mellow that one seemed not to see the night1 but to be dreaming of the day4 ,the ,arabs say of a fine night1 it is a night like milk1 but there is more of amber than of milk in the nights of ,phylae4 ,the rising of the moon last night was the first thing of the sort ,i ever saw2 the disc was perfectly golden1 not as in a mist1 but set sharp and clear in the sky1 and exactly like the sun1 except that you could look at it without pain to the eyes4 ,the effect of this effulgent light on the shoulder of the hill was magical4 ,the last hour of the afternoon ,i spent in strolling about the villages1 which are picturesque4 ,the cottages are four brown1 roofless walls1 built of the usual unburnt brick1 and coated with mud2 but the doorways are always highly decorated with painted geometrical devices which1 in the mass of plain1 sober brown1 have a very cheerful and artistic effect4 ,the people1 too1 amuse me2 a pleasant1 gentle1 grinning folk these ,nubians seem2 ,i like their jargon--after the guttural ,arabic it sounds so soft and round1 and the women have funny1 cooing inflections of voice 7pretty voices1 often7 that are pleasing4 ,some of the girls are good-looking2 chiefly through the brightness of their eyes and the milky whiteness of their teeth4 ,the coiffure of the children is too funny2 it consists in tufts of hair of various shapes and patterns left on an otherwise shaven head2 often a crest all down the middle and a tuft on each side1 exactly like the clown's wig in a pantomime2 it is irresistibly droll4 ,a grand sight is to see the villagers keeping the birds from their crops2 they all serve in their turn1 men1 women1 and children2 they stand each on a rude sort of scaffold which rises about two feet clear of the corn2 they are armed with slings from which they hurl lumps of clay at the birds1 uttering loud cries at the same time4 ,their movements are full of grandeur and character4 ,i wonder ,gerome has never treated a subject so well suited to him4 ,why1 too1 has he never painted mine enemy the sakkea1 which is even more emphatically in his way1 for1 besides the scope for fine and quaint forms both in the men and the animals that work it1 the accessories are abundant and interesting1 and there are ropes in great abundance4 ,is the sakkea my friend or my enemy8 ,its chant is so incessant that ,i should have to make up my mind if ,i stayed longer in the country2 it would either fascinate me or drive me mad4 ,as ,i listen in the silence of the evening1 the rise and fall1 the shifting and swaying of the wind bring its complaint from across the gurgling river in such a fitful way that it has the strangest and most unexpected effects3 sometimes ,i fancy ,i hear deep1 drowsy tones of a distant organ1 sometimes the shrill quavering of a bagpipe2 sometimes it is like a snatch of a song1 sometimes like a whole chorus of voices singing a solemn strain in the sad1 empty night2 sometimes1 alas6 too often1 like a snarling1 creaking door-post4 ,phylae being above the cataracts1 my steamer stopped at ,assouan1 and ,i went there by donkey as before2 returning1 ,i chartered a dahabieh to see the said cataracts1 of which for some days ,i had heard so much2 amongst other things1 that a ship was wrecked there three weeks ago 7,i saw it stuck on its rock to-day74 ,the cowardice of the people here1 at least in this particular matter1 is very funny2 too naif to inspire disgust3 my captain1 an old sailor1 and the nicest old gentleman possible1 told ,hosseyn that nothing would induce him to go down them2 ,i thought ,i observed a shade of respectful interest in his reception of me on my return from an exploit which most ,english women would consider good fun4 ,i make no doubt that when the water is much lower1 and your dahabieh shoots a good six or eight feet drop1 and goes half into the water besides1 considerable excitement may be got out of it2 but now that the drop is not or does not look more than about a yard1 and that the whole affair consists in a few plunges and shipping a little water1 the emotion is very mild1 and ,i own to considerable disappointment1 though as far as it went it was pleasant4 ,nevertheless ,i did not for a moment regret coming if only on account of the amusement ,i got out of the sailors and pilots2 the latter were men of years2 the former1 fine1 jolly-looking lads as one could wish to see2 but their demeanour throughout was infinitely droll2 they rested their feet 7according to custom here7 on inclined planks1 up which they ran three steps with their arms well forward to fetch the stroke1 getting back into the sitting position as they pulled through the water 7and wonderfully fine the action looks in a large crew all pulling well together72 but the contortions in which they indulged1 the gnashing and grinding of teeth1 the throwing back of agonised heads1 the frowns1 the setting of jaws1 the straining of veins1 the rolling of eyes1 the groans1 and1 absurdest of all1 the coming down on one another's laps and the cutting of crabs1 were ineffably grotesque1 and would have convulsed me with laughter if ,i had not controlled myself manfully4 ,meanwhile the pilots were howling at one another and them with all the vehemence of a violent altercation1 and for no discernible reason4 ,when they were not shrieking at one another1 the crew took up the usual ,arab boatmen's chant 7,i know no better word72 one man gives out a short sentence1 or name1 or form of prayer 7not exceeding four syllables7 in a quavering treble1 and the rest then repeat it in chorus in a graver key--the effect is very original4 ,as we got within sight of the big cataract and the stranded ship1 ,hosseyn loudly exhorted the crew to pray to the ,prophet1 and all the saints who have their shrines on the heights of ,assouan1 to see them safely through the danger2 the invitation was loudly responded to1 and everybody who had not an oar to pull held up his hands and prayed with great fervour--which was very pretty1 and done with the dignified simplicity which always accompanies an ,arab's devotions2 but it was certainly disproportionate to the emergency4 ,when we had danced up and down 7or rather down and up7 three or four times1 ,i had the curiosity to look about for the sailor and waiter ,i had brought with me from the steamer2 they were respectively green and yellow in their unfeigned terror4 ,then there was a nominal small cataract 7the first one is called the great cataract71 and indeed ,i believe there was a third little commotion2 then ,hosseyn1 throwing up his arms1 exclaimed1 ,el ,hamdul illah66 finish66 and it was1 as he said1 finish4 ,i am utterly ignorant of the mysteries of navigation1 but one figure we executed between the cataracts and ,assouan struck me as novel3 it consisted in turning entirely round in a wide circle to take 7as it were7 a fresh start2 this manoeuvre we performed with much gravity and success two successive times4 ,an elaborate salute from the guns of the dragoman and engineer1 responded to with appropriate solemnity by ,hosseyn1 announced my return to my steamer--and1 oh joy6 my tub4 ,in the evening governor of course4 ,monday1 #bnd4--,resumed work2 painted for a couple of hours--badly--in a high wind at an ugly study of a view ,i don't like4 ,i consider it a sort of discipline4 ,the wind to-day is tremendously high2 the dahabiehs will come flying up now4 ,i saw my friend the captain just now sitting on the bank in the midst of an interested circle having his fortune told4 ,there is a blessing for them that wait4 ,hosseyn has caught a fish6 two fishes1 to-day6 his glee is unlimited1 he is radiant2 when that boy is at the near end of his fishing rope1 he is so absorbed ,i can't get him to attend to me or to answer a question4 ,his brilliant piscatorial success is an opportune set-off against a chagrin the poor boy had this morning2 he was taking a dip somewhere under the paddle-box1 and lost1 in putting away his clothes 7he thinks by a black but improbable theft71 a ,koran with which he travels and to which he attributes much luck2 he was greatly cut up1 and after telling me how much he valued the book1 proceeded to inform me that it contained a little piece of wood from ,abyssinia with something written on it1 some1 what you call1 scription1 which1 when worn round the neck1 infallibly cured the bite of the scorpion2 seeing that this announcement did not impress me as much as he had expected1 he asked me with some warmth how ,i supposed1 pray1 that the snake-charmers prevented the snakes from biting them if it was not by saying something out of the ,bible4 ,another sheep to-day2 there was some hitch about the manner of the killing which caused a little excitement2 his throat was not turned to the sun 7or the ,east87 whilst he was being slaughtered2 an important matter4 ,i observe that ,turkish officials are not expected to be able to write2 my captain can1 but ,i remarked that when his secretary1 a poor1 wizened little thing1 whose nose and trousers are far too short1 but whose mouth and ears offer ample compensation through their length1 brought him to-day the ship's accounts1 he stamped his signature at the foot of the page instead of writing it1 although he happened to have a pen in his hand2 ,i was giving him his ,english lesson4 ,talking of accounts1 the ,arabs have a curious way of singing or rather intoning their sums1 rocking all the while backwards and forwards like so many ,dervishes4 ,i have seen a large house of business 7at ,sohag7 where all the clerks were doing it at once2 it was like a madhouse4 ,oh1 ,lombard ,street1 and oh1 ,mark ,lane6 what would you have felt at the sight8 ,tuesday1 #crd4--,my last day at ,assouan4 ,finished my sketches1 took leave of the governor1 and had a final stroll about the streets of the town1 which seemed to me unusually picturesque4 ,i remark that ,i invariably like a place best the day ,i leave it2 if ,i am sorry to go1 my regret casts a halo over it2 if ,i am glad1 my gladness makes everything brighter4 ,how picturesque the people are6 their flowing1 flying draperies are wonderfully grand4 ,i hope ,i may carry away with me some general impressions1 but the immense multitude and rapid succession of striking things drive individual memories fatally out of the field4 ,sketching figures is out of the question--the effects are all too fugitive4 ,this was also the last day of the moolid1 and high time too2 ,i met in the morning1 in a narrow street1 a procession of sailors carrying a boat1 which they were about to deposit in the tomb of the sheykh in whose honour the moolid is held1 and whose name they were loudly invoking4 ,in front1 drums and flags1 and cawasses firing guns2 behind1 in front1 everywhere1 a host of most paintable ragamuffins enjoying the fun2 above1 over the brown house-tops1 dark blue figures of women huddled peering at the procession2 over them a blue sky with a minaret standing against it1 a palm tree2 some doves--there was the picture1 it was charming4 ,the children as usual called out1 ,baksheesh howaga2 the so-called begging of the people has been ludicrously exaggerated2 in the first place1 only the children ask for baksheesh 7,i mean1 of course1 without the pretext of a service rendered71 and in the next1 they treat the whole thing as an excellent joke1 and evidently have seldom the slightest expectation that they are to get anything4 ,when you approach a village1 every child1 from as far as it sees you1 whether from a window1 or a doorway1 or half-way up a palm tree1 or the middle of the road1 holloas out lustily1 ,baksheesh1 baksheesh1 generally with much laughter1 and frequently with a universal scamper in every direction except towards you4 ,what ,i call begging is that importunate whining that clings to you1 and harasses you wherever you turn in the south of ,italy or ,spain1 and with which this clamorous performance has nothing in common4 ,i have remarked1 with regard to grown-up ,arabs1 that though they wrangle vehemently with the dragoman on the subject of payment1 they invariably show the master a pleasant and satisfied face4 ,i speak1 of course1 only of my own experience4 ,as strange a thing as a satisfied man is a barking fish2 the fish that ,hosseyn has caught of late--for ,fortune is his handmaid now--all utter a sound which ,i can only describe as a faint bark2 perhaps everybody knows that some fishes do this1 but ,i did not1 and my surprise was extreme4 ,they are nasty-looking objects1 all fins and teeth 7a thick row of little bristle-like teeth74 ,they are fat and shiny and most insipid eating4 ,wednesday1 #dth4--,started at six down stream2 my face is turned towards bonny old ,england again1 and ,i feel as if ,i had wings4 ,at ,kom ,ombo 7the first halt to-day7 there are some ruins on a rock which crops up abruptly by the riverside in the midst of a flat country4 ,the morning was divine1 and the view from the temple1 looking north1 surpassingly lovely in colour4 ,the form was nothing much2 a vast sandy plain 7tigered here and there with stripes of green71 and in the distance a long low nest of mountain peaks2 but the colour6--the gradation from the fawn-coloured glimmering sands in the foreground to the faint horizon with its hem of amethyst and sapphire was as enchanting a thing1 in the sweet morning light1 as ,i have ever seen4 ,the temple is fine though heavy1 and less delicate in detail than ,phylae4 ,on the under surface of the architrave1 between the columns1 are some most curious and interesting unfinished decorations1 on squares marked out in red1 and showing 7slight sketch7 such as for instance a figure tried two ways on the same spot4 ,the outlines are drawn out1 in red also1 with extraordinary firmness and freedom4 ,speaking of the squares1 ,gardiner ,wilkinson--in his1 ,i am told1 most erudite1 and1 ,i am certain1 most dry and heavy1 guide-book--says that they were used 7in the manner in which squaring off is practised in the present day7 for the purpose of transferring a design4 ,in this1 however1 he is obviously mistaken1 because the squares are adapted not to the pictures but to the space to be decorated2 the hieroglyphs and the figures being adapted to the squares1 not the squares to them3 that these squares1 once made the basis of the decoration and fixing its proportions and distribution1 may then have been used also for enlarging a small design1 or even1 instead of tracing1 for transferring one of the same size1 is probable enough2 but that was not their original function4 ,in corroboration of this view1 compare the frets and ornaments painted on the back of the architrave of the ,parthenon1 which ,i have examined closely2 they are painted in squares marked out with a sharp instrument1 and determining the space to be decorated exactly as at ,kom ,ombo4 ,the case is so entirely parallel as to suggest the idea that the ,greeks learnt the practice in ,egypt4 ,the great temple of ,edfou1 where we stopped next1 far surpasses anything ,i have yet seen in ,egypt2 not so much1 perhaps1 for any especial beauty of detail--although the sculptures are extremely fine--as for its general aspect1 which is superb1 and its wonderful state of preservation2 many parts of it look as if they had been finished yesterday4 ,the gigantic ,propylaea1 and the no less gigantic wall which encloses the whole of this fortress-temple1 are almost entirely intact1 and make it unlike any other ruin ,i know4 ,the great court1 a giant cloister into which one first enters1 discloses the temple itself1 blocked out in vast masses of light and gulfs of shade1 and tunnelled through by a corridor which reaches to its extremest end2 the absence of some portions of the roof1 by letting the light play fantastically into the inner spaces1 only adds to the mysterious grandeur of the effect4 ,a broad1 open peribolus runs round the temple1 dividing it from the towering mur d'enceinte which encloses the whole building4 ,the western part of the temple is as full of staircases1 secret passages1 and dark chambers as any ,gothic castle4 ,every square inch of the whole immense fabric is covered with sculptures and hieroglyphs4 ,i forgot to say that ,i stopped between ,kom ,ombo and ,edfou at the ancient quarries of ,gebel ,silsily1 from which the material of the sandstone temples was mostly quarried4 ,they are extremely striking1 and have a grandeur of their own4 ,it was curious to compare them mentally with the marble quarries of ,pentelicus from which ,ictinus carved the ,parthenon and ,pheidias the ,fates4 ,in a tomb at ,el ,kab are some most amusing and interesting sculptures 7with the colour almost intact on them7 representing the various occupations of ,egyptian life1 agricultural1 c4 ,the reaping of the corn and durrah is pretty--a vintage and wine-treading pleased me vastly4 ,had they wine in this district8 ,coming upon a magnificent view1 stopped the steamer for the night2 want to see it by sunrise4 ,the absurd spurious importance my steamer confers on me in the eyes of the natives is too funny4 ,at ,edfou ,i found the whole place en emoi2 horses handsomely caparisoned1 a most polite governor1 sheykhs1 and a general profusion of salaams4 ,it appears that the viceroy had the authorities in the different places telegraphed to be civil to me2 and ,god knows they are4 ,i was struck with the magnificence of the population here1 the men at least2 they are most stately fellows4 ,i should like immensely to paint some of them1 but for that there is no time2 ,i can only hope that something will stick to me from this dazzling multitude of fine things4 ,we are now again in the region of doves1 whose presence in large numbers affects the architecture of the villages in a most curious manner4 ,every house has1 or rather1 is1 a dovecot1 the chief corps de batiment being a tower1 or several towers1 of which the whole upper part is exclusively affected to the doves4 ,their sides are inclined like the sides of the propylaea of the temples1 with which they harmonise amazingly well2 they are divided horizontally by bands of colour which have an excellent effect1 recalling strongly the marked parallel strata of the mountains4 7,there is no more curious study than the concord which constantly manifests itself between national 7and notably domestic7 architecture1 and the nature in the midst of which it grows up47 ,the construction of these towers is both peculiar and ingenious2 they are built up entirely with earthen jars1 sometimes placed topsy-turvy1 but most often on their sides1 and tier above tier like bottles in a cellar4 ,the exterior is then filled in with mud1 and the interior presents the appearance of a honeycomb1 the cells being formed by the hollow jars2 in these jars the doves have their abode4 ,it is easy to see that by turning a few of the jars outwards a very simple but pretty decoration may be obtained2 a crest is added at the top by placing jars upside down at certain intervals2 the bands of colour are generally divided by a string-course of bricks something after this fashion1 but with much variety2 and each of these string-courses is garnished with a perfect hedge of branches and twigs projecting horizontally a yard or more1 and forming resting places for thousands of doves4 ,many houses have two towers1 and the wealthier people have towers of great size subdivided again into small turrets2 but in all cases the height of these edifices is the same1 or nearly so1 so that the villages received from them a very monumental look4 ,the large towers are divided after the manner shown in the sketch4 ,the natives also make to themselves curious pillar cupboards of mud 7about man high71 which from a distance have the oddest appearance2 they look like raised pies on pedestals4 ,thursday1 #eth4--,made a little sketch from the paddle-box before starting4 ,then to ,esne to return the visit of my amiable friend1 the governor2 him of the flowers4 ,there is a temple here2 a heavy-looking portico of the ,roman period1 coarsely executed1 but with a grand1 cavernous look1 buried as it is in the ground which rises all round it to half the height of the columns1 so that you have to descend a considerable flight of steps to get at it4 ,at ,arnout1 or at least within three miles of it1 are a few fragments of the ,caesarium4 ,the portraits of ,cleopatra and ,caesarion 7he is always seated on her lap71 which occur here several times1 would be of the greatest interest if they were not utterly conventional1 and exactly like everybody else in every temple of the date4 ,got to ,lougsor at sunset1 and found no letters1 no ,sterlings1 no ,lady ,duff ,gordon4 ,i trust the letters may still turn up before ,i go1 for1 if not1 ,i shall probably lose them entirely1 through my desire to get them a little earlier4 ,in the evening dined with ,mustafa ,aga1 and met there the ,american ,consul-,general1 ,mr4 ,hale1 who had run up from ,alexandria to show the ,nile to a friend of his2 both are agreeable men 7,mr4 ,hale earned my warmest blessings by lending me a pile of ,english newspapers72 there was also the ,consul from ,syoot with a friend of his4 ,after dinner the dancing girls were asked in1 and1 presently1 a buffoon who stripped to his waist and performed various antics2 he was clever and a good mimic1 but became terribly tedious after a short time4 ,his performance was of the most ,aristophanic coarseness4 ,with the girls1 of whom ,i had heard so much1 ,i was decidedly disappointed2 in the first place they were mostly ugly1 one or two only were tolerably good-looking--et encore6 ,then they were clumsily built1 and their dress was quite ludicrous3 it consisted in a body fitting tight to the figure and four inches too long in the waist1 tight sleeves1 a petticoat1 in shape exactly like a pen-wiper1 and very full1 loose trowsers 7bags7 down to the feet2 the whole of printed calico4 ,in front of their waists hung a sort of breloque1 or chain1 looped up at intervals in festoons1 the object of which was to jingle as they moved1 and to add to the effect of certain little brass castagnette cymbals which they held on the middle finger and thumb of either hand4 ,a profusion of ornaments hung round their necks4 ,their dancing is very inferior to that of the ,andalusian dancers of the same class1 whose performance is full of a quaint grace and even dignity--inferior1 too1 to the ,algerine dancing1 to which that of the south of ,spain more nearly approaches in character2 it is monotonous in the extreme--very ugly for the most part1 and remarkable only as a gymnastic feat2 sleight of loins1 so to speak4 ,these are1 however1 no doubt1 unfavourable specimens2 ,i shall see the best of the kind in ,keneh at the house of the ,consul1 who has come all the way here from that place to invite me thereto4 ,friday1 #fth4--,went to the palace and temples of ,medinet ,haboo1 with which ,i was delighted beyond my expectation4 ,what pleased me most1 and was an entire surprise to me1 was a bit of purely secular architecture--the remains of a royal residence1 with its towers flanking the great entrance1 its windows of various shapes1 balconies1 semicircular crenelations1 outer wall2 in fact1 identically such a building as one sees occasionally in ,egyptian sculptures1 and1 curiously enough1 as if it were a portrait of it1 on the walls of the very temple to which this palace leads4 ,the temple1 too 7the large one71 interested me extremely from the wonderful preservation of the coloured decoration in parts of it2 one really gathers an excellent idea of the original effect1 and a most brilliant and magnificent 7though barbarous7 effect it must have been4 ,the columns in the great hall here are of what1 for want of a better word1 ,i shall call the ninepin pattern2 and ,i think on the whole ,i prefer it to the bell-capped pattern2 because1 besides its character and massive strength1 there is no suggestion in it 7as in the other7 of the ,doric order1 with which comparison is obviously dangerous4 ,as far as ,i can observe1 there is no trace of colour on any of the propylaea1 but the pylon is always richly decorated and highly coloured4 ,this decorative importance given to the door must have had a very striking effect1 and reminds me of the same peculiarity in the dwellings of ,upper ,egypt4 ,visited a private tomb near ,medinet ,haboo1 which is full of the most curious paintings1 many of them in excellent preservation1 and representing every sort of domestic and professional occupation4 ,they are very superior in execution and character to those of ,el ,kab4 ,in the evening had a dinner on board3 ,mr4 ,hale and friend1 ,mustafa ,aga and the ,syoot ,consuls 7one of whom does not speak a word of anything but ,arabic74 ,i had also invited ,mustafa's younger son1 but find that he may not sit down with his father4 7,he accompanied me this morning1 and insisted on lunching with the servants2 on the other hand1 my servant is addressed as ,hosseyn ,effendi1 if you please6 and conversed with as a gentleman4 ,service appears to be looked upon in an entirely patriarchal light47 ,the entertainment went off successfully1 and ,ottilio1 the ,italian waiter1 covered himself with glory by his excellent waiting4 ,after dinner ,mr4 ,hale received a telegram to the effect that ,general ,grant had been elected ,president of the ,united ,states1 with ,mr4 ,colfax as ,vice4 ,he was in great excitement and delight2 we had a recrudescence of champagne1 and gave the new ,president three cheers in ,british fashion4 ,the news had come in three days from ,washington to ,thebes6 it is marvellous4 ,saturday1 #gth4--,went to ,karnak4 ,wilkinson advises the traveller to see this group of temples last2 and wisely1 for it is indeed the crowning glory of all1 and must satisfy1 if it does not surpass1 the most sanguine expectations4 ,the vast unfinished propylaea of the large temple prepare one by their colossal dimensions for the gigantic grandeur of the great central hall1 in which one is at a loss what most to admire--the originality of the general design1 combining1 as it does in a surprising degree1 freedom and variety with the gravest simplicity--the massive and reposeful breadth of the forms or the exquisite subtlety of the colour4 ,the latter has of course gained very much from the blending hand of time1 and is now of a most delightful mellowness1 but1 judging from the better preserved portions1 it must have been at all times of singular beauty4 ,it seems strange at first that a decoration consisting entirely of small blots of vivid colour on a white ground1 like butterflies on a wall1 can have a large architectural effect2 but1 in fact1 the repetition over large surfaces of wall and column restores1 through its monotony1 the balance of breadth4 ,the design of this hall is very curious3 the great central nave1 flanked on each side by two aisles of the same height as itself1 but of less breadth 7diminishing1 roughly1 in a proportion of #aj1 #g1 #e71 runs1 as in a ,gothic cathedral1 perpendicular to the main entrance2 beyond the second aisle1 however1 on either side1 the lintels or architraves which connect the columns run at right angles to the nave2 the effect of this arrangement must have been peculiar and striking4 7,too little remains now1 except the columns1 to enable one to form a distinct idea47 ,the central nave1 with the aisles immediately adjoining1 rises in a clerestory thirty or forty feet above the rest of the building1 and was lighted by massive square windows filled with slabs of stone 7sketch71 perforated vertically1 and of a severe and very fine 7sketch7 effect4 ,these windows fill the space between the entablature of the lateral columns and of the roof of the clerestory1 and must be some twenty to twenty-five feet high4 ,i find it difficult to reconcile my eye to the far-fetched asymetria in the arrangement of the columns1 the lesser ones standing in no definite relationship1 on the plan1 to the two central rows1 neither immediately behind them nor half-way between them4 ,how differently the ,greeks managed these things6 ,the inner row of columns at the east and west ends of the ,parthenon differs also in size1 height1 and level from the outer row1 and also stands back2 but it is only one row at each end2 so that variety and play of form are obtained without a repeated jar on the eye2 and an otherwise uniform rectangular plan is not gratuitously distorted4 ,in a very ancient temple beyond and behind that of the great hall are some curious polygonal columns that have a very ,doric look about them1 though they are very rude and undeveloped4 ,the walls of ,karnak are of course defaced and disfigured by the usual amount of inscriptions2 one commemorative tablet1 however1 like a similar one at ,phylae1 inspires a different feeling4 ,both are memorials of the ,french ,campaign in ,egypt2 the one at ,phylae1 dated an ,,viii4 de la ,republique ,francaise1 alludes with simple dignity to the victorious march of the ,french army to the first cataract1 giving the names of the generals who were fighting sous les ordres de ,bonaparte2 the other1 under the same date1 is a simple scientific memorandum giving the latitude and longitude of the chief towns on the ,nile4 ,it is impossible to read the first of these inscriptions without emotion3 how remote from us1 already1 seems that stern1 invincible ,french ,republic1 tracing its proud name with an undoubting finger here in the grave-dust of an empire that stood more centuries than this young giant completed years6 ,how thickly1 already1 does the dust lie now on the grave of this thing of yesterday6 ,in writing about ,phylae1 ,i forgot to notice the henna tree1 which grows in great quantities round the skirts of the temple1 and has a delicious scent4 ,in this wilderness of granite and most unsavoury haunt of bats1 its perfume wafted unexpectedly on the air is infinitely delightful4 ,sunday1 #hth4--,sketched4 ,monday1 #ith4--,ditto4 ,in the evening went out to shoot1 but could not get near the pelicans and crows--they see you half a mile off4 ,returning1 against stream1 ,hosseyn1 anxious to be useful1 took a punting pole and rowed away with an air of conviction which was worthy of the fly on the coach-wheel in the fable4 ,the heat1 though still considerable 7greater than with us at midsummer71 has diminished within the last few days1 and does not inconvenience me as much as it did in sketching4 ,towards evening1 soft autumnal veils of mist rise from the smooth1 swift river1 and shroud everything in their mysterious folds2 to-night the effect was especially striking2 a pale golden sun hung in a pale golden mist1 tempered so that one could look at it undazzled1 and so shorn of its fires that the eastern bank1 instead of burning orange1 showed only a faint violet flush over its dark-brown ridges4 ,on a dahabieh alongside me an ,arab is singing endless strophes of some poem of love and war1 accompanied by the thud and jingle of a tambourine2 the melody1 a wandering1 nasal strain1 full of turns and runs and triplets1 appears to be entirely improvised1 and is full of character and melancholy4 ,at the end of each strophe ,i hear a prolonged1 deep groan of approval uttered in a chorus by the audience1 rising in pitch after a particularly happy effort of the rhapsodist1 whose song begins again and again in mournful gusts like the song of the wind4 ,it is dark2 ,i only hear--don't see--the singer and his listeners4 ,tuesday1 #ajth4--,sketched4 ,a frequent companion in my work is my friend1 little ,fatma1 a sweet1 small child of about five1 with a bright face and two rows of the whitest teeth ever seen4 ,she squats down snugly by my side1 sometimes looking at the picture1 sometimes at the painter1 most often at the paint-box1 at which she twiddles silently2 sometimes she pensively draws a pattern with a little brown finger on my dusty boots4 ,i remember at ,rhodes1 last year1 a knot of little girls used to watch me sketching in the ,street of the ,knights2 but the little ,turks were not so nice as ,fatma1 the little ,arab2 some used to giggle1 and some used to frown at the ,djiaour2 but one very chatty young lady of about six with the manners and graces of sixteen would exclaim in a little fluty voice1 ,mash ,allah6 ,mash ,allah6 beautiful indeed6 nobody here can write like you6 7,turk41 if my memory helps me3 ,guzel6 guzel6 ,bir khimse burda senci zhibi yazamas67 ,i had a visit on board the other day from ,mustafa ,aga's youngest son1 bonny and rosy as an apple4 ,he wore a flowing robe of linen1 a ramages1 buttoned summarily and once for all at the neck1 but entirely open from the neck downwards2 over this an enormous embroidered jacket with anticipatory sleeves turned up at the wrists1 and on1 or rather about1 his feet1 a pair of his papa's shoes2 he was irresistibly funny and pretty2 an amorino1 dressed up as the ,dog ,toby4 ,he was very chatty2 not so his playfellow1 ,genani1 the son of ,abdallah1 the servant of ,mustafa1 a putto by ,raphael modelled in chocolate2 a wild1 black-eyed1 trembling1 romping1 dusty1 stark-naked little imp 7,i used to call him ,afreet71 and the finest child ,i ever saw4 ,the nearest approach to social intercourse ,i could get out of him was a sudden plunge at a proffered cake2 after which he would dart off with affected dismay1 and frown at me through an ill-suppressed grin from behind the nearest place of safety4 ,wednesday1 #aath4--,got on with my sketches4 ,have begun two or three rough small studies of heads4 ,hate sketching heads rapidly2 it is unavoidably and odiously free and easy1 and nearly all that is worth escapes4 ,but ,i have no time for more1 and1 ,i suppose1 the sketches will be useful4 ,one man1 with a face like a camel1 whom ,i drew in profile1 was annoyed 7though in a general way complimentary7 at seeing only one eye in the picture4 ,this struck me as quaint2 for he was blind of the other2 he had not been defrauded of much4 ,my delight1 in the evening1 is to watch the processions of women and girls coming down to the ,nile to fetch water4 ,the brown figures1 clad in brown1 coming1 in long rows1 along the brown bank in all the glow and glory of sunset1 look very grand2 very grand1 too1 returning up the steep bank1 along the violet sky1 with their long1 flowing folds and the full pitchers now erect on their heads 7when empty they carry them horizontally74 ,they are neither handsome individually nor particularly well made1 but their movements are good1 and the repetition of the same motive many times in succession makes the whole scene impressive and stately4 ,there is no more fruitful source of effect in ,nature or ,art than iteration4 ,the suppleness of the limbs of the children here is extraordinary4 ,i have seen little girls squatting like grasshoppers in the ,nile drinking1 a meme1 the water in which they were standing little more than ankle deep4 ,an hour after nightfall the dahabieh1 my neighbour1 slipped her cables and began to drift down the river2 but not till the rhapsodist had chanted his ditty to the approving murmurs of his little circle as on the preceding night4 ,his singing has a great charm for me2 ,i shall miss it4 ,it reminds me much of ,andalusian singing and moonlight nights in the ,bay of ,cadiz--there is about it a strangeness and a wayward melancholy that attach and charm me4 ,it was a love song 7,i am told1 for ,i could not hear the words1 and should have understood very few if ,i had74 ,ya leyl6 ya leyl6 ya leyl6--the eternal refrain of ,arab songs4 ,oh night6 oh night6 oh night6 you have left a fire in my heart1 oh my beloved6 ,oh my beloved1 do not forget me6 c4 c4 c4 ,a day or two ago ,i heard a youth calling the faithful to noonday prayer1 from the gallery of a minaret1 with one of the finest voices ,i have ever heard2 he was tearing his notes from the inmost depths of his chest with that eagerness of yet unconscious passion that ,i have often noticed in southern children1 and which to me is singularly pathetic2 he retained his last notes as long as his breath allowed it1 and they vibrated in distinct waves like a sonorous metal set in motion3 from a little distance the effect was saisissant4 ,i could not see him1 and the air seemed to throb with sound as well as with heat in the sultry noon4 ,the departure of the dahabieh was celebrated with the usual ,arab waste of powder1 and all the echoes of the valley of the tombs across the river were aroused by the popping of many guns4 ,all the consuls fired officially1 everybody else fired unofficially4 ,hosseyn fired officiously--chuckling and nearly tumbling over2 and the dahabieh itself1 having opened the ball1 fired again at intervals from a long distance as if it had forgotten somebody--they are too funny4 ,thursday1 #abth4--,more sketching4 ,the weather1 which is a little too canicular at noon1 is deliciously fresh and cool for an hour after sunrise2 the ,arabs1 however1 look much aggrieved at the severity of the cold2 they sit huddled in muffled groups with a pinched look that would become a ,british ,december day4 ,i observe that half the men in middle life have no forefinger to their right hand4 ,they all of them mutilated themselves to avoid conscription under ,said ,pasha1 who1 however1 having found them out1 enlisted them all the same4 ,a curious equality prevails here3 whilst sketching two of ,mustafa ,aga's servants this morning1 ,i learnt from his son that they were both his relations4 ,one of them appears to be a particularly nice fellow1 and is a perfect gentleman in his manners4 ,friday1 #acth4--,my last day in ,thebes4 ,when ,i arrived here and found neither friends nor letters1 ,i thought1 caring little for the place apart from the ruins1 that ,i should stay four or five days2 to-morrow when ,i leave ,i shall have been here nine1 and shall go with regret4 ,work has exercised its usual attaching influence4 ,i have drawn in pencil a few heads that will be of use and interest to me4 ,the subject of one of my studies 7,mustafa's gardener7 on receiving from ,hosseyn two shillings for one hour's sitting1 accused him1 to his infinite disgust and anger1 of having suppressed the remaining eighteen shillings out of a putative pound which he conceived to be destined for him4 ,excusez6 ,saturday1 #adth4--,got up early to finish a couple of sketches1 and started at half-past eleven amidst salutes and salaams4 ,to my great relief1 the letters which ,i very rashly sent for from ,cairo three weeks ago have just turned up at the last moment--fewer than ,i had expected1 but a great delight3 the first and only news ,i have received since leaving home--such are ,egyptian posts6 ,weather divine3 the ,nile like an opal mirror1 reflecting without a break the faint1 sleeping1 sultry hills on the horizon3 a lovely1 drowsy scene4 ,arrived shortly after three at the village at which one lands for ,keneh2 a very cheery town about a mile inland4 ,it is generally separated from the landing place on the river during the floods by a vast sheet of water2 this year1 however1 owing to the calamitous lowness of the ,nile1 a narrow1 shallow strip of water1 only1 intercepts the road1 and a large tract of country remains untilled and unfruitful from the want of the quickening flood4 ,keneh is a very pretty sample of an ,egyptian town2 it is animated and full of colour1 has some pretty minarets1 some charming gardens1 and more than the usual allowance of ornamental doorways3 the effect of the mosaic of black and white bricks is most satisfactory1 and has the charm which always accompanies a considerable result produced by very sober and simple means4 ,great relief is frequently obtained by a band or frieze of carved wood1 running across the decorated surface at the springing of the arch2 this band is generally carved in circles enclosing patterns and picked out with green and red4 ,in the jambs of the door of one of the mosques1 a very beautiful effect was produced by alternate bands of brickwork and minutely carved wood1 not coloured 7three courses of brick to one band of wood74 ,visited a pottery1 and for the first time in my life saw a pattern-wheel and the artist at work--a most fascinating sight3 the bottles and jugs flow into the most graceful forms as if by magic1 and look incomparably prettier than when they are baked4 ,i could hardly get away4 ,a little boy scratches a pattern on them as they leave the wheel4 ,the ,consul's white donkey1 on which ,i ride about here1 is as fleet as the wind and as oily in his movements as a two-oared gondola4 ,a propos of consuls1 ,mustafa at ,thebes showed me his travellers' book--in it ,i saw an entry of the names of ,speke and ,grant1 with the numbers of their regiments1 and the dates of their departure from ,zanzibar and their arrival at ,khartoum and ,thebes4 ,a simple conventional travellers' entry1 as if they had returned from an ordinary journey--nothing to hint at the great achievement which brought them such honour and lasting fame4 ,sunday1 #aeth4--,made a sketch1 a little after sunrise1 of the chain of hills on the west bank of the ,nile1 then crossed the river to see the ruins of ,denderah4 ,horses were waiting on the other side1 and would have been most enjoyable if the weather had been cool2 but1 under a fierce sun1 absolutely incessant prancing and waltzing 7he make 'fantasia1' quoth ,hosseyn7 was fatiguing after a bit4 ,was so much struck with the beauties of the mountains1 as seen from the left bank1 that ,i resolved to stay a couple of days to paint them4 ,the temple is extremely fine1 and in parts unusually well preserved--the sculpture1 that is1 for the colour is almost entirely lost4 ,these sculptures1 being of a late period 7,roman71 are clumsy enough2 on the other hand the general scheme of decoration is more artistic1 more varied in distribution and rhythm than in most of the temples4 ,on the external wall ,i remarked here1 as at ,edfou and at ,medinet ,haboo1 massive and very handsome gargoyles--half a lion1 couchant1 on a large bracket1 the water flowing from a spout between the paws--a more important feature in the architectural aspect of the wall than in northern countries1 and calculated for five months' rain rather than for five minutes'1 which is the average annual fall here1 ,i believe4 ,this temple boasts a portrait of ,cleopatra on a large scale1 but1 like those of ,armout and ,karnak1 it is absolutely conventional1 and any pretence of detecting an individuality is mere humbug4 ,one fancies at first one has discovered some peculiarity in the features1 but on a candid examination one must own that the same peculiarities occur in other faces on the same wall1 or that they are owing to the mutilation to which two-thirds of the figures in all ,egyptian temples has been assiduously subjected4 ,in a lateral chamber of the temple1 on the ceiling1 is a most striking mystical design1 representing the firmament and the sun fecundating the land of ,egypt4 ,it is fantastic and poetic in the extreme2 it would delight ,rossetti4 ,in the evening made another sketch1 and then rode to ,keneh to dine with the ,consul--a most interesting glimpse into a real old-fashioned ,muslim interior4 ,si ,syed ,achmet 7forty-five years ,british ,agent in this town and at ,khossayr7 is a very wealthy old gentleman with large property in this part of the world4 ,he is of the blood of the ,prophet1 a good and pious ,muslim1 tolerant and full of kindliness4 ,a son1 three nephews and a daughter form his immediate family circle1 living with him in the house to which ,i was bidden--a bald1 uninteresting place enough4 ,it is entered from a narrow1 irregular triangular court1 ornamented on one side with some good brick and wood work1 but ugly and plain on the others1 and disfigured by something between a ladder and a staircase which leads to the clean but singularly naked room in which we were to spend the evening4 ,this room was whitewashed1 but so roughly bedaubed that the plain deal cupboards1 the doors of which formed the only embellishment 787 of the walls1 were all besmeared with ragged edges of white4 ,three windows1 innocent of glass1 and protected by a close1 plain trellis-work of ordinary white wood1 lighted the room1 which boasted in the way of furniture the usual ugly divans1 three red muslin curtains1 a small deal table1 two lanterns and two candles in candlesticks4 ,shortly after my arrival and most kindly reception by the old gentleman1 who had come up from the country expressly ad hoc1 dinner was served4 ,the son1 as the eldest1 sat at table2 the nephews waited on us2 we squatted1 ,i on a cushion1 they on the floor1 round a very low table on which was a large1 round1 brass tray1 containing four plates1 some wooden spoons1 and a great many small loaves of bread arranged round it in a circle2 a soup tureen1 into which1 after washing of hands1 everybody plunged his spoon1 was the central feature4 ,after the soup1 came in rapid succession several dishes containing savoury messes which were really very good1 though perhaps too rich1 but which ,i was entirely unable to enjoy in the sight of a number of hands1 shining with gravy1 mopping in succession at the dishes with crusts of bread1 or fetching out a coveted morsel with fingers too recently licked4 ,it is a delicate and hospitable attention to put a bit with your own hand on to your guest's plate--an attention of which ,i was the frequent but unworthy recipient4 ,after the made dishes had been done justice to1 half a sheep--head and all--was put on the table and clawed asunder by ,hosseyn4 ,the roast being disposed of1 the sweets appeared1 and were eaten out of the common dish with spoons1 like the soup3 ,i was not sorry when it was over1 for ,i had gone through all the sensations of a sea voyage4 ,i observe that ,arabs make a point of eating with as much noise and smacking of lips as possible2 it is as if they were endeavouring to convey a sort of oblique expression of thanks to ,providence by manifesting their relish of the blessings vouchsafed4 ,when dinner was over1 and a by no means superfluous washing of hands had been gone through1 we had pipes and coffee4 ,hosseyn having gone to dine1 ,i was now thrown on my own extremely limited stock of ,arabic for conversation2 and as ,i had about exhausted that during my ride to ,keneh with one of the nephews1 ,i was hard put to it4 ,however1 ,i just managed to get through a few broken sentences1 to the great satisfaction of ,achmet1 who informed me that he had been for forty years the servant of the ,english1 of whom he thought very highly1 chiefly because1 as he expressed it1 they have one word--a satisfactory character to leave behind4 ,in the evening the governor 7,mudir7 came to see me with a tail of employes and1 if you please1 a pocket-handkerchief1 of which he was not a little conscious1 holding it in his hand rolled into a neat tube1 which he occasionally drew with dignity across the basis of the official nose4 ,the ,consul for ,france and ,prussia also came and made his salaam4 ,my borrowed and temporary plumes have been of real use to somebody here1 for the ,mudir1 hearing that an ,englishman 7whom he erroneously supposed to be somebody7 was on board a viceroy's steamer1 immediately gave the crew two months' pay--an alacrity not sufficiently often displayed in this country1 if ,i am not much misinformed4 ,the dancing-girls who came to entertain us in the evening were no doubt better than those of ,lougsor1 though1 with one exception1 at least as ugly2 but some of them were gorgeously attired 7from the dancing-dog point of view71 and all were a mass of gold necklaces and coins and glittering headgear1 which produced at a certain distance and in the doubtful light a prodigiously fine effect of colour4 ,the dancing was a little more varied than that of the ,lougsor women1 chiefly1 no doubt1 because they got more to drink2 but1 en somme1 ,i am confirmed in my first impression that it is an eminently ugly performance1 though a very remarkable gymnastic feat4 ,of course a graceful and good-looking girl may do a good deal to redeem it by personal charm1 and this was in some degree the case with ,zehneb1 who is a noted dancer and the fine fleur of the profession4 ,she is pretty though coarse in feature1 and not without grace2 but has a semi-,european smack about her dress and ways that spoils her in my eyes--hers1 by-the-bye1 are splendid4 ,just as the fantasia was at its height1 a ragged1 dust-soiled1 old beggar came1 chattering and grinning1 into the room1 and at once installed himself1 uninvited but unhindered1 on the divan1 from which comfortable post he proceeded to witness the performance and apparently thoroughly to enjoy his evening4 ,the contrast between his beggar's garb and the scrupulously cleanly attire of his neighbours was very curious4 ,he is a fakeer1 as ,i am told2 everybody feeds him1 no doors are closed to him2 he is not1 ,i believe1 exactly an idiot1 but is certainly in his second childhood--rimbambito1 as the ,italians say4 ,on one side of him squatted a sweet little brown girl1 ,achmet's daughter1 of about five or six1 in a pink cotton shift and with anklets hanging about her little naked feet4 ,on the other side1 a little further off1 was an umber-coloured dancing-girl1 with bright bold eyes painted round with black1 covered with a mass of gold coins on her head1 in her hair1 on her ears1 and round her neck1 and wearing a blue silk dress all bespangled with gold4 ,he looked like a dust-heap between them4 ,it was a queer picture1 taken out of the ,thousand and ,one ,nights2 from which work also1 ,i presume1 the numerous one-eyed people that ,i see everywhere in ,egypt1 are copied4 7,i prefer this view to that of unimaginative pedants who1 attaching undue importance to facts1 inform me that this blindness is self-inflicted1 to avoid conscription47 ,my ride home was a fitting close to such an evening2 a fantastic procession we made1 headed by a handful of torch and lantern bearers1 brandishing enormous staves2 after which ,meine ,wenigkeit on a sumptuously caparisoned steed1 the consul's nephew1 the captain1 ,hosseyn1 a cawass1 all of them on horses1 others on donkeys1 and odd men bustling about amongst us and dispersing the few stragglers that were to be found at that late hour in the streets4 ,the fitful flare of the torches1 dressing in fugitive1 fantastic lights the gateways and dim walls of the slumbering town1 had a very fine effect4 ,more curious still was our ride through a quarter of a mile of dourah that stood at least ten or twelve feet high all round us2 the train of light and shower of sparks in the tall graceful corn was of a surprising aspect4 ,except that nothing took fire1 it was as if ,samson's foxes had been let loose in front of us4 ,monday1 #afth4--,sketched4 ,in the evening1 yielding1 ,i own1 with some reluctance1 to a pressing invitation1 returned to ,keneh to dine with ,si ,achmet4 ,had1 except the roast1 exactly the same dinner as on the previous day1 which leads me to conjecture that the repertoire of ,arab cookery is limited4 ,after dinner we rode out to see the moolid1 which is just beginning here4 ,it is the great moolid of ,central ,egypt1 and to it1 but only towards the end1 flock people from all parts of the country till the concourse is enormous4 ,it must be an interesting sight when in full swing1 but as yet there is little or nothing worth seeing except the tomb of the sheykh in whose honour the moolid is held 7,sheykh ,abd-er-,rahim1 the ,genani7 to which ,i was taken by my host4 ,the building was like most others of the same class in ,egypt3 a square chamber with a dome1 and windows through which the coffin1 placed conspicuously in the centre1 can be seen by the pious crowds outside4 ,on entering1 ,i was conducted1 after taking off my boots1 to a post of honour1 on the ground of course1 in the midst of a grave circle of worthies who were squatting in the ruelle between one side of the coffin and the wall4 ,on my right was one of the civic functionaries1 on my left the priest attached to the tomb4 ,the spectacle before me was wonderful both in colour and form1 though composed in great part of the simplest elements4 ,it was like the finest ,delacroix in aspect and tone1 but with a gravity and stateliness of form very foreign to that brilliant but epileptic genius4 ,to the left of me1 covered with a showy embroidered cloth1 stood behind a railing the sarcophagus of the saint1 illuminated from above by various lanterns hung from the ceiling 7the central one1 and the handsomest1 the gift of ,lady ,duff ,gordon7 and from the corners by gigantic candles1 standing in candlesticks of proportionate dimensions2 at the same corners stood great banners of sober but rich tone1 which added much to the general colour4 ,on each side of the carpet at the head of which ,i squatted1 squatted1 in far more picturesque attire1 some of the notables of ,keneh1 half hidden in the shadow1 their large turbans cast on the rich carpet they sat on4 ,at the further end stood and stared1 with the solemnity of a chorus in an opera1 a motley1 dazzling group of lesser folk2 magnificent1 too1 in the flow of their draperies1 the grace of the half untwisted turbans wreathed round their necks or hanging from their shoulders1 the stateliness of their forms1 and the fiery glow of colour in which they burnt under the clustered lanterns4 ,unfortunately1 ,i could not gaze with attention as undivided as ,i could have wished1 because the gentleman on my right insisted on making conversation1 the very meagrest form of which exercise absorbed for the time my powers of attention4 ,hosseyn1 who is very pious1 bled me of an enormous baksheesh for the shrine of the saint4 ,tuesday1 #agth4--,completed my sketches in the morning4 ,in the evening1 ,si ,achmet1 his son1 and three nephews1 one of whom ,i neither knew nor had invited 7this is entirely ,arabic--,i might1 also1 have taken any one with me to dine with them7 came to dine on board4 ,it was a very droll ceremony--the ,arabs had1 with one exception1 probably never sat at a table on a chair before1 but they were so entirely simple as not to be 7also1 by-the-bye1 with one exception7 at all ridiculous4 ,ottilio had1 perhaps with a little malice1 arranged the napkins in a most artistic and intricate fashion2 these edifices so impressed my friends that they did not sit down opposite to their plates but on one side of them4 ,i set them at once comparatively at their ease by requesting them1 through ,hosseyn1 to consider themselves at home and eat with their fingers1 forgiving me if ,i followed the custom of my country2 the proposal was received with great satisfaction by the old gentleman and his son1 who fell to in their own way1 the father muttering his appreciation of the dishes in low1 sonorous ejaculations3 ,allah6--,mash ,allah6--,ou ,allah6--,ameer6 ,ameer6 c4 c4 c4 ,the son1 a man of about forty1 with a broken nose and a very strong squint1 and whose movements carried a general impression of contemplative dreaminess1 always verging on surprise1 ate with his usual deliberation and spent his odd moments in contemplating a shining bunch of fingers1 which he periodically and slowly licked with the utmost impartiality2 he did not mix in the conversation4 ,of the three cousins on my left1 two made a very fair attempt at using the knife and fork1 though it must have been a virgin effort2 the third1 who had been a great deal with ,english people when he was consul at ,khossayr1 ate his dinner and put down his wine like the best ,european2 ,i suspect1 in fact1 that he was brought as a show man4 ,achmet1 in a climax of gratification1 exclaimed towards the end of dinner1 ,by ,allah6 if the ,ameer comes to my house another year1 he shall be served after the ,frankish custom4 ,arabs appear to be much devoted to limonade gazeuse--without being the forbidden fruit of wine itself1 it dwells in bottles1 and has a sort of air of crime about it which no doubt pleases them2 my left-hand neighbour took off at least two bottles during dinner4 ,hosseyn1 whose father was a great friend of ,si ,achmet1 proved invaluable2 he hopped about like a delighted child1 filling the glasses1 cutting the meat of the two digitarians1 and generally making conversation--a great relief to me4 ,in the evening one of the nephews asked for some tea to take home1 which ,i gave him2 another pocketed all the tobacco that was brought them to make cigarettes4 ,arabs are hospitable and generous1 and ,i like them much1 but they are indiscreet in the extreme4 ,arabs1 says ,hosseyn1 have no face2 they never take shame4 ,i have seen instances of this which ,i won't put down2 one only1 for it is very droll3 my squinting friend with the pensive look asked ,lady ,ely last year if she would just procure for him from the ,queen a title1 or an order1 as a mark of her regard4 ,i am the bearer of a letter to her from him now1 which ,i have no doubt is a reminder4 ,slew a sheep again4 ,wednesday1 #ahth4--,left ,keneh early1 and with regret2 the place1 the people and the scenery have left many pleasing pictures in my memory4 ,i little expected at starting the annoyance that awaited me6 ,as we approached the spot where ,sheykh ,selim receives his devout visitors1 ,i sent word to the captain that ,i did not wish to lose any time in landing1 but that the bag of money which had been collected for the saint was to be delivered1 and we were to go on4 ,i had scarcely uttered this almost sacrilegious order1 when the steamer1 which had been judiciously steered within ten yards of a flat1 shelving bank1 ran hard and fast into the mud1 with the apparent intention of sticking there permanently1 the engine being utterly powerless to get her out4 ,nobody on board doubted for an instant but that ,sheykh ,selim had stopped us in his resentment2 the captain instantly dispatched sailors with money to propitiate him1 and after a few futile attempts on the part of five or six of the crew 7to loud cries of ,help us1 ,o ,prophet6 help us1 ,o ,sheykh ,selim67 to heave out a vessel that was four or five feet in the mud1 jumped himself into a boat1 and hurried1 of course accompanied by ,hosseyn1 and leaving his vessel to take care of herself1 to beseech the sheykh to get us off4 ,their conversation was afterwards reported to me by one who was present4 ,what is this1 ,o ,sheykh1 that thou hast done to us8 in what have we been wanting towards thee8 did ,i not give thee a shirt when we last came by8 and the tobacco1 was it not good8 was the roast meat not sufficient8 why are we thus punished8--to whom the sheykh3 ,don't be a fool6 why do you come to me about your boat8 am ,i a sailor8 how do you expect me to get her off--or on8 ,allah got her on the sand1 not ,i1 who am a man like yourselves4 ,the captain3 ,allah is indeed great1 but if he ran us aground it was on thy instigation--thou knowest it1 ,o ,sheykh6 c4 c4 ,in this strain the conversation lasted at least twenty minutes1 during which time and for the rest of the day ,i was literally sick with disgust and anger at the lot of them4 ,everything that ought not to be done under the circumstances1 including losing the anchor 7which is still at the bottom of the river71 was done before evening2 everything that should have been done was left undone4 ,next morning 7,thursday1 #aith7 we obtained 7by force1 after the fashion of this country7 through the governor of the neighbouring town a gang of two hundred ,arabs1 magnificent fellows some of them1 who1 at last1 by heaving and tugging1 contrived to get her off--not without the most unearthly charivari ,i ever heard4 ,in the morning ,i made a sketch2 reached ,bellianeh in the evening1 appeased1 at last1 and rather amused at the abject condition of the captain1 to whom ,i had conveyed my mind 7he had never seen me angry before71 and who swore that in future one hundred sheykhs should not take him out of his course4 ,my misadventure will benefit my successors in the good ship ,sheberkheyt--a quelque chose malheur est bon4 ,friday1 #bjth4--,started at seven on horseback to see ,abydos1 and had a delightful morning4 ,the weather was fresh and clear1 and the canter of six or seven miles across a fine open plain to the foot of the mountains where the ruins lie was most enjoyable4 ,the temples1 very strikingly situated on a slope which sweeps down from a grand amphitheatre of bastion-like rocks1 have a great advantage over all those that ,i have yet seen1 viz4 that their sculptures have almost entirely escaped mutilation1 and are in admirable preservation4 ,this is the more fortunate1 that they are of a very fine period1 and most delicate in workmanship2 the type of the faces has considerable beauty and refinement4 ,the colours1 notably in the more recently excavated temple of ,osiris1 are often extremely well preserved1 and ,i am confirmed in my conjecture1 that they must have been much less beautiful in their freshness than now that time has toned and tuned them4 ,in the larger temple are some very beautiful wagon-head vaults cut in the thickness of two layers of stone1 the upper ones laid on end to get more thickness of material4 ,they are charmingly decorated with cartouches and stars on a blue ground1 and divided by a band of hieroglyphs running like a ridge-rib along the head of the vault4 ,the stars on ,egyptian ceilings are always pentagonal1 and placed very near together4 ,at the temple ,i was joined by the obligato governor1 a puffy ,turk with a tight1 shiny face that had a look of having been stung all over by a wasp2 he was heavy and stupid1 and ,i left him in the hands of ,hosseyn1 galloping ahead myself with the mounted cawass1 a very picturesque ,arnout on a very good horse4 ,n4,b4--,never come to the ,east again without an ,english saddle2 the back-board of a ,turkish saddle is in the long run an intolerable nuisance1 as are also1 though in a less degree1 the shovel-stirrups in which one's feet are imprisoned4 ,in the afternoon reached ,sohag1 a sail1 or rather a steam1 of three or four hours1 in time for a most pleasant evening's walk4 ,saturday1 #bast4--,got to ,syoot in the afternoon1 and was very glad to catch ,lady ,duff ,gordon on her way up the river4 ,was received with great hospitality by the ,american and ,spanish consuls1 wealthy ,copts of this town who kindly put their carriages at my disposal and1 better still1 their donkeys--splendid ,arabian donkeys1 looking1 in their trappings1 like cardinals' mules4 ,nothing is more pleasant than the swift amble of a good donkey from the ,hejaz4 ,dined in the evening with ,mr4 ,wonista1 the consul for ,spain1 quite a la ,franca with knives and forks and the whole thing4 ,a curious house1 and the rooms small but of enormous height1 so that they looked as if they had been set on end by mistake4 ,the walls were bare whitewash1 but the furniture was of the most gorgeous brocade1 as were also the curtains2 there was a ,european carpet all over the floor and as many candles on the walls 7in glass bells7 as in a cafe chantant4 ,i met there a ,scotch clergyman belonging to the ,american ,mission 7,episcopalian7 which is very active in ,egypt4 ,after dinner the singer from ,lady ,duff ,gordon's boat was sent for1 and in a short time arrived with some of the crew who acted as chorus2 it is this chorus1 ,i find1 that gives the approving murmur after each strophe4 ,he sang well1 but his performance of course lost three-fourths of its charm by not being heard in its proper place and surroundings4 ,i remember once in the ,sabine hills hearing unexpectedly at a distance1 in the silent dimness of night1 the droning song of a piffera2 nothing could be more strangely pathetic than this voice rising in the utter silence from out of the heart of the valley below--yet those same sounds heard close in the broad daylight would have seemed uncouth and strident4 ,arab singing has a similar quality1 and is equally dependent on time and place for its full effect4 ,whilst the performance was at its height1 and the minstrel was tuning his note to the most ambitious fioriture1 ,i heard in the room overhead some ,european part-singing of a melancholy order1 and was informed that the ,scotch minister had been invited by a few proselytes to retire upstairs to worship and explain an obscure passage in the ,gospel4 ,on the invitation of the master of the house1 ,i went up and joined the congregation1 who thought it right to favour me with another psalm4 ,the clergyman then read in ,arabic1 and expounded in the same language a chapter from the ,bible1 and ,i must say did it 7,i speak of his manner only1 for ,koran and ,bible ,arabic is so different from the current idiom1 here at all events1 that ,i did not understand four words in the whole sermon7 in a very simple and impressive way4 ,he had1 too1 an admirable accent4 ,he tells me that in spite of vehement opposition from the ,coptic prelates he finds a good deal of sympathy amongst the people4 ,sunday1 #bbnd4--,lovely day4 ,strolled about with a gun4 ,this place is full of sparrows of paradise1 a little bird of an exquisite golden green4 ,since ,i was here last1 the aspect of the country has changed very much and for the better4 ,where ,i saw1 a few weeks back1 nothing but pools and mud1 is now a vast expanse of clover and grass of an intense green1 sunny and brilliant to a wonderful degree4 ,the plain looks like one immense jewel1 and contrasts deliciously with the tawny sand-rock which walls it in on the west1 behind the gleaming white domes of the cemetery4 ,dined with the other consul in the evening4 ,same sort of house1 but much larger4 ,no ,scotch clergyman this time1 but an ,anglo-,arab who teaches in the ,coptic school1 and1 embracing ,coptic views1 inveighs bitterly against the converts to ,protestantism4 ,at sunset1 to my agreeable surprise1 the ,sterlings turned up1 musique en tete1 the singer in the bows quavering a jubilant strain1 and the vessel magnificent with fresh paint4 ,monday1 #bcrd4--,killed a sheep4 ,sketched4 ,had the consuls and the ,scotch missionary to dine with me4 ,the latter brought me some newspapers1 which ,i read greedily4 ,tuesday1 #bdth4--,sketched4 ,at last an evening to myself6--these festive gatherings are an ineffable bore1 if the truth were told4 ,wednesday1 #beth4--,completed my sketches with one exception--a study of my beautiful grey 7hechtgrau7 donkey4 ,unless ,i make a study at ,sakkara1 which is just possible1 this will be the end of my work on the ,nile4 ,in twenty-two skies which ,i have painted there is not a vestige of a cloud1 such has been the divinely serene weather ,i have had all along4 ,this evening1 indeed1 faint1 shining flakes of vapour were drawn across the sky1 breaking and tempering the last rays of the sun2 but by a curious piece of luck they did not appear till ,i was just giving the last touches to my day's work4 ,saw a beautiful and original effect at sunset4 ,just as the sun was about to sink behind the hills1 a dahabieh drifted past with its sails spread1 and reaching up into the region where the light was still golden1 whilst the face of the water was darkened1 and the long1 low banks were already shadowy and grey1 the burning sail was reflected in the night of the river1 and looked astonishingly beautiful4 ,it was like the mellow splendour of the rising moon4 ,i delight in seeing the sailors climbing the tall1 oblique yards of the ,nile boats4 ,sometimes five or six of them perch on one yard at the same time1 looking at a distance like great birds4 ,thursday1 #bfth4--,finished my donkey and started2 as ,i get further north1 the weather is much cooler--the mornings and evenings are quite fresh1 though not so cold but that ,i can sketch in the shade an hour after sunrise in summer clothes4 ,the natives1 however1 seem to take a severe view of the temperature1 and leave nothing unmuffled but their mouths1 with which they occasionally blow their fingers in the most approved winter fashion4 ,was more struck than before with ,gebel ,aboofada--the infinite and strongly marked strata of which it is made up writhe and heave in a very grand and fantastic manner4 ,some of the ,egyptian mountains are ruled like a copy book from head to foot1 and are very monotonous4 ,at the foot of ,aboofada1 ,i saw1 for an instant1 my first and last crocodile2 a small one4 ,they are very seldom seen from a steamer below the cataracts1 as the noise frightens away the few there are4 ,i had looked forward to getting a shot at one1 and was a good deal disappointed at finding none up the river4 ,it is curious how rapidly time lends its perspective to the past4 ,every now and then a boat from the cataracts laden with dates comes floating down the river1 and the melancholy chant of the ,nubian sailors1 as they strain at the oars1 already falls on my ear as a sudden memory of an almost distant past--not a month old4 ,arrived at ,roda this evening4 ,i have been reading1 amongst other things1 a book everybody else read thirty years ago1 ,les ,natchez1 and am greatly disappointed with it4 ,i am especially struck with the extraordinary contrast between the masterful sobriety and simplicity of the style1 and the far-fetched affectation of the ideas which are1 more often than not1 distorted1 tawdry and inflated1 sometimes disgusting and not seldom maudlin in the extreme4 ,this singular discrepancy between form and matter is especially ,french1 and may frequently be traced in the works of their painters and sculptors4 ,no living people has so sensitive a perception of form or so artistic an epiderm1 but an ineradicable self-consciousness develops in them a theatrical attitude of mind which too often betrays itself in their artistic and literary conceptions4 ,it is the absolute consent between conception and execution which constitutes one of the chief sources of delight in the art of the ,greeks1 to whom they are fond1 too rashly1 of comparing themselves4#da ,i notice in the ,natchez a peculiar use of comparisons4 ,that mode of adding light and colour to an idea which consists in suggesting analogies1 has always been the delight of poets2 but ,chateaubriand 7whose analogies1 by the way1 are often singularly far fetched and unfortunate7 occasionally1 in a morbid endeavour to be original1 seeks his effects in a suggestion of dissimilarities2 ,i remember an instance3 he has been describing with minute and gratuitously sickening detail a mangled heap of dead and dying warriors after a ferocious encounter4 ,how different1 he exclaims1 but in more flowery terms1 is a haycock in a field with girls rolling down it6 ,few will be disposed to contradict him4 ,his exorbitant personal vanity which continues to peep through everywhere1 and makes even his unbounded praise of his country seem an oblique tribute to himself1 is droll and nauseating at the same time4 ,took a stroll in the evening1 and met an ,english baby6 pink and delicate like a flower2 with cape and cockade complete--a pretty sight4 ,thick folds of rose and violet-coloured cloud hung along the horizon at sunset1 and looked autumnal4 ,i have left eternal summer behind me4 ,friday1 #bgth4--,such a morning as the evening of yesterday foreboded2 rather chilly and misty1 and as near an approach to winter as ,upper ,egypt may be expected to afford4 ,the sky was veiled on all sides with soft grey clouds1 wrinkled and fretted like the grey sands when the sea has left them4 ,it was a fitting background to the desolate tombs of ,beni ,hassan1 which ,i visited an hour or two after sunrise4 ,the range of hills on the face of which these tombs are excavated is not unlike ,gebel ,aboofada in its configuration1 except that the strata with which it is scored are more level and regular4 ,this monotony is1 however1 relieved by the sky-line1 which is extremely fine4 ,along the foot of these hills runs a level strip of barren land1 broken abruptly in its whole length by a steep bank which rises like a ruined wall from the plain below1 and which is1 when the ,nile is exceptionally high1 the bank of the river itself4 ,standing1 as it now does1 nearly a mile inland1 and crested with two deserted villages1 it has a grand but uncanny aspect4 ,i had long been eager to see the tombs1 which show what is considered by many to be the first rudiment of the ,doric order4 ,the similarity1 more striking even than ,i expected1 is so great that1 taken with our knowledge of the early and frequent intercourse of the ,greeks with ,egypt and of the assimilating power of their genius1 it certainly offers a strong prima facie presumption in favour of this view4 ,it may be objected that the echinus1 the conical form of the shaft and its entasis1 all three inseparable features and especial beauties of the ,greek order1 are wanting here1 though they are present in the earliest specimen of the style preserved in ,greece1 the temple of ,corinth4 ,this argument would deserve more consideration if it could be conceived that the order as seen at ,corinth was a spontaneous conception1 and not a development of some more elementary form which1 whether native or imported at a remote period1 has not been handed down to us4 ,in point of fact1 the chamfering of a simple stone pier into an octagon and then further to a polygon of sixteen1 or more1 sides 7specimens of the two forms are seen side by side in two of the tombs of ,beni ,hassan7 is so elementary an effort of architecture and one so obvious1 that its independent and spontaneous adoption by two different nations would be matter for no surprise4 ,on the other hand1 it is to be remarked that these tombs and the early temple at ,karnak already mentioned are the only instances of this style known in ,africa--that not only are they isolated in themselves1 but they form a step to no further developments--a link in no chain2 that in character and conception they have nothing in common with any of the great monuments of ,egypt1 to which indeed they are antagonistic in feeling2 that they stand side by side with other monuments of the same date 7about #bjjj ,b4,c487 of a developed and absolutely different type--a type certainly indigenous and based on the imitation of natural forms which is especially characteristic of ,egyptian architecture2 and lastly1 that the tombs of ,beni ,hassan show certain dissonances1 such as one might expect to find in the case of an unintelligent and unperceptive manipulation of a foreign style4 ,in the face of these considerations1 ,i find it difficult to resist a suspicion that the view generally received exactly reverses the truth of the case1 and that these tombs are not indeed the prototypes of the ,doric temple1 but rather the results1 themselves1 of contact at some remote period between the ,egyptians and that branch of the great ,aryan family which1 at long intervals1 and in successive waves1 covered the shores of the ,egean ,sea1 and one of the latest offshoots of which poured down into ,greece from the heights of ,thessaly under the name of ,dorians4 ,i believe the earliest ,egyptian record of the pressure of ,greeks in this country goes no further back than #aejj ,b4,c42 but a peaceful intercourse between the two races may have existed over a long period1 without necessarily finding a place in public records4 ,the 7quasi7 ,doric tombs are divided into a nave and aisles by two rows of piers1 carrying an architrave and disposed at right angles to the portico1 agreeably carrying out the likeness of a ,greek temple4 ,the circles which intersect the extremity of the other group of tombs are parallel to the portico1 and have a deplorable effect1 much heightened by the shape of the ceiling1 which is that of a very flat pediment4 ,the architrave follows the line of the roof1 but at a still more open angle4 ,it would be difficult to conceive anything more hideous4 ,nearly all the tombs are decorated with frescoes of a rude kind1 but displaying frequently an amount of freedom unusual in ,egyptian art4 ,our guide was a splendid fellow1 looking1 in his flowing robes1 like a figure from the ,school of ,athens on the ,disputa4 ,the longer ,i live1 the more ,i am struck by the identity of ,raphael's frescoes with the noblest aspects of ,nature4 ,to ,benisoef in the evening4 ,passed some travellers2 nothing looks so gay and pretty as a dahabieh with its colours flying and its sails spread4 ,saturday1 #bhth4--,lovely morning once again4 ,reached ,sakkara early1 but found that the road to the ,pyramids was obstructed by water1 so moved on at once to ,ghizeh1 opposite to ,old ,cairo1 where ,i shall remain till to-morrow morning2 meanwhile ,i have sent on ,hosseyn to secure a room at the inn1 and to fetch the means of leaving a pleasant memory of me on board the ,sheberkheyt4 ,i have stripped the walls of my cabin of the paintings ,i had hung round them1 and they look desolate and like the coffin of my now past journey4 ,a most enjoyable journey it has been1 full of pleasant things to remember2 full1 too1 ,i hope1 of artistic profit and teaching4 ,i have been indeed fortunate1 for1 as ,i now see more clearly than ever1 in a dahabieh ,i could not have achieved a third of the journey1 and in a passenger steamer ,i could not have done a stroke of work4 ,every study ,i take home ,i owe entirely to the viceroy's munificent kindness4 ,sunday1 #bith4--,left for ,boulay1 my destination--gave a parting sheep to the crew1 distributed largesse1 shook hands all round1 and drove off to the hotel4 ,,footnotes3 #da ,see ,chap4 ,,iv4 p4 #bci4 ,,chapter ,,iv ,,royal ,,academician--,,music--,,arab ,,hall #ahfi-ahgh ,in #ahfi1 the year after his journeyings in ,egypt1 ,leighton was elected a ,royal ,academician4 ,the picture which he chose as his ,diploma work to be deposited in the ,academy on his election was the ,s4 ,jerome1 one of those few works which reflected the side of his nature about which he was profoundly reserved4 ,another work of which the same might be said is ,elijah in the ,wilderness1 painted in #ahgi4 ,leighton told a friend he had put more of himself into that picture than into any other he had ever invented4 ,three paintings which are among ,leighton's very best appeared on the walls of the ,academy in #ahfi--;,daedalus and ,icarus1 ,electra at the ,tomb of ,agamemnon1 and ,helios and ,rhodos4 ,in no work did ,leighton indulge his passion for colour so successfully as in the last-named picture4 ,he wrote to his master1 ,steinle1 in #ahfj3 ,you will perhaps be surprised1 but1 in spite of my fanatic preference for colour1 ,i promised myself to be a draughtsman before ,i became a colourist4 ,again1 in a letter to a friend in #ahgi he wrote3 ,colour was supposed to be my forte 7par parenthese1 though ,i am not a colourist1 albeit passionately fond of colour1 ,i have always been1 and am1 a great cuisinier2 ,i have tried quite innumerable methods and vehicles74 ,some of ,leighton's appreciators cannot help feeling jealous of this obstinate determination to struggle with those gifts for which nature had not given him the preference1 many considering his artistic error to have been that of putting the screw too tightly on his preconceived determinations4 ,had he sometimes1 at all events1 allowed his fanatic preference to have free play1 more of his works might have glowed with the revelry in rich colour we find on the canvas of ,helios and ,rhodos4 ,illustration3 ,,st4 ,,jerome4 #ahfi4 ,,diploma ,,work ,deposited in the ,academy on ,lord ,leighton's election as an ,academician ,illustration3 ,,electra ,,at ,,the ,,tomb ,,of ,,agamemnon ,no complete work evinces more conclusively the force of ,leighton's dramatic gift than ,electra2 and--further--masterly and beautiful as are all ,leighton's arrangements of drapery1 those in this design strike me as specially expressive4 ,they are truly superb4 ,the balance of the masses1 and the sweeping lines from the feet up to the shoulder and over the chest1 are grandly conceived--the arrangement of the folds notably adding to the suggestion of tragic feeling in the attitude of the figure4 ,icarus1 in the picture of the inventive father and the aspiring son1 is a beautiful figure of a youth4 ,the conception1 design1 and colouring of the picture are worthy of ,leighton at his best4 ,though ,egypt had made a deep impression on ,leighton's aesthetic emotions1 as is obvious from his ,diary1 his visit there apparently did not actually suggest any pictures except ,a ,nile ,woman--the only work exhibited at the ,academy in #ahgj--;and ,egyptian ,slinger ,scaring ,birds in ,harvest-time3 ,moonrise1 exhibited in #ahge4 ,a subject suggested by an event1 which had occurred some years previously1 appears to have been engrossing his mind1 before he found expression for it1 in the painting ,heracles ,wrestling with ,death for the ,body of ,alcestis1 exhibited #ahga4 ,many persons admired this work more than any that had previously appeared4#db ,it evoked the lines from ,browning3-- ,i know1 too1 a great ,kaunian painter1 strong ,as ,hercules1 though rosy with a robe ,of ,grace that softens down the sinewy strength3 ,and he has made a picture of it all4 ,there lies ,alcestis dead1 beneath the sun ,she longed to look her last upon1 beside ,the sea1 which somehow tempts the life in us ,to come trip over its white waste of waves1 ,and try escape from earth1 and fleet as free4 ,behind the body ,i suppose there bends ,old ,pheres in his hoary impotence2 ,and women-wailers1 in a corner crouch --,four1 beautiful as you four1--yes1 indeed6 ,close1 each to other1 agonising all1 ,as fastened1 in fear's rhythmic sympathy1 ,to two contending opposite4 ,there strains ,the might o' the hero 'gainst his more than match1 --,death1 dreadful not in thew and bone1 but like ,the envenomed substance that exudes some dew1 ,whereby the merely honest flesh and blood ,will fester up and run to ruin straight1 ,ere they can close with1 clasp and overcome1 ,the poisonous impalpability ,that simulates a form beneath the flow ,of those grey garments2 ,i pronounce that piece ,worthy to set up in our ,poikile6 ,leighton had taken the lines from ,euripides as his text3-- ,there slept a silent palace in the sun1 ,with plains adjacent and ,thessalian peace4 4444,yea1 ,i will go and lie in wait for ,death1 the king of souls departed1 with the dusky robes1 and methinks ,i shall find him hard by the grave drinking the sacrificial wine4 ,and if ,i can seize him by this ambush1 springing from my lair1 and throw my arms in circle round him1 none shall snatch his panting body from my grasp till he give back the woman to me4 ,illustration3 ,,heracles ,,struggling ,,with ,,death ,,for ,,the ,,body ,,of ,,alcestis4 #ahga ,by permission of the ,fine ,art ,society1 the owners of the ,copyright ,this work made a landmark in ,leighton's career4 ,dante at ,verona had combined a complicated design of many figures with a dramatic feeling2 ,cimabue's ,madonna and the ,syracusan ,bride had proved ,leighton's great power of rich arrangement1 to quote ,d4,g4 ,rossetti's words respecting ,cimabue's ,madonna2 but in the ,heracles ,wrestling with ,death there was felt to be a more profound tragedy2 indeed1 the objective treatment had in this instance ceded to one more subjective1 in so far that the subject had appealed to him through a personal experience1 though the feeling was1 as in nearly all ,leighton's greatest works1 veiled in a classic garb4 ,in a letter to his mother1 dated ,november #ac1 #ahfd1 he wrote3-- ,november #ac1 #ahfd4 ,i returned so suddenly on account of a grave and terrible anxiety1 now quite removed1 about my dear friend ,mrs4 ,sartoris4 ,i must tell you that for some time past she has been looking dreadfully ill1 getting daily worse1 haggard and thin4 ,i1 in common with all her friends1 had been growing very anxious1 and conjectured that some day or other a crisis must come in which only the surgeon could avail her4 ,i little thought how near at hand the moment was6 ,she on her part had borne up with an amount of moral and physical courage which everybody says was quite incredible4 ,her nearest relations have not known from her that she was in so dangerous a state4 ,a week ago ,i arrived at ,francport1 the chateau of the ,marquis de l',aigle1 where ,i expected to find ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,sartoris and their children4 ,i found instead ,mme4 de l',aigle in the deepest anxiety and commotion1 having received a letter saying that on that very day poor ,mrs4 ,s4 was undergoing an operation of which the event was very doubtful6 ,i need hardly say that ,i instantly hurried off to ,england in the greatest alarm1 and in fear and trembling lest she should have succumbed4 ,you may judge of my relief1 next morning1 on hearing from the servant in ,park ,place that she was doing well4 ,i hurried off to the doctor1 a friend of mine1 and heard that for six hours her life had been in jeopardy1 but that1 thank ,god1 she was doing amazingly well1 that for a week there could be no certainty of her recovery1 but that the possible chances doubled every day4 ,since then1 thank ,god1 she has progressed so astoundingly owing to her immense roots of vitality and health1 that one may be almost certain 7unberufen7 of her complete recovery1 in which event she will enjoy life more than she has done for several years4 ,her family and friends have escaped an entirely irreparable loss4 ,the very beautiful picture1 ,greek ,girls ,picking up ,pebbles by the ,shore of the ,sea1 was also exhibited in the ,academy in #ahga1 likewise a smaller work1 ,cleoboulos ,instructing his ,daughter ,cleobouline4 ,this is one of several which proves ,leighton's gift for catching the grace and singular refinement of childhood4 ,lord ,leighton's drawings and paintings of children show the protecting1 caressing tenderness he felt towards them4 ,he loved little things1 little children1 kittens--'caressing littleness1 that littleness in which there is much of the whole woeful heart of things'--everything lovely that had in it the unconscious grace of helplessness seemed especially to touch him4 ,in #ahgb ,summer ,moon was exhibited--the picture ,watts told me he thought he preferred to all of ,leighton's paintings4 ,i believe the cause of this preference arose from the fact that the quality and texture in ,summer ,moon is looser and more vibrating1 and gives a greater sense of atmosphere than is suggested by ,leighton's works as a rule4 ,moonlight mystifies the tints of purple and blue1 and creeps over and into every fold of the beautiful drapery--glistening on the white garment of the recumbent figure4 ,in every line and touch in the exquisite design of the figures and drapery lurks the poetry of moonlight2 the song of a nightingale perched on the branch of a pomegranate tree enhancing the sense of deep restfulness in the scene4#dc ,illustration3 ,,summer ,,moon4 #ahgb ,by permission of ,messrs4 ,p4 ,d4 ,colnaghi1 the owners of the ,copyright ,illustration3 ,a ,,condottiere4 #ahgb ,illustration3 ,,study ,,for ,,figure ,,in ,,frieze4 ,,music4 #ahhf ,leighton ,house ,collection ,illustration3 ,,study ,,for ,,figure ,,in ,,the ,,arts ,,of ,,war1 ,victoria and ,albert ,museum4 #ahgb ,leighton ,house ,collection ,illustration3 ,,study ,,for ,,figure ,,in ,,the ,,arts ,,of ,,war1 ,victoria and ,albert ,museum4 #ahgb ,leighton ,house ,collection ,illustration3 ,,study ,,for ,,figure ,,in ,,the ,,arts ,,of ,,war1 ,victoria and ,albert ,museum4 #ahgb ,leighton ,house ,collection ,it is thought by some that the design would have carried out the feeling of absolute repose better had the lower curves of the round aperture behind the figures been absent--these lines rather suggesting horns springing up on either side of the group4 ,the end of the foot of the sitting figure being cut off by the bottom line of the picture has also a somewhat uncomfortable effect4 ,the same thing occurs in the picture ,greek ,girl ,dancing1 producing the feeling that the canvas has run short4 ,these criticisms1 however1 only refer to minor matters4 ,summer ,moon is an exquisitely beautiful picture1 one which will ever sustain the great reputation of its creator4 ,a ,condottiere and the monochrome version of ,the ,industrial ,arts of ,war 7#gf x #agg in471 exhibited at the ,south ,kensington ,international ,exhibition the same year1 strikingly contrast in character with ,summer ,moon4 ,if the one is notable for gentle1 womanly grace and a sense of relaxation induced by slumber1 ,a ,condottiere is full of verve and virile power1#dd and in the design for ,the ,industrial ,arts of ,war all is action and movement4 ,leighton made many studies for all his principal pictures1 but the finest group of sketches are certainly those made for mural decorations4 ,being executed under more difficult conditions than the easel pictures1 doubtless he felt more preparation for frescoes was required4 ,the studies in ,leighton ,house for the ,arts of ,war1 ,arts of ,peace1 two friezes1 ,music1 ,the ,dance1 ,and the ,sea gave up the ,dead that were in it1 the painted decoration for the ceiling of a music room1 ,phoenicians ,bartering with ,britons1 are the most completely worked out and powerful studies in the collection4 ,in the following year1 #ahgc1 the companion lunette in monochrome1 ,the ,industrial ,arts of ,peace1 was exhibited at the ,royal ,academy4 ,this design is more comfortably fitted into its space than that of the ,arts of ,war1 as the whole is lifted up from the bottom line of the lunette1 and no part of the figures is cut off 7as in the case of the men's feet and the drapery of the otherwise most beautiful group of women on the left hand in the ,arts of ,war74 ,weaving the ,wreath1 a small picture of lovely colour and subtle technique1 appeared in #ahgc1 and in #ahgd three of the most remarkable of ,leighton's pictures of single figures4 ,in a ,moorish ,garden3 a ,dream of ,granada the charming child ,cleobouline reappears in an ,eastern turban and drapery1 holding a copper vessel and followed by two peacocks1 walking across a square canvas filled in by a background of the delightful garden at ,generalife at ,granada4 ,the ,antique ,juggling ,girl is one of the best examples in ,leighton's work of his ardent passion for colour1 and his perfect mastery in painting the beauty of an undraped figure4 ,the form of the torso recalls the exquisite fragment from the ,naples ,museum4#de ,the actual painting1 however1 exemplifies the truth of ,leighton's very notable words written to ,steinle1 ,what reveals true knowledge of form is a powerful1 organic1 refined finish of modelling full of feeling and knowledge--and that is the affair of the brush4 ,the principal scheme of colour is effectively carried throughout the picture--in the golden flesh tint against the ivory-white of the parchment banner hung as a screen background1 the crown of dark ivy leaves and the golden balls telling out as notes of a deeper tone2 the crinkled folds of white drapery resting on the darker mass1 the full tawny browns and yellows of the leopard skins on which the figure stands making a dark1 luminous basis1 the metal jar and the dense foliage of deep verdant green enriched by the orange of the fruit springing up and continuing the dark framework of the central design4 ,this picture is a very original work1 and should1 ,i think1 be placed very high in the rank of ,leighton's achievements4 ,clytemnestra from the battlements of ,argos watches for the beacon fires which are to announce the return of ,agamemnon is1 in every sense1 a contrast to the ,antique ,juggling ,girl4 ,the figure is powerful and heavily draped1 the drapery being superb1 and the limbs those which might truly overpower even ,agamemnon4#df ,illustration3 ,,antique ,,juggling ,,girl4 #ahgd ,by permission of ,mr4 ,george ,hodges ,illustration3 ,,clytemnestra ,,watches ,,from ,,the ,,battlements ,,of ,,argos ,,for ,,the ,,beacon ,,fires ,,which ,,are ,,to ,,announce ,,the ,,return ,,of ,,agamemnon4 #ahgd ,leighton ,house ,collection ,illustration3 ,,study ,,for ,,clytemnestra4 #ahgd ,leighton ,house ,collection ,illustration3 ,,study ,,for ,,summer ,,moon ,from ,oil ,sketch painted by ,moonlight in ,rome ,given by the late ,a4 ,waterhouse1 ,r4,a41 to the ,leighton ,house ,collection ,the bar of red1 which strikes a warm note among the cool lights and shadows of moonlight1 adding immensely to the value of these tones1 was suggested by the coral necklace1 worn by the model from whom ,leighton painted the study by moonlight for ,summer ,moon in ,rome4 ,egyptian ,slinger was ,leighton's principal work exhibited in #ahge1 ,the ,daphnephoria already engrossing most of his time and thought4 ,this picture 7#hi x #bjd inches71 a triumphal procession held every ninth year at ,thebes in honour of ,apollo and to commemorate a victory of the ,thebans over the ,aeolians of ,arne 7see ,proclus1 ,chrestomath1 p4 #aa71 and the very fine portrait of ,sir ,richard ,burton were exhibited in #ahgf4 ,from some points of view ,the ,daphnephoria is ,leighton's greatest achievement4 ,the difficulties he surmounted successfully in the work were of a character with which few ,english artists could cope at all4 ,the size of the canvas alone would certainly have insisted on ten years' devotion to it from most modern artist-workmen4 ,the extreme breadth of the arrangement of the masses1 united with great beauty of line and form in the detail2 the sense of the moving of a procession swinging along to the rhythmic phrases of chanted music2 the brilliant light of ,greece1 striking on the fine surface of the marble platform along which the procession is moving and on the town below1 which it has left behind1 contrasting with the deep shadowed cypress grove rising as background to the figures2--all this is more than masterly3 it is convincing4 ,it is probably quite unlike what took place at ,thebes every ninth year2--but ,art is not ,archaeology4 ,the written account of what took place fired ,leighton's imagination to create a scene in which he treated the ,greek function as the text2 the wonderful light and the fineness of ,greek atmosphere as the tone2 the processional majesty and grace of movement as the action4 ,the element of beauty which the record suggested to him was the truth of the scene to ,leighton1 and he has recorded the essence of it in an extraordinarily original work4 ,it was after ,leighton's death that the picture first struck home to me4 ,the last day of the exhibition of a wonderful man's life-work had come to an end one ,saturday afternoon in the spring of #ahig4 ,it had been a record day at ,burlington ,house2 crowds had filled the galleries from morning till the light had begun to wane4 ,only a very few stragglers remained1 but the keeper1 ,mr4 ,calderon1 ,r4,a41 was there4 ,one of the porters in his red gown came up to him1 and petitioned for a half-hour more before the final closing of the doors on the message which ,leighton had left to the world4 ,both men1 the keeper and the porter1 looked grave and sad4 ,the great ,president had been beloved by all4 ,the porter's request was granted1 and it was during that short half-hour that ,i seemed for the first time fully to realise the great qualities of ,the ,daphnephoria2 the room being empty1 it could be seen from the right distance1 and the conception of the work and its completion spoke out very plainly and convincingly4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,daphnephoria--,a ,,triumphal ,,procession ,,held ,,at ,,thebes ,,in ,,honour ,,of ,,apollo4 #ahgf ,by permission of the ,fine ,art ,society1 the owners of the ,copyright ,illustration3 ,,at ,a ,,reading-,,desk4 #ahgg ,by permission of ,messrs4 ,l4,h4 ,lefevre ,son1 the owners of the ,copyright ,different as a picture could be was the exquisite ,music ,lesson of #ahgg4 ,again we have the lovely little ,cleobouline1 her delicate fingers learning to make music on a mandoline4 ,the grouping and grace in the attitude of the teacher and the pupil1 the ease and pleasant arrangement of the draperies1 the texture and fine distinction in the feeling and technique of the work1 can only be suggested by a reproduction2 whereas to appreciate in any way the delicate brightness and charm of the colour is impossible without seeing the original4 ,this is the one of all ,leighton's paintings which--perhaps more than any other--conclusively contradicts the statement made1 that the inspiration stage was practically passed when he took the crayon in his hand4 ,another ,cleobouline also appeared in the same ,academy ,exhibition--as fascinating as the little lady learning music2 ,study it was called--a child in a delightfully painted glistening pink silk dressing-gown1 sitting cross-kneed on an ,eastern carpet before an inlaid prayer-desk4 ,very characteristic of ,leighton's bewitching painting of children's feet are the little toes of the child peeping out between the folds of pink drapery4 ,the finest woman's portrait ,leighton ever painted appeared the same year as a ,music ,lesson4 ,this was ,miss ,mabel ,mills4#dg ,the breadth and delicacy in the modelling of the cheek and throat rivals the work of ,greek sculpture4 ,the most serious work exhibited in #ahgg was the bronze version of ,leighton's ,athlete ,strangling a ,python1#dh the small sketch of which was made in #ahgd4 ,this statue showed to the world his power as a sculptor4 ,every work he modelled evinced in an equal degree his consummate ability as such1 though the more flexible treatment--in the modelled sketches for the ,python1 the sleeping group in ,cymon and ,iphigenia1#di and the ,perseus and ,andromeda--may carry with it a greater charm than is found in the completed statues4 ,the following letters from the ,french sculptor ,dalou1 the painter ,george ,boughton1 and ,sir ,edgar ,boehm are testimonies to the effect which the ,python in bronze1 and the sketch1 produced on artists at the time they were executed3-- #bag;,a ,,glebe ,,place1 ,,chelsea1 ,s4,w41 #b ,mai #ahgg4 ,,mon ,,cher ,,leighton1--,si mes humbles felicitations peuvent vous toucher j'en serais tres heureux4 ,j'esperais vous voir lundi dernier a l',academy et vous complimenter comme vous le meritez pour votre belle statue4 ,a quoi sert de gratter toute sa vie un morceau de terre1 quand pres de soi on voit tout a coup surgir un chef d'oeuvre d'une main a qui la sculpture etait jusque la restee etrangere8 ,si j'etais envieux ce serait une belle occasion pour moi1 mais loin de la j'ai ete tres heureux d'admirer votre oeuvre1 et tres flatte de l'honneur qu'on a fait a ma pauvre terre cuite1 en la placant en pendant avec votre bronze2 c'est encore un bon souvenir de plus qui me viens de l',academy et de vous1 mon cher ,leighton1 car je sais toute la part que vous avez prise au deplacement dont ma figure a ete l'objet4 ,aussi croyez que je suis heureux de pouvoir me dire votre sincere admirateur et tres reconnaissant ami1 ,j4 ,,dalou4 ,illustration3 ,,an ,,athlete ,,strangling ,a ,,python ,from small sketch1 #ahgf ,,grove ,,lodge1 ,,palace ,,gardens ,,terrace1 ,,kensington1 ,w41 ,december #aa1 #ahgd4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,leighton1--,i fear that the note which ,i sent with the bronze did not explain itself sufficiently4 ,i meant to ask you to accept it--to have and to hold for yourself your heirs and assigns for ever1 to speak legally4 ,i can in no way express the pleasure ,i felt when ,i saw your small study for the man battling with the serpent4 ,i hope the report in the ,academy that it is to be done life-size in bronze is true4 ,it will be worthy to go with the best of the antiques4 ,the other study for the singing maidens was delightful#ej as the other was grand4 ,to put it in the picturesque parlance of the ,far ,west1 ,i was knocked over and sat on4 ,it will be a slight relief to give my words a little form and weight2 as ,i am unfortunately not a ,roman ,emperor and have not a golden crown of laurel about me1 pray do me the favour to accept the only thing ,i have worth sending4--,believe me1 yours very sincerely1 ,,geo4 ,h4 ,,boughton4 ,,grove ,,lodge1 ,,palace ,,gardens ,,terrace1 ,,kensington1 ,december #ad1 #ahgd4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,leighton1--,i don't know which to admire most--the sketch1 as you call it 7it seems heroic in size even now71 or your great kindness in sending it to me4 ,now that ,i may enjoy it at my leisure--and ,i take my leisure very often--it seems finer even than ,i thought it was4 ,not merely the spirit of the antique1 but the antique itself1 and the antique ,i mean is the everlasting1 the best mortal may ever hope to make4 ,this is1 as far as my capacity for judging is worth1 sincere4 ,i know how perilous it is to say warmly what one feels1 how it is put down as gush and bad form2 but when in this very ,london fog of ,art one sees a spark of pure light1 there is some excuse for shouting with joy4 ,i should reproach myself with taking up overmuch of your time in this matter1 but ,i know that you are very good-natured2 besides you might have taken my poor little bronze tribute in as few words as ,i sent it1 and there it might have ended--though for myself ,i am glad you did not1 and shall be ever selfishly thankful that you acted as kindly as you did4 ,pray don't bother to reply to this1 ,i am too much your debtor already4--,yours very sincerely1 ,,geo4 ,h4 ,,boughton4 #gh ,,cornwall ,,gardens1 ,,queen',s ,,gate1 ,may #aa1 #ahgg4 ,,dear ,,leighton1--,i follow my instinct and sincere desire in congratulating you on your magnificent statue in the ,academy1 which ,i have just seen4 ,it is superb4 ,i think it the best statue of modern days4 ,i was riveted with admiration and astonishment2 and whatever you may think of my judgment1 pray take this as my humble and heartfelt tribute to a work of genius1 which to my mind ranks nearer zur ,antiken than anything ,i have seen1 during my career1 produced in any school or country4 ,believe me1 with sincere admiration1 yours1 ,j4,e4 ,,boehm4 ,in #ahij ,leighton made a replica of the statue in marble for the ,glyptothek in ,copenhagen4 ,it was exhibited in the ,royal ,academy ,exhibition in #ahia4 ,many were the voices heard exclaiming that ,leighton ought to give himself entirely to sculpture4 ,his masterly power in understanding form1 and giving expression to it in ,art1 was readily understood and appreciated when he worked in the round1 whereas it had been but scantily appreciated in his painting2 the fact being1 that the public is unaccustomed to find that power developed in modern pictures1 whereas in sculpture it is the principal and obvious aim in any statue4 ,however1 whatever the public thought or expressed1 ,leighton went on painting4 ,in #ahgh ,nausicaa and ,winding the ,skein were exhibited1 both among ,leighton's happiest works4 ,a reticent grace in the attitude of the figure1 and a tender yearning sadness in the face1 makes this rendering of ,nausicaa very attractive4 ,winding the ,skein is the best example of those fair pictures which ,leighton painted1 and evidently delighted in painting1 as records of ,southern--and more particularly--,greek light and atmosphere4 ,for the special charm in the tone and colouring to be understood1 the picture itself must be seen2 but the design and delightful feeling in the movement of the figures can be rendered in the reproduction4 ,again in this work the fascinating little figure of ,cleobouline appears and also the teacher in the ,music ,lesson4 ,in all1 ,leighton painted thirty-six important pictures1 twenty-six slighter works1#ea and executed his first statue1 ,athlete ,strangling a ,python1 in the ten years between #ahfi and #ahgi4 ,illustration3 ,,nausicaa4 #ahgh ,during these years the ,royal ,academy ,exhibition took place in ,burlington ,house1 it having previously been held in a suite of rooms at the ,national ,gallery in ,trafalgar ,square4 ,leighton sent photographs of the cartoons for the ,industrial ,arts of ,war and of ,peace#eb to ,steinle1 who wrote his criticisms on the designs4 ,the following is ,leighton's answer3-- ,translation4 ,february #c1 #ahgd4 ,,my ,,very ,,dear ,,friend1--,your very welcome lines arrived auspiciously a few days ago4 ,i need not say how delighted ,i am that you are not displeased with the two compositions of your old pupil1 and that you recognise in them a not unworthy effort4 ,i am especially grateful to you that while giving your approbation you have enclosed a criticism1 and only regret that you have blamed but one thing1 where there are unfortunately so many faults4 ,i shall endeavour1 if these cartoons ever come to be carried out1 as far as possible to repress the faults which you remark in ,peace2 for1 as ,i am by all means passionate for the true ,hellenic art1 and am touched beyond everything by its noble simplicity and its unaffected directness1 so the ,roman or ,napoleonic at its highest is antipathetic to me--,i had almost said disgusting4 ,the two compositions are intended for a large court 7where there are objects from all parts of the world and of all epochs72 they will not1 however1 stand near1 but opposite to one another4 ,the figures will be life-size1 the foremost ones almost colossal4 ,the ,arts of ,peace ,i transported to ,greece1 partly out of sympathy1 and partly on account of the special beauty of the ,greek ceramic and jewel work2 the conduct of arms seemed to me to find its highest expression in mediaeval ,italy1 and ,i gladly seized this opportunity to tread the old path again in which my feet now so seldom wander4 ,if you really believe that my old friends in ,frankfurt will be interested in these works1 ,i shall be extremely pleased if you will put them in the ,gallery2 ,i wish only one thing1 namely1 that it may be made quite clear to the spectator that they are merely cartoons2 their entire lack of effect would otherwise be surprising4 ,but the ,pinta1 of which you write1 haunts my mind6 ,if ,i had only time to run over myself6--but it is impossible4 ,once more heartiest greetings1 from your devoted pupil1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,the ,prince ,consort1 ,i believe1 first conceived the idea of decorating spaces on the walls of the ,victoria and ,albert ,museum with frescoes1 as a memorial of the nation's gratitude on the close of the ,crimean ,war1 and mentioned the subject to ,leighton4 ,it was not1 however1 till #ahfh that ,sir ,henry ,cole approached him officially on the subject in the following letter3-- ,july #ad1 #ahfh4 ,,sir1--,the ,lords of the ,committee of ,council on ,education having had under their consideration the subject of the permanent decoration of the lunettes at the ends of the ,south ,court of the ,south ,kensington ,museum1 have directed me to inquire if it would be agreeable to you to undertake to execute a picture for one of these lunettes1 for which lunette their ,lordships would be prepared to authorise a payment of ,l#ajjj1 it being understood that all rights of copying the work belong to the ,department4 ,when the court is completed1 there will be four lunettes of a similar size4 ,at the present time1 however1 there are only two spaces actually ready2 and should you be willing to accept the commission now offered to you1 your picture would be placed in one of these two finished lunettes4 ,mr4 ,watts1 ,r4,a41 has been asked to execute a similar commission for the second lunette2 and1 in order that the works may have a certain symmetry in respect of the scale of the figures1 c41 it would be desirable that you should place yourself into communication with him4--,i am1 ,sir1 your obedient servant1 ,,henry ,,cole4 ,illustration3 ,,study ,,for ,,group ,,in ,,the ,,arts ,,of ,,peace1 ,victoria and ,albert ,museum4 #ahgc ,leighton ,house ,collection ,illustration3 ,,first ,,sketch ,,for ,,figure ,,of ,,cimabue ,carried out in ,mosaic in the ,victoria and ,albert ,museum1 #ahfh ,illustration3 ,,original ,,sketch ,,for ,,the ,,figure ,,of ,,niccola ,,pisano ,carried out in ,mosaic in the ,victoria and ,albert ,museum1 #ahfh ,watts was not prepared to accept the commission to execute one of the frescoes1 being already immersed in work which absorbed his whole time and attention4 ,he did1 however1 accept the commission to make a cartoon for the figure of ,titian to be worked in mosaic in one of the spaces which form a kind of frieze along the side of the ,southern ,court4 ,leighton1 besides agreeing finally to paint frescoes on the lunettes at each end of the court1 made cartoons in #ahfh for two of these side spaces1 one of the figure of ,cimabue1 the other of ,niccolo ,pisano4 ,sketches for these are in the ,leighton ,house ,collection4 7,see ,list of ,illustrations47 ,a controversy took place between ,leighton and ,sir ,henry ,cole respecting the question whether these figures were to be treated pictorially or decoratively1 whether the background was to be of plain gold mosaic or whether there were to be objects depicted in perspective behind the figures4 ,the following part of a letter from ,leighton concluded the agreement4 ,i submit that ,i have given reasons why the figures under discussion should not be pictures1 and that you1 on the other hand1 have not put forward a single reason why1 a single principle on which they should be pictures4 ,you have contented yourself with adducing some precedents2 as the question1 however1 is entirely one of principles1 precedent alone means nothing1 one way or another2 if it were not so1 ,i should have opposed to you cases in which the1 to my mind1 sounder principle is observed4 ,raphael's ceiling in the ,vatican1 for instance--an example you will scarcely cavil at4 ,there is not in the whole range of art a single aberration that cannot be endorsed with some good name4 ,to glance once more at the principle3 whether the gold behind the figures be in effect the background of flat1 or whether it be1 as you hold1 essentially something round2 whether or not it be this1 as ,i certainly assert1 the wall throughout the decoration1 it is unanswerably a conventional abstraction1 it represents no concrete object1 and as an abstraction is incompatible with any perspective representations of solid objects1 which presuppose space and distance--everything that is on the same plane as the figure is submitted to the same conditions1 hence any accessory on the pedestal is admissible2 everything beyond the pedestal is part of the background1 which may be abstract or concrete1 as you please1 but cannot logically be both4 ,i am the first to admit and admire the intimate connection which existed formerly between architecture and painting3 to say architecture and pictures1 is to beg the whole question4 ,in condemning the loose practice of modern times1 you cannot propose upholding for admiration the mere fact that in old times picture and wall were sometimes one1 but no doubt allude with just admiration to the harmony existing between them1 in the best examples1 and to the wise adaptation of the one to the other4 ,you1 ,i submit1 are attacking and attempting to subvert the very principles on which this harmony rests2 my sole desire is to assert and defend them1 and ,i earnestly desire that1 actuated1 as ,i am entirely convinced you are1 more by the desire to forward the truth than to triumph in argument1 the views ,i have put before you may eventually commend themselves to you1 and deter you from further encouraging a practice which may be supported by precedent1 but cannot be made tenable in theory4 ,in the autumn of #ahgc ,leighton visited ,damascus1 where he made studies for the picture exhibited in the #ahgd ,academy1 ,old ,damascus--,jews' ,quarter1#ec and a fine sketch of the interior of the ,grand ,mosque which he enlarged into a picture #fb x #di inches1 and exhibited in #ahge4 ,he also made a remarkable moonlight study preserved in the ,leighton ,house ,collection4 ,one afternoon1 late in the autumn of #ahgb1 wrote ,dr4 ,william ,wright1 ,i was on the roof of my house trying to cool after a long ride in the sun1 when there came a loud knock at my door2 the latch was lifted1 and presently a resplendent kavass mounted to my platform4 ,he explained to me that a noble ,englishman was coming up to see me1 and with that ,frederic ,leighton skipped gaily up the steps4 ,after a courteous greeting and apology1 he sat down and became silent1 absolutely wrapped up in the pageantry of the sky4 ,when ,i excused myself for the lapse of the time1 he looked at me1 and said quietly1 ',no artist ever wasted time in accurately observing natural phenomena1' and added1 ',that sunset will mix with my paint1 and will tint your ink as long as either of us lives4 ,it will never be over1 it has dyed our spirits in colours which can never be washed out4' ,to his father he wrote3-- ,,damascus1 ,october #ah1 #ahgc4 ,,dear ,,papa1--,i find that ,i am not as completely cut off from the western world here as ,i have been led to believe ,i was1 and that boats leave ,damascus for ,alexandria weekly1 and not fortnightly1 as ,i told you in my hasty line of the other day2 although1 therefore1 you are no longer uneasy about my health1 ,i will not defer till the later boat thanking you for your welcome letter which reached me two or three days ago4 ,i am much shocked and concerned to hear of the death of my poor friend ,benson1 for which ,i was in no way prepared1 the last accounts ,i had received before leaving ,england being of a decidedly hopeful nature4 ,a kinder heart never beat than his1 and ,i felt really attached to him2 he is a great loss to me4 ,and now to tell you about myself4 ,three tedious days on board a ,russian boat which tossed and rolled like a cork over a sea on which a ,p4 and ,o4 would have been motionless1 brought me to ,beyrout1 a cheery1 picturesque1 sunny port at the foot of ,lebanon2 gay and glad ,i was to land1 and ,andrea's cool1 clean inn overlooking the sea was a delightful haven of rest1 and my first meal at a steady table 7or a real chair7 was ambrosial4 ,being in a hurry to get to the end of my journey1 ,i did not stay more than half a day1 but started by diligence for ,damascus1 a journey of some thirteen hours1 first over ,lebanon itself 7which is fine1 but by no means grand as ,i had hoped71 then across the ,valley of ,coelesyria1 and lastly over ,antilebanon1 at the foot of which the town lies4 ,at the last relay ,i found waiting for me a horse and dragoman1 for which and whom ,i had telegraphed in order that ,i might get the famous view of ,damascus about which travellers have told wonders from time immemorial1 and which is only to be seen from a bridle path over the hill above the suburb of ,sala'aijeh2 unfortunately the days are getting short1 and ,i did not reach the proper spot till just after sunset2 not too late1 however1 to enjoy the marvellous prospect before me1 and to feel that it is worthy of all that has been said in its praise4 ,it is impossible to conceive anything more startling than the suddenness with which1 emerging from a narrow and absolutely barren cleft in the rock1 you see spread before your eyes and at your feet a dense mass of exuberant trees spreading for miles on to the plain which looks towards ,palmyra1 and1 rising white in the midst of it1 the ,damascus of the thousand and one nights4 ,it is a great and a rare thing for an old traveller not to be disappointed1 and ,i am grateful that it has been so with me this time4 ,about the town itself--as seen1 ,i mean1 from within--,i have a mixed feeling4 ,in some respects it equals all my hopes1 or at least in one respect2 in others it falls short of them4 ,i have remarked that to be prepared for disappointment never in the slightest degree deadens the blow1 and1 accordingly1 although ,i have both read and been told to my heart's content that ,i should find the streets unpicturesque and without character1 relatively of course 7relatively say1 to ,cairo1 not to ,baker ,street71 ,i was1 nevertheless1 depressed and in a way surprised to find them so4 ,of course1 there are1 as in every ,eastern town1 numberless delightful bits1 and those ennobled as regularly as the day comes by a right royal sun and canopy of blue1 yet in the main1 ,cairo and1 in a very different way1 ,algiers1 are far more brilliant1 and by-the-bye although you see here an extraordinary variety of costumes from the remotest corners of the ,east 7,i have met ,indians in the streets71 a group of ,algerine ,bedouins in their stately white robes is worth a whole bazaar full of the peasants and pilgrims that throng ,damascus4 ,then in architecture1 ,damascus falls far behind ,cairo1 both for abundance and beauty of its specimens4 ,its background1 too1 ,antilebanon1 is unsatisfactory1 humpy and without power of character or beauty of line1 such as makes the ,red ,mountains on the skirt of the ,cairene desert so delightful4 ,here then are the shortcomings2 but ,i have my compensation in the houses1 the old houses of which some few are standing1 though grey and perishing1 and which are still lovely to enchantment4 ,i can't hope to convey to you in writing any idea of this loveliness1 and it is not within the scope of sketching 7though ,i am doing one or two little corners71 but ,i am having three or four photographs made 7for there are none67 from which you will be able to gather something of their charm4 ,they cannot1 however1 give you the splendour of the light1 and the fanciful delicacy of the colour in the open courts1 or the intense and fantastic gorgeousness of the interior4 ,indeed ,i shall probably not attempt the latter1 and though you will see lemon and myrtle trees rising tall and slim out of the marble floors and bending over tanks of running water1 you will miss the vivid sparkling of the leaves1 and you will not hear the unceasing song of the bubbling fountains4 ,i wish ,i could report that ,i am doing much work4 ,i am doing some1 and think ,i see my way to one or two pot-boilers 7the fatal1 inevitable pot-boilers672 but distances here are great1 and so is the heat1 and there is not much that is within the compass of sketching1 though there is endless paintable material4 ,i am doing a bit in the great mosque1 which is very delightful to me1 in colour1 and1 if ,i can render it1 may strike others in the same way4 ,i am having the spot photographed in case ,i try to make a picture of it4 ,the second p4-b4 would probably be some unambitious corner of a court with a figure or two1 et voila4 ,it is late and ,i am sleepy1 so good-night and good-bye4 ,i wish you gave me a brighter account of ,lina2 give her too my best love4 ,it was hardly worth while1 by-the-bye1 to have my letters forwarded4 ,i shall only get them1 if at all1 just before leaving ,damascus next week6 ,i fear ,i can't get back to ,england till end of third week in ,november4--,your affectionate son1 ,,fred4 ,in the autumn of #ahgg ,leighton revisited ,spain4 ,a letter dated ,september #ba1 #ahgg1 ,madrid1 in which ,leighton answers certain questions asked by ,mrs4 ,mark ,pattison concerning art galleries and dealers1 ends with the following sentence3-- ,thank you for what you tell me about ,puvis de ,chavannes' work4 ,i admire the designs for ,ste4 ,genevieve hugely1 and am altogether an aficionado of that odd1 incomplete1 but refined and poetic painter2 but for emptiness of modelling he seeks his peer in vain4 ,i am seeing ,velasquez again for the third time2 this is the place in which to see him in all his splendour1 and in all his nakedness--but that would be a chapter1 and not a hasty note4--,very truly yours1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,from ,spain ,leighton crossed to ,tangiers1 whence he wrote3-- ,,tangiers1 ,october #d1 #ahgg4 ,,my ,,dear ,,papa1--,you are probably not a little surprised at the superscription of this letter2 so am ,i4 ,it was a sudden and a happy thought that brought me here4 ,i reflected that1 whilst ,i had long wished to see ,tangiers1 ,i should not very probably come to ,spain again1 and should therefore not have another chance of visiting ,morocco without a journey made on purpose4 ,the run from ,gibraltar is only four hours1 and ,i wonder the trip did not form part of my original scheme4 ,it will have one drawback for me1 that ,i shall get to ,granada a few days later1 and be by so much the longer in getting news from ,england2 but my journey will not be prolonged on the whole1 as ,i shall endeavour to cut off at the end what ,i put on now4 ,i the more owe myself what enjoyment ,i can get here1 that as ,i told you--did ,i not8--in my last1 my journey has been hitherto rather a dismal failure4 ,i told you how vile the weather was in ,madrid1 so that all technical study of the pictures was out of the question4 ,well this is1 since then1 the first perfectly fine afternoon we have had4 ,observe1 ,i only say afternoon1 for it poured in the morning1 and the phenomenon of a wholly bright day has still to come4 ,i am also still further in arrears of enjoyment from the fact that ,i got rather out of order1 ,god knows why1 the day ,i went to ,toledo1 to the utter spoiling of what should have been one of my most delightful trips1 and am only now pulling round again1 having called in ,a,esculapius 7at #b dollars a consultation71 whilst at ,gibraltar4 ,an attack of this nature is simply fatal to any real pleasure on one's journey1 and1 coming on the top of dark weather and the contretemps just as the closing of the ,alcazar in ,seville 7one of the things ,i especially wanted to see7 made rather an absurd failure of the whole thing4 ,at ,seville ,i was fool enough to go again to a bull-fight1 and was so disgusted that ,i got up and went away when the performance was only half over4 ,meanwhile the aspect of the arena itself1 with the ,cathedral and its marvellous tower rising just above into the sky1 is a very striking sight1 and one ,i should regret to have missed4 ,the processional entry1 too1 of the whole of the performers--picadors1 capeodors1 espadas1 c4 c4--is very picturesque and stately4 ,it is when the goring and torturing begins that the sight is revolting2 and the enormous popularity of this form of sport with a nation1 not1 that ,i am aware of1 exceptionally cruel1 only shows how easily our worst instincts stifle our better nature1 such as it is4 ,this is a prodigiously picturesque place1 and ,i enjoy more than ,i can say watching the ,arabs swarming up the streets and markets1 stately and grand in their picturesqueness beyond any population that ,i know1 and particularly instructive and valuable to an artist from the sculpturesque definiteness of their forms4 ,the ,jewish women here are said 7by ,ford7 to be prodigiously handsome4 ,i have seen no ,rebeccas amongst them yet4 ,i have not yet opened my box1 and shall at best do little or nothing2 ,i have no time4 ,next week ,i shall be in ,granada1 from where ,i hope to have to acknowledge a letter dated in ,kensington ,park ,gardens4 ,meanwhile ,i am1 with best love to ,lina and yourself1--,yours affectionately1 ,,fred4 ,,granada1 ,october #ai1 #ahgg4 ,,my ,,dear ,,papa1--,to-morrow is my last day in ,granada4 ,on ,sunday ,i turn my face ,londonward1 and my holiday will be pretty nearly at an end1 as ,i have1 from want of time1 given up my original intention of seeing ,valencia1 ,alicante1 ,tarragona1 c4 c4 ,travelling in ,spain is so infinitely slower than ,i had remembered it1 and so ideally inconvenient in regard to hours of starting and arriving1 that my programme has altogether undergone considerable modifications4 ,i reached this place a good week later than ,i expected1 and ,i did not get your letter till some days later yet1 owing1 ,i suppose1 to the difficulty experienced by the postal authorities in the art of reading4 ,this will account to you for the time that will have elapsed between your receipt of my two epistles4 ,i am truly sorry to hear that poor ,lina is below par2 tell her so1 with my love4 ,as you do not speak of yourself1 ,i presume that you are in good form1 and am glad to hear it4 ,there is one passage in your letter which suggests to me a strong protest4 ,i think it preposterous that the ambulant spinsters1 or otherwise1 with whom you foregather on your journeys1 should expect you to furnish them with photos of your celebrated son4 ,i like enthusiasm2 but genuine enthusiasm does not halt at a shilling1 which is the sum for which my effigy is obtainable in the public market2 verb4 sap4 ,i will not describe to you ,toledo1 ,cordova1 ,seville1 ,granada1 c4 7under which heads see ,murray's guide-book74 ,i have done so before 7probably71 and they have altered less than ,i1 with the exception1 perhaps1 of ,granada1 or rather the ,alhambra1 which1 alas6 is changed indeed1 thanks to the restoring mania1 and is now all but brand new4 ,i ought1 perhaps1 to remark that the changes in me are not precisely in that direction4 ,taking a bird's-eye view of my holiday1 ,i don't think ,i should call it altogether a success1 though ,i have had many very delightful moments1 and have seen many very beautiful things2 but1 in the first place1 ,i have failed to fulfil one of the special objects of my trip1 that1 namely1 of making a few sketches of sky effects1 particularly seaside skies1 which ,i sorely want for my picture of the girls and the skein of worsted4 ,i have not done so1 because ,i have not once seen anything even resembling the skies ,i mean1 and which are generally forthcoming at this season4 ,the weather has indeed of late been fine1 often if not always1 and here even1 at times1 superb2 but it is the before the rains1 and not1 as it should be1 the clear1 keen1 autumn weather1 after the air has been well swept and purged by the equinoctial broom and pail1 which ,i had a right to demand of a ,mediterranean ,october4 ,this is a great disappointment4 ,i did not want to work1 and ,god knows ,i have not 7five little sketches in all672 but just this document ,i did peremptorily require4 ,in the second place1 ,i have been rather seedy 7am all right now71 not very1 but enough to poison my pleasure2 and just so much that1 after two or three little amateur attempts 7local apothecary1 fellow-travellers1 c4 c471 ,i thought it right 7at ,gibraltar7 to see a doctor1 not because ,i was ill1 but lest ,i should get worse and develop more serious symptoms1 as internal disturbance occasionally does in hot countries4 ,in a few days 7and two large bottles of physic7 ,i was much better1 and am now1 ,i repeat1 quite myself again4 ,but ,i perceive that this uninteresting twaddle has filled my paper1 and barely left me space to tell that ,i have been to ,africa1 and shall be home on the #bhth 7evening74 ,yes1 to ,africa2 ,tangiers in four hours' steam from ,gibraltar1 and a most picturesque spot1 of which more when we meet4 ,on my way home ,i shall spend part of a day in ,madrid1 in the hopes of seeing the pictures this time4 ,on my road through ,france ,i shall make a short break at ,poitiers4 ,a bientot4--,affectionate son1 ,,fred4 ,during the nine years that ,leighton was a ,royal ,academician he worked most energetically in many directions towards establishing the principles which he considered sound and essential to the growth of the best ,art instincts in ,england4 ,he was one of the ,professional ,examiners in ,art from #ahff to #ahge at the ,victoria and ,albert ,museum4 ,in #ahhd he became one of the ,art ,referees for the ,museum1 and was consulted by ,sir ,henry ,cole to a considerable extent4 ,he aided1 as far as lay in his power1 all ,art ,societies to expand and to grow on the lines of ,catholicity4 ,he was a member of the ,committee of the ,society of ,dilettanti1 for the purpose of obtaining information as to the probable success of renewed search for monuments of ,greek ,art4 ,the following extract from a report proves what an active part he took in the business of the society3-- ,in the autumn of the same year two hundred cases of inscriptions and sculptures from ,priene were transported from ,priene to ,smyrna1 and thence conveyed to ,england in ,h4,m4,s4 ,antelope4 ,in ,march #ahgj the society presented these marbles to the trustees of the ,british ,museum4 ,in ,may #ahgj the committee1 then consisting of ,earl ,somers1 ,lord ,houghton1 ,mr4 ,watkiss ,lloyd1 ,mr4 ,penrose1 ,mr4 ,cartwright1 ,mr4 ,leighton1 and ,mr4 ,newton1 held several meetings4 ,the committee at their meetings went carefully over all the drawings and details obtained by the society of the ,temple of ,bacchus at ,teos1 ,apollo ,smintheus1 and ,minerva ,polias at ,priene2 they were of opinion that they would form an interesting and valuable publication1 and should be proceeded with as soon as possible1 and executed in a style worthy of the former productions of the society4 ,mr4 ,leighton offered to redraw the sculpture on some of the friezes1 and ,lord ,somers to prepare the landscape illustrations4 ,in #ahga the ,president of the ,artist ,benevolent ,fund1 ,mr4 ,j4,k4 ,kempton ,hope1 wrote to ,leighton3 ,i am peculiarly proud that the first act which ,i have to perform in my new character is to say how honoured and grateful we all should be if you would kindly consent to accept the position of ,vice-,president4 ,the following letter to his father announces that ,leighton had been elected ,president of the ,international ,jury of ,painting1 ,paris ,exhibition1 #ahgh3-- ,,hotel ,,westminster1 #ahgh1 ,friday4 ,,dear ,,papa1--,i have been waiting to write till ,i should have something to say beyond the fact that the weather is odious1 and shows no signs of relenting4 ,on ,saturday afternoon we had our meeting of the ,royal ,commissioners1 which had for its object the hearing of an address from the ,prince of ,wales4 ,on ,monday morning the whole ,international ,jury 7some six hundred or seven hundred members7 met at the ,ministere de ,commerce1 and was little more than formal4 ,to-day the group of sections which are concerned with ,art held its first meeting under the presidency of ,signor ,tullio ,massarani1 an ,italian1 with ,meissonier as ,vice-,president1 the chief object of the meeting being to inform the various sections of the groups whom the ,minister had appointed as their respective presidents4 ,my section1 composed of forty members1 is ,paintings and ,drawings2 there are twenty ,frenchmen--nearly all the first artists of the country1 in fact--and you will be surprised and very much gratified to learn that ,i was named president of this section--a very high honour1 of course1 and one of which ,i am extremely sensible1 but which we must not misinterpret2 it is1 of course1 only by an act of international courtesy that the ,french placed a foreigner at the head of their section1 and amongst the other foreign artists there were few names of much weight or standing2 still1 it is a courtesy which will1 ,i am sure1 give you pleasure4 ,our section being thus constituted1 we then appointed our own vice-president1 reporter1 and secretary2 they were unanimously elected2 the first was my old friend1 ,robert ,fleury2 the second was ,emile de ,savelege1 the ,belgian writer whom you know of2 and the third an old and kind friend of mine1 ,maurice ,cottier1 a man much mixed up in the official artistic world and possessing a magnificent picture gallery4 ,to-morrow we begin our labours at the ,exhibition1 and in the afternoon ,i shall go to the seance of the ,institut1 which always takes place on ,saturdays4 ,this is my budget4 ,perhaps the most important work inside the ,academy which ,leighton effected during this time was that of establishing the winter exhibitions of ,old ,masters at ,burlington ,house4 ,no one exemplified practically better than did ,leighton the value of the motto1 ,what is worth having is worth sharing4 ,he had been fed from early youth from the fountain-heads of ,art1 and one of his first objects after being elected a member of the ,royal ,academy was to endeavour to secure the same inspiring stimulus for students which he had himself imbibed from the work of the greatest men4 ,he told me also that his chief object in making conscientious studies in colour when he travelled1 was to endeavour to convey to students who were not able to go abroad some idea of the varieties in the aspects of nature found in different countries4 ,leighton was much appreciated in ,london society1 but the intimes of the old ,roman days remained still the nucleus of his friendships2 also every year he tried to find himself in his beloved ,italy1 and he generally succeeded4 ,from his old friend ,lady ,william ,russell1 mother of ,odo ,russell 7afterwards ,lord ,ampthill and ,leighton's ally in ,rome71 and ,arthur ,russell--the notable lady whose charm attracted to her salon all that was most interesting among the magnates of ,europe--two notes record her affection for ,leighton and the death of ,henry ,greville in #ahgb1 the severest blow which ,leighton had sustained since the death of his mother4 ,i was in hopes of seeing you1 to thank you viva voce for the ambrosia you sent me from ,italy4 ,i did not write during your pictorial tour1 not exactly knowing where you might be4 ,it was1 and is1 for ,i have some still1 excellent2 ,paolo ,veronese did not eat any better1 nor ,titian1 nor any of your ,brethren in ,apollo4 ,guido you are--the ,english ,guido--but not da ,polenta2 ,i will not accept that terre a terre denomination4 ,i now thank you most gratefully--it was one of the seven works of mercy1 for ,i really could not eat and was starving4 ,the ,indian cornflour was a renovation4 ,if ever you can make up your mind to pay a visit to una povera vealisa--zoppa--sorda--brutta and seccante1 and forget ,aurora1 ,i shall be charmed4 ,but ,i know that your time is better employed2 so a million of thanks1 and as many regrets not to be able to see your marvels of which ,i hear4--,believe me1 most sincerely your obliged ,serva and ,amica1 ,e4,a4,r4 #b ,,audley ,,square ,,mayfair1 ,w4 ,sunday1 #bfth ,november #ahga4 ,,dear ,,guido 7but not of ,polenta71--,i have been quite mortified at your neglect of me1 and invoked the muses in vain6 and call'd on the ghosts of ,titian and ,raffael1 but they did not heed my sighs6 ,i am always glad to see you1 and wish ,i could see your works6 ,all my cotemporaries and comrades are dying off1 and ,i cannot last long--so come to my ,evenings at ,home when you dine in my ,quartier and are going to your club4 ,alas6 for dear ,henry ,greville6 ,i knew him from his most early youth4 ,both his parents were my early friends from my youth1 and his elder brother my cotemporary4 ,come6 ,benvenuto ,cellini--venite6 ,monday1 ,february #ahgc4 ,leighton's passion for music led him to encourage all that was best in instrumental as well as in vocal performance4 ,the ,monday ,popular ,concerts were started by ,messrs4 ,chappell in #ahei1 the first being given on the #crd ,january4 ,from their commencement ,leighton was a subscriber1 and very rarely missed being present4 ,it was in the 'seventies that ,leighton instituted those yearly feasts of music1 which were among the real treats of the year4#ed ,his dear friend ,joachim was to the end the piece de resistance of these gatherings4 ,never did the ,great ,master seem so inspired as when he played in that studio4 ,leighton wrote to his sister1 ,mrs4 ,matthews1 ,april #ahga3-- ,,dearest ,,gussy1--,you heard1 no doubt1 that ,i gave a party the other day1 and that it went off well4 ,to me perhaps the most striking thing of the evening was ,joachim's playing of ,bach's ,chacone up in my gallery4 ,i was at the other end of the room1 and the effect from the distance of the dark figure in the uncertain light up there1 and barely relieved from the gold background and dark recess1 struck me as one of the most poetic and fascinating things that ,i remember4 ,at the opposite end of the room in the apse was a blazing crimson rhododendron tree1 which looked glorious where it reached up into the golden semi-dome4 ,madame ,viardot sang the ,divinites du ,styx1 from the ,alcestis1 quite magnificently1 and then1 later in the evening1 a composition of her own in which ,i delight--a ,spanish-,arab ditty1 with a sort of intermittent mandoline scraping accompaniment4 ,it is the complaint of some forsaken woman1 and wanders and quavers in a doleful sort of way that calls up to me in a startling manner visions and memories of ,cadiz and ,cordova1 and sunny distant lands that smell of jasmine4 ,a little ,miss ,brandes1 a pupil of ,madame ,schumann1 played too4 ,she is full of talent and promise1 and has had an immense success4 ,mme4 ,joachim sang ,mignon 7,beethoven7 excellently4 ,illustration3 ,sketch executed on the spot by ,mr4 ,theodore ,blake ,wirgman of their ,majesties the ,king and ,queen attending a ,popular ,concert in ,st4 ,james's ,hall1 ,lord ,leighton being one of the ,royal party4 ,about #ahic4 ,mrs4 ,watts ,hughes writes the following notes relating to those years of the 'seventies3-- ,i remember the incident you refer to at ,eton ,college4 ,the ,orfeo performance was given by the ,eton boys1 who had formed a society among themselves with the view of making acquaintance with the music of the great masters4 ,i took the part of ,orfeo1 and a niece of ,darwin's1 ,miss ,wedgwood1 who is now ,lady ,farrer1 sang ,euridice's part4 ,i believe ,lord ,leighton sang in some of the quartettes and choruses4 ,i often met ,lord ,leighton at ,mrs4 ,sartoris' musical gatherings at her house in ,park ,place1 ,st4 ,james'1 when he would sing very heartily the tenor parts of the old madrigals1 in which also ,mrs4 ,douglas ,freshfield1 ,miss ,ritchie1 and others took part with ,mrs4 ,sartoris1 who on some occasions would sing one of her great operatic ,arias which brought her so much fame in her former years4 ,in #ahgg ,leighton began to build the famous ,arab ,hall4#ee ,the following letters from ,sir ,richard ,burton refer to the collecting and sending of one instalment of the precious tiles3-- ,,damascus1 ,march #bb1 #ahga4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,leighton1--,i have just returned from a pilgrimage to ,jerusalem1 or yours of ,april #adth1 #ahga1 would not have remained so long unanswered4 ,and now to business4 ,i am quite as willing to have a house pulled down for you now as when at ,vichy1#ef but the difficulty is to find a house with tiles4 ,the bric-a-brac sellers have quite learned their value1 and demand extravagant sums for poor articles4 ,of course you want good old specimens1 and these are waxing very rare4 ,my friends1 ,drake and ,palmer1 were lucky enough1 when at ,jerusalem1 to nobble a score or so from the so-called ,mosque of ,omar4 ,large stores are there found1 but unhappily under charge of the ,wakf1 and ,i fancy that long payments would be required4 ,however1 ,i shall send your letter to my colleague1 ,moore1 who will do what he can for you4 ,the fact is1 it is a work of patience4 ,my wife and ,i will keep a sharp look-out for you1 and buy up as many as we can find which seem to answer your description4 ,if native inscriptions--white or blue1 for instance--are to be had1 ,i shall secure them1 but not if imperfect4 ,some clearing away of rubbish is expected at ,damascus2 the ,englishman who superintends is a friend of mine1 and ,i shall not neglect to get from him as much as possible4 ,we met ,holman ,hunt at ,jerusalem2 he was looking a little worn1 like a veritable denizen of the ,holy ,city4 ,i hope that you have quite recovered health4 ,swinburne1 the papers say1 has been sick2 his ,songs before ,sunrise show even more genius than ,poems and ,ballads4 ,what has become of ,mrs4 ,sartoris8 ,i saw her son's appointment in the papers4 ,poor ,vichy must be quite ruined--veritably it was a ,cockney hole4 ,syria is a poor ,chili2 the ,libanus is a mole-hill compared with the ,andes--do you remember8 ,i am planning a realistic book which has no ,holy ,land on the brain1 and the public will curse her like our army in ,flanders4 ,pilgrims see everything through a peculiar medium1 and tourists shake hands 7like madmen7 when they sight the ,plain of ,esdraelon or ,sharon1 as the case may be4 ,n4,b4--,both plains are like the poorer parts of our midland counties4 ,my wife joins in kind remembrances4--,ever yours sincerely1 ,,richard ,f4 ,,burton4 ,illustration3 ,,portrait ,,of ,,sir ,,richard ,,burton1 ,k4,c4,m4,g4 #ahgf ,,trieste1 ,july #ac1 #ahgf4 ,,my ,,dear ,,leighton1--,one word to say that the tiles are packed1 and will be sent by the first ,london steamer--opportunities are rare here4 ,some are perfect1 many are broken2 but they will make a bit of mosaic after a little trimming1 and illustrate the difference between ,syriac and ,sindi4 ,they are taken from the tomb 7,moslem7 of ,sakhar1 on the ,indus4 ,i can give you analysis of glaze if you want it2 but ,i fancy you don't care for analyses4 ,the yellow colour is by far the rarest and least durable apparently4 ,the blues are the favourites and the best4 ,here we are living in a typhoon of lies4 ,i am losing patience1 and shall probably bolt to ,belgrade in search of truth4 ,austria is behaving in her usual currish manner1 allowing her policy to be managed by a minority of light-headed1 ,paddy-whack ,magyars and pudding-headed1 beer-brained ,austro-,germans4 ,how all ,europe funks the ,slavs1 and how well the latter are beginning to know it4 ,very grand of la grande ,bretagne to propose occupying ,egypt without any army to speak of4 ,sorry that you don't understand the force of the expression1 the world generally1 but will try some time or other to make it clear4 ,united best regards and wishes4 ,why don't you take a holiday to ,turkey8--,ever yours1 ,r4,f4 ,,burton4 ,p4,s4--,i hear that ,w4 ,wright has subsided into an ,irish conventicle1 and that ,green doesn't like prospect of returning to ,dan6 ,the construction of this thing of beauty1 the ,arab ,hall1 is a visible and permanent proof of the side in ,leighton's artistic endowments which are so rarely found in northern1 or indeed any modern nations1 and the want of which are gradually leading our world into being very ugly--namely1 the sense of the appropriate1 of balance1 of proportion1 and of harmony in the construction and decoration of buildings4 ,as an adherent of the pre-,raphaelites1 ,william ,morris had been battling with this tasteless condition of things for some years--strenuously working to counteract the unmeaning adaptations of foreign designs of all times and of all countries into ,english work1 and the general muddledom into which the decoration in the surroundings of domestic life had fallen1 by starting afresh on the lines of simple good designs of ,english pre-,puritan days4 ,leighton's taste had been inspired1 in the first instance1 by the crafts as well as by the art of ,italy4 ,subsequently1 the ,east had fascinated him4 ,he admired greatly the frank1 courageous beauty in the colouring of the decorations of her buildings2 but1 having an acute sense of the appropriate1 he felt that they would not harmonise successfully with the necessary surroundings of ,english domestic life4 ,he was therefore inspired to erect a special shrine for his collection of enamels4 ,it has been truly said that the ,arab ,hall is as notable a creation in ,art as any of ,leighton's pictures or statues4 ,the beauty of its effect is greatly enhanced by the arrangement of light and shade which leads on to the wonderfully beautiful casket of treasures4 ,monsieur ,choisy1 the distinguished ,french architect1 wrote as follows in the ,times of ,april #bg1 #ahif1 when advocating the preservation of this house for the public3 ,nowhere have ,i found in an architectural monument a happier gradation of effects1 nor a more complete knowledge of the play of light4 ,the entrance to the house is by a plain hall that leads to a 'patio' lit from the sky1 where enamels shine brilliantly in the full light2 from this 'patio' one passes into a twilight corridor1 where enamel and gold detach themselves from an architectural ground of richness somewhat severe2 it is a transition which prepares the eye for a jewel of ,oriental ,art1 where the most brilliant productions of the ,persian potter are set in architectural frame inspired by ,arab ,art1 but treated freely2 the harmony is so perfect that one asks oneself if the architecture has been conceived for the enamels1 or the enamels for the hall4 ,this gradation1 perhaps unique in contemporary architecture1 was ,leighton's idea2 and the illustrious painter found in his old friend ,mr4 ,g4 ,aitchison1 who built his house1 a worthy interpreter of his fine conception4 ,this hall1 where colour is triumphant1 was dear to ,leighton1 and even forms the background to some of his pictures4 ,towards the end of his life he still meant to embellish it by substituting marble for that small part that was only painted4 ,the generous employment of his fortune alone prevented him from realising his intention4 ,england has at all times given the example of honouring great men2 she will1 ,i am sure1 find the means of preserving for ,art a monument of which she has such reason to be proud4#eg ,illustration3 ,,view ,,of ,,arab ,,hall4 #aijf ,,footnotes3 #db ,in the ,leighton ,house ,collection is a splendid study for the wrestling figure of ,heracles1 also for the recumbent ,alcestis1 and the drapery for the phantom figure of ,death4 ,the figure of ,heracles1 fine as it is in the picture1 lacks somewhat of the ardent quality in the action of the sketch4 ,owing to the public-spirited generosity of its owner1 the late ,right ,hon4 ,sir ,bernhard ,samuelson1 this picture has travelled all over the world for exhibition4 ,it was also lent to ,leighton ,house for more than a year in #aija4 #dc ,in the ,leighton ,house ,collection is a head in oils 7presented by the late ,alfred ,waterhouse1 ,r4,a47 which ,leighton painted actually by moonlight in ,rome1 as a study for one of the figures in ,summer ,moon4 ,see ,list of ,illustrations4 #dd ,see study for picture in ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #de ,leighton had a cast made of this1 and his copy is still in the collection in his house4 ,another copy he gave to ,watts1 who admired it beyond measure4 ,watts recounted to me that so preciously did he value it1 that1 not daring to expose it to the danger of housemaids' dusting1 he carefully wrapped it up in handkerchiefs and put it in a drawer4 ,one day1 alas6 forgetting it was there1 in a hurry1 he pulled the bundle of handkerchiefs out2 it fell to the floor and was smashed4 #df ,the ,athenaeum described the work when it appeared4 ,there is the grandeur of ,greek tragedy in ,mr4 ,leighton's ',clytemnestra watching for the signal of her husband's return from ,troy4' ,the time is deep in the fateful night1 while the city sleeps2 moonlight floods the walls1 the roofs1 the gates1 and the towers with a ghastly glare1 which seems presageful1 and casts shadows as dark as they are mysterious and terrible4 ,the dense blue of the sky is dim1 sad1 and ominous4 ,but the most ominous and impressive element of the picture is a grim figure--the tall woman on the palace roof before us1 who looks ,titanic in her stateliness1 and huge beyond humanity in the voluminous white drapery that wraps her limbs and bosom4 ,her hands are clenched and her arms thrust down straight and rigidly1 each finger locked as in a struggle to strangle its fellow2 the muscles swell on the bulky limbs4 ,drawn erect and with set features1 which are so pale that the moonlight could not make them paler1 the queen stares fixedly and yet eagerly into the distance1 as if she had the will to look over the very edge of the world for the light to come4 #dg ,the ,hon4 ,mrs4 ,grenfell4 #dh ,purchased by the trustees of the ,chantrey ,bequest and placed in the ,tate ,gallery4 #di ,leighton gave this group to ,watts1 who expressed to me an unbounded admiration for it4 ,nothing more beautiful has ever been done6 ,pheidias never did anything better4 ,i believe it was better even than ,pheidias6 were the words ,watts used when deploring the fact that he had lent it to a sculptor to be cast--something had gone wrong in the process of casting1 and it had been destroyed4 ,when giving me the modelled sketch for the ,python1 ,watts said1 ,i am giving you the most beautiful thing ,i have in my place4 #ej ,the group of singing girls modelled as a study for ,the ,daphnephoria4 #ea ,see complete list in ,appendix4 #eb ,the ,arts of ,war lunette was commenced in #ahgj and finished in #ahhj4 ,the ,arts of ,peace1 begun in #ahha1 was completed in #ahhf4 ,an account of these two frescoes appeared in the ,magazine of ,art written by ,mr4 ,j4 ,ward1 the master of the ,macclesfield ,school of ,art1 who assisted ,leighton in the work4 #ec ,in a letter from ,mr4 ,j4,g4 ,hodgson1 ,a4,r4,a41 praises are bestowed on this picture and the ,moorish ,garden at the expense of ,clytemnestra and the ,antique ,juggling ,girl4 ,the letter is a good example of the criticisms which ,leighton's serious work often received--that work in which1 nevertheless1 he was most true to himself4 ,the ordinary ,english eye neither longed for nor appreciated ,leighton's native ,hellenic strain4 #e ,,hill ,,road1 ,friday1 ,april #d1 #ahgd4 ,,my ,,dear ,,leighton1--,i was immensely delighted with your two pictures of the ,jew's house and the ,alhambra 7,moorish ,garden3 ,a ,dream of ,granada74 ,i was at the opera last night1 but thought much less of ,crispin and his ,comara than of them2 they are quite charming1 and excite me with the desire of emulation1 at that safe distance which is inherent in the nature of things4 ,for your ,clytemnestra and the other 7,antique ,juggling ,girl71 ,i1 being a ,philister1 care nothing at all4 ,from those to turn to these1 seems like leaving a garden fragrant with roses and citron blossoms1 where ,i hear the murmur of cooling streams1 ,abanah and ,pharpar1 rivers of ,damascus1 to enter a museum filled with dusty plaster casts4 ,after all1 the woes of the house of ,atreus are now of very little importance to mankind1 or interest either4 ,the most of the latter they possess1 is that they serve as themes for some good ,greek play1 which had better have been burnt1 as they have hampered the genius of modern ,europe and taught us nothing4 ,had only ,homer and the lyrics survived1 we should have done better4 ,at all events1 if a man must illustrate1 why does he not illustrate ,shakespeare1 a bigger man head and shoulders than any of the ,greek tragedists8 ,but it appears to me you are made for a much better and more intellectual purpose than illustrating anybody4 ,you have the eye to see and power to represent what you see4 ,you have special gifts and faculties highly trained4 ,the aspect of nature1 as it appears to such a mind1 would be of the highest intellectual value to us1 and would lead to progress4 ,i don't think modern art differs from that of any other day4 ,it has always been the effort to represent what is seen every day1 bringing to bear upon the representation the greatest possible amount of culture1 i4e4 of reflection and selection4 ,the women and that dear little girl in the courtyard of your ,jew's house will outlive all the ,clytemnestras1 c42 they live with blood in their veins1 the others are but galvanised corpses4 ,there ,i have had it out2 you must not complain1 because you have had to apologise for slashing into me1 and now it is my turn4 ,in the prologue to ,goethe's ,faust1 if you remember1 the poet1 a stubborn fellow1 has his notions of the high aim of his art4 ,he will do nothing but what is extremely sublime1 c4 ,the clown quite agrees that such things may possibly do for the future1 but who1 says he1 is to amuse the present8 ,i am that sort of clown1 ,i suppose4 ,don't be riled1 and believe me1--,very much your admiring friend1 ,j4,g4 ,,hodgson4 #ed ,mr4 ,william ,spottiswoode wrote of one of these3-- ,,dear ,,leighton1--,best of thanks from ,mrs4 ,spottiswoode and myself for another of the happiest day-dreams of the year1 viz4 your afternoons at home4 #ee ,mr4 ,aitchison1 ,r4,a41 wrote3 ,during his visits to ,rhodes1 to ,cairo1 and ,damascus1 he made a large collection of lovely ,saracenic tiles1 and had besides bought two inscriptions1 one of the most delicate colour and beautiful design1 and the other sixteen feet long and strikingly magnificent1 besides getting some panels1 stained glass1 and lattice-work from ,damascus afterwards2 these were fitted into an ,arab ,hall1 something like ,la ,zira at ,palermo1 in #ahgg4 ,the ,arab ,hall was begun ,november #ahgg1 virtually completed by the end of #ahgi1 but some small matters not till #ahha4 ,materials--,bastard statuary1 i4e4 the marble columns in the angle recesses4 ,these caps are of alabaster1 designed by ,george ,aitchison1 ,r4,a41 and modelled by ,sir ,e4 ,boehm4 ,the large columns are of ,caserta marble1 caps of stone1 birds modelled by ,caldecott2 column niches lined with ,devonshire spar2 dado1 ,irish black2 string1 ,irish green1 and bases of small columns4 ,those of the large columns are of ,genoa green and ,belgian blue2 the marble lining behind big columns is of ,pyrennean green1 and the panel overhead2 the lintel of ,irish red4 ,the marble work was done by ,white ,son1 ,vauxhall ,bridge ,road4 ,mosaic floor1 designed by ,george ,aitchison1 ,r4,a42 executed by ,messrs4 ,burke ,co41 who replaced fountain of white marble with the single slab of ,belgian black4 ,chandelier1 designed by ,g4,a4 ,aitchison1 ,r4,a41 executed by ,forrest ,son1 now extinct4 ,the lattices to the lower part of the gallery designed by ,george ,aitchison1 ,r4,a4 ,sir ,caspar ,p4 ,clarke wrote3 ,i was commissioned in #ahgf1 by the authorities at ,south ,kensington1 to proceed to the ,east to buy artistic objects for the ,museum4 ,before ,i started ,leighton asked me1 if ,i went to ,damascus1 to go to certain houses and try to effect the purchase of certain tiles4 ,i had no difficulty in finding my market1 for ,leighton1 with his customary precision1 had accurately indicated every point about the dwellings concerned1 and their treasures4 ,i returned with a precious load1 and in it some large family tiles1 the two finest of which are built into the sides of the alcove of the ,arab ,hall4 ,leighton made no difficulty about the price1 and insisted upon paying double what ,i had given4 ,he never spoke of picking things up cheap1 and scouted the idea of 'bargains in ,art objects4' #ef ,leighton1 ,sir ,richard ,burton1 ,algernon ,swinburne1 and ,adelaide ,sartoris passed some weeks together at ,vichy in ,september #ahfi4 ,swinburne wrote in #ahge3 ,we all owe so much to ,leighton for the selection and intention of his subjects--always noble1 always beautiful--and these are always worthy of a great and grave art4--,essays and ,studies1 ,a4,c4 ,swinburne4 #eg ,letters from ,lord and ,lady ,strangford to ,leighton exist on matters concerning the ,east1 on which both were great authorities4 ,will you accept1 ,lady ,strangford wrote1 as a token of my admiration of your house1 a piece of ancient ,persian needlework8 ,it is really old1 and it is said that they no longer do anything of the kind in ,persia1 and that these pieces are valuable4 ,i do not know if this is true or not1 but if you like the thing1 please use it among the many treasures you have already accumulated4 ,it is to my eyes a nice bit of harmonious colouring4 ,let it say to you how much1 how very much1 ,i enjoyed your sketches4--,yours very truly1 ,e4,a4 ,,strangford4 ,p4,s4--,i bought the work from a ,persian at ,antioch4 ,to ,professor ,church ,mr4 ,aitchison wrote after ,leighton's death3 ,i cannot urge the preservation of his home and surroundings1 as ,i built the house1 for there are always too many to attribute low motives to everybody1 and it would be called personal advertisement2 though when one's work is done it becomes almost impersonal1 and if it did not1 the fact remains the same1 that here he 7,leighton7 lived and drew part of his culture and inspiration from his surroundings4 ,as a mere matter of reverence1 how many would come from all parts of the civilised world to see his abode6 ,illustration3 ,,professor ,,giovanni ,,costa ,painted at ,lerici1 ,october #ahgh ,,chapter ,v ,,leighton ,,as ,,president ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,academy #ahgh-ahif ,leighton was at ,lerici in the autumn of #ahgh1 visiting his dear old friend ,giovanni ,costa 7an artist in a hundred--a man in ten thousand1 were ,leighton's words describing him71 when he received a telegram stating that ,sir ,francis ,grant was dead4 ,the ,president is dead6 ,long live the ,president6 exclaimed ,costa4 ,leighton remained in ,italy1 sketching landscapes and painting heads--one1 the portrait of ,costa--till his holiday was over1 the end of ,october4 ,on the #ahth of ,november he was elected ,president of the ,royal ,academy4 ,thirty-five ,academicians voted for ,leighton1 five for ,mr4 ,horsley4 ,leighton wrote to his younger sister3-- #ahgh4 ,,dearest ,,gussy1--,you perhaps have heard from ,lina that ,i had an overwhelming majority1 and that the outer world beyond artistic has warmly received my election1 which is of course infinitely gratifying1 but fills me with a dread of disappointing everybody4 ,monday ,i go to ,windsor to be knighted4 ,yes1 ,i got a first-class gold medal for my statue#eh--;at least1 it was awarded1 and ,i shall get it some time4 ,i also don't mind telling you in strict confidence--because it is not yet a fait accompli--that ,i am1 ,i believe1 to have the ruban of an ,officier de la ,legion d',honneur4 ,i am so glad1 dear1 your wrists are better--may they keep so4 ,love to old ,joseph 7,joseph ,joachim7 when you see him4 ,most treasured of all congratulations were doubtless these lines from his beloved master1 ,steinle3-- ,translation4 ,,frankfurt ,,am ,,main1 ,december #a1 #ahgh4 ,,dear ,,and ,,honoured ,,friend1--,to-day ,i have read in the paper that the choice of ,president of the ,royal ,academy has fallen upon you1 and since ,i am convinced that this distinguished position is both appropriate to your services to art1 and also certainly well merited1 you must permit an old friend1 who remains bound to you in love only1 to offer you his dearest and warmest good wishes upon this honour4 ,i pray ,god1 that your position may provide you with great power in your country for good so as to enable you to encourage the noblest things in art4 ,i am convinced that you1 dear friend1 will make a right and fruitful use of it4 ,i often set my pupils to make enlarged drawings of single groups from your medieval ,equipment for the ,defence of the ,town1#ei and rejoice in the admirable studies which you made for that cartoon4 ,i1 dear friend1 am in my old age still active and industrious1 and would gladly go on learning4 ,should ,god grant life1 ,i shall next year complete my work on the ,strassburg master1 which will demand all my love and strength4 ,here we have now built a new gallery1 on the other side of the river ,main1 and a new studio4 ,the collections are good1 and more suitably accommodated than heretofore1 and there is no want of space for future additions4 ,perhaps one of your journeys will bring you again to the old ,main town1 and so to the arms of your old friend4 ,my dear ,president1 ,i repeat my good wishes1 and remain with all my heart1 your truly devoted1 ,,edw4 ,,steinle4 ,from his birthplace ,leighton received the following announcement3-- ,,borough ,,of ,,scarborough4 ,at a meeting of the ,council of the ,borough of ,scarborough1 in the ,county of ,york1 held in the ,town ,hall in the said ,borough1 on ,monday the ninth day of ,december1 #ahgh1-- ,present1-- ,,the ,,mayor 7,w4,c4 ,,land1 ,esq47 in the chair1-- ,it was moved by the ,mayor1 seconded by ,alderman ,woodall1 and resolved unanimously3 ,that this ,council learns with peculiar satisfaction and pleasure of the election of a native of ,scarborough1 in the person of ,,sir ,,frederic ,,leighton1 to the ,presidency of the ,royal ,academy1 and respectfully offers to ,sir ,frederic its warm congratulations1 and records its conviction that his great talents as an artist1 his attainments as a scholar1 and his many striking qualifications1 eminently fit him to adorn the high position to which he has been called4 ,w4,c4 ,,land1 ,mayor4 ,robert ,browning wrote3-- #ai ,,warwick ,,crescent1 ,w41 ,november #ad1 #ahgh4 ,,dear ,,leighton1--,i wish you joy with all my heart1 and congratulate us all on your election4 ,there ought to have been no sort of doubt as to the result1 but the best of us are misconceived sometimes1 though in your case never was a right more incontestable4 ,all ,i hope is that your new duties will in no way interfere with the practice of your ,art4 ,i only venture to write1 now1 as one who1 so many a year ago1 saw your beginning with ,cimabue1 and from that time to this remained confident what your career would be4 ,but you know all this1 and it requires no answer1 being rather a spurt of satisfaction at my own original discernment than any assurance which ,i can fancy you need from1--,yours very truly1 ,,robert ,,browning4 ,pen's letter to me1 two days since1 contained his earnest wishes for what has just happened1 and he will be delighted accordingly4 ,from ,matthew ,arnold3-- ,,athenaeum ,,club1 ,,pall ,,mall1 ,s4,w41 ,november #ae4 ,,my ,,dear ,,leighton1--,one line 7which you need not answer7 to say how delighted ,i am to see what an excellent choice the ,royal ,academy has made4 ,i only hope poor ,o',conor may not take advantage of the occasion to plant an ode and a letter4--,ever sincerely yours1 ,,matthew ,,arnold4 ,from ,hubert ,herkomer3-- ,november #bg1 #ahgh4 ,,my ,,dear ,,sir ,,frederic ,,leighton1--,i am just recovering from an attack of brain fever1 and although ,i am not allowed yet to write1 ,i can no longer wait without dictating a letter to express my own individual pleasure at your being the new ,president4 ,three years ago you wrote me a letter after seeing my ,chelsea ,pensioners4 ,perhaps you little dreamt of the tears of joy that that letter caused in a young painter1 who will always feel that he owes you a debt of gratitude2 and now he glories in your being the chief of that body which attracts to it all the principal art of the country4 ,all ,england feels that you1 from your new position1 will give new life to it4 ,perhaps you will allow me1 when ,i am sufficiently recovered1 to come and see you4 ,in the meantime believe me to be1 with most heartfelt congratulations1--,sincerely yours1 ,a4,h41 pro ,,hubert ,,herkomer4 ,,sir ,,frederic ,,leighton1 ,p4,r4,a4 ,a friend writes3-- ,november #ae4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,leighton1--,i have tried to keep silence1 telling myself that it cannot matter what ,i think or feel on the subject 7and that it may seem to you a very unnecessary proceeding672 but ,i cannot resist the temptation to tell you how warmly ,i rejoice1 and how earnestly ,i congratulate myself and all other hungerers after wholesome beauty of colour and form1 and high ideals of greatness and purity1 on your acceptance of a position that one may hope will1 nay must1 influence the ,art of this time for good in every sense4 ,one takes a great breath of relief as one thinks of it6 ,were ,i to describe to you the effect your works produce on me1 and the feeling of real reverence ,i have for them1 ,i should appear to exaggerate1 and should certainly bore you1 so ,i will say no more6 and ,i am not given to that sort of thing4 ,my beloved ,lady ,waterford was much disappointed that you could not come and meet her2 ,i need not say1 so were we3 it was a great enjoyment to have her1 she is like no one else2 and ,i yet hope you may come and meet here some day4 ,pray do not answer this2 of course you are overwhelmed with business1 and it would hurt me to have it considered and acknowledged as a complimentary civility6 whereas it is nothing but an involuntary overflowing to relieve my mind4 ,from ,lord ,coleridge3-- #a ,,sussex ,,square1 ,w41 ,november #bd1 #ahgh4 ,,my ,,dear ,,leighton1--,let me add one voice more1 small but true1 to the great chorus of applause with which your election has been greeted4 ,it might seem left-handed praise to say that your election was the only possible one2 but it is very true praise to say it was the only possible one if the highest interests of ,english ,art1 and of the ,academy itself1 were the sole object of the electors4 ,it would have pleased and touched you to hear old ,boxall speak of it4 ,i dined with him alone on ,friday1 and he was just and generous1 as he always is1 in his appreciation of you1 and looked forward to your reign as likely to be one of high aims and noble motives4 ,it is a small thing to say1 but ,i venture to agree with him4--,ever sincerely yours1 ,,coleridge4 ,these are a few among many hundred congratulatory letters ,leighton received on his election4 ,one from ,mrs4 ,fanny ,kemble he answered in the following ,march1 when already he was beset by requests to use his influence to get friends' friends' work hung on the walls of the ,academy3-- ,march #bj1 #ahgi4 ,,dear ,,mrs4 ,,kemble1--,many thanks for your very amiable words of congratulations on the honour done me by the ,royal ,academy4 ,the kind sympathy shown towards me by my friends had added very greatly indeed to the pleasure my election gave me4 ,the belief entertained by ,miss ---- that the admission of works to an exhibition is a simple matter of personal favour1 is shared by all foreigners--and ,i fear by many ,english people--and places me at this time of year in much and often painful embarrassment4 ,so robust is this belief1 that those who1 having applied to me1 fail to find their works on our walls ascribe their absence to personal unfriendliness or discourtesy on my part1 or1 to say the least1 to lukewarmness4 ,as a matter of fact each work of art is admitted or rejected by a separate vote of the ,council1 and that in complete ignorance 7except where authorship saute aux yeux7 of the artist's name4 ,this applies equally to ,english painters and foreign artists who reside here4 ,in regard1 however1 to foreigners sending from abroad1 whilst the vote is taken in the same way1 admission is much more difficult4 ,we have so many ,anglo-foreign painters who live amongst us that1 our ,exhibition not being international1 we can only admit a very limited number of really prize works4 ,these works are therefore brought before us separately1 and a small number of them selected1 according to the space we have to deal with2 ,i myself as a rule dissuade my foreign friends from sending except in cases where their merit is really very great2 this may be ,miss ---- case2 you will best know4 ,i am quite sure1 my dear ,mrs4 ,kemble1 that you do not doubt the pleasure it would give me to serve you in the person of your friend1 and will not misinterpret these lengthy explanations4 ,and now ,i have a favour to ask of you4 ,on ,wednesday the #bfth1 at #c o'clock in the afternoon1 ,joe will1 ,i hope1 play at my studio1 and with him ,miss ,janotha and ,piatti2 ,henschel will1 ,i hope1 sing4 ,will you give me the great pleasure of seeing you amongst my friends on that occasion8--,believe me always1 yours very truly1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,on ,december #aj1 #ahgi1 ,leighton delivered his first address to the students of the ,royal ,academy--one of the finest of the many fine achievements of ,leighton's life4 ,purely practical and technical matters he put aside to look into a wider and deeper question1 that of the position of ,art in its relation to the world at large in the present and in the past time1 in order to gather something of its prospects in the future4 ,if the question why ,leighton held indisputably the great position he did were asked me by one who for a first time had heard his name1 ,i should be inclined to answer1 ,because he contained within him the combined powers to execute completely the art which he created1 and to think out and feel such profound1 sympathetic1 and wise truths as those to be found in this address4#fj ,among the large number of appreciative letters ,leighton received were the following4 ,millais wrote3-- #b ,,palace ,,gate1 ,,kensington1 ,december #aa1 #ahgi4 ,,dear ,,leighton1--,i was suffering all yesterday with tooth-ache1 otherwise ,i would have attended the distribution last night4 ,the ceremony is always most interesting to me1 awakening as it does many anxious and happy recollections4 ,my object in writing to you is to say ,i have read your address1 which ,i think so beautiful1 true1 and useful that ,i cannot but obey an impulse of congratulating you upon it4 ,for some time past ,i have been putting down notes on ,art which some day may be put into form1 and ,i find we are thinking precisely in the same way4 ,i have used identical words in what ,i have written to those you delivered yesterday4 ,the exponents of ,art surround it in such a cloud of mystery that it is a real gain when a practical authority is able to say something definite and clear the way4--,yours sincerely1 ,j4,e4 ,,millais4 ,his poet-friend wrote3-- ,,woodberrie1 ,,loughton1 ,,essex1 ,december #aa1 #ahhc4 ,,my ,,dear ,,sir ,,frederic1--,have any of the multitude of men who love you ever called you ,chrysostom8 ,it seems so natural after reading yesterday's address4 ,will it be published by itself and obtainable in some handier form than the broadsheet of the ,times8 ,i want it as part of the education of my daughter1 who now1 at sixteen1 is beginning to take a new interest in whatsoever things are lovely and of good report1 and ,i want it for myself1 for in its lovely suggestiveness and exquisite ,english ,i could often find refreshment when ,i wanted 7and needed7 to travel in the realms of gold1 and forget my own invalided personality under the magic of such guidance4 ,my wife desires me to say a word of gracious remembrance to you1 and ,i am ever1 faithfully yours1 ,,robin ,,allen4 ,mr4 ,briton ,riviere3 ,,flaxley1 #hb ,,finchley ,,road1 ,n4,w41 ,december #aa1 #ahgi4 ,,dear ,,sir ,,frederic1--,after hearing your admirable address last night1 ,i came home in despair1 for what little basis of thought is contained in my lectures 7more especially in the second one7 is built chiefly upon two or three of the lines of argument that you have already expressed so beautifully3 ,sincerity in the student--,the effect of his own time upon him--,that time in its relation to the time of the ,old ,masters1 and the temper of mind in which the ,old ,masters should be studied2 on these points my lectures are but a feeble echo of what ,i heard last night4 ,my first thought was to change my whole line of battle1 and re-write them1 but the extreme limitation of my powers of work would make this too great a sacrifice4 ,to throw them up altogether1 which ,i should much like1 is impossible1 for ,i am pledged to the ,academy to do my best4 ,clearly1 ,i must go on1 but ,i shall do so more easily now that ,i have explained my position1 so that if any one who hears me should tell you that my lectures were only a parody of what you had already said so well1 you will believe that it has been the misfortune and not the fault of yours very truly1 ,,briton ,,riviere4 ,don't trouble to answer this4 ,matthew ,arnold3-- ,,athenaeum ,,club1 ,,pall ,,mall1 ,april #ai1 #ahhj4 ,,my ,,dear ,,leighton1--,you have been better than your word1 for ,i see you have made me the actual possessor of your address4 ,from the glance ,i have already taken at it1 ,i see that ,i shall both like it and you with it2 but of this ,i might have been sure beforehand4 ,a thousand thanks1 and believe me1 always sincerely yours1 ,,matthew ,,arnold4 ,the scheme ,leighton formed1 when first considering the duty among all others he undertook1#fa of addressing the students at the biennial meetings1 was begun and continued in the nine addresses he gave1 but unfortunately it could not be completed1 a fact he sorely regretted when discussing the question with me three months before his death4 ,on ,december #aj1 #ahgi1 ,the position of ,art in the ,world was the subject4 ,in #ahha1 ,relation of ,art to ,time1 ,place1 and ,racial ,conditions2 ,underlying ,mystery of its ,growth and ,decay4 ,in #ahhe1 ,summary of ,foregoing ,lecture4 ,in #ahhg1 ,art in ,mediaeval and ,modern ,italy4 ,in #ahhi1 ,relation of ,artistic ,production to ,surrounding ,conditions considered in reference to ,spain4 ,in #ahia1 ,the ,art of ,france3 its uninterrupted development2 its wide field2 eminent achievement in ,architecture2 the ,gothic style4 ,in #ahic1 ,the ,art of ,germany3 its high qualities2 deficient ,a,esthetic ,inspiration4 ,the tenth was to have consisted1 ,leighton told me1 in a summing up of the nine former addresses1 in order to prove how they had affected the past and present condition of ,art in ,england4 ,to any thoughtful artist these utterances1 delivered by so great and accomplished an authority1 cannot fail to prove profoundly interesting and invaluable as references1 on account of the sound knowledge and the absolutely reliable quality of the facts given2 but it may be doubted whether the more informative matter1 contained in the six later lectures1 suited ,leighton's style of oratory so happily as did the more abstract quality of the three first4 ,there appeared to be too many names crowded into the comparatively short time which ,leighton allotted to himself for the delivery of these discourses1 for the normal taking-in power of an audience2 the very finished rhetoric1 moreover1 in which the enormous amount of information contained in each was disclosed1 did not seem quite appropriate to their condensed form4 ,in conversation ,i have heard ,leighton far more convincing1 on the same subjects as those he treated in the last six discourses4 ,the same intense sense of the duty he felt to do the thing as completely as it was possible1 which he evinced in painting1 cropped up again in his oratory1 no less than the intense modesty--which would not recognise how great he could be if he relaxed all effort1 and was simply himself4 ,mr4 ,briton ,riviere1 in the notes he furnishes for this book1 writes3-- ,those perhaps sometimes too perfectly built-up sentences1 of which his admirable addresses and speeches were formed1 were the outcome of this same quality of mind4 ,one of his most intimate friends1 when we were talking about the mental strain occasioned by these1 once said to me3 ',leighton would never get over a slight lapse of grammar1' and ,i can believe it4 ,the accidental was hateful to him when considered in reference to his own work of any kind1 though probably no one knew better than he did its value in a work of art2 but1 as ,watts deplored1 he never would use it or admit it into his own pictures4 ,this quality and its strain upon him was illustrated by an accident which occurred at his last ,r4,a4 ,banquet speech1 the last he ever made1 and which gained immensely from the fact that in one place he forgot for a moment the next sentence1 and came to a pause 7as he told me afterwards71 in fear that he had broken down altogether2 but his suspense1 painful as it must have been to him1 looked perfectly natural and spontaneous1 and gave to his speech that touch of something which his better remembered periods did not express so well4 ,this system of speaking entirely from memory added much to the constant strain of his ,academy work4 ,he had what he called a 'topical memory1' viz4 he remembered the place of each word in his written speech and used to read it off in the air with never-failing accuracy1 but did so always with the belief that a forgotten sentence would shipwreck the whole4 ,if he would have been content now and then to lapse from this high pitch of the accuracy he aimed at in all his work1 few could have reached a safer or higher standard spontaneously1 as he proved in the ,royal ,academy1 ,general ,assembly1 and ,council meetings1 when he never failed to speak admirably on the spur of the moment2 and his summing up of a debate there on any subject was invariably marked by the same elegance and cleverness as his prepared speeches1 but with more vitality and flexibility1 which1 however1 never led him into anything that was not almost fastidiously exact and precise4 ,i have always felt that no one who had heard only his elaborately prepared speeches knew his real power as a speaker4 ,there rang out perhaps1 at times1 just a note reminding one of the ,german pedant in these discourses--a note singularly discordant when sounding together with an ornate diction2 but this was only heard when ,leighton was not deeply moved by his subject2 when1 on the other hand1 the not over-tutored1 bigger instinctive self had full sway1 as1 in the subjects he chose for the first three discourses1 the glowing style harmonised most rightly as the appropriate language for the earnest and lofty feeling in the thought4 ,if1 as suggested above1 it is only facts and information of an historical character which words have to convey1 much eloquence and an ornate style seems inappropriate4 ,each mood is obviously best expressed when the style is adjusted to it by an intuitive instinct4 ,leighton1 though possessing abnormally flexible and subtle aesthetic instincts when he allowed himself to be his natural self1 seemed at times to force himself into a theoretic rigidity when he was at his lessons4 ,and all his official duties he viewed as lessons1 which1 after he left his easel1 it was his first duty in life to learn to perform as correctly as he could4 ,but whatever criticisms may be made on the style of the later discourses1 students desiring to possess something more than a merely provincial knowledge of the special power of the magnates in whose work culminates the great ,art of the world1 should surely not neglect to possess themselves of the wisdom to be acquired from these discourses4 ,throughout their pages are to be found most suggestive passages1 inspiring new thoughts and1 to any but experts1 new facts on vitally interesting art matters4 ,for instance1 take the description of ,velasquez3-- ,for a long period ,italian painting did not cease to enjoy the favour of the ,court2 it ceased1 however1 towards the beginning of the seventeenth century to exercise that paralysing influence which had marked its first advent1 and the ground was cleared for a new impulse from within4 ,at this conjuncture a man of commanding genius and fearless initiative was given to ,spain in the person of ,diego ,velasquez4 ,it may perhaps have surprised you that with such a name before my mind ,i should have spoken of ,zurbaran1 a man so vastly his inferior in the painter's gift1 as perhaps the most representative of ,spanish artists4 ,i have done so because beyond any other artist he sums up in himself1 as ,i have pointed out to you1 all the complex elements of the ,spanish genius4 ,in ,velasquez1 ,spanish as he is to the finger-tips1 this comprehensiveness is not found4 ,of ,velasquez all was ,spanish1 but ,zurbaran was all ,spain4 ,viewed simply as a painter1 the great ,sevillian was1 as ,i have just said1 vastly the superior of the ,estremeno4 ,he was in more intimate touch with ,nature1 and none1 perhaps1 have equalled the swift magic of his brush4 ,on the other hand1 depth of feeling1 poetry1 imagination were refused to him4 ,the painter of the ',lanzas1' the ',hilanderas1' the ',meninas'--works in their kind unapproached in ,art by any other man--painted also1 be it remembered1 the ',coronation of the ,virgin' and the ',mars' of the ,madrid ,gallery--types of prosaic treatment4 ,in one work1 indeed1 ,religion seems for a moment to have winged his pencil2 but striking and pathetic as is his famous ',crucifixion1' it does not equal in poignancy and imaginative grasp the presentment of the same subject by ,zurbaran in ,seville4 ,but if we miss in ,velasquez the higher gifts of the imagination1 we find him also free from all those blemishes of extravagance which we have so often noted in this land of powerful impulses unrestrained by tact4 ,whatever gifts may have been refused to ,velasquez1 in his grave simplicity he is unsurpassed4 ,if fancy seldom lifts him above the level of intimate daily things1 neither does she obstruct for him with purple wings the white light of sober truth4 ,in days in which the young ,herrera could find favour2 in a country in which ,churriguera was possible1 and euphuism was applauded1 he never overstepped the modesty of ,nature1 nor forgot in ,art the value of reticent control4 ,i have not here to follow his career1 nor the evolution of his unique and dazzling genius4 ,still less need ,i1 before young artists of the present day1 dwell on the wizardry and the luscious fascination of the brush of this most modern of the old masters4 ,i will only1 in conclusion1 touch briefly on one or two points that are of interest1 and one that is1 perhaps1 of warning4 ,first1 ,i would notice the purity and decorum of his art2 a decorum not1 ,i think1 due to the characteristically ,spanish laws under which the ,inquisition visited with heavy penalties every semblance even of impurity in a work of art1 but to a spirit dwelling in the people itself1 of which those laws were but the somewhat exaggerated expression4 ,it may be worth while also to note that yet another virtue of the ,spaniards is1 in one of his works1 reflected in an unexpected manner1 namely1 their sobriety4 ,it is a curious thing that in a certain class of ,spanish literature a peculiar relish is shown for the portraying of moral squalor and the grovelling criminality of social outcasts4 ,in ,spanish ,art1 on the other hand1 the picturesqueness alone of low life seems to have sought expression4 ,you know what gentle ,murillo made of his melon-eating beggar boys4 ,again1 you saw not long ago upon these walls1 in the ',water-,carrier of ,seville1' how at the outset of his career ,velasquez turned his thoughts to subjects drawn from humble life1 and you know how to the end he dwelt with peculiar gusto on the fantastic physiognomy of the privileged buffoons1 dwarfs1 and hombres de placer who haunted the ,palace in his day4 ,you know further that one of the most powerful works painted by him before reality of atmospheric effect had become his chief preoccupation1 and when he sought exclusively after truth of character1 a picture known as ',los ,borrachos1' represents a group of drunkards doing homage to ,bacchus4 ,it is a work of the most naked realism4 ,bacchus 7,dionysos671 showing his repulsive vulgarity 7what a blank to ,velasquez was the poetic side of classic myths71 is surrounded by a circle of kneeling rascals1 rude and ragged enough1 and supposed1 no doubt1 to be carousing2 but here is the strange peculiarity of this work--in spite of all the accessories of a revel1 and the flash of grinning teeth1 we are unable to persuade ourselves that any one of the disreputable crew could ever be drunk4 ,imagine the subject treated by a ,fleming4 ,and now1 though ,i am loth to touch one leaf of the laurels of so dazzling and so great an artist1 ,i cannot pass in silence a circumstance which must be weighed in estimating ,velasquez as a man1 and which is not without bearing on his art4 ,the virtues of his race1 as we have seen1 purified his work and gave it dignity2 a ,spanish foible1 though it could not dim his genius1 cramped1 no doubt1 and curtailed its production--namely1 a tendency to subordinate everything to the pursuit of royal favour4 ,i said a ,spanish foible2 for a superstitious rendering up of will and conscience to the sovereign1 such as is1 ,i believe1 without example1 had long been a growing characteristic of the ,spaniard4 ,on a memorable occasion ,gonzalo de ,cordoba himself1 one of the noblest figures recorded in ,spanish history--a man of a mind so fearless that he was bold to rebuke ,pope ,borgia himself face to face in the ,vatican for the scandals of his life--did not scruple to break1 in deference to what he considered this higher duty of obedience to his king1 his solemn pledge and oath to the unfortunate young ,duke of ,calabria4 ,so all but divine did majesty appear to the ,spaniards1 that divinity and majesty became almost as one in their eyes1 and they spoke1 in all solemnity1 as ',su ,majestad1' not only of the ,divine persons of the ,trinity1 but also of the sacrificial wafer4 ,the prevalence of this feeling must plead to some extent in mitigation of the tenacity with which ,velasquez canvassed--with success1 alas6--to obtain at ,court a post of an onerous and wholly prosaic character--the office of ',aposentador ,mayor1' a sort of purveyor and quartermaster1 who1 when his ,majesty moved from one place to another1 had to convey1 to house1 to feed1 not the sovereign only1 but all his suite4 ,a post demanding all his attention1 says ,polomino1 who goes on to deplore that this exalted office 7which he has just told us any one could fill7 should have deprived the world of so many samples of the painter's genius4 ,we shall agree with our sententious friend1 not1 perhaps1 in the satisfaction he derived from the honour conferred1 as he imagines1 on his calling1 but in his sorrow over the loss we have sustained6 ,and in the sight of canvases in which the execution of a sketch is carried out on the full scale of life we shall at once bow before the product of a splendid genius1 and regret the signs of haste1 the evidence of too scanty leisure1 by which its expression has been marred4 ,truly it has been said1 ',art requires the whole man4'#fb ,again1 the seventh discourse is replete with inspiring suggestions about ,french architecture1#fc and in the last discourse the description of ,albert ,duerer is one which1 in a few lines1 gives a complete and vividly interesting setting to the great name4 ,albert ,duerer may be regarded as par excellence the typical ,german artist--far more so than his great contemporary ,holbein4 ,he was a man of a strong and upright nature1 bent on pure and high ideals2 a man ever seeking1 if ,i may use his own characteristic expression1 to make known through his work the mysterious treasure that was laid up in his heart2 he was a thinker1 a theorist1 and1 as you know1 a writer2 like many of the great artists of the ,renaissance1 he was steeped also in the love of science4 ,his work was in his own image2 it was1 like nearly all ,german art1 primarily ethic in its complexion2 like all ,german art it bore traces of foreign influence--drawn1 in his case1 first from ,flanders and later from ,italy4 ,in his work1 as in all ,german art1 the national character asserted itself above every trammel of external influence4 ,superbly inexhaustible as a designer1 as a draughtsman he was powerful1 thorough1 and minute to a marvel1 but never without a certain almost caligraphic mannerism of hand1 wanting in spontaneous simplicity--never broadly serene4 ,in his colour he was rich and vivid1 not always unerring as to his harmonies1 not alluring in his execution--withal a giant4 ,when the last addresses were given ,leighton was getting very tired4 ,the wheels were running down--vitality was waning4 ,the great mental machine had begun to work more mechanically4 ,we trace this in the manner in which he tackled his last discourse4 ,while writing it at ,perugia he wrote to his elder sister3-- ,,perugia1 ,thursday1 ,october #ab1 #ahic4 ,you have misconstrued my knee2 ,i have no pain in it1 at most occasionally a dull ache in the muscles and a slight soreness in the joint2 but it is an incapacitating and depressing nuisance1 and it won't move on4 7,i am writing near a window opening on to a clear1 star-bright sky2 far below1 in the paese1 ,i hear the tinkle of a wandering1 nocturnal mandoline--how ,i like it67 ,you do me the honour to appreciate my having1 during my recent precipitate odyssey1 visited thirty towns in thirty days1 noting things of which ,i had already accurate knowledge d'avance2 but ,i can go one better than that3 ten of the towns were absolutely new to me1 and of the whole subject on which ,i am preaching1 ,i knew as good as nothing when you last saw me4 ,i suspect that1 in spite of a lack of memory which baffles belief1 ,i have a certain uptaking knack4 ,my preachment will bore you1 but you will 7if you read it7 detect an ensemble2 but1 for goodness' sake1 zitti6 ,they'll think1 when they hear the ,p4,r4,a41 that1 ,lor' bless him6 he'd known it all his life4 ,nevertheless1 enough for the day1 c4 ,best love to ,gussy4--,affect4 bro41 ,,fred4 ,i remember--when my husband and ,i were sitting with him one afternoon after his return home that autumn--his saying1 ,i feel distinctly ,i have dropped one step down off of the ladder1 and it was truly about that time that his doctor1 ,doctor ,roberts1 discerned the beginning of the disease which proved fatal4 ,already in #ahhh he wrote3-- ,the reasons which have now for a good many years impelled me to decline any 'public utterances' outside ,burlington ,house have increased in weight and force as life and strength wanes1 and as demands on me grow in every direction4 ,i am sometimes asked to speak in public1 not only in ,london1 but all over the country1 and in all cases the demand is grounded on strong claims in so far as ,i am an 'official' artist4 ,assent once is assent always--assent in half the cases would mean the gravest injury to my work1 and ,i am a workman first and an official afterwards4 ,things have their humorous side1 for those who press me most are sometimes those who on other occasions most earnestly assure me that ,i 'do too much4' ,how tired ,i am of hearing it4 ,the speeches at the yearly banquets of the ,royal ,academy were extraordinary tours de force4 ,wherever ,leighton took the lead--and he was seldom anywhere when he did not take the lead1#fd--;he raised the tone of the proceedings1 and convinced the outside world1 no less than those taking a part in them1 that the matter in hand was important and essentially worth doing4 ,personally ,i have always felt that the finished form of ,leighton's diction tended rather to hide than to explain the real nature of the power which had this vitalising1 elevating influence4 ,this influence emanated1 ,i believe1 from the greatness of his magnificent intellect 7to use ,watts' words7 being united with extraordinary will-force invariably employed in the service of the principles in which he had a profound faith4 ,it was his persistent loyalty to these principles--backed by this abnormal will-force1 giving it extra weight--which lifted ,leighton's work in all directions on to so distinguished a level--and not--in the case of his speeches--his rounded periods1 or his power over words1 or his gift of facility in grasping a subject1 though the ,banquet speeches are also remarkable on account of the versatility he displayed in grasping many subjects from the point of view of the expert4 ,whether it was the ,army1 the ,navy1 ,politics1 ,music--whatever1 in fact1 was the affair of the moment1 he proposed the toast from what might be called the inside of the question1 not merely treating his text as a matter of form4#fe ,on asking ,gladstone to the ,banquet of #ahhj1 ,leighton received the following characteristic answer3-- ,,my ,,dear ,,president1--,i have received your letter with mixed feelings4 ,you do me great honour1 and ,i must obey you4 ,but ,i long for the return of the good old times1 lying within the long range of my memory1 when the dinners of the ,academy did not suffer the contamination of political toasts1 and kept us all for three precious hours in purer air4 ,can you tell me when the practice was changed8 ,i am not1 ,i think1 under the dominion of a pleasant delusion4--,yours most faithfully1 ,w4,e4 ,,gladstone4 ,in #ahhc ,leighton found it impossible to continue his duties as ,lieutenant-,colonel of the #bjth ,middlesex 7,artists7 ,volunteers1 which post he had held since #ahgf1 and he therefore resigned4 ,he was then made ,hon4 ,colonel and holder of the ,volunteer ,decoration4#ff ,a few years later he made the following speech at a dinner given by his ,corps1 in response to a toast proposed to himself3-- ,we live in times so hustling and breathless1 times in which so much happens in so short a space1 that a few years seem to divide men and habits like a deep gulf1 and ,i feel that in the eyes of many of you the toast that your ,c4,o4 has invited you in such friendly terms to drink is one possessing an almost antiquarian flavour interest2 the more grateful therefore am ,i for the cordial response with which1 not1 ,i hope1 solely in a spirit of discipline1 but from a more human point of view1 you have given to the call of ,colonel ,edis4 ,the sight of the old uniform recalls to me1 in a vivid manner1 a period when not only my years1 but my circumferencial inches1 were fewer1 during which it was my pride1 first in one grade1 then successively in others1 from the ranks to the command1 to take my share in the doings of and the life of what ,i hope ,i may call1 without egotism1 one of the finest corps in the ,volunteer service4 ,i have now for some years laid by the coat1 to be furbished up only for these annual gatherings1 not without misgivings as to my power of getting into it2 but ,i have not laid by1 nor shall ,i lay by while ,i have life1 my deep interest and my high respect for that great defensive force of which it is the sign1 and which1 having sprung into existence in a moment of emergency and national excitement1 has shown through over more than a quarter of a century that it requires no excitement to sustain it1 and is fed by no transitory fires4 ,but whilst ,i watch this great sign of national vitality with unchanging interest1 there is of course an inmost corner of my heart in which that national movement appears to me clad in grey and silver1 and the old corps still sits in the warmest place2 praise of its performance is always to me the most grateful praise2 strictures on its shortcomings1 if like other human things it has any1 will always find me sensitive1 and the account which your excellent ,colonel furnishes on these occasions of your year's growth1 comes home to me more than other like utterances4 ,gentlemen1 ,i have named your energetic and efficient commanding officer2 there is this year a special reason why his name should be on my lips2 he is about shortly to acquire by length of service the full colonelcy of which his long devotion to the cause makes him so worthy a recipient2 and ,i should wish before sitting down to offer him an old comrade's hearty congratulation1 and the expression of my confident hope that his advanced rank will only confirm him in his loyal and faithful efforts to promote the honour of the corps to which he1 more fortunate than ,i1 is still privileged to belong as an active member4 ,in #ahid1 on the occasion of feting his friend ,joseph ,joachim and presenting the gift to the great master of a ,stradivarius violin and bow from his friends1 in recognition of the fiftieth anniversary of his first performance in ,london1 ,leighton made the following speech3-- #ahid4 ,,ladies ,,and ,,gentlemen1--,it was necessary that the motives and feelings which have drawn us together to-night should find brief expression on somebody's lips2 and1 in obedience to a command which has been laid on me by this ,committee1 ,i have to ask you to accept me1 for a few moments1 as your mouthpiece4 ,of the varied duties which life lays on us1 there are some which we perform in simple discharge of conscience and with little joy2 some1 if few1 into the discharge of which we can pour all our hearts2 and such a duty is this which ,i have risen to perform4 ,i have said that ,i shall only ask your attention for a few moments1 and you will feel with me the fitness of brevity2 for besides that1 in every case1 taste imposes restraint in praise of those who are present before us1 long drawn and redundant eulogy would clash strangely with that rare simplicity which is one of the qualities by which ,joachim1 the ,man1 compels the esteem of all whose fortune it is to know him4 ,but there would be in it1 ,i think1 also a further deeper-lying incongruity1 for we know that ,joachim1 the ,artist1 has risen to the heights he occupies1 perhaps alone1 by fixing his constant gaze on high ideals1 and lifting and sustaining his mind in a region above the shifting fickle atmosphere of praise or blame4 ,well1 it is now fifty years since he took his first step along the upward path1 which he has trodden in wholeness of heart and singleness of purpose from earliest boyhood to mellow middle age4 ,during these fifty years he has not only ripened to the full his splendid gifts as an interpreter1 ever interpreting the noblest works in the noblest manner1 leading his hearers to their better comprehension2 not only marked his place in the front ranks of living composers by works instinct with fire and imagination2 but shown us also1 as a man1 how much high gifts are enhanced by modesty1 and how good a thing to see is the life of an ,artist who has never paltered with the dignity of his ,art4 ,deep appreciation of these titles to respect and admiration has1 as you know1 led in ,germany1 the country of his adoption and his home1 to an enthusiastic celebration of this1 the fiftieth year of his artistic career2 and we1 his ,english friends1 living in a country which we hope1 nay1 believe1 is1 after his own1 not the least dear to him1 have felt strongly impelled to express to him also in some form our gratitude1 our sympathy1 and our esteem4 ,it has seemed to your ,committee that these sentiments could not take a more fitting outward shape than that of the instrument over which he is lord3 such an instrument1 signed with the famous name of ,stradivarius1 and1 as ,i am told1 not unworthy of his fame1 flanked with a bow the work of ,tourte1 and once the property of ,kiesenwetter--such a fiddle and such a bow ,i now offer to him in your name4 ,its sensitive and well-seasoned shell will acknowledge and respond to the hand of the master1 and the souls of many great musicians will1 we hope1 often speak through it to spellbound hearers4 ,but we nourish another hope--the hope that1 through the great waves of melody that shall roll forth from it under his compelling bow1 a still small voice may now and again be interfused which1 reaching his heart through his ears1 shall speak to it of the many friends who1 in spirit or in the body1 are gathered round him affectionately to-night4 ,in #ahhh ,leighton delivered the superb ,address at the ,art ,congress held at ,liverpool on ,december #c 7see ,appendix74 ,no ,life of this great man would be complete were his utterances on this occasion not given in full1 for therein is found his creed on ,art1 and the records of those principles on which it was founded1 expounded with clear force1 fine analysis1 and1 above all1 with supreme courage4 ,the subject1 moreover1 as touching ,england's condition respecting ,art1 is one directly affecting ,english readers4 ,a matter of interest to the general ,art world came under discussion at the ,council meetings of the ,academy in the winter of #ahgi and #ahhj1 namely1 whether women were to be admitted as members of their body4 ,a correspondence took place between ,leighton and the late ,mr4 ,henry ,wells1 ,r4,a41 on the subject4 ,leighton's personal inclination was certainly for admitting women into the body of the elect1 as ,i know from conversations he had with me on the subject4 ,he invariably sought to extend all art privileges to those who were1 as artists1 worthy to receive them4 ,he told me1 however1 that the majority of votes against the inroad of women would be given as having regard to a question of convenience rather than to one of principle1 namely1 the difficulty the ,academicians foresaw in admitting only one or two lady artist ,academicians to the yearly ,banquets1 and the greater difficulty of extending invitations to lady guests4#fg ,the following letters from ,leighton to ,mr4 ,wells give an insight into the kind of work which his office of ,president entailed1 and of the characteristically thorough manner in which ,leighton fulfilled them4 ,thursday ,evening1 #ahgi or #ahhj4 ,,dear ,,wells1--,i have noticed during my last two sittings at your studio1 that1 whenever the deeply interesting subject of our ,academy appeared on the tapis1 it stood in the way of your work1 and ,i have therefore purposely abstained1 as you no doubt remarked1 from going beyond the merest surface in the discussion of any of the points on which we have touched4 ,i felt that the sittings ,i gave you being so few and so scantily measured out1 the least ,i could do was not1 wittingly1 to make you lose your time4 ,that is to say1 ,i did not tell you to-day orally what ,i now write1 namely1 my impression on your proposed question concerning the ,chantrey purchases4 ,the characteristic straightforwardness and loyalty with which you wished me to be informed on the point beforehand will not permit me to be silent in regard to your view4 ,i have looked with the greatest care into the extract from the will which we all have1 and have given the matter that thought which is due to your earnest conscientiousness1 and ,i have satisfied myself that the ,general ,assembly is wholly without a locus standi in claiming to control the expenditure of the ,chantrey trust moneys in any way whatever2 those moneys never pass into its hands or come under its cognisance2 they are paid into the hands of the president and treasurer1 against their receipt1 and are dealt with solely by the president and council for the time being4 ,an attempt1 therefore1 on the part of the ,general ,assembly to assume control in this matter is in my view out of order1 and it would therefore be out of order to ask or answer a question based1 as yours is1 on that assumption4 ,i think you will find this view in harmony with the opinion of the body2 if it is largely challenged1 ,i shall postpone the answer till ,i have taken a legal opinion1 as the point is very important4 ,here are my cards on the table4--,in haste1 yours sincerely1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,private4 ,monday4 ,,dear ,,wells1--,the usual stress of business has prevented me till now from thanking you for your note and valuable information2 ,i shall1 with great interest1 turn to the passages you allude to as soon as ,i get a good opportunity1 and what ,i read will have the greatest weight with me when ,i vote again on a purchase4 ,it would not1 however1 touch my point in regard to the ,general ,assembly1 which can only interfere with a past purchase if it can be shown to be illegal2 this can1 of course1 only be established by legal authority1 and ,i am1 myself1 sorry that your first resolution does not run thus3 ,that the ,president be requested to consult high legal authority as to whether such and such purchases are barred by the will of ,sir ,f4 ,ch4 ,if your misgivings on that head are shared by a majority the thing would pass immediately and undiscussed1 almost4 ,as concerns your motion on the pension resolution1 ,i own to much misgiving2 ,i should not dream of alluding to this had you not yourself taken me aside about it the other day4 ,i am so far at one with you in principle that ,i feel1 ,i can't say how deeply1 that it is our paramount duty to interpret in the largest and most elevated sense our duty to the art of the country that we may be worthy in the eyes of the enlightened portion of the community of our high place1 and that it is equally incumbent on us to keep our personal interests vigilantly in sub-ordination4 ,i think that one of the present resolutions militates against this last view1 and ,i need not conceal from you that it has not my sympathy4 ,i am1 however1 very strongly of opinion that the form of your opposition to it will not be supported1 and that in your desire for a logical comprehensiveness1 you will fail of your end1 which by simple direct opposition to the particular measure on the principle you have already enunciated and explained1 you might very probably1 ,i believe1 achieve4 ,i need not1 ,i think1 assure you1 my dear ,wells1 that nothing is further from my thoughts than any interference with a member's freedom2 indeed1 on that head my views are known to you2 but ,i can't refrain from saying thus much to give you an opportunity of quietly thinking matters over 7don't answer this7 before ,wednesday4 ,after all1 you want primarily to get rid of paragraph #f1 not to ensure a dialectical triumph4 ,if the alternative is between your ,committee and the resolution as it stands1 ,i feel absolutely convinced that you will be left in a very cold minority2 but if you point out that paragraph #f takes our bounties off the ground of necessity1 our only tenable ground1 in fact commutes a bounty into an unconditional claim 7of a formidable pecuniary nature1 too71 you will march in1 ,i can't help thinking1 with flying colours4 ,don't1 ,i repeat1 be at the trouble to answer this expression of the opinion of1--,yours sincerely1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,monday1 ,february #a1 787 #ahha4 ,,dear ,,wells1--,since receiving your letter ,i have been so absolutely engrossed with business and work that ,i have not had time till now to answer it4 ,i am sincerely glad you have asked for a little modification in the terms of the ,lucy petition2 meanwhile ,i have written to ,gladstone1 and my letter has been acknowledged with a promise to note its contents4 ,in regard to your ,chantrey resolution1 ,i feel that1 after the manner of very busy men1 ,i have written in haste and not made myself quite clear4 ,i should like1 first1 to remove one apprehension which you seem to have entertained2 however strongly ,i may be convinced of the correctness of my own view on the matter under discussion1 ,i cannot too emphatically say that as long as the points at issue were still sub judice ,i should not countenance a purchase which should assume my view to be the right one2 but no such postponement as would lead to this dilemma is to be feared2 what ,i propose is this3 as soon as ever we have closed the discussion on the schools1 and whilst they are being printed in their amended form for final consideration1 therefore1 on ,friday next1 if we get through on ,wednesday1 or failing that on the #bbnd or #bcrd of ,february1 the resolutions of ,council will be put on the table in their rotation2 as1 however1 the next step in the ,chantrey affair is to merely hear my answer to your memorandum1 and as ,i understand that discussion on it will not be expected till members shall have had it to consider at their leisure1 ,i will read it and lay it on the table before ,i take up the resolutions of ,council which stand on the paper before it1 so that when it comes up for final discussion1 presumably in the first days of ,march1 it can be discussed and voted on with full mastery of the subject4 ,it is on the agenda paper of ,,that meeting that your affirmative motion will stand2 it does not come into force till then1 since it is contingent on the effect produced on your mind by my answer of ,friday 7or of the next meeting after74 ,with respect to ,redgrave's motion1 it may lead to a technical censure of the ,council2 but there are censures and censures1 and nobody will suppose1 certainly ,i never dreamt1 that you meant to imply moral obliquity to us in regard to what we have done4 ,i have not a word to object to what you advance about the right of complaint1 but it does not exactly cover the case3 if you caught us1 say1 taking our friends to the ,exhibition 7or ourselves7 on ,sunday1 a matter on which no two opinions are admissible1 then a complaint would be in its place2 but in the matter of payment to ,treasurer1 two opinions may and do exist1 and they can only be measured against one another by a vote1 and a vote can only be taken on a motion4 ,lastly1 as to the new codification committee1 ,i think with you1 in strictest confidence1 that ---- was not a good choice2 but he was chosen in the usual manner by a majority of votes3 that your labours were not remunerated in the usual manner is an oversight1 which1 of course1 must and shall be set right4 ,there seems altogether1 and your letter corroborates that impression1 to have been much vagueness about the doings of the ,committee as a ,committee1 though1 as usual1 much zealous work on your part4 ,i do not gather that attendances were entered in a book1 which is the machinery by which payment is generally regulated1 and the ,committee having lapsed without reporting to the ,council on its labours 7being a sub-committee of the ,council of #ahgh1 it lapsed by a natural death with that ,council71 the whole thing had fallen out of notice4 ,i hope that the old sub-committee will put in their claims1 which will very certainly be satisfied4 ,the codification has frequently been in my mind1 for ,i consider it of very great importance1 but as it is my impression that ,i am considered to drive the work of the ,academy full hard as it is1 ,i have hesitated to impose more labours on my colleagues1 even though ,i am always ready to share them4--,sincerely yours1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,illustration3 ,,elijah ,,in ,,the ,,wilderness4 #ahgi ,illustration3 ,,sketch ,,for ,,elijah ,,in ,,the ,,wilderness4 #ahgi ,leighton ,house ,collection ,illustration3 ,,neruccia4 #ahgi ,by permission of ,mrs4 ,lees ,illustration3 ,,the ,,bath ,,of ,,psyche4 #ahij ,national ,gallery of ,british ,art 7,tate ,gallery7 ,tuesday ,morning1 #b ,,holland ,,park ,,road1 ,,kensington1 ,w41 ,march #ah1 #ahhd4 ,,dear ,,wells1--,thank you for your letter received yesterday1 which only lack of time prevented me from answering at once4 ,i am happy to say that ,richmond cheerfully acceded to my wish in regard to clauses #f and #g4 ,i do not think with ,calderon1 who has written to me1 that the words of a man so high-minded as ,richmond will indispose members in this matter1 and1 though ,i feel the importance of raising no prejudice against the proposal as keenly as ever1 still wish him to initiate it4 ,it is1 ,i agree with you1 a pity that the question of the retiring pensions must come off first2 but that is1 ,i fear1 quite unavoidable1 and it connects itself with the very first resolution4 ,i assure you1 my dear ,wells1 that ,i see the bearing of all you say on this head as plainly as possible1 and have done so all along2 but it does not prevail with me1 because it does not cover the whole ground1 and because ,i do not anticipate the dangers for which you think it might be used as a precedent4 ,in view of my own personal painful position in this matter1 ,i shall ask the ,assembly not to ratify the clause which affects me4--,in great haste1 yours sincerely1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,leighton's official life1 as understood and carried out by him1 entailed infinitely more strain and occupation than can be described in these pages1 but1 notwithstanding1 unless the call away from his easel was imperative1 he kept certain hours in the day sacred to his art4 ,these were from #i ,a4,m4 till noon1 and from #a ,p4,m4 till #d4 ,it was only in the off hours that he got through his other labours1 which he performed1 nevertheless1 with most assiduous conscientiousness4 ,among his duties outside the ,academy were those at the ,british ,museum4 ,mr4 ,h4,a4 ,grueber1 ,keeper of the ,coins and ,medals1 writes3 ,sir ,frederic ,leighton was elected a ,trustee of the ,british ,museum on ,may #ad1 #ahha4 ,he was an active member of the ,standing ,committee1 who practically manage the affairs of the ,museum1 and he took great interest in the place4 ,he was also a member of the ,sub-committees on ,buildings1 on ,antiquities1 ,prints and ,drawings1 also of those on ,coins and ,medals4 ,in the first ,r4,a4 ,exhibition after his election1 three pictures of the eight ,leighton sent have1 ,i think1 a special interest--,elijah in the ,wilderness 7the picture into which he said he put more of himself than into any other he had painted up to that time72 the portrait of his very dear friend ,professor ,costa1 painted in the previous autumn at ,lerici1 and the head ,neruccia4 ,leighton with ,costa studied the methods used in painting by the ,venetians and ,correggio1 and ,costa wrote the following with reference to them3-- ,the result of these studies and of the experience of years was that ,leighton and ,i definitely adopted the following method4 ,take a canvas or panel with the whitest possible preparation and non-absorbent--the drawing of the subject to be done with precision and indelible4 ,on this seek to model in monochrome so strongly that it will bear the local colours painted with exaggeration1 and then the grey1 which is to be the ground of all the future half-tones2 on this paint the lights1 for which use only white1 red1 and black1 avoiding yellow1 and1 stabbing 7botteggiando7 with the brush while the colour is wet1 make the half-tints tell out from the grey beneath1 which should be thoroughly dry4 ,when all is dry1 finish the picture with scumbles 7spegazzi71 adding yellow to complete the colour4 ,leighton formed his method of painting from these general maxims1 and he painted my portrait at ,lerici on these principles as an experiment1 and then in #ahgh we adopted the system definitely4 ,for this portrait he had four sittings--one for the drawing and the monochrome chiaroscuro1 one for the local colours2 then1 having covered all with grey1 he painted the lights with red1 white1 and black1 making use of the thoroughly dried grey beneath for his half-tints4 ,with scumbles he completed the colour and the modelling4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,light ,,of ,,the ,,harem4 #ahhj ,by kind permission of the ,directors of the ,leicester ,gallery ,illustration3 ,,and ,,the ,,sea ,,gave ,,up ,,the ,,dead ,,which ,,were ,,in ,,it ,sketch for ,complete ,design1 #ahib ,illustration3 ,,study ,,for ,,figure ,,in ,,frieze1 ,,music4 #ahhf ,leighton ,house ,collection ,illustration3 ,,study ,,for ,,andromeda4 #ahij ,leighton ,house ,collection ,illustration3 ,,from ,,sketch ,,in ,,clay ,,for ,,perseus1 ,,in ,,the ,,picture ,,perseus ,,and ,,andromeda4 #ahia ,illustration3 ,,study ,,for ,,figure ,,in ,,panel ,,in ,,royal ,,exchange--,,phoenicians ,,bartering ,,with ,,britons ,leighton ,house ,collection ,illustration3 ,,cymon ,,and ,,iphigenia4 #ahhd ,the ,corporation of ,leeds ,illustration3 ,,study ,,in ,,colour ,,for ,,cymon ,,and ,,iphigenia4 #ahhd ,by permission of ,mrs4 ,stewart ,hodgson ,illustration3 ,,study ,,for ,,sleeping ,,group ,,for ,,cymon ,,and ,,iphigenia ,given by ,lord ,leighton to ,g4,f4 ,watts1 ,o4,m41 and given by the latter to the ,collection in ,leighton ,house1 #ahhc ,as the exquisite fragments in pencil of cyclamen1 bramble and vine branch1#fh explain most intimately ,leighton's genius as a draughtsman1 so this head of ,neruccia appears to me1 together with one other work1 to explain most explicitly his genius as a painter--a modeller with the brush4 ,in #ahij ,leighton painted ,the ,bath of ,psyche4#fi ,the modelling in the torso of this figure1 and in the head of ,neruccia1 reach the zenith as exemplifying ,leighton's individuality as a painter4 ,they might truly earn for him the title--,praxiteles of the brush4 ,it would be tedious for writer and reader alike to describe too minutely the special characteristics of even the most notable pictures painted during the seventeen years when ,leighton occupied the position of ,president of the ,royal ,academy4 ,words are but poor interpreters of painting such as his4 ,eighty canvases1 two statues1 and two designs--the reverse of the ,jubilee ,medallion1 ,and the sea gave up its dead which were in it--were exhibited at the ,royal ,academy2 eighteen slighter works at the ,suffolk ,street1 and twenty-three at the ,grosvenor ,galleries4 ,on referring to the list in the ,appendix it will be realised how great was the amount of labour involved in the achievement of many of these works1 considering their size1 the complication of their designs1 and also the completeness of their finish4 ,it must also be remembered that ,leighton made many hundreds of studies for his pictures4 ,more especially numerous were these for the designs ,and the sea gave up the dead which were in it1 ,the ,dance1 ,decorative ,frieze2 ,cymon and ,iphigenia2 ,music1 a ,frieze2 ,design for the reverse of the ,jubilee ,medallion1 ,captive ,andromache1 ,perseus and ,andromeda1 ,return of ,persephone1 ,the ,garden of the ,hesperides1 ,rizpah1 ,summer ,slumbers1 ,the ,spirit of the ,summit1 ,flaming ,june1 ,phoenicians ,bartering with ,britons1 and ,clytie4 ,when all these achievements are taken into account it will be realised that ,leighton1 to the end1 however important his duties outside his studios1 was true to his vocation1 and proved himself the workman first and the official after4 ,as a work combining poetic feeling1 power of design1 and great beauty in the arrangement of line1 while at the same time expressing most explicitly ,leighton's creed of creeds--namely1 the ennobling and elevating influence of beauty in the lives of men and women--,cymon and ,iphigenia is perhaps the picture he himself would have chosen as the most representative among these later works4 ,he chose it as the one he wished sent to the ,berlin ,exhibition in #ahhe4 ,when beginning it he described to me the moment of the day he wished to catch for the scene--the most mysteriously beautiful in the whole twenty-four hours1 when the merest lip of the moon has risen from behind the sea horizon1 and the air is haunted still with the flush of the after-glow from the sun already hidden in the west4#gj ,the study for the group of sleeping figures reproduced here is almost identical in design with the sketch in plaster from the clay1 so lamentably destroyed when ,watts lent it to be cast in bronze after ,leighton's death4 ,leighton also gave the drawing of this group to his fellow artist1 so enthusiastically did ,watts admire it4 ,he1 in his turn1 gave it to the ,leighton ,house ,collection in the year #ahig1 together with the fine painting which ,leighton exchanged for his own portrait1 painted about #ahfc1 and which greeted friends as they mounted the staircase in ,leighton ,house during all the years he lived in ,holland ,park ,road 7see frontispiece to ,vol4 ,i474 ,the study for ,cymon and ,iphigenia is particularly valuable now as an example of ,leighton's rapid sketches where every touch reflects a mine of knowledge1 because it was put under glass before any of the crispness of the touch was blurred by rubbing4#ga ,illustration3 ,,the ,,sluggard ,from the ,bronze ,statuette--a direct reproduction from ,lord ,leighton's small sketch1 #ahhf4 ,leighton ,house ,collection ,illustration3 ,,needless ,,alarms ,from ,bronze ,statuette1 #ahhf4 ,leighton ,house ,collection ,illustration3 ,,the ,,last ,,watch ,,of ,,hero4 #ahhg ,illustration3 ,,study ,,in ,,colour ,,for ,,tragic ,,poetess4 #ahij ,by permission of ,mrs4 ,stewart ,hodgson ,in a letter dated #ahhf ,watts wrote3 ,leighton will carry off all the honours this year with his ceiling#gb and his two statues4 ,an ,athlete ,awakening from ,sleep 7given to the ,tate ,gallery by ,sir ,henry ,tate7 is generally known as ,the ,sluggard1 a name bestowed on it by ,leighton himself4 ,the victor's garland lies at the feet of the athlete1 a garland which does not preserve the owner from a sad weariness4 ,mr4 ,brock1 ,r4,a41 in whose studio ,an ,athlete was modelled1 executed the fine bust of ,leighton which was deposited in the ,academy as ,mr4 ,brock's diploma work4#gc ,sir ,john ,millais admired greatly the other work alluded to in ,watts' letter1 ,needless ,alarms4 ,leighton gave him this statuette1 and ,millais1 desiring to show his gratitude in a tangible form1 painted the picture ,shelling ,peas for ,leighton4 ,in at least fourteen of the eighty pictures shown at the ,academy during the last seventeen years of ,leighton's life1 there can be traced an earnest sentiment beyond the sincerity of emotion for beauty which all evince4 ,this feeling is1 however1 always guarded by a marked reticence from sentimentalism4 ,elijah in the ,wilderness1 ,elisha ,raising the ,son of the ,shunammite1 ,the ,jealousy of ,simoetha1 the ,sorceress1 ,the ,last ,watch of ,hero1 ,captive ,andromache1 ,return of ,persephone1 ,rizpah1 ,tragic ,poetess1 ,sibyl1 ,farewell1 ,the ,spirit of the ,summit1 ,fatidica1 ,lachrymae1 and the last passionate figure of ,clytie4 ,the most popular pictures ,leighton painted during these years appear to be ,sister's ,kiss1 ,the ,light of the ,harem 7developed into a picture from the design of a group in the fresco1 ,the ,industrial ,arts of ,peace71 ,idyll1 ,whispers1 ,wedded 7now in ,australia71 ,memories1 ,letty1 ,invocation1 ,solitude1 ,the ,bath of ,psyche1 ,bacchante1 ,corinna of ,tanagra1 ,the ,bracelet1 ,summer ,slumber1 ,atalanta1 ,flaming ,june1 and ,the ,fair ,persian 7unfinished74 ,two sketches in the ,leighton ,house ,collection record effects which greatly fascinated ,leighton in ,scotland--,a ,pool1 ,findhorn ,river1 deep tortoiseshell brown2 and ,rocks in the ,findhorn1 pink and grey enriched by lichen1 and it was in ,scotland that the ,lynn of ,dee inspired the subject of ,solitude4 ,leighton described to me the deep impression this ,lynn of ,dee had made on him4 ,it is the veriest note of solitude6 a wonderful spot1 full of poetic inspiration4 ,in order to transmit a vivid record of this sentiment to his canvas1 he took a second journey to the place4#gd ,illustration3 ,,atalanta4 #ahic ,by permission of the ,berlin ,photographic ,co41 the owners of the ,copyright ,illustration3 ,,flaming ,,june4 #ahie ,by permission of ,mrs4 ,watney ,illustration3 ,,study ,,for ,,flaming ,,june4 #ahie ,illustration3 ,,fatidica4 #ahid ,by permission of ,messrs4 ,t4 ,agnew ,son1 the owners of the ,copyright ,illustration3 ,,studies ,,for ,,fatidica4 #ahid ,leighton ,house ,collection ,leighton wrote the following letter to his father when first visiting ,forres1 in which he described the craze he had for these dark brown ,scotch rivers3-- ,,royal ,,station ,,hotel1 ,,forres1 ,n4,b4 ,i drove over to ,dunkeld 7twelve and a half miles7 to lunch at the ,millais'2 ,i think the drive one of the most enchanting things ,i know1 and ,i was favoured1 moreover1 by a few of those divine glimpses of blue and silver sky of which ,scotland has the monopoly 7a monopoly which she uses1 perhaps1 just a trifle too modestly74 ,this is ,forres1 as the paper shows you2 if ,macbeth's witches really did live in this neighbourhood1 it is just as well they had their hands pretty full1 for they would have found the place uncommonly dull otherwise1 especially on the ,sawbath4 ,on the other hand1 the drive to and the walk along the banks of the ,findhorn--the excursion for which one comes here--is quite delightful1 and indeed surpassed my expectations4 ,i must tell you that ,i have nothing short of a craze for your dark brown ,scotch 7and ,irish7 rivers1 as dark as treacle1 and as clear as a cairngorm4 ,this particular stream contrives to rush part of the way through fantastic rocks of pink granite--you may imagine the effect4 ,here again from the heights over the river ,i ought to have seen the sea and the coast of ,sutherlandshire2 but the weather was sulky and ,i had to draw on my imagination for the view4 ,in the forenoon ,i went over by train to ,elgin1 to see the ruined cathedral1 which is fine1 but1 like all ,scotch architecture that ,i have seen1 crude and barbaric4 ,as ,i stood on the platform before starting1 ,i heard a gruff1 good-humoured voice hailing me from a train on the other side2 it was the voice which goes so well with the rubicund face of the ,duke of ,cambridge4 ,i was going by the same train1 so he made me get into his compartment2 he was going to ,balmoral or ,aberfeldie4 ,he was very comic about ,b---- and his article in the ,nineteenth ,century--,a fellow who fouls his own nest is always a d----d bad lot--a d----d bad lot1 with which sentiment ,i close a d----d long letter4--,from your affectionate son1 ,,fred4 ,atalanta may be noted1 perhaps1 as the strongest work achieved by ,leighton4 ,here is enormous power1 though shown on a comparatively small canvas4 ,for noble beauty of the ,pheidian type in the grand and simple pose and modelling of the throat and shoulder1 it would be difficult to find its peer in ,modern ,art1 and yet it was only the worthy record of the beauty of an ,english girl4 ,flaming ,june 7a design first made to decorate as a bas-relief the marble bath on which the figure in ,summer ,slumber reposes71 is equally perfect in the fine fulness of the modelling1 but it lacks the direct simplicity which gives such a distinguished strength to the ,atalanta4 ,in the sketch for ,flaming ,june reproduced in these pages the pose is better explained than in the completed picture1 the foreshortened line of the back and shoulder being confused somewhat by the drapery in the painting4 ,at the age of twenty-five1 in the wing-like petals of a cyclamen1 ,leighton had succeeded in securing with the pencil the quality towards which he aimed from the beginning to the end of his studies--and these only ended with his life--namely1 absolute completeness as far as human eye and hand can reach completeness in rendering the perfection of nature's forms4 ,notably in ,neruccia and in ,psyche he reached that aim with the brush1 but in ,atalanta1 and in such studies as those for ,flaming ,june1 ,fatidica1 and--imbued with a yet further interest of dramatic feeling--for ,clytie1 his aim was reached with more freedom and power of touch4 ,the quality of beauty in these works was no invention of his--only1 as has been noted before1 a discernment and echo in the artist's apprehension of nobler truths in nature than are discovered by the many4 ,they are nobler1 because possessing the germ of life and movement4 ,in all nature's forms1 beauty and style result from the spring and moving on--the development of growth1 whether it requires aeons to develop the form as in mountains1 years as in trees1 or only days as in flowers4 ,in the human limbs there is the further power of varied movement1 and in the countenance of varied expressions4 ,the greatest art stamps a suggestion of this power of growth and movement into the form and line expressing the facts it records2 and1 making it harmonise graciously with perfect structure in nature1 the great artist evolves a thing of beauty4 ,in our northern climes1 and in our modern civilisation1 beauty of form and line excite little genuine emotion4 ,that is reserved for colour1 tone1 texture1 and1 in these very latter days1 for the cleverness of the executant4 ,the greatest opposer ,leighton's teaching has had is laziness4 ,students will not take the trouble to go through irksome labour to secure knowledge1 therefore they only aim at those qualities which are made comparatively easy by an emotional preference2 and such emotional preference is rarely excited by form4 ,there are exceptions1 such as ,watts1 whose greatest artistic emotion was excited when he seized the beauty and style in ,pheidias4 ,he felt also the same enthusiastic excitement over ,leighton's studies1 stamped with a like ,pheidian quality of style4 ,because the modern eye is so often blind to these qualities1 therefore ,leighton's work has been disposed of by many as merely academical and the result solely of taking inordinate pains6 ,surely those desirous of any true culture might learn one lesson at all events of ,leighton3 the value of ,catholicity through learning to master what they reject as fully as what they adopt 444 the better motives of men with whom they are not in sympathy4 ,catholicity is the outcome of the best natures1 the best understandings1 the best educations4 ,it overrides those subtle egoisms and commercial interests which so often guide while distorting a true judgment in art matters1 keeping the preferences of the public wriggling about without any definite instinct or principal on a never truly-convincing dead level4 ,the mainspring of catholicity in art is a fervent reverence for nature4 ,all works in which such fervent reverence is found1 in whatever direction it is displayed1 are worthy to be admitted into the fold1 whether it be form1 colour1 or tone in nature's aspect--whether it be the stirring whirls of northern tempests1 the rural peace of ,english glades1 or the fineness of rarefied atmosphere in the south1 as in ,greek isles and sea4 ,whichever mood of nature appeals to a true artist and inspires in him the sacred fire1 and consequently the expression in his touch1 should find a place in the heart of the true lover of art4 ,because the aesthetic pores of a music-lover are open to the rapturous tumult of the wildly whirling ,schumann symphony in ,a minor1 is he1 therefore1 incapable of being entranced by the rare refinement of ,palestrina's cameo-like phrases8 ,because he feels a rapturous excitement as the curtain falls at the end of the first act of ,lohengrin1 can he not also feel a soul-satisfaction in the elevated serenity of ,bach's ,christmas ,oratorio8 ,does it not rather denote a want of elasticity in the aesthetic perceptions1 a want of flexibility in the sensibilities flavouring somewhat of the ,philistine1 to be touched by a limited range of emotions8 ,because ,leighton is not ,whistler1 or ,watts is not ,sargent1 why must the one be admired at the expense of the other8 ,with ,leighton's rare intellectual acumen he knew well that these limitations in viewing various outlooks on art arose chiefly from a want of wide culture and experience4 ,in the great galleries of ,europe1 among the treasures in the churches of ,italy1 his own vision had been enlarged1 and he had felt how nourishing to his own best instincts such enlargement had proved4 ,hence his earnest endeavours when first entering the ,academy to establish the ,winter ,exhibitions of ,old ,masters1 and later1 when ,president1 to give as many facilities as possible for students to travel abroad4 ,probably1 it never will be fully realised how greatly ,leighton's initiations in starting new ventures for young students and artists have helped the real progress of ,english art4 ,his great modesty and rare tact prevented this initiation from being fully appreciated even at the time4 ,when such an one as ,leighton is working on great lines1 the last thing he thinks of is1 ,who is really achieving the work8 ,the aim has to be accomplished2 it matters little who is used as the tool to achieve the work4 ,the real satisfaction to such a nature is the fact that the work has been achieved4 ,perhaps of all the ways in which ,leighton helped to forward the condition of art in ,england1 the most valuable was his industry in searching out unknown work1 discovering what merit existed in it1 hunting up the artist1 and1 by becoming personally acquainted with him1 encouraging in every manner his onward progress4 ,what he effected in ,mason's case with such a rich harvest to the world as the result1 he did in many other cases when the artist was a perfect stranger to him4 ,mr4 ,alfred ,east1 the ,president of the ,royal ,society of ,british ,artists1 writes3 ,lord ,leighton was a man of broad sympathies in his appreciation of ,art1 an earnest worker with a lofty purpose and a high ideal4 ,he liked to see these qualities in others1 and spoke of the dignity and privilege of being an artist1 and lived up to it in his own house4 ,to those who knew him well he was singularly modest about his work1 soliciting criticism with a frankness which was as unaffected as it was sincere4 ,he never posed1 but was a fellow-worker and a comrade4 ,such were the characteristics of the artist at home4 ,i owe more to his encouragement than to any other influence of my life4 ,our acquaintanceship grew into friendship2 he helped me to speak to him as ,i could speak to no other1 of my own aims and ideals4 ,this is the great artist as ,i knew him4 ,singularly chary of accepting favours or putting himself under any obligation where he did not feel certain he could requite it by any feeling or action of his own1 the response ,leighton's nature made when any person1 thing1 or place gave him delight was that of a spontaneous1 unstinting gratitude4 ,never did any one enjoy more fully the best of blessings--a grateful heart4 ,moreover1 once the tender spot of pity touched1 a self-ignoring energy of helpfulness and desire to benefit arose1 which was at once the most beautiful and the least fully understood trait in his character4 ,it is difficult for many to understand a passion for unselfishness4 ,we bear with resignation the sorrows of others1 is one of the good sayings of ,walter ,bagehot4 ,no rule without an exception--,leighton did not bear with resignation the sorrows of his friends1 nor of those he pitied as overweighted and in any need of help which he could give4 ,no better proof exists of the fineness1 the distinction of a nature1 or the reverse1 than the effect which misfortune or suffering produces on it4 ,pity with ,leighton was ever allied with profound respect4 ,he gave help as one indulging himself in a privilege rather than as one conferring a benefit4 ,a beautiful story1 for which ,i happen to be the best authority1 is interwoven with the last years of his life4 ,illustration3 ,,memories4 #ahhc ,by permission of ,messrs4 ,p4 ,d4 ,colnaghi1 the owners of the ,copyright ,illustration3 ,,the ,,jealousy ,,of ,,simoetha1 ,,the ,,sorceress4 #ahhg ,illustration3 ,,letty4 #ahhd ,by permission of ,mrs4 ,henry ,joachim ,one day1 somewhere in the winter of #ahgi1 on opening a gate which leads from our garden to the ,holland ,park ,studios1 ,i saw standing at one of the studio doors a figure which ,i described to ,leighton as a vision of beauty--a young girl with a lovely white face1 dressed in deepest black1 evidently a model4 ,needless to say1 ,leighton1 ever eager to procure good models1 obtained her name from the artist to whom she was sitting when ,i first saw her1 and engaged her as a model for the head4 ,shortly after she began to sit to ,leighton1 he wrote to me saying the young girl was in sad circumstances1 and he would be very glad if ,i could help her by making some studies from her4 ,i agreed1 and he arranged with her to give me sittings4 ,she told me that she had recently lost her mother1 her father had deserted his family of five girls and two boys1 and she with her elder brother were left to support them4 ,she was endeavouring to act the part of mother to her younger sisters and brother4 ,as ,leighton and ,i grew to know her better we found her very intelligent and conscientious in acting this part1 and she enlisted our sympathies entirely4 ,she confided to me1 while sitting one day1 that she longed greatly to find something to do more interesting and remunerative than spending her days as a model4 ,she thought she could act4 ,i consulted ,leighton4 ,his first exclamation was1 ,impossible6 with that voice6 ,how could she go on the stage8 ,i thought the voice1 which had a singularly unpleasant ,cockney twang in it1 might be trained1 as ,i had observed how very eager she was to learn to speak in a more educated manner1 quite realising her own shortcomings4 ,leighton came round to my opinion2 and1 once having made up his mind that she was bent on educating herself for the stage1 showed himself as ever the most unselfish and untiring befriender4 ,meanwhile four of these beautiful children became useful to him as models4 ,from the second daughter1 who afterwards married an artist1 ,leighton painted ,memories1 reproduced here2 from the third1 ,hetty1 he painted ,simoetha the ,sorceress and ,farewell2 but it was the youngest1 ,lina1 quite a small child1 who delighted him most1 and who had a rare1 refined charm which must have captivated any child-lover4 ,she took the place of little ,connie ,gilchrist of the ,cleobouline1 the ,music ,lesson1 and other of the earlier paintings1 in the later pictures4 ,she sat for ,sister's ,kiss1 ,the ,light of the ,harem1 ,letty1 the sleeping group in ,cymon and ,iphigenia1 ,kittens1 in the friezes ,the ,dance and ,music1 and ,a little girl with golden hair and pale blue eyes-- ,yellow and pale as ripened corn ,which ,autumn's kiss frees--grain from sheath ,such was her hair1 while her eyes beneath1 ,showed ,spring's faint violets freshly born4 ,,robert ,,browning4 --also the child in ,captive ,andromache4 ,of the sister-mother of this little family1 beautiful as she was1 ,leighton declared he never could paint a successful likeness1 notwithstanding his attempts in ,viola1#ge ,bianca1 ,serenely wandering in a trance of sober thought1 and ,miss ,dene4 ,her very beautiful throat1 however1 was reproduced worthily in many of his subject-pictures1 and the true dramatic instinct she undoubtedly possessed enabled her to be of help in such pictures as ,antigone1 ,return of ,persephone1 and the last picture1 the passionate ,clytie4 ,but however useful she proved as a model1 ,leighton never for a moment thought of his own interests before the serious welfare of the young girl's life4 ,he realised that if she was to make a successful actress1 it involved serious and concentrated study4 ,one morning ,i received the following note3-- ,,dear ,,mrs4 ,,barrington1--,miss ,pullen will be very happy to sit to you on ,monday1 and will talk over the rest when you meet4 ,you are very kind about it all1 as is1 indeed1 your wont4 ,p4,s4--,you see my harassed old head does sometimes remember what ,i promise4 ,illustration3 ,,studies ,,from ,,dorothy ,,dene ,,for ,,clytie4 #ahie ,leighton ,house ,collection ,and later3-- #b ,,holland ,,park ,,road1 ,,kensington1 ,w4 ,,dear ,,mrs4 ,,barrington1--,i want you to help me in a little conspiracy against 787 our young tragic friend4 ,mrs4 ,glyn frequently urges that she ought1 at all events for a time1 to give her whole mind and being to the study of her art4 ,i need not say ,i share that opinion1 and ,i have at last1 after infinite trouble and persistence 7my nose1 you know7#gf induced her to leave off sitting for a month1 in the hope1 if you will all help1 of making it a quarter4 ,this would1 ,i am confident1 be of the greatest value to her1 giving her time also to read a little and concentrate her thoughts4 ,i am quite prepared to give up painting from her for three months2 but she is in mortal dread lest her other friends should think her unkind and ungrateful for their sympathy4 ,i have told her ,i believe no such thing1 and that ,i feel sure that ,schmaltz and you 7who work most from her7 will1 as willingly as ,i1 postpone your studies in order to aid her in so important a matter4 ,she is going to call on you to-day2 if you agree with me1 be very firm--have a nose6 ,refuse to paint from her for three months4 ,we succeeded in making the little girl work exclusively at her acting1 and ,leighton1 ,watts1 and ,i frequently visited the school where she was being trained under ,mrs4 ,glyn1 to hear her and her fellow-students perform the pieces they had studied4 ,eventually she appeared in ,london and in the provinces1 and quickly communicated all her successes and failures to ,leighton and to me4 ,constant notes passed between us as we each received news from our young protegee1 or when we thought some fresh step might be taken for her advantage4 ,for instance1 one of these notes runs as follows3-- ,,dear ,,mrs4 ,,barrington1--,it has occurred to me that ,i perhaps seemed this morning what ,i certainly did not mean to seem1 churlish in regard to that letter from ,irving4#gg ,if ,miss ,pullen is now ripe for him to hear her--this is the most important point 7for to go to him too soon would be the most unwise thing possible in view of her getting a good engagement7--and if1 having declined a letter on a previous occasion1 she has any unnecessary scruple about now asking for one1 it will be quite enough for you to tell me from her that she wishes for one1 and ,i will at once write it4 ,kemp will always be able to tell you where to get at me4 ,i can write as easily from ,vienna or ,constantinople as from here4 ,from ,exeter ,dorothy ,dene wrote to ,leighton after recounting an unwonted success3-- ,don't be frightened that ,i shall let all this praise turn my head4 ,i know how much better it could be done1 and after every scene a great weight falls on my heart that ,i have done no better4 ,but ,i like you to warn me2 it is good for me1 so don't leave off1 please4 ,i am sorry that your friend1 ,lord ,mount-,edgcumbe1 will not see me1 and that you had the bother of writing for nothing4 ,please do not fash yourself about finding out any one else4 ,i must leave off now1 as it is time to go to the theatre1 and you will not get this any sooner if it were posted to-night than to-morrow4 ,sunday1 #bdth4 ,to continue1 our lodgings are very comfortable1 and nearly opposite the theatre2 the food is good1 and very fairly cooked1 but ,i am very pleased with the tuck parcel2 we had one of the birds when we arrived1 the other things we have hardly touched4 ,i thought it better to save them for places where the food may be bad4 ,please send me ,mr4 ,b4 ,tree's letter4 ,i thought as you think about its advice4 ,thank you so much for your kind advice and gentle reminders1 ,i shall try so hard to remember all you have said to me at different times2 and if ,i do become anything in the future1 ,i shall owe all the best part of it to you4 ,an engagement for two matinees was made for her debut in ,london4 ,dear ,mrs4 ,barrington1 ',dorothy' acts at the ,globe on ,monday and ,tuesday afternoons1 wrote ,leighton2 ,i mean to go on ,monday4 ,i took a party of eight to see her1 including the late ,lord ,lytton1 who took much interest in the stage4 ,after the performance ,leighton wrote to me1 ,poor ,dorothy was paralysed with terror yesterday--but ,i hope intelligent people will have seen through that4 ,again1 later1 she is adding1 as she deserves1 to the number of her friends1 several of whom treat her with really maternal kindness4 ,i can indeed very truly endorse ,leighton's good opinion4 ,dorothy and three of her sisters were worthy of all the interest shown in them4 ,they were entirely self-respecting1 conscientious children1 most affectionately devoted to one another1 and striving their utmost to improve in every sense1 and make themselves worthy of the help they received4 ,naturally they adored their chief benefactor1 ,leighton4 ,unfortunately1 ,dorothy1 notwithstanding dramatic gifts1 great perseverance and intelligence1 lacked charm on the stage4 ,her very beautiful face and throat were not seen to advantage1 as they were hardly in proportion with her figure1 which was short and too stiffly set to move gracefully on the stage4 ,leighton in fun always called her the little tee-to-tum1 or when she wore a large hat1 the mushroom4 ,as he felt vitality waning and mental effort a greater strain1 the little family of ,pullens had to ,leighton somewhat the same resting charm that ,italy had in early days1 when he turned from the ,german austerity in study to the relaxation of the dolce far niente of ,italian national life4 ,i go to see them1 he used to say1 when ,i want to let my back hair down and get off the stilts4 ,when ,leighton was dying1 his sister1 ,mrs4 ,sutherland ,orr1 took ,dorothy into his room4 ,he was too ill to speak1 but only smiled to her in answer to her saying1 ,if ,i have or ever will do anything worth doing1 ,i owe it all to you--everything ,i owe to you4 ,it is almost unnecessary1 as it is distasteful1 to mention that this beautiful paternal attitude ,leighton displayed towards these orphans was made the subject of ugly gossip--for are there not always the miserables of the world who seek the ugly rather than the beautiful8 misinterpreting the beautiful so that it should come within the range of their scandalous arrows1 more especially when the darts attack a man in the high position ,leighton held4 ,some of these offshoots of envy and jealousy came within earshot of ,leighton's sisters1 who thought it well to warn him in a letter that such malice was in the air4 ,he wrote a lengthy answer1 ending with the following sentence3 ,but let me turn away from the whole thing1 it has pained me more than enough4 ,i implore you not to reopen it4 ,on the only thing that matters1 you are absolutely assured1 if you believe in my honour4 ,if you hear these rumours again1 meet them with a flat1 ungarnished denial4 ,let that suffice--it does for me4 ,to a lady friend he wrote still more explicitly1 in order1 as he said1 that there should exist in his own handwriting an implicit and unmitigated denial of the malicious falsehood4 ,leighton never knew under whose auspices this scandal was conducted4 ,as is the case invariably1 it was impossible to put the finger exactly on the culprit--for these fulsome things have to be propagated under the rose1 in order that they should get a firm root before an authoritative denial can be given4 ,however1 after ,leighton's death1 the lie was stated more boldly--even directly to his two sisters4 ,it is necessary1 therefore1 to include in the account of his life the full and truthful version of the kind and fatherly protection ,leighton gave to this family4 ,the interests of the ,kyrle ,society were another cause which ,i had in common with ,leighton4 ,he spoke at the first public meeting that was held in the ,kensington ,town ,hall on ,january #bg1 #ahha1 and ,i possess an interesting correspondence with him on the subject1 which space will not allow me to quote4 ,the important matter contained in it appears in the following correspondence between ,mr4 ,t4,c4 ,horsfall1 the chief mover in establishing the ,art ,museum and ,galleries in ,manchester1 and ,leighton1 together with a discussion on other vital points connected with ,art3-- ,april #g1 about #ahhj4 ,,dear ,,sir1--,i am probably too late to be of any use1 but have nevertheless much pleasure in assuring you once again of the sympathy with which ,i view your endeavours to bring the refining influences of ,art in all its forms1 and1 so to speak1 in co-operation on the masses in the vast industrial centre from which you write4 ,i believe that in seeking to elicit and to cultivate their sense of what is beautiful you are opening up to them a deep source of enjoyment1 and by opposing good to bad influences1 rendering them great and lasting service4--,yours very faithfully1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 99 99 99 99 99 ,february #ag1 #ahha4 ,i have carefully read over the programme of your enterprise1 and there is much in it with which ,i can warmly sympathise4 ,i desire nothing more deeply than to see the love and knowledge of ,art penetrate into the masses of the people in this country--there is no end which ,i would more willingly serve2 but there is in your programme a paragraph which ,i cannot too emphatically repudiate--that1 namely1 which excludes from ,art1 as far as the public is concerned1 that which is the root of the finest ,art as ,art1 the human form1 the noblest of visible things4 ,that you should sternly and stringently exclude all work which reveals an offensive aim or prurient mind is what ,i should be the first to claim1 but that you should lay down as a corner-stone of your scheme an enactment which would exclude by implication more than half the loftiest work we owe to ,art--nearly all ,michael ,angelo1 much of ,raphael's best1 ,sebastiano del ,piomba's ,raising of ,lazarus1 ,titian's ,bacchus and ,ariadne1 ,botticelli's ,birth of ,venus--this is indeed a measure from which ,i must most distinctly dissociate myself1 and which makes it impossible for me to connect my name with an enterprise which would else command my sympathy4 ,illustration3 ,,study ,,in ,,colour ,,for ,,greek ,,girls ,,playing ,,at ,,ball4 #ahhi ,by permission of ,mrs4 ,stewart ,hodgson ,from the ,manchester ,courier1 ,august #cj1 #ahij4 ,,sir ,,frederic ,,leighton ,,on ,,the ,,management ,,of ,,art ,,galleries4 ,to the ,editor of the ,manchester ,courier4 ,,sir1--,on the #dth and #fth inst4 ,i published two long letters on the management of art galleries1 of some part of which this is a summary3--,no one can intelligently and fully enjoy any picture or statue unless he has some measure of three kinds of knowledge4 7#a7 ,he must know something about the subject represented1 or he cannot enjoy the expression by the work of the artist's feeling and thought2 7#b7 he must know something of the processes of the art in which the artist has worked1 or he cannot know what effects the artist sought or might have sought2 7#c7 he must know something of the history of the art1 or he cannot understand what elements in the work are due to the artist himself and what to his time and place2 or enjoy at all some of the finest works ever produced4 ,for the giving of the second and third of these three kinds of knowledge there ought to be subsidiary collections in our ,manchester galleries1 kept distinct from the principal collection1 and for the giving of the first kind there ought to be several distinct subsidiary collections1 of which some should be for the purpose of giving knowledge of flowers1 birds1 trees1 and the other beautiful objects which are elements of landscape4 ,as a very large proportion of the people of all large towns are ignorant of all that is interesting in nature1 and of all that is noblest and most interesting in history and in contemporary life1 and as pictures can very effectively give some knowledge both of nature and of the deeds of men while fulfilling their special function1 which is to give certain kinds of aesthetic pleasure1 the principal collections in our galleries ought to be used for the purpose of giving knowledge of nature and of noble human nature4 ,a gallery of good pictures of the kind would1 by reason of the interest of the subjects represented1 attract so much attention that the public would to a far larger extent than now feel the influence of the artistic qualities of pictures4 ,in order to obtain pictures of suitable subjects1 the directors of art galleries1 instead of only buying pictures in exhibitions and studios as they now do1 should1 as a rule1 revert to the custom which prevailed in the ages when art influenced life deeply1 and should ask artists to paint pictures of prescribed subjects4 ,i believe that they would get thus better pictures and at lower prices4 ,many artists certainly would be at their best when they knew they were working to enlighten a great community1 and would gladly accept a moderate price for a picture ordered for a public gallery4 ,i sent a copy of my letters to ,sir ,frederic ,leighton1 and asked him if he would let me have his opinion respecting the principal suggestions contained in them4 ,with the great kindness which distinguishes him1 ,sir ,frederic ,leighton has written me the following letter1 which contains advice so valuable that ,i am sure every person in ,manchester who cares for art will be glad to have an opportunity of reading it3-- ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,horsfall1--,i must apologise for my very long delay in answering your letter--a delay due in great part to lack of time1 but in part also to the fact that your questions could not be answered hastily1 or without due consideration4 ,i may say at the outset that ,i very warmly appreciate the depth of your interest in the subject of art1 and the constancy of your efforts to spread its influence in ,manchester2 and ,i am glad to be able to add that on not a few points1 ,i find myself in harmony with your views4 ,it is evidently not possible for me to touch1 within the compass of a letter1 upon more than one or two of the matters with which you deal in your two long communications to the ,manchester press2 and1 indeed1 the question on which you mainly dilate1 and in regard to which ,i am not wholly at one with you1 would require to be dealt with at far greater length than is possible to me here4 ,i must content myself with saying what little seems to me sufficient to indicate the grounds of my dissent from you4 ,but first ,i should like to say a word in passing on the vexed subject of copies4 ,there can be no doubt that it would be an immense advantage to those who cannot travel--that is to say1 to the enormous majority of men--to bring before their eyes1 through reproductions--if these reproductions were absolutely faithful--the masterpieces to which distance deprives them of access4 ,this is1 in the case of sculpture and architectural detail1 in a large measure achieved by the means of plaster casts1 though it is needless to point out that the capacity of the material robs the reproduction of much of the life and light of the original4 ,with pictures the case is different4 ,the subtle and infinite charm which resides in the handiwork of a master1 and in the absence of which half the personality of his work is lost1 can hardly ever be rendered by a copyist4 ,for this reason the overwhelming majority of even reasonable copies is to my mind worse than useless4 ,such copies can kindle no enthusiasm1 and they virtually misinform the student4 ,it has always seemed to me that the best way to acquaint young people with pictures which they are not able to see is to put before them photographs of the originals1 which1 besides giving design1 form1 and light and shade1 with absolute fidelity1 render1 in a wonderful way1 the executive physiognomy of the work2 and by the side of these photographs free1 but faithful1 coloured sketches of the pictures should hang1 giving the scheme1 harmony1 and tone of the colour1 but not1 like finished copies1 professing an identity with the original1 which is never achieved4 ,turning now to what you say on the subject of the acquisition of works for a public gallery1 ,i should at once dissuade you from any idea of giving definite commissions--,i mean commission to paint specially selected subjects4 ,i have always felt very strongly that artistic work1 to be of real value1 must be the outcome of entirely spontaneous impulse in an artist4 ,i believe that in the immense majority of cases work done under any other conditions lacks vitality and sincerity1 and will not show the worker at his best4 ,a subject which does not impose itself unbidden on the artist will never elicit his full powers4 ,i have myself on that ground for many years past invariably declined to paint under any kind of restriction4 ,neither does your idea of--practically--refusing encouragement to any work which does not commemorate a noble deed1 and1 if possible1 the noble deed of a well-known personage1 commend itself to me4 ,it seems to me1 on the contrary1 to be a harmful one1 inasmuch as it misdirects the mind of a people1 already little open to pure artistic emotion1 as to the special function of ,art4 ,this can1 of course1 only be the doing of something which it alone can achieve4 ,now1 direct ethical teaching is specially the province of the written and the spoken word4 ,a page or two from the pen of a great and nobly-inspired moralist--a ,newman1 say1 or a ,liddon1 or a ,martineau--can fire us more potently and definitely for good than a whole gallery of paintings4 ,this does not1 of course1 mean that a moral lesson may not indirectly be conveyed by a work of art1 and thereby enhance its purely moral value4 ,but it cannot be the highest function of any form of expression to convey that which can be more forcibly1 more clearly1 and more certainly brought home through another channel4 ,you may no more make this direct explicit ethical teaching a test of worth in a painted work than you may do so in the case of instrumental music2 indeed by doing so you will turn the attention of those before whom you place it from the true character of its excellence--you will1 so to speak1 mis-focus their emotional sensibility4 ,it is only by concentrating his attention on essentially artistic attributes that you can hope to intensify in the spectator that perception of what is beautiful in the highest1 widest1 and fullest sense of the word1 through which he may enrich his life by the multiplication of precious moments akin to those which the noblest and most entrancing music may bestow on him through different forms of aesthetic emotion4 ,it is in the power to lift us out of ourselves into regions of such pure and penetrating enjoyment that the privilege and greatness of art reside4 ,if1 in a fine painting1 a further wholly human source of emotion is present1 and if that emotion is more vividly kindled in the spectator by the fact that he is attuned to receive it by the excitement of aesthetic perception through the beauty of the work of art as such1 that work will gain no doubt in interest and in width of appeal4 ,but it will not therefore be of a loftier order than a great work in architecture or music--than the ,parthenon1 for instance1 or a symphony of ,beethoven1 neither of which preaches a direct moral lesson4 ,but ,i am being led away into undue length without the possibility1 after all1 of doing more than roughly indicate the grounds of my dissent from a rather vital article of your creed--a dissent which will1 ,i am afraid1 jar on you in proportion to the great sincerity with which you hold your faith4 ,i may say1 by the way1 that ,i dwelt at rather greater length on this very subject in my first presidential address to the ,royal ,academy1 delivered on #afth ,december #ahgi4--;,and1 herewith1 ,i remain1 dear ,mr4 ,horsfall1 yours very truly1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 #b ,,holland ,,park ,,road1 ,,kensington1 ,august #ah1 #ahij4 ,examples of the kind of copies which ,sir ,f4 ,leighton recommends can be seen in the ,art ,museum in ,no4 #a ,room4 ,we have there a photograph of the ,adoration of the ,magi of ,paul ,veronese1 with a series of studies by ,mr4 ,f4 ,shields of the composition1 the light and shade1 and the arrangement of colour in the picture4 ,these copies suffice to prove that such a collection as ,sir ,f4 ,leighton recommends would be of the greatest value and interest4 ,may ,i say with regard to two points in the letter1 that my proposal to use some parts of the collections in our galleries for the purpose of revealing the beauty of nature and the greatness of human nature1 does not involve any belief that the giving of ethical teaching ought to be one of the functions of pictures1 and that the proposal is made partly for the purpose of increasing the width of appeal of works of art4 ,while trying to make that appeal reach a large part of the community1 we may usefully teach1 by means of other parts of the collections1 that the excellence of paintings has no relation to ethical teaching4 ,with regard to the influence on the artist of the choice by others of his subjects1 ,i think that ,sir ,f4 ,leighton is misled by his own great gifts4 ,a man of remarkably wide culture1 and of great poetical power1 he has been enabled1 by the great range and strength of his imagination1 to choose subjects giving ample scope for the exercise of the qualities peculiar to the painter1 and yet appealing strongly to the powers of thought and feeling of all fairly educated people4 ,to such a man1 and to such a man only1 spontaneous impulse can now be a sufficient guide in the choice of his subject2 and to such a man1 and only to such a man1 the choice of his subject by other persons of intelligence would be a harmful restriction4 ,in every picture gallery it is but too obvious that the majority of even able painters1 though unrestricted by the will of any committee1 are impeded by more hampering restrictions than any intelligent committee would impose1 and are unable to find subjects interesting both to themselves and to others4 ,for many able painters the intelligent choice by others of subjects for their work would remove1 and not impose1 restrictions4 ,it must be remembered that the subjects of the works of ,pheidias1 of ,cimabue1 of ,giotto1 and indeed those of most of the works which have been much cared for1 were chosen for1 and not by1 the artists4--,yours1 c41 ,t4,c4 ,,horsfall4 ,the following letter is ,mr4 ,horsfall's answer to the one published in the ,manchester ,courier1 ,august #cj1 #ahij3-- ,,swanscoe ,,park1 ,,near ,,macclesfield1 ,august #bj1 #ahij4 ,,dear ,,sir ,,frederic ,,leighton1--,it is most kind of you to answer my letter so fully4 ,i shall show my gratitude by doing my best to make your counsel as useful as possible to ,manchester4 ,the system which you suggest for giving some idea of masterpieces which are too distant to be visited seems to me to be admirable1 and ,i cannot but believe that it will be adopted in one of our ,manchester ,galleries4 ,with regard to the advisableness of choosing for public galleries chiefly pictures of noble subjects respecting which most people have1 when they see the pictures1 or can be expected to gain1 some knowledge1 though ,i feel the great weight of your argument1 ,i am still of the same opinion4 ,i may say this without presumption1 because the great question which we are discussing3 ,how can ,art be made most useful to ,england8 involves the two other questions3 ,what are the best conditions under which artists can work8 and ,how can the best work of artists be made to influence the rest of the community8 ,in considering the second of these questions an artist is1 ,i think1 impeded by his special gifts1 while ,i1 not an artist1 aided by the qualites de mes defauts1 and by the results of several years of experiment in the use of pictures1 believe myself to have gained much trustworthy knowledge6 ,speaking from the standpoint which ,i have thus reached1 ,i should say that whilst the artist is most conscious of the analogy which exists between painting and instrumental music1 there is really a much closer analogy between painting and poetry1 or between painting and song1 and that it is this closer analogy which should guide the action of the directors of public galleries4 ,painting deals1 while instrumental music does not1 with subjects respecting which we think and feel1 and it must accept the results for good and evil of this2 its products cannot be1 as instrumental music is1 without definite relation to our feeling and thought1 and a simply neutral relation being impossible1 the relation must be ennobling or debasing in some degree4 ,i think that my analysis of the conditions which must be fulfilled if the relations is to be an ennobling one was sound4 ,in asking that painters shall choose subjects pure and lovely and of good report1 ,i am not asking that painting shall leave its special function--shall cease to do that which it can do better than any other art2 but only that it shall recognise that its function differs from that of instrumental music1 and is the creation in us of a symphony of feeling or emotional thought and enjoyment of form and colour1 and human skill1 and love of beauty4--,with very many thanks1 ,i am1 dear ,sir ,frederic ,leighton1 yours sincerely1 ,t4,c4 ,,horsfall4 #b ,,holland ,,park ,,road1 ,,kensington1 ,w41 ,august #bb1 #ahij4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,horsfall1--,i have to thank you for your kind and interesting letter of the #bjth4 ,knowing of old the views you entertain1 and the radical divergence which exists between them and my own1 ,i had fully anticipated the spirit of your answer2 in fact1 it almost seemed to me when ,i wrote at some length the other day that ,i ought to explain that it was out of deference to your wish and in high appreciation of the long and earnest thought which you have given to a grave subject that ,i did so1 rather than in the hope that my views would carry conviction or commend themselves to you4 ,the divergence between us is1 as ,i said1 at the root of things1 and is one on which ,i do not think experience either qualifies or disqualifies us to judge4 ,the question is not what effect pictures may have had on certain people1 but what the proper function of ,art is4 ,the question is theoretic rather than practical4 ,if the primary function of ,art is definitely didactic1 if its first duty is to inculcate a specific moral truth1 then1 indeed1 there is1 as you very rightly say1 no neutral ground4 ,either the teaching is wholesome or it is mischievous4 ,meanwhile1 our brief correspondence only throws into stronger light the impossibility to which ,i believe ,i alluded in my first letter1 of dealing with such a subject within the compass of a letter1 and in broad and sweeping outlines4 ,so1 for instance1 when ,i used instrumental music as a parallel1 ,i did not for a moment mean to describe its province as being identical with that of painting4 ,neither1 on the other hand1 would you1 ,i presume1 in instancing song on your side wish to be taken too literally2 for you would have1 according to your theory1 to excommunicate1 let us say1 for instance1 ,schubert1 the king of song-writers1 who has played on more varied chords of feeling and imagination than any other musician of his kind1 and of whom ,i am not aware that he ever inculcated 7,i feel pretty certain that he never meant to inculcate7 a definite moral lesson4 ,but ,i am beginning again4 ,let me at once draw rein1 and abandoning a barren1 however interesting controversy1 remain1 dear ,mr4 ,horsfall1 yours sincerely1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 #b ,,holland ,,park ,,road1 ,,kensington1 ,w41 ,august #bh1 #ahij4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,horsfall1--,before starting for my holiday1 of which ,i stand in much need1 ,i write one line to acknowledge and thank you for your amiable and interesting letter1 which shows me1 ,i am very glad to see1 that we are much less divided in opinion than ,i should have gathered from what you had previously written1 and indeed printed4 ,judgments given as absolute in your letters to the ,manchester press are shown by the commentary which your last letter furnishes to be in a manner conditional1 and without that commentary your words were rather misleading4 ,i was not unnaturally a little startled--,i1 who do not think a subject in the ordinary sense of the word imperative at all--to find you condemn the purchase of ,yeames's ,arthur and ,hubert 7which1 for the element of human emotion1 certainly satisfies the ,aristotelian demand in reference to tragedy71 because the emotion does not turn on an heroic act2 and ,i may say1 in passing1 that ,i am unable to see how a scene in which deep pity for the helpless is aroused1 can be justly described as a horror which it is foolish to try to realise4 ,meanwhile1 ,i fully feel the practical difficulty which your last letter describes4 ,it is a difficulty of the most perplexing kind4 ,for it must be evident that whilst with a people of strong moral fibre and an almost entire absence of aesthetic sensibility--at all events1 on the side of form--you may indirectly insinuate some perception of the beautiful--of that essence which lifts us out of ourselves--under the cover and pretext of a moral emotion--we cannot ignore the danger of producing the exactly opposite effect of confirming the dully-strung spectator in the belief that the stirring of that moral emotion is in fact the raison d'etre of the work4 ,one is1 of course1 glad1 as the world goes1 that the doors of righteousness should be opened1 even by the wrong key2 but one would still more desire that the door which yields only to that key should not itself remain closed4 ,pray do not take the trouble to acknowledge these parting words3 but believe me1 very truly yours1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,with regard to ,leighton's acute artistic sense of fitness when it was a matter of chosing a site for buildings or monuments1 so that such placing should give them their full value of effect1 ,i remember1 after a site had been decided on for ,cleopatra's ,needle in ,london1 ,leighton vehemently denouncing the idea of placing it where it now stands4 ,the conversation we had respecting it was recalled by finding the following letter3-- ,,dear ,,sir1--,it is a source of regret to me that ,i am unable to be present as a listener at the discussion to-morrow4 ,meanwhile the question of the base1 though a very important one1 is in my mind very secondary to that of the site1 and the 7in my poor opinion7 radical wrongness of the present selection much mars my interest in the whole affair4 ,a monument which1 intended to be conspicuous1 is not the focus of the avenues that lead to it1 ,i think against the most primary perceptions of effect4 ,two magnificent avenues give access to ,cleopatra's ,needle1 the finest river and the finest embankment in ,europe2 both of these run past it as if they had forgotten it4 ,i may add that what would only have been feeble is rendered worse than feeble by the 7of course accidental7 semblance of matching with the short tower over the way4 ,pray excuse the great haste in which ,i write and the consequent abruptness of my expressions1 and believe me1 yours very truly1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,goodall1 in his ,reminiscences1 says3 ,many years before it was removed from ,egypt ,i used to see it lying on the seashore near ,alexandria4 ,i agree with ,lord ,leighton's opinion that it was not erected on a suitable site4 ,it is a pity it was not put up in front of the ,british ,museum4 ,leighton1 needless to say1 took infinite interest in ,sir ,henry ,tate's splendid scheme for memorialising the success of a commercial life1 by presenting to his nation a gallery in which the best ,british works of art might find a home1 and1 moreover1 by the gift to the public of the nucleus of such a collection4 ,it was truly amazing to see the amount of time and trouble which ,leighton devoted to this scheme1 considering how full to overflowing his life already appeared to be4 ,but1 whether it was a question of a splendid enterprise1 or a struggling artist of whom the world had never heard1 or even an earnest amateur1 once his sense aroused that he could be of help1 ,leighton manufactured time somehow to give that help4#gh ,but the high-minded1 public-spirited view ,sir ,henry ,tate took of the responsibilities of wealth specially enlisted ,leighton's sympathies1 and he evinced an intense interest in helping to work out the great idea4 ,another matter which concerned him very seriously was the fact that a work by the greatest sculptor ,england can claim--,alfred ,stevens--purporting to memorialise our great warrior1 the ,duke of ,wellington1 was allowed to remain unfinished and shunted away in a side chapel of ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral1 instead of being completed and placed in the position for which it was designed4 ,the following letters to ,mr4 ,henry ,wells show that in #ahhh ,leighton had induced others to view the matter in the same light3-- #b ,,holland ,,park ,,road1 ,august #ab1 #ahhh4 ,,dear ,,wells1--,the list for the ,memorial ,committee is practically complete1 and though it is not in every particular the list which you or ,i might have drawn up1 it is a good one1 and as ,i told you ,i think in a previous note1 ,i have not liked to interfere too much1 as ,agnew has so zealously taken the work on himself4 ,i meant to send you the list1 but have cleverly come away from home 7,i am writing at the ,senior ,united ,service ,club7 without it4 ,i have of course asked ,agnew to add his own name2 for the ,academy ,i have proposed to him the four ,trustees--not as ,trustees1 but because they offer a ready-made group in a body where none is afore or after--,sir ,j4 ,gilbert1 ,linton1 and ,coutts ,lindsay will complete the artistic section for the present4 ,the next step1 as ,i have suggested to ,agnew1 is to get at the ,dean of ,st4 ,paul's--this ,i have offered to do4 ,a chairman will have to be appointed2 ,i should suggest1 or rather have suggested1 the ,d4 of ,cleveland--if he joins2 ,i believe his answer has not yet come in4 ,and there must be a banker3 then a letter from the ,committee should appear in the ,times inviting adhesions and subscriptions1 to be published from time to time3 is all this in harmony with your own view8 ,are you not afraid that the moment when everybody 7for our purposes it is everybody7 is leaving town or has left it--,i go myself in a few days--is a very bad one8 ,many people lose sight of their ,times1 or would not write from the country or foreign parts4 ,how would it strike you to wait a month or two1 having now laid the foundation8 ,it is a nice point4 ,there are pros1 but there are also cons4 ,with all good wishes1 yours sincerely1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,you have seen no doubt in your ,times that we mean to exhibit our lamented friend's work in a worthy manner4 ,p4,p4,s4--,by-the-bye1 ,s4 ,kensington ought to be represented4 ,i will ask ,agnew to write to ,t4 ,armstrong4 ,illustration3 ,,bacchante4 #ahib ,by permission of ,messrs4 ,henry ,graves ,co41 the owners of the ,copyright ,illustration3 ,,study ,,in ,,oils ,,for ,,bacchante4 #ahib ,by permission of ,mrs4 ,stewart ,hodgson #b ,,holland ,,park ,,road1 ,,kensington1 ,w41 ,november #b1 #ahib4 ,,dear ,,wells1--,best thanks for your cheque and kind note4 ,you will be glad to hear that the removal is going on capitally4 ,i did not wait for the full money-promise2 ,i had determined to do the thing1 and ,i set it going on my personal guarantee when we were ,l#cjj short of the full sum4 ,now we have the money1 young ,lehmann munificently sending a cheque for that amount4 ,the great monument having been moved to its right position1 the next question was to raise funds for the completion of the work4 ,this was perplexing ,leighton during the last weeks of his life4 ,having written a letter to the ,times in #ahie1 and the donations having come in but scantily1 he was puzzled to know what further steps to take4 ,leighton himself1 so distinguished a sculptor1 took a special interest in all efforts to promote the knowledge and love of plastic art4 ,when1 therefore1 his old friend ,mr4 ,walter ,copland ,perry called a meeting at ,grosvenor ,house--at which the late ,duke of ,westminster presided--to lay before it his scheme for the formation of a gallery of casts from all the best ,greek and ,roman statues1 ,leighton was one of the most zealous and active promoters of the scheme4#gi ,leighton was commissioned by the ,government to execute the medallion for ,queen ,victoria's ,jubilee in #ahhg4 ,m4 ,edouard ,lanteri1 now ,professor of ,modelling at the ,south ,kensington schools1 assisted him in carrying out the design1 and became an ardent admirer of the ,president4 ,m4 ,lanteri described to me how certain difficulties occurred in the casting4 ,leighton said they must work on till these were set right--and they did work eighteen hours on end4 ,all to whom the work of ,watts1 ,burne-,jones1 and ,rossetti has appealed1 owe ,leighton a debt of gratitude4 ,before the ,grosvenor ,gallery ,exhibition of his work took place in #ahhb1 ,watts1 in talking to me of the unpopularity of the pictures he felt most inspired to paint1 would often give as a proof of this that1 with one exception1 no one had ever cared to engrave his pictures2 and truly1 without ,mr4 ,fred ,hollyer's photographs the general public would have known little of the special value of this work1 nor of the art of ,rossetti and ,burne-,jones4 ,mr4 ,hollyer's photographs are not merely copies--they have as art an atmosphere of charm in themselves2 they render what may be called the soul of a picture4 ,he writes3-- ,about #ahge ,i received a letter from ,baroness ----1 requesting me to call upon her in order to arrange to photograph the collection of works of art in her country house4 ,she had employed other photographers1 but the results had not been satisfactory4 ,i carried the matter through1 and not only received a considerable amount in remuneration1 but was given great encouragement to persevere with my work at a time when ,i had nearly decided on going to ,america4 ,the ,baroness never mentioned who it was that had recommended me1 and though ,i had been constantly working for him during many years1 it was not till six months after his death that ,i discovered it was ,lord ,leighton who had been my good friend4 ,i should be glad to bear testimony to his great heart and loving kindness1 and do regret not having been able to thank him myself4 ,leighton was made a ,baronet in #ahhf4 ,the following letter from ,gladstone1 written in #ahhe1 refers to ,leighton having submitted to him the names of ,millais and ,watts as artists worthy to receive the honour1 at the same time begging him earnestly not to include his own3-- ,private4 #aj ,,downing ,,street1 ,,whitehall1 ,june #ag1 #ahhe4 ,,my ,,dear ,,sir ,f4 ,,leighton1--,your letter has given me much pleasure4 ,i can assure you that ,i in return highly appreciate the generous spirit you have shown1 and ,i value the advice you kindly tendered in this matter of ,art ,honours4 ,i am reporting rather fully to ,her ,majesty on our conversation of ,monday1 and on the personal abnegation on your own part1 which commands my cordial respect4--,i remain always1 very faithfully yours1 ,w4,e4 ,,gladstone4 ,on ,watts declining the honour1 ,leighton was at first much vexed2 but ,watts1 having explained to him the reason which made it inadvisable for him to accept a baronetcy1 ,leighton fully1 as he told my husband and myself1 saw the necessity of his declining4 ,since the first years when ,leighton settled in ,london he had been favoured by the personal friendship of many members of the ,royal family1 who very greatly esteemed him4 ,he not only attended the ,state banquets and entertainments to which he was summoned1 but was frequently the guest at receptions of a private and a more intimate character at ,marlborough ,house and elsewhere4 ,in these pages there is only space to note a few1 among the very many directions in which he served the ,art interests of his country4 ,in foreign lands1 and in the ,colonies no less than in ,england1 he extended the knowledge and appreciation of the best ,english ,art by his unwearying exertions2 and yet it must always be remembered he ever remained a workman first1 an official after4 ,professor ,church1 appointed in #ahgi to the ,professorship of ,chemistry in the ,royal ,academy of ,arts in ,london1 has preserved letters and notes from ,leighton on the subject of pigments4#hj ,it is almost incredible that his mind could have penetrated with such accuracy into all the details of his craft as fresh questions arose as to the value of new vehicles and colours1 considering his endless labours connected with the wider interests of ,art1 and the absorbing nature of his own work4 ,but there exist over sixty letters1 and more than twenty cards1 dating from #ahhj to ,november #ahie1 two months before his death1 in which he proves his insistency to master thoroughly every detail of his craft4 ,he wrote3 ,it is1 ,i feel1 rather a duty in me to ascertain about these various new vehicles4 ,the following extracts may prove of interest and value to painters4#ha #hth4 ,,dear ,,prof4 ,,church1--,i write to acknowledge your letter of the #fth1 the information in which 7,jaune de ,naples7 is to me of very great importance indeed4 ,i believe ,hills to be really anxious to help us in the matter of medium4 ,i should be peculiarly glad if we could send forth a thoroughly trustworthy1 hard-drying1 supple1 and not yellowing vehicle4 ,let us consider it4 ,i find myself using a mixture1 roughly1 of equal parts of amber varnish 7,roberson's7 and oil of spike2 and1 say1 a sixth of the whole of poppy oil 7,roberson's73 that is1 #c_/g amber1 #c_/g spike1 #a_/g poppy2 but ,i vary according to the work2 and again ,i don't know what ,roberson's amber varnish is1 it does not seem very drying4 ,of course one would want a good middle drying power1 to which1 mixing the ingredients1 one might add any one at will4 ,i think that ,siccatif de ,haarlem has about that middle quality1 if ,i remember it rightly4 ,it is1 ,i think1 copal1 poppy oil1 and turps42 but it seemed to me to yellow a little1 why1 ,i don't know2 poppy should not darken4 ,chromophile is delightful up to a certain point1 and then the work sinks extraordinarily blind and tallowy2 and as you want something in the way of varnish at the end1 it seems desirable to carry that or some varnish in a moderate degree right through4 ,chromoph4 becomes a little milky in a bottle with spir4 of turp41 and turns bright green when left in a dipper4 ,your proposal to report to us annually is very valuable1 and could be worked to the general advantage4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i am delighted to find that you are in co-operation with my friend ,mr4 ,hills1 who has a warm and genuine desire to serve ,art and his friends the artists4 ,i find his poppy oil clarified with charcoal very delightful stuff4 ,am ,i wrong in thinking the action of the charcoal on it has been to render it more drying8 ,i think that a vehicle made with that oil1 amber varnish1 and oil of spike will be a very satisfactory vehicle indeed2 particularly if you can1 between you1 bleach the oil yet more4 ,chromophile is quite colourless4 ,the mastic varnish that won't bloom will be a great triumph4 ,pace our detractors1 it shall1 ,i hope1 be seen in time that the ,r4,a4 is not unmindful of the needs of artists even in the matter of material appliances4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i observe that you speak in your valuable manual of ,aureolin as a very slow-drying colour when ground with oil2 finding1 in use1 that ,roberson's ,aureolin dries1 on the contrary1 extremely quick--it is always absolutely dry the next day1 and ,i use no vehicle but ,bell's ,medium1 i4e4 linseed and oil of spike and turps4--,i wrote to ask him what he grinds the colour in4 ,he answers pure linseed oil without the addition of any drier4 ,this puzzles me4 ,where is the solution8 ,are there different kinds of ,aureolin8 ,when you have a leisure moment send me a post-card4 99 99 99 99 99 ,among the madders in your handbook scarlet madder does not appear2 ,i hope it is not a treacherous colour2 ,i use it freely1 but only mixture with other dark colours1 to give them richness4 ,i also use cadmium red2 is that wrong8 ,a line on a post-card will greatly oblige4 ,p4,s4--,of course ,i only use cadmium red when ,i want a very deep orange in drapery or sky--nothing could replace it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,feb4 #b1 #ahhe4 ,here is a little problem3 ,i thought all burnt colours were ipso facto sound4 ,roberson tells me that burnt white 7,chremnitz do471 a lovely colour like ivory1 plays most amazing tricks1 darkens and lightens again in rapid succession4 ,,why8 ,when you are in ,long ,acre make him show you his samples4 99 99 99 99 99 ,thanks for your letter4 ,i don't use any particular colours other than those you mentioned in your lectures1 although ,i thought of trying deep yellow madder again2 ,i used to like it very much4 ,i suppose you have the list--it is a very long one--of ,edouard's colours4 ,smith is his agent here 7#ad ,charles ,street1 ,middlesex ,hospital74 ,i use one or two colours 7,tadema ,i think all7 from ,mommen's in ,brussels2 his burnt sienna is superb4 ,asphaltum would reward study2 it was universally used by the ,venetians1 and seems never to have cracked with them4 ,i am very glad that you are steadily pursuing your collection of specimens and experiments1 which ,i hope will by degrees become an exhaustive one1 and of infinite value to the profession4 ,grounds1 too1 will deserve much attention4 99 99 99 99 99 ,kindly tell me whether there is any harm in putting a thin coat of mastic1 softened perhaps with a drop or two of oil1 over works finished quite recently but begun a year or more ago8 ,if ,i understand rightly1 cracking is caused by atmospheric action through the back of the canvas1 by distension of underlying partially soft paint and1 consequent disruption of the upper1 harder layer of varnish4 ,if the first painting is a year old1 is it not tough enough to resist the atmosphere1 and is it not anyhow pretty safe when the canvas is backed8 ,i suppose ,mutrie yellow is quite safe alone and mixed with other pigments8 99 99 99 99 99 ,thanks for your note4 ,yes1 ,i do like the white oil1 but ,i add copal to it if ,i want it to be very drying1 or mix copal on the palette with a slow-drying colour1 say a lake4 ,this1 ,i suppose1 is all right2 if so1 don't trouble to acknowledge this4 ,the oil of orange is delightful on account of its smell1 but dries less quickly than turpentine 7rectfd4 spirit74 ,is it not always better to have some resin in a picture throughout since it has to be varnished at the end8 99 99 99 99 99 ,april #ba1 #ahhh4 ,i am so much enamoured with the method1 so far as vehicle is concerned1 which ,i have used during the last year1 that ,i should like to feel quite certain that it is absolutely safe4 ,i use a single-primed canvas1 and underpaint with ,bell's medium and rect4 spir4 turps41 which1 under your advice1 ,i have in small bottles1 so that using it freely a bottle lasts a very short time1 and the stuff is therefore always fresh4 ,the mixture ,i use up to the end 7except when ,i now and then use the pigment alone71 and letting the turps4 rather preponderate as ,i advance4 ,i have found to my amazement that this mixture dries even in winter weather excellently1 and that ,i can use with it even scarlet madder and aureolin1 which1 at least the former1 hitherto ,i never attempted to use except stiffened with amber or copal2 and ,i further find that this mixture1 though of course it sinks to some extent 7and especially with the blues71 in the main bears up very fairly1 incomparably better than ,i should have expected1 and in fact quite enough4 ,before beginning to paint ,i rub over the part each time with ,bell's medium and saliva nearly equal parts1 or say five oil to four saliva beaten up with the knife on the palette to a white mucilage4 ,this1 if left alone1 makes a good varnish1 and is delightful to paint into4 ,so far1 so good2 at least ,i suppose so4 7,do you see any elements of danger8 cracking8 darkening87 ,but at the end something must go over it all1 if only to lock it up 7,i suppose71 certainly to get uniform gloss and strength4 ,i propose in the ,academy to put ,roberson's medium over the whole of my large one and to retouch with the same4 ,a portrait on to which ,i don't intend to work ,i should cover with mastic and a little poppy oil2 there is no harm in this1 ,i suppose1 and the small quantity of mastic is not likely to yellow1 is it8 ,i know this mixture won't come off1 but why should it8 99 99 99 99 99 ,may #cj1 #ahhi4 ,messrs4 ,reeves send me a colour in which ,i delight1 but which ,i have hitherto always avoided as being unsafe1 to wit1 indigo4 ,i suppose one ought not to use it1 ought one8 although my old friend1 and in some ways my master1 ,robert ,fleury1 employed it extensively in underpainting blue draperies4 99 99 99 99 99 ,december #bc1 #ahhi4 ,i have got a recipe--a very simple one--from a friend of mine in ,italy1 who paints a good deal in distemper1 and who in technical matters is quite the most leery person ,i ever came across4 ,in this recipe he mentions what he calls ,gum ,damar1 which he1 in his characteristic ignorance of spelling 7for ,italians are not very strong in orthography71 writes with an apostrophe1 ,d',amar4 ,now ,i presume he means ,gum ,dammar 7,i believe there is such a thing1 is there not871 but ,i should like to feel sure4 ,perhaps you will kindly enlighten me on a post-card4 ,the distemper itself is the simplest thing in the world4 ,it is only a proportion of water and yolk of egg 7he deprecates the use of vinegar71 to which he adds a certain number of drops 7,i have not the recipe by me7 of this gum4 ,of course it would be important not to use the wrong gum4 ,hence the trouble ,i am giving you4 99 99 99 99 99 ,january #bg1 #ahij4 ,i have just received from ,perugia the enclosed sample of ,gum ,dammar1 which you were kind enough to say that you would report upon to me4 ,a few drops of this 7by-the-bye1 ,i do not know how it is to be dissolved7 and the yolk of an egg stirred in water1 form the distemper used by my friend ,mariani4 ,i don't know whether ,i told you that he is rather an interesting fellow4 ,he is one of those extremely dexterous ,italian workmen-artists who know and can work in every material1 and whose forgeries of sixteenth century bric-a-brac1 cassoni1 reliefs in pastiglia1 c4 c41 have1 ,i am afraid1 not infrequently been purchased as original by very crafty persons4 ,several friends of mine who use distemper1 and he amongst the number1 tell me that by putting a preparatory coating of distemper over thoroughly dry oil1 you can with perfect safety interpose a layer of painting in distemper between two paintings in oil--an extremely valuable thing for us for recovering quality4 99 99 99 99 99 ,january #ca1 #ahij4 ,many thanks for your valuable letter4 ,i have had the information entered in a little book1 where ,i keep the outpourings of your wisdom on matters chemical4 ,thanks also for the card1 in which you give me a somewhat long name for my ,gomme ,dammar4 ,i suppose in an appeal to a chemist the first portion would suffice4 99 99 99 99 99 ,february #ad1 #ahij4 ,many thanks for your valuable note4 ,i may say in passing that the specimen of ,ruby ,madder sent by ,mr4 ,laurie appears to me to be inferior in brilliancy to both the ,rose ,madder and the ,madder ,carmine furnished by ,messrs4 ,roberson2 and ,i have no reason to doubt that the latter colours are perfectly trustworthy4 ,it will give me great pleasure to receive the dedication of your book1 which ,i look forward to seeing with pleasure1 and using with profit4 99 99 99 99 99 ,may #ai1 #ahij4 ,many thanks for your note1 which seems to open up an interesting point4 ,i gather from what you say that the mode of manufacture of a colour may affect its drying properties over a range extending from drying very slowly to drying very rapidly2 and ,i shall be much interested in hearing what your experiments lead to under this head4 99 99 99 99 99 ,january #cj1 #ahia4 ,many thanks for your letter4 ,i see that ,i had better wait for a final opinion until the few months have expired which you still require as tests of permanence4 ,meanwhile1 ,i am a little unhappy to see in the case of colour after colour the expression semi-permanent4 ,i do not quite know what that means4 ,let me know at your leisure whether it means permanent under certain conditions1 and1 if so1 what2 or merely in a general way that the pigment stands1 but only pretty well4 ,the ,rosso ,saturno ,i quite understand is to be set aside4 ,another perplexity is in regard to the ,burnt ,madder4 ,if the madders are in themselves sound colours1 as ,i have always understood them to be1 how do they lose their permanence by burning8 ,i should like to use the ,gialetto1 and ,i rather gather from what you say that ,i may do so4 ,i hear with interest what you tell me of your new varnish4 ,as for myself1 ,i have got to dislike the use of any resins in my work to such an extent that ,i have completely set them aside4 ,of course when a picture is finished it requires some gum1 not only to protect it1 but to bring up the colour to its full value4 ,will you let me know--but this will do at your leisure1 for the time has not come yet--whether a picture being painted as ,i paint mine1 exclusively with ,bell's medium and turpentine from first to last1 and1 ,i may add1 worked on up to the last moment of sending in1 i4e4 a fortnight later1 may on the walls of the ,academy be safely varnished with this new material of yours1 either alone or diluted with a little poppy oil8 ,i look forward with interest to ,heyl's ,madder ,green4 99 99 99 99 99 ,december #e1 #ahia4 ,i shall certainly try the ,heyl's ,madder ,green1 which ,i hear of through you for the first time4 ,laurie's daffodil cadmium is very pretty4 ,i have got some2 but my new delight now is yellow cobalt1 which you have found to be absolutely safe1 and which is absolutely delightful as a colour4 99 99 99 99 99 ,my tempera is come from ,italy1 and ,i am told that it is made of the tails 7feelers87 of the cuttle-fish 7sepia74 ,would you like to look at it again from curiosity8 ,i understand that with the reservation that it darkens1 ,i may use it with impunity in1 under1 and with the oil--that is enough for my purpose4 99 99 99 99 99 ,october #af1 #ahid4 ,will you kindly advise me on the tempera1 of which ,i send a tube8 ,it is used by my friend1 ,prof4 ,costa1 who gave it me2 he likes it vastly4 ,it coalesces with oil2 he uses it also by itself between two paintings in oil4 ,i have often longed for something to keep down the greasiness and slipperiness of oil paint when correcting or going over a surface often1 oil and water do coalesce sufficiently4 ,the most luminous thing ,i ever painted 7and it has stood like a rock7 was painted 7or certainly thickly underpainted7 with a vehicle made of starch and oil4 ,what this medium is1 ,i don't know4 ,please advise4 99 99 99 99 99 ,march #g1 #ahid4 ,forgive secretary again4 ,i am much obliged by your note1 and read with great satisfaction what you say about ,newman's golden ochre4 ,i shall now1 until ,i hear from you further1 adopt the motto ,ex uno disce omnes1 and assume that the yellow ochre is equally sound and serviceable2 although the colour is so much finer than any yellow ochre of my acquaintance that ,i cannot quite close my mind to a lurking suspicion that it is stimulated or refreshed by some foreign ingredient4 99 99 99 99 99 ,march #ac1 #ahid4 ,many thanks4 ,you send me good tidings4 ,the yellow ochre is by far the finest ,i have ever seen4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i enclose1 because we think 7,watts and ,i7 that it will interest you1 a specimen of purple lake 7not madder71 such as ,watts has used all his life1 which has been baking in the sun for two years2 it is slightly browner1 but more beautiful than ever1 and has1 you see1 retained its full body2 this is remarkable4 99 99 99 99 99 ,june #bb1 #ahid4 ,very many thanks for your interesting and exhaustive investigations on the ,french lakes4 ,i observe that in several cases you mention lakes having cracked4 ,i presume1 however1 there is no reason to suppose they would do this when embodied with other colours1 and that if otherwise safe they might therefore be used4 ,the purple lake used by our friend ,watts is furnished to him1 ,i have always understood1 by ,messrs4 ,newton of ,rathbone ,place4 ,i am glad to hear so good an account of the pale boiled linseed oil from ,may ,baker1 ,ltd41 of ,battersea4 ,i do not1 however1 gather from what you say that there can be any reason for substituting it for ,bell's medium1 to which ,i am much attached1 and which1 as you know1 is1 with the admixture of one-third rectified essence of turpentine1 the only vehicle ,i use4 ,this note1 of course1 requires no acknowledgment--anything you may have to say on these various points will abundantly keep until ,i get a further account of your investigations on the purple lake4 99 99 99 99 99 ,many thanks for your valuable caution4 ,amongst the lakes you tried1 did you include the garance nuance brun and do4 brun fonce8 ,both are superb colours1 and it would be nice to think one might use them4 ,it is very comfortable to feel that one has a conscience one can tune at ,shelsley4 99 99 99 99 99 ,april #ai1 #ahid4 ,i am about now to take up a large decorative painting for the ,exchange1 a work which cannot be done on the spot on account1 inter alia1 of the darkness of the place1 and will1 therefore1 be carried out here at the studio on canvas1 and then maroufle on the wall4 ,macbeth 7,a4,r4,a471 who is also doing one1 is using ,parris's ,marble medium1 in which1 a thousand years ago1 ,i painted two figures for mosaic at ,south ,kensington2 great brilliancy is obtainable1 but ,i rather fear a certain tendency to look waxy and almost shiny4 ,i myself incline to use ,gambier ,parry's material1 which ,i have used on the wall at ,south ,kensington and greatly like4 ,but now the question arises1 ought the canvas to be prepared8 and on this ,i shall be grateful for your opinion1 as the matter is very important4 ,g4 ,parry told me that canvas either could or should be prepared for his medium1 ,i don't remember which4 ,roberson's man tells me that ,madox ,brown and ,fredk4 ,shields 7,i think7 both had canvases prepared for a similar purpose4 ,i shall postpone ordering mine till ,i have your instructions2 till when1 and always1 ,i am1 in much haste4 99 99 99 99 99 ,april #bc1 #ahid4 ,many thanks for your letter4 ,i shall1 of course1 obey your instructions punctually1 and substitute paraffin wax for the ordinary ,brecknell and ,turner beeswax1 as prescribed by ,parry himself4 ,i will see ,roberson immediately1 for ,i should not think it right1 as he ground the colours and prepared the medium throughout for my two large frescoes at ,south ,kensington1 to abandon him in favour of ,laurie1 or anybody else4 ,you suggest that ,i should make a little experiment on a small canvas4 ,do you think that would be necessary8 ,i presume that the material will work exactly as it did before1 and that the surface will be--bar the granulation--very much the same as on a wall4 ,i ask this question1 because ,i ought to get to work immediately1 and ,i gather from a reference to your work that it will take several weeks before the process of preparation is complete4 ,i wish ,i could throw light for you on the verb maroufler1 and should like to know what subterranean connection there is1 or can be1 between it and the word maroufle which is1 as you say1 being interpreted1 a rascal4 ,at all events1 when the moment comes for the operation1 ,i must endeavour to obtain information from ,france1 where the process is in very frequent use4 99 99 99 99 99 ,february #bg1 #ahie4 ,a contretemps has occurred of which ,i think ,i ought to inform you1 as it relates to the very interesting subject of grounds and pigments4 ,robersons1 when they came to roll up my fresco to transport it to the ,exchange1 found that either the ground or the pigment--probably both1 as they are of the same substance--was extremely brittle and cracked right across1 cracking at a rather abrupt tangent from the circumference of the circle2 so that they immediately struck work1 and declined to go any further4 ,as far as the painting itself is concerned1 ,i do not believe that any serious damage is done1 because on re-straining it flat1 the cracks are barely perceptible1 and probably would not be at all perceptible in situ4 ,meanwhile1 if any question arises as to the ground1 it has occurred to me1 and it is on this point ,i wish to consult you1 that the cause may be the substitution of paraffin wax for the ordinary wax hitherto used in ,gambier ,parry's material1 which1 though perhaps not absolutely so durable as paraffin1 is sufficiently so1 and very malleable4 ,one does not see what else could have cracked in that abrupt and sharp manner--certainly not the copal1 which has oil in it and is further made supple by the oil of spike4 ,if it turned out that the paraffin was the peccant element1 ,i should be1 entre nous1 rather glad1 because it diminished the facility of the work4 99 99 99 99 99 ,with reference to the cracking of this work ,professor ,church writes3-- ,this unrolling was begun in very cold weather2 if the temperature had been a little higher1 nothing of this kind would have taken place4 ,the picture now shows no sign of defect or injury1 and is in perfect condition4 ,by substituting ceresin1 a paraffin obtained from ozokerite or earthwax1 for crystalline paraffin1 the chance of cracking is obviated4 ,the ceresin1 which should have a melting-point of #aej deg4 or #afj deg4 ,fahrenheit1 constitutes a safe substitute for the beeswax commonly employed in ,gambier ,parry's ,spirit ,fresco ,medium4 ,,foggia1 ,october #ae1 #ahie4 ,you will be surprised to get a letter from me with an ,italian superscription2 ,i am writing thus early before my return to save time4 ,when ,i was in ,venice the other day1 ,van ,haanen spoke to me1 with approval1 of a certain vehicle1 of which ,i had already heard before vaguely1 the invention of the ,french painter1 ,vibert4 ,you probably know of it1 as the subject of media has occupied you4 ,there are1 it appears1 three forms of this medium3 the vehicle for painting1 the medium for painting into in retouching1 and the final varnish4 ,as far as ,i understood ,van ,haanen in a hurried conversation--he was a little vague--the painting medium contains no gum1 only1 he seemed to think1 petroleum and oil2 ,i assume that in the final vernis there is gum of some kind4 ,i am perfectly satisfied with ,bell's medium and fresh turpentine for the very little use ,i make of vehicle in painting2 but there is always the difficulty of the final varnish in the ,academy4 ,i don't like risking mastic or copal so soon on work which contains nothing but oil 7and if ,i ever do use a little1 ,i put poppy oil with it71 and the result is that ,i generally varnish with ,roberson's medium1 which is safe1 but ,i fear a little inclined to yellow in time4 ,now what ,i want you kindly to tell me1 my dear ,church1 is the exact composition of the three ,vibert media1 and your opinion about the safety of using all three in the prescribed order2 and this ,i should like to know on my return at the beginning of ,november 7hence my haste in writing71 and also whether ,i can safely use these vehicles on work begun in my usual medium4 ,it is just possible you may not have heard of the ,vibert vehicles2 if so1 ,i would ask you to be so kind as to obtain 7of course at my expense7 a bottle of each of the mixtures and to test them carefully4 ,a line to say this has reached you would find me at the ,hotel ,royal ,mazzeri1 ,via #bj ,settembre1 ,rome4 ,with kind regards and anticipated thanks4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,hotel ,,royal ,,mazzeri1 ,,rome1 ,october #bb1 #ahie4 ,many thanks for your prompt and amiable answer4 ,i shall be interested to hear on my return the upshot of your analysis2 but ,i hate vernis in painting1 as ,bocchini tells us the ,venetians did1 comme la peste4 ,i am very glad you are getting on so satisfactorily with your work on the frescoes4 ,in haste 7for ,i have many letters before me74 ,p4,s4--,no2 ,i am sorry to say ,i am no better of my special ailment though my general condition is good4 99 99 99 99 99 #b ,,holland ,,park ,,road1 ,,kensington1 ,w41 ,november #h1 #ahie4 ,excuse the hand of my secretary4 ,many thanks for your note about ,vibert's varnishes1 which ,i shall accordingly dismiss from my mind--the varnishes1 ,i mean1 not your note4 ,one chapter in which is revealed ,leighton's serious inner life closed during the years he was ,president4 ,the last letter which has been preserved from his beloved master1 ,steinle1 is dated #bbnd ,november #ahhc1 ,frankfurt3-- ,,dear ,,friend1--,yesterday evening ,i received your letter from ,florence1 and answer at once1 partly to tell you how delighted ,i am at the result of the consultation with ,quarfe1 as also at your comfort and well-being1 and partly because this part of your letter has greatly roused my curiosity for a second1 which shall also tell me something about ,vienna1 ,verona1 and ,florence4 ,at the same time1 however1 ,i want to make use of a pause in my work to tell you that the first three coloured contours are completed4 ,to the painting ,i dedicated all my small skill1 and would have died in order to secure that the drawing and composition should produce a life-like effect2 ,i believe also that these pictures will look like frescoes in their surroundings4 ,some time after this ,leighton wrote to ,mrs4 ,pattison the following letter1 which proves that to the end he retained his great affection for ,eduard von ,steinle4 ,this friend and master died in #ahhf1 but whether ,leighton made this inquiry before or after that date ,i do not know1 as his letter is not dated3-- ,,dear ,,mrs4 ,,pattison1--,i saw a paragraph not long ago in the ,academy which concerned me deeply2 it did not say1 but it implied that my dear old friend and master1 ,ed4 ,steinle 7professor at ,frankfurt a_/,m7 is dead4 ,did you by chance write the note8 and do you know when or how he died1 if he be indeed dead8 ,his wife has not written to me4 ,i am anxious to have some certainty in the matter4 7,influenced7 --for good far beyond all others by ,steinle1 a noble-minded1 single-hearted artist1 s'il en fut 444 ,steinle's is the indelible seal4 ,in making any estimate of ,leighton's character these words should ever be remembered4 ,they prove how deeply rooted were those feelings on which his principles were grafted4 ,these words were no mere outlet for youthful enthusiasm and affection1 but were noted with reference to an account of his life about to be written for publication2 therefore we may consider them to be a deliberate statement made for a purpose1 when he had reached the zenith of his fame and was already ,president of the ,academy4 ,the design by ,steinle here produced1 called ,der ,winter1 in which the artist has drawn his own portrait when old1 throws a light on the mind and nature of ,leighton's master1 whose influence on him for good was greater far beyond all others4 ,written on the drawing are these lines1 penned by ,steinle3-- ,giunto e gia 'l corso della vita mia1 ,che tempestoso mar per fragil barca ,al comun porto ov 'a render si varca ,giunto ragion d'ogni opera trista e pia4 ,indi l'affettuosa fantasia ,che l'arte si fece idola e monarca ,conosco ben quant 'era d'error carca ,ch' errore e cio che l'uom quaggiu desia4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,i pensier miei gia de' miei danni lieti ,che fian se s'a due morti m'avvicino ,l'una m' e certa1 l'altra mi minaccia8 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,ne pinger ne scolpir fin piu che queti ,l'anima volta a quell' amor divino ,ch'aperse a prender noi in croce le braccia4 ,illustration3 ,,der ,,winter ,drawing by ,eduard von ,steinle ,no other member of ,leighton's family was ever known to have been an artist1 and neither his parents nor his sisters pretended to any knowledge of painting2 but respecting literature he had an interest in common with both his sisters1 also a very strong sympathy existed between ,mrs4 ,matthews and ,leighton in their love for music4 ,in answer to a letter from ,mrs4 ,orr relating to ,mr4 ,augustine ,birrell's well-known book1 ,leighton wrote1 ,i have read ',obiter ,dicta1' and am much charmed with its delicate humour and ease of its style4 ,i thought ',truth ,seekers' charmingly written4 ,with reference1 however1 to the ,browning chapter he continues3-- ,browning's obscurity hides a shorthand of which he keeps the key in his pocket4 ,a matter of form1 not of matter1 as ,o4,d4 hath it4 ,browning is not abstruse2 he is a deep thinker1 who therefore 7vide ,o4,d47 requires obscure language2 he is a most ingenious dialectician and a subtle analyst2 but he is not a great poet on that account--he is a great poet because of his magnificent central heat1 and the surface of interests over which he sheds it4 ,all this is rather late in the day to remark1 and one would not be exasperated by his friends if one had not a sort of feeling that they have done something to mar him4 ,you say he would not be obscure if he knew it8--distinguons4 ,his obscurity is not intentional--of course--it is inherent in a style which is strongly personal1 and therefore sincere--but is it in no degree wilful8--does he not accept1 virtually1 some such 7absolutely false7 view of his obscurity as ,o4,d4's8 ,a pity it certainly is2 ,browning is the last man who in his heart wishes to touch only the few--nobody knows better than he does that that is not the characteristic of the greatest poets1 and that not for that is a poet's soul kindled to a white heat4 ,meanwhile1 here is the fact that men of average culture and average brains 7,i claim both1 for an example71 and desirous of understanding1 as well as full of admiration for his powers1 often get at his meaning only by considerable effort1 and sometimes not at all1 and that not because the thought is obscure1 but because it is wilfully written in cypher4 ,the following letter to a friend of his sister's contains a criticism of ,leighton's on ,goethe's ,sprueche under the head of ,kunst3-- ,private4 #b ,,holland ,,park ,,road1 ,,kensington1 ,w41 #ag_/h_/ia4 ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,bailey ,,saunders1--,complying with your wish1 expressed through my sister1 ,mrs4 ,orr1 ,i have gone carefully through the ,sprueche under the head ,kunst1 and have marked certain passages4 ,i have1 however1 deferred writing till the last moment 7,i am starting presently for the ,continent71 partly because ,i have been overwhelmingly busy1 and partly because ,i am a good deal exercised on the whole matter4 ,to speak with entire frankness1 ,i cannot feel sympathy with the idea of the publication1 and feel that the connection of my name with it would imply an adhesion which does not exist4 ,on re-reading more than once the maxims and sayings in question1 which ,i had not seen for many years1 ,i find myself confirmed in my earlier impression of them1 that their value is in no way commensurate to the authority of ,goethe's great name4 ,some of them are1 in my opinion1 wholly misleading and some obscure2 some commonplace1 some irrelevant to the subject4 ,again1 my markings do not by any means always mean assent2 and1 on the other hand1 the discrimination between the value of a marked paragraph is often a nice one1 and is not represented by the difference between selection and omission1 which1 on the face of it1 seems assent and dissent4 ,in sum1 ,i ask myself what the outcome is--what is the selection8 it does not give to the world an important or instructive intellectual possession2 it seems to express the selection of the best by a particular individual 7who does not spontaneously desire to make such selections71 and in reality does not represent anything that he assents to throughout4 ,but why a selection at all8 ,i cannot refrain from asking myself4 ,the interest of these particular ,sprueche lies in the fact that they are utterances of ,goethe's 7and he gave them with a context7--but then what is the meaning of a selection8 ,you see ,i speak very bluntly in the matter1 but also sincerely2 and ,i have at all events shown my good will4--,in much haste1 yours faithfully1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,i am1 as ,i said1 just off1 but if you wished especially to communicate with me1 a line sent here would reach me after some delay4 ,though ,leighton persisted in affirming that he hardly ever read1 the number of letters1 and answers to letters from scholars1 referring to poems and general literature1 which exist in the correspondence he preserved1 prove that if he did not read he nevertheless somehow got a knowledge of the inside of books4 ,to a question having reference to the ,nine ,muses 7he was then painting his frieze ,music7 which he asked ,swinburne1 he received the answer3-- ,,the ,,pines1 ,,putney ,,hill1 ,s4,w41 ,august #ba1 #ahhe4 ,,dear ,,leighton1--,i doubt very much whether ,shelley himself could have answered your question to your satisfaction4 ,his scholarship was that of a clever but idle boy in the upper forms of a public school4 ,his translation from ,plato1 as ,mr4 ,jowett tells me1 and his translation from ,euripides1 as ,i know by personal experiment1 having carefully collated it with the original text1 absolutely swarm with blunders1 sometimes1 certainly1 resulting in sheer nonsense4 ,i fancy he may have been thinking of ,aphrodite ,urania1 and perhaps confounding 7as indeed it seems to me that a ,greek poet might possibly and pardonably have done7 the goddess of divine love with the ,muse who was not the ,muse of astronomy when she first made her appearance in the ,theogony of ,hesiod1 but simply the heavenly one in a general way1 as ,i gather from a reference to the lexicon4 ,i should have thought ,calliope or ,euterpe a fitter head mourner for ,keats3 but probably ,shelley wished to introduce the most distinguished in the rank of the ,muses in that capacity1 on such an occasion4 ,and if ,urania was in a certain sense the chief of the ,nine1 she would naturally be most musical of mourners4--,ever yours sincerely1 ,a4,c4 ,,swinburne4 ,as years went on1 ,leighton became more and more enamoured of the beauty to be found in our own islands1 and longed1 as can be traced in his letters1 that his sisters should share with him his intense love of nature4 ,to his elder sister1 who was in ,yorkshire1 he wrote in #ahhg3-- ,a broad shoulder of moor1 lifted against a great field of sky1 is one of the grandest and most pathetic things in nature 7see ,leopardi74 ,the beauty of moorland is that it has a particular poetry and impressiveness for every condition of atmosphere and weather4 ,again3-- ,i am very glad you like ,ilkley so much--moors have an immense fascination for me1 but all ,english scenery of whatever kind has charm for me4 ,it has two immense virtues3 first1 being entirely of its own kind1 it never suggests a1 to itself1 disparaging comparison with the scenery of any other country1 and secondly1 it is steeped1 every fold and nook of it1 in ,english poetry1 and is haunted with the murmur of the prettiest of peace-suggesting words3 home4 ,i wonder whether you both feel as ,i do the endearing quality in our old green-brown country4 ,it became his habit1 in these later years1 to visit ,scotland in ,september before flying off to his second home4 ,more and more did he realise the marvellous beauty of the scenery there4 ,he told me1 shortly before he died1 that the most beautiful vision he had ever beheld on earth was the one he saw when approaching ,skye by sea from the south1 when the sun was setting and illuminating the range of the ,cuillin ,hills with magic light and colour4 ,he wrote to his father from3-- ,,the ,,highland ,,railway ,,company',s ,,station ,,hotel1 ,,inverness4 ,accurately the charmingness of ,scotland1 it is the starting-point for everything4 ,but ,i observe that at the rate of writing ,i should fill a volume before ,i had given you the hastiest account of my journey1 so ,i will e'en cut it short and simply say that1 taking it altogether1 my too brief stay in the ,highlands has been a source of very great enjoyment to me1 if not of any particular benefit to my health1 for which indeed it has been too short4 ,i have had more than the usual proportion of fine weather1 and am corroborated in my old opinion that for beauty of colouring nothing north of the ,alps will compare with this most lovely country1 and that the wealth and variety of effects of light and shade is altogether unrivalled4 ,unfortunately1 working here is very difficult1 all the effects are so bafflingly fugitive2 nevertheless1 ,i have made three little sketches which1 though hasty1 will be of value if only to revive my recollections of the effects they very feebly render2 they were all done in one day2 and no one day since ,i did them has been such as to make sketching possible--except this the last and one of the most enchanting1 which ,i have spent delightfully but fruitlessly on the top of a coach4 ,from ,gressoney1 ,st4 ,jean1 ,september #a1 #ahia1 he wrote to ,mrs4 ,matthews3-- ,many thanks for your letter received last night2 as it crossed one from me to the ,dad1 which ,i hope he could read 7it was writ large71 ,i should not write again at once 7having1 of course1 nothing to say--except that it is1 pour changer1 a splendid afternoon1 and ,i ought to be out of doors7 but that ,i want you at once to tell the poor old ,dad how concerned and sorry ,i am to hear that he has been so ailing1 and ailing so long1 and how ,i wonder at his superb power of recuperation4 ,i don't ask in this letter how the ,dad is1 because ,i am sure he will send me a line in answer to my note to him4 ,but ,i have another reason for writing at once2 ,i want you1 please1 to thank ,lina with best love1 for her nice long letter 7she does not want a letter written from here71 and tell her1 before it is too late1 that ,i hope she won't give up her ,ballater without a very full trial1 because ,i know that it takes many people a considerable time to get acclimatised to that bracing air4 ,tell her also that ,i was myself going to suggest an ,ausflug to ,braemar2 if she goes to the ,invercauld ,arms let her use my name1 and she will be well treated4 ,i should peculiarly like her to see the ,lynn of ,dee--she will only have to scramble five or six yards off the main road to look down into the stream from under some of the grandest old ,scotch firs in ,scotland2 and ,i verily believe that the watching for a silent bit of those dark1 dark1 seemingly bottomless1 noiselessly swirling pools1 tiny as they are under the hollow grey craig1 will1 somehow1 whisper a big peace and a strange wondering fascination into her being2 the whole thing is not bigger than an expensive toy1 but it lays a never-failing grip on me4#hb--;,affectionate brother1 ,,fred4 ,to ,mrs4 ,orr when in ,scotland3-- ,august #bb1 #ahia4 ,if you can manage it go to a favourite haunt of mine1 the ,lynn of ,dee1 quite a tiny tumble of green waters in fantastically scooped grey rocks1 no higher than a cottage1 under astounding old ,scotch firs 7by-the-bye the grandest tree in the world to my thinking71 where ,i have sat interminably long looking down into the dark deep pools1 from which now and then a salmon leaps4 ,to me no spot about there is so fascinating4 ,,grand ,,hotel1 ,,brufani1 ,,perugia1 ,october #c1 #ahia4 ,,dear ,,lina1--,well1 ,i am glad you got to the ,lynn of ,dee1 though sorry that you could not be there in solitude and see it without sitting in a pool of water4 ,i am glad1 too1 that you saw the salmon leap2 ,i did not mention that most exciting spectacle because it is not by any means always on view--you were in luck2 but what you must make for another time is the bit three or four yards below the fall where the vehemence of the winter torrent has scooped and worn pools so deep that as your eye is drawn down past half-hidden submerged rocky shapes you come at last to absolute dark brown night1 and whilst you are conscious of a rapid1 swirling current1 no sound1 no faintest gurgle even1 reaches your ear2 the silent mystery of it all absolutely invades and possesses you2 that is what ,i faintly tried to put into my ,solitude1 of which a photogravure embellishes your staircase4 ,i am vexed that you had so much rain2 however1 you had a few fine glimpses1 and if a rainy day in ,scotland is like the ,scotch ,sawbath1 a fine one throws you the gates of ,heaven4 ,it is curious how much clearer the air is 7when clear7 than we get it south of the ,tweed4 ,i am glad that the ,dad has rallied so satisfactorily2 tell him1 with my love1 that ,i have heard from the gentleman in ,copenhagen for whom ,i carved the marble ,athlete4 ,he is benighted enough to say that in his opinion it is one of the most important statues of modern times2 and he wants my bust1 if there is one1 for his collection of portraits4 ,illustration3 ,,study ,,in ,,colour ,,for ,,solitude4 #ahij ,by permission of ,mrs4 ,stewart ,hodgson ,leighton also particularly desired that his sister should see ,malinmore1 ,county ,donegal1 when visiting ,ireland4 ,he wrote from ,kensington1 ,i am bent on your seeing ,malinmore4 ,and again1 from ,scotland3-- ,,inverness1 ,september #ac4 ,,dear ,,lina1--,i can't help feeling a good deal of responsibility about the melancholy1 treeless wilds to which ,i have sent you1 because ,i happen to like them vastly2 and ,i particularly feel that everything will turn on your seeing1 not indeed all or nearly all ,i saw--that is impossible--but as much as your strength will allow2 take your courage1 therefore1 in one hand1 your goloshes in another1 and your umbrella in a third1 and from the car--abseits--see the whole coast-line close to the rocks overlooking the sea2 there is not an inch that won't reward you4 ,there is a bit not more than half a mile from ,malinmore 7to'ards ,malinhead71 that is1 though small1 quite ,dantesque in its grim blackness 7a few wet feet im ,nothfall won't hurt you74 ,of course1 to do this well you must be in cars every day to take you in all directions to the point from which to make your ,abstecher--sometimes towards ,glencolumskill and the ,hog's ,back beyond 7magnificent71 sometimes towards ,malinhead1 where you must see every little bay1 including the ,silver ,strand4 ,at first sight the breaking up of the weather is a bore1 mit ,seitenblick auf ,ihnen--but is not as bad as it seems2 bad 7dirty7 weather suits these parts1 and the day will not dawn in which ,i shall have forgotten certain dramatic sunsets and the swooping of certain storm-clouds like the flight of huge fiery birds of prey1 more than once witnessed and deposed to on canvas by me1 over this treeless tract of moor4 ,,footnotes3 #eh ,athlete ,strangling a ,python1 exhibited in the ,international ,exhibition1 ,paris1 #ahgh4 #ei ,the ,arts of ,war4 #fj ,addresses delivered to the ,students of the ,royal ,academy by the late ,lord ,leighton4 ,publishers3 ,kegan ,paul1 ,trench1 ,truebner ,co4 #ahig4 #fa ,not everybody1 wrote the late ,mr4 ,underhill1 who for some time1 as private secretary to ,sir ,frederic ,leighton1 had special opportunities of knowing1 is aware of the tax upon a man's time and energy that is involved in the acceptance of the office in question4 ,the post is a peculiar one1 and requires a combination of talents not frequently to be found1 inasmuch as it demands an established standing as a painter1 together with great urbanity and considerable social position4 ,the inroads which the occupancy of the office makes upon an artist's time are very considerable4 ,there is1 on the average1 at least one ,council meeting for every three weeks throughout the whole year4 ,there are1 from time to time1 general assemblies for the election of new members and for other purposes1 over which the ,president is bound1 of course1 to preside4 ,for ten days or a fortnight in every ,april he has to be in attendance with the ,council daily at ,burlington ,house1 for the purpose of selecting the pictures which are to be hung in the ,spring ,exhibition4 ,he has to preside over the banquet which yearly precedes the opening of the ,academy1 and he has to act as host at the annual conversazione4 ,finally1 it is his duty every other year to deliver a long1 elaborate1 and carefully prepared ',discourse' upon matters connected with art1 to the students who are for that purpose assembled4 ,it is a post of much honour and small profit4 ,to administer the affairs of the ,academy1 to fulfil a round of social semi-public and public engagements1 and to paint pictures which invariably reach a high level of excellence1 would1 of course1 be impossible--even to ,sir ,frederic ,leighton--were it not for the fact that he makes the very most of the time at his disposal4 ',that's the secret1' remarked a distinguished member of the ,academy to the present writer some little time before the ,president's death2 ',sir ,frederic knows exactly how long it will take to do a certain thing1 and he apportions his time accordingly4'--,frederic1 ,lord ,leighton1 ,p4,r4,a43 ,his ,life and ,works4 ,by ,ernest ,rhys4 #fb ,while writing this discourse ,leighton wrote to his father3-- ,,perugia1 ,october #e1 #ahhi4 ,,dear ,,dad1--,you will be surprised to hear that your letter 7for which best thanks7 only came to my hands yesterday on my arrival here2 it had apparently1 after enjoying a junket through ,spain1 returned to ,england before its final despatch here4 ,the envelope1 which ,i enclose1 will amuse you2 ,ulysses himself did not visit more cities of men6 ,i am glad my ,spanish tour is at an end2 the insufferable heat1 the long journeys1 the frequent night travelling1 have conspired to make it rather trying to me physically4 ,i have never been thoroughly well the whole time4 ,here it is absolutely cold1 and ,i shall probably soon begin firing2 it rains also1 and ,i fear the weather is altogether unpromising2 but the air is magnificent1 and ,i am very fond of the place1 and ,i shall enjoy my stay as much as the necessity of writing my 7adjective7 ,address will allow4 ,my journey through ,spain1 though fatiguing1 was extremely interesting and very profitable to me for the matter in hand4 ,my stay in ,madrid was made more enjoyable by the extreme amiability of my very old friend our ambassador1 who brought me into contact with two or three interesting people1 from whom ,i gathered valuable information in regard to things ,spanish2 to say nothing of getting compartments reserved for me in trains1 c4 c4 ,it is rather fortunate that our diplomatic representatives abroad are mostly personal friends of mine4 ,post is just going1 so good-bye for the present4--,your affectionate son1 ,,fred4 ,leighton mastered the ,spanish language completely in the course of the few weeks he spent in ,spain in #ahff4 ,a friend who was present gives an amusing account of an incident which occurred when ,leighton dined with ,mrs4 ,adelaide ,sartoris after his return4 ,he was sitting next ,senor ,garcia 7only now just dead at the age of #ajb72 the conversation was being carried on in ,spanish4 ,mrs4 ,sartoris1 in astonishment and admiration at the fluent manner in which ,leighton was talking the language of which he did not know a word a few weeks before1 exclaimed1 ,but1 ,senor ,garcia1 do say he makes some little mistakes6 ,but he doesn't1 replied ,garcia2 he hasn't made one6 #fc ,mr4 ,norman ,shaw wrote the following letter the day after he heard this address in #ahia3-- #f ,,ellerdale ,,road1 ,,hampstead1 ,n4,w41 ,december #aa1 #ahia4 ,,dear ,,sir ,,frederic1--,i was so sorry ,i missed you last night4 ,after the election ,i went into the galleries to find my people1 and when ,i came out you had gone--and quite right too1 for you must have been very tired4 ,i thank you very sincerely for your most admirable address4 ,i had heard that it was to be on the subject of ,french ,art1 but ,i had not realised that it was to be entirely about ,architecture6 and as an architect ,i naturally feel very deeply its great and permanent value4 ,it is altogether a new sensation to have a ,presidential address devoted to the ,mother of the ,arts6 and ,i am sure its influence will be wide1 deep1 and lasting4 ,amongst the many regrettable phases of modern art1 there is none that ,i feel more than the isolation that the three great branches of art exist under in this country 7for in ,france ,i am sure it is quite different71 and ,i cannot help feeling that your address is a tremendous step in the right direction2 but1 alas6 ,i don't believe one in twenty of our colleagues understood what you were so clearly explaining1 and ,i fear not one in fifty cared6 ,but it is absurd to suppose that with the advancement of knowledge this state of things can last1 so it is intensely satisfactory to have it on record that not merely have we had a ,president that knew all that is to be known about the art1 but who also cared and loved it6 ,i thought your remarks on the ,french apse quite delightful4 ,i have always felt this strongly1 and though as an ,englishman 7,scotchman67 ,i like our square east ends1 still ,i am bound to admit that there is a logical completeness about a chevet that the square end cannot claim4 ,but ,i shall only weary you if ,i go on in this prosy way6 so thanking you again most heartily for your grand contribution1 believe me to remain1--,yours very sincerely1 ,r4 ,,norman ,,shaw4 ,,sir ,,frederic ,,leighton1 ,,bart4 #fd ,from a boy1 without any effort or thought on his part1 he exercised an unquestioned domination over others4 ,speaking of the days when he1 as a boy of seventeen1 first made friends with ,leighton in ,rome1 ,sir ,e4 ,poynter said1 ,he knew he was clever1 but he hadn't a particle of conceit4 ,i never saw him cast down1 he was always jolly and noble2 none ever thought of refusing him obedience4 ,again1 ,sir ,e4 ,poynter refers to these early days in his ,dedication to ,leighton of ,ten ,lectures on ,art3 ,i came to-day from the ',varnishing ,day' at the ,royal ,academy ,exhibition with a pleasant conviction that there is1 on all sides1 a more decided tendency towards a higher standard in ,art1 both as regards treatment of subject and execution1 than ,i have before noticed2 and ,i have no hesitation in attributing this sudden improvement1 in the main1 to the stimulus given us all by the election of our new ,president1 and to the influence of the energy1 thoroughness1 and nobility of aim which he displays in everything he undertakes4 ,i was probably the first1 when we were both young1 and in ,rome together1 to whom he had the opportunity of showing the disinterested kindness which he has invariably extended to beginners2 and to him1 as the friend and master who first directed my ambition1 and whose precepts ,i never fail to recall when at work 7as many another will recall them71 ,i venture to dedicate this book with affection and respect4 ,signor ,giovanni ,costa wrote3 ,i remember once in ,siena there was an unemployed half-hour in our programme4 ,leighton happening to go to the window of the hotel1 exclaimed1 ',the ,cupola of the ,duomo is on fire6' and as he said it he rushed downstairs to go there4 ,i1 being lame1 could not keep pace with him1 but followed1 and on arriving in the ,piazza attempted to enter the ,duomo past a line of soldiers who were keeping the ground2 but they would not allow me to4 ,seeing them carrying wooden hoardings into the cathedral1 ,i shouted4 ',you are taking fuel to the fire6 ,let me in--,i am an artist and a custodian of artistic treasures4' ,the word 'custodian' moved them1 and they let me pass4 ,when ,i got inside the ,duomo ,i found ,leighton commanding in the midst4 ,he was saying1 ',you are bringing fuel to the fire4' ,there was a major of infantry with his company1 who cried out1 ',open the windows6' ,leighton exclaimed1 ',my dear sir1 you are fanning the flames2 you must shut the windows4' ,he had placed himself at the head of everybody1 and the windows were shut4 ,from the cupola into the church fell melting flakes of fire 7'cadean di fuoco dilatate falde'--,dante7 from the burning and liquefied lead1 which would certainly have ignited the boards with which they had intended to cover the graffitte by ,beccafumi on the marble pavement4 ,our half-hour was over4 ,leighton looked at his watch and said1 ',in any case the cupola is burnt2 let us be off to the ,opera del ,duomo2 ,duccio ,buoninsegna is waiting for us6' #fe ,sir ,george ,grove wrote after the banquet in #ahhb3 ,dear ,leighton1--,let me say a word of most hearty congratulations on the brilliant way in which you got through your ,herculean task on ,saturday4 ,you are really a prodigy6 ,your last speech reads just as fresh and gay and unembarrassed as the first1 and every one of the nine is as neat1 as pointed1 as perfectly a propos as if there were nothing else to be said6 ,thank you especially for the reference to the music business4 #ff ,the following is one of many letters of regret expressed when ,leighton resigned3-- #ai ,,queen ,,street1 ,,mayfair1 ,w41 ,june #bd4 ,,dear ,,sir ,,frederic1--,i trust you will allow me to express to you the sincere regret ,i feel at your being compelled to give up your command of the ,artists4 ,to myself volunteering has always been so inseparably connected with your command1 that ,i cannot at present realise the extent of the blank which your resignation will create4 ,i shall ever remember with pride that it was under your auspices that ,i rose through the ranks and obtained my commission4--,believe me1 dear ,sir ,frederic1 very truly yours1 ,w4 ,,pasteur4 ,,sir ,,frederic ,,leighton1 ,p4,r4,a4 #fg ,the following correspondence took place between ,leighton and ,mr4 ,henry ,wells1 ,r4,a4 ,to ,sir ,,frederic ,,leighton1 ,p4,r4,a4 ,january #bg1 787 #ahhj4 ,i will avail myself of this opportunity to remark upon the statement you made in your summing up1 viz4 that if women were made members under the existing law they would not have the right to sit on ,council4 ,if you can establish this1 if you can show us that any one elected a member under our law can be debarred on the score of sex from taking a seat on the ,council1 then ,i will instantly allow that our laws do provide for the election of women1 and that the very ground of our argument is proved to be a quicksand4 ,when you endorsed the statement that came so naturally from ,millais1 ,calderon1 and ,leslie1 ,i felt the matter was serious1 for ,i saw at once that you could not do justice to our argument in the summing up because its very foundation was misapprehended by you4 ,although the question is now disposed of1 ,i beg of you to look closely into the matter and assure yourself of it4 ,i only wish ,i had known beforehand where your doubts were centered1 for ,i would have done my best to remove them4 ,i know you will find1 beyond all doubt and controversy1 that any one made a member by election can make good a claim to a seat on the ,council1 just as ,mr4 ,tresham made good his claim2 and it is because our laws provide for only one kind of members--a ,council-sitting kind--that we felt the necessity of providing for the election of a non-,council-sitting kind4 ,in making this distinction we follow the example of ,george the ,third and the founders of the ,academy 7who presumably knew something of the understanding upon which the two ladies became connected with the ,society71 for their decision1 when they administered the law in the ,tresham case1 excluded women from a privilege which could not be denied to a member elected under the law4 ,of course their and our interpretation is open to dispute2 but this much is beyond dispute1 that if the law is interpreted as providing for women being members1 then it also places them 7against the intention1 as we see1 of the founders7 upon the ,council2 and as the great majority of the present ,academicians have made up their minds that women shall not sit on ,council1 legislation would be necessary on either reading of the law4 ,the schedule of privileges to be given on the one hypothesis1 would on the other give place to a subtraction of privileges1 and either schedule would be determined according to the varying shades of opinions of the members4 ,there would remain only this difference in the result2 one schedule would be based upon a law that is open to varying interpretations1 whereas according to our method the schedule was based upon a positive resolution providing for the election of women1 thus removing the question from all future discussion and doubt4 ,h4,t4,w4 ,from ,sir ,,frederic ,,leighton1 ,p4,r4,a4 ,january #cj1 #ahhj4 ,in regard to the women question1 ,i perfectly saw your contention and the logical cohesion of your view1 and ,i was familiar with the ,tresham episode1 only ,i dissent from your view2 ,i maintain that there were from the first non-,council-sitting members--for 'members' the women certainly were4 ',it is the ,king's pleasure that the following forty persons be the original members of the ,society1' and they did not serve on ,council1 as the roster shows1 though all members were supposed to have sat2 of course the laws were for the original as well as the elected members1 and if the privilege could be refused to an original member whose name stands on the paper that says that all members shall serve in ,council1 it can and must on the same grounds be refused to elected female members after the custom is consecrated by ,royal sanction4 ,january #ca1 #ahhj4 ,,dear ,,wells1--,i should much like to hear what you wish to say about the office of ,treasurer--there are several points connected directly or indirectly with the office which it will be well to consider before ,i ask the ,queen to appoint1 and ,i have called a ,council for ,thursday 7the funeral is not till ,tuesday71 at which these matters may be considered4 ,it would seem advisable and convenient that the ,treasurer's work be done at the ,academy1 and not away from it4 ,i think also that the wording of the clause appointing a ,surveyor might be made clearer2 it ought not to be possible for any one to misunderstand or misinterpret its bearing4 ,unfortunately ,i have an appointment to-morrow afternoon at #d4cj1 and my work in the day is so urgent1 having to be handed over on a fixed day1 that ,i cannot leave it--would ,tuesday at five do8 say at the ,athenaeum1 or here a little later8 we should still be forty-eight hours in advance of the ,council4 ,in regard to the women question1 ,i perfectly saw your contention and the logical cohesion of your view1 and ,i was familiar with the ,tresham episode1 only ,i dissent from your view2 ,i maintain that there were from the first 'non-,council-sitting' members--for 'members' the women certainly were3 ',it is ,her ,majesty's pleasure that the following forty persons be the original members of the ,society1' and they did not serve on ,council as the roster shows1 though all members were supposed to have sat4 ,of course the laws were for the 'original' as well as for the 'elected' members1 and if the privilege could be refused to an original member whose name stands on the paper1 that says that all members shall serve on ,council1 it can and must on the same grounds be refused to 'elected' female members after the custom is consecrated by ,royal sanction4--,in haste1 yours very truly1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,i have said nothing in this letter about poor ,barry1 but you may imagine whether the tragic event has moved and haunts me4 ,to ,sir ,,frederic ,,leighton1 ,p4,r4,a4 ,february #a1 #ahhj4 ,i am very glad indeed to have the statement of your views which you have given me on the women question4 ,everything is now clear1 side matters are disposed of1 and only a single point remains on which we have to join issue4 ,on my part ,i hold that our laws are in a definite and unequivocal form4 ,that their foundation is in the ,instrument and that every addition to1 or modification1 or annulment of the provisions in that document has been made in the manner prescribed1 viz4 by resolutions passed by the ,general ,assembly and afterwards sanctioned by the ,sovereign4 ,these acts of legislation are all drawn up in a special way 7as to size and pattern71 to receive the sign manual of the ,sovereign2 and the tablets arranged in the order of their dates constitute our ,statute-,book4 ,i hold that no law can be changed or privilege taken away except by a subsequent act of legislation done in the prescribed manner4 ,on your part you hold that laws can be changed and privileges taken away by a custom consecrated by ,royal sanction4 ,thus the issue raised is very clear and distinct indeed4 ,i will point out that the question as to women sitting on ,council was only on one occasion1 and then only incidentally1 before the ,academy4 ,until the ,tresham case arose the ballot had been used in forming the ,council1 and consequently no question of rights could appear while that process remained unchallenged4 ,but whether we are discussing a single act of adjudication1 or such a succession of acts as may be called a custom1 is really immaterial1 because the sole question before us is this--can any act or acts other than those of legislation override and supplant the enactments of our law8 ,if it could be established that our laws must give way to the class of acts you point to1 it would then be the first duty of the ,academy to have our records minutely searched to ascertain what other laws have been supplanted by administrative actions sanctioned by the ,sovereign2 and the historical method so much discountenanced at our last ,assembly would in truth rise into paramount importance4 ,many cases would most probably be found4 ,we have one in suspense before us at this moment--the case of the engravers4 ,the laws of the ,academy distinctly provide 7but not more distinctly than that without discrimination members shall sit on ,council7 that a vacancy in the case of ,r4,a4 engravers shall not be filled up until the assent of the ,general ,assembly has been taken by vote4 ,since the making of that law only two vacancies have occurred4 ,they were both filled up without a preliminary permission1 and the ,sovereign sanctioned the election4 ,on your contention1 therefore1 the custom consecrated by these sanctions must override the law itself1 and nothing at this time stands between ,barlow and the ,queen's signature to his ,diploma4 ,the ,constitutional question you have raised is certainly one of the highest importance1 and ,i shall watch its development with great interest4 ,it is a matter of little moment what the view of an ordinary member like myself may be1 but not so with the ,president1 and ,i offer no apology for endeavouring to throw light upon the subject4 ,h4,t4,w4 #fh ,see ,chapter ,,iii4 #fi ,now in the ,tate ,gallery1 purchased under the terms of the ,chantrey ,bequest4 #gj ,the owners of ,leighton's pictures must feel satisfaction1 not only in the fact that in all cases the beauty of the forms and arrangements of line grow on the eye more and more the longer they are studied1 but also that the work itself improves by keeping4 ,i noticed this to be the case very decidedly in ,cymon and ,iphigenia4 ,i had seen it when completed1 the day before it left the studio in #ahhd2 and when it returned there in #aija 7the owner1 ,sir ,cuthbert ,quilter1 having kindly lent it for exhibition71 and was placed in precisely the same light1 ,i was surprised to see how much it had improved in tone during those seventeen years2 it had gained so very greatly in those qualities which suggest the feeling ,leighton wished it to inspire4 #ga ,leighton kept these precious studies he made for his pictures in a drawer where ,i was often invited1 rather apologetically1 to turn them over as if they were absolutely of no importance4 ,i protested against the cursory treatment they received at the hand of their creator2 and on seeing one superlatively beautiful study of drapery pinned on his easel one day1 ,i implored him to have it glazed and framed before it ran any danger of being rubbed4 ,he did so1 and always alluded to it after as that sketch you lost for me1 because1 being framed1 he lent it to some one--he did not remember to whom--and it never came back4 ,periodically ,i asked if it had returned2 ,no--some one1 ,i suppose1 has taken a fancy to it1 ,leighton would reply4 ,the pace at which he had to live in order to fulfil the work he had set himself1 enforced great carelessness about his own interests in such matters4 ,unfortunately1 after ,leighton's death1 the sketches were exposed to much defacement1 a natural consequence of their being moved before being secured under glass4 #gb ,ceiling for a music room1 painted for ,mr4 ,marquand1 ,new ,york4 #gc ,mr4 ,brock gave a replica of this bust to the ,leighton ,house ,collection in #ahig4 ,it is from some points of view the most characteristic portrait of ,leighton in existence4 #gd ,miss ,emily ,hickey1 the poetess1 was inspired by ,leighton's picture to write the following lines3-- ,,solitude ,o'er the grey rocks1 like monarchs robed and crowned1 ,high tower the firs in swart magnificence1 ,where1 winter after winter1 vehemence ,of the wild torrent's rush1 unstayed1 unbound1 ,hath scooped and worn the rocks till so profound ,the deep pool's depth that all the gazer's sense ,fills with the absolute1 dark-brown night intense4 ,the rapid current swirls1 but never a sound4 ,by the high grandeur of the silence wooed ,into its bond of comradeship1 the maid ,sits with the quiet on her bosom laid2 ,not on the great unknowable to brood2 ,only to wait a while till1 unafraid1 ,she see the spirit of the solitude4 ,e4,h4 ,,hickey4 ,oct4 #bf1 '#ia4 #ge ,as portraits1 the two heads ,watts painted from ,dorothy ,dene were superior to those ,leighton painted4 #gf ,this referred to a joke we had had with reference to a photograph ,mrs4 ,cameron had taken of my brother-in-law1 ,mr4 ,w4,r4 ,greg4 ,mrs4 ,cameron had insisted that all character1 will-force1 and superiority in general1 evinced themselves through the size of the nose and the height of the bridge4 ,the result was1 in trying to accentuate this feature in my brother-in-law's photograph1 she had made it almost all nose6 #gg ,among ,leighton's correspondence is the following interesting letter from ,irving1 who was an ardent admirer of ,leighton's1 and was among the first to join the committee formed to preserve his house for the public4 #ae;,a ,,grafton ,,street1 ,,bond ,,street1 ,w41 ,january #a1 #ahhi4 ,,dear ,,sir ,,frederic1--,i am glad that you are coming to ,macbeth1 and ,i wish you had been with us on ,saturday4 ,the seats you wish for ,i enclose1 though ,i should ever look upon it as a great privilege to welcome you myself4 ,ellen ,terry's performance is remarkable1 and perfectly delightful after the soulless and insipid imitations of ,sarah ,siddons to which we have been accustomed4 ,you will find the cobwebs of half a century brushed away4 ,there is an amusing article in to-day's ,standard1 which overshoots the mark1 and clearly shows how offensive it is to some minds to be earnest and conscientious in one's work4 ,but ,i need not point this out to you4--,remaining1 my dear ,sir ,frederic1 yours sincerely1 ,h4 ,,irving4 #gh ,needless to say that time was invariably forthcoming to welcome and entertain the friends he loved4 ,the following letter from ,costa gives a picture of his delight in so doing3-- ,,london1 ,dec4 #aj1 #ahhh1 #b ,,holland ,,park ,,road4 ,,dearest ,,tonina1--,a thousand thanks for the twelve letters which ,i have found awaiting me here4 ,i have just arrived from the station1 where ,i found the ,president1 who was shedding light all round him1 all radiant with his white beard4 ,note that the train arrived at a quarter past five1 and there was an hour's drive from the station to his house1 and then he had to dine1 and at half-past seven he was due at the ,academy for a distribution of prizes to the students1 where ,i1 too1 was to have accompanied him4 ,however1 in ,london there was one of those fogs which put a stop to all traffic1 and it took us an hour and three-quarters to reach home4 ,the cabman had to get down and lead the horse2 with one hand he guided the animal1 which was slipping on the ice1 and with the other he held a lantern4 ,what darkness1--the gloom of hell itself6 ,boys holding torches and shouting1 showed us the way2 foot passengers called out1 ',hi there6 look where you're going to6' but1 in spite of everything1 the cabman with his lantern banged into a railing4 ,at last we arrived at our destination1 having discussed all the way along the speech which ,leighton made at ,liverpool4 ,the dinner was ready1 and eaten hurriedly1 with the obligatory champagne4 ,i had eaten nothing since the morning4 ,whilst dining1 ,i got off accompanying him to the ,academy1 pleading my rheumatic pains1 and ,i ate like a famished and attentive dog4 ,but the ,president1 spite of the hurry he was in1 never once ceased from tracing the iron line along which ,i am to run as long as ,i am with him1 and so he has set me down for a trip on ,saturday4 ,good-night2 ,i am going to bed1 as ,i am deadly sleepy4 ,did you receive a letter of mine from ,castle ,howard8 ,thank for me the kind writers of the twelve little letters2 in the midst of these fogs they have been twelve stars to me4 ,a kiss to dear ,tonachino4 ,frederic was much amused by ,georgia's letter1 and embraces you all4 ,love to all1 from ,ninaccio1 who has the greatest possible desire to repass the ,channel4--7,see ,giovanni ,costa3 ,his ,life1 ,work1 and ,times1 by ,olivia ,rossetti ,agresti47 #gi ,it may interest his friends to know that the valuable collection of casts which ,mr4 ,copland ,perry spent four years in forming1 after visits to all the collections of ancient sculptures in ,europe1 has been ceded to the ,british ,museum1 and will be transferred from the ,south ,kensington ,museum1 where it has long been hidden away in a dark corridor1 to suitable courts in the new buildings of the ,british ,museum4 #hj ,professor ,church's ,lectures were given to the outer world beyond the ,academy in the form of a book1 published in #ahia1 and dedicated by permission to ,leighton4 #ha ,the questions raised in these letters have been very fully answered in the third edition of ,professor ,church's ,chemistry of ,paints and ,painting 7see ,index71 published in #aija4 #hb ,this spot inspired the picture ,solitude4 ,,chapter ,,vi ,,life ,,waning--,,death #ahhg-ahif ,already in #ahhg his friends noticed that ,leighton showed at times that he was overtaxing his strength4 ,on retiring from the ,academy as an active member1 ,mr4 ,george ,richmond wrote3-- #bj ,,york ,,street1 ,,portman ,,square1 ,w41 ,january #ac1 #ahhg4 ,,my ,,dear ,,sir ,,frederic1--,i have just received your most kind and generous note1 and thank you and the ,council for so promptly complying with my request to retire from the ,r4 ,academy as an active member4 ,to do it was much worse than making a will2 but1 having done it1 ,i am greatly relieved4 ,had it been earlier it would have been wiser2 but as delay has not forfeited the esteem of my dear ,president and others1 ,i am thankful and content4 ,but one word of parting advice ,i crave to offer1 which my admiration of your rule and guidance in your high office constrains me to make4 ,many of us have remarked that you draw upon your strength too severely2 my parting words then are1 and please accept1 follow1 and forgive them3-- ,spare yourself when you can1 that you may long be spared to give yourself1 when you ought4 ,and now farewell1 from your loyal and affectionate old friend1 ,,geo4 ,,richmond4 ,from ,san ,martino1 #bjth ,september #ahhi1 ,leighton wrote to his father3-- ,,san ,,martino1 ,september #bj 7#ahhi74 ,,dear ,,dad1--,i received your letter two or three days ago1 but have deferred answering till ,i could say something one way or another about my health1 for of course ,i have nothing else to tell of in these high latitudes4 ,well1 ,i am in fairly good trim1 and as well as ,i am likely to be till ,i leave1 for ,san ,martino will be shorn of my presence on ,friday next as ever is 7my address for the first fortnight in ,october will be ,hotel ,brufani1 ,perugia74 ,on the other hand1 if you were to ask me whether ,i am as fit as a fiddle or a flea1 or as a strong man requiring to run a race1 or a giant refreshed1 or a bridegroom coming forth from his chamber1 or whatever simile you like1 ,i am obliged to own that ,i am not4 ,i am aware that the air is superb1 and when ,i get on to an exposed slope and open my mouth like a carp ,i am further aware at 7and for7 the time--so to speak1 for this once only--of very gratifying symptoms2 then they are fugitive1 and my average condition is perhaps a little less satisfactory than on ,hampstead ,heath4 ,on the other hand1 of course1 such air must in some occult way be benefiting my tissues1 and ,i shall no doubt1 as the stock phrase is1 feel so much better afterwards4 ,meanwhile1 ,i undergo much humiliation2 whilst ladies make with comfort and ease delightful ascents to neighbouring peaks1 ,i humbly pant up an anthill or two1 resting at every third yard--puffy1 helpless1 effete4 ,and lest ,i should console myself with inexpensive commonplace about my years1 c4 c41 ,i have before me two acquaintances1 not climbers by trade1 one #fe and the other 7most charming of men1 ,sir ,james ,paget7 #gc1 who put in their twelve1 sixteen1 or even at a pinch eighteen or twenty miles to my one1 and back again without turning a hair or having a vestige of fatigue6 ,ugh66 ,i am most truly sorry that your strength did not enable you to see ,manchester2 but it is wonderful that you do what you do on the doorstep of #hi6--,your affectionate son1 ,,fred4 ,from ,tours1 ,october #cj1 he wrote to ,mrs4 ,matthews3-- ,,tours1 ,october #cj1 #ahij4 ,i hope1 when ,i get back next week1 that ,i shall find the old dad fairly well4 ,more can't be expected2 and especially ,i hope to find ,lina drawing within sight of the end of her anxious toil4#hc ,i am delighted to hear that she means to leave town again for a bit--a good bit1 ,i hope4 ,tell her with my love that she is to make herself very comfortable1 and not to look at the money1 but send for a cheque whenever convenient4 ,she must1 in justice to herself1 do her work under the most favourable circumstances she can command4 ,i have1 of course1 no particular news2 ,i have been visiting till now4 7,i am going to-morrow to ,blois and ,chambord47 ,nothing but old familiar scenes with the old familiar enjoyment1 in the more serious sense of the word1 but not of course with the old buoyancy of spirit--that must necessarily fade with every year now1 and ,i must be content with an occasional little flicker of the waning candle4 ,i have1 however1 been better in health during the second than during the first half of my holiday4 ,in ,rome ,i was the whole time with old ,nino1#hd whom ,i further took on a ,giro to ,siena and ,florence4 ,i also gave him a commission3 very few things could give him so much pleasure 7inside--he is not demonstrative671 and nothing is now so needful to him4 ,his lameness is not as bad as ,i had feared2 but he had a bad attack of his enemy1 rheumatism1 at ,florence1 and had to bolt back to his people4 ,of course1 too1 his anxiety about ,georgina1 my god-daughter1 who has only just pulled through a terrible illness1 has put a heavy strain on him in every way4 ,weather has broken up2 of late bitter cold1 to-day cold plus rain1 worthy of ,london4 ,on ,january #bd1 #ahib1 ,doctor ,leighton died at the age of ninety-two1 at #aa ,kensington ,park ,gardens1 where for many years1 every ,sunday when in ,london1 ,leighton invariably went to see his father and his two sisters at five o'clock1 remaining to the last minute before dinner4 ,this regular habit he continued after ,doctor ,leighton's death2 ,mrs4 ,sutherland ,orr living on in the same house and ,mrs4 ,matthews in the close vicinity4 ,in the autumn of #ahic ,leighton was advised to go to the ,hotel ,riffel ,alp1 ,zermatt4 ,what a stupendous view this is from my window1 he wrote4 ,weather in the main superb2 it is finest for this scenery when it is not fine4 ,knee still rather troublesome--nuisance6 ,am seeing a doctor4 ,in the ,october of the same year he wrote to ,mrs4 ,matthews3-- ,,verona 7,italy again671 ,october #b1 #ahic4 ,,dear ,,gussy1--,i hope you are not very savage with me for not writing sooner4 ,i've had a tremendous ,hetztour through ,germany--thirty towns in thirty days2 a ,yankee might be proud of it2 and over an area contained between ,luebeck 7,n471 if you please1 and ,berne 7,s471 ,vienna 7,e471 and ,colmar 7,w471 and ,i have made notes everywhere1 and ,i have a game knee1 with the result 7not so much of the game knee as of the hurried travelling7 that ,i have had little time for writing anything beyond notes of immediate necessity4 ,but you will be savage at hearing that ,i never received your ,munich letter 7alluded to in ,lina's last71 either at the hotel or ,postlagernd--can you remember at what date you wrote it8 ,i would try to recover it--,i hate losing letters1 don't you8 ,thank ,lina for her letter1 and say that ,i am concerned at the very poor and shabby account given of her4 ,she was going to send for the doctor2 ,i hope he was able to help her 7though ,i don't know on what plea one expects that of a doctor74 ,by this time you may have recovered from your cure4 ,what a rickety lot we are6 ,at ,perugia1 where ,i shall be on ,wednesday1 ,i am going under physic for my knee1 which1 though hardly more than an inconvenience1 is a very depressing prospect4 ,i have written to ,roberts1 who has sent me prescriptions which ,i shall have made up 7to-morrow7 by his namesake in ,florence4 ,my journey has been1 ,i am bound to say1 in a high degree interesting and sometimes delightful4 7,i wonder whether you were ever at ,hildesheim--its amazing picturesqueness1 ,renaissance houses1 carved and painted1 are enough to make your hair curl for the rest of your natural life47 ,but ,i have not bought a single ,german novel1 after all the trouble you took twice over1 except ,soll und ,haben1 which ,i have just begun2 how amazingly altmodisch and stodgy it is1 but evidently very clever4 ,i have grown very indolent about reading in trains4 ,wednesday ,i reach ,perugia--,thursday ,i shall take a holiday--,friday ,i shall--but enough6 ,in ,berlin ,i saw dear old ,joe 7,dr4 ,joachim7--7the only person ,i did see1 except ,malet1 the ,ambassador1 a very old friend of mine--very snug and good little bachelor dinner there--just as you are74 ,he 7,joe7 seemed very fit after les eaux somewhere1 and sent you kind messages4 ,he was pleased at my calling1 and came next day to see me off at the station4 ,in ,august #ahid he took his sister1 ,mrs4 ,matthews1 to ,bayreuth4 ,on his rapidly returning to ,london he completed the panel he presented to the ,royal ,exchange4 ,he worked hard at this for three weeks4 ,he then went to ,scotland1 and finished his holiday1 as usual1 in ,italy4 ,on his return1 after attending the first ,monday ,popular concert at ,st4 ,james' ,hall1 when walking to the ,athenaeum he was seized by his first attack of angina pectoris4 ,dr4 ,roberts1 to whom ,leighton was attached1 and in whose judgment and skill he had had great confidence for years1 writes1 ,i attended ,lord ,leighton for over twenty years4 ,i was constantly seeing and watching him4 ,he never was a robust man2 but all his organs kept in health till two years before his death1 when ,i discovered the commencement of the trouble that ultimately proved fatal4 ,i never told him of this condition1 as ,i felt its progress would be slow4444 ,he once told me he considered my fees to him were too small1 and asked me to increase them4 ,some years previous to this first attack ,leighton would say1 ,i always see ,dr4 ,roberts every ,sunday for him to tell me ,i am not ill4 ,in ,november #ahid ,sir ,lauder ,brunton was called in for consultation1 and he and ,dr4 ,roberts prescribed a course of ,swedish massage2 and to this ,leighton devoted the later hours of his afternoons for several months that winter4 ,work continued as vigorously as ever4 ,the pictures--,lachrymae1 ',twixt ,hope and ,fear1 ,flaming ,june1 ,listener1 ,clytie1 ,candida1 ,the ,vestal1 ,a ,bacchante1 ,the ,fair ,persian1 were the fruit of the last year's labours1 besides the sketches which he painted on his last journeys to ,algiers1 ,ireland1 and ,italy4 ,illustration3 ,,summer ,,slumber4 #ahid ,by permission of ,mr4 ,phillipson ,illustration3 ,,sketch ,,for ,,summer ,,slumber4 #ahid ,presented by ,h4,m4 the ,king to the ,leighton ,house ,collection ,very characteristic was the manner in which ,leighton faced his condition4 ,absolutely natural as he invariably was1 without nervousness1 and considerate to the last degree in not making his state a burden on others1 he never1 even at this juncture1 concentrated his thoughts on himself4 ,once when a friend implored him to draw in and not expend his strength unnecessarily1 he answered1 with almost impatience1 ,but that would not be life to me6 ,i must go on1 thinking about it as little as possible4 ,there was something of the boy about ,leighton up to the very end1 and in those last months much of the pathos of the boy who is known to be doomed1 but who plays his game with just as much eager verve up to the end4 ,mr4 ,briton ,riviere1 the comrade whose nature was so worthily tuned to ,leighton1 writes3-- ,one of the last times that ,i met him actively employed was at a committee meeting of the ,athenaeum4 ,he had some pain and difficulty in climbing the stairs to the committee-room1 and evident pain in speaking2 but because he felt that the candidate he proposed ought to be elected1 and that no one else would propose him with more earnest conviction than he could 7and he was the best proposer of a candidate ,i have ever heard71 he came there at all risks to himself and would have done so against all opposition and all disadvantages1 simply because he thought it his particular duty to do so4 ,this is only a type of the manner in which he treated all his official work during those last years of physical suffering which he fought so bravely4 ,watching him1 it was then ,i recognised that he was on the same plane as the seaman who never strikes his flag1 and at the last goes down practically unvanquished4 ,every day that grey pallor increased1 and that sunken1 indescribable look of waning life in the face4 ,nevertheless ,leighton lived much as before1 never making illness an excuse for avoiding any duty4 ,as matters grew more serious his doctors enforced a rest--a voyage--an absence from the ,may ,academy ,banquet4 ,at this juncture ,leighton tendered his resignation as ,president of the ,academy4 ,it was not accepted4 ,to ,mr4 ,briton ,riviere he wrote3-- ,,dear ,,riviere1--,many thanks for your most kind words4 ,i have been deeply touched by the generous1 and1 ,i must almost say1 affectionate attitude of my brother members in this painful conjuncture4 ,how much ,i value your friendship1 you1 ,i am sure1 know4--,sincerely yours always1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,he decided on leaving ,england for two months1 and fixed on ,algiers as a dry climate likely to suit his health4 ,it had lived in his memory also ever since the first visit in #aheg1 as a country singularly fascinating to him4 ,before leaving he fulfilled his duties as ,president in choosing the pictures for that year's ,exhibition4 ,these duties he had often described as the most wearing of the whole year4 ,his intense sense of duty1 and desire to judge in every case the interests of the individual artist together with those of art1 fairly and adequately1 inflicted a strain and entailed an indescribable fatigue1 he said1 even when he was well4 ,during those days in #ahie he suffered acutely4 ,from ,hotel ,continental1 ,tangiers1 #ahth ,april #ahie1 ,leighton wrote3-- ,,dear ,,wells1--,although letters do not leave these wilds daily and take an unconscionable time1 as ,i now find1 on the way1 ,i trust this will reach you in time for the first varnishing day1 on which ,i believe you hold the general meeting2 it carries with it warm and grateful--and envious greetings to you all4 ,these you will1 ,i know1 deliver to my brother members at lunch1 for then only is the whole body gathered together4 ,they1 knowing me1 will understand my humiliation at not being under arms and at my post at this season4 ,i wish ,i could ask you to tell them that ,i see much sign of betterment in my condition3 the slowness of my cure--if cure it be--is1 of course1 depressing2 but ,i shall comfort myself on ,thursday with the thought that perhaps1 at some time between one and two1 you are wishing well to one who claims to be a faithful friend to you all4 ,i look forward keenly to what will1 ,i feel sure1 be the admirable performance of our dear old ,millais4 ,unfortunately1 ,i have not the remotest notion of where ,i shall be when the news might reach me--in ,africa or in ,europe--but reach me it will in time4 ,you perhaps think of me as basking in the sun between blue skies and blue seas4 ,how different are the facts6 ,blustering winds1 occasionally rain1 chilly atmosphere1 everything murky and without colour6 ,a change should not be far off1 for this sort of thing has prevailed for a month and more4 ,i did not bargain for it4 ,i hope1 my dear ,wells--and indeed ,i do not doubt--that you are getting on well and comfortably with your vice-regency1 and am always yours sincerely1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,,tangiers1 ,april #be1 #ahie4 ,,dear ,,lina1--,the day before yesterday ,i received your nice long letter--you had not yet got mine from ,gib4--and yesterday one came from poor ,gussy1 and ,i am going1 as you will both believe when this reaches you1 to kill two birds with one epistolary stone4 ,first1 let me say that ,i am grieved--,i dare hardly say1 surprised1 for it is1 alas6 a wicked way you both have--to hear that neither of you has derived any benefit1 to speak of1 by your outing1 and you indeed1 poor dear1 appear to be a little worse4 ,the fact is that at our ages1 con rispetto1 when one happens to have pretty homes1 one does miss them under the discomforts and shortcomings of lodgings or inns4 ,as for me1 though ,i am fairly comfortable here1 ,i have whiffs of a certain ,house ,beautiful in ,kensington which are very tantalising4 ,how am ,i8 ,well1 ,i think ,i may at last claim a little improvement1 of course ,i give myself every chance1 and am superlatively1 disgracefully lazy1 and put myself to no tests2 but ,i notice this1 that though ,i have my regulation three attacks 7when not more7 a day1 they are milder1 ,i think1 and ,i know that ,i can get rid of them almost immediately by certain respiratory exercises my ,swede taught me4 ,this ,i assume is again no more capsules1 we shall see4 ,yes1 ,i do perfectly remember the old home in ,st4 ,katherine's at ,bath1 and should hugely like to see it4 ,i hope when the old inhabitant goes off1 it will fall into reverent hands4 ,no1 ,i have not yet tackled ,nordau4 ,i am looking forward to him much1 but have so far1 except some ,pater 7,greek studies71 mostly fribbled2 two or three ,spanish novels2 a few short tales by ,hardy1 clever1 but his figures are talking dolls1 taught out of a book2 ,l',innocente1 dull1 but not so coarse as ,i had understood4 ,tales of ,mean ,streets--now there1 if you like1 is powerful stuff4 ,for pithy terseness and absolute sobriety of means1 for subtle and humorous observation and scathing directness1 they are unrivalled2 but oh6 what a picture6 what a state of things1 and who shall ever let the light into the tenebrous and foul depths8 ,but how funny too1 and grim2 the old woman who pockets the ten shillings given for port1 in order that she may have mutes at the funeral6 ,have also read ,keynotes4 ,clever1 one or two even powerful1 but other than ,i expected4 ,who is the woman8 half ,norse8 half ,irish8 ,the writing is bad2 intentionally1 apparently2 a cross between an interviewer and ,ibsen for scrappy abruptness4 ,her keynote is belief in the immeasurable 7but not explained7 superiority of women1 whom no man can understand2 well1 certainly1 ,i don't know wo sie hinaus will4 ,i have had more kind notes1 this is a kind world tout de meme4 ,when stodgy1 elderly ,englishmen talk to me of the number of people who love me1 ,i feel quite a lump in my throat4 ,of another kind1 but pretty1 is the enclosed from ,w4 ,watson1 the poet1 whom ,i admire1 you know2 nice also the telegram4 ,i wrote a menschlich letter when her husband died 7,i have known them nearly forty years71 and again a pretty letter t'other day about the wedding4 ,but ,i must finish this scribble4 ,i shall be gone when you get this1 write ,algiers 7poste restante71 ,i shall get it some time or other1 but am still vague4 ,love to poor ,gussy4--,afft4 bro41 ,,fred4 ,leighton enclosed the following from ,william ,watson1 and the telegram from the ,comtesse de ,paris3-- #ff ,,cheriton ,,road1 ,,folkestone1 ,april #ah1 #ahie4 ,,dear ,,sir ,,frederic ,,leighton1--,may ,i venture to say1 somewhat superfluously1 what a delight it was to be made free of your ,palace of ,art on a recent ,sunday1 and how highly ,i valued the privilege4 ,mr4 ,wilfrid ,meynell had already made me happy by reporting the generous things you had said about my verses4 ,i wish the great pleasure thus given me were not alloyed by the news of your temporarily impaired health4 ,but in common with the rest of the world ,i hope those sunnier regions to which you perhaps feel more spiritually akin than to our own may quickly renew your full energies4 ,pray forgive anything which may be intrusive or otherwise unwarrantable in this letter1 and believe me1 dear ,sir ,frederick1 with very grateful sense of your kindness1 and pride in your good opinion1 yours sincerely1 ,,william ,,watson4 ,,sir ,,frederic ,,leighton1 ,bart41 ,p4,r4,a4 ,telegram4 ,april #af1 #ahie4 ,,to ,,sir ,,frederic ,,leighton1 #b ,,holland ,,park ,,road1 ,,kensington1 ,,london4 ,profondement touchee de votre si bonne lettre et aimables voeux pour ma fille1 je vous en remercie de tout mon coeur1 y voyant une nouvelle preuve de votre amitie4 ,je regrette vivement pas avoir le plaisir de vous revoir avant longtemps1 mais suis sure penserez a moi4 ,,comtesse ,,paris4 ,,buckingham4 ,on arriving at ,alger1 ,leighton wrote3-- ,,hotel ,d',,europe1 ,,alger1 ,may #i1 #ahie4 ,,dear ,,wells1--,i got your first kind letter three days ago at ,tlencen1 and this morning1 on passing through this place1 your very interesting account of the ,banquet4 ,i know you will not resent a very brief acknowledgment2 ,i have one day here only1 and a large pile of letters1 with a good many of which ,i must deal1 however laconically1 at once4 ,i need not assure you that your most kind words1 like so many manifestations of friendship that ,i have received1 touch me to the quick and will not be forgotten4 ,that my dear old friend ,millais could carry away his audience by his earnest and intense personality1 ,i was quite certain4 ,i rejoice in my heart at his success1 apart from what ,i feel about his affectionate and warm expressions4 ,it is worth while to break down1 to be treated with such infinite kindness as ,i have met with everywhere amongst my colleagues and friends4 ,i know you will like to hear that ,i am at last very decidedly better2 in another month--for ,i don't mean to come home sooner--,i really expect to be externally quite patched up--of course1 the warning and the constant threat will remain by me1 but ,i shall try to be careful1 and hope yet for long to be the devoted servant of my brother members in the ,academy4 ,meanwhile1 believe me1 always sincerely yours1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,p4,s4--,i trust you have not suffered in your throat1 which is a frequent anxiety to you from the necessity of much speaking4 ,i know how trying that is4 ,,hotel ,d',,europe1 ,,alger1 ,may #ba1 #ahie4 ,,dear ,,lina1--,in an hour or two ,i leave for ,europe1 and in three weeks ,i shall be home again in comfortable ,kensington4 ,i am grieved that you should have been worried--as well you might--by that idiotic report that ,i should not return to society or my profession 7,i wonder who invented it671 but you were fortunately soon relieved2 ,i think ,i told you about the trouble ,reuter and ,hardy took in the matter4 ,by-the-bye1 you were right in supposing that the long walk was also a figment of the correspondents4 ,i am very glad to hear that you and ,gussy are both at all events a little better at last4 ,my bulletin is chequered1 but certain things are satisfactory2 in the first place1 ,i see that fine weather and sun and pure air and the rest of it have nothing whatever to do with my condition2 this1 as ,i can't choose my climate1 is distinctly reassuring2 also1 the fact of my having been much better shows that ,i may hope distinctly for much improvement3 in the other1 a certain relapse which is now upon me shows how needful caution is1 only it is disappointing to have had to go back to capsules4 ,i have had in the main a most enjoyable time2 have been very fortunate in the weather1 inasmuch as the heat has not yet been intolerable1 and ,i have done some work which will be useful perhaps and certainly delightful as a reminiscence and suggestion4 ,a variety of untoward things1 one on the top of the other1 no doubt quite account for my1 ,i hope not durable1 relapse1 and ,i have no doubt when ,i write again ,i shall be able to report fresh improvement4 ,the odd thing is1 the bad effects last so curiously4 ,i understand hot railway journeys1 bad food1 c4 c41 telling on me1 but ,i have been now two whole days and a bit in ,algiers in utter idleness1 and a great deal on my back1 and yet this morning ,i got an attack lying in bed6 but don't let this disturb you--for several weeks ,i was much better and required no capsules at all4 ,this short little note will reach you1 ,i suppose1 on ,friday morning2 a line on that day or on ,saturday or ,sunday1 just to say that it has reached you would catch me at the ,hotel ,continental1 ,rue ,castiglione1 ,paris4 ,please tell me1 on the altogether improbable chance of my looking in on the ,channel ,islands1 what the best hotels are--,i must be comfortable4 ,best love to ,gussy4--,from your affectionate old brother1 ,,fred4 ,p4,s4--,i wrote to the ,p4 of ,w4's secretary1 asking him to say how much ,h4,r4,h4's kind words had gratified me--,i enclose the answer1 which is nice1 ,i think4 ,on ,leighton's return to ,london he resumed his duties as ,president4 ,he tried to believe what ,sir ,lauder ,brunton hoped1 but found it somewhat difficult to do so in the face of facts1 he used to say4 ,he1 however1 assumed that he was mending4 ,on #aith ,july #ahie he wrote3-- ,,dear ,,briton ,,riviere1--,very many thanks for your kind and thoughtful note4 ,do not think of postponing your motion2 ,i have already been the innocent cause of the postponement of two very contentious motions in ,council2 ,i could not think of standing further in the way--pray1 therefore1 proceed with it4 ,i had a nasty attack at that meeting but have felt no after effects1 and am no doubt slowly mending4 ,in haste1 yours ever sincerely1 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,fair ,,persian 7,unfinished at the time of ,lord ,leighton's death47 #ahif ,by permission of ,sir ,elliott ,lees ,from his account to his friends after his return1 his health had varied while abroad in an unaccountable manner1 except in one instance where1 as my husband and ,i knew from personal experience1 the conditions were normally unhealthy4 ,this evidently was the cause for his having had specially violent attacks at ,morlaix in ,brittany1 which he visited on his journey home--and where1 some years previously1 our whole party had become more or less ill1 owing1 it was thought1 to the unhealthiness of the place4 ,his condition was much the same as when he left ,england4 ,he worked steadily in his studio1 and received the guests at the ,annual ,soiree of the ,royal ,academy4 ,at the conclusion of the function a friend asked him how it had really fared with him--for apparently his vitality had appeared1 as usual1 inexhaustible4 ,i think the attacks must be greatly a matter of nerves1 he answered4 ,i have stood here three hours and a quarter and have not had one1--while ,i was dressing and fearing how ,i should get through it1 ,i had three4 ,leighton did not go to ,scotland that autumn but to the wild west coast of ,ireland1 again to that ,malinmore that had so greatly fascinated him1 and whose wild beauty he had longed for his sister to enjoy1 taking her courage in one hand1 her goloshes in a second1 and umbrella in the third4#he ,on his way there he wrote to ,mrs4 ,orr3-- ,,imperial ,,hotel1 ,,pembroke ,,street1 ,,cork1 ,thursday1 ,september #e1 #ahie4 ,,dear ,,lina1--,i was glad to glean from your letter of last ,thursday that1 taking it all round1 you are having a fairly good time1 and ,gussy ditto4 7,i can't stand wind either1 it aggravates my system47 ,i've never seen ,mull--should like to--but not being a sociable bird 7like you7 should wish to have no acquaintances4 ,is it ,napier of ,magdala8 if so1 ,i knew the old lord of that ilk2 indeed1 to be accurate1 ,i knew him even if it was not so2 or ,lord ,napier of ,ettrick8 if so ditto1 ditto4 ,it is always the previous lot ,i knew4 ,by this time you will have been to ,lindisfarne#hf 7lovely name67--if you did not enjoy the sands and the ,abbey you need not call on me again4 ,i suppose you are at home now4 ,in a week or two ,i shall no doubt know how ,i am4 ,just off to ,killarney1 then ,galway1 then ,malinmore1 ,county ,donegal1 where ,i shall be from 7say7 the #ajth to 7say7 the #agth1 your affectionate old brother4 ,in another letter he wrote to ,mrs4 ,orr3 ,i am too glad that you have made acquaintances--been a gregarious person4 ,if ,i make an acquaintance anywhere1 ,i have simply lost the game4 ,from ,malinmore on ,september #aith he wrote to me3 ,i'm sorry that you saw ,scotland in a mist2 its beauty is succulent colour--you want rain first and then a burst of sun--,i am enjoying unsociable solitude keenly1 like the bear ,i am2 health so so2 ,i'm sowing patience1 but so far reaping nothing in particular4 ,in a fortnight1 off to ,italy4 ,on this visit to his second home ,leighton began with ,venice1 from whence he wrote to me ,oct4 #ith3 ,the wind is howling and the rain pouring down in torrents--not a correct attitude in ,venice--,i'm no better4 ,leighton next went to ,naples1 where he wrote the following letter to ,mrs4 ,orr3-- ,,hotel ,,bristol1 ,,naples1 ,october #ah1 #ahie4 ,,dear ,,lina1--,i am sorry that you and ,gussy don't see your way to going to ,bayreuth1 since it is your health that seems to stand in the way2 other reasons are all my eye4 ,i ,,know from ,gussy's own mouth that she would particularly like to hear the ,siegfried ,tetralogy at ,bayreuth 7and this may be the last time of giving it there71 ,i know also that1 given1 of course1 the ,fuersten ,loge with its facilities1 you would like to go1 because you have said so4 ,well it will remain open in case you change what you1 fondly and perhaps sincerely1 regard as your minds4 ,i am very glad you take such a very sensible view of my ailment1 because it makes it more easy to speak of it2 ,i also live in the hope and1 almost1 expectation1 that it will fizzle out some day of its own accord1 and this enables me to bear up against the entire absence at present of any improvement4 ,i have at last finished my ,nordau1 which ,i have read through from cover to cover2 it is a very vigorous and remarkable book and of riveting interest to any one who likes polemics 7from outside7 as ,i do4 ,the author is at his best when he is dissecting a particular victim--say ,nietzsche--on the other hand one is not a little repelled by his astoundingly unparliamentary insolence1 his not infrequent disingenuousness and spitzfindelei and his curious narrownesses and lacunae4 ,the ,boecke die er schneidet when he gets on the subject of graphic art are quite comic4 ,the fact is he is in some respects absolutely devoid of perception1 like an otherwise most intelligent and cultured man who should have no ear for music4 ,what1 for instance1 can we say of a man who asserts1 as a truism1 that aesthetic and sexual767 feelings 7not sensual but geschlechtlich7 are not merely akin but actually cover one another to a very large extent6 ,i doubt whether there is anything chaster than the sense of beauty in abstract form2 he has no inkling of this4 ,when all is said and done he is himself in some measure a cryptodegenerate1 if ,i may so call him2 degeneracy is a ,zwangsvorstellung with him1 he sees it everywhere2 a curious instance is his seeing it in the fondness of ,english writers for alliteration2 of course he knows1 with his wide culture1 better than ,i do that this assonance of the beginning of words dates from the dawn of our literature2 he might1 no doubt1 say1 ,yes6 it is a ,rueckschlag1 but he would therein give another proof of his ineptitude in aesthetic matters4 ,in every ,art1 iteration1 of which alliteration is a form1 has ever been a powerful source of expression and charm4 ,meanwhile his last1 remarkable1 chapter ,therapie takes a good deal of the sting out of the book2 he owns that certain peculiarities--excess of sensibility and the like--are present in nearly all art1 that it is1 in fact1 only a question of a degree and1 he adds1 in a passage which ,gussy has marked1 ,who shall say where1 exactly1 madness begins8 ,amen6 ,and that little 7or large7 spice of something which might be madness if there was much more of it1 has given to us poor mortals some of our keenest delights--more grease to its elbow1 say ,i1 in my vulgar way4 ,but1 ,i say6 ,nietzsche66 eh8--,i've also read ,j4 ,kowaleski1 with great interest--but1 crikey6 what a creature to live with66 ,tell ,gussy1 with my love1 that ,i have got the usual two seats 7,queen's ,hall7 for the ,november ,wagner4 ,tell her to keep the day open4--,afftly4 yrs4 ,,fred4 ,from ,naples he travelled to ,rome to find his dear friend ,giovanni ,costa1 with whom he spent the last weeks of his holiday4 ,of this visit ,costa wrote the following in his ,notes3-- ,his last study from nature was painted in ,rome in ,october #ahie1 for the unfinished picture of ',clytie1' exhibited in the ,royal ,academy1 #ahif4 ,it was a study of fruit1 and he enjoyed working on it for several hours1 though he was then ill2 and ,i believe that the hours he passed in the courtyard of the ,palazzo ,odeschalchi painting these fruits1 which he had arranged on a marble sarcophagus1 afforded him1 perhaps1 the last artistic pleasures he ever enjoyed4 ,it is true that after this he went to the ,vatican1 to ,siena1 and to ,florence1 where he saw for the last time the masterpieces with which these towns abound4 ,but1 standing before the great works of the masters of the past1 he could only sigh4 ,he worshipped children1 and his pictures of children with fruit and flowers are among the most delicious and spontaneous work ever done by him in painting4 ,and ,i can see him again1 during the last visit he paid to ,rome in #ahie1 on his knees before my little girl1 to accede to her request that she should have a lock of his hair as a remembrance4 ,nothing could give a better record of two sides of ,leighton's nature1 often believed to be incompatible1 than the contents of the letter from ,naples to his sister1 with its remarks on ,nordau1 ,nietzsche1 and the like1 and this beautiful picture recalled by his old friend ,costa--,leighton on his knees before a little child4 ,the intellect which could crack the hardest of intellectual nuts was surmounted by lowly reverence for all beauty1 most ardently adored when that beauty came to him in its most innocent childlike garb4 ,writing to me on his return on ,november the #fth ,leighton says3 ,i shall try to look in to-morrow at five4 ,i want very much to hear ,fuller-,maitland's preachment 7,lectures on ,purcell were being given at our house previous to the ,purcell ,festival74 ,i am sorry to say ,i am no better1 rather worse4 ,on being asked the next day1 as he came into our house1 ,how is it8 the answer ,leighton gave was1 ,oh1 worse6 ,sometimes fifteen attacks a day4 ,on his birthday1 the #crd of ,december1 he wrote to his sister3-- #b ,,holland ,,park ,,road1 ,,kensington1 ,w41 ,december #c1 #ahie4 ,,dear ,,lina1--,the grand leaves in a mossy pot1 and the sweet flowers1 and the poems1 and your letter1 came all together4 ,i know you will let me answer you both on one piece of paper4 ,i know1 dears1 how true is your love1 and though ,i am not a demonstrative person1 it is very precious to me4 ,i know you will both like to hear that after an hour's innings between ,l4 ,brunton1 ,dr4 ,tunnicliffe his partner1 ,roberts1 and three most ingenious scientific instruments1 and after tapping and auscultating of my wretched ear cap fore and aft1 it was pronounced that 7in some mysterious way7 ,i am not worse1 but better2 well1 ,i am glad to hear it2 meanwhile my medicine is being strengthened1 and will be again in the 7pretty certain7 event of its requiring more strength4 ,l4,b4 quite hopes to rig me out for the ,may banquet4 ,much love to both from affectionate old brother4 ,on the #adth he wrote to his friend ,mr4 ,henry ,wells3-- #b ,,holland ,,park ,,road1 ,,kensington1 ,w41 ,december #ad1 #ahie4 ,,dear ,,wells1--,many thanks for your kind letter1 relying on which ,i hasten to nail you for the #bgth2 ,i shall be very much disappointed if you say me nay4 ,i never give a long notice1 in part so as to bring about a little shuffling of cards1 and relieving my guests of a certain monotony of routine which might in the end irk them4 ,i need not assure you that ,i am most warmly sensible to the vigilant and truly friendly interest which you manifest concerning my health2 believe me1 if ,i differ from you in not believing in the efficacy or feasibility of a suspension of activity for a year or two1 it is in no unreasoning or perverse spirit 7and let me1 by-the-bye1 say in passing that ,i have1 for a few days past1 certainly been a little better74 ,putting aside for a moment the fact that ,i have for the next year1 and more1 definite professional obligations in the way of commissioned work 7which is1 unfortunately1 not incompatible with having a certain number of unsold works671 to withdraw from ,academic duties would mean leaving ,england for the period in question2 it would be morally impossible to remain here1 apparently in robust health1 congratulated constantly1 as ,i am1 on my healthy appearance1 going about unrebuked by a very cautious doctor 7,lauder ,brunton71 taking the pleasures of life apparently without any stint 7as a matter of fact ,i am very quiet and regular1 and under continuous medical treatment71 and then shirking all its duties2 but experience has shown that ,i gain nothing by absence--by change of climate and the rest2 and1 on the other hand1 my temperament being what you know1 the withdrawal from my active life would infallibly prey on me and have a marked effect on my health through my spirits2 this is also the opinion of ,lauder ,brunton4 ,my care must be to live quietly but not idly1 and thus try to mend gradually1 as ,i doubtless shall1 in the hands of my doctor and my masseur4 ,if1 which ,god forbid1 ,i am pronounced still unfit in ,may1 ,i will bow1 with whatever bitterness1 to the judgment1 but till then ,i must not forego hope4 ,meanwhile1 you have all done me infinite service in prohibiting the ,discourse for this year--,i can't say how grateful ,i was for that6 ,i shall also avoid1 as far as may be1 all controversy at our table2 that is the worst thing of all by far1 for yours sincerely always1 ,,fred ,,leighton4#hg ,with the ,new ,year honours and among those bestowed was a ,peerage on ,leighton1 who was created ,lord ,leighton1 ,baron of ,stretton 7see chap4 i4 vol4 i41 ,antecedents74 ,needless to say1 congratulations poured in from all sorts and conditions4 ,one of these in writing was preserved because enclosed in a note to his sister4 ,january #ac1 #ahif4 ,,my ,,dear ,,leighton1--,i have just come back from ,italy1 and hope that it is not too late to tell you with how much satisfaction ,i read of the mark of honour that has been accepted by you4 ,i am not a passionate admirer of the legislative feats of the ,house of ,lords1 but so long as it stands1 it is well that such a man as you should sit there4 ,i hope that the thing has given you pleasure1 and for my poor part ,i rejoice both as a friend and as a humble admirer of art and genius that this honourable recognition has fallen to you4--,yours sincerely1 ,,john ,,morley4 ,not a word of reply1 ,i pray4 ,from his native place ,leighton received the following3-- ,when it was announced on ,wednesday that the ,queen had been pleased to confer the dignity of a ,peerage of the ,united ,kingdom upon ,sir ,frederic ,leighton1 ,bart41 ,president of the ,royal ,academy1 who is a native of ,scarborough1 having been born here sixty-five years ago1 the ,mayor 7,alderman ,cross1 ,j4,p47 sent the following telegram3--,sir ,frederic ,leighton1 #b ,holland ,park ,road1 ,london1 the ,mayor1 ,corporation1 and inhabitants of ,scarborough present their hearty congratulations on the honour conferred upon you4--,the ,mayor1 ,scarborough4 ,the next morning the following reply was received3--,the ,mayor of ,scarborough1--,sincere thanks for congratulations from my birthplace4 ,,leighton4 ,leighton had been loath to acquaint his sisters with the real nature of his complaint1 as he was aware how much their anxiety for him would be increased if they knew4 ,however1 he at last felt it was necessary to tell them4 ,very characteristically1 he chose the moment when they were at the theatre1 thinking it might produce a less painful shock when mentioned casually1 and when their attention might be distracted more easily4 ,it was difficult1 however1 under any circumstances to temper the blow4 ,leighton wrote the next ,sunday--,i do hope ,i shall find you better this afternoon4444 ,i ought not to have spoken to you about my ailment4 ,i received the following in ,somerset1 dated ,january #bj1 dictated1 444 ,as ,i am 7not to put too fine a point on it7 in bed with a very bad cough at this moment1 you will1 ,i know1 forgive my using the hand of a secretary in writing to you4 ,i see that you want a contribution for ,mrs4 ,watts ,hughes' ,home for ,boys2 ,i therefore enclose a cheque4 444 ,on the day following1 ,tuesday1 his doctors decreed that he should remain in his room1 but on ,wednesday1 the day after1 ,leighton insisted on getting into his studio1 where he worked all the morning from models4 ,in the afternoon he drove in his open carriage--certainly without the permission of his doctors6--to ,westminster1 getting out and standing in the raw damp of a cold ,january afternoon to watch the pulling down of some old houses which had interested him4 ,in the evening he wrote to me a letter1 which happened to be the last he penned4 ,a ,lecture was to be given for the benefit of ,mrs4 ,watts ,hughes' ,home for ,boys2 and in return for ,leighton's contribution ,i had sent him four five shilling tickets to give away1 offering to change them for half guinea tickets1 but suggesting it would be most rash of him to go himself4 ,however1 he intended to go1 and wrote that ,wednesday evening3-- ,,dear ,,mrs4 ,,barrington1--444 ,since you are good enough to offer to change the tickets for tenners1 ,i will ask you to do so1 and thank you in advance4 ,yes1 ,mackail's book1 which oddly enough ,i have read--for1 alas6 ,i never read now--is an exquisite bit of work4 ,when the ,lecture was given on the evening of ,january #bi1 ,leighton had left us already four days6 ,at five o'clock on ,thursday morning1 ,january #bc1 he woke1 feeling terrible pain and great distress in breathing1 but would not ring for his servant because he believed him to be delicate1 and thought it might hurt him to be disturbed so early4 ,at seven he rang1 and ,dr4 ,roberts1 who was telegraphed for1 at once saw that the situation was of the gravest4 ,sir ,lauder ,brunton also was summoned4 ,leighton's servant had promised his sisters that they should be sent for at once if the symptoms at any time became more acute2 but on his mentioning this1 ,leighton said he must not send for ,mrs4 ,orr and ,mrs4 ,matthews1 as they were both more ill than he was4 ,however1 as the morning went on and there were no signs of any change for the better1 the sisters were told of his condition1 and at once came--not leaving him till the end4 ,on ,thursday afternoon1 when he was supposed to be sinking1 and they were with him alone1 he expressed his wishes as to his property--the sums of money he wished given to various friends--adding that he should like ten thousand pounds to be given to the ,royal ,academy4 ,these were wishes expressed--not legacies1 as he left his whole property unconditionally to his sisters1 and believed that they1 as next-of-kin1 would1 as a matter of course1 be his heirs4 ,contrary to the doctor's expectations1 ,leighton rallied on the ,friday1 and hopes were expressed that he might recover from the acute attack from which he was suffering4 ,on his hearing this1 he exclaimed to his sisters1 ,would it not have been a pity if ,i had had to die just when ,i was going to paint better6 ,on the ,saturday morning the gravest symptoms returned1 and every hope vanished4 ,it was then suggested to ,leighton that it would be better for him to make a will1 and his lawyer was sent for2 but it was some time before he could arrive4 ,though the agony was great1 ,leighton refused all alleviations till his will was written out4 ,it was as follows3-- ,this is the last will and testament of ,frederic ,leighton4 ,i will and bequeath to my sisters1 ,alexandra ,orr and ,augusta ,newnburg ,matthews1 the whole estate unconditionally4 ,,fred ,,leighton4 ,mrs4 ,orr wrote3 ,when the official will had been drawn up and signed1 he said1 ',does this give my sisters absolute control over all ,i have8' ,on the lawyer answering in the affirmative1 ,leighton asked1 ',then no one can interfere with them8' ',no one1' answered the lawyer2 'they are paramount4' ,he was afraid that the brief paragraph was not sufficiently strong4 ,after signing it1 he said1 ,my love to the ,academy2 but his last words were spoken in ,german1 and meant for his sisters' ears alone4 ,then came the end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we went together1 writes ,lady ,loch1 to see ,fred ,leighton the ,sunday before he died1 and he said1 ',mind you come to my concert4 ,i have just settled it all with ,villiers ,stanford1 and it will be beautiful4' ,in about ten days after1 with aching hearts at the loss of so true1 so warm1 so great a friend1 we attended his burial service at ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral1 seeing such proofs of real mourning all along the ,embankment and streets1 for indeed every man1 woman1 and child had lost a real1 true friend4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,spirit ,,of ,,the ,,summit4 #ahid ,illustration3 ,,study ,,for ,,lachrymae4 #ahie ,all who were present must ever remember the last ,music in the ,march before1 when 7contrasting so strongly in colour and sentiment7 ,lachrymae and ,flaming ,june stood on the easels1 and for the first time the silk room was open1 hung with the work of ,leighton's friends2 how1 through all the beautiful strains from ,joachim and the rest1 a tragic note rang out to tell1 as it seemed1 of the waning life of the centre of it all4 ,no one said it1 but all felt that the last chapter was ending of those many1 many perfect pages in life known as ,leighton's music4 ,a voice sang with emotion ,charles ,kingsley's soul-stirring verse-- ,when all the world is old1 lad1 ,and all the trees are brown2 ,and all the sport is stale1 lad1 ,and all the wheels run down1 ,creep home1 and take your place there1 ,the spent and maim'd among2 ,god grant you find one face there ,you loved when all was young4 ,cruelly pathetic did it seem that one who had ever had the vitality of a boy1 who had ever been the inspirer and support of those weary overwrought ones whose wheels had run down before their time1 should himself be stricken1 creeping home the spent and maimed among4 ,the studios emptied1 and he came down the stairs with the last of us4 ,dainty figures of girls were dancing round the fountain in the empty ,arab ,hall2 and as he went to the outer door they flew to him1 throwing their arms round his neck4 ,they are all my god-children1 he said1 as each1 fleet-footed1 fled out of the gate4 ,a clasp1 a wring of a friend's hand2 then1 ashen pale1 tired and haggard1 he turned back lonely into the ,house ,beautiful--and that book was closed4 ,instead of strains of perfect song and music hailing their completion1 the six pictures of the next year looked down on the coffin1 and over a rich carpeting of beautiful flowers4 ,in the centre1 above the head1 the sun-loving ,clytie stretched out her arms1 bidding a passionate farewell to her god4 ,the coffin was borne away to the ,academy on ,saturday1 ,february #a1 previous to the funeral on the ,monday4 ,illustration3 ,,clytie4 #ahif ,by permission of the ,fine ,art ,society1 the owners of the ,copyright ,the following is a correct account of the public funeral1 written on the day it took place1 and forwarded to ,leighton's birthplace4 ,at half-past ten this morning1 by which time a dense crowd had collected in the neighbourhood of the ,royal ,academy1 the workmen commenced to remove the numerous wreaths from the ,central ,hall1 where the body of ,lord ,leighton has rested since ,saturday night1 and to load the huge floral car4 ,prominent among these wreaths was one from the ,princess ,christian2 but that from the ,prince and ,princess of ,wales was conveyed in a separate carriage by representatives of the ,prince and ,princess1 ,general ,ellis and ,lord ,colville of ,culross4 ,the wreath consisted of choice white flowers rising from a bank of delicate green foliage1 and attached was a card written by the ,princess of ,wales1 and inscribed as follows3-- ,life's race well run1 ,life's work well done1 ,life's ,crown well won1 ,now comes rest4 ,then follow the words1 ,a mark of sincere and affectionate regard1 esteem1 and admiration for a great artist and much beloved friend1 from ,alexandra and ,albert ,edward4 ,at the head of the card were the words1 ,to ,sir ,frederic ,leighton4 ,there was also a wreath from the ,empress ,frederick1 bearing the words3 ,from ,victoria1 ,empress ,frederick1 in the ,empress's own writing4 ,the ,queen's wreath for the funeral of ,lord ,leighton was sent from ,buckingham ,palace this morning to ,colonel the ,honourable ,w4 ,carington1 by whom it was conveyed to ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral4 ,the wreath is composed of laurel1 entwined with which are immortelles1 and it is tied with broad satin ribbon4 ,attached to the wreath is an autograph card from ,her ,majesty1 with the following inscription3 ,a mark of respect from ,victoria1 ,r4,i4 ,about five minutes to eleven the coffin was removed from the ,central ,hall1 and carried through the vestibule into the quadrangle4 ,a detachment of the ,artists' ,volunteers was drawn up here1 and saluted the coffin as soon as it emerged into the open by presenting arms4 ,the remains were placed in a glass hearse1 and the volunteers took up their position at the front and sides4 ,the pall-bearers1 relatives1 and others meanwhile formed in procession1 and punctually at eleven the cortege left the ,academy1 the crowd reverentially uncovering as the hearse passed into the street4 ,the whole length of the route1 from ,piccadilly to ,st4 ,paul's1 was lined with people2 but the crowds were quiet and orderly1 and maintained a clear space for the funeral cortege without the assistance of the police4 ,the volunteers marched with arms reversed1 and the remains of the deceased artist were carried to their last resting-place with every manifestation of mournful regret4 ,flags were at half-mast on many public buildings1 and as the solemn procession passed slowly along1 the remains were reverently saluted by the crowd4 ,passing into ,pall ,mall by ,charing ,cross1 the procession wended its way through ,northumberland ,street1 proceeding thence along the ,thames ,embankment1 ,new ,bridge ,street1 and ,ludgate ,hill1 ,st4 ,paul's being reached shortly before noon4 ,the service in the ,cathedral1 which occupied an hour1 was at once picturesque as a spectacle and impressive in its solemnity as a religious function4 ,more than an hour before the time appointed for the arrival of the funeral cortege1 the space available to the public in ,st4 ,paul's was occupied1 and a few minutes after eleven o'clock1 visitors of distinction1 who had been provided with special invitations1 began to fill up the reserved seats in the transept4 ,among those present were representatives of the ,royal ,family1 the ,german ,emperor1 and the ,king of ,belgium1 members of both ,houses of ,parliament1 including the ,speaker2 delegates from learned bodies and artistic associations1 as well as from the art committees of various provincial municipalities4 ,the first lesson was read by the ,dean1 and the succeeding passages were given by the ,bishop of ,stepney2 but the greater part of the service was undertaken by the ,archbishop of ,york1 chaplain of the ,royal ,academy4 ,the musical portions of the service were exceptionally fine1 and included1 as a somewhat unusual feature1 a trombone quartette4 ,lord ,salisbury had promised to be one of the pall-bearers1 but found himself unable to attend4 ,the pall-bearers were ,major-,general ,ellis1 representing the ,prince and ,princess of ,wales2 the ,duke of ,abercorn1 ,sir ,joseph ,lister1 ,sir ,j4 ,millais1 ,sir ,e4 ,thompson1 ,sir ,a4 ,mackenzie1 and ,professor ,lecky4 ,after the coffin was lowered into the crypt by a central opening directly beneath the dome1 the two sisters of the late ,lord ,leighton came to the front1 and took a last look at it4 ,when the coffin was lowered many beautiful flowers were placed upon it1 and again1 after the opening was covered up1 the space was more than covered by further wreaths sent by various ,academicians1 the ,royal ,academy1 students1 and personal friends1 many of whom lingered some time after the conclusion of the solemn ceremony4 ,scarborough ,evening ,news1 ,february #c1 #ahif4 99 99 99 99 99 ,leighton's death touched1 as did his life1 all sorts and conditions of men2 for he had been the true friend alike of the greatest and of the least4 ,the soil in which true distinction is rooted is of a quality too rich1 too fertile to be affected by class prejudice4 ,leighton's own life was made beautiful by the gratitude he felt for the joy nature's loveliness inspired in his soul1 and by the passion to make known through his work the mysterious treasure1 the never-failing fountain of delight1 ever springing up in his heart4 ,lovingly human1 he ardently desired not only to pass on his own joy in beauty to every fellow-creature who crossed his path1 but1 where he saw in any possible way help could be given1 to give it4 ,of the eager1 great-hearted ,leighton1 not a few can echo ,romola's tribute to ,savonarola--the last words of the great book whose pages he vivified with his art3 ,perhaps ,i should never have learned to love him if he had not helped me when ,i was in great need4 ,a light has passed that never shall pass away1 ,a sun has set whose rays are unequalled of might2 ,the loyal grace1 the courtesy bright as day1 ,the strong1 sweet1 radiant spirit of life and light1 ,that shone and smiled and lightened in all men's sight1 ,the kindly life whose tune was the tune of ,may1 ,for us now dark1 for love and for fame is bright4 ,,algernon ,,charles ,,swinburne4#hh ,illustration3 ,,monument ,,in ,,st4 ,,paul',s ,,cathedral1 ,,erected ,,as ,a ,,memorial ,,to ,,lord ,,leighton ,,by ,,his ,,friends ,,and ,,admirers ,sculptured by ,thomas ,brock1 ,r4,a4 ,illustration3 ,view of ,inner ,hall and ,staircase of ,leighton ,house1 with reproduction of ,mr4 ,thomas ,brock's ,r4,a4 ,diploma work1 ,bust of ,lord ,leighton1 presented by ,mr4 ,brock to the ,leighton ,house ,collection in #ahih4 ,by permission of ,mr4 ,j4 ,harris ,stone4 ,,footnotes3 #hc ,life and ,letters of ,robert ,browning4 #hd ,professor ,giovanni ,costa4 #he ,it was during this last visit to ,malinmore ,leighton made those sketches of the sea thistle 7see chapter iii4 vol4 i471 and also some last sketches in oil4 #hf ,leighton had visited ,mr4 ,pepys ,cockerell and his family at ,lindisfarne 7,holy ,island7 more than once when going or returning from ,scotland4 #hg ,mr4 ,percy ,fitzgerald wrote the following3-- ,being in the same club with ,lord ,leighton1 ,i could note many instances of his good humour and sweetness of temper4 ,i am happy to think1 for it was a high compliment from him1 that he made my acquaintance1 not ,i his4 ,he had always a pleasant word2 as when1 entering the writing-room with his hasty tramp1 he looked over at me1 seated at the window pencil in hand1 and rushed over in his impetuous way3 ,ah1 one of our trade1 ,i see6 ,he was particularly interested in a museum or institute at ,camberwell1 and one day thanked me most warmly for having gone down to lecture there1 and that it was appreciated by the people1 c4 ,this was good-natured4 ,the day he received his title1 an old gentleman of the club1 who did not know him1 congratulated him as he passed by in high-sounding ,italian4 ,he was delighted1 and poured out a reply in the same tongue1 adding some pleasant remark4 ,this little incident quite illustrates his bonhomie4 ,it is just what ,dickens would do4 ,i gave him a copy of ,sir ,joshua's ,discourses1 a presentation one to ,burke4 ,it was fitting that the modern ,president should have it4 ,how tragic were his last appearances at the ,academy soiree6 ,how jaded1 shrunk and haggard looked the once handsome painter6 ,he must have suffered cruelly1 and at the end seemed worn out4 ,there was something of a likeness to the lamented ,irving1 the same sweetness of manner1 the same grace and romantic view of things4 ,his dress was characteristic1 somewhat showy1 yet not scrupulously neat like a dandy4 ,his clothes1 like ,irving's1 seemed old friends1 and lay about him in roomy fashion4 ,his somewhat unkempt beard left some traces on the lapels of his favourite snuff-coloured coat with the flowing tails4 ,the blue or red silk1 its ends flying free1 was a note of colour4 ,three men of mark1 and on some points resembling each other1 had each this fancy for a somewhat theatrical attire4 ,i noticed that a nervous guest innocently presented to the porter a ticket for some artistic soiree1 which was declined1 to the embarrassment of the visitor4 ,but ,leighton promptly stepped forward1 and kindly came to his rescue4 ,it was curious that those three eminent artistic beings1 ,dickens1 ,leighton1 and ,irving1 should have perished from outwearing their nervous systems1 ,leighton and ,irving from heart-failure1 ,dickens from an overtaxed brain4 #hh ,a ,reminiscence1 ,leighton1 #ahif4 ,,appendix ,,presidential ,,address ,delivered by ,,sir ,f4 ,,leighton1 ,bart41 ,p4,r4,a41 at the ,art ,congress1 held at ,liverpool1 ,december #crd1 #ahhh4 ,i cannot but feel that to some of my hearers1 and to not a few of those who do not hear me1 but whom the words spoken in this place may chance to reach through the ,press1 some brief explanation is1 at the outset1 due as to my occupancy of this chair4 ,to them it is known that weighty reasons have for many years compelled me to decline all requests--and those requests have been frequent1 urgent1 and most gratifying to me in form and spirit--that ,i should publicly address audiences1 beyond the walls of ,burlington ,house1 on the subject which is to occupy this ,congress1 the subject of ,art4 ,it is not without some compunction that ,i have followed this course1 but the exigencies1 on the one hand1 of the duties of my office1 and1 on the other1 a firm purpose1 which you will not1 ,i hope1 rebuke1 to remain always and before all things a working artist1 have left to my too limited strength and powers no alternative but that which ,i have adopted4 ,nevertheless1 ,i have felt justified in obeying the summons of the founders of this ,congress--and for this reason that1 while the far-reaching character of the effort here initiated1 and my earnest desire to contribute1 in however small a measure1 to whatever of good may flow from it have seemed to make it incumbent on me to accept the duty of saying a few words on this occasion1 its comprehensive and national character lifts it into a category wholly apart from and outside the sphere of purely local interests such as those which ,i had hitherto been invited to support4 ,i trust ,i shall be pardoned this short obtrusion of private considerations1 and that you will see in it not a movement of egotism but the discharge of a simple debt of courtesy2 which said1 let me address myself to the task imposed upon me--the task of showing cause and need for the existence of the association which inaugurates to-day its public work1 and of arousing1 if it is in my power1 your efficient sympathy in that work1 that it may not remain barren and without fruit4 ,but here ,i am at once conscious of a perplexity lurking in your minds4 ,why1 ,i hear you ask1 should an organisation have been called into life for the sole purpose of considering in public matters relating to the development and spread of art in this country8 ,what hitherto unfulfilled ends do you seek to achieve8 ,do you aim at the wider extension of artistic education in this country8 ,but vast sums from the public purse are annually devoted to its promotion2 schools of art multiply1 one might almost say swarm1 over the face of the land4 ,or do you tax the great municipal bodies of ,england with remissness on this score8 ,but day by day efforts in this direction among the great provincial centres of trade and industry become more marked and effectual4 ,no announcement more frequently meets our eyes than that of the opening1 with due ceremony and circumstance1 and seemingly with full recognition that the event is an important one1 of spacious public galleries for the annual exhibition1 or for the permanent housing1 of works of contemporary art4 ,or does art find private individuals lacking in that noble spirit which so often prompts ,englishmen to devote to the enjoyment and profit of their fellow-citizens a large share of the wealth gained by them in the pursuit of their avocations8 ,but a great gallery of art which rises hard by across the road would shame and silence any such assertion4 ,or1 again1 can it be denied that what encouragement to artists is afforded by the purchase of innumerable pictures1 at all events1 was never more liberally meted out to them than within our generation1 and does not the crowding of exhibitions1 of which the name is legion1 evince abundantly the responsive attitude of the country1 as far at least as one of the arts is concerned8 ,are not statues multiplying in our streets8 ,is not architecture1 as an art1 finding at this time increasing1 if tardy1 acceptance at the hands of private individuals8 ,is not a wholesome sense dawning among us that even a private dwelling should not offend1 nay1 should conciliate1 the eye of the passer-by in our public thoroughfares8 and lastly1 has not a more than marked improvement taken place within our day in the character of all those intimate domestic surroundings which are the daily diet of our eyes1 and should be daily their delight8 ,are these not facts patent to all1 and do they not seem to cut from under your feet the ground on which you seek to stand8 ,yes1 all this and more may be said2 and ,i should be blind as an observer--,i should be ungrateful as one speaking in the name of artists--did ,i not recognise the force of these words which ,i have put into the mouth of an imaginary querist4 ,i acknowledge with joy that there is in all these facts1 and still more in their significance1 much on which we may justly congratulate ourselves1 much that points to a quickening consciousness1 a stirring of slumbering aesthetic impulse1 a receptive readiness1 a growing malleability in the general temper1 which promise well2 and it is precisely such a condition of things which justifies our hope of good results from this ,congress1 and in it we find our best encouragement4 ,well1 what then is our charge in respect to the present relation of the country to art8 ,what are the shortcomings for which we are here to seek a remedy8 ,our charge is that with the great majority of ,englishmen the appreciation of art1 as art1 is blunt1 is superficial1 is desultory1 is spasmodic2 that our countrymen have no adequate perception of the place of art as an element of national greatness2 that they do not count its achievements among the sources of their national pride2 that they do not appreciate its vital importance in the present day to certain branches of national prosperity2 that while what is excellent receives from them honour and recognition1 what is ignoble and hideous is not detested by them1 is1 indeed1 accepted and borne with a dull1 indifferent acquiescence2 that the aesthetic consciousness is not with them a living force1 impelling them towards the beautiful1 and rebelling against the unsightly4 ,we charge that while a desire to possess works of art1 but especially pictures1 is very widespread1 it is in a large number1 perhaps in a majority of cases1 not the essential quality of art that has attracted the purchaser to his acquisition2 not the emanation of beauty in any one of its innumerable forms1 but something outside and wholly independent of art4 ,in a word1 there is1 we charge1 among the many in our country1 little consciousness that every product of men's hands claiming to rank as a work of art1 be it lofty in its uses and monumental1 or lowly and dedicated to humble ends1 be it a temple or a palace1 the sacred home of prayer or a ,sovereign's boasted seat1 be it a statue or a picture1 or any implement or utensil bearing the traces of an artist's thought and the imprint of an artist's finger--there is1 ,i say1 little adequate consciousness that each of these works is a work of art only on condition that1 is a work of art exactly in proportion as1 it contains within itself the precious spark from the ,promethean rod1 the divine fire-germ of living beauty2 and that the presence of this divine germ ennobles and lifts into one and the same family every creation which reveals it2 for even as the life-sustaining fire which streams out in splendour from the sun's molten heart is one with the fire which lurks for our uses in the grey and homely flint1 so the vital flame of beauty is one and the same1 though kindled now to higher and now to humbler purpose1 whether it be manifest in the creations of a ,phidias or of a ,michael ,angelo1 of an ,ictinus or of some nameless builder of a sublime cathedral2 in a jewel designed by ,holbein or a lamp from ,pompeii1 a sword-hilt from ,toledo1 a caprice in ivory from ,japan or the enamelled frontlet of an ,egyptian queen4 ,we say1 further1 that the absence of this perception is fraught with infinite mischief1 direct and indirect1 to the development of art among us1 tending1 as it does1 to divorce from it whole classes of industrial production1 and incalculably narrowing the field of the influence of beauty in our lives4 ,and with the absence of this true aesthetic instinct1 we find not unnaturally the absence of any national consciousness that the sense of what is beautiful1 and the manifestation of that sense through the language of art1 adorn and exalt a people in the face of the world and before the tribunal of history2 a national consciousness which should become a national conscience--a sense1 that is1 of public duty and of a collective responsibility in regard to this loveliest flower of civilisation4 ,well1 it is in the belief that the consciousness of which ,i have spoken is rather dormant with us than absent1 waiting to be aroused rather than wholly wanting1 that the founders of this ,association have initiated the movement which has brought you together1 and laid upon me the ungracious task to which ,i am now addressing myself--a task ,i have accepted in the hope that1 at least1 some good to others may come out of the wreck and ruin of any character for courtesy which may hitherto have been conceded to me4 ,but let us now look closer into my indictment2 and let us1 first1 for a moment1 and by way of getting at a standard1 turn our thoughts to one or two of those races among which art has reached its highest level and round whose memory art has shed an inextinguishable splendour4 ,let us first consider the ,greek race in the day of its greatest achievements and the most perfect balance of its transcendent gifts4 ,what is it that impresses us most in the contemplation of the artistic activity of this race8 ,it is1 first1 that the stirring aesthetic instinct1 the impulse towards and absolute need of beauty1 was universal with it1 and lay1 a living force1 at the root of its emotional being2 and1 secondly1 that the ,greeks were conscious of this impulse as of a just source of pride and a sign of their supremacy among the nations4 ,so saturated were they with it that whatever left their hands bore its stamp4 ,whatever of ,greek work has been preserved to us1 temple or statue1 vessel or implement1 is marked with the same attributes of stately and rhythmic beauty2 in all their creations1 from the highest to the lowest1 one spirit lives1 and whatever be the rank of each of these creations in the hierarchy of works of art1 in one thing they are even-born and kin--in the spirit of loveliness4 ,and of the dignity of this artistic instinct1 which they regarded as their birthright1 they were1 as ,i have said1 proudly conscious4 ,would you have an instance of this high consciousness8 ,here is one4 ,at the end of the first year of the ,peloponnesian war the ,athenians having1 according to ancestral custom1 decreed a public funeral to those who had fallen in battle1 ,pericles1 the son of ,xanthippus1 was chosen by them to speak the praises of the dead4 ,it is a famous speech1 that in which he obeyed their injunction1 and it opens with a lofty eulogy of the ,republic for which the heroes whom they mourned had fallen4 ,in this magnificent song of praise he enumerates the virtues of the ,athenians2 he shows them heroic1 wise1 just1 tolerant1 lovers of beauty1 philosophers--in all things foremost amongst men4 ,mark this6 ,at a celebration of the most moving solemnity--in a breathing space between two acts of a gigantic international struggle for hegemony--you have here a great statesman enumerating the titles of his fellow-citizens to headship among the nations1 and placing not at the end of his panegyric and as an oratorical embellishment1 but in its very heart and centre1 these words3 ,we love the beautiful4 ,but we may gain1 perhaps1 a yet more vivid sense of the extent to which the artistic impulse possessed and filled this people in the fascinating epitome of ,grecian handicraft which is presented to us in ,pompeii1 or rather in the ,museo ,nazionale at ,naples4 ,here you have the work1 not of ,athenian ,greeks1 of the ,periclean or of the ,alexandrian age1 but the work of provincial ,greeks inhabiting a watering-place of no very great importance1 in the first century of our era2 a period as far removed from the days of the ,parthenon sculptures as we are from the days of the ,canterbury ,tales4 ,and what a display it is6 ,how full of interest6 ,here we are admitted into the most intimate privacy of a multitude of ,pompeian houses--the kitchens1 the pantries1 the cellars of the contemporaries of the ,plinies have here no secret for us2 indeed1 for aught we know1 more than one of those dinners of which that delicate bon vivant1 the nephew of the naturalist1 was so appreciative a judge may have been cooked in one of these very ranges1 one of these ladles may have skimmed his soup1 his quails may have been roasted on yonder spit4 ,nothing is wanting that goes to make the complete armament of a kitchen--stoves1 cauldrons1 vessels of every kind1 lamps of every shape1 forks1 spoons1 ladles of every dimension4 ,and in all this mass of manifold material perhaps the most marked characteristic is not the high level of executive merit it reveals1 high as that level is1 but the amazing wealth of idea1 the marvellous intellectual activity brought to bear on what we now call objects of industrial art--whatever that may mean--in this outpost of ,greek civilisation4 ,these accumulated appliances of the kitchen and the pantry form a museum of art--a museum of art of inexhaustible fascination2 and not only does this vast collection of necessary things contain nothing ugly1 but it displays1 as ,i have just said1 an amazing wealth of ideas2 each bowl1 each lamp1 each spoon almost1 is an individual work of art1 a separate and distinct conception1 a special birth of the joy of creation in a genuine artist4 ,but1 above all1 let us bear this fact in mind--the absence there of any ugly thing2 for the instinct of what is beautiful not only delights and seeks to express itself in lovely work1 but forbids and banishes whatever is graceless and unsightly4 ,as next to the ,greeks1 and as almost their equals in this craving for the beautiful1 the ,italians will occur to you4 ,and here it may be well to note1 in a parenthesis1 that a vivid sense of abstract beauty in line and form does not necessarily carry with it a keen perception of shapliness in the human frame4 ,this curious fact we see strikingly illustrated in a race which possesses the artistic instinct in certain of its developments in a greater degree than any other in our time--,i mean the ,japanese4 ,with them the sense of decorative distribution and of subtle loveliness of form and colour is absolutely universal1 and expresses itself in every most ordinary appliance of daily life1 overflowing1 indeed1 into every toy or trifle that may amuse an idle moment2 and yet majesty and beauty in the human form are as absent from their works as from their persons4 ,be this said without prejudice to the fact that in the movement imparted by them to the figures in their designs there is often much of daintiness and dignity1 the outcome of that keen perception of beauty of line in the abstract which we have seen to be dominant in them4 ,i need not follow further this1 ,i think1 interesting train of thought1 but the digression seemed to me useful1 not as illustrating the fact that beauty is not to be regarded only in connection with the human form1 which is a mere truism1 but as showing that the abstract sense of it1 in certain aspects1 may possess and penetrate a race in which the perception of comeliness in the human body is almost entirely absent2 and ,i meet by it also1 in anticipation1 certain objections that may suggest themselves to you in connection with the ,italians1 as far1 at least1 as the ,tuscans are concerned2 for in them1 too1 we find occasionally1 side by side with an unsurpassed sense of the expressiveness of line and form1 a defective perception of beauty in the human frame--witness the ungainly angularities1 for instance1 of a ,verrocchio1 a ,gozzoli1 a ,signorelli4 ,the thirst for the artistically delightful was the mark in ,italy of no particular class2 it was common to all1 high and low1 to the ,pontiff on his throne1 to the trader behind his counter1 to the people in the market-place4 ,and here1 again1 observe that this desire was not alone for the adornment of walls and public places with painting and statuary--though every wall in every church or public building was1 in fact1 enriched by the hand of painters and of sculptors--but it embraced every humbler form of artistic expression1 and was1 indeed1 especially directed to one which has in our time touched1 here and there1 a melancholy depth--the craft of the goldsmith4 ,i said humbler form of art for lack of a better word2 for a craft cannot fitly be called humble which has occupied and delighted men of the very highest gifts4 ,did not the mind that conceived the ,perseus of the ,loggia dei ,lanzi pour out some of its richest fancies in a jewelled salt-cellar for the table of a ,pope8 ,did not the sublimest genius that ever shone upon the world of art receive its first guidance in the workshop of a jeweller--a jeweller who was himself a painter also of high renown8 ,for was it not that painter-goldsmith whose hands adorned with noble frescoes the famous choir of ,sta4 ,maria ,novella8 ,now1 to a cultured audience such as that which ,i am here addressing1 these facts are familiar and trite1 so trite and so familiar that it may1 perhaps1 be doubted whether their true significance has ever stood quite clearly before your minds1 and whether you have fully grasped the solidarity of the arts--if ,i may use an outlandish expression--which at one time prevailed4 ,let us in imagination transfer the last quoted fact into contemporary life4 ,let us suppose that the municipality of a great ,english city1 proud of its annals and of its culture1 determined to decorate with paintings in some comprehensive manner the walls of a great public building2 and suppose1 further1 that an artist1 admittedly of the first rank1 were to answer to its call from the workshop--and ,i say advisedly from the workshop1 for it is there1 and not on an armchair in the office1 that the head of the house would have been found in the old day--suppose1 ,i say1 that such an artist came forth from some great firm of jewellers1 in ,bond ,street for instance1 we should have1 on the artistic side1 the exact parallel of the case of the ,dominicans of ,sta4 ,maria ,nuova and ,domenico1 the son of ,thomas the garland-maker of ,florence4 ,meanwhile1 striking as is this instance of the unity of art in long past days1 it is but just to add1 and ,i rejoice to be able here to do so1 that signs are not wanting on the side of our own artists of a strong tendency towards a return to closer bonds between its various branches1 in which direction1 indeed1 a movement has been for some years increasingly marked and practical2 and it is with a glad outlook into the future1 and with a sense of breathing a wider air1 that ,i place by the side of the cases which ,i have just mentioned--cases which were1 in their time1 of natural and frequent occurrence--one which is of yesterday4 ,the chief magistrate of an important provincial centre of ,english industry1 the ,mayor of ,preston1 wears at this time a chain of office which is a beautiful work of art1 and this chain was not only designed but wrought throughout by the sculptor who modelled the stately commemorative statue of the ,queen that adorns the ,county ,square of ,winchester1 the artist who presides over the section of sculpture in this ,congress1 my young friend and colleague1 ,mr4 ,alfred ,gilbert4 ,i have pointed to the ,italians and the ,greeks as culminating instances of people filled with a love of beauty and achieving the highest excellence in its embodiment1 and ,i have named the ,japanese as manifesting the aesthetic temper in a high degree of sensitiveness1 but within certain limitations4 ,it is not necessary to remind you that ,i might extend this list1 if with some qualification1 and that the same lesson--the lesson that the nations which love beauty seek it in the humblest as well as the highest things--is taught us by others than those ,i have mentioned4 ,whosoever1 for instance1 has wondered at the work of ,persian looms1 or felt the fascination of the manuscripts illuminated by the artists of ,iran1 or noted the unfailing grace of subtle line revealed in their metal-work1 will feel that for this race also the merit of a work of art did not reside in its category1 but in the degree to which it manifested the spirit which alone could ennoble it1 the spirit of beauty4 ,and if1 further1 this dominant instinct of the beautiful is not in our own time found in any ,western race in its fullest force1 and among one ,eastern people1 with1 as we saw1 important limitations1 there is yet one modern nation in our own hemisphere in which the thirst for artistic excellence is widespread to a degree unknown elsewhere in ,europe2 a people with whom the sense of the dignity of artistic achievement1 as an element of national greatness1 an element which it is the duty of its ,government to foster and to further1 and to proclaim before the world1 is keen and constant2 ,i mean1 of course1 your brilliant neighbours1 the people of ,france4 ,here1 then1 are standards to which we may appeal to see how far1 all allowance being made for many signs of improvement in things concerning art1 we yet fall short1 as a nation1 of the ideal which we should have before us4 ,let me now revert to my indictment4 ,i said that the sense of abstract beauty with the mass of our countrymen--and once again ,i must be understood not to ignore1 but only to leave out of view for the moment1 the considerable and growing number of those in whom this sense is astir and active--with the mass1 ,i repeat1 of our countrymen1 the perception of beauty is blunt1 and the desire for it sluggish and superficial2 with them the beautiful is1 indeed1 sometimes a source of vague1 half-conscious satisfaction1 especially when it appeals to them conjointly with other incitements to emotion1 but their perception of it is passive1 and does not pass into active desire2 it accepts1 it does not demand2 it is uncertain of itself1 for it lacks definiteness of intuition1 and having no definite intuition1 it is necessarily uncritical4 ,this weakness1 among the many1 of the critical faculty in aesthetic matters1 and the curious bluntness of their perceptions1 is seen not in connection with the plastic arts only1 but over the whole artistic field1 in the domains of music and the drama1 as in that of painting and sculpture4 ,who1 for instance1 where a body of ,english men and women has been gathered together in a concert room1 has not1 at one moment1 heard a storm of applause go up to meet some matchless executant of noble music1 and then1 five minutes later1 watched in wonder and dismay the same crepitation of eager hands proclaiming an equal satisfaction with the efforts of some feeblest servant of ,apollo8 ,or have you not often1 in your theatres1 blushed to see the lowest buffoonery received with exuberant delight by an audience--and a cultivated audience--which had just before not seemed insensible to some fine piece of histrionic art8 ,and what could proclaim the lack of true1 spontaneous instinct in more startling fashion than the notorious fact that the most thrilling touch of pathos in the performance of an actor reputed to be comic will be infallibly received with a titter by a ,british audience1 which has paid to laugh and come to the play focussed for the funny8 ,now this little glimpse into the attitude of the public in regard to other arts than ours has its bearing upon our present subject4 ,this same feebleness of the critical sense which arises out of the indefiniteness--to say the best of it--of the inner standard of artistic excellence1 is not unnaturally accompanied by and fosters an apathy in regard to that excellence1 and an attitude of callous acquiescence in the unsightly1 which are inexpressibly mischievous2 for you cannot too strongly print this on your minds1 that what you demand that will you get1 and according to what you accept will be that which is provided for you4 ,let an atmosphere be generated among you in which the appetite for what is beautiful and noble is whetted and becomes imperative1 in which whatever is ugly and vulgar shall be repugnant and hateful to the beholder1 and assuredly what is beautiful and noble will1 in due time1 be furnished to you1 and in steadily increasing excellence1 satisfying your taste1 and at the same time further purifying it and heightening its sensitiveness4 ,the enemy1 then1 is this indifference in the presence of the ugly2 it is only by the victory over this apathy that you can rise to better things1 it is only by the rooting out and extermination of what is ugly that you can bring about conditions in which beauty shall be a power among you4 ,now1 this callous tolerance of the unsightly1 although it is1 ,i am grateful to think1 yielding by degrees to a healthier feeling1 is still strangely prevalent and widespread among us1 and its deadening influence is seen in the too frequent absence of any articulate protest of public opinion against the disfigurement of our towns4 ,let me give you an instance of this indifference4 ,our country is happy in possessing a collection of paintings by the old masters of exceptional interest and splendour1 a collection which1 thanks to the taste and highly trained discernment of its present accomplished head1 ,sir ,frederick ,burton1 is1 with what speed the short-sighted policy of successive ,governments permits1 rising steadily to a foremost place among the famous galleries in the world4 ,some years ago1 the building destined to receive it being found no longer adequate1 it became necessary to provide1 by some means1 ampler space for the display of the national treasure4 ,it was resolved that another edifice should take the place of that designed by ,wilkins1 an edifice which1 be it said in passing1 has been made the butt of curiously unmerited ridicule in the world of connoisseurship1 and which1 apart from certain very obvious blemishes1 it has always seemed to me to be much easier to deride than to better4 ,a competition was opened1 and designs were demanded for a spacious building1 equal to present and future needs1 and worthy of the magnificence of the collection it was to house4 ,it is hardly necessary to say that we have here no concern whatever with the controversy which arose over these designs4 ,my concern is with its final outcome1 which is this3 the original building has remained unaltered as to its exterior2 but on the rear of one of its flanks loom now into view1 first1 an appendage in an entirely different style of architecture1 and further on1 an excrescence of no style of architecture at all2 the one an ,italian tower1 the other a flat cone of glass1 surmounted by a ventilator--a structure of the warehouse type--the whole resulting in a jarring jumble and an aspect of chaotic incongruity which would be ludicrous if it were not distressing2 and we enjoy1 further1 this instructive phenomenon that a public opinion which sensitively shrank from the blemishes of the original edifice has accepted its retention1 with all those blemishes unmodified1 plus an appendage which adds to the whole the worst almost of all sins architectural--a lack of unity of conception4 ,now1 ,i have never to my knowledge heard one single word of articulate public reprobation levelled at this now irremediable blot on what we complacently call the finest site in the world2 and yet ,i cannot find it in me to believe that many have not1 like myself1 groaned in spirit before a spectacle so deplorable--a spectacle which1 indeed1 is only conceivable within these islands4 ,i think that a good deal is summed up in this episode1 and ,i need not1 for my present purpose1 seek another in the domain of architecture4 ,in regard to sculpture1 the public apathy and blindness are yet more depressing and complete1 and illustrate the deadness of the many to the perception of the essential qualities of art4 ,to the overwhelming majority of ,englishmen sculpture means simply the perpetuation of the form of ,mr4 ,so-and-,so in marble1 bronze1 or terra-cotta--this1 and no more4 ,that marble1 bronze1 or terra-cotta may1 under cunning hands1 become vehicles1 for those who have eyes to see1 of emotions1 aesthetic and poetic1 not less lofty than those which are stirred in us by the verse of a ,dante or a ,milton1 or by strains of noblest music1 of this the consciousness is for practical purposes non-existent4 ,for sculpture1 for an art through which alone the name of ,greece would have been famous for all time1 there is1 outside portraiture1 even now1 under conditions admittedly improved1 little or no field in this country4 ,portrait-statues galore bristle1 indeed1 within our streets2 but the notion of setting up in public places pieces of monumental sculpture solely for adornment and dignity1 or of monuments that shall remind us of deeds in which our country or our town has earned fame and deserved gratitude1 and incite the young to emulation of those deeds1 or that shall be the allegorised expression of any great idea--and yet our race has had great ideas1 and clothed them in deeds as great--hardly ever1 it would seem1 enters the heads of a people whose aspirations are surely not less noble or less high than those of other nations4 ,nay1 even a monument commemorative of the great public services of some individual man which shall be a monument to him rather than exclusively an image of him1 a monument of which his effigy shall form a part1 but of which the main feature shall be the embodiment or illustration1 in forms of art1 of the virtues that have earned for him the homage of his countrymen--even this is suggested in vain4 ,and if we are tolerant of treason against fitness in architecture1 what shall we say of our tolerance in regard to its sculptural adornments8 ,what shall we say of the complacent acceptance1 above and about windows and doorways in clubs1 offices1 barracks1 and the like buildings1 of carven wonders such as no other civilised community would accept in silence8 ,though ,i fear ,i must here1 with all deference1 add that my brethren1 the architects1 who suffer their work to be so defaced1 are themselves not wholly blameless2 and indeed1 it is a truth in the assertion of which the most enlightened workmen in every branch of art will stand by me1 that among ourselves also the sense of the kinship of the arts is too often a mere theory1 received1 no doubt1 with respect as an abstract proposition1 but not perceptibly colouring our practical activity4 ,in sculpture the inertness of demand and tolerance of inferior supply is due mainly to the want1 to which ,i have alluded1 of a sense of and a joy in the purely aesthetic quality in artistic production1 an insensibility to the power inherent in form1 by its own virtue1 of producing the emotion and exciting the imagination1 a power on which the dignity of this pure and severe art does or should mainly rest4 ,in the appreciation of painting1 which on various grounds appeals as an art to a far wider public than either architecture or sculpture1 the same shortcomings are evident1 though in a less degree1 and with less mischievous results2 for the witchery of colour1 at least1 is felt and appreciated1 more or less consciously1 by a very large number of people4 ,the inadequacy of the general standard of artistic insight is here seen in the fact that to a great multitude of persons the attractiveness of a painted canvas is in proportion to the amount of literary element which it carries1 not in proportion to the degree of aesthetic emotion stirred by it1 or of appeal to the imagination contained in it--persons1 those1 who regard a picture as a compound of anecdote and mechanism1 and with whom looking at it would seem to mean only another form of reading4 ,time after time1 in listening to the description--the enthusiastic description--of a picture1 we become aware that the points emphasised by the speaker are such as did not specially call for treatment in art at all1 were often not fitted for expression through form or colour1 their natural vehicle being not paint but ink1 which is the proper and appointed conveyor of abstract thoughts and concrete narrative4 ,i have heard pictures extolled as works of genius simply because they expressed1 not because they nobly clothed in forms of art1 ideas not beyond the reach of the average penny-a-liner4 ,now ,i know that in what ,i am here saying ,i skirt the burning ground of controversy long and hotly waged--skirt it only1 for that controversy touches but the borders of my subject1 and ,i shall of course not pursue it here4 ,i will1 nevertheless1 to avoid misrepresentation in either sense1 state1 as briefly as ,i can1 one or two definite principles on which it appears to me safe to stand4 ,it is given to form and to colour to elicit in men powerful and exquisite emotions1 emotions covering a very wide range of sensibility1 and to which they alone have the key4 ,the chords within us which vibrate to these emotions are the instrument on which art plays1 and a work of art deserves that name1 as ,i have said1 in proportion as1 and in the extent to which1 it sets those chords in motion4 ,the power and solemnity of a simple appeal of form as such is seen in a noble building of imposing mass and stately outlines4 ,when1 however1 form in arts is connected with the human frame1 and when combinations of human forms are among the materials with which a beautiful design is built up1 then another element is added to the sum of our sensations--an element due to the absorbing interest of man in all that belongs to his kind2 and the emotion primarily produced by the force of a purely aesthetic appeal is enhanced and heightened by elements of a more intimate and universal order1 one more nearly touching our affections1 but not1 therefore1 necessarily of a higher order4 ,thus the episode1 for instance1 of ,paolo and ,francesca1 clothed in the rare1 grave melody of ,dante's verse1 entrances us with its pathos2 but our emotion1 intensely human as it is1 is not therefore of a higher kind than that which holds us as we listen to sounds sublimely woven by some great musician2 nor are the impressions received in watching from the floor of some great ,christian church the gathering of the gloom within a dome's receding curves of less noble order than those aroused by a supreme work of sculpture or a painting--by1 say1 the ,notte of ,michael ,angelo or the ,monna ,lisa of ,lionardo2 and yet in both of these last the chord of human sympathy is strongly swept1 though in different ways--in the ,notte by the poetic and pathetic suggestiveness of certain forms and movements of the human body2 in the ,monna ,lisa by a more definitely personal charm and feminine sorcery which haunts about her shadowy eyes1 and the subtle curling of her mysterious lips4 ,i say1 then1 that in a work of art the elements of emotion based on human sympathies are not of a loftier order than those arising out of abstract sublimity or loveliness of form1 but that the presence of these elements in such a work1 while not raising it as an artistic creation1 does impart to it an added power of appeal1 and that1 therefore1 a work in which these elements are combined will be with the great majority of mankind a more potent engine of delight than one which should rest exclusively on abstract qualities4 ,and it follows1 therefore1 that while a work of art earns its title to that name on condition only1 once again ,i say1 of the purely aesthetic element being present in it1 and will rank as such in exact proportion to the degree in which this element prevails in it2 and while1 further1 this element1 carrying with it1 as it does1 imaginative suggestiveness of the highest order and of the widest scope1 is all-sufficient in those branches of art in which the human form plays no part1 the element which is inseparable in a work of art from the introduction of human beings is one which it is not possible for us to ignore in our appreciation of that work as a source and vehicle of emotion4 ,every attempt at succinct exposition of a complex question risks being unsatisfactory and obscure1 and ,i am painfully alive to the inadequacy of what ,i have just said4 ,i trust1 however1 that ,i have conveyed my meaning1 if roughly1 yet sufficiently to shield me from misconception in regard to the special emphasis ,i am laying on the importance of a proper estimation of the essentially aesthetic quality in a work of art1 an importance which ,i urge upon you1 not so much here on account of the effect its absence may have exercised on the development of painting1 as on account of the significant fact that its want--the lack of a perception that certain qualities are the very essence of art1 and link into one great family every work of the hands of men in which they are found--has led with us to a disastrous divorce between what is considered as art proper and the arts which are called industrial4 ,i say advisedly disastrous1 for the lowering among us in the present day of the status of forms of art1 in the service of which such men as ,albert ,duerer1 for example1 and ,holbein 7men1 by-the-by1 of kindred blood with ourselves71 ,cellini and ,lionardo1 were glad to labour and create--and that not as a concession1 but in the joyful exercise of their fullest powers--is one of its results1 and carrying with it1 as is natural1 a lowering of standard in these arts1 has generated the marvellous notion1 not expressed in words1 but too largely acted on1 that art in any serious sense is not to be looked for at all in certain places--where1 in truth1 alas6 neither is it often found--and led to the holding aloof to a great extent1 until comparatively recent years1 of much of the best talent from very delightful forms of artistic creation2 and this notion has led further to the virtual banishment from certain provinces of designing of the human figure1 or where it is not banished1 to its defacement1 too often1 in the hands of the untrained or the inept4 ,we are to a wonderful degree creatures of habit1 our thoughts are prone to run--or shall ,i say rather to stagnate8--within grooves2 and if we are a people of many and great endowments1 a swift and free play of thought is1 as we have been forcibly told by a voice that we shall hear no more1 and can ill miss1 not a distinguishing feature among us4 ,is it not an amazing thing1 for example1 that human shapes1 which in clay or plaster would be ignominiously excluded from a second-rate exhibition1 are not only accepted1 but displayed with a chuckle of elated pride1 when cast in the precious metals1 flanked1 say by a palm-tree1 borne aloft on a rock1 and presented in the guise of a piece of ornamental plate8 ,but is this even rare8 ,is it not of constant occurrence8 ,do you demur8 ,well1 let me ask you a plain question3 ,of all the nymphs and goddesses1 the satyrs1 and the tritons1 that disport themselves on the ceremonial goldsmithery of the ,united ,kingdom1 how many if cast in vulgar plaster1 and not in glittering gold1 would pass muster before the jury of an average exhibition8 ,and if few1 ,i ask why is this so8 ,in the name of ,cellini--nay1 in the name of common sense1 why8 ,and is it on account of the low ebb of figure modelling for decorative purposes that on our carved furniture--what we mysteriously describe as art furniture--the human form is hardly ever seen8 ,then why is the best talent not enlisted in this work8 ,certain it is that the absence of living forms imparts to much of the furniture now made in ,england1 unsurpassed as it is in regard to delicacy and finish of handiwork1 and frequently elegant in design1 a certain look of slightness and flimsy1 faddy dilettantism which prevent it from taking that rank in the province of applied art in which it might and should aspire4 ,but ,i have1 ,i fear1 already unduly drawn upon your patience1 and ,i must bring to a close these too disjointed prefatory words1 leaving it to the accomplished gentlemen who head the various sections of this ,congress to amplify and enrich as they will out of the wide fund of their knowledge and experience the bald outline ,i have sketched before you4 ,they1 in their turn1 taking up1 no doubt1 our common parable1 will emphasise and press on you the fact that by cultivating its aesthetic sense in a more comprehensive and harmoniously consistent spirit than hitherto1 and with a clearer vision of the nature of all art and a more catholic receptiveness as to its charms1 and by stimulating in a right direction the abundant productive energy which lies to its hand1 this nation will not only be adding infinitely to the adornment and dignity of its public and private life1 not only providing for itself an increasing and manifold source of delight and renovating repose1 mental and spiritual1 in a day in which such resting and regenerating elements are more and more called for by our jaded nervous systems1 and more and more needed for our intellectual equilibrium1 but will be dealing with a subject which is every day becoming more and more important in relation to certain sides of the waning material prosperity of the country4 ,for1 as they will no doubt remind you1 the industrial competition between this and other countries--a competition1 keen and eager1 which means to certain industries almost a race for life--runs1 in many cases1 no longer exclusively or mainly on the lines of excellence of material and solidity of workmanship1 but greatly nowadays on the lines of artistic charm and beauty of design4 ,this1 to you1 vital fact is one which they will1 ,i am convinced1 not suffer to fall into the background4 ,one last word in anticipation of certain objections not unlikely to be raised against an assumption which may seem to be implied in the existence of our ,association--the assumption that the evils and shortcomings of which ,i have spoken with such unsparing frankness can be removed or remedied by the gathering together of a number of persons to listen to a series of addresses4 ,the causes of these evils1 we may be told1 and their antidote1 are not on the surface of things1 but rest on conditions of a complex character1 and are fundamental4 ,who1 ,i hear some one say1 is this dreamer of dreams1 who hopes to cure by talking such deep-seated evils8 ,who is this shallow and unphilosophical thinker who does not see that the same primary conditions are operative in making the purchaser indifferent what he gets and the supplier indifferent to what he produces1 and who attributes the circumstance that good work is not generally produced in certain forms of industry to the lack of demand1 rather than to the deeper-lying fact that suppliers and demanders are of the same stock1 having the same congenital failings2 and satisfied with the same standards8 ,my answer to this imaginary1 or ,i ought1 perhaps1 to say this foreseen objector would be1 first1 this--that ,i am not the visionary for whom he takes me1 and that ,i do not believe in the efficacy of words either directly to remedy the state of things ,i have been deploring1 or to create a love of art and a delicate sensitiveness to its charms in those to whom the responsive chords have been refused2 neither is the eloquence1 trumpet-toned and triumphant1 conceivable by me before which the walls of the ,jericho of the ,philistine shall crumble in abrupt ruin to the ground2 least of all do ,i believe in sudden developments of the human intellect4 ,but it has nevertheless seemed to me1 as it has seemed to the framers of this ,association1 that words1 if they be judicious and sincere1 may rally and strengthen and prompt to action instincts and impulses which only await a signal to assert themselves--instincts1 sometimes1 perhaps1 not fully conscious of themselves--and that a favouring temperature may be thus created within which1 by the operation of natural laws1 in due time1 but by no stroke of the wand1 a new and better order may arise4 ,neither1 indeed1 do ,i ignore the force of my critic's contention that the causes of mischief lie deep1 and are not to be touched by surface-tinkering1 if they are to be removed at all2 although ,i demur to his pessimistic estimate of them as a final bar to our hopes4 ,it is true that certain specific attributes are1 or seem to be1 feeble in our race2 it is true1 too true--,i have it on the repeated assurance of apologetic vendors--that with us the ugliest objects--often1 oh6 how ugly--have the largest market2 nevertheless1 the amount of good artistic production in connection with industry--,i purposely speak of this first--has grown within the last score or so of years1 and through the initiative1 mind1 of a mere handful of enthusiastic and highly gifted men in an extraordinary degree2 and in a proportionate degree has the number increased1 also1 of those who accept and desire it2 and this growth has been steady and organic1 and is of the best augury4 ,now1 the increase in the number of those who desire good work1 and the concurrent development of their critical sensitiveness in matters of taste1 stimulate1 in their turn1 the energies1 and sustain the upward efforts1 of the producers1 and thus1 through action and reaction1 a condition of things should be slowly but surely evolved which shall more nearly approach that general level of artistic culture and artistic production so anxiously looked for by us all4 ,it is in the hastening of this desired result that we invoke1 not your sympathy alone1 but your patient1 strenuous aid4 ,and if ,i am further asked how1 in my view1 this association can best contribute to the furtherance of our common end1 ,i would say1 not merely by seeking to fan and kindle a more general interest in the things of art1 but mainly by seeking to awaken a clearer perception of the true essence of a work of art1 by insisting on the fundamental identity of all manifestations of the artistic creative impulse through whatever channels it may express itself1 and by setting forth and establishing this pregnant truth--that whatever degrees of dignity and rank may exist in the scale of artistic productions1 according to the order of emotion to which they minister in us1 they are in one kind2 for the various and many channels through which beauty is made manifest to us in art are but the numerous several stops of one and the same divine instrument4 ,and if in what ,i have said ,i have laid especial stress on that branch of art which is called industrial1 it is not solely to develop this cardinal doctrine1 neither only because of the pressing1 practical1 paramount national importance of this part of our subject1 but also because ,i1 in truth1 believe that it is in a great measure through these very forms of art that the improvement1 to which ,i look with a steadfast faith1 will be mainly operated4 ,the almost unlimited area which they cover in itself constitutes them an engine of immense power1 and ,i believe that through them1 if at all1 the sense of beauty and the love for it will be stimulated in1 and communicated to1 constantly increasing numbers4 ,i believe that the day may come when public opinion1 thus slowly but definitely moulded1 will make itself loudly heard2 when men will insist that what they do for the gracing and adornment of their homes shall be done also for the public buildings and thoroughfares of their cities2 when they will remind their municipal representatives and the controllers of their guilds of what similar bodies of men did for the cities of ,italy in the days of their proud prosperity in trade1 and will ask why the walls of our public edifices are blank and silent1 instead of being adorned and made delightful with things beautiful to see1 or eloquent of whatever great deeds or good work enrich and honour the annals of the places of our birth4 ,and lastly1 ,i believe that an art desired by the whole people and fostered by the whole people's desire would reflect--for such art must be sincere--some of the best qualities of our race2 its love of ,nature1 its imaginative force1 its healthfulness1 its strong simplicity4 ,and now1 ladies and gentlemen1 my task is ended4 ,my duties to-night were purely prefatory2 my words are but the prologue of the proceedings which begin to-morrow--a prologue which ,i undertook to speak less from any faith in its possible efficacy than in the belief that the first word spoken at such a time should be heard from the lips of one to whom1 from the nature of the office he is privileged to fill1 as well as from the whole bent of his mind1 everything that concerns art1 from end to end of its enchanting field1 must be1 and is1 a source of deep1 of constant1 and engrossing interest4 ,the curtain is now raised1 the stage is spread before you1 and ,i step aside to make room for others1 leaving with you the expression of my fervent wish that the hopes which have brought us together in this place may not have been entertained in vain4 ,,lord ,,leighton',s ,,house ,,and ,,what ,,it ,,contains#hi ,,preface ,,to ,,catalogue ,two miles and a quarter from ,hyde ,park ,corner1 removed but a few steps from the main thoroughfare between ,london and ,hammersmith1 and running parallel to it1 is ,holland ,park ,road1 facing which stands ,lord ,leighton's ,house4 ,i live in a mews1 he used to say4 ,this meant more than a figure of speech merely1 though the mews in question is very different from a ,london street mews4 ,low1 odd-shaped1 irregular buildings1 formerly stables 7a few are still used as such71 were in ,lord ,leighton's life converted into studios by artists who wished to cluster around the ,president of the ,royal ,academy4 ,these stand in old gardens and are studded at intervals along the road1 bordered by trees branching across it1 and taking away all idea of its being a ,london street4 ,screened by a hedge of closely-cut lime-trees1 the ,leighton ,house stands back but a few yards from the pavement4 ,through a porch and a small outer hall the ,house is entered4 ,monsieur ,choisy1 the distinguished ,french architect1 in his letter to the ,times of ,april the #bgth1 #ahif1 written with the view of trying to induce the ,english nation to rise to the value of preserving this ,house as a national treasure1 writes as follows3-- ,allow me also to point out the original beauty of the house where so many masterpieces are grouped4 ,the ,french public have been enabled to admire this house through the excellent article of my friend and fellow-member of the ,r4,i4,b4,a41 ,mr4 ,charles ,lucas4 ,nowhere have ,i found in an architectural monument a happier gradation of effects nor a more complete knowledge of the play of light4 ,the entrance to the house is by a plain hall that leads to a 'patio1' lit from the sky1 where enamels shine brilliantly in the full light2 from this 'patio' one passes into a twilight corridor1 where enamel and gold detach themselves from an architectural ground of a richness somewhat severe2 it is a transition which prepares the eye for a jewel of ,oriental art1 where the most brilliant productions of the ,persian potter are set in an architectural frame inspired by ,arab art1 but treated freely2 the harmony is so perfect that one asks oneself if the architecture has been conceived for the enamels or the enamels for the hall4 ,this gradation1 perhaps unique in contemporary architecture1 was ,leighton's idea2 and the illustrious painter found in his old friend ,mr4 ,g4 ,aitchison1 who built his house1 a worthy interpreter of his fine conception4 ,this hall where colour is triumphant1 was dear to ,leighton1 and even forms the background to some of his pictures4 ,towards the end of his life he still meant to embellish it by substituting marble for that small part that was only painted4 ,the generous employment of his fortune alone prevented him from realising his intention4 ,england has at all times given the example of honouring great men2 she will1 ,i am sure1 find the means of preserving for art a monument of which she had such reason to be proud4 ,as is now well known1 ,lord ,leighton's executrixes1 his two sisters1 have assigned the lease of the property1 which has sixty-six years yet to run1 to three gentlemen who are members of the committee formed to preserve it for the use and education of the public1 in memory of ,lord ,leighton1 and the committee are now tenants at will of the proprietors4 ,works by ,lord ,leighton have been collected and placed in the studios and other rooms of the ,house4 ,a large collection of his drawings and sketches and a few finished paintings have been secured through the generosity of his sisters1 ,mrs4 ,sutherland ,orr1 ,mrs4 ,matthews1 and his personal friends1 the list of these being headed by the ,prince of ,wales4 ,this collection of original works numbers #aaad1 #eid being now framed and hung on the walls4 ,the collection also contains #bh proof engravings from ,lord ,leighton's principal pictures1 presented by those who own the copyrights1 i4e4 ,mrs4 ,james ,watney 7who has also given an original drawing71 the ,fine ,arts ,society1 the ,berlin ,photographic ,company1 ,messrs4 ,agnew1 ,graves1 ,colnaghi1 and ,tooth4 ,there are also #aab photographic reproductions by ,mr4 ,f4 ,hollyer and ,messrs4 ,dixon1 these1 with a few exceptions1 having been taken for ,lord ,leighton in his studio4 ,the greater number of these photographs were given to the ,house by ,mr4 ,wilfred ,meynell1 ,mr4 ,f4 ,hollyer1 and ,messrs4 ,dixon2 the remainder by ,lord ,davey1 ,sir ,henry ,acland1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,henderson1 ,mr4 ,philipson1 ,mr4 ,a4,g4 ,temple1 and ,mr4 ,george ,smith4 ,the reproductions of completed pictures have been hung on the walls together with the sketches executed for them1 in order that the student may realise how ,leighton developed the designs he made into finished pictures4 ,when funds permit1 the #ebj remaining drawings and sketches will be framed1 and it is the desire of the committee that1 though the ,leighton ,house should always remain the chief centre of the collections1 groups of sketches should be lent to exhibitors in the provinces and in the poorer parts of ,london4 ,in the middle of the centre hall is now placed a reproduction presented by ,mr4 ,brock1 ,r4,a41 of the bust of ,lord ,leighton1 executed by his sculptor friend--that perfect likeness in bronze of the ,president placed among the ,diploma works in ,burlington ,house4 ,surrounding this reproduction and lining the walls and staircase are plaques of ,oriental designs1 pictures in enamel1 framed in by a background of ,mr4 ,william ,de ,morgan's beautiful blue tiles4#ij ,the same treatment is continued through the twilight corridor leading to the great casket of treasures known as the ,arab ,hall4 ,in the summer of #ahii the ,society of the ,library ,association was received at the ,leighton ,house1 and at the meeting which preceded the conversazione1 ,lord ,crawford1 ,president of the ,association1 ended the speech he made on the merits and rare gifts of his friend1 ,lord ,leighton1 by a reference to the unique value of this casket of treasures4 ,we often1 he said1 see ,persian tiles in ,england4 ,they are chiefly made in ,england1 but they are bought in ,persia6 ,a genuine ,persian tile is a very rare thing4 ,when you meet it1 cherish it6 ,in this ,arab ,hall hundreds of these rare things are collected1 each individually of a quality of uncommon beauty and almost priceless1 owing to the fact that large spaces on the walls are filled with these gorgeous tiles1 fitted together as originally designed and intended by the ,persian artists who invented them4 ,travellers who went to the ,east when there was still a chance of buying genuine ,persian tiles know how it came about that these could sometimes be procured4 ,the owners of the houses on the walls of which they were placed would become impoverished and were easily induced to sell a single tile to a traveller as a specimen4 ,when the money paid for it was spent and more was wanted1 if a second traveller came by another single tile was sold4 ,the first purchaser might have been an ,englishman1 the second a ,frenchman1 the third a ,german1 and so on4 ,in this way the several tiles making one design got hopelessly dispersed4 ,lord ,leighton1 aided by his friend1 ,sir ,c4 ,purdon ,clarke1 the ,director of the ,art ,museum1 ,south ,kensington1 was extraordinarily lucky in obtaining large plaques of tiles intact4 ,during his visits to ,rhodes1 to ,cairo1 and to ,damascus1 writes ,mr4 ,george ,aitchison1 ,r4,a41 he made a lovely collection of ,saracenic tiles1 and had1 besides1 bought two inscriptions1 one of the most delicate colour and beautiful design1 and the other about sixteen feet long and strikingly magnificent2 besides getting some panels1 stained glass1 and lattice-work from ,damascus afterwards2 these were fitted into an ,arab ,hall in #ahgg4 ,the enamelled tiles made the keynote of this beautiful creation1 the ,arab ,hall1 which1 to repeat ,mr4 ,choisy's words1 forms a harmony so perfect that one asks oneself if the architecture has been conceived for the enamels or the enamels for the ,hall4 ,round three sides 7the fourth being filled by the large inscription7 runs a frieze in mosaics1 the designs of which are among the most beautiful of those invented by our great ,english decorator1 ,walter ,crane4 ,sir ,c4 ,purdon ,clarke has designated this creation of ,lord ,leighton's1 in which he was so ably assisted by his friend1 ,mr4 ,george ,aitchison1 ,r4,a41 ,president of the ,royal ,society of ,british ,architects1 and in which is to be traced that generous delight which ,leighton took in all that was good in the art of his contemporaries1 as the most beautiful structure which has been raised since the sixteenth century4 ,it would1 alone1 make the preservation of the ,house as an effective medium for education in the beautiful a necessity to any truly art-loving people4 ,to turn to the collection of ,leighton's own paintings1 the most complete work secured is the ,clytemnestra from the battlements of ,argos watches for the beacon fires that are to announce the return of ,agamemnon 7,no4 #bab74 ,mr4 ,g4,f4 ,watts1 ,r4,a41 writes3 ,i am more pleased than ,i can say that the picture is possible4 ,it is very fine1 a grand pictorial realisation of ,greek sculpture and ,greek poetry1 very noble in form and expression1 and singularly fine in the arrangement of drapery4 ,certainly a better example of ,leighton at his happiest could not1 ,i think1 be found4 ,it is also especially ,leighton4 ,mr4 ,watts has himself presented a finished painting by ,leighton--a half-length figure of a man1 which is an exquisite piece of work and given to ,mr4 ,watts many years ago by the artist4 ,when presenting it to the ,house ,mr4 ,watts wrote that it was one of his possessions which he prized the most4 ,though the collection in ,lord ,leighton's ,house is mainly formed of his drawings1 the few finished paintings and the several oil sketches of landscape belonging to it are sufficient to show how exquisite was his native sense of colour4 ,the colour in ,clytemnestra 7,no4 #bab7 is both true to nature as a presentiment of the moonlight effect and to the dramatic feeling of the subject4 ,the study 7,no4 #aaj71 for one of the heads in ,summer ,moon 7,no4 #bgb71 presented by ,mr4 ,alfred ,waterhouse1 ,r4,a41 and executed actually by the light of the moon in ,rome1 is notably fine in texture and gives us the origin of that curiously happy note of colour in ,clytemnestra--the bar of dull red cooled by moonlight4 ,the model wore a scarlet ribbon1 or might be1 a row of coral beads round her neck while sitting to ,leighton for the study1 and this evidently gave him what he wanted1 and suggested1 when he was painting the ,clytemnestra two years later1 the contrast to the greys and blues in the red bar in this picture4 ,mr4 ,a4,g4 ,temple in his valuable work1 ,the ,art of ,painting in the ,queen's ,reign1 alludes to this effect3 ,a picture low in key1 but curiously strengthened by the massive bar of dark red that runs from the bottom to the top of the picture4 ,very fine colour and texture is seen in the sketch for a design of ,st4 ,george and the ,dragon made for some arched space 7,no4 #aae71 and also in the small oil sketch for ,golden ,hours 7,no4 #e-;,a71 the study for the background of the picture ,david 7,no4 #aaa71 ,a pool1 ,findhorn ,river 7,no4 #abj71 ,rocks in the ,findhorn 7,no4 #abc;a71 ,kynance ,cove 7,no4 #abe71 ,a ,view in ,spain 7,no4 #abb71 ,simaetha1 the ,sorceress 7,no4 #abd71 ,bay of ,naples by ,moonlight 7,no4 #aab71 are rapid though eminently careful sketches which prove1 perhaps even more convincingly than highly-finished works1 that in the very grain of his native art instinct was ,leighton's delight in beauty of colour4 ,in the sketch 7,no4 #aji71 ,the ,entrance of a ,house1 is one of many examples among his paintings which show what a master he was in the art of painting white2 really true white1 such as we see in marble and whitewashed walls in ,greece1 ,sicily1 and ,italy4 ,surely no artist has ever painted more truly or poetically the quality of ,southern light as it falls on white walls and columns4 ,lieder ohne ,worte is one of several examples of a successful treatment of white marble as a background painted as ,leighton could paint it4 ,it is indeed to be hoped that ,leighton's friends who possess any of those oil paintings of landscape1 sea1 and architecture which lined the walls of the great studio during his life may help in aiding to make his gifts as a colourist more adequately represented in this permanent collection4 ,the above-named works are1 one and all1 good specimens for the purpose4 ,whatever key of colour was struck1 each of these studies from nature is a faithful and beautiful record of a scene in some lovely part of the world2 whether the scene was fair and bathed in southern sunlight1 or glowing in rich depths of shadow as in the paintings of the golden-lined interior of ,st4 ,mark's1 ,venice1 further enriched by the scintillating texture of mosaic surface4 ,leighton's early education1 however1 especially when he was in ,germany1 tended more to the development of his gifts as a draughtsman than to his gifts as a colourist2 still it is evident that as soon as he began working independently of any master1 his love of colour at once asserted itself4 ,at the age of twenty-five his first picture1 ,the ,cimabue ,procession 7,no4 #db71 was exhibited at the ,royal ,academy and purchased by the ,queen4 ,mr4 ,ruskin criticised it at the time as the work of a colourist4 ,this is a very important and very beautiful picture1 he writes4 ,it has both sincerity and grace1 and is painted on the purest principles of ,venetian art4444 ,the great secret of the ,venetians was their simplicity4 ,they were great colourists4 7,see ,catalogue for full quotation47 ,a lengthy description of ,leighton's complete pictures would not find an appropriate place in this preface4 ,those who had the good fortune to see the wonderful collection of his works in #ahig will hardly need to be reminded of the rich and glowing feast of colour enjoyed before such pictures as ,helios and ,rhodos1 painted #ahfi 7studies in ,collections ,no4 #bah71 nor the depth and beauty in ,weaving the ,wreath7,no4 #add71 ,antique ,juggling ,girl 7,no4 #cei71 ,moorish ,garden3 a ,dream of ,granada 7,no4 #bhj71 not to mention the splendour and harmony in many of the larger and more intricate compositions4 ,no less beautiful1 it will be remembered1 was the colouring of pictures in which the scheme was light and fair rather than rich and glowing4 ,in ,winding the ,skein 7,no4 #aih71 for instance1 there is a feeling of morning freshness in its lovely sea and mountain background and white-marble terrace foreground4 ,though cool and pale the picture is full of colour4 ,again1 in the slightly-turning figure of ,psyche1 now in the ,tate ,gallery 7,no4 #ei71 the exquisite1 pearly fairness of flesh tint must ever make this picture a standard of colour as well as of modelling4 ,in its own line it is an achievement in painting that has surely never been surpassed4 ,almost equally beautiful is the passage in ,venus ,disrobing for the ,bath 7,no4 #aea71 where the line of the figure comes against the sea background4 ,leighton's native genius might perhaps be most truly described as one allied closely to1 and echoing1 that of the ,greeks in ,art1 though trained1 during a few important years of study1 in ,germany4 ,the work of his great contemporaries1 ,rossetti1 ,millais1 and ,burne-,jones1 might be described as revealing ,italian1 ,english1 and ,celtic sentiment1 influenced by the fervour of pre-,raphaelite feeling4 ,leighton's genius as a colourist will probably be ever more and more appreciated as a partial allegiance to those three great colourists subsides as a fashion merely4 ,it is quite clear1 from the evidence of the earliest studies1 that the extraordinary facility evinced in ,lord ,leighton's drawings was the outcome of natural gifts4 ,no one can study his art without realising very conclusively that he spared neither time nor trouble in order to make it as perfect as it was in his power to make it2 but equally evident is it to those who examine his work with artistic and intelligent insight that the great power that he possessed for taking pains was inspired by a joyous1 sensitive delight in beauty4 ,the untiring industry which alone could have produced the unparalleled amount of work which he has left was clearly never weighted by any feeling that the toil of study was irksome4 ,on the contrary there is1 in every stroke1 evidence that a fine delicate sense of beauty1 a fervent1 spontaneous sincerity of emotion 7to use ,leighton's own expression7 was ever present1 instigating and propelling the conscientious persistency of his efforts4 ,whether it be a flower1 a face1 a figure1 a landscape1 or but a piece of drapery--there is in every sketch in this collection that convincing stamp on the work which proves that the doing of it interested and delighted the artist2 the test1 in other words1 that the work has in it the true fibre of the most genuine art4 ,it is well to draw attention to this fact1 because his abnormal industry has apparently been considered by some to be a sign of his having been deficient in rare and native art instincts4 ,some there are who hold that the most notable characteristic in ,leighton's nature was an extraordinary power of will4 ,that he exercised such a power is undoubtedly true4 ,in no other manner could he have achieved the main purposes of his life1 but surely those who knew him best1 and who were in the position best to appreciate his art1 would say rather that such an exercise of will was used in the service of a still more powerful ingredient1 in the truly leading passion of his life1 the moving motive of all his labours1 i4e4 a reverent worship of beauty4 ,much has been said and written1--even1 strange to say1 with respect to the great exhibition of his works exhibited at ,burlington ,house in the winter of #ahig1--which implies that the scholarly element outweighed the qualities resulting from natural gifts4 ,happily1 the unprejudiced mind of the widest public was not deluded into sparing its praise by unappreciative or unintelligent criticism4 ,those who had not the opportunity at the ,burlington ,house ,exhibition of judging for themselves of the very great qualities ,lord ,leighton's art possesses1 have but to study the collection of drawings in his house in order to realise that his gifts as an artist were as rare and native as was the intellect and splendour of nature which made his personality one of the most striking of his era4 ,a strong dramatic power is shown in many of ,leighton's early designs1 and the best examples of these have been secured for this national collection4 ,of the ,plague in ,florence 7project for a picture71 a notable example1 there is a photograph by ,mr4 ,fred ,hollyer 7,no4 #age71 taken for ,lord ,leighton1 the original sketch being in ,south ,kensington ,museum4 ,the evidence of this power recurs at intervals in the later work in such pictures as ,heracles struggling with ,death for the ,body of ,alcestis 7,no4 #ed71 ,electra at the ,tomb of ,agamemnon 7,no4 #g71 7in this picture the colour carries out the imaginative and truly-felt dramatic instinct with singular power and beauty71 ,orpheus and ,eurydice 7,no4 #bcf71 ,st4 ,jerome1 ,the ,last ,watch of ,hero 7,no4 #bh71 ,rizpah 7,no4 #aic71 and in the last work exhibited in the ,royal ,academy after ,lord ,leighton's death1 ,clytie 7,no4 #bg71 the sun-loving soul bidding farewell to this world4 ,but in many of the later works1 as the artist grew older1 as the drama of real life became more absorbing and intricate1 as the struggle to sustain the interests of the art of his country fell more and more directly on him individually1 he seemed to turn with a sense of relief to the more serene1 passive sentiment of such pictures as ,idyll1 ,winding the ,skein 7,no4 #aih71 ,summer ,slumber 7,no4 #id71 ,the ,bath of ,psyche1 as a contrast to the pressure and restless fever of his active life4 ,the tenderness of feeling1 such as is invariably united with the highest manly qualities1 finds expression throughout every stage of ,leighton's art development1 most notably in the drawing and painting of children4 7,children had the greatest fascination for him47 ,in ,elisha and the ,shunammite's ,son 7,no4 #bjg71 the tenderness is as touching as it is unobtrusive4 ,sister's ,kiss 7,no4 #bge71 and ,return of ,persephone 7,no4 #ec71 are both examples in which wholesome1 loving1 human feeling is depicted with exquisite tenderness4 ,in ,captive ,andromache 7,no4 #ba71 such feeling in the group of the caressing parents and child is used as a contrast to enforce the loneliness of the captive widow4 ,in ,ariadne abandoned by ,theseus3 ,artemis releases her by ,death 7many studies for which are in the collection still unframed71 the whole picture breathes a feeling of tenderness which is in a high sense pathetic4 ,in the sketches for ,michael ,angelo nursing his ,dying ,servant 7,no4 #aib71 even more than in the completed picture1 is seen evidence of the manly tender-heartedness which was a notable characteristic in ,leighton's nature4 ,the hundreds of sketches and drawings now hung on the walls of the ,leighton ,house form a diary of the artist's working life4 ,here are records of the earliest student days in ,florence in #ahdb4 ,when twelve years old he studied at the ,academy there under ,bezzuoli and ,servolini4 ,professor ,costa writes of these two masters3 ,they were celebrated ,florentines1 excellent good men1 but they could give but little light to this star1 which was to become one of the first magnitude4 ,leighton1 from his innate kindness1 loved and esteemed his old masters much1 though not agreeing in the judgment of his fellow-students1 that they should be considered on the same level as the ancient ,florentines4 ',and who have you1' said ,leighton one day to a certain ,bettino 7who is still living71 'who resembles your ancient masters8' ,and ,bettino answered1 ',we have still to-day our great ,michael ,angelos1 and ,raffaels1 in ,bezzuoli1 in ,servolini1 in ,ciseri4' ,but this boy of twelve years old could not believe this1 and one fine day got into the diligence and left the ,academy of ,florence to return to ,england4 ,although the diligence went at a great pace1 his fellow-students followed it on foot1 running behind it1 crying1 ',come back1 ,inglesino6 come back1 ,inglesino6 come back6' so much was he loved and respected4 ,he did come back1 in fact1 many times to ,italy1 which he considered as his second fatherland4 ,there are also many records of the studies in ,germany when ,leighton was working under ,steinle1 of all his masters the one for whom he felt the greatest enthusiasm4 ,the drawing in the collection which shows most clearly the influence of ,steinle's teaching1 was made on the journey from ,frankfort to ,rome in #aheb4 ,the subject is a monk leading a man away from his enemy and teaching him a lesson in forgiveness4 ,it is signed1 ,ulm1 ,f4,l41 _/#eb 7,no4 #bea74 ,there is the sketch for the picture which ,leighton and one of his fellow-students1 ,signor ,gamba1 on that same journey1 took it into their heads to paint on the walls of an old ruined castle near ,darmstadt4 ,the schloss1 writes ,mrs4 ,andrew ,lang1 where this piece was painted is still in ruins1 but the ,grand ,duke has lately erected a wooden roof over the painting to preserve it from destruction4 ,while still at ,frankfort1 ,leighton had begun the design for the ,cimabue's ,procession 7,no4 #db74 ,in the collection we find the drawing of the first design4 ,for extraordinary precision of outline and graceful arrangement of moving figures1 this is one of the most remarkable on the walls4 ,we have also the study of the head in pencil for the figure of ,dante in the right-hand corner of the picture 7,no4 #db-;,b71 7given by ,canon ,rawnsley71 and a large study in water-colour and pencil of the woman seated at the window 7given by ,mr4 ,j4,a4 ,fuller ,maitland7 7,no4 #db-;,c74 ,hanging near these is a very finely pencilled head of that boy whom ,leighton called ,the prettiest and the wickedest boy in ,rome4 ,on it is written ,vincenzo--,roma1 #ahed1 ,f4,l4 ,another1 on which is written ,venezia1 #ahef1 ,f4,l41 is1 for strength of character and beauty combined1 one of the most powerful in the collection 7purchased by a donation given by ,lord ,rosebery74 ,these are a few out of fifty drawings of heads in the ,house1 executed for the main part1 between the years #aheb and #ahef4 ,there are many records in landscape and street scenes of ,leighton's journeying to ,capri1 ,athens1 ,rhodes1 ,damascus1 and ,algeria4 ,of the drawings made during his stay in ,algeria 7presented to the ,house by ,mr4 ,walter ,derham7 7,nos4 #bhd and #bhe71 ,mr4 ,pepys ,cockerell wrote in his interesting article which appeared in the ,nineteenth ,century1 ,the finest of all1 except the famous ',lemon ,tree1' which is in silver point1 and was done in #ahei1 are the products of a visit to ,algeria in #aheg4 ,i do not believe that more perfect drawings1 better defined or more entirely realised1 than these studies of ,moors1 of camels1 c41 were ever executed by the hand of man4444 ,they are not particularly summary1 nor do they look as if they had been done in a moment1 or without trouble4 ,the drawings in question are as complete as if they came from the hand of ,lionardo or ,holbein4 ,among the most perfect drawings ,lord ,leighton has left1 are also the studies from flowers and foliage4 ,professor ,aitchison writes3 ,one day ,i found him 7,leighton7 drawing the flower of the pumpkin1 and he said flowers were quite as hard to draw as human heads1 if you drew them conscientiously1 but doing that rested with yourself1 for there could be no critics4 ,he said of drawing that the great thing was to thoroughly understand the structure1 and that then1 by patience and labour1 you could express the outline and the modelling4 ,in #ahei1 while at ,capri1 he drew the celebrated ',lemon ,tree1' working from daylight to dusk for a week or two1 and giving large details in the margin of the snails on the tree4 ,mr4 ,ruskin writes3 ,two perfect early drawings are of ',a ,lemon ,tree1' and another of the same date1 of ',a ,byzantine ,well1' which determine for you without appeal the question respecting necessity of delineation as the first skill of a painter4 ,of all our present masters1 ,sir ,frederic ,leighton delights most in softly-blended colours1 and his ideal of beauty is more nearly that of ,correggio than any since ,correggio's time4 ,but you see by what precision of terminal outline he at first restrained and exalted his gift of beautiful vaghezza4 ,of this drawing of ,a ,lemon ,tree1 now in the ,oxford ,museum1 lent by ,mr4 ,ruskin1 ,sir ,henry ,acland has given a singularly fine photograph1 very nearly the size of the original4 ,lord ,leighton gave ,mr4 ,ruskin for his life this wonderful drawing of ,a ,lemon ,tree to hang in his ,oxford ,museum1 that it might serve to impede1 if possible1 the increasing wrong-headedness in study--the careless conceit1 the irreverent dash1 the incompetent confidence of many modern students4 ,how ,leighton's theories as to the manner in which flowers should be drawn were carried out1 is exemplified by two wonderful studies of the said pumpkin flower 7,nos4 #ig and #ajd71 and fifty other studies from flowers and plants in this collection4 ,this artist in his early twenties1 brilliant in society1 full of intellectual and every other kind of vitality1 could nevertheless sit for hours perfecting the study of a flower or a plant4 ,one who knew him well in #ahed and #ahee1 wrote in the ,times of #bhth ,january #ahif1 three days after ,leighton's death3 ,i remember hearing a relative of his1 a clergyman1 deplore in #ahed1 the persistency with which ,leighton was throwing away his chances in life to become a mere artist4 ,five years previously1 ,leighton had embodied in a design1 now in his house1 the longing1 the home sickness1 the ,sehnsucht he felt for his own true much-loved vocation4 ,it is in the drawing of ,giotto as a boy lying among his sheep upon a bank 7,no4 #bbg74 ,below the sketch1 in ,leighton's handwriting1 are the words ,giotto1 ,sehnsucht4 ,the same writer continues3 ,i enjoyed constant intercourse with him during the whole of #ahed and to the middle of #ahee4 ,the summer of the former year we passed at the ,baths of ,lucca1 dining together every day for three months4 ,finding the solitary splendour of the hotel at ',villa' irksome1 he suggested that we should mess together in my lodgings1 which happened to be close to a little restaurant4 ,in after years1 meeting in ,london houses1 we always referred with pleasure to the modest1 but always wholesome and cleanly feasts that ,lucrezia1 landlady1 chef1 and waitress1 supplied us with at an almost nominal cost4 ,to me1 at least1 that period was one of great value and interest1 for it gave me the opportunity of studying the character of one whose personality was attractive in no small degree4 ,he was the most brilliant man ,i ever met4444 ,he longed for and desired success3 but only in so far as he deserved it4 ,when he was sharply checked in his upward career1 he accepted the rebuke with humility1 for he was a modest man4#ia ,i had not met him for years when1 coming into contact with him1 ,i told him how keen the interest had been with which ,i had watched his progress4 ',i am not satisfied1' he answered2 ',i alone know how far ,i have fallen short of my ideal4' ,in his ,house are two records of this visit to the ,bagni di ,lucca4 ,one has been presented by ,mr4 ,j4 ,mac,whirter1 ,r4,a4 7,no4 #bdi74 ,it is a highly finished drawing of a wreath of leaves exquisitely executed4 ,on the same sheet is a drawing of a vine in fruit1 and in ,leighton's own writing ,pomegranate ,lucca ,bagni ,villa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,no work in the collection evinces the precision and exact truthfulness of ,leighton's drawing better than the outline copies from pictures and frescoes by ,v4 ,carpaccio1 ,giorgione1 ,simone ,memmi and ,signorelli made in #aheb-ec4 ,in the copy from the fresco in the ,capella ,spagnuola1 ,sta4 ,maria ,novella1 ,florence 7,no4 #bib71 we have the portraits of ,cimabue1 ,giotto1 ,taddeo ,gaddi and ,simone ,memmi whose work it is4#ib ,the accuracy of the copy and the difficulty of making a copy at all1 can hardly fully be realised1 save by one who has attempted also to repeat the fading outlines of these dim frescoes in the only half-lighted chapel4 ,slight and ineffective as ,leighton's drawing may appear at a first glance1 it is1 on further acquaintance1 found to be an exquisite piece of work4 ,the absolute truth and precision with which in pencil lines1 on a small scale1 he has unravelled the outlines of the dim forms1 and has depicted the quaint seriousness of these old-world ,italian countenances1 makes this copy an extraordinary feat of eye and hand4 ,from this drawing he designed the dress of ,cimabue for the figure in his large picture1 and also for the ,cimabue in the ,south ,kensington ,mosaic4 ,written by ,leighton above the pencil drawing are the words3 ,simone ,memmi ,capella ,spagnoli 7,st4 ,maria ,novella1 ,florence71 ,taddeo ,gaddi white and gold cap1 ,giotto gold and sea green1 ,cimabue gold flowers on white ground1 ,sim4 ,memmi with grey beard1 head dress1 yellow hood with black lining1 ,florence1 #ahec1 ,f4,l4 ,a study in brown 7water-colour7 7,no4 #ia7 signed ,florence1 #ahed1 ,f4,l41 was used by ,leighton forty years after it was made in his background for ,lachrymae 7,no4 #adg71 an engraving of which was given to the collection by ,messrs4 ,a4 ,tooth4 ,the same study was also used for a charming design1 highly finished in pencil and ,chinese white1 apparently executed for a book illustration1 which is now in the ,house4 ,one of the most beautiful of the foliage studies tells of a happy day ,near ,bellosguardo1 ,sept4_/#ef4 7,no4 #aga74 ,it is a perfect and highly-finished study of a vine4 ,what joy ,leighton must have had while looking at this exquisite thing in the ,september sunshine on that delicious ,bellosguardo height6 ,a butterfly and a bee were minutely pencilled on the paper as they flew round the vine-leaves as he drew them4 ,cyclamen ,tivoli1 ,oct4_/#ef4 is written on another of these tiny treasures4 ,aloes ,pampl4 ,doria1 ,pyrte ,roma1 ,thistle ,rhodes1 ,lindos_/#fg ,asphodel1 ,thistle ,banks of ,tiber1 stalk light warm brown1 leaf dark cld4 brown1 flow4 dsk4 warm brown1 ,roma_/#ef1 are notes on some of these pages of studies1 which can only be said to compare with the work of a ,leonardo or an ,albert ,duerer4 ,there is absolutely no mannerism traceable2 there is ,nature's own quality of style4 ,there is nothing slovenly in ,nature1 there is as surely nothing slovenly in ,lord ,leighton's art4 ,the gift which in these modern days is perhaps most rare is a sense of style4 ,leighton's feeling for style was as much a part of his individual and native taste as was his delight in any other quality of beauty in ,nature4 ,indeed what we call style in art is but the reflection of the same quality in ,nature herself1 the love which adds to the more oblivious facts of ,nature a further quality of truth1 a completer insight into her4 ,leighton possessed a sculptor's feeling for form4 ,it was his subtle grasp of truth in structure which gives a special value to his outline drawings4 ,the keen sensitiveness to the right character of the form1 to which his pencil outline was the limit1 influenced the quality of his touch as he portrayed that limit4 ,he felt things in the round as solid projections in various planes1 advancing or receding from the eye4 ,as in the best sculpture1 to every aspect of the solid form you get a fine1 subtle1 absolutely clear outline2 so in ,leighton's drawing of a contour1 never is there any vague or undecided passage4 ,this insures to his work the quality of distinction4 ,these studies have1 one and all1 that quality4 ,they are distinguished1 as are fragments of the best ,greek sculpture4 ,every born artist falls in love specially with one class of sentiment in ,nature4 ,whether his special gifts guide his passion1 or his passion his gifts1 who can say8 ,probably each urges the other4 ,the special note of beauty in ,nature which excited ,leighton's deepest enthusiasm was the quality which is most like that in a shell4 ,in the pumpkin flowers in the study given by ,mr4 ,hamo ,thornycroft of ,kalmia ,califolia1 and in many others1 is recalled notably the fine1 pure1 carved distinctness of the forms in a shell--the shell that contains the form and colour that at once delights the sense both of the painter and the sculptor4 ,in the oil sketches by ,leighton1 those poems of ,southern sunlight and colour1 records of voyages in the ,a,egean seas1 and off the coasts and islands of ,greece and ,asia ,minor1 we again recall the special beauty in the quality and colour of a shell1 the rainbow tints in mother-of-pearl1 the faint translucence trembling in a sheen of light4 ,in gauging the exceptional quality of the gifts which all these studies evince it will be well to remember that ,leighton1 at the time they were made1 was under no influence but that of his own high standard1 and led by no lights save those of his own exquisitely delicate perceptions4 ,for the last twenty or thirty years detail in ,nature--vegetation and ,nature which is called still life--has been truthfully popularised by photography1 so that now all students have it in their power to study from such detail treated on a flat surface4 ,beauty of natural structure and grace of line rendered with right perspective on a sheet of paper can be enjoyed and made use of by every artist4 ,many do avail themselves of photographs to carry out and complete the details of their pictures4 ,but when ,leighton made these wonderful drawings no such standards of elaborate finish of detail had been diffused4 ,nor had he joined1 nor in any way come under the influence of the ,pre-,raphaelite ,brotherhood1 nor received any inspiration from the teaching of ,mr4 ,ruskin4 ,though we may truly liken these studies from still life to those by ,leonardo as regards the truthful perfection of copies from ,nature1 there is no evidence in ,leighton's drawings that the work1 even of the great1 much-revered-by-him ,italian masters had influenced him when drawing from ,nature4 ,on the contrary1 there is the strong stamp of his own peculiar genius on all of them1 the stamp that proves rather that he saw and loved ,nature as a ,greek would have seen and loved her4 ,essentially ,greek-like was the attitude in which ,leighton approached ,nature1 i4e4 with an emotion ever ardent in its intensity2 but as ever restrained by the rare gift--the sense of style and of the right balance and proportion necessary in treating worthily the beauties of ,nature in the language of art4 ,indeed1 it may truly be affirmed that ,leighton was made more like a ,greek than like an ,englishman as regarded his artistic powers1 ,english though he was to the backbone in feeling and sentiment4 ,the effect produced by that collected exhibition of his works in #ahig was1 beyond all other effects1 that of achievement2 and achievement which was the result of a perfect mastery and grasp of aims meant to be achieved from the first to the last touch on the canvas4 ,leighton was far too great an artist ever to be satisfied with the results of his labour4 ,those who knew him best can testify to his terrible depressions and disappointments4 ,still1 there was no muddling through1 to use ,lord ,rosebery's expression1 such as so many ,english artists confess to in reaching the final result4 ,greek-like1 ,leighton saw everything in a definite1 clearly outlined view1 and1 from the beginning to the end1 his work was one direct forwarding of his purpose4 ,in #ahfj1 ,leighton migrated to his studio in ,orme ,square1 ,bayswater4 ,the collection possesses several drawings made about that time1 notably the studies for ,lieder ohne ,worte 7,no4 #cf74 ,his young friend1 now the well-known portrait-painter1 ,mr4 ,hanson ,walker1 sat for the head in the picture3 ,a ,crowded ,scene in ,florence 7,no4 #aih71 a design full of interest and movement1 was the gift to the ,house of this friend of ,leighton's1 who1 at his instigation1 took up art as a profession4 ,in #ahff ,leighton moved from ,orme ,square to the ,house he had built in ,holland ,park ,road1 and there we can now follow his yearly labours by studying the sketches and drawings made for all the well-known famous pictures of the last thirty years1 till we come to the last--to that passionate appealing figure of ,clytie 7,no4 #bg71 drawn after the fatal warning had been given4 ,the motive is the same as that of the first design--the early design of the ,giotto 7,no4 #bbg71 7made very nearly fifty years before71 i4e4 ,sehnsucht--not the dreamy half-conscious ,sehnsucht of the awakening artist-nature as is seen in the boy ,giotto--but the passionate longing to remain in the rich existence that rare gifts and noble affections had secured for that artist-nature4 ,after the studies for ,clytie there but remain those made for pictures never to be painted1 till we reach at last the drawings made on the #bbnd of ,january #ahif 7,no4 #bfh71 the last day on which ,leighton worked4 ,three days after1 on the following ,saturday1 he died4 ,the object of the ,committee is to make this ,house and its treasures a centre for ,art in the ,parish of ,kensington1 where ,lord ,leighton lived for thirty years4 ,during seventeen of these years he was the ,president of the ,royal ,academy1 and1 by common consent1 the greatest ,president that institution has ever had4 ,the ,south ,kensington ,museum is not in the parish1 and1 though this is one of the richest in ,london1 ,kensington proper has no centre of ,art1 and is sufficiently far removed from the centre of the metropolis to make it important that it should possess such a centre4 ,since ,october #ahih1 the ,committee has arranged for ,concerts1 ,lectures1 and ,readings to take place in the ,studios1 and the public is now enlightened as to the exceptional acoustic qualities the ,studios possess1 a fact for long recognised by ,leighton's personal friends at the yearly concerts he gave to them when his pictures were ready for the ,royal ,academy4 ,it is proposed to add to the contents of the ,house an ,art ,library1 and for this many valuable volumes are waiting to be presented for the book-shelves to contain them4 ,the present proprietors are prepared to hand over the house and all it contains to any public body who will engage to maintain it and to meet the views of the ,committee as to the use of the ,house4 ,as a memorial to ,lord ,leighton1 the most suitable use will be1 they feel1 to devote it to the furtherance of the interests of ,art of the best in all lines and among all classes2 in fact to continue in his own home the culture of that sweetness and light which emanated so notably from his own nature4 ,to conclude with words written by his old and very intimate friend1 ,professor ,costa1 with whom he spent his last holiday in the autumn before he died3 ,leighton solved certain problems which appeared insoluble4 ,for instance1 he combined a life at high pressure with the most exquisite politeness--truth with poetry1 an iron will with the tenderness of a mother's heart1 high aims with a practical life and with the worship of beauty1 the ardour of which was only equalled by its purity4 ,e4,i4,b4 ,,footnotes3 #hi ,the greater portion of this preface appeared as an article in the ,magazine of ,art1 ,october #ahii4 ,it is with the kind permission of the proprietors that it is reprinted4 #ij ,mr4 ,de ,morgan is at present engaged in making two jars in pottery1 which he intends to present to the ,house1 to fill the niches in the ,arab ,hall4 #ia ,leighton has been cut up unmercifully by the critics1 but bears on1 ,robert says1 not without courage4 ,that you should say his picture looked well1 was comfort in the general gloom4--,letter from ,mrs4 ,browning to ,mrs4 ,jameson1 ,may #fth1 #ahef1 ,paris4 #ib ,nineteen years later1 ,i happened to copy the same group in water-colour2 but it was only after ,leighton's death that ,i saw this extraordinarily beautiful drawing4 ,,list ,,of ,,dignities ,,and ,,honours ,,conferred ,,on ,,frederic ,,leighton ,knighted1 #ahgh2 created a ,baronet1 #ahhf2 created ,baron ,leighton of ,stretton1 #ahif2 elected ,associate of the ,royal ,academy1 #ahfd2 ,royal ,academician1 #ahfi2 ,president of the ,royal ,academy1 #ahgh2 ,hon4 ,member1 ,royal ,scottish ,academy1 and ,royal ,hibernian ,academy1 ,associate of the ,institute of ,france1 ,president of the ,international ,jury of ,painting1 ,paris ,exhibition1 #ahgh2 ,hon4 ,member1 ,berlin ,academy1 #ahhf2 also ,member of the ,royal ,academy of ,vienna1 #ahhh2 ,belgium1 #ahhf2 of the ,academy of ,st4 ,luke1 ,rome1 and the ,academies of ,florence 7#ahhb71 ,turin1 ,genoa1 ,perugia1 and ,antwerp 7#ahhe72 ,hon4 ,d4,c4,l41 ,oxford1 #ahgi2 ,hon4 ,,ll4,d41 ,cambridge1 #ahgi2 ,hon4 ,,ll4,d41 ,edinburgh1 #ahhd2 ,hon4 ,d4 ,lit41 ,dublin1 #ahib2 ,hon4 ,d4,c4,l41 ,durham1 #ahid2 ,hon4 ,fellow of ,trinity ,college1 ,london1 #ahgf2 ,lieut4-,colonel of the #bjth ,middlesex 7,artist's7 ,rifle ,volunteers1 #ahgf to #ahhc 7resigned72 then ,hon4 ,colonel and ,holder of the ,volunteer ,decoration2 ,commander of the ,legion of ,honour1 #ahhi2 ,commander of the ,order of ,leopold2 ,knight of the ,prussian ,order pour le ,merite1 and of the ,coburg ,order ,dem ,verdienste4 ,,list ,,of ,,principal ,,works ,with ,date and ,place of ,exhibition4#ic ,corrected and amplified from ,frederic1 ,lord ,leighton1 ,his ,life and ,work1 by ,ernest ,rhys4 #ahej 7circa74 99,cimabue finding ,giotto in the fields of ,florence4 7#di-a_/b x #cg inches47 ,steinle ,institute 7,frankfort74 #ahej4 ,the ,duel between ,romeo and ,tybalt4 7#cg x #ej inches47 #ahea 7circa74 ,the ,death of ,brunelleschi4 ,steinle ,institute4 #ahea4 ,early ,portrait of ,leighton by ,himself4 #aheb4 99,a ,persian ,pedlar4 #aheb4 ,buffalmacco1 the ,painter4 ,a humorous subject1 from ,vasari1 was undertaken about this date4 ,see ,sketch in water-colour1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahec4 ,portrait of ,miss ,laing 7,lady ,nias74 #ahee4 ,cimabue's celebrated ,madonna is carried in procession through the streets of ,florence4 ,in front of the ,madonna1 and crowned with laurels1 walks ,cimabue himself1 with his pupil ,giotto2 behind it1 ,arnolfo di ,lappo1 ,taddeo ,gaddi1 ,andrea ,tafi1 ,niccola ,pisano1 ,buffalmacco1 and ,simone ,memmi2 in the corner1 ,dante4 7#hg-a_/b x #bje inches47 ,r4,a4#id ,purchased by ,h4,m4 ,queen ,victoria1 ,buckingham ,palace4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahee4 ,the ,reconciliation of the ,montagues and ,capulets over the dead bodies of ,romeo and ,juliet4 ,paris ,international ,exhibition4#ie #ahef4 ,the ,triumph of ,music4 7#hj x #aaj inches47 ,r4,a4 ,painted in ,paris4 ,orpheus1 by the power of his art1 redeems his wife from ,hades4 #ahef4 ,pan4 ,a subject from ,keats' ,hymn to ,pan1 in the first book of ,endymion4 ,painted in ,paris4 ,a figure of ,pan under a fig-tree1 with this inscription3-- ,o thou1 to whom ,broad-leaved fig-trees even now foredoom ,their ripen'd fruitage4 #ahef4 ,venus4 ,a pendant to the ,pan4 ,the figure of a nude nymph about to bathe1 with a little ,cupid loosening her sandal4 ,exhibited at the ,manchester ,exhibition and sent to ,america after4 ,painted in ,paris4 #aheg4 99,salome1 the daughter of ,herodias4 7#dd-a_/b x #be inches47 ,see ,sketch1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #aheh4 99,the ,mermaid 7the fisherman and the syren74 7,from a ballad by ,goethe47 7#bf-a_/b x #ah-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 ,half drew she him1 ,half sunk he in1 ,and never more was seen4 #aheh4 ,count ,paris1 accompanied by ,friar ,lawrence and a band of musicians1 comes to the house of the ,capulets to claim his bride3 he finds ,juliet stretched apparently lifeless on the bed4--,romeo and ,juliet1 ,act iv4 sc4 #e4 7#bf-a_/b x #ah-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 #aheh4 ,reminiscence of ,algiers3 ,a ,negro ,dance4 7,water-colour47 ,suffolk ,street ,gallery4 #ahei4 ,sunny ,hours4 ,r4,a4 #ahei4 99,roman ,lady 7,la ,nanna74 ,r4,a4 #ahei4 99,nanna 7,pavonia74 ,r4,a4 #ahei4 ,samson and ,delilah4 ,s4,s4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahfj4 ,capri--,sunrise4 ,r4,a4 #ahfa4 99,portrait of ,mrs4 ,sutherland ,orr ,mrs4 ,s4,o41 a ,portrait4 7#bh x #ah inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahfa4 99,portrait of ,john ,hanson ,walker1 ,esq4 7#bc x #ag inches47 ,owner1 ,h4,m4 ,the ,king4 ,r4,a4 #ahfa4 ,paolo e ,francesca4 ,see ,sketch1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 ,ma solo un punto fu quel che ci vinse ,quando legemmo il disiato riso ,esser baciato da cotanto amante1 ,questi1 che mai da me non fia diviso1 ,la bocca mi bacio tutto tremante3 ,galeotto fu 'l libro e chi lo scrisse3 ,quel giorno piu non vi legemmo avante4 #ahfa4 ,a ,dream4 444,not yet--not yet-- ,still there is trial for thee1 still the lot ,to bear 7the ,father wills it7 strife and care2 ,with this sweet consciousness in balance set ,against the world1 to soothe thy suffering there ,the ,lord rejects thee not4 ,such tender words awoke me hopeful1 shriven ,to life on earth again from dream of heaven4 #ahfa4 ,lieder ohne ,worte4 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahfa4 ,j4,a4 ,a ,study4 ,r4,a4 #ahfa4 ,capri--,paganos4 ,r4,a4 #ahfb4 ,odalisque4 ,r4,a4 #ahfb4 99,the ,star of ,bethlehem4 7#fj x #bc-a_/b inches47 ,one of the ,magi1 from the terrace of his house1 stands looking at the star in the ,east2 the lower part of the picture indicates a road1 which he may be supposed just to have left4 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahfb4 ,sisters4 ,r4,a4 #ahfb4 99,michael ,angelo ,nursing his ,dying ,servant4 7#dc x #cf inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahfb4 ,duett4 ,r4,a4 #ahfb4 ,sea ,echoes4 ,r4,a4 #ahfb4 ,rustic ,music4 ,r4,a4 #ahfc4 ,jezebel and ,ahab1 having caused ,naboth to be put to death1 go down to take possession of his vineyard2 they are met at the entrance by ,elijah the ,tishbite4 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 ,hast thou killed1 and also taken possession8 #ahfc4 99,eucharis4 7,a ,girl with a ,basket of ,fruit47 7#cb-a_/b x #bb inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahfc4 ,a ,girl ,feeding ,peacocks4 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketch1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahfc4 ,an ,italian ,crossbowman4 7#ea x #bd-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahfd4 ,dante at ,verona4 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahfd4 99,orpheus and ,eurydice4 7#di x #db inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 ,but give them--the mouth1 the eyes1--the brow-- ,let them once more absorb me6 ,one look now ,will lap me round for ever1 not to pass ,out of its light1 though darkness lie beyond6 ,hold me but safe again within the bond ,of one immortal look6 ,all woe that was1 ,forgotten1 and all terror that may be1 ,defied--no past is mine1 no future6 look at me6 --,,robert ,,browning3 ,a ,fragment4 #ahfd4 99,golden ,hours4 7#cf x #dh inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches in oil and chalk1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahfd4 99,portrait of the late ,miss ,lavinia ,i',anson4 7,circular1 #ab-a_/b inches47 #ahfe4 99,david4 7#cg x #dg inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 ,oh that ,i had wings like a dove6 for then would ,i fly away1 and be at rest4--,psalm lv4 #ahfe4 ,mother and ,child4 ,r4,a4 #ahfe4 ,widow's ,prayer4 ,r4,a4 #ahfe4 ,helen of ,troy4 ,r4,a4 ,thus as she spoke1 in ,helen's breast arose ,fond recollections of her former lord1 ,her home1 and parents2 o'er her head she threw ,a snowy veil2 and shedding tender tears ,she issued forth not unaccompanied2 ,for with her went fair ,a,ethra1 ,pittheus' child1 ,and stag-eyed ,clymene1 her maidens twain4 ,they quickly at the ,scaean gate arrived4 #ahfe4 ,in ,st4 ,mark's4 ,r4,a4 #ahff4 ,painter's ,honeymoon4 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketch1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahff4 ,portrait of ,mrs4 ,james ,guthrie4 ,r4,a4 #ahff4 ,syracusan ,bride leading wild beasts in procession to the ,temple of ,diana4 7,suggested by a passage in the second ,idyll of ,theocritus47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 ,and for her1 then1 many other wild beasts were going in procession round about1 and among them a lioness4 #ahff4 ,a ,noble ,lady of ,venice4 7,not exhibited till #ahig47 #ahff4 ,the ,wise and ,foolish ,virgins4 7,fresco in ,lyndhurst ,church1 finished #ahfd47 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahfg4 99,pastoral4 7#ea-a_/b x #bf inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketch1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahfg4 99,greek ,girl ,dancing4 7,spanish ,dancing ,girl2 ,cadiz in the old times47 7#cd x #de inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahfg4 ,knuckle-,bone ,player4 ,r4,a4 #ahfg4 99,roman ,mother4 7#bd x #ai inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahfg4 99,venus disrobing for the ,bath4 7#gi x #ce-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahfg4 99,portrait of ,mrs4 ,john ,hanson ,walker4 7#ah x #af inches47 #ahfh4 ,jonathan's ,token to ,david4 ,r4,a4 ,and it came to pass in the morning1 that ,jonathan went out into the field at the time appointed by ,david1 and a little lad with him4 #ahfh4 99,portrait of ,mrs4 ,frederick ,p4 ,cockerell4 7#bc-a_/b x #ai-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahfh4 99,portrait of ,john ,martineau1 ,esq4 7#bc-a_/b x #ai-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahfh4 99,ariadne abandoned by ,theseus2 ,ariadne watches for his return2 ,artemis releases her by death4 7#de x #fb inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahfh4 99,acme and ,septimius4 7,circular1 #cg-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 ,then bending gently back her head ,with that sweet mouth1 so rosy red1 ,upon his eyes she dropped a kiss1 ,intoxicating him with bliss4 --,,catullus 7,theodore ,martin's translation74 #ahfh4 99,actaea1 the ,nymph of the ,shore4 7#bb x #dj inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahfi4 99,s4 ,jerome4 7,diploma work1 deposited in the ,academy on his election as an ,academician47 7#gb x #ee inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahfi4 99,daedalus and ,icarus4 7#ec-a_/b x #dj-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahfi4 99,electra at the ,tomb of ,agamemnon4 7#ei-a_/b x #bi inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahfi4 99,helios and ,rhodos4 7#fe-a_/b x #db inches7 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahgj4 ,a ,nile ,woman4 7#ba-a_/b x #aa-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahgj4 ,study4 ,s4,s4 #ahga4 99,hercules ,wrestling with ,death for the ,body of ,alcestis4 7#ed x #ajd-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahga4 ,greek ,girls picking up ,pebbles by the shore of the ,sea4 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketch1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahga4 99,cleoboulos instructing his daughter ,cleobouline4 7#bd x #cg-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahga4 ,view of ,assiout 7874 7,a sketch47 ,s4,s4 #ahga4 ,sunrise at ,lougsor4 7,a sketch47 ,s4,s4 #ahga4 ,view of the ,red ,mountains near ,cairo4 7,a sketch7 ,s4,s4 #ahgb4 99,after ,vespers4 7#dc x #bg-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketch1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahgb4 99,summer ,moon4 7,guildhall1 #ahij47 7#ci-a_/b x #ej-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahgb4 ,portrait of the ,right ,hon4 ,edward ,ryan1 ,secretary of the ,dilettante ,society1 for which the picture was painted4 7,s4,p4,p41 #ahic47 ,r4,a4 #ahgb4 ,a ,condottiere4 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketch1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahgb4 99,the ,industrial ,arts of ,war1 at the ,international ,exhibition at ,south ,kensington4 7,monochrome1 #gf x #agg inches47 ,carried out in fresco on the wall of the ,victoria and ,albert ,museum4 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahgb4 ,the ,captive4 ,s4,s4 #ahgb4 ,an ,arab ,cafe1 ,algiers4 ,s4,s4 #ahgc4 99,weaving the ,wreath4 7,guildhall1 #ahie47 ,r4,a4 #ahgc4 ,moretta4 7,guildhall1 #ahid47 7#bj-a_/b x #ad-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahgc4 ,the ,industrial ,arts of ,peace4 7,monochrome1 #gf x #agg inches47 ,carried out in fresco on the wall of the ,victoria and ,albert ,museum4 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahgc4 ,a ,roman4 ,s4,s4 #ahgc4 ,vittoria4 ,s4,s4 #ahgd4 99,moorish ,garden3 ,a ,dream of ,granada4 7,guildhall #ahie47 7#da x #dj inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahgd4 ,old ,damascus3 ,jews' ,quarter4 ,r4,a4 #ahgd4 99,antique ,juggling ,girl4 7,guildhall1 #ahib47 7#da-a_/b x #bd inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketch1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahgd4 ,clytemnestra from the battlements of ,argos watches for the ,beacon ,fires which are to announce the return of ,agamemnon4 ,r4,a4 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 ,see also ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahgd4 ,annarella1 ,ana ,capri4 ,d4,g4 #ahgd4 ,rubinella1 ,capri4 ,d4,g4 #ahgd4 ,lemon ,tree1 ,capri4 ,d4,g4 #ahgd4 ,west ,court of ,palazzo1 ,venice4 ,d4,g4 #ahge4 99,portion of the ,interior of the ,grand ,mosque of ,damascus4 7#fb x #dg inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahge4 99,portrait of ,mrs4 ,h4,e4 ,gordon4 7#ce-a_/b x #cg inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahge4 99,little ,fatima4 7#ae-a_/b x #i-a_/d inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahge4 ,venetian ,girl4 ,r4,a4 #ahge4 99,egyptian ,slinger4 7,eastern slinger scaring birds in harvest time3 ,moonrise47 7,guildhall1 #ahij47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahge4 ,florentine ,youth4 ,s4,s4 #ahge4 ,ruined ,mosque in ,damascus4 ,s4,s4 #ahgf4 99,portrait of ,sir ,richard ,francis ,burton1 ,k4,c4,m4,g4 7,portrait of ,captain ,richard ,burton1 ,h4,m4 ,consul at ,trieste47 7#bc-a_/b x #ai-a_/b inches47 7,paris1 #ahgh2 ,melbourne1 #ahhh2 ,s4,p4,p41 #ahib47 ,r4,a4 ,national ,portrait ,gallery4 #ahgf4 99,the ,daphnephoria4 7#hi x #bjd inches47 ,a triumphal procession held every ninth year at ,thebes1 in honour of ,apollo and to commemorate a victory of the ,thebans over the ,aeolians of ,arne4 7,see ,proclus1 ,chrestomath1 p4 #aa47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahgf4 ,teresina4 ,r4,a4 #ahgf4 ,paolo4 ,r4,a4 #ahgg4 99,music ,lesson4 7#cf-a_/b x #cg-a_/h inches47 7,paris1 #ahgh47 ,r4,a4 #ahgg4 99,portrait of ,miss ,mabel ,mills 7,the ,hon4 ,mrs4 ,grenfell74 7#bc x #ai inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahgg4 99,an ,athlete ,strangling a ,python4#if ,bronze4 7,paris1 #ahgh47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketch in plaster1 ,leighton ,house ,collection1 presented by ,g4,f4 ,watts1 ,o4,m4 #ahgg4 99,portrait of ,h4,e4 ,gordon4 7#bc-a_/b x #ai inches47 ,g4,g4 #ahgg4 ,an ,italian ,girl4 ,g4,g4 #ahgg4 99,study4 7,a little girl with fair hair1 in a pink robe47 7#bd x #bh inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahgg4 ,a ,study4 ,g4,g4 #ahgh4 99,nausicaa4 7#eg-a_/b x #bf-a_/b inches47 7,guildhall1 #ahif47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahgh4 ,serafina4 ,r4,a4 #ahgh4 99,winding the ,skein4 7#ci-a_/b x #fc-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketch1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahgh4 ,a ,study4 ,r4,a4 #ahgh4 99,portrait of ,miss ,ruth ,stewart ,hodgson4 7#ej-a_/b x #ce-a_/b inches47 ,g4,g4 #ahgh4 ,study of a ,girl's ,head4 ,g4,g4 #ahgh4 ,sierra3 ,elviza in the distance1 ,granada4 ,s4,s4 #ahgh4 ,the ,sierra ,alhama1 ,granada4 ,s4,s4 #ahgi4 ,biondina4 ,r4,a4 #ahgi4 ,catarina4 ,r4,a4 #ahgi4 99,elijah in the ,wilderness4 7#ia x #ha-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 7,paris1 #ahgh47 ,corporation of ,liverpool4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahgi4 ,portrait of ,signor ,g4 ,costa4 ,r4,a4 #ahgi4 ,amarilla4 ,r4,a4 #ahgi4 ,a ,study4 ,r4,a4 #ahgi4 ,portrait of the ,countess ,brownlow4 ,r4,a4 #ahgi4 99,neruccia4 7#ai x #af inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahgi4 ,a ,study4 ,s4,s4 #ahgi4 ,the ,carrara ,hills4 ,s4,s4 #ahgi4 ,a ,street in ,lerici4 ,s4,s4 #ahgi4 ,via ,bianca1 ,capri4 ,g4,g4 #ahgi4 ,archway in ,algiers4 ,g4,g4 #ahgi4 ,ruins of a ,mosque1 ,damascus4 ,g4,g4 #ahgi4 ,study of a ,donkey4 ,g4,g4 #ahgi4 ,on the ,terrace1 ,capri4 ,g4,g4 #ahgi4 ,sketch near ,damascus4 ,g4,g4 #ahgi4 ,view in ,granada4 ,g4,g4 #ahgi4 ,study of a ,donkey1 ,egypt4 ,g4,g4 #ahgi4 ,study of a ,head4 ,g4,g4 #ahgi4 ,nicandra4 ,g4,g4 #ahhj4 99,sister's ,kiss4 7#dh x #ba-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketch1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahhj4 99,iostephane4 7#cg x #ai inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahhj4 ,the ,light of the ,harem4 7#fj x #cc inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahhj4 ,psamathe4 7#cf x #bd inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahhj4 99,the ,nymph of the ,dargle 7,crenaia74 7#bi-a_/b x #aj inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahhj4 ,rubinella4 ,g4,g4 #ahhj4 ,the ,pozzo ,corner1 ,venice4 ,winter ,exhibition4 ,g4,g4 #ahhj4 ,jack and his ,cider ,can4 ,winter ,exhibition4 ,g4,g4 #ahhj4 ,the ,painter's ,honeymoon4 ,winter ,exhibition4 ,g4,g4 #ahhj4 ,winding of the ,skein 7with sketch74 ,winter ,exhibition4 ,g4,g4 #ahhj4 ,head of ,urbino4 ,winter ,exhibition4 ,g4,g4 #ahhj4 ,steps of the ,bargello1 ,florence4 ,winter ,exhibition4 ,g4,g4 #ahhj4 ,a ,contrast4 ,winter ,exhibition4 ,g4,g4 #ahhj4 ,garden at ,capri4 ,winter ,exhibition4 ,g4,g4 #ahhj4 ,twenty-nine ,studies of ,heads1 ,flowers1 and ,draperies4 ,winter ,exhibition4 ,g4,g4 #ahha4 ,elisha raising the son of the ,shunammite4 7#cb x #ed inches47 7,guildhall1 #ahie47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahha4 ,portrait of the ,painter4#ig ,r4,a4 #ahha4 99,idyll4 7#da-a_/b x #hd inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches in oil and chalk1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahha4 99,portrait of ,mrs4 ,stephen ,ralli4 7#dh x #cc inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahha4 99,whispers4 7#dh x #cj inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketch1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahha4 ,viola4 ,r4,a4 #ahha4 99,bianca4 7#ah x #ab-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahha4 ,portrait of ,mrs4 ,algernon ,sartoris4 ,g4,g4 #ahhb4 99,day-,dreams4 7#dg-a_/b x #ce-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahhb4 ,wedded4 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahhb4 ,phryne at ,eleusis4 7#hf x #dh inches47 7,melbourne1 #ahhh47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahhb4 ,antigone4 ,r4,a4 #ahhb4 ,and the sea gave up the dead which were in it--,rev4 xx4 #ac4 7,design for a portion of a decoration in ,st4 ,paul's47 ,r4,a4 ,the ,tate ,gallery4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahhb4 ,melittion4 ,r4,a4 #ahhb4 99,portrait of ,mrs4 ,mocatta4 7#bc-a_/b x #ai-a_/b inches47 #ahhb4 ,zeyra4 ,g4,g4 #ahhc4 ,the ,dance3 decorative frieze for a drawing-room in a private house4 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahhc4 99,vestal4 7#bd-a_/b x #ag inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahhc4 99,kittens4 7#dh x #ca-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahhc4 ,memories4 ,r4,a4 #ahhc4 ,portrait of ,miss ,nina ,joachim4 7#af x #ac inches47 #ahhd4 99,letty4 7#ah x #ae-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahhd4 99,cymon and ,iphigenia4 7#fd x #abi inches47 7,berlin1 #ahhe47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahhd4 ,a ,nap4 ,r4,a4 #ahhd4 ,sun ,gleams4 ,r4,a4 #ahhe4 444,serenely wandering in a trance of sober thought4 444 7#df x #bg inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahhe4 ,portrait of the ,lady ,sybil ,primrose4 ,r4,a4 #ahhe4 99,portrait of ,mrs4 ,a4 ,hichens4 7#bf-a_/b x #bj-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahhe4 ,music3 a frieze4 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahhe4 ,phoebe4 7,manchester1 #ahhg47 ,r4,a4 #ahhe4 ,a ,study4 ,g4,g4 #ahhe4 ,tombs of ,muslim ,saints4 ,s4,s4 #ahhe4 ,mountains near ,ronda ,puerta de los ,vientos4 ,s4,s4 #ahhf4 ,painted decoration for the ceiling of a music-room4#ih 7#g x #bj feet47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahhf4 ,gulnihal4 ,r4,a4 #ahhf4 99,the ,sluggard4 ,statue1 bronze4 ,r4,a4 ,presented to the ,tate ,gallery by ,sir ,henry ,tate4 ,see ,statuette1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahhf4 99,needless ,alarms4 ,statuette4 ,r4,a4 ,see ,bronze1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahhg4 99,the ,jealousy of ,simoetha1 the ,sorceress4 7#ce x #ee-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketch1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahhg4 99,the ,last ,watch of ,hero4 7#fb-a_/b x #ce-a_/b inches1 with predella #ab-a_/b x #bi-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 ,corporation of ,manchester4 ,see ,sketch1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 ,with aching heart she scanned the sea-face dim4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,lo6 at the turret's foot his body lay1 ,rolled on the stones1 and washed with breaking spray4 --,hero and ,leander3 ,musaeus 7translated by ,edwin ,arnold74 #ahhg4 ,picture of a little girl with golden hair1 and pale blue eyes4 ,yellow and pale as ripened corn ,which ,autumn's kiss frees--grain from sheath-- ,such was her hair1 while her eyes beneath1 ,showed ,spring's faint violets freshly born4 --,,robert ,,browning4 #ahhg4 99,design for the reverse of the ,jubilee ,medallion4 7,executed for ,her ,majesty ,queen ,victoria's ,government47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 ,empire1 enthroned in the centre1 rests her right hand on the sword of ,justice1 and holds in her left the symbol of victorious rule4 ,at her feet1 on one side1 ,commerce proffers wealth2 on the other1 a winged figure holds emblems of ,electricity and ,steam-power4 ,flanking the throne to the right of the spectator are ,agriculture and ,industry2 on the opposite side1 ,science1 ,literature1 and the ,arts4 ,above1 interlocking wreaths1 held by winged genii representing respectively the years #ahcg and #ahhg1 inclose the initials ,v4,r4,i4 #ahhh4 99,captive ,andromache4 7#gg x #afj inches47 ,r4,a4 ,corporation of ,manchester4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 444,some standing by1 ,marking thy tears fall1 shall say1 ',this is she1 ,the wife of that same ,hector that fought best ,of all the ,trojans1 when all fought for ,troy4' --,iliad1 vi4 7,e4,b4 ,browning's translation74 #ahhh4 99,portrait of ,amy1 ,lady ,coleridge4 7#db x #ci-a_/b inches47 7,s4,p4,p41 #ahia47 ,r4,a4 #ahhh4 99,portraits of the ,misses ,stewart ,hodgson4 7#dg x #ci-a_/b inches47 #ahhh4 ,four ,studies4 ,r4,w4,s4 #ahhh4 ,five ,studies4 ,s4,s4 #ahhi4 99,sibyl4 7#ei x #cd inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahhi4 99,invocation4 7#ed x #cc-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahhi4 ,elegy4 ,r4,a4 #ahhi4 ,greek ,girls playing at ,ball4 7#de x #gh inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahhi4 99,portrait of ,mrs4 ,francis ,a4 ,lucas4 7#bc-a_/b x #ai-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahij4 ,solitude4 ,r4,a4 #ahij4 99,the ,bath of ,psyche4#ii 7#ge x #bd-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahij4 99,tragic ,poetess4 7#fc x #cd inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahij4 99,the ,arab ,hall4 7#cc x #af inches47 7,guildhall1 #ahij47 ,r4,a4 #ahia4 99,perseus and ,andromeda4 7#ia-a_/b x #ej inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahia4 99,portrait of ,a4,b4 ,freeman-,mitford1 ,esq41 ,c4,b4 7#df-a_/d x #ch-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahia4 99,return of ,persephone4 7#gi x #ei-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 ,corporation of ,leeds4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahia4 ,athlete ,struggling with a ,python4 ,group1 marble4 ,r4,a4 #ahib4 99,and the sea gave up the dead which were in it4 7,circular1 #ic inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahib4 ,at the ,fountain4 7#di x #cg inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahia4 99,the ,garden of the ,hesperides4 7,circular1 #ff inches47 7,chicago1 #ahic2 ,guildhall1 #ahie47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahib4 ,bacchante4 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahib4 99,clytie4 7#cb-a_/b x #ec-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahib4 ,phryne at the ,bath4 7#bd x #ab inches47 ,s4,s4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahib4 ,malin ,head1 ,donegal4 ,s4,s4 #ahib4 ,st4 ,mark's1 ,venice4 ,s4,s4 #ahib4 ,interior of ,st4 ,mark's1 ,venice4 ,s4,s4 #ahib4 ,the ,doorway1 ,north ,aisle1 ,venice4 ,s4,s4 #ahib4 ,rizpah 7the small study in oils74 7#g x #g inches47 ,s4,s4 #ahic4 99,farewell6 7#fc x #bf-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahic4 99,hit6 7#bi x #bb inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahic4 ,atalanta4 7#bf-a_/b x #ai inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahic4 ,rizpah4 7#cf x #eb inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahic4 ,corinna of ,tanagra4 7#dg-a_/b x #ba inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahid4 99,the ,spirit of the ,summit4 7#gg-a_/b x #ci-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahid4 99,the ,bracelet4 7#ei-a_/b x #bc inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahid4 99,fatidica4 7#ei-a_/b x #dc inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahid4 99,summer ,slumber4 7#de-a_/b x #fb inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection1 one presented by ,h4,m4 ,the ,king4 #ahid4 ,at the ,window4 ,r4,a4 #ahid4 ,wide1 ,wondering ,eyes4 7#bj x #ae-a_/b inches47 ,manchester4 #ahid4 ,the ,roman ,campagna1 ,monte ,soracte in the distance4 ,s4,s4 #ahid4 ,the ,acropolis of ,lindos4 ,s4,s4 #ahid4 ,fiume ,morto1 ,gombo1 ,pisa4 ,s4,s4 #ahid4 ,gibraltar from ,san ,rocque4 ,s4,s4 #ahie4 ,lachrymae4 7#fj x #bd inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahie4 ,the ,maid with the ,yellow ,hair4 ,r4,a4 #ahie4 99',twixt ,hope and ,fear4 7#dc-a_/b x #ch-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 #ahie4 99,flaming ,june4 7#df x #df inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahie4 ,listener4 ,r4,a4 #ahie4 ,a ,study4 ,r4,a4 #ahie4 ,phoenicians bartering with ,britons4 ,presented to the ,royal ,exchange by ,lord ,leighton4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahie4 ,boy with ,pomegranate4 ,grafton ,gallery4 #ahie4 ,miss ,dene4 #ahie4 ,aqua ,certosa1 ,rome4 ,s4,s4 #ahie4 ,chain of ,hills seen from ,ronda4 ,s4,s4 #ahie4 ,rocks1 ,malin ,head1 ,donegal4 ,s4,s4 #ahie4 ,tlemcen1 ,algeria4 ,s4,s4 #ahif4 99,clytie4 7#fa-a_/b x #ec-a_/b inches47 ,r4,a4 ,see ,sketches1 ,leighton ,house ,collection4 #ahif4 ,candida4 7#ba x #da-a_/b inches47 ,antwerp1 #ahif4 #ahif4 99,the ,vestal4 7#bg x #bj-a_/b inches47 ,unfinished4 #ahif4 99,a ,bacchante4 7#bf-a_/b x #ba inches47 #ahif4 99,the ,fair ,persian4 7#be-a_/b x #ai-a_/b inches47 ,unfinished4 ,,footnotes3 #ic ,the asterisk denotes works exhibited at the ,winter ,exhibition of the ,royal ,academy of ,arts1 #ahig4 #id ,r4,a41 ,royal ,academy2 ,g4,g41 ,grosvenor ,gallery2 ,r4,w4,s41 ,royal ,society of ,painters in ,water-,colours2 ,s4,s41 ,royal ,society of ,british ,artists1 ,suffolk ,street2 ,d4,g41 ,dudley ,gallery2 ,s4,p4,p41 ,society of ,portrait ,painters4 #ie ,exhibited in the ,roman section by some blunder of the ,committee1 the picture having been painted in ,rome4 #if ,purchased for ,l#bjjj by the ,president and ,council of the ,royal ,academy1 under the terms of the ,chantrey ,bequest4 #ig ,painted by invitation for the collection of ,portraits of ,artists painted by themselves1 in the ,uffizi ,gallery1 ,florence4 #ih ,painted for the house of ,mr4 ,marquand1 ,new ,york4 #ii 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,frederick1 ii4 #bii ,si ,achmet1 ,syed1 ii4 #agc1 #agd1 #agf1 #agg ,siddons1 ,mrs41 i4 #bfh ,siena1 ,leighton at the ,duomo fire in1 ii4 #bdb note #fd ,simon1 ,john1 ii4 #db ,smith1 ,george1 ii4 #cfd ,society1 i4 #aff1 #bbb-bbc ,sohag1 ii4 #adj1 #aei ,somers1 ,lord1 ii4 #bac ,souls1 the1 ii4 #be ,south ,london ,fine ,art ,gallery1 ii4 #h ,spain1 ,leighton's visit to 7#ahff71 ii4 #abh2 7#ahhg71 ii4 #bji2 7#ahhi71 #bch note #fb ,spanish language1 ,leighton's mastery of1 ii4 #bch note #fb ,speke1 ii4 #agb ,spencer1 ,lord and ,lady1 ii4 #ib ,sphinx1 ii4 #adf ,spielmann1 ,m41 letter to1 ii4 #ab ,spottiswoode1 ,wm41 letter from1 ii4 #baf note #ed ,stanton1 ,col41 ii4 #aca-acb ,statuary1 see ,sculpture ,steinle1 ,eduard von1 influence of1 on ,leighton1 i4 #bg1 #ib1 #bae1 #bej2 ii4 #cjc2 ,leighton's tribute to1 i4 #fa2 list of ,florentine paintings recommended by1 for study1 i4 #bbe-bbf2 with ,leighton 7#ahef71 i4 #bha-bhb2 water-colour by1 i4 #bia note #fi2 portrait of 7,der ,winter71 ii4 #cjc-cjd2 estimate of1 i4 #dj-db2 death of1 ii4 #cjc2 letters to1 i4 #bb note #i1 #hg1 #aah1 #aai1 #acj1 #acd1 #aej1 #aed1 #aeg1 #agb1 #ahg1 #aij1 #aic1 #bae1 #bcc1 #bcg1 #bch1 #bgi1 #bhd1 #bia-bif1 #cjd1 #cje2 ii4 #aa1 #di1 #ej1 #ec1 #fc1 #fd1 #ia1 #aje1 #ajf1 #aab1 #ahh1 #bja2 letters from1 i4 #aaf1 #abj1 #aea1 #ahi1 #bhj2 ii4 #abg1 #bbd1 #cjb2 otherwise mentioned1 i4 #bd1 #ef1 #fd-fe1 #hf1 #aac1 #abi1 #acf ,stephens1 ii4 #ei1 #hg ,sterlings1 ii4 #acc1 #ace1 #ahb ,stevens1 ,alfred1 ,wellington monument by1 ii4 #bhf-bhg ,storey1 ,w4,w41 ii4 #g ,strafford1 ,alice1 ,countess of1 i4 #bea note #ef ,strangford1 ,lady1 ii4 #bbb note #eg ,stratford de ,redcliffe1 ,lady1 ii4 #dj ,strauch1 i4 #bch ,stretton1 i4 #cd ,style1 ii4 #d1 #cgf ,sunrise1 i4 #gi ,sunset1 i4 #agj ,swinburne1 ,a4,c41 letter from1 ii4 #cjg2 tribute of1 ii4 #cci2 quoted1 ii4 #bah note #ef ,symons1 ,arthur1 quoted1 ii4 #bc-bd ,syoot1 ii4 #acg-adj ,tadema1 ,alma1 i4 #bbj ,talfourd1 ii4 #ee ,tangiers1 ii4 #bji-baj ,tate1 ,sir 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,verdi1 i4 #bfh ,verona1 i4 #gb1 #gc1 #ge ,viardot1 ,madame1 ii4 #eb-ec and note #ad1 #bag ,vibert1 ii4 #cja1 #cjb ,vichy1 ii4 #bah note #ef ,victoria1 ,queen1 ,cimabue's ,madonna bought by1 i4 #ahg note #cd1 #aic1 #aie1 #bbb2 on ,prince ,consort's death1 ii4 #he1 #hf2 medallion for ,jubilee of1 ii4 #bhh2 otherwise mentioned1 i4 #bfa1 #bfc1 #bfe1 #bgf ,victoria and ,albert ,museum-- ,decoration of1 ii4 #bjb-bjd2 ,leighton examiner at1 ii4 #bab ,volunteering1 ,leighton's activities in1 i4 #aa-ad2 ii4 #hf1 #ajg1 #aaa2 his retirement 7#ahhc71 ii4 #bdc-bde ,vyner1 ,mr4 ,clare1 ii4 #ib ,walker1 ,john ,hanson 7,johnny71 ,leighton's friendship with1 i4 #bea and note #eg2 paintings from1 ii4 #he and note #bb2 letters to1 i4 #bfi-bgg ,walker1 ,mrs4 ,j4,h41 portrait of1 i4 #bea note #eg1 #bgc and note #ff ,wall-painting1 i4 #bif-big1 #cje ,walpole1 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,henry1 i4 #aae ,walton1 ,frank1 i4 #d ,wantage1 ,lady1 ii4 #ah note #d ,ward1 ,j41 cited1 ii4 #bja note #eb ,waterhouse1 ,a41 ii4 #cff ,watney1 ,mrs4 ,james1 ii4 #cfd ,watson1 ,wm41 letters from1 ii4 #cba ,watts1 ,g4,f41 estimate of ,leighton by1 i4 #d1 #g1 #baj2 ii4 #bb2 ,leighton's estimate of1 ii4 #ah2 views on the province of art1 #bc-bd2 theory on rendering of truth1 #ca2 ,leighton's friendship with1 i4 #bbd and note #dh2 compared with ,leighton1 #bcj-bca2 portraits of ,dorothy ,dene1 ii4 #bfi note #ge2 ,hollyer's photographs from1 #bhh2 baronetcy declined by1 #bhi2 picture presented by1 to ,leighton ,house1 #cff2 letter from1 i4 #bca2 quoted1 #bjh2 ii4 #aih note #di1 #bei1 #cff2 cited1 ii4 #aib1 #aid note #de2 otherwise mentioned1 i4 #add1 #beh1 #bfj-bfb2 ii4 #eg1 #aai1 #beh-bei1 #bfd1 #bih ,wellington1 ,duke of1 i4 #afh-afi2 ,stevens' monument of1 ii4 #bhf-bhg ,wells1 ,henry1 letters from1 ii4 #bdh note #fg1 #bej note #fg2 letters to1 #bdi-bee and note #fg1 #bhf1 #bhg1 #cah1 #cbb1 #cbi ,westbury1 ii4 #gd ,westminster1 architecture in1 i4 #hg ,whistler1 i4 #bda2 ii4 #cb ,wilkinson1 ,gardiner1 cited1 ii4 #afj ,willig1 i4 #bia ,wilson1 ,herbert1 i4 #bcg1 #bdj ,wonista1 ,mrs41 ii4 #aha ,woolfe1 ,henry1 ii4 #aad ,woeredle1 i4 #bie ,wright1 ,dr4 ,william1 quoted1 ii4 #bjf ,yeames' ,arthur and ,hubert1 ii4 #bhc ,zanetti1 i4 #ci ,zermatt1 ii4 #cae ,,the ,,end ,printed by ,,ballantyne1 ,,hanson ,,co4 ,edinburgh ,london ,,errata ,page #da1 note #b1 for soeuer1 read soeur4 ,page #adh1 line #ba1 for ,lindas1 read ,lindos4 ,page #bfj1 line #af1 for ,rispah1 read ,rizpah4 ,page #caf1 line #a1 for altmodish1 read altmodisch4 ,page #cbj1 line #cd1 for men-schlich1 read mensch-lich4 ,page #cja1 line #aj1 for ,gambia ,parry1 read ,gambier ,parry4 99 99 99 99 99 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,typographical errors corrected in text3 ,page #ad3 ,this arrangement1 if effected replaced with ,this arrangement1 is effected ,page #df3 a quarelle replaced with aquarelle ,page #fi3 ,,rivere ,,house replaced with ,,revere ,,house ,page #fi3 ,mr4 ,caleot replaced with ,mr4 ,cabot ,page #abi3 ,mr4 ,bileith replaced with ,mr4 ,biliotti ,page #aca3 #ahgh replaced with #ahfh4 7,grant and ,colfax1 mentioned later in the diary1 were elected in #ahfh1 not #ahgh47 ,page #acc3 #ahgh replaced with #ahfh4 7see above7 ,page #ade3 ,koorveh replaced with ,koorneh ,page #ahc3 fastastic replaced with fantastic ,page #aib3 ,cleaboulos ,instructing his ,daughter ,cleabouline replaced with ,cleoboulos ,instructing his ,daughter ,cleobouline ,page #aid3 ,cleabouline replaced with ,cleobouline ,page #aig3 ,cleabouline replaced with ,cleobouline ,page #bja3 ,cleabouline replaced with ,cleobouline ,page #bjg3 delighful replaced with delightful ,page #bji3 aficimado replaced with aficionado ,page #bcc3 spontanteous replaced with spontaneous ,page #bcf3 sociel replaced with social ,page #bda3 ,gussey replaced with ,gussy ,page #bid3 ',are there differents kinds' replaced with ',are there different kinds' ,page #cbj3 mensch-lich replaced with menschlich 7the errata includes the hyphen because it spans two lines7 ,page #cde3 heirarchy replaced with hierarchy ,page #cdg3 a vivid scene of abstract beauty replaced with a vivid sense of abstract beauty ,page #chb3 ,keat's replaced with ,keats' ,page #chd3 ,o,ethra replaced with ,a,ethra ,page #che3 ,longsor replaced with ,lougsor ,page #chf3 #ahhf4 99,the ,daphnephoria4 replaced with #ahgf4 99,the ,daphnephoria4 ,page #chf3 ,oeolians replaced with ,aeolians ,page #chg3 #ahhi4 ,catarina4 replaced with #ahgi4 ,catarina4 ,page #chi3 ,hichins replaced with ,hichens ,page #cia3 ,mont replaced with ,moute ,page #cif3 ',garcia1 ,senor' replaced with ',garcia1 ,senor' ,page #djb3 ,phylae replaced with ,phylae ,note that the date ,friday1 #bhth on page #adg is out of order4 ,by checking the dates it clearly should be the #bcrd1 which is confirmed with the date ,wednesday1 #bhth on page #aec4 ,this has been corrected to ,friday1 #bcrd in the text4 ,friday ,evening on page #aeb has been corrected to ,tuesday ,evening by the same logic4 ,words that are not errors3 ,page #i3 distrest4 ,page #bg3 subtile4 ,page #ca3 scumble4 ,page #cb3 subtilty4 ,page #dg3 the phrase 'tol-lol6' is #aith century slang for pretty good4 ,page #aih3 tres4 ,page #bcf3 euphuism4 ,page #cbj3 fribbled4 ,page #cdg3 shapliness4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- 99 99 99 99 99