,,essays ,,( ,,mi*el ,,de ,,montaigne   
,translat$ by ,*>les ,cotton  ,edit$ by 
,william ,c>ew ,hazilitt  #ahgg         
,,cont5ts ,,( ,,volume #aj4  ,,vii4     
,( recomp5ses ( hon\r4 ,,viii4     ,( ! 
affection ( fa!rs to _! *ildr54 ,,ix4   
,( ! arms ( ! ,p>?ians4 ,x4        ,(   
books4 ,,xi4       ,( cruelty4          
,,*apt] ,,vii  ,,( ,,recomp5ses ,,(     
,,hon\r  ,!y :o write ! life ( ,augu/us 
,caes>1--,suetonius1 ,life ( ,augu/us1  
c4  #be4--obs]ve ?is 9 8 milit>y        
discipl9e1 t he 0 wond]fully lib]al (   
gifts to m5 ( m]it1 b t z to ! true     
recomp5ses ( hon\r he 0 z sp>+2 yet he  
himself _h be5 gratifi$ by 8 uncle ) all
 ! milit>y recomp5ses be=e he _h ev] be5
 9 ! field4  ,x 0 a pretty inv5tion1 &  
receiv$ into mo/ gov]nm5ts ( ! _w1 to   
in/itute c]ta9 va9 & 9 !mselves         
valueless di/9ctions to hon\r &         
recomp5se virtue1 su* z ! cr[ns (       
laurel1 oak1 & myrtle1 ! p>ticul> fa%ion
 ( "s g>m5t1 ! privilege to ride 9 a    
coa* 9 ! city1 or at night ) a tor*1 "s 

peculi> place assign$ 9 public          
assemblies1 ! pr]ogative ( c]ta9        
additional names & titles1 c]ta9        
di/9ctions 9 ! be>+ ( coats ( arms1 & ! 
l1 ! use ( :i*1 accord+ to ! sev]al     
hum\rs ( nations1 has be5 v>i\sly       
receiv$1 & yet cont9ues4  ,we 9 ,france1
 z also sev]al ( our neighb\rs1 h ord]s 
( knigh?ood t are in/itut$ only = ?is   
end4  ,& 'tis1 9 e>ne/1 a v good &      
pr(itable cu/om to f9d out an           
ackn[l$gm5t = ! wor? ( r>e & excell5t   
m51 & to satisfy !m ) rew>ds t are n at 
all *>geable ei!r to pr9ce or p4  ,& t  
:i* has always be5 f\nd by anci5t       
exp]i5ce1 & :i* we h h]et(ore obs]v$    
among ourselves1 t m5 ( quality h ev]   
be5 m jeal\s ( su* recomp5ses ?an ( ^?  
:]e9 !re 0 ga9 & pr(it1 is n )\t v good 
gr\nd & reason4  ,if ) ! rew>d1 :i*     
ought to be simply a recomp5se ( hon\r1 
!y %\ld mix o!r commodities & add ri*es1
 ?is mixture1 in/ead ( procur+ an       
increase ( e/imation1 w\ld debase &     
abate x4  ,! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 :i*   

has be5 s long 9 repute among/ u1 _h no 
great] commodity ?an t x _h no          
communication ) any o!r commodity1 :i*  
produc$ ?is effect1 t =m]ly !re 0 no    
(fice or title :atev] to :i* ! g5try    
pret5d$ ) s great desire & affection z  
!y did to t2 no quality t c>ri$ ) x m   
respect & gr&eur1 val\r & wor? m will+ly
 embrac+ & ) great] ambition aspir+ to a
 recomp5se purely its own1 & r glori\s  
?an pr(itable4  ,=1 9 tru?1 o!r gifts h 
n s great a dignity ( usage1 by reason  
!y are laid out ^u all sorts (          
occasions2 ) money a man pays ! wages ( 
a s]vant1 ! dilig5ce ( a c\ri]1 danc+1  
vault+1 speak+1 & ! meane/ (fices we    
receive2 nay1 & rew>d vice ) x too1 z   
flatt]y1 trea*]y1 & pimp+2 & !re=e 'tis 
no wond] if virtue less desires & less  
will+ly receives ?is common sort (      
paym5t1 ?an t :i* is prop] & peculi> to 
h]1 ?r\gh\t g5]\s & noble4  ,augu/us _h 
reason to be m sp>+ ( ?is ?an ! o!r1    
insomu* t hon\r is a privilege :i*      
d]ives its pr9cipal ess5ce f r>ity2 & s 

virtue itself3            ,cui malus e/ 
nemo1 quis bonus esse pote/8       ,to  
:om no "o is ill :o c be good8-,m>tial1 
xii4 #hb4  ,we d n int5d x = a          
comm5dation :5 we say t su* a "o is     
c>eful 9 ! education ( 8 *ildr51 by     
reason x is a common act1 h[ j & well   
done soev]2 no m ?an we comm5d a great  
tree1 :]e ! :ole =e/ is ! same4  ,i d n 
?9k t any citiz5 ( ,sp>ta glorifi$      
himself mu* ^u 8 val\r1 x be+ ! univ]sal
 virtue ( ! :ole nation2 & z little ^u 8
 fidelity & contempt ( ri*es4  ,!re is  
no recomp5se becomes virtue1 h[ great   
soev]1 t is once pass$ into a cu/om2 &  
,i "k n )al :e!r we c ev] call x great1 
be+ common4  ,see+1 !n1 t ^!            
remun]ations ( hon\r h no o!r value &   
e/imation b only ?is1 t few p enjoy !m1 
'tis b to be lib]al ( !m to br+ !m d[n  
to no?+4  ,& ?\gh !re %\ld be n[ m m5   
f\nd ?an 9 =m] times wor?y ( our ord]1 !
 e/imation ( x nev]!less %\ld n be      
abat$1 nor ! hon\r made *eap2 & x may   
easily happ5 t m may m]it x2 = !re is no

 virtue t s easily spreads z t ( milit>y
 val\r4  ,!re is ano!r virtue1 true1    
p]fect1 & philosophical1 ( :i* ,i d n   
speak1 & only make use ( ! ^w 9 our     
common acceptation1 mu* great] ?an ?is &
 m full1 :i* is a =ce & assurance ( !   
s\l1 equally despis+ all sorts ( adv]se 
accid5ts1 equable1 uni=m1 & con/ant1 (  
:i* ours is no m ?an "o little ray4     
,use1 education1 example1 & cu/om c d   
all 9 all to ! e/abli%m5t ( t :]e( ,i am
 speak+1 & ) great facility r5d] x      
common1 z by ! exp]i5ce ( our civil w>s 
is manife/ en\gh2 & :oev] c\ld at ?is "t
 unite u all1 ,ca?olic & ,hugu5ot1 into 
"o body1 & set u ^u "s brave common     
ent]prise1 we %\ld aga9 make our anci5t 
milit>y reputation fl\ri%4  ,x is mo/   
c]ta9 t 9 times pa/ ! recomp5se ( ?is   
ord] _h n only a reg>d to val\r1 b _h a 
fur!r prospect2 x nev] 0 ! rew>d ( a    
valiant soldi] b ( a great capta92 !    
sci5ce ( obey+ 0 n reput$ wor?y ( s     
hon\rable a gu]don4  ,!re 0 !re9 a m    
univ]sal milit>y exp]tness requir$1 & t 

compreh5d$ ! mo/ & ! greate/ qualities (
 a milit>y man3            ,neque enim  
ea$em milit>es et imp]atorix artes sunt1
       ,= ! arts ( soldi]y & g5]al%ip   
are n ! same4      --,livy1 xxv4 #ai4  z
 also1 besides1 a condition suitable to 
su* a dignity4  ,b1 ,i say1 ?\gh m m5 7 
wor?y ?an =m]ly1 yet ought x n to be m  
lib]ally di/ribut$1 & x 7 bett] to fall 
%ort 9 n giv+ x at all to :om x %\ld be 
due1 ?an = ev] to lose1 z we h lately   
done1 ! fruit ( s pr(itable an inv5tion4
  ,no man ( _s w deign to advantage     
himself ) :at is 9 common ) _m2 & su* ( 
! pres5t "t z h lea/ m]it$ ?is recomp5se
 !mselves make ! great] %[ ( disda9+ x1 
9 ord] !reby to be rank$ ) ^? to :om s  
mu* wrong has be5 done by ! unwor?y     
conf]r+ & debas+ ! di/9ction :i* 0 _!   
p>ticul> "r4  ,n[1 to expect t 9        
oblit]at+ & aboli%+ ?is1 sudd5ly to     
create & br+ into cr$it a l in/itution1 
is n a prop] attempt = s lic5ti\s & s   
sick a "t z ?is :]e9 we n[ are2 & x w   
fall out t ! la/ w f its bir? incur !   

same inconv5i5ces t h ru9$ !            
o!r4--,montaigne ref]s to ! ,ord] ( !   
,sa9t-,esprit1 in/itut$ by ,h5ry ,,iii4 
9 #aegh4--,! rules = disp5s+ ?is new    
ord] _h ne$ to be extremely clipt & b\nd
 "u great re/rictions1 to give x        
au?ority2 & ?is tumultu\s season is     
incapable ( su* a curb3 besides t1 be=e 
?is c be br\ght into repute1 'tis       
necess>y t ! memory ( ! fir/1 & ( !     
contempt into :i* x is fall51 be buri$ 9
 oblivion4  ,?is place might naturally  
en\gh admit ( "s disc\rse ^u !          
consid]ation ( val\r1 & ! diff]5ce ( ?is
 virtue f o!rs2 b1 ,plut>* hav+ s (t5   
h&l$ ?is subject1 ,i %\ld give myself an
 unnecess>y tr\ble to repeat :at he has 
said4  ,b ?is is wor? consid]+3 t our   
nation places val\r1 vaillance1 9 !     
highe/ degree ( virtue1 z its v ^w      
evid5ces1 be+ d]iv$ f valeur1 & t1      
accord+ to our use1 :5 we say a man (   
high wor? a good man1 9 our c\rt        
/yle--'tis to say a valiant man1 aft] ! 
,roman way2 = ! g5]al appellation (     

virtue ) !m takes etymology f vis1 =ce4 
,! prop]1 sole1 & ess5tial pr(ession (1 
! ,fr5* noblesse is t ( arms3 & 'tis    
likely t ! fir/ virtue t discov]$ itself
 among/ m5 & has giv5 to "s advantage   
ov] o!rs1 0 t by :i* ! /ronge/ & mo/    
valiant h ma/]$ ! weak]1 & acquir$ a    
p>ticul> au?ority & reputation1 :5ce    
came to x t dignifi$ appellation2 or    
else1 t ^! nations1 be+ v w>like1 gave !
 pre-em95ce to t ( ! virtues :i* 0 mo/  
famili> to !m2 j z our passion & !      
fev]i% solicitude we h ( ! *a/ity ( wom5
 occasions t to say1 a good woman1 a    
woman ( wor?1 a woman ( hon\r & virtue1 
signifies m]ely a *a/e woman z if1 to   
oblige !m to t "o duty1 we 7 indiff]5t z
 to all ! re/1 & gave !m ! re9s 9 all   
o!r faults :atev] to comp\nd = t "o (   
incont95ce4     ,,*apt] ,,viii  ,,( ,,! 
,,affection ,,( ,,fa!rs ,,to ,,_!       
,,*ildr5  ,to ,madame ,d',e/issac4      
,,madam1 if ! /rang5ess & novelty ( my  
subject1 :i* are wont to give value to  
?+s1 d n save me1 ,i %all nev] come (f )

 hon\r f ?is fooli% attempt3 b 'tis s   
fanta/ic1 & c>ries a face s unlike !    
common use1 t ?is1 p]adv5ture1 may make 
x pass4  ',tis a melan*olic hum\r1 &    
consequ5tly a hum\r v mu* an enemy to my
 natural complexion1 eng5d]$ by !       
p5siv5ess ( ! solitude into :i* = "s    
ye>s pa/ ,i h retir$ myself1 t fir/ put 
into my head ?is idle fancy ( writ+4    
,:]e91 f9d+ myself totally unprovid$ &  
empty ( o!r matt]1 ,i pres5t$ myself to 
myself = argum5t & subject4  ',tis !    
only book 9 ! _w ( its k9d1 & ( a wild &
 extravagant design4  ,!re is no?+ wor? 
rem>k 9 ?is affair b t extravagancy3 = 9
 a subject s va9 & frivol\s1 ! be/      
workman 9 ! _w c\ld n h giv5 x a =m fit 
to recomm5d x to any mann] ( e/eem4     
,n[1 madam1 hav+ to draw my own picture 
to ! life1 ,i _h omitt$ "o important    
feature1 _h ,i n !re9 repres5t$ ! hon\r 
,i h ev] _h = y & y\r m]its2 :i* ,i h   
purposely *os5 to say 9 ! beg9n+ ( ?is  
*apt]1 by reason t among/ ! _m o!r      
excell5t qualities y are mi/ress (1 t ( 

! t5d] love y h manife/$ to y\r *ildr51 
is seat$ 9 "o ( ! highe/ places4 ,:oev] 
kn[s at :at age ,monsieur ,d',e/issac1  
y\r husb&1 left y a wid[1 ! great &     
hon\rable mat*es t h s9ce be5 (f]$ to y1
 z _m z to any lady ( y\r condition 9   
,france1 ! con/ancy & /ead9ess :]e)1 = s
 _m ye>s1 y h su/a9$ s _m %>p           
difficulties1 ! burd5 & conduct (       
affairs1 :i* h p]secut$ y 9 e corn] ( ! 
k+dom1 & are n yet we>y ( torm5t+ y1 & !
 happy direction y h giv5 to all ^!1 by 
y\r sole prud5ce or good =tune1 w easily
 conclude ) me t we h n s vivid an      
example z y\rs ( mat]nal affection 9 our
 times4 ,i praise ,god1 madam1 t x has  
be5 s well employ$2 = ! great hopes     
,monsieur ,d',e/issac1 y\r son1 gives ( 
himself1 r5d] suffici5t assurance t :5  
he comes ( age y w reap f him all !     
ob$i5ce & gratitude ( a v good man4  ,b1
 =asmu* z by reason ( 8 t5d] ye>s1 he   
has n be5 capable ( tak+ notice ( ^?    
(fices ( extreme/ value he has 9 s great
 numb] receiv$ f y1 ,i w1 if ^! pap]s   

%all "o day happ5 to fall into 8 h&s1 :5
 ,i %all nei!r h m\? nor spee* left to  
deliv] x to him1 t he %all receive f me 
a true acc\nt ( ^? ?+s1 :i* %all be m   
effectually manife/$ to him by _! own   
effects1 by :i* he w und]/& t !re is n a
 g5tleman 9 ,france :o /&s m indebt$ to 
a "m's c>e2 & t he _c1 9 ! future1 give 
a bett] nor m c]ta9 te/imony ( 8 own    
wor? & virtue ?an by ackn[l$g+ y = t    
excell5t "m y are4  ,if !re be any law  
truly natural1 t is to say1 any in/9ct t
 is se5 univ]sally & p]petually impr9t$ 
9 bo? bea/s & m5 7:i* is n )\t          
controv]sy71 ,i c say1 t 9 my op9ion1   
next to ! c>e e animal has ( its own    
pres]vation1 & to avoid t :i* may hurt  
him1 ! affection t ! begett] be>s to 8  
(fspr+ holds ! second place 9 ?is rank4 
,& see+ t nature appe>s to h recomm5d$ x
 to u1 hav+ reg>d to ! ext5sion &       
progression ( ! successive pieces ( ?is 
ma*9e ( h]s1 'tis no wond] if1 on !     
contr>y1 t ( *ildr5 t[>ds _! p>5ts is n 
s great4 ,to :i* we may add ?is o!r     

,ari/otelian consid]ation1 t he :o      
conf]s a b5efit on any "o1 loves him    
bett] ?an he is belov$ by him aga93 t he
 to :om is ow+1 loves bett] ?an he :o   
owes2 & t e artific] is fond] ( 8 "w1   
?an1 if t "w _h s5se1 x w\ld be ( him2  
by reason t x is de> to u to be1 & to be
 consi/s 9 movem5t & action2 !re=e e "o 
has 9 "s sort a be+ 9 8 "w4  ,he :o     
conf]s a b5efit ex]cises a f9e & hone/  
action2 he :o receives x ex]cises !     
useful only4  ,n[ ! useful is mu* less  
lovable ?an ! hone/2 ! hone/ is /able & 
p]man5t1 supply+ him :o has done x ) a  
cont9ual gratification4  ,! useful loses
 itself1 easily slides away1 & ! memory 
( x is nei!r s fre% nor s pleas+4  ,^?  
?+s are de>e/ to u t h co/ u mo/1 & giv+
 is m *>geable ?an receiv+4  ,s9ce x has
 pleas$ ,god to endue u ) "s capacity ( 
reason1 to ! end we may n1 l brutes1 be 
s]vilely subject & enslav$ to ! laws    
common to bo?1 b t we %\ld by judgm5t & 
a volunt>y lib]ty apply ourselves to !m1
 we ought1 inde$1 some?+ to yield to !  

simple au?ority ( nature1 b n suff]     
ourselves to be tyrannically hurri$ away
 & transport$ by h]2 reason alone %\ld h
 ! conduct ( our incl9ations4  ,i1 = my 
"p1 h a /range disgu/ = ^? prop5sions t 
are />t$ 9 u )\t ! m$iation & direction 
( ! judgm5t1 z1 ^u ! subject ,i am      
speak+ (1 ,i _c ent]ta9 t passion ( d&l+
 & c>ess+ infants sc>cely born1 hav+ z  
yet nei!r motion ( s\l nor %ape ( body  
di/+ui%able1 by :i* !y c r5d] !mselves  
amiable1 & h n will+ly suff]$ !m to be  
nurs$ ne> me4  ,a true & regul>         
affection ought to spr+ & increase ) ! k
 !y give u ( !mselves1 & !n1 if !y are  
wor?y ( x1 ! natural prop5sion walk+ h& 
9 h& ) reason1 to *]i% !m ) a truly     
pat]nal love2 & s to judge1 also1 if !y 
be o!rwise1 /ill r5d]+ ourselves to     
reason1 not)/&+ ! incl9ation ( nature4  
',tis (t-times q o!rwise2 &1 mo/        
commonly1 we f9d ourselves m tak5 ) !   
runn+ up & d[n1 ! games1 & pu]ile       
simplicities ( our *ildr51 ?an we d1    
aft]w>ds1 ) _! mo/ complete actions2 z  

if we _h lov$ !m = our sport1 l monkeys1
 & n z m52 & "s !re are1 :o are v lib]al
 9 buy+ !m balls to play )al1 :o are v  
close-h&$ = ! lea/ necess>y exp5se :5 !y
 come to age4  ,nay1 x looks z if !     
jeal\sy ( see+ !m appe> 9 & enjoy ! _w  
:5 we are ab\t to leave x1 r5d]$ u m    
nigg>dly & /+y t[>ds !m2 x vexes u t !y 
tread ^u our heels1 z if to solicit u to
 g out2 if ?is 7 to be fe>$1 s9ce ! ord]
 ( ?+s w h x s t !y _c1 to speak ! tru?1
 be nor live1 b at ! exp5se ( our be+ & 
life1 we %\ld nev] m$dle ) be+ fa!rs at 
all4  ,= my "p1 ,i ?9k x cruelty &      
inju/ice n to receive !m into ! %>e &   
society ( our goods1 & n to make !m     
p>tak]s 9 ! intellig5ce ( our dome/ic   
affairs :5 !y are capable1 & n to less5 
& contract our own exp5ses to make ! m  
room = !irs1 see+ we beget !m to t      
effect4  ',tis unju/ t an old fell[1    
brok5 & half dead1 %\ld alone1 9 a corn]
 ( ! *imney1 enjoy ! money t w\ld       
suffice = ! ma9t5ance & advancem5t ( _m 
*ildr51 & suff] !m1 9 ! meantime1 to    

lose _!' be/ ye>s = want ( means to     
advance !mselves 9 ! public s]vice & ! k
 ( m54  ,a man by ?is c\rse drives !m to
 despair1 & to seek out by any means1 h[
 unju/ or di%on\rable soev]1 to provide 
= _! own support3 z ,i h1 9 my "t1 se5  
sev]al "y m5 ( good extraction s addict$
 to /eal+1 t no correction c\ld cure !m 
( x4  ,i "k "o ( a v good family1 to    
:om1 at ! reque/ ( a bro!r ( 81 a v     
hone/ & brave g5tleman1 ,i once spoke on
 ?is acc\nt1 :o made answ]1 & confess$  
to me r\ndly1 t he _h be5 put ^u ?is    
paltry practice by ! sev]ity & av>ice ( 
8 fa!r2 b t he 0 n[ s accu/om$ to x he  
c\ld n leave x (f4  ,&1 at t v "t1 he 0 
trapp$ /eal+ a lady's r+s1 hav+ come    
into h] *amb]1 z %e 0 dress+ ) sev]al   
o!rs4  ,he put me 9 m9d ( a /ory ,i _h  
he>d ( ano!r g5tleman1 s p]fect &       
accompli%$ 9 ?is f9e trade 9 8 y\?1 t1  
aft] he came to 8 e/ate & resolv$ to    
give x ov]1 he c\ld n hold 8 h&s1       
nev]!less1 if he pass$ by a %op :]e he  
saw any?+ he lik$1 f cat*+ x up1 ?\gh x 

put him to ! %ame ( s5d+ aft]w>ds to pay
 = x4  ,& ,i h myself se5 sev]al s      
habituat$ to ?is quality t ev5 among/ _!
 comrades !y c\ld n =be> fil*+1 ?\gh )  
int5t to re/ore :at !y _h tak54  ,i am a
 ,gascon1 & yet !re is no vice ,i s     
little und]/& z t2 ,i hate x some?+ m by
 disposition ?an ,i condemn x by reason2
 ,i d n s mu* z desire any?+ ( ano!r    
man's4  ,?is prov9ce ( ours is1 9 pla9  
tru?1 a little m decri$ ?an ! o!r p>ts (
 ! k+dom2 & yet we h sev]al times se51 9
 our times1 m5 ( good families ( o!r    
prov9ces1 9 ! h&s ( ju/ice1 convict$ (  
abom9able !fts4  ,i fe> ?is vice is1 9  
"s sort1 to be attribut$ to ! =e-m5tion$
 vice ( ! fa!rs4  ,& if a man %\ld tell 
me1 z a "l ( v good und]/&+ once did1 t 
he ho>d$ up weal?1 n to extract any o!r 
fruit & use f 8 p>simony1 b to make     
himself hon\r$ & s\ght aft] by 8        
relations2 & t age hav+ depriv$ him (   
all o!r p[]1 x 0 ! only rema9+ rem$y to 
ma9ta9 8 au?ority 9 8 family1 & to keep 
him f be+ neglect$ & despis$ by all     

ar\nd1 9 tru?1 n only old age1 b all o!r
 imbecility1 accord+ to ,ari/otle1 is ! 
promot] ( av>ice2 t is some?+1 b x is   
physic = a disease t a man %\ld prev5t !
 bir? (4  ,a fa!r is v mis]able :o has  
no o!r hold on 8 *ildr5's affection ?an 
! ne$ !y h ( 8 assi/ance1 if t c be     
call$ affection2 he mu/ r5d] himself    
wor?y to be respect$ by 8 virtue &      
wisdom1 & belov$ by 8 k9dness & !       
sweetness ( 8 mann]s2 ev5 ! v a%es ( a  
ri* matt] h _! value2 & we are wont to h
 ! bones & relics ( wor?y m5 9 reg>d &  
rev]5ce4  ,no old age c be s decrepid 9 
a man :o has pass$ 8 life 9 hon\r1 b x  
mu/ be v5]able1 especially to 8 *ildr51 
^: s\l he mu/ h tra9$ up to _! duty by  
reason1 n by necessity & ! ne$ !y h (   
him1 nor by h>%ness & compulsion3       
,et errat longe mea quidem s5t5tia      
,qui imp]ium cr$at esse gravius1 aut    
/abilius1           ,vi quod fit1 quam  
illud1 quod amicitia adjungitur4        
,he w&]s f> f ! tru?1 9 my op9ion1 :o   
?9ks t      gov]nm5t m absolute &       

durable :i* is acquir$ by =ce ?an      t
 :i* is atta*$ to fri5d%ip4--,t]5ce1    
,adelph41 i4 ,i1 #dj4  ,i condemn all   
viol5ce 9 ! education ( a t5d] s\l t is 
design$ = hon\r & lib]ty4  ,!re is ,i "k
 n :at ( s]vile 9 rig\r & con/ra9t2 & ,i
 am ( op9ion t :at is n to be done by   
reason1 prud5ce1 & address1 is nev] to  
be affect$ by =ce4  ,i myself 0 br\ght  
up aft] t mann]2 & !y tell me t 9 all my
 fir/ age ,i nev] felt ! rod b twice1 & 
!n v slightly4  ,i practis$ ! same me?od
 ) my *ildr51 :o all ( !m di$ at nurse1 
except ,leonora1 my only daught]1 & :o  
arriv$ to ! age ( five ye>s & upw>d )\t 
o!r correction = h] *ildi% faults 7h]   
"m's indulg5ce easily concurr+7 ?an     
words only1 & ^? v g5tle2 9 :i* k9d (   
proce$+1 ?\gh my end & expectation %\ld 
be bo? fru/rat$1 !re are o!r causes     
en\gh to lay ! fault on )\t blam+ my    
discipl9e1 :i* ,i "k to be natural & j1 
& ,i %\ld1 9 ?is1 h yet be5 m religi\s  
t[>ds ! males1 z less born to subjection
 & m free2 & ,i %\ld h made x my bus9ess

 to fill _! he>ts ) +5u\sness & fre$om4 
,i h nev] obs]v$ o!r effects ( :ipp+ ?an
 to r5d] boys m c[>dly1 or m wilfully   
ob/9ate4  ,d we desire to be belov$ (   
our *ildr58  ,w we remove f !m all      
occasion ( wi%+ our dea? ?\gh no        
occasion ( s horrid a wi% c ei!r be j or
 excusable8                      ,nullum
 scelus rationem habet4                 
,no wick$ness has reason4--,livy1       
xxviii4 #bh  ,let u reasonably          
accommodate _! lives ) :at is 9 our p[]4
  ,9 ord] to ?is1 we %\ld n m>ry s "y t 
our age %all 9 a mann] be conf\nd$ )    
!irs2 = ?is inconv5i5ce plunges u into  
_m v great difficulties1 & especially ! 
g5try ( ! nation1 :o are ( a condition  
:]e9 !y h little to d1 & :o live ^u _!  
r5ts only3 = else:]e1 ) p :o live by _! 
lab\r1 ! plurality & company ( *ildr5 is
 an increase to ! common /ock2 !y are s 
_m new tools & in/rum5ts :]e) to gr[    
ri*4  ,i m>ri$ at ?ree-&-?irty ye>s (   
age1 & concur 9 ! op9ion ( ?irty-five1  
:i* is said to be t ( ,ari/otle4        

,plato w h nobody m>ry be=e ?irty2 b he 
has reason to laugh at ^? :o und]took ! 
"w ( m>riage aft] five-&-fifty1 &       
condemns _! (fspr+ z unwor?y ( alim5t & 
life4  ,?ales gave ! true/ limits1 :o1  
"y & be+ importun$ by 8 "m to m>ry1     
answ]$1 ,t x 0 too soon1 &1 be+ gr[n    
into ye>s & urg$ aga91 ,t x 0 too late4 
,a man mu/ d5y opportunity to e         
inopportune action4  ,! anci5t ,gauls'  
look$ ^u x z a v horrid ?+ = a man to h 
society ) a woman be=e he 0 tw5ty ye>s (
 age1 & /rictly recomm5d$ to ! m5 :o    
design$ !mselves = w> ! keep+ _!        
virg9ity till well gr[n 9 ye>s1 =asmu* z
 c\rage is abat$ & div]t$ by int]c\rse )
 wom53                ,ma1 or congiunto 
a giov9etta sposa1                ,e    
lieto omai de' figli1 era invilito      
,negli affetti di padre et di m>ito4    
,n[1 m>ri$ to a "y wife & happy 9       
*ildr51 he 0      demoralis$ by 8 love z
 fa!r & husb&4      --,tasso1 ,gi]us41  
x4 #ci4  ,muley ,hassam1 k+ ( ,tunis1 he
 :om ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v4 re/or$ to 8   

k+dom1 reproa*$ ! memory ( 8 fa!r       
,mahomet ) ! frequ5tation ( wom51 /yl+  
him loose1 effem9ate1 & a gett] (       
*ildr54--,( :om he _h ?irty-f\r4--,!    
,greek hi/ory obs]ves ( ,iccus !        
,t>5t9e1 ( ,*ryso1 ,a/yllus1 ,diopompos1
 & o!rs1 t to keep _! bodies 9 ord] = ! 
,olympic games & su* l ex]cises1 !y d5i$
 !mselves dur+ t prep>ation all comm]ce 
) ,v5us4 ,9 a c]ta9 c\ntry ( ! ,spani%  
,indies m5 7 n p]mitt$ to m>ry till aft]
 =ty age1 & yet ! girls 7 all[$ at t54  
',tis n "t = a g5tleman ( ?irty ye>s old
 to give place to 8 son :o is tw5ty2 he 
is himself 9 a condition to s]ve bo? 9 !
 exp$itions ( w> & 9 ! c\rt ( 8 pr9ce2  
has ne$ ( all 8 appurt5ances2 & yet1    
d\btless1 he ought to surr5d] a %>e1 b n
 s great an "o z to =get himself = o!rs2
 & = su* an "o ! answ] t fa!rs h        
ord9>ily 9 _! m\?s1 ,i w n put (f my    
clo!s1 be=e ,i g to b$1 s]ves well4  ,b 
a fa!r worn out ) age & infirmities1 &  
depriv$ by weakness & want ( heal? ( !  
common society ( m51 wrongs himself & 8 

to amass a great heap ( treasure4  ,he  
has liv$ long en\gh1 if he be wise1 to h
 a m9d to /rip himself to g to b$1 n to 
8 v %irt1 ,i confess1 b to t & a good1  
w>m dress+-g[n2 ! rema9+ pomps1 ( :i* he
 has no fur!r use1 he ought volunt>ily  
to surr5d] to ^?1 to :om by ! ord] (    
nature !y belong4  ',tis reason he %\ld 
ref] ! use ( ^? ?+s to !m1 see+ t nature
 has r$uc$ him to su* a /ate t he _c    
enjoy !m himself2 o!rwise !re is        
d\btless malice & envy 9 ! case4  ,!    
greate/ act ( ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v4 0 t  
:51 9 imitation ( "s ( ! anci5ts ( 8 own
 quality1 confess+ x b reason to /rip   
ourselves :5 our clo!s encumb] & gr[ too
 heavy = u1 & to lie d[n :5 our legs    
beg9 to fail u1 he resign$ 8            
possessions1 gr&eur1 & p[] to 8 son1 :5 
he f\nd himself fail+ 9 vig\r1 &        
/ead9ess = ! conduct ( 8 affairs        
suitable ) ! glory he _h !re9 acquir$3  
,solve s5esc5tem mature sanus equum1 ne 
,peccet ad extremum rid5dus1 et ilia    
ducat4       ,dismiss ! old horse 9 good

 "t1 le/1 fail+ 9 ! li/s1      !        
spectators laugh4--,horace1 ,epi/41 i41 
,i1 #h4  ,?is fault ( n p]ceiv+ betimes 
& ( n be+ s5sible ( ! feebl5ess &       
extreme alt]ation t age naturally br+s  
bo? ^u body & m9d1 :i*1 9 my op9ion1 is 
equal1 if inde$ ! s\l has n m ?an half1 
has lo/ ! reputation ( mo/ ( ! great m5 
9 ! _w4  ,i h kn[n 9 my "t1 & be5       
intimately acqua9t$ ) p]sons ( great    
au?ority1 :om "o might easily disc]n    
m>vell\sly laps$ f ! suffici5cy ,i knew 
!y 7 once endu$ )1 by ! reputation !y _h
 acquir$ 9 _! =m] ye>s1 :om ,i c\ld     
he>tily1 = _! own sakes1 h wi%$ at home 
at _! ease1 dis*>g$ ( _! public or      
milit>y employm5ts1 :i* 7 n[ gr[n too   
heavy = _! %\ld]s4  ,i h =m]ly be5 v    
famili> 9 a g5tleman's h\se1 a wid[] & v
 old1 ?\gh heal?y & *e]ful en\gh3 ?is   
g5tleman _h sev]al daught]s to m>ry & a 
son already ( ripe age1 :i* br\ght ^u   
him _m visitors1 & a great exp5se1 nei!r
 ( :i* well pleas$ him1 n only out (    
consid]ation ( frugality1 b yet m =     

hav+1 by reason ( 8 age1 ent]$ into a   
c\rse ( life f> diff]+ f ours4  ,i told 
him "o day a little boldly1 z ,i us$ to 
d1 t he w\ld d bett] to give u y\ng]    
folk room1 & to leave 8 pr9cipal h\se 7=
 he _h b t well plac$ & furni%$7 to 8   
son1 & himself retire to an e/ate he _h 
h>d by1 :]e nobody w\ld tr\ble 8 repose1
 see+ he c\ld n o!rwise avoid be+       
importun$ by u1 ! condition ( 8 *ildr5  
consid]$4 ,he took my advice aft]w>ds1 &
 f\nd an advantage 9 s do+4  ,i d n mean
 t a man %\ld s in/al !m z n to res]ve  
to himself a lib]ty to retract2 ,i1 :o  
am n[ arriv$ to ! age :]e9 su* ?+s are  
fit to be done1 w\ld resign to !m !     
enjoym5t ( my h\se & goods1 b ) a p[] ( 
revocation if !y %\ld give me cause to  
alt] my m9d2 ,i w\ld leave to !m ! use1 
t be+ no long] conv5i5t = me2 &1 ( !    
g5]al au?ority & p[] ov] all1 w\ld      
res]ve z mu* z--,i ?\ght good to myself2
 hav+ always held t x mu/ ne$s be a     
great satisfaction to an ag$ fa!r       
himself to put 8 *ildr5 into ! way (    

gov]n+ 8 affairs1 & to h p[] dur+ 8 own 
life to control _! behavi\r1 supply+ !m 
) in/ruction & advice f 8 own exp]i5ce1 
& himself to transf] ! anci5t hon\r &   
ord] ( 8 h\se into ! h&s ( ^? :o are to 
succe$ him1 & by t means to satisfy     
himself z to ! hopes he may conceive (  
_! future conduct4  ,& 9 ord] to ?is ,i 
w\ld n avoid _! company2 ,i w\ld obs]ve 
!m ne> at h&1 & p>take1 accord+ to !    
condition ( my age1 ( _! fea/s &        
jollities4 ,if ,i did n live absolutely 
among/ !m1 :i* ,i c\ld n d )\t annoy+ !m
 & _! fri5ds1 by reason ( ! morosity (  
my age & ! re/lessness ( my infirmities1
 & )\t violat+ also ! rules & ord] (    
liv+ ,i %\ld !n h set d[n to myself1 ,i 
w\ld1 at lea/1 live ne> !m 9 "s retir$  
"p ( my h\se1 n ! be/ 9 %[1 b ! mo/     
commodi\s4  ,nor z ,i saw "s ye>s ago1 a
 dean ( ,/4 ,hil>y ( ,poiti]s giv5 up to
 su* a solitude1 t at ! "t ,i came into 
8 *amb] x _h be5 two & tw5ty ye>s t he  
_h n /epp$ "o foot out ( x1 & yet _h all
 8 motions free & easy1 & 0 9 good      

heal?1 sav+ a cold t fell ^u 8 lungs2 he
 w\ld1 h>dly once 9 a week1 suff] any "o
 to come 9 to see him2 he always kept   
himself %ut up 9 8 *amb] alone1 except t
 a s]vant br\ght him1 once a day1 some?+
 to eat1 & did !n b j come 9 & g out    
aga94  ,8 employm5t 0 to walk up & d[n1 
& read "s book1 = he 0 a bit ( a s*ol>2 
b1 z to ! re/1 ob/9ately b5t to die 9   
?is retirem5t1 z he soon aft] did4  ,i  
w\ld endeav\r by pleasant conv]sation to
 create 9 my *ildr5 a w>m & unfeign$    
fri5d%ip & good-w t[>ds me1 :i* 9       
well-desc5d$ natures is n h>d to d2 = if
 !y be furi\s brutes1 ( :i* ?is age (   
ours produces ?\s&s1 we are !n to hate &
 avoid !m z su*4  ,i am angry at ! cu/om
 ( =bidd+ *ildr5 to call _! fa!r by ! "n
 ( fa!r1 & to enjo9 !m ano!r1 z m full (
 respect & rev]5ce1 z if nature _h n    
suffici5tly provid$ = our au?ority4  ,we
 call ,almighty ,god ,fa!r1 & disda9 to 
h our *ildr5 call u s2 ,i h re=m$ ?is   
error 9 my family4--,z did ,h5ry ,,iv4 (
 ,france--,& 'tis also folly & inju/ice 

to deprive *ildr51 :5 gr[n up1 (        
famili>ity ) _! fa!r1 & to c>ry a       
scornful & au/]e c\nt5ance t[>d !m1 ?9k+
 by t to keep !m 9 awe & ob$i5ce2 = x is
 a v idle f>ce t1 in/ead ( produc+ !    
effect design$1 r5d]s fa!rs di/a/eful1  
&1 :i* is worse1 ridicul\s to _! own    
*ildr54  ,!y h y\? & vig\r 9 possession1
 & consequ5tly ! brea? & fav\r ( ! _w2 &
 !re=e receive ^! fi]ce & tyrannical    
looks--m]e sc>ecr[s-- ( a man )\t blood1
 ei!r 9 8 he>t or ve9s1 ) mock]y &      
contempt4  ,?\gh ,i c\ld make myself    
fe>$1 ,i _h yet mu* r make myself       
belov$3 !re are s _m sorts ( defects 9  
old age1 s mu* imbecility1 & x is s     
liable to contempt1 t ! be/ acquisition 
a man c make is ! k9dness & affection ( 
8 own family2 comm& & fe> are no long] 8
 weapons4  ,su* an "o ,i h kn[n :o1 hav+
 be5 v imp]i\s 9 8 y\?1 :5 he came to be
 old1 ?\gh he might h liv$ at 8 full    
ease1 w\ld ev] /rike1 rant1 swe>1 &     
curse3 ! mo/ viol5t h\sehold] 9 ,france3
 frett+ himself ) unnecess>y suspicion &

 vigilance4  ,& all ?is rumble & clutt] 
b to make 8 family *eat him ! m2 ( 8    
b>n1 8 kit*51 cell>1 nay1 & 8 v purse   
too1 o!rs _h ! greate/ use & %>e1 :il/  
he keeps 8 keys 9 8 pocket mu* m        
c>efully ?an 8 eyes4  ,:il/ he hugs     
himself ) ! pitiful frugality ( a nigg>d
 table1 ev]y?+ goes to rack & ru9 9 e   
corn] ( 8 h\se1 9 play1 dr9k1 all sorts 
( pr(usion1 mak+ sport 9 _! junkets ) 8 
va9 ang] & fruitless p>simony4  ,e "o is
 a s5t9el aga9/ him1 & if1 by accid5t1  
any wret*$ fell[ t s]ves him is ( ano!r 
hum\r1 & w n jo9 ) ! re/1 he is pres5tly
 r5d]$ suspect$ to him1 a bait t old age
 v easily bites at ( itself4  ,h[ (t5   
has ?is g5tleman boa/$ to me 9 h[ great 
awe he kept 8 family1 & h[ exact an     
ob$i5ce & rev]5ce !y paid him6  ,h[     
cle>ly he saw into 8 own affairs6       
,ille solos nescit omnia4            ,he
 alone is ignorant ( all t is pass+4    
--,t]5ce1 ,adelph41 iv4  #b1 #i4  ,i d n
 "k any "o t c mu/] m p>ts1 bo? natural 
& acquir$1 prop] to ma9ta9 dom9ion1 ?an 

he2 yet he is fall5 f x l a *ild4  ,=   
?is reason x is t ,i h pick$ out him1   
among/ sev]al o!rs t ,i "k ( ! same     
hum\r1 = ! greate/ example4 ,x 7 matt] =
 a "q 9 ! s*ools1 :e!r he is bett] ?us  
or o!rwise4  ,9 8 pres5ce1 all submit to
 & b[ to him1 & give s mu* way to 8     
vanity t nobody ev] resi/s him2 he has 8
 fill ( ass5ts1 ( seem+ fe>1 submission1
 & respect4  ,does he turn away a       
s]vant8 he packs up 8 bundle1 & is gone2
 b 'tis no fur!r ?an j out ( 8 sight3 ! 
/eps ( old age are s sl[1 ! s5ses s     
tr\bl$1 t he w live & d 8 old (fice 9 ! 
same h\se a ye> toge!r )\t be+ p]ceiv$4 
,& aft] a fit int]val ( "t1 lett]s are  
pret5d$ to come f a great way (f2 v     
humble1 suppliant2 & full ( promises (  
am5dm5t1 by virtue ( :i* he is aga9     
receiv$ into fav\r4  ,does ,monsieur    
make any b>ga91 or prep>e any despat* t 
does n please8 'tis suppress$1 & causes 
aft]w>ds =g$ to excuse ! want (         
execution 9 ! "o or answ] 9 ! o!r4  ,no 
lett]s be+ fir/ br\ght to him1 he nev]  

sees any b ^? t %all seem fit = 8 k4 ,if
 by accid5t !y fall fir/ into 8 own h&1 
be+ us$ to tru/ somebody to read !m to  
him2 he reads extempore :at he ?9ks fit1
 & (t5 makes su* a "o ask him p>don :o  
abuses & rails at him 9 8 lett]4  ,9    
%ort1 he sees no?+1 b by an image prep>$
 & design$ be=eh& & ! mo/ satisfactory  
!y c inv5t1 n to r\se & awak5 8 ill     
hum\r & *ol]4  ,i h se51 "u v>i\s       
aspects1 en\gh ( ^! modes ( dome/ic     
gov]nm5t1 long-endur+1 con/ant1 to ! l  
effect4  ,wom5  are ev]more addict$ to  
cross _! husb&s3 !y lay hold ) bo? h&s  
on all occasions to contradict & oppose 
!m2 ! fir/ excuse s]ves = a pl5>y       
ju/ification4  ,i h se5 "o :o robb$ h]  
husb& :olesale1 t1 z %e told h]         
confessor1 %e might di/ribute ! m lib]al
 alms4  ,let :o w tru/ to t religi\s    
disp5sation4  ,no managem5t ( affairs   
seems to !m ( suffici5t dignity1 if     
proce$+ f ! husb&'s ass5t2 !y mu/ usurp 
x ei!r by insol5ce or cunn+1 & always   
injuri\sly1 or else x has n ! grace &   

au?ority !y desire4  ,:51 z 9 ! case ,i 
am speak+ (1 'tis aga9/ a poor old man &
 = ! *ildr51 !n !y make use ( ?is title 
to s]ve _! passion ) glory2 &1 z = a    
common s]vice1 easily cabal1 & comb9e   
aga9/ 8 gov]nm5t & dom9ion4  ,if !y be  
males gr[n up 9 full & fl\ri%+ heal?1 !y
 pres5tly corrupt1 ei!r by =ce or fav\r1
 /ew>d1 receiv]s1 & all ! r\t4  ,su* z h
 nei!r wife nor son d n s easily fall   
into ?is mis=tune2 b )al m cruelly &    
unwor?ily4  ,cato ! eld] 9 8 "t said3 ,s
 _m s]vants1 s _m enemies2 consid]1 !n1 
:e!r accord+ to ! va/ diff]5ce betwe5 ! 
purity ( ! age he liv$ 9 & ! corruption 
( ?is ( ours1 he does n seem to %ew u t 
wife1 son1 & s]vant1 are s _m enemies to
 u8  ',tis well = old age t x is always 
accompani$ by want ( obs]vation1        
ignorance1 & a pron5ess to be+ deceiv$4 
,= %\ld we see h[ we are us$ & w\ld n   
acquiesce1 :at w\ld become ( u8         
especially 9 su* an age z ?is1 :]e ! v  
judges :o are to det]m9e our            
controv]sies are usually p>tisans to !  

"y1 & int]e/$ 9 ! cause4 ,9 case !      
discov]y ( ?is *eat+ escape me1 ,i _c at
 lea/ fail to disc]n t ,i am v fit to be
 *eat$4  ,& c a man ev] en\gh exalt !   
value ( a fri5d1 9 comp>ison ) ^! civil 
ties8  ,! v image ( x :i* ,i see 9      
bea/s1 s pure & uncorrupt$1 h[          
religi\sly d ,i respect x6  ,if o!rs    
deceive me1 yet d ,i n1 at lea/1 deceive
 myself 9 ?9k+ ,i am able to def5d      
myself f !m1 or 9 cudgell+ my bra9s to  
make myself s4  ,i protect myself f su* 
treasons 9 my own bosom1 n by an unquiet
 & tumultu\s curiosity1 b r by div]sion 
& resolution4  ,:5 ,i he> talk ( any    
"o's condition1 ,i nev] tr\ble myself to
 ?9k ( him2 ,i pres5tly turn my eyes ^u 
myself to see 9 :at condition ,i am2    
:atev] conc]ns ano!r relates to me2 !   
accid5t t has befall5 him gives me      
caution1 & r\ses me to turn my def5ce t 
way4  ,we e day & e h\r say ?+s ( ano!r 
t we might prop]ly say ( ourselves1 c\ld
 we b apply our obs]vation to our own   
conc]ns1 z well z ext5d x to o!rs4  ,&  

sev]al au?ors h 9 ?is mann] prejudic$ _!
 own cause by runn+ headlong ^u ^? !y   
attack1 & d>t+ ^? %afts aga9/ _!        
enemies1 t are m prop]ly1 & ) great]    
advantage1 to be turn$ ^u !mselves4  ,! 
late ,m>es*al de ,montluc hav+ lo/ 8    
son1 :o di$ 9 ! isl& ( ,madeira1 9 tru? 
a v wor?y g5tleman & ( great            
expectation1 did to me1 among/ 8 o!r    
regrets1 v mu* insi/ ^u :at a sorr[ &   
he>t-break+ x 0 t he _h nev] made       
himself famili> ) him2 & by t hum\r (   
pat]nal gravity & grimace to h lo/ !    
opportunity ( hav+ an insight into & (  
well kn[+1 8 son1 z also ( lett+ him "k 
! extreme affection he _h = him1 & !    
wor?y op9ion he _h ( 8 virtue4  ,t poor 
boy1 said he1 nev] saw 9 me o!r ?an a   
/]n & disda9ful c\nt5ance1 & is gone 9 a
 belief t ,i nei!r knew h[ to love him  
nor e/eem him accord+ to 8 des]t4  ,=   
:om did ,i res]ve ! discov]y ( t s+ul>  
affection ,i _h = him 9 my s\l8  ,0 x n 
he himself1 :o ought to h _h all !      
pleasure ( x1 & all ! obligation8  ,i   

con/ra9$ & rack$ myself to put on1 &    
ma9ta9 ?is va9 disguise1 & h by t means 
depriv$ myself ( ! pleasure ( 8         
conv]sation1 &1 ,i d\bt1 9 "s measure1 8
 affection1 :i* c\ld n b be v cold to   
me1 hav+ nev] o!r f me ?an au/]ity1 nor 
felt o!r ?an a tyrannical mann] (       
proce$+4       ,madame de ,sevigne tells
 u t %e nev] read ?is passage )\t       
te>s 9 h] eyes4  ,my ,god6 %e exclaims1 
h[ full is ?is book      ( good s5se6   
,ed4  ,i f9d ?is compla9t to be rational
 & rightly appreh5d$3 =1 z ,i myself "k 
by too c]ta9 exp]i5ce1 !re is no s sweet
 consolation 9 ! loss ( fri5ds z !      
consci5ce ( hav+ _h no res]ve or secret 
= !m1 & to h _h ) !m a p]fect & entire  
communication4  ,oh my fri5d1--,la      
,boetie4 am ,i ! bett] = be+ s5sible (  
?is2 or am ,i ! worse8  ,i am1 d\btless1
 mu* ! bett]4 ,i am consol$ & hon\r$1 9 
! sorr[ = 8 dea?4  ,is x n a pi\s & a   
pleas+ (fice ( my life to be always ^u  
my fri5d's obsequies8  ,c !re be any joy
 equal to ?is privation8  ,i op5 myself 

to my family1 z mu* z ,i c1 & v will+ly 
let !m "k ! /ate ( my op9ion & good w   
t[>ds !m1 z ,i d to ev]ybody else3 ,i   
make ha/e to br+ out & pres5t myself to 
!m2 = ,i w n h !m mi/ak5 9 me1 9 any?+4 
,among/ o!r p>ticul> cu/oms ( our anci5t
 ,gauls1 ?is1 z ,caes> reports1--,de    
,bello ,gall41 vi4  r#h4--0 "o1 t ! sons
 nev] pres5t$ !mselves be=e _! fa!rs1   
nor dur/ ev] appe> 9 _! company 9       
public1 till !y began to be> arms2 z if 
!y w\ld intimate by ?is1 t x 0 also "t =
 _! fa!rs to receive !m into _!         
famili>ity & acqua9tance4  ,i h obs]v$  
yet ano!r sort ( indiscretion 9 fa!rs ( 
my "t1 t1 n cont5t$ ) hav+ depriv$ _!   
*ildr51 dur+ _! own long lives1 ( ! %>e 
!y naturally ought to h _h 9 _! =tunes1 
!y aft]w>ds leave to _! wives ! same    
au?ority ov] _! e/ates1 & lib]ty to     
dispose ( !m accord+ to _! own fancy4   
,& ,i h kn[n a c]ta9 "l1 "o ( ! pr9cipal
 (fic]s ( ! cr[n1 :o1 hav+ 9 rev]sion   
above fifty ?\s& cr[ns ye>ly rev5ue1 di$
 necessit\s & ov]:elm$ ) debt at above  

fifty ye>s ( age2 8 "m 9 h] extreme/    
decrepitude be+ yet 9 possession ( all 8
 prop]ty by ! w ( 8 fa!r1 :o _h1 = 8 "p1
 liv$ till ne> f\rscore ye>s old4  ,?is 
appe>s to me by no means reasonable4  ,&
 !re=e ,i ?9k x ( v little advantage to 
a man1 ^: affairs are well en\gh1 to    
seek a wife :o encumb]s 8 e/ate ) a v   
great =tune2 !re is no sort ( =eign debt
 t br+s m ru9 to families ?an ?is3 my   
pr$ecessors h ev] be5 aw>e ( t dang] &  
provid$ aga9/ x1 & s h ,i4  ,b ^? :o    
dissuade u f ri* wives1 = fe> !y %\ld be
 less tractable & k9d1 are out 9 _!     
advice to make a man lose a real        
commodity = s frivol\s a conjecture4  ,x
 co/s an unreasonable woman no m to pass
 ov] "o reason ?an ano!r2 !y *]i%       
!mselves mo/ :]e !y are mo/ wrong4      
,inju/ice allures !m1 z ! hon\r ( _!    
virtu\s actions does ! good2 & ! m ri*es
 !y br+ ) !m1 !y are s mu* ! m          
good-natur$1 z wom51 :o are h&some1 are 
all ! m incl9$ & pr\d to be *a/e4  ',tis
 reasonable to leave ! adm9i/ration (   

affairs to ! mo!rs1 till ! *ildr5 are   
old en\gh1 accord+ to law1 to manage !m2
 b ! fa!r has br\ght !m1 up v ill1 if he
 _c hope t1 :5 !y come to maturity1 !y w
 h m wisdom & ability 9 ! managem5t (   
affairs ?an 8 wife1 consid]+ ! ord9>y   
weakness ( ! sex4  ,x 71 not)/&+1 to say
 ! tru?1 m aga9/ nature to make ! mo!rs 
dep5d ^u ! discretion ( _! *ildr52 !y   
ought to be pl5tifully provid$ =1 to    
ma9ta9 !mselves accord+ to _! quality & 
age1 by reason t necessity & indig5ce   
are mu* m unbecom+ & insupportable to !m
 ?an to m52 ! son %\ld r be cut %ort ?an
 ! "m4  ,9 g5]al1 ! mo/ judici\s        
di/ribution ( our goods1 :5 we come to  
die1 is1 9 my op9ion1 to let !m be      
di/ribut$ accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! c\ntry2
 ! laws h consid]$ ! matt] bett] ?an we 
"k h[ to d1 & 'tis wis] to let !m fail 9
 _! appo9tm5t1 ?an ra%ly to run ! haz>d 
( misc>ry+ 9 ours4  ,nor are ! goods    
prop]ly ours1 s9ce1 by civil            
prescription & )\t u1 !y are all de/9$  
to c]ta9 successors4  ,& al?\gh we h "s 

lib]ty beyond t1 yet ,i ?9k we ought n1 
)\t great & manife/ cause1 to take away 
t f "o :i* 8 =tune has allott$ him1 & to
 :i* ! public equity gives him title2 & 
t x is aga9/ reason to abuse ?is lib]ty1
 9 mak+ x s]ve our own frivol\s &       
private fancies4 ,my de/9y has be5 k9d  
to me 9 n pres5t+ me ) occasions to     
tempt me & div]t my affection f ! common
 & legitimate in/itution4  ,i see _m )  
:om 'tis "t lo/ to employ a long ex]cise
 ( good (fices3 a ^w ill tak5 oblit]ates
 t5 ye>s' m]it2 he is happy :o is 9 a   
position to oil _! goodwill at ?is la/  
passage4  ,! la/ action c>ries x1 n !   
be/ & mo/ frequ5t (fices1 b ! mo/ rec5t 
& pres5t d ! "w4  ,^! are p t play ) _! 
wills z ) apples or rods1 to gratify or 
*a/ise e action ( ^? :o pret5d to an    
int]e/ 9 _! c>e4  ',tis a ?+ ( too great
 weight & consequ5ce to be s tumbl$ &   
toss$ & alt]$ e mom5t1 & :]e9 ! wise    
det]m9e once = all1 hav+ above all ?+s  
reg>d to reason & ! public obs]vance4   
,we lay ^! mascul9e sub/itutions too mu*

 to he>t1 propos+ a ridicul\s et]nity to
 our names4  ,we are1 moreov]1 too      
sup]/iti\s 9 va9 conjectures z to !     
future1 t we d]ive f ! words & actions (
 *ildr54  ,p]adv5ture !y might h done me
 an inju/ice1 9 dispossess+ me ( my "r1 
= hav+ be5 ! mo/ dull & heavy1 ! mo/ sl[
 & unwill+ at my book1 n ( all my bro!rs
 only1 b ( all ! boys 9 ! :ole prov9ce3 
:e!r ab\t le>n+ my lesson1 or ab\t any  
bodily ex]cise4  ',tis a folly to make  
an election out ( ! ord9>y c\rse ^u !   
cr$it ( ^! div9ations :]e9 we are s (t5 
deceiv$4  ,if ! ord9>y rule ( desc5t 7  
to be violat$1 & ! de/9ies correct$ 9 ! 
*oice !y h made ( our heirs1 "o might m 
plausibly d x ^u ! acc\nt ( "s rem>kable
 & enorm\s p]sonal de=mity1 a p]man5t & 
incorrigible defect1 & 9 ! op9ion ( u   
,fr5*1 :o are great admir]s ( beauty1 an
 important prejudice4  ,! pleasant      
dialogue betwixt ,plato's legislator & 8
 citiz5s w be an ornam5t to ?is place1  
,:at1 said !y1 feel+ !mselves ab\t to   
die1 may we n dispose ( our own to :om  

we please8  ,god6  :at cruelty t x %all 
n be lawful = u1 accord+ z we h be5 s]v$
 & att5d$ 9 our sickness1 9 our old age1
 9 our affairs1 to give m or less to ^? 
:om we h f\nd mo/ dilig5t ab\t u1 at our
 own fancy & discretion6  ,to :i* !     
legislator answ]s ?us3  ,my fri5ds1 :o  
are n[1 )\t "q1 v soon to die1 x is h>d 
= y 9 ! condition y are1 ei!r to "k     
y\rselves1 or :at is y\rs1 accord+ to ! 
delphic inscription4  ,i1 :o make !     
laws1 am ( op9ion1 t y nei!r are        
y\rselves y\r own1 nor is t y\rs ( :i* y
 are possess$4  ,bo? y\r goods & y      
belong to y\r families1 z well ^? pa/ z 
^? to come2 b1 fur!r1 bo? y\r family &  
goods mu* m app]ta9 to ! public4        
,:]e=e1 le/ any flatt]] 9 y\r old age or
 9 y\r sickness1 or any passion ( y\r   
own1 %\ld unseasonably prevail ) y to   
make an unju/ w1 ,i %all take c>e to    
prev5t t inconv5i5ce2 b1 hav+ respect   
bo? to ! univ]sal int]e/s ( ! city & t (
 y\r p>ticul> family1 ,i %all e/abli%   
laws1 & make x by good reasons appe>1 t 

private conv5i5ce ought to give place to
 ! common b5efit4  ,g !n *e]fully :]e   
human necessity calls y4  ,x is = me1 :o
 reg>d no m ! "o ?+ ?an ! o!r1 & :o1 z  
mu* z 9 me lies1 am provid5t ( ! public 
int]e/1 to h a c>e z to :at y leave     
beh9d y4  ,to return to my subject3 x   
appe>s to me t wom5 are v r>ely born1 to
 :om ! pr]ogative ov] m51 ! mat]nal &   
natural except$1 is 9 any sort due1     
unless x be = ! puni%m5t ( su*1 z 9 "s  
amor\s fev] h volunt>ily submitt$       
!mselves to !m3 b t 9 no way conc]ns !  
old ones1 ( :om we are n[ speak+4 ,?is  
consid]ation x is :i* has made u s      
will+ly to enact & give =ce to t law1   
:i* 0 nev] yet se5 by any "o1 by :i*    
wom5 are exclud$ ! succession to our    
cr[n3 & !re is h>dly a gov]nm5t 9 ! _w  
:]e x is n plead$1 z x is "h1 by !      
probability ( reason t au?orises x1 ?\gh
 =tune has giv5 x m cr$it 9 "s places   
?an 9 o!rs4  ',tis dang]\s to leave !   
disposal ( our succession to _! judgm5t1
 accord+ to ! *oice !y %all make (      

*ildr51 :i* is (t5 fanta/ic & unju/2 = !
 irregul> appetites & deprav$ ta/es !y h
 dur+ ! "t ( _! be+ ) *ild1 !y h at all 
o!r times 9 ! m9d4  ,we commonly see !m 
fond ( ! mo/ weak1 ricketty1 & de=m$    
*ildr52 or ( ^?1 if !y h su*1 z are /ill
 hang+ at ! brea/4  ,=1 n hav+ suffici5t
 =ce ( reason to *oose & embrace t :i*  
is mo/ wor?y1 !y ! m will+ly suff]      
!mselves to be c>ri$ away1 :]e !        
impressions ( nature are mo/ alone2 l   
animals t "k _! "y no long] ?an !y give 
!m suck4  ,z to ! re/1 x is easy by     
exp]i5ce to be disc]n$ t ?is natural    
affection to :i* we give s great        
au?ority has b v weak roots4  ,= a v    
little pr(it1 we e day te> _! own *ildr5
 out ( ! mo!rs' arms1 & make !m take    
ours 9 _! room3 we make !m ab&on _! own 
to "s pitiful nurse1 to :om we disda9 to
 commit ours1 or to "s %e-goat1 =bidd+  
!m1 n only to give !m suck1 :at dang]   
soev] !y run !reby1 b1 moreov]1 to take 
any mann] ( c>e ( !m1 t !y may :olly be 
occupi$ ) ! c>e ( & att5dance ^u ours2 &

 we see 9 mo/ ( !m an adult]ate         
affection1 m vehem5t ?an ! natural1     
begott5 by cu/om t[>d ! fo/] *ildr51 & a
 great] solicitude = ! pres]vation ( ^? 
!y h tak5 *>ge (1 ?an ( _! own4  ,& t   
:i* ,i 0 say+ ( goats 0 ^u ?is acc\nt2 t
 x is ord9>y all ab\t :]e ,i live1 to   
see ! c\ntrywom51 :5 !y want milk ( _!  
own = _! *ildr51 to call goats to _!    
assi/ance2 & ,i h at ?is h\r two        
m5-s]vants t nev] suck$ wom5's milk m   
?an eight days aft] !y 7 born4 ,^! goats
 are imm$iately taught to come to suckle
 ! little *ildr51 "k _! voices :5 !y    
cry1 & come runn+ to !m4  ,if any o!r   
?an ?is fo/]-*ild be pres5t$ to !m1 !y  
refuse to let x suck2 & ! *ild 9 l mann]
 w refuse to suck ano!r goat4  ,i saw "o
 ! o!r day f :om !y _h tak5 away ! goat 
t us$ to n\ri% x1 by reason ! fa!r _h   
only borr[$ x ( a neighb\r2 ! *ild w\ld 
n t\* any o!r !y c\ld br+1 & di$1       
d\btless ( hung]4  ,bea/s z easily alt] 
& corrupt _! natural affection z we3 ,i 
believe t 9 :at ,h]odotus relates ( a   

c]ta9 di/rict ( ,lybia1 !re are _m      
mi/akes2 he says t ! wom5 are !re 9     
common2 b t ! *ild1 s soon z x c g1 f9ds
 him out 9 ! cr[d = 8 fa!r1 to :om he is
 fir/ l$ by 8 natural incl9ation4  ,n[1 
to consid] ?is simple reason = lov+ our 
*ildr51 t we h begot !m1 !re=e call+ !m 
our second selves1 x appe>s1 me?9ks1 t  
!re is ano!r k9d ( production proce$+ f 
u1 t is ( no less recomm5dation3 = t :i*
 we eng5d] by ! s\l1 ! issue ( our      
und]/&+1 c\rage1 & abilities1 spr+s f   
nobl] p>ts ?an ^? ( ! body1 & t are mu* 
m our own3 we are bo? fa!r & "m 9 ?is   
g5]ation4  ,^! co/ u a great deal m &   
br+ u m hon\r1 if !y h any?+ ( good 9   
!m4  ,= ! value ( our o!r *ildr5 is mu* 
m !irs ?an ours2 ! %>e we h 9 !m is v   
little2 b ( ^! all ! beauty1 all ! grace
 & value1 are ours2 & also !y m vividly 
repres5t u ?an ! o!rs4  ,plato adds1 t  
^! are immortal *ildr5 t immortalise &  
deify _! fa!rs1 z ,lycurgus1 ,solon1    
,m9os4  ,n[1 hi/ories be+ full (        
examples ( ! common affection ( fa!rs to

 _! *ildr51 x seems n altoge!r improp]  
to introduce "s few ( ?is o!r k9d4      
,heliodorus1 t good bi%op ( ,trikka1 r  
*ose to lose ! dignity1 pr(it1 &        
devotion ( s v5]able a prelacy1 ?an to  
lose 8 daught]2 a daught] t cont9ues to 
?is day v graceful & comely2 b1         
p]adv5ture1 a little too curi\sly &     
wantonly trick$1 & too amor\s = an      
ecclesia/ical & sac]dotal daught]4 ,!re 
0 "o ,labi5us at ,rome1 a man ( great   
wor? & au?ority1 & among/ o!r qualities 
excell5t 9 all sorts ( lit]ature1 :o 01 
z ,i take x1 ! son ( t great ,labi5us1 !
 *ief ( ,caes>'s capta9s 9 ! w>s (      
,gaul2 & :o1 aft]w>ds1 sid+ ) ,pompey ! 
great1 s valiantly ma9ta9$ 8 cause1 till
 he 0 by ,caes> defeat$ 9 ,spa94  ,?is  
,labi5us1 ( :om ,i am n[ speak+1 _h     
sev]al enemies1 envi\s ( 8 good         
qualities1 &1 tis likely1 ! c\rti]s &   
m9ions ( ! emp]ors ( 8 "t :o 7 v angry  
at 8 fre$om & ! pat]nal hum\r :i* he yet
 reta9$ aga9/ tyranny1 ) :i* x is to be 
suppos$ he _h t9ctur$ 8 books & writ+s4 

,8 adv]s>ies prosecut$ sev]al pieces he 
_h publi%$ be=e ! magi/rates at ,rome1 &
 prevail$ s f> aga9/ him1 z to h !m     
condemn$ to ! fire4  ,x 0 9 him t ?is   
new example ( puni%m5t 0 begun1 :i* 0   
aft]w>ds cont9u$ aga9/ o!rs at ,rome1 to
 puni% ev5 writ+ & /udies ) dea?4  ,!re 
w\ld n be means & matt] en\gh ( cruelty1
 did we n mix ) !m ?+s t nature has     
exempt$ f all s5se & suff]+1 z          
reputation & ! products ( ! m9d1 & did  
we n communicate corporal puni%m5ts to !
 tea*+s & monum5ts ( ! ,muses4  ,n[1    
,labi5us c\ld n suff] ?is loss1 nor     
survive ^! 8 s de> issue1 & !re=e caus$ 
himself to be convey$ & %ut up alive 9 !
 monum5t ( 8 ance/ors1 :]e he made %ift 
to kill & bury himself at once4  ',tis  
h>d to %ew a m vehem5t pat]nal affection
 ?an ?is4  ,cassius ,sev]us1 a man (    
great eloqu5ce & 8 v intimate fri5d1    
see+ 8 books burn$1 cri$ out t by ! same
 s5t5ce !y %\ld z well condemn him to ! 
fire too1 see+ t he c>ri$ 9 8 memory all
 t !y conta9$4  ,! l accid5t befel      

,cremutius ,cordus1 :o be+ accus$ ( hav+
 9 8 books comm5d$ ,brutus & ,cassius1 t
 dirty1 s]vile1 & corrupt ,s5ate1 wor?y 
a worse ma/] ?an ,tib]ius1 condemn$ 8   
writ+s to ! flame4  ,he 0 will+ to be>  
!m company1 & kill$ himself ) fa/+4  ,! 
good ,lucan1 be+ condemn$ by t rascal   
,n]o1 at ! la/ gasp ( 8 life1 :5 !      
great] "p ( 8 blood 0 already sp5t ?r\gh
 ! ve9s ( 8 arms1 :i* he _h caus$ 8     
physician to op5 to make him die1 & :5 !
 cold _h seiz$ ^u all 8 extremities1 &  
began to approa* 8 vital p>ts1 ! la/ ?+ 
he _h 9 8 memory 0 "s ( ! v]ses ( 8     
,battle ( ,phaysalia1 :i* he recit$1 dy+
 ) !m 9 8 m\?4  ,:at 0 ?is1 b tak+ a    
t5d] & pat]nal leave ( 8 *ildr51 9      
imitation ( ! val$ictions & embraces1   
:]e) we "p f ours1 :5 we come to die1 & 
an effect ( t natural incl9ation1 t     
sugge/s to our remembrance 9 ?is        
extremity ^? ?+s :i* 7 de>e/ to u dur+ !
 "t ( our life8  ,c we believe t        
,epicurus :o1 z he says himself1 dy+ ( !
 intol]able pa9 ( ! /one1 _h all 8      

consolation 9 ! beauty ( ! doctr9e he   
left beh9d him1 c\ld h receiv$ ! same   
satisfaction f _m *ildr51 ?\gh nev] s   
well-condition$ & br\ght up1 _h he _h   
!m1 z he did f ! production ( s _m ri*  
writ+s8  ,or t1 _h x be5 9 8 *oice to h 
left beh9d him a de=m$ & unt[>d *ild or 
a fooli% & ridicul\s book1 he1 or any   
o!r man ( 8 und]/&+1 w\ld n r h *os5 to 
h run ! fir/ mis=tune ?an ! o!r8  ,x _h 
be51 = example1 p]adv5ture1 an impiety 9
 ,/4 ,augu/91 if1 on ! "o h&1 x _h be5  
propos$ to him to bury 8 writ+s1 f :i*  
religion has receiv$ s great fruit1 or  
on ! o!r to bury 8 *ildr51 _h he _h !m1 
_h he n r *os5 to bury 8 *ildr54  ,& ,i 
"k n :e!r ,i _h n mu* r h begot a v     
beautiful "o1 ?r\gh society ) ! ,muses1 
?an by ly+ ) my wife4  ,to ?is1 su* z x 
is1 :at ,i give x ,i give absolutely &  
irrevocably1 z m5 d to _! bodily *ildr54
  ,t little ,i h done = x1 is no m at my
 own disposal2 x may "k _m ?+s t are    
gone f me1 & f me hold t :i* ,i h n     
reta9$2 & :i*1 z well z a /rang]1 ,i    

%\ld borr[ !nce1 %\ld ,i /& 9 ne$4  ,if 
,i am wis] ?an my book1 x is ri*] ?an   
,i4  ,!re are few m5 addict$ to poetry1 
:o w\ld n be mu* pr\d] to be ! fa!r to !
 ,a,eneid ?an to ! h&some/ y\? ( ,rome2 
& :o w\ld n mu* bett] be> ! loss ( ! "o 
?an ( ! o!r4  ,= accord+ to ,ari/otle1 !
 poet1 ( all artific]s1 is ! fonde/ ( 8 
"w4  ',tis h>d to believe t ,epam9ondas1
 :o boa/$ t 9 lieu ( all po/]ity he left
 two daught]s beh9d him t w\ld "o day d 
_! fa!r hon\r 7mean+ ! two victories he 
obta9$ ov] ! ,lac$aemonians71 w\ld      
will+ly h cons5t$ to ex*ange ^! = ! mo/ 
beautiful creatures ( all ,greece2 or t 
,alex&] or ,caes> ev] wi%$ to be depriv$
 ( ! gr&eur ( _! glori\s exploits 9 w>1 
= ! conv5i5ce ( *ildr5 & heirs1 h[      
p]fect & accompli%$ soev]4  ,nay1 ,i    
make a great "q1 :e!r ,phidias or any   
o!r excell5t sculptor w\ld be s         
solicit\s ( ! pres]vation & cont9uance (
 8 natural *ildr51 z he w\ld be ( a r>e 
/atue1 :i* ) long lab\r & /udy he _h    
p]fect$ accord+ to art4  ,& to ^? furi\s

 & irregul> passions t h sometimes      
inflam$ fa!rs t[>ds _! own daught]s1 &  
mo!rs t[>ds _! own sons1 ! l is also    
f\nd 9 ?is o!r sort ( p>5tage3 witness  
:at is relat$ ( ,pygmalion :o1 hav+ made
 ! /atue ( a woman ( s+ul> beauty1 fell 
s passionately 9 love ) ?is "w ( 81 t ! 
gods 9 fav\r ( 8 passion inspir$ x )    
life4                ,t5tatum mollescit 
ebur1 positoque rigore1                 
,subsidit digitis4       ,! ivory gr[s  
s(t "u 8 t\* & yields to 8 f+]s4        
--,ovid1 ,metam41 x4 #bhc4     ,,*apt]  
,,ix  ,,( ,,! ,,arms ,,( ,,! ,,p>?ians  
',tis an ill cu/om & unmanly t ! g5tlem5
 ( our "t h got1 n to put on arms b j ^u
 ! po9t ( ! mo/ extreme necessity1 & to 
lay !m by aga91 s soon z ev] !re is any 
%[ ( ! dang] be+ ov]2 h5ce _m disord]s  
arise2 = e "o bu/l+ & runn+ to 8 arms j 
:5 he %\ld g to *>ge1 has 8 cuirass to  
buckle on :5 8 companions are already   
put to r\t4  ,our ance/ors 7 wont to    
give _! head-piece1 lance & gauntlets to
 be c>ri$1 b nev] put (f ! o!r pieces s 

long z !re 0 any "w to be done4  ,our   
troops are n[ cumb]$ & r5d]$ unsightly )
 ! clutt] ( baggage & s]vants :o _c be f
 _! ma/]s1 by reason !y c>ry _! arms4   
,titus ,livius speak+ ( our nation3     
,intol]antissima laboris corpora vix    
arma hum]is g]ebant4       ,bodies mo/  
impati5t ( lab\r c\ld sc>ce endure to   
we>      _! arms on _! %\ld]s4--,livy1  
x4 #bh4  ,_m nations d yet1 & did       
anci5tly1 g to w> )\t def5sive arms1 or 
) su*1 at lea/1 z 7 ( v little pro(3    
,tegm9a queis capitum1 raptus de sub]e  
cortex4       ,to :om ! cov]+s ( ! heads
 7 ! b>k ( !      cork-tree4--,a,eneid1 
vii4 #gdb4  ,alex&]1 ! mo/ adv5tur\s    
capta9 t ev] 01 v seldom wore arm\r1 &  
su* among/ u z slight x1 d n by t mu*   
h>m to ! ma9 conc]n2 = if we see "s     
kill$ = want ( x1 !re are few less :om !
 lumb] ( arms helps to de/roy1 ei!r by  
be+ ov]bur!n$1 cru%$1 & cramp$ ) _!     
weight1 by a rude %ock1 or o!rwise4  ,=1
 9 pla9 tru?1 to obs]ve ! weight &      
?ickness ( ! arm\r we h n[ 9 use1 x     

seems z if we only s\ght to def5d       
ourselves1 & are r load$ ?an secur$ by  
x4  ,we h en\gh to d to support its     
weight1 be+ s manacl$ & immur$1 z if we 
7 only to cont5d ) our own arms1 & z if 
we _h n ! same obligation to def5d !m1 t
 !y h to def5d u4  ,tacitus gives a     
pleasant description ( ! m5-at-arms     
among our anci5t ,gauls1 :o 7 s arm$ z  
only to be able to /&1 )\t p[] to h>m or
 to be h>m$1 or to rise aga9 if once    
/ruck d[n4  ,lucullus1 see+ c]ta9       
soldi]s ( ! ,m$es1 :o =m$ ! van (       
,tigranes' army1 heavily arm$ & v       
uneasy1 z if 9 prisons ( iron1 !nce     
conceiv$ hopes ) great ease to defeat   
!m1 & by !m began 8 *>ge & victory4 ,&  
n[ t our muskete]s are 9 cr$it1 ,i      
believe "s inv5tion w be f\nd out to    
immure u = our safety1 & to draw u to ! 
w> 9 ca/les1 su* z ^? ! anci5ts load$ _!
 elephants )al4  ,?is hum\r is f> diff]+
 f t ( ! y\ng] ,scipio1 :o %>ply        
repreh5d$ 8 soldi]s = hav+ plant$       
caltrops "u wat]1 9 a dit* by :i* ^? ( !

 t[n he held besieg$ might sally out ^u 
him2 say+1 t ^? :o assault$ %\ld ?9k (  
attack+1 & n to fe>2 suspect+1 ) good   
reason1 t ?is /op !y _h put to !        
enemies1 w\ld make !mselves less        
vigilant ^u _! gu>d4  ,he said also to a
 "y man1 :o %[$ him a f9e buckl] he _h1 
t he 0 v pr\d (1 ,x is a v f9e buckl]   
inde$1 b a ,roman soldi] ought to repose
 great] confid5ce 9 8 "r h& ?an 9 8     
left4  ,n[ 'tis no?+ b ! n be+ us$ to   
we> x t makes ! weight ( our arm\r s    
intol]able3           ,l'usb]go 9 dosso 
haveano1 et l'elmo 9 te/a1              
,due di que/i gu]ri]1 de' quali io      
canto2           ,ne notte o di1 d'     
appoi *' entr>o 9 que/a                 
,/anza1 gl'haveano mai messi da canto2  
,*e facile a port> come la ve/a         
,era lor1 p]*e 9 uso l'havean tanto3    
,two ( ! w>riors1 ( :om ,i s+1 _h on _! 
backs _!      cuirass & on _! heads _!  
casque1 & nev] _h night or day      once
 laid !m by1 :il/ "h !y 72 ^? arms1 by  
long      practice1 7 gr[n z light to   

be> z a g>m5t      --,ario/o1 ,cant41   
,,mi4 #cj4  ! ,emp]or ,c>acalla 0 wont  
to m>* on foot1 completely arm$1 at !   
head ( 8 army4  ,! ,roman infantry      
always c>ri$ n only a morion1 a sword1 &
 a %ield 7= z to arms1 says ,cic]o1 !y 7
 s accu/om$ to h !m always on1 t !y 7 no
 m tr\ble to !m ?an _! own limbs73      
,arma enim membra militis esse dicunt4  
b1 moreov]1 fifte5 days' provision1     
toge!r ) a c]ta9 numb] ( /akes1 :]e) to 
=tify _! camp1 sixty p\nds 9 weight4  ,&
 ,m>ius' soldi]s1 lad5 at ! same rate1 7
 inur$ to m>* 9 ord] ( battle five      
leagues 9 five h\rs1 & sometimes1 ^u any
 urg5t occasion1 six4  ,_! milit>y      
discipl9e 0 mu* rud] ?an ours1 &        
accord+ly produc$ mu* great] effects4   
,! y\ng] ,scipio1 re=m+ 8 army 9 ,spa91 
ord]$ 8 soldi]s to eat /&+1 & no?+ t 0  
dre/4 ,! je] t 0 giv5 a ,lac$aemonian   
soldi] is m>vell\sly pat to ?is purpose1
 :o1 9 an exp$ition ( w>1 0 reproa*$ =  
hav+ be5 se5 "u ! ro( ( a h\se3 !y 7 s  
inur$ to h>d%ip t1 let ! wea!r be :at x 

w\ld1 x 0 a %ame to be se5 "u any o!r   
cov] ?an ! ro( ( heav54  ,we %\ld n m>* 
our p v f> at t rate4  ,z to :at rema9s1
 ,m>cell9us1  a man br$ up 9 ! ,roman   
w>s1 curi\sly obs]ves ! mann] ( !       
,p>?ians arm+ !mselves1 & ! r1 = be+ s  
diff]5t f t ( ! ,romans4  ,!y _h1 says  
he1 arm\r s wov5 z to h all ! scales    
fall ov] "o ano!r l s _m little fea!rs2 
:i* did no?+ h9d] ! motion ( ! body1 &  
yet 7 ( su* resi/ance1 t our d>ts hitt+ 
^u !m1 w\ld reb\nd 7^! 7 ! coats ( mail 
our =efa!rs 7 s con/antly wont to use74 
,& 9 ano!r place3 !y _h1 says he1 /rong 
& able horses1 cov]$ ) ?ick tann$ hides 
( lea!r1 & 7 !mselves arm$ 'cap-a-pie' )
 great plates ( iron1 s artificially    
ord]$1 t 9 all p>ts ( ! limbs1 :i*      
requir$ b5d+1 !y l5t !mselves to !      
motion4  ,"o w\ld h said1 t !y _h be5 m5
 ( iron2 hav+ arm\r = ! head s neatly   
fitt$1 & s naturally repres5t+ ! =m ( a 
face1 t !y 7 n[h]e vuln]able1 save at   
two little r\nd holes1 t gave !m a      
little light1 correspond+ ) _! eyes1 &  

c]ta9 small *9ks ab\t _! no/rils1 ?r\gh 
:i* !y1 ) great difficulty1 brea!d1     
,flexilis inductis animatur lam9a       
membris1                ,horribilis     
visu2 cr$as simulacra mov]i             
,f]rea1 cognatoque viros spir>e metallo4
                ,p> ve/itus equis3      
f]rata fronte m9antur1                  
,f]ratosque mov5t1 securi vuln]is1      
armos4       ,plates ( /eel are plac$   
ov] ! body1 s flexible t1      dreadful 
to be se51 y w\ld ?9k ^! n liv+ m51 b   
mov+ images4  ,! horses are simil>ly    
arm$1 &1 secur$ f      w\nds1 move _!   
iron %\ld]s4--,claud1 ,9 ,ruf41 ii4     
#ceh4  ',tis a description draw+ v ne>  
resembl+ ! equipage ( ! m5-at-arms 9    
,france1 ) _! b>d$ horses4  ,plut>*     
says1 t ,demetrius caus$ two complete   
suits ( arm\r to be made = himself & =  
,alcimus1 a capta9 ( ! greate/ note &   
au?ority ab\t him1 ( six score p\nds    
weight ea*1 :]eas ! ord9>y suits weigh$ 
b half z mu*4     ,,*apt] ,x  ,,(       
,,books  ,i make no d\bt b t ,i (t5     

happ5 to speak ( ?+s t are mu* bett] & m
 truly h&l$ by ^? :o are ma/]s ( !      
trade4  ,y h "h purely an essay ( my    
natural p>ts1 & n ( ^? acquir$3 & :oev] 
%all cat* me tripp+ 9 ignorance1 w n 9  
any sort get ! bett] ( me2 = ,i %\ld be 
v unwill+ to become responsible to ano!r
 = my writ+s1 :o am n s to myself1 nor  
satisfi$ ) !m4  ,:oev] goes 9 que/ ( k1 
let him fi% = x :]e x is to be f\nd2 !re
 is no?+ ,i s little pr(ess4 ,^! are    
fancies ( my own1 by :i* ,i d n pret5d  
to discov] ?+s b to lay op5 myself2 !y  
may1 p]adv5ture1 "o day be kn[n to me1  
or h =m]ly be51 accord+ z =tune has be5 
able to br+ me 9 place :]e !y h be5     
expla9$2 b ,i h utt]ly =gott5 x2 & if ,i
 am a man ( "s read+1 ,i am a man ( no  
ret5tion2 s t ,i c promise no c]ta9ty1 m
 ?an to make kn[n to :at po9t ! k ,i n[ 
h has ris54  ,!re=e1 let none lay /ress 
^u ! matt] ,i write1 b ^u my me?od 9    
writ+ x4  ,let !m obs]ve1 9 :at ,i      
borr[1 if ,i h kn[n h[ to *oose :at is  
prop] to raise or help ! inv5tion1 :i*  

is always my own4  ,= ,i make o!rs say =
 me1 n be=e b aft] me1 :at1 ei!r = want 
( language or want ( s5se1 ,i _c myself 
s well express4  ,i d n numb] my        
borr[+s1 ,i weigh !m2 & _h ,i design$ to
 raise _! value by numb]1 ,i _h made !m 
twice z _m2 !y are all1 or )9 a v few1 s
 fam$ & anci5t au?ors1 t !y seem1       
me?9ks1 !mselves suffici5tly to tell :o 
!y are1 )\t giv+ me ! tr\ble4  ,9       
reasons1 comp>isons1 & argum5ts1 if ,i  
transplant any into my own soil1 &      
conf\nd !m among/ my own1 ,i purposely  
conceal ! au?or1 to awe ! tem]ity ( ^?  
precipitate c5sors :o fall ^u all sorts 
( writ+s1 p>ticul>ly ! late ones1 ( m5  
yet liv+2 & 9 ! vulg> tongue :i* puts e 
"o into a capacity ( criticis+ & :i*    
seem to convict ! conception & design z 
vulg> also4  ,i w h !m give ,plut>* a   
fillip on my nose1 & rail aga9/ ,s5eca  
:5 !y ?9k !y rail at me4  ,i mu/ %elt]  
my own weakness "u ^! great reputations4
  ,i %all love any "o t c unplume me1 t 
is1 by cle>ness ( und]/&+ & judgm5t1 &  

by ! sole di/9ction ( ! =ce & beauty ( !
 disc\rse4  ,= ,i :o1 = want ( memory1  
am at e turn at a loss to1 pick !m out (
 _! national liv]y1 am yet wise en\gh to
 "k1 by ! measure ( my own abilities1 t 
my soil is incapable ( produc+ any ( ^? 
ri* fl[]s t ,i !re f9d gr[+2 & t all !  
fruits ( my own gr[? are n wor? any "o (
 !m4  ,= ?is1 inde$1 ,i hold myself     
responsible2 if ,i get 9 my own way2 if 
!re be any vanity & defect 9 my writ+s  
:i* ,i d n ( myself p]ceive nor c       
disc]n1 :5 po9t$ out to me by ano!r2 =  
_m faults escape our eye1 b ! infirmity 
( judgm5t consi/s 9 n be+ able to disc]n
 !m1 :5 by ano!r laid op5 to u4  ,k &   
tru? may be 9 u )\t judgm5t1 & judgm5t  
also )\t !m2 b ! confession ( ignorance 
is "o ( ! f9e/ & sure/ te/imonies (     
judgm5t t ,i "k4  ,i h no o!r (fic] to  
put my writ+s 9 rank & file1 b only     
=tune4  ,z ?+s come into my head1 ,i    
heap !m "o ^u ano!r2 sometimes !y       
advance 9 :ole bodies1 sometimes 9 s+le 
file4  ,i w\ld t e "o %\ld see my       

natural & ord9>y pace1 irregul> z x is2 
,i suff] myself to jog on at my own     
rate4  ,nei!r are ^! subjects :i* a man 
is n p]mitt$ to be ignorant 91 or       
casually & at a v5ture1 to disc\rse (4  
,i c\ld wi% to h a m p]fect k ( ?+s1 b  
,i w n buy x s de> z x co/s4  ,my design
 is to pass ov] easily1 & n labori\sly1 
! rema9d] ( my life2 !re is no?+ t ,i w 
cudgel my bra9s ab\t2 no1 n ev5 k1 ( :at
 value soev]4  ,i seek1 9 ! read+ (     
books1 only to please myself by an hone/
 div]sion2 or1 if ,i /udy1 'tis = no o!r
 sci5ce ?an :at treats ( ! k ( myself1 &
 in/ructs me h[ to die & h[ to live     
well4                 ,has meus ad metas
 sudet oportet equus4                   
,my horse mu/ "w accord+ to my /ep4     
--,prop]tius1 iv4  ,i d n bite my nails 
ab\t ! difficulties ,i meet ) 9 my      
read+2 aft] a *>ge or two1 ,i give !m   
ov]4  ,%\ld ,i insi/ ^u !m1 ,i %\ld bo? 
lose myself & "t2 = ,i h an impati5t    
und]/&+1 t mu/ be satisfi$ at fir/3 :at 
,i d n disc]n at once is by p]si/5ce    

r5d]$ m obscure4 ,i d no?+ )\t gaiety2  
cont9uation & a too ob/9ate endeav\r1   
d>k5s1 /upefies1 & tires my judgm5t4    
,my sight is conf\nd$ & dissipat$ )     
por+2 ,i mu/ )draw x1 & ref] my discov]y
 to new attempts2 j z1 to judge rightly 
( ! lu/re ( sc>let1 we are taught to    
pass ! eye lightly ov] x1 & aga9 to run 
x ov] at sev]al sudd5 & reit]at$        
glances4  ,if "o book d n please me1 ,i 
take ano!r2 & ,i nev] m$dle ) any1 b at 
su* times z ,i am we>y ( do+ no?+4 ,i   
c>e n mu* = new ones1 because ! old seem
 full] & /rong]2 nei!r d ,i conv]se mu* 
) ,greek au?ors1 because my judgm5t _c d
 its "w ) imp]fect intellig5ce ( !      
mat]ial4  ,among/ books t are simply    
pleasant1 ( ! mod]ns1 ,boccaccio's      
,decam]on1 ,rabelais1 & ! ,basia (      
,johannes ,secundus 7if ^? may be rang$ 
"u ! title7 are wor? read+ = amusem5t4  
,z to ! ,amadis1 & su* k9d ( /uff1 !y _h
 n ! cr$it ( arre/+ ev5 my *ildhood4  ,&
 ,i w1 moreov]1 say1 :e!r boldly or     
ra%ly1 t ?is old1 heavy s\l ( m9e is n[ 

no long] tickl$ ) ,ario/o1 no1 nor ) !  
wor?y ,ovid2 8 facility & inv5tions1 )  
:i* ,i 0 =m]ly s ravi%$1 are n[ ( no m  
reli%1 & ,i c h>dly h ! pati5ce to read 
!m4  ,i speak my op9ion freely ( all    
?+s1 ev5 ( ^? t1 p]haps1 exce$ my       
capacity1 & t ,i d n conceive to be1 9  
any wise1 "u my jurisdiction4  ,&1      
accord+ly1 ! judgm5t ,i deliv]1 is to %[
 ! measure ( my own sight1 & n ( ! ?+s  
,i make s bold to criticise4  ,:5 ,i f9d
 myself disgu/$ ) ,plato's ',axio*us'1 z
 ) a "w1 ) due respect to su* an au?or  
be x spok51 )\t =ce1 my judgm5t does n  
believe itself3 x is n s arrogant z to  
oppose ! au?ority ( s _m o!r fam\s      
judgm5ts ( antiquity1 :i* x consid]s z  
its tutors & ma/]s1 & ) :om x is r      
cont5t to err2 9 su* a case1 x condemns 
itself ei!r to /op at ! outw>d b>k1 n   
be+ able to p5etrate to ! he>t1 or to   
consid] x by sortie false light4  ,x is 
cont5t ) only secur+ itself f tr\ble &  
disord]2 z to its own weakness1 x       
frankly ackn[l$ges & confesses x4  ,x   

?9ks x gives a j int]pretation to !     
appe>ances by its conceptions pres5t$ to
 x2 b !y are weak & imp]fect4  ,mo/ ( ! 
fables ( ,a,esop h div]se s5ses &       
mean+s1 ( :i* ! my?ologi/s *ose "s "o t 
quadrates well to ! fable2 b1 = ! mo/   
"p1 'tis b ! fir/ face t pres5ts itself 
& is sup]ficial only2 !re yet rema9 o!rs
 m vivid1 ess5tial1 & pr(\nd1 into :i*  
!y h n be5 able to p5etrate2 & j s 'tis 
) me4  ,b1 to pursue ! bus9ess ( ?is    
essay1 ,i h always ?\ght t1 9 poesy1    
,virgil1 ,lucretius1 ,catullus1 &       
,horace by _m degrees excel ! re/2 &    
signally1 ,virgil 9 8 ,georgics1 :i* ,i 
look ^u z ! mo/ accompli%$ piece 9      
poetry2 & 9 comp>ison ( :i* a man may   
easily disc]n t !re are "s places 9 8   
,a,eneids1 to :i* ! au?or w\ld h giv5 a 
little m ( ! file1 _h he _h leisure3 & !
 fif? book ( 8 ,a,eneids seems to me !  
mo/ p]fect4  ,i also love ,lucan1 &     
will+ly read him1 n s mu* = 8 /yle1 z = 
8 own wor?1 & ! tru? & solidity ( 8     
op9ions & judgm5ts4  ,z = good ,t]5ce1 !

 ref9$ elegance & grace ( ! ,lat9       
tongue1 ,i f9d him admirable 9 8 vivid  
repres5tation ( our mann]s & ! movem5ts 
( ! s\l2 our actions ?r[ me at e turn ^u
 him2 & ,i _c read him s (t5 t ,i d n   
/ill discov] "s new grace & beauty4     
,su* z liv$ ne> ,virgil's "t compla9$ t 
"s %\ld comp>e ,lucretius to him4  ,i am
 ( op9ion t ! comp>ison is1 9 tru?1 v   
unequal3 a belief t1 nev]!less1 ,i h mu*
 ado to assure myself 91 :5 ,i come ^u  
"s excell5t passage 9 ,lucretius4 ,b if 
!y 7 s angry at ?is comp>ison1 :at w\ld 
!y say to ! bruti% & b>b>\s /upidity (  
^? :o1 n[adays1 comp>e him ) ,ario/o8   
,w\ld n ,ario/o himself say8            
,o seclum insipi5s et inficetum6        
,o /upid & ta/eless age4--,catullus1    
xliii4 #h4  ,i ?9k ! anci5ts _h m reason
 to be angry ) ^? :o comp>$ ,plautus )  
,t]5ce1 ?\gh mu* ne>] ! m>k1 ?an        
,lucretius ) ,virgil4  ,x makes mu* = ! 
e/imation & pref]5ce ( ,t]5ce1 t ! fa!r 
( ,roman eloqu5ce has him s (t51 & alone
 ( 8 class1 9 8 m\?2 & ! op9ion t ! be/ 

judge ( ,roman poets --,horace1 ,de     
,art4  ,poetica1 #bgi4--;has pass$ ^u 8 
companion4  ,i h (t5 obs]v$ t ^? ( our  
times1 :o take ^u !m to write com$ies 79
 imitation ( ! ,italians1 :o are happy  
en\gh 9 t way ( writ+71 take ?ree or f\r
 plots ( ^? ( ,plautus or ,t]5ce to make
 "o ( _! own1 & 1 cr[d five or six (    
,boccaccio's novels into "o s+le com$y4 
,t :i* makes !m s load !mselves ) matt] 
is ! diffid5ce !y h ( be+ able to       
support !mselves ) _! own /r5g?4  ,!y   
mu/ f9d out some?+ to lean to2 & n hav+ 
( _! own /uff :]e) to ent]ta9 u1 !y br+ 
9 ! /ory to supply ! defect ( language4 
,x is q o!rwise ) my au?or2 ! elegance &
 p]fection ( 8 way ( speak+ makes u lose
 ! appetite ( 8 plot2 8 ref9$ grace &   
elegance ( diction ev]y:]e occupy u3 he 
is s pleasant ?r\gh\t1                  
,liquidus1 puroque simillimus amni1     
,liquid1 & like/ ! pure riv]4           
--,horace1 ,ep41 ii4 s1 #abj4  & s      
possesses ! s\l ) 8 graces t we =get ^? 
( 8 fable4  ,?is same consid]ation      

c>ries me fur!r3  ,i obs]ve t ! be/ ( ! 
anci5t poets h avoid$ affectation & !   
hunt+ aft]1 n only fanta/ic ,spani% &   
,petr>*ic elevations1 b ev5 ! s(t] & m  
g5tle t\*es1 :i* are ! ornam5t ( all    
succe$+ poesy4 ,& yet !re is no good    
judgm5t t w condemn ?is 9 ! anci5ts1 & t
 does n incomp>ably m admire ! equal    
poli%1 & t p]petual sweetness & fl\ri%+ 
beauty ( ,catullus's epigrams1 ?an all !
 /+s ) :i* ,m>tial arms ! tails ( 84    
,?is is by ! same reason t ,i gave be=e1
 & z ,m>tial says ( himself3            
,m9us illi +5io labor&um fuit1          
9 cujus locum mat]ia success]at3        
,he _h ! less = 8 wit to d t ! subject  
itself      suppli$ :at 0               
necess>y4--,m>tial1 praef4  ad lib4     
viii4  ,! fir/1 )\t be+ mov$1 or )\t    
gett+ angry1 make !mselves suffici5tly  
felt2 !y h matt] en\gh ( laught]        
?r\gh\t1 !y ne$ n tickle !mselves2 !    
o!rs h ne$ ( =eign assi/ance2 z !y h !  
less wit !y mu/ h ! m body2 !y m\nt on  
horseback1 because !y are n able to /&  

on _! own legs4  ,z 9 our balls1 ^? mean
 fell[s :o tea* to dance1 n be+ able to 
repres5t ! pres5ce & dignity ( our      
noblesse1 are fa9 to put !mselves =w>d )
 dang]\s jump+1 & o!r /range motions &  
tumbl]s tricks2 & ! ladies are less put 
to x 9 dance2 :]e !re are v>i\s c\pees1 
*anges1 & quick motions ( body1 ?an 9 "s
 o!r ( a m s$ate k9d1 :]e !y are only to
 move a natural pace1 & to repres5t _!  
ord9>y grace & pres5ce4  ,& s ,i h se5  
good drolls1 :5 9 _! own ev]yday clo!s1 
& ) ! same face !y always we>1 give u   
all ! pleasure ( _! art1 :5 _!          
appr5tices1 n yet arriv$ at su* a pit* (
 p]fection1 are fa9 to meal _! faces1   
put !mselves into ridicul\s disguises1 &
 make a hundr$ grotesque faces to give u
 :]eat to laugh4  ,?is conception ( m9e 
is n[h]e m demon/rable ?an 9 comp>+ !   
,a,eneid ) ,orl&o ,furioso2 ( :i* we see
 ! fir/1 by d9t ( w+1 fly+ 9 a brave &  
l(ty place1 & always foll[+ 8 po9t3 !   
latt]1 flutt]+ & hopp+ f tale to tale1 z
 f bran* to bran*1 n d>+ to tru/ 8 w+s b

 9 v %ort flights1 & p]*+ at e turn1 le/
 8 brea? & /r5g? %\ld fail4             
,excursusque breves t5tat4              
,& he attempts %ort excursions4         
--,virgil1 ,georgics1 iv4  #aid4  ,^!1  
!n1 z to ?is sort ( subjects1 are !     
au?ors t be/ please me4  ,z to :at      
conc]ns my o!r read+1 t mixes a little m
 pr(it ) ! pleasure1 & :5ce ,i le>n h[  
to m>%al my op9ions & conditions1 !     
books t s]ve me to ?is purpose are      
,plut>*1 s9ce he has be5 translat$ into 
,fr5*1 & ,s5eca4  ,bo? ( ^! h ?is       
notable conv5i5ce suit$ to my hum\r1 t !
 k ,i !re seek is disc\rs$ 9 loose      
pieces1 t d n require f me any tr\ble ( 
read+ long1 ( :i* ,i am incapable4  ,su*
 are ! m9or works ( ! fir/ & ! epi/les (
 ! latt]1 :i* are ! be/ & mo/ pr(it+ (  
all _! writ+s4  ',tis no great attempt  
to take "o ( !m 9 h&1 & ,i give ov] at  
pleasure2 = !y h no sequ5ce or dep5d5ce 
^u "o ano!r4  ,^! au?ors1 = ! mo/ "p1   
concur 9 useful & true op9ions2 & !re is
 ?is p>allel betwixt !m1 t =tune br\ght 

!m into ! _w ab\t ! same c5tury3 !y 7   
bo? tutors to two ,roman emp]ors3 bo?   
s\ght out f =eign c\ntries3 bo? ri* &   
bo? great m54  ,_! in/ruction is ! cream
 ( philosophy1 & deliv]$ aft] a pla9 &  
p]t95t mann]4 ,plut>* is m uni=m &      
con/ant2 ,s5eca m v>i\s & wav+3 ! la/   
toil$ & b5t 8 :ole /r5g? to =tify virtue
 aga9/ weakness1 fe>1 & vici\s          
appetites2 ! o!r seems m to slight _!   
p[]1 & to disda9 to alt] 8 pace & to /& 
^u 8 gu>d4  ,plut>*'s op9ions are       
,platonic1 g5tle1 & accommodat$ to civil
 society2 ^? ( ! o!r are ,/oical &      
,epicurean1 m remote f ! common use1 b1 
9 my op9ion1 m individually commodi\s & 
m firm4  ,s5eca seems to lean a little  
to ! tyranny ( ! emp]ors ( 8 "t1 & only 
seems2 = ,i take x = c]ta9 t he speaks  
aga9/ 8 judgm5t :5 he condemns ! action 
( ! g5]\s murd]]s ( ,caes>4  ,plut>* is 
frank ?r\gh\t3 ,s5eca ab\nds ) brisk    
t\*es & sallies2 ,plut>* ) ?+s t w>m &  
move y m2 ?is cont5ts & pays y bett]3 he
 guides u1 ! o!r pu%es u on4  ,z to     

,cic]o1 8 works t are mo/ useful to my  
design are !y t treat ( mann]s & rules (
 our life4  ,b boldly to confess ! tru? 
7= s9ce "o has pass$ ! b>ri]s (         
impud5ce1 !re is no bridle71 8 way (    
writ+ appe>s to me neglig5t & un9vit+3 =
 8 prefaces1 def9itions1 divisions1 &   
etymologies take up ! greate/ "p ( 8 "w3
 :atev] !re is ( life & m>r[ is smo!r$ &
 lo/ 9 ! long prep>ation4  ,:5 ,i h sp5t
 an h\r 9 read+ him1 :i* is a great deal
 = me1 & try to recollect :at ,i h !nce 
extract$ ( juice & sub/ance1 = ! mo/ "p 
,i f9d no?+ b w9d2 = he is n yet come to
 ! argum5ts t s]ve to 8 purpose1 & to ! 
reasons t prop]ly help to =m ! knot ,i  
seek4  ,= me1 :o only desire to become m
 wise1 n m le>n$ or eloqu5t1 ^! logical 
& ,ari/otelian dispositions ( p>ts are (
 no use4  ,i w\ld h a man beg9 ) ! ma9  
proposition4  ,i "k well en\gh :at dea? 
& pleasure are2 let no man give himself 
! tr\ble to anatomise !m to me4  ,i look
 = good & solid reasons1 at ! fir/ da%1 
to in/ruct me h[ to /& _! %ock1 = :i*   

purpose nei!r grammatical subtleties nor
 ! qua9t contexture ( words &           
argum5tations are ( any use at all4  ,i 
am = disc\rses t give ! fir/ *>ge into !
 he>t ( ! r$\bt2 8 langui% ab\t !       
subject2 !y are prop] = ! s*ools1 = !   
b>1 & = ! pulpit1 :]e we h leisure to   
nod1 & may awake1 a qu>t] ( an h\r aft]1
 "t en\gh to f9d aga9 ! ?read ( !       
disc\rse4  ,x is necess>y to speak aft] 
?is mann] to judges1 :om a man has a    
design to ga9 ov]1 "r or wrong1 to      
*ildr5 & common p1 to :om a man mu/ say 
all1 & see :at w come ( x4  ,i w\ld n h 
an au?or make x 8 bus9ess to r5d] me    
att5tive3 or t he %\ld cry out fifty    
times ,oyez6  z ! h]alds d4  ,! ,romans1
 9 _! religi\s ex]cises1 began ) ',hoc  
age' z we 9 ours d ) ',sursum corda'2 ^!
 are s _m words lo/ to me3 ,i come      
already fully prep>$ f my *amb]4  ,i ne$
 no allurem5t1 no invitation1 no sauce2 
,i eat ! meat raw1 s t1 in/ead ( :ett+  
my appetite by ^! prep>atives1 !y tire &
 pall x4  ,w ! lic5ce ( ! "t excuse my  

sacrilegi\s boldness if ,i c5sure !     
dialogism ( ,plato himself z also dull &
 heavy1 too mu* /ifl+ ! matt]1 & lam5t s
 mu* "t lo/ by a man1 :o _h s _m bett]  
?+s to say1 9 s _m long & ne$less       
prelim9>y int]locutions8  ,my ignorance 
w bett] excuse me 9 t ,i und]/& n ,greek
 s well z to disc]n ! beauty ( 8        
language4 ,i g5]ally *oose books t use  
sci5ces1 n su* z only lead to !m4  ,!   
two fir/1 & ,pl9y1 & _! l1 h no?+ ( ?is 
,hoc age2 !y w h to d ) m5 already      
in/ruct$2 or if !y h1 'tis a sub/antial 
,hoc age2 & t has a body by itself4  ,i 
also delight 9 read+ ! ,epi/les to      
,atticus1 n only because !y conta9 a    
great deal ( ! hi/ory & affairs ( 8 "t1 
b mu* m because ,i !re9 discov] mu* ( 8 
own private hum\rs2 = ,i h a s+ul>      
curiosity1 z ,i h said else:]e1 to pry  
into ! s\ls & ! natural & true op9ions (
 ! au?ors1 ) :om ,i conv]se4  ,a man may
 inde$ judge ( _! p>ts1 b n ( _! mann]s 
nor ( !mselves1 by ! writ+s !y exhibit  
^u ! !atre ( ! _w4 ,i h a ?\s& times    

lam5t$ ! loss ( ! treatise ,brutus wrote
 ^u ,virtue1 = x is well to le>n ! !ory 
f ^? :o be/ "k ! practice4  ,b see+ !   
matt] prea*$ & ! prea*] are diff]5t ?+s1
 ,i w\ld z will+ly see ,brutus 9        
,plut>*1 z 9 a book ( 8 own4 ,i w\ld r  
*oose to be c]ta9ly in=m$ ( ! conf]5ce  
he _h 9 8 t5t ) "s p>ticul> fri5ds ( 8 !
 night be=e a battle1 ?an ( ! h>angue he
 made ! next day to 8 army2 & ( :at he  
did 9 8 closet & 8 *amb]1 ?an :at he did
 9 ! public squ>e & 9 ! s5ate4  ,z to   
,cic]o1 ,i am ( ! common op9ion t1 le>n+
 except$1 he _h no great natural        
excell5ce4  ,he 0 a good citiz51 ( an   
affable nature1 z all fat1 heavy m51 su*
 z he 01 usually are2 b giv5 to ease1 & 
_h1 9 tru?1 a mighty %>e ( vanity &     
ambition4  ,nei!r d ,i "k h[ to excuse  
him = ?9k+ 8 poetry fit to be publi%$2  
'tis no great imp]fection to make ill   
v]ses1 b x is an imp]fection n to be    
able to judge h[ unwor?y 8 v]ses 7 ( !  
glory ( 8 "n4  ,= :at conc]ns 8         
eloqu5ce1 t is totally out ( all        

comp>ison1 & ,i believe x w nev] be     
equall$4  ,! y\ng] ,cic]o1 :o resembl$ 8
 fa!r 9 no?+ b 9 "n1 :il/ comm&+ 9      
,asia1 _h sev]al /rang]s "o day at 8    
table1 &1 among/ ! re/1 ,ce/ius seat$ at
 ! l[] end1 z m5 (t5 intrude to ! op5   
tables ( ! great4  ,cic]o ask$ "o ( 8 p 
:o t man 01 :o pres5tly told him 8 "n2 b
 he1 z "o :o _h 8 ?\ghts tak5 up )      
some?+ else1 & :o _h =gott5 ! answ] made
 him1 ask+ ?ree or f\r times1 ov] & ov] 
aga92 ! same "q1 ! fell[1 to deliv]     
himself f s _m answ]s & to make him "k  
him by "s p>ticul> circum/ance2 'tis t  
,ce/ius1 said he1 ( :om x 0 told y1 t he
 makes no great acc\nt ( y\r fa!r's     
eloqu5ce 9 comp>ison ( 8 own4  ,at :i*  
,cic]o1 be+ sudd5ly nettl$1 comm&$ poor 
,ce/ius pres5tly to be seiz$1 & caus$   
him to be v well :ipp$ 9 8 own pres5ce2 
a v disc\rte\s ent]ta9]6  ,yet ev5      
among/ ^?1 :o1 all ?+s consid]$1 h      
reput$ 81 eloqu5ce incomp>able1 !re h   
be5 "s1 :o h n /uck to obs]ve "s faults 
9 x3 z t great ,brutus 8 fri5d1 =       

example1 :o said 'twas a brok5 & feeble 
eloqu5ce1 'fyactam et elumbem'4  ,!     
orators also1 ne>e/ to ! age :]e9 he    
liv$1 repreh5d$ 9 him ! c>e he _h ( a   
c]ta9 long cad5ce 9 8 p]iods1 &         
p>ticul>ly took notice ( ^! words1 'esse
 videatur'1 :i* he !re s (t5 makes use  
(4  ,= my "p1 ,i m approve ( a %ort]    
/yle1 & t comes m r\ndly (f4  ,he does1 
?\gh1 sometimes %uffle 8 p>ts m briskly 
toge!r1 b 'tis v seldom4  ,i h myself   
tak5 notice ( ?is "o passage3           
,ego v]o me m9us diu s5em mallem1       
quam esse s5em1 antequam essem4       ,i
 _h r be old a brief "t1 ?an be old be=e
 old age4      --,cic]o1 ,de ,s5ect41 c4
 #aj4  ,! hi/orians are my "r ball1 = !y
 are pleasant & easy1 & :]e man1 9      
g5]al1 ! k ( :om ,i hunt aft]1 appe>s m 
vividly & entire ?an any:]e else3       
,! easie/ ( my amusem5ts1 ! "r ball at  
t5nis be+ t      :i* com+ to ! play] f !
 "r h&1 is mu* easi]      play$         
)4--,co/e4  ! v>iety & tru? ( 8 int]nal 
qualities1 9 gross & piecemeal1 !       

div]sity ( means by :i* he is unit$ &   
knit1 & ! accid5ts t ?reat5 him4  ,n[ ^?
 t write lives1 by reason !y insi/ m ^u 
c\nsels ?an ev5ts1 m ^u :at sallies f   
)91 ?an ^u :at happ5s )\t1 are ! mo/    
prop] = my read+2 &1 !re=e1 above all   
o!rs1 ,plut>* is ! man = me4  ,i am v   
sorry we h n a doz5 ,la]tii1--,diog5es  
,la]tius1 :o wrote ! ,lives ( !         
,philosoph]s--or t he 0 n fur!r ext5d$2 
= ,i am equally curi\s to "k ! lives &  
=tunes ( ^! great in/ructors ( ! _w1 z  
to "k ! div]sities ( _! doctr9es &      
op9ions4  ,9 ?is k9d ( /udy ( hi/ories1 
a man mu/ tumble ov]1 )\t di/9ction1 all
 sorts ( au?ors1 old & new1 ,fr5* or    
=eign1 !re to "k ! ?+s ( :i* !y v>i\sly 
treat4  ,b ,caes>1 9 my op9ion1         
p>ticul>ly des]ves to be /udi$1 n = ! k 
( ! hi/ory only1 b = himself1 s great an
 excell5ce & p]fection he has above all 
! re/1 ?\gh ,sallu/ be "o ( ! numb]4  ,9
 e>ne/1 ,i read ?is au?or ) m rev]5ce & 
respect ?an is usually all[$ to human   
writ+s2 "o :ile consid]+ him 9 8 p]son1 

by 8 actions & miracul\s greatness1 &   
ano!r 9 ! purity & inimitable poli% ( 8 
language1 :]e9 he n only excels all o!r 
hi/orians1 z ,cic]o confesses1  b1      
p]adv5ture1 ev5 ,cic]o himself2 speak+ (
 8 enemies ) s mu* s9c]ity 9 8 judgm5t1 
t1 ! false col\rs ) :i* he /rives to    
palliate 8 evil cause1 & ! ordure ( 8   
pe/il5t ambition except$1 ,i ?9k !re is 
no fault to be object$ aga9/ him1 sav+  
?is1 t he speaks too sp>+ly ( himself1  
see+ s _m great ?+s c\ld n h be5 p]=m$  
"u 8 conduct1 b t 8 own p]sonal acts mu/
 necess>ily h _h a great] %>e 9 !m ?an  
he attributes to !m4  ,i love hi/orians1
 :e!r ( ! simple sort1 or ( ! high]     
ord]4 ,! simple1 :o h no?+ ( _! own to  
mix ) x1 & :o only make x _! bus9ess to 
collect all t comes to _! k1 & fai?fully
 to record all ?+s1 )\t *oice or        
discrim9ation1 leave to u ! entire      
judgm5t ( disc]n+ ! tru?4  ,su*1 =      
example1 among/ o!rs1 is hone/          
,froiss>t1 :o has proce$$ 9 8 und]tak+ )
 s frank a pla9ness t1 hav+ committ$ an 

error1 he is n a%am$ to confess &       
correct x 9 ! place :]e ! f+] has be5   
laid1 & :o repres5ts to u ev5 ! v>iety (
 rum\rs t 7 !n spread abroad1 & !       
diff]5t reports t 7 made to him2 'tis ! 
nak$ & in=m matt] ( hi/ory1 & ( :i* e "o
 may make 8 pr(it1 accord+ to 8 und]/&+4
  ,! m excell5t sort ( hi/orians h      
judgm5t to pick out :at is mo/ wor?y to 
be kn[n2 &1 ( two reports1 to exam9e :i*
 is ! mo/ likely to be true3 f !        
condition ( pr9ces & _! hum\rs1 !y      
conclude _! c\nsels1 & attribute to !m  
words prop] = ! occasion2 su* h title to
 assume ! au?ority ( regulat+ our belief
 to :at !y !mselves believe2 b c]ta9ly1 
?is privilege belongs to v few4  ,= !   
middle sort ( hi/orians1 ( :i* ! mo/ "p 
are1 !y spoil all2 !y w *ew our meat =  
u2 !y take ^u !m to judge (1 &          
consequ5tly1 to incl9e ! hi/ory to _!   
own fancy2 = if ! judgm5t lean to "o    
side1 a man _c avoid wre/+ & wri?+ 8    
n>rative to t bias2 !y und]take to      
select ?+s wor?y to be kn[n1 & yet (t5  

conceal f u su* a ^w1 su* a private     
action1 z w\ld mu* bett] in/ruct u2     
omit1 z incr$ible1 su* ?+s z !y d n     
und]/&1 & p]adv5ture "s1 because !y _c  
express good ,fr5* or ,lat94  ,let !m   
display _! eloqu5ce & intellig5ce1 &    
judge accord+ to _! own fancy3 b let !m1
 )al1 leave u some?+ to judge ( aft] !m1
 & nei!r alt] nor disguise1 by _!       
abridgm5ts & at _! own *oice1 any?+ ( ! 
sub/ance ( ! matt]1 b deliv] x to u pure
 & entire 9 all its dim5sions4  ,= ! mo/
 "p1 & especially 9 ^! latt] ages1      
p]sons are cull$ out = ?is "w f among/ !
 common p1 ^u ! sole consid]ation (     
well-speak+1 z if we 7 to le>n gramm> f 
!m2 & ! m5 s *os5 h fair reason1 be+    
hir$ = no o!r end & pret5d+ to no?+ b   
babble1 n to be v solicit\s ( any "p b  
t1 & s1 ) a f9e j+le ( words1 prep>e u a
 pretty contexture ( reports !y pick up 
9 ! /reets4  ,! only good hi/ories are  
^? t h be5 writt5 !mselves :o held comm&
 9 ! affairs :]e( !y write1 or :o       
p>ticipat$ 9 ! conduct ( !m1 or1 at     

lea/1 :o h _h ! conduct ( o!rs ( ! same 
nature4  ,su* are almo/ all ! ,greek &  
,roman hi/ories3 =1 sev]al eye-witnesses
 hav+ writt5 ( ! same subject1 9 ! "t :5
 gr&eur & le>n+ commonly met 9 ! same   
p]son1 if !re happ5 to be an error1 x   
mu/ ( necessity be a v slight "o1 & ^u a
 v d\btful incid5t4  ,:at c a man expect
 f a physician :o writes ( w>1 or f a   
m]e s*ol>1 treat+ ( ! designs ( pr9ces8 
,if we c\ld take notice h[ scrupul\s !  
,romans 7 9 ?is1 !re w\ld ne$ b ?is     
example3 ,as9ius ,pollio f\nd 9 !       
hi/ories ( ,caes> himself some?+        
misreport$1 a mi/ake occasion$2 ei!r by 
reason he c\ld n h 8 eye 9 all p>ts ( 8 
army at once & _h giv5 cr$it to "s      
individual p]sons :o _h n deliv]$ him a 
v true acc\nt2 or else1 = n hav+ _h too 
p]fect notice giv5 him by 8 lieut5ants (
 :at !y _h done 9 8 abs5ce4--,suetonius1
 ,life ( ,caes>1 c4 #ef4--;,by :i* we   
may see1 :e!r ! inquisition aft] tru? be
 n v delicate1 :5 a man _c believe !    
report ( a battle f ! k ( him :o !re    

comm&$1 nor f ! soldi]s :o 7 engag$ 9 x1
 unless1 aft] ! me?od ( a judicial      
inquiry1 ! witnesses be confront$ &     
objections consid]$ ^u ! pro( ( ! lea/  
detail ( e incid5t4  ,9 good e>ne/ ! k  
we h ( our own affairs1 is mu* m        
obscure3 b t has be5 suffici5tly h&l$ by
 ,bod91 & accord+ to my own s5tim5t --,9
 ! "w by jean ,bod91 entitl$ ,me?odus ad
 facilem hi/ori>um cognitionem4         
#aeff4--;,a little to aid ! weakness (  
my memory 7s extreme t x has happ5$ to  
me m ?an once1 to take books aga9 into  
my h& z new & unse51 t ,i _h c>efully   
read ov] a few ye>s be=e1 & scribbl$ )  
my notes7 ,i h adopt$ a cu/om ( late1 to
 note at ! end ( e book 7t is1 ( ^? ,i  
nev] int5d to read aga97 ! "t :5 ,i made
 an end on't1 & ! judgm5t ,i _h made (  
x1 to ! end t ?is might1 at lea/1       
repres5t to me ! "* & g5]al idea ,i _h  
conceiv$ ( ! au?or 9 read+ x2 & ,i w "h 
transcribe "s ( ^? annotations4  ,i     
wrote ?is1 "s t5 ye>s ago1 9 my         
,guicci>d9i 7( :at language soev] my    

books speak to me 91 ,i always speak to 
!m 9 my own73 ,he is a dilig5t          
hi/oriograph]1 f :om1 9 my op9ion1 a man
 may le>n ! tru? ( ! affairs ( 8 "t1 z  
exactly z f any o!r2 9 ! mo/ ( :i* he 0 
himself also a p]sonal actor1 & 9       
hon\rable comm&4  ,!re is no appe>ance t
 he disguis$ any?+1 ei!r ^u ! acc\nt (  
hatr$1 fav\r1 or vanity2 ( :i* ! free   
c5sures he passes ^u ! great ones1 &    
p>ticul>ly ^? by :om he 0 advanc$ &     
employ$ 9 comm&s ( great tru/ & hon\r1 z
 ,pope ,clem5t ,,vii41 give ample       
te/imony4  ,z to t "p :i* he ?9ks       
himself ! be/ at1 namely1 8 digressions 
& disc\rses1 he has inde$ "s v good1 &  
enri*$ ) f9e features2 b he is too fond 
( !m3 =1 to leave no?+ unsaid1 hav+ a   
subject s full1 ample1 almo/ inf9ite1 he
 deg5]ates into p$antry & smacks a      
little ( s*ola/ic prattle4  ,i h also   
obs]v$ ?is 9 him1 t ( s _m s\ls & s _m  
effects1 s _m motives & s _m c\nsels z  
he judges1 he nev] attributes any "o to 
virtue1 religion1 or consci5ce1 z if all

 ^! 7 utt]ly ext9ct 9 ! _w3 & ( all !   
actions1 h[ brave soev] 9 outw>d %[ !y  
appe> 9 !mselves1 he always ref]s !     
cause & motive to "s vici\s occasion or 
"s prospect ( pr(it4  ,x is impossible  
to imag9e b t1 among/ su* an inf9ite    
numb] ( actions z he makes m5tion (1 !re
 mu/ be "s "o produc$ by ! way ( hone/  
reason4  ,no corruption c\ld s          
univ]sally h infect$ m5 t "s "o w\ld n  
escape ! contagion :i* makes me suspect 
t 8 own ta/e 0 vici\s1 :5ce x might     
happ5 t he judg$ o!r m5 by himself4  ,9 
my ,philip de ,comm9es !re is ?is       
writt53 ,y w "h f9d ! language sweet &  
delightful1 ( a natural simplicity1 !   
n>ration pure1 ) ! good fai? ( ! au?or  
conspicu\s !re92 free f vanity1 :5      
speak+ ( himself1 & f affection or envy1
 :5 speak+ ( o!rs3 8 disc\rses &        
exhortations r accompani$ ) zeal & tru?1
 ?an ) any exquisite suffici5cy2 &1     
?r\gh\t1 au?ority & gravity1 :i* bespeak
 him a man ( good extraction1 & br\ght  
up 9 great affairs4  ,^u ! ,memoirs (   

,monsieur du ,bellay ,i f9d ?is3 ',tis  
always pleasant to read ?+s writt5 by ^?
 t h exp]i5c$ h[ !y ought to be c>ri$   
on2 b )al1 x _c be d5i$ b !re is a      
manife/ decad5ce 9 ^! two lords--,m>t9  
du ,bellay & ,guillaume de ,langey1     
bro!rs1 :o jo9tly wrote ! ,memoirs4--f !
 fre$om & lib]ty ( writ+ t %9e 9 ! eld] 
hi/orians1 su* z ! ,sire de ,jo9ville1 !
 famili> companion ( ,/4 ,l\is2 ,eg9h>d1
 *ancellor to ,*>lemagne2 & ( lat] date1
 ,philip de ,comm9es4  ,:at we h "h is r
 an apology = ,k+ ,francis1 aga9/ !     
,emp]or ,*>les ,v41 ?an hi/ory4  ,i w n 
believe t !y h falsifi$ any?+1 z to     
matt] ( fact2 b !y make a common        
practice ( twi/+ ! judgm5t ( ev5ts1 v   
(t5 contr>y to reason1 to our advantage1
 & ( omitt+ :atsoev] is tickli% to be   
h&l$ 9 ! life ( _! ma/]2 witness !      
proce$+s ( ,messieurs de ,montmor5cy &  
de ,biron1 :i* are "h omitt$3 nay1 s mu*
 z ! v "n ( ,madame d',e/ampes is n "h  
to be f\nd4  ,secret actions an hi/orian
 may conceal2 b to pass ov] 9 sil5ce :at

 all ! _w kn[s & ?+s t h drawn aft] !m  
public & su* high consequ5ces1 is an    
inexcusable defect4  ,9 f9e1 :oev] has a
 m9d to h a p]fect k ( ,k+ ,francis & ! 
ev5ts ( 8 reign1 let him seek x else:]e1
 if my advice may prevail4  ,! only     
pr(it a man c reap f ^! ,memoirs is 9 ! 
special n>rative ( battles & o!r        
exploits ( w> :]e9 ^! g5tlem5 7         
p]sonally engag$2 9 "s words & private  
actions ( ! pr9ces ( _! "t1 & 9 !       
treaties & negotiations c>ri$ on by !   
,seigneur de ,langey1 :]e !re are       
ev]y:]e ?+s wor?y to be kn[n1 &         
disc\rses above ! vulg> /ra94           
,,*apt] ,,xi  ,,( ,,cruelty  ,i fancy   
virtue to be some?+ else1 & some?+ m    
noble1 ?an good nature1 & ! m]e         
prop5sion to goodness1 t we are born    
into ! _w )al4  ,well-dispos$ &         
well-desc5d$ s\ls pursue1 inde$1 ! same 
me?ods1 & repres5t 9 _! actions ! same  
face t virtue itself does3 b ! ^w virtue
 imports1 ,i "k n :at1 m great & active 
?an m]ely = a man to suff] himself1 by a

 happy disposition1 to be g5tly &       
quietly drawn to ! rule ( reason4  ,he  
:o1 by a natural sweetness & facility1  
%\ld despise injuries receiv$1 w\ld     
d\btless d a v f9e & laudable ?+2 b he  
:o1 provok$ & nettl$ to ! quick by an   
(f5ce1 %\ld =tify himself ) ! arms (    
reason aga9/ ! furi\s appetite ( rev5ge1
 & aft] a great conflict1 ma/] 8 own    
passion1 w\ld c]ta9ly d a great deal m4 
,! fir/ w\ld d well2 ! latt] virtu\sly3 
"o action might be call$ goodness1 & !  
o!r virtue2 = me?9ks1 ! v "n ( virtue   
presupposes difficulty & cont5tion1 & _c
 be ex]cis$ )\t an oppon5t4  ',tis = ?is
 reason1 p]haps1 t we call ,god good1   
mighty1 lib]al & j2 b we d n call ,him  
virtu\s1 be+ t all ,8 op]ations are     
natural & )\t endeav\r4--,r\sseau1 9 8  
,emile1 book v41 adopts ?is passage     
almo/ 9 ! same words4-- ,x has be5 !    
op9ion ( _m philosoph]s1 n only ,/oics1 
b ,epicureans--& ?is addition--         
,montaigne /ops "h to make 8 excuse =   
?us nam+ !      ,epicureans ) ! ,/oics1 

9 con=mity to ! g5]al op9ion      t !   
,epicureans 7 n s rigid 9 _! morals z ! 
,/oics1      :i* is n true 9 ! ma91 z he
 demon/rates at "o view4  ,?is          
involv$ ,montaigne 9 a t$i\s p>5!sis1   
dur+ :i* x is      prop] t ! read] be   
att5tive1 t he may n entirely lose      
! ?read ( ! argum5t4  ,9 "s lat]        
editions ( ?is au?or1      x has be5    
attempt$ to rem$y ?is inconv5i5ce1 b )\t
      obs]v+ t ,montaigne's argum5t is  
r5d]$ m feeble &      obscure by su* va9
 repetitions3 x is a lic5ce t ought n to
      be tak51 because he :o publi%es ! 
"w ( ano!r1 ought to      give x z ! o!r
 compos$ ft4  ,b1 9 ,mr ,cotton's       
translation1      he 0 s puzzl$ ) ?is   
enorm\s p>5!sis t he has q      left x  
out--,co/e4  ,i borr[ f ! vulg> op9ion1 
:i* is false1 not)/&+ ! witty conceit ( 
,arcesilaus 9 answ] to "o1 :o1 be+      
reproa*$ t _m s*ol>s w5t f 8 s*ool to ! 
,epicurean1 b nev] any f !nce to 8      
s*ool1 said 9 answ]1 ,i believe x inde$2
 numb]s ( capons be+ made out ( cocks1 b

 nev] any cocks out ( capons4 --,diog5es
 ,la]tius1 ,life ( ,ar*esilaus1 lib4    
iv41 #dc4--;,=1 9 tru?1 ! ,epicurean    
sect is n at all inf]ior to ! ,/oic 9   
/ead9ess1 & ! rig\r ( op9ions &         
precepts4  ,& a c]ta9 ,/oic1 %[+ m      
hone/y ?an ^? disputants1 :o1 9 ord] to 
qu>rel ) ,epicurus1 & to ?r[ ! game into
 _! h&s1 make him say :at he nev] ?\ght1
 putt+ a wrong con/ruction ^u 8 words1  
clo?+ 8 s5t5ces1 by ! /rict rules (     
gramm>1 ) ano!r mean+1 & a diff]5t      
op9ion f t :i* !y knew he ent]ta9$ 9 8  
m9d & 9 8 morals1 ! ,/oic1 ,i say1      
decl>$ t he ab&on$ ! ,epicurean sect1 ^u
 ?is among o!r consid]ations1 t he ?\ght
 _! road too l(ty & inaccessible2       
,& ^? are call$ lov]s ( pleasure1 be+ 9 
effect      lov]s ( hon\r & ju/ice1 :o  
cultivate & obs]ve all      !           
virtues4--,cic]o1 ,ep4  ,fam41 xv4 i1   
#ai4  ,^! philosoph]s say t x is n en\gh
 to h ! s\l seat$ 9 a good place1 ( a   
good temp]1 & well dispos$ to virtue2 x 
is n en\gh to h our resolutions & our   

reason+ fix$ above all ! p[] ( =tune1 b 
t we are1 moreov]1 to seek occasions    
:]e9 to put !m to ! pro(3 !y w\ld seek  
pa91 necessity1 & contempt to cont5d )  
!m & to keep ! s\l 9 brea?3             
,multum sibi adjicit virtus lacessita4  
,virtue is mu* /r5g!n$ by combats4      
or3  ,virtue attack$ adds to its own    
=ce4                --,s5eca1 ,ep41 #ac4
  ',tis "o ( ! reasons :y ,epam9ondas1  
:o 0 yet ( a ?ird sect1 --,!            
,py?agorean4--refus$ ! ri*es =tune      
pres5t$ to him by v lawful means2       
because1 said he1 ,i am to cont5d )     
pov]ty1 9 :i* extreme he ma9ta9$ himself
 to ! la/4  ,socrates put himself1      
me?9ks1 ^u a rud] trial1 keep+ = 8      
ex]cise a conf\nd$ scold+ wife1 :i* 0   
fight+ at %>ps4  ,metellus hav+1 ( all !
 ,roman s5ators1 alone attempt$1 by !   
p[] ( virtue1 to )/& ! viol5ce (        
,saturn9us1 tribune ( ! p at ,rome1 :o  
w\ld1 by all means1 cause an unju/ law  
to pass 9 fav\r ( ! commons1 &1 by s    
do+1 hav+ incurr$ ! capital p5alties t  

,saturn9us _h e/abli%$ aga9/ !          
diss5ti5t1 ent]ta9$ ^? :o1 9 ?is        
extremity1 l$ him to execution ) words  
to ?is effect3 ,t x 0 a ?+ too easy &   
too base to d ill2 & t to d well :]e !re
 0 no dang] 0 a common ?+2 b t to d well
 :]e !re 0 dang] 0 ! prop] (fice ( a man
 ( virtue4  ,^! words ( ,metellus v     
cle>ly repres5t to u :at ,i w\ld make   
out1 viz41 t virtue refuses facility = a
 companion2 & t ! easy1 smoo?1 & desc5d+
 way by :i* ! regul> /eps ( a sweet     
disposition ( nature are conduct$ is n t
 ( a true virtue2 %e requires a r\gh &  
/ormy passage2 %e w h ei!r exotic       
difficulties to wre/le )1 l t (         
,metellus1 by means :]e( =tune delights 
to int]rupt ! spe$ ( h] c>e]1 or int]nal
 difficulties1 t ! inord9ate appetites &
 imp]fections ( our condition introduce 
to di/urb h]4  ,i am come ?us f> at my  
ease2 b "h x comes into my head t ! s\l 
( ,socrates1 ! mo/ p]fect t ev] came to 
my k1 %\ld by ?is rule be ( v little    
recomm5dation2 = ,i _c conceive 9 t     

p]son any ! lea/ motion ( a vici\s      
incl9ation3 ,i _c imag9e !re c\ld be any
 difficulty or con/ra9t 9 ! c\rse ( 8   
virtue3 ,i "k 8 reason to be s p[]ful & 
sov]eign ov] him t %e w\ld nev] h suff]$
 a vici\s appetite s mu* z to spr+ 9    
him4  ,to a virtue s elevat$ z 81 ,i h  
no?+ to oppose4  ,me?9ks ,i see him m>*1
 ) a victori\s & triumphant pace1 9 pomp
 & at 8 ease1 )\t opposition or         
di/urbance4  ,if virtue _c %9e bright1 b
 by ! conflict ( contr>y appetites1 %all
 we !n say t %e _c subsi/ )\t !         
assi/ance ( vice1 & t x is f h] t %e    
d]ives h] reputation & hon\r8  ,:at !n1 
also1 w\ld become ( t brave & g5]\s     
,epicurean pleasure1 :i* makes acc\nt t 
x n\ri%es virtue t5d]ly 9 h] lap1 & !re 
makes x play & wanton1 giv+ x = toys to 
play )al1 %ame1 fev]s1 pov]ty1 dea?1 &  
torm5ts8  ,if ,i presuppose t a p]fect  
virtue manife/s itself 9 cont5d+1 9     
pati5t endur+ ( pa91 & und]go+ ! utt]mo/
 extremity ( ! g\t2 )\t be+ mov$ 9 h]   
seat2 if ,i give h] tr\bles & difficulty

 = h] necess>y objects3 :at w become ( a
 virtue elevat$ to su* a degree1 z n    
only to despise pa91 b1 moreov]1 to     
rejoice 9 x1 & to be tickl$ ) ! ?roes ( 
a %>p colic1 su* z ! ,epicureans h      
e/abli%$1 & ( :i* _m ( !m1 by _!        
actions1 h giv5 mo/ manife/ pro(s8  ,z h
 sev]al o!rs1 :o ,i f9d to h surpass$ 9 
effects ev5 ! v rules ( _! discipl9e4   
,witness ! y\ng] ,cato3 ,:5 ,i see him  
die1 & te>+ out 8 own b[els1 ,i am n    
satisfi$ simply to believe t he _h !n 8 
s\l totally exempt f all tr\ble &       
horror3 ,i _c ?9k t he only ma9ta9$     
himself 9 ! /ead9ess t ! ,/oical rules  
prescrib$ him2 temp]ate1 )\t emotion1 & 
imp]turb$4  ,!re 01 me?9ks1 some?+ 9 !  
virtue ( ?is man too sprightly & fre% to
 /op !re2 ,i believe t1 )\t d\bt1 he    
felt a pleasure & delight 9 s noble an  
action1 & 0 m pleas$ 9 x ?an 9 any o!r (
 8 life3       ,sic abiit a vita1 ut    
causam mori5di nactum se esse gaud]et4  
,he quitt$ life rejoic+ t a reason = dy+
 _h aris54      --,cic]o1 ,tusc4        

,quaes41 i4 #cj4  ,i believe x s        
?or\ghly t ,i "q :e!r he w\ld h be5     
cont5t to h be5 depriv$ ( ! occasion ( s
 brave an exploit2 & if ! goodness t    
made him embrace ! public conc]n m ?an 8
 own1 )held me n1 ,i %\ld easily fall   
into an op9ion t he ?\ght himself oblig$
 to =tune = hav+ put 8 virtue ^u s brave
 a trial1 & = hav+ fav\r$ t             
!if--,caes>--9 tread+ und]foot ! anci5t 
lib]ty ( 8 c\ntry4  ,me?9ks ,i read 9   
?is action ,i "k n :at exaltation 9 8   
s\l1 & an extraord9>y & manly emotion ( 
pleasure1 :5 he look$ ^u ! g5]osity &   
height ( 8 ent]prise3                   
,delib]ate morte f]ocior1            ,! 
m c\rage\s f ! delib]ation to die4      
--,horace1 ,od41 i4 #cg1 #bi4  n        
/imulat$ ) any hope ( glory1 z ! popul> 
& effem9ate judgm5ts ( "s h conclud$ 7= 
t consid]ation 0 too mean & l[ to       
possess s g5]\s1 s haughty1 & s det]m9$ 
a he>t z 871 b = ! v beauty ( ! ?+ 9    
itself1 :i* he :o _h ! h&l+ ( ! spr+s   
disc]n$ m cle>ly & 9 its p]fection ?an  

we are able to d4  ,philosophy has      
oblig$ me 9 det]m9+ t s brave an action 
_h be5 indec5tly plac$ 9 any o!r life   
?an t ( ,cato2 & t x only app]ta9$ to 8 
to end s2 not)/&+1 & accord+ to reason1 
he comm&$ 8 son & ! s5ators :o          
accompani$ him to take ano!r c\rse 9 _! 
affairs3            ,catoni1 quum       
incr$ibilem natura tribuisset           
gravitatem1           eamque ipse       
p]petue con/antia roboravisset1 semp]que
           9 proposito consilio         
p]mansisset1 mori5dum potius1           
quam tyranni vultus aspici5dus1 erat4   
,cato1 :om nature _h giv5 incr$ible     
dignity1 :i* he _h      =tifi$ by       
p]petual con/ancy1 ev] rema9+ ( 8       
pr$et]m9$ op9ion1 pref]r$ to die r ?an  
to look      on ! c\nt5ance ( a         
tyrant4--,cic]o1 ,de ,(c41 i4 #ca4  ,e  
dea? ought to hold proportion ) ! life  
be=e x2 we d n become o!rs = dy+4  ,i   
always int]pret ! dea? by ! life prec$+2
 & if any "o tell me ( a dea? /rong &   
con/ant 9 appe>ance1 annex$ to a feeble 

life1 ,i conclude x produc$ by "s feeble
 cause1 & suitable to ! life be=e4  ,!  
eas9ess !n ( 8 dea? & ! facility ( dy+  
he _h acquir$ by ! vig\r ( 8 s\l2 %all  
we say t x ought to abate any?+ ( !     
lu/re ( 8 virtue8  ,& :o1 t has 8 bra9  
nev] s little t9ctur$ ) ! true          
philosophy1 c be cont5t to imag9e       
,socrates only free f fe> & passion 9 ! 
accid5t ( 8 prison1 fett]s1 &           
condemnation8 & t w n discov] 9 him n   
only firmness & con/ancy 7:i* 0 8 ord9>y
 condition71 b1 moreov]1 ,i "k n :at new
 satisfaction1 & a frolic *e]fulness 9 8
 la/ words & actions8 ,9 ! />t he gave )
 ! pleasure ( scrat*+ 8 leg :5 8 irons 7
 tak5 (f1 does he n discov] an equal    
s]5ity & joy 9 8 s\l = be+ fre$ f pa/   
inconv5i5ces1 & at ! same "t to ent]    
into ! k ( ! ?+s to come8  ,cato %all   
p>don me1 if he please2 8 dea? inde$ is 
m tragical & m l+]+2 b yet ?is is1 ,i "k
 n h[1 me?9ks1 f9]4  ,ari/ippus1 to "o t
 0 lam5t+ ?is dea?3 ,! gods grant me su*
 an "o1 said he4 ,a man disc]ns 9 ! s\l 

( ^! two great m5 & _! imitators 7= ,i v
 mu* d\bt :e!r !re 7 ev] _! equals7 s   
p]fect a habitude to virtue1 t x 0 turn$
 to a complexion4  ,x is no long] a     
labori\s virtue1 nor ! precepts (       
reason1 to ma9ta9 :i* ! s\l is s rack$1 
b ! v ess5ce ( _! s\l1 its natural &    
ord9>y habit2 !y h r5d]$ x su* by a long
 practice ( philosophical precepts hav+ 
lit ^u a ri* & f9e nature2 ! vici\s     
passions t spr+ 9 u c f9d no entrance   
into !m2 ! =ce & vig\r ( _! s\l /ifle & 
ext+ui% irregul> desires1 s soon z !y   
beg9 to move4  ,n[1 t x is n m noble1 by
 a high & div9e resolution1 to h9d] !   
bir? ( temptations1 & to be s =m$ to    
virtue1 t ! v se$s ( vice are root$ out1
 ?an to h9d] by ma9 =ce _! progress2 &1 
hav+ suff]$ ourselves to be surpris$ ) !
 fir/ motions ( ! passions1 to arm      
ourselves & to /& firm to oppose _!     
progress1 & ov]come !m2 & t ?is second  
effect is n also mu* m g5]\s ?an to be  
simply end[$ ) a facile & affable       
nature1 ( itself disaffect$ to debau*]y 

& vice1 ,i d n ?9k c be d\bt$2 = ?is    
?ird & la/ sort ( virtue seems to r5d] a
 man innoc5t1 b n virtu\s2 free f do+   
ill1 b n apt en\gh to d well3 consid]+  
also1 t ?is condition is s ne> neighb\r 
to imp]fection & c[>dice1 t ,i "k n v   
well h[ to sep>ate ! conf9es & di/+ui%  
!m3 ! v names ( goodness & innoc5ce are1
 = ?is reason1 9 "s sort gr[n into      
contempt4 ,i v well "k t sev]al virtues1
 z *a/ity1 sobriety1 & temp]ance1 may   
come to a man ?r\gh p]sonal defects4    
,con/ancy 9 dang]1 if x mu/ be s call$1 
! contempt ( dea?1 & pati5ce 9          
mis=tunes1 may (ttimes be f\nd 9 m5 =   
want ( well judg+ ( su* accid5ts1 & n   
appreh5d+ !m = su* z !y are4  ,want (   
appreh5sion & /upidity sometimes        
c\nt]feit virtu\s effects z ,i h (t5 se5
 x happ51 t m5 h be5 comm5d$ = :at      
really m]it$ blame4  ,an ,italian "l    
once said ?is1 9 my pres5ce1 to !       
disadvantage ( 8 own nation3 t !        
subtlety ( ! ,italians1 & ! vivacity (  
_! conceptions 7 s great1 & !y =esaw !  

dang]s & accid5ts t might befall !m s f>
 (f1 t x 0 n to be ?\ght /range1 if !y 7
 (t51 9 w>1 obs]v$ to provide = _!      
safety1 ev5 be=e !y _h discov]$ ! p]il2 
t we ,fr5* & ! ,spani>ds1 :o 7 n s      
cunn+1 w5t on fur!r1 & t we mu/ be made 
to see & feel ! dang] be=e we w\ld take 
! al>m2 b t ev5 !n we c\ld n /ick to x4 
,b ! ,g]mans & ,swiss1 m gross & heavy1 
_h n ! s5se to look ab\t !m1 ev5 :5 !   
bl[s 7 fall+ ab\t _! e>s4  ,p]adv5ture1 
he only talk$ s = mir?'s sake2 & yet x  
is mo/ c]ta9 t 9 w> raw soldi]s ru% into
 dang]s ) m precipitancy ?an aft] !y h  
be5 cudgell$99--7,! orig9al has         
es*auldex--scald$7           ,haud      
ign>us 4  4  4  4  quantum nova gloria 9
 armis1           ,et pra$ulce decus1   
primo c]tam9e possit4       ,n ignorant 
h[ mu* p[] ! fre% glory ( arms & sweete/
      hon\r possess 9 ! fir/            
conte/4--,a,eneid1 xi4 #aed  ,= ?is     
reason x is t1 :5 we judge ( a p>ticul> 
action1 we are to consid] !             
circum/ances1 & ! :ole man by :om x is  

p]=m$1 be=e we give x a "n4  ,to in/ance
 9 myself3 ,i h sometimes kn[n my fri5ds
 call t prud5ce 9 me1 :i* 0 m]ely =tune2
 & repute t c\rage & pati5ce1 :i* 0     
judgm5t & op9ion2 & attribute to me "o  
title = ano!r1 sometimes to my advantage
 & sometimes o!rwise4  ,z to ! re/1 ,i  
am s f> f be+ arriv$ at ! fir/ & mo/    
p]fect degree ( excell5ce1 :]e virtue is
 turn$ into habit1 t ev5 ( ! second ,i h
 made no great pro(s4  ,i h n be5 v     
solicit\s to curb ! desires by :i* ,i h 
be5 importun$4  ,my virtue is a virtue1 
or r an innoc5ce1 casual & accid5tal4   
,if ,i _h be5 born ( a m irregul>       
complexion1 ,i am afraid ,i %\ld h made 
scurvy "w2 = ,i nev] obs]v$ any great   
/ability 9 my s\l to resi/ passions1 if 
!y 7 nev] s little vehem5t3 ,i "k n h[  
to n\ri% qu>rels & debates 9 my own     
bosom1 &1 consequ5tly1 owe myself no    
great ?anks t ,i am free f sev]al vices3
                ,si vitiis m$iocribus et
 mea paucis                ,m5dosa e/   
natura1 alioqui recta1 velut si         

,egregio insp]sos repreh5das corpore    
naevos3       ,if my nature be disfigur$
 only ) slight & few vices1 & is        
o!rwise j1 x is z if y %\ld blame moles 
on a fair body4      --,horatius1 ,sat41
 i4 #f1 #fe4  ,i owe x r to my =tune ?an
 my reason4  ,%e has caus$ me to be     
desc5d$ ( a race fam\s = integrity & ( a
 v good fa!r2 ,i "k n :e!r or no he has 
infus$ into me "p ( 8 hum\rs1 or :e!r   
dome/ic examples & ! good education ( my
 infancy h ins5sibly assi/$ 9 ! "w1 or1 
if ,i 0 o!rwise born s3                 
,seu ,libra1 seu me ,scorpius adspicit  
,=midolosus1 p>s viol5tior              
,natalis hors1 seu tyrannus             
,hesp]ive ,capricornus undae3           
,:e!r ! ,balance or dread ,scorpio1 m   
pot5t ov] my natal      h\r1 aspects me1
 or ,capricorn1 supreme ov] ! ,hesp]ian 
sea4      --,horace1 ,od41 ii4 #aag4  b 
s x is1 t ,i h naturally a horror = mo/ 
vices4  ,! answ] ( ,anti/h5es to him :o 
ask$ him1 :i* 0 ! be/ appr5tice%ip to   
unle>n evil1 seems to po9t at ?is4  ,i h

 !m 9 horror1 ,i say1 ) a dete/ation s  
natural1 & s mu* my own1 t ! same in/9ct
 & impression ,i br\ght ( !m ) me f my  
nurse1 ,i yet reta91 & no temptation    
:atev] has _h ! p[] to make me alt] x4  
,n s mu* z my own disc\rses1 :i* 9 "s   
?+s la%+ out ( ! common road might seem 
easily to lic5se me to actions t my     
natural incl9ation makes me hate4  ,i w 
say a prodigi\s ?+1 b ,i w say x1 h[ev]3
 ,i f9d myself 9 _m ?+s m "u reputation 
by my mann]s ?an by my op9ion1 & my     
concupisc5ce less debau*$ ?an my reason4
  ,ari/ippus in/itut$ op9ions s bold 9  
fav\r ( pleasure & ri*es z set all !    
philosoph]s aga9/ him3 b z to 8 mann]s1 
,dionysius ! tyrant1 hav+ pres5t$ ?ree  
beautiful wom5 be=e him1 to take 8      
*oice2 he made answ]1 t he w\ld *oose !m
 all1 & t ,p>is got himself into tr\ble 
= hav+ pref]r$ "o be=e ! o!r two3 b1    
hav+ tak5 !m home to 8 h\se1 he s5t !m  
back unt\*$4  ,8 s]vant f9d+ himself    
ov]lad5 ^u ! way1 ) ! money he c>ri$    
aft] him1 he ord]$ him to p\r out & ?r[ 

away t :i* tr\bl$ him4  ,& ,epicurus1 ^:
 doctr9es 7 s irreligi\s & effem9ate1 0 
9 8 life v labori\s & dev\t2 he wrote to
 a fri5d ( 8 t he liv$ only ^u biscuit &
 wat]1 entreat+ him to s5d him a little 
*eese1 to lie by him aga9/ he _h a m9d  
to make a fea/4  ,mu/ x be true1 t to be
 a p]fect good man1 we mu/ be s by an   
occult1 natural1 & univ]sal propriety1  
)\t law1 reason1 or example8  ,!        
debau*es :]e9 ,i h be5 engag$1 h n be51 
,i ?ank ,god1 ( ! wor/ sort1 & ,i h     
condemn$ !m 9 myself1 = my judgm5t 0    
nev] infect$ by !m2 on ! contr>y1 ,i    
accuse !m m sev]ely 9 myself ?an 9 any  
o!r2 b t is all1 =1 z to ! re/4  ,i     
oppose too little resi/ance & suff]     
myself to incl9e too mu* to ! o!r side (
 ! balance1 except+ t ,i mod]ate !m1 &  
prev5t !m f mix+ ) o!r vices1 :i* = !   
mo/ "p w cl+ toge!r1 if a man h n a c>e4
  ,i h contract$ & curtail$ m9e1 to make
 !m z s+le & z simple z ,i c3           
,nec ultra                     ,errorem 
foveo4                 ,nor d ,i *]i%   

error fur!r4                or3 ,nor    
c>ry wrong fur!r4                       
--,juv5al1 viii4 #afd4  ,= z to ! op9ion
 ( ! ,/oics1 :o say1 ,t ! wise man :5 he
 works1 works by all ! virtues toge!r1  
?\gh "o be mo/ app>5t1 accord+ to !     
nature ( ! action2 & h]e9 ! similitude (
 a human body might s]ve !m some:at1 = !
 action ( ang] _c "w1 unless all !      
hum\rs assi/ x1 ?\gh *ol] pr$om9ate2    
--if !y w !nce draw a l consequ5ce1 t :5
 ! wick$ man does wick$ly1 he does x by 
all ! vices toge!r1 ,i d n believe x to 
be s1 or else ,i und]/& !m n1 = ,i by   
effect f9d ! contr>y4  ,^! are %>p1     
unsub/antial subleties1 ) :i* philosophy
 sometimes amuses itself4  ,i foll[ "s  
vices1 b ,i fly o!rs z mu* z a sa9t w\ld
 d4  ,! ,p]ipatetics also dis[n ?is     
indissoluble connection2 & ,ari/otle is 
( op9ion t a prud5t & j man may be      
intemp]ate & inconsi/5t4  ,socrates     
confess$ to "s :o _h discov]$ a c]ta9   
incl9ation to vice 9 8 physiognomy1 t x 
01 9 tru?1 8 natural prop5sion1 b t he  

_h by discipl9e correct$ x4  ,& su* z 7 
famili> ) ! philosoph] ,/ilpo said1 t   
be+ born ) addiction to w9e & wom51 he  
_h by /udy r5d]$ himself v ab/95t bo? f 
! "o & ! o!r4  ,:at ,i h 9 me ( good1 ,i
 h1 q contr>y1 by ! *ance ( my bir?2 &  
hold x n ei!r by law1 precept1 or any   
o!r in/ruction2 ! innoc5ce t is 9 me is 
a simple "o2 little vig\r & no art4     
,among/ o!r vices1 ,i mortally hate     
cruelty1 bo? by nature & judgm5t1 z ! v 
extreme ( all vices3 nay1 ) s mu*       
t5d]ness t ,i _c see a *ick5's neck     
pull$ (f )\t tr\ble1 & _c )\t impati5ce 
endure ! cry ( a h>e 9 my dog's tee?1   
?\gh ! *ase be a viol5t pleasure4  ,su* 
z h s5suality to enc\nt]1 freely make   
use ( ?is argum5t1 to %ew t x is        
altoge!r vici\s & unreasonable2 t :5 x  
is at ! height1 x ma/]s u to t degree t 
a man's reason c h no access1 & in/ance 
our own exp]i5ce 9 ! act ( love1        
,quum jam praesagit gaudia corpus1      
,atque 9 eo e/ ,v5us1                   
ut muliebria cons]at arva4       ,none (

 ! translators ( ! old editions us$ =   
?is etext      h be5 will+ to translate 
?is passage f ,lucretius1 iv4           
#ajii2 !y take a cop out by ba%fully    
say+3 ,! s5se is 9 !      prec$+ passage
 ( ! text4  ,d4,w4  :]e9 !y conceive t !
 pleasure s transports u1 t our reason  
_c p]=m its (fice1 :il/ we are 9 su*    
ec/asy & rapture4  ,i "k v well x may be
 o!rwise1 & t a man may sometimes1 if he
 w1 ga9 ?is po9t ov] himself to sway 8  
s\l1 ev5 9 ! critical mom5t1 to ?9k (   
some?+ else2 b !n he mu/ ply x to t b5t4
 ,i "k t a man may triumph ov] ! utmo/  
ef=t ( ?is pleasure3 ,i h exp]i5c$ x 9  
myself1 & h n f\nd ,v5us s imp]i\s a    
goddess1 z _m1 & mu* m virtu\s m5 ?an   
,i1 decl>e4  ,i d n consid] x a miracle1
 z ! ,que5 ( ,nav>re does 9 "o ( !      
,tales ( h] ,heptam]on--,vu g5til liure 
p\r son e/(fe4--7:i* is a v pretty book 
( its k9d71 nor = a ?+ ( extreme        
difficulty1 to pass :ole nights1 :]e a  
man has all ! conv5i5ce & lib]ty he c   
desire1 ) a long-covet$ mi/ress1 & yet  

be true to ! pl$ge fir/ giv5 to satisfy 
himself ) kisses & su*like ende>m5ts1   
)\t press+ any fur!r4  ,i conceive t !  
example ( ! pleasure ( ! *ase w\ld be m 
prop]2 :]e9 ?\gh ! pleasure be less1 !re
 is ! high] excitem5t ( unexpect$ joy1  
giv+ no "t = ! reason1 tak5 by surprise1
 to prep>e itself = ! enc\nt]1 :5 aft] a
 long que/ ! bea/ />ts up on a sudd5 9 a
 place :]e1 p]adv5ture1 we lea/ expect$ 
x2 ! %ock & ! ard\r ( ! %\ts & cries ( !
 hunt]s s /rike u1 t x w\ld be h>d = ^? 
:o love ?is less] *ase1 to turn _!      
?\ghts ^u ! in/ant ano!r way2 & ! poets 
make ,diana triumph ov] ! tor* & %afts (
 ,cupid3                ,quis non       
mal>um1 quas amor curas habet1          
,haec int] obliviscitur8       ,:o1     
among/ su* delights w\ld n remove out ( 
8 ?\ghts      ! anxi\s c>es (           
love4--,horace1 ,epod41 ii4 #cg4  ,to   
return to :at ,i 0 say+ be=e1 ,i am     
t5d]ly compassionate ( o!rs'            
afflictions1 & %\ld readily cry =       
company1 if1 ^u any occasion :atev]1 ,i 

c\ld cry at all4  ,no?+ tempts my te>s b
 te>s1 & n only ^? t are real & true1 b 
:atev] !y are1 feign$ or pa9t$4  ,i d n 
mu* lam5t ! dead1 & %\ld envy !m r2 b ,i
 v mu* lam5t ! dy+4  ,! savages d n s   
mu* (f5d me1 9 roa/+ & eat+ ! bodies ( !
 dead1 z !y d :o torm5t & p]secute !    
liv+4  ,nay1 ,i _c look s mu* z ^u !    
ord9>y executions ( ju/ice1 h[          
reasonable soev]1 ) a /eady eye4 ,"s "o 
hav+ to give te/imony ( ,julius ,caes>'s
 clem5cy2 he 01 says he1 mild 9 8       
rev5ges4  ,hav+ compell$ ! pirates to   
yield by :om he _h be=e be5 tak5 prison]
 & put to ransom2 =asmu* z he _h ?reat5$
 !m ) ! cross1 he inde$ condemn$ !m to  
x1 b x 0 aft] !y _h be5 fir/ /rangl$4   
,he puni%$ 8 secret>y ,philemon1 :o _h  
attempt$ to poison him1 ) no great]     
sev]ity ?an m]e dea?4  ,)\t nam+ t ,lat9
 au?or1--,suetonius1 ,life ( ,casay1 c4 
#gd4--:o ?us d>es to allege z a te/imony
 ( m]cy ! kill+ only ( ^? by :om we h   
be5 (f5d$2 x is easy to guess t he 0    
/ruck ) ! horrid & inhuman examples (   

cruelty practis$ by ! ,roman tyrants4   
,= my "p1 ev5 9 ju/ice itself1 all t    
exce$s a simple dea? appe>s to me pure  
cruelty2 especially 9 u :o ought1 hav+  
reg>d to _! s\ls1 to dismiss !m 9 a good
 & calm condition2 :i* _c be1 :5 we h   
agitat$ !m by insuff]able torm5ts4  ,n  
long s9ce1 a soldi] :o 0 a prison]1     
p]ceiv+ f a t[] :]e he 0 %ut up1 t ! p  
began to assemble to ! place (          
execution1 & t ! c>p5t]s 7 busy erect+ a
 scaffold1 he pres5tly conclud$ t !     
prep>ation 0 = him1 & !re=e ent]$ into a
 resolution to kill himself1 b c\ld f9d 
no in/rum5t to assi/ him 9 8 design     
except an old ru/y c>t-nail t =tune     
pres5t$ to him2 ) ?is he fir/ gave      
himself two great w\nds ab\t 8 ?roat1 b 
f9d+ ^! w\ld n d1 he pres5tly aft]w>ds  
gave himself a ?ird 9 ! belly1 :]e he   
left ! nail /ick+ up to ! head4  ,! fir/
 ( 8 keep]s :o came 9 f\nd him 9 ?is    
condition3 yet alive1 b sunk d[n &      
exhau/$ by 8 w\nds4  ,to make use ( "t1 
!re=e1 be=e he %\ld die1 !y made ha/e to

 read 8 s5t5ce2 :i* hav+ done1 & he he>+
 t he 0 only condemn$ to be behead$1 he 
seem$ to take new c\rage1 accept$ w9e   
:i* he _h be=e refus$1 & ?ank$ 8 judges 
= ! unhop$-= mildness ( _! s5t5ce2 say+1
 t he _h tak5 a resolution to despat*   
himself = fe> ( a m sev]e &             
insupportable dea?1 hav+ ent]ta9$ an    
op9ion1 by ! prep>ations he _h se5 9 !  
place1 t !y 7 resolv$ to torm5t him ) "s
 horrible execution1 & seem$ to be      
deliv]$ f dea? 9 hav+ x *ang$ f :at he  
appreh5d$4  ,i %\ld advise t ^? examples
 ( sev]ity by :i* 'tis design$ to reta9 
! p 9 _! duty1 might be ex]cis$ ^u !    
dead bodies ( crim9als2 = to see !m     
depriv$ ( sepulture1 to see !m boil$ &  
divid$ into qu>t]s1 w\ld almo/ "w z mu* 
^u ! vulg>1 z ! pa9 !y make ! liv+      
endure2 ?\gh t 9 effect be little or    
no?+1 z ,god himself says1 ,:o kill !   
body1 & aft] t h no m t !y c d2--,luke1 
xii4  #d4--;& ! poets s+ul>ly dwell ^u !
 horrors ( ?is picture1 z some?+ worse  
?an dea?3           ,heu6 reliquias     

semiu/as regis1 d5udatis ossibus1       
,p] t]ram sanie delibutas fo$e divex>i]4
       ,alas6 t ! half-burnt rema9s ( ! 
k+1 expos+ 8 bones1      %\ld be f\lly  
dragg$ along ! gr\nd besme>$ ) gore4    
--,cic]o1 ,tusc4 ,quaes41 i4 #dd4  ,i   
happ5$ to come by "o day accid5tally at 
,rome1 j z !y 7 ^u execut+ ,cat5a1 a    
notori\s robb]3 he 0 /rangl$ )\t any    
emotion ( ! spectators1 b :5 !y came to 
cut him 9 qu>t]s1 ! hangman gave n a bl[
 t ! p did n foll[ ) a doleful cry &    
exclamation1 z if e "o _h l5t 8 s5se (  
feel+ to ! mis]able c>case4  ,^? inhuman
 excesses ought to be ex]cis$ ^u ! b>k1 
& n ^u ! quick4  ,artax]xes1 9 almo/ a l
 case1 mod]at$ ! sev]ity ( ! anci5t laws
 ( ,p]sia1 orda9+ t ! nobility :o _h    
committ$ a fault1 in/ead ( be+ :ipp$1 z 
!y 7 us$ to be1 %\ld be /ripp$ only & _!
 clo!s :ipp$ = !m2 & t :]eas !y 7 wont  
to te> (f _! hair1 !y %\ld only take (f 
_! high-cr[n$ ti>a4'--,plut>*1 ,notable 
,say+s ( ! ,anci5t ,k+4--,! s dev\t     
,egyptians ?\ght !y suffici5tly satisfi$

 ! div9e ju/ice by sacrific+ hogs 9     
effigy & repres5tation2 a bold inv5tion 
to pay ,god s ess5tial a sub/ance 9     
picture only & 9 %[4  ,i live 9 a "t    
:]e9 we ab\nd 9 incr$ible examples ( ?is
 vice1 ?r\gh ! lic5ce ( our civil w>s2 &
 we see no?+ 9 anci5t hi/ories m extreme
 ?an :at we h pro( ( e day1 b ,i _c1 any
 ! m1 get us$ to x4  ,i c\ld h>dly      
p]suade myself1 be=e ,i saw x ) my eyes1
 t !re c\ld be f\nd s\ls s cruel & fell1
 :o1 = ! sole pleasure ( murd]1 w\ld    
commit x2 w\ld hack & lop (f ! limbs (  
o!rs2 %>p5 _! wits to inv5t unusual     
torm5ts & new k9ds ( dea?1 )\t hatr$1   
)\t pr(it1 & = no o!r end b only to     
enjoy ! pleasant spectacle ( ! ge/ures &
 motions1 ! lam5table groans & cries ( a
 man dy+ 9 angui%4  ,= ?is is ! utmo/   
po9t to :i* cruelty c arrive3           
,ut homo hom9em1 non iratus1 non tim5s1 
tantum spectaturus1 occidat4       ,t a 
man %\ld kill a man1 n be+ angry1 n 9   
fe>1 only      = ! sake ( !             
spectacle4--,s5eca1 ,ep41 #ij4  ,= my   

own "p1 ,i _c )\t grief see s mu* z an  
innoc5t bea/ pursu$ & kill$ t has no    
def5ce1 & f :i* we h receiv$ no (f5ce at
 all2 & t :i* frequ5tly happ5s1 t ! /ag 
we hunt1 f9d+ himself weak & out (      
brea?1 & see+ no o!r rem$y1 surr5d]s    
himself to u :o pursue him1 implor+ m]cy
 by 8 te>s3                             
,que/uque cru5tus1                      
,atque imploranti similis1              
,:o1 ble$+1 by 8 te>s seems to crave    
m]cy4           --,a,enead1 vii4 #eja4  
has ev] be5 to me a v unpleas+ sight2 & 
,i h>dly ev] take a bea/ alive t ,i d n 
pres5tly turn out aga94  ,py?agoras     
b\ght !m ( fi%]m5 & f[l]s to d ! same3  
,primoque a ca$e f]>um1                 
,incaluisse puto maculatum sangu9e      
f]rum4        ,i ?9k 'twas slaught] (   
wild bea/s t fir/ /a9$ !      /eel ( man
 ) blood4--,ovid1 ,met41 xv4 #ajf4  ,^? 
natures t are sangu9>y t[>ds bea/s      
discov] a natural pron5ess to cruelty4  
,aft] !y _h accu/om$ !mselves at ,rome  
to spectacles ( ! slaught] ( animals1 !y

 proce$$ to ^? ( ! slaught] ( m51 (     
gladiators4  ,nature has h]self1 ,i fe>1
 impr9t$ 9 man a k9d ( in/9ct to        
inhumanity2 nobody takes pleasure 9 see+
 bea/s play ) & c>ess "o ano!r1 b e "o  
is delight$ ) see+ !m dismemb]1 & te> "o
 ano!r to pieces4  ,& t ,i may n be     
laugh$ at = ! sympa?y ,i h ) !m1 !ology 
itself enjo9s u "s fav\r 9 _! behalf2 & 
consid]+ t "o & ! same ma/] has lodg$ u 
toge!r 9 ?is palace = 8 s]vice1 & t !y1 
z well z we1 are ( 8 family1 x has      
reason to enjo9 u "s affection & reg>d  
to !m4  ,py?agoras borr[$ !             
metempsy*osis f ! ,egyptians2 b x has   
s9ce be5 receiv$ by sev]al nations1 &   
p>ticul>ly by our ,druids3              
,morte c>5t animae2 semp]que1 priore    
relicts           ,s$e1 novis domibus   
vivunt1 habitantque receptae4           
,s\ls nev] die1 b1 hav+ left _! =m]     
seat1 live      & are receiv$ into new  
homes4--,ovid1 ,met41 xv4 #aeh4  ,!     
religion ( our anci5t ,gauls ma9ta9$ t  
s\ls1 be+ et]nal1 nev] ceas$ to remove &

 %ift _! places f "o body to ano!r2 mix+
 moreov] ) ?is fancy "s consid]ation (  
div9e ju/ice2 = accord+ to ! deportm5ts 
( ! s\l1 :il/ x _h be5 9 ,alex&]1 !y    
said t ,god assign$ x ano!r body to     
inhabit1 m or less pa9ful1 & prop] = its
 condition3                             
,muta f]>um                ,cogit v9cla 
pati2 trucul5tos +]it ursis1            
,pra$onesque lupis2 fallaces vulpibus   
addit3                ,atque ubi p]     
v>ios annos1 p] mille figuras           
,egit1 ,le?aeo purgatos flum9e1 t&em    
,rursus ad humanae revocat primordia    
=mae3       ,he makes !m we> ! sil5t    
*a9s ( brutes1 ! blood?ir/y      s\ls he
 encloses 9 be>s1 ! ?ieves 9 wolves1 !  
deceiv]s 9      foxes2 :]e1 aft]        
successive ye>s & a ?\s& =ms1 man _h    
sp5t 8 life1 & aft] purgation 9 ,le!'s  
flood1 at la/ he      re/ores !m to !   
primordial human %apes4                 
--,claudian1 ,9 ,ruf41 ii4 #dhb4  ,if x 
_h be5 valiant1 he lodg$ x 9 ! body ( a 
lion2 if voluptu\s1 9 t ( a hog2 if     

timor\s1 9 t ( a h>t or h>e2 if         
malici\s1 9 t ( a fox1 & s ( ! re/1 till
 hav+ purifi$ x by ?is *a/isem5t1 x aga9
 ent]$ into ! body ( "s o!r man3        
,ipse ego nam mem9i1 ,trojani1 tempore  
belli                ,pan?oides         
,euphorbus eram4       ,= ,i myself     
rememb] t1 9 ! days ( ! ,trojan w>1 ,i 0
      ,euphorbus1 son ( ,pan!us4--,ovid1
 ,met41 xv4 #afj2 & see ,diog5es        
,la]tius1 ,life ( ,py?agoras4  ,z to !  
relation%ip betwixt u & bea/s1 ,i d n   
mu* admit ( x2 nor ( t :i* sev]al       
nations1 & ^? among ! mo/ anci5t & mo/  
noble1 h practis$1 :o h n only receiv$  
brutes into _! society & companion%ip1 b
 h giv5 !m a rank inf9itely above       
!mselves1 e/eem+ !m "o :ile famili>s &  
fav\rites ( ! gods1 & hav+ !m 9 m ?an   
human rev]5ce & respect2 o!rs ackn[l$g$ 
no o!r god or div9ity ?an !y3           
,bellux a b>b>is propt] b5eficium       
consecratae4       ,bea/s1 out ( op9ion 
( "s b5efit receiv$ by !m1 7            
consecrat$ by b>b>ians--,cic]o1 ,de     

,natura ,deor41 i4 #cf4                 
,crocodilon adorat                ,p>s  
haec2 illa pavet saturam s]p5tibus ib93 
,effigies sacri hic nitet aurea         
c]copi!ci2                              
,hic piscem flum9ts1 illic              
,oppida tota canem v5]antur4       ,?is 
place adores ! crocodile2 ano!r dreads !
 ibis1 fe$]      on s]p5ts2 "h %9es !   
gold5 image ( ! sacr$ ape2 "h      m5   
v5]ate ! fi% ( ! riv]2 !re :ole t[ns    
wor%ip a      dog4--,juv5al1 xv4 #b4  ,&
 ! v int]pretation t ,plut>*1 gives to  
?is error1 :i* is v well conceiv$1 is   
advantage\s to !m3 = he says t x 0 n !  
cat or ! ox1 = example1 t ! ,egyptians  
ador$3 b t !y1 9 ^? bea/s1 ador$ "s     
image ( ! div9e faculties2 9 ?is1       
pati5ce & utility3 9 t1 vivacity1 or1 z 
) our neighb\rs ! ,burgundians & all !  
,g]mans1 impati5ce to see !mselves %ut  
up2 by :i* !y repres5t$ lib]ty1 :i* !y  
lov$ & ador$ above all o!r godlike      
attributes1 & s ( ! re/4  ,b :51 among/ 
! m mod]ate op9ions1 ,i meet ) argum5ts 

t endeav\r to demon/rate ! ne>          
resemblance betwixt u & animals1 h[ l>ge
 a %>e !y h 9 our greate/ privileges1 & 
) h[ mu* probability !y comp>e u toge!r1
 truly ,i abate a great deal ( our      
presumption1 & will+ly resign t imag9>y 
sov]eignty t is attribut$ to u ov] o!r  
creatures4  ,b suppos+ all ?is 7 n true1
 !re is nev]!less a c]ta9 respect1 a    
g5]al duty ( humanity1 n only to bea/s t
 h life & s5se1 b ev5 to trees1 &       
plants4  ,we owe ju/ice to m51 &        
graci\sness & b5ignity to o!r creatures 
t are capable ( x2 !re is a c]ta9       
comm]ce & mutual obligation betwixt !m &
 u4 ,nor %all ,i be afraid to confess ! 
t5d]ness ( my nature s *ildi%1 t ,i _c  
well refuse to play ) my dog1 :5 he !   
mo/ unseasonably importunes me to d s4  
,! ,turks h alms & hospitals = bea/s4   
,! ,romans _h public c>e to ! n\ri%m5t (
 geese1 by ^: vigilance _! ,capitol _h  
be5 pres]v$4  ,! ,a!nians made a decree 
t ! mules & moyls :i* _h s]v$ at !      
build+ ( ! temple call$ ,hecatomp$on    

%\ld be free & suff]$ to pa/ure at _!   
own *oice1 )\t h9drance4  ,! ,agrig5t9es
  _h a common use solemnly to int] !    
bea/s !y _h a k9dness =1 z horses ( "s  
r>e quality1 dogs1 & useful birds1 & ev5
 ^? t _h only be5 kept to div]t _!      
*ildr52 & ! magnific5ce t 0 ord9>y ) !m 
9 all o!r ?+s1 also p>ticul>ly appe>$ 9 
! sumptuosity & numb]s ( monum5ts erect$
 to ?is end1 & :i* rema9$ 9 _! beauty   
sev]al ages aft]4  ,! ,egyptians buri$  
wolves1 be>s1 crocodiles1 dogs1 & cats 9
 sacr$ places1 embalm$ _! bodies1 & put 
on m\rn+ at _! dea?4  ,cimon gave an    
hon\rable sepulture to ! m>es ) :i* he  
_h ?ree times ga9$ ! prize ( ! c\rse at 
! ,olympic ,games4  ,! anci5t ,xantippus
 caus$ 8 dog to be int]r$ on an em95ce  
ne> ! sea1 :i* has ev] s9ce reta9$ ! "n1
 & ,plut>* says1 t he _h a scruple ab\t 
sell+ = a small pr(it to ! slaught]] an 
ox t _h be5 long 9 8 s]vice4            
,,etext ,,editor',s ,,bookm>ks3       ,a
 little *eese :5 a m9d to make a fea/   
,a ^w ill tak5 oblit]ates t5 ye>s' m]it 

,cato said3 ,s _m s]vants1 s _m enemies 
,*]i% !mselves mo/ :]e !y are mo/ wrong 
,condemn all viol5ce 9 ! education ( a  
t5d] s\l      ,cruelty is ! v extreme ( 
all vices      ,disguise1 by _!         
abridgm5ts & at _! own *oice            
,epicurus      ,flatt]] 9 y\r old age or
 9 y\r sickness      ,he felt a pleasure
 & delight 9 s noble an action      ,he 
judg$ o!r m5 by himself      ,i _c well 
refuse to play ) my dog      ,i d n mu* 
lam5t ! dead1 & %\ld envy !m r      ,i  
_h r be old a brief "t1 ?an be old be=e 
old age      ,i owe x r to my =tune ?an 
my reason      ,incl9e ! hi/ory to _!   
own fancy      ,x 7my books7 may "k _m  
?+s t are gone f me      ,k & tru? may  
be 9 u )\t judgm5t      ,le>n ! !ory f  
^? :o be/ "k ! practice      ,lov$ !m = 
our sport1 l monkeys1 & n z m5          
,motive to "s vici\s occasion or "s     
prospect ( pr(it      ,my books3 f me   
hold t :i* ,i h n reta9$      ,my dog   
unseasonably importunes me to play      
,my innoc5ce is a simple "o2 little     

vig\r & no art4      ,nev] obs]v$ any   
great /ability 9 my s\l to resi/        
passions      ,no?+ tempts my te>s b    
te>s      ,omit1 z incr$ible1 su* ?+s z 
!y d n und]/&      ,on all occasions to 
contradict & oppose      ,only desire to
 become m wise1 n m le>n$ or eloqu5t    
,passion ( d&l+ & c>ess+ infants sc>cely
 born      ,p]fection3 b ,i w n buy x s 
de> z x co/s      ,plato w h nobody m>ry
 be=e ?irty      ,prud5t & j man may be 
intemp]ate & inconsi/5t      ,pu]ile    
simplicities ( our *ildr5      ,%elt] my
 own weakness "u ^! great reputations   
,socrates kept a conf\nd$ scold+ wife   
,! au?ors1 ) :om ,i conv]se      ,!re is
 no recomp5se becomes virtue      ,to d 
well :]e !re 0 dang] 0 ! prop] (fice    
,to :om no "o is ill :o c be good8      
,turks h alms & hospitals = bea/s       
,vices w cl+ toge!r1 if a man h n a c>e 
,virtue is mu* /r5g!n$ by combats       
,virtue refuses facility = a companion