,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ix4--7,frontispiece--,vol4 ,v47 ,,trac]y ,,f ,,! ,,campanile ,,( ,,giotto ,,at ,,flor5ce4 ,illu/rat$ ,cab9et ,edition ,! ,sev5 ,lamps ( ,ar*itecture ,lectures on ,ar*itecture & ,pa9t+ ,! ,/udy ( ,ar*itecture by ,john ,rusk9 ,illu/ration ,bo/on ,dana ,e/es ,company ,publi%]s ,,cont5ts4 ,,sev5 ,,lamps ,,( ,,ar*itecture4 ,,page ,,preface #e ,,introduction #i ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,lamp ,,( ,,sacrifice #ae ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,lamp ,,( ,,tru? #cd ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,lamp ,,( ,,p[] #fi ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,lamp ,,( ,,beauty #ajj ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,lamp ,,( ,,life #adb ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,lamp ,,( ,,memory #afg ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,lamp ,,( ,,ob$i5ce #ahh ,,notes #bjc ,,lectures ,,on ,,ar*itecture ,,& ,,pa9t+ ,,preface #bac ,,lecture ,i4 #bag ,,lecture ,,ii4 #bdh ,,add5da to ,lectures ,i4 & ,,ii4 #bgj ,,lecture ,,iii4 ,turn] & 8 ,works #bhg ,,lecture ,,iv4 ,pre-,raphaelitism #caa ,,add5da to ,lecture ,,iv4 #ccd ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,ar*itecture4 ,,an ,,inquiry ,,into ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,ar*itecture #cci ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,,sev5 ,,lamps ,,( ,,ar*itecture ,,plate ,,page ,i4 ,,ornam5ts ,,f ,,r\51 ,,/4 ,,lo1 ,,& ,,v5ice #cc ,,ii4 ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,( ,,/4 ,,lo1 ,,norm&y #ee ,,iii4 ,,trac]ies ,,f ,,ca51 ,,bayeux1 ,,r\5 ,,& ,,beavais #fj ,,iv4 ,,int]sectional ,,m\ld+s #ff ,v4 ,,capital ,,f ,,! ,,l[] ,,arcade ,,( ,,! ,,doge',s ,,palace1 ,,v5ice #hh ,,vi4 ,,ar* ,,f ,,! ,,facade ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,san ,,mi*ele ,,at ,,lucca #ij ,,vii4 ,,pi]c$ ,,ornam5ts ,,f ,,lisieux1 ,,bayeux1 ,,v]ona1 ,,& ,,padua #ic ,,viii4 ,,w9d[ ,,f ,,! ,,ca' ,,fosc>i1 ,,v5ice #ie ,,ix4 ,,trac]y ,,f ,,! ,,campanile ,,( ,,giotto1 ,,at ,,flor5ce4 ,frontispiece4 ,x4 ,,trac]ies ,,& ,,m\ld+s ,,f ,,r\5 ,,& ,,salisbury #abb ,,xi4 ,,balcony ,,9 ,,! ,,campo1 ,,/4 ,,b5$etto1 ,,v5ice #aca ,,xii4 ,,fragm5ts ,,f ,,abbeville1 ,,lucca1 ,,v5ice ,,& ,,pisa #adi ,,xiii4 ,,portions ,,( ,,an ,,arcade ,,on ,,! ,,s\? ,,side ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,( ,,f]r>a #afa ,,xiv4 ,,sculptures ,,f ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,( ,,r\5 #afe ,,lectures ,,on ,,ar*itecture ,,& ,,pa9t+ ,plate ,i4 ,,figs4 #a1 #c ,,& #e4 ,,illu/rative ,,diagrams #bai ,,ii4 #b4 ,,w9d[ ,,9 ,,oakham ,,ca/le #bba ,,iii4 #d ,,& #f4 ,,spray ,,( ,,a%-,,tree1 ,,& ,,improvem5t ,,( ,,! ,,same ,,on ,,greek ,,pr9ciples #bbf ,,iv4 #g4 ,,w9d[ ,,9 ,,dumblane ,,ca!dral #bca ,v4 #h4 ,,m$iaeval ,,turret #bce ,,vi4 #i ,,& #aj4 ,,lomb>dic ,,t[]s #bch ,,vii4 #aa ,,& #ab4 ,,spires ,,at ,,contances ,,& ,,r\5 #bdj ,,viii4 #ac ,,& #ad4 ,,illu/rative ,,diagrams #bec ,,ix4 #ae4 ,,sculpture ,,at ,,lyons #bed ,x4 #af4 ,,ni*e ,,at ,,ami5s #bee ,,xi4 #ag ,,& #ah4 ,tig,e,r',s ,,head1 ,,& ,,improvem5t ,,( ,,! ,,same ,,on ,,greek ,,pr9ciples #beh ,,xii4 #ai4 ,,g>ret ,,w9d[ ,,9 ,,hotel ,,de ,,b\rg!r\de #bfe ,,xiii4 #bj ,,& #ba4 ,,trees1 ,,z ,,drawn ,,9 ,,! ,,?irte5? ,,c5tury #bid ,,xiv4 #bb4 ,,rocks1 ,,z ,,drawn ,,by ,,! ,,s*ool ,,( ,,leon>do ,,da ,,v9ci #bif ,,xv4 #bc4 ,,b\ghs ,,( ,,trees1 ,,aft] ,,titian #bih ,,! ,,sev5 ,,lamps ,,( ,,ar*itecture ,,preface4 ,! memor&a :i* =m ! basis ( ! foll[+ ,essay h be5 ?r[n toge!r dur+ ! prep>ation ( "o ( ! sections ( ! ?ird volume ( ,mod]n ,pa9t]s4,a ,i once ?\ght ( giv+ !m a m exp&$ =m2 b _! utility1 su* z x may be1 w\ld probably be dim9i%$ by f>!r delay 9 _! publication1 m ?an x w\ld be increas$ by great] c>e 9 _! arrangem5t4 ,obta9$ 9 e case by p]sonal obs]vation1 !re may be among !m "s details valuable ev5 to ! exp]i5c$ ar*itect2 b ) respect to ! op9ions f\nd$ ^u !m ,i mu/ be prep>$ to be> ! *>ge ( imp]t95ce :i* c h>dly b atta* to ! writ] :o assumes a dogmatical tone 9 speak+ ( an art he has nev] practis$4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 cases 9 :i* m5 feel too ke5ly to be sil5t1 & p]haps too /rongly to be wrong2 ,i h be5 =c$ into ?is imp]t95ce2 & h suff]$ too mu* f ! de/ruction or neglect ( ! ar*itecture ,i be/ lov$1 & f ! erection ( t :i* ,i _c love1 to reason cauti\sly respect+ ! mode/y ( my opposition to ! pr9ciples :i* h induc$ ! scorn ( ! "o1 or direct$ ! design ( ! o!r4 ,& ,i h be5 ! less c>eful to modify ! confid5ce ( my /atem5ts ( pr9ciples1 because 9 ! mid/ ( ! opposition & unc]ta9ty ( our ar*itectural sy/ems1 x seems to me t !re is some?+ grateful 9 any positive op9ion1 ?\gh 9 _m po9ts wrong1 z ev5 we$s are useful t gr[ on a bank ( s&4 ,a ,! inord9ate delay 9 ! appe>ance ( t supplem5t>y volume has1 inde$1 be5 *iefly ow+ to ! necessity "u :i* ! writ] felt himself1 ( obta9+ z _m memor&a z possible ( m$iaeval build+s 9 ,italy & ,norm&y1 n[ 9 process ( de/ruction1 be=e t de/ruction %\ld be consummat$ by ! ,re/or] or ,revolutioni/4 ,8 :ole "t has be5 lately occupi$ 9 tak+ draw+s f "o side ( build+s1 ( :i* masons 7 knock+ d[n ! o!r2 nor c he yet pl$ge himself to any "t = ! publication ( ! conclusion ( ,mod]n ,pa9t]s2 he c only promise t its delay %all n be ow+ to any indol5ce on 8 "p4 ,e apology is1 h[ev]1 due to ! read]1 = ! ha/y & imp]fect execution ( ! plates4 ,hav+ mu* m s]i\s "w 9 h&1 & desir+ m]ely to r5d] !m illu/rative ( my mean+1 ,i h sometimes v completely fail$ ev5 ( t humble aim2 & ! text1 be+ g5]ally writt5 be=e ! illu/ration 0 complet$1 sometimes naively describes z sublime or beautiful1 features :i* ! plate repres5ts by a blot4 ,i %all be grateful if ! read] w 9 su* cases ref] ! expressions ( praise to ! ,ar*itecture1 & n to ! illu/ration4 ,s f>1 h[ev]1 z _! co>s5ess & rud5ess admit1 ! plates are valuable2 be+ ei!r copies ( memor&a made ^u ! spot1 or 7,plates ,,ix4 & ,,xi47 enl>g$ & adapt$ f ,dagu]reotypes1 tak5 "u my own sup]9t5d5ce4 ,un=tunately1 ! great di/ance f ! gr\nd ( ! w9d[ :i* is ! subject ( ,plate ,,ix4 r5d]s ev5 ! ,dagu]reotype indi/9ct2 & ,i _c answ] = ! accuracy ( any ( ! mosaic details1 m especially ( ^? :i* surr\nd ! w9d[1 & :i* ,i r imag9e1 9 ! orig9al1 to be sculptur$ 9 relief4 ,! g5]al proportions are1 h[ev]1 /udi\sly pres]v$2 ! spirals ( ! %afts are c\nt$1 & ! effect ( ! :ole is z ne> t ( ! ?+ itself1 z is necess>y = ! purposes ( illu/ration = :i* ! plate is giv54 ,= ! accuracy ( ! re/ ,i c answ]1 ev5 to ! cracks 9 ! /ones1 & ! numb] ( !m2 & ?\gh ! loos5ess ( ! draw+1 & ! picturesque "* :i* is necess>ily giv5 by an endeavor to draw old build+s z !y actually appe>1 may p]haps dim9i% _! cr$it = ar*itectural v]acity1 !y w d s unju/ly4 ,! sy/em ( lett]+ adopt$ 9 ! few in/ances 9 :i* sections h be5 giv51 appe>s some:at obscure 9 ! ref]5ces1 b x is conv5i5t ^u ! :ole4 ,! l9e :i* m>ks ! direction ( any section is not$1 if ! section be symmetrical1 by a s+le lett]2 & ! section itself by ! same lett] ) a l9e ov] x1 a4--a4 ,b if ! section be unsymmetrical1 its direction is not$ by two lett]s1 a4 a4 a#b at its extremities2 & ! actual section by ! same lett]s ) l9es ov] !m1 a4 a4 a#b1 at ! correspond+ extremities4 ,! read] w p]haps be surpris$ by ! small numb] ( build+s to :i* ref]5ce has be5 made4 ,b x is to be rememb]$ t ! foll[+ *apt]s pret5d only to be a /atem5t ( pr9ciples1 illu/rat$ ea* by "o or two examples1 n an essay on ,european ar*itecture2 & ^? examples ,i h g5]ally tak5 ei!r f ! build+s :i* ,i love be/1 or f ! s*ools ( ar*itecture :i*1 x appe>$ to me1 h be5 less c>efully describ$ ?an !y des]v$4 ,i c\ld z fully1 ?\gh n ) ! accuracy & c]ta9ty d]iv$ f p]sonal obs]vation1 h illu/rat$ ! pr9ciples subsequ5tly advanc$1 f ! ar*itecture ( ,egypt1 ,india1 or ,spa91 z f t to :i* ! read] w f9d 8 att5tion *iefly direct$1 ! ,italian ,romanesque & ,go?ic4 ,b my affections1 z well z my exp]i5ce1 l$ me to t l9e ( ri*ly v>i$ & magnific5tly intellectual s*ools1 :i* rea*es1 l a high wat]%$ ( ,*ri/ian ar*itecture1 f ! ,adriatic to ! ,nor?umbrian seas1 bord]$ by ! impure s*ools ( ,spa9 on ! "o h&1 & ( ,g]many on ! o!r3 & z culm9at+ po9ts & c5tres ( ?is *a91 ,i h consid]$1 fir/1 ! cities ( ! ,val d',arno1 z repres5t+ ! ,italian ,romanesque & pure ,italian ,go?ic2 ,v5ice & ,v]ona z repres5t+ ! ,italian ,go?ic color$ by ,byzant9e elem5ts2 & ,r\51 ) ! associat$ ,norman cities1 ,ca51 ,bayeux1 & ,c\tances1 z repres5t+ ! entire range ( ,nor!rn ar*itecture f ! ,romanesque to ,flamboyant4 ,i c\ld h wi%$ to h giv5 m examples f our e>ly ,engli% ,go?ic2 b ,i h always f\nd x impossible to "w 9 ! cold int]iors ( our ca!drals1 :ile ! daily s]vices1 lamps1 & fumigation ( ^? ^u ! ,cont95t1 r5d] !m p]fectly safe4 ,9 ! c\rse ( la/ summ] ,i und]took a pilgrimage to ! ,engli% ,%r9es1 & began ) ,salisbury1 :]e ! consequ5ce ( a few days' "w 0 a /ate ( weak5$ heal?1 :i* ,i may be p]mitt$ to "n among ! causes ( ! slightness & imp]fection ( ! pres5t ,essay4 ,,introductory4 ,"s ye>s ago1 9 conv]sation ) an arti/ ^: works1 p]haps1 alone1 9 ! pres5t day1 unite p]fection ( draw+ ) respl5d5ce ( color1 ! writ] made "s inquiry respect+ ! g5]al means by :i* ?is latt] quality 0 mo/ easily to be atta9$4 ,! reply 0 z concise z x 0 compreh5sive--,"k :at y h to d1 & d x--compreh5sive1 n only z reg>d$ ! bran* ( art to :i* x tempor>ily appli$1 b z express+ ! great pr9ciple ( success 9 e direction ( human ef=t2 = ,i believe t failure is less frequ5tly attributable to ei!r insuffici5cy ( means or impati5ce ( labor1 ?an to a confus$ und]/&+ ( ! ?+ actually to be done2 & !re=e1 :ile x is prop]ly a subject ( ridicule1 & sometimes ( blame1 t m5 propose to !mselves a p]fection ( any k9d1 :i* reason1 temp]ately consult$1 might h %[n to be impossible ) ! means at _! comm&1 x is a m dang]\s error to p]mit ! consid]ation ( means to int]f]e ) our conception1 or1 z is n impossible1 ev5 h9d] our ackn[l$gm5t ( goodness & p]fection 9 !mselves4 ,& ?is is ! m cauti\sly to be rememb]$2 because1 :ile a man's s5se & consci5ce1 aid$ by ,revelation1 are always en\gh1 if e>ne/ly direct$1 to enable him to discov] :at is "r1 nei!r 8 s5se1 nor consci5ce1 nor feel+1 are ev] en\gh1 because !y are n int5d$1 to det]m9e = him :at is possible4 ,he kn[s nei!r 8 own /r5g? nor t ( 8 fell[s1 nei!r ! exact dep5d5ce to be plac$ on 8 allies nor resi/ance to be expect$ f 8 oppon5ts4 ,^! are que/ions respect+ :i* passion may w>p 8 conclusions1 & ignorance mu/ limit !m2 b x is 8 own fault if ei!r int]f]e ) ! appreh5sion ( duty1 or ! ackn[l$gm5t ( "r4 ,&1 z f> z ,i h tak5 cognizance ( ! causes ( ! _m failures to :i* ! ef=ts ( intellig5t m5 are liable1 m especially 9 matt]s political1 !y seem to me m l>gely to spr+ f ?is s+le error ?an f all o!rs1 t ! inquiry into ! d\btful1 & 9 "s sort inexplicable1 relations ( capability1 *ance1 resi/ance1 & inconv5i5ce1 inv>iably prec$es1 ev5 if x d n altoge!r sup]s$e1 ! det]m9ation ( :at is absolutely desirable & j4 ,nor is x any wond] t sometimes ! too cold calculation ( our p[]s %\ld reconcile u too easily to our %ortcom+s1 & ev5 lead u into ! fatal error ( suppos+ t our conjectural utmo/ is 9 itself well1 or1 9 o!r words1 t ! necessity ( (f5ces r5d]s !m in(f5sive4 ,:at is true ( human polity seems to me n less s ( ! di/9ctively political art ( ,ar*itecture4 ,i h long felt conv9c$ ( ! necessity1 9 ord] to its progress1 ( "s det]m9$ ef=t to extricate f ! confus$ mass ( p>tial traditions & dogmata ) :i* x has become encumb]$ dur+ imp]fect or re/rict$ practice1 ^? l>ge pr9ciples ( "r :i* are applicable to e /age & /yle ( x4 ,unit+ ! te*nical & imag9ative elem5ts z ess5tially z humanity does s\l & body1 x %[s ! same infirmly balanc$ liability to ! preval5ce ( ! l[] "p ov] ! high]1 to ! int]f]5ce ( ! con/ructive1 ) ! purity & simplicity ( ! reflective1 elem5t4 ,?is t5d5cy1 l e o!r =m ( mat]ialism1 is increas+ ) ! advance ( ! age2 & ! only laws :i* resi/ x1 bas$ ^u p>tial prec$5ts1 & already reg>d$ ) disrespect z decrepit1 if n ) defiance z tyrannical1 are evid5tly inapplicable to ! new =ms & functions ( ! art1 :i* ! necessities ( ! day dem&4 ,h[ _m ^! necessities may become1 _c be conjectur$2 !y rise1 /range & impati5t1 out ( e mod]n %ad[ ( *ange4 ,h[ f> x may be possible to meet !m )\t a sacrifice ( ! ess5tial *>act]s ( ar*itectural art1 _c be det]m9$ by specific calculation or obs]vance4 ,!re is no law1 no pr9ciple1 bas$ on pa/ practice1 :i* may n be ov]?r[n 9 a mom5t1 by ! aris+ ( a new condition1 or ! inv5tion ( a new mat]ial2 & ! mo/ rational1 if n ! only1 mode ( av]t+ ! dang] ( an utt] dissolution ( all t is sy/ematic & consi/5t 9 our practice1 or ( anci5t au?ority 9 our judgm5t1 is to cease = a little :ile1 our endeavors to deal ) ! multiply+ ho/ ( p>ticul> abuses1 re/ra9ts1 or requirem5ts2 & endeavor to det]m9e1 z ! guides ( e ef=t1 "s con/ant1 g5]al1 & irrefragable laws ( "r--laws1 :i* bas$ ^u man's nature1 n ^u 8 k1 may possess s f> ! un*angeabl5ess ( ! "o1 z t nei!r ! increase nor imp]fection ( ! o!r may be able to assault or invalidate !m4 ,!re are1 p]haps1 no su* laws peculi> to any "o art4 ,_! range necess>ily includes ! entire horizon ( man's action4 ,b !y h modifi$ =ms & op]ations belong+ to ea* ( 8 pursuits1 & ! ext5t ( _! au?ority _c surely be consid]$ z a dim9ution ( its weight4 ,^? peculi> aspects ( !m :i* belong to ! fir/ ( ! arts1 ,i h endeavor$ to trace 9 ! foll[+ pages2 & s9ce1 if truly /at$1 !y mu/ necess>ily be1 n only safegu>ds aga9/ e =m ( error1 b s\rces ( e measure ( success1 ,i d n ?9k t ,i claim too mu* = !m 9 call+ !m ! ,lamps ( ,ar*itecture1 nor t x is indol5ce1 9 endeavor+ to asc]ta9 ! true nature & nobility ( _! fire1 to refuse to ent] into any curi\s or special que/ion+ ( ! innum]able h9drances by :i* _! light has be5 too (t5 di/ort$ or ov]p[]$4 ,_h ?is f>!r exam9ation be5 attempt$1 ! "w w\ld h become c]ta9ly m invidi\s1 & p]haps less useful1 z liable to errors :i* are avoid$ by ! pres5t simplicity ( its plan4 ,simple ?\gh x be1 its ext5t is too great to admit ( any adequate accompli%m5t1 unless by a devotion ( "t :i* ! writ] did n feel ju/ifi$ 9 )draw+ f bran*es ( inquiry 9 :i* ! prosecution ( works already und]tak5 has engag$ him4 ,bo? arrangem5ts & nom5clature are ^? ( conv5i5ce r ?an ( sy/em2 ! "o is arbitr>y & ! o!r illogical3 nor is x pret5d$ t all1 or ev5 ! great] numb] (1 ! pr9ciples necess>y to ! well-be+ ( ! art1 are includ$ 9 ! inquiry4 ,_m1 h[ev]1 ( consid]able importance w be f\nd to develope !mselves incid5tally f ^? m specially br\ght =w>d4 ,grav] apology is necess>y = an app>5tly grav] fault4 ,x has be5 j said1 t !re is no bran* ( human "w ^: con/ant laws h n close analogy ) ^? :i* gov]n e o!r mode ( man's ex]tion4 ,b1 m ?an ?is1 exactly z we r$uce to great] simplicity & surety any "o gr\p ( ^! practical laws1 we %all f9d !m pass+ ! m]e condition ( connection or analogy1 & becom+ ! actual expression ( "s ultimate n]ve or fibre ( ! mighty laws :i* gov]n ! moral _w4 ,h[ev] mean or inconsid]able ! act1 !re is some?+ 9 ! well do+ ( x1 :i* has fell[%ip ) ! noble/ =ms ( manly virtue2 & ! tru?1 decision1 & temp]ance1 :i* we rev]5tly reg>d z honorable conditions ( ! spiritual be+1 h a repres5tative or d]ivative influ5ce ov] ! works ( ! h&1 ! movem5ts ( ! frame1 & ! action ( ! intellect4 ,& z ?us e action1 d[n ev5 to ! draw+ ( a l9e or utt]ance ( a syllable1 is capable ( a peculi> dignity 9 ! mann] ( x1 :i* we sometimes express by say+ x is truly done 7z a l9e or tone is true71 s also x is capable ( dignity /ill high] 9 ! motive ( x4 ,= !re is no action s slight1 nor s mean1 b x may be done to a great purpose1 & ennobl$ !re=e2 nor is any purpose s great b t slight actions may help x1 & may be s done z to help x mu*1 mo/ especially t *ief ( all purposes1 ! pleas+ ( ,god4 ,h5ce ,george ,h]b]t-- ,a s]vant ) ?is clause ,makes drudg]y div9e2 ,:o sweeps a room1 z = ?y laws1 ,makes t & ! action f9e4 ,!re=e1 9 ! press+ or recomm5d+ ( any act or mann] ( act+1 we h *oice ( two sep>ate l9es ( argum5t3 "o bas$ on repres5tation ( ! exp$i5cy or inh]5t value ( ! "w1 :i* is (t5 small1 & always disputable2 ! o!r bas$ on pro(s ( its relations to ! high] ord]s ( human virtue1 & ( its acceptabl5ess1 s f> z x goes1 to ,him :o is ! orig9 ( virtue4 ,! =m] is commonly ! m p]suasive me?od1 ! latt] assur$ly ! m conclusive2 only x is liable to give (f5ce1 z if !re 7 irrev]5ce 9 adduc+ consid]ations s weighty 9 treat+ subjects ( small temporal importance4 ,i believe1 h[ev]1 t no error is m ?\ghtless ?an ?is4 ,we treat ,god ) irrev]5ce by bani%+ ,him f our ?\ghts1 n by ref]r+ to ,8 w on slight occasions4 ,8 is n ! f9ite au?ority or intellig5ce :i* _c be tr\bl$ ) small ?+s4 ,!re is no?+ s small b t we may honor ,god by ask+ ,8 guidance ( x1 or insult ,him by tak+ x into our own h&s2 & :at is true ( ! ,deity is equally true ( ,8 ,revelation4 ,we use x mo/ rev]5tly :5 mo/ habitually3 our insol5ce is 9 ev] act+ )\t ref]5ce to x1 our true honor+ ( x is 9 its univ]sal application4 ,i h be5 blam$ = ! famili> introduction ( its sacr$ words4 ,i am griev$ to h giv5 pa9 by s do+2 b my excuse mu/ be my wi% t ^? words 7 made ! gr\nd ( e argum5t & ! te/ ( e action4 ,we h !m n (t5 en\gh on our lips1 nor deeply en\gh 9 our memories1 nor loyally en\gh 9 our lives4 ,! sn[1 ! vapor1 & ! /ormy w9d fulfil ,8 ^w4 ,are our acts & ?\ghts light] & wild] ?an ^!--t we %\ld =get x8 ,i h !re=e v5tur$1 at ! risk ( giv+ to "s passages ! appe>ance ( irrev]5ce1 to take ! high] l9e ( argum5t :]ev] x appe>$ cle>ly traceable3 & ?is1 ,i w\ld ask ! read] especially to obs]ve1 n m]ely because ,i ?9k x ! be/ mode ( rea*+ ultimate tru?1 /ill less because ,i ?9k ! subject ( m importance ?an _m o!rs2 b because e subject %\ld surely1 at a p]iod l ! pres5t1 be tak5 up 9 ?is _s1 or n at all4 ,! aspect ( ! ye>s t approa* u is z solemn z x is full ( my/]y2 & ! weight ( evil aga9/ :i* we h to cont5d1 is increas+ l ! lett+ out ( wat]4 ,x is no "t = ! idl5ess ( metaphysics1 or ! ent]ta9m5t ( ! arts4 ,! blasphemies ( ! e>? are s\nd+ l\d]1 & its mis]ies heap$ heavi] e day2 & if1 9 ! mid/ ( ! ex]tion :i* e good man is call$ ^u to put =? = _! repression or relief1 x is lawful to ask = a ?\ght1 = a mom5t1 = a lift+ ( ! f+]1 9 any direction b t ( ! imm$iate & ov]:elm+ ne$1 x is at lea/ incumb5t ^u u to approa* ! que/ions 9 :i* we w\ld engage him1 9 ! _s :i* has become ! habit ( 8 m9d1 & 9 ! hope t nei!r 8 zeal nor 8 usefulness may be *eck$ by ! )drawal ( an h\r :i* has %[n him h[ ev5 ^? ?+s :i* seem$ me*anical1 indiff]5t1 or contemptible1 dep5d = _! p]fection ^u ! ackn[l$gm5t ( ! sacr$ pr9ciples ( fai?1 tru?1 & ob$i5ce1 = :i* x has become ! occupation ( 8 life to cont5d4 ,,! ,,sev5 ,,lamps ,,( ,,ar*itecture4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,lamp ,,( ,,sacrifice4 ,i4 ,ar*itecture is ! art :i* s disposes & adorns ! edifices rais$ by man = :atsoev] uses1 t ! sight ( !m contributes to 8 m5tal heal?1 p[] & pleasure4 ,x is v necess>y1 9 ! outset ( all inquiry1 to di/+ui% c>efully betwe5 ,ar*itecture & ,build+4 ,to build1 lit]ally to confirm1 is by common und]/&+ to put toge!r & adju/ ! sev]al pieces ( any edifice or receptacle ( a consid]able size4 ,?us we h *ur* build+1 h\se build+1 %ip build+1 & coa* build+4 ,t "o edifice /&s1 ano!r floats1 & ano!r is susp5d$ on iron spr+s1 makes no diff]5ce 9 ! nature ( ! art1 if s x may be call$1 ( build+ or edification4 ,! p]sons :o pr(ess t art1 are sev]ally build]s1 ecclesia/ical1 naval1 or ( :atev] o!r "n _! "w may ju/ify2 b build+ does n become ar*itecture m]ely by ! /ability ( :at x erects2 & x is no m ar*itecture :i* raises a *ur*1 or :i* fits x to receive & conta9 ) com=t a requir$ numb] ( p]sons occupi$ 9 c]ta9 religi\s (fices1 ?an x is ar*itecture :i* makes a c>riage commodi\s or a %ip swift4 ,i d n1 ( c\rse1 mean t ! ^w is n (t51 or ev5 may n be legitimately1 appli$ 9 su* a s5se 7z we speak ( naval ar*itecture72 b 9 t s5se ar*itecture ceases to be "o ( ! f9e arts1 & x is !re=e bett] n to run ! risk1 by loose nom5clature1 ( ! confusion :i* w\ld arise1 & has (t5 aris51 f ext5d+ pr9ciples :i* belong altoge!r to build+1 into ! sph]e ( ar*itecture prop]4 ,let u1 !re=e1 at once conf9e ! "n to t art :i*1 tak+ up & admitt+1 z conditions ( its work+1 ! necessities & common uses ( ! build+1 impresses on its =m c]ta9 *>act]s v5]able or beautiful1 b o!rwise unnecess>y4 ,?us1 ,i suppose1 no "o w\ld call ! laws ar*itectural :i* det]m9e ! height ( a brea/work or ! position ( a ba/ion4 ,b if to ! /one fac+ ( t ba/ion be add$ an unnecess>y feature1 z a cable m\ld+1 t is ,ar*itecture4 ,x w\ld be simil>ly unreasonable to call battlem5ts or ma*icolations ar*itectural features1 s long z !y consi/ only ( an advanc$ gall]y support$ on project+ masses1 ) op5 int]vals b5ea? = (f5ce4 ,b if ^! project+ masses be c>v$ b5ea? into r\nd$ c\rses1 :i* are useless1 & if ! head+s ( ! int]vals be ar*$ & trefoil$1 :i* is useless1 t is ,ar*itecture4 ,x may n be always easy to draw ! l9e s %>ply & simply1 because !re are few build+s :i* h n "s pret5ce or color ( be+ ar*itectural2 nei!r c !re be any ar*itecture :i* is n bas$ on build+1 nor any good ar*itecture :i* is n bas$ on good build+2 b x is p]fectly easy & v necess>y to keep ! ideas di/9ct1 & to und]/& fully t ,ar*itecture conc]ns itself only ) ^? *>act]s ( an edifice :i* are above & beyond its common use4 ,i say common2 because a build+ rais$ to ! honor ( ,god1 or 9 memory ( m51 has surely a use to :i* its ar*itectural adornm5t fits x2 b n a use :i* limits1 by any inevitable necessities1 its plan or details4 ,,ii4 ,ar*itecture prop]1 !n1 naturally arranges itself "u five heads3-- ,devotional2 includ+ all build+s rais$ = ,god's s]vice or honor4 ,memorial2 includ+ bo? monum5ts & tombs4 ,civil2 includ+ e edifice rais$ by nations or societies1 = purposes ( common bus9ess or pleasure4 ,milit>y2 includ+ all private & public ar*itecture ( def5ce4 ,dome/ic2 includ+ e rank & k9d ( dwell+-place4 ,n[1 ( ! pr9ciples :i* ,i w\ld endeavor to develope1 :ile all mu/ be1 z ,i h said1 applicable to e /age & /yle ( ! art1 "s1 & especially ^? :i* are excit+ r ?an direct+1 h necess>ily full] ref]5ce to "o k9d ( build+ ?an ano!r2 & among ^! ,i w\ld place fir/ t _s :i*1 hav+ influ5ce 9 all1 has nev]!less su* especial ref]5ce to devotional & memorial ar*itecture--! _s :i* (f]s = su* "w preci\s ?+s simply because !y are preci\s2 n z be+ necess>y to ! build+1 b z an (f]+1 surr5d]+1 & sacrifice ( :at is to ourselves desirable4 ,x seems to me1 n only t ?is feel+ is 9 mo/ cases :olly want+ 9 ^? :o =w>d ! devotional build+s ( ! pres5t day2 b t x w\ld ev5 be reg>d$ z an ignorant1 dang]\s1 or p]haps crim9al pr9ciple by _m among u4 ,i h n space to ent] into dispute ( all ! v>i\s objections :i* may be urg$ aga9/ x--!y are _m & spaci\s2 b ,i may1 p]haps1 ask ! read]'s pati5ce :ile ,i set d[n ^? simple reasons :i* cause me to believe x a good & j feel+1 & z well-pleas+ to ,god & honorable 9 m51 z x is beyond all dispute necess>y to ! production ( any great "w 9 ! k9d ) :i* we are at pres5t conc]n$4 ,,iii4 ,n[1 fir/1 to def9e ?is ,lamp1 or ,_s ( ,sacrifice1 cle>ly4 ,i h said t x prompts u to ! (f]+ ( preci\s ?+s m]ely because !y are preci\s1 n because !y are useful or necess>y4 ,x is a _s1 = in/ance1 :i* ( two m>bles1 equally beautiful1 applicable & durable1 w\ld *oose ! m co/ly because x 0 s1 & ( two k9ds ( decoration1 equally effective1 w\ld *oose ! m elaborate because x 0 s1 9 ord] t x might 9 ! same compass pres5t m co/ & m ?\ght4 ,x is !re=e mo/ unreason+ & en?usia/ic1 & p]haps be/ negatively def9$1 z ! opposite ( ! preval5t feel+ ( mod]n times1 :i* desires to produce ! l>ge/ results at ! lea/ co/4 ,( ?is feel+1 !n1 !re are two di/9ct =ms3 ! fir/1 ! wi% to ex]cise self-d5ial = ! sake ( self-discipl9e m]ely1 a wi% act$ ^u 9 ! ab&onm5t ( ?+s lov$ or desir$1 !re be+ no direct call or purpose to be answ]$ by s do+2 & ! second1 ! desire to honor or please "s "o else by ! co/l9ess ( ! sacrifice4 ,! practice is1 9 ! fir/ case1 ei!r private or public2 b mo/ frequ5tly1 & p]haps mo/ prop]ly1 private2 :ile1 9 ! latt] case1 ! act is commonly1 & ) greate/ advantage1 public4 ,n[1 x _c b at fir/ appe> futile to ass]t ! exp$i5cy ( self-d5ial = its own sake1 :51 = s _m sakes1 x is e day necess>y to a f> great] degree ?an any ( u practise x4 ,b ,i believe x is j because we d n en\gh ackn[l$ge or contemplate x z a good 9 itself1 t we are apt to fail 9 its duties :5 !y become imp]ative1 & to calculate1 ) "s p>tiality1 :e!r ! good propos$ to o!rs measures or w>rants ! am\nt ( grievance to ourselves1 in/ead ( accept+ ) gladness ! opportunity ( sacrifice z a p]sonal advantage4 ,be ?is z x may1 x is n necess>y to insi/ ^u ! matt] "h2 s9ce !re are always high] & m useful *annels ( self-sacrifice1 = ^? :o *oose to practise x1 ?an any connect$ ) ! arts4 ,:ile 9 its second bran*1 t :i* is especially conc]n$ ) ! arts1 ! ju/ice ( ! feel+ is /ill m d\btful2 x dep5ds on our answ] to ! broad "q1 ,c ! ,deity be inde$ honor$ by ! pres5tation to ,him ( any mat]ial objects ( value1 or by any direction ( zeal or wisdom :i* is n imm$iately b5eficial to m58 ,=1 obs]ve1 x is n n[ ! "q :e!r ! fairness & maje/y ( a build+ may or may n answ] any moral purpose2 x is n ! result ( labor 9 any sort ( :i* we are speak+1 b ! b>e & m]e co/l9ess--! sub/ance & labor & "t !mselves3 are ^!1 we ask1 indep5d5tly ( _! result1 acceptable (f]+s to ,god1 & consid]$ by ,him z do+ ,him honor8 ,s long z we ref] ?is "q to ! decision ( feel+1 or ( consci5ce1 or ( reason m]ely1 x w be contradictorily or imp]fectly answ]$2 x admits ( entire answ] only :5 we h met ano!r & a f> diff]5t "q1 :e!r ! ,bible be inde$ "o book or two1 & :e!r ! "* ( ,god reveal$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t be o!r ?an ,8 "* reveal$ 9 ! ,new4 ,,iv4 ,n[1 x is a mo/ secure tru?1 t1 al?\gh ! p>ticul> ord9ances div9ely appo9t$ = special purposes at any giv5 p]iod ( man's hi/ory1 may be by ! same div9e au?ority abrogat$ at ano!r1 x is impossible t any "* ( ,god1 appeal$ to or describ$ 9 any ord9ance pa/ or pres5t1 c ev] be *ang$1 or und]/ood z *ang$1 by ! abrogation ( t ord9ance4 ,god is "o & ! same1 & is pleas$ or displeas$ by ! same ?+s = ev]1 al?\gh "o "p ( ,8 pleasure may be express$ at "o "t r ?an ano!r1 & al?\gh ! mode 9 :i* ,8 pleasure is to be consult$ may be by ,him graci\sly modifi$ to ! circum/ances ( m54 ,?us1 = in/ance1 x 0 necess>y t1 9 ord] to ! und]/&+ by man ( ! s*eme ( ,r$emption1 t s*eme %\ld be =e%[n f ! beg9n+ by ! type ( bloody sacrifice4 ,b ,god _h no m pleasure 9 su* sacrifice 9 ! "t ( ,moses ?an ,he has n[2 ,he nev] accept$ z a propitiation = s9 any sacrifice b ! s+le "o 9 prospective2 & t we may n ent]ta9 any %ad[ ( d\bt on ?is subject1 ! wor?lessness ( all o!r sacrifice ?an ?is is proclaim$ at ! v "t :5 typical sacrifice 0 mo/ imp]atively dem&$4 ,god 0 a _s1 & c\ld be wor%ipp$ only 9 _s & 9 tru?1 z s+ly & exclusively :5 e day br\ght its claim ( typical & mat]ial s]vice or (f]+1 z n[ :5 ,he asks = none b t ( ! he>t4 ,s1 !re=e1 x is a mo/ safe & sure pr9ciple t1 if 9 ! mann] ( p]=m+ any rite at any "t1 circum/ances c be trac$ :i* we are ei!r told1 or may legitimately conclude1 pleas$ ,god at t "t1 ^? same circum/ances w please ,him at all times1 9 ! p]=mance ( all rites or (fices to :i* !y may be atta*$ 9 l mann]2 unless x has be5 aft]w>ds reveal$ t1 = "s special purpose1 x is n[ ,8 w t su* circum/ances %\ld be )drawn4 ,& ?is argum5t w h all ! m =ce if x c be %[n t su* conditions 7 n ess5tial to ! complet5ess ( ! rite 9 its human uses & be>+s1 & only 7 add$ to x z be+ 9 !mselves pleas+ to ,god4 ,v4 ,n[1 0 x necess>y to ! complet5ess1 z a type1 ( ! ,levitical sacrifice1 or to its utility z an explanation ( div9e purposes1 t x %\ld co/ any?+ to ! p]son 9 ^: behalf x 0 (f]$8 ,on ! contr>y1 ! sacrifice :i* x =e%[$ 0 to be ,god's free gift2 & ! co/ (1 or difficulty ( obta9+1 ! sacrificial type1 c\ld only r5d] t type 9 a measure obscure1 & less expressive ( ! (f]+ :i* ,god w\ld 9 ! end provide = all m54 ,yet ?is co/l9ess 0 g5]ally a condition ( ! acceptabl5ess ( ! sacrifice4 ,nei!r w ,i (f] unto ! ,"l my ,god ( t :i* do? co/ me no?+4,b ,t co/l9ess1 !re=e1 mu/ be an acceptable condition 9 all human (f]+s at all times2 = if x 0 pleas+ to ,god once1 x mu/ please ,him always1 unless directly =bidd5 by ,him aft]w>ds1 :i* x has nev] be54 ,b #b ,sam4 xxiv4 #bd4 ,deut4 xvi4 #af1 #ag4 ,aga91 0 x necess>y to ! typical p]fection ( ! ,levitical (f]+1 t x %\ld be ! be/ ( ! flock8 ,d\btless ! spotlessness ( ! sacrifice r5d]s x m expressive to ! ,*ri/ian m9d2 b 0 x because s expressive t x 0 actually1 & 9 s _m words1 dem&$ by ,god8 ,n at all4 ,x 0 dem&$ by ,him expressly on ! same gr\nds on :i* an e>?ly gov]nor w\ld dem& x1 z a te/imony ( respect4 ,(f] x n[ unto ?y gov]nor4,c ,& ! less valuable (f]+ 0 reject$1 n because x did n image ,*ri/1 nor fulfil ! purposes ( sacrifice1 b because x indicat$ a feel+ t w\ld grudge ! be/ ( its possessions to ,him :o gave !m2 & because x 0 a bold di%onor+ ( ,god 9 ! sight ( man4 ,:5ce x may be infallibly conclud$1 t 9 :atev] (f]+s we may n[ see reason to pres5t unto ,god 7,i say n :at ^! may be71 a condition ( _! acceptabl5ess w be n[1 z x 0 !n1 t !y %\ld be ! be/ ( _! k9d4 ,c ,mal4 i4 #h4 ,,vi4 ,b f>!r1 0 x necess>y to ! c>ry+ out ( ! ,mosaical sy/em1 t !re %\ld be ei!r art or spl5dor 9 ! =m or s]vices ( ! tab]nacle or temple8 ,0 x necess>y to ! p]fection ( any "o ( _! typical (fices1 t !re %\ld be t hang+ ( blue1 & purple1 & sc>let8 ^? ta*es ( brass & sockets ( silv]8 t work+ 9 c$> & ov]lay+ ) gold8 ,"o ?+ at lea/ is evid5t3 !re 0 a deep & awful dang] 9 x2 a dang] t ! ,god :om !y s wor%ipp$1 might be associat$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! s]fs ( ,egypt ) ! gods to :om !y _h se5 simil> gifts (f]$ & simil> honors paid4 ,! probability1 9 our times1 ( fell[%ip ) ! feel+s ( ! idolatr\s ,romani/ is absolutely z no?+ comp>$ ) ! dang] to ! ,israelite ( a sympa?y ) ! idolatr\s ,egyptian2#a no speculative1 no unprov$ dang]2 b prov$ fatally by _! fall dur+ a mon?'s ab&onm5t to _! own w2 a fall into ! mo/ s]vile idolatry2 yet m>k$ by su* (f]+s to _! idol z _! lead] 01 9 ! close sequel1 in/ruct$ to bid !m (f] to ,god4 ,?is dang] 0 imm95t1 p]petual1 & ( ! mo/ awful k9d3 x 0 ! "o aga9/ :i* ,god made provision1 n only by comm&m5ts1 by ?reat5+s1 by promises1 ! mo/ urg5t1 repeat$1 & impressive2 b by tempor>y ord9ances ( a sev]ity s t]rible z almo/ to dim = a "t1 9 ! eyes ( ,8 p1 ,8 attribute ( m]cy4 ,! pr9cipal object ( e in/itut$ law ( t ,!ocracy1 ( e judgm5t s5t =? 9 its v9dication1 0 to m>k to ! p ,8 hatr$ ( idolatry2 a hatr$ writt5 "u _! advanc+ /eps1 9 ! blood ( ! ,canaanite1 & m /]nly /ill 9 ! d>kness ( _! own desolation1 :5 ! *ildr5 & ! suckl+s swoon$ 9 ! /reets ( ,j]usalem1 & ! lion track$ 8 prey 9 ! du/ ( ,sam>ia4,d ,yet aga9/ ?is mortal dang] provision 0 n made 9 "o way 7to man's ?\ghts ! simple/1 ! mo/ natural1 ! mo/ effective71 by )draw+ f ! wor%ip ( ! ,div9e ,be+ :atev] c\ld delight ! s5se1 or %ape ! imag9ation1 or limit ! idea ( ,deity to place4 ,?is "o way ,god refus$1 dem&+ = ,himself su* honors1 & accept+ = ,himself su* local dwell+1 z _h be5 paid & d$icat$ to idol gods by hea!n wor%ipp]s2 & = :at reason8 ,0 ! glory ( ! tab]nacle necess>y to set =? or image ,8 div9e glory to ! m9ds ( ,8 p8 ,:at6 purple or sc>let necess>y to ! p :o _h se5 ! great riv] ( ,egypt run sc>let to ! sea1 "u ,8 condemnation8 ,:at6 gold5 lamp & *]ub necess>y = ^? :o _h se5 ! fires ( heav5 fall+ l a mantle on ,m\nt ,s9ai1 & its gold5 c\rts op5$ to receive _! mortal lawgiv]8 ,:at6 silv] clasp & fillet necess>y :5 !y _h se5 ! silv] waves ( ! ,r$ ,sea clasp 9 _! ar*$ holl[s ! corpses ( ! horse & 8 rid]8 ,nay--n s4 ,!re 0 b "o reason1 & t an et]nal "o2 t z ! cov5ant t ,he made ) m5 0 accompani$ ) "s ext]nal sign ( its cont9uance1 & ( ,8 remembrance ( x1 s ! acceptance ( t cov5ant might be m>k$ & signifi$ by use1 9 "s ext]nal sign ( _! love & ob$i5ce1 & surr5d] ( !mselves & !irs to ,8 w2 & t _! gratitude to ,him1 & cont9ual remembrance ( ,him1 might h at once _! expression & _! endur+ te/imony 9 ! pres5tation to ,him1 n only ( ! fir/l+s ( ! h]d & fold1 n only ( ! fruits ( ! e>? & ! ti! ( "t1 b ( all treasures ( wisdom & beauty2 ( ! ?\ght t inv5ts1 & ! h& t labors2 ( weal? ( wood1 & weight ( /one2 ( ! /r5g? ( iron1 & ( ! light ( gold4 ,d ,lam4 ii4 #aa4 #b ,k+s xvii4 #be4 ,& let u n n[ lose sight ( ?is broad & unabrogat$ pr9ciple--,i might say1 incapable ( be+ abrogat$1 s long z m5 %all receive e>?ly gifts f ,god4 ,( all t !y h ,8 ti! mu/ be r5d]$ to ,him1 or 9 s f> & 9 s mu* ,he is =gott53 ( ! skill & ( ! treasure1 ( ! /r5g? & ( ! m9d1 ( ! "t & ( ! toil1 (f]+ mu/ be made rev]5tly2 & if !re be any diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,levitical & ! ,*ri/ian (f]+1 x is t ! latt] may be j s mu* ! wid] 9 its range z x is less typical 9 its mean+1 z x is ?ankful in/ead ( sacrificial4 ,!re c be no excuse accept$ because ! ,deity does n n[ visibly dwell 9 ,8 temple2 if ,he is invisible x is only ?r\gh our fail+ fai?3 nor any excuse because o!r calls are m imm$iate or m sacr$2 ?is ought to be done1 & n ! o!r left undone4 ,yet ?is objection1 z frequ5t z feeble1 mu/ be m specifically answ]$4 ,,vii4 ,x has be5 said--x ought always to be said1 = x is true--t a bett] & m honorable (f]+ is made to our ,ma/] 9 m9i/ry to ! poor1 9 ext5d+ ! k ( ,8 "n1 9 ! practice ( ! virtues by :i* t "n is hall[$1 ?an 9 mat]ial pres5ts to ,8 temple4 ,assur$ly x is s3 woe to all :o ?9k t any o!r k9d or mann] ( (f]+ may 9 any wise take ! place ( ^!6 ,d ! p ne$ place to pray1 & calls to he> ,8 ^w8 ,!n x is no "t = smoo?+ pill>s or c>v+ pulpits2 let u h en\gh fir/ ( walls & ro(s4 ,d ! p ne$ tea*+ f h\se to h\se1 & bread f day to day8 ,!n !y are deacons & m9i/]s we want1 n ar*itects4 ,i insi/ on ?is1 ,i plead = ?is2 b let u exam9e ourselves1 & see if ?is be inde$ ! reason = our backw>dness 9 ! less] "w4 ,! "q is n betwe5 ,god's h\se & ,8 poor3 x is n betwe5 ,god's h\se & ,8 ,gospel4 ,x is betwe5 ,god's h\se & ours4 ,h we no tesselat$ colors on our floors8 no fresco$ fancies on our ro(s8 no ni*$ /atu>y 9 our corridors8 no gild$ furniture 9 our *amb]s8 no co/ly /ones 9 our cab9ets8 ,has ev5 ! ti! ( ^! be5 (f]$8 ,!y are1 or !y ought to be1 ! signs t en\gh has be5 devot$ to ! great purposes ( human /ew>d%ip1 & t !re rema9s to u :at we c sp5d 9 luxury2 b !re is a great] & pr\d] luxury ?an ?is selfi% "o--t ( br++ a portion ( su* ?+s z ^! into sacr$ s]vice1 & pres5t+ !m = a memorial,e t our pleasure z well z our toil has be5 hall[$ by ! remembrance ( ,him :o gave bo? ! /r5g? & ! rew>d4 ,& until ?is has be5 done1 ,i d n see h[ su* possessions c be reta9$ 9 happ9ess4 ,i d n und]/& ! feel+ :i* w\ld ar* our own gates & pave our own ?re%olds1 & leave ! *ur* ) its n>r[ door & foot-worn sill2 ! feel+ :i* enri*es our own *amb]s ) all mann] ( co/l9ess1 & endures ! b>e wall & mean compass ( ! temple4 ,!re is seldom ev5 s sev]e a *oice to be made1 seldom s mu* self-d5ial to be ex]cis$4 ,!re are isolat$ cases1 9 :i* m5's happ9ess & m5tal activity dep5d ^u a c]ta9 degree ( luxury 9 _! h\ses2 b !n ?is is true luxury1 felt & ta/$1 & pr(it$ by4 ,9 ! plurality ( in/ances no?+ ( ! k9d is attempt$1 nor c be enjoy$2 m5's av]age res\rces _c rea* x2 & t :i* !y c rea*1 gives !m no pleasure1 & might be sp>$4 ,x w be se51 9 ! c\rse ( ! foll[+ *apt]s1 t ,i am no advocate = meanness ( private habitation4 ,i w\ld fa9 introduce into x all magnific5ce1 c>e1 & beauty1 :]e !y are possible2 b ,i w\ld n h t useless exp5se 9 unnotic$ f9]ies or =malities2 cornic+s ( ceil+s & gra9+ ( doors1 & fr++ ( curta9s1 & ?\s&s su*2 ?+s :i* h become fooli%ly & apa!tically habitual--?+s on ^: common appliance hang :ole trades1 to :i* !re nev] yet belong$ ! bless+ ( giv+ "o ray ( real pleasure1 or becom+ ( ! remote/ or mo/ contemptible use--?+s :i* cause half ! exp5se ( life1 & de/roy m ?an half its com=t1 manl9ess1 respectability1 fre%ness1 & facility4 ,i speak f exp]i5ce3 ,i "k :at x is to live 9 a cottage ) a deal floor & ro(1 & a he>? ( mica slate2 & ,i "k x to be 9 _m respects heal?i] & happi] ?an liv+ betwe5 a ,turkey c>pet & gild$ ceil+1 beside a /eel grate & poli%$ f5d]4 ,i d n say t su* ?+s h n _! place & propriety2 b ,i say ?is1 emphatically1 t ! t5? "p ( ! exp5se :i* is sacrific$ 9 dome/ic vanities1 if n absolutely & mean+lessly lo/ 9 dome/ic discom=ts1 & incumbrances1 w\ld1 if collectively (f]$ & wisely employ$1 build a m>ble *ur* = e t[n 9 ,engl&2 su* a *ur* z x %\ld be a joy & a bless+ ev5 to pass ne> 9 our daily ways & walks1 & z x w\ld br+ ! light into ! eyes to see f af>1 lift+ its fair height above ! purple cr[d ( humble ro(s4 ,e ,num4 xxxi4 #ed4 ,psa4 lxxvi4 #aa4 ,,viii4 ,i h said = e t[n3 ,i d n want a m>ble *ur* = e village2 nay1 ,i d n want m>ble *ur*es at all = _! own sake1 b = ! sake ( ! _s t w\ld build !m4 ,! *ur* has no ne$ ( any visible spl5dors2 h] p[] is indep5d5t ( !m1 h] purity is 9 "s degree oppos$ to !m4 ,! simplicity ( a pa/oral sanctu>y is loveli] ?an ! maje/y ( an urban temple2 & x may be m ?an que/ion$ :e!r1 to ! p1 su* maje/y has ev] be5 ! s\rce ( any increase ( effective piety2 b to ! build]s x has be51 & mu/ ev] be4 ,x is n ! *ur* we want1 b ! sacrifice2 n ! emotion ( admiration1 b ! act ( adoration3 n ! gift1 b ! giv+4#b ,& see h[ mu* m *>ity ! full und]/&+ ( ?is might admit1 among classes ( m5 ( naturally opposite feel+s2 & h[ mu* m nobl5ess 9 ! "w4 ,!re is no ne$ to (f5d by importunate1 self-proclaim+ spl5dor4 ,y\r gift may be giv5 9 an unpresum+ way4 ,cut "o or two %afts out ( a porphyry ^: preci\sness ^? only w\ld "k :o w\ld desire x to be s us$2 add ano!r mon?'s labor to ! und]cutt+ ( a few capitals1 ^: delicacy w n be se5 nor lov$ by "o behold] ( t5 ?\s&2 see t ! simple/ masonry ( ! edifice be p]fect & sub/antial2 & to ^? :o reg>d su* ?+s1 _! witness w be cle> & impressive2 to ^? :o reg>d !m n1 all w at lea/ be in(f5sive4 ,b d n ?9k ! feel+ itself a folly1 or ! act itself useless4 ,( :at use 0 t de>ly-b\ght wat] ( ! well ( ,be?lehem ) :i* ! ,k+ ( ,israel slak$ ! du/ ( ,adullam8--yet 0 n ?us bett] ?an if he _h drunk x8 ,( :at use 0 t passionate act ( ,*ri/ian sacrifice1 aga9/ :i*1 fir/ utt]$ by ! false tongue1 ! v objection we w\ld n[ conqu] took a sull5 tone = ev]8,f ,s also let u n ask ( :at use our (f]+ is to ! *ur*3 x is at lea/ bett] = u ?an if x _h be5 reta9$ = ourselves4 ,x may be bett] = o!rs also3 !re is1 at any rate1 a *ance ( ?is2 ?\gh we mu/ always fe>fully & widely %un ! ?\ght t ! magnific5ce ( ! temple c mat]ially add to ! effici5cy ( ! wor%ip or to ! p[] ( ! m9i/ry4 ,:atev] we d1 or :atev] we (f]1 let x n int]f]e ) ! simplicity ( ! "o1 or abate1 z if replac+1 ! zeal ( ! o!r4 ,t is ! abuse & fallacy ( ,romanism1 by :i* ! true _s ( ,*ri/ian (f]+ is directly contradict$4 ,! treatm5t ( ! ,papi/s' temple is em95tly exhibitory2 x is surface "w ?r\gh\t2 & ! dang] & evil ( _! *ur* decoration lie1 n 9 its reality--n 9 ! true weal? & art ( x1 ( :i* ! l[] p are nev] cognizant--b 9 its t9sel & glitt]1 9 ! gild+ ( ! %r9e & pa9t+ ( ! image1 9 embroid]y ( d+y robes & cr[d+ ( imitat$ gems2 all ?is be+ frequ5tly ?ru/ =w>d to ! concealm5t ( :at is really good or great 9 _! build+s4#c ,( an (f]+ ( gratitude :i* is nei!r to be exhibit$ nor rew>d$1 :i* is nei!r to w9 praise nor pur*ase salvation1 ! ,romani/ 7z su*7 has no conception4 ,f ,john xii4 #e4 ,,ix4 ,:ile1 h[ev]1 ,i w\ld especially deprecate ! imputation ( any o!r acceptabl5ess or usefulness to ! gift itself ?an t :i* x receives f ! _s ( its pres5tation1 x may be well to obs]ve1 t !re is a l[] advantage :i* nev] fails to accompany a dutiful obs]vance ( any "r ab/ract pr9ciple4 ,:ile ! fir/ fruits ( 8 possessions 7 requir$ f ! ,israelite z a te/imony ( fidelity1 ! paym5t ( ^? fir/ fruits 0 nev]!less rew>d$1 & t connect$ly & specifically1 by ! increase ( ^? possessions4 ,weal?1 & l5g? ( days1 & peace1 7 ! promis$ & exp]i5c$ rew>ds ( 8 (f]+1 ?\gh !y 7 n to be ! objects ( x4 ,! ti! paid into ! /oreh\se 0 ! express$ condition ( ! bless+ :i* !re %\ld n be room en\gh to receive4 ,& x w be ?us always3 ,god nev] =gets any "w or labor ( love2 & :atev] x may be ( :i* ! fir/ & be/ proportions or p[]s h be5 pres5t$ to ,him1 he w multiply & increase sev5fold4 ,!re=e1 ?\gh x may n be necess>ily ! int]e/ ( religion to admit ! s]vice ( ! arts1 ! arts w nev] fl\ri% until !y h be5 prim>ily devot$ to t s]vice--devot$1 bo? by ar*itect & employ]2 by ! "o 9 scrupul\s1 e>ne/1 affectionate design2 by ! o!r 9 exp5diture at lea/ m frank1 at lea/ less calculat+1 ?an t :i* he w\ld admit 9 ! indulg5ce ( 8 own private feel+s4 ,let ?is pr9ciple be b once fairly ackn[l$g$ among u2 & h[ev] x may be *ill$ & repress$ 9 practice1 h[ev] feeble may be its real influ5ce1 h[ev] ! sacr$ness ( x may be dim9i%$ by c\nt]-work+s ( vanity & self-int]e/1 yet its m]e ackn[l$gm5t w\ld br+ a rew>d2 & ) our pres5t accumulation ( means & ( intellect1 !re w\ld be su* an impulse & vitality giv5 to art z x has n felt s9ce ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,& ,i d n ass]t ?is z o!r ?an a national consequ5ce3 ,i %\ld1 inde$1 expect a l>g] measure ( e great & spiritual faculty to be always giv5 :]e ^? faculties _h be5 wisely & religi\sly employ$2 b ! impulse to :i* ,i ref]1 w\ld be1 humanly speak+1 c]ta92 & w\ld naturally result f ob$i5ce to ! two great conditions en=c$ by ! ,_s ( ,sacrifice1 fir/1 t we %\ld 9 ev]y?+ d our be/2 &1 secondly1 t we %\ld consid] increase ( app>5t labor z an increase ( beauty 9 ! build+4 ,a few practical d$uctions f ^! two conditions1 & ,i h done4 ,x4 ,= ! fir/3 x is alone en\gh to secure success1 & x is = want ( obs]v+ x t we cont9ually fail4 ,we are none ( u s good ar*itects z to be able to "w habitually b5ea? our /r5g?2 & yet !re is n a build+ t ,i "k (1 lately rais$1 :]e9 x is n suffici5tly evid5t t nei!r ar*itect nor build] has done 8 be/4 ,x is ! especial *>act]i/ic ( mod]n "w4 ,all old "w ne>ly has be5 h>d "w4 ,x may be ! h>d "w ( *ildr51 ( b>b>ians1 ( ru/ics2 b x is always _! utmo/4 ,ours has z con/antly ! look ( money's wor?1 ( a /opp+ %ort :]ev] & :5ev] we c1 ( a lazy compliance ) l[ conditions2 nev] ( a fair putt+ =? ( our /r5g?4 ,let u h done ) ?is k9d ( "w at once3 ca/ (f e temptation to x3 d n let u degrade ourselves volunt>ily1 & !n mutt] & m\rn ov] our %ort com+s2 let u confess our pov]ty or our p>simony1 b n belie our human intellect4 ,x is n ev5 a "q ( h[ mu* we are to d1 b ( h[ x is to be done2 x is n a "q ( do+ m1 b ( do+ bett]4 ,d n let u boss our ro(s ) wret*$1 half-work$1 blunt-edg$ rosettes2 d n let u flank our gates ) rigid imitations ( m$iaeval /atu>y4 ,su* ?+s are m]e insults to common s5se1 & only unfit u = feel+ ! nobility ( _! prototypes4 ,we h s mu*1 suppose1 to be sp5t 9 decoration2 let u g to ! ,flaxman ( 8 "t1 :oev] he may be1 & bid him c>ve = u a s+le /atue1 frieze or capital1 or z _m z we c af=d1 compell+ ^u him ! "o condition1 t !y %all be ! be/ he c d2 place !m :]e !y w be ( ! mo/ value1 & be cont5t4 ,our o!r capitals may be m]e blocks1 & our o!r ni*es empty4 ,no matt]3 bett] our "w unf9i%$ ?an all bad4 ,x may be t we d n desire ornam5t ( s high an ord]2 *oose1 !n1 a less develop$ /yle1 also1 if y w1 r\gh] mat]ial2 ! law :i* we are en=c+ requires only t :at we pret5d to d & to give1 %all bo? be ! be/ ( _! k9d2 *oose1 !re=e1 ! ,norman hat*et "w1 in/ead ( ! ,flaxman frieze & /atue1 b let x be ! be/ hat*et "w2 & if y _c af=d m>ble1 use ,ca5 /one1 b f ! be/ b$2 & if n /one1 brick1 b ! be/ brick2 pref]r+ always :at is good ( a l[] ord] ( "w or mat]ial1 to :at is bad ( a high]2 = ?is is n only ! way to improve e k9d ( "w1 & to put e k9d ( mat]ial to bett] use2 b x is m hone/ & unpret5d+1 & is 9 h>mony ) o!r j1 upright1 & manly pr9ciples1 ^: range we %all h pres5tly to take into consid]ation4 ,,xi4 ,! o!r condition :i* we _h to notice1 0 ! value ( ! appe>ance ( labor ^u ar*itecture4 ,i h spok5 ( ?is be=e2,g & x is1 inde$1 "o ( ! mo/ frequ5t s\rces ( pleasure :i* belong to ! art1 always1 h[ev]1 )9 c]ta9 some:at rem>kable limits4 ,= x does n at fir/ appe> easily to be expla9$ :y labor1 z repres5t$ by mat]ials ( value1 %\ld1 )\t s5se ( wrong or error1 be> be+ wa/$2 :ile ! wa/e ( actual workman%ip is always pa9ful1 s soon z x is app>5t4 ,b s x is1 t1 :ile preci\s mat]ials may1 ) a c]ta9 pr(usion & neglig5ce1 be employ$ = ! magnific5ce ( :at is seldom se51 ! "w ( man _c be c>elessly & idly be/[$1 )\t an imm$iate s5se ( wrong2 z if ! /r5g? ( ! liv+ creature 7 nev] int5d$ by its ,mak] to be sacrific$ 9 va91 ?\gh x is well = u sometimes to "p ) :at we e/eem preci\s ( sub/ance1 z %[+ t 9 su* a s]vice x becomes b dross & du/4 ,& 9 ! nice balance betwe5 ! /rait5+ ( ef=t or en?usiasm on ! "o h&1 & va9ly ca/+ x away ^u ! o!r1 !re are m que/ions ?an c be met by any b v j & wat*ful feel+4 ,9 g5]al x is less ! m]e loss ( labor t (f5ds u1 ?an ! lack ( judgm5t impli$ by su* loss2 s t if m5 confess$ly "w = "w's sake1 & x does n appe> t !y are ignorant :]e or h[ to make _! labor tell1 we %all n be grossly (f5d$4 ,on ! contr>y1 we %all be pleas$ if ! "w be lo/ 9 c>ry+ out a pr9ciple1 or 9 avoid+ a deception4 ,x1 inde$1 is a law prop]ly belong+ to ano!r "p ( our subject1 b x may be all[ably /at$ "h1 t1 :5ev]1 by ! con/ruction ( a build+1 "s p>ts ( x are hidd5 f ! eye :i* are ! cont9uation ( o!rs be>+ "s consi/5t ornam5t1 x is n well t ! ornam5t %\ld cease 9 ! p>ts conceal$2 cr$it is giv5 = x1 & x %\ld n be deceptively )drawn3 z1 = in/ance1 9 ! sculpture ( ! backs ( ! /atues ( a temple p$im5t2 nev]1 p]haps1 to be se51 b yet n lawfully to be left unf9i%$4 ,& s 9 ! work+ out ( ornam5ts 9 d>k conceal$ places1 9 :i* x is be/ to err on ! side ( completion2 & 9 ! c>ry+ r\nd ( /r+ c\rses1 & o!r su* cont9u\s "w2 n b t !y may /op sometimes1 on ! po9t ( go+ into "s palpably imp5etrable recess1 b !n let !m /op boldly & m>k$ly1 on "s di/9ct t]m9al ornam5t1 & nev] be suppos$ to exi/ :]e !y d n4 ,! ar*es ( ! t[]s :i* flank ! transepts ( ,r\5 ,ca!dral h rosette ornam5ts on _! sp&rils1 on ! ?ree visible sides2 none on ! side t[>ds ! ro(4 ,! "r ( ?is is r a nice po9t = "q4 ,g ,mod4 ,pa9t]s1 ,"p ,i4 ,sec4 #a1 ,*ap4 #c4 ,,xii4 ,visibility1 h[ev]1 we mu/ rememb]1 dep5ds1 n only on situation1 b on di/ance2 & !re is no way 9 :i* "w is m pa9fully & unwisely lo/ ?an 9 its ov] delicacy on p>ts di/ant f ! eye4 ,"h1 aga91 ! pr9ciple ( hone/y mu/ gov]n our treatm5t3 we mu/ n "w any k9d ( ornam5t :i* is1 p]haps1 to cov] ! :ole build+ 7or at lea/ to occur on all p>ts ( x7 delicately :]e x is ne> ! eye1 & rudely :]e x is remov$ f x4 ,t is trick]y & di%one/y4 ,consid]1 fir/1 :at k9ds ( ornam5ts w tell 9 ! di/ance & :at ne>1 & s di/ribute !m1 keep+ su* z by _! nature are delicate1 d[n ne> ! eye1 & ?r[+ ! bold & r\gh k9ds ( "w to ! top2 & if !re be any k9d :i* is to be bo? ne> & f> (f1 take c>e t x be z boldly & rudely wr\ght :]e x is well se5 z :]e x is di/ant1 s t ! spectator may "k exactly :at x is1 & :at x is wor?4 ,?us *equ]$ patt]ns1 & 9 g5]al su* ornam5ts z common workm5 c execute1 may ext5d ov] ! :ole build+2 b bas-reliefs1 & f9e ni*es & capitals1 %\ld be kept d[n1 & ! common s5se ( ?is w always give a build+ dignity1 ev5 ?\gh !re be "s abruptness or awkw>dness1 9 ! result+ arrangem5ts4 ,?us at ,san ,z5o at ,v]ona1 ! bas-reliefs1 full ( incid5t & int]e/ are conf9$ to a p>allelogram ( ! front1 rea*+ to ! height ( ! capitals ( ! columns ( ! por*4 ,above ^!1 we f9d a simple ?\gh mo/ lovely1 little arcade2 & above t1 only blank wall1 ) squ>e face %afts4 ,! :ole effect is t5fold gr&] & bett] ?an if ! entire facade _h be5 cov]$ ) bad "w1 & may s]ve = an example ( ! way to place little :]e we _c af=d mu*4 ,s1 aga91 ! transept gates ( ,r\5,h are cov]$ ) delicate bas-reliefs 7( :i* ,i %all speak at great] l5g? pres5tly7 up to ab\t once & a half a man's height2 & above t come ! usual & m visible /atues & ni*es4 ,s 9 ! campanile at ,flor5ce1 ! circuit ( bas-reliefs is on its l[e/ /ory2 above t come its /atues2 & above !m all its patt]n mosaic1 & twi/$ columns1 exquisitely f9i%$1 l all ,italian "w ( ! "t1 b /ill1 9 ! eye ( ! ,flor5t9e1 r\gh & commonplace by comp>ison ) ! bas-reliefs4 ,s g5]ally ! mo/ delicate ni*e "w & be/ m\ld+s ( ! ,fr5* ,go?ic are 9 gates & l[ w9d[s well )9 sight2 al?\gh1 x be+ ! v _s ( t /yle to tru/ to its exub]ance = effect1 !re is occasionally a bur/ upw>ds & blossom+ unre/ra9ably to ! sky1 z 9 ! p$im5t ( ! we/ front ( ,r\51 & 9 ! recess ( ! rose w9d[ beh9d x1 :]e !re are "s mo/ elaborate fl[]-m\ld+s1 all b invisible f bel[1 & only add+ a g5]al enri*m5t to ! deep %ad[s t relieve ! %afts ( ! advanc$ p$im5t4 ,x is obs]vable1 h[ev]1 t ?is v "w is bad flamboyant1 & has corrupt r5aissance *>act]s 9 its detail z well z use2 :ile 9 ! e>li] & gr&] nor? & s\? gates1 !re is a v noble proportion+ ( ! "w to ! di/ance1 ! ni*es & /atues :i* cr[n ! nor!rn "o1 at a height ( ab\t "o hundr$ feet f ! gr\nd1 be+ alike colossal & simple2 visibly s f bel[1 s z to induce no deception1 & yet hone/ly & well-f9i%$ above1 & all t !y are expect$ to be2 ! features v beautiful1 full ( expression1 & z delicately wr\ght z any "w ( ! p]iod4 ,h ,h5ce=w>d1 = ! sake ( conv5i5ce1 :5 ,i "n any ca!dral t[n 9 ?is mann]1 let me be und]/ood to speak ( its ca!dral *ur*4 ,,xiii4 ,x is to be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t :ile ! ornam5ts 9 e f9e anci5t build+1 )\t exception s f> z ,i am aw>e1 are mo/ delicate at ! base1 !y are (t5 9 great] effective quantity on ! upp] p>ts4 ,9 high t[]s ?is is p]fectly natural & "r1 ! solidity ( ! f\ndation be+ z necess>y z ! division & p5etration ( ! sup]/ructure2 h5ce ! light] "w & ri*ly pi]c$ cr[ns ( late ,go?ic t[]s4 ,! campanile ( ,giotto at ,flor5ce1 already allud$ to1 is an exquisite in/ance ( ! union ( ! two pr9ciples1 delicate bas-reliefs adorn+ its massy f\ndation1 :ile ! op5 trac]y ( ! upp] w9d[s attracts ! eye by its sl5d] intricacy1 & a ri* cornice cr[ns ! :ole4 ,9 su* truly f9e cases ( ?is disposition ! upp] "w is effective by its quantity & intricacy only1 z ! l[] portions by delicacy2 s also 9 ! ,t\r de ,beurre at ,r\51 :]e1 h[ev]1 ! detail is massy ?r\gh\t1 subdivid+ into ri* me%es z x asc5ds4 ,9 ! bodies ( build+s ! pr9ciple is less safe1 b its discussion is n connect$ ) our pres5t subject4 ,,xiv4 ,f9ally1 "w may be wa/$ by be+ too good = its mat]ial1 or too f9e to be> exposure2 & ?is1 g5]ally a *>act]i/ic ( late1 especially ( r5aissance1 "w1 is p]haps ! wor/ fault ( all4 ,i d n "k any?+ m pa9ful or pitiful ?an ! k9d ( ivory c>v+ ) :i* ! ,c]tosa ( ,pavia1 & "p ( ! ,colleone sepul*ral *apel at ,b]gamo1 & o!r su* build+s1 are incru/$1 ( :i* x is n possible s mu* z to ?9k )\t exhau/ion2 & a heavy s5se ( ! mis]y x w\ld be1 to be =c$ to look at x at all4 ,& ?is is n f ! quantity ( x1 nor because x is bad "w--mu* ( x is inv5tive & able2 b because x looks z if x 7 only fit to be put 9 inlaid cab9ets & velvet$ caskets1 & z if x c\ld n be> "o drift+ %[] or gnaw+ fro/4 ,we are afraid = x1 anxi\s ab\t x1 & torm5t$ by x2 & we feel t a massy %aft & a bold %ad[ w\ld be wor? x all4 ,nev]!less1 ev5 9 cases l ^!1 mu* dep5ds on ! accompli%m5t ( ! great ends ( decoration4 ,if ! ornam5t does its duty--if x is ornam5t1 & its po9ts ( %ade & light tell 9 ! g5]al effect1 we %all n be (f5d$ by f9d+ t ! sculptor 9 8 fulness ( fancy has *os5 to give mu* m ?an ^! m]e po9ts ( light1 & has compos$ !m ( gr\ps ( figures4 ,b if ! ornam5t does n answ] its purpose1 if x h no di/ant1 no truly decorative p[]2 if g5]ally se5 x be a m]e incru/ation & mean+less r\ghness1 we %all only be *agr9$ by f9d+ :5 we look close1 t ! incru/ation has co/ ye>s ( labor & has millions ( figures & hi/ories 9 x & w\ld be ! bett] ( be+ se5 ?r\gh a ,/anhope l5s4 ,h5ce ! greatness ( ! nor!rn ,go?ic z contra/$ ) ! late/ ,italian4 ,x rea*es ne>ly ! same extreme ( detail2 b x nev] loses sight ( its ar*itectural purpose1 nev] fails 9 its decorative p[]2 n a leaflet 9 x b speaks1 & speaks f> (f1 too2 & s long z ?is be ! case1 !re is no limit to ! luxuriance 9 :i* su* "w may legitimately & nobly be be/[$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i4--7,page #cc--,vol4 ,v7 ,,ornam5ts ,,f ,,r\51 ,,/4 ,,lo1 ,,& ,,v5ice4 ,,xv4 ,no limit3 x is "o ( ! affectations ( ar*itects to speak ( ov]*>g$ ornam5t4 ,ornam5t _c be ov]*>g$ if x be good1 & is always ov]*>g$ :5 x is bad4 ,i h giv51 on ! opposite page 7fig4 #a71 "o ( ! smalle/ ni*es ( ! c5tral gate ( ,r\54 ,t gate ,i suppose to be ! mo/ exquisite piece ( pure flamboyant "w exi/+2 = ?\gh ,i h spok5 ( ! upp] portions1 especially ! rec$+ w9d[1 z deg5]ate1 ! gate itself is ( a pur] p]iod1 & has h>dly any r5aissance ta9t4 ,!re are f\r /r+s ( ^! ni*es 7ea* ) two figures b5ea? x7 r\nd ! por*1 f ! gr\nd to ! top ( ! ar*1 ) ?ree int]m$iate r[s ( l>g] ni*es1 f> m elaborate2 besides ! six pr9cipal canopies ( ea* out] pi]4 ,! total numb] ( ! subord9ate ni*es alone1 ea* work$ l t 9 ! plate1 & ea* ) a diff]5t patt]n ( trac]ies 9 ea* comp>tm5t1 is "o hundr$ & sev5ty-six4#d ,yet 9 all ?is ornam5t !re is n "o cusp1 "o f9ial t is useless--n a /roke ( ! *isel is 9 va92 ! grace & luxuriance ( x all are visible--s5sible r--ev5 to ! un9quir+ eye2 & all its m9ut5ess does n dim9i% ! maje/y1 :ile x increases ! my/]y1 ( ! noble & unbrok5 vault4 ,x is n less ! boa/ ( "s /yles t !y c be> ornam5t1 ?an ( o!rs t !y c d )\t x2 b we d n (t5 en\gh reflect t ^? v /yles1 ( s haughty simplicity1 owe "p ( _! pleasurabl5ess to contra/1 & w\ld be we>isome if univ]sal4 ,!y are b ! re/s & monotones ( ! art2 x is to its f> happi]1 f> high]1 exaltation t we owe ^? fair fronts ( v>iegat$ mosaic1 *>g$ ) wild fancies & d>k ho/s ( imag]y1 ?ick] & qua9t] ?an ev] fill$ ! dep? ( midsumm] dream2 ^? vault$ gates1 trellis$ ) close leaves2 ^? w9d[-labyr9?s ( twi/$ trac]y & />ry light2 ^? mi/y masses ( multitud9\s p9nacle & diadem$ t[]2 ! only witnesses1 p]haps t rema9 to u ( ! fai? & fe> ( nations4 ,all else = :i* ! build]s sacrific$1 has pass$ away--all _! liv+ int]e/s1 & aims1 & a*ievem5ts4 ,we "k n = :at !y labor$1 & we see no evid5ce ( _! rew>d4 ,victory1 weal?1 au?ority1 happ9ess--all h dep>t$1 ?\gh b\ght by _m a bitt] sacrifice4 ,b ( !m1 & _! life1 & _! toil ^u ! e>?1 "o rew>d1 "o evid5ce1 is left to u 9 ^? gray heaps ( deep-wr\ght /one4 ,!y h tak5 ) !m to ! grave _! p[]s1 _! honors1 & _! errors2 b !y h left u _! adoration4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,lamp ,,( ,,tru?4 ,i4 ,!re is a m>k$ lik5ess betwe5 ! virtues ( man & ! enlight5m5t ( ! globe he inhabits--! same dim9i%+ gradation 9 vigor up to ! limits ( _! doma9s1 ! same ess5tial sep>ation f _! contr>ies--! same twilight at ! meet+ ( ! two3 a some?+ wid] belt ?an ! l9e :]e ! _w rolls into night1 t /range twilight ( ! virtues2 t dusky debateable l&1 :]e9 zeal becomes impati5ce1 & temp]ance becomes sev]ity1 & ju/ice becomes cruelty1 & fai? sup]/ition1 & ea* & all vani% into gloom4 ,nev]!less1 ) ! great] numb] ( !m1 ?\gh _! dimness increases gradually1 we may m>k ! mom5t ( _! sunset2 &1 happily1 may turn ! %ad[ back by ! way by :i* x _h gone d[n3 b = "o1 ! l9e ( ! horizon is irregul> & undef9$2 & ?is1 too1 ! v equator & girdle ( !m all--,tru?2 t only "o ( :i* !re are no degrees1 b breaks & r5ts cont9ually2 t pill> ( ! e>?1 yet a cl\dy pill>2 t gold5 & n>r[ l9e1 :i* ! v p[]s & virtues t lean ^u x b5d1 :i* policy & prud5ce conceal1 :i* k9dness & c\rtesy modify1 :i* c\rage ov]%ad[s ) 8 %ield1 imag9ation cov]s ) h] w+s1 & *>ity dims ) h] te>s4 ,h[ difficult mu/ ! ma9t5ance ( t au?ority be1 :i*1 :ile x has to re/ra9 ! ho/ility ( all ! wor/ pr9ciples ( man1 has also to re/ra9 ! disord]s ( 8 be/--:i* is cont9ually assault$ by ! "o1 & betray$ by ! o!r1 & :i* reg>ds ) ! same sev]ity ! lighte/ & ! bolde/ violations ( its law6 ,!re are "s faults slight 9 ! sight ( love1 "s errors slight 9 ! e/imate ( wisdom2 b tru? =gives no insult1 & endures no /a94 ,we d n en\gh consid] ?is2 nor en\gh dread ! slight & cont9ual occasions ( (f5ce aga9/ h]4 ,we are too mu* 9 ! habit ( look+ at falsehood 9 its d>ke/ associations1 & ?r\gh ! color ( its wor/ purposes4 ,t indignation :i* we pr(ess to feel at deceit absolute1 is inde$ only at deceit malici\s4 ,we res5t calumny1 hypocrisy & trea*]y1 because !y h>m u1 n because !y are untrue4 ,take ! detraction & ! mis*ief f ! untru?1 & we are little (f5d$ by x2 turn x into praise1 & we may be pleas$ ) x4 ,& yet x is n calumny nor trea*]y t does ! l>ge/ sum ( mis*ief 9 ! _w2 !y are cont9ually cru%$1 & are felt only 9 be+ conqu]$4 ,b x is ! gli/5+ & s(tly spok5 lie2 ! amiable fallacy2 ! patriotic lie ( ! hi/orian1 ! provid5t lie ( ! politician1 ! zeal\s lie ( ! p>tizan1 ! m]ciful lie ( ! fri5d1 & ! c>eless lie ( ea* man to himself1 t ca/ t black my/]y ov] humanity1 ?r\gh :i* any man :o pi]ces1 we ?ank z we w\ld ?ank "o :o dug a well 9 a des]t2 happy 9 t ! ?ir/ = tru? /ill rema9s ) u1 ev5 :5 we h wilfully left ! f\nta9s ( x4 ,x w\ld be well if morali/s less frequ5tly confus$ ! greatness ( a s9 ) its unp>donabl5ess4 ,! two *>act]s are altoge!r di/9ct4 ,! greatness ( a fault dep5ds p>tly on ! nature ( ! p]son aga9/ :om x is committ$1 p>tly ^u ! ext5t ( its consequ5ces4 ,its p>donabl5ess dep5ds1 humanly speak+1 on ! degree ( temptation to x4 ,"o class ( circum/ances det]m9es ! weight ( ! atta*+ puni%m5t2 ! o!r1 ! claim to remission ( puni%m5t3 & s9ce x is n easy = m5 to e/imate ! relative weight1 nor possible = !m to "k ! relative consequ5ces1 ( crime1 x is usually wise 9 !m to quit ! c>e ( su* nice measurem5ts1 & to look to ! o!r & cle>] condition ( culpability2 e/eem+ ^? faults wor/ :i* are committ$ "u lea/ temptation4 ,i d n mean to dim9i% ! blame ( ! injuri\s & malici\s s91 ( ! selfi% & delib]ate falsity2 yet x seems to me1 t ! %orte/ way to *eck ! d>k] =ms ( deceit is to set wat* m scrupul\s aga9/ ^? :i* h m+l$1 unreg>d$ & un*a/is$1 ) ! curr5t ( our life4 ,d n let u lie at all4 ,d n ?9k ( "o falsity z h>mless1 & ano!r z slight1 & ano!r z un9t5d$4 ,ca/ !m all aside3 !y may be light & accid5tal2 b !y are an ugly soot f ! smoke ( ! pit1 = all t2 & x is bett] t our he>ts %\ld be swept clean ( !m1 )\t ov] c>e z to :i* is l>ge/ or blacke/4 ,speak+ tru? is l writ+ fair1 & comes only by practice2 x is less a matt] ( w ?an ( habit1 & ,i d\bt if any occasion c be trivial :i* p]mits ! practice & =mation ( su* a habit4 ,to speak & act tru? ) con/ancy & precision is ne>ly z difficult1 & p]haps z m]itori\s1 z to speak x "u intimidation or p5alty2 & x is a /range ?\ght h[ _m m5 !re are1 z ,i tru/1 :o w\ld hold to x at ! co/ ( =tune or life1 = "o :o w\ld hold to x at ! co/ ( a little daily tr\ble4 ,& see+ t ( all s9 !re is1 p]haps1 no "o m flatly opposite to ! ,almighty1 no "o m want+ ! good ( virtue & ( be+1 ?an ?is ( ly+1 x is surely a /range insol5ce to fall into ! f\lness ( x on light or on no temptation1 & surely becom+ an honorable man to resolve t1 :atev] semblances or fallacies ! necess>y c\rse ( 8 life may compel him to be> or to believe1 none %all di/urb ! s]5ity ( 8 volunt>y actions1 nor dim9i% ! reality ( 8 *os5 delights4 ,,ii4 ,if ?is be j & wise = tru?'s sake1 mu* m is x necess>y = ! sake ( ! delights ov] :i* %e has influ5ce4 ,=1 z ,i advocat$ ! expression ( ! ,_s ( ,sacrifice 9 ! acts & pleasures ( m51 n z if !reby ^? acts c\ld fur!r ! cause ( religion1 b because mo/ assur$ly !y might !re9 be inf9itely ennobl$ !mselves1 s ,i w\ld h ! ,_s or ,lamp ( ,tru? cle> 9 ! he>ts ( our arti/s & h&icraftsm51 n z if ! tru?ful practice ( h&icrafts c\ld f> advance ! cause ( tru?1 b because ,i w\ld fa9 see ! h&icrafts !mselves urg$ by ! spurs ( *ivalry3 & x is1 inde$1 m>vell\s to see :at p[] & univ]sality !re is 9 ?is s+le pr9ciple1 & h[ 9 ! consult+ or =gett+ ( x lies half ! dignity or decl9e ( e art & act ( man4 ,i h be=e endeavor$ to %[ its range & p[] 9 pa9t+2 & ,i believe a volume1 in/ead ( a *apt]1 might be writt5 on its au?ority ov] all t is great 9 ar*itecture4 ,b ,i mu/ be cont5t ) ! =ce ( in/ances few & famili>1 believ+ t ! occasions ( its manife/ation may be m easily discov]$ by a desire to be true1 ?an embrac$ by an analysis ( tru?4 ,only x is v necess>y 9 ! outset to m>k cle>ly :]e9 consi/s ! ess5ce ( fallacy z di/+ui%$ f supposition4 ,,iii4 ,= x might be at fir/ ?\ght t ! :ole k+dom ( imag9ation 0 "o ( deception also4 ,n s3 ! action ( ! imag9ation is a volunt>y summon+ ( ! conceptions ( ?+s abs5t or impossible2 & ! pleasure & nobility ( ! imag9ation p>tly consi/ 9 its k & contemplation ( !m z su*1 i4e4 9 ! k ( _! actual abs5ce or impossibility at ! mom5t ( _! app>5t pres5ce or reality4 ,:5 ! imag9ation deceives x becomes madness4 ,x is a noble faculty s long z x confesses its own ideality2 :5 x ceases to confess ?is1 x is insanity4 ,all ! diff]5ce lies 9 ! fact ( ! confession1 9 !re be+ no deception4 ,x is necess>y to our rank z spiritual creatures1 t we %\ld be able to inv5t & to behold :at is n2 & to our rank z moral creatures t we %\ld "k & confess at ! same "t t x is n4 ,,iv4 ,aga91 x might be ?\ght1 & has be5 ?\ght1 t ! :ole art ( pa9t+ is no?+ else ?an an endeavor to deceive4 ,n s3 x is1 on ! contr>y1 a /atem5t ( c]ta9 facts1 9 ! cle>e/ possible way4 ,= in/ance3 ,i desire to give an acc\nt ( a m\nta9 or ( a rock2 ,i beg9 by tell+ its %ape4 ,b words w n d ?is di/9ctly1 & ,i draw its %ape1 & say1 ,?is 0 its %ape4 ,next3 ,i w\ld fa9 repres5t its color2 b words w n d ?is ei!r1 & ,i dye ! pap]1 & say1 ,?is 0 its color4 ,su* a process may be c>ri$ on until ! sc5e appe>s to exi/1 & a high pleasure may be tak5 9 its app>5t exi/5ce4 ,?is is a communicat$ act ( imag9ation1 b no lie4 ,! lie c consi/ only 9 an ass]tion ( its exi/5ce 7:i* is nev] = "o in/ant made1 impli$1 or believ$71 or else 9 false /atem5ts ( =ms & colors 7:i* are1 inde$1 made & believ$ to our great loss1 cont9ually74 ,& obs]ve1 also1 t s degrad+ a ?+ is deception 9 ev5 ! approa* & appe>ance ( x1 t all pa9t+ :i* ev5 rea*es ! m>k ( app>5t realization1 is degrad$ 9 s do+4 ,i h en\gh insi/$ on ?is po9t 9 ano!r place4 ,v4 ,! violations ( tru?1 :i* di%onor poetry & pa9t+1 are ?us = ! mo/ "p conf9$ to ! treatm5t ( _! subjects4 ,b 9 ar*itecture ano!r & a less subtle1 m contemptible1 violation ( tru? is possible2 a direct falsity ( ass]tion respect+ ! nature ( mat]ial1 or ! quantity ( labor4 ,& ?is is1 9 ! full s5se ( ! ^w1 wrong2 x is z truly des]v+ ( reprobation z any o!r moral del9qu5cy2 x is unwor?y alike ( ar*itects & ( nations2 & x has be5 a sign1 :]ev] x has widely & ) tol]ation exi/$1 ( a s+ul> debasem5t ( ! arts2 t x is n a sign ( worse ?an ?is1 ( a g5]al want ( sev]e probity1 c be acc\nt$ = only by our k ( ! /range sep>ation :i* has = "s c5turies exi/$ betwe5 ! arts & all o!r subjects ( human intellect1 z matt]s ( consci5ce4 ,?is )drawal ( consci5ti\sness f among ! faculties conc]n$ ) art1 :ile x has de/roy$ ! arts !mselves1 has also r5d]$ 9 a measure nugatory ! evid5ce :i* o!rwise !y might h pres5t$ respect+ ! "* ( ! respective nations among :om !y h be5 cultivat$2 o!rwise1 x might appe> m ?an /range t a nation s di/+ui%$ = its g5]al uprightness & fai? z ! ,engli%1 %\ld admit 9 _! ar*itecture m ( pret5ce1 concealm5t1 & deceit1 ?an any o!r ( ?is or ( pa/ "t4 ,!y are admitt$ 9 ?\ghtlessness1 b ) fatal effect ^u ! art 9 :i* !y are practis$4 ,if !re 7 no o!r causes = ! failures :i* ( late h m>k$ e great occasion = ar*itectural ex]tion1 ^! petty di%one/ies w\ld be en\gh to acc\nt = all4 ,x is ! fir/ /ep & n ! lea/1 t[>ds greatness to d away ) ^!2 ! fir/1 because s evid5tly & easily 9 our p[]4 ,we may n be able to comm& good1 or beautiful1 or inv5tive ar*itecture2 b we c comm& an hone/ ar*itecture3 ! meagr5ess ( pov]ty may be p>don$1 ! /]nness ( utility respect$2 b :at is !re b scorn = ! meanness ( deception8 ,,vi4 ,ar*itectural ,deceits are broadly to be consid]$ "u ?ree heads3-- #a/4 ,! sugge/ion ( a mode ( /ructure or support1 o!r ?an ! true "o2 z 9 p5dants ( late ,go?ic ro(s4 #b;d4 ,! pa9t+ ( surfaces to repres5t "s o!r mat]ial ?an t ( :i* !y actually consi/ 7z 9 ! m>bl+ ( wood71 or ! deceptive repres5tation ( sculptur$ ornam5t ^u !m4 #c;d4 ,! use ( ca/ or ma*9e-made ornam5ts ( any k9d4 ,n[1 x may be broadly /at$1 t ar*itecture w be noble exactly 9 ! degree 9 :i* all ^! false exp$i5ts are avoid$4 ,nev]!less1 !re are c]ta9 degrees ( !m1 :i*1 ow+ to _! frequ5t usage1 or to o!r causes1 h s f> lo/ ! nature ( deceit z to be admissible2 z1 = in/ance1 gild+1 :i* is 9 ar*itecture no deceit1 because x is !re9 n und]/ood = gold2 :ile 9 jewell]y x is a deceit1 because x is s und]/ood1 & !re=e altoge!r to be repreh5d$4 ,s t !re arise1 9 ! application ( ! /rict rules ( "r1 _m exceptions & niceties ( consci5ce2 :i* let u z briefly z possible exam9e4 ,,vii4 #a/4 ,/ructural ,deceits4 ,i h limit$ ^! to ! det]m9$ & purpos$ sugge/ion ( a mode ( support o!r ?an ! true "o4 ,! ar*itect is n b\nd to exhibit /ructure2 nor are we to compla9 ( him = conceal+ x1 any m ?an we %\ld regret t ! out] surfaces ( ! human frame conceal mu* ( its anatomy2 nev]!less1 t build+ w g5]ally be ! noble/1 :i* to an intellig5t eye discov]s ! great secrets ( its /ructure1 z an animal =m does1 al?\gh f a c>eless obs]v] !y may be conceal$4 ,9 ! vault+ ( a ,go?ic ro( x is no deceit to ?r[ ! /r5g? into ! ribs ( x1 & make ! int]m$iate vault a m]e %ell4 ,su* a /ructure w\ld be presum$ by an intellig5t obs]v]1 ! fir/ "t he saw su* a ro(2 & ! beauty ( its trac]ies w\ld be enhanc$ to him if !y confess$ & foll[$ ! l9es ( its ma9 /r5g?4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! int]m$iate %ell 7 made ( wood in/ead ( /one1 & :itewa%$ to look l ! re/1--?is w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be direct deceit1 & altoge!r unp>donable4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a c]ta9 deception necess>ily occurr+ 9 ,go?ic ar*itecture1 :i* relates1 n to ! po9ts1 b to ! mann]1 ( support4 ,! resemblance 9 its %afts & ribs to ! ext]nal relations ( /ems & bran*es1 :i* has be5 ! gr\nd ( s mu* fooli% speculation1 necess>ily induces 9 ! m9d ( ! spectator a s5se or belief ( a correspond5t int]nal /ructure2 t is to say1 ( a fibr\s & cont9u\s /r5g? f ! root into ! limbs1 & an ela/icity communicat$ upw>ds1 suffici5t = ! support ( ! ramifi$ portions4 ,! idea ( ! real conditions1 ( a great weight ( ceil+ ?r[n ^u c]ta9 n>r[1 jo9t$ l9es1 :i* h a t5d5cy p>tly to be cru%$1 & p>tly to sep>ate & be pu%$ outw>ds1 is ) difficulty receiv$2 & ! m s :5 ! pill>s w\ld be1 if unassi/$1 too slight = ! weight1 & are support$ by ext]nal fly+ buttresses1 z 9 ! apse ( ,beauvais1 & o!r su* a*ievem5ts ( ! bold] ,go?ic4 ,n[1 !re is a nice "q ( consci5ce 9 ?is1 :i* we %all h>dly settle b by consid]+ t1 :5 ! m9d is in=m$ beyond ! possibility ( mi/ake z to ! true nature ( ?+s1 ! affect+ x ) a contr>y impression1 h[ev] di/9ct1 is no di%one/y1 b on ! contr>y1 a legitimate appeal to ! imag9ation4 ,= in/ance1 ! great] "p ( ! happ9ess :i* we h 9 contemplat+ cl\ds1 results f ! impression ( _! hav+ massive1 lum9\s1 w>m1 & m\nta9-l surfaces2 & our delight 9 ! sky frequ5tly dep5ds ^u our consid]+ x z a blue vault4 ,b we "k ! contr>y1 9 bo? in/ances2 we "k ! cl\d to be a damp fog1 or a drift ( sn[ flakes2 & ! sky to be a lightless abyss4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 no di%one/y1 :ile !re is mu* delight1 9 ! irresi/ibly contr>y impression4 ,9 ! same way1 s long z we see ! /ones & jo9ts1 & are n deceiv$ z to ! po9ts ( support 9 any piece ( ar*itecture1 we may r praise ?an regret ! dextr\s artifices :i* compel u to feel z if !re 7 fibre 9 its %afts & life 9 its bran*es4 ,nor is ev5 ! concealm5t ( ! support ( ! ext]nal buttress repreh5sible1 s long z ! pill>s are n s5sibly inadequate to _! duty4 ,= ! weight ( a ro( is a circum/ance ( :i* ! spectator g5]ally has no idea1 & ! provisions = x1 consequ5tly1 circum/ances ^: necessity or adaptation he c\ld n und]/&4 ,x is no deceit1 !re=e1 :5 ! weight to be borne is necess>ily unkn[n1 to conceal also ! means ( be>+ x1 leav+ only to be p]ceiv$ s mu* ( ! support z is inde$ adequate to ! weight suppos$4 ,= ! %afts d1 inde$1 be> z mu* z !y are ev] imag9$ to be>1 & ! sy/em ( add$ support is no m1 z a matt] ( consci5ce1 to be exhibit$1 ?an1 9 ! human or any o!r =m1 me*anical provisions = ^? functions :i* are !mselves unp]ceiv$4 ,b ! mom5t t ! conditions ( weight are compreh5d$1 bo? tru? & feel+ require t ! conditions ( support %\ld be also compreh5d$4 ,no?+ c be worse1 ei!r z judg$ by ! ta/e or ! consci5ce1 ?an affect$ly inadequate supports--susp5sions 9 air1 & o!r su* tricks & vanities4 ,mr4 ,hope wisely repreh5ds1 = ?is reason1 ! arrangem5t ( ! ma9 pi]s ( ,/4 ,sophia at ,con/ant9ople4 ,k+'s ,college ,*apel1 ,cambridge1 is a piece ( ar*itectural juggl+1 if possible /ill m to be condemn$1 because less sublime4 ,,viii4 ,) deceptive concealm5ts ( /ructure are to be class$1 ?\gh /ill m blameable1 deceptive assumptions ( x--! introduction ( memb]s :i* %\ld h1 or pr(ess to h1 a duty1 & h none4 ,"o ( ! mo/ g5]al in/ances ( ?is w be f\nd 9 ! =m ( ! fly+ buttress 9 late ,go?ic4 ,! use ( t memb] is1 ( c\rse1 to convey support f "o pi] to ano!r :5 ! plan ( ! build+ r5d]s x necess>y or desirable t ! support+ masses %\ld be divid$ into gr\ps1 ! mo/ frequ5t necessity ( ?is k9d aris+ f ! int]m$iate range ( *apels or aisles betwe5 ! nave or *oir walls & _! support+ pi]s4 ,! natural1 heal?y1 & beautiful arrangem5t is t ( a /eeply slop+ b> ( /one1 su/a9$ by an ar* ) its sp&ril c>ri$ f>!/ d[n on ! l[e/ side1 & dy+ into ! v]tical ( ! out] pi]2 t pi] be+1 ( c\rse1 n squ>e1 b r a piece ( wall set at "r angles to ! support$ walls1 &1 if ne$ be1 cr[n$ by a p9nacle to give x great] weight4 ,! :ole arrangem5t is exquisitely c>ri$ out 9 ! *oir ( ,beauvais4 ,9 lat] ,go?ic ! p9nacle became gradually a decorative memb]1 & 0 us$ 9 all places m]ely = ! sake ( its beauty4 ,!re is no objection to ?is2 x is j z lawful to build a p9nacle = its beauty z a t[]2 b also ! buttress became a decorative memb]2 & 0 us$1 fir/1 :]e x 0 n want$1 &1 secondly1 9 =ms 9 :i* x c\ld be ( no use1 becom+ a m]e tie1 n betwe5 ! pi] & wall1 b betwe5 ! wall & ! top ( ! decorative p9nacle1 ?us atta*+ itself to ! v po9t :]e its ?ru/1 if x made any1 c\ld n be resi/$4 ,! mo/ flagrant in/ance ( ?is b>b>ism t ,i rememb] 7?\gh x prevails p>tially 9 all ! spires ( ! ,ne!rl&s71 is ! lant]n ( ,/4 ,ou5 at ,r\51 :]e ! pi]c$ buttress1 hav+ an ogee curve1 looks ab\t z mu* calculat$ to be> a ?ru/ z a swit* ( will[2 & ! p9nacles1 huge & ri*ly decorat$1 h evid5tly no "w to d :atsoev]1 b /& r\nd ! c5tral t[]1 l f\r idle s]vants1 z !y are--h]aldic support]s1 t c5tral t[] be+ m]ely a holl[ cr[n1 :i* ne$s no m buttress+ ?an a basket does4 ,9 fact1 ,i d n "k any?+ m /range or unwise ?an ! praise lavi%$ ^u ?is lant]n2 x is "o ( ! base/ pieces ( ,go?ic 9 ,europe2 its flamboyant trac]ies ( ! la/ & mo/ degrad$ =ms2#e & its entire plan & decoration resembl+1 & des]v+ little m cr$it ?an1 ! burnt sug> ornam5ts ( elaborate confection]y4 ,!re are h>dly any ( ! magnific5t & s]5e con/ructions ( ! e>ly ,go?ic :i* h n1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 be5 gradually ?9n$ & p>$ away into ^! skeletons1 :i* sometimes inde$1 :5 _! l9es truly foll[ ! /ructure ( ! orig9al masses1 h an int]e/ l t ( ! fibr\s framework ( leaves f :i* ! sub/ance has be5 dissolv$1 b :i* are usually di/ort$ z well z emaciat$1 & rema9 b ! sickly phantoms & mock]ies ( ?+s t 72 !y are to true ar*itecture :at ! ,greek gho/ 0 to ! arm$ & liv+ frame2 & ! v w9ds t :i/le ?r\gh ! ?reads ( !m1 are to ! diapason$ e*oes ( ! anci5t walls1 z to ! voice ( ! man 0 ! p9+ ( ! spectre4#f ,,ix4 ,p]haps ! mo/ fruitful s\rce ( ^! k9ds ( corruption :i* we h to gu>d aga9/ 9 rec5t times1 is "o :i*1 nev]!less1 comes 9 a que/ionable %ape1 & ( :i* x is n easy to det]m9e ! prop] laws & limits2 ,i mean ! use ( iron4 ,! def9ition ( ! art ( ar*itecture1 giv5 9 ! fir/ *apt]1 is indep5d5t ( its mat]ials3 nev]!less1 t art hav+ be51 up to ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury1 practis$ = ! mo/ "p 9 clay1 /one1 or wood1 x has result$ t ! s5se ( proportion & ! laws ( /ructure h be5 bas$1 ! "o altoge!r1 ! o!r 9 great "p1 on ! necessities consequ5t on ! employm5t ( ^? mat]ials2 & t ! entire or pr9cipal employm5t ( metallic framework w\ld1 !re=e1 be g5]ally felt z a dep>ture f ! fir/ pr9ciples ( ! art4 ,ab/ract$ly !re appe>s no reason :y iron %\ld n be us$ z well z wood2 & ! "t is probably ne> :5 a new sy/em ( ar*itectural laws w be develop$1 adapt$ entirely to metallic con/ruction4 ,b ,i believe t ! t5d5cy ( all pres5t sympa?y & association is to limit ! idea ( ar*itecture to non-metallic "w2 & t n )\t reason4 ,= ar*itecture be+ 9 its p]fection ! e>lie/1 z 9 its elem5ts x is necess>ily ! fir/1 ( arts1 w always prec$e1 9 any b>b>\s nation1 ! possession ( ! sci5ce necess>y ei!r = ! obta9+ or ! managem5t ( iron4 ,its fir/ exi/5ce & its e>lie/ laws mu/1 !re=e1 dep5d ^u ! use ( mat]ials accessible 9 quantity1 & on ! surface ( ! e>?2 t is to say1 clay1 wood1 or /one3 & z ,i ?9k x _c b be g5]ally felt t "o ( ! *ief dignities ( ar*itecture is its hi/orical use2 & s9ce ! latt] is p>tly dep5d5t on consi/5cy ( /yle1 x w be felt "r to reta9 z f> z may be1 ev5 9 p]iods ( m advanc$ sci5ce1 ! mat]ials & pr9ciples ( e>li] ages4 ,x4 ,b :e!r ?is be grant$ me or n1 ! fact is1 t e idea respect+ size1 proportion1 decoration1 or con/ruction1 on :i* we are at pres5t 9 ! habit ( act+ or judg+1 dep5ds on presupposition ( su* mat]ials3 & z ,i bo? feel myself unable to escape ! influ5ce ( ^! prejudices1 & believe t my read]s w be equally s1 x may be p]haps p]mitt$ to me to assume t true ar*itecture does n admit iron z a con/ructive mat]ial1#g & t su* works z ! ca/-iron c5tral spire ( ,r\5 ,ca!dral1 or ! iron ro(s & pill>s ( our railway /ations1 & ( "s ( our *ur*es1 are n ar*itecture at all4 ,yet x is evid5t t metals may1 & sometimes mu/1 ent] into ! con/ruction to a c]ta9 ext5t1 z nails 9 wood5 ar*itecture1 & !re=e z legitimately rivets & sold]+s 9 /one2 nei!r c we well d5y to ! ,go?ic ar*itect ! p[] ( support+ /atues1 p9nacles1 or trac]ies by iron b>s2 & if we grant ?is ,i d n see h[ we c help all[+ ,brunelles*i 8 iron *a9 ar\nd ! dome ( ,flor5ce1 or ! build]s ( ,salisbury _! elaborate iron b9d+ ( ! c5tral t[]4#h ,if1 h[ev]1 we w\ld n fall into ! old sophi/ry ( ! gra9s ( corn & ! heap1 we mu/ f9d a rule :i* may enable u to /op some:]e4 ,?is rule is1 ,i ?9k1 t metals may be us$ z a cem5t b n z a support4 ,= z cem5ts ( o!r k9ds are (t5 s /rong t ! /ones may easi] be brok5 ?an sep>at$1 & ! wall becomes a solid mass )\t = t reason los+ ! "* ( ar*itecture1 !re is no reason :y1 :5 a nation has obta9$ ! k & practice ( iron "w1 metal rods or rivets %\ld n be us$ 9 ! place ( cem5t1 & e/abli% ! same or a great] /r5g? & adh]5ce1 )\t 9 any wise induc+ dep>ture f ! types & sy/em ( ar*itecture be=e e/abli%$2 nor does x make any diff]5ce except z to sightl9ess1 :e!r ! metal b&s or rods s employ$1 be 9 ! body ( ! wall or on its ext]ior1 or set z /ays & cross-b&s2 s only t ! use ( !m be always & di/9ctly "o :i* might be sup]s$$ by m]e /r5g? ( cem5t2 z = in/ance if a p9nacle or mullion be propp$ or ti$ by an iron b&1 x is evid5t t ! iron only prev5ts ! sep>ation ( ! /ones by lat]al =ce1 :i* ! cem5t w\ld h done1 _h x be5 /rong en\gh4 ,b ! mom5t t ! iron 9 ! lea/ degree takes ! place ( ! /one1 & acts by its resi/ance to cru%+1 & be>s sup]9cumb5t weight1 or if x acts by its own weight z a c\nt]poise1 & s sup]s$es ! use ( p9nacles or buttresses 9 resi/+ a lat]al ?ru/1 or if1 9 ! =m ( a rod or gird]1 x is us$ to d :at wood5 beams w\ld h done z well1 t in/ant ! build+ ceases1 s f> z su* applications ( metal ext5d1 to be true ar*itecture4 ,,xi4 ,! limit1 h[ev]1 ?us det]m9$1 is an ultimate "o1 & x is well 9 all ?+s to be cauti\s h[ we approa* ! utmo/ limit ( lawfulness2 s t1 al?\gh ! employm5t ( metal )9 ?is limit _c be consid]$ z de/roy+ ! v be+ & nature ( ar*itecture1 x w1 if1 extravagant & frequ5t1 d]ogate f ! dignity ( ! "w1 z well z 7:i* is especially to our pres5t po9t7 f its hone/y4 ,= al?\gh ! spectator is n in=m$ z to ! quantity or /r5g? ( ! cem5t employ$1 he w g5]ally conceive ! /ones ( ! build+ to be sep>able & 8 e/imate ( ! skill ( ! ar*itect w be bas$ 9 a great measure on 8 supposition ( ?is condition1 & ( ! difficulties att5dant ^u x3 s t x is always m honorable1 & x has a t5d5cy to r5d] ! /yle ( ar*itecture bo? m mascul9e & m sci5tific1 to employ /one & mort> simply z su*1 & to d z mu* z possible ) ! weight ( ! "o & ! /r5g? ( ! o!r1 & r sometimes to =ego a grace1 or to confess a weakness1 ?an atta9 ! "o1 or conceal ! o!r1 by means v]g+ ^u di%one/y4 ,nev]!less1 :]e ! design is ( su* delicacy & slightness z1 9 "s p>ts ( v fair & f9i%$ edifices1 x is desirable t x %\ld be2 & :]e bo? its completion & security are 9 a measure dep5d5t on ! use ( metal1 let n su* use be repreh5d$2 s only t z mu* is done z may be1 by good mort> & good masonry2 & no slov5ly workman%ip admitt$ ?r\gh confid5ce 9 ! iron helps2 = x is 9 ?is lic5se z 9 t ( w9e1 a man may use x = 8 infirmities1 b n = 8 n\ri%m5t4 ,,xii4 ,&1 9 ord] to avoid an ov] use ( ?is lib]ty1 x w\ld be well to consid] :at application may be conv5i5tly made ( ! dovetail+ & v>i\s adju/+ ( /ones2 = :5 any artifice is necess>y to help ! mort>1 c]ta9ly ?is ought to come be=e ! use ( metal1 = x is bo? saf] & m hone/4 ,i _c see t any objection c be made to ! fitt+ ( ! /ones 9 any %apes ! ar*itect pleases3 = al?\gh x w\ld n be desirable to see build+s put toge!r l ,*9ese puzzles1 !re mu/ always be a *eck ^u su* an abuse ( ! practice 9 its difficulty2 nor is x necess>y t x %\ld be always exhibit$1 s t x be und]/ood by ! spectator z an admitt$ help1 & t no pr9cipal /ones are introduc$ 9 positions app>5tly impossible = !m to reta91 al?\gh a riddle "h & !re1 9 unimportant features1 may sometimes s]ve to draw ! eye to ! masonry1 & make x int]e/+1 z well z to give a delightful s5se ( a k9d ( necromantic p[] 9 ! ar*itect4 ,!re is a pretty "o 9 ! l9tel ( ! lat]al door ( ! ca!dral ( ,prato 7,plate ,,iv4 fig4 #d472 :]e ! ma9t5ance ( ! visibly sep>ate /ones1 alt]nate m>ble & s]p5t9e1 _c be und]/ood until _! cross-cutt+ is se5 bel[4 ,ea* block is1 ( c\rse1 ( ! =m giv5 9 fig4 #e4 ,,xiii4 ,la/ly1 be=e leav+ ! subject ( /ructural deceits1 ,i w\ld rem9d ! ar*itect :o ?9ks t ,i am unnecess>ily & n>r[ly limit+ 8 res\rces or 8 art1 t ! highe/ greatness & ! highe/ wisdom are %[n1 ! fir/ by a noble submission to1 ! second by a ?\ghtful provid5ce =1 c]ta9 volunt>ily admitt$ re/ra9ts4 ,no?+ is m evid5t ?an ?is1 9 t supreme gov]nm5t :i* is ! example1 z x is ! c5tre1 ( all o!rs4 ,! ,div9e ,wisdom is1 & c be1 %[n to u only 9 its meet+ & cont5d+ ) ! difficulties :i* are volunt>ily1 & = ! sake ( t conte/1 admitt$ by ! ,div9e ,omnipot5ce3 & ^! difficulties1 obs]ve1 occur 9 ! =m ( natural laws or ord9ances1 :i* might1 at _m times & 9 c\ntless ways1 be infr+$ ) app>5t advantage1 b :i* are nev] infr+$1 :atev] co/ly arrangem5ts or adaptations _! obs]vance may necessitate = ! accompli%m5t ( giv5 purposes4 ,! example mo/ apposite to our pres5t subject is ! /ructure ( ! bones ( animals4 ,no reason c be giv51 ,i believe1 :y ! sy/em ( ! high] animals %\ld n h be5 made capable1 z t ( ! ,infusoria is1 ( secret+ fl9t1 in/ead ( phosphate ( lime1 or m naturally /ill1 c>bon2 s fram+ ! bones ( adamant at once4 ,! elephant or rh9oc]os1 _h ! e>?y "p ( _! bones be5 made ( diamond1 might h be5 z agile & light z gras%opp]s1 & o!r animals might h be5 fram$ f> m magnific5tly colossal ?an any t walk ! e>?4 ,9 o!r worlds we may1 p]haps1 see su* creations2 a creation = e elem5t1 & elem5ts inf9ite4 ,b ! ar*itecture ( animals "h1 is appo9t$ by ,god to be a m>ble ar*itecture1 n a fl9t nor adamant ar*itecture2 & all mann] ( exp$i5ts are adopt$ to atta9 ! utmo/ degree ( /r5g? & size possible "u t great limitation4 ,! jaw ( ! i*?yosaurus is piec$ & rivet$1 ! leg ( ! mega!rium is a foot ?ick1 & ! head ( ! myodon has a d\ble skull2 we1 9 our wisdom1 %\ld1 d\btless1 h giv5 ! liz>d a /eel jaw1 & ! myodon a ca/-iron headpiece1 & =gott5 ! great pr9ciple to :i* all creation be>s witness1 t ord] & sy/em are nobl] ?+s ?an p[]4 ,b ,god %[s u 9 ,himself1 /range z x may seem1 n only au?oritative p]fection1 b ev5 ! p]fection ( ,ob$i5ce--an ob$i5ce to ,8 own laws3 & 9 ! cumbr\s movem5t ( ^? unwieldie/ ( ,8 creatures we are rem9d$1 ev5 9 ,8 div9e ess5ce1 ( t attribute ( uprightness 9 ! human creature t swe>e? to 8 own hurt & *ange? n4 ,,xiv4 #b;d4 ,surface ,deceits4 ,^! may be g5]ally def9$ z ! induc+ ! supposition ( "s =m or mat]ial :i* does n actually exi/2 z commonly 9 ! pa9t+ ( wood to repres5t m>ble1 or 9 ! pa9t+ ( ornam5ts 9 deceptive relief1 c4 ,b we mu/ be c>eful to obs]ve1 t ! evil ( !m consi/s always 9 def9itely attempt$ deception1 & t x is a matt] ( "s nicety to m>k ! po9t :]e deception beg9s or ends4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ! ro( ( ,milan ,ca!dral is seem+ly cov]$ ) elaborate fan trac]y1 =cibly en\gh pa9t$ to enable x1 9 its d>k & remov$ position1 to deceive a c>eless obs]v]4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 gross degradation2 x de/roys mu* ( ! dignity ev5 ( ! re/ ( ! build+1 & is 9 ! v /ronge/ t]ms to be repreh5d$4 ,! ro( ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel has mu* ar*itectural design 9 grissaille m+l$ ) ! figures ( its frescoes2 & ! effect is increase ( dignity4 ,9 :at lies ! di/9ctive "*8 ,9 two po9ts1 pr9cipally3--,fir/4 ,t ! ar*itecture is s closely associat$ ) ! figures1 & has s gr& fell[%ip ) !m 9 its =ms & ca/ %ad[s1 t bo? are at once felt to be ( a piece2 & z ! figures mu/ necess>ily be pa9t$1 ! ar*itecture is kn[n to be s too4 ,!re is ?us no deception4 ,second4 ,t s great a pa9t] z ,mi*ael ,angelo w\ld always /op %ort 9 su* m9or p>ts ( 8 design1 ( ! degree ( vulg> =ce :i* w\ld be necess>y to induce ! supposition ( _! reality2 &1 /rangely z x may s\nd1 w\ld nev] pa9t badly en\gh to deceive4 ,b ?\gh "r & wrong are ?us f\nd broadly oppos$ 9 works sev]ally s mean & s mighty z ! ro( ( ,milan & t ( ! ,si/9e1 !re are works nei!r s great nor s mean1 9 :i* ! limits ( "r are vaguely def9$1 & w ne$ "s c>e to det]m9e2 c>e only1 h[ev]1 to apply accurately ! broad pr9ciple ) :i* we set out1 t no =m nor mat]ial is to be deceptively repres5t$4 ,,xv4 ,evid5tly1 !n1 pa9t+1 confess$ly su*1 is no deception3 x does n ass]t any mat]ial :atev]4 ,:e!r x be on wood or on /one1 or1 z w naturally be suppos$1 on pla/]1 does n matt]4 ,:atev] ! mat]ial1 good pa9t+ makes x m preci\s2 nor c x ev] be said to deceive respect+ ! gr\nd ( :i* x gives u no in=mation4 ,to cov] brick ) pla/]1 & ?is pla/] ) fresco1 is1 !re=e1 p]fectly legitimate2 & z desirable a mode ( decoration z x is con/ant 9 ! great p]iods4 ,v]ona & ,v5ice are n[ se5 depriv$ ( m ?an half _! =m] spl5dor2 x dep5d$ f> m on _! frescoes ?an _! m>bles4 ,! pla/]1 9 ?is case1 is to be consid]$ z ! gesso gr\nd on panel or canvas4 ,b to cov] brick ) cem5t1 & to divide ?is cem5t ) jo9ts t x may look l /one1 is to tell a falsehood2 & is j z contemptible a proc$ure z ! o!r is noble4 ,x be+ lawful to pa9t !n1 is x lawful to pa9t ev]y?+8 ,s long z ! pa9t+ is confess$--yes2 b if1 ev5 9 ! slighte/ degree1 ! s5se ( x be lo/1 & ! ?+ pa9t$ be suppos$ real--no4 ,let u take a few in/ances4 ,9 ! ,campo ,santo at ,pisa1 ea* fresco is surr\nd$ ) a bord] compos$ ( flat color$ patt]ns ( great elegance--no "p ( x 9 attempt$ relief4 ,! c]ta9ty ( flat surface be+ ?us secur$1 ! figures1 ?\gh ! size ( life1 d n deceive1 & ! arti/ !nce=w>d is at lib]ty to put =? 8 :ole p[]1 & to lead u ?r\gh fields & groves1 & dep?s ( pleasant l&scape1 & to soo! u ) ! sweet cle>ness ( f> (f sky1 & yet nev] lose ! sev]ity ( 8 primal purpose ( ar*itectural decoration4 ,9 ! ,cam]a di ,correggio ( ,san ,lodovico at ,p>ma1 ! trellises ( v9e %ad[ ! walls1 z if ) an actual arbor2 & ! troops ( *ildr51 peep+ ?r\gh ! oval op5+s1 lusci\s 9 color & fa9t 9 light1 may well be expect$ e in/ant to break ?r\gh1 or hide beh9d ! cov]t4 ,! grace ( _! attitudes1 & ! evid5t greatness ( ! :ole "w1 m>k t x is pa9t+1 & b>ely r$eem x f ! *>ge ( falsehood2 b ev5 s sav$1 x is utt]ly unwor?y to take a place among noble or legitimate ar*itectural decoration4 ,9 ! cupola ( ! duomo ( ,p>ma ! same pa9t] has repres5t$ ! ,assumption ) s mu* deceptive p[]1 t he has made a dome ( "s ?irty feet diamet] look l a cl\d-wrapt op5+ 9 ! sev5? heav51 cr[d$ ) a ru%+ sea ( angels4 ,is ?is wrong8 ,n s3 = ! subject at once precludes ! possibility ( deception4 ,we might h tak5 ! v9es = a v]itable p]goda1 & ! *ildr5 = its haunt+ ragazzi2 b we "k ! /ay$ cl\ds & moveless angels mu/ be man's "w2 let him put 8 utmo/ /r5g? to x & welcome1 he c en*ant u1 b _c betray4 ,we may ?us apply ! rule to ! highe/1 z well z ! art ( daily occurr5ce1 always rememb]+ t m is to be =giv5 to ! great pa9t] ?an to ! m]e decorative workman2 & ?is especially1 because ! =m]1 ev5 9 deceptive portions1 w n trick u s grossly2 z we h j se5 9 ,correggio1 :]e a worse pa9t] w\ld h made ! ?+ look l life at once4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 9 room1 villa1 or g>d5 decoration1 "s fitt+ admission ( trick]ies ( ?is k9d1 z ( pictur$ l&scapes at ! extremities ( alleys & arcades1 & ceil+s l skies1 or pa9t$ ) prolongations upw>ds ( ! ar*itecture ( ! walls1 :i* ?+s h sometimes a c]ta9 luxury & pleasureabl5ess 9 places meant = idl5ess1 & are innoc5t en\gh z long z !y are reg>d$ z m]e toys4 ,,xvi4 ,t\*+ ! false repres5tation ( mat]ial1 ! "q is inf9itely m simple1 & ! law m sweep+2 all su* imitations are utt]ly base & inadmissible4 ,x is melan*oly to ?9k ( ! "t & exp5se lo/ 9 m>bl+ ! %op fronts ( ,london alone1 & ( ! wa/e ( our res\rces 9 absolute vanities1 9 ?+s ab\t :i* no mortal c>es1 by :i* no eye is ev] arre/$1 unless pa9fully1 & :i* d n add "o :it to com=t or cleanl9ess1 or ev5 to t great object ( comm]cial art--conspicu\sness4 ,b 9 ar*itecture ( a high] rank1 h[ mu* m is x to be condemn$8 ,i h made x a rule 9 ! pres5t "w n to blame specifically2 b ,i may1 p]haps1 be p]mitt$1 :ile ,i express my s9c]e admiration ( ! v noble entrance & g5]al ar*itecture ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 to express also my regret t ! noble granite f\ndation ( ! /aircase %\ld be mock$ at its l&+ by an imitation1 ! m blameable because tol]ably successful4 ,! only effect ( x is to ca/ a suspicion ^u ! true /ones bel[1 & ^u e bit ( granite aft]w>ds enc\nt]$4 ,"o feels a d\bt1 aft] x1 ( ! hone/y ( ,memnon himself4 ,b ev5 ?is1 h[ev] d]ogatory to ! noble ar*itecture ar\nd x1 is less pa9ful ?an ! want ( feel+ ) :i*1 9 our *eap mod]n *ur*es1 we suff] ! wall decorator to erect ab\t ! alt> frameworks & p$im5ts daub$ ) mottl$ color1 & to dye 9 ! same fa%ions su* skeletons or c>icatures ( columns z may em]ge above ! pews2 ?is is n m]ely bad ta/e2 x is no unimportant or excusable error :i* br+s ev5 ^! %ad[s ( vanity & falsehood into ! h\se ( pray]4 ,! fir/ condition :i* j feel+ requires 9 *ur* furniture is1 t x %\ld be simple & unaffect$1 n fictiti\s nor tawdry4 ,x may be 9 our p[] to make x beautiful1 b let x at lea/ be pure2 & if we _c p]mit mu* to ! ar*itect1 d n let u p]mit any?+ to ! uphol/]]2 if we keep to solid /one & solid wood1 :itewa%$1 if we l1 = cleanl9ess' sake 7= :itewa% has s (t5 be5 us$ z ! dress ( noble ?+s t x has !nce receiv$ a k9d ( nobility itself71 x mu/ be a bad design inde$ :i* is grossly (f5sive4 ,i recollect no in/ance ( a want ( sacr$ "*1 or ( any m>k$ & pa9ful ugl9ess1 9 ! simple/ or ! mo/ awkw>dly built village *ur*1 :]e /one & wood 7 r\ghly & nak$ly us$1 & ! w9d[s lattic$ ) :ite glass4 ,b ! smoo?ly /ucco$ walls1 ! flat ro(s ) v5tilator ornam5ts1 ! b>r$ w9d[s ) jaundic$ bord]s & dead gr\nd squ>e panes1 ! gild$ or bronz$ wood1 ! pa9t$ iron1 ! wret*$ uphol/]y ( curta9s & cu%ions1 & pew heads & alt> rail+s1 & ,birm+ham metal c&le/icks1 &1 above all1 ! gre5 & yell[ sickness ( ! false m>ble--disguises all1 obs]ve2 falsehoods all--:o are !y :o l ^! ?+s8 :o def5d !m8 :o d !m8 ,i h nev] spok5 to any "o :o did l !m1 ?\gh to _m :o ?\ght !m matt]s ( no consequ5ce4 ,p]haps n to religion 7?\gh ,i _c b believe t !re are _m to :om1 z to myself1 su* ?+s are s]i\s ob/acles to ! repose ( m9d & temp] :i* %\ld prec$e devotional ex]cises72 b to ! g5]al tone ( our judgm5t & feel+--yes2 = assur$ly we %all reg>d1 ) tol]ance1 if n ) affection1 :atev] =ms ( mat]ial ?+s we h be5 9 ! habit ( associat+ ) our wor%ip1 & be little prep>$ to detect or blame hypocrisy1 meanness1 & disguise 9 o!r k9ds ( decoration :5 we suff] objects belong+ to ! mo/ solemn ( all s]vices to be trick$ out 9 a fa%ion s fictiti\s & unseemly4 ,,xvii4 ,pa9t+1 h[ev]1 is n ! only mode 9 :i* mat]ial may be conceal$1 or r simulat$2 = m]ely to conceal is1 z we h se51 no wrong4 ,:itewa%1 = in/ance1 ?\gh (t5 7by no means always7 to be regrett$ z a concealm5t1 is n to be blam$ z a falsity4 ,x %[s itself = :at x is1 & ass]ts no?+ ( :at is b5ea? x4 ,gild+ has become1 f its frequ5t use1 equally innoc5t4 ,x is und]/ood = :at x is1 a film m]ely1 & is1 !re=e1 all[able to any ext5t4 ,i d n say exp$i5t3 x is "o ( ! mo/ abus$ means ( magnific5ce we possess1 & ,i mu* d\bt :e!r any use we ev] make ( x1 balances t loss ( pleasure1 :i*1 f ! frequ5t sight & p]petual suspicion ( x1 we suff] 9 ! contemplation ( any?+ t is v]ily ( gold4 ,i ?9k gold 0 meant to be seldom se5 & to be admir$ z a preci\s ?+2 & ,i sometimes wi% t tru? %\ld s f> lit]ally prevail z t all %\ld be gold t glitt]$1 or r t no?+ %\ld glitt] t 0 n gold4 ,nev]!less1 nature h]self does n disp5se ) su* semblance1 b uses light = x2 & ,i h too great a love = old & sa9tly art to "p ) its burni%$ field1 or radiant nimbus2 only x %\ld be us$ ) respect1 & to express magnific5ce1 or sacr$ness1 & n 9 lavi% vanity1 or 9 sign pa9t+4 ,( its exp$i5ce1 h[ev]1 any m ?an ( t ( color1 x is n "h ! place to speak2 we are endeavor+ to det]m9e :at is lawful1 n :at is desirable4 ,( o!r & less common modes ( disguis+ surface1 z ( p[d] ( lapis lazuli1 or mosaic imitations ( color$ /ones1 ,i ne$ h>dly speak4 ,! rule w apply to all alike1 t :atev] is pret5d$1 is wrong2 commonly en=c$ also by ! exce$+ ugl9ess & insuffici5t appe>ance ( su* me?ods1 z lately 9 ! /yle ( r5ovation by :i* half ! h\ses 9 ,v5ice h be5 defac$1 ! brick cov]$ fir/ ) /ucco1 & ?is pa9t$ ) zigzag ve9s 9 imitation ( alaba/]4 ,b !re is "o m =m ( ar*itectural fiction1 :i* is s con/ant 9 ! great p]iods t x ne$s respectful judgm5t4 ,i mean ! fac+ ( brick ) preci\s /one4 ,,xviii4 ,x is well kn[n1 t :at is meant by a *ur*'s be+ built ( m>ble is1 9 ne>ly all cases1 only t a v5e]+ ( m>ble has be5 fa/5$ on ! r\gh brick wall1 built ) c]ta9 projections to receive x2 & t :at appe> to be massy /ones1 are no?+ m ?an ext]nal slabs4 ,n[1 x is evid5t1 t1 9 ?is case1 ! "q ( "r is on ! same gr\nd z 9 t ( gild+4 ,if x be cle>ly und]/ood t a m>ble fac+ does n pret5d or imply a m>ble wall1 !re is no h>m 9 x2 & z x is also evid5t t1 :5 v preci\s /ones are us$1 z jasp]s & s]p5t9es1 x mu/ become1 n only an extravagant & va9 increase ( exp5se1 b sometimes an actual impossibility1 to obta9 mass ( !m en\gh to build )1 !re is no res\rce b ?is ( v5e]+2 nor is !re any?+ to be alleg$ aga9/ x on ! head ( durability1 su* "w hav+ be5 by exp]i5ce f\nd to la/ z long1 & 9 z p]fect condition1 z any k9d ( masonry4 ,x is1 !re=e1 to be consid]$ z simply an art ( mosaic on a l>ge scale1 ! gr\nd be+ ( brick1 or any o!r mat]ial2 & :5 lovely /ones are to be obta9$1 x is a mann] :i* %\ld be ?or\ghly und]/ood1 & (t5 practis$4 ,nev]!less1 z we e/eem ! %aft ( a column m highly = its be+ ( a s+le block1 & z we d n regret ! loss ( sub/ance & value :i* !re is 9 ?+s ( solid gold1 silv]1 agate1 or ivory2 s ,i ?9k ! walls !mselves may be reg>d$ ) a m j complac5cy if !y are kn[n to be all ( noble sub/ance2 & t rightly weigh+ ! dem&s ( ! two pr9ciples ( :i* we h hi!rto spok5--,sacrifice & ,tru?1 we %\ld sometimes r sp>e ext]nal ornam5t ?an dim9i% ! unse5 value & consi/5cy ( :at we d2 & ,i believe t a bett] mann] ( design1 & a m c>eful & /udi\s1 if less abundant decoration w\ld foll[1 ^u ! consci\sness ( ?or\ghness 9 ! sub/ance4 ,&1 inde$1 ?is is to be rememb]$1 ) respect to all ! po9ts we h exam9$2 t :ile we h trac$ ! limits ( lic5se1 we h n fix$ ^? ( t high rectitude :i* refuses lic5se4 ,x is ?us true t !re is no falsity1 & mu* beauty 9 ! use ( ext]nal color1 & t x is lawful to pa9t ei!r pictures or patt]ns on :atev] surfaces may seem to ne$ enri*m5t4 ,b x is n less true1 t su* practices are ess5tially un>*itectural2 & :ile we _c say t !re is actual dang] 9 an ov] use ( !m1 see+ t !y h be5 always us$ mo/ lavi%ly 9 ! times ( mo/ noble art1 yet !y divide ! "w into two p>ts & k9ds1 "o ( less durability ?an ! o!r1 :i* dies away f x 9 process ( ages1 & leaves x1 unless x h noble qualities ( its own1 nak$ & b>e4 ,t endur+ noblesse ,i %\ld1 !re=e1 call truly ar*itectural2 & x is n until ?is has be5 secur$ t ! accessory p[] ( pa9t+ may be call$ 91 = ! delight ( ! imm$iate "t2 nor ?is1 z ,i ?9k1 until e res\rce ( a m /able k9d has be5 exhau/$4 ,! true colors ( ar*itecture are ^? ( natural /one1 & ,i w\ld fa9 see ^! tak5 advantage ( to ! full4 ,e v>iety ( hue1 f pale yell[ to purple1 pass+ ?r\gh orange1 r$1 & br[n1 is entirely at our comm&2 ne>ly e k9d ( gre5 & gray is also atta9able3 & ) ^!1 & pure :ite1 :at h>monies might we n a*ieve8 ,( /a9$ & v>iegat$ /one1 ! quantity is unlimit$1 ! k9ds innum]able2 :]e bright] colors are requir$1 let glass1 & gold protect$ by glass1 be us$ 9 mosaic--a k9d ( "w z durable z ! solid /one1 & incapable ( los+ its lu/re by "t--& let ! pa9t]'s "w be res]v$ = ! %ad[$ loggia & inn] *amb]4 ,?is is ! true & fai?ful way ( build+2 :]e ?is _c be1 ! device ( ext]nal color+ may1 inde$1 be employ$ )\t di%onor2 b x mu/ be ) ! w>n+ reflection1 t a "t w come :5 su* aids mu/ pass away1 & :5 ! build+ w be judg$ 9 its lifelessness1 dy+ ! dea? ( ! dolph94 ,bett] ! less bright1 m endur+ fabric4 ,! transp>5t alaba/]s ( ,san ,m9iato1 & ! mosaics ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 are m w>mly fill$1 & m brightly t\*$1 by e return ( morn+ & ev5+ rays2 :ile ! hues ( our ca!drals h di$ l ! iris out ( ! cl\d2 & ! temples ^: azure & purple once flam$ above ! ,grecian promontories1 /& 9 _! fad$ :it5ess1 l sn[s :i* ! sunset has left cold4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii4--7,page #ee--,vol4 ,v47 ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,( ,,/4 ,,lo1 ,,norm&y4 ,,xix4 ,! la/ =m ( fallacy :i* x w be rememb]$ we _h to deprecate1 0 ! sub/itution ( ca/ or ma*9e "w = t ( ! h&1 g5]ally expressible z ,op]ative ,deceit4 ,!re are two reasons1 bo? weighty1 aga9/ ?is practice2 "o1 t all ca/ & ma*9e "w is bad1 z "w2 ! o!r1 t x is di%one/4 ,( its badness1 ,i %all speak 9 ano!r place1 t be+ evid5tly no effici5t reason aga9/ its use :5 o!r _c be _h4 ,its di%one/y1 h[ev]1 :i*1 to my m9d1 is ( ! grosse/ k9d1 is1 ,i ?9k1 a suffici5t reason to det]m9e absolute & unconditional rejection ( x4 ,ornam5t1 z ,i h (t5 be=e obs]v$1 has two entirely di/9ct s\rces ( agreeabl5ess3 "o1 t ( ! ab/ract beauty ( its =ms1 :i*1 = ! pres5t1 we w suppose to be ! same :e!r !y come f ! h& or ! ma*9e2 ! o!r1 ! s5se ( human labor & c>e sp5t ^u x4 ,h[ great ?is latt] influ5ce we may p]haps judge1 by consid]+ t !re is n a clu/] ( we$s gr[+ 9 any cranny ( ru9 :i* has n a beauty 9 all respects ne>ly equal1 &1 9 "s1 immeasurably sup]ior1 to t ( ! mo/ elaborate sculpture ( its /ones3 & t all our int]e/ 9 ! c>v$ "w1 our s5se ( its ri*ness1 ?\gh x is t5fold less ri* ?an ! knots ( grass beside x2 ( its delicacy1 ?\gh x is a ?\s& fold less delicate2 ( its admirabl5ess1 ?\gh a millionfold less admirable2 results f our consci\sness ( its be+ ! "w ( poor1 clumsy1 toilsome man4 ,its true delightfulness dep5ds on our discov]+ 9 x ! record ( ?\ghts1 & int5ts1 & trials1 & he>t-break+s--( recov]ies & joyfulnesses ( success3 all ?is c be trac$ by a practis$ eye2 b1 grant+ x ev5 obscure1 x is presum$ or und]/ood2 & 9 t is ! wor? ( ! ?+1 j z mu* z ! wor? ( any?+ else we call preci\s4 ,! wor? ( a diamond is simply ! und]/&+ ( ! "t x mu/ take to look = x be=e x c be cut4 ,x has an intr9sic value besides1 :i* ! diamond has n 7= a diamond has no m real beauty ?an a piece ( glass72 b ,i d n speak ( t at pres5t2 ,i place ! two on ! same gr\nd2 & ,i suppose t h&-wr\ght ornam5t c no m be g5]ally kn[n f ma*9e "w1 ?an a diamond c be kn[n f pa/e2 nay1 t ! latt] may deceive1 = a mom5t1 ! mason's1 z ! o!r ! jewell]'s eye2 & t x c be detect$ only by ! close/ exam9ation4 ,yet exactly z a woman ( feel+ w\ld n we> false jewels1 s w\ld a build] ( honor disda9 false ornam5ts4 ,! us+ ( !m is j z d[nright & inexcusable a lie4 ,y use t :i* pret5ds to a wor? :i* x has n2 :i* pret5ds to h co/1 & to be1 :at x did n1 & is n2 x is an imposition1 a vulg>ity1 an imp]t95ce1 & a s94 ,d[n ) x to ! gr\nd1 gr9d x to p[d]1 leave its ragg$ place ^u ! wall1 r2 y h n paid = x1 y h no bus9ess ) x1 y d n want x4 ,nobody wants ornam5ts 9 ?is _w1 b ev]ybody wants integrity4 ,all ! fair devices t ev] 7 fanci$1 are n wor? a lie4 ,leave y\r walls z b>e z a plan$ bo>d1 or build !m ( bak$ mud & *opp$ /raw1 if ne$ be2 b d n r\gh-ca/ !m ) falsehood4 ,?is1 !n1 be+ our g5]al law1 & ,i hold x = a m imp]ative "o ?an any o!r ,i h ass]t$2 & ?is k9d ( di%one/y ! meane/1 z ! lea/ necess>y2 = ornam5t is an extravagant & iness5tial ?+2 &1 !re=e1 if fallaci\s1 utt]ly base--?is1 ,i say1 be+ our g5]al law1 !re are1 nev]!less1 c]ta9 exceptions respect+ p>ticul> sub/ances & _! uses4 ,,xx4 ,?us 9 ! use ( brick2 s9ce t is kn[n to be orig9ally m\ld$1 !re is no reason :y x %\ld n be m\ld$ into div]se =ms4 ,x w nev] be suppos$ to h be5 cut1 & !re=e1 w cause no deception2 x w h only ! cr$it x des]ves4 ,9 flat c\ntries1 f> f any qu>ry ( /one1 ca/ brick may be legitimately1 & mo/ successfully1 us$ 9 decoration1 & t elaborate1 & ev5 ref9$4 ,! brick m\ld+s ( ! ,palazzo ,pepoli at ,bologna1 & ^? :i* run r\nd ! m>ket-place ( ,v]celli1 are among ! ri*e/ 9 ,italy4 ,s also1 tile & porcela9 "w1 ( :i* ! =m] is grotesquely1 b successfully1 employ$ 9 ! dome/ic ar*itecture ( ,france1 color$ tiles be+ ins]t$ 9 ! diamond spaces betwe5 ! cross+ timb]s2 & ! latt] admirably 9 ,tuscany1 9 ext]nal bas-reliefs1 by ! ,robbia family1 9 :i* works1 :ile we _c b sometimes regret ! useless & ill-arrang$ colors1 we w\ld by no means blame ! employm5t ( a mat]ial :i*1 :atev] its defects1 excels e o!r 9 p]man5ce1 &1 p]haps1 requires ev5 great] skill 9 its managem5t ?an m>ble4 ,= x is n ! mat]ial1 b ! abs5ce ( ! human labor1 :i* makes ! ?+ wor?less2 & a piece ( t]ra cotta1 or ( pla/] ( ,p>is1 :i* has be5 wr\ght by human h&1 is wor? all ! /one 9 ,c>r>a1 cut by ma*9]y4 ,x is1 inde$1 possible1 & ev5 usual1 = m5 to s9k into ma*9es !mselves1 s t ev5 h&-"w has all ! *>act]s ( me*anism2 ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 liv+ & dead h&-"w ,i %all speak pres5tly2 all t ,i ask at pres5t is1 :at x is always 9 our p[] to secure--! confession ( :at we h done1 & :at we h giv52 s t :5 we use /one at all1 s9ce all /one is naturally suppos$ to be c>v$ by h&1 we mu/ n c>ve x by ma*9]y2 nei!r mu/ we use any artificial /one ca/ into %ape1 nor any /ucco ornam5ts ( ! color ( /one1 or :i* might 9 anywise be mi/ak5 = x1 z ! /ucco m\ld+s 9 ! cortile ( ! ,palazzo ,vec*io at ,flor5ce1 :i* ca/ a %ame & suspicion ov] e "p ( ! build+4 ,b = ductile & fusible mat]ials1 z clay1 iron1 & bronze1 s9ce ^! w usually be suppos$ to h be5 ca/ or /amp$1 x is at our pleasure to employ !m z we w2 rememb]+ t !y become preci\s1 or o!rwise1 j 9 proportion to ! h&-"w ^u !m1 or to ! cle>ness ( _! reception ( ! h&-"w ( _! m\ld4 ,b ,i believe no cause to h be5 m active 9 ! degradation ( our natural feel+ = beauty1 ?an ! con/ant use ( ca/ iron ornam5ts4 ,! common iron "w ( ! middle ages 0 z simple z x 0 effective1 compos$ ( leafage cut flat out ( %eet iron1 & twi/$ at ! workman's w4 ,no ornam5ts1 on ! contr>y1 are s cold1 clumsy1 & vulg>1 s ess5tially incapable ( a f9e l9e1 or %ad[1 z ^? ( ca/ iron2 & :ile1 on ! score ( tru?1 we c h>dly allege any?+ aga9/ !m1 s9ce !y are always di/+ui%able1 at a glance1 f wr\ght & hamm]$ "w1 & /& only = :at !y are1 yet ,i feel v /rongly t !re is no hope ( ! progress ( ! arts ( any nation :i* indulges 9 ^! vulg> & *eap sub/itutes = real decoration4 ,_! ineffici5cy & paltr9ess ,i %all endeavor to %[ m conclusively 9 ano!r place1 en=c+ only1 at pres5t1 ! g5]al conclusion t1 if ev5 hone/ or all[able1 !y are ?+s 9 :i* we c nev] take j pride or pleasure1 & mu/ nev] be employ$ 9 any place :]e9 !y might ei!r !mselves obta9 ! cr$it ( be+ o!r & bett] ?an !y are1 or be associat$ ) ! d[nright "w to :i* x w\ld be a disgrace to be f\nd 9 _! company4 ,su* are1 ,i believe1 ! ?ree pr9cipal k9ds ( fallacy by :i* ar*itecture is liable to be corrupt$2 !re are1 h[ev]1 o!r & m subtle =ms ( x1 aga9/ :i* x is less easy to gu>d by def9ite law1 ?an by ! wat*fulness ( a manly & unaffect$ _s4 ,=1 z x has be5 above notic$1 !re are c]ta9 k9ds ( deception :i* ext5d to impressions & ideas only2 ( :i* "s are1 inde$1 ( a noble use1 z t above ref]r$ to1 ! arboresc5t look ( l(ty ,go?ic aisles2 b ( :i* ! mo/ "p h s mu* ( leg]dema9 & trick]y ab\t !m1 t !y w l[] any /yle 9 :i* !y consid]ably prevail2 & !y are likely to prevail :5 once !y are admitt$1 be+ apt to cat* ! fancy alike ( un9v5tive ar*itects & feel+less spectators2 j z mean & %all[ m9ds are1 9 o!r matt]s1 delight$ ) ! s5se ( ov]-rea*+1 or tickl$ ) ! conceit ( detect+ ! int5tion to ov]-rea*2 & :5 subtleties ( ?is k9d are accompani$ by ! display ( su* dextr\s /one-cutt+1 or ar*itectural sleight ( h&1 z may become1 ev5 by itself1 a subject ( admiration1 x is a great *ance if ! pursuit ( !m d n gradually draw u away f all reg>d & c>e = ! nobl] "* ( ! art1 & end 9 its total p>alysis or ext9ction4 ,& aga9/ ?is !re is no gu>d+1 b by /]n disda9 ( all display ( dext]ity & +5i\s device1 & by putt+ ! :ole =ce ( our fancy into ! arrangem5t ( masses & =ms1 c>+ no m h[ ^! masses & =ms are wr\ght out1 ?an a great pa9t] c>es :i* way 8 p5cil /rikes4 ,x w\ld be easy to give _m in/ances ( ! dang] ( ^! tricks & vanities2 b ,i %all conf9e myself to ! exam9ation ( "o :i* has1 z ,i ?9k1 be5 ! cause ( ! fall ( ,go?ic ar*itecture ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,i mean ! sy/em ( int]sectional m\ld+s1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( its great importance1 & = ! sake ( ! g5]al read]1 ,i may1 p]haps1 be p>don$ = expla9+ elem5t>ily4 ,,xxi4 ,i mu/1 9 ! fir/ place1 h[ev]1 ref] to ,pr(essor ,willis's acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( trac]y1 giv5 9 ! six? *apt] ( 8 ,ar*itecture ( ! ,middle ,ages2 s9ce ! publication ( :i* ,i h be5 n a little amaz$ to he> ( any attempts made to resuscitate ! inexcusably absurd !ory ( its d]ivation f imitat$ vegetable =m--inexcusably1 ,i say1 because ! smalle/ acqua9tance ) e>ly ,go?ic ar*itecture w\ld h in=m$ ! support]s ( t !ory ( ! simple fact1 t1 exactly 9 proportion to ! antiquity ( ! "w1 ! imitation ( su* organic =ms is less1 & 9 ! e>lie/ examples does n exi/ at all4 ,!re _c be ! %ad[ ( a "q1 9 ! m9d ( a p]son famili>is$ ) any s+le s]ies ( consecutive examples1 t trac]y arose f ! gradual enl>gem5t ( ! p5etrations ( ! %ield ( /one :i*1 usually support$ by a c5tral pill>1 occupi$ ! head ( e>ly w9d[s4 ,pr(essor ,willis1 p]haps1 conf9es 8 obs]vations some:at too absolutely to ! d\ble sub-ar*4 ,i h giv51 9 ,plate ,,vii4 fig4 #b1 an int]e/+ case ( rude p5etration ( a high & simply trefoil$ %ield1 f ! *ur* ( ! ,eremitani at ,padua4 ,b ! m frequ5t & typical =m is t ( ! d\ble sub-ar*1 decorat$ ) v>i\s pi]c+s ( ! space betwe5 x & ! sup]ior ar*2 ) a simple trefoil "u a r\nd ar*1 9 ! ,abbaye aux ,hommes1 ,ca5#i 7,plate ,,iii4 fig4 #a72 ) a v beautifully proportion$ quatrefoil1 9 ! tri=ium ( ,eu1 & t ( ! *oir ( ,lisieux2 ) quatrefoils1 sixfoils1 & septfoils1 9 ! transept t[]s ( ,r\5 7,plate ,,iii4 fig4 #b72 ) a trefoil awkw>dly1 & v small quatrefoil above1 at ,c\tances1 7,plate ,,iii4 fig4 #c72 !n1 ) multiplications ( ! same figures1 po9t$ or r\nd1 giv+ v clumsy %apes ( ! int]m$iate /one 7fig4 #d1 f "o ( ! nave *apels ( ,r\51 fig4 #e1 f "o ( ! nave *apels ( ,bayeaux71 & f9ally1 by ?9n+ out ! /ony ribs1 rea*+ conditions l t ( ! glori\s typical =m ( ! cl]e/ory ( ! apse ( ,beauvais 7fig4 #f74 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii4--7,page #fj--,vol4 ,v47 ,,trac]ies ,,f ,,ca51 ,,bayeux1 ,,r\51 ,,& ,,beavais4 ,,xxii4 ,n[1 x w be notic$ t1 dur+ ! :ole ( ?is process1 ! att5tion is kept fix$ on ! =ms ( ! p5etrations1 t is to say1 ( ! lights z se5 f ! int]ior1 n ( ! int]m$iate /one4 ,all ! grace ( ! w9d[ is 9 ! outl9e ( its light2 & ,i h drawn all ^! trac]ies z se5 f )91 9 ord] to %[ ! effect ( ! light ?us treat$1 at fir/ 9 f> (f & sep>ate />s1 & !n gradually enl>g+1 approa*+1 until !y come & /& ov] u1 z x 71 fill+ ! :ole space ) _! effulg5ce4 ,& x is 9 ?is pause ( ! />1 t we h ! great1 pure1 & p]fect =m ( ,fr5* ,go?ic2 x 0 at ! in/ant :5 ! rud5ess ( ! int]m$iate space _h be5 f9ally conqu]$1 :5 ! light _h exp&$ to its fulle/1 & yet _h n lo/ its radiant unity1 pr9cipality1 & visible fir/ caus+ ( ! :ole1 t we h ! mo/ exquisite feel+ & mo/ faultless judgm5ts 9 ! managem5t alike ( ! trac]y & decorations4 ,i h giv51 9 ,plate ,x41 an exquisite example ( x1 f a panel decoration ( ! buttresses ( ! nor? door ( ,r\52 & 9 ord] t ! read] may und]/& :at truly f9e ,go?ic "w is1 & h[ nobly x unites fantasy & law1 z well z = our imm$iate purpose1 x w be well t he %\ld exam9e its sections & m\ld+s 9 detail 7!y are describ$ 9 ! f\r? ,*apt]1 ,sec4 xxvii471 & t ! m c>efully1 because ?is design belongs to a p]iod 9 :i* ! mo/ important *ange took place 9 ! _s ( ,go?ic ar*itecture1 :i*1 p]haps1 ev] result$ f ! natural progress ( any art4 ,t trac]y m>ks a pause betwe5 ! lay+ aside ( "o great rul+ pr9ciple1 & ! tak+ up ( ano!r2 a pause z m>k$1 z cle>1 z conspicu\s to ! di/ant view ( aft] times1 z to ! di/ant glance ( ! travell] is ! culm9at+ ridge ( ! m\nta9 *a9 ov] :i* he has pass$4 ,x 0 ! great wat]%$ ( ,go?ic art4 ,be=e x1 all _h be5 asc5t2 aft] x1 all 0 decl9e2 bo?1 inde$1 by w9d+ pa?s & v>i$ slopes2 bo? int]rupt$1 l ! gradual rise & fall ( ! passes ( ! ,alps1 by great m\nta9 outli]s1 isolat$ or bran*+ f ! c5tral *a91 & by retrograde or p>allel directions ( ! valleys ( access4 ,b ! track ( ! human m9d is traceable up to t glori\s ridge1 9 a cont9u\s l9e1 & !nce d[nw>ds4 ,l a silv] zone-- ,flung ab\t c>elessly1 x %9es af>1 ,cat*+ ! eye 9 _m a brok5 l9k1 ,9 _m a turn & trav]se1 z x glides4 ,& (t above1 & (t bel[1 appe>s-- 99 99 99 99 to him :o j\rneys up ,z ?\gh x 7 ano!r4 ,& at t po9t1 & t in/ant1 rea*+ ! place t 0 ne>e/ heav51 ! build]s look$ back1 = ! la/ "t1 to ! way by :i* !y _h come1 & ! sc5es ?r\gh :i* _! e>ly c\rse _h pass$4 ,!y turn$ away f !m & _! morn+ light1 & desc5d$ t[>ds a new horizon1 = a "t 9 ! w>m? ( we/]n sun1 b plung+ ) e =w>d /ep into m cold & melan*oly %ade4 ,,xxiii4 ,! *ange ( :i* ,i speak1 is inexpressible 9 few words1 b "o m important1 m radically influ5tial1 c\ld n be4 ,x 0 ! sub/itution ( ! l9e = ! mass1 z ! elem5t ( decoration4 ,we h se5 ! mode 9 :i* ! op5+s or p5etration ( ! w9d[ exp&$1 until :at 71 at fir/1 awkw>d =ms ( int]m$iate /one1 became delicate l9es ( trac]y3 & ,i h be5 c>eful 9 po9t+ out ! peculi> att5tion be/[$ on ! proportion & decoration ( ! m\ld+s ( ! w9d[ at ,r\51 9 ,plate ,x41 z comp>$ ) e>li] m\ld+s1 because t beauty & c>e are s+ul>ly significant4 ,!y m>k t ! trac]ies _h caught ! eye ( ! ar*itect4 ,up to t "t1 up to ! v la/ in/ant 9 :i* ! r$uction & ?9n+ ( ! int]v5+ /one 0 consummat$1 8 eye _h be5 on ! op5+s only1 on ! />s ( light4 ,he did n c>e ab\t ! /one1 a rude bord] ( m\ld+ 0 all he ne$$1 x 0 ! p5etrat+ %ape :i* he 0 wat*+4 ,b :5 t %ape _h receiv$ its la/ possible expansion1 & :5 ! /one-"w became an arrangem5t ( graceful & p>allel l9es1 t arrangem5t1 l "s =m 9 a picture1 unse5 & accid5tally develop$1 /ruck sudd5ly1 inevitably1 on ! sight4 ,x _h lit]ally n be5 se5 be=e4 ,x fla%$ out 9 an in/ant z an indep5d5t =m4 ,x became a feature ( ! "w4 ,! ar*itect took x "u 8 c>e1 ?\ght ov] x1 & di/ribut$ its memb]s z we see4 ,n[1 ! great pause 0 at ! mom5t :5 ! space & ! divid+ /one-"w 7 bo? equally consid]$4 ,x did n la/ fifty ye>s4 ,! =ms ( ! trac]y 7 seiz$ ) a *ildi% delight 9 ! novel s\rce ( beauty2 & ! int]v5+ space 0 ca/ aside1 z an elem5t ( decoration1 = ev]4 ,i h conf9$ myself1 9 foll[+ ?is *ange1 to ! w9d[1 z ! feature 9 :i* x is cle>e/4 ,b ! transition is ! same 9 e memb] ( ar*itecture2 & its importance c h>dly be und]/ood1 unless we take ! pa9s to trace x 9 ! univ]sality1 ( :i* illu/rations1 irrelevant to our pres5t purpose1 w be f\nd 9 ! ?ird ,*apt]4 ,i pursue "h ! "q ( tru?1 relat+ to ! treatm5t ( ! m\ld+s4 ,,xxiv4 ,! read] w obs]ve t1 up to ! la/ expansion ( ! p5etrations1 ! /one-"w 0 necess>ily consid]$1 z x actually is1 /iff1 & unyield+4 ,x 0 s1 also1 dur+ ! pause ( :i* ,i h spok51 :5 ! =ms ( ! trac]y 7 /ill sev]e & pure2 delicate inde$1 b p]fectly firm4 ,at ! close ( ! p]iod ( pause1 ! fir/ sign ( s]i\s *ange 0 l a l[ breeze1 pass+ ?r\gh ! emaciat$ trac]y1 & mak+ x tremble4 ,x began to undulate l ! ?reads ( a cobweb lift$ by ! w9d4 ,x lo/ its ess5ce z a /ructure ( /one4 ,r$uc$ to ! sl5d]ness ( ?reads1 x began to be consid]$ z possess+ also _! flexibility4 ,! ar*itect 0 pleas$ ) ?is 8 new fancy1 & set himself to c>ry x out2 & 9 a little "t1 ! b>s ( trac]y 7 caus$ to appe> to ! eye z if !y _h be5 wov5 toge!r l a net4 ,?is 0 a *ange :i* sacrific$ a great pr9ciple ( tru?2 x sacrific$ ! expression ( ! qualities ( ! mat]ial2 &1 h[ev] delightful its results 9 _! fir/ developm5ts1 x 0 ultimately ru9\s4 ,=1 obs]ve ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! supposition ( ductility1 & t ( ela/ic /ructure notic$ above 9 ! resemblance to tree =m4 ,t resemblance 0 n s\ght1 b necess>y2 x result$ f ! natural conditions ( /r5g? 9 ! pi] or trunk1 & sl5d]ness 9 ! ribs or bran*es1 :ile _m ( ! o!r sugge/$ conditions ( resemblance 7 p]fectly true4 ,a tree bran*1 ?\gh 9 a c]ta9 s5se flexible1 is n ductile2 x is z firm 9 its own =m z ! rib ( /one2 bo? ( !m w yield up to c]ta9 limits1 bo? ( !m break+ :5 ^? limits are exce$$2 :ile ! tree trunk w b5d no m ?an ! /one pill>4 ,b :5 ! trac]y is assum$ to be z yield+ z a silk5 cord2 :5 ! :ole fragility1 ela/icity1 & weight ( ! mat]ial are to ! eye1 if n 9 t]ms1 d5i$2 :5 all ! art ( ! ar*itect is appli$ to disprove ! fir/ conditions ( 8 work+1 & ! fir/ attributes ( 8 mat]ials2 ?is is a delib]ate trea*]y1 only r$eem$ f ! *>ge ( direct falsehood by ! visibility ( ! /one surface1 & degrad+ all ! trac]ies x affects exactly 9 ! degree ( its pres5ce4 ,,xxv4 ,b ! decl9+ & morbid ta/e ( ! lat] ar*itects1 0 n satisfi$ ) ?us mu* deception4 ,!y 7 delight$ ) ! subtle *>m !y _h creat$1 & ?\ght only ( increas+ its p[]4 ,! next /ep 0 to consid] & repres5t ! trac]y1 z n only ductile1 b p5etrable2 & :5 two m\ld+s met ea* o!r1 to manage _! int]section1 s t "o %\ld appe> to pass ?r\gh ! o!r1 reta9+ its indep5d5ce2 or :5 two ran p>allel to ea* o!r1 to repres5t ! "o z p>tly conta9$ )9 ! o!r1 & p>tly app>5t above x4 ,?is =m ( falsity 0 t :i* cru%$ ! art4 ,! flexible trac]ies 7 (t5 beautiful1 ?\gh !y 7 ignoble2 b ! p5etrat$ trac]ies1 r5d]$1 z !y f9ally 71 m]ely ! means ( exhibit+ ! dext]ity ( ! /one-cutt]1 annihilat$ bo? ! beauty & dignity ( ! ,go?ic types4 ,a sy/em s mom5t\s 9 its consequ5ces des]ves "s detail$ exam9ation4 ,,xxvi4 ,9 ! draw+ ( ! %afts ( ! door at ,lisieux1 "u ! sp&ril1 9 ,plate ,,vii41 ! read] w see ! mode ( manag+ ! int]section ( simil> m\ld+s1 :i* 0 univ]sal 9 ! great p]iods4 ,!y melt$ into ea* o!r1 & became "o at ! po9t ( cross+1 or ( contact2 & ev5 ! sugge/ion ( s %>p int]section z ?is ( ,lisieux is usually avoid$ 7?is design be+1 ( c\rse1 only a po9t$ =m ( ! e>li] ,norman arcade1 9 :i* ! ar*es are int]lac$1 & lie ea* ov] ! prec$+1 & "u ! foll[+1 "o1 z 9 ,anselm's t[] at ,cant]bury71 s9ce1 9 ! plurality ( designs1 :5 m\ld+s meet ea* o!r1 !y co9cide ?r\gh "s consid]able portion ( _! curves1 meet+ by contact1 r ?an by int]section2 & at ! po9t ( co9cid5ce ! section ( ea* sep>ate m\ld+ becomes common to ! two ?us melt$ into ea* o!r4 ,?us1 9 ! junction ( ! circles ( ! w9d[ ( ! ,palazzo ,fosc>i1 ,plate ,,viii41 giv5 accurately 9 fig4 #h1 ,plate ,,iv41 ! section across ! l9e s1 is exactly ! same z t across any break ( ! sep>at$ m\ld+ above1 z s4 ,x sometimes1 h[ev]1 happ5s1 t two diff]5t m\ld+s meet ea* o!r4 ,?is 0 seldom p]mitt$ 9 ! great p]iods1 &1 :5 x took place1 0 mo/ awkw>dly manag$4 ,fig4 #a1 ,plate ,,iv4 gives ! junction ( ! m\ld+s ( ! gable & v]tical1 9 ! w9d[ ( ! spire ( ,salisbury4 ,t ( ! gable is compos$ ( a s+le1 & t ( ! v]tical ( a d\ble cavetto1 decorat$ ) ball-fl[]s2 & ! l>g] s+le m\ld+ swall[s up "o ( ! d\ble ones1 & pu%es =w>d among ! small] balls ) ! mo/ blund]+ & clumsy simplicity4 ,9 comp>+ ! sections x is to be obs]v$ t1 9 ! upp] "o1 ! l9e a b repres5ts an actual v]tical 9 ! plane ( ! w9d[2 :ile1 9 ! l[] "o1 ! l9e c d repres5ts ! horizontal1 9 ! plane ( ! w9d[1 indicat$ by ! p]spective l9e d e4 ,,xxvii4 ,! v awkw>dness ) :i* su* occurr5ces ( difficulty are met by ! e>li] build]1 m>ks 8 dislike ( ! sy/em1 & unwill+ness to attract ! eye to su* arrangem5ts4 ,!re is ano!r v clumsy "o1 9 ! junction ( ! upp] & sub-ar*es ( ! tri=ium ( ,salisbury2 b x is kept 9 ! %ade1 & all ! prom95t junctions are ( m\ld+s l ea* o!r1 & manag$ ) p]fect simplicity4 ,b s soon z ! att5tion ( ! build]s became1 z we h j se51 fix$ ^u ! l9es ( m\ld+s in/ead ( ! enclos$ spaces1 ^? l9es began to pres]ve an indep5d5t exi/5ce :]ev] !y met2 & diff]5t m\ld+s 7 /udi\sly associat$1 9 ord] to obta9 v>iety ( int]sectional l9e4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 d ! late build]s ! ju/ice to note t1 9 "o case1 ! habit grew out ( a feel+ ( proportion1 m ref9$ ?an t ( e>li] workm54 ,x %[s itself fir/ 9 ! bases ( divid$ pill>s1 or ar* m\ld+s1 ^: small] %afts _h orig9ally bases =m$ by ! cont9u$ base ( ! c5tral1 or o!r l>g]1 columns ) :i* !y 7 gr\p$2 b x be+ felt1 :5 ! eye ( ! ar*itect became fa/idi\s1 t ! dim5sion ( m\ld+ :i* 0 "r = ! base ( a l>ge %aft1 0 wrong = t ( a small "o1 ea* %aft _h an indep5d5t base2 at fir/1 ^? ( ! small] di$ simply d[n on t ( ! l>g]2 b :5 ! v]tical sections ( bo? became complicat$1 ! bases ( ! small] %afts 7 consid]$ to exi/ )9 ^? ( ! l>g]1 & ! places ( _! em]g5ce1 on ?is supposition1 7 calculat$ ) ! utmo/ nicety1 & cut ) s+ul> precision2 s t an elaborate late base ( a divid$ column1 z1 = in/ance1 ( ^? 9 ! nave ( ,abbeville1 looks exactly z if its small] %afts _h all be5 f9i%$ to ! gr\nd fir/1 ea* ) its complete & intricate base1 & !n ! compreh5d+ base ( ! c5tral pi] _h be5 m\ld$ ov] !m 9 clay1 leav+ _! po9ts & angles /ick+ out "h & !re1 l ! edges ( %>p cry/als out ( a nodule ( e>?4 ,! exhibition ( te*nical dext]ity 9 "w ( ?is k9d is (t5 m>vell\s1 ! /range/ possible %apes ( sections be+ calculat$ to a hair's-bread?1 & ! occurr5ce ( ! "u & em]g5t =ms be+ r5d]$1 ev5 9 places :]e !y are s slight t !y c h>dly be detect$ b by ! t\*4 ,x is impossible to r5d] a v elaborate example ( ?is k9d intelligible1 )\t "s fifty measur$ sections2 b fig4 #f1 ,plate ,,iv4 is a v int]e/+ & simple "o1 f ! we/ gate ( ,r\54 ,x is "p ( ! base ( "o ( ! n>r[ pi]s betwe5 its pr9cipal ni*es4 ,! squ>e column k1 hav+ a base ) ! pr(ile p r1 is suppos$ to conta9 )9 itself ano!r simil> "o1 set diagonally1 & lift$ s f> above ! inclos+ "o1 z t ! recess$ "p ( its pr(ile p r %all fall beh9d ! project+ "p ( ! out] "o4 ,! angle ( its upp] portion exactly meets ! plane ( ! side ( ! upp] inclos+ %aft #d1 & w\ld1 !re=e1 n be se51 unless two v]tical cuts 7 made to exhibit x1 :i* =m two d>k l9es ! :ole way up ! %aft4 ,two small pila/]s are run1 l fa/5+ /it*es1 ?r\gh ! junction on ! front ( ! %afts4 ,! sections k n tak5 respectively at ! levels k1 n1 w expla9 ! hypo!tical con/ruction ( ! :ole4 ,fig4 #g is a base1 or jo9t r 7= passages ( ?is =m occur aga9 & aga91 on ! %afts ( flamboyant "w71 ( "o ( ! smalle/ pi]s ( ! p$e/als :i* support ! lo/ /atues ( ! por*2 its section bel[ w\ld be ! same z n1 & its con/ruction1 aft] :at has be5 said ( ! o!r base1 w be at once p]ceiv$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv4--7,page #ff--,vol4 ,v47 ,,int]sectional ,,m\ld+s4 ,,xxviii4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 9 ?is k9d ( involution1 mu* to be admir$ z well z repreh5d$1 ! proportions ( quantities 7 always z beautiful z !y 7 intricate2 &1 ?\gh ! l9es ( int]section 7 h>%1 !y 7 exquisitely oppos$ to ! fl[]-"w ( ! int]pos+ m\ld+s4 ,b ! fancy did n /op "h2 x rose f ! bases into ! ar*es2 & !re1 n f9d+ room en\gh = its exhibition1 x )drew ! capitals f ! heads ev5 ( cyl9drical %afts1 7we _c b admire1 :ile we regret1 ! boldness ( ! m5 :o c\ld defy ! au?ority & cu/om ( all ! nations ( ! e>? = a space ( "s ?ree ?\s& ye>s17 9 ord] t ! ar* m\ld+s might appe> to em]ge f ! pill>1 z at its base !y _h be5 lo/ 9 x1 & n to t]m9ate on ! abacus ( ! capital2 !n !y ran ! m\ld+s across & ?r\gh ea* o!r1 at ! po9t ( ! ar*2 & f9ally1 n f9d+ _! natural directions en\gh to furni% z _m occasions ( int]section z !y wi%$1 b5t !m hi!r & ?i!r1 & cut (f _! ends %ort1 :5 !y _h pass$ ! po9t ( int]section4 ,fig4 #b1 ,plate ,,iv4 is "p ( a fly+ buttress f ! apse ( ,/4 ,g]vais at ,falaise1 9 :i* ! m\ld+ ^: section is rudely giv5 above at f1 7tak5 v]tically ?r\gh ! po9t f17 is c>ri$ ?rice ?r\gh itself1 9 ! cross-b> & two ar*es2 & ! flat fillet is cut (f %>p at ! end ( ! cross-b>1 = ! m]e pleasure ( ! truncation4 ,fig4 #c is half ( ! head ( a door 9 ! ,/ad?aus ( ,sursee1 9 :i* ! %ad$ "p ( ! section ( ! jo9t g g1 is t ( ! ar*-m\ld+1 :i* is ?ree times r$uplicat$1 & six times int]sect$ by itself1 ! ends be+ cut (f :5 !y become unmanageable4 ,?is /yle is1 inde$1 e>li] exagg]at$ 9 ,switz]l& & ,g]many1 ow+ to ! imitation 9 /one ( ! dovetail+ ( wood1 p>ticul>ly ( ! int]sect+ ( beams at ! angles ( *alets2 b x only furni%es ! m pla9 in/ance ( ! dang] ( ! fallaci\s sy/em :i*1 f ! beg9n+1 repress$ ! ,g]man1 &1 9 ! end1 ru9$ ! ,fr5* ,go?ic4 ,x w\ld be too pa9ful a task to foll[ fur!r ! c>icatures ( =m1 & ecc5tricities ( treatm5t1 :i* gr[ out ( ?is s+ul> abuse--! flatt5$ ar*1 ! %runk5 pill>1 ! lifeless ornam5t1 ! l9y m\ld+1 ! di/ort$ & extravagant foliation1 until ! "t came :51 ov] ^! wrecks & remnants1 depriv$ ( all unity & pr9ciple1 rose ! f\l torr5t ( ! r5aissance1 & swept !m all away4 ,s fell ! great dyna/y ( m$iaeval ar*itecture4 ,x 0 because x _h lo/ its own /r5g?1 & disobey$ its own laws--because its ord]1 & consi/5cy1 & organization1 _h be5 brok5 ?r\gh--t x c\ld oppose no resi/ance to ! ru% ( ov]:elm+ innovation4 ,& ?is1 obs]ve1 all because x _h sacrific$ a s+le tru?4 ,f t "o surr5d] ( its integrity1 f t "o endeavor to assume ! semblance ( :at x 0 n1 arose ! multitud9\s =ms ( disease & decrepitude1 :i* rott$ away ! pill>s ( its supremacy4 ,x 0 n because its "t 0 come2 x 0 n because x 0 scorn$ by ! classical ,romani/1 or dread$ by ! fai?ful ,prote/ant4 ,t scorn & t fe> x might h surviv$1 & liv$2 x w\ld h /ood =? 9 /]n comp>ison ) ! en]vat$ s5suality ( ! r5aissance2 x w\ld h ris5 9 r5ew$ & purifi$ honor1 & ) a new s\l1 f ! a%es into :i* x sank1 giv+ up its glory1 z x _h receiv$ x1 = ! honor ( ,god--b its own tru? 0 gone1 & x sank =ev]4 ,!re 0 no wisdom nor /r5g? left 9 x1 to raise x f ! du/2 & ! error ( zeal1 & ! s(tness ( luxury smote x d[n & dissolv$ x away4 ,x is good = u to rememb] ?is1 z we tread ^u ! b>e gr\nd ( its f\ndations1 & /umble ov] its scatt]$ /ones4 ,^? r5t skeletons ( pi]c$ wall1 ?r\gh :i* our sea-w9ds moan & murmur1 /rew+ !m jo9t by jo9t1 & bone by bone1 along ! bleak promontories on :i* ! ,ph>os lights came once f h\ses ( pray]--^? grey ar*es & quiet isles "u :i* ! %eep ( our valleys fe$ & re/ on ! turf t has buri$ _! alt>s--^? %apeless heaps1 t are n ( ! ,e>?1 :i* lift our fields into /range & sudd5 banks ( fl[]s1 & /ay our m\nta9 /reams ) /ones t are n _! own1 h o!r ?\ghts to ask f u ?an ^? ( m\rn+ = ! rage t despoil$1 or ! fe> t =sook !m4 ,x 0 n ! robb]1 n ! fanatic1 n ! blasphem]1 :o seal$ ! de/ruction t !y _h wr\ght2 ! w>1 ! wra?1 ! t]ror1 might h work$ _! wor/1 & ! /rong walls w\ld h ris51 & ! slight pill>s w\ld h />t$ aga91 f "u ! h& ( ! de/roy]4 ,b !y c\ld n rise out ( ! ru9s ( _! own violat$ tru?4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,lamp ,,( ,,p[]4 ,i4 ,9 recall+ ! impressions we h receiv$ f ! works ( man1 aft] a lapse ( "t long en\gh to involve 9 obscurity all b ! mo/ vivid1 x (t5 happ5s t we f9d a /range pre-em95ce & durability 9 _m ^u ^: /r5g? we _h little calculat$1 & t po9ts ( "* :i* _h escap$ ! detection ( ! judgm5t1 become develop$ "u ! wa/e ( memory2 z ve9s ( h>d] rock1 ^: places c\ld n at fir/ h be5 discov]$ by ! eye1 are left sali5t "u ! action ( fro/s & /reams4 ,! travell] :o desires to correct ! errors ( 8 judgm5t1 necessitat$ by inequalities ( temp]1 infelicities ( circum/ance1 & accid5ts ( association1 has no o!r res\rce ?an to wait = ! calm v]dict ( int]pos+ ye>s2 & to wat* = ! new arrangem5ts ( em95ce & %ape 9 ! images :i* rema9 late/ 9 8 memory2 z 9 ! ebb+ ( a m\nta9 lake1 he w\ld wat* ! v>y+ outl9es ( its successive %ore1 & trace1 9 ! =m ( its dep>t+ wat]s1 ! true direction ( ! =ces :i* _h cleft1 or ! curr5ts :i* _h excavat$1 ! deepe/ recesses ( its primal b$4 ,9 ?us rev]t+ to ! memories ( ^? works ( ar*itecture by :i* we h be5 mo/ pleasurably impress$1 x w g5]ally happ5 t !y fall into two broad classes3 ! "o *>act]iz$ by an exce$+ preci\sness & delicacy1 to :i* we recur ) a s5se ( affectionate admiration2 & ! o!r by a sev]e1 &1 9 _m cases1 my/]i\s1 maje/y1 :i* we rememb] ) an undim9i%$ awe1 l t felt at ! pres5ce & op]ation ( "s great ,spiritual ,p[]4 ,f ab\t ^! two gr\ps1 m or less h>monis$ by int]m$iate examples1 b always di/9ctively m>k$ by features ( beauty or ( p[]1 !re w be swept away1 9 multitudes1 ! memories ( build+s1 p]haps1 9 _! fir/ address to our m9ds1 ( no inf]ior pret5sion1 b ow+ _! impressiv5ess to *>act]s ( less endur+ nobility--to value ( mat]ial1 accumulation ( ornam5t1 or +5uity ( me*anical con/ruction4 ,especial int]e/ may1 inde$1 h be5 awak5$ by su* circum/ances1 & ! memory may h be51 consequ5tly1 r5d]$ t5aci\s ( p>ticul> p>ts or effects ( ! /ructure2 b x w recall ev5 ^! only by an active ef=t1 & !n )\t emotion2 :ile 9 passive mom5ts1 & ) ?rill+ influ5ce1 ! image ( pur] beauty1 & ( m spiritual p[]1 w return 9 a fair & solemn company2 & :ile ! pride ( _m a /ately palace1 & ! weal? ( _m a jewell$ %r9e1 p]i% f our ?\ghts 9 a du/ ( gold1 !re w rise1 ?r\gh _! dimness1 ! :ite image ( "s seclud$ m>ble *apel1 by riv] or =e/ side1 ) ! frett$ fl[]-"w %r9k+ "u its ar*es1 z if "u vaults ( late-fall5 sn[2 or ! va/ we>9ess ( "s %ad[y wall ^: sep>ate /ones are l m\nta9 f\ndations1 & yet numb]less4 ,,ii4 ,n[1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two ord]s ( build-+ is n m]ely t :i* !re is 9 nature betwe5 ?+s beautiful & sublime4 ,x is1 also1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 :at is d]ivative & orig9al 9 man's "w2 = :atev] is 9 ar*itecture fair or beautiful1 is imitat$ f natural =ms2 & :at is n s d]iv$1 b dep5ds = its dignity ^u arrangem5t & gov]nm5t receiv$ f human m9d1 becomes ! expression ( ! p[] ( t m9d1 & receives a sublimity high 9 proportion to ! p[] express$4 ,all build+1 !re=e1 %[s man ei!r z ga!r+ or gov]n+3 & ! secrets ( 8 success are 8 kn[+ :at to ga!r1 & h[ to rule4 ,^! are ! two great intellectual ,lamps ( ,ar*itecture2 ! "o consi/+ 9 a j & humble v5]ation = ! works ( ,god ^u ! e>?1 & ! o!r 9 an und]/&+ ( ! dom9ion ov] ^? works :i* has be5 ve/$ 9 man4 ,,iii4 ,besides ?is expression ( liv+ au?ority & p[]1 !re is1 h[ev]1 a sympa?y 9 ! =ms ( noble build+1 ) :at is mo/ sublime 9 natural ?+s2 & x is ! gov]n+ ,p[] direct$ by ?is sympa?y1 ^: op]ation ,i %all at pres5t endeavor to trace1 ab&on+ all inquiry into ! m ab/ract fields ( inv5tion3 = ?is latt] faculty1 & ! que/ions ( proportion & arrangem5t connect$ ) its discussion1 c only be rightly exam9$ 9 a g5]al view ( all arts2 b its sympa?y1 9 ar*itecture1 ) ! va/ controll+ p[]s ( ,nature h]self1 is special1 & may %ortly be consid]$2 & t ) ! m advantage1 t x has1 ( late1 be5 little felt or reg>d$ by ar*itects4 ,i h se51 9 rec5t ef=ts1 mu* conte/ betwe5 two s*ools1 "o affect+ orig9ality1 & ! o!r legality--_m attempts at beauty ( design--_m +5i\s adaptations ( con/ruction2 b ,i h nev] se5 any aim at ! expression ( ab/ract p[]2 nev] any appe>ance ( a consci\sness t1 9 ?is primal art ( man1 !re is room = ! m>k+ ( 8 relations ) ! mightie/1 z well z ! faire/1 works ( ,god2 & t ^? works !mselves h be5 p]mitt$1 by _! ,ma/] & 81 to receive an add$ glory f _! association ) e>ne/ ef=ts ( human ?\ght4 ,9 ! edifices ( ,man !re %\ld be f\nd rev]5t wor%ip & foll[+1 n only ( ! _s :i* r\nds ! pill>s ( ! =e/1 & ar*es ! vault ( ! av5ue--:i* gives ve9+ to ! leaf1 & poli% to ! %ell1 & grace to e pulse t agitates animal organization1--b ( t also :i* reproves ! pill>s ( ! e>?1 & builds up h] b>r5 precipices into ! coldness ( ! cl\ds1 & lifts h] %ad[y cones ( m\nta9 purple into ! pale ar* ( ! sky2 = ^!1 & o!r glories m ?an ^!1 refuse n to connect !mselves1 9 8 ?\ghts1 ) ! "w ( 8 own h&2 ! grey cliff loses n its nobl5ess :5 x rem9ds u ( "s ,cyclopean wa/e ( mural /one2 ! p9nacles ( ! rocky promontory arrange !mselves1 undegrad$1 into fanta/ic semblances ( =tress t[]s2 & ev5 ! awful cone ( ! f>-(f m\nta9 has a melan*oly mix$ ) t ( its own solitude1 :i* is ca/ f ! images ( nameless tumuli on :ite sea-%ores1 & ( ! heaps ( re$y clay1 into :i* *amb]$ cities melt 9 _! mortality4 ,,iv4 ,let u1 !n1 see :at is ?is p[] & maje/y1 :i* ,nature h]self does n disda9 to accept f ! works ( man2 & :at t sublimity 9 ! masses built up by 8 corall9e-l en]gy1 :i* is honorable1 ev5 :5 transf]r$ by association to ! dateless hills1 :i* x ne$$ e>?quakes to lift1 & deluges to m\ld4 ,&1 fir/ ( m]e size3 ,x might n be ?\ght possible to emulate ! sublimity ( natural objects 9 ?is respect2 nor w\ld x be1 if ! ar*itect cont5d$ ) !m 9 pit*$ battle4 ,x w\ld n be well to build pyramids 9 ! valley ( ,*am\ni2 & ,/4 ,pet]'s1 among its _m o!r errors1 c\nts = n ! lea/ injuri\s its position on ! slope ( an inconsid]able hill4 ,b imag9e x plac$ on ! pla9 ( ,m>5go1 or1 l ! ,sup]ga ( ,tur91 or l ,la ,salute at ,v5ice6 ,! fact is1 t ! appreh5sion ( ! size ( natural objects1 z well z ( ar*itecture1 dep5ds m on =tunate excitem5t ( ! imag9ation ?an on measurem5ts by ! eye2 & ! ar*itect has a peculi> advantage 9 be+ able to press close ^u ! sight1 su* magnitude z he c comm&4 ,!re are few rocks1 ev5 among ! ,alps1 t h a cle> v]tical fall z high z ! *oir ( ,beauvais2 & if we secure a good precipice ( wall1 or a %e] & unbrok5 flank ( t[]1 & place !m :]e !re are no enorm\s natural features to oppose !m1 we %all feel 9 !m no want ( sublimity ( size4 ,& x may be matt] ( enc\ragem5t 9 ?is respect1 ?\gh "o also ( regret1 to obs]ve h[ mu* (t5] man de/roys natural sublimity1 ?an nature cru%es human p[]4 ,x does n ne$ mu* to humiliate a m\nta94 ,a hut w sometimes d x2 ,i nev] look up to ! ,col de ,balme f ,*am\ni1 )\t a viol5t feel+ ( provocation aga9/ its hospitable little cab91 ^: bright :ite walls =m a visibly f\r-squ>e spot on ! gre5 ridge1 & entirely de/roy all idea ( its elevation4 ,a s+le villa w (t5 m> a :ole l&scape1 & de?rone a dyna/y ( hills1 & ! ,acropolis ( ,a!ns1 ,p>!non & all1 has1 ,i believe1 be5 dw>f$ into a model by ! palace lately built b5ea? x4 ,! fact is1 t hills are n s high z we fancy !m1 &1 :5 to ! actual impression ( no mean comp>ative size1 is add$ ! s5se ( ! toil ( manly h& & ?\ght1 a sublimity is rea*$1 :i* no?+ b gross error 9 arrangem5t ( its p>ts c de/roy4 ,v4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 x is n to be suppos$ t m]e size w ennoble a mean design1 yet e increase ( magnitude w be/[ ^u x a c]ta9 degree ( nobl5ess3 s t x is well to det]m9e at fir/1 :e!r ! build+ is to be m>k$ly beautiful or m>k$ly sublime2 & if ! latt]1 n to be )held by respect to small] p>ts f rea*+ l>g5ess ( scale2 provid$ only1 t x be evid5tly 9 ! ar*itect's p[] to rea* at lea/ t degree ( magnitude :i* is ! l[e/ at :i* sublimity beg9s1 rudely def9able z t :i* w make a liv+ figure look less ?an life beside x4 ,x is ! mis=tune ( mo/ ( our mod]n build+s t we w\ld fa9 h an univ]sal excell5ce 9 !m2 & s "p ( ! funds mu/ g 9 pa9t+1 "p 9 gild+1 "p 9 fitt+ up1 "p 9 pa9t$ w9d[s1 "p 9 small /eeples1 "p 9 ornam5ts "h & !re2 & nei!r ! w9d[s1 nor ! /eeple1 nor ! ornam5ts1 are wor? _! mat]ials4 ,= !re is a cru/ ab\t ! impressible "p ( m5's m9ds1 :i* mu/ be pi]c$ ?r\gh be=e !y c be t\*$ to ! quick2 & ?\gh we may prick at x & scrat* x 9 a ?\s& sep>ate places1 we might z well h let x alone if we d n come ?r\gh some:]e ) a deep ?ru/3 & if we c give su* a ?ru/ any:]e1 !re is no ne$ ( ano!r2 x ne$ n be ev5 s wide z a *ur* door1 s t x be en\gh4 ,& m]e weight w d ?is2 x is a clumsy way ( do+ x1 b an effectual "o1 too2 & ! apa?y :i* _c be pi]c$ ?r\gh by a small /eeple1 nor %one ?r\gh by a small w9d[1 c be brok5 ?r\gh 9 a mom5t by ! m]e weight ( a great wall4 ,let1 !re=e1 ! ar*itect :o has n l>ge res\rces1 *oose 8 po9t ( attack fir/1 &1 if he *oose size1 let him ab&on decoration2 =1 unless !y are conc5trat$1 & num]\s en\gh to make _! conc5tration conspicu\s1 all 8 ornam5ts toge!r w\ld n be wor? "o huge /one4 ,& ! *oice mu/ be a decid$ "o1 )\t compromise4 ,x mu/ be no "q :e!r 8 capitals w\ld n look bett] ) a little c>v+--let him leave !m huge z blocks2 or :e!r 8 ar*es %\ld n h ri*] ar*itraves--let him ?r[ !m a foot high]1 if he c2 a y>d m across ! nave w be wor? m to him ?an a tesselat$ pavem5t2 & ano!r fa?om ( out] wall1 ?an an army ( p9nacles4 ,! limitation ( size mu/ be only 9 ! uses ( ! build+1 or 9 ! gr\nd at 8 disposal4 ,,vi4 ,t limitation1 h[ev]1 be+ by su* circum/ances det]m9$1 by :at means1 x is to be next ask$1 may ! actual magnitude be be/ display$2 s9ce x is seldom1 p]haps nev]1 t a build+ ( any pret5sion to size looks s l>ge z x is4 ,! appe>ance ( a figure 9 any di/ant1 m especially 9 any upp]1 p>ts ( x w almo/ always prove t we h "u-e/imat$ ! magnitude ( ^? p>ts4 ,x has (t5 be5 obs]v$ t a build+1 9 ord] to %[ its magnitude1 mu/ be se5 all at once4 ,x w\ld1 p]haps1 be bett] to say1 mu/ be b\nd$ z mu* z possible by cont9u\s l9es1 & t its extreme po9ts %\ld be se5 all at once2 or we may /ate1 9 simpl] t]ms /ill1 t x mu/ h "o visible b\nd+ l9e f top to bottom1 & f end to end4 ,?is b\nd+ l9e f top to bottom may ei!r be incl9$ inw>ds1 & ! mass1 !re=e1 pyramidical2 or v]tical1 & ! mass =m "o gr& cliff2 or incl9$ outw>ds1 z 9 ! advanc+ fronts ( old h\ses1 &1 9 a sort1 9 ! ,greek temple1 & 9 all build+s ) heavy cornices or heads4 ,n[1 9 all ^! cases1 if ! b\nd+ l9e be viol5tly brok52 if ! cornice project1 or ! upp] portion ( ! pyramid rec$e1 too viol5tly1 maje/y w be lo/2 n because ! build+ _c be se5 all at once1--= 9 ! case ( a heavy cornice no "p ( x is necess>ily conceal$--b because ! cont9uity ( its t]m9al l9e is brok51 & ! l5g? ( t l9e1 !re=e1 _c be e/imat$4 ,b ! error is1 ( c\rse1 m fatal :5 mu* ( ! build+ is also conceal$2 z 9 ! well-kn[n case ( ! recession ( ! dome ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 &1 f ! great] numb] ( po9ts ( view1 9 *ur*es ^: highe/ portions1 :e!r dome or t[]1 are ov] _! cross4 ,?us !re is only "o po9t f :i* ! size ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,flor5ce is felt2 & t is f ! corn] ( ! ,via de' ,bale/ri]i1 opposite ! s\?-ea/ angle1 :]e x happ5s t ! dome is se5 ris+ in/antly above ! apse & transepts4 ,9 all cases 9 :i* ! t[] is ov] ! cross1 ! gr&eur & height ( ! t[] itself are lo/1 because !re is b "o l9e d[n :i* ! eye c trace ! :ole height1 & t is 9 ! inn] angle ( ! cross1 n easily disc]n$4 ,h5ce1 :ile1 9 symmetry & feel+1 su* designs may (t5 h pre-em95ce1 yet1 :]e ! height ( ! t[] itself is to be made app>5t1 x mu/ be at ! we/ end1 or bett] /ill1 deta*$ z a campanile4 ,imag9e ! loss to ! ,lomb>d *ur*es if _! campaniles 7 c>ri$ only to _! pres5t height ov] _! crosses2 or to ! ,ca!dral ( ,r\51 if ! ,t\r de ,beurre 7 made c5tral1 9 ! place ( its pres5t debas$ spire6 ,,vii4 ,:e!r1 !re=e1 we h to d ) t[] or wall1 !re mu/ be "o b\nd+ l9e f base to cop+2 & ,i am mu* incl9$1 myself1 to love ! true v]tical1 or ! v]tical1 ) a solemn fr[n ( projection 7n a sc[l71 z 9 ! ,palazzo ,vec*io ( ,flor5ce4 ,?is "* is always giv5 to rocks by ! poets2 ) slight f\ndation inde$ real rocks be+ little giv5 to ov]hang+--b ) excell5t judgm5t2 = ! s5se ( ?reat5+ convey$ by ?is =m is a nobl] "* ?an t ( m]e size4 ,&1 9 build+s1 ?is ?reat5+ %\ld be some:at c>ri$ d[n into _! mass4 ,a m]e project+ %elf is n en\gh1 ! :ole wall mu/1 ,jupit] l1 nod z well z fr[n4 ,h5ce1 ,i ?9k ! propp$ ma*icolations ( ! ,palazzo ,vec*io & ,duomo ( ,flor5ce f> gr&] head+s ?an any =m ( ,greek cornice4 ,sometimes ! projection may be ?r[n l[]1 z 9 ! ,doge's palace ( ,v5ice1 :]e ! *ief appe>ance ( x is above ! second arcade2 or x may become a gr& swell f ! gr\nd1 z ! head ( a %ip ( ! l9e rises f ! sea4 ,?is is v nobly atta9$ by ! projection ( ! ni*es 9 ! ?ird /ory ( ! ,t\r de ,beurre at ,r\54 ,,viii4 ,:at is ne$ful 9 ! sett+ =? ( magnitude 9 height1 is "r also 9 ! m>k+ x 9 area--let x be ga!r$ well toge!r4 ,x is especially to be not$ ) respect to ! ,palazzo ,vec*io & o!r mighty build+s ( its ord]1 h[ mi/ak5ly x has be5 /at$ t dim5sion1 9 ord] to become impressive1 %\ld be exp&$ ei!r 9 height or l5g?1 b n equally3 :]eas1 r x w be f\nd t ^? build+s seem on ! :ole ! va/e/ :i* h be5 ga!r$ up into a mighty squ>e1 & :i* look z if !y _h be5 measur$ by ! angel's rod1 ! l5g?1 & ! bread?1 & ! height ( x are equal1 & h]e9 some?+ is to be tak5 notice (1 :i* ,i believe n to be suffici5tly1 if at all1 consid]$ among our ar*itects4 ,( ! _m broad divisions "u :i* ar*itecture may be consid]$1 none appe> to me m significant ?an t into build+s ^: int]e/ is 9 _! walls1 & ^? ^: int]e/ is 9 ! l9es divid+ _! walls4 ,9 ! ,greek temple ! wall is z no?+2 ! entire int]e/ is 9 ! deta*$ columns & ! frieze !y be>2 9 ,fr5* ,flamboyant1 & 9 our dete/able ,p]p5dicul>1 ! object is to get rid ( ! wall surface1 & keep ! eye altoge!r on trac]y ( l9e2 9 ,romanesque "w & ,egyptian1 ! wall is a confess$ & honor$ memb]1 & ! light is (t5 all[$ to fall on l>ge areas ( x1 v>i\sly decorat$4 ,n[1 bo? ^! pr9ciples are admitt$ by ,nature1 ! "o 9 h] woods & ?ickets1 ! o!r 9 h] pla9s1 & cliffs1 & wat]s2 b ! latt] is pre-em95tly ! pr9ciple ( p[]1 &1 9 "s s5se1 ( beauty also4 ,=1 :atev] inf9ity ( fair =m !re may be 9 ! maze ( ! =e/1 !re is a fair]1 z ,i ?9k1 9 ! surface ( ! quiet lake2 & ,i h>dly "k t association ( %aft or trac]y1 = :i* ,i w\ld ex*ange ! w>m sleep ( sun%9e on "s smoo?1 broad1 human-l front ( m>ble4 ,nev]!less1 if bread? is to be beautiful1 its sub/ance mu/ 9 "s sort be beautiful2 & we mu/ n ha/ily condemn ! exclusive re/+ ( ! nor!rn ar*itects 9 divid$ l9es1 until at lea/ we h rememb]$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 a blank surface ( ,ca5 /one1 & "o mix$ f ,g5oa & ,c>r>a1 ( s]p5t9e ) sn[3 b z reg>ds ab/ract p[] & awfulness1 !re is no "q2 )\t bread? ( surface x is 9 va9 to seek !m1 & x matt]s little1 s t ! surface be wide1 bold & unbrok51 :e!r x be ( brick or ( jasp]2 ! light ( heav5 ^u x1 & ! weight ( e>? 9 x1 are all we ne$3 = x is s+ul> h[ =getful ! m9d may become bo? ( mat]ial & workman%ip1 if only x h space en\gh ov] :i* to range1 & to rem9d x1 h[ev] feebly1 ( ! joy t x has 9 contemplat+ ! flatness & sweep ( great pla9s & broad seas4 ,& x is a noble ?+ = m5 to d ?is ) _! cut /one or m\ld$ clay1 & to make ! face ( a wall look inf9ite1 & its edge aga9/ ! sky l an horizon3 or ev5 if less ?an ?is be rea*$1 x is /ill delightful to m>k ! play ( pass+ light on its broad surface1 & to see by h[ _m artifices & gradations ( t9t+ & %ad[1 "t & /orm w set _! wild signatures ^u x2 & h[ 9 ! ris+ or decl9+ ( ! day ! unbrok5 twilight re/s long & luridly on its high l9eless =ehead1 & fades away untraceably d[n its ti]s ( confus$ & c\ntless /one4 ,,ix4 ,?is1 !n1 be+1 z ,i ?9k1 "o ( ! peculi> elem5ts ( sublime ar*itecture1 x may be easily se5 h[ necess>ily consequ5t ^u ! love ( x w be ! *oice ( a =m approa*+ to ! squ>e = ! ma9 outl9e4 ,=1 9 :atev] direction ! build+ is contract$1 9 t direction ! eye w be drawn to its t]m9al l9es2 & ! s5se ( surface w only be at its fulle/ :5 ^? l9es are remov$1 9 e direction1 z f> z possible4 ,?us ! squ>e & circle are pre-em95tly ! areas ( p[] among ^? b\nd$ by purely /raight or curv$ l9es2 & ^!1 ) _! relative solids1 ! cube & sph]e1 & relative solids ( progression 7z 9 ! inve/igation ( ! laws ( proportion ,i %all call ^? masses :i* are g5]at$ by ! progression ( an area ( giv5 =m along a l9e 9 a giv5 direction71 ! squ>e & cyl9drical column1 are ! elem5ts ( utmo/ p[] 9 all ar*itectural arrangem5ts4 ,on ! o!r h&1 grace & p]fect proportion require an elongation 9 "s "o direction3 & a s5se ( p[] may be communicat$ to ?is =m ( magnitude by a cont9u\s s]ies ( any m>k$ features1 su* z ! eye may be unable to numb]2 :ile yet we feel1 f _! boldness1 decision1 & simplicity1 t x is inde$ _! multitude :i* has emb>rass$ u1 n any confusion or indi/9ctness ( =m4 ,?is exp$i5t ( cont9u$ s]ies =ms ! sublimity ( arcades & aisles1 ( all ranges ( columns1 &1 on a small] scale1 ( ^? ,greek m\ld+s1 ( :i*1 repeat$ z !y n[ are 9 all ! meane/ & mo/ famili> =ms ( our furniture1 x is impossible altoge!r to we>y4 ,n[1 x is evid5t t ! ar*itect has *oice ( two types ( =m1 ea* prop]ly associat$ ) its own k9d ( int]e/ or decoration3 ! squ>e1 or greate/ area1 to be *os5 especially :5 ! surface is to be ! subject ( ?\ght2 & ! elongat$ area1 :5 ! divisions ( ! surface are to be ! subjects ( ?\ght4 ,bo? ^! ord]s ( =m1 z ,i ?9k ne>ly e o!r s\rce ( p[] & beauty1 are m>vell\sly unit$ 9 t build+ :i* ,i fe> to we>y ! read] by br++ =w>d too frequ5tly1 z a model ( all p]fection--! ,doge's palace at ,v5ice3 its g5]al arrangem5t1 a holl[ squ>e2 its pr9cipal facade1 an oblong1 elongat$ to ! eye by a range ( ?irty-f\r small ar*es1 & ?irty-five columns1 :ile x is sep>at$ by a ri*ly-canopi$ w9d[ 9 ! c5tre1 into two massive divisions1 ^: height & l5g? are ne>ly z f\r to five2 ! arcades :i* give x l5g? be+ conf9$ to ! l[] /ories1 & ! upp]1 betwe5 its broad w9d[s1 left a mighty surface ( smoo? m>ble1 *equ]$ ) blocks ( alt]nate rose-color & :ite4 ,x w\ld be impossible1 ,i believe1 to inv5t a m magnific5t arrangem5t ( all t is 9 build+ mo/ dignifi$ & mo/ fair4 ,x4 ,9 ! ,lomb>d ,romanesque1 ! two pr9ciples are m fus$ into ea* o!r1 z mo/ *>act]i/ically 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,pisa3 l5g? ( proportion1 exhibit$ by an arcade ( tw5ty-"o ar*es above1 & fifte5 bel[1 at ! side ( ! nave2 bold squ>e proportion 9 ! front2 t front divid$ into arcades1 plac$ "o above ! o!r1 ! l[e/ ) its pill>s engag$1 ( sev5 ar*es1 ! f\r upp]mo/ ?r[n out boldly f ! rec$+ wall1 & ca/+ deep %ad[s2 ! fir/1 above ! basem5t1 ( n9ete5 ar*es2 ! second ( tw5ty-"o2 ! ?ird & f\r? ( eight ea*2 sixty-?ree ar*es 9 all2 all circul> head$1 all ) cyl9drical %afts1 & ! l[e/ ) squ>e panell+s1 set diagonally "u _! semicircles1 an univ]sal ornam5t 9 ?is /yle 7,plate ,,xii41 fig4 #g72 ! apse1 a semicircle1 ) a semi-dome = its ro(1 & ?ree ranges ( circul> ar*es = its ext]ior ornam5t2 9 ! int]ior ( ! nave1 a range ( circul> ar*es bel[ a circul>-ar*$ tri=ium1 & a va/ flat surface1 obs]ve1 ( wall decorat$ ) /rip$ m>ble above2 ! :ole arrangem5t 7n a peculi> "o1 b *>act]i/ic ( e *ur* ( ! p]iod2 &1 to my feel+1 ! mo/ maje/ic2 n p]haps ! faire/1 b ! mightie/ type ( =m :i* ! m9d ( man has ev] conceiv$7 bas$ exclusively on associations ( ! circle & ! squ>e4 ,i am n[1 h[ev]1 tr5*+ ^u gr\nd :i* ,i desire to res]ve = m c>eful exam9ation1 9 connection ) o!r ae/hetic que/ions3 b ,i believe ! examples ,i h giv5 w ju/ify my v9dication ( ! squ>e =m f ! reprobation :i* has be5 lightly ?r[n ^u x2 nor might ?is be done = x only z a rul+ outl9e1 b z occurr+ con/antly 9 ! be/ mosaics1 & 9 a ?\s& =ms ( m9or decoration1 :i* ,i _c n[ exam9e2 my *ief ass]tion ( its maje/y be+ always z x is an expon5t ( space & surface1 & !re=e to be *os51 ei!r to rule 9 _! outl9es1 or to adorn by masses ( light & %ade ^? portions ( build+s 9 :i* surface is to be r5d]$ preci\s or honorable4 ,,xi4 ,?us f>1 !n1 ( g5]al =ms1 & ( ! modes 9 :i* ! scale ( ar*itecture is be/ to be exhibit$4 ,let u next consid] ! manife/ations ( p[] :i* belong to its details & less] divisions4 ,! fir/ division we h to reg>d1 is ! inevitable "o ( masonry4 ,x is true t ?is division may1 by great art1 be conceal$2 b ,i ?9k x unwise 7z well z di%one/7 to d s2 = ?is reason1 t !re is a v noble "* always to be obta9$ by ! opposition ( l>ge /ones to divid$ masonry1 z by %afts & columns ( "o piece1 or massy l9tels & ar*itraves1 to wall "w ( bricks or small] /ones2 & !re is a c]ta9 organization 9 ! managem5t ( su* p>ts1 l t ( ! cont9u\s bones ( ! skeleton1 oppos$ to ! v]tebrae1 :i* x is n well to surr5d]4 ,i hold1 !re=e1 t1 = ?is & o!r reasons1 ! masonry ( a build+ is to be %[n3 & also t1 ) c]ta9 r>e exceptions 7z 9 ! cases ( *apels & %r9es ( mo/ f9i%$ workman%ip71 ! small] ! build+1 ! m necess>y x is t its masonry %\ld be bold1 & vice v]sa4 ,= if a build+ be "u ! m>k ( av]age magnitude1 x is n 9 our p[] to increase its app>5t size 7too easily measurable7 by any proportionate dim9ution 9 ! scale ( its masonry4 ,b x may be (t5 9 our p[] to give x a c]ta9 nobility by build+ x ( massy /ones1 or1 at all ev5ts1 introduc+ su* into its make4 ,?us x is impossible t !re %\ld ev] be maje/y 9 a cottage built ( brick2 b !re is a m>k$ elem5t ( sublimity 9 ! rude & irregul> pil+ ( ! rocky walls ( ! m\nta9 cottages ( ,wales1 ,cumb]l&1 & ,scotl&4 ,_! size is n "o :it dim9i%$1 ?\gh f\r or five /ones rea* at _! angles f ! gr\nd to ! eaves1 or ?\gh a native rock happ5 to project conv5i5tly1 & to be built into ! framework ( ! wall4 ,on ! o!r h&1 aft] a build+ has once rea*$ ! m>k ( maje/ic size1 x matt]s1 inde$1 comp>atively little :e!r its masonry be l>ge or small1 b if x be altoge!r l>ge1 x w sometimes dim9i% ! magnitude = want ( a measure2 if altoge!r small1 x w sugge/ ideas ( pov]ty 9 mat]ial1 or defici5cy 9 me*anical res\rce1 besides int]f]+ 9 _m cases ) ! l9es ( ! design1 & delicacy ( ! workman%ip4 ,a v unhappy in/ance ( su* int]f]5ce exi/s 9 ! facade ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,madele9e at ,p>is1 :]e ! columns1 be+ built ( v small /ones ( ne>ly equal size1 ) visible jo9ts1 look z if !y 7 cov]$ ) a close trellis4 ,s1 !n1 t masonry w be g5]ally ! mo/ magnific5t :i*1 )\t ! use ( mat]ials sy/ematically small or l>ge1 accommodates itself1 naturally & frankly1 to ! conditions & /ructure ( its "w1 & displays alike its p[] ( deal+ ) ! va/e/ masses1 & ( accompli%+ its purpose ) ! smalle/1 sometimes heap+ rock ^u rock ) ,titanic comm&m5t1 & anon b9d+ ! du/y remnants & edgy spl9t]s into spr++ vaults & swell+ domes4 ,& if ! nobility ( ?is confess$ & natural masonry 7 m commonly felt1 we %\ld n lose ! dignity ( x by smoo?+ surfaces & fitt+ jo9ts4 ,! sums :i* we wa/e 9 *isell+ & poli%+ /ones :i* w\ld h be5 bett] left z !y came f ! qu>ry w\ld (t5 raise a build+ a /ory high]4 ,only 9 ?is !re is to be a c]ta9 respect = mat]ial also3 = if we build 9 m>ble1 or 9 any lime/one1 ! kn[n ease ( ! workman%ip w make its abs5ce seem slov5ly2 x w be well to take advantage ( ! /one's s(tness1 & to make ! design delicate & dep5d5t ^u smoo?ness ( *isell$ surfaces3 b if we build 9 granite or lava1 x is a folly1 9 mo/ cases1 to ca/ away ! labor necess>y to smoo? x2 x is wis] to make ! design granitic itself1 & to leave ! blocks rudely squ>$4 ,i d n d5y a c]ta9 spl5dor & s5se ( p[] 9 ! smoo?+ ( granite1 & 9 ! entire subdu+ ( its iron resi/ance to ! human supremacy4 ,b1 9 mo/ cases1 ,i believe1 ! labor & "t necess>y to d ?is w\ld be bett] sp5t 9 ano!r way2 & t to raise a build+ to a height ( a hundr$ feet ) r\gh blocks1 is bett] ?an to raise x to sev5ty ) smoo? ones4 ,!re is also a magnific5ce 9 ! natural cleavage ( ! /one to :i* ! art mu/ inde$ be great t pret5ds to be equival5t2 & a /]n expression ( bro!rhood ) ! m\nta9 he>t f :i* x has be5 r5t1 ill-ex*ang$ = a gli/]+ ob$i5ce to ! rule & measure ( m54 ,8 eye mu/ be delicate inde$1 :o w\ld desire to see ! ,pitti palace poli%$4 ,,xii4 ,next to ^? ( ! masonry1 we h to consid] ! divisions ( ! design itself4 ,^? divisions are1 necess>ily1 ei!r into masses ( light & %ade1 or else by trac$ l9es2 :i* latt] mu/ be1 inde$1 !mselves produc$ by incisions or projections :i*1 9 "s lights1 ca/ a c]ta9 bread? ( %ade1 b :i* may1 nev]!less1 if f9ely en\gh cut1 be always true l9es1 9 di/ant effect4 ,i call1 = in/ance1 su* panell+ z t ( ,h5ry ! ,sev5?'s *apel1 pure l9e> division4 ,n[1 x does n seem to me suffici5tly recollect$1 t a wall surface is to an ar*itect simply :at a :ite canvas is to a pa9t]1 ) ?is only diff]5ce1 t ! wall has already a sublimity 9 its height1 sub/ance1 & o!r *>act]s already consid]$1 on :i* x is m dang]\s to break ?an to t\* ) %ade ! canvas surface4 ,&1 = my own "p1 ,i ?9k a smoo?1 broad1 fre%ly laid surface ( gesso a fair] ?+ ?an mo/ pictures ,i see pa9t$ on x2 mu* m1 a noble surface ( /one ?an mo/ ar*itectural features :i* x is caus$ to assume4 ,b h[ev] ?is may be1 ! canvas & wall are suppos$ to be giv51 & x is our craft to divide !m4 ,& ! pr9ciples on :i* ?is division is to be made1 are z reg>ds relation ( quantities1 ! same 9 ar*itecture z 9 pa9t+1 or inde$1 9 any o!r art :atsoev]1 only ! pa9t] is by 8 v>i$ subject p>tly p]mitt$1 p>tly compell$1 to disp5se ) ! symmetry ( ar*itectural light & %ade1 & to adopt arrangem5ts app>5tly free & accid5tal4 ,s t 9 modes ( gr\p+ !re is mu* diff]5ce 7?\gh no opposition7 betwe5 ! two arts2 b 9 rules ( quantity1 bo? are alike1 s f> =? z _! comm&s ( means are alike4 ,= ! ar*itect1 n be+ able to secure always ! same dep? or decision ( %ad[1 nor to add to its sadness by color 7because ev5 :5 color is employ$1 x _c foll[ ! mov+ %ade71 is compell$ to make _m all[ances1 & avail himself ( _m contrivances1 :i* ! pa9t] ne$s nei!r consid] nor employ4 ,,xiii4 ,( ^! limitations ! fir/ consequ5ce is1 t positive %ade is a m necess>y & m sublime ?+ 9 an ar*itect's h&s ?an 9 a pa9t]'s4 ,= ! latt] be+ able to temp] 8 light ) an "u-tone ?r\gh\t1 & to make x delightful ) sweet color1 or awful ) lurid color1 & to repres5t di/ance1 & air1 & sun1 by ! dep? ( x1 & fill its :ole space ) expression1 c deal ) an enorm\s1 nay1 almo/ ) an univ]sal ext5t ( x1 & ! be/ pa9t]s mo/ delight 9 su* ext5t2 b z light1 ) ! ar*itect1 is ne>ly always liable to become full & untemp]$ sun%9e se5 ^u solid surface1 8 only re/s1 & 8 *ief means ( sublimity1 are def9ite %ades4 ,s t1 aft] size & weight1 ! ,p[] ( ar*itecture may be said to dep5d on ! quantity 7:e!r measur$ 9 space or int5s5ess7 ( its %ad[2 & x seems to me1 t ! reality ( its works1 & ! use & influ5ce !y h 9 ! daily life ( m5 7z oppos$ to ^? works ( art ) :i* we h no?+ to d b 9 times ( re/ or ( pleasure7 require ( x t x %\ld express a k9d ( human sympa?y1 by a measure ( d>kness z great z !re is 9 human life3 & t z ! great poem & great fiction g5]ally affect u mo/ by ! maje/y ( _! masses ( %ade1 & _c take hold ^u u if !y affect a cont9uance ( lyric sprightl9ess1 b mu/ be s]i\s (t51 & sometimes melan*oly1 else !y d n express ! tru? ( ?is wild _w ( ours2 s !re mu/ be1 9 ?is magnific5tly human art ( ar*itecture1 "s equival5t expression = ! tr\ble & wra? ( life1 = its sorr[ & its my/]y3 & ?is x c only give by dep? or diffusion ( gloom1 by ! fr[n ^u its front1 & ! %ad[ ( its recess4 ,s t ,rembr&tism is a noble mann] 9 ar*itecture1 ?\gh a false "o 9 pa9t+2 & ,i d n believe t ev] any build+ 0 truly great1 unless x _h mighty masses1 vigor\s & deep1 ( %ad[ m+l$ ) its surface4 ,& among ! fir/ habits t a "y ar*itect %\ld le>n1 is t ( ?9k+ 9 %ad[1 n look+ at a design 9 its mis]able l9y skeleton2 b conceiv+ x z x w be :5 ! dawn lights x1 & ! dusk leaves x2 :5 its /ones w be hot & its crannies cool2 :5 ! liz>ds w bask on ! "o1 & ! birds build 9 ! o!r4 ,let him design ) ! s5se ( cold & heat ^u him2 let him cut out ! %ad[s1 z m5 dig wells 9 unwat]$ pla9s2 & lead along ! lights1 z a f\nd] does 8 hot metal2 let him keep ! full comm& ( bo?1 & see t he kn[s h[ !y fall1 & :]e !y fade4 ,8 pap] l9es & proportions are ( no value3 all t he has to d mu/ be done by spaces ( light & d>kness2 & 8 bus9ess is to see t ! "o is broad & bold en\gh n to be swall[$ up by twilight1 & ! o!r deep en\gh n to be dri$ l a %all[ pool by a noon-day sun4 ,& t ?is may be1 ! fir/ necessity is t ! quantities ( %ade or light1 :atev] !y may be1 %all be ?r[n into masses1 ei!r ( some?+ l equal weight1 or else l>ge masses ( ! "o reliev$ ) small ( ! o!r2 b masses ( "o or o!r k9d !re mu/ be4 ,no design t is divid$ at all1 & is n divid$ into masses1 c ev] be ( ! smalle/ value3 ?is great law respect+ bread?1 precisely ! same 9 ar*itecture & pa9t+1 is s important1 t ! exam9ation ( its two pr9cipal applications w include mo/ ( ! conditions ( maje/ic design on :i* ,i w\ld at pres5t insi/4 ,,xiv4 ,pa9t]s are 9 ! habit ( speak+ loosely ( masses ( light & %ade1 mean+ !reby any l>ge spaces ( ei!r4 ,nev]!less1 x is conv5i5t sometimes to re/rict ! t]m mass to ! portions to :i* prop] =m belongs1 & to call ! field on :i* su* =ms are trac$1 int]val4 ,?us1 9 foliage ) project+ b\ghs or /ems1 we h masses ( light1 ) int]vals ( %ade2 &1 9 light skies ) d>k cl\ds ^u !m1 masses ( %ade ) int]vals ( light4 ,?is di/9ction is1 9 ar*itecture1 /ill m necess>y2 = !re are two m>k$ /yles dep5d5t ^u x3 "o 9 :i* ! =ms are drawn ) light ^u d>kness1 z 9 ,greek sculpture & pill>s2 ! o!r 9 :i* !y are drawn ) d>kness ^u light1 z 9 e>ly ,go?ic foliation4 ,n[1 x is n 9 ! design]'s p[] det]m9ately to v>y degrees & places ( d>kness1 b x is altoge!r 9 8 p[] to v>y 9 det]m9$ directions 8 degrees ( light4 ,h5ce1 ! use ( ! d>k mass *>act]ises1 g5]ally1 a tr5*ant /yle ( design1 9 :i* ! d>ks & lights are bo? flat1 & t]m9at$ by %>p edges2 :ile ! use ( ! light mass is 9 ! same way associat$ ) a s(t5$ & full mann] ( design1 9 :i* ! d>ks are mu* w>m$ by reflect$ lights1 & ! lights are r\nd$ & melt into !m4 ,! t]m appli$ by ,milton to ,doric bas-relief--bossy1 is1 z is g5]ally ! case ) ,milton's epi!ts1 ! mo/ compreh5sive & expressive ( ?is mann]1 :i* ! ,engli% language conta9s2 :ile ! t]m :i* specifically describes ! *ief memb] ( e>ly ,go?ic decoration1 feuille1 foil or leaf1 is equally significative ( a flat space ( %ade4 ,,xv4 ,we %all %ortly consid] ! actual modes 9 :i* ^! two k9ds ( mass h be5 treat$4 ,&1 fir/1 ( ! light1 or r\nd$1 mass4 ,! modes 9 :i* relief 0 secur$ = ! m project+ =ms ( bas-relief1 by ! ,greeks1 h be5 too well describ$ by ,mr4 ,ea/lake,i to ne$ recapitulation3 ! conclusion :i* =ces itself ^u u f ! facts he has rem>k$1 be+ "o on :i* ,i %all h occasion f>!r to insi/ pres5tly1 t ! ,greek workman c>$ = %ad[ only z a d>k field :]efrom 8 light figure or design might be intelligibly deta*$3 8 att5tion 0 conc5trat$ on ! "o aim at readabl5ess1 & cle>ness ( acc5t2 & all composition1 all h>mony1 nay1 ! v vitality & en]gy ( sep>ate gr\ps 71 :5 necess>y1 sacrific$ to pla9 speak+4 ,nor 0 !re any pr$ilection = "o k9d ( =m r ?an ano!r4 ,b\nd$ =ms 71 9 ! columns & pr9cipal decorative memb]s1 adopt$1 n = _! own sake1 b z *>act]i/ic ( ! ?+s repres5t$4 ,!y 7 beautifully r\nd$1 because ! ,greek habitually did well :at he _h to d1 n because he lov$ r\ndness m ?an squ>5ess2 sev]ely rectil9e> =ms 7 associat$ ) ! curv$ ones 9 ! cornice & triglyph1 & ! mass ( ! pill> 0 divid$ by a flut+1 :i*1 9 di/ant effect1 de/roy$ mu* ( its bread?4 ,:at p[] ( light ^! primal arrangem5ts left1 0 dim9i%$ 9 successive ref9em5ts & additions ( ornam5t2 & cont9u$ to dim9i% ?r\gh ,roman "w1 until ! confirmation ( ! circul> ar* z a decorative feature4 ,its lovely & simple l9e taught ! eye to ask = a simil> b\nd>y ( solid =m2 ! dome foll[$1 & necess>ily ! decorative masses 7 !nce=w>d manag$ ) ref]5ce to1 & 9 sympa?y )1 ! *ief feature ( ! build+4 ,h5ce arose1 among ! ,byzant9e ar*itects1 a sy/em ( ornam5t1 entirely re/ra9$ )9 ! sup]fices ( curvil9e> masses1 on :i* ! light fell ) z unbrok5 gradation z on a dome or column1 :ile ! illum9$ surface 0 nev]!less cut into details ( s+ul> & mo/ +5i\s intricacy4 ,some?+ is1 ( c\rse1 to be all[$ = ! less dext]ity ( ! workm52 x be+ easi] to cut d[n into a solid block1 ?an to arrange ! project+ portions ( leaf on ! ,greek capital3 su* leafy capitals are nev]!less execut$ by ! ,byzant9es ) skill en\gh to %[ t _! pref]5ce ( ! massive =m 0 by no means compulsory1 nor c ,i ?9k x unwise4 ,on ! contr>y1 :ile ! arrangem5ts ( l9e are f> m artful 9 ! ,greek capital1 ! ,byzant9e light & %ade are z inconte/ably m gr& & mascul9e1 bas$ on t quality ( pure gradation1 :i* ne>ly all natural objects possess1 & ! atta9m5t ( :i* is1 9 fact1 ! fir/ & mo/ palpable purpose 9 natural arrangem5ts ( gr& =m4 ,! roll+ heap ( ! ?und]-cl\d1 divid$ by r5ts1 & multipli$ by wrea?s1 yet ga!r+ !m all into its broad1 torrid1 & t[]+ zone1 & its midnight d>kness opposite2 ! sc>cely less maje/ic heave ( ! m\nta9 side1 all torn & trav]s$ by dep? ( defile & ridge ( rock1 yet nev] los+ ! unity ( its illum9$ swell & %ad[y decl9e2 & ! head ( e mighty tree1 ri* ) trac]y ( leaf & b\gh1 yet t]m9at$ aga9/ ! sky by a true l9e1 & r\nd$ by a gre5 horizon1 :i*1 multipli$ 9 ! di/ant =e/1 makes x look bossy f above2 all ^! m>k1 = a great & honor$ law1 t diffusion ( light = :i* ! ,byzant9e ornam5ts 7 design$2 & %[ u t ^? build]s _h tru] sympa?y ) :at ,god made maje/ic1 ?an ! self-contemplat+ & self-cont5t$ ,greek4 ,i "k t !y are b>b>ic 9 comp>ison2 b !re is a p[] 9 _! b>b>ism ( /]n] tone1 a p[] n sophi/ic nor p5etrative1 b embrac+ & my/]i\s2 a p[] fai?ful m ?an ?\ghtful1 :i* conceiv$ & felt m ?an x creat$2 a p[] t nei!r compreh5d$ nor rul$ itself1 b work$ & w&]$ z x li/$1 l m\nta9 /reams & w9ds2 & :i* c\ld n re/ 9 ! expression or seizure ( f9ite =m4 ,x c\ld n bury itself 9 acan?us leaves4 ,its imag]y 0 tak5 f ! %ad[s ( ! /orms & hills1 & _h fell[%ip ) ! night & day ( ! e>? itself4 ,i ,lit]ature ( ! ,f9e ,arts4--,essay on ,bas-relief4 ,,xvi4 ,i h endeavor$ to give "s idea ( "o ( ! holl[ balls ( /one :i*1 surr\nd$ by fl[+ leafage1 occur 9 v>i$ succession on ! ar*itrave ( ! c5tral gate ( ,/4 ,m>k's at ,v5ice1 9 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #b4 ,x seems to me s+ul>ly beautiful 9 its unity ( lightness1 & delicacy ( detail1 ) bread? ( light4 ,x looks z if its leaves _h be5 s5sitive1 & _h ris5 & %ut !mselves into a bud at "s sudd5 t\*1 & w\ld pres5tly fall back aga9 into _! wild fl[4 ,! cornices ( ,san ,mi*ele ( ,lucca1 se5 above & bel[ ! ar*1 9 ,plate ,,vi41 %[ ! effect ( heavy leafage & ?ick /ems arrang$ on a surface ^: curve is a simple quadrant1 ! light dy+ f (f !m z x turns4 ,x w\ld be difficult1 z ,i ?9k1 to inv5t any?+ m noble2 & ,i insi/ on ! broad "* ( _! arrangem5t ! m e>ne/ly1 because1 aft]w>ds modifi$ by great] skill 9 its managem5t1 x became *>act]i/ic ( ! ri*e/ pieces ( ,go?ic design4 ,! capital1 giv5 9 ,plate ,v41 is ( ! noble/ p]iod ( ! ,v5etian ,go?ic2 & x is int]e/+ to see ! play ( leafage s luxuriant1 absolutely subord9at$ to ! bread? ( two masses ( light & %ade4 ,:at is done by ! ,v5etian ar*itect1 ) a p[] z irresi/ible z t ( ! waves ( 8 surr\nd+ sea1 is done by ! ma/]s ( ! ,cis-,alp9e ,go?ic1 m timidly1 & ) a mann] some:at cramp$ & cold1 b n less express+ _! ass5t to ! same great law4 ,! ice spiculae ( ! ,nor?1 & its brok5 sun%9e1 seem to h image 91 & influ5ce on ! "w2 & ! leaves :i*1 "u ! ,italian's h&1 roll1 & fl[1 & b[ d[n ov] _! black %ad[s1 z 9 ! we>9ess ( noon-day heat1 are1 9 ! ,nor?1 crisp$ & fro/-bitt51 wr9kl$ on ! edges1 & sp>kl+ z if ) dew4 ,b ! r\nd+ ( ! rul+ =m is n less s\ght & felt4 ,9 ! l[] "p ( ,plate ,i4 is ! f9ial ( ! p$im5t giv5 9 ,plate ,,ii41 f ! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,lo4 ,x is exactly simil> 9 feel+ to ! ,byzant9e capital1 be+ r\nd$ "u ! abacus by f\r bran*es ( ?i/le leaves1 ^: /ems1 spr++ f ! angles1 b5d outw>ds & fall back to ! head1 ?r[+ _! jaggy sp9es d[n ^u ! full light1 =m+ two %>p quatre-foils4 ,i c\ld n get ne> en\gh to ?is f9ial to see ) :at degree ( delicacy ! sp9es 7 cut2 b ,i h sket*$ a natural gr\p ( ?i/le-leaves beside x1 t ! read] may comp>e ! types1 & see ) :at ma/]y !y are subject$ to ! broad =m ( ! :ole4 ,! small capital f ,c\tances1 ,plate ,,xiii4 fig4 #d1 :i* is ( e>li] date1 is ( simpl] elem5ts1 & exhibits ! pr9ciple /ill m cle>ly2 b ! ,/4 ,lo f9ial is only "o ( a ?\s& in/ances :i* might be ga!r$ ev5 f ! fully develop$ flamboyant1 ! feel+ ( bread? be+ reta9$ 9 m9or ornam5ts long aft] x _h be5 lo/ 9 ! ma9 design1 & sometimes caprici\sly r5ew+ itself ?r\gh\t1 z 9 ! cyl9drical ni*es & p$e/als :i* enri* ! por*es ( ,caudebec & ,r\54 ,fig4 #a1 ,plate ,i4 is ! simple/ ( ^? ( ,r\52 9 ! m elaborate !re are f\r project+ sides1 divid$ by buttresses into eight r\nd$ comp>tm5ts ( trac]y2 ev5 ! :ole bulk ( ! out] pi] is treat$ ) ! same feel+2 & ?\gh compos$ p>tly ( concave recesses1 p>tly ( squ>e %afts1 p>tly ( /atues & tab]nacle "w1 arranges itself z a :ole into "o ri*ly r\nd$ t[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v4--7,page #hh--,vol4 ,v47 ,,capital ,,f ,,! ,,l[] ,,arcade ,,( ,,! ,,doge',s ,,palace1 ,,v5ice4 ,,xvii4 ,i _c "h ent] into ! curi\s que/ions connect$ ) ! managem5t ( l>g] curv$ surfaces2 into ! causes ( ! diff]5ce 9 proportion necess>y to be obs]v$ betwe5 r\nd & squ>e t[]s2 nor into ! reasons :y a column or ball may be ri*ly ornam5t$1 :ile surface decorations w\ld be inexp$i5t on masses l ! ,ca/le ( ,/4 ,angelo1 ! tomb ( ,cecilia ,metella1 or ! dome ( ,/4 ,pet]'s4 ,b :at has be5 above said ( ! desireabl5ess ( s]5ity 9 plane surfaces1 applies /ill m =cibly to ^? :i* are curv$2 & x is to be rememb]$ t we are1 at pres5t1 consid]+ h[ ?is s]5ity & p[] may be c>ri$ into m9or divisions1 n h[ ! ornam5tal "* ( ! l[] =m may1 ^u occasion1 be p]mitt$ to fret ! calmness ( ! high]4 ,nor1 ?\gh ! in/ances we h exam9$ are ( globul> or cyl9drical masses *iefly1 is x to be ?\ght t bread? c only be secur$ by su* alone3 _m ( ! noble/ =ms are ( subdu$ curvature1 sometimes h>dly visible2 b curvature ( "s degree !re mu/ be1 9 ord] to secure any measure ( gr&eur 9 a small mass ( light4 ,"o ( ! mo/ m>k$ di/9ctions betwe5 "o arti/ & ano!r1 9 ! po9t ( skill1 w be f\nd 9 _! relative delicacy ( p]ception ( r\nd$ surface2 ! full p[] ( express+ ! p]spective1 =e%ort5+ & v>i\s undulation ( su* surface is1 p]haps1 ! la/ & mo/ difficult atta9m5t ( ! h& & eye4 ,= in/ance3 !re is1 p]haps1 no tree :i* has baffl$ ! l&scape pa9t] m ?an ! common black spruce fir4 ,x is r>e t we see any repres5tation ( x o!r ?an c>icature4 ,x is conceiv$ z if x grew 9 "o plane1 or z a section ( a tree1 ) a set ( b\ghs symmetrically dep5d5t on opposite sides4 ,x is ?\ght =mal1 unmanageable1 & ugly4 ,x w\ld be s1 if x grew z x is drawn4 ,b ! p[] ( ! tree is n 9 t *&eli]-l section4 ,x is 9 ! d>k1 flat1 solid tables ( leafage1 :i* x holds out on its /rong arms1 curv$ slightly ov] !m l %ields1 & spread+ t[>ds ! extremity l a h&4 ,x is va9 to endeavor to pa9t ! %>p1 grassy1 intricate leafage1 until ?is rul+ =m has be5 secur$2 & 9 ! b\ghs t approa* ! spectator1 ! =e%ort5+ ( x is l t ( a wide hill c\ntry1 ridge j ris+ ov] ridge 9 successive di/ances2 & ! f+]-l extremities1 =e%ort5$ to absolute bluntness1 require a delicacy 9 ! r5d]+ ( !m l t ( ! draw+ ( ! h& ( ! ,magdal5e ^u ! vase 9 ,mr4 ,rog]s's ,titian4 ,get b ! back ( t foliage1 & y h ! tree2 b ,i _c "n ! arti/ :o has ?or\ghly felt x4 ,s1 9 all draw+ & sculpture1 x is ! p[] ( r\nd+1 s(tly & p]fectly1 e inf]ior mass :i* pres]ves ! s]5ity1 z x foll[s ! tru?1 ( ,nature1 & :i* dem&s ! highe/ k & skill f ! workman4 ,a noble design may always be told by ! back ( a s+le leaf1 & x 0 ! sacrifice ( ?is bread? & ref9em5t ( surface = %>p edges & extravagant und]cutt+1 :i* de/roy$ ! ,go?ic m\ld+s1 z ! sub/itution ( ! l9e = ! light de/roy$ ! ,go?ic trac]y4 ,?is *ange1 h[ev]1 we %all bett] compreh5d aft] we h glanc$ at ! *ief conditions ( arrangem5t ( ! second k9d ( mass2 t :i* is flat1 & ( %ad[ only4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi4--7,page #ij--,vol4 ,v47 ,,ar* ,,f ,,! ,,facade ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,san ,,mi*ele ,,at ,,lucca4 ,,xviii4 ,we h not$ above h[ ! wall surface1 compos$ ( ri* mat]ials1 & cov]$ ) co/ly "w1 9 modes :i* we %all exam9e 9 ! next ,*apt]1 became a subject ( peculi> int]e/ to ! ,*ri/ian ar*itects4 ,its broad flat lights c\ld only be made valuable by po9ts or masses ( en]getic %ad[1 :i* 7 obta9$ by ! ,romanesque ar*itect by means ( ranges ( recess$ arcade1 9 ! managem5t ( :i*1 h[ev]1 ?\gh all ! effect dep5ds ^u ! %ad[ s obta9$1 ! eye is /ill1 z 9 classical ar*itecture1 caus$ to dwell ^u ! project+ columns1 capitals1 & wall1 z 9 ,plate ,,vi4 ,b ) ! enl>gem5t ( ! w9d[1 :i*1 9 ! ,lomb>d & ,romanesque *ur*es1 is usually little m ?an an ar*$ slit1 came ! conception ( ! simpl] mode ( decoration1 by p5etrations :i*1 se5 f )91 are =ms ( light1 &1 f )\t1 are =ms ( %ade4 ,9 ,italian trac]ies ! eye is exclusively fix$ ^u ! d>k =ms ( ! p5etrations1 & ! :ole proportion & p[] ( ! design are caus$ to dep5d ^u !m4 ,! int]m$iate spaces are1 inde$1 9 ! mo/ p]fect e>ly examples1 fill$ ) elaborate ornam5t2 b ?is ornam5t 0 s subdu$ z nev] to di/urb ! simplicity & =ce ( ! d>k masses2 & 9 _m in/ances is entirely want+4 ,! composition ( ! :ole dep5ds on ! proportion+ & %ap+ ( ! d>ks2 & x is impossible t any?+ c be m exquisite ?an _! plac+ 9 ! head w9d[ ( ! ,giotto campanile1 ,plate ,,ix41 or ! *ur* ( ,or ,san ,mi*ele4 ,s entirely does ! effect dep5d ^u !m1 t x is q useless to draw ,italian trac]y 9 outl9e2 if ) any int5tion ( r5d]+ its effect1 x is bett] to m>k ! black spots1 & let ! re/ alone4 ,( c\rse1 :5 x is desir$ to obta9 an accurate r5d]+ ( ! design1 its l9es & m\ld+s are en\gh2 b x (t5 happ5s t works on ar*itecture are ( little use1 because !y af=d ! read] no means ( judg+ ( ! effective int5tion ( ! arrangem5ts :i* !y /ate4 ,no p]son1 look+ at an ar*itectural draw+ ( ! ri*ly foliag$ cusps & int]vals ( ,or ,san ,mi*ele1 w\ld und]/& t all ?is sculpture 0 extrane\s1 0 a m]e add$ grace1 & _h no?+ to d ) ! real anatomy ( ! "w1 & t by a few bold cutt+s ?r\gh a slab ( /one he might rea* ! ma9 effect ( x all at once4 ,i h1 !re=e1 9 ! plate ( ! design ( ,giotto1 endeavor$ especially to m>k ^! po9ts ( purpose2 !re1 z 9 e o!r in/ance1 black %ad[s ( a graceful =m ly+ on ! :ite surface ( ! /one1 l d>k leaves laid ^u sn[4 ,h5ce1 z be=e obs]v$1 ! univ]sal "n ( foil appli$ to su* ornam5ts4 ,,xix4 ,9 ord] to ! obta9+ _! full effect1 x is evid5t t mu* caution is necess>y 9 ! managem5t ( ! glass4 ,9 ! f9e/ in/ances1 ! trac]ies are op5 lights1 ei!r 9 t[]s1 z 9 ?is design ( ,giotto's or 9 ext]nal arcades l t ( ! ,campo ,santo at ,pisa or ! ,doge's palace at ,v5ice2 & x is ?us only t _! full beauty is %[n4 ,9 dome/ic build+s1 or 9 w9d[s ( *ur*es necess>ily glaz$1 ! glass 0 usually )drawn entirely beh9d ! trac]ies4 ,^? ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,flor5ce /& q cle> ( x1 ca/+ _! %ad[s 9 well deta*$ l9es1 s z 9 mo/ lights to give ! appe>ance ( a d\ble trac]y4 ,9 ^? few in/ances 9 :i* ! glass 0 set 9 ! trac]y itself1 z 9 ,or ,san ,mi*ele1 ! effect ( ! latt] is half de/roy$3 p]haps ! especial att5tion paid by ,orgagna to 8 surface ornam5t1 0 connect$ ) ! int5tion ( s glaz+ !m4 ,x is s+ul> to see1 9 late ar*itecture1 ! glass1 :i* torm5t$ ! old] ar*itects1 consid]$ z a valuable means ( mak+ ! l9es ( trac]y m sl5d]2 z 9 ! smalle/ int]vals ( ! w9d[s ( ,m]ton ,college1 ,ox=d1 :]e ! glass is advanc$ ab\t two in*es f ! c5tre ( ! trac]y b> 7t 9 ! l>g] spaces be+ 9 ! middle1 z usual71 9 ord] to prev5t ! dep? ( %ad[ f f>!r dim9i%+ ! app>5t int]val4 ,mu* ( ! lightness ( ! effect ( ! trac]ies is ow+ to ?is seem+ly unimportant arrangem5t4 ,b1 g5]ally speak+1 glass spoils all trac]ies2 & x is mu* to be wi%$ t x %\ld be kept well )9 !m1 :5 x _c be disp5s$ )1 & t ! mo/ c>eful & beautiful designs %\ld be res]v$ = situations :]e no glass w\ld be ne$$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii4--7,page #ic--,vol4 ,v47 ,,pi]c$ ,,ornam5ts ,,f ,,lisieux1 ,,bayeux1 ,,v]ona1 ,,& ,,padua4 ,,xx4 ,! me?od ( decoration by %ad[ 01 z f> z we h hi!rto trac$ x1 common to ! nor!rn & s\!rn ,go?ic4 ,b 9 ! c>ry+ out ( ! sy/em !y in/antly div]g$4 ,hav+ m>ble at 8 comm&1 & classical decoration 9 8 sight1 ! s\!rn ar*itect 0 able to c>ve ! int]m$iate spaces ) exquisite leafage1 or to v>y 8 wall surface ) inlaid /ones4 ,! nor!rn ar*itect nei!r knew ! anci5t "w1 nor possess$ ! delicate mat]ial2 & he _h no res\rce b to cov] 8 walls ) holes1 cut into foil$ %apes l ^? ( ! w9d[s4 ,?is he did1 (t5 ) great clums9ess1 b always ) a vigor\s s5se ( composition1 & always1 obs]ve1 dep5d+ on ! %ad[s = effect4 ,:]e ! wall 0 ?ick & c\ld n be cut ?r\gh1 & ! foil+s 7 l>ge1 ^? %ad[s did n fill ! entire space2 b ! =m 01 nev]!less1 drawn on ! eye by means ( !m1 & :5 x 0 possible1 !y 7 cut cle> ?r\gh1 z 9 rais$ scre5s ( p$im5t1 l ^? on ! we/ front ( ,bayeux2 cut s deep 9 e case1 z to secure1 9 all b a direct l[ front light1 great bread? ( %ad[4 ,! sp&ril1 giv5 at ! top ( ,plate ,,vii41 is f ! s\?we/]n entrance ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,lisieux2 "o ( ! mo/ qua9t & int]e/+ doors 9 ,norm&y1 probably soon to be lo/ =ev]1 by ! cont9uance ( ! masonic op]ations :i* h already de/roy$ ! nor!rn t[]4 ,its "w is altoge!r rude1 b full ( _s2 ! opposite sp&rils h diff]5t1 ?\gh balanc$1 ornam5ts v inaccurately adju/$1 ea* rosette or /> 7z ! five-ray$ figure1 n[ q defac$1 9 ! upp] portion appe>s to h be57 cut on its own block ( /one & fitt$ 9 ) small nicety1 especially illu/rat+ ! po9t ,i h above insi/$ ^u--! ar*itect's utt] neglect ( ! =ms ( int]m$iate /one1 at ?is e>ly p]iod4 ,! arcade1 ( :i* a s+le ar* & %aft are giv5 on ! left1 =ms ! flank ( ! door2 ?ree out] %afts be>+ ?ree ord]s )9 ! sp&ril :i* ,i h drawn1 & ea* ( ^! %afts c>ri$ ov] an inn] arcade1 decorat$ above ) quatre-foils1 cut concave & fill$ ) leaves1 ! :ole disposition exquisitely picturesque & full ( /range play ( light & %ade4 ,= "s "t ! p5etrative ornam5ts1 if s !y may be = conv5i5ce call$1 ma9ta9$ _! bold & indep5d5t "*4 ,!n !y multipli$ & enl>g$1 becom+ %all[] z !y did s2 !n !y began to run toge!r1 "o swall[+ up1 or hang+ on to1 ano!r1 l bubbles 9 expir+ foam--fig4 #d1 f a sp&ril at ,bayeux1 looks z if x _h be5 bl[n f a pipe2 f9ally1 !y lo/ _! individual "* altoge!r1 & ! eye 0 made to re/ on ! sep>at+ l9es ( trac]y1 z we saw be=e 9 ! w9d[2 & !n came ! great *ange & ! fall ( ! ,go?ic p[]4 ,,xxi4 ,figs4 #b & #c1 ! "o a quadrant ( ! /> w9d[ ( ! little *apel close to ,/4 ,ana/asia at ,v]ona1 & ! o!r a v s+ul> example f ! *ur* ( ! ,eremitani at ,padua1 comp>$ ) fig4 #e1 "o ( ! ornam5ts ( ! transept t[]s ( ,r\51 %[ ! closely correspond5t conditions ( ! e>ly ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,go?ic4#aj ,b1 z we h said1 ! ,italian ar*itects1 n be+ emb>rass$ = decoration ( wall surface1 & n be+ oblig$1 l ! ,nor?m51 to multiply _! p5etrations1 held to ! sy/em = "s "t long]2 & :ile !y increas$ ! ref9em5t ( ! ornam5t1 kept ! purity ( ! plan4 ,t ref9em5t ( ornam5t 0 _! weak po9t1 h[ev]1 & op5$ ! way = ! r5aissance attack4 ,!y fell1 l ! old ,romans1 by _! luxury1 except 9 ! sep>ate in/ance ( ! magnific5t s*ool ( ,v5ice4 ,t ar*itecture began ) ! luxuriance 9 :i* all o!rs expir$3 x f\nd$ itself on ! ,byzant9e mosaic & fretwork2 & lay+ aside its ornam5ts1 "o by "o1 :ile x fix$ its =ms by laws m & m sev]e1 /ood =?1 at la/1 a model ( dome/ic ,go?ic1 s gr&1 s complete1 s nobly sy/ematis$1 t1 to my m9d1 !re nev] exi/$ an ar*itecture ) s /]n a claim to our rev]5ce4 ,i d n except ev5 ! ,greek ,doric2 ! ,doric _h ca/ no?+ away2 ! f\rte5? c5tury ,v5etian _h ca/ away1 "o by "o1 = a succession ( c5turies1 e spl5dor t art & weal? c\ld give x4 ,x _h laid d[n its cr[n & its jewels1 its gold & its color1 l a k+ disrob+2 x _h resign$ its ex]tion1 l an a?lete repos+2 once caprici\s & fanta/ic1 x _h b\nd itself by laws inviolable & s]5e z ^? ( nature h]self4 ,x reta9$ no?+ b its beauty & its p[]2 bo? ! highe/1 b bo? re/ra9$4 ,! ,doric flut+s 7 ( irregul> numb]--! ,v5etian m\ld+s 7 un*angeable4 ,! ,doric mann] ( ornam5t admitt$ no temptation1 x 0 ! fa/+ ( an an*orite--! ,v5etian ornam5t embrac$1 :ile x gov]n$1 all vegetable & animal =ms2 x 0 ! temp]ance ( a man1 ! comm& ( ,adam ov] creation4 ,i d n "k s magnific5t a m>k+ ( human au?ority z ! iron grasp ( ! ,v5etian ov] 8 own exub]ance ( imag9ation2 ! calm & solemn re/ra9t ) :i*1 8 m9d fill$ ) ?\ghts ( fl[+ leafage & fi]y life1 he gives ^? ?\ghts expression = an in/ant1 & !n )draws )9 ^? massy b>s & level cusps ( /one4#aa ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,viii4--7,page #ie--,vol4 ,v47 ,,w9d[ ,,f ,,! ,,ca' ,,fosc>i1 ,,v5ice4 ,& 8 p[] to d ?is dep5d$ altoge!r on 8 reta9+ ! =ms ( ! %ad[s 9 8 sight4 ,f> f c>ry+ ! eye to ! ornam5ts1 ^u ! /one1 he ab&on$ ^! latt] "o by "o2 & :ile 8 m\ld+s receiv$ ! mo/ %apely ord] & symmetry1 closely correspond5t ) t ( ! ,r\5 trac]y1 comp>e ,plates ,,iii4 & ,,viii41 he kept ! cusps )9 !m p]fectly flat1 decorat$1 if at all1 ) a trefoil 7,palazzo ,fosc>i71 or fillet 7,doge's ,palace7 j traceable & no m1 s t ! quatrefoil1 cut z %>ply ?r\gh !m z if x _h be5 /ruck out by a /amp1 told ^u ! eye1 ) all its f\r black leaves1 miles away4 ,no knots ( fl[]work1 no ornam5ts ( any k9d1 7 suff]$ to int]f]e ) ! purity ( its =m3 ! cusp is usually q %>p2 b slightly truncat$ 9 ! ,palazzo ,fosc>i1 & *>g$ ) a simple ball 9 t ( ! ,doge2 & ! glass ( ! w9d[1 :]e !re 0 any1 01 z we h se51 ?r[n back beh9d ! /one-"w1 t no fla%es ( light might int]f]e ) its dep?4 ,corrupt$ =ms1 l ^? ( ! ,casa d',oro & ,palazzo ,pisani1 & sev]al o!rs1 only s]ve to %[ ! maje/y ( ! common design4 ,,xxii4 ,su* are ! pr9cipal circum/ances traceable 9 ! treatm5t ( ! two k9ds ( masses ( light & d>kness1 9 ! h&s ( ! e>li] ar*itects2 gradation 9 ! "o1 flatness 9 ! o!r1 & bread? 9 bo?1 be+ ! qualities s\ght & exhibit$ by e possible exp$i5t1 up to ! p]iod :51 z we h be=e /at$1 ! l9e 0 sub/itut$ = ! mass1 z ! means ( division ( surface4 ,en\gh has be5 said to illu/rate ?is1 z reg>ds trac]y2 b a ^w or two is /ill necess>y respect+ ! m\ld+s4 ,^? ( ! e>li] times 71 9 ! plurality ( in/ances1 compos$ ( alt]nate squ>e & cyl9drical %afts1 v>i\sly associat$ & proportion$4 ,:]e concave cutt+s occur1 z 9 ! beautiful we/ doors ( ,bayeux1 !y are betwe5 cyl9drical %afts1 :i* !y ?r[ out into broad light4 ,! eye 9 all cases dwells on broad surfaces1 & commonly ^u few4 ,9 c\rse ( "t1 a l[ ridgy process is se5 em]g+ along ! out] edge ( ! cyl9drical %aft1 =m+ a l9e ( light ^u x & de/roy+ its gradation4 ,h>dly traceable at fir/ 7z on ! alt]nate rolls ( ! nor? door ( ,r\571 x gr[s & pu%es out z gradually z a /ag's horns3 %>p at fir/ on ! edge2 b1 becom+ prom95t1 x receives a truncation1 & becomes a def9ite fillet on ! face ( ! roll4 ,n yet to be *eck$1 x pu%es =w>d until ! roll itself becomes subord9ate to x1 & is f9ally lo/ 9 a slight swell ^u its sides1 :ile ! concavities h all ! "t be5 deep5+ & enl>g+ beh9d x1 until1 f a succession ( squ>e or cyl9drical masses1 ! :ole m\ld+ has become a s]ies ( concavities edg$ by delicate fillets1 ^u :i* 7%>p l9es ( light1 obs]ve7 ! eye exclusively re/s4 ,:ile ?is has be5 tak+ place1 a simil>1 ?\gh less total1 *ange has affect$ ! fl[]work itself4 ,9 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #b 7a71 ,i h giv5 two f ! transepts ( ,r\54 ,x w be obs]v$ h[ absolutely ! eye re/s on ! =ms ( ! leaves1 & on ! ?ree b]ries 9 ! angle1 be+ 9 light exactly :at ! trefoil is 9 d>kness4 ,^! m\ld+s ne>ly adh]e to ! /one2 & are v slightly1 ?\gh %>ply1 und]cut4 ,9 process ( "t1 ! att5tion ( ! ar*itect1 in/ead ( re/+ on ! leaves1 w5t to ! /alks4 ,^! latt] 7 elongat$ 7b1 f ! s\? door ( ,/4 ,lo72 & to exhibit !m bett]1 ! deep concavity 0 cut beh9d1 s z to ?r[ !m out 9 l9es ( light4 ,! sy/em 0 c>ri$ out into cont9ually increas+ intricacy1 until1 9 ! transepts ( ,beauvais1 we h brackets & flamboyant trac]ies1 compos$ ( twigs )\t any leaves at all4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is a p>tial1 ?\gh a suffici5tly *>act]i/ic1 caprice1 ! leaf be+ nev] g5]ally bani%$1 & 9 ! m\ld+s r\nd ^? same doors1 beautifully manag$1 b itself r5d]$ l9y by bold m>k+ ( its ribs & ve9s1 & by turn+ up1 & crisp+ its edges1 l>ge int]m$iate spaces be+ always left to be occupi$ by int]tw9+ /ems 7c1 f ,caudebec74 ,! trefoil ( light =m$ by b]ries or acorns1 ?\gh dim9i%$ 9 value1 0 nev] lo/ up to ! la/ p]iod ( liv+ ,go?ic4 ,,xxiii4 ,x is int]e/+ to foll[ into its _m ramifications1 ! influ5ce ( ! corrupt+ pr9ciple2 b we h se5 en\gh ( x to enable u to draw our practical conclusion--a conclusion a ?\s& times felt & reit]at$ 9 ! exp]i5ce & advice ( e practis$ arti/1 b nev] (t5 en\gh repeat$1 nev] pr(\ndly en\gh felt4 ,( composition & inv5tion mu* has be5 writt51 x seems to me va9ly1 = m5 _c be taught to compose or to inv5t2 ( ^!1 ! highe/ elem5ts ( ,p[] 9 ar*itecture1 ,i d n1 !re=e1 speak2 nor1 "h1 ( t peculi> re/ra9t 9 ! imitation ( natural =ms1 :i* con/itutes ! dignity ( ev5 ! mo/ luxuriant "w ( ! great p]iods4 ,( ?is re/ra9t ,i %all say a ^w or two 9 ! next ,*apt]2 press+ n[ only ! conclusion1 z practically useful z x is c]ta91 t ! relative maje/y ( build+s dep5ds m on ! weight & vigor ( _! masses ?an on any o!r attribute ( _! design3 mass ( ev]y?+1 ( bulk1 ( light1 ( d>kness1 ( color1 n m]e sum ( any ( ^!1 b bread? ( !m2 n brok5 light1 nor scatt]$ d>kness1 nor divid$ weight1 b solid /one1 broad sun%9e1 />less %ade4 ,"t w\ld fail me altoge!r1 if ,i attempt$ to foll[ out ! range ( ! pr9ciple2 !re is n a feature1 h[ev] app>5tly trifl+1 to :i* x _c give p[]4 ,! wood5 fill+s ( belfry lights1 necess>y to protect _! int]iors f ra91 are 9 ,engl& usually divid$ into a numb] ( neatly execut$ cross-b>s1 l ^? ( ,v5etian bl9ds1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 become z conspicu\s 9 _! %>pness z !y are un9t]e/+ 9 _! precise c>p5try1 multiply+1 moreov]1 ! horizontal l9es :i* directly contradict ^? ( ! ar*itecture4 ,abroad1 su* necessities are met by ?ree or f\r d[nright p5?\se ro(s1 rea*+ ea* f )9 ! w9d[ to ! outside %afts ( its m\ld+s2 in/ead ( ! horrible r[ ( rul$ l9es1 ! space is ?us divid$ into f\r or five gr& masses ( %ad[1 ) grey slopes ( ro( above1 b5t or yield+ into all k9ds ( delici\s swells & curves1 & cov]$ ) w>m tones ( moss & li*54 ,v (t5 ! ?+ is m delightful ?an ! /one-"w itself1 & all because x is broad1 d>k1 & simple4 ,x matt]s n h[ clumsy1 h[ common1 ! means are1 t get weight & %ad[--slop+ ro(1 jutt+ por*1 project+ balcony1 holl[ ni*e1 massy g>goyle1 fr[n+ p>apet2 get b gloom & simplicity1 & all good ?+s w foll[ 9 _! place & "t2 d b design ) ! owl's eyes fir/1 & y w ga9 ! falcon's aft]w>ds4 ,,xxiv4 ,i am griev$ to h to insi/ ^u :at seems s simple2 x looks trite & commonplace :5 x is writt51 b p>don me ?is3 = x is any?+ b an accept$ or und]/ood pr9ciple 9 practice1 & ! less excusably =gott51 because x is1 ( all ! great & true laws ( art1 ! easie/ to obey4 ,! executive facility ( comply+ ) its dem&s _c be too e>ne/ly1 too frankly ass]t$4 ,!re are n five m5 9 ! k+dom :o c\ld compose1 n tw5ty :o c\ld cut1 ! foliage ) :i* ! w9d[s ( ,or ,san ,mi*ele are adorn$2 b !re is _m a village cl]gyman :o c\ld inv5t & dispose its black op5+s1 & n a village mason :o c\ld n cut !m4 ,lay a few clov] or wood-ro( leaves on :ite pap]1 & a little alt]ation 9 _! positions w sugge/ figures :i*1 cut boldly ?r\gh a slab ( m>ble1 w\ld be wor? m w9d[ trac]ies ?an an ar*itect c\ld draw 9 a summ]'s day4 ,!re are few m5 9 ! _w :o c\ld design a ,greek capital2 !re are few :o c\ld n produce "s vigor ( effect ) leaf designs on ,byzant9e block3 few :o c\ld design a ,palladian front1 or a flamboyant p$im5t2 _m :o c\ld build a squ>e mass l ! ,/rozzi palace4 ,b ,i "k n h[ x is1 unless t our ,engli% he>ts h m oak ?an /one 9 !m1 & h m filial sympa?y ) acorns ?an ,alps2 b all t we d is small & mean1 if n worse--?91 & wa/$1 & unsub/antial4 ,x is n mod]n "w only2 we h built l frogs & mice s9ce ! ?irte5? c5tury 7except only 9 our ca/les74 ,:at a contra/ betwe5 ! pitiful little pigeon-holes :i* /& = doors 9 ! ea/ front ( ,salisbury1 look+ l ! entrances to a beehive or a wasp's ne/1 & ! so>+ ar*es & k+ly cr[n+ ( ! gates ( ,abbeville1 ,r\51 & ,rheims1 or ! rock-hewn pi]s ( ,*>tres1 or ! d>k & vault$ por*es & wri!d pill>s ( ,v]ona6 ,( dome/ic ar*itecture :at ne$ is !re to speak8 ,h[ small1 h[ cramp$1 h[ poor1 h[ mis]able 9 its petty neatness is our be/6 h[ b5ea? ! m>k ( attack1 & ! level ( contempt1 t :i* is common ) u6 ,:at a /range s5se ( =malis$ de=mity1 ( %rivell$ precision1 ( />v$ accuracy1 ( m9ute misan?ropy h we1 z we leave ev5 ! rude /reets ( ,pic>dy = ! m>ket t[ns ( ,k5t6 ,until t /reet ar*itecture ( ours is bett]$1 until we give x "s size & boldness1 until we give our w9d[s recess1 & our walls ?ickness1 ,i "k n h[ we c blame our ar*itects = _! feebl5ess 9 m important "w2 _! eyes are inur$ to n>r[ness & slightness3 c we expect !m at a ^w to conceive & deal ) bread? & solidity8 ,!y ought n to live 9 our cities2 !re is t 9 _! mis]able walls :i* bricks up to dea? m5's imag9ations1 z surely z ev] p]i%$ =sworn nun4 ,an ar*itect %\ld live z little 9 cities z a pa9t]4 ,s5d him to our hills1 & let him /udy !re :at nature und]/&s by a buttress1 & :at by a dome4 ,!re 0 some?+ 9 ! old p[] ( ar*itecture1 :i* x _h f ! recluse m ?an f ! citiz54 ,! build+s ( :i* ,i h spok5 ) *ief praise1 rose1 inde$1 out ( ! w> ( ! piazza1 & above ! fury ( ! populace3 & ,heav5 =bid t = su* cause we %\ld ev] h to lay a l>g] /one1 or rivet a firm] b>1 9 our ,engl&6 ,b we h o!r s\rces ( p[]1 9 ! imag]y ( our iron coa/s & azure hills2 ( p[] m pure1 nor less s]5e1 ?an t ( ! h]mit _s :i* once light$ ) :ite l9es ( cloi/]s ! glades ( ! ,alp9e p9e1 & rais$ into ord]$ spires ! wild rocks ( ! ,norman sea2 :i* gave to ! temple gate ! dep? & d>kness ( ,elijah's ,horeb cave2 & lift$1 out ( ! popul\s city1 grey cliffs ( lonely /one1 into ! mid/ ( sail+ birds & sil5t air4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,lamp ,,( ,,beauty4 ,i4 ,x 0 /at$1 9 ! outset ( ! prec$+ *apt]1 t ! value ( ar*itecture dep5d$ on two di/9ct *>act]s3 ! "o1 ! impression x receives f human p[]2 ! o!r1 ! image x be>s ( ! natural creation4 ,i h endeavor$ to %[ 9 :at mann] its maje/y 0 attributable to a sympa?y ) ! ef=t & tr\ble ( human life 7a sympa?y z di/9ctly p]ceiv$ 9 ! gloom & my/]y ( =m1 z x is 9 ! melan*oly tones ( s\nds74 ,i desire n[ to trace t happi] elem5t ( its excell5ce1 consi/+ 9 a noble r5d]+ ( images ( ,beauty1 d]iv$ *iefly f ! ext]nal appe>ances ( organic nature4 ,x is irrelevant to our pres5t purpose to ent] into any inquiry respect+ ! ess5tial causes ( impressions ( beauty4 ,i h p>tly express$ my ?\ghts on ?is matt] 9 a previ\s "w1 & ,i hope to develope !m h]eaft]4 ,b s9ce all su* inquiries c only be f\nd$ on ! ord9>y und]/&+ ( :at is meant by ! t]m ,beauty1 & s9ce !y presume t ! feel+ ( mank9d on ?is subject is univ]sal & in/9ctive1 ,i %all base my pres5t inve/igation on ?is assumption2 & only ass]t+ t to be beautiful :i* ,i believe w be grant$ me to be s )\t dispute1 ,i w\ld endeavor %ortly to trace ! mann] 9 :i* ?is elem5t ( delight is to be be/ engraft$ ^u ar*itectural design1 :at are ! pure/ s\rces f :i* x is to be d]iv$1 & :at ! errors to be avoid$ 9 its pursuit4 ,,ii4 ,x w be ?\ght t ,i h some:at ra%ly limit$ ! elem5ts ( ar*itectural beauty to imitative =ms4 ,i d n mean to ass]t t e arrangem5t ( l9e is directly sugge/$ by a natural object2 b t all beautiful l9es are adaptations ( ^? :i* are commone/ 9 ! ext]nal creation2 t 9 proportion to ! ri*ness ( _! association1 ! resemblance to natural "w1 z a type & help1 mu/ be m closely attempt$1 & m cle>ly se52 & t beyond a c]ta9 po9t1 & t a v l[ "o1 man _c advance 9 ! inv5tion ( beauty1 )\t directly imitat+ natural =m4 ,?us1 9 ! ,doric temple1 ! triglyph & cornice are unimitative2 or imitative only ( artificial cutt+s ( wood4 ,no "o w\ld call ^! memb]s beautiful4 ,_! influ5ce ov] u is 9 _! sev]ity & simplicity4 ,! flut+ ( ! column1 :i* ,i d\bt n 0 ! ,greek symbol ( ! b>k ( ! tree1 0 imitative 9 its orig91 & feebly resembl$ _m caniculat$ organic /ructures4 ,beauty is in/antly felt 9 x1 b ( a l[ ord]4 ,! decoration prop] 0 s\ght 9 ! true =ms ( organic life1 & ^? *iefly human4 ,aga93 ! ,doric capital 0 unimitative2 b all ! beauty x _h 0 dep5d5t on ! precision ( its ovolo1 a natural curve ( ! mo/ frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,! ,ionic capital 7to my m9d1 z an ar*itectural inv5tion1 exce$+ly base7 nev]!less dep5d$ = all ! beauty t x _h on its adoption ( a spiral l9e1 p]haps ! commone/ ( all t *>act]ise ! inf]ior ord]s ( animal organism & habitation4 ,f>!r progress c\ld n be made )\t a direct imitation ( ! acan?us leaf4 ,aga93 ! ,romanesque ar* is beautiful z an ab/ract l9e4 ,its type is always be=e u 9 t ( ! app>5t vault ( heav51 & horizon ( ! e>?4 ,! cyl9drical pill> is always beautiful1 = ,god has s m\ld$ ! /em ( e tree t x is pleasant to ! eyes4 ,! po9t$ ar* is beautiful2 x is ! t]m9ation ( e leaf t %akes 9 summ] w9d1 & its mo/ =tunate associations are directly borr[$ f ! trefoil$ grass ( ! field1 or f ! />s ( its fl[]s4 ,fur!r ?an ?is1 man's inv5tion c\ld n rea* )\t frank imitation4 ,8 next /ep 0 to ga!r ! fl[]s !mselves1 & wrea! !m 9 8 capitals4 ,,iii4 ,n[1 ,i w\ld insi/ especially on ! fact1 ( :i* ,i d\bt n t fur!r illu/rations w occur to ! m9d ( e read]1 t all mo/ lovely =ms & ?\ghts are directly tak5 f natural objects2 because ,i w\ld fa9 be all[$ to assume also ! conv]se ( ?is1 namely1 t =ms :i* are n tak5 f natural objects mu/ be ugly4 ,i "k ?is is a bold assumption2 b z ,i h n space to reason out ! po9ts :]e9 ess5tial beauty ( =m consi/s1 t be+ f> too s]i\s a "w to be und]tak5 9 a bye way1 ,i h no o!r res\rce ?an to use ?is accid5tal m>k or te/ ( beauty1 ( ^: tru? ! consid]ations :i* ,i hope h]eaft] to lay be=e ! read] may assure him4 ,i say an accid5tal m>k1 s9ce =ms are n beautiful because !y are copi$ f nature2 only x is out ( ! p[] ( man to conceive beauty )\t h] aid4 ,i believe ! read] w grant me ?is1 ev5 f ! examples above advanc$2 ! degree ( confid5ce ) :i* x is grant$ mu/ atta* also to 8 acceptance ( ! conclusions :i* w foll[ f x2 b if x be grant$ frankly1 x w enable me to det]m9e a matt] ( v ess5tial importance1 namely1 :at is or is n ornam5t4 ,= !re are _m =ms ( s-call$ decoration 9 ar*itecture1 habitual1 & receiv$1 !re=e1 ) approval1 or at all ev5ts )\t any v5ture at expression or dislike1 :i* ,i h no hesitation 9 ass]t+ to be n ornam5t at all1 b to be ugly ?+s1 ! exp5se ( :i* ought 9 tru? to be set d[n 9 ! ar*itect's contract1 z ,= ,mon/rification4 ,i believe t we reg>d ^! cu/om>y de=mities ) a savage complac5cy1 z an ,indian does 8 fle% patt]ns & pa9t 7all nations be+ 9 c]ta9 degrees & s5ses savage74 ,i believe t ,i c prove !m to be mon/r\s1 & ,i hope h]eaft] to d s conclusively2 b1 meantime1 ,i c allege 9 def5ce ( my p]suasion no?+ b ?is fact ( _! be+ unnatural1 to :i* ! read] mu/ atta* su* weight z he ?9ks x des]ves4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a peculi> difficulty 9 us+ ?is pro(2 x requires ! writ] to assume1 v imp]t95tly1 t no?+ is natural b :at he has se5 or supposes to exi/4 ,i w\ld n d ?is2 = ,i suppose !re is no conceivable =m or gr\p+ ( =ms b 9 "s "p ( ! univ]se an example ( x may be f\nd4 ,b ,i ?9k ,i am ju/ifi$ 9 consid]+ ^? =ms to be mo/ natural :i* are mo/ frequ5t2 or1 r1 t on ! %apes :i* 9 ! e-day _w are famili> to ! eyes ( m51 ,god has /amp$ ^? *>act]s ( beauty :i* ,he has made x man's nature to love2 :ile 9 c]ta9 exceptional =ms ,he has %[n t ! adoption ( ! o!rs 0 n a matt] ( necessity1 b "p ( ! adju/$ h>mony ( creation4 ,i believe t ?us we may reason f ,frequ5cy to ,beauty & vice v]sa2 t kn[+ a ?+ to be frequ5t1 we may assume x to be beautiful2 & assume t :i* is mo/ frequ5t to be mo/ beautiful3 ,i mean1 ( c\rse1 visibly frequ5t2 = ! =ms ( ?+s :i* are hidd5 9 cav]ns ( ! e>?1 or 9 ! anatomy ( animal frames1 are evid5tly n int5d$ by _! ,mak] to be> ! habitual gaze ( man4 ,&1 aga91 by frequ5cy ,i mean t limit$ & isolat$ frequ5cy :i* is *>act]i/ic ( all p]fection2 n m]e multitude3 z a rose is a common fl[]1 b yet !re are n s _m roses on ! tree z !re are leaves4 ,9 ?is respect ,nature is sp>+ ( h] highe/1 & lavi% ( h] less1 beauty2 b ,i call ! fl[] z frequ5t z ! leaf1 because1 ea* 9 its allott$ quantity1 :]e ! "o is1 !re w ord9>ily be ! o!r4 ,,iv4 ,! fir/ s-call$ ornam5t1 !n1 :i* ,i w\ld attack is t ,greek fret1 n[1 ,i believe1 usually kn[n by ! ,italian "n ,guillo*e1 :i* is exactly a case 9 po9t4 ,x s happ5s t 9 cry/als ( bismu? =m$ by ! unagitat$ cool+ ( ! melt$ metal1 !re occurs a natural resemblance ( x almo/ p]fect4 ,b cry/als ( bismu? n only are ( unusual occurr5ce 9 e-day life1 b _! =m is1 z f> z ,i "k1 unique among m9]als2 & n only unique1 b only atta9able by an artificial process1 ! metal itself nev] be+ f\nd pure4 ,i d n rememb] any o!r sub/ance or arrangem5t :i* pres5ts a resemblance to ?is ,greek ornam5t2 & ,i ?9k t ,i may tru/ my remembrance z includ+ mo/ ( ! arrangem5ts :i* occur 9 ! outw>d =ms ( common & famili> ?+s4 ,on ?is gr\nd1 !n1 ,i allege t ornam5t to be ugly2 or1 9 ! lit]al s5se ( ! ^w1 mon/r\s2 diff]5t f any?+ :i* x is ! nature ( man to admire3 & ,i ?9k an unc>v$ fillet or pl9? inf9itely pref]able to "o cov]$ ) ?is vile concat5ation ( /raight l9es3 unless inde$ x be employ$ z a foil to a true ornam5t1 :i* x may1 p]haps1 sometimes ) advantage2 or excessively small1 z x occurs on co9s1 ! h>%ness ( its arrangem5t be+ less p]ceiv$4 ,v4 ,(t5 9 association ) ?is horrible design we f9d1 9 ,greek works1 "o :i* is z beautiful z ?is is pa9ful--t egg & d>t m\ld+1 ^: p]fection 9 its place & way1 has nev] be5 surpass$4 ,& :y is ?is8 ,simply because ! =m ( :i* x is *iefly compos$ is "o n only famili> to u 9 ! s(t h\s+ ( ! bird's ne/1 b happ5s to be t ( ne>ly e pebble t rolls & murmurs "u ! surf ( ! sea1 on all its endless %ore4 ,& ) t a peculi> accuracy2 = ! mass :i* be>s ! light 9 ?is m\ld+ is n 9 good ,greek "w1 z 9 ! frieze ( ! ,ere*!um1 m]ely ( ! %ape ( an egg4 ,x is flatt5$ on ! upp] surface1 ) a delicacy & ke5 s5se ( v>iety 9 ! curve :i* x is impossible too highly to praise1 atta9+ exactly t flatt5$1 imp]fect oval1 :i*1 9 n9e cases out ( t51 w be ! =m ( ! pebble lift$ at r&om f ! roll$ bea*4 ,leave out ?is flatness1 & ! m\ld+ is vulg> in/antly4 ,x is s+ul> also t ! ins]tion ( ?is r\nd$ =m 9 ! holl[ recess has a pa9t$ type 9 ! plumage ( ! ,argus pheasant1 ! eyes ( ^: fea!rs are s %ad$ z exactly to repres5t an oval =m plac$ 9 a holl[4 ,,vi4 ,x w evid5tly foll[1 ^u our application ( ?is te/ ( natural resemblance1 t we %all at once conclude t all p]fectly beautiful =ms mu/ be compos$ ( curves2 s9ce !re is h>dly any common natural =m 9 :i* x is possible to discov] a /raight l9e4 ,nev]!less1 ,ar*itecture1 hav+ necess>ily to deal ) /raight l9es ess5tial to its purposes 9 _m in/ances & to ! expression ( its p[] 9 o!rs1 mu/ frequ5tly be cont5t ) t measure ( beauty :i* is consi/5t ) su* primal =ms2 & we may presume t utmo/ measure ( beauty to h be5 atta9$ :5 ! arrangem5ts ( su* l9es are consi/5t ) ! mo/ frequ5t natural gr\p+s ( !m we c discov]1 al?\gh1 to f9d "r l9es 9 nature at all1 we may be compell$ to d viol5ce to h] f9i%$ "w1 break ?r\gh ! sculptur$ & color$ surfaces ( h] crags1 & exam9e ! processes ( _! cry/allisation4 ,,vii4 ,i h j convict$ ! ,greek fret ( ugl9ess1 because x has no prec$5t to allege = its arrangem5t except an artificial =m ( a r>e metal4 ,let u br+ into c\rt an ornam5t ( ,lomb>d ar*itects1 ,plate ,,xii41 fig4 #g1 z exclusively compos$ ( "r l9es z ! o!r1 only1 obs]ve1 ) ! noble elem5t ( %ad[ add$4 ,?is ornam5t1 tak5 f ! front ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,pisa1 is univ]sal ?r\gh\t ! ,lomb>d *ur*es ( ,pisa1 ,lucca1 ,pi/oja1 & ,flor5ce2 & x w be a grave /a9 ^u !m if x _c be def5d$4 ,its fir/ apology = itself1 made 9 a hurry1 s\nds m>vell\sly l ! ,greek "o1 & highly dubi\s4 ,x says t its t]m9al cont\r is ! v image ( a c>efully prep>$ artificial cry/al ( common salt4 ,salt be+1 h[ev]1 a sub/ance consid]ably m famili> to u ?an bismu?1 ! *ances are some:at 9 favor ( ! accus$ ,lomb>d ornam5t already4 ,b x has m to say = itself1 & m to ! purpose2 namely1 t its ma9 outl9e is "o n only ( natural cry/allisation1 b among ! v fir/ & commone/ ( cry/all9e =ms1 be+ ! primal condition ( ! occurr5ce ( ! oxides ( iron1 copp]1 & t91 ( ! sulphurets ( iron & lead1 ( fluor sp>1 c42 & t ^? project+ =ms 9 its surface repres5t ! conditions ( /ructure :i* effect ! *ange into ano!r relative & equally common cry/all9e =m1 ! cube4 ,?is is q en\gh4 ,we may re/ assur$ x is z good a comb9ation ( su* simple "r l9es z c be put toge!r1 & gracefully fitt$ = e place 9 :i* su* l9es are necess>y4 ,,viii4 ,! next ornam5t ^: cause ,i w\ld try is t ( our ,tudor "w1 ! portcullis4 ,reticulation is common en\gh 9 natural =m1 & v beautiful2 b x is ei!r ( ! mo/ delicate & gauzy texture1 or ( v>i\sly siz$ me%es & undulat+ l9es4 ,!re is no family relation betwe5 portcullis & cobwebs or beetles' w+s2 some?+ l x1 p]haps1 may be f\nd 9 "s k9ds ( crocodile armor & on ! backs ( ! ,nor!rn div]s1 b always beautifully v>i$ 9 size ( me%4 ,!re is a dignity 9 ! ?+ itself1 if its size 7 exhibit$1 & ! %ade giv5 ?r\gh its b>s2 b ev5 ^! m]its are tak5 away 9 ! ,tudor dim9ution ( x1 set on a solid surface4 ,x has n a s+le syllable1 ,i believe1 to say 9 its def5ce4 ,x is ano!r mon/]1 absolutely & unmitigat$ly frightful4 ,all t c>v+ on ,h5ry ! ,sev5?'s ,*apel simply de=ms ! /ones ( x4 ,9 ! same clause ) ! portcullis1 we may condemn all h]aldic decoration1 s f> z beauty is its object4 ,its pride & significance h _! prop] place1 fitly occurr+ 9 prom95t p>ts ( ! build+1 z ov] its gates2 & all[ably 9 places :]e its leg5d>y may be pla9ly read1 z 9 pa9t$ w9d[s1 bosses ( ceil+s1 c4 ,& sometimes1 ( c\rse1 ! =ms :i* x pres5ts may be beautiful1 z ( animals1 or simple symbols l ! fleur-de-lis2 b1 = ! mo/ "p1 h]aldic similitudes & arrangem5ts are s pr(ess$ly & po9t$ly unnatural1 t x w\ld be difficult to inv5t any?+ ugli]2 & ! use ( !m z a repeat$ decoration w utt]ly de/roy bo? ! p[] & beauty ( any build+4 ,common s5se & c\rtesy also =bid _! repetition4 ,x is "r to tell ^? :o ent] y\r doors t y are su* a "o1 & ( su* a rank2 b to tell x to !m aga9 & aga91 :]ev] !y turn1 becomes soon imp]t95ce1 & at la/ folly4 ,let1 !re=e1 ! entire be>+s occur 9 few places1 & ^! n consid]$ z an ornam5t1 b z an inscription2 & = frequ5t appliance1 let any s+le & fair symbol be *os5 out ( !m4 ,?us we may multiply z mu* z we *oose ! ,fr5* fleur-de-lis1 or ! ,flor5t9e giglio bianco1 or ! ,engli% rose2 b we mu/ n multiply a ,k+'s arms4 ,,ix4 ,x w also foll[1 f ^! consid]ations1 t if any "o "p ( h]aldic decoration be worse ?an ano!r1 x is ! motto2 s9ce1 ( all ?+s unlike nature1 ! =ms ( lett]s are1 p]haps1 ! mo/ s4 ,ev5 graphic tellurium & felsp> look1 at _! cle>e/1 any?+ b legible4 ,all lett]s are1 !re=e1 to be consid]$ z frightful ?+s1 & to be endur$ only ^u occasion2 t is to say1 9 places :]e ! s5se ( ! inscription is ( m importance ?an ext]nal ornam5t4 ,inscriptions 9 *ur*es1 9 rooms1 & on pictures1 are (t5 desirable1 b !y are n to be consid]$ z ar*itectural or pictorial ornam5ts3 !y are1 on ! contr>y1 ob/9ate (f5ces to ! eye1 n to be suff]$ except :5 _! intellectual (fice introduces !m4 ,place !m1 !re=e1 :]e !y w be read1 & !re only2 & let !m be pla9ly writt51 & n turn$ upside d[n1 nor wrong end fir/4 ,x is an ill sacrifice to beauty to make t illegible ^: only m]it is 9 its s5se4 ,write x z y w\ld speak x1 simply2 & d n draw ! eye to x :5 x w\ld fa9 re/ else:]e1 nor recomm5d y\r s5t5ce by any?+ b a little op5ness ( place & ar*itectural sil5ce ab\t x4 ,write ! ,comm&m5ts on ! ,*ur* walls :]e !y may be pla9ly se51 b d n put a da% & a tail to e lett]2 & rememb] t y are an ar*itect1 n a writ+ ma/]4 ,x4 ,inscriptions appe> sometimes to be introduc$ = ! sake ( ! scroll on :i* !y are writt52 & 9 late & mod]n pa9t$ glass1 z well z 9 ar*itecture1 ^! scrolls are fl\ri%$ & turn$ hi!r & ?i!r z if !y 7 ornam5tal4 ,rib&s occur frequ5tly 9 arabesques1--9 "s ( a high ord]1 too1--ty+ up fl[]s1 or flitt+ 9 & out among ! fix$ =ms4 ,is !re any?+ l rib&s 9 nature8 ,x might be ?\ght t grass & sea-we$ af=d$ apologetic types4 ,!y d n4 ,!re is a wide diff]5ce betwe5 _! /ructure & t ( a rib&4 ,!y h a skeleton1 an anatomy1 a c5tral rib1 or fibre1 or framework ( "s k9d or ano!r1 :i* has a beg9n+ & an end1 a root & head1 & ^: make & /r5g? effects e direction ( _! motion1 & e l9e ( _! =m4 ,! loose/ we$ t drifts & waves "u ! heav+ ( ! sea1 or hangs heavily on ! br[n & slipp]y %ore1 has a m>k$ /r5g?1 /ructure1 ela/icity1 gradation ( sub/ance2 its extremities are m f9ely fibr$ ?an its c5tre1 its c5tre ?an its root2 e =k ( its ramification is measur$ & proportion$2 e wave ( its languid l9es is love4 ,x has its allott$ size1 & place1 & function2 x is a specific creature4 ,:at is !re l ?is 9 a rib&8 ,x has no /ructure3 x is a succession ( cut ?reads all alike2 x has no skeleton1 no make1 no =m1 no size1 no w ( its own4 ,y cut x & cru% x into :at y w4 ,x has no /r5g?1 no languor4 ,x _c fall into a s+le graceful =m4 ,x _c wave1 9 ! true s5se1 b only flutt]3 x _c b5d1 9 ! true s5se1 b only turn & be wr9kl$4 ,x is a vile ?+2 x spoils all t is ne> its wret*$ film ( an exi/5ce4 ,nev] use x4 ,let ! fl[]s come loose if !y _c keep toge!r )\t be+ ti$2 leave ! s5t5ce unwritt5 if y _c write x on a tablet or book1 or pla9 roll ( pap]4 ,i "k :at au?ority !re is aga9/ me4 ,i rememb] ! scrolls ( ,p]ug9o's angels1 & ! rib&s ( ,raphael's arabesques1 & ( ,ghib]ti's glori\s bronze fl[]s3 no matt]2 !y are e "o ( !m vices & ugl9esses4 ,raphael usually felt ?is1 & us$ an hone/ & rational tablet1 z 9 ! ,madonna di ,fuligno4 ,i d n say !re is any type ( su* tablets 9 nature1 b all ! diff]5ce lies 9 ! fact t ! tablet is n consid]$ z an ornam5t1 & ! rib&1 or fly+ scroll1 is4 ,! tablet1 z 9 ,alb]t ,dur]'s ,adam & ,eve1 is introduc$ = ! sake ( ! writ+1 und]/ood & all[$ z an ugly b necess>y int]ruption4 ,! scroll is ext5d$ z an ornam5tal =m1 :i* x is n1 nor ev] c be4 ,,xi4 ,b x w be said t all ?is want ( organisation & =m might be affirm$ ( drap]y also1 & t ?is latt] is a noble subject ( sculpture4 ,by no means4 ,:5 0 drap]y a subject ( sculpture by itself1 except 9 ! =m ( a h&k]*ief on urns 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury & 9 "s ( ! bas] sc5ic ,italian decorations8 ,drap]y1 z su*1 is always ignoble2 x becomes a subject ( int]e/ only by ! colors x be>s1 & ! impressions :i* x receives f "s =eign =m or =ce4 ,all noble drap]ies1 ei!r 9 pa9t+ or sculpture 7color & texture be+ at pres5t out ( our consid]ation71 h1 s f> z !y are any?+ m ?an necessities1 "o ( two great functions2 !y are ! expon5ts ( motion & ( gravitation4 ,!y are ! mo/ valuable means ( express+ pa/ z well z pres5t motion 9 ! figure1 & !y are almo/ ! only means ( indicat+ to ! eye ! =ce ( gravity :i* resi/s su* motion4 ,! ,greeks us$ drap]y 9 sculpture = ! mo/ "p z an ugly necessity1 b avail$ !mselves ( x gladly 9 all repres5tation ( action1 exagg]at+ ! arrangem5ts ( x :i* express lightness 9 ! mat]ial1 & foll[ ge/ure 9 ! p]son4 ,! ,*ri/ian sculptors1 c>+ little = ! body1 or dislik+ x1 & dep5d+ exclusively on ! c\nt5ance1 receiv$ drap]y at fir/ cont5t$ly z a veil1 b soon p]ceiv$ a capacity ( expression 9 x :i* ! ,greek _h n se5 or _h despis$4 ,! pr9cipal elem5t ( ?is expression 0 ! entire removal ( agitation f :at 0 s pre-em95tly capable ( be+ agitat$4 ,x fell f _! human =ms plumb d[n1 sweep+ ! gr\nd heavily1 & conceal+ ! feet2 :ile ! ,greek drap]y 0 (t5 bl[n away f ! ?igh4 ,! ?ick & co>se /uffs ( ! monki% dresses1 s absolutely oppos$ to ! ?9 & gauzy web ( antique mat]ial1 sugge/$ simplicity ( division z well z weight ( fall4 ,!re 0 no cru%+ nor subdivid+ !m4 ,& ?us ! drap]y gradually came to repres5t ! _s ( repose z x be=e _h ( motion1 repose sa9tly & sev]e4 ,! w9d _h no p[] ^u ! g>m5t1 z ! passion none ^u ! s\l2 & ! motion ( ! figure only b5t into a s(t] l9e ! /illness ( ! fall+ veil1 foll[$ by x l a sl[ cl\d by droop+ ra93 only 9 l9ks ( light] undulation x foll[$ ! dances ( ! angels4 ,?us treat$1 drap]y is inde$ noble2 b x is z an expon5t ( o!r & high] ?+s4 ,z t ( gravitation1 x has especial maje/y1 be+ lit]ally ! only means we h ( fully repres5t+ ?is my/]i\s natural =ce ( e>? 7= fall+ wat] is less passive & less def9$ 9 its l9es74 ,s1 aga91 9 sails x is beautiful because x receives ! =ms ( solid curv$ surface1 & expresses ! =ce ( ano!r invisible elem5t4 ,b drap]y tru/$ to its own m]its1 & giv5 = its own sake1--drap]y l t ( ,c>lo ,dolci & ! ,c>accis1--is always base4 ,,xii4 ,closely connect$ ) ! abuse ( scrolls & b&s1 is t ( g>l&s & fe/oons ( fl[]s z an ar*itectural decoration1 = unnatural arrangem5ts are j z ugly z unnatural =ms2 & ar*itecture1 9 borr[+ ! objects ( nature1 is b\nd to place !m1 z f> z may be 9 h] p[]1 9 su* associations z may befit & express _! orig94 ,%e is n to imitate directly ! natural arrangem5t2 %e is n to c>ve irregul> /ems ( ivy up h] columns to acc\nt = ! leaves at ! top1 b %e is nev]!less to place h] mo/ exub]ant vegetable ornam5t j :]e ,nature w\ld h plac$ x1 & to give "s indication ( t radical & connect$ /ructure :i* ,nature w\ld h giv5 x4 ,?us ! ,cor9?ian capital is beautiful1 because x exp&s "u ! abacus j z ,nature w\ld h exp&$ x2 & because x looks z if ! leaves _h "o root1 ?\gh t root is unse54 ,& ! flamboyant leaf m\ld+s are beautiful1 because !y ne/le & run up ! holl[s1 & fill ! angles1 & clasp ! %afts :i* natural leaves w\ld h delight$ to fill & to clasp4 ,!y are no m]e ca/ ( natural leaves2 !y are c\nt$1 ord]ly1 & ar*itectural3 b !y are naturally1 & !re=e beautifully1 plac$4 ,,xiii4 ,n[ ,i d n mean to say t ,nature nev] uses fe/oons3 %e loves !m1 & uses !m lavi%ly2 & ?\gh %e does s only 9 ^? places ( excessive luxuriance :]e9 x seems to me t ar*itectural types %\ld seldom be s\ght1 yet a fall+ t5dril or p5d5t b\gh might1 if manag$ ) fre$om & grace1 be well introduc$ into luxuriant decoration 7or if n1 x is n _! want ( beauty1 b ( ar*itectural fitness1 :i* incapacitates !m = su* uses74 ,b :at resemblance to su* example c we trace 9 a mass ( all mann] ( fruit & fl[]s1 ti$ heavily into a long bun*1 ?icke/ 9 ! middle1 & p9n$ up by bo? ends aga9/ a dead wall8 ,= x is /range t ! wilde/ & mo/ fanciful ( ! build]s ( truly luxuriant ar*itecture nev] v5tur$1 s f> z ,i "k1 ev5 a p5d5t t5dril2 :ile ! sev]e/ ma/]s ( ! reviv$ ,greek p]mitt$ ?is extraord9>y piece ( lusci\s ugl9ess to be fa/5$ 9 ! middle ( _! blank surfaces4 ,s surely z ?is arrangem5t is adopt$1 ! :ole value ( ! fl[] "w is lo/4 ,:o among ! cr[ds t gaze ^u ! build+ ev] pause to admire ! fl[] "w ( ,/4 ,paul's8 ,x is z c>eful & z ri* z x c be1 yet x adds no delightfulness to ! edifice4 ,x is no "p ( x4 ,x is an ugly excresc5ce4 ,we always conceive ! build+ )\t x1 & %\ld be happi] if our conception 7 n di/urb$ by its pres5ce4 ,x makes ! re/ ( ! ar*itecture look pov]ty-/rick51 in/ead ( sublime2 & yet x is nev] enjoy$ itself4 ,_h x be5 put1 :]e x ought1 into ! capitals1 x w\ld h be5 beheld ) nev]-ceas+ delight4 ,i d n mean t x c\ld h be5 s 9 ! pres5t build+1 = su* k9d ( ar*itecture has no bus9ess ) ri* ornam5t 9 any place2 b t if ^? gr\ps ( fl[]s _h be5 put into natural places 9 an edifice ( ano!r /yle1 _! value w\ld h be5 felt z vividly z n[ _! uselessness4 ,:at applies to fe/oons is /ill m /]nly true ( g>l&s4 ,a g>l& is meant to be se5 ^u a head4 ,!re x is beautiful1 because we suppose x newly ga!r$ & joyfully worn4 ,b x is n meant to be hung ^u a wall4 ,if y want a circul> ornam5t1 put a flat circle ( color$ m>ble1 z 9 ! ,casa ,doria & o!r su* palaces at ,v5ice2 or put a />1 or a m$allion1 or if y want a r+1 put a solid "o1 b d n c>ve ! images ( g>l&s1 look+ z if !y _h be5 us$ 9 ! la/ procession1 & be5 hung up to dry1 & s]ve next "t )]$4 ,:y n also c>ve pegs1 & hats ^u !m8 ,,xiv4 ,"o ( ! wor/ enemies ( mod]n ,go?ic ar*itecture1 ?\gh seem+ly an unimportant feature1 is an excresc5ce1 z (f5sive by its pov]ty z ! g>l& by its pr(usion1 ! drip/one 9 ! %ape ( ! h&le ( a *e/ ( draw]s1 :i* is us$ ov] ! squ>e-head$ w9d[s ( :at we call ,elizabe?an build+s4 ,9 ! la/ ,*apt]1 x w be rememb]$ t ! squ>e =m 0 %[n to be t ( pre-em95t ,p[]1 & to be prop]ly adapt$ & limit$ to ! exhibition ( space or surface4 ,h5ce1 :5 ! w9d[ is to be an expon5t ( p[]1 z = in/ance 9 ^? by ,m4 ,angelo 9 ! l[] /ory ( ! ,palazzo ,ric>di at ,flor5ce1 ! squ>e head is ! mo/ noble =m !y c assume2 b !n ei!r _! space mu/ be unbrok51 & _! associat$ m\ld+s ! mo/ sev]e1 or else ! squ>e mu/ be us$ z a f9ial outl9e1 & is *iefly to be associat$ ) =ms ( trac]y1 9 :i* ! relative =m ( p[]1 ! circle1 is pr$om9ant1 z 9 ,v5etian1 & ,flor5t9e1 & ,pisan ,go?ic4 ,b if y break ^u y\r t]m9al squ>e1 or if y cut its l9es (f at ! top & turn !m outw>ds1 y h lo/ its unity & space4 ,x is an includ+ =m no long]1 b an add$1 isolat$ l9e1 & ! uglie/ possible4 ,look abroad into ! l&scape & see if y c discov] any "o s b5t & fragm5t>y z t ( ?is /range w9dlass-look+ drip/one4 ,y _c4 ,x is a mon/]4 ,x unites e elem5t ( ugl9ess1 its l9e is h>%ly brok5 9 itself1 & unconnect$ ) e o!r2 x has no h>mony ei!r ) /ructure or decoration1 x has no ar*itectural support1 x looks glu$ to ! wall1 & ! only pleasant prop]ty x has1 is ! appe>ance ( "s likelihood ( its dropp+ (f4 ,i might proce$1 b ! task is a we>y "o1 & ,i ?9k ,i h nam$ ^? false =ms ( decoration :i* are mo/ dang]\s 9 our mod]n ar*itecture z be+ legal & accept$4 ,! b>b>isms ( individual fancy are z c\ntless z !y are contemptible2 !y nei!r admit attack nor are wor? x2 b ^! above nam$ are c\nt5anc$1 "s by ! practice ( antiquity1 all by high au?ority3 !y h depress$ ! pr\de/1 & contam9at$ ! pure/ s*ools1 & are s e/abli%$ 9 rec5t practice t ,i write r = ! b>r5 satisfaction ( be>+ witness aga9/ !m1 ?an ) hope ( induc+ any s]i\s convictions to _! prejudice4 ,,xv4 ,?us f> ( :at is n ornam5t4 ,:at ornam5t is1 w )\t difficulty be det]m9$ by ! application ( ! same te/4 ,x mu/ consi/ ( su* /udi\s arrangem5ts ( =m z are imitative or sugge/ive ( ^? :i* are commone/ among natural exi/5ces1 t be+ ( c\rse ! noble/ ornam5t :i* repres5ts ! highe/ ord]s ( exi/5ce4 ,imitat$ fl[]s are nobl] ?an imitat$ /ones1 imitat$ animals1 ?an fl[]s2 imitat$ human =m ( all animal =ms ! noble/4 ,b all are comb9$ 9 ! ri*e/ ornam5tal "w2 & ! rock1 ! f\nta91 ! fl[+ riv] ) its pebbl$ b$1 ! sea1 ! cl\ds ( ,heav51 ! h]b ( ! field1 ! fruit-tree be>+ fruit1 ! creep+ ?+1 ! bird1 ! bea/1 ! man1 & ! angel1 m+le _! fair =ms on ! bronze ( ,ghib]ti4 ,e ?+ be+ !n ornam5tal t is imitative1 ,i w\ld ask ! read]'s att5tion to a few g5]al consid]ations1 all t c "h be (f]$ relat+ to s va/ a subject2 :i*1 = conv5i5ce sake1 may be class$ "u ! ?ree heads ( inquiry3--,:at is ! "r place = ar*itectural ornam5t8 ,:at is ! peculi> treatm5t ( ornam5t :i* r5d]s x ar*itectural8 & :at is ! "r use ( color z associat$ ) ar*itectural imitative =m8 ,,xvi4 ,:at is ! place ( ornam5t8 ,consid] fir/ t ! *>act]s ( natural objects :i* ! ar*itect c repres5t are few & ab/ract4 ,! great] "p ( ^? delights by :i* ,nature recomm5ds h]self to man at all times1 _c be convey$ by him into 8 imitative "w4 ,he _c make 8 grass gre5 & cool & good to re/ ^u1 :i* 9 nature is its *ief use to man2 nor c he make 8 fl[]s t5d] & full ( color & ( sc5t1 :i* 9 nature are _! *ief p[]s ( giv+ joy4 ,^? qualities :i* alone he c secure are c]ta9 sev]e *>act]s ( =m1 su* z m5 only see 9 nature on delib]ate exam9ation1 & by ! full & set appliance ( sight & ?\ght3 a man mu/ lie d[n on ! bank ( grass on 8 brea/ & set himself to wat* & p5etrate ! int]tw9+ ( x1 be=e he f9ds t :i* is good to be ga!r$ by ! ar*itect4 ,s !n :ile ,nature is at all times pleasant to u1 & :ile ! sight & s5se ( h] "w may m+le happily ) all our ?\ghts1 & labors1 & times ( exi/5ce1 t image ( h] :i* ! ar*itect c>ries away repres5ts :at we c only p]ceive 9 h] by direct intellectual ex]tion1 & dem&s f u1 :]ev] x appe>s1 an intellectual ex]tion ( a simil> k9d 9 ord] to und]/& x & feel x4 ,x is ! writt5 or seal$ impression ( a ?+ s\ght out1 x is ! %ap$ result ( inquiry & bodily expression ( ?\ght4 ,,xvii4 ,n[ let u consid] = an in/ant :at w\ld be ! effect ( cont9ually repeat+ an expression ( a beautiful ?\ght to any o!r ( ! s5ses at times :5 ! m9d c\ld n address t s5se to ! und]/&+ ( x4 ,suppose t 9 "t ( s]i\s occupation1 ( /]n bus9ess1 a companion %\ld repeat 9 our e>s cont9ually "s favorite passage ( poetry1 ov] & ov] aga9 all day long4 ,we %\ld n only soon be utt]ly sick & we>y ( ! s\nd ( x1 b t s\nd w\ld at ! end ( ! day h s sunk into ! habit ( ! e> t ! entire mean+ ( ! passage w\ld be dead to u1 & x w\ld ev] !nce=w>d require "s ef=t to fix & recov] x4 ,! music ( x w\ld n mean:ile h aid$ ! bus9ess 9 h&1 :ile its own delightfulness w\ld !nce=w>d be 9 a measure de/roy$4 ,x is ! same ) e o!r =m ( def9ite ?\ght4 ,if y viol5tly pres5t its expression to ! s5ses1 at times :5 ! m9d is o!rwise engag$1 t expression w be ineffective at ! "t1 & w h its %>pness & cle>ness de/roy$ =ev]4 ,mu* m if y pres5t x to ! m9d at times :5 x is pa9fully affect$ or di/urb$1 or if y associate ! expression ( pleasant ?\ght ) incongru\s circum/ances1 y w affect t expression !nce=w>d ) a pa9ful color = ev]4 ,,xviii4 ,apply ?is to expressions ( ?\ght receiv$ by ! eye4 ,rememb] t ! eye is at y\r m]cy m ?an ! e>4 ,! eye x _c *oose b see4 ,its n]ve is n s easily numb$ z t ( ! e>1 & x is (t5 busi$ 9 trac+ & wat*+ =ms :5 ! e> is at re/4 ,n[ if y pres5t lovely =ms to x :5 x _c call ! m9d to help x 9 its "w1 & among objects ( vulg> use & unhappy position1 y w nei!r please ! eye nor elevate ! vulg> object4 ,b y w fill & we>y ! eye ) ! beautiful =m1 & y w infect t =m itself ) ! vulg>ity ( ! ?+ to :i* y h viol5tly atta*$ x4 ,x w nev] be ( mu* use to y any m2 y h kill$ or defil$ x2 its fre%ness & purity are gone4 ,y w h to pass x ?r\gh ! fire ( mu* ?\ght be=e y w cleanse x1 & w>m x ) mu* love be=e x w revive4 ,,xix4 ,h5ce !n a g5]al law1 ( s+ul> importance 9 ! pres5t day1 a law ( simple common s5se1--n to decorate ?+s belong+ to purposes ( active & occupi$ life4 ,:]ev] y c re/1 !re decorate2 :]e re/ is =bidd51 s is beauty4 ,y mu/ n mix ornam5t ) bus9ess1 any m ?an y may mix play4 ,"w fir/1 & !n re/4 ,"w fir/ & !n gaze1 b d n use gold5 pl\gh%>es1 nor b9d l$g]s 9 enamel4 ,d n ?ra% ) sculptur$ flails3 nor put bas-reliefs on mill/ones4 ,:at6 x w be ask$1 are we 9 ! habit ( do+ s8 ,ev5 s2 always & ev]y:]e4 ,! mo/ famili> position ( ,greek m\ld+s is 9 ^! days on %op fronts4 ,!re is n a tradesman's sign nor %elf nor c\nt] 9 all ! /reets ( all our cities1 :i* has n ^u x ornam5ts :i* 7 inv5t$ to adorn temples & beautify k+s' palaces4 ,!re is n ! smalle/ advantage 9 !m :]e !y are4 ,absolutely valueless--utt]ly )\t ! p[] ( giv+ pleasure1 !y only satiate ! eye1 & vulg>ise _! own =ms4 ,_m ( ^! are 9 !mselves ?or\ghly good copies ( f9e ?+s1 :i* ?+s !mselves we %all nev]1 9 consequ5ce1 enjoy any m4 ,_m a pretty bead+ & graceful bracket !re is 9 wood or /ucco above our groc]s' & *eese-mong]s' & hosi]s' %ops3 h[ x is t ! tradesm5 _c und]/& t cu/om is to be _h only by sell+ good tea & *eese & clo?1 & t p come to !m = _! hone/y1 & _! read9ess1 & _! "r w>es1 & n because !y h ,greek cornices ov] _! w9d[s1 or _! names 9 l>ge gilt lett]s on _! h\se fronts8 h[ pleasurable x w\ld be to h ! p[] ( go+ ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,london1 pull+ d[n ^? brackets & friezes & l>ge names1 re/or+ to ! tradesm5 ! capital !y _h sp5t 9 ar*itecture1 & putt+ !m on hone/ & equal t]ms1 ea* ) 8 "n 9 black lett]s ov] 8 door1 n %\t$ d[n ! /reet f ! upp] /ories1 & ea* ) a pla9 wood5 %op casem5t1 ) small panes 9 x t p w\ld n ?9k ( break+ 9 ord] to be s5t to prison6 ,h[ mu* bett] = !m w\ld x be--h[ mu* happi]1 h[ mu* wis]1 to put _! tru/ ^u _! own tru? & indu/ry1 & n on ! idiocy ( _! cu/om]s4 ,x is curi\s1 & x says little = our national probity on ! "o h&1 or prud5ce on ! o!r1 to see ! :ole sy/em ( our /reet decoration bas$ on ! idea t p mu/ be bait$ to a %op z mo?s are to a c&le4 ,,xx4 ,b x w be said t mu* ( ! be/ wood5 decoration ( ! middle ages 0 9 %op fronts4 ,no2 x 0 9 h\se fronts1 ( :i* ! %op 0 a "p1 & receiv$ its natural & consi/5t portion ( ! ornam5t4 ,9 ^? days m5 liv$1 & int5d$ to live by _! %ops1 & ov] !m1 all _! days4 ,!y 7 cont5t$ ) !m & happy 9 !m3 !y 7 _! palaces & ca/les4 ,!y gave !m !re=e su* decoration z made !mselves happy 9 _! own habitation1 & !y gave x = _! own sake4 ,! upp] /ories 7 always ! ri*e/1 & ! %op 0 decorat$ *iefly ab\t ! door1 :i* belong$ to ! h\se m ?an to x4 ,& :5 our tradesm5 settle to _! %ops 9 ! same way1 & =m no plans respect+ future villa ar*itecture1 let _! :ole h\ses be decorat$1 & _! %ops too1 b ) a national & dome/ic decoration 7,i %all speak m ( ?is po9t 9 ! six? *apt]74 ,h[ev]1 our cities are = ! mo/ "p too l>ge to admit ( cont5t$ dwell+ 9 !m ?r\gh\t life2 & ,i d n say !re is h>m 9 our pres5t sy/em ( sep>at+ ! %op f ! dwell+-h\se2 only :]e !y are s sep>at$1 let u rememb] t ! only reason = %op decoration is remov$1 & see t ! decoration be remov$ also4 ,,xxi4 ,ano!r ( ! /range & evil t5d5cies ( ! pres5t day is to ! decoration ( ! railroad /ation4 ,n[1 if !re be any place 9 ! _w 9 :i* p are depriv$ ( t portion ( temp] & discretion :i* are necess>y to ! contemplation ( beauty1 x is !re4 ,x is ! v temple ( discom=t1 & ! only *>ity t ! build] c ext5d to u is to %[ u1 pla9ly z may be1 h[ soone/ to escape f x4 ,! :ole sy/em ( railroad travell+ is address$ to p :o1 be+ 9 a hurry1 are !re=e1 = ! "t be+1 mis]able4 ,no "o w\ld travel 9 t mann] :o c\ld help x--:o _h "t to g leisurely ov] hills & betwe5 h$ges1 in/ead ( ?r\gh tunnels & betwe5 banks3 at lea/ ^? :o w\ld1 h no s5se ( beauty s acute z t we ne$ consult x at ! /ation4 ,! railroad is 9 all its relations a matt] ( e>ne/ bus9ess1 to be got ?r\gh z soon z possible4 ,x transmutes a man f a travell] into a liv+ p>cel4 ,= ! "t he has p>t$ ) ! nobl] *>act]i/ics ( 8 humanity = ! sake ( a planet>y p[] ( locomotion4 ,d n ask him to admire any?+4 ,y might z well ask ! w9d4 ,c>ry him safely1 dismiss him soon3 he w ?ank y = no?+ else4 ,all attempts to please him 9 any o!r way are m]e mock]y1 & insults to ! ?+s by :i* y endeavor to d s4 ,!re nev] 0 m flagrant nor imp]t95t folly ?an ! smalle/ portion ( ornam5t 9 any?+ conc]n$ ) railroads or ne> !m4 ,keep !m out ( ! way1 take !m ?r\gh ! uglie/ c\ntry y c f9d1 confess !m ! mis]able ?+s !y are1 & sp5d no?+ ^u !m b = safety & spe$4 ,give l>ge sal>ies to effici5t s]vants1 l>ge prices to good manufactur]s1 l>ge wages to able workm52 let ! iron be t\gh1 & ! brickwork solid1 & ! c>riages /rong4 ,! "t is p]haps n di/ant :5 ^! fir/ necessities may n be easily met3 & to increase exp5se 9 any o!r direction is madness4 ,bett] bury gold 9 ! embankm5ts1 ?an put x 9 ornam5ts on ! /ations4 ,w a s+le travell] be will+ to pay an increas$ f>e on ! ,s\? ,we/]n1 because ! columns ( ! t]m9us are cov]$ ) patt]ns f ,n9eveh8 ,he w only c>e less = ! ,n9evite ivories 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 or on ! ,nor? ,we/]n1 because !re are old ,engli%-look+ sp&rils to ! ro( ( ! /ation at ,crewe8 ,he w only h less pleasure 9 _! prototypes at ,crewe ,h\se4 ,railroad ar*itecture has or w\ld h a dignity ( its own if x 7 only left to its "w4 ,y w\ld n put r+s on ! f+]s ( a smi? at 8 anvil4 ,,xxii4 ,x is n h[ev] only 9 ^! m>k$ situations t ! abuse ( :i* ,i speak takes place4 ,!re is h>dly1 at pres5t1 an application ( ornam5tal "w1 :i* is n 9 "s sort liable to blame ( ! same k9d4 ,we h a bad habit ( try+ to disguise disagreeable necessities by "s =m ( sudd5 decoration1 :i* is1 9 all o!r places1 associat$ ) su* necessities4 ,i w "n only "o in/ance1 t to :i* ,i h allud$ be=e--! roses :i* conceal ! v5tilators 9 ! flat ro(s ( our *apels4 ,_m ( ^? roses are ( v beautiful design1 borr[$ f f9e works3 all _! grace & f9i% are invisible :5 !y are s plac$1 b _! g5]al =m is aft]w>ds associat$ ) ! ugly build+s 9 :i* !y con/antly occur2 & all ! beautiful roses ( ! e>ly ,fr5* & ,engli% ,go?ic1 especially su* elaborate ones z ^? ( ! tri=ium ( ,c\tances1 are 9 consequ5ce depriv$ ( _! pleasurable influ5ce3 & ?is )\t our hav+ accompli%$ ! smalle/ good by ! use we h made ( ! di%onor$ =m4 ,n a s+le p]son 9 ! congregation ev] receives "o ray ( pleasure f ^? ro( roses2 !y are reg>d$ ) m]e indiff]5ce1 or lo/ 9 ! g5]al impression ( h>% empt9ess4 ,,xxiii4 ,mu/ n beauty1 !n1 x w be ask$1 be s\ght = 9 ! =ms :i* we associate ) our e-day life8 ,yes1 if y d x consi/5tly1 & 9 places :]e x c be calmly se52 b n if y use ! beautiful =m only z a mask & cov]+ ( ! prop] conditions & uses ( ?+s1 nor if y ?ru/ x into ! places set ap>t = toil4 ,put x 9 ! draw+-room1 n into ! work%op2 put x ^u dome/ic furniture1 n ^u tools ( h&icraft4 ,all m5 h s5se ( :at is "r 9 ?is mann]1 if !y w\ld only use & apply t s5se2 e man kn[s :]e & h[ beauty gives him pleasure1 if he w\ld only ask = x :5 x does s1 & n all[ x to be =c$ ^u him :5 he does n want x4 ,ask any "o ( ! pass5g]s ov] ,london ,bridge at ?is in/ant :e!r he c>es ab\t ! =ms ( ! bronze leaves on its lamps1 & he w tell y1 ,no4 ,modify ^! =ms ( leaves to a less scale1 & put !m on 8 milk-jug at breakfa/1 & ask him :e!r he likes !m1 & he w tell y1 ,yes4 ,p h no ne$ ( tea*+ if !y c\ld only ?9k & speak tru?1 & ask = :at !y l & want1 & = no?+ else3 nor c a "r disposition ( beauty be ev] arriv$ at except by ?is common s5se1 & all[ance = ! circum/ances ( ! "t & place4 ,x does n foll[1 because bronze leafage is 9 bad ta/e on ! lamps ( ,london ,bridge1 t x w\ld be s on ^? ( ! ,ponte della ,tr9ita2 nor1 because x w\ld be a folly to decorate ! h\se fronts ( ,grace*ur* ,/reet1 t x w\ld be equally s to adorn ^? ( "s quiet prov9cial t[n4 ,! "q ( greate/ ext]nal or int]nal decoration dep5ds entirely on ! conditions ( probable repose4 ,x 0 a wise feel+ :i* made ! /reets ( ,v5ice s ri* 9 ext]nal ornam5t1 = !re is no c\* ( re/ l ! gondola4 ,s1 aga91 !re is no subject ( /reet ornam5t s wisely *os5 z ! f\nta91 :]e x is a f\nta9 ( use2 = x is j !re t p]haps ! happie/ pause takes place 9 ! labor ( ! day1 :5 ! pit*] is re/$ on ! edge ( x1 & ! brea? ( ! be>] is drawn deeply1 & ! hair swept f ! =ehead1 & ! uprightness ( ! =m decl9$ aga9/ ! m>ble l$ge1 & ! s\nd ( ! k9d ^w or light laugh mixes ) ! trickle ( ! fall+ wat]1 he>d %rill] & %rill] z ! pit*] fills4 ,:at pause is s sweet z t--s full ( ! dep? ( anci5t days1 s s(t5$ ) ! calm ( pa/oral solitude8 ,,xxiv4 ,,ii4 ,?us f>1 !n1 ( ! place = beauty4 ,we 7 next to inquire into ! *>act]s :i* fitt$ x peculi>ly = ar*itectural appliance1 & into ! pr9ciples ( *oice & ( arrangem5t :i* be/ regulate ! imitation ( natural =ms 9 :i* x consi/s4 ,! full answ]+ ( ^! que/ions w\ld be a treatise on ! art ( design3 ,i int5d only to say a few words respect+ ! two conditions ( t art :i* are ess5tially ar*itectural1--,proportion & ,ab/raction4 ,nei!r ( ^! qualities is necess>y1 to ! same ext5t1 9 o!r fields ( design4 ,! s5se ( proportion is1 by ! l&scape pa9t]1 frequ5tly sacrific$ to "* & accid5t2 ! p[] ( ab/raction to t ( complete realisation4 ,! fl[]s ( 8 =egr\nd mu/ (t5 be unmeasur$ 9 _! quantity1 loose 9 _! arrangem5t3 :at is calculat$1 ei!r 9 quantity or disposition1 mu/ be artfully conceal$4 ,t calculation is by ! ar*itect to be prom95tly exhibit$4 ,s ! ab/raction ( few *>act]i/ics out ( _m is %[n only 9 ! pa9t]'s sket*2 9 8 f9i%$ "w x is conceal$ or lo/ 9 completion4 ,ar*itecture1 on ! contr>y1 delights 9 ,ab/raction & fe>s to complete h] =ms4 ,proportion & ,ab/raction1 !n1 are ! two especial m>ks ( ar*itectural design z di/+ui%$ f all o!r4 ,sculpture mu/ h !m 9 inf]ior degrees2 lean+1 on ! "o h&1 to an ar*itectural mann]1 :5 x is usually greate/ 7becom+1 inde$1 a "p ( ,ar*itecture71 &1 on ! o!r1 to a pictorial mann]1 :5 x is apt to lose its dignity1 & s9k into m]e +5i\s c>v+4 ,,xxv4 ,n[1 ( ,proportion s mu* has be5 writt51 t ,i believe ! only facts :i* are ( practical use h be5 ov]:elm$ & kept out ( sight by va9 accumulations ( p>ticul> in/ances & e/imates4 ,proportions are z inf9ite 7& t 9 all k9ds ( ?+s1 z sev]ally 9 colors1 l9es1 %ades1 lights1 & =ms7 z possible airs 9 music3 & x is j z rational an attempt to tea* a "y ar*itect h[ to proportion truly & well by calculat+ = him ! proportions ( f9e works1 z x w\ld be to tea* him to compose melodies by calculat+ ! ma!matical relations ( ! notes 9 ,bee?ov5's ,adelaide or ,moz>t's ,requiem4 ,! man :o has eye & intellect w inv5t beautiful proportions1 & _c help x2 b he c no m tell u h[ to d x ?an ,wordswor? c\ld tell u h[ to write a sonnet1 or ?an ,scott c\ld h told u h[ to plan a romance4 ,b !re are "o or two g5]al laws :i* c be told3 !y are ( no use1 inde$1 except z prev5tives ( gross mi/ake1 b !y are s f> wor? tell+ & rememb]+2 & ! m s because1 9 ! discussion ( ! subtle laws ( proportion 7:i* w nev] be ei!r numb]$ or kn[n71 ar*itects are p]petually =gett+ & transgress+ ! v simple/ ( its necessities4 ,,xxvi4 ,( :i* ! fir/ is1 t :]ev] ,proportion exi/s at all1 "o memb] ( ! composition mu/ be ei!r l>g] ?an1 or 9 "s way supreme ov]1 ! re/4 ,!re is no proportion betwe5 equal ?+s4 ,!y c h symmetry only1 & symmetry )\t proportion is n composition4 ,x is necess>y to p]fect beauty1 b x is ! lea/ necess>y ( its elem5ts1 nor ( c\rse is !re any difficulty 9 obta9+ x4 ,any succession ( equal ?+s is agreeable2 b to compose is to arrange unequal ?+s1 & ! fir/ ?+ to be done 9 beg9n+ a composition is to det]m9e :i* is to be ! pr9cipal ?+4 ,i believe t all t has be5 writt5 & taught ab\t proportion1 put toge!r1 is n to ! ar*itect wor? ! s+le rule1 well en=c$1 ,h "o l>ge ?+ & sev]al small] ?+s1 or "o pr9cipal ?+ & sev]al inf]ior ?+s1 & b9d !m well toge!r4 ,sometimes !re may be a regul> gradation1 z betwe5 ! heights ( /ories 9 good designs = h\ses2 sometimes a mon>* ) a l[ly tra91 z 9 ! spire ) its p9nacles3 ! v>ieties ( arrangem5t are inf9ite1 b ! law is univ]sal--h "o ?+ above ! re/1 ei!r by size1 or (fice1 or int]e/4 ,don't put ! p9nacles )\t ! spire4 ,:at a ho/ ( ugly *ur* t[]s h we 9 ,engl&1 ) p9nacles at ! corn]s1 & none 9 ! middle6 ,h[ _m build+s l ,k+'s ,college ,*apel at ,cambridge1 look+ l tables upside d[n1 ) _! f\r legs 9 ! air6 ,:at6 x w be said1 h n bea/s f\r legs8 ,yes1 b legs ( diff]5t %apes1 & ) a head betwe5 !m4 ,s !y h a pair ( e>s3 & p]haps a pair ( horns3 b n at bo? ends4 ,knock d[n a c\ple ( p9nacles at ei!r end 9 ,k+'s ,college ,*apel1 & y w h a k9d ( proportion in/antly4 ,s 9 a ca!dral y may h "o t[] 9 ! c5tre1 & two at ! we/ end2 or two at ! we/ end only1 ?\gh a worse arrangem5t3 b y mu/ n h two at ! we/ & two at ! ea/ end1 unless y h "s c5tral memb] to connect !m2 & ev5 !n1 build+s are g5]ally bad :i* h l>ge balanc+ features at ! extremities1 & small connect+ ones 9 ! c5tre1 because x is n easy !n to make ! c5tre dom9ant4 ,! bird or mo? may inde$ h wide w+s1 because ! size ( ! w+ does n give supremacy to ! w+4 ,! head & life are ! mighty ?+s1 & ! plumes1 h[ev] wide1 are subord9ate4 ,9 f9e we/ fronts ) a p$im5t & two t[]s1 ! c5tre is always ! pr9cipal mass1 bo? 9 bulk & int]e/ 7z hav+ ! ma9 gateway71 & ! t[]s are subord9at$ to x1 z an animal's horns are to its head4 ,! mom5t ! t[]s rise s high z to ov]p[] ! body & c5tre1 & become !mselves ! pr9cipal masses1 !y w de/roy ! proportion1 unless !y are made unequal1 & "o ( !m ! lead+ feature ( ! ca!dral1 z at ,antw]p & ,/rasburg4 ,b ! pur] me?od is to keep !m d[n 9 due relation to ! c5tre1 & to ?r[ up ! p$im5t into a /eep connect+ mass1 draw+ ! eye to x by ri* trac]y4 ,?is is nobly done 9 ,/4 ,wulfran ( ,abbeville1 & attempt$ p>tly at ,r\51 ?\gh t we/ front is made up ( s _m unf9i%$ & sup]v5+ designs t x is impossible to guess ! real int5tion ( any "o ( its build]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,x4--7,page #abb--,vol4 ,v47 ,,trac]ies ,,& ,,m\ld+s ,,f ,,r\5 ,,& ,,salisbury4 ,,xxvii4 ,?is rule ( supremacy applies to ! smalle/ z well z to ! lead+ features3 x is int]e/+ly se5 9 ! arrangem5t ( all good m\ld+s4 ,i h giv5 "o1 on ! opposite page1 f ,r\5 ca!dral2 t ( ! trac]y be=e di/+ui%$ z a type ( ! noble/ mann] ( ,nor!rn ,go?ic 7,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,sec4 ,,xxii474 ,x is a trac]y ( ?ree ord]s1 ( :i* ! fir/ is divid$ into a leaf m\ld+1 fig4 #d1 & b 9 ! section1 & a pla9 roll1 also se5 9 fig4 #d1 c 9 ! section2 ^! two divisions surr\nd ! entire w9d[ or panell+1 & are c>ri$ by two-face %afts ( correspond+ sections4 ,! second & ?ird ord]s are pla9 rolls foll[+ ! l9e ( ! trac]y2 f\r divisions ( m\ld+ 9 all3 ( ^! f\r1 ! leaf m\ld+ is1 z se5 9 ! sections1 mu* ! l>ge/2 next to x ! out] roll2 !n1 by an exquisite alt]nation1 ! inn]mo/ roll 7e71 9 ord] t x may n be lo/ 9 ! recess & ! int]m$iate 7d71 ! smalle/4 ,ea* roll has its own %aft & capital2 & ! two small]1 :i* 9 effect ^u ! eye1 ow+ to ! retirem5t ( ! inn]mo/1 are ne>ly equal1 h small] capitals ?an ! two l>g]1 lift$ a little to br+ !m to ! same level4 ,! wall 9 ! trefoil$ lights is curv$1 z f e to f 9 ! section2 b 9 ! quatrefoil x is flat1 only ?r[n back to ! full dep? ( ! recess bel[ s z to get a %>p %ad[ in/ead ( a s(t "o1 ! m\ld+s fall+ back to x 9 ne>ly a v]tical curve beh9d ! roll e4 ,?is c\ld n1 h[ev]1 be manag$ ) ! simpl] m\ld+s ( ! small] quatrefoil above1 ^: half section is giv5 f g to g#b2 b ! ar*itect 0 evid5tly frett$ by ! heavy look ( its circul> foils z oppos$ to ! light spr+ ( ! ar*es bel[3 s he ?rew its cusps obliquely cle> f ! wall1 z se5 9 fig4 #b1 atta*$ to x :]e !y meet ! circle1 b ) _! f9ials pu%$ out f ! natural level 7h1 9 ! section7 to t ( ! fir/ ord] 7g#b7 & support$ by /one props beh9d1 z se5 9 ! pr(ile fig4 #b1 :i* ,i got f ! correspond5t panel on ! buttress face 7fig4 #a be+ on its side71 & ( :i* ! l[] cusps1 be+ brok5 away1 %[ ! remnant ( "o ( _! props project+ f ! wall4 ,! oblique curve ?us obta9$ 9 ! pr(ile is ( s+ul> grace4 ,take x all 9 all1 ,i h nev] met ) a m exquisite piece ( v>i$1 yet sev]e1 proportion$ & g5]al arrangem5t 7?\gh all ! w9d[s ( ! p]iod are f9e1 & especially delightful 9 ! subord9ate proportion+ ( ! small] capitals to ! small] %afts74 ,! only fault x has is ! inevitable mis>rangem5t ( ! c5tral %afts2 = ! enl>gem5t ( ! inn] roll1 ?\gh beautiful 9 ! gr\p ( f\r divisions at ! side1 causes1 9 ! triple c5tral %aft1 ! v awkw>dness ( heavy lat]al memb]s :i* has j be5 9 mo/ in/ances condemn$4 ,9 ! w9d[s ( ! *oir1 & 9 mo/ ( ! p]iod1 ?is difficulty is avoid$ by mak+ ! f\r? ord] a fillet :i* only foll[s ! foliation1 :ile ! ?ree out]mo/ are ne>ly 9 ari?metical progression ( size1 & ! c5tral triple %aft has ( c\rse ! l>ge/ roll 9 front4 ,! m\ld+ ( ! ,palazzo ,fosc>i 7,plate ,,viii41 & ,plate ,,iv4 fig4 #h7 is1 = s simple a gr\p1 ! gr&e/ 9 effect ,i h ev5 se53 x is compos$ ( a l>ge roll ) two subord9ates4 ,,xxviii4 ,x is ( c\rse impossible to ent] into details ( in/ances belong+ to s intricate division ( our subject1 9 ! compass ( a g5]al essay4 ,i c b rapidly "n ! *ief conditions ( "r4 ,ano!r ( ^! is ! connection ( ,symmetry ) horizontal1 & ( ,proportion ) v]tical1 division4 ,evid5tly !re is 9 symmetry a s5se n m]ely ( equality1 b ( balance3 n[ a ?+ _c be balanc$ by ano!r on ! top ( x1 ?\gh x may by "o at ! side ( x4 ,h5ce1 :ile x is n only all[able1 b (t5 necess>y1 to divide build+s1 or p>ts ( !m1 horizontally into halves1 ?irds1 or o!r equal p>ts1 all v]tical divisions ( ?is k9d are utt]ly wrong2 wor/ into half1 next wor/ 9 ! regul> numb]s :i* m betray ! equality4 ,i %\ld h ?\ght ?is almo/ ! fir/ pr9ciple ( proportion :i* a "y ar*itect 0 taught3 & yet ,i rememb] an important build+1 rec5tly erect$ 9 ,engl&1 9 :i* ! columns are cut 9 half by ! project+ ar*itraves ( ! c5tral w9d[s2 & x is q usual to see ! spires ( mod]n ,go?ic *ur*es divid$ by a b& ( ornam5t half way up4 ,9 all f9e spires !re are two b&s & ?ree p>ts1 z at ,salisbury4 ,! ornam5t$ portion ( ! t[] is !re cut 9 half1 & all[ably1 because ! spire =ms ! ?ird mass to :i* ! o!r two are subord9ate3 two /ories are also equal 9 ,giotto's campanile1 b dom9ant ov] small] divisions bel[1 & subord9at$ to ! noble ?ird above4 ,ev5 ?is arrangem5t is difficult to treat2 & x is usually saf] to increase or dim9i% ! height ( ! divisions regul>ly z !y rise1 z 9 ! ,doge's ,palace1 ^: ?ree divisions are 9 a bold geometrical progression3 or1 9 t[]s1 to get an alt]nate proportion betwe5 ! body1 ! belfry1 & ! cr[n1 z 9 ! campanile ( ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,b1 at all ev5ts1 get rid ( equality2 leave t to *ildr5 & _! c>d h\ses3 ! laws ( nature & ! reason ( man are alike aga9/ x1 9 arts1 z 9 politics4 ,!re is b "o ?or\ghly ugly t[] 9 ,italy t ,i "k (1 & t is s because x is divid$ into v]tical equal p>ts3 ! t[] ( ,pisa4#ab ,,xxix4 ,"o m pr9ciple ( ,proportion ,i h to "n1 equally simple1 equally neglect$4 ,proportion is betwe5 ?ree t]ms at lea/4 ,h5ce1 z ! p9nacles are n en\gh )\t ! spire1 s nei!r ! spire )\t ! p9nacles4 ,all m5 feel ?is & usually express _! feel+ by say+ t ! p9nacles conceal ! junction ( ! spire & t[]4 ,?is is "o reason2 b a m influ5tial "o is1 t ! p9nacles furni% ! ?ird t]m to ! spire & t[]4 ,s t x is n en\gh1 9 ord] to secure proportion1 to divide a build+ unequally2 x mu/ be divid$ into at lea/ ?ree p>ts2 x may be into m 7& 9 details ) advantage71 b on a l>ge scale ,i f9d ?ree is ab\t ! be/ numb] ( p>ts 9 elevation1 & five 9 horizontal ext5t1 ) fre$om ( increase to five 9 ! "o case & sev5 9 ! o!r2 b n to m )\t confusion 79 ar*itecture1 t is to say2 = 9 organic /ructure ! numb]s _c be limit$74 ,i purpose1 9 ! c\rse ( works :i* are 9 prep>ation1 to give copi\s illu/rations ( ?is subject1 b ,i w take at pres5t only "o in/ance ( v]tical proportion1 f ! fl[] /em ( ! common wat] planta91 ,alisma ,plantago4 ,fig4 #e1 ,plate ,,xii4 is a r$uc$ pr(ile ( "o side ( a plant ga!r$ at r&om2 x is se5 to h five ma/s1 ( :i*1 h[ev]1 ! upp]mo/ is a m]e %oot1 & we c consid] only _! relations up to ! f\r?4 ,_! l5g?s are measur$ on ! l9e ,a ,b1 :i* is ! actual l5g? ( ! l[e/ mass a b1 ,a ,cb c1 ,a ,dc d1 & ,a ,ed e4 ,if ! read] w take ! tr\ble to measure ^! l5g?s & comp>e !m1 he w f9d t1 )9 half a l9e1 ! upp]mo/ ,a ,e#e_/g ( ,a ,d1 ,a ,d#f_/h ( ,a ,c1 & ,a ,c#g_/i ( ,a ,b2 a mo/ subtle dim9i%+ proportion4 ,f ea* ( ! jo9ts spr+ ?ree major & ?ree m9or bran*es1 ea* betwe5 ea*2 b ! major bran*es1 at any jo9t1 are plac$ ov] ! m9or bran*es at ! jo9t bel[1 by ! curi\s arrangem5t ( ! jo9t itself--! /em is bluntly triangul>2 fig4 #f %[s ! section ( any jo9t4 ,! out] d>k5$ triangle is ! section ( ! l[] /em2 ! inn]1 left light1 ( ! upp] /em2 & ! ?ree ma9 bran*es spr+ f ! l$ges left by ! recession4 ,?us ! /ems dim9i% 9 diamet] j z !y dim9i% 9 height4 ,! ma9 bran*es 7falsely plac$ 9 ! pr(ile ov] ea* o!r to %[ _! relations7 h respectively sev51 six1 five1 f\r1 & ?ree arm-bones1 l ! ma/s ( ! /em2 ^! divisions be+ proportion$ 9 ! same subtle mann]4 ,f ! jo9ts ( ^!1 x seems to be ! plan ( ! plant t ?ree major & ?ree m9or bran*es %\ld aga9 spr+1 be>+ ! fl[]s3 b1 9 ^! inf9itely complicat$ memb]s1 vegetative nature admits mu* v>iety2 9 ! plant f :i* ^! measures 7 tak5 ! full complem5t appe>$ only at "o ( ! second>y jo9ts4 ,! leaf ( ?is plant has five ribs on ea* side1 z its fl[] g5]ally five ma/s1 arrang$ ) ! mo/ exquisite grace ( curve2 b ( lat]al proportion ,i %all r take illu/rations f ar*itecture3 ! read] w f9d sev]al 9 ! acc\nts ( ! ,duomo at ,pisa & ,/4 ,m>k's at ,v5ice1 9 ,*ap4 ,v4 ,sec4,sec4 ,,xiv4-,,xvi4 ,i give ^! arrangem5ts m]ely z illu/rations1 n z prec$5ts3 all beautiful proportions are unique1 !y are n g5]al =mulae4 ,,xxx4 ,! o!r condition ( ar*itectural treatm5t :i* we propos$ to notice 0 ! ab/raction ( imitat$ =m4 ,b !re is a peculi> difficulty 9 t\*+ )9 ^! n>r[ limits on su* a subject z ?is1 because ! ab/raction ( :i* we f9d examples 9 exi/+ art1 is p>tly involunt>y2 & x is a matt] ( mu* nicety to det]m9e :]e x beg9s to be purpos$4 ,9 ! progress ( national z well z ( individual m9d1 ! fir/ attempts at imitation are always ab/ract & incomplete4 ,great] completion m>ks ! progress ( art1 absolute completion usually its decl9e2 :5ce absolute completion ( imitative =m is (t5 suppos$ to be 9 itself wrong4 ,b x is n wrong always1 only dang]\s4 ,let u endeavor briefly to asc]ta9 :]e9 its dang] consi/s1 & :]e9 its dignity4 ,,xxxi4 ,i h said t all art is ab/ract 9 its beg9n+s2 t is to say1 x expresses only a small numb] ( ! qualities ( ! ?+ repres5t$4 ,curv$ & complex l9es are repres5t$ by /raight & simple ones2 int]ior m>k+s ( =ms are few1 & mu* is symbolical & conv5tional4 ,!re is a resemblance betwe5 ! "w ( a great nation1 9 ?is phase1 & ! "w ( *ildhood & ignorance1 :i*1 9 ! m9d ( a c>eless obs]v]1 might atta* some?+ l ridicule to x4 ,! =m ( a tree on ! ,n9evite sculptures is mu* l t :i*1 come tw5ty ye>s ago1 0 famili> ^u sampl]s2 & ! types ( ! face & figure 9 e>ly ,italian art are susceptible ( easy c>icature4 ,on ! signs :i* sep>ate ! infancy ( magnific5t manhood f e o!r1 ,i d n pause to insi/ 7!y consi/ entirely 9 ! *oice ( ! symbol & ( ! features ab/ract$72 b ,i pass to ! next /age ( art1 a condition ( /r5g? 9 :i* ! ab/raction :i* 0 begun 9 incapability is cont9u$ 9 free w4 ,?is is ! case1 h[ev]1 9 pure sculpture & pa9t+1 z well z 9 ar*itecture2 & we h no?+ to d b ) t great] sev]ity ( mann] :i* fits ei!r to be associat$ ) ! m reali/ art4 ,i believe x prop]ly consi/s only 9 a due expression ( _! subord9ation1 an expression v>y+ accord+ to _! place & (fice4 ,! "q is fir/ to be cle>ly det]m9$ :e!r ! ar*itecture is a frame = ! sculpture1 or ! sculpture an ornam5t ( ! ar*itecture4 ,if ! latt]1 !n ! fir/ (fice ( t sculpture is n to repres5t ! ?+s x imitates1 b to ga!r out ( !m ^? arrangem5ts ( =m :i* %all be pleas+ to ! eye 9 _! int5d$ places4 ,s soon z agreeable l9es & po9ts ( %ade h be5 add$ to ! m\ld+s :i* 7 meagre1 or to ! lights :i* 7 unreliev$1 ! ar*itectural "w ( ! imitation is accompli%$2 & h[ f> x %all be wr\ght t[>ds complet5ess or n1 w dep5d ^u its place1 & ^u o!r v>i\s circum/ances4 ,if1 9 its p>ticul> use or position1 x is symmetrically arrang$1 !re is1 ( c\rse1 an in/ant indication ( ar*itectural subjection4 ,b symmetry is n ab/raction4 ,leaves may be c>v$ 9 ! mo/ regul> ord]1 & yet be meanly imitative2 or1 on ! o!r h&1 !y may be ?r[n wild & loose1 & yet be highly ar*itectural 9 _! sep>ate treatm5t4 ,no?+ c be less symmetrical ?an ! gr\p ( leaves :i* jo9 ! two columns 9 ,plate ,,xiii42 yet1 s9ce no?+ ( ! leaf "* is giv5 b :at is necess>y = ! b>e sugge/ion ( its image & ! atta9m5t ( ! l9es desir$1 _! treatm5t is highly ab/ract4 ,x %[s t ! workman only want$ s mu* ( ! leaf z he suppos$ good = 8 ar*itecture1 & w\ld all[ no m2 & h[ mu* is to be suppos$ good1 dep5ds1 z ,i h said1 mu* m on place & circum/ance ?an on g5]al laws4 ,i "k t ?is is n usually ?\ght1 & t _m good ar*itects w\ld insi/ on ab/raction 9 all cases3 ! "q is s wide & s difficult t ,i express my op9ion ^u x mo/ diffid5tly2 b my own feel+ is1 t a purely ab/ract mann]1 l t ( our e>lie/ ,engli% "w1 does n af=d room = ! p]fection ( beautiful =m1 & t its sev]ity is we>isome aft] ! eye has be5 long accu/om$ to x4 ,i h n done ju/ice to ! ,salisbury dog-too? m\ld+1 ( :i* ! effect is sket*$ 9 fig4 #e1 ,plate ,x41 b ,i h done m ju/ice to x nev]!less ?an to ! beautiful ,fr5* "o above x2 & ,i d n ?9k t any c&id read] w\ld d5y t1 piquant & spirit$ z is t f ,salisbury1 ! ,r\5 m\ld+ is1 9 e respect1 nobl]4 ,x w be obs]v$ t its symmetry is m complicat$1 ! leafage be+ divid$ into d\ble gr\ps ( two lobes ea*1 ea* lobe ( diff]5t /ructure4 ,) exquisite feel+1 "o ( ^! d\ble gr\ps is alt]nately omitt$ on ! o!r side ( ! m\ld+ 7n se5 9 ! ,plate1 b occupy+ ! cavetto ( ! section71 ?us giv+ a playful lightness to ! :ole2 & if ! read] w all[ = a beauty 9 ! fl[ ( ! curv$ outl9es 7especially on ! angle71 ( :i* he _c 9 ! lea/ judge f my rude draw+1 he w n1 ,i ?9k1 expect easily to f9d a nobl] in/ance ( decoration adapt$ to ! sev]e/ m\ld+s4 ,n[ x w be obs]v$1 t !re is 9 its treatm5t a high degree ( ab/raction1 ?\gh n s conv5tional z t ( ,salisbury3 t is to say1 ! leaves h little m ?an _! fl[ & outl9e repres5t$2 !y are h>dly und]cut1 b _! edges are connect$ by a g5tle & mo/ /udi$ curve ) ! /one beh9d2 !y h no s]rations1 no ve9+s1 no rib or /alk on ! angle1 only an incision gracefully made t[>ds _! extremities1 indicative ( ! c5tral rib & depression4 ,! :ole /yle ( ! ab/raction %[s t ! ar*itect c\ld1 if he _h *os51 h c>ri$ ! imitation mu* f>!r1 b /ay$ at ?is po9t ( 8 own free w2 & :at he has done is also s p]fect 9 its k9d1 t ,i feel dispos$ to accept 8 au?ority )\t "q1 s f> z ,i c ga!r x f 8 works1 on ! :ole subject ( ab/raction4 ,,xxxii4 ,happily 8 op9ion is frankly express$4 ,?is m\ld+ is on ! lat]al buttress1 & on a level ) ! top ( ! nor? gate2 x _c !re=e be closely se5 except f ! wood5 /airs ( ! belfry2 x is n int5d$ to be s se51 b calculat$ = a di/ance (1 at lea/1 =ty to fifty feet f ! eye4 ,9 ! vault ( ! gate itself1 half z ne> aga91 !re are ?ree r[s ( m\ld+s1 z ,i ?9k1 by ! same design]1 at all ev5ts "p ( ! same plan4 ,"o ( !m is giv5 9 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #b a4 ,x w be se5 t ! ab/raction is "h inf9itely less2 ! ivy leaves h /alks & associat$ fruit1 & a rib = ea* lobe1 & are s f> und]cut z to deta* _! =ms f ! /one2 :ile 9 ! v9e-leaf m\ld+ above1 ( ! same p]iod1 f ! s\? gate1 s]ration appe>s add$ to o!r purely imitative *>act]s4 ,f9ally1 9 ! animals :i* =m ! ornam5ts ( ! portion ( ! gate :i* is close to ! eye1 ab/raction ne>ly vani%es into p]fect sculpture4 ,,xxxiii4 ,ne>ness to ! eye1 h[ev]1 is n ! only circum/ance :i* influ5ces ar*itectural ab/raction4 ,^! v animals are n m]ely bett] cut because close to ! eye2 !y are put close to ! eye t !y may1 )\t indiscretion1 be bett] cut1 on ! noble pr9ciple1 fir/ ,i ?9k1 cle>ly enunciat$ by ,mr4 ,ea/lake1 t ! close/ imitation %all be ( ! noble/ object4 ,f>!r1 s9ce ! wildness & mann] ( gr[? ( vegetation r5d] a bona fide imitation ( x impossible 9 sculpture--s9ce its memb]s mu/ be r$uc$ 9 numb]1 ord]$ 9 direction1 & cut away f _! roots1 ev5 "u ! mo/ e>ne/ly imitative treatm5t1--x becomes a po9t1 z ,i ?9k1 ( good judgm5t1 to proportion ! complet5ess ( execution ( p>ts to ! =mality ( ! :ole2 & s9ce five or six leaves mu/ /& = a tree1 to let also five or six t\*es /& = a leaf4 ,b s9ce ! animal g5]ally admits ( p]fect outl9e--s9ce its =m is deta*$1 & may be fully repres5t$1 its sculpture may be m complete & fai?ful 9 all its p>ts4 ,& ?is pr9ciple w be actually f\nd4 ,i believe1 to guide ! old workm54 ,if ! animal =m be 9 a g>goyle1 incomplete1 & co9+ out ( a block ( /one1 or if a head only1 z = a boss or o!r su* p>tial use1 its sculpture w be highly ab/ract4 ,b if x be an entire animal1 z a liz>d1 or a bird1 or a squirrel1 peep+ among leafage1 its sculpture w be mu* f>!r c>ri$1 & ,i ?9k1 if small1 ne> ! eye1 & work$ 9 a f9e mat]ial1 may rightly be c>ri$ to ! utmo/ possible completion4 ,surely we _c wi% a less f9i% be/[$ on ^? :i* animate ! m\ld+s ( ! s\? door ( ! ca!dral ( ,flor5ce2 nor desire t ! birds 9 ! capitals ( ! ,doge's palace %\ld be /ripp$ ( a s+le plume4 ,,xxxiv4 ,"u ^! limitations1 !n1 ,i ?9k t p]fect sculpture may be made a "p ( ! sev]e/ ar*itecture2 b ?is p]fection 0 said 9 ! outset to be dang]\s4 ,x is s 9 ! highe/ degree2 = ! mom5t ! ar*itect all[s himself to dwell on ! imitat$ portions1 !re is a *ance ( 8 los+ sight ( ! duty ( 8 ornam5t1 ( its bus9ess z a "p ( ! composition1 & sacrific+ its po9ts ( %ade & effect to ! delight ( delicate c>v+4 ,& !n he is lo/4 ,8 ar*itecture has become a m]e framework = ! sett+ ( delicate sculpture1 :i* _h bett] be all tak5 d[n & put into cab9ets4 ,x is well1 !re=e1 t ! "y ar*itect %\ld be taught to ?9k ( imitative ornam5t z ( ! extreme ( grace 9 language2 n to be reg>d$ at fir/1 n to be obta9$ at ! co/ ( purpose1 mean+1 =ce1 or concis5ess1 yet1 inde$1 a p]fection--! lea/ ( all p]fections1 & yet ! cr[n+ "o ( all--"o :i* by itself1 & reg>d$ 9 itself1 is an ar*itectural coxcombry1 b is yet ! sign ( ! mo/ highly-tra9$ m9d & p[] :5 x is associat$ ) o!rs4 ,x is a safe mann]1 z ,i ?9k1 to design all ?+s at fir/ 9 sev]e ab/raction1 & to be prep>$1 if ne$ 71 to c>ry !m out 9 t =m2 !n to m>k ! p>ts :]e high f9i% w\ld be admissible1 to complete ^! always ) /]n ref]5ce to _! g5]al effect1 & !n connect !m by a graduat$ scale ( ab/raction ) ! re/4 ,& !re is "o safegu>d aga9/ dang] 9 ?is process on :i* ,i w\ld f9ally insi/4 ,nev] imitate any?+ b natural =ms1 & ^? ! noble/1 9 ! complet$ p>ts4 ,! degradation ( ! c9que c5to mann] ( decoration 0 n ow+ to its naturalism1 to its fai?fulness ( imitation1 b to its imitation ( ugly1 i4e4 unnatural ?+s4 ,s long z x re/ra9$ itself to sculpture ( animals & fl[]s1 x rema9$ noble4 ,! balcony1 on ! opposite page1 f a h\se 9 ! ,campo ,/4 ,b5$etto at ,v5ice1 %[s "o ( ! e>lie/ occurr5ces ( ! c9que c5to arabesque1 & a fragm5t ( ! patt]n is giv5 9 ,plate ,,xii4 fig4 #h4 ,x is b ! arre/+ ^u ! /one "w ( a /em or two ( ! liv+ fl[]s1 :i* are r>ely want+ 9 ! w9d[ above 7& :i*1 by ! by1 ! ,fr5* & ,italian peasantry (t5 trellis ) exquisite ta/e ab\t _! casem5ts74 ,?is arabesque1 reliev$ z x is 9 d>kness f ! :ite /one by ! /a9 ( "t1 is surely bo? beautiful & pure2 & z long z ! r5aissance ornam5t rema9$ 9 su* =ms x may be beheld ) undes]v$ admiration4 ,b ! mom5t t unnatural objects 7 associat$ ) ^!1 & armor1 & musical in/rum5ts1 & wild mean+less scrolls & curl$ %ields1 & o!r su* fancies1 became pr9cipal 9 its subjects1 its doom 0 seal$1 & ) x t ( ! ar*itecture ( ! _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xi4--7,page #aca--,vol4 ,v47 ,,balcony ,,9 ,,! ,,campo1 ,,/4 ,,b5$etto1 ,,v5ice4 ,,xxxv4 ,,iii4 ,our f9al inquiry 0 to be into ! use ( color z associat$ ) ar*itectural ornam5t4 ,i d n feel able to speak ) any confid5ce respect+ ! t\*+ ( sculpture ) color4 ,i w\ld only note "o po9t1 t sculpture is ! repres5tation ( an idea1 :ile ar*itecture is itself a real ?+4 ,! idea may1 z ,i ?9k1 be left colorless1 & color$ by ! behold]'s m9d3 b a reality ought to h reality 9 all its attributes3 its color %\ld be z fix$ z its =m4 ,i _c1 !re=e1 consid] ar*itecture z 9 any wise p]fect )\t color4 ,f>!r1 z ,i h above notic$1 ,i ?9k ! colors ( ar*itecture %\ld be ^? ( natural /ones2 p>tly because m durable1 b also because m p]fect & graceful4 ,= to conqu] ! h>%ness & deadness ( tones laid ^u /one or on gesso1 ne$s ! managem5t & discretion ( a true pa9t]2 & on ?is co-op]ation we mu/ n calculate 9 lay+ d[n rules = g5]al practice4 ,if ,t9toret or ,giorgione are at h&1 & ask u = a wall to pa9t1 we w alt] our :ole design = _! sake1 & become _! s]vants2 b we mu/1 z ar*itects1 expect ! aid ( ! common workman only2 & ! lay+ ( color by a me*anical h&1 & its ton+ "u a vulg> eye1 are f> m (f5sive ?an rud5ess 9 cutt+ ! /one4 ,! latt] is imp]fection only2 ! =m] deadness or discordance4 ,at ! be/1 su* color is s inf]ior to ! lovely & mell[ hues ( ! natural /one1 t x is wise to sacrifice "s ( ! intricacy ( design1 if by s do+ we may employ ! nobl] mat]ial4 ,& if1 z we look$ to ,nature = in/ruction respect+ =m1 we look to h] also to le>n ! managem5t ( color1 we %all1 p]haps1 f9d t ?is sacrifice ( intricacy is = o!r causes exp$i5t4 ,,xxxvi4 ,fir/1 !n1 ,i ?9k t 9 mak+ ?is ref]5ce we are to consid] our build+ z a k9d ( organiz$ creature2 9 color+ :i* we mu/ look to ! s+le & sep>ately organiz$ creatures ( ,nature1 n to h] l&scape comb9ations4 ,our build+1 if x is well compos$1 is "o ?+1 & is to be color$ z ,nature w\ld color "o ?+--a %ell1 a fl[]1 or an animal2 n z %e colors gr\ps ( ?+s4 ,& ! fir/ broad conclusion we %all d$uce f obs]vance ( natural color 9 su* cases w be1 t x nev] foll[s =m1 b is arrang$ on an entirely sep>ate sy/em4 ,:at my/]i\s connection !re may be betwe5 ! %ape ( ! spots on an animal's sk9 & its anatomical sy/em1 ,i d n "k1 nor ev5 if su* a connection has 9 any wise be5 trac$3 b to ! eye ! sy/ems are entirely sep>ate1 & 9 _m cases t ( color is accid5tally v>iable4 ,! /ripes ( a zebra d n foll[ ! l9es ( its body or limbs1 /ill less ! spots ( a leop>d4 ,9 ! plumage ( birds1 ea* fea!r be>s a "p ( ! patt]n :i* is arbitr>ily c>ri$ ov] ! body1 hav+ inde$ c]ta9 graceful h>monies ) ! =m1 dim9i%+ or enl>g+ 9 directions :i* sometimes foll[1 b also n unfrequ5tly oppose1 ! directions ( its muscul> l9es4 ,:atev] h>monies !re may be1 are di/9ctly l ^? ( two sep>ate musical p>ts1 co9cid+ "h & !re only--nev] discordant1 b ess5tially diff]5t ,i hold ?is1 !n1 = ! fir/ great pr9ciple ( ar*itectural color4 ,let x be visibly indep5d5t ( =m4 ,nev] pa9t a column ) v]tical l9es1 b always cross x4#ac ,nev] give sep>ate m\ld+s sep>ate colors 7,i "k ?is is h]esy1 b ,i nev] %r9k f any conclusions1 h[ev] contr>y to human au?ority1 to :i* ,i am l$ by obs]vance ( natural pr9ciples72 & 9 sculptur$ ornam5ts ,i d n pa9t ! leaves or figures 7,i _c help ! ,elg9 frieze7 ( "o color & _! gr\nd ( ano!r1 b v>y bo? ! gr\nd & ! figures ) ! same h>mony4 ,notice h[ ,nature does x 9 a v>iegat$ fl[]2 n "o leaf r$ & ano!r :ite1 b a po9t ( r$ & a zone ( :ite1 or :atev] x may be1 to ea*4 ,9 c]ta9 places y may run y\r two sy/ems clos]1 & "h & !re let !m be p>allel = a note or two1 b see t ! colors & ! =ms co9cide only z two ord]s ( m\ld+s d2 ! same = an in/ant1 b ea* hold+ its own c\rse4 ,s s+le memb]s may sometimes h s+le colors3 z a bird's head is sometimes ( "o color & its %\ld]s ano!r1 y may make y\r capital ( "o color & y\r %aft ano!r2 b 9 g5]al ! be/ place = color is on broad surfaces1 n on ! po9ts ( int]e/ 9 =m4 ,an animal is mottl$ on its brea/ & back1 r>ely on its paws or ab\t its eyes2 s put y\r v>iegation boldly on ! flat wall & broad %aft1 b be %y ( x 9 ! capital & m\ld+2 9 all cases x is a safe rule to simplify color :5 =m is ri*1 & vice v]sa2 & ,i ?9k x w\ld be well 9 g5]al to c>ve all capitals & graceful ornam5ts 9 :ite m>ble1 & s leave !m4 ,,xxxvii4 ,indep5d5ce !n be+ fir/ secur$1 :at k9d ( limit+ outl9es %all we adopt = ! sy/em ( color itself8 ,i am q sure t any p]son famili> ) natural objects w nev] be surpris$ at any appe>ance ( c>e or f9i% 9 !m4 ,t is ! condition ( ! univ]se4 ,b !re is cause bo? = surprise & inquiry :5ev] we see any?+ l c>elessness or incompletion3 t is n a common condition2 x mu/ be "o appo9t$ = "s s+ul> purpose4 ,i believe t su* surprise w be =cibly felt by any "o :o1 aft] /udy+ c>efully ! l9es ( "s v>iegat$ organic =m1 w set himself to copy ) simil> dilig5ce ^? ( its colors4 ,! b\nd>ies ( ! =ms he w assur$ly1 :atev] ! object1 h f\nd drawn ) a delicacy & precision :i* no human h& c foll[4 ,^? ( its colors he w f9d 9 _m cases1 ?\gh gov]n$ always by a c]ta9 rude symmetry1 yet irregul>1 blot*$1 imp]fect1 liable to all k9ds ( accid5ts & awkw>dnesses4 ,look at ! trac]y ( ! l9es on a camp %ell1 & see h[ oddly & awkw>dly its t5ts are pit*$4 ,x is n inde$ always s3 !re is occasionally1 z 9 ! eye ( ! peacock's plume1 an app>5t precision1 b /ill a precision f> inf]ior to t ( ! draw+ ( ! filam5ts :i* be> t lovely /a92 & 9 ! plurality ( cases a degree ( loos5ess & v>iation1 &1 /ill m s+ul>ly1 ( h>%ness & viol5ce 9 arrangem5t1 is admitt$ 9 color :i* w\ld be mon/r\s 9 =m4 ,obs]ve ! diff]5ce 9 ! precision ( a fi%'s scales & ( ! spots on !m4 ,,xxxviii4 ,n[1 :y x %\ld be t color is be/ se5 "u ^! circum/ances ,i w n "h endeavor to det]m9e2 nor :e!r ! lesson we are to le>n f x be t x is ,god's w t all mann] ( delights %\ld nev] be comb9$ 9 "o ?+4 ,b ! fact is c]ta91 t color is always by ,him arrang$ 9 ^! simple or rude =ms1 & z c]ta9 t1 !re=e1 x mu/ be be/ se5 9 !m1 & t we %all nev] m5d by ref9+ its arrangem5ts4 ,exp]i5ce tea*es u ! same ?+4 ,inf9ite nons5se has be5 writt5 ab\t ! union ( p]fect color ) p]fect =m4 ,!y nev] w1 nev] c be unit$4 ,color1 to be p]fect1 mu/ h a s(t outl9e or a simple "o3 x _c h a ref9$ "o2 & y w nev] produce a good pa9t$ w9d[ ) good figure-draw+ 9 x4 ,y w lose p]fection ( color z y give p]fection ( l9e4 ,try to put 9 ord] & =m ! colors ( a piece ( opal4 ,,xxxix4 ,i conclude1 !n1 t all arrangem5ts ( color1 = its own sake1 9 graceful =ms1 are b>b>\s2 & t1 to pa9t a color patt]n ) ! lovely l9es ( a ,greek leaf m\ld+1 is an utt]ly savage proc$ure4 ,i _c f9d any?+ 9 natural color l ?is3 x is n 9 ! bond4 ,i f9d x 9 all natural =m--nev] 9 natural color4 ,if1 !n1 our ar*itectural color is to be beautiful z its =m 01 by be+ imitative1 we are limit$ to ^! conditions--to simple masses ( x1 to zones1 z 9 ! ra9b[ & ! zebra2 cl\d+s & flam+s1 z 9 m>ble %ells & plumage1 or spots ( v>i\s %apes & dim5sions4 ,all ^! conditions are susceptible ( v>i\s degrees ( %>pness & delicacy1 & ( complication 9 arrangem5t4 ,! zone may become a delicate l9e1 & arrange itself 9 *equ]s & zig-zags4 ,! flam+ may be m or less def9$1 z on a tulip leaf1 & may at la/ be repres5t$ by a triangle ( color1 & arrange itself 9 />s or o!r %apes2 ! spot may be also graduat$ into a /a91 or def9$ into a squ>e or circle4 ,! mo/ exquisite h>monies may be compos$ ( ^! simple elem5ts3 "s s(t & full ( flu%$ & melt+ spaces ( color2 o!rs piquant & sp>kl+1 or deep & ri*1 =m$ ( close gr\ps ( ! fi]y fragm5ts3 p]fect & lovely proportion may be exhibit$ 9 ! relation ( _! quantities1 inf9ite inv5tion 9 _! disposition3 b1 9 all cases1 _! %ape w be effective only z x det]m9es _! quantity1 & regulates _! op]ation on ea* o!r2 po9ts or edges ( "o be+ introduc$ betwe5 bread?s ( o!rs1 & s on4 ,triangul> & b>r$ =ms are !re=e conv5i5t1 or o!rs ! simple/ possible2 leav+ ! pleasure ( ! spectator to be tak5 9 ! color1 & 9 t only4 ,curv$ outl9es1 especially if ref9$1 dead5 ! color1 & confuse ! m9d4 ,ev5 9 figure pa9t+ ! greate/ colori/s h ei!r melt$ _! outl9e away1 z (t5 ,correggio & ,rub5s2 or purposely made _! masses ( unga9ly %ape1 z ,titian2 or plac$ _! brighte/ hues 9 co/ume1 :]e !y c\ld get qua9t patt]ns1 z ,v]onese1 & especially ,angelico1 ) :om1 h[ev]1 ! absolute virtue ( color is second>y to grace ( l9e4 ,h5ce1 he nev] uses ! bl5d$ hues ( ,correggio1 l ^? on ! w+ ( ! little ,cupid1 9 ! ,v5us & ,m]cury1 b always ! sev]e/ type--! peacock plume4 ,any ( ^! m5 w\ld h look$ ) inf9ite disgu/ ^u ! leafage & scrollwork :i* =m ! gr\nd ( color 9 our mod]n pa9t$ w9d[s1 & yet all :om ,i h nam$ 7 mu* infect$ ) ! love ( r5aissance designs4 ,we mu/ also all[ = ! fre$om ( ! pa9t]'s subject1 & loos5ess ( 8 associat$ l9es2 a patt]n be+ sev]e 9 a picture1 :i* is ov] luxuri\s ^u a build+4 ,i believe1 !re=e1 t x is impossible to be ov] qua9t or angul> 9 ar*itectural color+2 & ?us _m dispositions :i* ,i h _h occasion to reprobate 9 =m1 are1 9 color1 ! be/ t c be inv5t$4 ,i h always1 = in/ance1 spok5 ) contempt ( ! ,tudor /yle1 = ?is reason1 t1 hav+ surr5d]$ all pret5ce to spaci\sness & bread?1--hav+ divid$ its surfaces by an inf9ite numb] ( l9es1 x yet sacrifices ! only *>act]s :i* c make l9es beautiful2 sacrifices all ! v>iety & grace :i* long aton$ = ! caprice ( ! ,flamboyant1 & adopts1 = its lead+ feature1 an entanglem5t ( cross b>s & v]ticals1 %[+ ab\t z mu* inv5tion or skill ( design z ! reticulation ( ! bricklay]'s sieve4 ,yet ?is v reticulation w\ld 9 color be highly beautiful2 & all ! h]aldry1 & o!r features :i*1 9 =m1 are mon/r\s1 may be delightful z !mes ( color 7s long z !re are no flutt]+ or ov]-twi/$ l9es 9 !m72 & ?is obs]ve1 because1 :5 color$1 !y take ! place ( a m]e patt]n1 & ! resemblance to nature1 :i* c\ld n be f\nd 9 _! sculptur$ =ms1 is f\nd 9 _! piquant v>iegation ( o!r surfaces4 ,!re is a beautiful & bright bit ( wall pa9t+ beh9d ! ,duomo ( ,v]ona1 compos$ ( coats ( arms1 ^: be>+s are balls ( gold set 9 b>s ( gre5 7alt]$ blue87 & :ite1 ) c>d9al's hats 9 alt]nate squ>es4 ,?is is ( c\rse1 h[ev]1 fit only = dome/ic "w4 ,! front ( ! ,doge's palace at ,v5ice is ! pure/ & mo/ *a/e model t ,i c "n 7b "o7 ( ! fit application ( color to public build+s4 ,! sculpture & m\ld+s are all :ite2 b ! wall surface is *equ]$ ) m>ble blocks ( pale rose1 ! *equ]s be+ 9 no wise h>moniz$1 or fitt$ to ! =ms ( ! w9d[s2 b look+ z if ! surface _h be5 complet$ fir/1 & ! w9d[s cut out ( x4 ,9 ,plate ,,xii4 fig4 #b ! read] w see two ( ! patt]ns us$ 9 gre5 & :ite1 on ! columns ( ,san ,mi*ele ( ,lucca1 e column hav+ a diff]5t design4 ,bo? are beautiful1 b ! upp] "o c]ta9ly ! be/4 ,yet 9 sculpture its l9es w\ld h be5 p]fectly b>b>\s1 & ^? ev5 ( ! l[] n en\gh ref9$4 ,,xl4 ,re/ra9+ ourselves1 !re=e1 to ! use ( su* simple patt]ns1 s f> =? z our color is subord9ate ei!r to ar*itectural /ructure1 or sculptural =m1 we h yet "o m mann] ( ornam5tation to add to our g5]al means ( effect1 mono*rome design1 ! int]m$iate condition betwe5 color+ & c>v+4 ,! relations ( ! entire sy/em ( ar*itectural decoration may !n be ?us express$4 #a4 ,organic =m dom9ant4 ,true1 indep5d5t sculpture1 & alto-relievo2 ri* capitals1 & m\ld+s2 to be elaborate 9 completion ( =m1 n ab/ract1 & ei!r to be left 9 pure :ite m>ble1 or mo/ cauti\sly t\*$ ) color 9 po9ts & bord]s only1 9 a sy/em n concurr5t ) _! =ms4 #b4 ,organic =m sub-dom9ant4 ,basso-relievo or intaglio4 ,to be m ab/ract 9 proportion to ! r$uction ( dep?2 to be also m rigid & simple 9 cont\r2 to be t\*$ ) color m boldly & 9 an increas$ degree1 exactly 9 proportion to ! r$uc$ dep? & fulness ( =m1 b /ill 9 a sy/em non-concurr5t ) _! =ms4 #c4 ,organic =m ab/ract$ to outl9e4 ,mono*rome design1 /ill f>!r r$uc$ to simplicity ( cont\r1 & !re=e admitt+ = ! fir/ "t ! color to be concurr5t ) its outl9es2 t is to say1 z its "n imports1 ! entire figure to be deta*$ 9 "o color f a gr\nd ( ano!r4 #d4 ,organic =ms entirely lo/4 ,geometrical patt]ns or v>iable cl\d+s 9 ! mo/ vivid color4 ,on ! opposite side ( ?is scale1 asc5d+ f ! color patt]n1 ,i w\ld place ! v>i\s =ms ( pa9t+ :i* may be associat$ ) ar*itecture3 prim>ily1 & z mo/ fit = su* purpose1 ! mosaic1 highly ab/ract 9 treatm5t1 & introduc+ brilliant color 9 masses2 ! ,madonna ( ,torcello be+1 z ,i ?9k1 ! noble/ type ( ! mann]1 & ! ,bapti/]y ( ,p>ma ! ri*e/3 next1 ! purely decorative fresco1 l t ( ! ,ar5a ,*apel2 f9ally1 ! fresco becom+ pr9cipal1 z 9 ! ,vatican & ,si/9e4 ,b ,i _c1 ) any safety1 foll[ ! pr9ciples ( ab/raction 9 ?is pictorial ornam5t2 s9ce ! noble/ examples ( x appe> to me to owe _! ar*itectural applicability to _! ar*aic mann]2 & ,i ?9k t ! ab/raction & admirable simplicity :i* r5d] !m fit m$ia ( ! mo/ spl5did color+1 _c be recov]$ by a volunt>y condesc5sion4 ,! ,byzant9es !mselves w\ld n1 ,i ?9k1 if !y c\ld h drawn ! figure bett]1 h us$ x = a color decoration2 & t use1 z peculi> to a condition ( *ildhood1 h[ev] noble & full ( promise1 _c be includ$ among ^? modes ( adornm5t :i* are n[ legitimate or ev5 possible4 ,!re is a difficulty 9 ! managem5t ( ! pa9t$ w9d[ = ! same reason1 :i* has n yet be5 met1 & we mu/ conqu] t fir/1 be=e we c v5ture to consid] ! wall z a pa9t$ w9d[ on a l>ge scale4 ,pictorial subject1 )\t su* ab/raction1 becomes necess>ily pr9cipal1 or1 at all ev5ts1 ceases to be ! ar*itect's conc]n2 its plan mu/ be left to ! pa9t] aft] ! completion ( ! build+1 z 9 ! works ( ,v]onese & ,giorgione on ! palaces ( ,v5ice4 ,,xli4 ,pure ar*itectural decoration1 !n1 may be consid]$ z limit$ to ! f\r k9ds above specifi$2 ( :i* ea* glides almo/ imp]ceptibly into ! o!r4 ,?us1 ! ,elg9 frieze is a mono*rome 9 a /ate ( transition to sculpture1 reta9+1 z ,i ?9k1 ! half-ca/ sk9 too long4 ,( pure mono*rome1 ,i h giv5 an example 9 ,plate ,,vi41 f ! noble front ( ,/4 ,mi*ele ( ,lucca4 ,x conta9s =ty su* ar*es1 all cov]$ ) equally elaborate ornam5ts1 entirely drawn by cutt+ out _! gr\nd to ab\t ! dep? ( an in* 9 ! flat :ite m>ble1 & fill+ ! spaces ) pieces ( gre5 s]p5t9e2 a mo/ elaborate mode ( sculpture1 requir+ excessive c>e & precision 9 ! fitt+ ( ! edges1 & ( c\rse d\ble "w1 ! same l9e ne$+ to be cut bo? 9 ! m>ble & s]p5t9e4 ,! excessive simplicity ( ! =ms w be at once p]ceiv$2 ! eyes ( ! figures ( animals1 = in/ance1 be+ indicat$ only by a r\nd dot1 =m$ by a little inlet circle ( s]p5t9e1 ab\t half an in* ov]3 b1 ?\gh simple1 !y admit (t5 mu* grace ( curvature1 z 9 ! neck ( ! bird se5 above ! "r h& pill>4#ad ,! pieces ( s]p5t9e h fall5 out 9 _m places1 giv+ ! black %ad[s1 z se5 "u ! horseman's arm & bird's neck1 & 9 ! semi-circul> l9e r\nd ! ar*1 once fill$ ) "s patt]n4 ,x w\ld h illu/rat$ my po9t bett] to h re/or$ ! lo/ portions1 b ,i always draw a ?+ exactly z x is1 hat+ re/oration ( any k9d2 & ,i w\ld especially direct ! read]'s att5tion to ! completion ( ! =ms 9 ! sculptur$ ornam5t ( ! m>ble cornices1 z oppos$ to ! ab/raction ( ! mono*rome figures1 ( ! ball & cross patt]ns betwe5 ! ar*es1 & ( ! triangul> ornam5t r\nd ! ar* on ! left4 ,,xlii4 ,i h an int5se love = ^! mono*rome figures1 ow+ to _! wond]ful life & _s 9 all ! works on :i* ,i f\nd !m2 nev]!less1 ,i believe t ! excessive degree ( ab/raction :i* !y imply necessitates our plac+ !m 9 ! rank ( a progressive or imp]fect art1 & t a p]fect build+ %\ld r be compos$ ( ! highe/ sculpture 7organic =m dom9ant & sub-dom9ant71 associat$ ) patt]n colors on ! flat or broad surfaces4 ,& we f9d1 9 fact1 t ! ca!dral ( ,pisa1 :i* is a high] type ?an t ( ,lucca1 exactly foll[s ?is condition1 ! color be+ put 9 geometrical patt]ns on its surfaces1 & animal-=ms & lovely leafage us$ 9 ! sculptur$ cornices & pill>s4 ,& ,i ?9k t ! grace ( ! c>v$ =ms is be/ se5 :5 x is ?us boldly oppos$ to sev]e trac]ies ( color1 :ile ! color itself is1 z we h se51 always mo/ piquant :5 x is put into %>p angul> arrangem5ts4 ,?us ! sculpture is approv$ & set (f by ! color1 & ! color se5 to ! be/ advantage 9 its opposition bo? to ! :it5ess & ! grace ( ! c>v$ m>ble4 ,,xliii4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is & ! prec$+ *apt]s1 ,i h n[ sep>ately enum]at$ mo/ ( ! conditions ( ,p[] & ,beauty1 :i* 9 ! outset ,i /at$ to be ! gr\nds ( ! deepe/ impressions ) :i* ar*itecture c\ld affect ! human m9d2 b ,i w\ld ask p]mission to recapitulate !m 9 ord] to see if !re be any build+ :i* ,i may (f] z an example ( ! unison1 9 su* mann] z is possible1 ( !m all4 ,glanc+ back1 !n1 to ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird *apt]1 & introduc+ 9 _! place ! conditions incid5tally det]m9$ 9 ! two previ\s sections1 we %all h ! foll[+ li/ ( noble *>act]s3 ,consid]able size1 exhibit$ by simple t]m9al l9es 7,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,sec4 #f74 ,projection t[>ds ! top 7,sec4 #g74 ,bread? ( flat surface 7,sec4 #h74 ,squ>e comp>tm5ts ( t surface 7,sec4 #i74 ,v>i$ & visible masonry 7,sec4 #aa74 ,vigor\s dep? ( %ad[ 7,sec4 #ac71 exhibit$ especially by pi]c$ trac]ies 7,sec4 #ah74 ,v>i$ proportion 9 asc5t 7,*ap4 ,,iv4 ,sec4 #bh74 ,lat]al symmetry 7,sec4 #bh74 ,sculpture mo/ delicate at ! base 7,*ap4 ,i4 ,sec4 #ab74 ,enri*$ quantity ( ornam5t at ! top 7,sec4 #ac74 ,sculpture ab/ract 9 inf]ior ornam5ts & m\ld+s 7,*ap4 ,,iv4 ,sec4 #ca71 complete 9 animal =ms 7,sec4 #cc74 ,bo? to be execut$ 9 :ite m>ble 7,sec4 #dj74 ,vivid color introduc$ 9 flat geometrical patt]ns 7,sec4 #ci71 & obta9$ by ! use ( naturally color$ /one 7,sec4 #ce74 ,^! *>act]i/ics occur m or less 9 diff]5t build+s1 "s 9 "o & "s 9 ano!r4 ,b all toge!r1 & all 9 _! highe/ possible relative degrees1 !y exi/1 z f> z ,i "k1 only 9 "o build+ 9 ! _w1 ! ,campanile ( ,giotto at ,flor5ce4 ,! draw+ ( ! trac]y ( its upp] /ory1 :i* heads ?is *apt]1 rude z x is1 w nev]!less give ! read] "s bett] conception ( t t[]'s magnific5ce ?an ! ?9 outl9es 9 :i* x is usually portray$4 ,9 its fir/ appeal to ! /rang]'s eye !re is some?+ unpleas+2 a m+l+1 z x seems to him1 ( ov] sev]ity ) ov] m9ut5ess4 ,b let him give x "t1 z he %\ld to all o!r consummate art4 ,i rememb] well h[1 :5 a boy1 ,i us$ to despise t ,campanile1 & ?9k x meanly smoo? & f9i%$4 ,b ,i h s9ce liv$ beside x _m a day1 & look$ out ^u x f my w9d[s by sunlight & moonlight1 & ,i %all n soon =get h[ pr(\nd & gloomy appe>$ to me ! savag5ess ( ! ,nor!rn ,go?ic1 :5 ,i aft]w>ds /ood1 = ! fir/ "t1 b5ea? ! front ( ,salisbury4 ,! contra/ is inde$ /range1 if x c\ld be quickly felt1 betwe5 ! ris+ ( ^? grey walls out ( _! quiet sw>d$ space1 l d>k & b>r5 rocks out ( a gre5 lake1 ) _! rude1 m\ld]+1 r\gh-gra9$ %afts1 & triple lights1 )\t trac]y or o!r ornam5t ?an ! m>t9s' ne/s 9 ! height ( !m1 & t bright1 smoo?1 sunny surface ( gl[+ jasp]1 ^? spiral %afts & fairy trac]ies1 s :ite1 s fa9t1 s cry/all9e1 t _! slight %apes are h>dly trac$ 9 d>kness on ! pallor ( ! ,ea/]n sky1 t s]5e height ( m\nta9 alaba/]1 color$ l a morn+ cl\d1 & *as$ l a sea %ell4 ,& if ?is be1 z ,i believe x1 ! model & mirror ( p]fect ar*itecture1 is !re n some?+ to be le>n$ by look+ back to ! e>ly life ( him :o rais$ x8 ,i said t ! ,p[] ( human m9d _h its gr[? 9 ! ,wild]ness2 mu* m mu/ ! love & ! conception ( t beauty1 ^: e l9e & hue we h se5 to be1 at ! be/1 a fad$ image ( ,god's daily "w1 & an arre/$ ray ( "s /> ( creation1 be giv5 *iefly 9 ! places :i* ,he has gladd5$ by plant+ !re ! fir tree & ! p9e4 ,n )9 ! walls ( ,flor5ce1 b among ! f> away fields ( h] lilies1 0 ! *ild tra9$ :o 0 to raise t head/one ( ,beauty above ! t[]s ( wat* & w>4 ,rememb] all t he became2 c\nt ! sacr$ ?\ghts ) :i* he fill$ ! he>t ( ,italy2 ask ^? :o foll[$ him :at !y le>n$ at 8 feet2 & :5 y h numb]$ 8 labors1 & receiv$ _! te/imony1 if x seem to y t ,god _h v]ily p\r$ out ^u ?is ,8 s]vant no common nor re/ra9$ portion ( ,8 ,_s1 & t he 0 inde$ a k+ among ! *ildr5 ( m51 rememb] also t ! leg5d ^u 8 cr[n 0 t ( ,david's3--,i took !e f ! %eepcote1 & f foll[+ ! %eep4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,lamp ,,( ,,life4 ,i4 ,among ! c\ntless analogies by :i* ! nature & relations ( ! human s\l are illu/rat$ 9 ! mat]ial creation1 none are m /rik+ ?an ! impressions insep>ably connect$ ) ! active & dormant /ates ( matt]4 ,i h else:]e endeavor$ to %[1 t no inconsid]able "p ( ! ess5tial *>act]s ( ,beauty dep5d$ on ! expression ( vital en]gy 9 organic ?+s1 or on ! subjection to su* en]gy1 ( ?+s naturally passive & p[]less4 ,i ne$ n "h repeat1 ( :at 0 !n advanc$1 m ?an ! /atem5t :i* ,i believe w meet ) g5]al acceptance1 t ?+s 9 o!r respects alike1 z 9 _! sub/ance1 or uses1 or outw>d =ms1 are noble or ignoble 9 proportion to ! fulness ( ! life :i* ei!r !y !mselves enjoy1 or ( ^: action !y be> ! evid5ce1 z sea s&s are made beautiful by _! be>+ ! seal ( ! motion ( ! wat]s4 ,& ?is is especially true ( all objects :i* be> ^u !m ! impress ( ! highe/ ord] ( creative life1 t is to say1 ( ! m9d ( man3 !y become noble or ignoble 9 proportion to ! am\nt ( ! en]gy ( t m9d :i* has visibly be5 employ$ ^u !m4 ,b mo/ peculi>ly & imp]atively does ! rule hold ) respect to ! creations ( ,ar*itecture1 :i* be+ prop]ly capable ( no o!r life ?an ?is1 & be+ n ess5tially compos$ ( ?+s pleasant 9 !mselves1--z music ( sweet s\nds1 or pa9t+ ( fair colors1 b ( in]t sub/ance1--dep5d1 = _! dignity & pleasurabl5ess 9 ! utmo/ degree1 ^u ! vivid expression ( ! intellectual life :i* has be5 conc]n$ 9 _! production4 ,,ii4 ,n[ 9 all o!r k9d ( en]gies except t ( man's m9d1 !re is no "q z to :at is life1 & :at is n4 ,vital s5sibility1 :e!r vegetable or animal1 may1 inde$1 be r$uc$ to s great feebl5ess1 z to r5d] its exi/5ce a matt] ( "q1 b :5 x is evid5t at all1 x is evid5t z su*3 !re is no mi/ak+ any imitation or pret5ce ( x = ! life itself2 no me*anism nor galvanism c take its place2 nor is any resemblance ( x s /rik+ z to involve ev5 hesitation 9 ! judgm5t2 al?\gh _m occur :i* ! human imag9ation takes pleasure 9 exalt+1 )\t = an in/ant los+ sight ( ! real nature ( ! dead ?+s x animates2 b rejoic+ r 9 its own excessive life1 :i* puts ge/ure into cl\ds1 & joy into waves1 & voices into rocks4 ,,iii4 ,b :5 we beg9 to be conc]n$ ) ! en]gies ( man1 we f9d ourselves in/antly deal+ ) a d\ble creature4 ,mo/ "p ( 8 be+ seems to h a fictiti\s c\nt]p>t1 :i* x is at 8 p]il if he d n ca/ (f & d5y4 ,?us he has a true & false 7o!rwise call$ a liv+ & dead1 or a feign$ or unfeign$7 fai?4 ,he has a true & a false hope1 a true & a false *>ity1 &1 f9ally1 a true & a false life4 ,8 true life is l t ( l[] organic be+s1 ! indep5d5t =ce by :i* he m\lds & gov]ns ext]nal ?+s2 x is a =ce ( assimilation :i* conv]ts ev]y?+ ar\nd him into food1 or into in/rum5ts2 & :i*1 h[ev] humbly or ob$i5tly x may li/5 to or foll[ ! guidance ( sup]ior intellig5ce1 nev] =feits its own au?ority z a judg+ pr9ciple1 z a w capable ei!r ( obey+ or rebell+4 ,8 false life is1 inde$1 b "o ( ! conditions ( dea? or /upor1 b x acts1 ev5 :5 x _c be said to animate1 & is n always easily kn[n f ! true4 ,x is t life ( cu/om & accid5t 9 :i* _m ( u pass mu* ( our "t 9 ! _w2 t life 9 :i* we d :at we h n purpos$1 & speak :at we d n mean1 & ass5t to :at we d n und]/&2 t life :i* is ov]laid by ! weight ( ?+s ext]nal to x1 & is m\ld$ by !m1 in/ead ( assimilat+ !m2 t1 :i* in/ead ( gr[+ & blossom+ "u any :olesome dew1 is cry/allis$ ov] ) x1 z ) ho> fro/1 & becomes to ! true life :at an arboresc5ce is to a tree1 a c&i$ agglom]ation ( ?\ghts & habits =eign to x1 brittle1 ob/9ate1 & icy1 :i* c nei!r b5d nor gr[1 b mu/ be cru%$ & brok5 to bits1 if x /& 9 our way4 ,all m5 are liable to be 9 "s degree fro/-bitt5 9 ?is sort2 all are p>tly encumb]$ & cru/$ ov] ) idle matt]2 only1 if !y h real life 9 !m1 !y are always break+ ?is b>k away 9 noble r5ts1 until x becomes1 l ! black /rips ^u ! bir* tree1 only a witness ( _! own inw>d /r5g?4 ,b1 ) all ! ef=ts t ! be/ m5 make1 mu* ( _! be+ passes 9 a k9d ( dream1 9 :i* !y inde$ move1 & play _! p>ts suffici5tly1 to ! eyes ( _! fell[-dream]s1 b h no cle> consci\sness ( :at is ar\nd !m1 or )9 !m2 bl9d to ! "o1 ins5sible to ! o!r1 ,greek3 no?roi4 ,i w\ld n press ! def9ition into its d>k] application to ! dull he>t & heavy e>2 ,i h to d ) x only z x ref]s to ! too frequ5t condition ( natural exi/5ce1 :e!r ( nations or individuals1 settl+ commonly ^u !m 9 proportion to _! age4 ,! life ( a nation is usually1 l ! fl[ ( a lava /ream1 fir/ bright & fi]ce1 !n languid & cov]$1 at la/ advanc+ only by ! tumbl+ ov] & ov] ( its froz5 blocks4 ,& t la/ condition is a sad "o to look ^u4 ,all ! /eps are m>k$ mo/ cle>ly 9 ! arts1 & 9 ,ar*itecture m ?an 9 any o!r2 = x1 be+ especially dep5d5t1 z we h j said1 on ! w>m? ( ! true life1 is also peculi>ly s5sible ( ! hemlock cold ( ! false2 & ,i d n "k any?+ m oppressive1 :5 ! m9d is once awak5$ to its *>act]i/ics1 ?an ! aspect ( a dead ar*itecture4 ,! feebl5ess ( *ildhood is full ( promise & ( int]e/1--! /ruggle ( imp]fect k full ( en]gy & cont9uity1--b to see impot5ce & rigidity settl+ ^u ! =m ( ! develop$ man2 to see ! types :i* once _h ! die ( ?\ght /ruck fre% ^u !m1 worn flat by ov] use2 to see ! %ell ( ! liv+ creature 9 its adult =m1 :5 its colors are fad$1 & its inhabitant p]i%$1--?is is a sight m humiliat+1 m melan*oly1 ?an ! vani%+ ( all k1 & ! return to confess$ & helpless infancy4 ,nay1 x is to be wi%$ t su* return 7 always possible4 ,!re w\ld be hope if we c\ld *ange palsy into pu]ility2 b ,i "k n h[ f> we c become *ildr5 aga91 & r5ew our lo/ life4 ,! /irr+ :i* has tak5 place 9 our ar*itectural aims & int]e/s )9 ^! few ye>s1 is ?\ght by _m to be full ( promise3 ,i tru/ x is1 b x has a sickly look to me4 ,i _c tell :e!r x be inde$ a spr++ ( se$ or a %ak+ among bones2 & ,i d n ?9k ! "t w be lo/ :i* ,i ask ! read] to sp5d 9 ! inquiry1 h[ f> all t we h hi!rto asc]ta9$ or conjectur$ to be ! be/ 9 pr9ciple1 may be =mally practis$ )\t ! _s or ! vitality :i* alone c\ld give x influ5ce1 value1 or delightfulness4 ,,iv4 ,n[1 9 ! fir/ place--& ?is is r an important po9t--x is no sign ( deadness 9 a pres5t art t x borr[s or imitates1 b only if x borr[s )\t pay+ int]e/1 or if x imitates )\t *oice4 ,! art ( a great nation1 :i* is develop$ )\t any acqua9tance ) nobl] examples ?an its own e>ly ef=ts furni%1 exhibits always ! mo/ consi/5t & compreh5sible gr[?1 & p]haps is reg>d$ usually z peculi>ly v5]able 9 its self-orig9ation4 ,b !re is some?+ to my m9d m maje/ic yet 9 ! life ( an ar*itecture l t ( ! ,lomb>ds1 rude & infant9e 9 itself1 & surr\nd$ by fragm5ts ( a nobl] art ( :i* x is quick 9 admiration & ready 9 imitation1 & yet s /rong 9 its own new in/9cts t x re-con/ructs & re-arranges e fragm5t t x copies or borr[s into h>mony ) its own ?\ghts1--a h>mony at fir/ disjo9t$ & awkw>d1 b complet$ 9 ! end1 & fus$ into p]fect organisation2 all ! borr[$ elem5ts be+ subord9at$ to its own primal1 un*ang$ life4 ,i d n "k any s5sation m exquisite ?an ! discov]+ ( ! evid5ce ( ?is magnific5t /ruggle into indep5d5t exi/5ce2 ! detection ( ! borr[$ ?\ghts1 nay1 ! f9d+ ( ! actual blocks & /ones c>v$ by o!r h&s & 9 o!r ages1 wr\ght into ! new walls1 ) a new expression & purpose giv5 to !m1 l ! blocks ( unsubdu$ rocks 7to g back to our =m] simile7 :i* we f9d 9 ! he>t ( ! lava curr5t1 great witnesses to ! p[] :i* has fus$ all b ^? calc9$ fragm5ts into ! mass ( its homog5e\s fire4 ,v4 ,x w be ask$1 ,h[ is imitation to be r5d]$ heal?y & vital8 ,unhappily1 :ile x is easy to enum]ate ! signs ( life1 x is impossible to def9e or to communicate life2 & :ile e intellig5t writ] on ,art has insi/$ on ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! copy+ f\nd 9 an advanc+ or rec$5t p]iod1 none h be5 able to communicate1 9 ! slighte/ degree1 ! =ce ( vitality to ! copyi/ ov] :om !y might h influ5ce4 ,yet x is at lea/ int]e/+1 if n pr(itable1 to note t two v di/+ui%+ *>act]s ( vital imitation are1 its ,frankness & its ,audacity2 its ,frankness is especially s+ul>2 !re is nev] any ef=t to conceal ! degree ( ! s\rces ( its borr[+4 ,raffaelle c>ries (f a :ole figure f ,masaccio1 or borr[s an entire composition f ,p]ug9o1 ) z mu* tranquillity & simplicity ( innoc5ce z a "y ,sp>tan pickpocket2 & ! ar*itect ( a ,romanesque basilica ga!r$ 8 columns & capitals :]e he c\ld f9d !m1 z an ant picks up /icks4 ,!re is at lea/ a presumption1 :5 we f9d ?is frank acceptance1 t !re is a s5se )9 ! m9d ( p[] capable ( trans=m+ & r5ew+ :atev] x adopts2 & too consci\s1 too exalt$1 to fe> ! accusation ( plagi>ism1--too c]ta9 t x c prove1 & has prov$1 its indep5d5ce1 to be afraid ( express+ its homage to :at x admires 9 ! mo/ op5 & indubitable way2 & ! necess>y consequ5ce ( ?is s5se ( p[] is ! o!r sign ,i h nam$--! ,audacity ( treatm5t :5 x f9ds treatm5t necess>y1 ! unhesitat+ & sweep+ sacrifice ( prec$5t :]e prec$5t becomes inconv5i5t4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! *>act]i/ic =ms ( ,italian ,romanesque1 9 :i* ! hypae?ral portion ( ! hea!n temple 0 replac$ by ! t[]+ nave1 & :]e1 9 consequ5ce1 ! p$im5t ( ! we/ front became divid$ into ?ree portions1 ( :i* ! c5tral "o1 l ! apex ( a ridge ( slop+ /rata lift$ by a sudd5 fault1 0 brok5 away f & rais$ above ! w+s2 !re rema9$ at ! extremities ( ! aisles two triangul> fragm5ts ( p$im5t1 :i* c\ld n n[ be fill$ by any ( ! modes ( decoration adapt$ = ! unbrok5 space2 & ! difficulty became great] :5 ! c5tral portion ( ! front 0 occupi$ by column> ranges1 :i* c\ld n1 )\t pa9ful abruptness1 t]m9ate %ort ( ! extremities ( ! w+s4 ,i "k n :at exp$i5t w\ld h be5 adopt$ by ar*itects :o _h mu* respect = prec$5t1 "u su* circum/ances1 b x c]ta9ly w\ld n h be5 t ( ! ,pisan1--to cont9ue ! range ( columns into ! p$im5tal space1 %ort5+ !m to its extremity until ! %aft ( ! la/ column vani%$ altoge!r1 & !re rema9$ only its capital re/+ 9 ! angle on its basic pl9?4 ,i raise no "q at pres5t :e!r ?is arrangem5t be graceful or o!rwise2 ,i allege x only z an in/ance ( boldness almo/ )\t a p>allel1 ca/+ aside e receiv$ pr9ciple t /ood 9 its way1 & /ruggl+ ?r\gh e discordance & difficulty to ! fulfilm5t ( its own in/9cts4 ,,vi4 ,frankness1 h[ev]1 is 9 itself no excuse = repetition1 nor audacity = innovation1 :5 ! "o is indol5t & ! o!r unwise4 ,nobl] & sur] signs ( vitality mu/ be s\ght1--signs indep5d5t alike ( ! decorative or orig9al "* ( ! /yle1 & con/ant 9 e /yle t is det]m9$ly progressive4 ,( ^!1 "o ( ! mo/ important ,i believe to be a c]ta9 neglect or contempt ( ref9em5t 9 execution1 or1 at all ev5ts1 a visible subord9ation ( execution to conception1 commonly involunt>y1 b n unfrequ5tly int5tional4 ,?is is a po9t1 h[ev]1 on :i*1 :ile ,i speak confid5tly1 ,i mu/ at ! same "t res]v$ly & c>efully1 z !re w\ld o!rwise be mu* *ance ( my be+ dang]\sly misund]/ood4 ,x has be5 truly obs]v$ & well /at$ by ,"l ,l9dsay1 t ! be/ design]s ( ,italy 7 also ! mo/ c>eful 9 _! workman%ip2 & t ! /ability & f9i% ( _! masonry1 mosaic1 or o!r "w :atsoev]1 7 always p]fect 9 proportion to ! app>5t improbability ( ! great design]s condesc5d+ to ! c>e ( details among u s despis$4 ,n only d ,i fully admit & re-ass]t ?is mo/ important fact1 b ,i w\ld insi/ ^u p]fect & mo/ delicate f9i% 9 its "r place1 z a *>act]i/ic ( all ! highe/ s*ools ( ar*itecture1 z mu* z x is ^? ( pa9t+4 ,b on ! o!r h&1 z p]fect f9i% belongs to ! p]fect$ art1 a progressive f9i% belongs to progressive art2 & ,i d n ?9k t any m fatal sign ( a /upor or numbness settl+ ^u t undevelop$ art c\ld possibly be detect$1 ?an t x _h be5 tak5 aback by its own execution1 & t ! workman%ip _h gone ahead ( ! design2 :ile1 ev5 9 my admission ( absolute f9i% 9 ! "r place1 z an attribute ( ! p]fect$ s*ool1 ,i mu/ res]ve to myself ! "r ( answ]+ 9 my own way ! two v important que/ions1 :at is f9i%8 & :at is its "r place8 ,,vii4 ,b 9 illu/rat+ ei!r ( ^! po9ts1 we mu/ rememb] t ! correspond5ce ( workman%ip ) ?\ght is1 9 exi/5t examples1 int]f]$ ) by ! adoption ( ! designs ( an advanc$ p]iod by ! workm5 ( a rude "o4 ,all ! beg9n+s ( ,*ri/ian ar*itecture are ( ?is k9d1 & ! necess>y consequ5ce is ( c\rse an increase ( ! visible int]val betwe5 ! p[] ( realisation & ! beauty ( ! idea4 ,we h at fir/ an imitation1 almo/ savage 9 its rud5ess1 ( a classical design2 z ! art advances1 ! design is modifi$ by a mixture ( ,go?ic grotesqu5ess1 & ! execution m complete1 until a h>mony is e/abli%$ betwe5 ! two1 9 :i* balance !y advance to new p]fection4 ,n[ dur+ ! :ole p]iod 9 :i* ! gr\nd is be+ recov]$1 !re w be f\nd 9 ! liv+ ar*itecture m>ks n to be mi/ak51 ( int5se impati5ce2 a /ruggle t[>ds some?+ unatta9$1 :i* causes all m9or po9ts ( h&l+ to be neglect$2 & a re/less disda9 ( all qualities :i* appe> ei!r to confess cont5tm5t or to require a "t & c>e :i* might be bett] sp5t4 ,&1 exactly z a good & e>ne/ /ud5t ( draw+ w n lose "t 9 rul+ l9es or f9i%+ backgr\nds ab\t /udies :i*1 :ile !y h answ]$ 8 imm$iate purpose1 he kn[s to be imp]fect & inf]ior to :at he w d h]eaft]1--s ! vigor ( a true s*ool ( e>ly ar*itecture1 :i* is ei!r work+ "u ! influ5ce ( high example or :i* is itself 9 a /ate ( rapid developm5t1 is v curi\sly traceable1 among o!r signs1 9 ! contempt ( exact symmetry & measurem5t1 :i* 9 dead ar*itecture are ! mo/ pa9ful necessities4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xii4--7,page #adi--,vol4 ,v47 ,,fragm5ts ,,f ,,abbeville1 ,,lucca1 ,,v5ice1 ,,& ,,pisa4 ,,viii4 ,9 ,plate ,,xii4 fig4 #a ,i h giv5 a mo/ s+ul> in/ance bo? ( rude execution & defi$ symmetry1 9 ! little pill> & sp&ril f a panel decoration "u ! pulpit ( ,/4 ,m>k's at ,v5ice4 ,! imp]fection 7n m]ely simplicity1 b actual rud5ess & ugl9ess7 ( ! leaf ornam5t w /rike ! eye at once3 ?is is g5]al 9 works ( ! "t1 b x is n s common to f9d a capital :i* has be5 s c>elessly cut2 its imp]fect volutes be+ pu%$ up "o side f> high] ?an on ! o!r1 & contract$ on t side1 an additional drill hole be+ put 9 to fill ! space2 besides ?is1 ! memb] a1 ( ! m\ld+s1 is a roll :]e x foll[s ! ar*1 & a flat fillet at a2 ! "o be+ slurr$ into ! o!r at ! angle b1 & f9ally /opp$ %ort altoge!r at ! o!r side by ! mo/ unc\rte\s & remorseless int]f]5ce ( ! out] m\ld+3 & 9 spite ( all ?is1 ! grace1 proportion1 & feel+ ( ! :ole arrangem5t are s great1 t1 9 its place1 x leaves no?+ to be desir$2 all ! sci5ce & symmetry 9 ! _w c\ld n beat x4 ,9 fig4 #d ,i h endeavor$ to give "s idea ( ! execution ( ! subord9ate portions ( a mu* high] "w1 ! pulpit ( ,/4 ,&rea at ,pi/oja1 by ,nicolo ,pisano4 ,x is cov]$ ) figure sculptures1 execut$ ) great c>e & delicacy2 b :5 ! sculptor came to ! simple ar* m\ld+s1 he did n *oose to draw ! eye to !m by ov] precision ( "w or ov] %>pness ( %ad[4 ,! section adopt$1 k1 m1 is peculi>ly simple1 & s slight & obtuse 9 its recessions z nev] to produce a %>p l9e2 & x is work$ ) :at at fir/ appe>s slov5l9ess1 b x is 9 fact sculptural sket*+2 exactly correspond5t to a pa9t]'s light execution ( a backgr\nd3 ! l9es appe> & disappe> aga91 are sometimes deep1 sometimes %all[1 sometimes q brok5 (f2 & ! recession ( ! cusp jo9s t ( ! ext]nal ar* at n1 9 ! mo/ fe>less defiance ( all ma!matical laws ( curvil9e> contact4 ,,ix4 ,!re is some?+ v delightful 9 ?is bold expression ( ! m9d ( ! great ma/]4 ,i d n say t x is ! p]fect "w ( pati5ce1 b ,i ?9k t impati5ce is a glori\s "* 9 an advanc+ s*ool2 & ,i love ! ,romanesque & e>ly ,go?ic especially1 because !y af=d s mu* room = x2 accid5tal c>elessness ( measurem5t or ( execution be+ m+l$ undi/+ui%ably ) ! purpos$ dep>tures f symmetrical regul>ity1 & ! luxuri\sness ( p]petually v>iable fancy1 :i* are em95tly *>act]i/ic ( bo? /yles4 ,h[ great1 h[ frequ5t !y are1 & h[ brightly ! sev]ity ( ar*itectural law is reliev$ by _! grace & sudd5ness1 has n1 ,i ?9k1 be5 en\gh obs]v$2 /ill less1 ! unequal measurem5ts ( ev5 important features pr(ess+ to be absolutely symmetrical4 ,i am n s famili> ) mod]n practice z to speak ) confid5ce respect+ its ord9>y precision2 b ,i imag9e t ! foll[+ measures ( ! we/]n front ( ! ca!dral ( ,pisa1 w\ld be look$ ^u by pres5t ar*itects z v blund]+ approximations4 ,t front is divid$ into sev5 ar*$ comp>tm5ts1 ( :i* ! second1 f\r? or c5tral1 & six? conta9 doors2 ! sev5 are 9 a mo/ subtle alt]nat+ proportion2 ! c5tral be+ ! l>ge/1 next to x ! second & six?1 !n ! fir/ & sev5?1 la/ly ! ?ird & fif?4 ,by ?is arrangem5t1 ( c\rse1 ^! ?ree pairs %\ld be equal2 & !y are s to ! eye1 b ,i f\nd _! actual measures to be ! foll[+1 tak5 f pill> to pill>1 9 ,italian braccia1 palmi 7f\r in*es ea*71 & in*es3-- ,braccia4 ,palmi4 ,in*es4 ,total 9 in*es4 #a4 ,c5tral door #h #j #j #aib #b4 ,nor!rn door #f #c #a-a_/b #aeg-a_/b #c4 ,s\!rn door #f #d #c #afc #d4 ,extreme nor!rn space #e #e #c-a_/b #adc-a_/b #e4 ,extreme s\!rn space #f #a #j-a_/b #adh-a_/b #f4 ,nor!rn int]vals betwe5 ! doors #e #b #a #abi #g4 ,s\!rn int]vals betwe5 ! doors #e #b #a-a_/b #abi-a_/b ,!re is ?us a diff]5ce1 sev]ally1 betwe5 #b1 #c & #d1 #e1 ( five in*es & a half 9 ! "o case1 & five in*es 9 ! o!r4 ,x4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 may p]haps be p>tly attributable to "s accommodation ( ! accid5tal di/ortions :i* evid5tly took place 9 ! walls ( ! ca!dral dur+ _! build+1 z mu* z 9 ^? ( ! campanile4 ,to my m9d1 ^? ( ! ,duomo are f> ! mo/ wond]ful ( ! two3 ,i d n believe t a s+le pill> ( its walls is absolutely v]tical3 ! pavem5t rises & falls to diff]5t heights1 or r ! pl9? ( ! walls s9ks into x cont9ually to diff]5t dep?s1 ! :ole we/ front lit]ally ov]hangs 7,i h n plumb$ x2 b ! incl9ation may be se5 by ! eye1 by br++ x into visual contact ) ! upright pila/]s ( ! ,campo ,santo73 & a mo/ extraord9>y di/ortion 9 ! masonry ( ! s\!rn wall %[s t ?is incl9ation _h begun :5 ! fir/ /ory 0 built4 ,! cornice above ! fir/ arcade ( t wall t\*es ! tops ( elev5 out ( its fifte5 ar*es2 b x sudd5ly leaves ! tops ( ! f\r we/]nmo/2 ! ar*es nodd+ we/w>d & s9k+ into ! gr\nd1 :ile ! cornice rises 7or seems to rise71 leav+ at any rate1 :e!r by ! rise ( ! "o or ! fall ( ! o!r1 an int]val ( m ?an two feet betwe5 x & ! top ( ! we/]n ar*1 fill$ by add$ c\rses ( masonry4 ,!re is ano!r v curi\s evid5ce ( ?is /ruggle ( ! ar*itect ) 8 yield+ wall 9 ! columns ( ! ma9 entrance4 7,^! notices are p]haps some:at irrelevant to our imm$iate subject1 b !y appe> to me highly int]e/+2 & !y1 at all ev5ts1 prove "o ( ! po9ts on :i* ,i w\ld insi/1--h[ mu* ( imp]fection & v>iety 9 ?+s pr(ess+ to be symmetrical ! eyes ( ^? eag] build]s c\ld endure3 !y look$ to lovel9ess 9 detail1 to nobility 9 ! :ole1 nev] to petty measurem5ts47 ,^? columns ( ! pr9cipal entrance are among ! lovelie/ 9 ,italy2 cyl9drical1 & decorat$ ) a ri* arabesque ( sculptur$ foliage1 :i* at ! base ext5ds ne>ly all r\nd !m1 up to ! black pila/] 9 :i* !y are lightly engag$3 b ! %ield ( foliage1 b\nd$ by a sev]e l9e1 n>r[s to _! tops1 :]e x cov]s _! frontal segm5t only2 ?us giv+1 :5 lat]ally se51 a t]m9al l9e slop+ boldly outw>ds1 :i*1 z ,i ?9k1 0 meant to conceal ! accid5tal lean+ ( ! we/]n walls1 &1 by its exagg]at$ incl9ation 9 ! same direction1 to ?r[ !m by comp>ison into a seem+ v]tical4 ,,xi4 ,!re is ano!r v curi\s in/ance ( di/ortion above ! c5tral door ( ! we/ front4 ,all ! int]vals betwe5 ! sev5 ar*es are fill$ ) black m>ble1 ea* conta9+ 9 its c5tre a :ite p>allelogram fill$ ) animal mosaics1 & ! :ole surm\nt$ by a broad :ite b&1 :i*1 g5]ally1 does n t\* ! p>allelogram bel[4 ,b ! p>allelogram on ! nor? ( ! c5tral ar* has be5 =c$ into an oblique position1 & t\*es ! :ite b&2 &1 z if ! ar*itect 0 det]m9$ to %[ t he did n c>e :e!r x did or n1 ! :ite b& sudd5ly gets ?ick] at t place1 & rema9s s ov] ! two next ar*es4 ,& ^! diff]5ces are ! m curi\s because ! workman%ip ( !m all is mo/ f9i%$ & ma/]ly1 & ! di/ort$ /ones are fitt$ ) z mu* neatness z if !y talli$ to a hair's bread?4 ,!re is no look ( slurr+ or blund]+ ab\t x2 x is all coolly fill$ 91 z if ! build] _h no s5se ( any?+ be+ wrong or extraord9>y3 ,i only wi% we _h a little ( 8 impud5ce4 ,,xii4 ,/ill1 ! read] w say t all ^! v>iations are probably dep5d5t m on ! bad f\ndation ?an on ! ar*itect's feel+4 ,n s ! exquisite delicacies ( *ange 9 ! proportions & dim5sions ( ! app>5tly symmetrical arcades ( ! we/ front4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ,i said ! t[] ( ,pisa 0 ! only ugly t[] 9 ,italy1 because its ti]s 7 equal1 or ne>ly s1 9 height2 a fault ?is1 s contr>y to ! _s ( ! build]s ( ! "t1 t x c be consid]$ only z an unlucky caprice4 ,p]haps ! g5]al aspect ( ! we/ front ( ! ca!dral may !n h occurr$ to ! read]'s m9d1 z seem+ly ano!r contradiction ( ! rule ,i _h advanc$4 ,x w\ld n h be5 s1 h[ev]1 ev5 _h its f\r upp] arcades be5 actually equal2 z !y are subord9at$ to ! great sev5-ar*$ l[] /ory1 9 ! mann] be=e notic$ respect+ ! spire ( ,salisbury1 & z is actually ! case 9 ! ,duomo ( ,lucca & ,t[] ( ,pi/oja4 ,b ! ,pisan front is f> m subtly proportion$4 ,n "o ( its f\r arcades is ( l height ) ano!r4 ,! highe/ is ! ?ird1 c\nt+ upw>ds2 & !y dim9i% 9 ne>ly ari?metical proportion alt]nately2 9 ! ord] #crd1 #a/1 #bnd1 #d?4 ,! inequalities 9 _! ar*es are n less rem>kable3 !y at fir/ /rike ! eye z all equal2 b !re is a grace ab\t !m :i* equality nev] obta9$3 on clos] obs]vation1 x is p]ceiv$ t 9 ! fir/ r[ ( n9ete5 ar*es1 eighte5 are equal1 & ! c5tral "o l>g] ?an ! re/2 9 ! second arcade1 ! n9e c5tral ar*es /& ov] ! n9e bel[1 hav+1 l !m1 ! n9? c5tral "o l>ge/4 ,b on _! flanks1 :]e is ! slope ( ! %\ld]-l p$im5t1 ! ar*es vani%1 & a w$ge-%ap$ frieze takes _! place1 tap]+ outw>ds1 9 ord] to all[ ! columns to be c>ri$ to ! extremity ( ! p$im5t2 & "h1 :]e ! heights ( ! %afts are s f> %ort5$1 !y are set ?ick]2 five %afts1 or r f\r & a capital1 above1 to f\r ( ! arcade bel[1 giv+ tw5ty-"o int]vals in/ead ( n9ete54 ,9 ! next or ?ird arcade1--:i*1 rememb]1 is ! highe/1--eight ar*es1 all equal1 are giv5 9 ! space ( ! n9e bel[1 s t !re is n[ a c5tral %aft in/ead ( a c5tral ar*1 & ! span ( ! ar*es is increas$ 9 proportion to _! increas$ height4 ,f9ally1 9 ! upp]mo/ arcade1 :i* is ! l[e/ ( all1 ! ar*es1 ! same 9 numb] z ^? bel[1 are n>r[] ?an any ( ! facade2 ! :ole eight go+ v ne>ly above ! six bel[ !m1 :ile ! t]m9al ar*es ( ! l[] arcade are surm\nt$ by flank+ masses ( decorat$ wall ) project+ figures4 ,,xiv4 ,n[ ,i call t ,liv+ ,ar*itecture4 ,!re is s5sation 9 e in* ( x1 & an accommodation to e ar*itectural necessity1 ) a det]m9$ v>iation 9 arrangem5t1 :i* is exactly l ! relat$ proportions & provisions 9 ! /ructure ( organic =m4 ,i h n space to exam9e ! /ill loveli] proportion+ ( ! ext]nal %afts ( ! apse ( ?is m>vell\s build+4 ,i pref]1 le/ ! read] %\ld ?9k x a peculi> example1 to /ate ! /ructure ( ano!r *ur*1 ! mo/ graceful & gr& piece ( ,romanesque "w1 z a fragm5t1 9 nor? ,italy1 t ( ,san ,giovanni ,evangeli/a at ,pi/oja4 ,! side ( t *ur* has ?ree /ories ( arcade1 dim9i%+ 9 height 9 bold geometrical proportion1 :ile ! ar*es1 = ! mo/ "p1 increase 9 numb] 9 ari?metical1 i4e4 two 9 ! second arcade1 & ?ree 9 ! ?ird1 to "o 9 ! fir/4 ,le/1 h[ev]1 ?is arrangem5t %\ld be too =mal1 ( ! f\rte5 ar*es 9 ! l[e/ s]ies1 t :i* conta9s ! door is made l>g] ?an ! re/1 & is n 9 ! middle1 b ! six? f ! ,we/1 leav+ five on "o side & eight on ! o!r4 ,f>!r3 ?is l[e/ arcade is t]m9at$ by broad flat pila/]s1 ab\t half ! wid? ( its ar*es2 b ! arcade above is cont9u\s2 only ! two extreme ar*es at ! we/ end are made l>g] ?an all ! re/1 & in/ead ( com+1 z !y %\ld1 into ! space ( ! l[] extreme ar*1 take 9 bo? x & its broad pila/]4 ,ev5 ?is1 h[ev]1 0 n out ( ord] en\gh to satisfy ! ar*itect's eye2 = !re 7 /ill two ar*es above to ea* s+le "o bel[3 s at ! ea/ end1 :]e !re are m ar*es1 & ! eye might be m easily *eat$1 :at does he d b n>r[ ! two extreme l[] ar*es by half a braccio2 :ile he at ! same "t slightly enl>g$ ! upp] ones1 s z to get only sev5te5 upp] to n9e l[]1 in/ead ( eighte5 to n9e4 ,! eye is ?us ?or\ghly confus$1 & ! :ole build+ ?r[n into "o mass1 by ! curi\s v>iations 9 ! adju/m5ts ( ! sup]impos$ %afts1 n "o ( :i* is ei!r exactly 9 nor positively out ( its place2 &1 to get ?is manag$ ! m cunn+ly1 !re is f an in* to an in* & a half ( gradual ga9 9 ! space ( ! f\r ea/]n ar*es1 besides ! confess$ half braccio4 ,_! measures1 c\nt+ f ! ea/1 ,i f\nd z foll[s3-- ,braccia4 ,palmi4 ,in*es4 #a/ #c #j #a #bnd #c #j #b #crd #c #c #b #d? #c #c #c-a_/b ,! upp] arcade is manag$ on ! same pr9ciple2 x looks at fir/ z if !re 7 ?ree ar*es to ea* "u pair2 b !re are1 9 reality1 only ?irty-eight 7or ?irty-sev51 ,i am n q c]ta9 ( ?is numb]7 to ! tw5ty-sev5 bel[2 & ! columns get into all mann] ( relative positions4 ,ev5 !n1 ! build] 0 n satisfi$1 b mu/ ne$s c>ry ! irregul>ity into ! spr+ ( ! ar*es1 & actually1 :ile ! g5]al effect is ( a symmetrical arcade1 !re is n "o ( ! ar*es ! same 9 height z ano!r2 _! tops undulate all along ! wall l waves along a h>bor quay1 "s ne>ly t\*+ ! /r+ c\rse above1 & o!rs fall+ f x z mu* z five or six in*es4 ,,xiv4 ,let u next exam9e ! plan ( ! we/ front ( ,/4 ,m>k's at ,v5ice1 :i*1 ?\gh 9 _m respects imp]fect1 is 9 its proportions1 & z a piece ( ri* & fanta/ic color1 z lovely a dream z ev] fill$ human imag9ation4 ,x may1 p]haps1 h[ev]1 int]e/ ! read] to he> "o opposite op9ion ^u ?is subject1 & aft] :at has be5 urg$ 9 ! prec$+ pages respect+ proportion 9 g5]al1 m especially respect+ ! wrongness ( balanc$ ca!dral t[]s & o!r regul> designs1 toge!r ) my frequ5t ref]5ces to ! ,doge's palace1 & campanile ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 z models ( p]fection1 & my praise ( ! =m] especially z project+ above its second arcade1 ! foll[+ extracts f ! j\rnal ( ,wood ! ar*itect1 writt5 on 8 arrival at ,v5ice1 may h a pleas+ fre%ness 9 !m1 & may %[ t ,i h n be5 /at+ pr9ciples altoge!r trite or accept$4 ,! /range look+ *ur*1 & ! great ugly campanile1 c\ld n be mi/ak54 ,! ext]ior ( ?is *ur* surprises y by its extreme ugl9ess1 m ?an by any?+ else4 ,! ,ducal ,palace is ev5 m ugly ?an any?+ ,i h previ\sly m5tion$4 ,consid]$ 9 detail1 ,i c imag9e no alt]ation to make x tol]able2 b if ?is l(ty wall _h be5 set back beh9d ! two /ories ( little ar*es1 x w\ld h be5 a v noble production4 ,aft] m obs]vations on a c]ta9 ju/ness ( proportion1 & on ! appe>ance ( ri*es & p[] 9 ! *ur*1 to :i* he ascribes a pleas+ effect1 he goes on3 ,"s p]sons are ( op9ion t irregul>ity is a necess>y "p ( its excell5ce4 ,i am decid$ly ( a contr>y op9ion1 & am conv9c$ t a regul> design ( ! same sort w\ld be f> sup]ior4 ,let an oblong ( good ar*itecture1 b n v %[y1 conduct to a f9e ca!dral1 :i* %\ld appe> betwe5 two l(ty t[]s & h two obelisks 9 front1 & on ea* side ( ?is ca!dral let o!r squ>es p>tially op5 into ! fir/1 & "o ( ^! ext5d d[n to a h>bor or sea %ore1 & y w\ld h a sc5e :i* might *all5ge any ?+ 9 exi/5ce4 ,:y ,mr4 ,wood 0 unable to enjoy ! color ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 or p]ceive ! maje/y ( ! ,ducal ,palace1 ! read] w see aft] read+ ! two foll[+ extracts reg>d+ ! ,c>acci & ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,! pictures "h 7,bologna7 are to my ta/e f> pref]able to ^? ( ,v5ice1 = if ! ,v5etian s*ool surpass 9 color+1 &1 p]haps1 9 composition1 ! ,bolognese is decid$ly sup]ior 9 draw+ & expression1 & ! ,c>accis %9e "h l ,gods4 ,:at is x t is s mu* admir$ 9 ?is arti/ 7,m4 ,angelo78 ,"s cont5d = a gr&eur ( composition 9 ! l9es & disposition ( ! figures2 ?is1 ,i confess1 ,i d n compreh5d2 yet1 :ile ,i ackn[l$ge ! beauty ( c]ta9 =ms & proportions 9 ar*itecture1 ,i _c consi/5tly d5y t simil> m]its may exi/ 9 pa9t+1 ?\gh ,i am un=tunately unable to appreciate !m4 ,i ?9k ^! passages v valuable1 z %[+ ! effect ( a contract$ k & false ta/e 9 pa9t+ ^u an ar*itect's und]/&+ ( 8 own art2 & especially ) :at curi\s notions1 or lack ( notions1 ab\t proportion1 t art has be5 sometimes practis$4 ,= ,mr4 ,wood is by no means un9tellig5t 9 8 obs]vations g5]ally1 & 8 criticisms on classical art are (t5 mo/ valuable4 ,b ^? :o love ,titian bett] ?an ! ,c>acci1 & :o see some?+ to admire 9 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 w1 p]haps1 be will+ to proce$ ) me to a *>itable exam9ation ( ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,=1 al?\gh1 ! pres5t c\rse ( ,european ev5ts af=ds u "s *ance ( see+ ! *anges propos$ by ,mr4 ,wood c>ri$ into execution1 we may /ill e/eem ourselves =tunate 9 hav+ fir/ kn[n h[ x 0 left by ! build]s ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,,xv4 ,! entire front is compos$ ( an upp] & l[] s]ies ( ar*es1 enclos+ spaces ( wall decorat$ ) mosaic1 & support$ on ranges ( %afts ( :i*1 9 ! l[] s]ies ( ar*es1 !re is an upp] range sup]impos$ on a l[]4 ,?us we h five v]tical divisions ( ! facade2 i4e4 two ti]s ( %afts1 & ! ar*$ wall !y be>1 bel[2 "o ti] ( %afts1 & ! ar*$ wall !y be>1 above4 ,9 ord]1 h[ev]1 to b9d ! two ma9 divisions toge!r1 ! c5tral l[] ar* 7! ma9 entrance7 rises above ! level ( ! gall]y & balu/rade :i* cr[n ! lat]al ar*es4 ,! proportion+ ( ! columns & walls ( ! l[] /ory is s lovely & s v>i$1 t x w\ld ne$ pages ( description be=e x c\ld be fully und]/ood2 b x may be g5]ally /at$ ?us3 ,! height ( ! l[] %afts1 upp] %afts1 & wall1 be+ sev]ally express$ by a1 b1 & c1 !n a3c33c3b 7a be+ ! highe/72 & ! diamet] ( %aft b is g5]ally to ! diamet] ( %aft a z height b is to height a1 or some?+ less1 all[+ = ! l>ge pl9? :i* dim9i%es ! app>5t height ( ! upp] %aft3 & :5 ?is is _! proportion ( wid?1 "o %aft above is put above "o bel[1 ) sometimes ano!r upp] %aft int]pos$3 b 9 ! extreme ar*es a s+le "u %aft be>s two upp]1 proportion$ z truly z ! b\ghs ( a tree2 t is to say1 ! diamet] ( ea* upp] #b_/c ( l[]4 ,!re be+ ?us ! ?ree t]ms ( proportion ga9$ 9 ! l[] /ory1 ! upp]1 :ile x is only divid$ into two ma9 memb]s1 9 ord] t ! :ole height may n be divid$ into an ev5 numb]1 has ! ?ird t]m add$ 9 its p9nacles4 ,s f> ( ! v]tical division4 ,! lat]al is /ill m subtle4 ,!re are sev5 ar*es 9 ! l[] /ory2 &1 call+ ! c5tral ar* a1 & c\nt+ to ! extremity1 !y dim9i% 9 ! alt]nate ord] a1 c1 b1 d4 ,! upp] /ory has five ar*es1 & two add$ p9nacles2 & ^! dim9i% 9 regul> ord]1 ! c5tral be+ ! l>ge/1 & ! out]mo/ ! lea/4 ,h5ce1 :ile "o proportion asc5ds1 ano!r desc5ds1 l p>ts 9 music2 & yet ! pyramidal =m is secur$ = ! :ole1 &1 :i* 0 ano!r great po9t ( att5tion1 none ( ! %afts ( ! upp] ar*es /& ov] ^? ( ! l[]4 ,,xvi4 ,x might h be5 ?\ght t1 by ?is plan1 en\gh v>iety _h be5 secur$1 b ! build] 0 n satisfi$ ev5 ?us3 =--& ?is is ! po9t be>+ on ! pres5t "p ( our subject--always call+ ! c5tral ar* a1 & ! lat]al ones b & c 9 succession1 ! nor!rn b & c are consid]ably wid] ?an ! s\!rn b & c1 b ! s\!rn d is z mu* wid] ?an ! nor!rn d1 & l[] b5ea? its cornice besides2 &1 m ?an ?is1 ,i h>dly believe t "o ( ! effectively symmetrical memb]s ( ! facade is actually symmetrical ) any o!r4 ,i regret t ,i _c /ate ! actual measures4 ,i gave up ! tak+ !m ^u ! spot1 ow+ to _! excessive complexity1 & ! emb>rassm5t caus$ by ! yield+ & subsid5ce ( ! ar*es4 ,d n let x be suppos$ t ,i imag9e ! ,byzant9e workm5 to h _h ^! v>i\s pr9ciples 9 _! m9ds z !y built4 ,i believe !y built altoge!r f feel+1 & t x 0 because !y did s1 t !re is ?is m>vell\s life1 *angefulness1 & subtlety runn+ ?r\gh _! e arrangem5t2 & t we reason ^u ! lovely build+ z we %\ld ^u "s fair gr[? ( ! trees ( ! e>?1 t "k n _! own beauty4 ,,xvii4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 a /rang] in/ance ?an any ,i h yet giv51 ( ! d>+ v>iation ( pret5d$ symmetry1 is f\nd 9 ! front ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,bayeux4 ,x consi/s ( five ar*es ) /eep p$im5ts1 ! out]mo/ fill$1 ! ?ree c5tral ) doors2 & !y appe>1 at fir/1 to dim9i% 9 regul> proportion f ! pr9cipal "o 9 ! c5tre4 ,! two lat]al doors are v curi\sly manag$4 ,! tympana ( _! ar*es are fill$ ) bas-reliefs1 9 f\r ti]s2 9 ! l[e/ ti] !re is 9 ea* a little temple or gate conta9+ ! pr9cipal figure 79 t on ! "r1 x is ! gate ( ,hades ) ,lucif]74 ,?is little temple is c>ri$1 l a capital1 by an isolat$ %aft :i* divides ! :ole ar* at ab\t #b_/c ( its bread?1 ! l>g] portion outmo/2 & 9 t l>g] portion is ! inn] entrance door4 ,?is exact correspond5ce1 9 ! treatm5t ( bo? gates1 might lead u to expect a correspond5ce 9 dim5sion4 ,n at all4 ,! small inn] nor!rn entrance measures1 9 ,engli% feet & in*es1 #d ft4 #g 94 f jamb to jamb1 & ! s\!rn five feet exactly4 ,five in*es 9 five feet is a consid]able v>iation4 ,! out] nor!rn por* measures1 f face %aft to face %aft1 #ac ft4 #aa 941 & ! s\!rn1 #ad ft4 #f 942 giv+ a diff]5ce ( #g 94 on #ad-a_/b ft4 ,!re are also v>iations 9 ! p$im5t decorations n less extraord9>y4 ,,xviii4 ,i imag9e ,i h giv5 in/ances en\gh1 ?\gh ,i c\ld multiply !m indef9itely1 to prove t ^! v>iations are n m]e blund]s1 nor c>elessnesses1 b ! result ( a fix$ scorn1 if n dislike1 ( accuracy 9 measurem5ts2 &1 9 mo/ cases1 ,i believe1 ( a det]m9$ resolution to "w out an effective symmetry by v>iations z subtle z ^? ( ,nature4 ,to :at l5g?s ?is pr9ciple 0 sometimes c>ri$1 we %all see by ! v s+ul> managem5t ( ! t[]s ( ,abbeville4 ,i d n say x is "r1 /ill less t x is wrong1 b x is a wond]ful pro( ( ! fe>lessness ( a liv+ ar*itecture2 =1 say :at we w ( x1 t ,flamboyant ( ,france1 h[ev] morbid1 0 z vivid & int5se 9 its animation z ev] any phase ( mortal m9d2 & x w\ld h liv$ till n[1 if x _h n tak5 to tell+ lies4 ,i h be=e notic$ ! g5]al difficulty ( manag+ ev5 lat]al division1 :5 x is into two equal p>ts1 unless !re be "s ?ird reconcil+ memb]4 ,i %all give1 h]eaft]1 m examples ( ! modes 9 :i* ?is reconciliation is effect$ 9 t[]s ) d\ble lights3 ! ,abbeville ar*itect put 8 sword to ! knot p]haps r too %>ply4 ,vex$ by ! want ( unity betwe5 8 two w9d[s he lit]ally laid _! heads toge!r1 & s di/ort$ _! ogee curves1 z to leave only "o ( ! trefoil$ panels above1 on ! inn] side1 & ?ree on ! out] side ( ea* ar*4 ,! arrangem5t is giv5 9 ,plate ,,xii4 fig4 #c4 ,associat$ ) ! v>i\s undulation ( flamboyant curves bel[1 x is 9 ! real t[] h>dly obs]v$1 :ile x b9ds x into "o mass 9 g5]al effect4 ,grant+ x1 h[ev]1 to be ugly & wrong1 ,i l s9s ( ! k9d1 = ! sake ( ! c\rage x requires to commit !m4 ,9 plate ,,ii4 7"p ( a small *apel atta*$ to ! ,we/ front ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,lo71 ! read] w see an in/ance1 f ! same ar*itecture1 ( a violation ( its own pr9ciples1 = ! sake ( a peculi> mean+4 ,if !re be any "o feature :i* ! flamboyant ar*itect lov$ to decorate ri*ly1 x 0 ! ni*e--x 0 :at ! capital is to ! ,cor9?ian ord]2 yet 9 ! case be=e u !re is an ugly beehive put 9 ! place ( ! pr9cipal ni*e ( ! ar*4 ,i am n sure if ,i am "r 9 my int]pretation ( its mean+1 b ,i h little d\bt t two figures bel[1 n[ brok5 away1 once repres5t$ an ,annunciation2 & on ano!r "p ( ! same ca!dral1 ,i f9d ! desc5t ( ! ,_s1 encompass$ by rays ( light1 repres5t$ v ne>ly 9 ! =m ( ! ni*e 9 "q2 :i* appe>s1 !re=e1 to be int5d$ = a repres5tation ( ?is effulg5ce1 :ile at ! same "t x 0 made a canopy = ! delicate figures bel[4 ,:e!r ?is 0 its mean+ or n1 x is rem>kable z a d>+ dep>ture f ! common habits ( ! "t4 ,,xix4 ,f> m spl5did is a lic5se tak5 ) ! ni*e decoration ( ! portal ( ,/4 ,macl\ at ,r\54 ,! subject ( ! tympanum bas-relief is ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 & ! sculpture ( ! inf]no side is c>ri$ out ) a degree ( p[] ^: fe>ful grotesqu5ess ,i c only describe z a m+l+ ( ! m9ds ( ,orcagna & ,hog>?4 ,! demons are p]haps ev5 m awful ?an ,orcagna's2 &1 9 "s ( ! expressions ( debas$ humanity 9 its utmo/ despair1 ! ,engli% pa9t] is at lea/ equall$4 ,n less wild is ! imag9ation :i* gives fury & fe> ev5 to ! plac+ ( ! figures4 ,an evil angel1 pois$ on ! w+1 drives ! condemn$ troops f be=e ! ,judgm5t seat2 ) 8 left h& he drags beh9d him a cl\d1 :i* is spread+ l a w9d+-%eet ov] !m all2 b !y are urg$ by him s furi\sly1 t !y are driv5 n m]ely to ! extreme limit ( t sc5e1 :i* ! sculptor conf9$ else:]e )9 ! tympanum1 b out ( ! tympanum & into ! ni*es ( ! ar*2 :ile ! flames t foll[ !m1 b5t by ! bla/1 z x seems1 ( ! angel's w+s1 ru% into ! ni*es also1 & bur/ up ?r\gh _! trac]y1 ! ?ree l[]mo/ ni*es be+ repres5t$ z all on fire1 :ile1 in/ead ( _! usual vault$ & ribb$ ceil+1 !re is a demon 9 ! ro( ( ea*1 ) 8 w+s fold$ ov] x1 gr9n+ d[n out ( ! black %ad[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiii4--7,page #afa--,vol4 ,v47 ,,portions ,,( ,,an ,,arcade ,,on ,,! ,,s\? ,,side ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,( ,,f]r>a4 ,,xx4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 giv5 en\gh in/ances ( vitality %[n 9 m]e d>+1 :e!r wise1 z surely 9 ?is la/ in/ance1 or inexp$i5t2 b1 z a s+le example ( ! ,vitality ( ,assimilation1 ! faculty :i* turns to its purposes all mat]ial t is submitt$ to x1 ,i w\ld ref] ! read] to ! extraord9>y columns ( ! arcade on ! s\? side ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,f]r>a4 ,a s+le ar* ( x is giv5 9 ,plate ,,xiii4 on ! "r4 ,f\r su* columns =m+ a gr\p1 !re are int]pos$ two pairs ( columns1 z se5 on ! left ( ! same plate2 & !n come ano!r f\r ar*es4 ,x is a long arcade (1 ,i suppose1 n less ?an =ty ar*es1 p]haps ( _m m2 & 9 ! grace & simplicity ( its /ilt$ ,byzant9e curves ,i h>dly "k its equal4 ,its l1 9 fancy ( column1 ,i c]ta9ly d n "k2 !re be+ h>dly two correspond5t1 & ! ar*itect hav+ be5 ready1 z x seems1 to adopt ideas & resemblances f any s\rces :atsoev]4 ,! vegetation gr[+ up ! two columns is f9e1 ?\gh biz>re2 ! di/ort$ pill>s beside x sugge/ images ( less agreeable "*2 ! s]p5t9e arrangem5ts f\nd$ on ! usual ,byzant9e d\ble knot are g5]ally graceful2 b ,i 0 puzzl$ to acc\nt = ! excessively ugly type ( ! pill>1 fig4 #c1 "o ( a gr\p ( f\r4 ,x s happ5$1 =tunately = me1 t !re _h be5 a fair 9 ,f]r>a2 &1 :5 ,i _h f9i%$ my sket* ( ! pill>1 ,i _h to get out ( ! way ( "s m]*ants ( miscellane\s w>es1 :o 7 remov+ _! /all4 ,x _h be5 %ad$ by an awn+ support$ by poles1 :i*1 9 ord] t ! cov]+ might be rais$ or l[]$ accord+ to ! height ( ! sun1 7 compos$ ( two sep>ate pieces1 fitt$ to ea* o!r by a rack1 9 :i* ,i beheld ! prototype ( my ugly pill>4 ,x w n be ?\ght1 aft] :at ,i h above said ( ! inexp$i5ce ( imitat+ any?+ b natural =m1 t ,i advance ?is ar*itect's practice z altoge!r exempl>y2 yet ! humility is in/ructive1 :i* condesc5d$ to su* s\rces = motives ( ?\ght1 ! boldness1 :i* c\ld dep>t s f> f all e/abli%$ types ( =m1 & ! life & feel+1 :i* out ( an assemblage ( su* qua9t & unc\? mat]ials1 c\ld produce an h>moni\s piece ( ecclesia/ical ar*itecture4 ,,xxi4 ,i h dwelt1 h[ev]1 p]haps1 too long ^u t =m ( vitality :i* is kn[n almo/ z mu* by its errors z by its atonem5ts = !m4 ,we mu/ briefly note ! op]ation ( x1 :i* is always "r1 & always necess>y1 ^u ^? less] details1 :]e x c nei!r be sup]s$$ by prec$5ts1 nor repress$ by proprieties4 ,i said1 e>ly 9 ?is essay1 t h&-"w might always be kn[n f ma*9e-"w2 obs]v+1 h[ev]1 at ! same "t1 t x 0 possible = m5 to turn !mselves into ma*9es1 & to r$uce _! labor to ! ma*9e level2 b s long z m5 "w z m51 putt+ _! he>t into :at !y d1 & do+ _! be/1 x matt]s n h[ bad workm5 !y may be1 !re w be t 9 ! h&l+ :i* is above all price3 x w be pla9ly se5 t "s places h be5 delight$ 9 m ?an o!rs--t !re has be5 a pause1 & a c>e ab\t !m2 & !n !re w come c>eless bits1 & fa/ bits2 & "h ! *isel w h /ruck h>d1 & !re lightly1 & anon timidly2 & if ! man's m9d z well z 8 he>t w5t ) 8 "w1 all ?is w be 9 ! "r places1 & ea* "p w set (f ! o!r2 & ! effect ( ! :ole1 z comp>$ ) ! same design cut by a ma*9e or a lifeless h&1 w be l t ( poetry well read & deeply felt to t ( ! same v]ses jangl$ by rote4 ,!re are _m to :om ! diff]5ce is imp]ceptible2 b to ^? :o love poetry x is ev]y?+--!y _h r n he> x at all1 ?an he> x ill read2 & to ^? :o love ,ar*itecture1 ! life & acc5t ( ! h& are ev]y?+4 ,!y _h r n h ornam5t at all1 ?an see x ill cut--deadly cut1 t is4 ,i _c too (t5 repeat1 x is n co>se cutt+1 x is n blunt cutt+1 t is necess>ily bad2 b x is cold cutt+--! look ( equal tr\ble ev]y:]e--! smoo?1 diffus$ tranquillity ( he>tless pa9s--! regul>ity ( a pl\gh 9 a level field4 ,! *ill is m likely1 inde$1 to %[ itself 9 f9i%$ "w ?an 9 any o!r--m5 cool & tire z !y complete3 & if complet5ess is ?\ght to be ve/$ 9 poli%1 & to be atta9able by help ( s& pap]1 we may z well give ! "w to ! eng9e-la! at once4 ,b "r f9i% is simply ! full r5d]+ ( ! int5d$ impression2 & high f9i% is ! r5d]+ ( a well int5d$ & vivid impression2 & x is (t5] got by r\gh ?an f9e h&l+4 ,i am n sure :e!r x is frequ5tly en\gh obs]v$ t sculpture is n ! m]e cutt+ ( ! =m ( any?+ 9 /one2 x is ! cutt+ ( ! effect ( x4 ,v (t5 ! true =m1 9 ! m>ble1 w\ld n be 9 ! lea/ l itself4 ,! sculptor mu/ pa9t ) 8 *isel3 half 8 t\*es are n to realize1 b to put p[] into ! =m3 !y are t\*es ( light & %ad[2 & raise a ridge1 or s9k a holl[1 n to repres5t an actual ridge or holl[1 b to get a l9e ( light1 or a spot ( d>kness4 ,9 a co>se way1 ?is k9d ( execution is v m>k$ 9 old ,fr5* woodwork2 ! irises ( ! eyes ( its *im]ic mon/]s be+ cut boldly into holes1 :i*1 v>i\sly plac$1 & always d>k1 give all k9ds ( /range & />tl+ expressions1 av]t$ & askance1 to ! fanta/ic c\nt5ances4 ,p]haps ! highe/ examples ( ?is k9d ( sculpture-pa9t+ are ! works ( ,m9o da ,fiesole2 _! be/ effects be+ rea*$ by /range angul>1 & seem+ly rude1 t\*es ( ! *isel4 ,! lips ( "o ( ! *ildr5 on ! tombs 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,badia1 appe> only half f9i%$ :5 !y are se5 close2 yet ! expression is f>!r c>ri$ & m ineffable1 ?an 9 any piece ( m>ble ,i h ev] se51 especially consid]+ its delicacy1 & ! s(tness ( ! *ild-features4 ,9 a /]n] k9d1 t ( ! /atues 9 ! sacri/y ( ,/4 ,lor5zo equals x1 & !re aga9 by incompletion4 ,i "k no example ( "w 9 :i* ! =ms are absolutely true & complete :]e su* a result is atta9$2 9 ,greek sculptures is n ev5 attempt$4 ,,xxii4 ,x is evid5t t1 = ar*itectural appliances1 su* mascul9e h&l+1 likely z x mu/ be to reta9 its effectiv5ess :5 high] f9i% w\ld be injur$ by "t1 mu/ always be ! mo/ exp$i5t2 & z x is impossible1 ev5 7 x desirable t ! highe/ f9i% %\ld be giv5 to ! quantity ( "w :i* cov]s a l>ge build+1 x w be und]/ood h[ preci\s ! intellig5ce mu/ become1 :i* r5d]s incompletion itself a means ( additional expression2 & h[ great mu/ be ! diff]5ce1 :5 ! t\*es are rude & few1 betwe5 ^? ( a c>eless & ^? ( a reg>dful m9d4 ,x is n easy to reta9 any?+ ( _! "* 9 a copy2 yet ! read] w f9d "o or two illu/rative po9ts 9 ! examples1 giv5 9 ,plate ,,xiv41 f ! bas-reliefs ( ! nor? ( ,r\5 ,ca!dral4 ,!re are ?ree squ>e p$e/als "u ! ?ree ma9 ni*es on ea* side ( x1 & "o 9 ! c5tre2 ea* ( ^! be+ on two sides decorat$ ) five quatrefoil$ panels4 ,!re are ?us sev5ty quatrefoils 9 ! l[] ornam5t ( ! gate alone1 )\t c\nt+ ^? ( ! out] c\rse r\nd x1 & ( ! p$e/als outside3 ea* quatrefoil is fill$ ) a bas-relief1 ! :ole rea*+ to some?+ above a man's height4 ,a mod]n ar*itect w\ld1 ( c\rse1 h made all ! five quatrefoils ( ea* p$e/al-side equal3 n s ! ,m$iaeval4 ,! g5]al =m be+ app>5tly a quatrefoil compos$ ( semicircles on ! sides ( a squ>e1 x w be f\nd on exam9ation t none ( ! arcs are semicircles1 & none ( ! basic figures squ>es4 ,! latt] are rhomboids1 hav+ _! acute or obtuse angles upp]mo/ accord+ to _! l>g] or small] size2 & ! arcs ^u _! sides slide into su* places z !y c get 9 ! angles ( ! enclos+ p>allelogram1 leav+ int]vals1 at ea* ( ! f\r angles1 ( v>i\s %apes1 :i* are fill$ ea* by an animal4 ,! size ( ! :ole panel be+ ?us v>i$1 ! two l[e/ ( ! five are tall1 ! next two %ort1 & ! upp]mo/ a little high] ?an ! l[e/2 :ile 9 ! c\rse ( bas-reliefs :i* surr\nds ! gate1 call+ ei!r ( ! two l[e/ 7:i* are equal71 a1 & ei!r ( ! next two b1 & ! fif? & six? c & d1 !n d 7! l>ge/73 c33c3a33a3b4 ,x is wond]ful h[ mu* ( ! grace ( ! :ole dep5ds on ^! v>iations4 ,,xxiii4 ,ea* ( ! angles1 x 0 said1 is fill$ by an animal4 ,!re are ?us #gj x #dbhj animals1 all diff]5t1 9 ! m]e fill+s ( ! int]vals ( ! bas-reliefs4 ,?ree ( ^! int]vals1 ) _! bea/s1 actual size1 ! curves be+ trac$ ^u ! /one1 ,i h giv5 9 ,plate ,,xiv4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiv4--7,page #afe--,vol4 ,v47 ,,sculpture ,,f ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,( ,,r\54 ,i say no?+ ( _! g5]al design1 or ( ! l9es ( ! w+s & scales1 :i* are p]haps1 unless 9 ^? ( ! c5tral dragon1 n mu* above ! usual commonplaces ( good ornam5tal "w2 b !re is an evid5ce 9 ! features ( ?\ghtfulness & fancy :i* is n common1 at lea/ n[-a-days4 ,! upp] creature on ! left is bit+ some?+1 ! =m ( :i* is h>dly traceable 9 ! defac$ /one--b bit+ he is2 & ! read] _c b recognise 9 ! peculi>ly rev]t$ eye ! expression :i* is nev] se51 z ,i ?9k1 b 9 ! eye ( a dog gnaw+ some?+ 9 je/1 & prep>+ to />t away ) x3 ! mean+ ( ! glance1 s f> z x c be m>k$ by ! m]e incision ( ! *isel1 w be felt by comp>+ x ) ! eye ( ! c\*ant figure on ! "r1 9 its gloomy & angry brood+4 ,! plan ( ?is head1 & ! nod ( ! cap ov] its br[1 are f9e2 b !re is a little t\* above ! h& especially well meant3 ! fell[ is vex$ & puzzl$ 9 8 malice2 & 8 h& is press$ h>d on 8 *eek bone1 & ! fle% ( ! *eek is wr9kl$ "u ! eye by ! pressure4 ,! :ole1 inde$1 looks wret*$ly co>se1 :5 x is se5 on a scale 9 :i* x is naturally comp>$ ) delicate figure et*+s2 b consid]+ x z a m]e fill+ ( an int]/ice on ! outside ( a ca!dral gate1 & z "o ( m ?an ?ree hundr$ 7= 9 my e/imate ,i did n include ! out] p$e/als71 x proves v noble vitality 9 ! art ( ! "t4 ,,xxiv4 ,i believe ! "r "q to ask1 respect+ all ornam5t1 is simply ?is3 ,0 x done ) enjoym5t--0 ! c>v] happy :ile he 0 ab\t x8 ,x may be ! h>de/ "w possible1 & ! h>d] because s mu* pleasure 0 tak5 9 x2 b x mu/ h be5 happy too1 or x w n be liv+4 ,h[ mu* ( ! /one mason's toil ?is condition w\ld exclude ,i h>dly v5ture to consid]1 b ! condition is absolute4 ,!re is a ,go?ic *ur* lately built ne> ,r\51 vile en\gh1 inde$1 9 its g5]al composition1 b excessively ri* 9 detail2 _m ( ! details are design$ ) ta/e1 & all evid5tly by a man :o has /udi$ old "w closely4 ,b x is all z dead z leaves 9 ,decemb]2 !re is n "o t5d] t\*1 n "o w>m /roke1 on ! :ole facade4 ,! m5 :o did x hat$ x1 & 7 ?ankful :5 x 0 done4 ,& s long z !y d s !y are m]ely load+ y\r walls ) %apes ( clay3 ! g>l&s ( ev]la/+s 9 ,p]e la ,*aise are m *e]ful ornam5ts4 ,y _c get ! feel+ by pay+ = x--money w n buy life4 ,i am n sure ev5 t y c get x by wat*+ or wait+ = x4 ,x is true t "h & !re a workman may be f\nd :o has x 9 him1 b he does n re/ cont5t$ 9 ! inf]ior "w--he /ruggles =w>d into an ,academician2 & f ! mass ( available h&icraftsm5 ! p[] is gone--h[ recov]able ,i "k n3 ?is only ,i "k1 t all exp5se devot$ to sculptural ornam5t1 9 ! pres5t condition ( t p[]1 comes lit]ally "u ! head ( ,sacrifice = ! sacrifice's sake1 or worse4 ,i believe ! only mann] ( ri* ornam5t t is op5 to u is ! geometrical color-mosaic1 & t mu* might result f our /r5u\sly tak+ up ?is mode ( design4 ,b1 at all ev5ts1 "o ?+ we h 9 our p[]--! do+ )\t ma*9e ornam5t & ca/-iron "w4 ,all ! /amp$ metals1 & artificial /ones1 & imitation woods & bronzes1 ov] ! inv5tion ( :i* we he> daily exultation--all ! %ort1 & *eap1 & easy ways ( do+ t ^: difficulty is its honor--are j s _m new ob/acles 9 our already encumb]$ road4 ,!y w n make "o ( u happi] or wis]--!y w ext5d nei!r ! pride ( judgm5t nor ! privilege ( enjoym5t4 ,!y w only make u %all[] 9 our und]/&+s1 cold] 9 our he>ts1 & feebl] 9 our wits4 ,& mo/ ju/ly4 ,= we are n s5t into ?is _w to d any ?+ into :i* we _c put our he>ts4 ,we h c]ta9 "w to d = our bread1 & t is to be done /r5u\sly2 o!r "w to d = our delight1 & t is to be done he>tily3 nei!r is to be done by halves or %ifts1 b ) a w2 & :at is n wor? ?is ef=t is n to be done at all4 ,p]haps all t we h to d is meant = no?+ m ?an an ex]cise ( ! he>t & ( ! w1 & is useless 9 itself2 b1 at all ev5ts1 ! little use x has may well be sp>$ if x is n wor? putt+ our h&s & our /r5g? to4 ,x does n become our immortality to take an ease inconsi/5t ) its au?ority1 nor to suff] any in/rum5ts ) :i* x c disp5se1 to come betwe5 x & ! ?+s x rules3 & he :o w\ld =m ! creations ( 8 own m9d by any o!r in/rum5t ?an 8 own h&1 w\ld1 also1 if he might1 give gr9d+ organs to ,heav5's angels1 to make _! music easi]4 ,!re is dream+ en\gh1 & e>?9ess en\gh1 & s5suality en\gh 9 human exi/5ce )\t our turn+ ! few gl[+ mom5ts ( x into me*anism2 & s9ce our life mu/ at ! be/ be b a vapor t appe>s = a little "t & !n vani%es away1 let x at lea/ appe> z a cl\d 9 ! height ( ,heav51 n z ! ?ick d>kness t broods ov] ! bla/ ( ! ,furnace1 & roll+ ( ! ,:eel4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,lamp ,,( ,,memory4 ,i4 ,among ! h\rs ( 8 life to :i* ! writ] looks back ) peculi> gratitude1 z hav+ be5 m>k$ by m ?an ord9>y fulness ( joy or cle>ness ( tea*+1 is "o pass$1 n[ "s ye>s ago1 ne> "t ( sunset1 among ! brok5 masses ( p9e =e/ :i* skirt ! c\rse ( ! ,a91 above ! village ( ,*ampagnole1 9 ! ,jura4 ,x is a spot :i* has all ! solemnity1 ) none ( ! savag5ess1 ( ! ,alps2 :]e !re is a s5se ( a great p[] beg9n+ to be manife/$ 9 ! e>?1 & ( a deep & maje/ic concord 9 ! rise ( ! long l[ l9es ( p9y hills2 ! fir/ utt]ance ( ^? mighty m\nta9 symphonies1 soon to be m l\dly lift$ & wildly brok5 along ! battlem5ts ( ! ,alps4 ,b _! /r5g? is z yet re/ra9$2 & ! f>-rea*+ ridges ( pa/oral m\nta9 succe$ ea* o!r1 l ! long & sigh+ swell :i* moves ov] quiet wat]s f "s f>-(f /ormy sea4 ,& !re is a deep t5d]ness p]vad+ t va/ monotony4 ,! de/ructive =ces & ! /]n expression ( ! c5tral ranges are alike )drawn4 ,no fro/-pl\gh$1 du/-encumb]$ pa?s ( anci5t glaci] fret ! s(t ,jura pa/ures2 no spl9t]$ heaps ( ru9 break ! fair ranks ( h] =e/s2 no pale1 defil$1 or furi\s riv]s r5d _! rude & *angeful ways among h] rocks4 ,pati5tly1 eddy by eddy1 ! cle> gre5 /reams w9d along _! well-kn[n b$s2 & "u ! d>k quietness ( ! undi/urb$ p9es1 !re spr+ up1 ye> by ye>1 su* company ( joyful fl[]s z ,i "k n ! l ( among all ! bless+s ( ! e>?4 ,x 0 ,spr+ "t1 too2 & all 7 com+ =? 9 clu/]s cr[d$ = v love2 !re 0 room en\gh = all1 b !y cru%$ _! leaves into all mann] ( /range %apes only to be ne>] ea* o!r4 ,!re 0 ! wood anemone1 /> aft] />1 clos+ e n[ & !n into nebulae3 & !re 0 ! oxalis1 troop by troop l virg9al processions ( ! ,mois de ,m>ie1 ! d>k v]tical clefts 9 ! lime/one *ok$ up ) !m z ) heavy sn[1 & t\*$ ) ivy on ! edges--ivy z light & lovely z ! v9e2 & ev] & anon1 a blue gu% ( violets1 & c[slip bells 9 sunny places2 & 9 ! m op5 gr\nd1 ! vet*1 & comfrey1 & mez]eon1 & ! small sapphire buds ( ! ,polygala ,alp9a1 & ! wild /rawb]ry1 j a blossom or two1 all %[]$ amid/ ! gold5 s(tness ( deep1 w>m1 amb]-color$ moss4 ,i came out pres5tly on ! edge ( ! rav9e2 ! solemn murmur ( its wat]s rose sudd5ly f b5ea?1 mix$ ) ! s++ ( ! ?ru%es among ! p9e b\ghs2 &1 on ! opposite side ( ! valley1 wall$ all along z x 0 by grey cliffs ( lime/one1 !re 0 a hawk sail+ sl[ly (f _! br[1 t\*+ !m ne>ly ) 8 w+s1 & ) ! %ad[s ( ! p9es flick]+ ^u 8 plumage f above2 b ) a fall ( a hundr$ fa?oms "u 8 brea/1 & ! curl+ pools ( ! gre5 riv] glid+ & glitt]+ dizzily b5ea? him1 _! foam globes mov+ ) him z he flew4 ,x w\ld be difficult to conceive a sc5e less dep5d5t ^u any o!r int]e/ ?an t ( its own seclud$ & s]i\s beauty2 b ! writ] well rememb]s ! sudd5 blankness & *ill :i* 7 ca/ ^u x :5 he endeavor$1 9 ord] m /rictly to arrive at ! s\rces ( its impressiv5ess1 to imag9e x1 = a mom5t1 a sc5e 9 "s aborig9al =e/ ( ! ,new ,cont95t4 ,! fl[]s 9 an in/ant lo/ _! light1 ! riv] its music#ae2 ! hills became oppressively desolate2 a heav9ess 9 ! b\ghs ( ! d>k5$ =e/ %[$ h[ mu* ( _! =m] p[] _h be5 dep5d5t ^u a life :i* 0 n !irs1 h[ mu* ( ! glory ( ! imp]i%able1 or cont9ually r5ew$1 creation is reflect$ f ?+s m preci\s 9 _! memories ?an x1 9 its r5ew+4 ,^? ev] spr++ fl[]s & ev] fl[+ /reams _h be5 dy$ by ! deep colors ( human endurance1 valor1 & virtue2 & ! cre/s ( ! sable hills t rose aga9/ ! ev5+ sky receiv$ a deep] wor%ip1 because _! f> %ad[s fell ea/w>d ov] ! iron wall ( ,j\x & ! f\r-squ>e keep ( ,granson4 ,,ii4 ,x is z ! c5tralisation & protectress ( ?is sacr$ influ5ce1 t ,ar*itecture is to be reg>d$ by u ) ! mo/ s]i\s ?\ght4 ,we may live )\t h]1 & wor%ip )\t h]1 b we _c rememb] )\t h]4 ,h[ cold is all hi/ory h[ lifeless all imag]y1 comp>$ to t :i* ! liv+ nation writes1 & ! uncorrupt$ m>ble be>s6 h[ _m pages ( d\btful record might we n (t5 sp>e1 = a few /ones left "o ^u ano!r6 ,! ambition ( ! old ,babel build]s 0 well direct$ = ?is _w3 !re are b two /rong conqu]ors ( ! =getfulness ( m51 ,poetry & ,ar*itecture2 & ! latt] 9 "s sort includes ! =m]1 & is mighti] 9 its reality2 x is well to h1 n only :at m5 h ?\ght & felt1 b :at _! h&s h h&l$1 & _! /r5g? wr\ght1 & _! eyes beheld1 all ! days ( _! life4 ,! age ( ,hom] is surr\nd$ ) d>kness1 8 v p]sonality ) d\bt4 ,n s t ( ,p]icles3 & ! day is com+ :5 we %all confess1 t we h le>n$ m ( ,greece out ( ! crumbl$ fragm5ts ( h] sculpture ?an ev5 f h] sweet s+]s or soldi] hi/orians4 ,& if inde$ !re be any pr(it 9 our k ( ! pa/1 or any joy 9 ! ?\ght ( be+ rememb]$ h]eaft]1 :i* c give /r5g? to pres5t ex]tion1 or pati5ce to pres5t endurance1 !re are two duties respect+ national ar*itecture ^: importance x is impossible to ov]rate2 ! fir/1 to r5d] ! ar*itecture ( ! day hi/orical2 &1 ! second1 to pres]ve1 z ! mo/ preci\s ( inh]itances1 t ( pa/ ages4 ,,iii4 ,x is 9 ! fir/ ( ^! two directions t ,memory may truly be said to be ! ,six? ,lamp ( ,ar*itecture2 = x is 9 becom+ memorial or monum5tal t a true p]fection is atta9$ by civil & dome/ic build+s2 & ?is p>tly z !y are1 ) su* a view1 built 9 a m /able mann]1 & p>tly z _! decorations are consequ5tly animat$ by a metaphorical or hi/orical mean+4 ,z reg>ds dome/ic build+s1 !re mu/ always be a c]ta9 limitation to views ( ?is k9d 9 ! p[]1 z well z 9 ! he>ts1 ( m52 /ill ,i _c b ?9k x an evil sign ( a p :5 _! h\ses are built to la/ = "o g5]ation only4 ,!re is a sanctity 9 a good man's h\se :i* _c be r5ew$ 9 e t5em5t t rises on its ru9s3 & ,i believe t good m5 w\ld g5]ally feel ?is2 & t hav+ sp5t _! lives happily & honorably1 !y w\ld be griev$ at ! close ( !m to ?9k t ! place ( _! e>?ly abode1 :i* _h se51 & seem$ almo/ to sympa?ise 9 all _! honor1 _! gladness1 or _! suff]+1--t ?is1 ) all ! record x b>e ( !m1 & all ( mat]ial ?+s t !y _h lov$ & rul$ ov]1 & set ! /amp ( !mselves ^u--0 to be swept away1 z soon z !re 0 room made = !m 9 ! grave2 t no respect 0 to be %[n to x1 no affection felt = x1 no good to be drawn f x by _! *ildr52 t ?\gh !re 0 a monum5t 9 ! *ur*1 !re 0 no w>m monum5t 9 ! he>t & h\se to !m2 t all t !y ev] treasur$ 0 despis$1 & ! places t _h %elt]$ & com=t$ !m 7 dragg$ d[n to ! du/4 ,i say t a good man w\ld fe> ?is2 & t1 f> m1 a good son1 a noble desc5dant1 w\ld fe> do+ x to 8 fa!r's h\se4 ,i say t if m5 liv$ l m5 inde$1 _! h\ses w\ld be temples--temples :i* we %\ld h>dly d>e to injure1 & 9 :i* x w\ld make u holy to be p]mitt$ to live2 & !re mu/ be a /range dissolution ( natural affection1 a /range un?ankfulness = all t homes h giv5 & p>5ts taught1 a /range consci\sness t we h be5 unfai?ful to our fa!rs' honor1 or t our own lives are n su* z w\ld make our dwell+s sacr$ to our *ildr51 :5 ea* man w\ld fa9 build to himself1 & build = ! little revolution ( 8 own life only4 ,& ,i look ^u ^? pitiful concretions ( lime & clay :i* spr+ up 9 mildew$ =w>dness out ( ! knead$ fields ab\t our capital--^u ^? ?91 tott]+1 f\ndationless %ells ( spl9t]$ wood & imitat$ /one--^u ^? gloomy r[s ( =malis$ m9ut5ess1 alike )\t diff]5ce & )\t fell[%ip1 z solit>y z simil>--n m]ely ) ! c>eless disgu/ ( an (f5d$ eye1 n m]ely ) sorr[ = a desecrat$ l&scape1 b ) a pa9ful =ebod+ t ! roots ( our national greatness mu/ be deeply cank]$ :5 !y are ?us loosely /ruck 9 _! native gr\nd2 t ^? com=tless & unhonor$ dwell+s are ! signs ( a great & spread+ _s ( popul> discont5t2 t !y m>k ! "t :5 e man's aim is to be 9 "s m elevat$ sph]e ?an 8 natural "o1 & e man's pa/ life is 8 habitual scorn2 :5 m5 build 9 ! hope ( leav+ ! places !y h built1 & live 9 ! hope ( =gett+ ! ye>s t !y h liv$2 :5 ! com=t1 ! peace1 ! religion ( home h ceas$ to be felt2 & ! cr[d$ t5em5ts ( a /ruggl+ & re/less population diff] only f ! t5ts ( ! ,arab or ! ,gipsy by _! less heal?y op5ness to ! air ( heav51 & less happy *oice ( _! spot ( e>?2 by _! sacrifice ( lib]ty )\t ! ga9 ( re/1 & ( /ability )\t ! luxury ( *ange4 ,,iv4 ,?is is no slight1 no consequ5celess evil3 x is om9\s1 infecti\s1 & fecund ( o!r fault & mis=tune4 ,:5 m5 d n love _! he>?s1 nor rev]5ce _! ?re%olds1 x is a sign t !y h di%onor$ bo?1 & t !y h nev] ackn[l$g$ ! true univ]sality ( t ,*ri/ian wor%ip :i* 0 inde$ to sup]s$e ! idolatry1 b n ! piety1 ( ! pagan4 ,our ,god is a h\sehold ,god1 z well z a heav5ly "o2 ,he has an alt> 9 e man's dwell+2 let m5 look to x :5 !y r5d x lightly & p\r out its a%es4 ,x is n a "q ( m]e ocul> delight1 x is no "q ( intellectual pride1 or ( cultivat$ & critical fancy1 h[1 & ) :at aspect ( durability & ( complet5ess1 ! dome/ic build+s ( a nation %all be rais$4 ,x is "o ( ^? moral duties1 n ) m impunity to be neglect$ because ! p]ception ( !m dep5ds on a f9ely ton$ & balanc$ consci5ti\sness1 to build our dwell+s ) c>e1 & pati5ce1 & fondness1 & dilig5t completion1 & ) a view to _! duration at lea/ = su* a p]iod z1 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( national revolutions1 might be suppos$ likely to ext5d to ! entire alt]ation ( ! direction ( local int]e/s4 ,?is at ! lea/2 b x w\ld be bett] if1 9 e possible in/ance1 m5 built _! own h\ses on a scale comm5surate r ) _! condition at ! comm5cem5t1 ?an _! atta9m5ts at ! t]m9ation1 ( _! worldly c>e]2 & built !m to /& z long z human "w at its /ronge/ c be hop$ to /&2 record+ to _! *ildr5 :at !y h be51 & f :at1 if s x _h be5 p]mitt$ !m1 !y _h ris54 ,& :5 h\ses are ?us built1 we may h t true dome/ic ar*itecture1 ! beg9n+ ( all o!r1 :i* does n disda9 to treat ) respect & ?\ghtfulness ! small habitation z well z ! l>ge1 & :i* inve/s ) ! dignity ( cont5t$ manhood ! n>r[ness ( worldly circum/ance4 ,v4 ,i look to ?is _s ( honorable1 pr\d1 peaceful self-possession1 ?is abid+ wisdom ( cont5t$ life1 z probably "o ( ! *ief s\rces ( great intellectual p[] 9 all ages1 & beyond dispute z ! v primal s\rce ( ! great ar*itecture ( old ,italy & ,france4 ,to ?is day1 ! int]e/ ( _! faire/ cities dep5ds1 n on ! isolat$ ri*ness ( palaces1 b on ! *]i%$ & exquisite decoration ( ev5 ! smalle/ t5em5ts ( _! pr\d p]iods4 ,! mo/ elaborate piece ( ar*itecture 9 ,v5ice is a small h\se at ! head ( ! ,gr& ,canal1 consi/+ ( a gr\nd floor ) two /ories above1 ?ree w9d[s 9 ! fir/1 & two 9 ! second4 ,_m ( ! mo/ exquisite build+s are on ! n>r[] canals1 & ( no l>g] dim5sions4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ pieces ( fifte5? c5tury ar*itecture 9 ,nor? ,italy1 is a small h\se 9 a back /reet1 beh9d ! m>ket-place ( ,vic5za2 x be>s date #adha1 & ! motto1 ,il4 n'e/4 rose4 sans4 ep9e2 x has also only a gr\nd floor & two /ories1 ) ?ree w9d[s 9 ea*1 sep>at$ by ri* fl[]-"w1 & ) balconies1 support$1 ! c5tral "o by an eagle ) op5 w+s1 ! lat]al ones by w+$ griff9s /&+ on cornucopiae4 ,! idea t a h\se mu/ be l>ge 9 ord] to be well built1 is altoge!r ( mod]n gr[?1 & is p>allel ) ! idea1 t no picture c be hi/orical1 except ( a size admitt+ figures l>g] ?an life4 ,,vi4 ,i w\ld h1 !n1 our ord9>y dwell+-h\ses built to la/1 & built to be lovely2 z ri* & full ( pleasantness z may be1 )9 & )\t2 ) :at degree ( lik5ess to ea* o!r 9 /yle & mann]1 ,i w say pres5tly1 "u ano!r head2 b1 at all ev5ts1 ) su* diff]5ces z might suit & express ea* man's "* & occupation1 & p>tly 8 hi/ory4 ,?is "r ov] ! h\se1 ,i conceive1 belongs to its fir/ build]1 & is to be respect$ by 8 *ildr52 & x w\ld be well t blank /ones %\ld be left 9 places1 to be inscrib$ ) a summ>y ( 8 life & ( its exp]i5ce1 rais+ ?us ! habitation into a k9d ( monum5t1 & develop+1 into m sy/ematic in/ructiv5ess1 t good cu/om :i* 0 ( old univ]sal1 & :i* /ill rema9s among "s ( ! ,swiss & ,g]mans1 ( ackn[l$g+ ! grace ( ,god's p]mission to build & possess a quiet re/+-place1 9 su* sweet words z may well close our speak+ ( ^! ?+s4 ,i h tak5 !m f ! front ( a cottage lately built among ! gre5 pa/ures :i* desc5d f ! village ( ,gr9delwald to ! l[] glaci]3-- ,mit h]zli*em ,v]trau5 ,hat ,johannes ,moot] und ,m>ia ,rubi ,dieses ,haus bau5 lass54 ,d] liebe ,gott woll uns bewahr5 ,vor allem ,unglueck und ,gefahr51 ,und es 9 ,seg5 lass5 /ehn ,auf d] ,reise dur* diese ,jamm]zeit ,na* dem himmlis*5 ,p>adiese1 ,wo alle ,fromm5 wohn51 ,da wird ,gott sie belohn5 ,mit d] ,fri$5skrone ,zu alle ,ewigkeit4 ,,vii4 ,9 public build+s ! hi/orical purpose %\ld be /ill m def9ite4 ,x is "o ( ! advantages ( ,go?ic ar*itecture1--,i use ! ^w ,go?ic 9 ! mo/ ext5d$ s5se z broadly oppos$ to classical1--t x admits ( a ri*ness ( record altoge!r unlimit$4 ,its m9ute & multitud9\s sculptural decorations af=d means ( express+1 ei!r symbolically or lit]ally1 all t ne$ be kn[n ( national feel+ or a*ievem5t4 ,m decoration w1 inde$1 be usually requir$ ?an c take s elevat$ a "*2 & mu*1 ev5 9 ! mo/ ?\ghtful p]iods1 has be5 left to ! fre$om ( fancy1 or suff]$ to consi/ ( m]e repetitions ( "s national be>+ or symbol4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 g5]ally unwise1 ev5 9 m]e surface ornam5t1 to surr5d] ! p[] & privilege ( v>iety :i* ! _s ( ,go?ic ar*itecture admits2 mu* m 9 important features--capitals ( columns or bosses1 & /r+-c\rses1 z ( c\rse 9 all confess$ bas-reliefs4 ,bett] ! rude/ "w t tells a /ory or records a fact1 ?an ! ri*e/ )\t mean+4 ,!re %\ld n be a s+le ornam5t put ^u great civic build+s1 )\t "s intellectual int5tion4 ,actual repres5tation ( hi/ory has 9 mod]n times be5 *eck$ by a difficulty1 mean inde$1 b /eadfa/3 t ( unmanageable co/ume2 nev]!less1 by a suffici5tly bold imag9ative treatm5t1 & frank use ( symbols1 all su* ob/acles may be vanqui%$2 n p]haps 9 ! degree necess>y to produce sculpture 9 itself satisfactory1 b at all ev5ts s z to enable x to become a gr& & expressive elem5t ( ar*itectural composition4 ,take1 = example1 ! managem5t ( ! capitals ( ! ducal palace at ,v5ice4 ,hi/ory1 z su*1 0 inde$ entru/$ to ! pa9t]s ( its int]ior1 b e capital ( its arcades 0 fill$ ) mean+4 ,! l>ge "o1 ! corn] /one ( ! :ole1 next ! entrance1 0 devot$ to ! symbolisation ( ,ab/ract ,ju/ice2 above x is a sculpture ( ! ,judgm5t ( ,solomon1 rem>kable = a beautiful subjection 9 its treatm5t to its decorative purpose4 ,! figures1 if ! subject _h be5 entirely compos$ ( !m1 w\ld h awkw>dly int]rupt$ ! l9e ( ! angle1 & dim9i%$ its app>5t /r5g?2 & !re=e 9 ! mid/ ( !m1 entirely )\t relation to !m1 & inde$ actually betwe5 ! execution] & int]c$+ "m1 !re rises ! ribb$ trunk ( a massy tree1 :i* supports & cont9ues ! %aft ( ! angle1 & ^: leaves above ov]%ad[ & enri* ! :ole4 ,! capital bel[ be>s among its leafage a ?ron$ figure ( ,ju/ice1 ,trajan do+ ju/ice to ! wid[1 ,ari/otle *e die legge1 & "o or two o!r subjects n[ un9telligible f decay4 ,! capitals next 9 ord] repres5t ! virtues & vices 9 succession1 z pres]vative or de/ructive ( national peace & p[]1 conclud+ ) ,fai?1 ) ! inscription ,fides optima 9 ,deo e/4 ,a figure is se5 on ! opposite side ( ! capital1 wor%ipp+ ! sun4 ,aft] ^!1 "o or two capitals are fancifully decorat$ ) birds 7,plate ,v471 & !n come a s]ies repres5t+1 fir/ ! v>i\s fruits1 !n ! national co/umes1 & !n ! animals ( ! v>i\s c\ntries subject to ,v5etian rule4 ,,viii4 ,n[1 n to speak ( any m important public build+1 let u imag9e our own ,india ,h\se adorn$ 9 ?is way1 by hi/orical or symbolical sculpture3 massively built 9 ! fir/ place2 !n *as$ ) bas-reliefs ( our ,indian battles1 & frett$ ) c>v+s ( ,ori5tal foliage1 or inlaid ) ,ori5tal /ones2 & ! m important memb]s ( its decoration compos$ ( gr\ps ( ,indian life & l&scape1 & prom95tly express+ ! phantasms ( ,h9doo wor%ip 9 _! subjection to ! ,cross4 ,w\ld n "o su* "w be bett] ?an a ?\s& hi/ories8 ,if1 h[ev]1 we h n ! inv5tion necess>y = su* ef=ts1 or if1 :i* is probably "o ( ! mo/ noble excuses we c (f] = our defici5cy 9 su* matt]s1 we h less pleasure 9 talk+ ab\t ourselves1 ev5 9 m>ble1 ?an ! ,cont95tal nations1 at lea/ we h no excuse = any want ( c>e 9 ! po9ts :i* insure ! build+'s endurance4 ,& z ?is "q is "o ( great int]e/ 9 its relations to ! *oice ( v>i\s modes ( decoration1 x w be necess>y to ent] into x at "s l5g?4 ,,ix4 ,! b5evol5t reg>ds & purposes ( m5 9 masses seldom c be suppos$ to ext5d beyond _! own g5]ation4 ,!y may look to po/]ity z an audi5ce1 may hope = its att5tion1 & labor = its praise3 !y may tru/ to its recognition ( unackn[l$g$ m]it1 & dem& its ju/ice = contempor>y wrong4 ,b all ?is is m]e selfi%ness1 & does n involve ! slighte/ reg>d to1 or consid]ation (1 ! int]e/ ( ^? by ^: numb]s we w\ld fa9 swell ! circle ( our flatt]]s1 & by ^: au?ority we w\ld gladly support our pres5tly disput$ claims4 ,! idea ( self-d5ial = ! sake ( po/]ity1 ( practis+ pres5t economy = ! sake ( debtors yet unborn1 ( plant+ =e/s t our desc5dants may live "u _! %ade1 or ( rais+ cities = future nations to inhabit1 nev]1 ,i suppose1 effici5tly takes place among publicly recognis$ motives ( ex]tion4 ,yet ^! are n ! less our duties2 nor is our "p fitly su/a9$ ^u ! e>?1 unless ! range ( our int5d$ & delib]ate usefulness include n only ! companions1 b ! successors1 ( our pilgrimage4 ,god has l5t u ! e>? = our life2 x is a great entail4 ,x belongs z mu* to ^? :o are to come aft] u1 & ^: names are already writt5 9 ! book ( creation1 z to u2 & we h no "r1 by any?+ t we d or neglect1 to involve !m 9 unnecess>y p5alties1 or deprive !m ( b5efits :i* x 0 9 our p[] to bequea?4 ,& ?is ! m1 because x is "o ( ! appo9t$ conditions ( ! labor ( m5 t1 9 proportion to ! "t betwe5 ! se$-s[+ & ! h>ve/1 is ! fulness ( ! fruit2 & t g5]ally1 !re=e1 ! f>!r (f we place our aim1 & ! less we desire to be ourselves ! witnesses ( :at we h labor$ =1 ! m wide & ri* w be ! measure ( our success4 ,m5 _c b5efit ^? t are ) !m z !y c b5efit ^? :o come aft] !m2 & ( all ! pulpits f :i* human voice is ev] s5t =?1 !re is none f :i* x rea*es s f> z f ! grave4 ,x4 ,nor is !re1 inde$1 any pres5t loss1 9 su* respect1 = futurity4 ,e human action ga9s 9 honor1 9 grace1 9 all true magnific5ce1 by its reg>d to ?+s t are to come4 ,x is ! f> sight1 ! quiet & confid5t pati5ce1 t1 above all o!r attributes1 sep>ate man f man1 & ne> him to 8 ,mak]2 & !re is no action nor art1 ^: maje/y we may n measure by ?is te/4 ,!re=e1 :5 we build1 let u ?9k t we build = ev]4 ,let x n be = pres5t delight1 nor = pres5t use alone2 let x be su* "w z our desc5dants w ?ank u =1 & let u ?9k1 z we lay /one on /one1 t a "t is to come :5 ^? /ones w be held sacr$ because our h&s h t\*$ !m1 & t m5 w say z !y look ^u ! labor & wr\ght sub/ance ( !m1 ,see6 ?is our fa!rs did = u4 ,=1 inde$1 ! greate/ glory ( a build+ is n 9 its /ones1 or 9 its gold4 ,its glory is 9 its ,age1 & 9 t deep s5se ( voicefulness1 ( /]n wat*+1 ( my/]i\s sympa?y1 nay1 ev5 ( approval or condemnation1 :i* we feel 9 walls t h long be5 wa%$ by ! pass+ waves ( humanity4 ,x is 9 _! la/+ witness aga9/ m51 9 _! quiet contra/ ) ! transitional "* ( all ?+s1 9 ! /r5g? :i*1 ?r\gh ! lapse ( seasons & times1 & ! decl9e & bir? ( dyna/ies1 & ! *ang+ ( ! face ( ! e>?1 & ( ! limits ( ! sea1 ma9ta9s its sculptur$ %apel9ess = a "t insup]able1 connects =gott5 & foll[+ ages ) ea* o!r1 & half con/itutes ! id5tity1 z x conc5trates ! sympa?y1 ( nations2 x is 9 t gold5 /a9 ( "t1 t we are to look = ! real light1 & color1 & preci\sness ( ar*itecture2 & x is n until a build+ has assum$ ?is "*1 till x has be5 entru/$ ) ! fame1 & hall[$ by ! de$s ( m51 till its walls h be5 witnesses ( suff]+1 & its pill>s rise out ( ! %ad[s ( dea?1 t its exi/5ce1 m la/+ z x is ?an t ( ! natural objects ( ! _w ar\nd x1 c be gift$ ) ev5 s mu* z ^! possess ( language & ( life4 ,,xi4 ,= t p]iod1 !n1 we mu/ build2 n1 inde$1 refus+ to ourselves ! delight ( pres5t completion1 nor hesitat+ to foll[ su* portions ( "* z may dep5d ^u delicacy ( execution to ! highe/ p]fection ( :i* !y are capable1 ev5 al?\gh we may "k t 9 ! c\rse ( ye>s su* details mu/ p]i%2 b tak+ c>e t = "w ( ?is k9d we sacrifice no endur+ quality1 & t ! build+ %all n dep5d = its impressiv5ess ^u any?+ t is p]i%able4 ,?is w\ld1 inde$1 be ! law ( good composition "u any circum/ances1 ! arrangem5t ( ! l>g] masses be+ always a matt] ( great] importance ?an ! treatm5t ( ! small]2 b 9 ar*itecture !re is mu* 9 t v treatm5t :i* is skilful or o!rwise 9 proportion to its j reg>d to ! probable effects ( "t3 & 7:i* is /ill m to be consid]$7 !re is a beauty 9 ^? effects !mselves1 :i* no?+ else c replace1 & :i* x is our wisdom to consult & to desire4 ,= ?\gh1 hi!rto1 we h be5 speak+ ( ! s5tim5t ( age only1 !re is an actual beauty 9 ! m>ks ( x1 su* & s great z to h become n unfrequ5tly ! subject ( especial *oice among c]ta9 s*ools ( art1 & to h impress$ ^u ^? s*ools ! "* usually & loosely express$ by ! t]m picturesque4 ,x is ( "s importance to our pres5t purpose to det]m9e ! true mean+ ( ?is expression1 z x is n[ g5]ally us$2 = !re is a pr9ciple to be develop$ f t use :i*1 :ile x has occultly be5 ! gr\nd ( mu* t is true & j 9 our judgm5t ( art1 has nev] be5 s f> und]/ood z to become def9itely s]viceable4 ,probably no ^w 9 ! language 7exclusive ( !ological expressions71 has be5 ! subject ( s frequ5t or s prolong$ dispute2 yet none rema9$ m vague 9 _! acceptance1 & x seems to me to be a matt] ( no small int]e/ to inve/igate ! ess5ce ( t idea :i* all feel1 & 7to appe>ance7 ) respect to simil> ?+s1 & yet :i* e attempt to def9e has1 z ,i believe1 end$ ei!r 9 m]e enum]ation ( ! effects & objects to :i* ! t]m has be5 atta*$1 or else 9 attempts at ab/raction m palpably nugatory ?an any :i* h disgrac$ metaphysical inve/igation on o!r subjects4 ,a rec5t critic on ,art1 = in/ance1 has gravely advanc$ ! !ory t ! ess5ce ( ! picturesque consi/s 9 ! expression ( univ]sal decay4 ,x w\ld be curi\s to see ! result ( an attempt to illu/rate ?is idea ( ! picturesque1 9 a pa9t+ ( dead fl[]s & decay$ fruit1 & equally curi\s to trace ! /eps ( any reason+ :i*1 on su* a !ory1 %\ld acc\nt = ! picturesqu5ess ( an ass colt z oppos$ to a horse foal4 ,b !re is mu* excuse = ev5 ! mo/ utt] failure 9 reason+s ( ?is k9d1 s9ce ! subject is1 inde$1 "o ( ! mo/ obscure ( all t may legitimately be submitt$ to human reason2 & ! idea is itself s v>i$ 9 ! m9ds ( diff]5t m51 accord+ to _! subjects ( /udy1 t no def9ition c be expect$ to embrace m ?an a c]ta9 numb] ( its inf9itely multipli$ =ms4 ,,xii4 ,t peculi> "*1 h[ev]1 :i* sep>ates ! picturesque f ! *>act]s ( subject belong+ to ! high] walks ( art 7& ?is is all t is necess>y = our pres5t purpose to def9e71 may be %ortly & decisively express$4 ,picturesqu5ess1 9 ?is s5se1 is ,p>asitical ,sublimity4 ,( c\rse all sublimity1 z well z all beauty1 is1 9 ! simple etymological s5se1 picturesque1 t is to say1 fit to become ! subject ( a picture2 & all sublimity is1 ev5 9 ! peculi> s5se :i* ,i am endeavor+ to develope1 picturesque1 z oppos$ to beauty2 t is to say1 !re is m picturesqu5ess 9 ! subject ( ,mi*ael ,angelo ?an ( ,p]ug9o1 9 proportion to ! preval5ce ( ! sublime elem5t ov] ! beautiful4 ,b t "*1 ( :i* ! extreme pursuit is g5]ally admitt$ to be degrad+ to art1 is p>asitical sublimity2 i4e41 a sublimity dep5d5t on ! accid5ts1 or on ! lea/ ess5tial *>act]s1 ( ! objects to :i* x belongs2 & ! picturesque is develop$ di/9ctively exactly 9 proportion to ! di/ance f ! c5tre ( ?\ght ( ^? po9ts ( "* 9 :i* ! sublimity is f\nd4 ,two ideas1 !re=e1 are ess5tial to picturesqu5ess1--! fir/1 t ( sublimity 7= pure beauty is n picturesque at all1 & becomes s only z ! sublime elem5t mixes ) x71 & ! second1 ! subord9ate or p>asitical position ( t sublimity4 ,( c\rse1 !re=e1 :atev] *>act]s ( l9e or %ade or expression are productive ( sublimity1 w become productive ( picturesqu5ess2 :at ^! *>act]s are ,i %all endeavor h]eaft] to %[ at l5g?2 b1 among ^? :i* are g5]ally ackn[l$g$1 ,i may "n angul> & brok5 l9es1 vigor\s oppositions ( light & %ad[1 & grave1 deep1 or boldly contra/$ color2 & all ^! are 9 a /ill high] degree effective1 :51 by resemblance or association1 !y rem9d u ( objects on :i* a true & ess5tial sublimity exi/s1 z ( rocks or m\nta9s1 or /ormy cl\ds or waves4 ,n[ if ^! *>act]s1 or any o!rs ( a high] & m ab/ract sublimity1 be f\nd 9 ! v he>t & sub/ance ( :at we contemplate1 z ! sublimity ( ,mi*ael ,angelo dep5ds on ! expression ( m5tal "* 9 8 figures f> m ?an ev5 on ! noble l9es ( _! arrangem5t1 ! art :i* repres5ts su* *>act]s _c be prop]ly call$ picturesque3 b1 if !y be f\nd 9 ! accid5tal or ext]nal qualities1 ! di/9ctive picturesque w be ! result4 ,,xiii4 ,?us1 9 ! treatm5t ( ! features ( ! human face by ,francia or ,angelico1 ! %ad[s are employ$ only to make ! cont\rs ( ! features ?or\ghly felt2 & to ^? features !mselves ! m9d ( ! obs]v] is exclusively direct$ 7t is to say1 to ! ess5tial *>act]s ( ! ?+ repres5t$74 ,all p[] & all sublimity re/ on ^!2 ! %ad[s are us$ only = ! sake ( ! features4 ,on ! contr>y1 by ,rembr&t1 ,salvator1 or ,c>avaggio1 ! features are us$ = ! sake ( ! %ad[s2 & ! att5tion is direct$1 & ! p[] ( ! pa9t] address$ to *>act]s ( accid5tal light & %ade ca/ across or ar\nd ^? features4 ,9 ! case ( ,rembr&t !re is (t5 an ess5tial sublimity 9 inv5tion & expression besides1 & always a high degree ( x 9 ! light & %ade itself2 b x is = ! mo/ "p p>asitical or engraft$ sublimity z reg>ds ! subject ( ! pa9t+1 &1 j s f>1 picturesque4 ,,xiv4 ,aga91 9 ! managem5t ( ! sculptures ( ! ,p>!non1 %ad[ is frequ5tly employ$ z a d>k field on :i* ! =ms are drawn4 ,?is is visibly ! case 9 ! metopes1 & mu/ h be5 ne>ly z mu* s 9 ! p$im5t4 ,b ! use ( t %ad[ is entirely to %[ ! conf9es ( ! figures2 & x is to _! l9es1 & n to ! %apes ( ! %ad[s beh9d !m1 t ! art & ! eye are address$4 ,! figures !mselves are conceiv$ z mu* z possible 9 full light1 aid$ by bright reflections2 !y are drawn exactly z1 on vases1 :ite figures on a d>k gr\nd3 & ! sculptors h disp5s$ )1 or ev5 /ruggl$ to avoid1 all %ad[s :i* 7 n absolutely necess>y to ! expla9+ ( ! =m4 ,on ! contr>y1 9 ,go?ic sculpture1 ! %ad[ becomes itself a subject ( ?\ght4 ,x is consid]$ z a d>k color1 to be arrang$ 9 c]ta9 agreeable masses2 ! figures are v frequ5tly made ev5 subord9ate to ! plac+ ( its divisions3 & _! co/ume is enri*$ at ! exp5se ( ! =ms und]nea?1 9 ord] to increase ! complexity & v>iety ( ! po9ts ( %ade4 ,!re are ?us1 bo? 9 sculpture & pa9t+1 two1 9 "s sort1 opposite s*ools1 ( :i* ! "o foll[s = its subject ! ess5tial =ms ( ?+s1 & ! o!r ! accid5tal lights & %ades ^u !m4 ,!re are v>i\s degrees ( _! contr>iety3 middle /eps1 z 9 ! works ( ,correggio1 & all degrees ( nobility & ( degradation 9 ! sev]al mann]s3 b ! "o is always recognis$ z ! pure1 & ! o!r z ! picturesque s*ool4 ,portions ( picturesque treatm5t w be f\nd 9 ,greek "w1 & ( pure & unpicturesque 9 ,go?ic2 & 9 bo? !re are c\ntless in/ances1 z pre-em95tly 9 ! works ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 9 :i* %ad[s become valuable z m$ia ( expression1 & !re=e take rank among ess5tial *>act]i/ics4 ,into ^! multitud9\s di/9ctions & exceptions ,i _c n[ ent]1 desir+ only to prove ! broad applicability ( ! g5]al def9ition4 ,,xv4 ,aga91 ! di/9ction w be f\nd to exi/1 n only betwe5 =ms & %ades z subjects ( *oice1 b betwe5 ess5tial & iness5tial =ms4 ,"o ( ! *ief di/9ctions betwe5 ! dramatic & picturesque s*ools ( sculpture is f\nd 9 ! treatm5t ( ! hair4 ,by ! arti/s ( ! "t ( ,p]icles x 0 consid]$ z an excresc5ce1#af indicat$ by few & rude l9es1 & subord9at$ 9 e p>ticul> to ! pr9cipality ( ! features & p]son4 ,h[ completely ?is 0 an arti/ical1 n a national idea1 x is unnecess>y to prove4 ,we ne$ b rememb] ! employm5t ( ! ,lac$aemonians1 report$ by ! ,p]sian spy on ! ev5+ be=e ! battle ( ,!rmopylae1 or glance at any ,hom]ic description ( ideal =m1 to see h[ purely sculpturesque 0 ! law :i* r$uc$ ! m>k+s ( ! hair1 le/1 "u ! necess>y disadvantages ( mat]ial1 !y %\ld int]f]e ) ! di/9ctness ( ! p]sonal =ms4 ,on ! contr>y1 9 lat] sculpture1 ! hair receives almo/ ! pr9cipal c>e ( ! workman2 & :ile ! features & limbs are clumsily & bluntly execut$1 ! hair is curl$ & twi/$1 cut into bold & %ad[y projections1 & arrang$ 9 masses elaborately ornam5tal3 !re is true sublimity 9 ! l9es & ! *i>oscuro ( ^! masses1 b x is1 z reg>ds ! creature repres5t$1 p>asitical1 & !re=e picturesque4 ,9 ! same s5se we may und]/& ! application ( ! t]m to mod]n animal pa9t+1 di/+ui%$ z x has be5 by peculi> att5tion to ! colors1 lu/re1 & texture ( sk92 nor is x 9 art alone t ! def9ition w hold4 ,9 animals !mselves1 :5 _! sublimity dep5ds ^u _! muscul> =ms or motions1 or necess>y & pr9cipal attributes1 z p]haps m ?an all o!rs 9 ! horse1 we d n call !m picturesque1 b consid] !m z peculi>ly fit to be associat$ ) pure hi/orical subject4 ,exactly 9 proportion z _! "* ( sublimity passes into excresc5ces2--into mane & be>d z 9 ! lion1 into horns z 9 ! /ag1 into %aggy hide z 9 ! in/ance above giv5 ( ! ass colt1 into v>iegation z 9 ! zebra1 or into plumage1--!y become picturesque1 & are s 9 art exactly 9 proportion to ! prom95ce ( ^! excresc5tial *>act]s4 ,x may (t5 be mo/ exp$i5t t !y %\ld be prom95t2 (t5 !re is 9 !m ! highe/ degree ( maje/y1 z 9 ^? ( ! leop>d & bo>2 & 9 ! h&s ( m5 l ,t9toret & ,rub5s1 su* attributes become means ( deep5+ ! v highe/ & mo/ ideal impressions4 ,b ! picturesque direction ( _! ?\ghts is always di/9ctly recognizable1 z cl++ to ! surface1 to ! less ess5tial "*1 & z develop+ out ( ?is a sublimity diff]5t f t ( ! creature itself2 a sublimity :i* is1 9 a sort1 common to all ! objects ( creation1 & ! same 9 its con/itu5t elem5ts1 :e!r x be s\ght 9 ! clefts & folds ( %aggy hair1 or 9 ! *asms & r5ts ( rocks1 or 9 ! hang+ ( ?ickets or hill sides1 or 9 ! alt]nations ( gaiety & gloom 9 ! v>iegation ( ! %ell1 ! plume1 or ! cl\d4 ,,xvi4 ,n[1 to return to our imm$iate subject1 x s happ5s t1 9 ar*itecture1 ! sup]9duc$ & accid5tal beauty is mo/ commonly inconsi/5t ) ! pres]vation ( orig9al "*1 & ! picturesque is !re=e s\ght 9 ru91 & suppos$ to consi/ 9 decay4 ,:]eas1 ev5 :5 s s\ght1 x consi/s 9 ! m]e sublimity ( ! r5ts1 or fractures1 or /a9s1 or vegetation1 :i* assimilate ! ar*itecture ) ! "w ( ,nature1 & be/[ ^u x ^? circum/ances ( color & =m :i* are univ]sally belov$ by ! eye ( man4 ,s f> z ?is is done1 to ! ext9ction ( ! true *>act]s ( ! ar*itecture1 x is picturesque1 & ! arti/ :o looks to ! /em ( ! ivy in/ead ( ! %aft ( ! pill>1 is c>ry+ out 9 m d>+ fre$om ! debas$ sculptor's *oice ( ! hair in/ead ( ! c\nt5ance4 ,b s f> z x c be r5d]$ consi/5t ) ! inh]5t "*1 ! picturesque or extrane\s sublimity ( ar*itecture has j ?is ( nobl] function 9 x ?an t ( any o!r object :atsoev]1 t x is an expon5t ( age1 ( t 9 :i*1 z has be5 said1 ! greate/ glory ( a build+ consi/s2 &1 !re=e1 ! ext]nal signs ( ?is glory1 hav+ p[] & purpose great] ?an any belong+ to _! m]e s5sible beauty1 may be consid]$ z tak+ rank among pure & ess5tial "*2 s ess5tial to my m9d1 t ,i ?9k a build+ _c be consid]$ z 9 its prime until f\r or five c5turies h pass$ ov] x2 & t ! entire *oice & arrangem5t ( its details %\ld h ref]5ce to _! appe>ance aft] t p]iod1 s t none %\ld be admitt$ :i* w\ld suff] mat]ial injury ei!r by ! wea!r-/a9+1 or ! me*anical degradation :i* ! lapse ( su* a p]iod w\ld necessitate4 ,,xvii4 ,x is n my purpose to ent] into any ( ! que/ions :i* ! application ( ?is pr9ciple involves4 ,!y are ( too great int]e/ & complexity to be ev5 t\*$ ^u )9 my pres5t limits1 b ?is is broadly to be notic$1 t ^? /yles ( ar*itecture :i* are picturesque 9 ! s5se above expla9$ ) respect to sculpture1 t is to say1 ^: decoration dep5ds on ! arrangem5t ( po9ts ( %ade r ?an on purity ( outl9e1 d n suff]1 b commonly ga9 9 ri*ness ( effect :5 _! details are p>tly worn away2 h5ce su* /yles1 pre-em95tly t ( ,fr5* ,go?ic1 %\ld always be adopt$ :5 ! mat]ials to be employ$ are liable to degradation1 z brick1 s&/one1 or s(t lime/one2 & /yles 9 any degree dep5d5t on purity ( l9e1 z ! ,italian ,go?ic1 mu/ be practis$ altoge!r 9 h>d & undecompos+ mat]ials1 granite s]p5t9e1 or cry/all9e m>bles4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! nature ( ! accessible mat]ials influ5c$ ! =mation ( bo? /yles2 & x %\ld /ill m au?oritatively det]m9e our *oice ( ei!r4 ,,xviii4 ,x does n belong to my pres5t plan to consid] at l5g? ! second head ( duty ( :i* ,i h above spok52 ! pres]vation ( ! ar*itecture we possess3 b a few words may be =giv51 z especially necess>y 9 mod]n times4 ,nei!r by ! public1 nor by ^? :o h ! c>e ( public monum5ts1 is ! true mean+ ( ! ^w re/oration und]/ood4 ,x means ! mo/ total de/ruction :i* a build+ c suff]3 a de/ruction out ( :i* no remnants c be ga!r$2 a de/ruction accompani$ ) false description ( ! ?+ de/roy$4 ,d n let u deceive ourselves 9 ?is important matt]2 x is impossible1 z impossible z to raise ! dead1 to re/ore any?+ t has ev] be5 great or beautiful 9 ar*itecture4 ,t :i* ,i h above insi/$ ^u z ! life ( ! :ole1 t _s :i* is giv5 only by ! h& & eye ( ! workman1 nev] c be recall$4 ,ano!r _s may be giv5 by ano!r "t1 & x is !n a new build+2 b ! _s ( ! dead workman _c be summon$ up1 & comm&$ to direct o!r h&s1 & o!r ?\ghts4 ,& z = direct & simple copy+1 x is palpably impossible4 ,:at copy+ c !re be ( surfaces t h be5 worn half an in* d[n8 ,! :ole f9i% ( ! "w 0 9 ! half in* t is gone2 if y attempt to re/ore t f9i%1 y d x conjecturally2 if y copy :at is left1 grant+ fidelity to be possible 7& :at c>e1 or wat*fulness1 or co/ c secure x871 h[ is ! new "w bett] ?an ! old8 ,!re 0 yet 9 ! old "s life1 "s my/]i\s sugge/ion ( :at x _h be51 & ( :at x _h lo/2 "s sweetness 9 ! g5tle l9es :i* ra9 & sun _h wr\ght4 ,!re c be none 9 ! brute h>dness ( ! new c>v+4 ,look at ! animals :i* ,i h giv5 9 ,plate #ad1 z an in/ance ( liv+ "w1 & suppose ! m>k+s ( ! scales & hair once worn away1 or ! wr9kles ( ! br[s1 & :o %all ev] re/ore !m8 ,! fir/ /ep to re/oration 7,i h se5 x1 & t aga9 & aga91 se5 x on ! ,bapti/]y ( ,pisa1 se5 x on ! ,casa d' ,oro at ,v5ice1 se5 x on ! ,ca!dral ( ,lisieux71 is to da% ! old "w to pieces2 ! second is usually to put up ! *eape/ & base/ imitation :i* c escape detection1 b 9 all cases1 h[ev] c>eful1 & h[ev] labor$1 an imitation /ill1 a cold model ( su* p>ts z c be modell$1 ) conjectural supplem5ts2 & my exp]i5ce has z yet furni%$ me ) only "o in/ance1 t ( ! ,palais de ,ju/ice at ,r\51 9 :i* ev5 ?is1 ! utmo/ degree ( fidelity :i* is possible1 has be5 atta9$ or ev5 attempt$4 ,,xix4 ,d n let u talk !n ( re/oration4 ,! ?+ is a ,lie f beg9n+ to end4 ,y may make a model ( a build+ z y may ( a corpse1 & y\r model may h ! %ell ( ! old walls )9 x z y\r ca/ might h ! skeleton1 ) :at advantage ,i nei!r see nor c>e2 b ! old build+ is de/roy$1 & t m totally & m]cilessly ?an if x _h sunk into a heap ( du/1 or melt$ into a mass ( clay3 m has be5 glean$ out ( desolat$ ,n9eveh ?an ev] w be out ( re-built ,milan4 ,b1 x is said1 !re may come a necessity = re/oration6 ,grant$4 ,look ! necessity full 9 ! face1 & und]/& x on its own t]ms4 ,x is a necessity = de/ruction4 ,accept x z su*1 pull ! build+ d[n1 ?r[ its /ones into neglect$ corn]s1 make balla/ ( !m1 or mort>1 if y w2 b d x hone/ly1 & d n set up a ,lie 9 _! place4 ,& look t necessity 9 ! face be=e x comes1 & y may prev5t x4 ,! pr9ciple ( mod]n times 7a pr9ciple :i* ,i believe1 at lea/ 9 ,france1 to be sy/ematically act$ on by ! masons1 9 ord] to f9d !mselves "w1 z ! abbey ( ,/4 ,ou5 0 pull$ d[n by ! magi/rates ( ! t[n by way ( giv+ "w to "s vagrants17 is to neglect build+s fir/1 & re/ore !m aft]w>ds4 ,take prop] c>e ( y\r monum5ts1 & y w n ne$ to re/ore !m4 ,a few %eets ( lead put 9 "t ^u ! ro(1 a few dead leaves & /icks swept 9 "t out ( a wat]-c\rse1 w save bo? ro( & walls f ru94 ,wat* an old build+ ) an anxi\s c>e2 gu>d x z be/ y may1 & at any co/ f e influ5ce ( dilapidation4 ,c\nt its /ones z y w\ld jewels ( a cr[n2 set wat*es ab\t x z if at ! gates ( a besieg$ city2 b9d x toge!r ) iron :]e x loos5s2 /ay x ) timb] :]e x decl9es2 d n c>e ab\t ! unsightl9ess ( ! aid2 bett] a crut* ?an a lo/ limb2 & d ?is t5d]ly1 & rev]5tly1 & cont9ually1 & _m a g5]ation w /ill be born & pass away b5ea? its %ad[4 ,its evil day mu/ come at la/2 b let x come decl>$ly & op5ly1 & let no di%onor+ & false sub/itute deprive x ( ! fun]al (fices ( memory4 ,,xx4 ,( m wanton or ignorant ravage x is va9 to speak2 my words w n rea* ^? :o commit !m1 & yet1 be x he>d or n1 ,i mu/ n leave ! tru? un/at$1 t x is aga9 no "q ( exp$i5cy or feel+ :e!r we %all pres]ve ! build+s ( pa/ times or n4 ,we h no "r :atev] to t\* !m4 ,!y are n ours4 ,!y belong p>tly to ^? :o built !m1 & p>tly to all ! g5]ations ( mank9d :o are to foll[ u4 ,! dead h /ill _! "r 9 !m3 t :i* !y labor$ =1 ! praise ( a*ievem5t or ! expression ( religi\s feel+1 or :atsoev] else x might be :i* 9 ^? build+s !y int5d$ to be p]man5t1 we h no "r to oblit]ate4 ,:at we h ourselves built1 we are at lib]ty to ?r[ d[n2 b :at o!r m5 gave _! /r5g?1 & weal?1 & life to accompli%1 _! "r ov] does n pass away ) _! dea?2 /ill less is ! "r to ! use ( :at !y h left ve/$ 9 u only4 ,x belongs to all _! successors4 ,x may h]eaft] be a subject ( sorr[1 or a cause ( injury1 to millions1 t we h consult$ our pres5t conv5i5ce by ca/+ d[n su* build+s z we *oose to disp5se )4 ,t sorr[1 t loss we h no "r to inflict4 ,did ! ca!dral ( ,avran*es belong to ! mob :o de/roy$ x1 any m ?an x did to u1 :o walk 9 sorr[ to & fro ov] its f\ndation8 ,nei!r does any build+ :atev] belong to ^? mobs :o d viol5ce to x4 ,= a mob x is1 & mu/ be always2 x matt]s n :e!r enrag$1 or 9 delib]ate folly2 :e!r c\ntless1 or sitt+ 9 committees2 ! p :o de/roy any?+ causelessly are a mob1 & ,ar*itecture is always de/roy$ causelessly4 ,a fair build+ is necess>ily wor? ! gr\nd x /&s ^u1 & w be s until c5tral ,africa & ,am]ica %all h become z popul\s z ,middlesex2 nor is any cause :atev] valid z a gr\nd = its de/ruction4 ,if ev] valid1 c]ta9ly n n[ :5 ! place bo? ( ! pa/ & future is too mu* usurp$ 9 our m9ds by ! re/less & discont5t$ pres5t4 ,! v quietness ( nature is gradually )drawn f u2 ?\s&s :o once 9 _! necess>ily prolong$ travel 7 subject$ to an influ5ce1 f ! sil5t sky & slumb]+ fields1 m effectual ?an kn[n or confess$1 n[ be> ) !m ev5 !re ! ceaseless fev] ( _! life2 & along ! iron ve9s t trav]se ! frame ( our c\ntry1 beat & fl[ ! fi]y pulses ( its ex]tions1 hott] & fa/] e h\r4 ,all vitality is conc5trat$ ?r\gh ^? ?robb+ art]ies into ! c5tral cities2 ! c\ntry is pass$ ov] l a gre5 sea by n>r[ bridges1 & we are ?r[n back 9 cont9ually clos] cr[ds ^u ! city gates4 ,! only influ5ce :i* c 9 any wise !re take ! place ( t ( ! woods & fields1 is ! p[] ( anci5t ,ar*itecture4 ,d n "p ) x = ! sake ( ! =mal squ>e1 or ( ! f5c$ & plant$ walk1 nor ( ! goodly /reet nor op5$ quay4 ,! pride ( a city is n 9 ^!4 ,leave !m to ! cr[d2 b rememb] t !re w surely be "s )9 ! circuit ( ! disquiet$ walls :o w\ld ask = "s o!r spots ?an ^! :]e9 to walk2 = "s o!r =ms to meet _! sight famili>ly3 l him :o sat s (t5 :]e ! sun /ruck f ! we/1 to wat* ! l9es ( ! dome ( ,flor5ce drawn on ! deep sky1 or l ^?1 8 ,ho/s1 :o c\ld be> daily to behold1 f _! palace *amb]s1 ! places :]e _! fa!rs lay at re/1 at ! meet+ ( ! d>k /reets ( ,v]ona4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,lamp ,,( ,,ob$i5ce4 ,i4 ,x has be5 my endeavor to %[ 9 ! prec$+ pages h[ e =m ( noble ar*itecture is 9 "s sort ! embodim5t ( ! ,polity1 ,life1 ,hi/ory1 & ,religi\s ,fai? ( nations4 ,once or twice 9 do+ ?is1 ,i h nam$ a pr9ciple to :i* ,i w\ld n[ assign a def9ite place among ^? :i* direct t embodim5t2 ! la/ place1 n only z t to :i* its own humility w\ld incl9e1 b r z belong+ to x 9 ! aspect ( ! cr[n+ grace ( all ! re/2 t pr9ciple1 ,i mean1 to :i* ,polity owes its /ability1 ,life its happ9ess1 ,fai? its acceptance1 ,creation its cont9uance1--,ob$i5ce4 ,nor is x ! lea/ among ! s\rces ( m s]i\s satisfaction :i* ,i h f\nd 9 ! pursuit ( a subject t at fir/ appe>$ to be> b slightly on ! grave int]e/s ( mank9d1 t ! conditions ( mat]ial p]fection :i* x leads me 9 conclusion to consid]1 furni% a /range pro( h[ false is ! conception1 h[ frantic ! pursuit1 ( t trea*]\s phantom :i* m5 call ,lib]ty2 mo/ trea*]\s1 inde$1 ( all phantoms2 = ! feeble/ ray ( reason might surely %[ u1 t n only its atta9m5t1 b its be+1 0 impossible4 ,!re is no su* ?+ 9 ! univ]se4 ,!re c nev] be4 ,! />s h x n2 ! e>? has x n2 ! sea has x n2 & we m5 h ! mock]y & semblance ( x only = our heavie/ puni%m5t4 ,9 "o ( ! noble/ poems#ag = its imag]y & its music belong+ to ! rec5t s*ool ( our lit]ature1 ! writ] has s\ght 9 ! aspect ( inanimate nature ! expression ( t ,lib]ty :i*1 hav+ once lov$1 he _h se5 among m5 9 its true dyes ( d>kness4 ,b ) :at /range fallacy ( int]pretation6 s9ce 9 "o noble l9e ( 8 invocation he has contradict$ ! assumptions ( ! re/1 & ackn[l$g$ ! pres5ce ( a subjection1 surely n less sev]e because et]nal8 ,h[ c\ld he o!rwise8 s9ce if !re be any "o pr9ciple m widely ?an ano!r confess$ by e utt]ance1 or m /]nly ?an ano!r impr9t$ on e atom1 ( ! visible creation1 t pr9ciple is n ,lib]ty1 b ,law4 ,,ii4 ,! en?usia/ w\ld reply t by ,lib]ty he meant ! ,law ( ,lib]ty4 ,!n :y use ! s+le & misund]/ood ^w8 ,if by lib]ty y mean *a/isem5t ( ! passions1 discipl9e ( ! intellect1 subjection ( ! w2 if y mean ! fe> ( inflict+1 ! %ame ( committ+ a wrong2 if y mean respect = all :o are 9 au?ority1 & consid]ation = all :o are 9 dep5d5ce2 v5]ation = ! good1 m]cy to ! evil1 sympa?y ) ! weak2 if y mean wat*fulness ov] all ?\ghts1 temp]ance 9 all pleasures1 & p]sev]ance 9 all toils2 if y mean1 9 a ^w1 t ,s]vice :i* is def9$ 9 ! liturgy ( ! ,engli% *ur* to be p]fect ,fre$om1 :y d y "n ?is by ! same ^w by :i* ! luxuri\s mean lic5se1 & ! reckless mean *ange2 by :i* ! rogue means rap9e1 & ! fool equality1 by :i* ! pr\d mean an>*y1 & ! malignant mean viol5ce8 ,call x by any "n r ?an ?is1 b its be/ & true/ is1 ,ob$i5ce4 ,ob$i5ce is1 inde$1 f\nd$ on a k9d ( fre$om1 else its w\ld become m]e subjugation1 b t fre$om is only grant$ t ob$i5ce may be m p]fect2 & ?us1 :ile a measure ( lic5se is necess>y to exhibit ! individual en]gies ( ?+s1 ! fairness & pleasantness & p]fection ( !m all consi/ 9 _! ,re/ra9t4 ,comp>e a riv] t has bur/ its banks ) "o t is b\nd by !m1 & ! cl\ds t are scatt]$ ov] ! face ( ! :ole heav5 ) ^? t are m>%all$ into ranks & ord]s by its w9ds4 ,s t ?\gh re/ra9t1 utt] & unrelax+1 c nev] be comely1 ?is is n because x is 9 itself an evil1 b only because1 :5 too great1 x ov]p[]s ! nature ( ! ?+ re/ra9$1 & s c\nt]acts ! o!r laws ( :i* t nature is itself compos$4 ,& ! balance :]e9 consi/s ! fairness ( creation is betwe5 ! laws ( life & be+ 9 ! ?+s gov]n$ & ! laws ( g5]al sway to :i* !y are subject$2 & ! susp5sion or infr+em5t ( ei!r k9d ( law1 or1 lit]ally1 disord]1 is equival5t to1 & synonym\s )1 disease2 :ile ! increase ( bo? honor & beauty is habitually on ! side ( re/ra9t 7or ! action ( sup]ior law7 r ?an ( "* 7or ! action ( inh]5t law74 ,! noble/ ^w 9 ! catalogue ( social virtue is ,loyalty1 & ! sweete/ :i* m5 h le>n$ 9 ! pa/ures ( ! wild]ness is ,fold4 ,,iii4 ,nor is ?is all2 b we may obs]ve1 t exactly 9 proportion to ! maje/y ( ?+s 9 ! scale ( be+1 is ! complet5ess ( _! ob$i5ce to ! laws t are set ov] !m4 ,gravitation is less quietly1 less in/antly obey$ by a gra9 ( du/ ?an x is by ! sun & moon2 & ! ocean falls & fl[s "u influ5ces :i* ! lake & riv] d n recognize4 ,s also 9 e/imat+ ! dignity ( any action or occupation ( m51 !re is p]haps no bett] te/ ?an ! "q are its laws /rait8 ,= _! sev]ity w probably be comm5surate ) ! greatness ( ! numb]s ^: labor x conc5trates or ^: int]e/ x conc]ns4 ,?is sev]ity mu/ be s+ul>1 !re=e1 9 ! case ( t art1 above all o!rs1 ^: productions are ! mo/ va/ & ! mo/ common2 :i* requires = its practice ! co-op]ation ( bodies ( m51 & = its p]fection ! p]sev]ance ( successive g5]ations4 ,& tak+ into acc\nt also :at we h be=e s (t5 obs]v$ ( ,ar*itecture1 h] cont9ual influ5ce ov] ! emotions ( daily life1 & h] realism1 z oppos$ to ! two si/] arts :i* are 9 comp>ison b ! pictur+ ( /ories & ( dreams1 we might be=eh& expect t we %\ld f9d h] heal?y /ate & action dep5d5t on f> m sev]e laws ?an !irs2 t ! lic5se :i* !y ext5d to ! work+s ( individual m9d w\ld be )drawn by h]2 & t1 9 ass]tion ( ! relations :i* %e holds ) all t is univ]sally important to man1 %e w\ld set =?1 by h] own maje/ic subjection1 "s lik5ess ( t on :i* man's social happ9ess & p[] dep5d4 ,we might1 !re=e1 )\t ! light ( exp]i5ce1 conclude1 t ,ar*itecture nev] c\ld fl\ri% except :5 x 0 subject$ to a national law z /rict & z m9utely au?oritative z ! laws :i* regulate religion1 policy1 & social relations2 nay1 ev5 m au?oritative ?an ^!1 because bo? capable ( m en=cem5t1 z ov] m passive matt]2 & ne$+ m en=cem5t1 z ! pure/ type n ( "o law nor ( ano!r1 b ( ! common au?ority ( all4 ,b 9 ?is matt] exp]i5ce speaks m l\dly ?an reason4 ,if !re be any "o condition :i*1 9 wat*+ ! progress ( ar*itecture1 we see di/9ct & g5]al2 if1 amid/ ! c\nt] evid5ce ( success att5d+ opposite accid5ts ( "* & circum/ance1 any "o conclusion may be con/antly & indisputably drawn1 x is ?is2 t ! ar*itecture ( a nation is great only :5 x is z univ]sal & z e/abli%$ z its language2 & :5 prov9cial diff]5ces ( /yle are no?+ m ?an s _m dialects4 ,o!r necessities are matt]s ( d\bt3 nations h be5 alike successful 9 _! ar*itecture 9 times ( pov]ty & ( weal?2 9 times ( w> & ( peace2 9 times ( b>b>ism & ( ref9em5t2 "u gov]nm5ts ! mo/ lib]al or ! mo/ arbitr>y2 b ?is "o condition has be5 con/ant1 ?is "o requirem5t cle> 9 all places & at all times1 t ! "w %all be t ( a s*ool1 t no individual caprice %all disp5se )1 or mat]ially v>y1 accept$ types & cu/om>y decorations2 & t f ! cottage to ! palace1 & f ! *apel to ! basilica1 & f ! g>d5 f5ce to ! =tress wall1 e memb] & feature ( ! ar*itecture ( ! nation %all be z commonly curr5t1 z frankly accept$1 z its language or its co94 ,,iv4 ,a day nev] passes )\t our he>+ our ,engli% ar*itects call$ ^u to be orig9al1 & to inv5t a new /yle3 ab\t z s5sible & necess>y an exhortation z to ask ( a man :o has nev] _h rags en\gh on 8 back to keep out cold1 to inv5t a new mode ( cutt+ a coat4 ,give him a :ole coat fir/1 & let him conc]n himself ab\t ! fa%ion ( x aft]w>ds4 ,we want no new /yle ( ar*itecture4 ,:o wants a new /yle ( pa9t+ or sculpture8 ,b we want "s /yle4 ,x is ( m>vell\sly little importance1 if we h a code ( laws & !y be good laws1 :e!r !y be new or old1 =eign or native1 ,roman or ,saxon1 or ,norman or ,engli% laws4 ,b x is ( consid]able importance t we %\ld h a code ( laws ( "o k9d or ano!r1 & t code accept$ & en=c$ f "o side ( ! isl& to ano!r1 & n "o law made gr\nd ( judgm5t at ,york & ano!r 9 ,exet]4 ,& 9 l mann] x does n matt] "o m>ble spl9t] :e!r we h an old or new ar*itecture1 b x matt]s ev]y?+ :e!r we h an ar*itecture truly s call$ or n2 t is1 :e!r an ar*itecture ^: laws might be taught at our s*ools f ,cornwall to ,nor?umb]l&1 z we tea* ,engli% spell+ & ,engli% gramm>1 or an ar*itecture :i* is to be inv5t$ fre% e "t we build a workh\se or a p>i% s*ool4 ,!re seems to me to be a wond]ful misund]/&+ among ! majority ( ar*itects at ! pres5t day z to ! v nature & mean+ ( ,orig9ality1 & ( all :]e9 x consi/s4 ,orig9ality 9 expression does n dep5d on inv5tion ( new words2 nor orig9ality 9 poetry on inv5tion ( new measures2 nor1 9 pa9t+1 on inv5tion ( new colors1 or new modes ( us+ !m4 ,! *ords ( music1 ! h>monies ( color1 ! g5]al pr9ciples ( ! arrangem5t ( sculptural masses1 h be5 det]m9$ long ago1 &1 9 all probability1 _c be add$ to any m ?an !y c be alt]$4 ,grant+ t !y may be1 su* additions or alt]ations are mu* m ! "w ( "t & ( multitudes ?an ( individual inv5tors4 ,we may h "o ,van ,eyck1 :o w be kn[n z ! introduc] ( a new /yle once 9 t5 c5turies1 b he himself w trace 8 inv5tion to "s accid5tal bye-play or pursuit2 & ! use ( t inv5tion w dep5d altoge!r on ! popul> necessities or in/9cts ( ! p]iod4 ,orig9ality dep5ds on no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,a man :o has ! gift1 w take up any /yle t is go+1 ! /yle ( 8 day1 & w "w 9 t1 & be great 9 t1 & make ev]y?+ t he does 9 x look z fre% z if e ?\ght ( x _h j come d[n f heav54 ,i d n say t he w n take lib]ties ) 8 mat]ials1 or ) 8 rules3 ,i d n say t /range *anges w n sometimes be wr\ght by 8 ef=ts1 or 8 fancies1 9 bo?4 ,b ^? *anges w be in/ructive1 natural1 facile1 ?\gh sometimes m>vell\s2 !y w nev] be s\ght aft] z ?+s necess>y to 8 dignity or to 8 indep5d5ce2 & ^? lib]ties w be l ! lib]ties t a great speak] takes ) ! language1 n a defiance ( its rules = ! sake ( s+ul>ity2 b inevitable1 uncalculat$1 & brilliant consequ5ces ( an ef=t to express :at ! language1 )\t su* infraction1 c\ld n4 ,!re may be times :51 z ,i h above describ$1 ! life ( an art is manife/$ 9 its *anges1 & 9 its refusal ( anci5t limitations3 s !re are 9 ! life ( an insect2 & !re is great int]e/ 9 ! /ate ( bo? ! art & ! insect at ^? p]iods :51 by _! natural progress & con/itutional p[]1 su* *anges are ab\t to be wr\ght4 ,b z t w\ld be bo? an uncom=table & fooli% cat]pill> :i*1 in/ead ( be+ cont5t$ ) a cat]pill>'s life & fe$+ on cat]pill>'s food1 0 always /riv+ to turn itself into a *rysalis2 & z t w\ld be an unhappy *rysalis :i* %\ld lie awake at night & roll re/lessly 9 its cocoon1 9 ef=ts to turn itself prematurely into a mo?2 s w t art be unhappy & unprosp]\s :i*1 in/ead ( support+ itself on ! food1 & cont5t+ itself ) ! cu/oms :i* h be5 en\gh = ! support & guidance ( o!r arts be=e x & l x1 is /ruggl+ & frett+ "u ! natural limitations ( its exi/5ce1 & /riv+ to become some?+ o!r ?an x is4 ,& ?\gh x is ! nobility ( ! highe/ creatures to look =w>d to1 & p>tly to und]/& ! *anges :i* are appo9t$ = !m1 prep>+ = !m be=eh&2 & if1 z is usual ) appo9t$ *anges1 !y be into a high] /ate1 ev5 desir+ !m1 & rejoic+ 9 ! hope ( !m1 yet x is ! /r5g? ( e creature1 be x *angeful or n1 to re/ = ! "t be+1 cont5t$ ) ! conditions ( its exi/5ce1 & /riv+ only to br+ ab\t ! *anges :i* x desires1 by fulfill+ to ! utt]mo/ ! duties = :i* its pres5t /ate is appo9t$ & cont9u$4 ,v4 ,nei!r orig9ality1 !re=e1 nor *ange1 good ?\gh bo? may be1 & ?is is commonly a mo/ m]ciful & en?usia/ic supposition ) respect to ei!r1 are ev] to be s\ght 9 !mselves1 or c ev] be heal?ily obta9$ by any /ruggle or rebellion aga9/ common laws4 ,we want nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r4 ,! =ms ( ar*itecture already kn[n are good en\gh = u1 & = f> bett] ?an any ( u3 & x w be "t en\gh to ?9k ( *ang+ !m = bett] :5 we c use !m z !y are4 ,b !re are "s ?+s :i* we n only want1 b _c d )\t2 & :i* all ! /ruggl+ & rav+ 9 ! _w1 nay m1 :i* all ! real tal5t & resolution 9 ,engl&1 w nev] enable u to d )\t3 & ^! are ,ob$i5ce1 ,unity1 ,fell[%ip1 & ,ord]4 ,& all our s*ools ( design1 & committees ( ta/es2 all our academies & lectures1 & j\rnalisms1 & essays2 all ! sacrifices :i* we are beg9n+ to make1 all ! tru? :i* !re is 9 our ,engli% nature1 all ! p[] ( our ,engli% w1 & ! life ( our ,engli% intellect1 w 9 ?is matt] be z useless z ef=ts & emotions 9 a dream1 unless we are cont5t$ to submit ar*itecture & all art1 l o!r ?+s1 to ,engli% law4 ,,vi4 ,i say ar*itecture & all art2 = ,i believe ar*itecture mu/ be ! beg9n+ ( arts1 & t ! o!rs mu/ foll[ h] 9 _! "t & ord]2 & ,i ?9k ! prosp]ity ( our s*ools ( pa9t+ & sculpture1 9 :i* no "o w d5y ! life1 ?\gh _m ! heal?1 dep5ds ^u t ( our ar*itecture4 ,i ?9k t all w langui% until t takes ! lead1 & 7?is ,i d n ?9k1 b ,i proclaim1 z confid5tly z ,i w\ld ass]t ! necessity1 = ! safety ( society1 ( an und]/ood & /rongly adm9i/]$ legal gov]nm5t7 our ar*itecture w langui%1 & t 9 ! v du/1 until ! fir/ pr9ciple ( common s5se be manfully obey$1 & an univ]sal sy/em ( =m & workman%ip be ev]y:]e adopt$ & en=c$4 ,x may be said t ?is is impossible4 ,x may be s--,i fe> x is s3 ,i h no?+ to d ) ! possibility or impossibility ( x2 ,i simply "k & ass]t ! necessity ( x4 ,if x be impossible1 ,engli% art is impossible4 ,give x up at once4 ,y are wa/+ "t1 & money1 & en]gy ^u x1 & ?\gh y exhau/ c5turies & treasuries1 & break he>ts = x1 y w nev] raise x above ! m]e/ dilettanteism4 ,?9k n ( x4 ,x is a dang]\s vanity1 a m]e gulph 9 :i* g5ius aft] g5ius w be swall[$ up1 & x w n close4 ,& s x w cont9ue to be1 unless ! "o bold & broad /ep be tak5 at ! beg9n+4 ,we %all n manufacture art out ( pott]y & pr9t$ /uffs2 we %all n reason out art by our philosophy2 we %all n /umble ^u art by our exp]im5ts1 n create x by our fancies3 ,i d n say t we c ev5 build x out ( brick & /one2 b !re is a *ance = u 9 ^!1 & !re is none else2 & t *ance re/s on ! b>e possibility ( obta9+ ! cons5t1 bo? ( ar*itects & ( ! public1 to *oose a /yle1 & to use x univ]sally4 ,,vii4 ,h[ surely its pr9ciples ought at fir/ to be limit$1 we may easily det]m9e by ! consid]ation ( ! necess>y modes ( tea*+ any o!r bran* ( g5]al k4 ,:5 we beg9 to tea* *ildr5 writ+1 we =ce !m to absolute copyism1 & require absolute accuracy 9 ! =mation ( ! lett]s2 z !y obta9 comm& ( ! receiv$ modes ( lit]al expression1 we _c prev5t _! fall+ into su* v>iations z are consi/5t ) _! feel+1 _! circum/ances1 or _! *>act]s4 ,s1 :5 a boy is fir/ taught to write ,lat91 an au?ority is requir$ ( him = e expression he uses2 z he becomes ma/] ( ! language he may take a lic5se1 & feel 8 "r to d s )\t any au?ority1 & yet write bett] ,lat9 ?an :5 he borr[$ e sep>ate expression4 ,9 ! same way our ar*itects w\ld h to be taught to write ! accept$ /yle4 ,we mu/ fir/ det]m9e :at build+s are to be consid]$ ,augu/an 9 _! au?ority2 _! modes ( con/ruction & laws ( proportion are to be /udi$ ) ! mo/ p5etrat+ c>e2 !n ! diff]5t =ms & uses ( _! decorations are to be class$ & catalogu$1 z a ,g]man gramm>ian classes ! p[]s ( prepositions2 & "u ?is absolute1 irrefragable au?ority1 we are to beg9 to "w2 admitt+ n s mu* z an alt]ation 9 ! dep? ( a cavetto1 or ! bread? ( a fillet4 ,!n1 :5 our sight is once accu/om$ to ! grammatical =ms & arrangem5ts1 & our ?\ghts famili> ) ! expression ( !m all2 :5 we c speak ?is dead language naturally1 & apply x to :atev] ideas we h to r5d]1 t is to say1 to e practical purpose ( life2 !n1 & n till !n1 a lic5se might be p]mitt$2 & individual au?ority all[$ to *ange or to add to ! receiv$ =ms1 always )9 c]ta9 limits2 ! decorations1 especially1 might be made subjects ( v>iable fancy1 & enri*$ ) ideas ei!r orig9al or tak5 f o!r s*ools4 ,& ?us 9 process ( "t & by a great national movem5t1 x might come to pass1 t a new /yle %\ld arise1 z language itself *anges2 we might p]haps come to speak ,italian in/ead ( ,lat91 or to speak mod]n in/ead ( old ,engli%2 b ?is w\ld be a matt] ( entire indiff]5ce1 & a matt]1 besides1 :i* no det]m9ation or desire c\ld ei!r ha/5 or prev5t4 ,t alone :i* x is 9 our p[] to obta91 & :i* x is our duty to desire1 is an unanim\s /yle ( "s k9d1 & su* compreh5sion & practice ( x z w\ld enable u to adapt its features to ! peculi> "* ( e sev]al build+1 l>ge or small1 dome/ic1 civil1 or ecclesia/ical4 ,i h said t x 0 immat]ial :at /yle 0 adopt$1 s f> z reg>ds ! room = orig9ality :i* its developem5t w\ld admit3 x is n s1 h[ev]1 :5 we take into consid]ation ! f> m important que/ions ( ! facility ( adaptation to g5]al purposes1 & ( ! sympa?y ) :i* ?is or t /yle w\ld be popul>ly reg>d$4 ,! *oice ( ,classical or ,go?ic1 aga9 us+ ! latt] t]m 9 its broade/ s5se1 may be que/ionable :5 x reg>ds "s s+le & consid]able public build+2 b ,i _c conceive x que/ionable1 = an in/ant1 :5 x reg>ds mod]n uses 9 g5]al3 ,i _c conceive any ar*itect insane en\gh to project ! vulg>ization ( ,greek ar*itecture4 ,nei!r c x be rationally que/ionable :e!r we %\ld adopt e>ly or late1 orig9al or d]ivative ,go?ic3 if ! latt] 7 *os51 x mu/ be ei!r "s impot5t & ugly degradation1 l our own ,tudor1 or else a /yle ^: grammatical laws x w\ld be ne>ly impossible to limit or arrange1 l ! ,fr5* ,flamboyant4 ,we are equally preclud$ f adopt+ /yles ess5tially infant9e or b>b>\s1 h[ev] ,h]culean _! infancy1 or maje/ic _! outlawry1 su* z our own ,norman1 or ! ,lomb>d ,romanesque4 ,! *oice w\ld lie ,i ?9k betwe5 f\r /yles3--#a4 ,! ,pisan ,romanesque2 #b4 ,! e>ly ,go?ic ( ! ,we/]n ,italian ,republics1 advanc$ z f> & z fa/ z our art w\ld enable u to ! ,go?ic ( ,giotto2 #c4 ,! ,v5etian ,go?ic 9 its pure/ developem5t2 #d4 ,! ,engli% e>lie/ decorat$4 ,! mo/ natural1 p]haps ! safe/ *oice1 w\ld be ( ! la/1 well f5c$ f *ance ( aga9 /iff5+ into ! p]p5dicul>2 & p]haps enri*$ by "s m+l+ ( decorative elem5ts f ! exquisite decorat$ ,go?ic ( ,france1 ( :i*1 9 su* cases1 x w\ld be ne$ful to accept "s well kn[n examples1 z ! ,nor? door ( ,r\5 & ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,urba9 at ,troyes1 = f9al & limit+ au?orities on ! side ( decoration4 ,,viii4 ,x is almo/ impossible = u to conceive1 9 our pres5t /ate ( d\bt & ignorance1 ! sudd5 dawn ( intellig5ce & fancy1 ! rapidly increas+ s5se ( p[] & facility1 &1 9 its prop] s5se1 ( ,fre$om1 :i* su* :olesome re/ra9t w\ld in/antly cause ?r\gh\t ! :ole circle ( ! arts4 ,fre$ f ! agitation & emb>rassm5t ( t lib]ty ( *oice :i* is ! cause ( half ! discom=ts ( ! _w2 fre$ f ! accompany+ necessity ( /udy+ all pa/1 pres5t1 or ev5 possible /yles2 & enabl$1 by conc5tration ( individual1 & co-op]ation ( multitud9\s en]gy1 to p5etrate into ! utt]mo/ secrets ( ! adopt$ /yle1 ! ar*itect w\ld f9d 8 :ole und]/&+ enl>g$1 8 practical k c]ta9 & ready to h&1 & 8 imag9ation playful & vigor\s1 z a *ild's w\ld be )9 a wall$ g>d51 :o w\ld sit d[n & %udd] if he 7 left free 9 a f5celess pla94 ,h[ _m & h[ bright w\ld be ! results 9 e direction ( int]e/1 n to ! arts m]ely1 b to national happ9ess & virtue1 x w\ld be z difficult to preconceive z x w\ld seem extravagant to /ate3 b ! fir/1 p]haps ! lea/1 ( !m w\ld be an increas$ s5se ( fell[%ip among ourselves1 a cem5t+ ( e patriotic bond ( union1 a pr\d & happy recognition ( our affection = & sympa?y ) ea* o!r1 & our will+ness 9 all ?+s to submit ourselves to e law t w\ld advance ! int]e/ ( ! community2 a b>ri]1 also1 ! be/ conceivable1 to ! unhappy rivalry ( ! upp] & middle classes1 9 h\ses1 furniture1 & e/abli%m5ts2 & ev5 a *eck to mu* ( :at is z va9 z x is pa9ful 9 ! oppositions ( religi\s p>ties respect+ matt]s ( ritual4 ,^!1 ,i say1 w\ld be ! fir/ consequ5ces4 ,economy increas$ t5fold1 z x w\ld be by ! simplicity ( practice2 dome/ic com=ts un9t]f]$ ) by ! caprice & mi/akes ( ar*itects ignorant ( ! capacities ( ! /yles !y use1 & all ! symmetry & sightl9ess ( our h>moniz$ /reets & public build+s1 are ?+s ( slight] acc\nt 9 ! catalogue ( b5efits4 ,b x w\ld be m]e en?usiasm to endeavor to trace !m f>!r4 ,i h suff]$ myself too long to indulge 9 ! speculative /atem5t ( requirem5ts :i* p]haps we h m imm$iate & m s]i\s "w ?an to supply1 & ( feel+s :i* x may be only cont+5tly 9 our p[] to recov]4 ,i %\ld be unju/ly ?\ght unaw>e ( ! difficulty ( :at ,i h propos$1 or ( ! unimportance ( ! :ole subject z comp>$ ) _m :i* are br\ght home to our int]e/s & fix$ ^u our consid]ation by ! wild c\rse ( ! pres5t c5tury4 ,b ( difficulty & ( importance x is = o!rs to judge4 ,i h limit$ myself to ! simple /atem5t ( :at1 if we desire to h ar*itecture1 we ,,mu/ prim>ily endeavor to feel & d3 b !n x may n be desirable = u to h ar*itecture at all4 ,!re are _m :o feel x to be s2 _m :o sacrifice mu* to t end2 & ,i am sorry to see _! en]gies wa/$ & _! lives disquiet$ 9 va94 ,i h /at$1 !re=e1 ! only ways 9 :i* t end is atta9able1 )\t v5tur+ ev5 to express an op9ion z to its real desirabl5ess4 ,i h an op9ion1 & ! zeal ) :i* ,i h spok5 may sometimes h betray$ x1 b ,i hold to x ) no confid5ce4 ,i "k too well ! undue importance :i* ! /udy t e man foll[s mu/ assume 9 8 own eyes1 to tru/ my own impressions ( ! dignity ( t ( ,ar*itecture2 & yet ,i ?9k ,i _c be utt]ly mi/ak5 9 reg>d+ x z at lea/ useful 9 ! s5se ( a ,national employm5t4 ,i am confirm$ 9 ?is impression by :at ,i see pass+ among ! /ates ( ,europe at ?is in/ant4 ,all ! horror1 di/ress1 & tumult :i* oppress ! =eign nations1 are traceable1 among ! o!r second>y causes ?r\gh :i* ,god is work+ out ,8 w ^u !m1 to ! simple "o ( _! n hav+ en\gh to d4 ,i am n bl9d to ! di/ress among _! op]atives2 nor d ,i d5y ! ne>] & visibly active causes ( ! movem5t3 ! recklessness ( villany 9 ! lead]s ( revolt1 ! abs5ce ( common moral pr9ciple 9 ! upp] classes1 & ( common c\rage & hone/y 9 ! heads ( gov]nm5ts4 ,b ^! causes !mselves are ultimately traceable to a deep] & simpl] "o3 ! recklessness ( ! demagogue1 ! immorality ( ! middle class1 & ! effem9acy & trea*]y ( ! noble1 are traceable 9 all ^! nations to ! commone/ & mo/ fruitful cause ( calamity 9 h\seholds--idl5ess4 ,we ?9k too mu* 9 our b5evol5t ef=ts1 m multipli$ & m va9 day by day1 ( bett]+ m5 by giv+ !m advice & in/ruction4 ,!re are few :o w take ei!r3 ! *ief ?+ !y ne$ is occupation4 ,i d n mean "w 9 ! s5se ( bread1--,i mean "w 9 ! s5se ( m5tal int]e/2 = ^? :o ei!r are plac$ above ! necessity ( labor = _! bread1 or :o w n "w al?\gh !y %\ld4 ,!re is a va/ quantity ( idle en]gy among ,european nations at ?is "t1 :i* ought to g into h&icrafts2 !re are multitudes ( idle semi-g5tlem5 :o ought to be %oemak]s & c>p5t]s2 b s9ce !y w n be ^! s long z !y c help x1 ! bus9ess ( ! philan?ropi/ is to f9d !m "s o!r employm5t ?an di/urb+ gov]nm5ts4 ,x is ( no use to tell !m !y are fools1 & t !y w only make !mselves mis]able 9 ! end z well z o!rs3 if !y h no?+ else to d1 !y w d mis*ief2 & ! man :o w n "w1 & :o has no means ( intellectual pleasure1 is z sure to become an in/rum5t ( evil z if he _h sold himself bodily to ,satan4 ,i h myself se5 en\gh ( ! daily life ( ! "y educat$ m5 ( ,france & ,italy1 to acc\nt =1 z x des]ves1 ! deepe/ national suff]+ & degradation2 & ?\gh1 = ! mo/ "p1 our comm]ce & our natural habits ( indu/ry pres]ve u f a simil> p>alysis1 yet x w\ld be wise to consid] :e!r ! =ms ( employm5t :i* we *iefly adopt or promote1 are z well calculat$ z !y might be to improve & elevate u4 ,we h j sp5t1 = in/ance1 a hundr$ & fifty millions1 ) :i* we h paid m5 = digg+ gr\nd f "o place & deposit+ x 9 ano!r4 ,we h =m$ a l>ge class ( m51 ! railway navvies1 especially reckless1 unmanageable1 & dang]\s4 ,we h ma9ta9$ besides 7let u /ate ! b5efits z fairly z possible7 a numb] ( iron f\nd]s 9 an unheal?y & pa9ful employm5t2 we h develop$ 7?is is at lea/ good7 a v l>ge am\nt ( me*anical +5uity2 & we h1 9 f9e1 atta9$ ! p[] ( go+ fa/ f "o place to ano!r4 ,meantime we h _h no m5tal int]e/ or conc]n ourselves 9 ! op]ations we h set on foot1 b h be5 left to ! usual vanities & c>es ( our exi/5ce4 ,suppose1 on ! o!r h&1 t we _h employ$ ! same sums 9 build+ beautiful h\ses & *ur*es4 ,we %\ld h ma9ta9$ ! same numb] ( m51 n 9 driv+ :eelb>r[s1 b 9 a di/9ctly te*nical1 if n intellectual1 employm5t1 & ^? :o 7 m intellig5t among !m w\ld h be5 especially happy 9 t employm5t1 z hav+ room 9 x = ! developem5t ( _! fancy1 & be+ direct$ by x to t obs]vation ( beauty :i*1 associat$ ) ! pursuit ( natural sci5ce1 at pres5t =ms ! enjoym5t ( _m ( ! m intellig5t manufactur+ op]atives4 ,( me*anical +5uity1 !re is1 ,i imag9e1 at lea/ z mu* requir$ to build a ca!dral z to cut a tunnel or contrive a locomotive3 we %\ld1 !re=e1 h develop$ z mu* sci5ce1 :ile ! arti/ical elem5t ( intellect w\ld h be5 add$ to ! ga94 ,meantime we %\ld ourselves h be5 made happi] & wis] by ! int]e/ we %\ld h tak5 9 ! "w ) :i* we 7 p]sonally conc]n$2 & :5 all 0 done1 in/ead ( ! v d\btful advantage ( ! p[] ( go+ fa/ f place to place1 we %\ld h _h ! c]ta9 advantage ( increas$ pleasure 9 /opp+ at home4 ,,ix4 ,!re are _m o!r less capaci\s1 b m con/ant1 *annels ( exp5diture1 q z disputable 9 _! b5eficial t5d5cy2 & we are1 p]haps1 h>dly en\gh 9 ! habit ( inquir+1 ) respect to any p>ticul> =m ( luxury or any cu/om>y appliance ( life1 :e!r ! k9d ( employm5t x gives to ! op]ative or ! dep5dant be z heal?y & fitt+ an employm5t z we might o!rwise provide = him4 ,x is n en\gh to f9d m5 absolute subsi/5ce2 we %\ld ?9k ( ! mann] ( life :i* our dem&s necessitate2 & endeavor1 z f> z may be1 to make all our ne$s su* z may1 9 ! supply ( !m1 raise1 z well z fe$1 ! poor4 ,x is f> bett] to give "w :i* is above ! m51 ?an to educate ! m5 to be above _! "w4 ,x may be d\bt$1 = in/ance1 :e!r ! habits ( luxury1 :i* necessitate a l>ge tra9 ( m5 s]vants1 be a :olesome =m ( exp5diture2 & m1 :e!r ! pursuits :i* h a t5d5cy to enl>ge ! class ( ! jockey & ! groom be a philan?ropic =m ( m5tal occupation4 ,s aga91 consid] ! l>ge numb] ( m5 ^: lives are employ$ by civiliz$ nations 9 cutt+ facets ^u jewels4 ,!re is mu* dext]ity ( h&1 pati5ce1 & +5uity ?us be/[$1 :i* are simply burn$ out 9 ! blaze ( ! ti>a1 )\t1 s f> z ,i see1 be/[+ any pleasure ^u ^? :o we> or :o behold1 at all comp5satory = ! loss ( life & m5tal p[] :i* are involv$ 9 ! employm5t ( ! workman4 ,he w\ld be f> m heal?ily & happily su/a9$ by be+ set to c>ve /one2 c]ta9 qualities ( 8 m9d1 = :i* !re is no room 9 8 pres5t occupation1 w\ld develope !mselves 9 ! nobl]2 & ,i believe t mo/ wom5 w\ld1 9 ! end1 pref] ! pleasure ( hav+ built a *ur*1 or contribut$ to ! adornm5t ( a ca!dral1 to ! pride ( be>+ a c]ta9 quantity ( adamant on _! =eheads4 ,x4 ,i c\ld pursue ?is subject will+ly1 b ,i h "s /range notions ab\t x :i* x is p]haps wis] n loosely to set d[n4 ,i cont5t myself ) f9ally reass]t+1 :at has be5 ?r\gh\t ! burd5 ( ! prec$+ pages1 t :atev] rank1 or :atev] importance1 may be attribut$ or atta*$ to _! imm$iate subject1 !re is at lea/ "s value 9 ! analogies ) :i* its pursuit has pres5t$ u1 & "s in/ruction 9 ! frequ5t ref]5ce ( its commone/ necessities to ! mighty laws1 9 ! s5se & scope ( :i* all m5 are ,build]s1 :om e h\r sees lay+ ! /ubble or ! /one4 ,i h paus$1 n once nor twice1 z ,i wrote1 & (t5 h *eck$ ! c\rse ( :at might o!rwise h be5 importunate p]suasion1 z ! ?\ght has cross$ me1 h[ soon all ,ar*itecture may be va91 except t :i* is n made ) h&s4 ,!re is some?+ om9\s 9 ! light :i* has enabl$ u to look back ) disda9 ^u ! ages among ^: lovely ve/iges we h be5 w&]+4 ,i c\ld smile :5 ,i he> ! hopeful exultation ( _m1 at ! new rea* ( worldly sci5ce1 & vigor ( worldly ef=t2 z if we 7 aga9 at ! beg9n+ ( days4 ,!re is ?und] on ! horizon z well z dawn4 ,! sun 0 ris5 ^u ! e>? :5 ,lot ent]$ into ,zo>4 ,,notes ,,note ,i4 ,page #ba4 ,) ! idolatr\s ,egyptian4 ,! probability is inde$ slight 9 comp>ison1 b x is a probability nev]!less1 & "o :i* is daily on ! increase4 ,i tru/ t ,i may n be ?\ght to und]rate ! dang] ( su* sympa?y1 ?\gh ,i speak lightly ( ! *ance ( x4 ,i h confid5ce 9 ! c5tral religi\s body ( ! ,engli% & ,scotti% p1 z be+ n only unta9t$ ) ,romanism1 b immoveably adv]se to x3 &1 h[ev] /rangely & swiftly ! h]esy ( ! ,prote/ant & victory ( ! ,papi/ may seem to be ext5d+ among u1 ,i feel assur$ t !re are b>ri]s 9 ! liv+ fai? ( ?is nation :i* nei!r c ov]pass4 ,yet ?is confid5ce is only 9 ! ultimate fai?fulness ( a few1 n 9 ! security ( ! nation f ! s9 & ! puni%m5t ( p>tial apo/asy4 ,bo? h1 inde$1 9 "s sort1 be5 committ$ & suff]$ already2 &1 9 express+ my belief ( ! close connection ( ! di/ress & burd5 :i* ! mass ( ! p at pres5t su/a91 ) ! enc\ragem5t :i*1 9 v>i\s directions1 has be5 giv5 to ! ,papi/1 d n let me be call$ sup]/iti\s or irrational4 ,no man 0 ev] m incl9$ ?an ,i1 bo? by natural disposition & by _m ties ( e>ly association1 to a sympa?y ) ! pr9ciples & =ms ( ! ,romani/ ,*ur*2 & !re is mu* 9 its discipl9e :i* consci5ti\sly1 z well z sympa!tically1 ,i c\ld love & advocate4 ,b1 9 confess+ ?is /r5g? ( affectionate prejudice1 surely ,i v9dicate m respect = my firmly express$ belief1 t ! entire doctr9e & sy/em ( t ,*ur* is 9 ! fulle/ s5se anti-,*ri/ian2 t its ly+ & idolatr\s ,p[] is ! d>ke/ plague t ev] held commission to hurt ! ,e>?2 t all ^? ye>n+s = unity & fell[%ip1 & common ob$i5ce1 :i* h be5 ! root ( our late h]esies1 are z false 9 _! gr\nds z fatal 9 _! t]m9ation2 t we nev] c h ! remote/ fell[%ip ) ! utt]]s ( t fe>ful ,falsehood1 & live2 t we h no?+ to look to f !m b trea*]\s ho/ility2 & t1 exactly 9 proportion to ! /]nness ( our sep>ation f !m1 w be n only ! spiritual b ! temporal bless+s grant$ by ,god to ?is c\ntry4 ,h[ close has be5 ! correspond5ce hi!rto betwe5 ! degree ( resi/ance to ,romanism m>k$ 9 our national acts1 & ! honor ) :i* ^? acts h be5 cr[n$1 has be5 suffici5tly prov$ 9 a %ort essay by a writ] ^: inve/igations into ! influ5ce ( ,religion ^u ! fate ( ,nations h be5 s+ul>ly e>ne/ & successful--a writ] ) :om ,i fai?fully & firmly believe t ,engl& w nev] be prosp]\s aga91 & t ! honor ( h] arms w be t>ni%$1 & h] comm]ce blight$1 & h] national "* degrad$1 until ! ,romani/ is expell$ f ! place :i* has impi\sly be5 conc$$ to him among h] legislators4 ,:atev] be ! lot ( ^? to :om error is an inh]itance1 woe be to ! man & ! p to :om x is an adoption4 ,if ,engl&1 free above all o!r nations1 su/a9$ amid/ ! trials :i* h cov]$ ,europe1 be=e h] eyes1 ) burn+ & slaught]1 & enlight5$ by ! fulle/ k ( div9e tru?1 %all refuse fidelity to ! compact by :i* ^? mat*less privileges h be5 giv51 h] condemnation w n l+]4 ,%e has already made "o /ep full ( dang]4 ,%e has committ$ ! capital error ( mi/ak+ t = a purely political "q :i* 0 a purely religi\s "o4 ,h] foot already hangs ov] ! edge ( ! precipice4 ,x mu/ be retract$1 or ! empire is b a "n4 ,9 ! cl\ds & d>kness :i* seem to be deep5+ on all human policy--9 ! ga!r+ tumults ( ,europe1 & ! fev]i% discont5ts at home--x may be ev5 difficult to disc]n :]e ! p[] yet lives to erect ! fall5 maje/y ( ! con/itution once m4 ,b !re are mighty means 9 s9c]ity2 & if no miracle 0 ev] wr\ght = ! fai?less & despair+1 ! c\ntry t w help itself w nev] be left de/itute ( ! help ( ,heav5 7,hi/orical ,essays1 by ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,croly1 #ahdb74 ,! fir/ ( ^! essays1 ,engl& ! ,=tress ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,i mo/ e>ne/ly recomm5d to ! m$itation ( ^? :o d\bt t a special puni%m5t is inflict$ by ! ,deity ^u all national crime1 & p]haps1 ( all su* crime mo/ in/antly ^u ! betrayal on ! "p ( ,engl& ( ! tru? & fai? ) :i* %e has be5 entru/$4 ,,note ,,ii4 ,page #be4 ,n ! gift1 b ! giv+4 ,mu* att5tion has lately be5 direct$ to ! subject ( religi\s art1 & we are n[ 9 possession ( all k9ds ( int]pretations & classifications ( x1 & ( ! lead+ facts ( its hi/ory4 ,b ! greate/ "q ( all connect$ ) x rema9s entirely unansw]$1 ,:at good did x d to real religion8 ,!re is no subject into :i* ,i %\ld s mu* rejoice to see a s]i\s & consci5ti\s inquiry in/itut$ z ?is2 an inquiry nei!r und]tak5 9 arti/ical en?usiasm nor 9 monki% sympa?y1 b dogg$1 m]ciless & fe>less4 ,i love ! religi\s art ( ,italy z well z mo/ m51 b !re is a wide diff]5ce betwe5 lov+ x z a manife/ation ( individual feel+1 & look+ to x z an in/rum5t ( popul> b5efit4 ,i h n k en\gh to =m ev5 ! %ad[ ( an op9ion on ?is latt] po9t1 & ,i %\ld be mo/ grateful to any "o :o w\ld put x 9 my p[] to d s4 ,!re are1 z x seems to me1 ?ree di/9ct que/ions to be consid]$3 ! fir/1 ,:at has be5 ! effect ( ext]nal spl5dor on ! g5u95ess & e>ne/ness ( ,*ri/ian wor%ip8 ! second1 ,:at ! use ( pictorial or sculptural repres5tation 9 ! communication ( ,*ri/ian hi/orical k1 or excitem5t ( affectionate imag9ation8 ! ?ird1 ,:at ! influ5ce ( ! practice ( religi\s art on ! life ( ! arti/8 ,9 answ]+ ^! inquiries1 we %\ld h to consid] sep>ately e collat]al influ5ce & circum/ance2 &1 by a mo/ subtle analysis1 to elim9ate ! real effect ( art f ! effects ( ! abuses ) :i* x 0 associat$4 ,?is c\ld be done only by a ,*ri/ian2 n a man :o w\ld fall 9 love ) a sweet color or sweet expression1 b :o w\ld look = true fai? & consi/5t life z ! object ( all4 ,x nev] has be5 done yet1 & ! "q rema9s a subject ( va9 & endless cont5tion betwe5 p>ties ( opposite prejudices & temp]am5ts4 ,,note ,,iii4 ,page #bf4 ,to ! concealm5t ( :at is really good or great4 ,i h (t5 be5 surpris$ at ! supposition t ,romanism1 ,9 its pres5t condition1 c\ld ei!r patronise art or pr(it by x4 ,! noble pa9t$ w9d[s ( ,/4 ,macl\ at ,r\51 & _m o!r *ur*es 9 ,france1 are entirely block$ up beh9d ! alt>s by ! erection ( huge gild$ wood5 sunbeams1 ) int]sp]s$ *]ubs4 ,,note ,,iv4 ,page #cc4 ,) diff]5t patt]n ( trac]ies 9 ea*4 ,i h c]ta9ly n exam9$ ! sev5 hundr$ & f\r trac]ies 7f\r to ea* ni*e7 s z to be sure t none are alike2 b !y h ! aspect ( cont9ual v>iation1 & ev5 ! roses ( ! p5dants ( ! small gro9$ ni*e ro(s are all ( diff]5t patt]ns4 ,,note ,v4 ,page #dc4 ,its flamboyant trac]ies ( ! la/ & mo/ degrad$ =ms4 ,!y are notic$ by ,mr4 ,:ewell z =m+ ! figure ( ! fleur-de-lis1 always a m>k1 :5 9 trac]y b>s1 ( ! mo/ debas$ flamboyant4 ,x occurs 9 ! c5tral t[] ( ,bayeux1 v ri*ly 9 ! buttresses ( ,/4 ,g]vais at ,falaise1 & 9 ! small ni*es ( "s ( ! dome/ic build+s at ,r\54 ,nor is x only ! t[] ( ,/4 ,ou5 :i* is ov]rat$4 ,its nave is a base imitation1 9 ! flamboyant p]iod1 ( an e>ly ,go?ic arrangem5t2 ! ni*es on its pi]s are b>b>isms2 !re is a huge squ>e %aft run ?r\gh ! ceil+ ( ! aisles to support ! nave pi]s1 ! uglie/ excresc5ce ,i ev] saw on a ,go?ic build+2 ! trac]ies ( ! nave are ! mo/ insipid & fad$ flamboyant2 ^? ( ! transept cl]e/ory pres5t a s+ul>ly di/ort$ condition ( p]p5dicul>2 ev5 ! elaborate door ( ! s\? transept is1 = its f9e p]iod1 extravagant & almo/ grotesque 9 its foliation & p5dants4 ,!re is no?+ truly f9e 9 ! *ur* b ! *oir1 ! light tri=ium1 & tall cl]e/ory1 ! circle ( ,ea/]n *apels1 ! details ( sculpture1 & ! g5]al lightness ( proportion2 ^! m]its be+ se5 to ! utmo/ advantage by ! fre$om ( ! body ( ! *ur* f all incumbrance4 ,,note ,,vi4 ,page #dc4 ,comp>e ,iliad ,greek3 ,s4 #a4 #bai ) ,odyssey ,greek3 ,o4 #a4 #e-aj4 ,,note ,,vii4 ,page #dd4 ,does n admit iron z a con/ructive mat]ial4 ,except 9 ,*auc]'s noble temple ( ,m>s4 ,& d\nw>d f an hill "u a b5t1 ,!r /ood ! temple ( ,m>s1 armipot5t1 ,wr\ght all ( burn$ /ele1 ( :i* ?' entree ,0 longe & /reite1 & ga/ly = to see4 ,& !re\t came a rage & swi*e a vise1 ,t x made all ! gates = to rise4 ,! nor!rn light 9 at ! dore %one1 ,= w9d[ on ! wall ne 0 !r none1 ,?urgh :i* m5 might5 any light disc]ne ,! dore 0 all ( a?amant et]ne1 ,ycl5*$ ov]?w>t & ende long ,) yr5 t\gh1 & = to make x /rong1 ,e pil] ! temple to su/5e ,0 tonne-gret1 ( yr5 bright & %5e4 ,! ,knighte's ,tale4 ,!re is1 by ! bye1 an exquisite piece ( ar*itectural color j be=e3 ,& nor?w>d1 9 a turret on ! wall ,( alaba/] :ite1 & r$ corall1 ,an oratorie ri*e = to see1 ,9 wor%ip ( ,diane ( ,*a/itee4 ,,note ,,viii4 ,page #dd4 ,! ,build]s ( ,salisbury4 ,?is way ( ty+ walls toge!r ) iron1 in/ead ( mak+ !m ( t sub/ance & =m1 t !y %all naturally poise !mselves ^u _! buttm5t1 is aga9/ ! rules ( good ar*itecture1 n only because iron is corruptible by ru/1 b because x is fallaci\s1 hav+ unequal ve9s 9 ! metal1 "s places ( ! same b> be+ ?ree times /rong] ?an o!rs1 & yet all s\nd to appe>ance4 ,survey ( ,salisbury ,ca!dral 9 #affh1 by ,sir ,c4 ,wr54 ,= my own "p1 ,i ?9k x bett] "w to b9d a t[] ) iron1 ?an to support a false dome by a brick pyramid4 ,,note ,,ix4 ,page #fj4 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,9 ?is plate1 figures #d1 #e1 & #f1 are glaz$ w9d[s1 b fig4 #b is ! op5 light ( a belfry t[]1 & figures #a & #c are 9 tri=ia1 ! latt] also occurr+ fill$1 on ! c5tral t[] ( ,c\tances4 ,,note ,x4 ,page #id4 ,ornam5ts ( ! transept t[]s ( ,r\54 ,! read] _c b obs]ve agreeabl5ess1 z a m]e arrangem5t ( %ade1 :i* especially belongs to ! sacr$ trefoil4 ,i d n ?9k t ! elem5t ( foliation has be5 en\gh insi/$ ^u 9 its intimate relations ) ! p[] ( ,go?ic "w4 ,if ,i 7 ask$ :at 0 ! mo/ di/9ctive feature ( its p]fect /yle1 ,i %\ld say ! ,trefoil4 ,x is ! v s\l ( x2 & ,i ?9k ! lovelie/ ,go?ic is always =m$ ^u simple & bold trac+s ( x1 tak+ place betwe5 ! blank lancet ar* on ! "o h&1 & ! ov]*>g$ c9quefoil$ ar* on ! o!r4 ,,note ,,xi4 ,page #ie4 ,& levell$ cusps ( /one4 ,! plate repres5ts "o ( ! lat]al w9d[s ( ! ?ird /ory ( ! ,palazzo ,fosc>i4 ,x 0 drawn f ! opposite side ( ! ,gr& ,canal1 & ! l9es ( its trac]ies are !re=e giv5 z !y appe> 9 some:at di/ant effect4 ,x %[s only segm5ts ( ! *>act]i/ic quatrefoils ( ! c5tral w9d[s4 ,i f\nd by measurem5t _! con/ruction exce$+ly simple4 ,f\r circles are drawn 9 contact )9 ! l>ge circle4 ,two tang5tial l9es are !n drawn to ea* opposite pair1 enclos+ ! f\r circles 9 a holl[ cross4 ,an inn] circle /ruck ?r\gh ! int]sections ( ! circles by ! tang5ts1 truncates ! cusps4 ,,note ,,xii4 ,page #abd4 ,into v]tical equal p>ts4 ,n absolutely s4 ,!re are v>iations p>tly accid5tal 7or at lea/ compell$ by ! ar*itect's ef=t to recov] ! v]tical71 betwe5 ! sides ( ! /ories2 & ! upp] & l[] /ory are tall] ?an ! re/4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 an app>5t equality betwe5 five out ( ! eight ti]s4 ,,note ,,xiii4 ,page #acc4 ,nev] pa9t a column ) v]tical l9es4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t any patt]n :i* gives oppon5t l9es 9 its p>ts1 may be arrang$ on l9es p>allel ) ! ma9 /ructure4 ,?us1 r[s ( diamonds1 l spots on a snake's back1 or ! bones on a /urgeon1 are exquisitely appli$ bo? to v]tical & spiral columns4 ,! lovelie/ in/ances ( su* decoration t ,i "k1 are ! pill>s ( ! cloi/] ( ,/4 ,john ,lat]an1 lately illu/rat$ by ,mr4 ,digby ,wyatt1 9 8 mo/ valuable & fai?ful "w on antique mosaic4 ,,note ,,xiv4 ,page #aci4 ,on ! cov] ( ?is volume ! read] w f9d "s figure outl9es ( ! same p]iod & "*1 f ! floor ( ,san ,m9iato at ,flor5ce4 ,i h to ?ank its design]1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,h>ry ,rog]s1 = 8 intellig5t arrangem5t ( !m1 & graceful adaptation ( ! connect+ arabesque4 7,/amp on clo? cov] ( ,london edition47 ,,note ,,xv4 ,page #afi4 ,! fl[]s lo/ _! light1 ! riv] its music4 ,yet n all _! light1 nor all _! music4 ,comp>e ,mod]n ,pa9t]s1 vol4 ii4 sec4 #a4 *ap4 iv4 ,,section #h4 ,,note ,,xvi4 ,page #aha4 ,by ! arti/s ( ! "t ( ,p]ides4 ,?is subord9ation 0 fir/ rem>k$ to me by a fri5d1 ^: pr(\nd k ( ,greek art w n1 ,i tru/1 be res]v$ always = ! advantage ( 8 fri5ds only3 ,mr4 ,c4 ,newton1 ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,,note ,,xvii4 ,page #ahh4 ,9 "o ( ! noble/ poems4 ,col]idge's ,ode to ,france3 ,ye ,cl\ds6 t f> above me float & pause1 ,^: pa?less m>* no mortal may control6 ,ye ,ocean-,waves6 t :]esoe'er ye roll1 ,yield homage only to et]nal laws6 ,ye ,woods6 t li/5 to ! night-birds s++4 ,midway ! smoo? & p]il\s slope recl9$1 ,save :5 y\r own imp]i\s bran*es sw++1 ,h made a solemn music ( ! w9d6 ,:]e1 l a man belov$ ( ,god1 ,?r\gh glooms1 :i* nev] woodman trod1 ,h[ (t1 pursu+ fancies holy1 ,my moonlight way o'er fl[]+ we$s ,i w\nd1 ,inspir$1 beyond ! guess ( folly1 ,by ea* rude %ape & wild unconqu]able s\nd6 ,o ye l\d ,waves6 & ,o ye ,=e/s high6 ,& ,o ye ,cl\ds t f> above me so>$6 ,?\ ris+ ,sun6 ?\ blue rejoic+ ,sky6 ,yea1 ev]y?+ t is & w be free6 ,be> witness = me1 :]esoe'er ye be1 ,) :at deep wor%ip ,i h /ill ador$ ,! _s ( div9e/ ,lib]ty4 ,noble v]se1 b err+ ?\ght3 contra/ ,george ,h]b]t3-- ,slight ^? :o say amid/ _! sickly heal?s1 ,?\ live/ by rule4 ,:at do? n s b man8 ,h\ses are built by rule & ,commonweal?s4 ,entice ! tru/y sun1 if t y c1 ,f 8 ecliptic l9e2 beckon ! sky4 ,:o lives by rule !n1 keeps good company4 ,:o keeps no gu>d ^u himself is slack1 ,& rots to no?+ at ! next great ?aw2 ,man is a %op ( rules3 a well-truss'd pack ,^: e p>cel und]writes a law4 ,lose n ?yself1 nor give ?y humors way2 ,god gave !m to !e "u lock & key4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,passages 9 italics are surr\nd$ by und]scores4 #b4 ,! orig9al text includes ,greek *>act]s4 ,= ?is text v]sion ^! lett]s h be5 replac$ ) translit]ations4 #c4 ,numb]$ subscript is repres5t$ us+ und]score4 ,= in/ance1 a#b indicates lett] a ) subscript #b4 #d4 ,! orig9al text includes c]ta9 *>act]s ) ov]l9e4 ,= ?is v]sion1 su* lett]s h be5 prece$$ ) equals sign enclos$ 9 squ>e brackets4 ,= in/ance1 a indicates lett] a ) ov]l9e4