,frontispiece3 ,john1 third ,marquess of ,bute1 with his ,mother aet #i from a picture at ,mount ,stuart ,,john ,,patrick ,,third ,,marquess ,,of ,,bute1 ,k4,t4 7#ahdg-aijj7 ,a ,,memoir ,,by ,,the ,,right ,,rev4 ,,sir ,,david ,,hunter ,,blair ,,bt41 ,o4,s4,b4 ,,author ,,of ,a ,,medley ,of ,,memories1 ,,etc4 ,,with ,,portraits ,,and ,,illustrations ,,london ,,john ,,murray1 ,,albemarle ,,street1 ,w4 #aiba ,all rights reserved ,,to ,,the ,,memory ,,of ,,my ,,friend vii ,,preface ,just twenty years have passed away since the death1 at the age of little more than fifty1 of the subject of this memoir--a period of time not indeed inconsiderable1 yet not so long as to render unreasonable the hope that others besides the members of his family 7who have long desired that there should be some printed record of his life71 and the sadly diminished numbers of his intimate friends1 may be interested in learning something of the personality and the career of a man who may justly be regarded as one of the not least remarkable1 if one of the least known1 figures of the closing years of the nineteenth century4 ,disraeli1 when he published fifty years ago his most popular romance1 thought fit to place on the title-page a motto from old ,terence3 ,nosse omnia haec salus est adulescentulis4#a ,was he really of opinion--it is difficult to credit it--that the welfare of the youth of his generation depended on their familiarising themselves with the wholly imaginary life-story of ,lothair8 the romantic1 sentimental1 and somewhat invertebrate youth who owed such viii fame as he achieved to the fact that he was popularly supposed to be modelled on the young ,lord ,bute--though never1 in truth1 did any hero of fiction bear less resemblance to his fancied prototype4 ,the present biographer ventures to think that the motto of ,lothair might with greater propriety figure on the title-page of this volume4 ,for there is at least one feature in the life of ,john third ,marquess of ,bute which teaches a salutary lesson and points an undoubted moral to a pleasure-loving generation1 such a lesson and moral as it would be vain to look for in the puppet of ,disraeli's ,oriental fancy4 ,if there is any characteristic which stands out in that life more saliently than another1 it is surely the strong and compelling sense of duty--a sense1 it is to be noticed1 acquired rather than congenital1 for ,bute was by nature and constitution1 as an acute observer early remarked1#b inclined to indolence--which runs all through it like a silver thread4 ,other traits1 and marked ones1 he no doubt possessed--among them a penetrating sense of religion1 a curious tenderness of heart1 a singular tenacity of purpose1 and a deep veneration for all that is good and beautiful in the natural and supernatural world2 but these were for the most part below the surface1 though the pages of this record are not without evidence of them all4 ,but in the whole external conduct of his life it may be said that the desire of doing his duty was paramount with him--his duty to ,god and to man2 his duty1 above all1 to the innumerable human beings ix whose happiness and welfare his great position and manifold responsibilities rendered to some extent dependent on him2 and1 finally1 his duty in such public offices as he was called on to fill1 and from which his diffidence of character and aversion from anything like personal display would have naturally inclined him to shrink4 ,if the writer has succeeded in presenting in these pages something of this aspect of the life and character of his departed friend with anything like the vividness with which1 at the end of twenty years1 they still remain impressed on his own memory1 he will be well content4 ,the true life of a man1 wrote ,john ,henry ,newman nearly sixty years ago1#c is in his letters2 and no apology is needed for the inclusion in this volume of some1 at least1 of the large number of ,lord ,bute's letters which have been placed at the disposal of his biographer1 and for the use of which he takes this opportunity of thanking the several owners4 ,bute possessed in a high degree the essential qualities of a good letter-writer--a remarkable command of language1 the power of clear and forcible expression1 and 7not least7 a salutary sense of humour2 and his voluminous correspondence1 especially in connection with his literary work1 was always and thoroughly characteristic of himself4 x ,the writer desires1 in conclusion1 to express his gratitude not only for the loan of ,lord ,bute's letters1 but for the kind help he has received from many quarters in the elucidation 7especially7 of details regarding his childhood and youth4 ,in this connection his thanks are particularly due to the late ,earl of ,galloway and his sisters for their interesting reminiscences of ,bute's boyhood at ,galloway ,house2 and also to the family of the late ,mr4 ,charles ,scott ,murray for some particulars of his life during the critical years of his early manhood4 ,,david ,,oswald ,,hunter ,,blair1 ,o4,s4,b4 ,,christmas1 #aibj4 #a ,it is for the profit of young men to have known all these things4 ,terence1 ,eunuchus1 v4 #d1 #ah4 #b ,mgr4 ,capel4 ,post1 p4 #ge4 ,see also p4 #aaa4 #c ,it has ever been a hobby of mine1 though perhaps it is a truism1 not a hobby1 that the true life of a man is in his letters4444 ,not only for the interest of a biography1 but for the arriving at the insides of things1 the publication of letters is the true method4 ,biographers varnish1 they conjecture feelings1 they assign motives1 they interpret ,lord ,burleigh's nods2 but contemporary letters are facts4 7,newman to his sister1 ,mrs4 ,john ,mozley1 ,may #ah1 #ahfc47 xi ,,contents ,,chapter ,,page ,i4 ,,early ,,life4 7#ahdg-ahfa7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #a ,,ii4 ,,harrow ,,and ,,christ ,,church4 7#ahfb-ahff7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ah ,,iii4 ,,religious ,,inquiries--,,reception ,,postponed--,,coming ,,of ,,age4 7#ahfg1 #ahfh7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ci ,,iv4 ,,danesfield--,,reception ,,into ,,catholic ,,church4 7#ahfg-ahfi7 #fj ,v4 ,,the ,,western ,,mail--,,rome ,,and ,,the ,,council--,,return ,,to ,,scotland4 7#ahfi-ahga7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #hc ,,vi4 ,,marriage--,,home ,,and ,,family ,,life--,,visit ,,to ,,majorca4 7#ahga-ahgd7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ajb ,,vii4 ,,literary ,,work--,,the ,,scottish ,,review4 7#ahge-ahhf7 4 4 4 #aag ,,viii4 ,,literary ,,work--continued4 7#ahhf1 #ahhg7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #acg ,,ix4 ,,foreign ,,travel--,,st4 ,,john',s ,,lodge--,,mayor ,,of ,,cardiff4 7#ahhh-ahia7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #aef ,x4 ,,freedom ,,of ,,glasgow--,,welsh ,,benefactions--,,st4 ,,andrews4 7#ahia-ahid7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #agi ,,xi4 ,,notes ,,and ,,anecdotes--,,st4 ,,andrews 7#b7--,,provost ,,of ,,rothesay4 7#ahid-ahig7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #aih ,,xii4 ,,architectural ,,work--,,psychical ,,research--,,conclusion4 7#ahih-aijj7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bae ,,appendices ,i4 ,,prize ,,poem 7,,harrow ,,school7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bca ,,ii4 ,,hymn ,,on ,,st4 ,,magnus 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bcf ,,iii4 ,,hymn3 ,,our ,,lady ,,of ,,the ,,snows 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bch ,,iv4 ,a ,,provost',s ,,prayer 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bdj ,v4 ,,recollections4 ,,by ,,sir ,r4 ,,rowand ,,anderson 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bda ,,vi4 ,,obituary4 ,,by ,f4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,myers 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bde ,,vii4 ,,bibliography 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bdg ,,index 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bdi xiii ,,list ,,of ,,illustrations ,,john1 ,,third ,,marquess ,,of ,,bute ,,aet #i1 ,,with ,,his ,,mother ,frontispiece ,from a ,painting by ,mountstuart4 ,photo by ,f4 ,c4 ,inglis1 ,edinburgh4 ,,facing ,,page ,,the ,,marquess ,,of ,,bute1 ,,aet #b 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #f ,from a ,pencil ,drawing by ,ross at ,cardiff ,castle4 ,this ,drawing1 executed for ,lord ,bute's great-grand-aunt 7then aged #ib71 daughter of the third ,earl1 ,george ,,iii's ,prime ,minister1 was left by her to her niece4 ,lady ,ann ,damson1 whose great-niece1 ,mrs4 ,clark of ,tal-y-,garn1 gave it in #aijf to ,augusta1 wife of ,john1 fourth ,marquess of ,bute4 ,,the ,,marquess ,,of ,,bute1 ,,aet #ag 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bh ,,the ,,communion ,,of ,,st4 ,,margaret1 ,,queen ,,of ,,scotland 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #dh ,,cardiff ,,castle 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ef ,,castell ,,coch1 ,,glamorgan 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #aah ,,the ,,great ,,hall1 ,,mountstuart 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #acd ,photo by ,sweet1 ,rothesay4 ,,falkland ,,palace 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #aeb ,photo by ,valentine1 ,dundee4 ,,facsimile ,,letter ,,from ,,the ,,marquess ,,of ,,bute ,,to ,,miss ,,skene 4 4 4 #agd ,,the ,,marquess ,,of ,,bute ,,as ,,mayor ,,of ,,cardiff 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #agf ,,the ,,marquess ,,of ,,bute ,,as ,,lord ,,rector ,,of ,,st4 ,,andrews ,,university4 7#ahib-ahig7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bjb ,photo by ,rodger1 ,st4 ,andrews4 ,,pluscarden ,,priory 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #baf #a ,,john ,,patrick ,,third ,,marquess ,,of ,,bute1 ,k4,t4 7#ahdg-aijj7 ,,chapter ,i ,,early ,,life #ahdg-ahfa ,john ,patrick1 third ,marquess of ,bute1 ,earl of ,windsor1 ,mountjoy and ,dumfries1 holder of nine other titles in the peerages of ,great ,britain and of ,scotland1 and a baronet of ,nova ,scotia1 was fifteenth in descent from ,robert ,,ii41 ,king of ,scotland1 who1 towards the end of the fourteenth century1 created his son ,john ,stuart1 or ,steuart1 hereditary sheriff of the newly-erected county of ,bute1 ,arran and ,cumbrae1 making to him at the same time a grant of land in those islands4 ,his lineal descendant1 the sixth sheriff of ,bute1 who adhered faithfully to the monarchy in the ,civil ,wars1 and suffered considerably in the royal cause1 was created a baronet in #afbg2 and his grandson1 a stalwart opponent of the union of ,scotland with ,england1 was raised to the peerage of ,scotland as ,earl of ,bute1 with several subsidiary titles1 in #agjb4 ,lord ,bute's grandson1 the third earl1 was the well-known ,tory minister and favourite of the young king1 ,george ,,iii41 and his mother--a faithful servant of his sovereign1 a man of culture and refinement1 admirable as husband1 father1 and friend1 and withal1 by the irony of fate1 unquestionably the most unpopular prime minister #b who ever held office in ,england4 ,his heir and successor made a great match1 marrying in #agff the eldest daughter and co-heiress of the second and last ,viscount ,windsor2 and thirty years later he was created ,marquess of ,bute1 ,earl of ,windsor1 and ,viscount ,mount joy4 ,lord ,mountstuart1 his heir1 who predeceased his father1 married ,penelope1 only surviving child and heiress of the fifth ,earl of ,dumfries and ,stair2 and the former of those titles devolved on his son1 together with valuable estates in ,ayrshire4 ,the second marquess1 who succeeded to the family honours the year before ,waterloo1 when he was just of age 7he had already travelled extensively1 and had paid a visit to ,napoleon at ,elba71 earned the reputation of being one of the most enlightened and public-spirited noblemen of his generation4 ,during the thirty-four years that he owned and controlled the vast family estates in ,wales and ,scotland1 he devoted his whole energies to their improvement1 and to promoting the welfare of his tenantry and dependents4 ,his practical interest in agriculture was evinced by the fact that the arable land on his ,buteshire property was trebled during his tenure of it2 and foreseeing with remarkable prescience the great future in store for the port and docks of ,cardiff1 he spared neither labour nor means in their development4 ,he was ,lord-,lieutenant both of ,glamorgan and of ,bute1 and discharged with tact and success the office of ,lord ,high ,commissioner to the ,church of ,scotland in #ahdb1 on the eve of the ecclesiastical crisis which ended in the secession of more than #djj ministers of the ,establishment4 ,his political opinions were in the best sense liberal1 and he was a consistent advocate of ,catholic ,emancipation1 even when that #c measure was opposed by the ,duke of ,wellington1 whom he generally supported4 ,a few hours before his death1 which occurred at ,cardiff ,castle with startling suddenness in ,march1 #ahdh1 he had expressed the confident hope that his successor1 if not he himself1 would live to see ,cardiff rival ,liverpool as a great commercial seaport4 ,sidenote3 #ahdg1 ,birth at ,mountstuart ,lord ,bute was twice married--first to ,lady ,maria ,north1 of the ,guilford family1 by whom he had no issue2 and secondly1 three years before his death1 to ,lady ,sophia ,hastings1 second daughter of the first ,marquess of ,hastings4 ,by this lady1 who survived him eleven years1 he had one child1 ,john ,patrick1 the subject of this memoir1 who was born on ,september #ab1 #ahdg1 at ,mountstuart ,house1 the older mansion of that name in the ,isle of ,bute1 which was burnt down in #ahgg and replaced by the great ,gothic pile designed by ,sir ,robert ,rowand ,anderson4 ,old ,mountstuart was an unpretending eighteenth-century house1 built by ,james1 second ,earl of ,bute 7#afij-agbc71 a few years before his early death4 ,it was the favourite residence of his son the third earl1 ,george ,,iii4's prime minister1 who is commemorated by an obelisk in the grounds not far from the house4 ,the wings at the two extremities escaped the fire1 and are incorporated in the modern mansion4 ,here1 then1 on the fair green island which had been the home of his race for nearly five centuries1 opened the life of this child of many hopes1 who within a year was by a cruel stroke of fate to be deprived of the guardianship and guidance of his amiable and excellent father4 ,the second marquess died1 as has been said1 deeply regretted1 in the spring following the birth of his heir2 and the manifold #d honours and possessions of the family devolved upon a baby six months old4 ,up to his thirteenth year the fatherless boy was under the constant and unremitting care of a devoted mother1 whose memory he cherished with veneration to the end of his life4 ,sophia ,lady ,bute was a woman of warm heart and deep personal piety1 tinged1 however1 with an uncompromising ,protestantism commoner in that day than in ours4 ,one of her fondest hopes or dreams was the conversion to her own faith of the numerous ,irish ,catholics whom the development of the port of ,cardiff1 and the rapid growth of the mining industry1 had attracted to ,south ,wales2 and the venerable ,benedictine bishop who had at that time the spiritual charge of the district1 and for whom ,lord ,bute had a sincere regard and respect1 used to tell of the band of colporteurs 7peripatetic purveyors of bibles and polemical tracts7 whom the marchioness engaged to hawk their wares about the mining villages of ,glamorgan4 ,lord ,bute's upbringing as a child was1 by the force of circumstances1 under entirely feminine influences and surroundings2 and to this fact was probably to some extent due the strain of shyness and sensitive diffidence which were among his life-long characteristics4 ,he seems to have been inclined sometimes to resent1 even in his early boyhood1 the strictness of the surveillance under which he lived4 ,his mother once took him from ,dumfries ,house to call at ,blairquhan ,castle1 driving thither in a carriage and four1 as her custom was4 ,while the ladies were conversing in the drawing-room1 a young married daughter of the house took the little boy out to see the gardens1 ending with a call at the head gamekeeper's4 ,a day or two afterwards #e the chatelaine of ,blairquhan received a letter from ,lady ,bute1 expressing her dismay1 indignation1 and distress at learning that her precious boy had actually been taken to the kennels1 and exposed to the risk of contact with half a dozen pointers and setters4 ,when reminded many years later of this incident 7which he had quite forgotten71 ,lord ,bute said1 in his quiet way3 ,yes1 ,i was kept wrapped in cotton wool in those days1 and ,i did not always like it4 ,the dogs would not have hurt me1 and ,i am sure that ,i made friends with them4 ,sidenote3 #ahei1 ,death of ,lady ,bute ,lady ,bute died in #ahei1 leaving behind her1 both in ,scotland and in ,wales1 the memory of many deeds of kindness and benevolence4 ,her husband had made no provision whatever in his will for the guardianship of his only son1 who had been constituted a ward in ,chancery two months after his father's death1 his mother being nominated by the ,lord ,chancellor his sole guardian4 ,lady ,bute's will recommended the appointment as her son's guardian of ,colonel 7afterwards ,major-,general7 ,charles ,stuart1 ,sir ,francis ,hastings ,gilbert1 and ,lady ,elizabeth ,moore1 who was distantly related to the ,bute family through the ,hastings'1 and had been one of ,lady ,bute's dearest friends4 ,sir ,francis ,gilbert being at this time absent from ,england in the consular service1 the ,court of ,chancery appointed as guardians the two other persons named by ,lady ,bute4 ,it seems unnecessary to describe in detail the prolonged friction and regrettable litigation which were the result of this dual guardianship of the orphaned boy2 yet they must be here referred to1 for it is beyond question that they were not only detrimental to his happiness and welfare during his #f early boyhood1 but could not fail seriously to affect the development of his character in later years4 ,the child was deeply attached to ,lady ,elizabeth ,moore1 who had assumed the entire charge of him after his mother's death2 and his letters written at this period give evidence not only of this attachment1 but of his very strong reluctance to leave her for the care of ,general ,stuart1 who insisted that it was time that a boy of nearly thirteen should be removed from the exclusively female custody in which he had been kept from babyhood4 ,lady ,elizabeth1 yielding partly to her own feelings1 and partly to the earnest and repeated solicitations of her young ward1 was ill-advised enough1 instead of committing him as desired to the care of her co-guardian1 to carry him off surreptitiously to ,scotland1 and to keep him concealed for some time in an obscure hotel in the suburbs of ,edinburgh4 ,here is the boy's own account of the affair1 written from this hotel to a relation in ,india#a 7he was between twelve and thirteen years of age73-- ,i prayed1 ,i entreated1 ,i agonised1 ,i abused the general2 ,i adjured her not to give me up to him4 ,she was shaken but not convinced4 ,so we went to ,newcastle1 to ,york1 and to ,london1 where ,i got a bad cold1 my two teeth were pulled1 etc41 etc4 ,we were delayed some time there1 and meanwhile my prayers and adjurations were trebled3 ,lady ,e4 was convinced1 and promised not to let me go4 ,she got one of the solicitors to the ,bank of ,england in the ,city to write a letter to ,genl4 ,s4 for her1 as civil as possible1 but declining to give me up2 to which the general returned a furious answer1 conveying his determination to appeal to the ,vice-,chancellor about #g the matter4 ,after a month we became convinced that the ,vice-,chancellor would decide against us2 and on the night of ,april #afth ,lady ,e4 left the hotel secretly1 and with her maid and me shot the moon to ,edinburgh1 where we arrived at #g next morning4#b ,illustration3 ,the ,marquess of ,bute aet #b from a drawing by ,r4 ,t4 ,ross at ,cardiff ,castle ,sidenote3 #ahei1 ,rival guardians ,for a boy of twelve this is a sufficiently remarkable letter2 but an even more precocious document is a draft letter dated a fortnight before the flight to ,edinburgh1 and composed entirely by young ,bute1 who recommended ,lady ,elizabeth to copy it and send it to her co-guardian as from herself6 ,,dear ,,general ,,stuart1 ,you will1 ,i am afraid1 be much surprised upon the reception of this letter1 but ,i trust that your love for ,bute will make you accede to the request which ,i am about to make4 ,b4 has lately had much sorrow1 and he has formed an attachment to me only to have it broken by separation1 and in order to go among entire strangers to him--for in that light1 ,i am sorry to say1 ,i must regard you and ,mrs4 ,stuart4 ,with your consent1 then1 dear ,genl4 ,stuart1 ,i shall be happy to keep him with me until he is #ad1 when he will of course choose for himself4 ,we could live with good ,mr4 ,stacey very nicely at ,dumfries ,house or ,mountstuart1 and ,i could occasionally bring him to ,england--or indeed you could come to see him at ,mountstuart4 ,i trust1 dear ,gen4 ,stuart1 you will be the more inclined to accede to my request when ,i tell you that he has #h expressed to me the greatest reluctance at parting from me and going to you--a repugnance which ,i can only regard as very natural1 for ,i was much grieved to see that you did not follow my advice in walking with him and consulting him 7and believe me without so doing you will never gain his affections71 while ,i have always done so1 as was his poor mother's invariable custom4#c ,it does not appear whether this letter1 which is dated from #bc ,dover ,street1 and is entirely in the boy's own handwriting1 exactly as given above1 was actually sent by ,lady ,elizabeth4 ,in any case ,general ,stuart was not the man to submit to the compulsory separation from his ward which resulted from what the ,house of ,lords afterwards characterised as the clandestine1 furtive1 and fraudulent action of ,lady ,elizabeth ,moore4 ,he at once laid the case before the ,court of ,chancery1 which directed that the boy was to be immediately handed over to his care1 and sent without delay to an approved private school1 and in due time to ,eton or ,harrow1 and then to one of the ,english universities4 ,lady ,elizabeth absolutely refused to comply with the order of the ,court1 and was consequently removed in ,july1 #ahfj1 from the office of guardian4 ,meanwhile the case was complicated by the intervention of the ,scottish tutor-at-law1 ,colonel #i ,james ,crichton ,stuart1 who had been since the death of ,lord ,bute's father manager and administrator of the family estates in ,scotland4 ,colonel ,stuart obtained from the ,scottish ,courts an order that the boy should be sent to ,loretto1 a well-known school near ,edinburgh1 and that the ,earl of ,galloway should be the custodier of his person4 ,the ,court of ,chancery promptly issued an injunction forbidding the tutor-at-law to interfere in any way with the boy's education1 whereupon both ,colonel ,stuart and the ,english guardian appealed to the ,house of ,lords4 ,that tribunal gave its judgment on ,may #ag1 #ahfa1 censuring the ,court of ,session for its delay in dealing with this important matter1 confirming ,general ,stuart as sole guardian1 and sanctioning his scheme for the boy's education4 ,sidenote3 #ahfa1 ,lords' decision ,the ,house of ,lords1 in giving the decision which brought this long litigation to a close1 had raised no objection to the continued residence of the young peer with the ,earl of ,galloway1 an arrangement which had already been approved by the ,court of ,chancery4 ,bute had1 in fact1 at the time the judgment was pronounced1 been living for some months with ,lord and ,lady ,galloway at their beautiful place on the ,wigtownshire coast2 and this was certainly1 as it turned out1 the most favourable and beneficial solution of the difficult question of providing a suitable and congenial home for one who1 whilst the possessor of three or four splendid seats in ,england and ,scotland1 had yet1 by a pathetic anomaly1 never known what home life was since his mother's death in #ahei4 ,at ,galloway ,house he found himself for the first time the inmate of a large and cheerful family circle1 including several young people of about his own age4 ,i #aj am comfortably established here1 he wrote to ,lady ,elizabeth ,moore soon after his arrival in ,december1 #ahfj4 ,this house is like ,dumfries ,house1 but much prettier4 ,i have a charming room1 not at all lonely4 ,lord and ,lady ,g4 are so kind to me1 and the little girls treat me like a brother4 ,they are all very very kind to me1 he wrote a week or two later1 adding in the same letter that he had on the previous day attended two services in ,lord ,galloway's private chapel4 ,it is very plain1 was the comment of the thirteen-year-old critic2 but the chaplain's sermons were all about the saints and the ,church4 ,do you know what he called the ,communion8 a 'commemorative sacrifice6' ,in a subsequent letter he says1 ,mr4 ,wildman 7the chaplain7 says that ,mary should be called the ',holy ,mother of ,god4' ,sidenote3 #ahfa1 ,at ,galloway ,house ,these new religious impressions1 contrasting sharply as they must have done with the narrow ,evangelical teaching of his early days1 are of interest in connection with his first schoolmaster's report of him some six months later1 which will be mentioned in its proper place4 ,he was very fond1 writes one of his former playfellows at ,galloway ,house in those far-off days1 of sketching with pen and pencil religious processions and ceremonies1 and his thoughts seemed to be constantly turned on religion4 ,he liked having religious discussions with our family chaplain1 who was a clever and well-read man4 ,our dear father and mother1 writes another member of the same large family1 told us that we must be very kind to him1 as he had lost both his parents and was almost alone in the world4 ,i remember seeing him in the library on the night of his arrival--a tall1 dark1 good-looking boy1 #aa looking so shy and lonely1 but with very nice manners4 ,i recollect him1 says the son of a neighbouring laird1 who was about two years his senior1 and was often at ,galloway ,house1 rather a pathetic figure among the swarm of joyous young things there1 distinct among them from never seeming joyous himself4 ,this was doubtless the impression which his extreme diffidence generally made on strangers2 and it is the pleasanter to read the further testimony of the playfellow already quoted3 ,his shyness soon wore off when he got away from the elders to play with us1 and he entered with zest into all our amusements4 ,he was intensely earnest about everything he took up1 whether serious things or games4 ,he was greatly attached to our brother ,walter1#d whose bright1 cheery nature appealed to him4 ,walter was always full of fun and spirits and mischief2 and ,bute was delighted at this1 and soon joined in it all4 ,i remember our old housekeeper1 after some great escapade1 saying1 ,yes1 and the young marquis was as bad as any of you6 ,one of his hobbies was collecting from the seashore the skulls and skeletons of rabbits1 birds1 etc4 ,i spent much time on the cliffs and rocks looking for these things1 of which we collected boxes full4 ,with his curious psychic turn of mind he liked to conduct some kind of ceremonies over these remains after dark1 inviting us children to take part1 sometimes dressed in white sheets4 ,he loved legends of all kinds1 and used often to tell them to us3 ,i was very fond of hearing him1 he told them so well4 ,history1 too1 especially ,scottish history1 #ab he liked very much4 ,he wrote a delightful little history of ,scotland for my youngest brother1#e of whom he was very fond--a tiny boy then4 ,it was all written in capital letters1 with delightful and clever pen-and-ink sketches1 one on every page4 ,these recollections of happy home life in a ,scottish country house1 nearly sixty years ago1 call up a pretty picture of the orphan boy1 whose childhood had been so strangely lonely and isolated1 contented and at home in this charming family circle4 ,that he was truly so is further testified by letters that passed about this time between him and his tutor-at-law1 ,colonel ,crichton ,stuart4 ,in reply to a letter from ,colonel ,stuart1 expressing a desire to hear from ,bute himself whether he was comfortably settled at ,galloway ,house1 the boy wrote3 ,in answer to your request1 ,i write to confirm ,mr4 ,a4's statement regarding my happiness here4 ,lord and ,lady ,galloway did indeed receive me as a child of their own1 which ,i felt deeply4 ,that these words were a sincere expression of the young writer's sentiments there is no reason to doubt2 but thoughtful and advanced as he was in some ways for his years1 he was too young to realise then---possibly he did later on1 though he very seldom spoke of his boyhood's days--how much more he owed to the ,galloway family than mere kindness4 ,it seemed1 indeed1 a special providence which had brought the orphaned marquis at this critical moment under influence so salutary and so much needed as that of the admirable and excellent family which had welcomed him to their beautiful home as one of themselves4 ,the numerous letters #ac written by ,bute at this period1 of which many have been preserved1 are marked indeed by propriety of expression and a command of language remarkable in a boy of his age2 but they also reveal very clearly a self-centred view of life even more extraordinary in so young a boy1 and due1 it cannot be doubted1 to the singularity of his upbringing4 ,surrounded from babyhood by a circle of adoring females1 in whose eyes the fatherless infant was the most precious and priceless thing on earth1 he had grown up to boyhood penetrated1 no doubt almost unconsciously1 with an exaggerated and overweening sense of his own importance in the scale of creation1 to which the wholesome influence of ,galloway ,house provided the best possible corrective4 ,distinguished1 high-principled1 exemplary in every relation of life1 ,lord and ,lady ,galloway held up to their children1 by precept and example1 a constant ideal of duty1 unselfishness and simplicity of life2 and the young stranger within their gates was fortunate in being able to profit by that teaching4 ,if his future life was to be marked by generous impulses and noble ambitions--if one of his most notable characteristics was to be a personal simplicity of taste and an utter antipathy to that ostentation which is not always dissociated from high rank and almost unbounded wealth--if he was to realise something of the supreme joy and satisfaction of working for others rather than for oneself2 for all this he owed a debt of gratitude 7can it be doubted87 to the kindly and gracious influences which were brought to bear on his sensitive nature during these years of his boyhood4 ,he was received at ,galloway ,house as a child of the family2 and his companions spoke their minds to him with fraternal freedom4 ,you #ad will never find your level1 ,bute1 the eldest son of the house 7whom he greatly liked and respected7 once said to him1 until you get to a public school4 ,he did not resent the remark1 for his good sense told him that it was true4 ,harrow was the public school of the ,galloway family2 but it was not so much for that reason that ,harrow was chosen for him rather than ,eton1 as because his wise and kind guardians believed1 rightly or wrongly1 that a boy in his peculiar position would be less exposed to adulation and flattery at the more democratic school on the ,hill than at its great rival on ,thames-side4 ,meanwhile a preparatory school had to be selected2 and the choice fell on ,may ,place1 the well-known school conducted by ,mr4 ,thomas ,essex at ,malvern ,wells1 where one of ,lord ,galloway's sons was just finishing his course4 ,it was locally known as the ,house of ,lords from its connection with the peerage2 and the pupils included members of the ducal houses of ,sutherland1 ,argyll1 ,manchester1 and ,leinster1 as well as of many other well-known families4 ,one who well remembers the first arrival at ,may ,place of the young ,scottish peer1 then aged thirteen and a half1 has described him as a slight tall lad1 reserved and gentle in manner1 and particularly courteous to every one4 ,the shyness and also the reverence for sacred things which always distinguished him as a man were equally noticeable in him as a boy2 and it is remembered that when he revisited the school three or four years later1 during the ,harrow holidays1 and was asked where he would like to drive to1 he chose to go and inspect an interesting old church in the neighbourhood4 ,a school contemporary with whom he occasionally squabbled was ,william ,sinclair1 the future ,archdeacon of ,london2 and there was #ae once nearly a pitched battle between them1 in consequence of some caricatures which ,sinclair drew1 purporting to represent ,bute's near relatives1 but for which he afterwards handsomely apologised4 ,sidenote3 #ahfa1 ,first school report ,towards the end of ,bute's first term at ,malvern ,wells1 his master wrote to ,lord ,galloway the following account of his young pupil4 ,the concluding sentence is of curious interest in view of what the future held in store4 ,it seems to show that the reaction in his mind--a mind already thoughtful beyond his years--against the one-sided view of religion and religious history which had been impressed upon him from childhood had already begun4 ,may ,place1 ,malvern ,wells1 ,july #ad1 #ahfa4 ,lord ,bute is going on more comfortably than ,i could have expected4 ,he is on excellent terms with his schoolfellows2 and though he prefers romps to cricket or gymnastics1 yet ,i am glad to see him making himself happy with the others4 ,more manly tastes will1 ,i think1 come in time4 ,his obedience and his desire to please are very pleasing2 while his strong religious principles and gentlemanly tone are everything one could desire4 ,his opinions on things in general are rather an inexplicable mixture4 ,i was not surprised to find in him an admiration of the ,covenanters and a hatred of ,archbishop ,sharpe2 but ,i was certainly startled to discover1 on the other hand1 a liking for the ,romish priesthood and ceremonial4 ,i shall1 of course1 do my best to bring him to sounder views4 ,sidenote3 #ahfa1 ,at ,may ,place ,we have no evidence as to what methods were employed1 or what arguments adduced1 by the excellent preceptor in order to carry out the purpose #af indicated in the concluding lines of his letter4 ,bute himself never referred to the matter afterwards1 but the result was in all probability nugatory4 ,it is not within the recollection of the present writer1 who was an inmate of ,may ,place a year or two later1 that any serious effort was ever made there to impress religious truths on the minds of the pupils1 or indeed to impart to them any definite religious teaching at all4 ,the views and opinions of the young ,scot1 although only in his fourteenth year1 were probably already a great deal more formed on these and kindred subjects than those of his worthy schoolmaster4 ,in any case the time available for detaching his sympathies from the ,romish priesthood and ritual was short4 ,the boy had come to school very poorly equipped in the matter of general education1 as the term was then understood4 ,in the correspondence between his rival guardians1 when he was just entering his 'teens1 allusion is made to the boy's precocious intellect1 also to the fact that he knew little ,latin1 no ,greek1 and 7what was considered worse7 hardly any ,french4 ,mathematics he always cordially disliked2 and it is on record that all the counting he did in those early years was invariably on his fingers4 ,his natural intelligence1 however1 and his aptitude for study soon enabled him to make up for much that had been lost owing to the haphazard and interrupted education of his childhood2 and it was not long before he was pronounced intellectually equal to the not very exacting standard of the entrance examination at ,harrow4 ,a final reminiscence of his connection with ,may ,place may here be recorded4 ,he revisited his old school not long after his momentous change of creed2 and being left alone awhile in #ag the study took up a blank report that lay on the table1 and filled it up as follows#f3-- ,,monthly ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,marquess ,,of ,,bute4 ,,latin ,,construing 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,partially preserved4 ,,latin ,,writing 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,ditto4 ,,greek ,,construing 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,getting very bad from disuse4 ,,greek ,,writing 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,ditto4 ,,arithmetic 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,entirely abandoned4 ,,history 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,so-so4 ,,geography 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,improved by foreign travel4 ,,dictation 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,ditto by business letters4 ,,french 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,ditto by travelling4 ,,drawing 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,grown rather rusty4 ,,religion 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,unhappily not to the taste of the ,british public4 ,,conduct 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,not so bad as it is painted4 #a ,charles ,mac,lean1 to whom he referred more than thirty years later1 in his ,rectorial address at ,st4 ,andrews 7p4 #ahh74 #b ,during ,bute's travels with ,lady ,elizabeth ,moore1 in the course of her efforts to retain the custody of her little ward1 his most trusted retainer was one ,jack ,wilson4 ,the pertinacity with which the child was pursued1 and the extent of ,wilson's devotion1 are attested by the known fact that on one occasion he knocked a writ-server down the stairs of a ,rothesay hotel where ,bute was staying with ,lady ,elizabeth4 ,wilson was accustomed always to sleep outside his young master's door4 ,he rose later to be head-keeper at ,mountstuart1 and died there on ,may #bc1 #aiab4 #c ,it seems right to mention that ,bute had another reason1 apart from his attachment to ,lady ,elizabeth ,moore1 for his apparently unreasonable hostility to his other guardian4 ,one of his strongest feelings at this time was his almost passionate devotion to the memory of his mother2 and he never forgot what he called ,general ,stuart's gross disrespect in not accompanying her remains from ,edinburgh1 where she died1 to ,bute1 where she was buried4 ,he left her body1 wrote ,bute to an intimate friend from ,christ ,church1 ,oxford1 to be attended on that long and troublesome journey1 in the depth of winter1 only by women1 servants1 and myself1 a child of twelve4 #d ,hon4 ,walter ,stewart1 afterwards colonel commanding #abth ,lancers 7died #aijh74 ,he was about eighteen months younger than ,bute4 #e ,hon4 ,fitzroy ,stewart 7died #aiad74 ,he was at this time just five years old4 #f ,this anecdote was communicated to a weekly journal 7,m4,a4,p47 soon after ,lord ,bute's death1 by the son of the master of his old school4 #ah ,,chapter ,,ii ,,harrow ,,and ,,christ ,,church #ahfb-ahff ,in ,september1 #ahfa1 ,lord ,bute completed his fourteenth year1 attaining the age of minority 7as it is called in ,scots law71 which put him in possession of certain important rights as regarded his property in the northern kingdom4 ,the young peer had from his childhood1 as is shown by his early correspondence with ,lady ,elizabeth ,moore1 been aware that he would be entitled at the age of fourteen to exercise certain powers of nomination in respect to the management of his ,scottish estates4 ,most of the members of the ,lords' tribunal which had adjudicated on his position in ,may1 #ahfa1 had evinced a curious ignorance of the nature1 if not of the very existence1 of these prospective rights1 and even when informed of them had been inclined to question the expediency of their being acted upon4 ,bute himself1 however1 was not only perfectly aware of these rights1 but resolved to exercise them2 and we accordingly find him1 a few weeks after his fourteenth birthday1 writing as follows1 from his private school1 to his guardian1 ,general ,stuart3-- ,may ,place1 ,november #be1 #ahfa4 ,,dear ,,gen4 ,,stuart1 ,i wish the necessary steps to be taken in the ,court of ,session for the appointment of ,curators #ai of my property in ,scotland4 ,the ,curators whom ,i wish to appoint are ,sir ,james ,fergusson1 ,sir ,hastings ,gilbert1 ,lt4-,col4 ,william ,stuart1 ,mr4 ,david ,mure1 ,mr4 ,archibald ,boyle1 and yourself4 ,i wish the ,solicitor-,general of ,scotland to be employed as my legal adviser in this buisness 7sic74 ,i remain1 ,your affectionate cousin1 ,,bute ,,and ,,dumfries4 ,bute was now entitled to choose from the number of these curators any one to whose personal guardianship he was willing to be entrusted during the seven years of his minority4 ,his choice fell on ,sir ,james ,fergusson of ,kilkerran1 ,m4,p4 for ,ayrshire1 who had recently married the daughter of ,lord ,dalhousie1 ,governor-,general of ,india2 but he did not immediately take up his residence with ,sir ,james1 as it was thought best that he should continue1 at any rate during the earlier part of his public school life1 to spend his holidays at ,galloway ,house1 where he had become thoroughly at home4 ,lord ,galloway's younger son ,walter was destined for ,harrow ,school2 and thither ,bute preceded him after spending two terms at ,may ,place4 ,sidenote3 #ahfb1 ,entrance at ,harrow ,it was in the first term of #ahfb that ,bute entered the school at ,harrow1 then under the headmastership of ,montagu ,butler4 ,his position was at first that of a home boarder1 and he was under the charge of one of the masters1 ,mr4 ,john ,smith1 known to and beloved by several generations of ,harrovians4 ,there was a rather well-known and self-important ,mr4 ,winkley1 quite a figure among ,harrow tradesmen 7writes a school contemporary of ,bute's1 son of a famous ,harrow master1 and himself afterwards #bj headmaster of ,charterhouse71 a mutton-chop-whiskered individual who collected rates1 acted as estate agent1 published 7,i think7 the ,bill ,book1 sold books to the ,school1 c4 ,he occupied the house beyond ,westcott's1 on the same side of ,high ,street1 between ,westcott's and the ,park4 ,there ,john ,smith resided with the ,marquess of ,bute4 ,mr4 ,smith1 whose mother lived at ,pinner1 used to visit her there every ,saturday1 and to take over with him on these occasions one or two of his pupils1 who enjoyed what was then a pretty rural walk of three miles1 as well as the quaint racy talk of their master1 and the excellent tea provided by his kind old mother4 ,another of his schoolfellows1 ,sir ,henry ,bellingham1 writes3 ,i remember first meeting ,bute on one of these little excursions4 ,mr4 ,smith had told me that the tall1 shy1 quiet boy 7he was a year younger than me1 but much bigger7 had neither father1 mother1 brother nor sister1 and was therefore much to be pitied4 ,i wondered why he did not come more forward1 and said so little either to ,smith himself or to ,mrs4 ,smith2 for ,smith was a man who had great capabilities for drawing people out1 and was a general favourite with every one4 ,the impression ,i had of ,bute during all our time at ,harrow was always the same--that of his very shy and quiet manner4 ,sidenote3 #ahfb1 ,a real palm branch ,undemonstrative as he was by nature1 ,bute never forgot those who had shown him any kindness1 and he always preserved a grateful affection for ,john ,smith1 who accompanied him more than once during the summer holidays to ,glentrool1 ,lord ,galloway's lodge among the ,wigtownshire hills1 and enjoyed some capital fishing there4 ,bute wrote to him in #ba later years from time to time1 and during the sadly clouded closing period of the old man's life1 when he was an inmate of ,st4 ,luke's ,hospital1 he gave him much pleasure by sending him annually a palm branch which had been blessed in his private chapel4 ,more than twenty years after ,bute's ,harrow days1 he received this appreciative letter from his former master3 ,st4 ,luke's ,hospital1 ,old ,street1 ,e4,c41 ,easter ,tuesday1 #ahhg4 ,,dear ,,lord ,,bute1 ,i must try and write a few lines1 asking you to pardon all defects4 ,the real ,palm ,branch was most welcome1 with its special blessing3 it is behind me as ,i write1 and many happy thoughts and messages does it bring4 ,god bless you for your most kind thought4 ,i intend to forward it in due time to ,gerald ,rendall 7late head of ,harrow1 then ,fellow of ,trin4 ,coll41 ,cambridge1 now ,principal of ,university ,college1 ,liverpool71 as my share in furnishing his new home3 he was married this vacation4 ,the students1 male and female1 will be glad to see what a real ,palm ,branch is like4 ,your gift of last year is now in the valued keeping of ,mrs4 ,edward ,bradby1 whose husband was a master of ,harrow in your day1 and1 after fifteen years of hard and successful work at ,haileybury1 has taken up his abode at ,st4 ,katherine's ,dock ,house1 ,tower ,hill1 with wife and children1 to live among the poor and brighten their dull existence with music and pictures and dancing2 besides inviting them1 in times of real necessity1 to dine with himself and his wife1 in batches of eight and ten4 ,i look forward to the ,review#a with great interest4 #bb ,i show it to the ,medical ,gentlemen here1 read what ,i can1 and then forward it to my sister at ,harrow for friends there4 ,i try to realise the old chapel on the beach1 in which the branches were consecrated1#b but fail utterly to do so4 ,whereabouts is it8 ,i suppose you have a chapel in the house also1 for invalids1 c41 in bad weather4 ,god bless you all3 ,lady ,bute and the children1 especially the maiden who is working at ,greek4#c ,ever your grateful ,j4 ,s4 ,from ,john ,smith's quasi-parental care1 ,bute passed in due time into the house of ,mr4 ,westcott 7afterwards ,bishop of ,durham71 who occupied ,moretons1 on the top of ,west ,hill 7now in the possession of ,mr4 ,m4 ,c4 ,kemp74 ,the future bishop1 with all his attainments1 had not the reputation of a very successful teacher in class1 nor of a good disciplinarian2 but as a house-master he had many admirable qualities1 and was greatly beloved by his pupils4 ,for him also ,bute preserved a warm and lifelong sentiment of regard and gratitude2 and to him1 as to ,john ,smith1 he was accustomed to send every ,easter a blessed palm from his private chapel1 which ,dr4 ,westcott preserved carefully in his own chapel at ,auckland ,castle4 ,see that the ,bishop of ,durham gets his palm1 were ,lord ,bute's whispered words as he was lying stricken by his last illness in the ,holy ,week of #aijj4 ,the tribute of affectionate #bc remembrance had been an annual one for more than thirty years4 ,sidenote3 #ahfc1 ,school friendships ,of all ,bute's contemporaries at the great school1 there were perhaps only two with whom he struck up a real and close friendship4 ,one was ,adam ,hay ,gordon of ,avochie 7a cadet of the ,tweeddale family71 who was with him afterwards at ,christ ,church1 and was one of his few intimate associates there4 ,the intimacy was not continued into later years1 but the memory of it remained4 ,i heard with sorrow1 ,bute recorded in his diary on ,july #ab1 #ahid1 of the death of one of my dearest friends1 ,addle ,hay ,gordon4 ,though at ,harrow together1 and very intimate at college1 we had not met for many years4 ,in my ,oxford days ,i several times stayed in ,edinburgh with him and his parents1 in ,rutland ,square4 ,we were as brothers4#d ,an even more intimate1 and more lasting1 friendship was that with ,george ,e4 ,sneyd1 who was at ,westcott's house with ,bute1 and who afterwards became his private secretary1 married his cousin1 ,miss ,elizabeth ,stuart 7granddaughter of ,admiral ,lord ,george ,stuart7 in #ahhj1 and died in the same year as ,adam ,hay ,gordon4 ,it is difficult to say1 wrote ,bute in ,january1 #ahid1 what this loss is to me4 ,he had been an intimate friend ever since we were at ,westcott's big house at ,harrow--one of my few at all1 the most intimate 7unless ,addle ,hay ,gordon7 and the most trusted ,i ever had4 ,he had a very important place in my will4 ,for these two ,i had prayed by name regularly at every ,mass ,i have heard for many1 many years4 #bd ,a school contemporary1 who records ,bute's close friendship with ,george ,sneyd1 mentions 7as do others7 his fancy for keeping ,ligurian bees in his tiny study-bedroom4 ,my only recollection of his room at ,harrow1 where ,i once visited him1 writes ,sir ,herbert ,maxwell1 is of an arrangement whereby bees entered from without into a hive within the room1 where their proceedings could be watched4 ,a brother of ,sir ,redvers ,buller1 who boarded in the adjoining house1 has recorded that ,bute's bees were a perfect nuisance to him1 as they had a way of flying in at his window instead of their own1 and disturbing him at his studies or other employments4 ,sidenote3 #ahfc1 ,harrow school prizes ,at ,harrow1 said one of ,bute's obituary notices1 the young ,scottish peer was as poetical as ,byron4 ,this rather absurd remark is perhaps to some extent justified by one episode in ,bute's school career4 ,i have a general recollection of him1 writes a correspondent already quoted1 as a very amiable1 though reserved1 boy1 not given to games1 who astonished us all by securing the ,english ,prize ,poem4 ,he won this distinction 7the assigned subject was ',edward the ,black ,prince'7 in the summer of #ahfc1 when only fifteen years of age4 ,his winning this prize in #ahfc1 when quite young1 writes the ,archbishop of ,canterbury1 who was in the same form as ,bute at ,harrow and knew him well1 was his most notable exploit4 ,there is a special passage about ocean waves and their 'decuman1' which has often been quoted as a remarkable effort on the part of a young boy4#e #be ,he was very quiet and unassuming in all his ways4 ,a further honour gained by ,bute in the same year 7#ahfc7 was one of the headmaster's ,fifth ,form prizes for ,latin ,verse2 but the text of this composition 7it was a translation from ,english verse7 has not been preserved4 ,the fact of his winning these two important prizes is a sufficient proof that1 if not as poetical as ,byron1 he had a distinct feeling for poetry1 and that generally his industry and ability had enabled him to make up much1 if not all1 of the leeway caused by the imperfect and desultory character of his early education4 ,in other words he passed through his school course with credit and even distinction2 and that he preserved a kindly memory of his ,harrow days is sufficiently shown by the fact that he took the unusual step--unusual1 that is1 in the case of the head of a great ,roman ,catholic family--of sending all his three sons to be educated at the famous school on the ,hill4 ,bute's career at ,harrow1 like his private school course1 was an unusually short one1 extending over only three years4 ,he left the school in the first term of #ahfe1 presenting to the ,vaughan ,library at his departure a small collection of books1 which it may be of some interest to enumerate4 ,they were ,pierotti's ,jerusalem ,explained1 #b vols4 folio2 #bf ,digby's ,broadstone of ,honour1 #c vols42 ,victor ,hugo's ,les ,miserables1 #c vols42 ,miss ,proctor's ,legends and ,lyrics2 ,gil ,blas1 #b vols4 7illustrated72 ,don ,quixote2 ,napier's ,memoirs of ,montrose1 #c vols42 and ,memoirs of ,dundee1 #b vols4 ,he further evinced his interest in his old school by presenting to it1 five years after leaving1 a portrait of ,john first ,marquess of ,bute 7then ,lord ,mountstuart71 wearing the dress of the school ,archery ,corps of that day 7#agei74 ,this portrait 7which is a copy of a well-known painting by ,allan ,ramsay7 now hangs in the ,vaughan ,library4 ,sidenote3 #ahfe1 ,pilgrimage to ,palestine ,it was characteristic of the young ,harrovian that1 his school-days over1 he took the very first opportunity to turn his steps towards the ,east1 in which from his earliest boyhood he had always been curiously interested4 ,it was not the first occasion of his leaving ,england1 for he had visited ,brussels and other cities several times with his mother during his childhood1 and used in later years to note in his diary the half-forgotten recollections of places which he had seen in those early and happy days4 ,but his visit to ,palestine in the spring of #ahfe--the first of many journeys to the ,holy ,land--was an entirely new experience2 and to this youth of seventeen1 thoughtful and religious-minded beyond his years1 it was no mere pleasure trip1 but a veritable pilgrimage4 ,i am sending you a copy1 he wrote to a friend at ,oxford in the autumn of this year1 of a document which ,i value more than anything ,i have ever received in my life3 the certificate of my visit to the ,holy ,places of ,jerusalem given to me by the ,father ,guardian of the ,franciscan convent on ,mount ,sion4 ,here it is3 #bg ,illustration3 ,emblem ,in ,dei ,nomine4 ,amen4 ,omnibus et singulis praesentes literas inspecturis1 lecturis1 vel legi audituris1 fidem notumque facimus ,nos ,terrae ,sanctae ,custos1 devotum ,peregrinum ,illustrissimum ,dominum ,dominum ,joannem1 ,marchionem de ,bute in ,scotia1 ,jerusalem feliciter pervenisse die #aj ,mensis ,maii anni #ahfe2 inde subsequentibus diebus praecipua ,sanctuaria in quibus ,mundi ,salvator dilectum populum ,suum1 immo et totius generis humani perditam congeriem ab inferi servitute misericorditer liberavit1 utpote ,calvarium 444 ,,ss4 ,sepulchrum 444 ac tandem ea omnia sacra ,palestinae loca gressibus ,domini ac ,beatissimae ejus ,matris ,mariae consecrata1 a ,religiosis nostris et ,peregrinis visitari solita1 visitasse4 ,in quorum fidem has scripturas ,officii ,nostri sigillo munitas per ,secretarium expediri mandavimus4 ,datis apud ,s4 ,civitatem ,jerusalem1 ex venerabili ,nostro ,conventu ,,ss4 ,salvatoris1 die #bi ,maii1 #ahfe4 ,l4,s4 ,de mandato ,reverendiss4 in ,christo ,patris ,f4 ,,remigius ,,buselli1 ,s4,t4,l41 secret4 ,sigillum ,guardiani ,montis ,sion4 7,there is an image of the ,descent of the ,h4 ,spirit1 and of the ,mandatum47 ,it touched and interested me extremely1 ,bute said many years later1 to find myself described in this document as 'devotus ,peregrinus1' and this for more than one reason4 ,the phrase1 in the first place1 seemed to link me1 a mere schoolboy1 with the myriads of devout and holy men1 saints and warriors1 who had made the pilgrimage before me4 ',illuc enim ascenderunt tribus1 tribus ,domini4' ,and then ,i remembered that ,i descended lineally through my mother's family1 the ,hastings'1 from a very famous pilgrim1 the ',pilgrim of ,treves1' the ,hebrew who went to ,rome during the great ,papal ,schism1 sat himself down on one of the ,seven ,hills1 and dubbed himself ,pope4 ,when ,martin ,v4 7,colonna7 was recognised as lawful ,pope1 #bh my ancestor returned to ,rome and1 ,i believe1 reverted to the ,judaism from which he had temporarily lapsed4 ,but this celebrated journey earned him the title1 par excellence1 of the ,pilgrim of ,treves2 and the name of ,peregrine has been borne since1 all through the centuries1 by many of his descendants1 of whom ,i am one4 ,all this is so curiously characteristic of ,lord ,bute's half serious1 half whimsical 7and always original7 manner of regarding out-of-the-way corners of history and genealogy1 that it seems worth reproducing in this place4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,marquess ,,of ,,bute1 ,,aet4 #ag4 ,sidenote3 #ahff1 ,steeplechasing at ,oxford ,soon after his return from his ,palestine journey1 ,bute was duly matriculated at ,christ ,church1 ,oxford1 and he went into residence in the ,october term4 ,he was one of the last batch of peers who entered the university on the technical footing of noblemen1 with the privilege of wearing a distinctive dress1 sitting at a special table in hall1 and paying double for everything4 ,among his contemporaries at the ,house were the ,duke of ,hamilton1 ,lord ,rosebery1 the seventh ,duke of ,northumberland1 and ,lords ,cawdor1 ,doune1 and ,willoughby de ,broke4 ,his cousin1 the fourth and last ,marquess of ,hastings1 who was five years his senior1 had not long before gone down from the university1 had been married for a year1 and was at the height of the meteoric career which came to a premature and inglorious end just when ,bute attained his majority4 ,the latter had that strong sense of family attachment which is so marked a characteristic of ,scotsmen2 and noblesse oblige was a maxim which for him had a very real and serious meaning4 ,it is certain that the contemplation of his cousin's wasted life not only distressed him deeply1 but tended to confirm in him an almost exaggerated #bi antipathy to the extravagant craze for racing1 gambling and betting1 which was the form of sport most prevalent among the young men of family and fashion who were his contemporaries at ,oxford4 ,bute's entire want of sympathy with such pursuits and such ideals thus inevitably cut him off from anything like intimate intercourse with the predominant members of the undergraduate society of his college4 ,he would not be persuaded to frequent their clubs or share in their amusements1 which to him would have been no amusements at all2 although he was elected a member of ,loders1 to which the noblemen and gentlemen-commoners of the ,house as a matter of course belonged4 ,he was1 however1 induced1 on the representations of one of his friends 7probably ,hay ,gordon7 to own and nominate a horse in the university steeplechases 7or grinds1 as they were called74 ,some one1 ,i do not know who1 writes one of his contemporaries1 had informed him that ,i was the proper person to ride his horse4 ,when ,i interviewed him on the subject 7which ,i did with some trepidation1 as he was exceedingly shy and stiff with strangers71 he evinced not the slightest interest either in his horse or the contest in which it was to take part4 ,the animal came in only third1 but ,bute showed neither disappointment nor pleasure in anything it did or failed to do either on this or on subsequent occasions4 ,another anecdote in connection with this episode of ,bute's steeplechaser is related by one of his fellow-undergraduates1 who was charged1 or had charged himself1 with the duty of informing the owner of this unprofitable horse 7for which1 by the way1 he had paid a good round sum7 that it was among the ,also ,rans in the ,christ ,church #cj grinds4 ,ah6 indeed8 was his only comment2 but now ,i want to know1 he continued eagerly1 if you can help me to solve a much more important question4 ,what real claim had the ,greek3 kremastoi kepoi 7the hanging gardens7 of ,semiramis at ,babylon1 to be classified1 as they were in ancient times1 among the ,seven ,wonders of the ,world8 ,whilst on the subject of ,bute's diversions at ,christ ,church 7though steeplechasing1 even vicariously1 can hardly be said to have been one of them71 reference may appropriately be made to a rather remarkable entertainment which he gave by way of repaying the hospitalities extended to him by his companions1 including some of his former school-fellows at ,harrow4 ,it took the form of a fancy-dress ball1 which came off in the fine suite of rooms which he occupied in the north-west corner of ,tom ,quad 7since subdivided74 ,here is the invitation card1 surmounted with the emblazoned arms of the ,house1 which was sent out3 ,,marquess ,,of ,,bute ,,at ,,home ,la ,morgue ,bal ,masque ,,iv4 ,i4 ,tom4 ,r4,s4,v4,p4 ,la ,morgue was the room1 adjacent to his own1 which was1 as a matter of fact1 used as a mortuary when any death occurred within the college4 ,the young host received his guests at the entrance to this apartment in the character of his ,satanic ,majesty1 attired in a close-fitting garment of scarlet and black1 with wings1 horn1 and tail2 and most of the guests figured as dons1 eminent churchmen1 and other well-known personages in the university1 the stately dean being1 of course1 represented1 as well as #ca ,mrs4 ,liddell1 who afterwards expressed regret that she had not been present in person4 ,a fracas in the refreshment room resulted in a jockey 7the ,hon4 ,h4 ,needham7 being arrested by a policeman1 who conducted him to the police-office before the culprit discovered that the supposed constable was one of his fellow-revellers4 ,the affair was altogether so successful that ,bute designed to repeat it a year later2 but the authorities of the ,house1 who had given no permission for the original entertainment1 peremptorily forbade its repetition4#f ,sidenote3 #ahfe1 ,oxford friends ,bute had come into residence at ,oxford a few weeks after his eighteenth birthday2 and the above reminiscences show that with all his serious-mindedness he possessed1 as indeed might have been expected1 something also1 at that period1 of what ,disraeli called the irresponsible frivolity of immature manhood4 ,his amiability of character and remarkable personal courtesy prevented him from being in any degree unpopular2 but his intimate friends at ,oxford were undoubtedly very few2 and it is curious that the most intimate of them all was not an undergraduate1 or an ,oxford man at all1 but a lady much his senior1 ,miss ,felicia ,skene1 daughter of a well-known man of letters and friend of ,walter ,scott1 long resident in ,oxford4 ,miss ,skene was herself a person of remarkable attainments and qualities1 one of them being a rare gift of sympathy1 which seems to have won the heart of the solitary young ,scotsman from the first #cb day of their acquaintance4 ,bute corresponded with her constantly and regularly1 not only during his undergraduate days1 but for many years subsequently2 and his letters show to how large a degree he gave her his confidence in matters of the most intimate interest to himself4 ,one of the earliest of these is dated from ,dumfries ,house1 ,ayrshire1 in the ,christmas vacation following his first term at ,oxford4 ,dumfries ,house1 ,cumnock1 ,christmas ,day #ahfe4 ,,my ,,dear ,,miss ,,skene1 ,a happy ,xmas to you4 ,mine is comfortable1 if not merry nor ideal4 ,let me say in black and white that ,i mean to pay for the meat and wine ordered by the doctor for the poor woman you mention4444 ,money ,i cannot send4 ,i have little more than ,l#ajj to spend myself4 ,my allowance is ,l#bjjj1 and ,i have overdrawn ,l#afcj1 with a draft for ,l#ajjj coming due4 ,i am trying to raise the wind here3 it seems absurd that ,i should be hard up1 but it is a long story4 ,i am only sorry that the offerings ,i should make at this time to the ,little ,child of ,bethlehem are not procurable4 ,ever yours most truly1 ,,bute4 ,sidenote3 #ahfe1 ,at ,dumfries ,house ,bute had now finally left ,galloway ,house1 which had been his holiday residence during his ,harrow days2 and his home when not at ,oxford was at ,dumfries ,house1 his ,ayrshire seat1 then in the occupation of ,sir ,james and ,lady ,edith ,fergusson4 ,i saw a good deal of him when he was living at ,dumfries ,house under the tutelage of ,sir ,james ,fergusson1 writes one who had known him from #cc childhood4 ,he used to come down to the smoking-room at night arrayed in a gorgeous garment of pale blue and gold3 ,i think he said he had had it made on the pattern of a saintly bishop's vestment in a stained glass window of the ,harrow ,chapel4 ,sir ,james was anxious to make a sportsman of ,bute1 and bought a hunter or two for him4 ,i remember his coming out one day with ,lord ,eglinton's hounds1 but ,i never saw him take the field again4 ,the tyro1 as a matter of fact1 got a toss in essaying to jump a hedge2 and so mortified was he by this public discomfiture that he not only never again appeared in the hunting-field1 but he never quite forgave ,sir ,james for being the indirect cause of the misadventure4 ,miss ,skene not only acted to some extent as ,bute's almoner during his ,oxford days 7it is fair to say that the hard-up condition alluded to in the above letter was due at least as much to his lavish almsgiving as to any personal extravagance71 but was his adviser in regard to other matters4 ,mrs4 ,leighton wife of the ,warden of ,all ,souls has invited me1 runs one of his notes1 to come and meet a ,scottish bishop 7,st4 ,andrews7 at dinner1 and asks me in the same letter to give 'out of my abundance' a cheque to enlarge the ,penitentiary chapel4 ,now ,i dislike ,scots ,episcopalian bishops 7not individually but officially71 their genesis having been unblushingly ,erastian1 and their present status in ,scotland being schismatic and dissenting2 and my 'abundance' at present consists of a heavy overdraft at the bank4 ,read and forward the enclosed reply1 unless you think the lady will take offence1 which can hardly be4 ,he often copied for his friend extracts which #cd struck him from books he was reading4 ,i have transcribed for you1 he wrote a few weeks after his nineteenth birthday1 the account of the death of ,krishna from the ,vishnu ,purana4 ,a hunter by accident shot him in the foot with an arrow4 ,when he saw what he had done he prostrated himself and implored pardon4 ,krishna granted it and translated him at once to heaven4 ',then the illustrious ,krishna1 having united himself with his own pure1 spiritual1 inexhaustible1 inconceivable1 unborn1 undecaying1 imperishable and universal spirit1 which is one with ,vasundera1 abandoned his mortal body and the condition of the threefold qualities4' ,to my mind this description of the great ,saviour becoming one with universal spirit approaches the sublime4 ,at the end of his first summer term 7,june1 #ahff7 ,bute made his second tour in the ,east--a more extended one this time1 visiting not only ,constantinople and ,palestine1 but ,kurdistan and ,armenia4 ,his tutor1 the ,rev4 ,s4 ,williams1 accompanied him1 as well as one or two friends1 including ,harman ,grisewood1 one of his associates at the ,house1 and one of the few with whom he maintained an intimacy after their ,oxford days4 ,a diary kept by ,bute of the first portion of this tour has been preserved3 it describes his doings with great minuteness1 and is a remarkable record for a youth of eighteen to have written4 ,in ,paris nothing seems to have much interested him except the churches1 and long antiquarian conversations with the ,vicomte de ,voguee and others4 ,i again visited the ,comte de ,v41#g #ce runs one entry4 ,we got into the ,cities of ,bashan1 and stayed there three or four hours4 ,many pages are devoted to a detailed description of ,avignon1 and later of ,st4 ,john's ,church at ,malta1 of ,syracuse1 ,catania1 and ,messina4 ,at ,malta he visited the tomb of his grandfather 7the first ,marquess of ,hastings1 who died when governor of ,malta in #ahbf71 and was much pleased with it4 ,describing the high mass in the ,benedictine ,church at ,catania1 he says1 ,at the end1 during the ,gospel of ,st4 ,john1 the organist 7the organ is one of the finest in the world7 played a military march so well that ,i1 at least1 could hardly be persuaded that the loud clear clash1 the roll of the drums1 the ring of the triangle1 and the roar of the brass instruments were false4 ,it seemed to me that this passage1 which was admirably executed1 harmonised wonderfully well with the awful words of the part of the ,mass which it accompanied4 ,sidenote3 #ahff1 ,ascent of ,mount ,etna ,the young diarist's vivid descriptive powers are well shown in his narrative of the ascent of ,etna1 and the impression it made on him3 ,we dined at ,nicolosi on omelet1 bread1 and figs1 and the nastiest wine1 and at about #g p4m4 started on mules4 ,these beasts had saddles more uncomfortable than words can describe4 ,their pace was about #b-a_/b miles per hour1 which it was too easy to reduce1 but quite impossible to accelerate4 ,mine had for bridle a cord three feet long1 tied to one of several large rings on one side of its head4 ,the journey lasted till #a4cj a4m4 or later4444 ,about #cf #a in the morning1 ,mr4 ,w4 and one guide having long dropped far behind1 where their shrieks and yells 7now growing hoarse from despair7 could be faintly heard in the darkness far down the mountain1 we emerged upon the summit between the peaks2 and at the same time the full moon1 silver1 intense1 rose from behind the lower summit1 and shed a flood of light over the tremendous scene of desolation4 ,as far as the eye could reach1 there was nothing visible but cinders and sky4 ,at every step we sank eighteen inches into the black dust as we stumbled on in single file in perfect silence4 ,a couple of miles ahead rose the great crater peak1 with patches of snow at its foot and the eternal white cloud emanating and writhing from the summit4 ,after an hour's rest at the ,casa ,inglese1 a miserable hovel at the foot of the ,cone1 we started1 wrapped in plaids1 the cold being intense4 ,mr4 ,w4 had now rejoined us4 ,the ,cone is a hill about the size of ,arthur's ,seat1 covered with rolling friable cinders1 from which rise clouds of white sulphureous dust4 ,the ascent took rather more than an hour4 ,mr4 ,w4 gave out half-way up1 declaring he should faint4 ,the pungent sulphur-smoke came sweeping down the hill-side1 choking and blinding one4 ,eyes were smarting1 lungs loaded1 throat burnt1 mouth dry and nostrils choked4 ,on we struggled till the very ground gave forth curling clouds of smoke from every cranny4 ,a few more steps and we were on the summit1 at the very edge of the crater1 which yawned into perdition within a few inches of one's foot4 ,it is an immense glen1 surrounded by a chain of heights1 with tremendously precipitous sides1 bright yellow in the depths1 whence rises continually the cloud of smoke4 ,the whole scene is exactly like ,dore's illustrations of the ,inferno4444 ,the sun rose over ,italy as we sat with our heads wrapped up and handkerchiefs in our mouths2 but there was no view at all1 the height is too stupendous4 ,the #cg horror of the whole place cannot be depicted4 ,we were delighted to get back to the ,casa ,inglese1 where we remounted our mules and crept away4 ,sidenote3 #ahff1 ,impressions of ,eastern travel ,from ,sicily the travellers visited ,smyrna and ,chios on their way to ,constantinople4 ,pages of the diary are taken up with descriptions of churches1 and functions attended in them1 and it is of interest to note that1 profoundly interested as ,bute was in the ,greek churches and the ,greek liturgy1 his religious sympathies were entirely with the ,latin communion4 ,the spiritual deadness1 as he calls it1 of the schismatic churches of the ,east1 repelled and dismayed him4 ,it strikes me as essentially dreadful1 he writes of a visit to the ,church of the ,transfiguration at ,syra1 that the ,photian ,tabernacle everywhere enshrines a deserted ,saviour4 ,the daily sacrifice is not offered2 the churches are closed and cold1 save for a few hours on ,sunday and festivals2 visits to the ,b4 ,sacrament are unknown4 ,pictures are exposed to receive an exaggerated homage1 unknown and undreamt of in the ,west4 ,but it is absolutely true to say that the ,perpetual ,presence 7to which no reverence at all is offered1 by genuflection or otherwise7 receives less respect than one ordinarily pays to any place of worship whatever1 even a meeting-house or synagogue4 ,later1 recording a visit to the ,greek cathedral at ,pera1 he describes the service there as the most disagreeable function ,i ever attended3 the church crammed with people in a state of restlessness and irreverence characteristic of ,photian schismatics2 and the whole service as much spoiled as slurring1 drawling1 utter irreverence1 bad music1 and bad taste could spoil it4 ,after breakfast ,i #ch attended the ,high ,mass at the ,church of the ,franciscans--a different thing indeed from the ,photian ,cathedral2 and ,i went back there in the afternoon for ,vespers and ,benediction4 ,it has been sometimes said that ,bute1 during the period immediately preceding his reception into the ,catholic ,church1 was even more drawn towards the ,orthodox form of belief than he was to the prevailing religion of ,western ,christendom4 ,the above extracts show that the very reverse was the case4 ,genuine and earnest worship stirred and impressed him everywhere3 thus he writes1 after witnessing an elaborate ceremonial 7including the dance of the dervishes7 in a mosque at ,constantinople3 ,i left the mosque very much wrought up and excited4 ,there are those who are not impressed by this4 ,there are those also who laugh at a service in a language they do not know3 there are those who see nothing august or awful even in the ,holy ,mass4 ,slovenliness1 irreverence1 tepidity in religion were what pained and repelled him2 and finding those characteristics everywhere in the liturgical services of those whom he called the ,photians1 he was so far from being attracted towards any idea of joining their communion1 that he returned to ,england1 and to ,oxford1 after this ,eastern journey1 with the whole bent of his religious aspirations set more and more in the direction of the ,catholic and ,roman ,church4 ,his conversion was1 in fact1 accomplished before the end of this year1 although circumstances1 as will be seen1 compelled the postponement for a considerable time of the public and formal profession of his faith4 #a ,the ,scottish ,review1 which ,lord ,bute controlled at this time1 and to which he contributed many articles4 #b ,this was the chapel on the edge of the sea1 among the ,mountstuart woods1 which had been built for the convenience of the people living and working near the house4 ,lord ,bute used it as a domestic chapel until the new chapel at ,mountstuart was opened4 ,he was buried there in #aijj4 #c ,lord ,bute's only daughter1 ,lady ,margaret ,crichton-,stuart1 then in her twelfth year1 and under the tutelage of a ,greek governess4 #d ,adam ,hay ,gordon married in #ahgc the beautiful granddaughter of ,sir ,robert ,dalrymple ,horn ,elphinstone1 and died without issue1 as above recorded1 in ,july1 #ahid4 #e ',tis said that when upon a rocky shore ,the salt sea billows break with muffled roar1 ,and1 launched in mad career1 the thundering wave ,leaps booming through the weedy ocean cave2 ,each tenth is grander than the nine before4 ,and breaks with tenfold thunder on the shore4 ,alas6 it is so on the sounding sea2 ,but so1 ,o ,england1 it is not with thee6 ,thy decuman is broken on the shore3 ,a peer to him shall lave thee never more6 ,the text of the whole poem is given in ,appendix ,i4 #f ,the particulars of this whimsical incident in ,bute's university career have been kindly furnished by ,mr4 ,algernon ,turnor1 ,c4,b41 who was his contemporary at ,christ ,church4 ,it was he who rode--though not to victory--the steeplechaser mentioned in the text4 ,mr4 ,turner married in #ahhj ,lady ,henrietta ,stewart1 one of ,bute's early playmates and companions at ,galloway ,house4 #g ,eugene ,vicomte de ,voguee1 whom ,bute wrongly styles ,comte in his diary1 was a few months his junior4 ,one of the most brilliant and charming men of his generation1 he was in turn soldier1 diplomatist1 politician1 and litterateur4 ,he became a member of the ,academy in #ahhh and died in #aiaj4 ,he published books and articles on a great variety of subjects1 all marked with the profoundly religious feeling which characterised him4 #ci ,,chapter ,,iii ,,religious ,,inquiries--,,reception ,,postponed--,,coming ,,of ,,age #ahfg1 #ahfh ,a well-meaning person thought well to compile and publish1 some years ago1 a volume in which a few distinguished ,roman ,catholics1 and a great number of mediocrities1 were invited to describe the process and motives which led them to abandon 7as some cynic once expressed it7 the errors of the ,church of ,england for those of the ,church of ,rome4 ,lord ,bute1 who was among the many more or less eminent people who received and declined invitations to contribute to this symposium1 was certainly the last man likely to consent to recount his own religious experiences for the benefit of a curious public4 ,it is1 therefore1 all the more interesting that in a copy of the book above referred to1 belonging to one of his most intimate friends1#a was preserved a memorandum in ,bute's writing1 which throws an interesting light on some1 at least1 of the causes which were contributory to his own submission to the ,roman ,church4 ,i came to see very clearly indeed that the ,reformation was in ,england and ,scotland--,i had not studied it elsewhere--the work neither of ,god nor of the people1 its real authors being1 in the former country1 #dj a lustful and tyrannical ,king1 and in the latter a pack of greedy1 time-serving and unpatriotic nobles4 7,almost the only real patriots in ,scotland at that period were bishops like ,elphinstone1 ,reid1 and ,dunbar47 ,i also convinced myself 7#a7 that while the disorders rampant in the ,church during the sixteenth century clamoured loudly for reform1 they in no way justified apostacy and schism2 and 7#b7 that were ,i personally to continue1 under that or any other pretext1 to remain outside the ,catholic and ,roman ,church1 ,i should be making myself an accomplice after the fact in a great national crime and the most indefensible act in history4 ,and ,i refused to accept any such responsibility4 ,sidenote3 #ahfj1 ,attraction to ,roman ,church ,the late ,jesuit historian1 ,father ,joseph ,stevenson1 who spent a great number of years in laborious study 7for his work in the ,record ,office7 of the original documents and papers of the ,reformation period1 frankly avowed that it was what he learned in these researches1 and no other considerations whatever1 which convinced him--an elderly ,anglican clergyman of the old school--that the ,catholic ,church was the ,church of ,god1 and the so-called ,reformation the work of ,his enemies4 ,it was one of his colleagues in the ,society of ,jesus#b who quoted this to ,lord ,bute1 and his emphatic comment was1 ,that is a point of view which ,i thoroughly appreciate4 ,as to ,bute himself1 there were undoubtedly many sides of his character to which the appeal of the ancient ,church would be strong and insistent4 ,her august and venerable ritual1 the ordered splendour of her ceremonial1 the deep significance of her liturgy and worship1 #da could not fail to attract one who had learned to see in them far more than the mere outward pomp and beauty which are but symbols of their inward meaning4 ,the love and tenderness and compassion with which she is ever ready to minister to the least of her children would touch the heart of one who beneath a somewhat cold exterior had himself a very tender feeling for the stricken and the sorrowful4 ,the marvellous roll of her saints1 the story of their lives1 the record of their miracles1 would stir the imagination and kindle the enthusiasm of one who loved to remember1 as we have seen1 that the blood of pilgrims flowed in his veins1 and found one of his greatest joys in visiting the shrines1 following in the footsteps1 venerating the remains1 and verifying the acts of the saints of ,god in many lands1 even in the remotest corners of ,christendom4 ,his mind and heart and soul found satisfaction in all these things2 but most of all it was the historic sense which he possessed in so peculiar a degree1 the craving for an exact and accurate presentment of the facts of history1 which was one of his most marked characteristics--it was these which1 during his many hours of painful and laborious searching into the records of the past1 were the most direct and immediate factors in convincing his intellect1 as his heart was already convinced1 that the ,catholic and ,roman ,church1 and no other1 was the ,church founded by ,christ on earth1 and that to remain outside it was1 for him1 to incur the danger of spiritual shipwreck4 ,dr4 ,liddon1 who was at this time a ,senior ,student of ,christ ,church1 and resident in the college 7he became ,ireland ,professor of ,exegesis four years later1 and a ,canon of ,st4 ,paul's in the same year71 #db was wont to say that ,bute was far too busy1 during his undergraduate career1 in reconsidering and reconstructing his religious position1 to give more than a secondary place to his regular academic studies4 ,his reading1 which1 undistracted by any of the ordinary dissipations of university life1 he pursued with unflagging ardour1 sitting at his books often far into the night1 ranged over the whole field of comparative religion4 ,every form of ancient faith1 ,judaism1 ,buddhism1 ,islamism1 the beliefs of old ,egypt1 ,greece and ,rome1 as well as the creeds and worship of ,eastern and ,western ,christendom1 were the subject of his studies and his thoughts2 and the more he read and pondered1 the more clear became his conviction that in the ,roman ,church alone could his mind1 his heart1 and his imagination find rest and satisfaction4 ,no external influence of any kind helped to bring him to that conclusion4 ,in the conduct of his studies and the arrangement of his reading he freely sought and obtained the advice and assistance of tutors and professors1 both belonging to the ,house and outside it4 ,but from no ,roman ,catholic source did he ask or receive counsel or direction at this time2 and he once said that during the first year of his ,oxford course he was not even aware of the existence of a ,roman ,catholic church in the university city4 ,two or three ,catholic undergraduates were in residence at ,christ ,church in his time1 but he was not intimate with any of them4 ,he was fond of taking long walks1 then1 as always1 almost the only form of bodily exercise he favoured1 though he was a good swimmer and fencer2 and it was in company with his most intimate friend1 ,adam ,hay ,gordon1 that he once1 after a visit to ,wantage 7the associations #dc of which with ,king ,alfred greatly interested him71 penetrated to the ancient ,catholic chapel of ,east ,hendred1 not far distant4 ,he was greatly moved at learning that this venerable sanctuary was one of the very few in ,england in which1 it was said1 the lamp before the tabernacle had never been extinguished1 and ,mass had been celebrated all through the darkest days of penal times2 and he knelt so long in prayer before the altar that he had twice to be reminded by his companion of the long walk home they had in prospect4 ,this pilgrimage--,bute always considered it as such1 and spoke of it with emotion long years afterwards--took place in the autumn of #ahff2 and before he left ,oxford for the ,christmas vacation of that year he had made up his mind to seek admission without delay into the ,catholic fold1 and 7as he hoped7 to make his first communion as a ,catholic before the ,easter festival of the following year4 ,sidenote3 #ahff1 ,decision taken ,absorbed in his studies1 and cheered and encouraged by the dawn of religious certainty1 and his growing confidence in the sureness of the ground on which his feet were placed1 ,bute had1 it is probable1 reckoned little1 if at all1 on the storm of opposition1 protest1 and resentment which was bound to break out the moment his proposed change of religion became known4 ,lady ,edith ,fergusson1 his guardian's wife1 for whom he had a sincere affection1 first learned his intention from himself during his ,christmas sojourn at ,dumfries ,house4 ,the news came as a great blow to ,sir ,james1 who1 with all his good qualities1 had no intellectual equipment adequate to meeting the reasoned arguments of his young ward2 and he fled up to ,london to take counsel with ,bute's ,english guardians4 ,the tidings caused consternation in the #dd ,lord ,chancellor's ,court1 and 7it was said7 in a ,court even more august2 and the cry was for a scapegoat to bear the brunt of the general wrath4 ,who and where was the subtle ,jesuit1 the secret emissary of ,rome1 who had hatched the dark plot1 had got hold of the guileless youth1 and inveigled him away from the simple faith of his childhood8 ,public indignation was heightened rather than allayed by the impossibility of identifying this sinister conspirator4 ,non est inventus4 ,he had1 in fact1 no more existence than ,mrs4 ,harris4 ,the circumstances of the case were patent and simple4 ,a young man of strong religious instincts1 good parts1 and studious habits1 had1 after much reading1 grave consideration 7and1 it might be added1 earnest prayer1 but that was outside the public ken71 come to the conclusion that the religion of the greater part of ,christendom was right and that of the ,british minority wrong4 ,and what made matters worse was that he had in his constitution so large a share of native ,scottish tenacity1 that there seemed no possibility of inducing him to change his mind4 ,the obvious1 and only alternative1 policy was delay4 ,get him to put off the evil day1 and all might yet be well4 ,the mot d'ordre was accordingly given2 and a united crusade was entered on by kinsfolk and acquaintance1 guardians1 curators1 and tutors-at-law1 the ,chancellor and his myrmidons1 the family solicitors1 and finally the dons and tutors at ,oxford1 to extract from the prospective convert1 at whatever cost1 a promise not to act on his convictions at least until after attaining his majority4 ,after that--well1 anything might happen2 and if during the interval of nearly two years he were to take to drink or gambling1 to waste his substance on riotous living 7like his #de unfortunate cousin71 or generally to go to the devil--it would be of course very regrettable1 but anyhow he would be rescued from ,popery1 and that was the only thing that really mattered4 ,sidenote3 #ahfg1 ,oxford alarmed ,in the midst of these alarums and excursions the young peer returned to ,christ ,church for the ,lent term of #ahfg1 and found himself the object of much more public attention and solicitude than he at all appreciated4 ,life is odious here at present1 he wrote to the always faithful friend of whose sympathy he was sure1 and ,i am having a worse time even than ,i had during all the rows about my guardianship4 ,luckily ,i am better able to bear it1 and nothing will ever change my resolution4 ,dr4 ,liddon concerned himself very actively with the project of getting ,bute to agree to delay in carrying out his purpose2 and with him was associated ,dr4 ,mansel1 at that time a ,fellow of ,st4 ,john's and ,professor of ,church ,history 7he became ,dean of ,st4 ,paul's in #ahfh74 ,there were some advanced churchmen among the ,senior ,students#c of that day1 including the ,rev4 ,r4 ,benson1 first superior of the ,cowley brotherhood1 and the ,rev4 ,t4 ,chamberlain of ,st4 ,thomas's1 who claimed to be the first clergyman to have worn a chasuble in his parish church since the ,reformation4#d ,such men as these would naturally #df point out that ,bute could get all that he wanted in their section of the ,anglican ,church2 but by another of the ,students1 ,mr4 ,septimus ,andrews1 who afterwards followed ,bute into the ,catholic ,church and became an ,oblate of ,st4 ,charles1 he was encouraged to remain faithful to his convictions1 in spite of the strong pressure brought to bear on him from all quarters4 ,it was even said that ,dr4 ,pusey 7who seems to have taken no part in the agitation of the time7 was to be asked to approach ,dr4 ,newman in his retirement at ,edgbaston1 and beg him to use his influence to secure the delay which was all that was now hoped for4 ,there is no evidence that this step was actually taken2 but the success1 such as it was1 of these reiterated appeals for postponement of the final and definitive step is attested by the following deeply interesting letter1 written by ,bute to his friend at ,oxford at the beginning of the ,easter vacation of #ahfg4 ,sidenote3 #ahfg1 ,a sad letter #abb1 ,george ,st41 ,edinburgh1 ,maundy ,thursday1 #ahfg4 ,,my ,,dear ,,miss ,,skene1 ,on this day1 which was to have seen my ,first ,communion1 ,i do not believe ,i should have the heart to write and tell you that it has all failed1 if it were not for a sort of hard1 cold1 listless feeling of utter apathy to everything ,divine which is new to me1 but which has1 as it were1 petrified me since my fall4 ,the long and short is that the ,protestants--i4e4 the ,lord ,chancellor and his ,court2 my ,guardians2 my friends and relations2 and ,mansel1 ,liddon1 and ,co4 have extorted from me a promise not to become a ,catholic till ,i am of age4 ,they are #dg jubilant with the jubilation of devils over a lost soul2 but ,i am hopeless and weary to a degree4 ,there remains nothing to say now1 except that ,i am utterly wrecked4 ,i have not dared to pray since4 ,i have heard ,mass twice1 but ,i looked on with an indifference greater than if ,i had been at a play4 ,i feel no moral principle either4 ,it is simply all up4 ,instead of feeling these holy days1 the thought of the suffering of ,christ simply haunts me like a nightmare4 ,i try to drown it and drive it away4 ,there is no use in going on this way4 ,it is a triumph for which ,mansel1 etc41 are thanking ,god 7674 ,i know what my own position is4 ,it is hopeless1 and graceless1 and godless4 ,most sincerely yours1 ,,bute ,,and ,,dumfries4 ,if the well-meaning divines and others who had wrung from ,bute1 under the severest moral pressure1 the much-desired promise1 had had an opportunity of perusing the above letter1 the jubilation of which he speaks would surely have been considerably modified4 ,it is a sad enough document to have been written by a youth in his twentieth year1 to whom his opening manhood seemed to offer1 from a worldly point of view1 everything that was most brilliant and most desirable4 ,the day on which it was dated1 and the thought of all that day was to have been to him1 and yet was not1 naturally deepened the depression under which it was penned1 and led him perhaps to exaggerate the condition of spiritual dereliction which he so pathetically described4 ,but if his life was not in reality wrecked1 if he had not in truth 7and we know that he had not7 lost all sense of moral principles1 it is impossible to avoid the reflection that no thanks for this are due #dh to those who seem utterly to have misapprehended the strength and sincerity of his religious convictions1 and the very grave responsibility they incurred 7to say nothing of the risk to himself7 in persuading him to stifle them1 even for a time4 ,it was their hope1 doubtless1 that the delay they had secured would ultimately lead to the abandonment of his purpose2 but nothing is more certain that while resolved to abide faithfully by his promise1 he was inflexibly determined to follow his conscience and carry out his declared intention at the very moment that he was free to do so4 ,this resolution taken1 his wonted tranquillity returned1 and he went back to ,christ ,church for the summer term to resume undisturbed1 and with a mind at rest1 his quiet life of study and other congenial occupations4 ,reproduced here is a rough sketch from his pen1 dated at this time 7,may #ac1 #ahfg71 but not otherwise described4 ,the drawing1 which is not devoid of charm and power1 depicts apparently the ,communion of ,st4 ,margaret1 ,queen of ,scotland4 ,on the same sheet is another sketch which seems to be a design for a stained glass window representing ,scottish ,saints4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,communion ,,of ,,st4 ,,margaret1 ,,queen ,,of ,,scotland ,sidenote3 #ahfg1 ,a long vacation cruise ,a great part of the ,long ,vacation of #ahfg was spent by ,bute in a cruise to the north of ,scotland and to ,iceland1 in the yacht ,ladybird1 which he had recently purchased4 ,on ,sundays in my yacht1 he writes to a friend from ,edinburgh on ,july #ac1 #ahfg1 ,i am to conduct ,presbyterian services4 ,there is a book of prayers approved by the ,church of ,scotland for the purpose3 instead of sermon1 some immense bit of ,scripture1 e4g4 the whole ,epistle to the ,romans4 ,this letter1 by the way1 is dated ,feast of ,s4 ,anicete--a rare instance of hagiographical inaccuracy on the writer's part4 #di ,july #ac is not the festival of ,st4 ,anicetus1 ,p4,m4 7who is commemorated on ,april #ag71 but of an earlier ,pope and ,martyr1 ,st4 ,anacletus4 ,bute visited ,st4 ,andrews during this cruise--a fact to which he made interesting reference on a memorable occasion many years subsequently4#e ,it #ej was1 however1 in quest of the relics of another ancient saint and martyr1 dear for centuries to ,scottish ,christians under the title of ,st4 ,magnus of ,orkney1 that ,bute spent much time in far northern waters during the summer of #ahfg4 ,magnus ,earl of ,orkney1 if not a martyr in the technical sense any more than ,st4 ,oswald 7called ,king and ,martyr7 and some others of the early ,english ,saints1 was yet a ,christian hero who died a violent death at the hands of his enemies4 ,it was in the little island of ,egilshay that he was slain in ,a4,d4 #aaaf by his treacherous cousin ,haco2 and there ,bute landed from his yacht1 kissing 7as he records7 the sacred ground as he touched the land1 and recommending--he does not say with what result--his companion1 ,mr4 ,george ,petrie1 ,f4,s4,a41 to do the same4 ,after visiting the ancient church1 dedicated to the saint1 though its round tower is probably far older than the time of ,st4 ,magnus1 ,bute spent a long time at ,kirkwall in the study of its noble cathedral1 where he obtained leave to take the reputed bones of the saint from their resting-place in the great pier on the north side of the choir4 ,a minute inspection of these bones1 conducted by himself1 ,mr4 ,petrie1 two local doctors1 and an apothecary1 convinced him that the skull 7an unusually large one1 of a very degenerate type1 with an old sword-cut in it over which there was a new growth of bone7 was not in the least likely to be that of ,st4 ,magnus2 and there were other remains in the cavity1 clearly those of a different person4 ,this conclusion was confirmed by subsequent investigations 7nineteen #ea years later7 which ,bute made in ,orkney1 and to which reference is made on a later page4#f ,these details are worth mention1 as testifying to the scrupulous care with which he was always anxious to examine any supposed relic of antiquity 7whether the remains of a saint or anything else7 before giving credence to its authenticity4 ,sidenote3 #ahfg1 ,st4 ,magnus of ,orkney ,to the memory1 and for the personality1 of ,st4 ,magnus himself1 ,bute always cherished a lively devotion and veneration1#g which was shown not only in some of his later writings1 but in a hymn of seven stanzas which he composed at this time in honour of the saint1 and which was printed in the ,orcadian over the signature ,oxonian4 ,it is a free paraphrase of the ,latin vesper hymn assigned to ,st4 ,magnus in the ,aberdeen ,breviary on his feast day 7,april #af71 and has more merit than was claimed for it by its author1 who described it in a letter to ,mr4 ,petrie as a very indifferent attempt4 ,another poetical composition of his dating from this period was a pretty set of verses entitled ,our ,lady of the ,snows1 which was published anonymously this year in the ,union ,review 7then edited by ,dr4 ,f4 ,j4 ,lee7 after being declined by the editor of the ,month4#h ,he wrote to ,miss ,skene from ,thurso on ,july #af1 #ahfg3 #eb ,i am tickled pleasurably by the opinion of the editor of the ,union about my little poem4 ,are we to conclude that the standard of the ,month is the higher of the two1 as it rejects what the ,union admits1 and even describes as feeling and beautiful8 ,i confess that till now that had not been the result produced on my mind by a comparison of their respective ,poet's ,corners4 ,sidenote3 #ahfg1 ,lady ,elizabeth ,moore ,bute continued his yachting cruise from ,orkney to ,iceland1 and spent there his twentieth birthday1 viewing the volcano of ,hecla in full eruption1 as he had seen ,etna a year previously4 ,one of his birthday letters was from ,lady ,elizabeth ,moore1 with whom he had renewed a regular correspondence1 and who was now happy in the belief that her former ward's secession from ,protestantism was postponed sine die4 ,her letters are always characteristically kind and affectionate1 if every phrase is not altogether judicious4 ,,my ,,very ,,dear ,,cousin1 ,you are much in my thoughts this day4444 ,my most affectionate good wishes on your entering your twenty-first year4 ,may the ,almighty bless and protect you4 ,may you be preserved from evil doings and erroneous opinions1 and prove a bright example of good to others in the elevated position of life in which ,god has placed you4 ,ten years ago ,i spent ,september #ab at ,st4 ,andrews with a little boy1 the cherished object of his mother's deepest affection4 ,we little thought how soon he would be deprived of that excellent parent1 and how cruel would be the consequences that followed her sad loss4 ,you have wonderfully escaped the dangers and survived the difficulties of your too eventful life in early youth4 ,may the future be more calm1 more happy6 444 ,your mother's bequest to me has #ec been a source of more anxiety than you can ever know4 ,my consolation is that ,i firmly did my duty towards my cousin who trusted me1 and towards her orphan child4 ,lady ,elizabeth wrote a week later3 ,,my ,,dearest ,,bute1 ,i was charmed to receive your letter of the #afth1 with most interesting details4 ,i pass it on to-day to ,sir ,james ,fergusson1 who merits that attention4 ,i am thankful you are safe out of cold1 dreary1 dangerous ,iceland1 though in after times it will be amusing to talk of your travels in such a curious unvisited country4 ,you are a dear good ,boy for writing so often1 and ,i thank you very very much2 only it vexed me to be forced to remain so long silent4 ,on your birthday we drank your health with a sentiment1 and the servants had a bottle of wine for the festive occasion1 and ,mungo ,bute's dog was decorated with a new ribbon4444 ,mr4 ,henry ,stuart has been extremely civil in sending me boxes of game and fruit from ,mountstuart4 ,there were great doings on the #abth at ,rothesay1 from which ,i gather you are now considered ,somebody1 instead of being ,nobody 7which ,i always felt you were wrong in ever permitting74 ,if ,sir ,j4 ,f4 had been ,guardian long ago1 such a state of things would not have existed4 ,bute was called away from ,oxford1 soon after his return for the ,october term1 to attend the funeral at ,cheltenham of his last surviving aunt1 ,lady ,selina ,henry4 ,his mother had had three sisters1 but he had never been intimate with any of them1 although he appreciated their personal piety more1 perhaps1 than they did his4 ,when ,i return1 he wrote from ,cheltenham to his ,oxford #ed friend1 ,i shall be able1 perhaps1 to add to your knowledge of the ultra-,protestant school1 as ,i have already added to my own4 ,it is wonderful how holy some people are in spite of everything4 ,bute always recalled with pleasure the extreme piety of some of his ,protestant forbears1 notably that of his great-great-grandmother1 ,selina ninth ,countess of ,huntingdon1#i after whom ,lady ,selina ,henry was named4 ,he gave an old engraved portrait of this esteemed ancestress1 who was as homely-looking as she was pious1 to an intimate friend1 with these words written under it by himself3 ,fallax est gratia et vana pulchritudo3 mulier timens ,dominum ipsa laudabitur4#aj ,not only tolerant of1 but conspicuously fair-minded towards1 the religious views of others1 ,bute gave evidence of this1 as well as of his deep interest in theological questions1 in a letter written early in #ahfh on the subject of the ,filioque clause in the ,creed1 which divides ,east from ,west4 ,himself persuaded of the truth of the doctrine on this1 as on all other points1 held in the ,latin ,church1 he could not pass unchallenged defective or disingenuous arguments even on the right side4 ,it is really breaking a fly on the wheel to attack the argument of the writer in the ,rock4 ,what he says is this3 ,if the ,spirit proceeds from the ,father only1 and not from the ,father and the ,son1 then the ,father1 by this attribute of emitting #ee the ,spirit1 which the ,son has not1 is of a nature so different from that of the ,son that they cannot be of one substance4 ,this visibly ludicrous position can be shown to be an absurdity thus3 ,the ,son is by generation1 the ,spirit by procession1 which is a much greater difference between them than there is between the ,father and the ,son by the ,father's being ,spirit-emitting and the ,son not4 ,therefore1 if this difference between the ,father and the ,son be sufficient to make them of different substances1 how much more shall the ,son and the ,spirit be of different substances6 ,which is absurd4 ,his characteristic reverence in approaching such subjects is shown in the postscript of this letter1 dated from ,christ ,church1 ,march #bf1 #ahfh3 ,i have a great shrinking from writing or speaking upon this awful matter4 ,but as you wanted it1 here it is4 ,sidenote3 #ahfh1 ,to ,russia with ,lord ,rosebery ,in the ,long ,vacation of this year--his last as an ,oxford undergraduate--,bute again spent some weeks in a yachting cruise1 not this time in ,eastern waters1 but in the ,north ,sea and the ,baltic1 his companion being ,lord ,rosebery1 who was just his own age1 and had matriculated at ,christ ,church in the same term as himself4 ,at the end of ,august he returned home in view of his impending majority1 which was celebrated in ,september all over his extensive estates with much rejoicing1 the principal festivities being held at ,cardiff4 ,it will be a great ordeal1 he wrote a few days previously1 and one which ,i wish it were possible to avoid4 ,it was in truth only the strong sense of duty by which he was #ef ever actuated that enabled him to overcome his natural repugnance to appearing as the principal figure in such demonstrations2 but when the time came he enacted his part with dignity and success1 and won golden opinions everywhere4 ,his personal appearance1 hitherto unknown to thousands of those who acclaimed him in the streets1 prepossessed them in his favour4 ,his well-knit and stalwart form1 writes one of those present1 and the combined expression of amiability and decision of character stamped upon his countenance1 struck all present4 ,and the same observer commends in the young peer's speeches on this occasion1 the simplicity of style1 conciseness of expression and depth of sentiment which showed him to be a man of thought and reflection1 and one thoroughly alive to the great responsibility entailed on him by the heritage of wealth4 ,his principal speech was delivered at a great dinner given him by more than three thousand of the tradesmen and workers of ,cardiff1 and it very favourably impressed all who heard it4 ,in reply to the toast of his health1 he said3 ,i tell you that when ,i come into this great and growing town1 and see the vast number of men who are nourished by its growing prosperity1 and when ,i feel the ties of duty which bind me to them2 when ,i consider the hopes which they fix on me and the affectionate and precious regard with which for my father's sake they look on me2 when it comes home to me that ,i must perforce do great good or great evil to them2 and when1 on the other hand1 my self-knowledge sets before me my own few years1 my inexperience1 my weakness1 my many faults1 my limited ability1 my loneliness1 the weight of responsibility which lies on me seems sometimes absolutely crushing4 ,but it will not do to be #eg crushed by it1 and ,i do not mean to be4 ,i mean to try to do my best for this place to the end of my life1 and to do this ,i would ask you to help me4 ,illustration3 ,,cardiff ,,castle4 ,sidenote3 #ahfh1 ,rejoicings at ,cardiff ,the rejoicings at ,cardiff1 which lasted a full week1 included the public roasting of two oxen1 one in the old river-bed1 the other at the head of the west dock4 ,the ,corporation also entertained ,bute to a banquet1 of which the bill of fare is worth reproducing1 as a specimen of the ,gargantuan scale on which such things were done in mid-,victorian days3 ,soups4--,mock turtle1 ox-tail1 ,julienne1 vermicelli4 ,fish4--,turbot and lobster sauce1 mullet a la cardinal1 crimped cod and oyster sauce1 filets de sole4 ,removes4--,haunch venison1 boiled leg of lamb1 roast beef1 green goose1 rouleau of veal1 ragout sausages1 roast chicken1 boiled turkey 7,bechamel71 braised rump beef1 saddle mutton1 turkey a la royale1 forced calves' head1 ducks1 rouleau of venison1 boiled chicken1 tongues1 hams4 ,entrees4--,sweetbreads a la ,princesse1 lamb-cutlets au ,jersey1 compot of pigeons1 fillet of chicken a la royale1 filet de boeuf1 kidneys au champagne1 pork cutlets and tomato sauce1 vol-au-vent4 ,game4--,partridges1 hares1 grouse4 ,sweets4--,ice pudding1 ,snowdon pudding1 plum pie and cream1 macaroni au gratin1 ,charlotte ,russe1 cabinet pudding1 ,italian cream1 pastries 7various71 jellies 7various74 ,the dinner1 it was reported1 gave great satisfaction2 and it is only to be hoped that those of the guests who worked conscientiously through the menu did not live to repent it4 ,bute spent the rest of the autumn1 after coming of age1 quietly at ,cardiff1 reading much1 and preparing #eh himself for the important step--his reception into the ,catholic ,church--which he now felt himself free to take4 ,he had already begun to obey the dietary rules prescribed to the faithful 7he found them always extremely trying1 though he observed them strictly all his life74 ,my chief news he wrote on ,october #bd1 #ahfh is that ,i have begun to keep the laws of the ,church about fasting and abstinence1 and had my first fish dinner yesterday4 ,the series of messes1 fish and eggs and puddings1 nearly made me sick4 ,in the same letter he refers to a more important matter1 the breaking off of his projected marriage4 ,he had formed an attachment to the sixth of the seven beautiful daughters of a well-known peer2 but the rumours of his conversion1 which was now known to be certainly impending1 had caused the lady's parents to withdraw their sanction to the proposed engagement4 ,to-day's post he writes brings me a long letter from the ,duchess of ----4 ,it is very disheartening4 ,unless the woman lies1 she will do everything in her power to prevent the marriage4 ,she is1 ,i think1 too upright a woman to deceive4 ,sidenote3 #ahfh1 ,a ghostly warning ,this autumn was overshadowed for ,bute by an event which he felt much for several reasons1 the death 7on ,november #aj71 when only in his twenty-seventh year1 of his cousin the fourth and last ,marquess of ,hastings1 to whose unfortunate career reference has already been made4 ,bute had gone up to ,scotland a few days previously1 leaving at ,cardiff ,castle ,mr4 ,john ,boyle 7the brother of one of his former curators and a trustee of his father's #ei will71 who on ,november #aj was expecting a friend to dinner4 ,seated in the library1 he heard a carriage roll through the great courtyard and stop at the door4 ,after an interval1 thinking the bell must be broken1 he came into the hall1 but the butler1 who was waiting there1 assured him that no carriage had come4 ,next morning he received a telegram announcing that ,lord ,hastings had died suddenly the night before4 ,he only heard later1 for the first time1 that the arrival of a spectral carriage was said always to foretell the death of some member of the ,hastings family4#aa #a ,hartwell ,grissell1 ,m4,a41 of ,brasenose1 and for many years attached to the ,papal ,court4 #b ,the late ,father ,james ,mac,sweeney1 ,bute's principal collaborator in his opus magnum1 the translation of the ,roman ,breviary4 #c ,the ,senior ,students 7now called ,students7 of ,christ ,church correspond to the ,fellows of other colleges4 #d ,the writer was told by ,mr4 ,chamberlain himself1 in his old age1 that he had first worn a red chasuble at ,st4 ,thomas's ,church on ,whit ,sunday1 #ahed4 ,dr4 ,neale1 however1 had certainly worn the ,eucharistic vestments before that in his chapel at ,east ,grinstead2 and they were introduced at ,wilmscote 7,warwickshire7 as early as #ahdi4 #e ,i remember when ,i was at ,oxford1 he said in his ,rectorial address at ,st4 ,andrews a quarter of a century later 7post1 p4 #ahg71 and was going one ,long ,vacation to ,iceland in company with an ,english friend 7now the secretary of one of ,her ,majesty's ministers71 ,i stopped the yacht here at ,st4 ,andrews in order to show him with pride the only place in ,scotland1 as far as ,i know1 whose appearance can boast any kinship with that of ,oxford4 #f ,see post1 pp4 #aej1 #aea4 #g ,isn't it perfectly monstrous1 ,bute is recorded to have once asked a lady in a ,london drawing-room1 a propos of nothing in particular1 that ,st4 ,magnus hasn't got an octave8 ,what the lady said or thought is not recorded1 but ,bute had the satisfaction of knowing1 before his death1 that ,pope ,leo ,,xiii4 had at least authorised the keeping of ,st4 ,magnus's festival throughout ,scotland2 ,the ,scots ,benedictine ,abbey of ,fort ,augustus is probably the only place in ,christendom where the feast-day of the holy ,earl 7,april #af7 is annually celebrated by a solemn high ,mass4 #h ,the text of these two poems is given in ,appendices ,,ii4 and ,,iii4 #i ,patroness of ,george ,whitefield 7the inventor of ,calvinistic ,methodism71 and founder of numerous chapels up and down ,england1 which were under her absolute control4 ,the adherents of this sect 7known as the ,countess of ,huntingdon's ,connexion7 for the most part joined the ,congregationalist body later4 #aj ,favour is deceitful and beauty is vain3 the woman that feareth the ,lord1 she shall be praised 7,prov4 xxxi4 #cj74 #aa ,mr4 ,boyle's grandson1 who communicates this incident1 adds3 ,my grandfather always told this story very solemnly1 and with the fullest conviction of its truth1 although he was not at all apt to believe in anything except the most positive and material facts4 ,lady ,margaret ,mac,rae 7,bute's only daughter7 has assured the writer that on the eve of her father's death at ,dumfries ,house 7,october #h1 #aijj71 she was an ear-witness of a phenomenon precisely similar to that described in the text4 #fj ,,chapter ,,iv ,,danesfield--,,reception ,,into ,,catholic ,,church #ahfg-ahfi ,the conversion of ,bute to the ,roman ,church1 as to which his mind was practically made up before the end of #ahff1 though the actual step was delayed until nearly two years later1 was brought about1 as we have seen1 chiefly by his own reading and reflection1 combined with the impression wrought on his mind by foreign travel--not1 it is to be noted1 mainly in ,catholic countries1 but in those ,eastern lands where he had every opportunity of studying at first hand the various forms of worship and belief in which he was so deeply interested4 ,none of his companions on these extended journeys were ,roman ,catholics1 nor apparently in any degree sympathetic with the spirit in which the young ,scottish pilgrim visited those historic spots4 ,a casual note in one of his journals reveals the fact that he defrayed in most cases the entire expenses of his fellow-travellers on these trips2 but though he thus secured companionship1 there is no evidence that his varied journeyings were carried out in society particularly congenial to him4 ,at ,oxford1 as has been already said1 his only really intimate friends 7in a host of acquaintances7 were a lady already middle-aged1 and two undergraduates1 whose loyal affection for him certainly #fa did not include any intelligent sympathy with his religious aspirations4 ,it was not until the ,christmas vacation of #ahff1 when his conversion was to all intents and purposes an accomplished fact1 that he became for the first time intimate with a ,catholic family1 and through them with one who was destined to be the actual instrument of his reception into the ,latin ,communion4 ,let us pause for a moment at the turning-point in his life which we have now reached1 and look back some eighteen months to the beginning and the development of this new friendship4 ,sidenote3 #ahfg1 ,danesfield ,not far from the old town of ,marlow1 among chalky downs starred in early summer with masses of golden ,st4 ,john's wort1 stood in those days the pretty country seat of ,danesfield1 the home of ,mr4 ,charles ,scott ,murray1 a ,catholic gentleman of ,scottish descent and good estate4 ,he had married a daughter of the twelfth ,lord ,lovat1 and had a large family2 and both his country home and his house in ,cavendish ,square were centres of much pleasant hospitality4 ,lord ,bute stayed with him several times at ,danesfield1 and made there1 early in #ahfg1 the acquaintance of the ,rev4 ,t4 ,w4 7afterwards ,monsignor7 ,capel1 who acted as chaplain in the beautiful private chapel 7one of ,pugin's finest works7 attached to the house4 ,lord ,bute was often at ,danesfield in those days1 writes a daughter of the house1 and ,i remember him sitting for hours talking to my mother--almost always on religious subjects--and watching her embroidering vestments for the chapel4 ,with the chaplain also he held many conversations1 and informed himself through him about many points in ,catholic practice and observance4 ,but he was already1 as has been #fb seen1 practically convinced of the truth of the ,roman claims2 and he subsequently took occasion more than once emphatically to deny that there was any truth whatever in the popular idea that he had been converted by ,mgr4 ,capel4 ,writing to an intimate friend1#a four or five years later1 on the subject of a biography of that prelate which it was proposed to publish1 he says3 ,if it does come out1 the only thing ,i hope they won't put in is that he converted me1 which would be1 to put it plainly1 a mere lie4 ,mgr4 ,c4 performed the ceremony of reception in ,december1 #ahfh4 ,i chose him for the purpose because1 having several times met him at the ,scott ,murrays' the year before1 ,i knew him fairly well1 and was pleased with his clear and simple way of explaining certain things ,i wished to know4 ,i received much spiritual help from him at a time when ,i was greatly in need of such help1 and yet was unable1 for certain reasons1 to take the final step2 and ,i was1 and am1 grateful to him for this and for much else4 ,but that ,i was in any sense converted by him is simply untrue4#b ,sidenote3 #ahfg1 ,converts to ,roman ,church ,bute was greatly attracted by the kindness1 good sense1 and sterling ,catholic piety of his host #fc at ,danesfield1 and had a sincere regard and affection for both him and his wife1 and indeed for the whole family4 ,his initial shyness once overcome1 one of them writes1 he became like one of ourselves4 ,he shared all our home life1 came to ,mass and ,benediction with us as a matter of course1 and talked quite simply of how he longed to be a 'real' ,catholic4 ,of his postponed reception he wrote to ,mr4 ,scott ,murray in much the same terms 7though more briefly7 as he had written to his friend at ,oxford4 ,april #af1 #ahfg4 ,,my ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,scott ,,murray1 ,it is all over for the present4 ,i have yielded to the pressure of the ,court of ,chancery1 my guardians1 and the ,oxford people1 and given them a promise not to be received until ,i am of age4 ,i do assure you that the state of hopelessness in which ,i am is sad to a degree4 ,when ,i see you next ,i can tell you1 if you like1 the details of a very wretched business4 ,i have a favour to ask1 which is that you will get for me one of those crosses such as you have hanging on your beads4 ,i hope you will not refuse me this kindness1 although ,i remain external to the ,faith4 ,believe me always1 with many thanks for all your kindness1 most sincerely yours1 ,,bute4 ,a letter to the same correspondent1 towards the close of the year1 mentions the names of some recent or prospective converts to the ,roman ,church1 in whom ,bute was naturally interested4 ,dumfries ,house1 ,christmas ,eve1 #ahfg4 ,i was for two nights at ,blenheim at the end of term2 they were rather full of ,lady ,portarlington's#c #fd conversion1 and told me also that the young ,norths had been received and their mother was about to be4 ,we heard there also of the reception of ,lord ,granard and ,lord ,louth--an unusual event1 ,i imagine1 in ,ireland4 ,i met at ,blenheim an old ,admiral1 ,sir ,lucius ,curtis#d 7at least eighty71 who became a ,catholic1 he told me1 soon after ,newman1 more than twenty years ago4 ,two men connected with ,aberdeen1 ,george ,akers of ,oriel#e and ,william ,humphrey1#f the ,bishop of ,brechin's chaplain1 are both going over1 ,i hear1 almost at once4 ,akers is1 ,i believe1 an able man2 but a more distinguished convert is ,clarke1 fellow of ,st4 ,john's#g 7and a famous rowing man74 ,george ,lane ,fox and ,hartwell ,grissell are both certain1 ,i believe4 ,so you see ,oxford is moving4 ,sidenote3 #ahfh1 ,fatality at ,christ ,church ,the friendship between ,bute and ,capel1 begun at ,danesfield1 was strengthened during the summer term of #ahfh1 the latter part of which ,mr4 ,capel spent at ,oxford1 in residence at the ,catholic presbytery4 ,he arrived there a day or two after a sad fatality at ,christ ,church1 the shock of which was deeply felt by all--even the most wild and thoughtless--of the members of the ,house4 ,a letter from ,bute thus describes it3 #fe ,ch4 ,ch41 ,may #ad1 #ahfh4 ,one of the most frightful accidents ,i have ever known took place here last night4 ,a man called ,marriott1 whom ,i knew well1 one of the sporting set 7he rode my horse in a steeplechase only last term71 fell out of the top windows of ,peckwater1 and died in about half an hour4 ,you may conceive what a state ,ch4 ,ch4 is in4444 ,mr4 ,capel is coming next ,wednesday1 and ,i am sure his visit will do good4 ,indeed ,i think this opportunity an admirable one1 when the sight of death has awakened many from the dream of sensuality in which they habitually lie asleep4 ,a letter to the same correspondent next day gives a curious picture of the state of feeling at the ,house3 ,ch4 ,ch41 ,may #ae1 #ahfh4 ,another fatal accident6 ,what days we are living in4 ,yesterday afternoon some undergraduates were shooting crows with saloon pistols about ,magdalen ,walks1 when one of them got shot through the stomach and died almost at once4 ,he was an ,exeter man4 ,we are all in black and white at the ,house1 and very sad and depressed4 ,last night a number of us dined at the ,mitre1 so as to keep away from the ,house4 ,it was a strange meal--much noisy talk and a good deal drunk1 but every now and then came long miserable pauses1 and talk about ,marriott in low1 frightened tones4 ,afterwards they came down to my rooms for coffee1 and as we sat here we could hear the passing bell tolling from ,st4 ,aldate's4 ,some1 almost in desperation1 rushed off to the billiard-room and played pool in a gloomy sort of way4 ,it was anything to keep away out of the ,house4 ,i assure you the gloom and misery of it all are excessive4 ,i hear men saying that they simply dare not die4 #ff ,i do feel that ,mr4 ,capel will find men here not unprepared to listen to him4 ,left to themselves1 they are evidently making desperate efforts to forget it all4444 ,i had seen him lying in the ground-floor room where he died--totally unconscious1 and breathing with great difficulty4 ,the ,senior ,censor came in when ,i was there1 and read over him the prayers for the dying4 ,this was the very clergyman who told me a few months ago that he did not believe in prayer4444 ,i went into the room again after the men had gone to the billiard-room4 ,it was the room of a friend of his3 the walls covered with pictures of horses and actresses1 and whips and spurs and pipes4 ,the body lay on a mattress on the floor1 covered with a sheet4 ,it was all dreadful1 and ,i tried in vain in that room to say a ,de ,profundis for him4 ,as ,i went out ,i met men coming in carrying the coffin4 ,a letter three days later gives an account of the funeral3 ,oxford1 ,may #ah4 ,we all assembled in the cathedral1 in mourning1 at #b4cj p4m4 ,the ,dean read the funeral service1 making repeated and most painful slips of the tongue4 ,then the choir sang a really lovely anthem1 ,in the sight of the unwise he seemed to die1 but he is at peace4 ,all were much moved2 and the man next me was1 ,i think1 crying1 as indeed ,i was myself4 ,we walked in procession1 two and two1 to ,peck41 then formed a lane to ,canterbury ,gate1 through which the hearse passed1 his friends following it down to the station4 ,all in profound silence1 broken only by the tramp of feet and the tolling of the bell4 ,everything inky black1 except as much of the ,dean's surplice as a huge black scarf and stole let be seen4 ,the coffin was all black1 with no cross #fg or anything else to relieve it4 ,i heard great disgust expressed at the godless gloom of it all4 ,i have mentioned ,mr4 ,capel's visit to several2 and they have all hailed it1 ,i may say1 with pleasure4 ,what has happened here has made many think and say1 ,now is the time to arise from sleep4 ,only they are so chained by the habits of their lives and by the fear of what the worldly consequences may be if they follow their consciences4 ,sidenote3 #ahfh1 ,capel at ,oxford ,mr4 ,capel1 of whose visit to ,oxford1 and its possible results1 his friend entertained such sanguine hopes1 was at that time a man of very attractive personality1 pleasing alike in appearance1 manner1 and address1 and possessed of a singular gift of eloquence4 ,bute's hope1 no doubt1 was that his earnestness1 sympathy1 and tact might have a soothing effect on the nerves of his friends1 still quivering from the shock of the recent catastrophe2 and to some extent his anticipations were justified4 ,several of the undergraduates made ,mr4 ,capel's acquaintance1 and were pleased and touched by his unaffected kindness4 ,one of them1 he found1 had been for some months resolved to make his submission to ,rome2 and by ,mr4 ,capel's advice he asked for an interview with the ,dean and frankly informed him of his intention1 adding1 apparently1 that he thought it highly probable that his example would be followed by others4 ,capel wrote on ,may #ca to ,mrs4 ,scott ,murray3 ,the ,dean of ,christ ,church is in a great state of mind1 having just heard from ,b---- not only of his own decision1 but of the likelihood of others taking a like step4 ,pusey1 ,i hear1 has written to the ,dean to the effect that any secessions which might take place were to be attributed not to the #fh teaching of the ,high ,church party1 but to his 7the ,dean's7 bad government of the college6 ,meanwhile ,liddon has issued a peremptory mandate prohibiting the undergraduates of the ,house from making my acquaintance4 ,as ,bute puts it1 this is a clear case of shutting the stable door after the horse had been stolen4 ,all those who want to know me1 ,i think1 already do4 ,dr4 ,liddon expressed a desire1 a little later1 to meet ,mr4 ,capel1 who thus describes the interview3 ,i saw ,liddon for an hour and a half on ,saturday4 ,our meeting was quite cordial3 our conversation quite courteous1 but quite unsatisfactory1 for he kept shifting his ground1 and slipped away like an eel from every point ,i raised4 ,to me his mind seems as confused as ,pusey's1 which is saying much4 ,yet to a section of people here he is more than ,pope1 a little ,god1 whose every word they accept as an oracle from heaven4 ,poor good people6 ,it is hard to understand such idolatry3 it is1 ,i think1 a peculiar product of ,oxford1 and of one school here4 ,bute is in admirable dispositions1 and during the month of ,may has been leading the life of a true ,christian4 ,the long delay has tried him much3 yet his spiritual progress since last summer has been extraordinary4 ,i am simply amazed at some of the things he has told me4 ,may our dear ,lord be eternally blessed for all ,he has done1 and is doing1 for this soul so dear to ,him4 ,sidenote3 #ahfh1 ,religious studies ,the long vacation of #ahfh was1 as has been seen1 chiefly devoted to a yachting tour in the ,north ,sea1 and a visit to ,russia1 undertaken by ,bute in the companionship of ,lord ,rosebery4 ,the autumn months after the celebration of his majority were #fi spent quietly at ,cardiff and in ,scotland1 as much time as he could spare being given to a course of reading recommended to him by ,mr4 ,capel1 partly by way of preparation for his reception into the ,church of his choice4 ,he refers to this in an interesting letter to his attached friend at ,oxford1 written soon after his coming of age4 ,october #e1 #ahfh4 ,you may imagine how busy ,i have been and am since my birthday4 ,still ,i find time every day for some serious reading1 as to which ,i have had competent advice4 ,i am going through some of the writings of ,s4 ,cyprian1 ,s4 ,ambrose1 and ,s4 ,gregory1 and doing a little liturgical study4 ,then there are the #abth cent4 lives of ,ninian and ,kentigern1 and ,adamnan's ,columba1 all of great interest to me2 and ,i have sent for ,boethius's lives of the ,bishops of ,aberdeen4 ,theiner's great work1 not long ago published in ,rome1#h ,i find most valuable1 and throwing a flood of light on the mediaeval relations between ,scotland and the ,holy ,see4 ,for devotion ,i have ,st4 ,bernard 7his ,letters73 a very simple prayer-book1 such as children use2 and the ,latin ,psalter4 ,i wish you were able to use this2#i there is a beauty and fulness of meaning in the ,latin version which ,i think no modern language can give--except1 you will say 7and as to that you have a right to speak7#aj possibly ,greek4 ,i sometimes dream of trying my hand at a new ,english version of the ,psalms2 but that is part of #gj a larger scheme which it is perhaps presumptuous of me even to think of4#aa ,it was natural that when the long-anticipated time at length came for actually taking the step prepared for with such anxious deliberation1 ,bute should turn to the only ,catholic priest with whom he was in any degree intimate4 ,more than thirty years later ,monsignor ,capel1 who had then been for some time resident in ,california1 wrote in a ,san ,francisco newspaper a short account of ,bute's conversion1 the steps that led up to it1 and his own part in receiving him into the ,church4 ,a course of reading was suggested1 ,i seeing him from time to time4 ,newman's pathetic hymn1 ,lead1 kindly ,light1 amid th' encircling gloom1 was often on his lips4 ,in course of time he was fully convinced that the true ,church is an organic body1 a ,divine institution1 the source of all spiritual power and jurisdiction1 and the channel of sacramental grace1 under the ,vicar of ,christ1 the ,bishop of ,rome4 ,finally1 after an hour of prayer before the ,blessed ,sacrament in the convent chapel at ,harley ,house1 ,london1#ab he determined to ask admission to the ,church4 ,sidenote3 #ahfh1 ,third visit to ,holy ,land ,bute's conditional baptism1 profession of faith1 and first ,communion took place quite privately on ,december #h1 #ahfh 7the ,feast of the ,immaculate ,conception71 in the chapel of the ,sisters of ,notre #ga ,dame1 ,southwark4#ac ,mr4 ,capel officiated at all these acts1 with the authorisation of the ,bishop of ,southwark 7,dr4 ,grant71 who himself assisted at them4 ,the event was not generally known until the ,new ,year1 and it was generally believed1 and has indeed often been stated since1 that the reception took place on ,christmas ,eve4 ,the young neophyte left ,england a few days after the event1 and was well out of hearing by the time the excited comments of the public and the press on his action had begun to make themselves audible4 ,cardiff ,castle1 ,cardiff1 ,december #af1 #ahfh4 ,,my ,,dear ,,mrs4 ,,scott ,,murray1 ,circumstances have induced me to come to the resolution of making the pilgrimage to the ,holy ,land a third time4 ,lady ,loudoun and myself are going together in my yacht1 which is coming round1 with her in it1 to ,nice in ,january4 ,i am going abroad on ,monday next1 and expect to arrive at ,nice on ,wednesday1 this day week4 ,i venture on your kindness to propose myself as your guest4 ,i will give no further information at present1 but to say that thanks to the grace of ,god ,i am what ,i am4 ,you are so kind1 ,i believe you will be glad to see me4 ,mr4 ,capel has been having most extraordinary success at ,oxford4 ,he leaves it to-day1 as the colleges are going down1 and will be at ,nice some time soon4 ,his health is giving way from the #gb perpetual physical and mental toil4 ,he is not going to return till ,may1 when he will recommence4 ,for the present he has received some converts1 is preparing some more1 has awakened a great many1 and1 partially at least1 sanctified the congregation1 and reclaimed the wandering4 ,the mission has received an infusion of life4 ,on ,saturday night he heard confessions till #aa4cj1 and again in the morning4 ,they had general ,communion1 and renewal of baptismal vows2 at #aj4cj ,high ,mass and sermon4 ,during the afternoon he operated privately on some rationalists3 in the evening they had a very long sermon1 and ,benediction1 with an immense congregation1 among whom were a vast number of ,protestants1 several ,dons1 and the ,president of ,trinity ,college6 ,yours ever very sincerely1 ,,bute4 ,sidenote3 #ahfh1 ,christmas at ,nice ,one of the ,scott ,murray family writes of ,bute at this time3 ,lord ,bute was with us at ,nice from ,december #bd1 #ahfh1 until ,february #c1 #ahfi4 ,he was very shy1 and refused all invitations to dances and picnics4 ,at one afternoon dance at our house we all insisted he should appear2 and then he made himself charming1 but he fled as soon as he possibly could4 ,he used to amuse us all at breakfast by reading out some of the wonderful begging-letters he received--from ,french girls asking him for a dot so as to enable them to marry1 cures asking him to rebuild their churches1 and many more wonderful requests4 ,i think most of the ,english begging-letters were seen to in ,england1 and only a few of them sent on4 ,the numbers addressed to him every day1 and by every post1 were1 ,i believe1 quite incredible4 ,it was during this visit to ,nice that he told my father that he intended leaving directions in his will #gc that his heart should be sent at his death to ,jerusalem to be buried there4 ,he was very kind-hearted4 ,when leaving ,nice at the end of his visit1 he had got into the carriage to drive with us to the yacht1 when he remembered that he had not said good-bye to my sister's ugly governess4 ,he insisted on jumping out of the carriage and rushing up to the schoolroom for this purpose4 ,he was a regular boy1 and enjoyed games with us all3 one1 ,i remember1 was pelting one another with oranges1 the little hard ones which had fallen from the trees1 he leading one side1 and ,basil 7my schoolboy brother7 the other4 ,he was always ready to join in any fun1 as long as he had not to meet strangers4 ,these details1 which are wonderfully reminiscent of the childish days at ,galloway ,house eight years before1#ad and show how like the young man of twenty-one was to the boy of thirteen1 may be supplemented by an extract or two from the diary of another member of the same family3 ,christmas ,day1 #ahfh4--,we had midnight ,mass at ,st4 ,philip's1 the little church in our garden4 ,mgr4 ,capel said it1 he1 ,lord ,bute1 and ,basil having arrived from ,england the day before4 ,we all went to ,communion together 7,lord ,bute had been received into the ,church a short time previously74 ,mgr4 ,capel said his two ,christmas ,masses1 which we heard1 early next morning2 and then we went to the cathedral4 ,in the afternoon we went to ,notre ,dame1 where ,mgr4 ,capel preached4 ,tuesday1 ,february #b4--;,after ,mass ,lord ,bute took us all over his yacht1 the ,ladybird1 which had arrived on ,saturday4 ,he gave us luncheon1 and #gd we had to go a little before #b1 as the ,prince and ,princess ,charles of ,prussia were going to see it4 ,the cabins are most comfortable1 and the saloon beautifully decorated with the arms of the ports she has put in at4 ,february #c4---,we drove with ,lord ,bute down to the port1 and the ,ladybird left at #d o'clock1 with ,lord ,bute1 ,lady ,loudoun1 ,mgr4 ,capel1 ,miss ,eden1 and ,dr4 ,bell safely on board4 ,from ,nice ,bute and his friends went straight to ,rome--his first visit there--where he spent a week1 including ,ash ,wednesday1 on which day he received the blessed ashes from the hand of ,pius ,,ix4 in the ,sistine ,chapel4 ,next morning he communicated at the private ,mass of the ,holy ,father1 who afterwards administered to him the sacrament of confirmation4 ,bute made a munificent offering of ,peter's ,pence to the ,pope1 who in turn presented him with a magnificent reliquary4 ,on ,february #bc he wrote to ,mrs4 ,scott ,murray from ,sicily3 ,r4,y4,s4 ,ladybird1 ,harbour of ,messina4 ,we arrived here safely last night1 and are to continue our voyage this afternoon4 ,as we have spent so much time already we are not going to stop at ,patmos on the way1 but make straight for ,jaffa1 going north of ,crete4 ,as ,mr4 ,murray prophesied1 ,i was very agreeably disappointed in ,rome4 ,i went to only a few of the most celebrated sanctuaries1 but ,i liked them very much4 ,the sight of the ,holy ,father had a very great effect on me1 and it is impossible for me to speak too warmly of his kindness4 ,every one was most civil1 which is a rarity for me to meet with4 ,the ,holy ,father has given all the permissions which we wanted1 and we have had ,mass #ge three times on board1 making up a very nice altar in ,mr4 ,capel's cabin4 ,the odd thing is that we have not had a row yet1 but are all quite on good terms1 a state of things which ,i suppose one need not hope to continue4 ,accept my best wishes and continued thanks for kindnesses received1 and believe me1 ,sincerely and gratefully1 yours ever1 ,,bute4 ,sidenote3 #ahfh1 ,letter from ,jerusalem ,the journey to ,palestine 7the continuation of my pilgrimage of thanksgiving1 as ,bute called it in a subsequent letter7 was safely accomplished1 and ,mgr4 ,capel wrote to ,mrs4 ,scott ,murray on ,palm ,sunday from ,jerusalem3 ,thank ,god1 all is going well4 ,we have had some physical discomforts1 indisposition1 etc41 but our pilgrimage viewed spiritually is singularly blessed4 ,i hope to lay in a store of grace for my future work4 ,certainly nothing could be more touching than our visits to the ,holy ,places4 ,bute gives great edification4 ,he communicates very frequently1 and is growing rapidly in ,catholic devotion4 ,now that ,i live with him ,i see1 of course1 some weaknesses--among others a tendency to idleness2 but he has much charm of character and personality4 ,you will probably know through the papers that he has accepted the ,grand ,cross of the ,order of the ,holy ,sepulchre4 ,our journey will be dreadfully prolonged4 ,i am afraid we shall not reach ,england until ,june3 our plans change at every moment4 ,i send for you and ,mr4 ,murray the enclosed pictures1 which have touched the ,holy ,places4 ,my affectionate regards to you all1 including the officer4#ae #gf ,another letter from ,mgr4 ,capel to ,danesfield is dated1 ,in the ,ladybird1 about the ,mediterranean1 ,may #ad1 #ahfi4 ,it indicates that ,bute had been1 as usual1 not particularly fortunate in securing congenial companionship for his journey4 ,when we are ever to reach home ,i cannot say4 ,we have already been fourteen days at sea and have not yet reached our port4 ,sicily is in sight1 and ,i trust we may very soon reach ,messina4 ,if not we shall be starved6 ,the steward solemnly tells us we have bread for only three days longer1 and that the stores are almost all consumed4 ,of our party1 ,i think ,i may say that ,lady ,loudoun1 ,miss ,eden1 and the doctor are the worse for their visit to ,jerusalem4 ,they had the misfortune to make acquaintance with people1 calling themselves religious1 whose delight seems to be to deny the authenticity of every single sacred site4 ,the result has been1 as might have been expected1 a semi-disbelief in everything4 ,i think1 on the other hand1 the pilgrimage has been very advantageous to ,bute4 ,it has helped him to gather up his thoughts and prepare for action and the work of his life4 ,he has kindly appointed me his chaplain4 ,i am not to live at either of his houses1 but to be ready when needed to go to him and to travel with him4 ,i cannot but feel that this arrangement 7which is entirely his own idea7 will allow me to do much more good than if ,i were settled in any one spot4 ,i hope it may turn to the advantage of my soul and to ,god's glory4 ,sidenote3 #ahfi1 ,early ,catholic experiences ,bute left his yacht at ,marseilles 7his companions continuing the voyage to ,england by ,gibraltar and the ,bay of ,biscay71 and repaired to ,paris1 to complete his pilgrimage by a visit of devotion and #gg thanksgiving to the famous shrine of ,our ,lady of ,victories4 ,on returning home he went to ,cardiff1 and thence he wrote1 later in the year1 some account of himself and his doings in a long and interesting letter to his faithful friend at ,oxford4 ,cardiff ,castle1 ,november #e1 #ahfi4 ,,my ,,dear ,,miss ,,skene1 ,during the past year ,i have had several kind letters from you1 which have gone unanswered4 ,before me lie the three first pages of a letter to you dated ,october #a1 but never finished4 ,i had at that time only just received your last1 as ,i had been away from home for some months1 and had skilfully concealed my addresses from every one1 lest any letters 7mine are almost invariably business or beggars7 should follow and find me out4 ,the first thing you will want to know is how ,i am getting on in the ,church4 ,i don't remember whether ,i ever wrote to you from ,nice or not2 but that1 if ,i had1 could only have been so soon after my reception as to make it almost valueless4 ,i have not been received a year1 so ,i suppose what ,i say now is not worth very much4 ,i am1 thank ,god1 very comfortable4 ,i had1 no doubt1 a first flush of fervour and enthusiasm1 but that soon passed away1 and ,i became almost immediately quite a humdrum ,catholic4 ,the practices1 as you know1 were already familiar to me2 and ,i knew also a great many1 if not all1 of the practical drawbacks1 of which florid figured music and appropriated and paid-for sittings in church are 7to me7 the most distasteful4 ,florid forms of devotion and piety have never appealed to me any more than florid music2 and in that respect ,i am 7so ,i am told7 considered like the slowest type of old ,english ,catholicism4 ,the old-fashioned ,garden of the ,soul is my book1 except when visiting some very holy shrine1 when ,i find #gh myself able to use occasionally the ,prayers of ,st4 ,gertrude1 or at least some of them4 ,i am perfectly at peace in the ,church1 and have been4 ,my taste for controversy has gone1 and for theological inquiry also1 to great extent4 ,i think that when one has once entered the ,church--well1 one has jumped over the cliff and reached the bottom1 safe and sound it is true1 but in a condition that renders restlessness impossible and controversy absolutely superfluous4 ,i left ,nice1 as you are aware1 at the beginning of ,february1 went to ,rome for a week1 to be confirmed by the ,holy ,father1 and then continued the pilgrimage of thanksgiving to ,jerusalem4 ,i performed the last ceremonies in the sanctuary of ,our ,lady of ,victories in ,paris about the beginning of ,june1 and returned to ,england4 ,i had kept as much as possible out of the way of letters and newspapers1 but had inevitably heard much that was very disagreeable--all sorts of lying stories1 for instance1 deliberately and maliciously circulated about me--and ,i arrived here in a state of very uncomfortable anticipation4 ,however1 ,i found everything very much better than ,i anticipated4 ,every one seemed glad to see me1 and ,i received much kindness from all the people about4 ,religious matters were easily arranged2 and though large mobs of people assembled to see me go to ,mass1 they were disappointed1 as ,i had got a little oratory ready in the house1 which is served every day by the ,fathers of ,charity4 ,and ,i have special permission from the ,pope for myself1 my familiars and guests to satisfy the obligation in it on every day in the year4 ,we have here between #i1jjj and #aj1jjj ,catholics1 who are of course delighted at what has happened4 ,i am going to ,rome about the #bcrd of this month1 and shall1 ,i think1 certainly stay there till about ,septuagesima2 but if ,i am tempted ,i shall stop over ,easter4 ,when ,i return ,i shall go to #gi ,bute4 ,bute will be much stiffer than this3 they got pictures of me and made them into cockshys2 and ,i have had at least one threatening letter from there4 ,besides that there are no ,catholics that ,i know of1#af and ,i cannot have a daily ,mass4 ,my old friends are all much the same1 except ,lady ,elizabeth1 who takes no more notice of me than if ,i were a dead dog4 ,i have written her letter after letter1 without even acknowledgment4 ,the company of my dear friend1 ,sneyd1 is a great pleasure to me4 ,he is my secretary4 ,he is1 however1 an awful liberal1 and is even now reading ,charles ,kingsley's ,hypatia with approval4 ,i consider it one of the most impure as well as heretical books ,i ever saw4 ,i have been reading lately1 and with the greatest pleasure1 ,canon ,jenkins's ,age of the ,martyrs1#ag which is really charming1 and a worthy product of ,oxford1 where1 however1 ,i hear that the blighting disease of ,liberalism has fairly set in4 ,you have1 ,i hear1 ,mgr4 ,capel with you1 lecturing on something or other2 but ,i know not what success or effect he has had4 ,ever most sincerely yours1 ,,bute4 ,sidenote3 #ahfi1 at ,mountstuart ,there were reasons why the feeling in the island of ,bute about the young peer's change of religion was1 as he expressed it1 much stiffer than it was in ,cardiff4 ,the sentiments of resentful surprise which the ,presbyterians felt at the lord of the island embracing a faith so alien from their own was fostered and aggravated by the disappointment with #hj which the local ,liberals learned that he was politically quite out of sympathy with the ,whig principles of his kinsman and former tutor-at-law1 the ,liberal ,m4,p4 for ,cardiff and ,lord-,lieutenant of ,buteshire4#ah ,one ,radical newspaper asserted that ,lord ,bute had purposely delayed the profession of his new faith until after the general election1 so that his influence as a ,tory might help the ,conservative candidate for the county to win the seat6 ,and the ,liberal ,buteman thought fit to devote a page1 a month after ,bute's reception into the ,church1 to reprinting a catena of the articles commenting on that event which had appeared in the principal newspapers of the country4 ,the feeling with which1 in an age more tolerant or more indifferent1 one peruses these journalistic effusions1 is one of wonder1 first at their extraordinary impertinence1 and secondly at the cool audacity with which they sit in judgment on the action of one of whose character1 personality1 and motives they one and all show themselves to be in a state of absolutely abysmal ignorance4 ,the ,times summed up a spiteful article by concluding that the defection of an average curate would have said more for the ,roman ,catholic religion1 and might be expected to lead to more lasting results2 the ,daily ,news announced that the new convert had taken up his honours1 wealth1 and influence1 and laid them in the lap of the ,church of ,rome1 adding that it was of course a pity when a man believed too much in religion2 a ,west of ,scotland journal was sure that the acquisition would1 except in a pecuniary way1 be of little advantage to those who had wheedled him out #ha of his wits and into their snares2 a ,glasgow evening paper denounced the ,jesuitism with which his perverted lordship had denied the fact of his reception in #ahfg1 and the fatal facility with which he had been received in #ahfh2 and another ,scottish journal1 after waxing eloquent over the lithe figure1 agile step1 and penetrating eye of the handsome young peer1 lamented that the poorest labourer on his vast domains had an immediate access to truth and duty1 to conscience1 and to ,god1 which since last ,christmas was denied to his unfortunate lord4 ,the ,glasgow ,herald1 after admitting that ,lord ,bute was believed to be a studious1 thoughtful youth1 with high ideas of the responsibility of his position1 dolefully goes on3 ,if1 as is most likely1 this perversion is the result of priestly influences acting upon a weak1 ductile1 and naturally superstitious mind1 we may expect a continual eclipse of all intellectual vigour4 ,one wonders if this sapient prophet ever had the grace to acknowledge the falsity of his forecast4 ,the ,scotsman was an honourable exception to the general tone of the contemporary press4 ,it announced the event not in the slightest degree in the spirit of taunt or reproach2 and the final sentence of a temperate article repudiated any desire to reproach ,lord ,bute with a change of religious opinion1 which even those who most deeply regret it must admit to be made at great sacrifices and under the influence only of conscience4 ,on this reasonable and even generous note the subject may well be left4 ,a man of sensitive and impressionable nature1 and one who was himself possessed by an almost passionate love of truth1 could not be insensible to public attacks on his #hb candour and honesty1 or to mendacious statements of alleged facts1 such as he refers to in his letter cited above4 ,but he bore them all in silence1 with the quiet dignity characteristic of him1 and trusting to time for the vindication of the rectitude of his motives and conduct4 ,how amply this trust was justified was shown by the mutual respect1 regard1 and affection which daily grew and strengthened between him and his friends1 neighbours1 and dependents1 not only in ,bute1 but on his extensive estates in other parts of the country1 during the next thirty years4 #a ,hartwell ,grissell4 ,the letter was dated from ,mountstuart1 ,november #ai1 #ahgb4 #b ,mr4 ,buckle1 in ,vol4 ,v4 of his ,life of ,disraeli1 quotes ,mr4 ,montague ,corry as writing 7,september #bb1 #ahfh73 ,fergusson says no ingenuity can counteract the influence which certain priests and prelates have over him1 chief among them being ,monsignor ,capel4 ,the speedy result is inevitable4 ,sir ,james ,fergusson1 as ,bute's guardian1 probably felt it necessary to take this view in self-vindication4 ,the fact1 however1 was1 as is abundantly shown by the letter in the text1 as well as by the authentic history of ,bute's conversion as given in preceding pages1 that the event was brought about by his own study1 thought1 and prayer1 and was in no sense due to the influence of ,capel1 or of any other priests or prelates4 #c ,alexandrina ,lady ,portarlington 7a daughter of the third ,marquess of ,londonderry7 was sister-in-law to the seventh ,duke of ,marlborough1 ,bute's host at ,blenheim4 ,lord and ,lady ,north1 who were received into the ,church about this time1 were not very distant neighbours of ,blenheim1 living at ,wroxton ,abbey1 near ,banbury4 #d ,second baronet of ,gatcombe1 ,hants4 ,he died in #ahfi1 in his eighty-third year4 #e ,a former curate of ,dr4 ,f4 ,g4 ,lee at ,aberdeen4 ,he became a canon of ,westminster and president of ,st4 ,edmund's ,college1 ,ware4 #f ,m4,a4 of ,aberdeen ,university2 afterwards the distinguished ,jesuit writer and preacher4 #g ,became a ,jesuit1 rector of ,wimbledon ,college1 and later first ,master of ,campion ,hall1 ,oxford4 #h ,this was ,aug4 ,theiner's ,vetera ,monumenta ,hibernorum atque ,scotorum1 historiam illustrantia1 #abaf-aedg1 published at ,rome in #ahfd4 #i ,more than a dozen years later ,bute wrote to his friend regretting her ignorance of the dead languages1 and recommending her to begin the study of ,hebrew6 #aj ,miss ,skene had lived with her father at ,athens continuously from her eighteenth to her twenty-fourth year1 and was well acquainted with the language and literature of modern ,greece4 #aa ,the allusion1 no doubt1 is to his projected translation of the ,roman ,breviary1 published eleven years later4 #ab ,the convent of ,marie ,reparatrice1 founded at ,harley ,house1 ,marylebone1 in #ahfb4 ,it was transferred in #ahii to ,willesden1 and a year later to its present site at ,chiswick4 #ac ,the temporary chapel1 now used as the ,sisters' community-room4 ,bishop ,grant was at this time acting as chaplain to the nuns1 and saying ,mass for them daily4 ,bute attended this ,mass for a week previous to his reception1 breakfasting afterwards with the bishop 7who was giving him a course of instruction7 in the convent parlour4 #ad ,ante1 ,chapter ,i1 p4 #aa4 #ae ,charles ,scott ,murray1 who had just got his commission in the #ast ,life ,guards4 #af ,the writer was misinformed as to this4 ,there had been a ,catholic chapel at ,rothesay since #ahci2 and a larger church 7,st4 ,andrew's7 had been opened two years before ,bute's conversion4 ,the number of ,catholics at this time was probably between two and three hundred4 #ag ,see post1 pp4 #ajb1 #ajc4 ,this book had just been published at ,oxford4 ,two volumes of selections from ,canon ,jenkins's ,,mss4 writings were issued in #ahgi1 after his death4 #ah ,colonel ,james ,frederick ,crichton ,stuart1 ,liberal for ,cardiff from #aheg to #ahhj4 #hc ,,chapter ,v ,,the ,,western ,,mail--,,rome ,,and ,,the ,,council--,,return ,,to ,,mountstuart #ahfi-ahga ,although ,bute's attraction towards a life of simplicity and retirement was1 even in his early manhood1 as it remained throughout his life1 one of his most marked characteristics1 he never allowed this to interfere with such public duties as he conceived to be rendered incumbent on him by the responsibilities of his position4 ,his first public appearance in ,cardiff1 apart from the celebrations connected with his majority1 seems to have been in his capacity as chairman of the local ,benefit and ,annuitants ,society1 when he acquitted himself to the general satisfaction4 ,in #ahfi he accepted the honorary colonelcy of the ,glamorgan ,artillery ,volunteers4 ,it seemed to be expected of me1 he wrote to a friend1 and though there was never a man of less military proclivities than myself1 ,i regard the ,volunteer movement as an excellent one1 and desire to encourage it4#a ,i look forward also1 under proper guidance1 to learning something about #hd guns1 though ,i fear ours can hardly be said to be altogether up-to-date4 ,but ,i hope to be instrumental in bringing about some improvement in that respect4 ,on ,november #aa1 #ahfi1 he appeared in uniform at the inspection of the regiment at the new drill-hall1 which he had just erected at a cost of over ,l#aj1jjj4 ,a few months previous to the date just mentioned1 ,bute had1 not without serious consideration1 embarked on an enterprise which1 while entailing heavy expenditure on himself1 was to have a considerable and permanent effect on the industrial and political life not only of the rapidly-growing town of ,cardiff1 but of the whole of ,south ,wales4 ,this was the launch of the ,western ,mail newspaper1 of which the first number was published in ,may1 #ahfi4 ,at this time the principal paper in the district was the ,liberal 7weekly7 ,cardiff ,times1 started in #aheg1 the year in which ,colonel ,james ,frederick ,crichton ,stuart was first elected ,m4,p4 for ,cardiff4 ,bute was entirely out of sympathy with the political views of his kinsman1 and had openly declared himself on coming of age an adherent of the ,conservative party4 ,he wrote to a friend at ,oxford after the formation of ,mr4 ,gladstone's first ,ministry3 ,i suppose ,i may call myself--you would certainly call me--an old-fashioned ,tory4 ,the inclusion of ,bright in the ,cabinet shows that the new ,government is ,radical1 naked and unashamed4 ,and whatever else ,i am1 anyhow ,i am not a ,radical4 ,sidenote3 #ahfi1 ,launching a newspaper ,deeply and intelligently interested as he was in the future development of ,cardiff1 which he was to do so much to promote1 ,bute's conviction was that a really healthy public opinion in the district #he could not be created or maintained if only one school of politicians was to have the chance of making its voice heard4 ,this was the main reason which determined him1 with full foreknowledge of the heavy financial burden it would entail on him1 of starting and supporting a ,conservative daily paper in the heart of ,liberal ,wales4 ,the local ,liberals were1 of course1 disappointed and indignant2 and the ,leap of the wolf into the fold1 as they described the new journalistic venture1 was very bitterly commented on both in the ,cardiff ,times and in its successor1 the ,south ,wales ,daily ,news4 ,the underhand influence of the ,castle1 the ,castle propaganda1 the pouring out of gold from the ,castle coffers1 were the constant theme of discussion in the opposition press1 whose acrimony was not diminished by the steadily growing power and influence of the ,conservative organ4 ,yet although ,bute was for some years the actual owner of the ,western ,mail1 not the slightest trace of his personal influence is to be found in its columns during those early years1 nor the least suggestion that he made use of the paper to serve any private ends of his own4 ,not a single line that has ever appeared in the ,western ,mail has been written or inspired by the ,marquis of ,bute1 wrote the ,editor when his paper had reached a position of security and success2 and the statement was literally and exactly true4 ,the ,western ,mail won the confidence of the people by strongly upholding their rights at such times of crisis as the serious upheaval in the coal and iron industries in #ahgc2 and one of its most appreciated tributes was that received from a leading ,nonconformist minister3 ,though you are ,conservative in name you are ,liberal in practice4 ,after eight #hf years' connection with the paper ,bute relinquished all financial interest in it in #ahgg4 ,he considered himself that this journalistic enterprise had cost him from first to last not less than ,l#ej1jjj4 ,i have never grudged it1 he once simply said when questioned on the subject4 ,with these new interests at home1 ,bute did not lose sight of his intention 7expressed in a letter quoted in the last chapter7 of spending the winter of #ahfi and the succeeding spring in ,rome1 and he arrived there in the last days of ,november1 taking up his residence at the ,palazzo ,savielli in the ,piazza ,,ss4 ,apostoli4 ,he wrote shortly before ,christmas3 ,it is of particular interest to me to find myself living within a stone's-throw of the building which sheltered for so many years my unfortunate kinsmen 7if ,i may be allowed so to call them7 the exiled ,stuarts4#b ,their cenotaph by ,canova in ,st4 ,peter's 7paid for by their ,hanoverian supplanter on the throne67 strikes me always as one of the most pathetic and beautiful monuments of modern ,rome4 ,sidenote3 #ahfi1 ,papal infallibility ,bute was of course drawn to ,rome1 like so many others at this time1 by the event on which the eyes of all ,christendom were turned with curious if widely varying interest--namely1 the opening of the ,vatican ,council by ,pius ,,ix4 ,bute was present at the solemn inauguration on ,december #h1 when more than #gjj mitred prelates walked in procession to ,st4 ,peter's1 preceded by the splendid silver #hg processional cross1 set with precious stones1 which he had presented to the ,pontiff a few days previously4 ,a day or two after the imposing ceremony he records a curious little incident in a letter to a friend3 ,i heard that the titular ,abbot of ,westminster1 the head of the ,benedictine ,order in ,england1 called to report his arrival on some high dignitary1 dressed not in his habit but in the get-up of an elderly ,english clergyman4 ,he was told that if he wanted to process with the abbots he must attire himself accordingly1 and was asked if he possessed the insignia of his office4 ,certainly1 he replied4 ,i have the ring of the ,abbots of ,westminster1 pulling out of his waistcoat pocket the identical ring worn by ,feckenham1 the last abbot in the reign of ,queen ,mary6 ,the lamentable sequel to the story is that as he was mounting the steps into ,st4 ,peter's on the opening day of the ,council1 the precious ring1 which he had not taken the trouble to get fitted to his finger1 fell off1 rolled down the steps1 and was never heard of again4 ,if this is true it seems very deplorable4 ,during his sojourn in ,rome ,bute had opportunities1 which he was not likely to neglect1 of meeting many interesting people1 and hearing much at first hand1 and from both sides1 of the weighty matters under discussion at the ,council4 ,the prelate of whom he saw most1 and to whom he was very sincerely attached1 was ,mgr4 ,clifford1 ,bishop of ,clifton1 who with the ,archbishops of ,paris1 ,vienna1 and ,st4 ,louis1 and ,bishop ,dupanloup of ,orleans1 were prominent among the opponents of the definition of ,papal ,infallibility4 ,with the leaders of the opposite party also he had from time to time considerable intercourse1 and in a letter addressed to #hh him nearly thirty years later by the venerable ,cardinal ,gibbons1 now 7#aibj7 the sole survivor of the ,fathers of the ,council1 his ,eminence reminded ,bute of a long drive he had taken with himself and ,archbishop ,spalding of ,baltimore1 a very strong pro-definitionist1 and of their interesting talk on that occasion about the great subject of the day4 ,bute's own habit of mind1 and the influence exercised on his judgment by ,bishop ,clifford1 undoubtedly predisposed him to sympathise with those opposed to the definition2 and he shared the apprehensions of many of his friends among that party--apprehensions not justified in the event--that the step if carried through might result in a serious defection from the ,church4 ,a subsequent letter from him1 however1 will show what with instant and edifying submission of heart and mind he accepted the decree when once it had been promulgated by the supreme authority which he never for a moment questioned4 ,sidenote3 #ahgj1 ,society in ,rome ,bute was not so preoccupied with these grave matters but that he found time for a certain amount of social intercourse with the distinguished and cosmopolitan society gathered that winter in the ,eternal ,city4 ,he made friends with the ,papal ,zouaves1 and often accepted the hospitality of the officers of that pleasant international corps1 with one of whom1 ,captain the ,hon4 ,walter ,maxwell1 he became very intimate4 ,he liked to watch the ,zouaves at rifle-practice in the ,borghese ,gardens1 visited the officers on guard at the ,colosseum and elsewhere1 and entertained them once at a famous supper of which the recollection long survived in the corps4 ,about ,christmas time he was present at a great reception given at the ,palazzo ,bonimi by ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,delabarre ,bodenham1 and records a #hi twenty minutes' conversation with ,archbishop ,manning1 in a quite empty little room opening out of the reception hall4 ,soon after ,new ,year he attended a dinner given in a cafe in the ,corso by the ,british ,committee of the ,sovereign ,order of the ,knights of ,malta1 and made a speech reported by one of those present to be the best speech of the evening and very well received4 ,his name is also recorded as having been present at many notable religious functions--among others the imposing funeral service1 in the church of the ,holy ,apostles1 of the ,grand ,duke ,leopold of ,tuscany1 at which the ,pope assisted and gave the final absolution4 ,bute saw much1 during these weeks in ,rome1 of the savants and scholars--by no means all sympathisers with the ,papal regime--then resident in the city1 and his modesty of demeanour1 earnestness1 and intelligence made a very favourable impression on the varied society with which he was brought into contact4 ,in those days he liked to be amused as well as interested2 and there was plenty of amusement to be found at that time in the kaleidoscopic throngs of visitors which the unique and unrivalled charms of ,rome attracted within her gates4 ,one of his most agreeable acquaintances--quite outside ecclesiastical and antiquarian circles--was ,olivia ,lady ,sebright1 the clever and charming sister of an ,irish peer who had been his contemporary at ,oxford4 ,her lively persiflage was doubtless a pleasant and piquant contrast to the discourses of ,bute's learned acquaintances2 and it was often jestingly remarked in ,anglo-,roman society that ,lady ,sebright seemed to do all the talking and ,lord ,bute all the listening4 ,he alludes to her in one of his letters as a very vivacious lady1 who would #ij have her joke even in the ,catacombs4 ,lady ,sebright was included in the party which ,bute invited to join him in the yachting cruise in the ,mediterranean which he made after leaving ,italy in the summer of #ahgj4 ,bute did not remain in ,rome for the final ,congregation of the ,council on ,july #ah1 #ahgj1 when #ecc bishops voted in favour of the schema ,de ,ecclesia1 with the added clauses on ,papal ,infallibility4 ,two only voted ,non placet1 the ,bishops of ,ajaccio and of ,little ,rock1 ,u4,s4,a4#c ,the decree was immediately confirmed by the ,pope in the midst of a terrific thunderstorm2 and on the same day ,napoleon ,,iii4 declared war against ,prussia4 ,in a letter to ,h4 ,d4 ,grissell1 dated five days before the occupation of ,rome by the troops of ,victor ,emmanuel1 ,bute tells how he first heard of the momentous event3 ,cardiff ,castle1 ,september #ae1 #ahgj4 ,how can ,i tell in what a state this may find you at ,rome8 the ,pope perhaps gone to ,malta1 and the whole place in revolution1 tempered only by the presence of ,italian troops4 ,my first act on returning to ,england was to go to ,clifton to see ,bishop ,clifford4 ,he was away1 but two of his chaplains received me and told me #ia of the definition1 of which ,i have now received from you the awful description4 ,my mind bowed itself at once before the definition1 and ,i believed the doctrine ex animo4 ,i have since found that many most pious ,catholics1 most heartily willing to believe anything on the ,church's authority1 do not see that that authority exists in this case4 ,they argue in this way3 ,i4 ,it is admitted that an ,o,ecumenical ,council approved by the ,pope can bind the soul4 ,,ii4 ,to be ,o,ecumenical it is necessary for the ,council to be closed1 the decrees signed by a majority of the ,fathers1 then published and received in the whole world4 ,,iii4 ,this is not at present the case with the ,vatican ,council4#d--;,ergo4 ,whether there is anything in all this ,i am not personally concerned to enquire4 ,there seems to me no doubt that external disobedience and denial of the doctrine are1 as things now are1 sinful2 though some may1 and doubtless do1 hold a hope that ,god will some day teach us by ,his ,church that this definition of the ,vatican ,council is not1 after all1 part of the revealed truth4 ,such thoughts sometimes make me unhappy1 and ,i endeavour 7which is what our confessors advise7 to drown them by practical ,catholic work and such attempts at piety as ,i am capable of4 ,i repeat--from the moment of the definition ,i had not one doubt of the truth of the doctrine in the bottom of my soul4 ,the conviction that the doctrine is truly part of ,god's ,eternal ,truth--even though it may not yet be officially made known to us as part of that faith of which ,st4 ,paul speaks when he says1 ,being justified by faith1 we have peace with ,god through our ,lord ,,jesus ,christ--still remains in me2 and it seems to me that ,i could never cease to hold it until1 or unless1 the ,church laid down the contrary4 #ib ,let us leave the matter here3 ,i shall write no more of it4 ,our voyage home was very happy and successful4 ,we travelled across ,corsica by carriage1 after a week in a quiet ,sardinian bay1 in sight of ,garibaldi's home at ,caprera4 ,we were nearly three weeks between ,nice and ,cannes1 where ,lady ,sebright left us2 then about a fortnight at the ,balearic ,isles--,palma is charming4 ,we touched at some ,spanish ports1 passed ten days at ,gibraltar1 and ran up from ,cadiz for a week at ,seville2 then eight days at ,lisbon and ,cintra4 ,never in ,england or out of it have ,i seen cathedrals worked so splendidly as the few ,spanish ,i saw4 ,i could not have conceived the grandeur of the fabric1 establishment1 and functions of ,seville--infinitely better than ,st4 ,peter's4 ,not having witnessed any great solemnity1 ,i fail to imagine what they must be like4 ,some of the ,peninsular practices are very interesting1 such as the use of the double ambon1 and the ,portuguese practice of administering a glass chalice with wine to communicants4#e ,george ,lane ,fox was married to ,miss ,slade by the ,archbishop ,manning on ,saturday4 ,i gave her for a marriage present that rosary of emeralds you used to admire so much2 and she at once wrote to ask my consent to its being altered into a necklace6 which ,i refused to give4 ,g---- 7from ,parker's7 is down here working at my books2 he wears a cassock1 with red worsted slippers embroidered with coloured glass beads4 ,h told me 7#a7 that ,llandaff ,cathedral was only a whited sepulchre1 and 7#b7 that he doubted if ,liddon #ic would ever succeed in introducing ,christianity into ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral4#f ,thank ,god1 it is only within the ,church 7and that1 one trusts and hopes1 but for a season7 that consciences have been disturbed by the troubles of the ,definition4 ,these have had no apparent effect on the accession of converts4 ,lord ,robert ,montagu has just been received1 and ,i hear of others4 ,i had lately a long discussion with a clever1 well-read1 and agreeable ,protestant1 and he told me it appeared to him quite immaterial1 once granted the infallibility of the ,church--the only real question--in what precise place or person it resided4 ,sidenote3 #ahgj1 ,foundations at ,cardiff ,i have set up a great screen and rood in the ,fathers of ,charity's church here1 and got it opened daily from #b to #h p4m41 which enables me sometimes to pay a visit to the ,santissimo4 ,the change seems appreciated1 and many persons come to pray4 ,i hope ,our ,lord will sanctify them out of ,his holy ,tabernacle4 ,i am about starting a convent of ,sisters of the ,good ,shepherd about a mile from this town1 in a beautiful spot4 ,their church will contain a tribune for the public1 and they will sing ,high ,mass1 ,vespers1 and ,benediction on ,sundays and holidays of obligation4 ,burges is to do the chapel1 wherein ,i propose to erect a large gothic baldequin4 ,the building is now an old barn4 ,the whole will1 ,i think1 though simple1 be very nice1 and a great consolation to me4 ,i expect to be here till the end of this month1 and after that ,i have a few visits to pay2 but ,i hope to be in ,bute by ,november #a1 and intend to stay there all the winter4 ,the place is very charming1 #id and is my real home4 ,i have not been there since ,i became ,catholic1 and the people are all1 ,i fear1 very strongly prejudiced2 so ,i am afraid ,i shall have rather a rough time of it--at least at first4 ,will you not leave ,rome and all its troubles1 and pay a good long visit to ,sneyd and me in a country where the ,church is in a missionary character8 ,if so1 come and pass ,christmas at least with me in ,bute4 ,we shall be delighted to see you1 and you will be away from all sorts of disagreeable things1 for a time at least4 ,always yours most sincerely1 ,,bute4 ,before leaving ,cardiff for his home in ,scotland1 which he had not visited for two years1 ,bute attended the annual congress of the ,iron and ,steel ,institute at ,merthyr1 was present at the banquet given to the congress by the ,south ,wales ironmasters1 and accompanied several of the excursions to the great works in the district in which he was interested4 ,the letter which he wrote on the day of his arrival in ,bute to his old friend at ,oxford showed what his feeling was about the usurpation of the ,states of the ,church by the ,sardinian monarch4 ,mountstuart1 ,rothesay1 ,october #bf1 #ahgj4 ,,my ,,dear ,,miss ,,skene1 ,i ought to have written to you long ago1 and really do not know what to say--except mea culpa4 ,there will be much to tell you when we next meet4 ,i am quite firm1 thank ,,god1 in the ,church4 ,i have outgrown any convert enthusiasm ,i may ever have possessed2 but ,i have long ceased to think of anything else even as a possibility1 or to #ie feel anything novel in ,catholic practices4 ,i am quite quiet1 and ,i think1 thank ,,god1 so far doing pretty well4 ,you ask me about ,rome4 ,as to politics1 my feeling in favour of the ,temporal ,power is very strong4 ,of course it had its faults1 the extreme leniency of the criminal tribunals being probably the worst2 but1 putting the question of right aside1 a ,christian could institute no comparison between the ,italian and the ,pontifical ,governments4 ,religiously1 ,rome is neither so good nor so bad as the extreme people would make it out4 ,it was very edifying1 and there was a great deal of piety--more conspicuous1 perhaps1 among the foreigners than the ,romans1 but of course that was to be expected1 as the former came on purpose4 ,the sanctuaries of ,rome are very precious1 especially the ,holy ,reliques and the graves of the ,martyrs1 and ,i love them very much4 ,at the same time ,i think that this dreadful ,revolution may be possibly a scourge in the hand of ,,god to bring about ,his ,will1 though every ,catholic must be appalled at the wickedness of the new ,pontius ,pilate and his accomplices4 ,perhaps the fiery trial may destroy some abuses1 stop some things one does not like to see1 and bring about others more profitable to ,rome herself and to us4 ,as to the ,greeks in ,america1 it is impossible for me1 ,i am sorry to say1 to have anything to do with supplying them with my own or any other ,liturgical books for use in their 7as we believe7 schismatic worship4 ,always most sincerely yours1 ,,bute4 ,sidenote3 #ahgj1 ,the ,roman situation ,it is evident from one or two of his letters already quoted1 that ,bute1 who was well aware of the strong feeling aroused among the people of his titular island by his conversion to the ,roman ,church1 #if had felt some natural apprehension as to their possible attitude towards him when he returned after a somewhat prolonged absence to live amongst them4 ,i have been getting along very comfortably here1 he wrote soon after his arrival at ,mountstuart1 but have so far no opportunity of knowing what the people think of me behind my back4 ,a letter addressed a little later to the same correspondent in ,oxford is interesting in this connection4 ,mountstuart1 ,november #aj4 ,i am getting on very well here up to this1 and doing my best to popularise myself by going about among the people4 ,yesterday1 for example1 ,i attended both a funeral and a marriage4 ,i believe this was much appreciated1 and at the marriage ,i was very warmly received1 was begged to do them the honour of signing the lines1 etc41 etc4 ,the oddest part of the matter was that at the funeral the ,rothesay tag-rag outside cheered me as ,i left the churchyard4 ,i thought the prayers at both ceremonies 7of course extemporary7 were intended to do me a little good3 there was nothing in them with which ,i could not heartily concur1 but a good deal of stress was laid on the ,one ,oblation offered once for all--the full and free ,redemption which is by faith in ,christ's death1 etc41 which are1 ,i find1 commonly supposed to be ideas irreconcileable with the teaching of the ,holy ,roman ,church--why1 ,i can't conceive1 unless it is for want of reading ,st4 ,alphonsus ,liguori4 ,here at ,rothesay we have a chapel and schools1 a superannuated bishop1 ,dr4 ,gray1 and a young ,scottish priest educated in ,france1 ,mr4 ,george ,smith1 a man of piety and learning4#g ,the whole #ig island contains about #ejj ,catholics1 either ,highlanders or ,irish4 ,i have had one of the rooms here made into a chapel1 than which no meeting-house can be barer4 ,mass is said here on ,sundays and holidays1 preceded by a very simple ,english service4 ,last ,sunday ,i was at ,largs1 on the mainland opposite1 and heard an early ,mass in a very poor cottage--said in the kitchen on a small chest of drawers4 ,the house was crowded by the congregation1 standing on the stairs1 in the passages1 and all the rooms4 ,they are wonderfully devout4 ,out of the ,east ,i never saw such a sight4 ,yours ever most sincerely1 ,,bute4 ,sidenote3 #ahgj1 ,life at ,mountstuart ,bute spent nearly the whole winter and spring of #ahgj-ahga at his beautiful ,scottish home1 to which he was deeply attached4 ,as he came to know his neighbours better--and he took much pains to cultivate friendly relations with them all--the stiffness1 which was1 perhaps1 as much the result of his own shyness and reserve as of their lack of sympathy with his religious opinions1 to a great extent wore off1 and his simplicity1 courtesy1 good sense1 and kindness of heart won for him little by little the high place in their regard which he ever afterwards maintained4 ,he was from the first on the friendliest terms with the ,presbyterian clergy of the island as well as with his own pastor1 and had also established very cordial relations with ,mr4 7afterwards ,sir7 ,charles ,dalrymple1 then and for the following fifteen years member for the county1 and resident in the island4 ,this cordial acquaintanceship ripened1 after the marriages of ,bute and of ,dalrymple1 into a warm #ih friendship between the two families which terminated only with death4#h ,liturgical matters engrossed at this time1 as always1 a good deal of ,bute's attention1 and are dealt with in many of his letters4 ,thus1 in ,march1 #ahga1 he writes very seriously about the truly scandalous proceedings at the ,london pro-cathedral1 news of which had reached him in ,scotland1 and which the context shows to have consisted in the wearing of dalmatics instead of folded chasubles at some ,lenten function in the church in question4 ,as will be seen from a later letter1 he arranged for the ceremonial of ,holy ,week and ,easter to be carried out as far as possible in his tiny chapel at ,mountstuart2 and we find him giving minute instructions to his friend ,grissell1 who was to spend that season as his guest in ,bute1 as to bringing the requisites for the celebrations1 including #ah yellow candles1 rather slim and #ah inches long1 a paschal candle #c feet long and #a-a_/b inches thick1 a book on ceremonies1 five grains of incense1 and a wooden clapper for ,maundy ,thursday4 ,we had the rites of the ,holy ,week1 he wrote subsequently to ,miss ,skene1 performed in my little chapel1 for the first time in ,bute since the change of religion three centuries ago4 ,they seldom1 if ever1 take place in ,scotland1 and our priest here had never 7so he told me7 officiated in his life before on ,good ,friday6 ,you may be surprised to hear that1 having no choir to execute the liturgical chant1 we adopt as far as #ii we can the methodist style of singing emotional hymns during the services4 ,sidenote3 #ahga1 ,bute as philologist ,after ,easter ,bute stayed for a while in ,london1 and then returned to ,cardiff1 where he remained in residence for the greater part of the year4 ,he took regular lessons in ,welsh at this time from one of the ,cardiff clergy1 and quickly mastered the language scientifically1 though he never learned to speak it fluently4 ,the science of philology 7the late ,dean ,howell wrote7 seemed to cost ,lord ,bute no effort1 for he was a born philologist1 and appeared to penetrate and solve linguistic difficulties as it were by instinct4 ,another thing that used to astonish me was his familiarity with1 and wide knowledge of1 the ,authorised ,version of the ,bible2 for at that time 7#ahga7 he could not have been more than #bc or #bd years of age4 ,his retentive memory 7which ,i have never seen equalled7 enabled him to quote exactly lengthy passages2 and if ,i chanced to quote a ,welsh word from ,scripture for illustrative purposes1 he would give the ,english rendering of the whole passage from memory with ease and perfect accuracy4 ,his tastes and accomplishments were essentially mediaeval2 and history1 art1 and archaeology had for him an inexhaustible charm4 ,bute had a little before this shown his practical interest in art by not only presiding at a ,fine ,art ,exhibition in the drill-hall which he had erected1 but by exhibiting there valuable plate and pictures1 including a painting executed by himself4 ,a little later he was in the chair at the annual meeting held at ,cardiff of the ,palestine ,exploration ,fund1 recounting in very interesting fashion his own travels in that country4 ,and in ,july1 #ahga1 he took an #ajj active part in the congress of the ,british ,archaeological ,institute held at the ,town ,hall1 entertaining the members at a reception at the ,castle and a banquet at ,caerphilly4 ,he also spoke at the congress1 taking many of the distinguished visitors by surprise with the extent of his knowledge and information on the subjects special to the ,institute4 ,sidenote3 #ahga1 ,belmont and ,llanthony ,soon after the meeting of the ,archaeological ,congress1 ,bute left ,england for ,ober ,ammergau to witness the ,passion ,play1 which had been postponed for a year owing to the outbreak of the ,franco-,prussian ,war4 ,he then joined his yacht at ,st4 ,malo1 and after a cruise off ,devon1 ,cornwall1 and the ,channel ,islands returned to ,cardiff for the autumn4 ,during this time he paid several visits to the ,benedictine ,priory at ,belmont1 near ,hereford1 where his liturgical tastes found satisfaction in the solemn rendering of the ,divine service by the monastic community4 ,one of the fathers then resident there#i has some interesting recollections of these periodical visits3 ,lord ,bute came to ,belmont three or four times1 ,i think1 in the year before his marriage4 ,he left on us the impression of a modest1 unassuming1 and extremely intelligent young man with serious tastes1 who seemed quite at home in the simple surroundings of a monastery4 ,he frequented the ,divine ,office regularly1 and followed all the ,church functions with interest4 ,he joined the ,fathers at coffee after meals1 and conversed very pleasantly1 telling us sometimes of his ,cardiff interests or of his early experiences and travels4 ,he was a good deal with #aja ,prior ,vaughan1#aj of course2 but as ,i was acting guestmaster and about his own age1 ,i walked out with him several times1 and we talked of many subjects1 chiefly1 perhaps1 archaeological or theological topics4 ,i remember his telling me of a conversation with a ,protestant clergyman who came to interview him1 possibly with hope of influencing an unformed mind4 ,lord ,bute proposed for discussion the precise theological value of the verse on the ,precious ,blood#aa-- ,cujus una stilla salvum facere ,totum mundum quit ab omni scelere2 and ,i gathered that they soon came to an end of the poor parson's divinity1 and of his efforts to snatch a brand from the burning4 ,the prior took ,lord ,bute to ,llanthony1 where they saw ,father ,ignatius1 who told them that he reserved the ,holy ,eucharist under three rites--,anglican1 ,greek1 and ,roman4 ,he also said 7which struck ,lord ,bute as very whimsical7 that he insisted on his visitors keeping strict silence when walking over a field in which his cloisters were one day to be built4#ab #a ,as a little boy of twelve ,bute had been enrolled as an honorary member of the #ast ,bute ,rifle ,volunteers1 and had occasionally appeared in the dark-grey uniform with blue facings4 ,when the ,cardiff ,yeomanry went on service in the ,south ,african ,war1 ,bute showed his patriotism by subscribing ,l#ejj to the funds of the corps4 #b ,the kinship was undoubted1 if somewhat remote4 ,bute was fifteenth in direct male descent from ,king ,robert ,,ii4 of ,scotland1 the lineal ancestor of ,james ,,viii4 7the ,chevalier de ,st4 ,george71 to whom the ,pope made over the ,palazzo ,santi ,apostoli as a residence in #agbj1 the year of the birth of ,prince ,charles ,edward4 #c ,the caustic comment in ,vatican circles was1 of course1 that it was a case of the ,little ,rock in conflict with the ,rock of ,peter2 but it should be added that the two dissentient prelates1 immediately after voting against the decree1 left their places and prostrated themselves before the ,papal ,chair in token of their submission4 ,similarly every one of the eighty-eight bishops who had voted ,non placet in the ,congregation of ,july #ac--not1 of course1 against the dogma1 but against the opportuneness of its definition--accepted the decree without qualification as soon as it was officially promulgated4 #d ,on ,october #bj1 #ahgj1 a month after the forcible occupation of ,rome by the ,piedmontese troops1 ,pius ,,ix4 issued a brief proroguing the ,council4 ,it has never been either closed or reassembled4 #e ,fr4 ,herbert ,thurston1 ,s4,j41 in a learned article in ,the ,month 7,october1 #aiaa71 has shown that the custom of offering a purification of unconsecrated wine and water to lay communicants1 after their reception of the ,host1 was practically universal in ,england down to the period of the ,reformation1 and was continued until the reign of ,james ,,ii4 ,the practice is still generally observed at ,ordination ,masses1 and on one or two other rare and special occasions4 #f ,the learned and eloquent ,professor of ,exegesis had been appointed a canon of ,st4 ,paul's by ,mr4 ,gladstone in the spring of this year1 and had preached his first sermon under the dome as canon-in-residence on ,september #aa1 four days before the above letter was written4 #g ,father ,george ,smith1 who had studied at ,st4 ,sulpice1 and was an excellent scholar and theologian1 became ,bishop of ,argyll and the ,isles in #ahic1 occupying the see for a quarter of a century until his death in #aiah4 #h ,long after the termination of his political connection with ,bute1 ,sir ,charles ,dalrymple used to recall with pleasure the remark once made to him on ,rothesay ,pier by a ,buteshire farmer of the old school3 ,weel1 sir1 we've got three things to be thankful for in the ,isle of ,bute1 and forbye they all begin with an ,m3 we've a gude mairquis1 and a gude member1 and a gude meenister4 #i ,right ,rev4 ,j4 ,i4 ,cummins1 ,o4,s4,b41 now 7#aibj7 titular ,abbot of ,st4 ,mary's1 ,york4 #aj ,this was ,dom ,roger ,bede ,vaughan1 younger brother of ,cardinal ,herbert ,vaughan of ,westminster4 ,he was cathedral prior of ,belmont from #ahfb to #ahgb1 and in #ahgg became ,archbishop of ,sydney1 ,n4,s4,w4 ,he died in #ahhc4 #aa ,from the ,eucharistic hymn ,adoro ,te devoie1 written by ,st4 ,thomas of ,aquin about ,a4,d4 #abfj1 and known as the ,rhythmus ,s4 ,thomae ,aquinatis4 ,sixteen ,english versions of it have been published at various times4 #ab ,the ,rev4 ,j4 ,leycester ,lyne--commonly known as ,father ,ignatius--was at this time endeavouring1 with no great success1 to establish an ,anglican ,benedictine monastery among the ,black ,mountains of ,wales4 ,about a year previous to ,bute's visit he had laid the foundation of the conventual buildings4 #ajb ,,chapter ,,vi ,,marriage--,,home ,,and ,,family ,,life--,,visit ,,to ,,majorca #ahga-ahgd ,included in ,bute's great inheritance were a considerable number of advowsons1 carrying the right of presentation to livings in the ,established ,church4 ,nearly a dozen of these benefices were in ,glamorgan1 two 7,st4 ,mary's and ,roath7 being within the town of ,cardiff4 ,bute was1 of course1 from the time of his conversion to the ,roman ,church1 legally disabled from the exercise of his right of patronage in regard to these livings2 but instead of allowing them to lapse 7as the technical phrase is#a7 he from time to time made over the next presentations to two quasi-trustees1 friends of his own1 and members1 of course1 of the ,church of ,england4 ,one of these trustees was for a time ,canon ,john ,david ,jenkins1 a ,fellow of ,jesus ,college1 ,oxford1 with whom ,bute had become intimate during his university career4 ,dr4 ,jenkins became vicar of ,aberdare1 one of the ,bute livings1 in #ahgj1 and we find ,bute writing to an ,oxford friend about a year later3 #ajc ,canon ,jenkins has just appointed the ,revs4 ,puller#b and ,stuart to two out of the three parishes here2 and ,puller1 at any rate1 will be inducted in ,ember week4 ,sidenote3 #ahga1 ,church ,patronage in ,wales ,the practice adopted by ,bute with regard to the livings in his gift--a practice probably unique among ,roman ,catholic patrons1 and one which1 in the case of a man less conscientious and honourable than himself1 might have been open to obvious objections--was not continued by his successor after his death2 nor1 indeed1 could it have been1 after the assignment of next presentations ceased to be legally permissible4 ,the ten family livings in the county of ,glamorgan fell accordingly1 as provided by the statute1 to the gift of the ,university of ,cambridge4#c ,the advowsons of other livings1 in ,monmouthshire and ,northumberland1 were sold in ,bute's lifetime or by his successor4 ,the friendship between ,canon ,jenkins and ,bute was maintained until the death of the former in #ahgfd2 and he was one among the little group of learned men--scholars1 antiquarians1 and ecclesiastics--much senior in age to the young ,scottish peer1 whom he gathered round him at this time1 and often invited to share the solitude of his ,welsh #ajd castle or his island home in ,scotland4 ,that it was something of a solitude1 and that he felt it to be so there are many indications in his letters at this period4 ,his only intimate friend of his own age was his old schoolfellow ,george ,sneyd1 with whose views on many subjects1 sincere as was his affection for him1 he was 7as has been seen7 in some respects entirely out of sympathy4 ,what he was longing for and looking forward to1 as he found himself approaching his twenty-fourth birthday1 was domestic happiness and the home life of which he had known so little since his early boyhood2 and this1 as was natural1 he hoped to secure by an early and happy marriage4 ,in the summer of #ahga his name was connected by the rumour1 or gossip1 of the day with that of the charming ward of a well-known ,catholic peeress1 whose hospitality had often been extended to him on the occasions of his visits to ,london4 ,bute took the opportunity1 when writing to an old friend on whose sympathy he could rely1 to deny categorically the truth of the rumour in question1 and at the same time to give expression with his usual frankness to the feelings of dissatisfaction and discontent with which he was entering on his twenty-fifth year4 ,cardiff ,castle1 ,july #bi1 #ahga4 ,,my ,,dear ,,miss ,,skene1 ,as there is1 ,i fear1 little chance of my being in ,oxford just now1 ,i will not delay longer in replying to your kind letter4 ,i had not seen the reports to which you refer1 although ,i knew that they had been circulated by the scandalmongers of the press4 ,i may tell you at #aje once--,i had meant to do so before--that there is no truth in them whatever4 ,there is no engagement between ,miss ---- and myself1 and nothing is less likely than that there ever should be4 ,i will tell you all about it some day when ,i see you1 or in a future letter3 ,i cannot write more about it at present1 except to say that here ,i am thrown out on the world again1 feeling very lonely and desolate4 ,my future1 indeed1 looks pretty blank just now1 as you may imagine easily enough4 ,there is nothing for it but to go on one's way1 trying to do one's duty--and literature4 ,i have also a considerable taste for art and archaeology1 and happily the means to indulge them4 ,when ,i return from ,ober ,ammergau1 whither ,i go next month1 to see the ,passion ,play1 ,i shall do a little yachting in home waters1 and then return here for the autumn and winter4 ,there is plenty to do here1 of course2 and building1 archaeology1 and writing will perhaps help me to forget my troubles4 ,after ,christmas this place will be unbearable1 and ,i think ,i shall go to ,bute4 ,yours ever very sincerely1 ,,bute4 ,sidenote3 #ahgb1 ,engagement and ,marriage ,whatever may have been the disappointment or mortification occasioned to ,bute by the episode in his life referred to in the above letter1 they were amply compensated for1 and indeed wholly forgotten1 in the happiness of the event which he was able to announce to his friends at the close of this year4 ,this was his engagement to the ,hon4 ,gwendoline ,fitz,alan ,howard1 eldest daughter of the first ,lord ,howard of ,glossop by his first wife4 ,the marriage took place at the ,oratory ,church on ,april #af1 #ahgb1 ,archbishop ,manning officiating1 assisted by five ,oratorian fathers4 ,bute's cousin1 ,lord ,mauchline 7afterwards ,earl of ,loudoun71 #ajf wearing ,highland dress1 was the best man1 the principal bridesmaid being the ,hon4 ,alice ,howard of ,glossop1 who married ,lord ,loudoun in #ahhj4 ,mgr4 ,capel said the ,nuptial ,mass and preached the sermon2 and the register was signed by the ,duke of ,cambridge1 the ,dukes of ,northumberland and ,argyll1 and ,mr4 ,disraeli4 ,the wedding aroused an extraordinary amount of popular interest and even excitement2 and the ,spectator commented with satiric surprise on the fact that the ,london newspapers devoted entire pages to describing the ceremony1 which actually occupied--but that perhaps was less astonishing--thirty columns of the ,cardiff ,western ,mail4 ,how distasteful this public excitement was to the chief actors in the ceremony may be gathered from a letter written by ,bute to a friend in ,rome a fortnight later3 ,cardiff ,castle1 ,april #bi1 #ahgb4 ,the whole thing went off very well2 the religious part of it1 which most concerned us1 was very well done1 and1 ,i hear1 pleased and impressed the many ,protestants who were present4 ,i suppose you will have seen descriptions and pictures of it4 ,you will understand that to the principals the whole thing--,i mean the secular part of it--was absolutely detestable4 ,as ,lord ,beauchamp says3 ,there is only one thing more disagreeable than being married in ,london1 and that is being married in the country4 ,of course we have been extremely quiet ever since1 and expect to be so4 ,my ,lady is the last person in the world to rout one out and want to make a flare-up and a splash4 ,the ,pope sent presents to us both1#e and ,i wrote to ,mgr4 ,howard to express our gratitude1 enclosing #ajg a letter of thanks in very indifferent ,latin1 which ,i composed and we both signed2 but it was not to be given if it was contrary to etiquette4 ,i find it the custom of ,protestants1 when they are married by an ,archbishop1 to present that dignitary with a pair of gloves--theirs being always white kid sewn with gold4 ,i think ,i shall have a pair of cloth-of-gold chirothecae made for ,abp4 ,manning1 and shall get ,burges to design them4 ,i know the ,roman ones are often made of spun silk1 but you can have them of other stuff1 too1 can you not8 ,a relique of ,st4 ,margaret of ,scotland has been got for me1 and ,i think of having a bust made for it1 of silver-gilt2 but ,i have not yet received it and don't know what it is like4 ,i think also of sending to ,chur 7,choire7 for a relique of ,st4 ,lucius of ,glamorgan 7,lleurwg ,mawr74#f ,a propos of ,reliques1 they have been making wonderful discoveries of the shrine of ,st4 ,alban in his abbey4#g ,sidenote3 #ahgb1 ,reception at ,cardiff ,lord and ,lady ,bute had gone immediately after their marriage to ,cardiff1 where they received a very cordial welcome1 the mayor reading an address to them at the ,castle gates4 ,i assure you1 said ,bute in his brief reply1 that my wife comes here to-day with a sincere desire to do what is right1 and to be of service not to me only1 but to all by whom #ajh she is surrounded1 and among whom her life is to be henceforth spent4 ,it is sufficient to say here that ,bute's anticipations of the new happiness that this step would bring into his life were more than justified by the event4 ,i cannot but thank ,god1 and congratulate myself1 on this marriage1 he wrote in ,may1 #ahgb2 and ,i hope and believe that it will bring me many blessings4 ,a little later he wrote to the same friend3 ,i have done two good things 7besides some foolish ones7 since my twenty-first birthday2 the first on ,december #h1 #ahfh1 when ,i was reconciled to the ,catholic ,church2 the second on ,april #af1 #ahgb1 when the same ,church blessed my happy marriage4 ,it is a satisfaction to feel that twice in one's life1 at any rate1 one has done what one is certain never to repent of nor to regret4 ,do you not agree with me8 ,bute's marriage brought him into intimate relations1 and indeed some degree of kinship1 with some of the ancient ,catholic families of ,england1 of whom he had up to that time known very little4 ,profoundly interested as he always was in every phase of religious belief and practice1 he welcomed the opportunity now afforded him of witnessing a traditionally religious life as unostentatious as it was obviously sincere1 and contrasting alike with the austere ,puritanism of his childish days and the fussy restlessness which was the chief characteristic of the earlier adherents of the advanced school of ,anglicanism4 ,writing of some ,catholics of the old school1 to whose country home he and his wife had been paying a visit1 he says3 ,they have edifying habits of piety1 but of a very ,low ,church type--the school of ,hymns ,antient #aji and ,modern without the ,appendix1 red baize boxes in galleries1 family prayers and daily ,mass in the most unadorned of private chapels1 and an absolute minimum of ritual4 ,you will understand that the unassuming simplicity of it all appeals to a person like me--especially when ,i see the goodness that accompanies it4 ,but some of our advanced ,anglican friends would stare if they saw the good old-fashioned practices which prevail in old ,catholic circles4 ,i only wish they could4 ,sidenote3 #ahgc1 ,old ,english ,catholic homes ,a visit to ,arundel ,castle in the year following his marriage gave him evident pleasure2 and a letter thence gives a pleasant glimpse of the home circle in that historic ,catholic home3 ,the party here is an entirely family one2#h and ,whitsuntide and the ,month of ,mary ,may add by a shade to the amount of church-going1 which is considerable here always3 for1 as you know1 they are a very devout as well as a very merry and very nice family4 ,i am rather looking forward to the procession of the ,blessed ,sacrament on ,sunday week for ,corpus ,christi4 ,the ,fete-,dieu in the streets of an ,english country town will be rather an experience4 ,we have been down at the sea for the last month4 ,we have no ,london address1 neither of us caring for the place1 where no one left me an house and where ,i have not the least intention of buying one4 ,having at this time1 as mentioned above1 no ,london residence1 ,lord and ,lady ,bute spent their year chiefly between ,cardiff and ,mountstuart1 with occasional visits to ,dumfries ,house1 for which ,bute had always a particular affection4 ,the stay at #aaj ,cardiff after their marriage was unexpectedly prolonged owing to ,lady ,bute being laid up there with scarlet fever1 while he had the misfortune to break his arm4 ,as soon as they could travel they went to ,mountstuart for the autumn and winter1 and ,bute dictated thence the following letter1 the last sentence of which illustrates the curious displeasure with which1 notwithstanding his theoretical and archaeological admiration of monastic institutions1 he always received the news of any friends of his own entering a religious order3#i ,mountstuart1 ,september #bc1 #ahgb4 ,you will perceive by the handwriting that ,i am still incapable of using my right hand1 which is1 indeed1 tied up with a piece of wood4 ,i am glad to say that my ,lady is now very nearly well2 and ,i trust that her escape from the climate of ,cardiff will soon complete her recovery4 ,the quiet routine of my life here is the same as formerly4 ,my ,lady plays the harmonium in our little chapel3 we venture on nothing more than hymns1 and get along pretty well4 ,the histories one hears from ,rome seem all to be so cooked to suit the varying views of people who retail them1 that one really feels quite uncertain as to how things are going on4 ,i am told that there is an ,italianising party among the ,cardinals1 from which much trouble may be expected in the event--may it be very far distant6--of the election of a successor to ,pius ,,ix4 #aaa ,i greatly regret to report that ,h---- ,g----#aj in a convent as a ,redemptorist novice4 ,i can only say that ,i most sincerely trust1 as far as ,i lawfully may1 that he may soon find that he has made a mistake4 ,sidenote3 #ahgc1 ,oxford revisited ,the reference to the learned ,jesuit ,father ,mac,sweeney in the following letter1 written to his old ,oxford friend in the spring of #ahgc1 shows that ,bute was now entering on what was to be the most considerable literary work of his life1 namely1 the translation into ,english of the entire ,roman ,breviary4 ,mountstuart1 ,april #bg1 #ahgc4 ,we are really coming south for a little1 after a peaceful sojourn here of many months2 and ,i hope for an opportunity of seeing you4 ,i am not forgetful1 and it will be a great pleasure4 ,there is not much to bring me to ,oxford now1 as except yourself and very few others ,i have no friends there now1 and ,i have not the footing ,i should have had if ,i had taken my degree4 ,one day1 however1 ,i am to come1 and my wife is to be lionised by old ,mr4 ,parker1 between whom and me archaeology has formed ties4 ,i have also business with the erudite ,jesuit ,fr4 ,mac,sweeney1#aa who has just been sent there4 ,most of my ,oxford friends are married and changed and away--and ,i suppose ,i am very much changed myself4 ,i fear ,i am not less indolent than ,i was1 and my life is devoid of stirring incidents4 ,my luxury is art1 and perhaps the favourite pursuit ,antiquarianism1 as #aab ,history is the favourite reading4 ,i study1 too1 a little science4 ,i wish ,i were better as regards devotion--,i want stirring up in that2 but my associations of that kind are so much with the ,south1 and so difficult to adapt 7though ,i know ,i ought to try to adapt them7 to the environment in which one has to live4 ,we are both1 however1 looking forward to a ,mediterranean trip next winter4 ,the projected visit to ,oxford--,bute's first since his change of religion five years previously--duly came off1 and he thus refers to it3 ,to do ,oxford in a day is suggestive of the ,american tourists who do ,rome in three2 but my wife saw the most noteworthy things under the skilled guidance of old ,parker1 whom ,i fear we unduly fatigued4 ,you may imagine the feelings and memories that came over me as ,i led my young wife through ,christ ,church4 ,it is difficult to estimate exactly what ,i owe to ,oxford1 but the debt is a heavy one4444 ,materially the place seemed to me very little changed4 ,the newest thing ,i noticed was ,st4 ,barnabas's1 which impressed me4 ,only ,i wish they'd had the courage to ,romanise it enough to put the ,altar so-- ,illustration3 ,sketch of altar arrangements ,apropos of ,americans doing ,italy1 ,story told me that ,gibson1 the ,american sculptor1 once met and talked with a countryman of his1 who was doing ,italy in some incredibly short space of time4 ,yes1 ,i guess ,i have been nearly everywhere1 he said 7the conversation took place in a ,north ,italian #aac railway-carriage71 and one place that struck me very much was--,i can't remember the name1 but it begins with ,r4 ,gibson suggested ,ravenna1 ,reggio1 ,recanati1 and other names4 ,no1 no1 it was a shorter name than any of those3 there was a big church with a dome1 and a colonnade and fountains in front4 ,good heavens6 you surely don't mean ,rome8 said ,gibson1 aghast4 ,yes1 that was it--,rome4 ,i knew it was a short name1 but ,i couldn't recall it for the moment4 ,this is a fact1 as newspapers sometimes say after telling a more than usually unbelievable story4 ,sidenote3 #ahgc1 ,a winter in ,majorca ,the second winter after his marriage ,bute had the pleasure of spending in the south which he loved so well1 and in more congenial and sympathetic company than he had always secured for his bachelor journeyings1 even those which in some degree partook of the nature of a pilgrimage4 ,our plan1 he wrote on ,november #f1 #ahgc1 is to dawdle through ,france and winter by the ,mediterranean--we have been thinking of the ,island of ,majorca4 ,the project was successfully carried out1 and we see1 from a letter written early in the following spring to the same friend1 how much quiet enjoyment he was deriving from the rest and sunshine which he found in the ,balearic ,isles4 ,the latter part of the letter refers to the recent death of his first cousin ,edith ,countess of ,loudoun1 who1 it will be remembered1 had been one of the party that accompanied him to the ,holy ,land a few weeks after his reception into the ,roman ,church4 ,bendinat1 ,palma1 ,mallorca1 ,february #bd1 #ahgd4 ,this is a very fair place indeed1 the best of it being the climate4 ,i'm nearly always happy when #aad ,i'm abroad1 particularly in the ,mediterranean4 ,i suppose there's something in fogs and perpetual rain and cold and darkness which is especially uncongenial to me4 ,also there are no business and bothers here to speak of1 which is certainly a great change from home4 ,we have the quiet and peace which we both enjoy and value1 and ,i am glad to say that ,i have been getting on very well with the ,breviary2 for whereas ,i had hoped before returning to have reached ,ascension ,day1 ,i now venture to think of the third ,sunday after ,pentecost4 ,a drawback 7my ,lady reminds me7 to our residence here is its distance from any church1 our only accessible service being one ,low ,mass each ,sunday4 ,there's an impressive1 and very ,spanish1 ,cathedral at ,palma1 with functions well and carefully done2 but it is remote from us here4 ,the death of ,edith#ab was a great shock to me1 as well as a source of sincere sorrow4 ,requiescat in pace4 ,we shall all go the same way in the long run1 #ajj years #aae hence it'll be all the same2 but it does seem rather hard that the axe should fall on the neck of all of us 7however much it may grieve or inconvenience the survivors71 and cut us off from the only world we have any experience of4 ,not1 for the matter of that1 that it's much worth stopping in--still1 it's all we've got4 ,however1 crying over this spilt milk--and ,i confess to having shed some tears since ,i heard the news--will never put it back into the pitcher1 so perhaps there is not much use in crying4 ,but ,i am sincerely grateful for your kind sympathy4 ,sidenote3 #ahgd1 ,domestic happiness ,later in the same year1 after his return to ,england1 ,bute took occasion1 in a letter to his ever-faithful friend at ,oxford1 to repel with indignation some malevolent rumours which had reached him to the effect that he had not found in his home life the happiness which he had anticipated4 ,not one jot of truth is there1 or has there ever been1 in these iniquitous calumnies4 ,our happiness indeed is complete1 and the terms on which we live completely affectionate and intimate4 ,i find myself more attached to ,g4 the longer ,i have the privilege and honour of living with her1 and of seeing1 as ,st4 ,augustine says of ,st4 ,monica1 her walk with ,god1 how godly and holy it is1 and to us-ward so sweet and gentle4 ,this letter was written from ,heath ,house1 ,weybridge--a little house1 writes ,bute1 which we have hired for a month or two4 ,i go hence to ,london nearly every day to read ,hebrew with a ,rabbi this was in view of the new version of the ,psalms for his projected translation of the ,breviary1 and all sorts of things with a ,jesuit4 ,besides the sacred language 'in which the ,eternal spoke1' and certain branches #aaf of ,liturgiology1 ,i continue1 as formerly1 to read history and science--very humbly4 ,we go to ,scotland this month1 but perhaps shall be at ,cardiff for ,christmastide1 though ,mountstuart1 as you know1 is the home of our predilection4 ,before ,christmas of this year1 which ,bute spent not at ,cardiff but at ,mountstuart1 he published 7anonymously7 a little book containing a translation of the ,christmas ,offices from the ,roman ,breviary4 ,i hope and believe1 he wrote1 that it may be of some service to those 7there must be many7 who desire to follow with intelligence the ,liturgy of that holy season1 but are prevented from doing so by their partial or total ignorance of the language of the ,church4 ,for this reason ,i should wish the booklet made known through the ordinary channels--a matter in which ,i confess to thinking our ,catholic publishers very much less enterprising and business-like than those who cater for devout ,anglicans4 ,but for this state of things1 ,i fear1 non c'e remedio4 ,in ,bute's own chapel he was accustomed to have the church offices 7with the exception1 of course1 of the ,mass7 recited in the vernacular4 ,christmas went well here1 he wrote to a friend in ,january1 #ahge4 ,we had the ,monsignor ,capel down4 ,mattins and ,lauds were said in ,english1 the altar being incensed at the ,benedictus2 and ,mgr4 ,c4 treated us to a short and rather eloquent fervorino after the gospel at ,mass4 ,by the way1 the progress of my ,breviary is most discouragingly slow3 eppur si muove4 #a ,lapsed livings are those in the gift of ,catholics1 who are legally incapable of presenting to them4 ,by statutes passed in #afjc and #agae1 the patronage of such livings is vested1 according to their situation1 in the universities of ,oxford or ,cambridge4 ,all such benefices in ,glamorgan were assigned to ,cambridge4 #b ,the ,rev4 ,f4 ,w4 ,puller1 the well-known ,anglican divine and controversialist1 resigned the vicarage of ,roath in #ahhj to join the ,society of ,st4 ,john the ,evangelist at ,cowley4 #c ,the ,welsh ,disestablishment ,act of #aibj has1 of course1 abolished private patronage in ,wales4 #d ,canon ,jenkins had held one of the missionary fellowships founded at ,jesus by his namesake ,sir ,leoline ,jenkins in the seventeenth century1 and had accordingly gone out to ,natal in #ahec1 and become a canon of ,maritzburg4 ,he had returned to ,oxford when ,bute came into residence at ,christ ,church1 and was successively dean and bursar of ,jesus between #ahfd and #ahgj4 ,a fine portrait of him by ,holman ,hunt hangs in the common-room of his college4 #e ,pius ,i,xth's wedding gifts were beautiful cameos set in gold4 #f ,the 7probably mythical7 king of ,britain whom ,bede reports to have written to ,pope ,eleutherius asking for instruction in ,christianity4 ,lucius is supposed to have left ,britain1 preached among the ,rhaetian ,alps1 and died at ,chur or ,coire1 where he is still venerated as a saint4 ,the ,welsh legend makes him founder of the churches of ,llandaff1 ,roath1 etc4 ,lleurwg or ,lleurfer 7,light-bearer7 is the ,welsh rendering of ,lucius4 #g ,more than #bjjj fragments of the fourteenth-century base of ,st4 ,alban's shrine were discovered in #ahgb1 built into the walls1 and were pieced together again with extraordinary patience and skill1 and re-erected on the original site4 #h ,the ,duke of ,norfolk and his four unmarried sisters were at this time living at ,arundel with their widowed mother4 #i ,one recalls in this connection the cases of two of the most devout and accomplished ,catholic writers of the nineteenth century1 the ,count de ,montalembert and ,kenelm ,digby4 ,both expended the utmost enthusiasm and eloquence in their description of the religious life of the ,middle ,ages2 and both resisted to the utmost1 and not without bitterness1 the entry into religion of members of their own immediate family circles4 #aj ,a contemporary of ,bute's at ,harrow and ,christ ,church4 ,he had become a ,catholic in #ahga4 #aa ,in the preface to his translation of the ,breviary1 published six years later1 ,bute pays a handsome tribute to the long pains and unwearied patience and kindness which the learned ,jesuit had expended in assisting him in the work4 ,father ,mac,sweeney read the whole of it in proof1 and contributed much valuable criticism1 especially in connection with the translation of the ,psalter4 #ab ,one of the testamentary dispositions of ,edith ,lady ,loudoun1 who had succeeded to the ,scottish earldom in #ahfh on the premature death of her brother1 fourth and last ,marquis of ,hastings1 curiously recalls a provision afterwards made by ,bute in his own will4 ,lady ,loudoun directed that her right hand should be severed after death1 and buried apart from her body 7which was interred in the family vault in ,scotland7 in the park at her husband's seat at ,donington1 her home before she inherited her brother's title4 ,curiously enough1 a similar provision had been made by her grandfather 7and ,bute's71 the first ,marquis of ,hastings1 the distinguished ,governor-,general of ,india1 who died in ,malta in #ahbf1 his wife and children being at the time in ,scotland4 ,he was buried at ,malta1 but his right hand was by his wish carried to ,loudoun1 and placed in the grave destined for his wife4 ,when the latter was dying fourteen years later1 her daughter ,sophia1 afterwards ,marchioness of ,bute1 wrote a note to the parish minister1 asking him to bring her a small iron box which he would find in the family vault4 ,there must be no delay1 the missive ended4 ,the young minister did ,lady ,sophia's bidding3 the box was taken to her mother's deathbed1 and two days later was enclosed in her coffin according to her husband's desire4 ,this minister was the ,rev4 ,norman ,macleod1 afterwards the chaplain and intimate friend of ,queen ,victoria4 #aag ,,chapter ,,vii ,,wine-,,growing--,,literary ,,work--,,the ,,scottish ,,review #ahge-ahhf ,bute's domestic happiness was crowned1 at the close of the year #ahge1 by the birth of his eldest 7and for some years his only7 child1 the event taking place at ,mountstuart on ,december #bd1 #ahge4 ,at twenty minutes to five a4m4 on ,christmas ,eve1 he wrote to a friend1 the first cries of my daughter were heard1 and the little thing is and has been in excellent health and strength4 ,i cannot believe there is ever much likeness in babies to one parent or the other2 but what she has absolutely1 such as the colour of the eyes1 formation of the ears1 etc41 is after me1 and not after her mother 444 ,she was baptised that evening at six1 ,i asking the farmers round about4 ,mgr4 ,capel made a kind of little sermon for the occasion1 very well done4 ,the autumn of the following year was marked by a ,royal visit to the ,isle of ,bute--a rare event in those parts1 and one which for that reason aroused all the greater interest and appreciation4 ,h4,r4,h4 ,prince ,leopold was the guest of ,lord and ,lady ,bute for four days at ,mountstuart1 arriving in the evening in ,lord ,glasgow's yacht ,valetta at the picturesque harbour of ,rothesay1 which was illuminated for the occasion4 ,the ,prince next day paid a kind of official visit to the #aah ,aquarium 7the chief public attraction of ,rothesay71 and had a most enthusiastic reception4 ,on ,sunday he attended service in the parish church1 accompanied by the ,protestant members of the house-party2 and in the evening he was present at the ,catholic service of vespers in ,lord ,bute's private chapel4 ,a ball was given at ,mountstuart during his visit2 and he much enjoyed a cruise in the yacht round the islands1 as well as a visit to the interesting colony of beavers which ,bute had established some little time before on a spot adapted for their damming and tree-cutting operations4 ,illustration3 ,,castell ,,coch1 ,,glamorgan ,sidenote3 #ahge1 ,the ,cardiff vintage ,from his boyhood ,bute had been a lover of animals1 though1 unlike the young hero of ,the ,mill on the ,floss 7who was very fond of animals--that is1 of throwing stones at them71 he took no interest whatever in their destruction4 ,besides the beavers1 to whose constitutions the dampness of the ,bute climate ultimately proved fatal1 he introduced a number of kangaroos 7or rather wallabies7 into the sheltered woods round ,mountstuart2 and his visitors used to view with surprise these agile little marsupials leaping about among the bushes1 as much at home as1 and indeed much less shy than1 the familiar hare or rabbit of our ,english coverts4 ,the acclimatisation of exotic shrubs in the grounds of his island home 7where the prevailing mildness of temperature encouraged such experiments7 was always a source of interest to him2 whilst at ,cardiff he derived particular pleasure from the success of his efforts to grow grapes there for wine-producing purposes4 ,vines were selected from the colder districts of ,france1 and were planted in #ahge on the slopes of ,castell ,coch1 near ,cardiff1 in light fibrous loam soil4 ,one particular vine1 the ,gamay ,noir 7a favourite in the ,paris #aai district71 so flourished that a second and larger vineyard was propagated from it4 ,forty gallons of wine were made in the second year after planting1 and after two or three bad seasons so good a vintage was secured in #ahha that the wine1 pronounced by connoisseurs to resemble good still champagne1 was all sold at excellent prices4 ,the record year1 however1 was #ahic1 when the entire crop of forty hogsheads1 or over a thousand dozen1 of the wine realised a price which recouped all the expenses incurred during the previous eighteen years4 ,dr4 ,lawson ,tait1 as famous for his taste in wine as for his surgical skill1 bought some of it2 and when sold with the rest of his cellar after his death it fetched #aaes4 a dozen4#a ,the success of ,bute's viticultural experiments aroused very general interest in ,england2 and it is perhaps worth while putting on record1 as a good specimen of the now discredited art of the punster1 a notice of the new industry which appeared1 now nearly half a century ago1 in the principal comic paper of the day3 ,the ,marquis of ,bute has1 it appears1 a ,bute-iful vineyard at ,castle ,coch1 near ,cardiff1 where it is to be hoped such wine will be produced that in future ,hock will be superseded by ,coch1 and the unpronounceable vintages of the ,rhine will yield to the unpronounceable vintages of the ,taff4 ,cochheimer is as yet a wine in potentia1 but the vines are planted1 and the gardener1 ,mr4 ,pettigrew1 anticipates no petty growth4 ,no distinctive name was1 as a matter of fact1 ever given to the wine made from the ,castle ,coch grapes2 #abj and ,bute on more than one occasion asked good ,welsh scholars 7including some of the ,cardiff clergy7 to dinner1 in order to consult with them as to this point4 ,the site of one of the vineyards was a place called ,swanbridge 7,pont-yr-alarch71 and it was suggested that ,sparkling ,pont-yr-alarch#b would look well in a wine merchant's list4 ,true1 was ,bute's comment1 made in the serious vein in which he loved to treat such subjects3 yet ,i fear that such a name would militate against the casual demand for my wine in hotels or restaurants4 ,one can hardly imagine the ordinary diner calling for a bottle of ,pont-yr-alarch at the beginning of his meal1 still less asking for a second bottle at a more advanced stage of the repast4 ,all orders for this particular vintage would have1 in practice1 to be given in writing4 ,the wine continued to be anonymous2 and ,bute1 who frequently had it served at his own table1 used to puzzle his guests by asking their candid opinion of it4 ,well1 now1 ,lord ,bute1 said a distinguished connoisseur once1 after tasting the #ahic vintage and rolling it over his palate secundum artem1 this is what ,i should call an interesting wine4 ,i wonder what ,sir ,h---- ,m---- exactly meant by that1 ,bute would sometimes say afterwards1 recalling the incident4 ,sidenote3 #ahge1 ,order of the ,thistle ,the year #ahge was marked for ,bute by an incident which gratified him not a little1 namely1 the #aba bestowal on him by ,queen ,victoria of the ,knighthood of the ,thistle4 ,it was characteristic of him that he did not accept this honour1 as some noblemen of high rank and large possessions might easily have done1 as a mere matter of course4 ,he regarded it1 on the contrary1 as a recognition of the services he had endeavoured to render to education1 learning1 and the civic life2 and he valued and appreciated it accordingly4 ,apart from any question of personal merit1 he was gratified1 as a patriotic ,scot1 by his admission into the most exclusive order of chivalry in the kingdom1 and one which had been conferred for generations on the most eminent of his countrymen4 ,he had held for some years the ,grand ,cross of two distinguished ,papal ,orders--those of ,st4 ,gregory and of the ,holy ,sepulchre2 but on the occasion of his next ceremonial visit to ,rome and to the ,pope1 it was remarked at the ,vatican 7where such details never pass unnoticed7 that he was not wearing the ,pontifical decorations1 but only the insignia of the ,scottish ,order4#c ,the loyal affection cherished by ,bute for his few near relatives has already been mentioned2 and it may therefore be easily imagined with what sympathetic interest he learned in the summer of #ahge that his cousin ,lady ,flora ,hastings1 elder sister of ,lord ,loudoun1 had been received into the ,catholic ,church1 and was in consequence being subjected to a species of domestic persecution which seems strange in these more tolerant days1 but was #abb by no means uncommon fifty years ago4 ,bute wrote as to this to an intimate friend3 ,jan4 #aj1 #ahgf4 ,the treatment to which she has been submitted at home has naturally been extremely trying and painful to her2#d but she has endured it with admirable patience1 being reinforced and supported by the remarkable kindness of her brother4 ,loudoun's behaviour has indeed been considerate to a degree that can hardly be imagined1 and far more so than could have been at all expected4 ,you will understand1 without my saying more1 what we all feel about this4 ,norfolk has been kindness itself to her1 and so1 too1 have others4 ,an interesting sequel to the reference in the last sentence was the happy engagement concluded in #ahgg between the ,duke of ,norfolk and ,lady ,flora4 ,as first cousins respectively to the bride and bridegroom1 ,lord and ,lady ,bute were of course very specially interested in this marriage1 which took place at the ,oratory on ,november #ba1 #ahgg4 ,we are all occupied all day here1 ,bute wrote from a ,london hotel on ,november #af1 talking about the wedding next week1 and some of us with other things besides talk1 for there is much business to be done and settled4 ,neither on this nor on any other occasion did ,lord and ,lady ,bute care to remain away from their own home longer than was absolutely necessary4 ,bute wrote a few days afterwards from ,lord ,glasgow's seat in ,fife1 where they were paying a short visit3 #abc ,we quitted ,london--as usual1 with much satisfaction--the very day after the ceremony1 which was decorously done1 and the mob of sightseers was1 ,i am inclined to think1 better behaved 7anyhow inside the church7 than at our marriage five years ago4 ,lord ,beaconsfield1 who was in the front row next to ,princess ,louise1 sat throughout the function wrapped in his long drab overcoat1 and gazing at the altar with ,sphinx-like immobility4 ,he told me at the reception afterwards that he had thought the music 7which at ,norfolk's express wish was plain-chant throughout7 strangely impressive4 ,the bridegroom1 by the way1 forgot to order a carriage to take them away after the ceremony1 but finding his father-in-law's carriage at the church door1 handed in the bride with great presence of mind4 ,they were just driving off when ,mr4 ,hastings came out fuming1 and insisted on a seat in his own carriage4 ,so they all drove away together1 quite in violation1 ,i imagine1 of the established etiquette on such occasions4 ,sidenote3 #ahgg1 ,burning of ,mountstuart ,bute's hopes of spending the winter of #ahgg-ahgh quietly at his old home near ,rothesay were rudely frustrated by the catastrophe of ,december #c1 #ahgg1 when ,mountstuart ,house was practically burnt to the ground1 only the two wings 7one of them containing the little private chapel7 escaping the flames4 ,he wrote early in ,december1 in reply to a letter of condolence3 ,many thanks for the kind expressions in your letter4 ,it has all been1 of course1 very distressing4 ,nearly all moveables 7including books and pictures7 were most fortunately saved1#e but the confusion is #abd and has been so great that ,i am practically bookless for a while1 and feel like a snail that has lost its shell4 ,but the ,breviary is slowly proceeding4 ,the destruction of his birthplace was1 of course1 far from leaving ,bute in any sense homeless2 for ,cardiff ,castle as well as ,dumfries ,house1 the fine old seat of the ,crichtons1 were still at his disposition1 and to these he added in course of time two other country-places in ,scotland1 besides leasing for a term of years first the ,duke of ,devonshire's cedar-shaded villa at ,chiswick1 and later the beautiful domain of ,st4 ,john's ,lodge1 in ,regent's ,park1 which was almost as much a rus in urbe as ,holland ,house itself4 ,superficially1 and in one respect1 he may thus be said to have resembled the anonymous duke in ,disraeli's most popular novel1 who was the owner of so many magnificent seats that he could never feel 7it was his one grievance7 that he possessed a home4 ,but ,bute1 who considered it a matter of duty and conscience to spend a certain time at all his places in turn1 contrived to find in each of them the ,lar domestico 7as the ,portuguese call it7 which makes a house a veritable home4 ,happy in the society of his wife and growing family 7three sons were born to him between #ahhj and #ahhg7 and surrounded by the books which he loved1 he was well contented to live remote from cities1 although quite devoid of any instincts whatever for the sports which alone make country life tolerable to so many ,englishmen4 ,a good swimmer and fencer 7as we have seen7 in his early manhood1 he indulged in middle life in no other bodily exercise than that of country walks2 and even in these1 given a congenial companion1 what is called the object of the walk was often forgotten in the interest of some conversation on #abe topics strangely remote from the picturesque surroundings of a ,scottish country house4 ,one who was often his associate in such rambles1 perhaps on the high moorlands above ,mountstuart1 recalls how they would pause at some notable point of view1 and how his companion1 gazing with unseeing eye 7though in reality far from insensible to the beauties of nature7 at the matchless panorama of woods and mountains1 sea1 and sky spread out before them1 would dismiss the prospect1 as it were1 with a wave of the hand1 and continue his discourse on the claim of some mediaeval anti-pope to the recognition of ,christendom1 or the precise relation between the liturgical language employed by the ,coptic ,church and the tongue of ancient ,egypt as spoken by the ,pharaohs4 ,sidenote3 #ahgg1 ,bute as a landowner ,bute was scrupulous and exact in the performance of his duties as a landowner2 he kept himself informed of all the details connected with the management of his extensive estates1 and never grudged the demands on his time and patience made by the lawyers1 agents1 and others for business interviews extending over many hours and sometimes even days4 ,that he found these prolonged transactions irksome and fatiguing enough is clear from some expressions in his correspondence2 and it was always a pleasure and relief to him to get back to his books and literary work1 which were1 perhaps1 on the whole the chief interest of his life4 ,although he expended annually a considerable sum on the equipment of his libraries1 ,bute was no bibliophile in the sense in which that word is now often used4 ,tall-paper copies1 first editions1 volumes unique for their rarity1 and publications de luxe had no interest for him at all4 ,what he aimed at was to surround himself with a first-rate working library1 furnished especially with those #abf works of reference--sources1 as the ,french term is--most likely to be of service to him in the historical and liturgical researches with which he was chiefly occupied4 ,his librarian had standing orders1 in the case of new books of interest and utility1 to purchase three copies1 so that wherever he chanced to be resident he found the tools of his craft ready to his hand4#f ,a letter written in the autumn of #ahgg shows that the work at that time occupying most of his attention was his translation of the ,roman ,breviary1 which after several years of assiduous 7though not1 of course1 continuous7 labour was now nearing its completion4 ,mountstuart1 ,august #bh1 #ahgg4 ,at last ,i am relieved from a more than usually tedious spell of business with lawyers and factors1 and am able to fulfil my promise to tell you of my liturgical opus magnum 7,i call it so1 though my office has been but the humble one of the translator74 ,for the present1 keep the matter to yourself4 ,i have been engaged since the winter of #ahgj in translating the whole of the ,roman ,breviary into ,english2 and the ,,ms4 is nearly finished1 and the printing now going on4 ,i expect it will be published next year4 ,i have learnt ,hebrew 7more or less7 for the purpose1 and done an amount of reading which it quite frightens me to think of4 ,this translation is my beloved child4 ,i send you a volume of proof1 and will give you a copy of the two volumes when they come out4 ,please keep it quiet3 ,i don't want to be badgered about it1 as ,i should be if people knew that ,i was doing it4 #abg ,i am executing a paraphrase in ,english prose1 with a critical commentary1 introduction1 notes1 analysis1 and all the rest of it1 of the ,scots metrical romance upon the ,life of ,william ,wallace1 written by ,blind ,harry in the ,x,vth century4 ,from my ,scotch historical reading1 ,i am gradually compiling a skeleton chronology of the ,history of ,scotland1 with references to every fact3 it is intended to stretch from the fall of ,macbeth to that of ,mary--i4e4 the national1 ,catholic1 and feudal period4 ,and--pleasure after business--,i have in hand a translation of the ,targum 7,paraphrastic ,commentary by the ,jewish ,fathers7 upon the ,song of ,solomon1 from the ,latin version published at ,antwerp in #aegj4 ,this has just been rejected by the ,jesuits for one of their publications as dull4 ,as ,i did not compose it1 ,i feel free to differ from their verdict4 ,i think now of offering it to ,good ,words4 ,it is mystic 7not fleshly7 and very wild1 picturesque1 and diffuse--indeed1 in my opinion1 touching not infrequently on the sublime4 ,so you see ,i have lots of work in hand4 ,bute took an infinity of pains over his ,english ,breviary1 polishing and repolishing his version of the mediaeval ,latin text over and over again1 and correcting and revising the proofs with such meticulous care as greatly to add to the expense of the production 7which was defrayed by himself1 not by the publishers7 and also to the delay in bringing out the work4 ,probably few books of the size and character of these two portly volumes were ever printed with a smaller proportion of typographical errors2 but ,bute professed himself far from satisfied with the work on its appearance4 ,sending a copy to a friend1 he wrote3 ,there are a good many things in it--blunders and #abh oversights 7mostly mine1 not the printers'1 who have done their work extraordinarily well7--which make me anything but contented with it4 ,i am on the whole1 seeing the book in print1 least dissatisfied with the rendering of the prayers1 in which ,i venture to think ,i have not quite failed to reproduce to some extent the measured and sonorous dignity of the original ,latin4 ,reviewers1 as a rule1 received the ,breviary with respectful admiration1 their tributes being1 however1 paid in many cases less to the work itself than to the astonishing industry of the translator4 ,bute himself was disappointed at the slowness of the sale4 ,i hope1 he wrote to a friend at ,oxford1 you will speak of it if occasion offers1 as the circulation is not large4 ,and some months later he wrote again1 ,i am very glad that you find the ,breviary of use1 and that there are others who do the same4 ,it is not1 however1 a feeling as yet very widely disseminated among the public1 seeing that ,i am still ,l#cjj out of pocket by having published it4 ,there was1 in truth1 no very considerable body of educated ,english-speaking readers to whom these two ponderous and necessarily expensive tomes were likely to appeal4 ,the ,catholic clergy had no money to spare for literary luxuries1 and felt no special need of an ,english version of their familiar office-book3 the ,catholic laity1 devoid for the most part of all liturgical taste1 and nurtured on modern methods and manuals of devotion1 knew and cared little about the ancient and official prayer of the ,church1 either in ,latin or in ,english2 and thus those chiefly interested in this really monumental work1 to which the translator had devoted such prolonged and unwearied labour1 proved to be1 not 7pathetically enough7 his own co-religionists1 but a small group of scholars and devotees mostly #abi belonging to one section of the ,church of ,england1 and including liturgiologists of acknowledged eminence4 ,in some religious houses1 however1 both of men and women1 the ,breviary was introduced1 and greatly valued1 as a means of instructing novices and others in the ,divine ,office2 and in a certain number of ,anglican communities1 especially in the ,united ,states1 it was brought into use as the regular office-book4 ,bute always heard with sincere gratification of any instances of this which were brought to his knowledge4#g ,sidenote3 #ahhb1 ,the ,scottish ,review ,next to the ,breviary1 the beloved child of his brain1 which was published in the autumn of #ahgi1 ,bute's chief literary labours may be said to have been in connection with the quarterly ,scottish ,review1 to which he first became a contributor in #ahhb1 and of which he afterwards assumed the control1 purchasing the periodical outright in #ahhf4 ,a series of his letters dealing with the ,review1 all eminently characteristic of the writer1 have been preserved1 mostly addressed to the editor1 the ,rev4 ,w4 ,metcalfe1 an ,established ,church minister of ,paisley1 who was afterwards closely associated with him during his ,rectorship of ,st4 ,andrews ,university1 and was during a long series of years one of his most intimate friends and most regular correspondents4 ,one of his first letters1 in reply to one suggesting certain subjects for possible articles from his pen1 shows the complete frankness with which1 when necessary1 he acknowledged his own ignorance4 #acj ,dumfries ,house1 ,october #aj1 #ahhb4 ,i am sensible of the kindness of your offer1 but ,i know my own limitations4 ,about prehistoric antiquities ,i can write nothing1 for ,i know nothing2 and of the ,scots ,men-at-,arms ,i know if possible even less4 ,for the latter subject ,i could no doubt mug up1 as ,arthur ,pendennis did for his articles in the ,pall ,mall ,gazette2 but cui bono8 ,as for early ,scottish ,christianity1 the subject is too vast3 you might almost as well ask me for an article on the history of the human race4 ,it must be done in fragments4 ,i think ,i might try my hand on some scrap1 say the ancient ,celtic ,hymns1 in ,latin2 and ,i am now taking steps to ascertain if there are known to be any more of such compositions than ,i already possess--also to get a legible transcript of one of mine1 a 7to me7 illegible lithographic facsimile of an ancient ,codex4444 ,as to the ,men-at-,arms1 ,i am of opinion that ,mrs4 ,maxwell ,scott of ,abbotsford would do this well4 ,she is somewhat of an invalid1 and spends much time in study1 in which she has the advantage both of great natural ability and of her illustrious great-grandfather's admirable library4 ,she is 7unreasonably7 diffident2 but were the article once written1 ,i feel sure you would not find yourself in search of any excuse not to print it4 ,sidenote3 #ahhc1 ,contributions to the ,scottish ,review ,bute's own paper on ,ancient ,celtic ,latin ,hymns appeared in ,february1 #ahhc1 and was the first of over twenty articles contributed by him to the ,scottish ,review4#h ,other articles followed1 dealing respectively with ,st4 ,patrick1 the ,scottish ,peerage1 and the ,bayreuth ,festival1 which he attended for the first time in #ahhf1 the same year in which he acquired #aca control of the ,review4 ,the last-named article has a particular interest of its own1 as having been written by a man quite devoid 7as he himself frankly acknowledged7#i of any aesthetic appreciation of music1 but who was yet moved and impressed to an extraordinary degree by the ,wagnerian cycle as presented at ,bayreuth4 ,had you not better1 he writes to the editor in sending the ,bayreuth article1 submit my ,festival to some expert musician of ,wagnerian mind1 that he may add a few technicalities at appropriate places8 7,i have indicated in pencil where ,i think this may fitly be done47 ,the article on ,st4 ,patrick aroused some interest1 especially in the perennial question of the ,saint's birthplace--a subject to which ,bute makes whimsical reference in a letter relating to hoped-for contributions from the ,rev4 ,colin ,grant1#aj the learned priest of ,eskadale4 ,he 7,g47 is at all sorts of things at this moment1 including a memoir of ,simon ,lord ,lovat1 also a #acb formal attack on a priest 7one ,m----7 who writes an article every six months1 making ,st4 ,patrick be born in a new place every time1 as readily as if he were a kind of early ,celtic ,homer or ,gladstone4 ,grant swears by ,dumbarton2 but whenever he crushes ,m---- in one place it is only to find him giving birth to the ,saint again in a new one4 ,sidenote3 #ahhf1 ,a troublesome ,greek ,a note to the editor of the ,review on the proper designation of a ,greek named ,bikelas1 who had contributed an article1 shows the extreme attention paid by ,bute to such comparatively subsidiary points4 ,the note was addressed from ,dresden1 which ,lord and ,lady ,bute were visiting after their pilgrimage to ,bayreuth1 and where they prolonged their stay for several days 7in spite of their usual eagerness to get home71 in order to witness there another performance of the ,nibelungen ,tetralogy which they had seen at ,bayreuth a few days previously4 ,sept4 #ad1 #ahhf4 ,bikelas kicks against being called the ,k4 ,bikelas3 he wants the title ,mr4 ,i tell him that we usually give foreigners the title they use themselves--not ,mr4 ,thus we say ,m4 not ,mr4 ,grevy--,signor not ,mr4 ,depretis--,herr not ,mr4 von ,hartmann--,senor not ,mr4 ,canovas4 ,greeks are vulgarly designated ,m41 which must be wrong1 as1 whatever they are1 they are not ,frenchmen1 nor are we4 ,it is a mere blunder founded on ignorance4 ,they themselves always use the style ,greek3 ho kurios--e4g4 ,greek3 ho ,k4 peparregopoulos4 ,consequently ,i maintain that they should be called in ,english the ,k4 ,so-and-so4#aa #acc ,under ,bute's regime the columns of the ,scottish ,review were open to capable writers professing any religion or none2 but he seems to have found the latitudinarian views of ,greek3 ho ,k4 ,bikelas as troublesome as his title4 ,december #aa1 #ahhf4 ,b4 is very tiresome indeed4 ,the fact is1 the man has lived more at ,paris than has been good for him1 and looks on anybody taking any interest in religion as a folly to be apologised for4 ,this is a state of mind which will appear as strange and shocking in this country as it would in his own4 ,i told him therefore that ,i thought ,i must cook his most free-thinking paragraphs1 and he assented4 ,now he insists on having it all scepticised4 ,i suppose that ,i must do as he wishes1 and leave him--and ourselves--to the fate that may befall us4 ,i fear1 however1 he won't be redeemed even by being sandwiched in between the ,unknowable in front and the miracles of ,st4 ,magnus behind4 ,there is1 however1 just the hope that the country ministers who do the notices won't see what he's driving at4 ,bute's view about the application of the term ,british to his countrymen is expressed in a note referring to an article written for the number of ,january1 #ahhg1 by ,amin ,nassif1 a ,syrian protege of his1 translated from the ,arabic by ,professor ,robertson1 and prefaced by a rather mysterious foreword1 apparently from ,bute's pen4 ,i would not call ,nassif's article ,egypt under the ,british1 but ,egypt under the ,english invasion4#ab ,i dislike the word ,british1 which really only means ,cymro-,celtic4 ,it has a tendency to confound us with #acd the ,english1 and to obscure to the popular mind the extent to which our forefathers in #agjf tried to make us a mere ,english province4#ac ,to every one their due3 to the ,westminster ,parliament that of the bombardment of ,alexandria and the rest of it4 ,the appearance of the first number of the ,review published subsequent to ,bute assuming control of the periodical is referred to with some complacency1 in a letter written from ,mountstuart on ,april #af1 #ahhg3 ,it seems to me the best number of the ,s4,r4 that ,i have ever seen4 ,but as ,i have had more to do with it than with any other1 ,i probably see it with prejudiced eyes4 ,the first newspaper notice or two will display it in its true light1 in the same way that the impressions of ,moliere's housekeeper on his literary efforts were a precursor of those of his public audiences4 ,the first newspaper notice which came to hand1 that in the ,ayr ,observer1 evoked a comment which seemed to show that ,bute was not then so hardened as he afterwards became to the depreciatory remarks of irresponsible reviewers4 ,may #i1 #ahhg4 ,the ,ayr ,observer man had clearly not even glanced at any of the articles except the first and one other 7to which he was attracted by my name as of local interest74 ,he seems to believe the word ,byzantine1 now seen by him for the first time1 to be a synonym for ,german or ,russian4 ,as none of the sentences parse1 ,i conceive that the notice was #ace written in the small hours 7from a dogged determination not to go to bed without getting it done71 after separating from some scene freely enlivened by alcoholic stimulants4 ,sidenote3 #ahhg1 ,a ,london garden party ,a long letter to the editor written on ,june #ah1 #ahhg1 contains1 inter alia1 lamentations on the writer's hard fate at having to return to ,london in mid-summer1 and attend1 incidentally1 a crowded garden party there4 ,fancy leaving this place ,mountstuart at its very best1 in order to be jammed in a stuffy back garden in ,london1 in a hollow surrounded by houses1 for hours on a midsummer's afternoon4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,great ,,hall1 ,,mountstuart ,i see astrologically that ,mars has a good deal to say with regard to the 999999999999992#ad it may possibly mean sunstroke or apoplexy as well as dynamite4 ,really one would think they ought to provide not only an ambulance tent and nurses1 but also a dead-house and a competent staff of undertakers4#ae ,william ,skene1 the eminent ,celtic scholar and historiographer-royal for ,scotland1 had proposed writing an article for the ,review on the question of reunion between the ,episcopalian and ,presbyterian ,churches2 and this gave ,bute an opportunity of ventilating his deep-seated animosity against what he considered the hopelessly ,erastian element inherent #acf in1 and 7as he believed7 essential to1 ,anglicanism4 ,he wrote from ,raby ,castle on ,october #aa1 #ahhg3 ,if ,dr4 ,skene advocates ,bishop ,wordsworth's views1 he is likely to find himself strongly controverted in the next number4 ,what the ,bishop means by reunion is the unconditional surrender of the ,scottish nation to a foreign body1 whose marriages form #b per cent4 of those celebrated in ,scotland4 ,this seems to me simply insane impertinence4 ,a reunion between ,presbyterians and ,catholics looks to me far less unlikely2 for the very essence of the ,presbyterian position--that the sacramental character of ,order belongs only to the presbyterate1 the episcopate being merely its full exercise--is at least a discutable#af question with us1 and we are already agreed on ,christ's ,divine ,headship on earth as it is in heaven3 whereas the ,anglicans have nailed their colours to the mast on the first point1 and have abandoned every shred of ,catholic principle on the second4 ,their doing this last is indeed the sole reason why they exist at all1 either in ,england or in ,scotland4 ,the withers of the historiographer-royal were probably quite unwrung by this rather polemical outburst1 the fact being that ,dr4 ,skene had 7as he himself mildly explained7 no sympathy at all with ,bishop ,wordsworth's views on reunion1 which his article was designed not to support but to confute4#ag #a ,the vintage of #ahhe was also a very good one4 ,the ,mayor of ,cardiff1 ,bute noted in his diary in ,july1 #ahib1 has bought three dozen of my #ahhe wine--like1 but in his opinion better 7and ,i really think it is7 than1 my ,falernian here4 #b ,it may be worth while to point out that the suggested ,welsh name for the wine is based on a mistaken etymology4 ,the word ,swanbridge has nothing to do with swans1 but is from the ,norse or ,danish proper name ,sweyn 7,swegen1 ,swain or ,svend74 ,the narrow neck of land connecting the place1 at low tide1 with the island of ,sully is the bridge or brigg forming the second half of the word4 ,norse names are common all along the south coast of ,glamorgan4 #c ,it is to be observed1 in reference to this1 that the occasion referred to was that of an exclusively ,scottish deputation to ,pope ,pius ,,ix4--an occasion on which ,bute doubtless thought it congruous and becoming to appear wearing only the decoration of the highest ,order of ,scottish chivalry4 #d ,by a singular sequence of events1 the persecuting parent 7who was afterwards created ,lord ,donington7 followed his daughter's example a few years later1 and died a devout member of the ,catholic ,church in #ahie4 #e ,much of the credit of this was due to the sailors from the ,clyde guardship1 who arrived on the scene in time to render invaluable service in the work of salvage4 #f ,the writer has been reminded1 since the above sentence was penned1 that another standing order to the librarian was to purchase annually one or two works of fiction among those most in demand during the current year4 #g ,a tale 7possibly ben trovato7 in this connection was told of a certain nun1 a blonde of very homely appearance1 whose intonation in choir of the antiphon1 ,i am black but comely1 provoked such unseemly giggles in the community1 that the ,superior promptly ordered the ,english ,breviary to be discarded1 and the ,latin one adopted in its place4 #h ,afterwards reprinted in book form 7post1 p4 #adc1 note74 ,a complete bibliography of ,bute's published writings is given in ,appendix ,,vi4 #i ,since ,i have been here1 he wrote in ,january1 #ahhg1 from ,oban1 where he had built a church and established a choir of men and boys for the daily celebration of the ,liturgy1 ,i have been attending choir myself very regularly4 ,i have no natural musical gifts at all1 as you 7being musical yourself7 are well aware2 but ,i think it better to put on a surplice when here1 as it shows fellow-feeling4 ,the ,emperor ,charlemagne1 we are told1 presided regularly over the choir in his private chapel2 but beyond the fact that he coughed or sneezed 7sternutabat7 when he wished the lessons to stop1 we do not hear of his taking any audible part in the service4 ,probably both he and ,lord ,bute1 having instituted a choir to do the singing1 thought it best themselves to follow the injunction which is1 or was1 posted up in the ante-chapel of ,magdalen ,college1 ,oxford1 bidding visitors join in the service silently4 #aj ,one of the most deeply learned men of his time in ,scotland1 especially on the lore and history of the early ,celtic ,church4 ,he was appointed to the ,see of ,aberdeen in #ahhi1 but--to the great loss of ,scottish learning--died only six weeks after his episcopal consecration4 ,see post1 p4 #adg4 #aa ,the articles contributed by this writer were1 as a matter of fact1 signed ,greek3 ,demetrios ,bikelas1 and appear in the index under the name of ,d4 ,bikelas4 ,in some reviews of his writings he is1 however1 styled the ,k4 ,his ,seven ,essays on ,christian ,greece1 translated by ,bute1 appeared in book form in #ahij4 #ab ,the title of the article as published was ,egypt on the ,eve of the ,english ,invasion4 ,it was anonymous4 #ac ,one cannot but recall1 in this connection1 ,mr4 ,putney ,giles's words to ,lothair in regard to the preparations for the celebration of his majority4 ,great disappointment would prevail among your ,lordship's friends in ,scotland1 if that country on this occasion were placed on the same level as a mere ,english county4 ,it must be regarded as a ,kingdom4--,lothair1 ,chap4 ,,xxvii4 #ad ,the asterisked word is1 of course1 ,jubilee4 ,some time before this ,bute had written3 ,i am dabbling1 among other things1 in astrology1 and find it a curious and in some ways fascinating study4 ,see post1 p4 #agf4 #ae ,a curious parallel to this curious passage occurs in a letter written by ,disraeli to ,lady ,chesterfield on ,july #ad1 #ahhg 7,life1 vol4 vi4 p4 #afi74 ,garden parties in ,london are wells1 full of dank air4 ,sir ,william ,gull told me that if the great garden parties in future are held at ,buckingham ,palace and ,marlboro' ,house instead of ,chiswick and so on1 his practice will be doubled4 #af ,this odd synonym for discussible seems almost an ,greek3 hapax legomenon4 ,the ,oxford ,dictionary gives but one example of its use1 from an article in the ,saturday ,review of #ahic4 #ag ,dr4 ,skene's article did not1 as a matter of fact1 appear in the ,review4 #acg ,,chapter ,,viii ,,literary ,,work 7,,continued7 #ahhf1 #ahhg ,they will say that we are dull1 of course1 ,bute wrote to his editor in #ahhg1 discussing the contents of a forthcoming number of the ,scottish ,review4 ,but they say that anyhow1 without reading us1 whatever we put in or leave out4 ,bute did not always feel sure that his own contributions1 written as they were with an immensity of care and painstaking1 were not open to this charge4 ,i feel rather low about the ',coronations1'#a he wrote a few weeks later4 ,it seems to me dull1 very long1 and intensely technical4444 ,it is true that the ,lord ,lyon has returned my proof with a note calling the article 'most valuable1' and saying he could scarcely suggest any improvement4 ,so far so good2 but then he is a professional ,state ,master of ,ceremonies4 ,at other times ,bute appeared rather to resent the charge of heaviness not infrequently applied to his ,review4 ,they call us ponderous--it is their favourite adjective1 he wrote in this mood a little later4 ,it is easy to bandy epithets1 but ,i should say that we are positively light in comparison with #ach some other quarterlies ,i could name4 ,i was drowsing for two hours last night over one of them1 which ,i can designate by no other word than stodgy4 ,nevertheless it must be frankly admitted that ,bute did not possess the power of treating with any kind of light touch 7or perhaps of inspiring others to do the same7 the various interesting and important subjects which were the staple of the ,review4 ,the gift of humour he certainly possessed1 and in a high degree3 he could see as well as any man the incongruous and ridiculous side of the most serious subject3 he liked a good story1 and could tell one himself1 with a sort of solemn jocosity which1 combined with his singular felicity in the choice of language1 added vastly to the effect of the anecdote4 ,moreover1 he could write as well as talk wittily1 as is evident from the caustic and sometimes mordant humour which characterises many of his letters4 ,but this feature is almost or wholly absent from his published writings2 and in these he seems to have adopted the principle which ,dr4 ,johnson certainly practised as well as preached3 ,the dignity of literature is little enhanced by what passes for humour and wit2 and the true man of letters will do well to reserve his jests for the ears of his private friends1 and to treat serious subjects1 on the printed page1 in a serious manner4 ,bute hardly seemed to realise that the following of the sage counsel just quoted could be any bar to the popularity of the ,review with the general reader2 and he was at times almost querulous with what he called the unaccountable apathy of the ,scottish public in particular4 ,i think1 he wrote to a literary friend1 you ought to pitch strongly into the ,scottish people for their distaste for anything like serious reading4 ,i am told that of the books borrowed from #aci the ,edinburgh ,public ,library for home perusal1 more than #ge per cent4 are works of fiction4 ,one thing which ,i have particularly noticed about them is crass ignorance of their own history1 to a point which is really quite astonishing4 ,in order to increase the circulation of the ,review1 and make it if possible self-supporting 7a state of things which1 for the sake of the principle involved1 wrote ,bute1 ,i am extremely desirous to bring about17 the desperate expedient was proposed of transferring the ,review to ,london1 following the precedents of the ,edinburgh and the ,north ,british4 ,but this was too much for ,bute's amor patriae4 ,he wrote to the ,oxford friend from whom the suggestion had emanated3 ,october #a1 #ahhg4 ,one might1 of course1 do better business by dropping it as a ,scottish review1 and starting another ,english magazine in ,london under the same name1 and with a continuity of numeration4 ,this1 however1 would be to destroy in its very essence the attempt to keep going a ,scottish quarterly in ,scotland4 ,it must be owned that the apathy of the ,scottish public is quite enough to drive any one to such a course1 and it would be entirely their own fault if it were taken4 ,sidenote3 #ahhh1 ,bute's historical method ,a typical example of ,bute's method of treating subjects drawn from the byways of history may be seen in his studies on the trial and execution of ,giordano ,bruno1#b whose memory a noisy party in ,italy was at that time 7#ahhh7 endeavouring to exalt as that of an innocent victim and martyr4 ,the opinion of educated ,catholics might have been thought pretty well made up as to the justice of the #adj sentence on the notorious ,neapolitan philosopher and ex-,dominican1 of whom not a ,roman ,inquisitor1 but a ,protestant divine1 had said that he was a man of great capacity1 with infinite knowledge1 but not a particle of religion4 ,bute1 however1 approached the subject in his usual attitude of complete intellectual detachment1 with no trace of parti pris4 ,there is much obscurity about the whole matter1 he wrote from ,sorrento on ,march #ba1 #ahhh1 but ,i flatter myself that my paper will at least be a triumph of impartiality1 of absolutely colourless neutrality4 ,it is sufficient to record here that his conclusion1 after many months of patient sifting of evidence1 much of it drawn from contemporary sources hitherto unexplored1 was much the same as that of ,bruno's accusers and judges in ,venice and in ,rome4 ,he wrote as follows to ,dr4 ,metcalfe1 before his articles appeared in print3 ,what ,i fail to understand is why they executed him at all4 ,if the ,church ,courts had kept him to themselves and imprisoned him for life1 he could not have done any one any harm1 and might with advancing age have repudiated and repented some of his blasphemous utterances 7one being that ,christ was not ,god1 but only a magician of extraordinary cunning74#c ,in the case of this obscure and repulsive vagabond1 whose chief literary work could not be printed to-day without the author being prosecuted for obscenity1 there was surely no need of a terrible public example1 such as might have been 7and was7 urged in the case of the burning of ,servetus4 #ada ,sidenote3 #ahhh1 ,garibaldi's ,autobiography ,equally characteristic of his zeal for what he calls colourless neutrality in the presentment of historic facts are his observations on a proposed article for the ,review on the autobiography of ,garibaldi1 then recently published4 ,as to this he writes 7,february1 #ahhh73 ,perhaps the ,contessa ,m---- ,c---- could do it2 and if the book is on the ,index 7which is not unlikely71#d she could easily get a dispensation by stating her object in wishing to read it4 ,i suppose she is not a ,garibaldian1 by the way8 that would never do4 ,she should express as little opinion of any sort as possible--,i don't mean1 of course1 that she should abstain from stating known facts--and should leave the man to speak for himself by an analysis and a string of quotations1 which must be given from the ,italian text1 and severely literal4 ,the above example--many others could of course be cited--are sufficient to indicate the spirit of rigid impartiality in which ,bute treated1 and desired that others should treat1 historical questions of every kind1 and his almost passionate endeavours to follow in all such researches the old maxim1 ,audi alteram partem4 ,it must be confessed1 however--indeed he himself practically owned--that were his historiographical principles universally adopted1 ,english literature1 if not the cause of historic truth1 would be the poorer4 ,most history1 he said in one of his addresses to a body of university students1 is not history at all1 but romance1 sometimes fascinating but seldom trustworthy1 coloured1 as it often is deeply1 with the prejudices and prepossessions of its #adb writers4 ,names--facts--dates--there is true history2 but when a man gets beyond that1 when he begins to dissect characters1 to attribute motives1 to analyse principles of action1 then in nine cases out of ten he ceases to be a historian and becomes a romancer4 ,gibbon1 with his enormous erudition1 could have presented to us all the details of ,rome's decline as they really were---he has given us instead a travesty of them distorted by his own devilish hatred of ,christianity4 ,macaulay1 whose whiggery may have been all very well on the hustings1 disgusts us by intruding it into every page of his so-called ,history of ,england4 ,froude vaunts that his history of the ,english ,reformation is entirely based on original documents2 by which he really means that he has used all those which have helped him in his self-imposed task of whitewashing ,henry ,,viii41 and has suppressed all the rest4#e ,i need not give other instances4 ,bute might have pointed to his own laborious work on ,scottish ,chronology in illustration of his theory of how history should be written--the immense folio volumes1 specially constructed for the purpose1 in which day by day and year by year he inserted dates1 with the barest and briefest statement of facts bearing on the history of ,scotland and her early kings1 as he encountered them in the course of his omnivorous reading4 ,he could hardly have seriously maintained the paradox that history in this skeleton #adc form was the only true history worthy of the name4 ,but no historic student 7and he disclaimed for himself any higher title7 ever aimed more anxiously than he did1 in every line that he wrote1 to set forth the plain facts of history absolutely uncoloured by any views or prepossessions of his own4 ,it was this marked characteristic1 coupled 7it is not necessary to say contrasted7 with his complete and unquestioning loyalty to the teachings of his ,church1 which1 especially to those who knew him1 gave a unique interest to everything that came from his pen4 ,genuine erudition--a virile independence of thought and judgment--an engaging personal diffidence and a complete absence of anything like obtrusion of the writer's own opinions1 combined with a gift of expression and a command of language which often soars to real1 if sober1 eloquence--these qualities may all be found in the essays which he wrote during the years which were the most intellectually productive of his life2 and it is well that they have been rescued from the pozzo profondo of the pages of a provincial periodical of limited circulation1 and are accessible1 in two handsome volumes1#f to all who care to read them4 ,sidenote3 #ahhh1 ,tribute from ,lord ,rosebery ,it may be well at this point1 and in this connection1 to cite an interesting tribute to ,bute's literary abilities paid by one who had been among the earliest friends of his dawning manhood1 and whose own distinction in the world of letters gives a particular value to his judgment4 ,lord ,rosebery said of him as follows3--#g #add ,the late ,lord ,bute was a remarkable character to the world at large1 whether they knew him well or did not4 ,to some it may often have seemed that he was out of place in the nineteenth century4 ,his mind1 his thoughts1 his studies were so entirely thrown back into a past more or less remote2 and ,i think1 had he had more incentive to make known the objects and subjects of his researches1 he would have left no mean name in the republic of letters4 ,and even as it is he has left behind him a rectorial address to the ,university of ,st4 ,andrews1 which contains1 ,i think1 one of the strangest1 most pathetic1 most striking passages of eloquence with which ,i am acquainted in any modern deliverance4 ,this is high praise2 but to those who are familiar with the passages to which ,lord ,rosebery refers1 it will not seem exaggerated or misplaced4 ,they form the peroration to ,bute's inaugural address delivered at ,st4 ,andrews on the occasion of his election to the lord-rectorship of that ,university2 and they run as follows3-- ,on the #eth of ,march1 in this year1 ,i took a walk with ,professor ,knight to ,drumcarrow4 ,it was a fine1 sunny day4 ,we stood among the remains of the prehistoric fort1 and looked over the bright view1 the glorious landscape enriched by so many memories1 the city of ,st4 ,andrews enthroned upon her sea-girt promontory1 the ,german ,ocean stretching to the horizon1 from where it chafes upon the cliffs which support her walls4 ,and we remarked how ,god and man1 how nature and history1 had alike marked this place as an ideal home of learning and culture4 ,and then the view and the name of the ,apostle together carried my thoughts away to another land and a narrower and land-locked sea4 ,i do not mean that where ,patrai1 the scene of ,andrew's death1 looks from the shores of ,achaia towards the home of #ade ,ulysses over waters rendered for ever glorious by the victory of ,lepanto4 ,i do not mean the ,city of ,constantine1 where the first ,christian ,emperor enshrined his body1 and where the union of ineffably debased luxury and ineffably debased misery1 which drains into the ,sea of ,marmora1 excites a disgust which almost chokes grief and humiliation4 ,neither do ,i mean those sun-baked precipices which1 by the shores of the ,gulf of ,salerno1 beetle over the grave where lies the body that was conformed in death to the likeness of the death of the ,lord4 ,i mean the land of ,andrew's birth--the hot1 brown hills1 which1 far below the general sea-level of the world1 gird in the ,lake of ,gennesareth--that strange landscape which also is not unknown to me1 the environing circle of arid steeps1 at whose feet1 nevertheless1 the occasional brakes of oleander raise above the line of the waters their masses of pink blossom1 and whence the eye can see the snows of ,hermon glistering against the sky far away2--and ,i pray that some words which he heard uttered upon one of those hills may be realised here--that the physical situation of this place may be but a parable of its moral position--and that it may yet be said of the ,house of the ,apostle that the rain descended1 and the floods came1 and the winds blew1 and beat upon that house2 and it fell not1 for it was founded upon a rock4#h ,in #ahhh ,mr4 ,gardner of ,paisley1 publisher of the ,review1 was honoured with the appointment of publisher to the ,queen4 ,bute1 who was interested in every detail concerning the periodical1 wrote to the editor with one of his quaint comments3 ,september #cj1 #ahhh4 ,i think it would be just as well that ,gardner should put his ,royal title at the foot of the title-page1 as in his other publications1 and just in the same way4 #adf ,i suppose ,h4,m4 will not consider that she is thus made responsible for all the opinions to be found within4 ,if she does1 it will be time for her to say so when it strikes her4 ,i have just attacked a great frequenter and pillar of the ,athenaeum ,club for not having us taken in there2 and ,i hope he will succeed in wiping this reproach from the institution4 ,bute's control of the ,scottish ,review was maintained until the end of his life4 ,the seventy-second and final number appeared in ,october1 #aijj1 the month in which he died4 ,occasional entries in his diaries show that he had incurred very heavy expenses in connection with the ,review--perhaps1 from first to last1 almost as heavy as those entailed on him by the establishment and support1 twenty years before1 of a ,conservative daily newspaper in the heart of ,liberal ,wales4 ,as he had not grudged that outlay in what he believed to be a good cause1 so he did not consider the money expended on this literary enterprise to have been expended in vain4 ,if the ,scottish ,review under his control had not proved precisely a commercial success--and perhaps he had never really expected that it would--its conduct and management had at least provided him with congenial work and occupation during a period extending over several years4 ,it afforded him a convenient vehicle for the publication of his curious researches into some of the obscurer corners of ecclesiastical and general history3 it brought him into contact1 either personally or by correspondence1 with many distinguished scholars and men of letters whom he might otherwise have had no opportunity of knowing3 it led indirectly to the forming of at least one intimate friendship which was the source of pleasure and interest to him until the #adg end of his life2 and it brought him opportunities which he valued of playing the part of an unostentatious ,maecenas--in other words1 of giving practical encouragement to literary beginners in whom he discerned actual ability or promise for the future1 enabling them to make their first public appearance in a periodical of repute1 and thus assisting them to mount at least the first slopes of the ,parnassus to which they aspired4 ,sidenote3 #ahhi1 ,death of ,bishop ,grant ,reserved1 undemonstrative1 and cold as ,bute was often deemed1 there is abundant evidence that his colleagues and collaborators on the ,scottish ,review appreciated highly the uniform courtesy1 consideration1 and kindness which they received at his hands4 ,his real warmth of heart and loyal affection to his friends are well shown in the touching letter which he wrote on hearing of the death of his old and dear friend ,bishop ,colin ,grant1 who had not only contributed to the ,review1 but had given him1 for many years past1 constant and very highly valued assistance in his researches into the early history of ,scotland4 ,september #bh1 #ahhi4 ,my own feelings are divided between grief for the loss of my old and esteemed personal friend1 and a sense of desolation1 almost amounting to despair1 at the loss which ,scottish historical science has sustained4 ,there must be among his papers masses of notes which ought not to be lost to the world4 ,i have written to his nephew to implore him not to let a single scrap of paper be destroyed4 ,as for himself1 if we can only put aside our grief at the loss to ourselves1 and at the apparent loss to the ,church upon earth1 we can only feel a curious joy as we picture his admission1 far beyond the sphere where time works1 into the blessed company of the just made perfect 7especially those of our own land1 on whose #adh earthly lives he loved so much to dwell#i7 and above all1 into the very presence of their ,divine ,head1 the great ,shepherd of the sheep1 ,whom to please he so humbly and cheerfully devoted a lifetime in striving to serve ,his flock4 ,sidenote3 ,scottish ,home ,rule ,a short time before writing this tribute to his old friend and fellow-worker1 ,bute had attended a meeting held at ,dundee to advocate the claims of ,scotland to ,home ,rule--a claim which he regarded with a great deal of interest and not a little sympathy1 as is evident from the article he wrote for the ,scottish ,review 7,october1 #ahhi7 on ,parliament in ,scotland4 ,he thus gives his impressions of the meeting3 ,the ,home ,rule meeting in ,dundee seemed to me to be really a sort of battle between ,dr4 ,clark and the ,edinburgh ,executive on the one hand1 who gave me the impression of being well-informed1 able1 and educated people1 either ,tories or very moderate ,liberals1 with whom ,i get on perfectly2 and on the other hand the great body of delegates1 who seemed to me to be extreme ,radicals unconscious of their own ignorance4 ,mrs4 ,maxwell ,scott has read the proof of my forthcoming article1 and is exceedingly pleased with it4 ,the ,home ,rule people all wanted to know whether the ,scottish ,review could not be turned into their monthly organ6 but ,i replied that such a change would be equivalent to annihilation of what the ,s4,r4 was designed to be1 has always been1 and is4 ,bute had already accepted an engagement to preside this year 7#ahhi7 at the ,st4 ,andrew's ,day dinner of the ,scottish ,corporation in ,london1 but #adi was extremely dubious as to what kind of reception he would have from a company of whom many were doubtless quite out of sympathy with the views on ,scottish ,home ,rule set forth in this article4 ,his letter on this subject1 expressing his obvious relief at the manner in which things had turned out1 makes amusing reading3 ,chiswick ,house1 ,december #a1 #ahhi4 ,the ,st4 ,andrew's ,day dinner came off last night4 ,i had been extremely nervous about it1 so that ,i could really take up nothing else until it was over4 ,this was folly1 and really almost sinful folly1 because the desire to be liked is only vanity at bottom1 and vanity is a bastard cousin to pride4 ,but ,i knew also 7and there ,i was on fair enough ground7 that1 although politics were not to be mentioned1 the thing was in fact to be a political demonstration1 and that it was not yours truly1 ,john ,m4 of ,b41 who was to be placed in the chair1 but the author of ,parliament in ,scotland2 and the question was1 how the ,scottish commercial colony in ,london would receive him4 ,it had even been publicly suggested in print that the charity should be boycotted because ,i had been asked to take the chair1 although1 no doubt1 7the writer charitably added17 that must have been done before the article appeared4 ,well1 the festival duly came off1 and ,i think ,i was never more cheered in my life4 ,they cheered for quite long periods every time ,i had to come forward1 from the time ,i entered the drawing-room before the dinner4 ,and ,i will not quote the language which was used to me about the speech which ,i made4 ,the interest which ,bute had always felt in ,st4 ,magnus of ,orkney since his visit1 or pilgrimage1 to the scene of the saint's martyrdom in his under-graduate days1#aj was evinced by the new and careful #aej investigations which he undertook in #ahhf1 in view of an article on the subject in his ,review4 ,his cautious1 yet reverent1 attitude towards the supernatural is well shown in a passage of a letter to his publisher1 relating to the local tradition about a perennially green spot of ground said to mark the site of ,magnus's death in the isle of ,egilsay3 ,i own that1 with such information as ,i have ever had1 together with my own recollections of the place1 ,i am inclined to think that the phenomenon is1 if not strictly miraculous1 in the strongest sense of the word1 a special intervention of ,divine ,providence1 which may be called a preternatural testimony of ,god's favour towards ,his martyred servant4 ,bute later entered into negotiations for the purchase of the site above referred to1 with a view to its preservation2 but this was not carried out4 ,he also wrote at considerable length to his correspondents in ,orkney1 throwing great doubts 7as he had done nineteen years previously7 on the supposed bones 7or reliques1 as he calls them7 of ,st4 ,magnus preserved at ,kirkwall--chiefly on account of the degenerate type of the skull4 ,it may be1 he characteristically says1 that this only indicates a triumph of grace over nature4 ,but it seems to me to be incompatible1 ,i will not say with holiness1 but with the intellectual1 high-minded1 and beautiful character and tastes of the ,martyr4 ,on these and other grounds he urges that the local photographer of the skull must be strictly enjoined not to circulate the photograph under false pretences4 #aea ,sidenote3 ,relics of ,st4 ,magnus ,a letter which ,bute addressed 7in ,latin7 to the ,cardinal ,archbishop of ,prague as to reputed reliques of ,st4 ,magnus preserved in the cathedral there elicited no response4 ,the reliques of ,st4 ,magnus themselves1 ,bute wrote in some displeasure1 could not be more voiceless than the ,cardinal of ,prague in regard to my 7,i hope7 courteously-worded request4 ,through ,cardinal ,manning1 however1 information finally reached him that the relics at ,prague 7venerated there for several centuries7 included a shoulder-blade4 ,this was missing from the bones in ,kirkwall ,cathedral--so far satisfactory2 but they also included a shin-bone 7crus71 whereas the shin-bones 7crura7 at ,kirkwall were complete and intact4#aa ,bute's final conclusion 7and the incident is recorded as showing the curious interest with which he pursued such minute investigations7 was that the bones at ,kirkwall were not ,st4 ,magnus's at all1 but probably those of ,earl ,st4 ,rognwald1 nephew to ,st4 ,magnus1 another ,norse saint and hero venerated in the same locality4 ,he thought it worth while to insert in the ,review a letter from ,orkney informing him that there was a tradition in ,egilsay that one would always find an open flower on the site of the martyrdom1 and that the writer had found there on ,december #aj1 after heavy snow and gales1 several daisies in full bloom4#ab #aeb ,the first two years of ,bute's connection with the ,scottish ,review were perhaps among the busiest of his life1 not only because of the assiduous care which1 as we have seen1 he devoted to the conduct and control of that journal1 but also by reason of the increasing duties which devolved on him in connection with his extensive estates4 ,to the latter he made very considerable additions at this period1 increasing his ,buteshire property in #ahhf by the acquisition of the island of ,cumbrae from the trustees of the sixth ,earl of ,glasgow1 and also purchasing in the following year the important estate of ,falkland in ,fife1 to which was annexed an office of the greatest interest to him1 the hereditary keepership of the ancient palace of ,falkland4 ,in ,cardiff1 also1 there was a great increase of business connected with the reorganisation of the vast docks4 ,the new ,roath ,dock was opened in #ahhg by his six-year-old heir1 ,lord ,dumfries 7his first appearance in public71 and on the same day his youthful daughter cut the first sod of ,roath ,park1 for which he had made a free gift of land valued at ,l#ej1jjj4 ,his generosity was further shown after the disastrous failure of the ,cardiff ,savings ,bank1 when it was sought to make him liable as honorary president of the institution4 ,as soon as it was judicially decided that there was no claim whatever against him1 he voluntarily contributed ,l#c1jjj towards making up the deficiency4 ,in the previous year he had manifested his liberality towards his ,scottish tenants by obtaining 7in view #aec of the prevalent agricultural depression7 an independent valuation of his farms in ,bute1 and reducing the rents by a third4 ,it was not without reason that the local ,liberal newspaper1 in many respects even vehemently hostile to him1 described him as a just and generous landowner2 whilst in ,cardiff this handsome tribute was paid to him by one extremely well qualified to pronounce an opinion3 ,as regarded his estates1 he was1 of course1 a most excellent and liberal landlord1 as all who had the privilege of being his tenants would certainly admit4 ,illustration3 ,,falkland ,,palace4 ,sidenote3 #ahhi1 ,a cathedral foundation ,much of ,bute's correspondence at this period is taken up with a scheme which he had greatly at heart1 namely1 the establishment of the full liturgical service of the ,church at ,oban1 where his diocesan 7the ,bishop of ,argyll and the ,isles7 had his see1 and where he himself had built a handsome church4 ,he was concerned that the canonical office of the ,roman ,breviary1 for which he had so high a veneration1 should not be recited daily in a single cathedral church throughout ,britain2#ac and he incurred a great deal of trouble and expense in his efforts that this reproach should be wiped out at least in one church in ,scotland4 ,he defrayed the whole cost of organ and organist1 choirmen and chorister-boys1 instituted and supported a convent-school for the education of the last-named1 and paid a chaplain for the exclusive work of presiding in choir and singing the daily ,mass4 ,the question of providing a chaplain #aed exercised him much1 and he wrote to a friend in ,italy on this point3 ,may #h1 #ahhf4 ,i imagined that1 the duties being light and the remuneration 7,i venture to think7 adequate1 a chaplain could easily be found2 but the difficulties seem endless4 ,whether the cause be chronic ill-health1 constitutional indolence1 or an entire want of interest in the ,liturgy1 ,i know not2 but so far no priest has been found in ,england or ,scotland able or willing to celebrate the daily sung ,mass4 ,kindly set on foot inquiries among the unattached clergy of ,rome1 popularly known as preti di piazza--many of them1 ,i believe1 estimable priests1 unoccupied through no fault of their own--and see if one can be found to supply our needs4 ,unexceptionable references would be1 of course1 required4 ,this and other difficulties were in time overcome1 and the daily choral office was duly carried out for a period extending over several years1 and was much appreciated by the numerous ,catholic visitors who frequented ,oban during the summer and autumn4 ,unfortunately it was not found possible to continue the daily services for any long time after the death of the founder4 ,bute expressed1 with his usual frankness1 his sentiments on the subject of the rather nondescript festivals commonly known as church openings3 ,chiswick ,house1 ,april #ag1 #ahhf4 ,i am suffering much at present from the persistent wish of my ,lord of ,argyll to have what he calls an opening of the tin temple#ad in ,august--i4e4 #aee during the tourist and shooting season4 ,this anomalous celebration is not designed in honour of the inauguration for public worship1 which was last ,sunday2 nor its ecclesiastical blessing1 which is arranged for an earlier date1 nor the inception of the ,divine office--but something in the nature of the opening of the ,westminster ,aquarium1 a new ,dissenting ,chapel1 municipal washhouses1 or a fancy fair1 with 7,i presume7 tickets1 placards1 and posters1 and probably excursion-trains4 ,the bishop seems moved by a conviction that the local ,protestants are anticipating a junketing of this kind with even more eagerness than the ,catholics4 ,but he is a gentleman2 and ,i am sure when he knows how ,i hate the whole thing he will give it up4 ,sidenote3 #ahhf1 ,church building in ,scotland ,besides the pro-cathedral at ,oban1 ,bute was interesting himself this year 7#ahhf7 in building a church at a mining town in ,ayrshire1 near ,loudoun ,castle1 the ancestral home of his mother's family4 ,discarding1 as usual1 conventional ideas1 he chose for his model the great church of ,st4 ,sophia at ,constantinople1 of which the church at ,galston was a carefully-executed miniature copy4 ,one of the first solemn services held in it was a ,requiem ,mass celebrated for ,lord ,loudoun's sister1 ,flora ,duchess of ,norfolk1 who died on ,april #aa1 #ahhg4 ,lord and ,lady ,bute attended her funeral at ,arundel1 and also that of ,clara ,lady ,howard of ,glossop1 ,lady ,bute's sister-in-law1 whose death occurred a few days later4 #a ,the ,earliest ,scottish ,coronations3 ,the ,coronation of ,charles ,i4 at ,holyrood2 ,the ,coronation of ,charles ,,ii4 at ,scone4 ,these appeared in the ,review1 #ahhg-ahhh1 and were reprinted1 with an additional article and an ,appendix1 in #aijb1 after ,bute's death4 #b ,giordano ,bruno before the ,venetian ,inquisition 7,july1 #ahhh73 ,the ,ultimate ,fate of ,giordano ,bruno 7,october1 #ahhh74 #c ,in his first trial 7at ,venice7 ,bruno tried to defend himself on the principle of two-fold truth1 maintaining that he had held and taught the errors imputed to him as a philosopher1 and not as an honest ,christian4 #d ,it does not appear on the official ,index ,librorum ,prohibitorum published at the ,vatican ,press4 #e ,this may seem a severe judgment2 but some contemporary ,french critics of ,mr4 ,froude had much harder things to say about his literary honesty4 ,l'historien d' ,henry ,,viii4 et d',elizabeth1 wrote ,m4 de ,wyzewa1 etait victime de ce q'un critique a appele 'la folie d'inexactitude4' ,il ne pouvait pas copier un document sans y introduire des variantes qui souvent en alteraient le sens4--,rev4 des ,deux ,mondes1 tom4 xv4 7#aijc71 p4 #icg4 #f ,essays on ,foreign ,subjects 7#aija71 and ,essays on ,home ,subjects 7#aijd74 #g ,the occasion of this striking utterance was an annual meeting of the ,scottish ,history ,society1 held subsequent to ,bute's death4 #h ,reprinted in ,essays on ,home ,subjects 7#aijd71 pp4 #bfc1 #bfd4 #i ,bishop ,grant was1 among other things1 a noted hagiographer1 having made profound studies of the lives and acts of the early ,celtic saints of ,scotland4 #aj ,see ante1 p4 #ej4 ,the writing of the article on ,st4 ,magnus was entrusted to ,mrs4 ,maxwell ,scott of ,abbotsford1 but illness prevented her from completing it1 and ,bute himself1 as he says1 saw it through4 ,it was published in ,january1 #ahhg4 #aa ,although the high authority of the ,bollandists 7,acta ,sanctorum1 ,april1 tom4 ,,ii4 p4 #dce7 is on the side of the relics at ,prague being actually those of ,st4 ,magnus of ,orkney1 ,king and ,martyr1 it is impossible not to remember that there was another ,st4 ,magnus 7popularly known as ,st4 ,mang71 monk of ,st4 ,gall and ,apostle of the ,algau1 who was greatly venerated in ,germany1 and whose cultus would seem more antecedently probable at ,prague than that of the holy ,norse ,earl4 #ab ,in ,march1 #aiai1 thirty-three years after ,bute's second investigation of the supposed relics of ,st4 ,magnus1 a discovery was made fully justifying his grave doubts as to the identity of the bones interred in the north pillar of the choir of ,kirkwall ,cathedral4 ,a casket was found in one of the southern pillars of the choir1 containing remains 7including a skull with a clean cut in the parietal bone and a sword-cut through the jaw17 which there seems reason to believe may be the actual relics of ,st4 ,magnus4 #ac ,at ,belmont ,abbey1 until recently cathedral of the diocese of ,newport 7in which ,cardiff lay71 the daily ,divine office has been chanted by monks without intermission for more than sixty years2 but their office is of course the ,benedictine1 not the ,roman4 ,the latter has been recited daily1 and continuously1 in ,westminster ,cathedral since its opening in #aijb4 #ad ,the ,oban pro-cathedral was a provisional structure of iron1 but its interior was handsomely and even richly fitted up at ,bute's expense4 ,he usually gave the name of tin temples to the iron chapels which he set up in various parts of the country4 #aef ,,chapter ,,ix ,,foreign ,,travel--,,st4 ,,john',s ,,lodge--,,mayor ,,of ,,cardiff #ahhh-ahia ,notwithstanding the increasing and incessant claims on his time and attention of literature1 business1 and family duties1 there were few1 if any1 years in which ,bute was not able to secure an interval of what to him was real enjoyment1 in foreign travel4 ,even from such journeys--and they were not infrequent--as were undertaken purely for reasons of health1 he seldom failed to derive both pleasure and profit4 ,i am ordered abroad at once1 he wrote on one occasion1 to drink the waters of ,chales1 in ,savoy4 ,they are1 ,i believe1 exceptionally nasty1 but you know how ,i like being abroad1 and ,i am quite in spirits at the prospect of the trip4 ,he never travelled very far afield1 his most distant journeyings having been1 perhaps1 to ,petersburg 7in ,lord ,rosebery's company7 and to ,teneriffe in #ahia4 ,the countries bordering on the ,mediterranean1 ,france and ,italy1 ,spain and ,portugal1 ,palestine1 ,egypt and ,greece1 were the scenes of most of his foreign sojournings2 and in them all he found sources of continual and inexhaustible interest4 ,he had travelled a good deal abroad with his mother in his childhood1 and often recalls in his diary these early visits3 #aeg ,july #cj1 #ahhf4 ,the very same rooms at the ,belle ,vue1 ,brussels1 as we had when ,i came here in childhood4444 ,the house is full of ,americans1 as like one another 7to ,english eyes7 as ,chinese or negroes4 ,it is impossible to tell them apart4#a ,at ,dresden also1 a few months later1 he records his vivid recollections of an early visit to that capital4 ,this was the year of his first pilgrimage to the shrine of ,wagner at ,bayreuth 7he attended the festival there also in #ahhh and #ahia74 ,many of his letters to the editor of the ,scottish ,review are dated from foreign addresses2 and interspersed in these with business and literary details are numerous picturesque notes on the customs and doings of the people among whom he was living4 ,the descriptions of the religious observances of the inhabitants of ,sorrento have a certain piquancy1 when one remembers that they were addressed to a minister of the ,scottish ,presbyterian ,church4 ,bute wrote on such matters currente calamo1 and took for granted--no doubt with reason--that his friend would be as much interested in such matters as he was himself4 ,rome1 ,february #ae1 #ahhh4 ,we had a magnificent voyage1 which made me feel immediately in a most robust and lively condition4 ,i find1 however1 that a calm in the ,bay of ,biscay1 such as we had1 is considered ill-omened by the sailors2 and one of the passengers committed #aeh suicide on the night before we left ,gibraltar4 ,curiously enough1 the same thing happened in the same circumstances on another occasion which ,i remember of a calm in the same spot4 ,we landed at ,naples last ,saturday4 ,the lewdness1 cruelty1 etc41 of the ,neapolitans seems as bad as usual2 but some non-,neapolitan clergy have lately been introduced1 who say ,mass very reverently1 and preach and pray in the vernacular4 ,i hear they are beginning to do much good4 ,we arrived here yesterday1 and are fasting to-day 7,ash ,wednesday7 in great discomfort4 ,rome is crowded4 ,the ,scotch deputation 7about #adj persons7 is to be received by the ,pope to-morrow at #aj4cj a4m4 ,bute read the address to ,pope ,leo ,,xiii4 on behalf of the ,scottish pilgrimage1 which had come to ,rome to join with the rest of ,christendom in congratulating the venerable ,pontiff on the celebration of his sacerdotal jubilee4 ,from ,sorrento1 where he afterwards spent several weeks1 he wrote to ,dr4 ,metcalfe on ,holy ,saturday3 ,the people had their fill 7,i should hope7 of services1 and especially of preaching1 yesterday 7,good ,friday74 ,they began with a procession round the town at #d a4m41 which ,i did not join1 commemorative of the procession to ,calvary4 ,the ,liturgy began in the cathedral at #h1 and ended at #aa4 ,at #a a man began preaching in the cathedral and went on till #d4ae--;,i wonder he could do it4 ,the church was full1 and all1 even small boys and girls1 very attentive4 ,he preached nine sermons1 or rather one enormous sermon in nine points1 with short and very sweet ,italian anthems sung between each4 ,many of the congregation were affected to tears4 ,the service of ,tenebrae began at #e and lasted an hour and a half2 then they began another procession through the streets1 this time in commemoration of ,christ being #aei borne to the grave4 ,a spectator said to me quite cheerily that this procession was going the round of seven churches2 and that there would be a sermon in each4 ,at #i4cj p4m4 ,i heard from our garden the town band 7which accompanied the procession7 still playing in the distance sacred music and funeral marches4 ,the people are now buying at the confectioners' small lambs made of the least indigestible sugar procurable1 so that they may eat the lamb this night without violating the ,lenten law of abstinence from flesh meat4 ,sidenote3 #ahhh1 ,easter at ,sorrento ,a long letter addressed to the same correspondent on ,easter ,monday seems worth reproducing almost in its entirety4 ,it affords testimony1 more convincing than any words of a biographer could be1 of ,bute's extraordinary interest in the religious services of his ,church1 and of the vivid and even moving eloquence which inspired his pen when describing the worship and the devotion of the simple ,campanian folk among whom he was temporarily sojourning3 ,the people go on hearing sermons4 ,there were at least two delivered in the ,cathedral on ,sunday1 at #g and #aj a4m4 ,these preachments have their peculiar features1 besides their length4 ,they seem very often to conclude with an extempore prayer4 ,i call it extempore1 although it is of course prepared beforehand1 and1 in the works at any rate of ,st4 ,alfonso ,liguori1 these prayers are printed along with the sermons to which they belong2 but no ,,ms4 is used4 ,when the prayer begins the people generally kneel down1 and sometimes the preacher asks them to join with him1 in which case he prays very slowly1 and they repeat after him4 ,one day ,i went into the large ,church of the ,saviour at ,meta4 ,there was barely standing-room4 ,a man was preaching against #afj blasphemous swearing4 ,after a time he dictated to the congregation a sort of pledge never to commit this sin again1 and many of them repeated it after him4 ,he then1 after the manner of old precentors ,i have heard of in the ,highlands1 when the people could not read1 sang an hymn line by line1 the people singing every line after him4 ,after this he knelt down in the pulpit and offered a long and vehement extempore prayer2 and when this was over he rose and began on the same subject again4 ,i then left4 ,sidenote3 #ahhh1 ,church services at ,sorrento ,on the ,feast of ,st4 ,benedict there were special services in the ,benedictine convent church here4 ,before ,benediction1 the ,archbishop officiating1 the whole congregation sang the ,te ,deum together by heart1 in ,latin4 ,then the ,archbishop began to preach1 from the altar--a series of puns on the name of ,benedict 7,benedetto1 ,blessed71 very well done4 ,he spoke of the blessedness of the servants of ,god1 here and hereafter1 and in reference1 no doubt1 to the nuns behind their grating as well as to the women in the church1 made allusion to the special blessedness of the women who serve ,god4 ,this was followed by a long extempore prayer1 the people 7who had stood while he preached7 sinking on their knees4 ,he besought a blessing on himself and his flock1 naming the different classes of his people in turn with great simplicity and fervour4 ,the final supplication that all--not one being missing from the flock--might at last be brought together in the glory of heaven1 was very moving4 ,then he gave the ,sacramental benediction4 ,the use of the vernacular seems to be very considerable4 ,at the parochial ,mass on ,sundays1 besides the sermon1 and ,italian prayers before ,mass begins1 at certain moments the whole congregation repeat ,italian prayers together4 ,the similarity of their language to ,latin robs the latter of much of its terror4 ,many of the commoner ,latin hymns1 etc41 they seem all to know by heart quite familiarly4 #afa ,i have spoken of the ,te ,deum4 ,on ,saturday they all sang the ,litany1 repeating every clause after the precentors4 ,on ,thursday1 while the ,sacrament for next day's ,communion was being carried to the ,chapel of ,repose1 the whole congregation sang on their knees the hymn of ,thomas ,aquinas upon the ,last ,supper2 and the sublimity of the words1 the spectacle of the kneeling multitude1 and the solemnity of the procession moving through the church1 made a very impressive whole4 ,the clergy here are all extremely clean and respectable-looking1 and very decorous and reverential1 both out of church and in4 ,and this remark applies also to the whole of the ,divinity students1 and the whole choir and staff of the ,cathedral4 ,the music--even when poor--is very grave and solemn2 the services are conducted 7and evidently prepared7 with the utmost care1 and a certain effect of subdued splendour is produced--with the air of being produced incidentally and unintentionally--by the real costliness and richness1 combined with scrupulous cleanliness and neatness1 of every object and garment employed1 in their several degrees4 ,the admirably conducted services in the ,cathedral have had a damaging effect on the ,anglican chapel1 some of the congregation of which have been assiduously attending them1 to the not unnatural annoyance of the clergyman in charge1 whose own domestic circle is not unaffected by the contagion4 ,the erratic sheep1 when summoned to private interviews of remonstrance1 meet their pastor with questions as to what possible grounds ,bishop ,sandford of ,gibraltar can have for pretending to possess and exercise ,episcopal authority in the diocese of ,sorrento4 ,i hope these details may interest you4 ,it may be said that practically every one of ,bute's journeyings to foreign lands either partook #afb more or less of the nature of a pilgrimage1 or else was made in search of health4 ,pre-eminent among the first class were his frequent visits to the ,holy ,land1 of which some account has already been given4 ,except for occasional references in his letters1 we have little about these from his own pen4 ,my latest pilgrimage to the ,holy ,places1 he writes on one occasion1 has been extraordinarily blessed to me4 ,it is of interest in this connection to cite some passages inserted in the fly-leaf of a copy of ,stanley's ,sinai and ,palestine1 presented by ,bute to a friend4 ,they are not in his own handwriting--except the ,latin quotation 7from ,st4 ,luke xii4 #cd7 at the end--nor is there any evidence as to their authorship2 but their sentiment is undoubtedly one which would strongly appeal to him3 ,the attractions of ,rome and ,jerusalem are not comparable1 and should not be compared4 ,the interest of ,rome is of course by far the more varied4 ,not all who journey thither go to venerate the ,tombs of the ,apostles4 ,there are those to whom the ,palace of the ,caesars appeals more than do basilicas built by ,popes1 who regard the ,colosseum rather as the monument of emperors than as the palaestra of martyrs1 to whom the ,mamertine prison speaks of ,catiline rather than of ,st4 ,peter4#b ,people throng #afc to ,rome not only to pray1 but to study art1 antiquities1 and music1 to enjoy the most cosmopolitan society in ,europe1 sometimes to hunt foxes on the ,campagna4 ,jerusalem1 on the other hand1 is a city of faith1 and 7roughly speaking7 all who visit it do so as pilgrims4 ,illuc enim ascenderunt tribus1 tribus ,domini4 ,rome has a thousand charms--,jerusalem one1 but that one transcendent4 ,its sacred soil has been trodden by the feet of ,god made man1 and it is the ,holy ,city as no other city can ever be4 ,ubi enim thesaurus vesler est1 ibi cor vestrum erit4#c ,the last words1 written by ,bute himself at the foot of the manuscript just quoted1 are of particular interest1 referring1 as they doubtless do1 to his long-cherished resolve that his heart1 after his death1 should mingle with the sacred dust of the ,mount of ,olives4 ,sidenote3 ,at ,ober-,ammergau ,the visits to the ,ober-,ammergau ,passion-play1 which ,bute made in #ahga1 in company with ,bishop ,clifford and two ,oxford friends1 again in #ahhj with his wife1 and also in #ahij1 were undertaken1 too1 in the pilgrim spirit4 ,we start for ,ober-,ammergau on ,monday1 he wrote on ,september #aa1 #ahhj1 and are both hoping to reap spiritual good from our stay there4 ,a letter to his old friend at ,oxford on his return home gives some interesting impressions3 ,the new theatre looks like a railway station1 and the stage arrangements are considerably more elaborate than they were nine years ago4 ,the crowd1 too1 was infinitely greater1 but its behaviour was on the whole decent1 except for some attempts to applaud 7emanating1 ,i fear1 from our countrymen71 #afd which were extremely distressing4 ,the play itself was not less impressive than ,i remember it2 and ,i was pleased with the simplicity and piety of the people1 who seem unspoilt by the leap within recent years of their retired village into fame4 ,i ventured to express1 through a ,german-speaking friend1 my satisfaction on this point to one of the most respected inhabitants of the place 7one of the principal actors72 and his reply 7of which my friend gave me a translation7 pleased me very much4 ,god be thanked1 he said1 that is true2 but it would not be so if we accepted the many offers made to us to give representations of the ,passion-play in various cities of ,europe4 ,also it is well for our people that the play is given but once in ten years2 for in the intervals we lead our accustomed quiet life in this valley1 and a new generation of children has time to grow up in the old traditions of the place4#d ,bute refers later1 in letters written from ,bayreuth1 to what he calls the outrage of applause from the audience during the performance of ,parsifal1 in terms which indicates how strongly he felt the religious appeal of the ,wagnerian drama3 ,bayreuth1 ,july #bc1 #ahhh4 ,on ,sunday the illiterate part of the audience insisted on applauding ,acts ,,ii4 and ,,iii4 of ,parsifal1 in spite of all the protests of the cultured hearers2 and the effect was most distressing and shocking4 ,the #afe allusions to the ,eucharist are of such a nature that it was almost as unseemly as it would be to clap a church choir during the ,communion ,service2 and putting aside the gross irreverence and unseemliness of such conduct1 it is an outrage and fraud on the public1 who are at these moments wrapped in religious thought1 and whom it is brutal and shameful to disturb by a revolting noise4 ,in his diary for #ahia1 ,bute notes that he had written a letter to ,frau ,wagner1 begging her to take steps to prevent any applause during the representation of ,parsifal2 but it is not recorded if this appeal had the desired effect4 ,sidenote3 ,incognito in ,sicily ,the travels on the ,continent were carried out without any sort of ostentation2 and ,bute found it even expedient occasionally to preserve his incognito when abroad4 ,thus he wrote on one occasion to one of his oldest friends3 ,ascension ,day1 #ahhb4 ,aci ,reale1 ,sicily4 ,the outside of your letter gave me1 ,i confess1 less pleasure than any ,i have ever had from you4 ,you know the state of ,sicily1 and the way brigands have with people whom they believe to have money4 ,consequently1 when ordered here by the doctors ,i was urged both in ,naples and ,messina to drop my title absolutely2 and ,i am known here only as ,b4 ,crichton ,stuart4 ,you may thus imagine the discontent with which ,i saw ,the ,marquess of ,bute staring me in the face out of the letter-rack in the hall4 ,pray be most careful both to address me only as ,b4,c4,s41 and also to keep your knowledge of my whereabouts most strictly to yourself4 ,i need not point out the great annoyance and possible danger to which you might otherwise expose me4 ,i have been very ailing for more than a year4 #aff ,sometimes ,i feel as though the horizon of life were closing in1 and wish ,i could recall the rest of the verse beginning3 ,when languor and disease invade ,this trembling house of clay4444#e ,but the warmth and sunshine here are helping me4 ,i propose1 when my cure is over 7for good or evil71 to go to ,greece1 and look for quarters in ,athens where ,i may spend the winter with my wife and child4 ,i prefer this place to ,italy1 at least to ,naples1 whose people on the whole impress me as the off-scourings of humanity4 ,the great difference between ,sicily and ,italy strikes me very much3 it is1 perhaps1 due to the fact that ,sicily belongs 7,i believe71 both geographically and geologically1 to ,africa4 ,from ,egypt1 where he spent one spring1 being ordered a spell of dry desert air by the doctors1 he wrote characteristically to a friend 7a ,benedictine monk71 then resident in a remote corner of ,brazil3 ,helouan1 ,egypt4 ,i deserve your reproaches for not writing before4 ,but really one has a feeling 7,i know ,i have7 that writing to a distant address is1 literally and physically1 an heavier undertaking than writing to a near one4 ,query3 ,if some philosophers are right in thinking that space1 as well as time1 is purely subjective1 may not this have something to do with it8 ,one or two notes from his diary in ,egypt are interesting3 ,march #g4 ,amin ,nassif brought a professed #afg sorcerer to see me 7a later note adds1 ,i believe him to be a pure impostor74 ,march #ae4 ,tried the ascent of the great ,pyramid1 but collapsed from giddiness half-way4 ,margaret his daughter1 then aged sixteen had no difficulty4#f ,april #f4 ,monophysite ,copts do not now reserve the ,b4 ,sacrament 7although they formerly did so71 because the species was once eaten by a snake1 which was then eaten by a priest1 who died in consequence6 ,april #bd 7,alexandria74 ,at the ,greek ,catholic church the new ,french ,consul was received with extraordinary honour by three priests1 vested respectively in red1 white1 and blue6 ,there was no sermon1 but a speech in which the benefits conferred by ,france on ,syria and ,egypt were highly praised4 ,sidenote3 #ahia1 ,trip to ,teneriffe ,another journey which may be mentioned here was his trip to ,teneriffe in the spring of #ahia4 ,his health at this time was far from robust1 and was indeed causing some anxiety to his friends2 but he was determined as usual to gain from his visit intellectual profit as well as 7if possible7 some benefit to his health4 ,he wrote to ,h4 ,d4 ,grissell on ,march #af1 #ahia3 ,orotava1 ,teneriffe4 ,i date to you from this eccentric place1 whither ,i have come to try and patch myself together by a stay of a few weeks4 ,of course these islands are utterly unknown to me1 and the vegetation in particular is at first sight quite startlingly novel4 ,the air is delicious1 but ,i feel the want of sun1 and there is much cold wind4 ,as ,piazzi ,smyth speaks much of the clouds here1 ,i suspect that this stupendous #afh mountain 7of which we rarely see the top1 and only in early morning or late evening7 has much to do with it4 ,the outcome of ,bute's sojourn in the ,canary ,islands was a remarkable paper1 ,on the ,ancient ,language of the ,inhabitants of ,teneriffe1 which he read at the meeting that summer of the ,british ,association at ,cardiff1 and afterwards published in the ,scottish ,review4 ,like most of his writings on such recondite subjects1 it was more or less caviare to the general2 but it aroused considerable attention among philologists1 who recognised it as a genuine and valuable contribution to linguistic science4 ,professor ,sayce wrote to him from ,queen's ,college1 ,oxford3 ,october #ag1 #ahia4 ,many thanks for your kindness in sending me your monograph on the extinct language of ,teneriffe4 ,i wish that all linguistic investigations had been conducted with similar care and caution2 we should have had fewer difficulties to contend with in the study of linguistic science4 ,you have shown us exactly what are the materials on which we can base our opinion on the ancient language of ,teneriffe1 and how far those materials can be trusted4 ,for this reason your paper seems to me to be of very real value4 ,it seems right to refer in this place to another and later tribute paid by another and equally distinguished man of science1 who in his estimate of ,bute's remarkable attainments makes special allusion to the article we are now considering4 ,sir ,william ,huggins1 who was very intimate with him in the later years of his life1 wrote as follows3 ,the ,marquess of ,bute was one of those1 the deeper side of whose mind and character could be duly #afi appreciated only by those who had the privilege of his friendship4 ,a man of great natural gifts1 he was highly cultured on many sides2 and the extent and the variety of his information on a vast variety of subjects was really remarkable4 ,no scientist#g could discuss a scientific matter with him without being struck by the clear-sighted way in which he saw into the heart of the matter1 and the fairness and patience with which he would weigh and consider it from various points of view4 ,these qualities were well shown in the very interesting and valuable paper on ,the ,ancient ,language of the ,natives of ,teneriffe contributed by him to the ,british ,association when it met at ,cardiff4444 ,lord ,bute's sensitive nature revolted from the killing of any living thing4 ,but he was keenly interested in natural history1 and had a knowledge of many creatures and of their habits as intimate and searching as that of the most scientific sportsman4 ,sidenote3 ,home in ,regent's ,park ,the reference in the last paragraph recalls the fact that when 7in #ahhh7 ,lord ,bute first acquired a ,london domicile1 purchasing the twenty-seven years' lease of ,st4 ,john's ,lodge1 in ,regent's ,park1 he was particularly interested in finding himself in close proximity to both the ,zoological and the ,botanic ,gardens4 ,a priest who was often his guest there used to say that he could walk on the terrace1 with its matchless view of garden and park and forest trees1 and recite his ,office in perfect quietness1 with the tumult of ,london reduced to a distant hum1 and the silence only occasionally broken by the roar of wild beasts in the ,zoo not far away4 ,bute was #agj a fellow of both societies1 and often strolled in one or other of the gardens with his guests or members of his family of a ,sunday afternoon1 talking freely with the custodians of animals and plants1 and not infrequently astonishing them with the variety of his knowledge4 ,one of his guests was looking1 in the ,botanic ,gardens1 at a remarkable and recently-acquired collection of dwarf ,japanese trees1 and observed that ,lord ,bute would be interested in seeing them4 ,yes1 was the reply1 his lordship knows a lot about plants4 ,but then1 he knows a lot about most things1 don't he1 sir8#h ,sidenote3 #ahhh1 ,hospitalities in ,london ,that ,bute did know a lot about most things was undoubtedly true2 and what used often to strike those who were intimate with him was the singular orderliness of his knowledge4 ,his memory was prodigious1 writes one who often consulted him on points of history1 and he seemed to me to keep everything which he had ever learned or read stored away1 so to speak1 in watertight compartments of his brain1 ready for instant use when called for4 ,but he never paraded his knowledge of history or anything else1 and one of his most engaging characteristics was the extreme respect and1 indeed1 deference which he paid to acknowledged masters of any branch of learning or science4 ,he welcomed the opportunity which his occasional periods of residence in ,london afforded him of offering hospitality to such4 ,my experience of men of intellectual eminence1 he once said1 has been that they are not only interesting1 #aga but as a rule extremely agreeable4 ,among those who from time to time were his guests at ,st4 ,john's ,lodge were men of such varied distinction as ,lord ,halsbury1 ,lord ,rosebery1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,mallock1 ,sir ,ernest ,a4 ,w4 ,budge1 ,f4,s4,a41 ,cardinal ,vaughan1 ,sir ,william ,huggins1 ,mr4 ,walter ,birch1 ,mr4 ,westlake1 ,sir ,william ,crookes1 ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,h4 ,myers1 etc4 ,later on1 after the presentation of his only daughter1 his charming house in ,regent's ,park 7which1 as well as its spacious gardens1 he did much to improve and adorn7 became the centre of much agreeable hospitality of a more general kind4 ,bute himself was pleased to think that the entertainments given there in the beautiful ball-room--lit from garlands of ,venetian glass1 and opening on to the illuminated grounds--were popular and appreciated by society4 ,i really think1 he wrote1 that people enjoy making up parties to come to us on these occasions4 ,regent's ,park is a terra incognita to a great many ,londoners2 and there is perhaps a certain piquancy about a place which almost simulates to be a country house and is yet only a shilling cab-fare from ,piccadilly ,circus4 ,in #ahhh1 the same year in which he acquired his ,london residence1 ,bute paid his first visit to ,falkland1 his new possession in ,fife--his first1 that is1 as owner of the estate and keeper of the ancient palace2 for 7as he notes in his diary7 he had visited it as a boy of thirteen1 nearly thirty years previously1 in the company of ,lady ,elizabeth ,moore1 and had been there before more than once with his mother4 ,the firstfruits of his new connection with the place was a carefully-written paper on ,david ,duke of ,rothesay1 the hapless heir of ,robert ,,iii41 said to have been starved to death in ,falkland ,palace in ,march1 #agb #adjb4i ,of this article the friendly critic already quoted#aj appreciatively writes3 ,lord ,bute's qualities as a historian appear conspicuously in the lecture on ,david ,duke of ,rothesay1 where the scanty material available about this unfortunate prince is treated in a truly scientific spirit4 ,the zeal for truth shown in it is only equalled by his noble desire1 even at the eleventh hour1 to do justice to the poor lad so cruelly murdered by his contemporaries and misrepresented by posterity4 ,a rumour had been widely current1 in the year of ,queen ,victoria's golden jubilee1 that ,bute was to be created ,jubilee ,duke of ,glamorgan4 ,it is permissible to question whether his patriotism would have allowed him to consent to the merging of his historic ,scottish title in a brand-new one derived from a ,welsh county2 but his only written reference to the matter appears in a letter to a friend who had sent him a newspaper-cutting on the subject3 ,i cannot believe that there is anything in the report to which you have called my attention4 ,were it so1 ,i imagine that ,i should have heard of it before now through some other channel than the ,society columns of a halfpenny newspaper4 ,in the spring of #ahij the office of ,lord-,lieutenant of ,glamorganshire1 then vacant1 was offered to him #agc by the ,prime ,minister 7,lord ,salisbury71 but he did not see his way to accept it4 ,a single line in his diary records the fact2 but there is a brief further mention of it in a letter written at the time3 ,i have little or no acquaintance with the county1 or with them that dwell therein beyond the limits of ,cardiff and of my own property4 ,for this and other more personal reasons1 ,i have--in1 ,i hope1 a not unbecoming letter--begged leave to decline the honour4 ,sidenote3 #ahij1 ,mayor of ,cardiff ,with another offer made to him a little later in the same year ,bute found himself able to comply1 much to the satisfaction of all concerned4 ,this was a requisition that he should allow himself to be nominated as ,mayor of ,cardiff for #ahij-ia4 ,it is a point of considerable interest1 and one certainly illustrative of the strong sense of duty which always animated him1 that the first peer to hold the highest municipal office in any ,english or ,welsh borough for several generations--certainly since the ,reform ,bill--should have been one whom his natural love of retirement1 and aversion from public display1 might have prompted to refuse any office of the kind4 ,once elected1 he attended with sedulous care to such duties as devolved on him in virtue of his office2 and early in #ahia he wrote to his old friend ,miss ,skene1 giving a cheerful account of his stewardship4 ,the last part of this letter1 in which some of his deeper feelings are touchingly disclosed1 would have appealed with very special force to his correspondent1 one of the chief works of whose life at ,oxford was the rescue of girls and women2 and for that reason a portion of her reply is appended3 #agd ,cardiff1 ,january #bc1 #ahia4 ,,my ,,dear ,,miss ,,skene1 ,this gorgeous paper#aa is that which the town of ,cardiff supplies for the use of its mayors4 ,as ,i have had nothing to do personally with originating it1 ,i may freely say that ,i think it very pretty4 ,and the arms of the town are certainly interesting historically1 as a memorial of the ,de ,clares1 ,lords of ,glamorgan1 of whom the last male representative fell at ,bannockburn in #acad4 ,i get on pretty well with my civic government here4 ,my official confidants are nearly all ,radical ,dissenters1 but we manage in quite a friendly way4 ,they only elected me as a kind of figure-head2 and although they are good enough to be glad whenever ,i take part in details1 ,i am willing to leave these in the hands of people with more experience than myself1 as far as ,i properly and conscientiously can do so4 ,i have1 however1 felt it to be my duty 7owing to some terrible facts7 to insist upon the enforcement of the laws for the protection of little girls2 and here ,i find unanimous and hearty support from quite a majority of the officials1 who differ from one another as widely as possible upon every religious1 political1 and social question4 ,i learned yesterday of a certain lot of children whom ,i have been honoured to be the instrument of getting out of a bad house of the worst kind4 ,this will cheer me on my death-bed--or beyond1 for ,i shall have forgotten1 but ,another will not4 ,sincerely yours1 ,,bute4 #age ,illustration3 ,,facsimile ,,letter ,,from ,,the ,,marquess ,,of ,,bute ,,to ,,miss ,,skene #agf ,miss ,skene replied a few days later3 ,i cannot tell you what immense pleasure it gave me to receive your kind letter1 and ,i think you were indeed most good1 in the midst of all your work1 to write to me yourself4444 ,i am most deeply interested in what you have been able to do for the rescue of the poor little victims of evil-doers4 ,i wish with all my heart that the mayors of other towns would take the same view of their duty in these matters2 but alas6 this is not always the case4444 ,i am sure it will always be a happiness to yourself to feel that you have saved the poor children of whom you speak4 ,these things are not forgotten in heaven4 ,ever your faithful old friend1 ,,felicia ,,skene4 ,illustration3 ,the ,marquess of ,bute1 ,mayor of ,cardiff1 #ahij-ahia ,bute gave his mayoral banquet in the ,drill ,hall at ,cardiff on ,february #d1 #ahia1 wearing the beautiful chain which he had had specially designed and made for the chief magistrate of the borough4 ,some alarm was caused1 in the middle of the dinner1 by the sudden breaking out of fire in the decorations of the roof2 but no one was injured1 and 7largely owing to ,bute's own coolness7 there was no panic of any kind4 ,in one of his letters he makes this curious comment on the mishap3 ,i should have been prepared for the misadventure1 for ,i was suffering at the time under an evil direction of ,symbol3 ,mercury1 who was just then in ,symbol3 ,mars with ,symbol3 ,uranus1 so that ,i was almost bound to anticipate some untoward happening4#ab #agg ,on his return from ,teneriffe1 ,bute spent several months at ,cardiff1 where1 as already mentioned1 he entertained the ,royal ,association at their meeting there1 and read his paper on the ancient language of the islanders4 ,he attended the corporation-meetings regularly between ,april and ,november1 and was able to note in his diary in the latter month that his year of municipal office had been a success4 ,he was particularly gratified by a letter from the ,duke of ,norfolk1 himself the mayor-elect for ,sheffield1 asking his advice on various points connected with the office--advice1 added the ,duke1 which your most successful tenure of the mayoralty of ,cardiff renders you so admirably qualified to give4 ,bute showed this letter to a friend1 remarking in his quiet way3 ,the local press has spoken very kindly of my conduct as mayor1 but ,i value this letter more than any number of newspaper articles4 ,bute went up from ,cardiff in ,may to attend the ,royal ,academy dinner1 as he did on several subsequent occasions4 ,it was of a later one of these entertainments that he noted3 ,the ,academy was bad1 and the dinner the dullest ,i have been at1 only redeemed by ,rosebery's very witty speech1 which was1 however1 obviously the result of long toil4 ,the ,lord ,chancellor's ,halsbury seemed much more spontaneous4 ,bute does not seem to have spoken at any of these functions1 as he did occasionally at the dinners of the ,scottish ,academy in ,edinburgh4 #agh ,sir ,mountstuart ,grant ,duff records in his diary the impression made on ,sir ,alexander ,grant1 at one of these dinners1 by ,bute's oration4 ,i met ,sir ,a4 ,grant1 who was full of the speech which ,lord ,bute delivered the other night at the ,scottish ,academy dinner1 in which he said that ,athens and ,assisi had spoilt him for everything else4#ac #a ,froude makes the same remark 7,oceana1 ,chap4 ,,xiv47 about the ,chinamen on board the steamer by which he travelled from ,australia to ,new ,zealand4 ,i suppose1 he adds1 that to ,chinamen the separate personalities are as easily recognised as ours4 ,to me they seemed only what ,schopenhauer says that all individual existences are--'accidental illustrations of a single idea under the conditions of space and time4' #b ,a friend of ,j4 ,h4 ,newman1 referring to some papers contributed by him1 under the title of ,home ,thoughts ,abroad1 to the ,british ,magazine1 after his memorable tour in ,italy and ,sicily in #ahcc1 says3 ,these papers were the first to turn people's thoughts from the classical antiquities and fine arts of ,rome to its ,christian associations4 ,it was a new idea to me when ,i read the papers1 and1 ,i really think1 to everybody else4 ,now 7#ahhe7 any one would say it never was otherwise2 the fact was1 however1 that no one then thought of ,rome in connection with ,st4 ,peter and ,paul1 much less ,st4 ,leo and ,st4 ,gregory1 or of sumptuous worship as anything but a kind of theatrical sight4 ,this paper was reprinted in #ahgb1 in the volume called ,discussions and ,arguments1 under the new title of ,how to ,accomplish it4 #c ,for where your treasure is1 there will your heart be also4 #d ,the original ,german text 7of which ,bute's letter contained a copy7 ran as follows3 ,got sei ,dank1 das ist wahr2 aber es waere nicht so1 wenn wir die vielen ,anerbieten1 das ,passionspiel in verschiedenen ,stadten ,europas aufzufuehren1 annehmen wuerden4 ,es ist auch gut fuer unsere ,bevoelkerung1 dass das ,spiel nur alle zehn ,jahre gegeben wird1 denn in der ,zwischenzeit fuehren wir unser gewohntes und ruhiges ,leben in diesen ,tale1 und ein neues ,geschlecht von ,kindern hat ,zeit heranzuwachsen in den alten ,ueberlieferungen unseres ,ortes4 #e ,bute was only in his thirty-fifth year when he wrote these words4 #f ,he had made the ascent of the ,pyramids before--in #ahfe1 when in his eighteenth year1 and again in #ahgi4 #g ,the eminent astronomer was1 of course1 himself a man of science rather than a man of letters1 and as such must be pardoned the use of the uncouth word scientist1 which disfigures his otherwise eloquent tribute to his friend4 #h ,bute was interested in the longevity of parrots1 and had many talks on the subject with the intelligent parrot-keeper at the ,zoological ,gardens4 ,the parrot they had longest1 he notes1 lived with them fifty-four years2 but they do not know how old it was when they got it4 #i ,this article1 published in the ,scottish ,review in ,april1 #ahib1 was in substance a reproduction of a lecture given by ,bute in ,january1 #ahgb1 to the ,associated ,societies of ,edinburgh ,university1 of which he was honorary president4 #aj ,sir ,william ,huggins4 #aa ,emblazoned with the scarlet and gold arms of ,cardiff--or three chevronels gules4 ,since #aijf this charming and historic coat-armorial has unfortunately given place to one described by a respected citizen of ,cardiff as an abomination--a shield bespattered with red dragons and leeks1 and other ,welsh emblems1 and surmounted by three ostrich feathers4 ,the last-named assumption is particularly indefensible1 the ostrich plume being1 of course1 the badge of the ,king's son and heir1 and not of the ,prince of ,wales as such4 #ab ,bute's interest in astrology has been already noted 7ante1 p4 #ace71 and is also referred to in ,mr4 ,myers' obituary notice 7post1 ,appendix ,v474 ,he was not1 of course1 unaware that the practice of astrology had been forbidden to the ,christians of the early ,church1 and condemned by a sixteenth-century ,pope4 ,but he also had the authority of ,st4 ,thomas for believing1 if he desired to do so1 that the heavenly bodies do influence the bodies of men1 and so indirectly their passions and their conduct4 ,this is a matter of science1 not of theology1 which forbids1 not the study of the science1 but the belief1 once so widely current1 that the astrologer can predict with certainty the course of events and man's future actions4 #ac ,notes from a ,diary 7#ahgc-ahha71 vol4 ii4 p4 #aja4 #agi ,,chapter ,x ,,freedom ,,of ,,glasgow--,,benefactions ,,to ,,wales--,,lord ,,rector ,,of ,,st4 ,,andrews #ahia-ahid ,an incident which gave ,bute sincere pleasure1 during the year of his mayoralty of ,cardiff1 was the presentation to him of the freedom of the city of ,glasgow1 which took place on ,october #g1 #ahia4 ,the honour was conferred on him1 according to the burgess-ticket which he received1 in recognition of the distinguished services he has rendered to ,scotland1 by erecting and gifting#a to ,glasgow the ,bute ,hall1 by his personal contributions to literature1 and by the warm sympathy he has ever shown in whatever is fitted to promote the interests of art and science4 ,bute replied to the presentation in a speech which he himself described in anticipation as maddeningly dull1 but which was nevertheless very well received2 and on the same day he performed the opening ceremony of the new ,mitchell ,library1 delivering an address which he thought1 in contrast with the other1 appeared almost lively1 with a tendency even to flippancy4 ,it was not his first public appearance in ,glasgow2 for some time before this he had made an oration at the opening #ahj of the new ,jesuit ,college of ,st4 ,aloysius1 and had warmly congratulated ,scottish ,catholics on taking another step in the resumption of a tradition which identified higher culture with the ,catholic ,church4#b ,cherishing as he did1 to the end of his life1 feelings of grateful affection towards all those who had shown him kindness during his somewhat solitary childhood1 ,bute was sincerely grieved to hear1 in the autumn of #ahib1 of the death of ,lady ,elizabeth ,moore1 one of his earliest and most devoted friends4 ,the temporary estrangement between them caused by his change of religion had long passed away2 and only nine days before her death1 on the occasion of her eighty-eighth birthday1 his daughter had written to her a letter of good wishes which ,lord and ,lady ,bute and all their children signed4 ,he wrote thus feelingly of this loss3 ,of her affection for me1 and mine for her1 ,i cannot speak too strongly4 ,it is an event which finally cuts me off 7till my own death7 from the generation to which my mother belonged1 and in which ,i was born4444 ,a great friend of my mother's1 and a second mother to me2 and ,i am ever grateful to her for her defence of me against ,general ,stuart and others in #ahfj4 ,by a strange coincidence1 ,general ,stuart himself died two days later4 ,the death of ,colonel ,j4 ,b4 ,crichton ,stuart1 ,bute's former tutor-at-law1 had occurred in the previous year2 and the ,lord-,lieutenancy of ,buteshire1 which he had held since #ahei1 #aha was in due course offered to ,bute and accepted by him4 ,he performed all the duties pertaining to the office with the scrupulous conscientiousness which characterised him2 and he told a friend1 some time afterwards1 that he had been particularly gratified by the ,lord ,chancellor expressing his approbation of the care which he 7,bute7 had exercised in the recommendation of persons for the commission of peace in his titular county4 ,sidenote3 #ahib1 ,benefactions to ,south ,wales ,in ,september1 #ahib1 ,bute attended the meeting of the ,national ,eisteddfod1 and delivered an address with which he was himself extremely dissatisfied1 though it is only fair to say that on such occasions he was the severest critic of his own orations1 with which his audiences appeared well content4 ,he had always been warmly interested in the ,eisteddfodan1 had subscribed liberally to their funds1 and had presided and given an address at a previous meeting held at ,cardiff in #ahhb4 ,he also gave generous assistance to the ,cymrodorion ,society for its publication of ,welsh ,records1 and enabled the ,cardiff ,library1 by his subscription of ,l#ajjj1 to acquire the valuable ,,mss4 which had belonged to ,sir ,thomas ,phillips4 ,nor was it only the cause of learning which he assisted by his judicious benefactions4 ,every scheme set on foot for the benefit of the districts with which he was connected found in him a generous supporter4 ,to ,king ,edward ,,vii4's ,hospital 7then the ,glamorgan and ,monmouthshire ,infirmary7 he gave a site for the new building worth some ,l#ejjj1 having before this paid off the debt on the institution4 ,for many years he maintained entirely a cottage hospital at ,aberdare2 he gave a large donation to the building fund of the ,merthyr ,hospital1 and a still larger one to the ,seamen's #ahb ,hospital at ,cardiff1 and contributed liberally both to the ,rest at ,porthcawl1 and to the ,miners' ,relief ,fund for ,monmouthshire and ,south ,wales4 ,unostentatious as were his innumerable charities1 it is right that these things 7which include his benefactions in ,south ,wales alone7 should be recorded4 ,bute's name was known in his lifetime1 and has been handed down to posterity1 as that of a munificent patron of scholarship and learning1 of science and architecture and art4 ,he richly deserves this tribute2 but it is not to be forgotten that he was also a wise1 discriminating1#c and most generous benefactor of a score of institutions designed only for the relief of the distressed1 the needy1 and the suffering4 ,every one knew him to be a scholar1 and a friend and patron of scholars1 but it was only his innermost circle of friends1 and the countless beneficiaries of his far-reaching generosity1 who knew how truly1 how continually1 his heart was open to the calls of mercy and of charity4 ,bute never hesitated about expressing his opinion of men whom the world called famous1 but whose claim to any such distinction he failed to recognise4 ,writing of ,lord ,randolph ,churchill1 whom he had met at luncheon in ,september1 #ahib1 he says3 ,he seemed to me ill-informed1 ill-mannered1 and stupid4 ,i used to know him slightly at ,oxford1 and thought little of him there4 ,i wonder whether his wife writes his speeches4 #ahc ,his notes on ,royalties are1 on occasion1 quite as frank as on any one else4 ,after attending the ,lord ,mayor's dinner in ,october1 #ahib1 he wrote3 ,the ,maharajah of ,baroda 7it is a mere ignorant vulgarism to call him the ,gaikwar7 spoke1 ,i found1 much better ,english than the ,duke of ----4 ,the latter went off home from the ,lady ,mayoress's boudoir1 whither we men were taken to smoke1 without returning to the drawing-room to wish her good-night4 ,sidenote3 #ahib1 ,relations with ,universities ,the closing weeks of #ahib were marked by an event which brought ,bute into intimate connection with the oldest of the four ,scottish ,universities1 namely1 his unanimous election as ,lord ,rector of ,st4 ,andrews4 ,the honour was one which he very greatly appreciated1 and the duties of the office would have been not only extremely interesting1 but altogether congenial to him1 had he not been involved by the peculiar circumstances of the time in a series of highly contentious questions1 which1 in his somewhat enfeebled state of health1 caused him for a period of time extending over several years considerable trouble and anxiety4 ,bute's keen and practical interest in educational matters1 and especially in the promotion of higher studies throughout the country1 had naturally brought him into relation1 at different times of his life1 with several of the national universities4 ,with ,oxford1 since his student days there at the most memorable crisis in his life1 he had little subsequent connection4 ,he refers occasionally in his letters to the disadvantage which he had suffered from having been prevented by circumstances from taking his degree2 and ,oxford never saw fit to honour him1 #ahd or herself1 by conferring on him an honorary degree in recognition of his services to learning and scholarship4 ,he never1 however1 lost his interest in his original ,alma ,mater2 and nothing gave him greater pleasure1 during the closing years of his life1 than the news of the removal of the restrictions which had hitherto prevented ,roman ,catholic students from frequenting the universities of ,oxford and ,cambridge4 ,a friend1 head of one of the ,oxford ,halls1 was visiting him in ,london some time subsequently1 and informed him that there were already1 in consequence of this change of policy1 more than seventy ,catholic undergraduates in residence at that university4 ,bute1 who was at that time quite an invalid1 raised himself on his couch1 and said with the quiet emphasis with which he always spoke when strongly moved3 ,i wish there were seven hundred4 ,he only visited ,oxford once or twice after his marriage1 but his continued affection for it was evinced in many ways2 and the ,catholic church and mission there1 as in so many places1 benefited by his munificence4#d ,the establishment of a ,university ,college at ,cardiff was to ,bute naturally a matter of great interest1 of which he gave many practical proofs4 ,he accepted the presidency of the institution in #ahij1 when he contributed generously to the foundation of a chair of engineering2 and six years later he gave a special donation of ,l#aj1jjj to the funds4 ,besides his inaugural address1 he gave another1 in #ahia1 to the pupils of the science and art schools4 ,his many gifts to the college included a complete #ahe set of the valuable ,acta ,sanctorum of the ,bollandists2 and he was particularly gratified by the very appreciative acknowledgment of this present which he received from the librarian4 ,bute proposed ,mr4 ,gladstone as the first ,chancellor of the ,university of ,wales4 ,although profoundly opposed to some of the political views of that statesman1 he had an admiration for his character and attainments2 and he looked on it as a special honour1 some years later1 to receive the ,honorary ,doctorate of ,st4 ,andrews on the same occasion as the veteran ,liberal leader4 ,sidenote3 #ahib1 ,honorary ,doctorates ,the first of the ,scottish universities with which ,bute found himself practically connected was that of ,glasgow1 to which he presented in #ahgg the noble hall1 for graduation and other ceremonies1 since known as the ,bute ,hall4 ,two years later1 in recognition of this splendid gift1 which is said to have cost him nearly ,l#ej1jjj1 the ,honorary ,doctorate of ,laws was bestowed on him by the university4 ,he received the same honour from ,edinburgh in #ahhb1 and from ,st4 ,andrews in #ahic1 the first year of his rectorship4 ,in #ahhc he was invited to stand for the ,lord ,rectorship of ,glasgow ,university1 being nominated in the ,conservative interest against ,mr4 ,fawcett as the ,liberal candidate4 ,john ,ruskin was also nominated4 ,a regrettable element of religious animus was introduced into the contest1 but the leading ,glasgow journal warmly supported ,bute4 ,mr4 ,fawcett was elected1 the figures being--,fawcett #gif1 ,bute #fij1 ,ruskin #cbi4 ,by his appointment in #ahhi as a member of the ,scottish ,universities ,commission1 ,bute came1 of course1 into intimate relation with the affairs of all the four universities4 ,he was an active member of the ,commission1 attending its meetings regularly1 #ahf and giving much time and attention to the important questions which came up for discussion and solution4 ,but as a member of a mixed body of this kind1 of which some--and these not the least distinguished--were sure to hold1 and to express1 views sharply conflicting with his own1 ,bute was not1 it must be frankly said1 at his best or happiest4 ,the candid biographer must admit that1 with all his admirable qualities1 he was not of a temperament that could easily or patiently brook opposition to his matured views4 ,the absolute impartiality and freedom from prejudice with which1 as we have seen1 he approached the consideration of any subject1 literary or other1 on which he had to form an opinion1 made him1 perhaps not unnaturally1 all the more tenacious of that opinion when once formed4 ,i know no one1 remarked one of his friends and admirers1 to whom the description of ,horace1 ,justum et tenacem propositi virum1 could be applied with greater truth2 and the tribute was a deserved one4 ,but he did not always find it easy to realise that the views of those opposed to him might be as considered and as conscientious as his own2 and he was1 perhaps1 too apt to regard their opposition in the light of personal hostility to himself4 ,it might1 ,i think1 have been observed1 he wisely says in one of his university addresses1 with reference to ,peter de ,luna's disputed claim to the ,papacy1 that where so many learned and able persons were divided in opinion1 a difference of judgment from one side or the other did not necessarily imply moral obliquity4 ,it is not suggested that ,bute imputed moral obliquity to those who differed from him either on the ,universities ,commission1 or afterwards in the vexed questions which he had to encounter at ,st4 ,andrews4 ,but #ahg that he resented their action1 and in some cases even with a certain bitterness1 is clear from many passages of his correspondence2 and this feeling was in one instance sufficiently acute to interrupt and suspend a friendship which had lasted for nearly a quarter of a century1 though it is pleasant to add that the breach was entirely healed1 and cordial relations resumed1 long before his death4 ,sidenote3 #ahib1 ,rectorial address ,bute's election to the ,lord ,rectorship of ,st4 ,andrews took place on ,november #bd1 #ahib4 ,i had great difficulty in accepting1 he wrote to his friend ,dr4 ,metcalfe1 because ,i had already declined ,glasgow#e on the grounds of want of unanimity and probable inability to fulfil the duties1 and only accepted ,st4 ,andrews on an assurance of unanimity1 and that the duties are almost nominal4 ,the latter hope was disproved by the event2 but whether light or heavy1 ,bute entered on the duties of his office with his usual conscientious resolve to fulfil them all to the utmost of his ability1#f and for the benefit of the ancient seat of ,scottish learning which he had loved and venerated from his earliest years4 ,he alluded in his inaugural address1 with charming simplicity1 to these childish memories1 associated with that of the only parent whom ,i ever knew1 and with those of friends of hers1 nearly all of whom are now passed away3 ,i dimly recall the old garden of ,st4 ,leonard's and a variety of mechanical toys working by wind and water1 with which ,sir ,hugh ,playfair had adorned it4 ,i remember gazing from ,st4 ,andrews at the #ahh great comet which there was about the time of the ,indian ,mutiny2 and when we were living in the ,principal of ,st4 ,mary's ,house1 my kinsman1 ,charles ,mac,lean1#g came home wounded from ,india and stayed with us1 and with his maimed hand gave me some elementary lessons in fortification1 with wet sand in a box4 ,i find in my diary1 under date of ,july #bj1 #ahhi3 ,to ,st4 ,andrews 444 saw the last of the old garden of ,st4 ,mary's ,college1 where ,i used to play 7and eat unripe pears7 as a child3 they are going to build the library extension over it4 ,well1 ,i can only hope that the fruits of the tree of knowledge1 to the cultivation of which that spot is now dedicated1 may prove less crude and more wholesome than the grosser dainties1 to the attractions of which ,i there formerly yielded4 ,it was an undoubted satisfaction to the new ,lord ,rector to be able to nominate1 as he did in the month following his own election1 to the office of his assessor his old friend and fellow-worker on the ,scottish ,review4 ,he gives his reasons1 with his usual clearness1 in a letter addressed to ,dr4 ,metcalfe himself3 ,i have come to the conclusion to nominate you1 because you are a man of public position versed in these matters--you are 7if you will allow me to say so7 on most friendly and even intimate terms with me for years past--we are1 ,i believe1 after many conversations with you1 quite at one upon ,university questions--and you are almost bound to be persona grata1 having quite recently received the ,honorary ,doctorate of the ,university4 ,besides which1 ,i think that an outside expert is better adapted to see questions fairly than somebody who is necessarily inside some local groove4 #ahi ,sidenote3 #ahib1 ,st4 ,andrews and ,dundee ,dr4 ,metcalfe was duly appointed to the assessorship2 and with one at his side in whose sound judgment as well as his personal attachment to himself he had the fullest confidence1 ,bute was greatly encouraged in the assumption of his important duties with regard to the university1 in which he had already shown his practical interest by giving it1 at a time of some financial distress1 very timely and welcome help4 ,this help had been all the more welcome in view of the unsympathetic attitude of successive ,governments towards ,st4 ,andrews4 ,mr4 ,arthur ,balfour had indeed during his ,rectorship 7#ahhf-ahhi7 persuaded the administration of which he was a member to build the addition to the library to which ,bute refers in the extract from his diary quoted above4 ,but1 generally speaking1 ,tories and ,liberals alike had shown towards the premier university of ,scotland the minimum of interest and generosity4 ,this was the more remarkable1 inasmuch as the patronage of the principalships of the ,united ,college as well as of ,st4 ,mary's1 and also of the chairs of ,church ,history1 ,biblical ,criticism1 and ,hebrew and ,oriental ,languages1 was vested in the ,crown4 ,in #ahhi ,parliament had actually entrusted to the newly appointed ,universities ,commission powers to abolish ,st4 ,andrews ,university altogether--a proposal which found a certain measure of support in ,dundee1 where ,university ,college had been founded in the same year4 ,the relations of this new college to the ancient university were still indeterminate when ,bute took office in #ahib2 but its medical possibilities1 situated as it was in the heart of a populous and growing city1 had of course become quickly apparent to its managers4 ,it must be borne in mind that medical degrees had all along been granted by ,st4 ,andrews itself after due #aij examination by the professors of the university1 who were assisted by external examiners of high distinction4 ,the number of such degrees1 originally unlimited1 had been afterwards reduced to ten4 ,at the time of ,bute's coming into office there were two main contentions as to medical teaching at ,st4 ,andrews4 ,the first was that provision should be made for one annus medicus only1 so that practically the whole weight of medical teaching should be thrown on ,dundee4 ,the second was that there should be two complete anni medici in ,st4 ,andrews2 but this was at the time impracticable1 owing to the insufficiency of adequate medical teaching4 ,bute saw clearly that if1 as was his great desire1 the science of medicine should be worthily represented in the university1 proper provision for the teaching of that science must be made in ,st4 ,andrews itself1 and students of medicine must be encouraged to come to ,st4 ,andrews for the completion of their medical course4 ,at no stage of the long controversy between ,st4 ,andrews and ,dundee did he ever seek or propose to establish a complete medical school at ,st4 ,andrews2 and he would have been the first1 with his robust common sense1 to see the absurdity of such a proposal as regarded the university city1 where there was not even a hospital1 and therefore no opportunity for the necessary clinical instruction4 ,unguarded language on this subject may have been employed by some of his supporters1 but never by himself4 ,he aimed only at what was practicable and desirable1 and this he made it possible to attain by instituting a lectureship 7now the ,bute professorial chair7 of ,anatomy1 by promoting the refoundation of the ,chair of ,physiology1#h and by #aia building at his own cost the new medical school1 the completion of which1 though he did not live to see it1 was a source of satisfaction to him only a few weeks before his death4 ,it would have been not less gratifying to him to foresee1 had that been possible1 the natural result and development of his enlightened munificence1 as shown in the following figures4 ,the number of students of anatomy in the ,bute ,medical ,school was1 in #aiad1 eighteen2 in #aiae-af thirty2 in #aiaf-ag thirty-seven2 in #aiag-ah fifty-four2 and in #aiai-bj ninety4 ,it would be doing ,bute a great injustice to suppose that in his attitude towards ,dundee he was actuated by any feeling of hostility towards the newly-founded college4 ,the very contrary was indeed the case4 ,keenly interested as he was in the higher education of the people1 especially in large centres of population1 he was naturally as favourably disposed towards ,university ,college1 ,dundee1 as he had shown himself to be towards ,university ,college1 ,cardiff4 ,but he could not view with equanimity the prospect which was1 as he well knew1 hopefully contemplated by some of the supporters of the new college1 namely1 that of its ultimately not only absorbing the ancient university to which it had been united within the last three years1 but even possibly of crushing it out of existence altogether4 ,of this prospect he wrote on ,march #ab1 #ahic3 ,the object of the ,dundee people is evidently to obtain entire command of the university1 which they #aib will employ by secularising ,st4 ,mary's and translating all the ,science subjects to ,dundee1 as well as starting1 ,i take it1 a complete ,arts curriculum there1 possibly allowing the ,united ,college to exist as a kind of outhouse4 ,it has been said1 and said publicly1 by one of that party1 he wrote on another occasion1 ',give us two years more of the union1 and we will drag ,st4 ,andrews at our chariot wheels4' ,to ,bute1 with his almost passionate veneration for the ancient university1 which for centuries had been the chief home of religion and learning in ,scotland1 it was intolerable to think of ,st4 ,andrews being deposed from its pride of place and sinking into a decaying village1 a mere resort of sea-bathers and golfers4 ,from this fate he was resolute1 if possible1 to save the ,house of the ,apostle 7as he loved to call it71 at whatever cost to himself4 ,for months past1 he wrote a little later1 ,i have been slaving for ,st4 ,andrews4 ,the people--or some of them--may not be worth saving1 but the place surely is4 ,my vital force is1 it is plain to myself1 much diminished by all this anxiety and strain2 but ,i shall work on as long as ,i have strength to do so4 ,in the long and elaborate memorandum which he drew up in the second year of his ,rectorship1 on the four possible relations in which the ,university of ,st4 ,andrews and the college at ,dundee might conceivably stand to one another1 ,bute gives clear evidence of his genuine desire that the cause of education and learning should flourish equally in both institutions4 ,but both he and those who thought and acted with him were perfectly convinced that this would never be so long as ,dundee continued its intrigues to become the predominant partner in #aic what he calls the ill-assorted union between them2 and he was equally convinced that an absolutely essential preliminary step in this direction was the dissolution of the ,order of the ,university ,commission of ,march #ba1 #ahij 7dies nefastus1 as ,bute calls it in one of his notes71 by which the existing union between ,st4 ,andrews and ,dundee had been brought about4 ,it was with this object that an action was brought in the ,court of ,session in ,july1 #ahid1 for the reduction of the union in question1 and also that a bill was introduced into the ,house of ,lords by the ,chancellor of the university1 the ,duke of ,argyll1 whose sympathies were entirely with ,bute in the question at issue4#i ,sidenote3 #ahic1 ,st4 ,andrews and ,oxford ,i have sometimes dreamt1 wrote ,bute in one of the most picturesque passages of his ,rectorial ,address1 of the primeval headland1 still lifting skyward its crown of ancient towers1 but with that crown encircled by an aureola of affiliated colleges--a commonwealth of seats of learning1 an ,oxford of the ,north4 ,it may have been with some such vision as this before him that ,bute had suggested to his assessor1 some time before drawing up the memorandum above referred to1 another solution of the difficulty3 #aid ,march #bh1 #ahic4 ,why should it not be suggested to ,dundee1 that instead of a division of forces1 difference of place1 etc41 etc41 they should build a college for themselves at ,st4 ,andrews1 just as we hope ,blairs will do1 confined to ,dundee people8 ,i think that would meet the foundress's intention1 and it might be called ,dundee ,college4 ,this would be transferring her benefaction to ,st4 ,andrews1 instead of ,st4 ,andrews being bled into such veins as ,dundee possesses4 ,i do not see why ,st4 ,andrews1 holding a unique position1 geographically and otherwise1 should not also hold a unique position in being constituted1 as ,oxford and ,cambridge are1 of a congeries of free and affiliated colleges4 ,the above mention of ,blairs has reference to another scheme which ,bute hoped might1 if carried out1 fulfil the two-fold object of strengthening the position of ,st4 ,andrews1 and of raising the educational standard--an object he had much at heart--of his co-religionists in ,scotland4 ,with this view he had proposed the transference to ,st4 ,andrews1 and the affiliation to the university1 of the ,college of ,blairs1 near ,aberdeen1 the training-school of the ,scots ,catholic clergy2 and had promised substantial help both towards the acquirement of a site1 and in the endowment of the new seminary4 ,the success of such a scheme obviously depended to great extent1 if not entirely1 on the concurrence of the ecclesiastical authorities4 ,they were divided on the matter1 among those opposed to the plan being the then ,metropolitan of ,scotland1 as well as the rector of the college2 and finally the ,holy ,see1 much to ,bute's disappointment1 decided against the project4 ,an alternative scheme1 providing for the establishment in #aie the university city of a house of studies in connection with the abbey of ,fort ,augustus1 also proved impracticable4 ,the ,benedictines were only invited to make the foundation on the understanding that1 and as long as1 ,bute's offer was not taken advantage of by the secular clergy1 and they did not see their way to accept it under those conditions4 ,sidenote3 #ahid1 ,interest in the ,jews ,simultaneously with the plan just referred to1 ,bute likewise cherished the hope of attracting to the university members of the ,jewish body1 in which he had always been warmly interested4 ,he wrote as to this on ,june #h1 #ahid3 ,mr4 ,mocatta has given me a tract1 and talked to me at length of the religious desolation of the young ,jews who are sent to ,christian schools and colleges without any provision for their own religious instruction and practices4 ,i am trying to persuade him and others that all they seek to gain would be gained1 and all they deplore avoided1 by starting a ,jewish college at ,st4 ,andrews4 ,i think the idea is dawning on them4 ,three months later he wrote to the ,chief ,rabbi that he was much gratified at the prospect of young ,hebrews matriculating at ,st4 ,andrews4 ,i do not pretend1 he added1 to have any other motive in the matter than zeal for the good of the university2 but ,i sincerely think that the benefits would be reciprocal4#aj ,bute was not a little incensed at this time by what he called a most unseemly letter written to the newspapers by one of the professors1 who said that he would much prefer that a group of ,jewish students should have a comfortable #aif berth in ,abraham's bosom than that they should come to ,st4 ,andrews4 ,a question subsequently arose as to the unsuitability of a certain ,saturday--which was not only1 of course1 the ,hebrew ,sabbath1 but chanced to be also their solemn ,day of ,atonement--for the entrance examination of ,jewish candidates4 ,the ,principal suggested1 as an alternative1 holding an examination on the following ,sunday--a proposal that drew from ,bute a characteristic protest1 in which he gives interesting proof of his sympathy with ,hebrew religious ideals3 ,the ,day of ,atonement is1 as the ,chief ,rabbi feelingly wrote me1 the most solemn day in all their year4444 ,anything more defiantly contemptuous of their race and religion than the original selection of that particular day for the examination can hardly be conceived1 nor any device better calculated to raise contempt for ,st4 ,andrews in the whole ,jewish world4 ,i fear it can hardly have been inadvertent4444 ,the amended proposal1 of holding the examination on the ,sunday1 seems to me hardly less objectionable4 ,i had suggested ,thursday1 in order that the young men's minds might be as free as possible on their solemnity4 ,on the ,principal's plan1 they would have to reach ,st4 ,andrews--a place utterly strange to them--on ,friday evening and there pass the ,day of ,atonement alone1 presumably in an inn4 ,when night set in on ,saturday1 they would have been #bf hours without so much as a crumb or a drop of water--unwashed1 barefooted1 and probably dressed in grave-clothes--their minds having been fixed as far as possible on ,sin1 ,death1 and ,eternity--and worn out by hours of recitation of ,hebrew prayers4 ,would they be likely in this state to do themselves justice in an examination held a few hours later8 #aig ,sidenote3 #ahic1 ,bute's disinterestedness ,it seems unnecessary1 after a lapse of a quarter of a century1 to enter into further details of the regrettable controversy between ,st4 ,andrews and ,dundee1 which persisted throughout ,bute's term of office in the university1 but of which all1 or nearly all1 the protagonists have now passed over ,to where1 beyond these voices1 there is peace4 ,there is no doubt but that the part taken by ,bute in the affair was much misinterpreted in many quarters2 and he in turn may have to some extent misunderstood1 and unconsciously misjudged1 the actions and motives of his opponents4 ,enough1 however1 has perhaps been said to show1 what no impartial person can question1 that he was throughout animated by a single-hearted desire to act for the best1 and to promote by every means in his power the highest interest of the university which he loved so well4 ,that this was the view of those whose suffrages had placed him in office1 and with whom he had never ceased to maintain the most cordial relations1 namely1 the students of the university1 was shown by the substantial majority by which1 as will be seen1 they voted for his re-election to the ,rectorship4 #a ,it is to be feared1 from their use of this particularly objectionable word1 that the then ,glasgow ,corporation did not combine a literary sense with their other 7doubtless7 admirable qualities4 #b ,bute's speech on this occasion1 delivered in reply to two addresses presented to him1 was in ,latin4 ,some of those present were rather disconcerted by this classical outburst1 for which they were not in the least prepared4 #c ,bute's far-reaching charities were regulated1 like everything else in his busy life1 by strictly business-like methods4 ,every appeal for help which reached him was carefully sifted and inquired into through the almoner to whom1 from the time of his coming of age1 he entrusted the investigation of all such cases before dealing with them himself4 #d ,the marble altar in the church was given by him4 ,an inscription on it1 inconspicuous yet visible to every priest who celebrates there1 asks for prayers for ,bute himself and for his wife4 #e ,this was on a subsequent occasion to the election of #ahhc1 referred to on a previous page4 #f ,i pray ,god bless my ,rectorship of ,st4 ,andrews1 he wrote in his diary on the last day of this year4 #g ,it was to this same kinsman that ,bute1 then in his thirteenth year1 had addressed the remarkable letter quoted on p4 #f4 #h ,a condition attached by ,bute to his foundation of the ,chair of ,anatomy was that a new ,chair of ,physiology should be constituted from the former ,chair of ,medicine1 which a majority of the ,university ,commissioners had wished to transfer to ,history4 #i ,the ,court of ,session refused to grant the reduction of the union2 and the ,house of ,lords1 after some further litigation1 finally decided1 on ,july #bg1 #ahif1 that ,dundee ,college was not merely affiliated to1 but actually incorporated in1 the ,university of ,st4 ,andrews1 and that the union between them was valid1 permanent1 and irreversible4 ,in ,november1 #aijj1 a month after ,bute's death1 the same tribunal dismissed an action raised by certain members of ,st4 ,andrews ,university1 craving the reduction of all the documents constituting the ,union4 ,since the last-named date the union has remained as constituted in #ahij1 except that ,university ,college1 ,dundee1 is no longer represented by two members in the ,university ,court4 #aj ,in the same letter ,bute expresses his willingness to give a site for the new synagogue to be erected at ,cardiff4 ,he did1 as a matter of fact1 a little later grant a ninety-nine years' lease1 on very favourable terms1 of an excellent site for the ,jewish place of worship4 #aih ,,chapter ,,xi ,,notes ,,and ,,anecdotes--,,second ,,rectorship ,,of ,,st4 ,,andrews--,,provost ,,of ,,rothesay #ahid-ahig ,although ,bute 7who was not given to exaggeration7 found occasion to write at the end of #ahid1 in his usual brief summary of the events of the past twelve-month1 ,the whole year has been spent in the struggle for the ,university of ,st4 ,andrews1 he nevertheless found time1 with the ordered industry which was one of his marked characteristics1 not only for the numerous other duties incumbent on him1 but also for the social amenities which the debut of his only daughter had brought into his retired life4 ,his note on the ,caledonian ball in ,london1 which he attended this year1 is amusing1 if not altogether appreciative3 ,the ball was doubtless a great success as regarded the charity which benefited by it2 but it was mismanaged1 crowded1 and hot beyond expression1 and the dancing was a mere rough-and-tumble 7as seems to be the way now71 with neither science1 grace1 nor even an elementary idea of time4 ,the poetry of motion seems to be asleep4 ,a dinner given to ,lord ,rosebery#a by his old #aii contemporaries at ,christ ,church1 which ,bute attended1 must have evoked curious memories of long-past days4 ,r's cynical witticisms 7when the doors were shut7 on the state of politics were quite startling3 we were all his political opponents except one4 ,the well-remembered names and changed faces were rather pathetic4 ,bute has a note on the famous ,ardlamont murder trial1 which was arousing general interest in the early days of #ahid3 ,lord ,kingsburgh said that ten of the jury were determined to hang ,monson1 and he was determined they should not1 as he did not consider the evidence legally conclusive4 ,nobody doubts ,m4's guilt morally4#b ,sidenote3 #ahid1 ,maiden speech in ,parliament ,on ,june #d ,bute made his maiden speech in ,parliament 7it was his last as well as his first17 in reference to certain petitions he had occasion to present on the affairs of ,st4 ,andrews ,university4 ,he wrote of this to ,dr4 ,metcalfe3 ,i had a conversation with ,lord ,salisbury on ,saturday1 and consequently made my maiden speech in the ,house of ,lords to-day4 ,there were only two #bjj or three ,peers present1 but ,i was so nervous that ,i don't know what ,i said4 ,however1 ,lord ,windsor told me that ,i had been perfectly smooth and lucid1 so ,i suppose ,i repeated mechanically the few sentences ,i had prepared4 ,a sequel1 and to himself a very interesting one1 to ,bute's new and intimate connection with ,st4 ,andrews was his acquisition of the site of the ancient priory of canons-regular adjoining the ruined cathedral4 ,part of this was occupied by a modern villa1 around and under which ,bute carried out a series of exploratory excavations which must have been somewhat disconcerting to the occupants of the house4 ,the discoveries consequent on these digging operations 7,scotice howkings71 including that of a hitherto unknown vaulted chamber beneath the old refectory1 were a very welcome diversion from the harassing duties of the ,lord ,rectorship4 ,bute always undertook and pursued such researches with the acutest zest and interest4 ,i think1 a friend wrote of him with kindly humour1 some of the happiest hours of his life were spent standing by1 wrapped in his long cloak and smoking innumerable cigarettes1 while a band of workmen1 directed by one of his many architects1 dug out the foundations of a mediaeval lady-chapel1 or broke through a nineteenth-century wall in search of a thirteenth-century doorway4 ,how seriously ,bute took his unremitting efforts to save ,st4 ,andrews1 as his own expression was1 is shown in a characteristic passage of one of his letters describing a recent discovery among the priory remains3 ,a head of ,christ in stone1 seemingly life-size1 has just been found under the earth at the ,priory4 #bja ,i would ,i could take this as an intimation of ,his favour towards the ,greek3 temenos of ,his ,greek3 protokletos4#c ,i have written for much prayer at the grave of the ,apostle1 primarily thanksgiving for the graces bestowed upon him in time and eternity4 ,bute had of course visited more than once the tomb of ,st4 ,andrew at ,amain1 of which he speaks in the striking peroration1 already quoted1 of his ,rectorial address4 ,at his request the ,archbishop of ,amalfi sent him a large number of photographs1 including some of the tomb1 and one1 specially taken1 of the skull of the ,apostle1 which ,bute1 who attached much importance to craniological evidence1 greatly valued4 ,sidenote3 #ahid1 ,winter sports in ,scotland ,the winter of #ahid-ahie was an unusually severe one1 even in the mild and sheltered ,isle of ,bute2 and ,bute1 always complacent towards the frolics of the younger generation1 speaks of curling1 sleighing1 and tobogganing as the order of the day1 and of the extraordinary descent of a snow-covered slope by ,mr4 ,s---- 7a distinguished architect at that time a guest at ,dumfries ,house7 upon1 or rather with1 a tea-tray4 ,he writes further1 in this connection1 of his schoolboy sons3 ,j---- and ,n---- seem both devoted to curling2 and this fact1 and the way in which it associates them with the people1 delights me4#d #bjb ,the latter reference is interesting1 and even pathetic1 recalling as it does the pleasure ,bute himself had always taken from his boyhood1 notwithstanding his natural shyness1 in associating on kindly terms1 whether at weddings or less formal social gatherings1 whenever opportunity offered1 with his humbler neighbours in ,buteshire and elsewhere4 ,it was this characteristic1 combined with his singular courtesy and unpretentiousness of manner1 which won the affection as well as the respect of the reserved and undemonstrative people among whom1 for the most part1 his life was spent4#e ,illustration3 ,the ,marquess of ,bute1 ,lord ,rector of ,st4 ,andrews ,university1 #ahib-ahig ,a letter written in ,march1 #ahie1 just after the death of ,professor ,blackie1 gives a thumbnail sketch of that eccentric scholar1 who was as unconventional in dress as in everything else3 ,the last time ,i met him 7by invitation7 he was dressed in a long velvet gown bound with a bright cherry-coloured sash1 and a big sombrero hat4 ,there was a middle-aged lady present1 to whom he introduced me1 and whom he insisted on my kissing4 ,i think we kissed to please him4 ,his accent 7pronunciation7 was so vile in ,greek1 and ,i believe in ,gaelic1 as almost to argue a physical defect of ear4 ,in this same spring ,bute visited ,sanquhar1 where #bjc he had lately bought back the ancient ,crichton ,peel tower1 which the first ,earl of ,dumfries had sold to the ,buccleuch family in #afci4 ,the ,duke1 he notes1 had allowed the tower to fall almost completely down4 ,i bought some mugs here--',presents from ,sanquhar'--for the children1 and found on investigation that they were made in ,germany6 ,an interesting little bit of ,fife folk-lore is noted on ,april #f3 ,i found the children of ,falkland rolling ,easter eggs downhill1 calling the day ,pace 7,pasch7 ,saturday4 ,it was a week too soon1 according to the ,kalendar2 but one little girl said that ,pace ,saturday was always the first ,saturday in ,april4 ,sidenote3 #ahie1 ,lord ,acton ,bute received this summer a letter1 which pleased him much1 from the eminent historian ,lord ,acton1 a recently capped doctor of ,st4 ,andrews ,university1 to whom ,bute had presented a hood made in the mediaeval fashion4#f ,the ,athenaeum1 ,july #e1 #ahie4 ,,dear ,,lord ,,bute1 ,i have just received the historic and venerable hood you are so very kind as to bestow on me4 ,it has a very real value to me as coming from you1 personally as well as from your sovereign position in the university to which ,i am proud to belong2 and ,i beg to thank you for it as heartily and sincerely as it is possible to acknowledge an act of friendship4 ,if ,i was not one of your own recommendation1#g #bjd ,i shall deem henceforward that you have adopted me1 just as if you had named me for the distinguished honour ,i have received4 ,believe me1 most sincerely and gratefully yours1 ,,acton4 ,towards the close of his three years' ,rectorship1 ,bute showed his interest in the city1 as well as the university1 of ,st4 ,andrews1 by presenting to it a handsome chain of office for the use of the provosts4 ,a member of the council1 who had himself passed the civic chair1 wrote thus to him in reference to this gift3 ,february #c1 #ahic4 ,i need not say what our appreciation is of your most handsome act4 ,in an informal conversation held yesterday by the ,provost1 ,dr4 ,anderson and myself1 it was agreed that while it was in the power of any wealthy man to perform the mere act1 yet there was only one nobleman in the three kingdoms who could perform it in the delicate and gracious way in which it will now come before the ,town ,council4 ,in the early autumn of #ahie ,bute was able1 in the course of a cruise in his yacht ,christine1 to revisit the ,orkneys1 and to set foot again in ,kirkwall1 ,egilsay1 and other spots sacred in his eyes to the memory of ,st4 ,magnus1 as he had done when a youth of twenty1 nearly thirty years previously4 ,these islands1 he notes1 are far more picturesque than ,i remember them before1 and ,i am much struck by the number1 industry1 and wealth of their inhabitants4 ,sidenote3 #ahie1 ,bute opposed by ,lord ,peel ,a cause of special satisfaction to ,bute1 and that for more than one reason1 was his re-election1 at the end #bje of ,november1 #ahie1 to the ,lord ,rectorship of ,st4 ,andrews ,university4 ,viscount ,peel had been nominated for the office by the party opposed to ,bute's policy1 and the ,master of ,balliol had sent to the students a printed testimonial to ,lord ,peel's qualifications1 and an urgent appeal to them to support his candidature4 ,this1 wrote a member of the professorial staff to ,bute1 is quite a new departure in ,rectorial elections1 and its legality is1 ,i should say1 as questionable as its taste4 ,he adds in the same letter3 ,we had a very large and influential meeting in ,london last evening of the ,st4 ,andrews ,graduates' ,association4 ,the ,president1 ,sir ,benjamin ,ward ,richardson1 made a very strong speech in your favour4 ,it was followed by what was virtually an ovation1 so enthusiastic was the whole assemblage4 ,a letter to the press1 shortly before the election1 stated that the writer could not understand how any man of honour and intelligence1 knowing all the facts1 could possibly stand in opposition to ,bute4 ,his comment on this letter was as follows3 ,i cannot for a single moment believe that ,lord ,peel knows the facts1 or that he in the least realises the fearfully burdensome nature of the duties4 ,his only alternative1 if elected1 would be either to take that yoke upon him1 or to neglect the duty of doing so4 ,the writers of some things that have appeared in the papers seem to be under the impression that the ,lord ,rector's sole duty is to deliver a literary address6 ,i enclose a letter received a few months ago3 you may show it to any one you please4 ,it may be good for some people at this juncture to know what the great ,presbyterian ,duke thinks4 #bjf ,the last sentence1 of course1 refers to the ,duke of ,argyll1 ,chancellor of ,st4 ,andrews ,university since #ahea1 whose eminent abilities and distinguished personal character placed him at that time in the very forefront of the ,scottish nobility4 ,the ,duke had written3 ,inveraray1 ,march #g1 #ahie4 ,i wish ,i could accept your invitation1 but in my present state of health1 barely recovered from a sharp attack of this insidious epidemic1 it is impossible4 ,you have always made ,falkland very pleasant to me1 and ,i enjoy seeing the great public spirit with which you discharge all your duties4 ,i hope ,i need not assure you of the indignation with which ,i have seen the attempt to arouse a sectarian spirit against you1#h whose whole course of conduct has been so signally liberal1 in the best sense of that much-abused word4 ,on learning the result of the election1 in which ,bute defeated his opponent by a majority of forty votes1 the ,duke at once wrote3 ,inveraray1 ,november #bh1 #ahie4 ,the telegram this afternoon was very acceptable4 ,i am glad that the ,university has not disgraced itself by electing any one else than you at this juncture4 ,as to ,lord ,peel himself1 ,i suspect that he now feels very much relieved4 ,no one of the many congratulatory letters received by ,bute on his re-election gave him more #bjg sincere pleasure than the following1 written by a member of the students' committee3 ,the #abj who won the election were the resident students of the university--those who1 without distinction of sect or political partisanship1 were most touched with the spirit and traditions of the place4 ,we feel sure that you look on this circumstance as having a value far above the mere figures of the majority4 ,sidenote3 #ahif1 ,a scheme that failed ,it was during his second term of office that ,bute conceived the project--which would probably have occurred to no one but himself--of restoring the vast ruined ,cathedral of ,st4 ,andrews1 or a portion of it1 for the purposes of a university church4 ,the plan might1 he thought1 be realised if every member of the ,scottish peerage could be induced to subscribe a thousand pounds towards it4 ,but there were at least three reasons which militated against the success of the proposal4 ,in the first place1 the pedigrees of the peers of ,scotland were in most cases a great deal longer than their purses2 in the second1 few of them were probably much interested in university education in general1 or in ,st4 ,andrews in particular2 in the third1 the majority of them were members of the ,episcopalian body1 not of the ,established ,church1 to which the university church would as a matter of course be aggregated4 ,it is curious that the only promise of substantial support received by the ,catholic ,rector towards a scheme which must1 it is to be feared1 be pronounced fantastic1 came from a wealthy nobleman who was not a member of either the ,episcopalian or the ,established ,church1 but a devoted and almost fanatical ,free ,churchman4 #bjh ,bute's academic labours and anxieties were diversified at this time by the preparation of a book in which he took great interest1 on the subject of the ,arms of the ,royal and ,parliamentary ,burghs of ,scotland4 ,the study of heraldry had always had an attraction for him1 although he was perhaps1 in practice1 sometimes more inclined to follow his own fancy than the rigid rules of that most exact of sciences4 ,i call ,bute a sentimental rather than a scientific herald1 a friend much interested in the subject once said of him2 and perhaps the criticism was a just one4 ,in any case1 his curious and out-of-the-way erudition found its scope in the production of this volume1 which he published in collaboration with ,mr4 ,s4 ,r4 ,n4 ,macphail and ,mr4 ,h4 ,w4 ,lonsdale in #ahig4 ,a copy with plates specially coloured under ,bute's supervision1 and handsomely bound1 was presented by the ,town ,council of ,rothesay to ,queen ,victoria1 who accepted it very graciously4#i ,an acquisition which ,bute was able to make at the beginning of #ahif1 and which gave him great satisfaction1 appealing as it did to his intense veneration for the religious monuments of the past1 was that of the ancient friary and chapel of the ,greyfriars in ,elgin4 ,he restored the chapel in its original ,franciscan simplicity1 and made it over for the use of the ,sisters of ,mercy1 already established in ,elgin4 ,the ancient stone tabernacle or sacrament-house1 detached from the altar1 was still preserved in the chapel2 and a long letter from the ,bishop of ,aberdeen 7then in ,rome71 among ,bute's papers1 shows that the #bji latter was engaged in the difficult task of trying to induce the ,sacred ,congregation of ,rites to derogate from modern rules and practice1 and to allow this interesting relic of the past to be again used for the purpose for which it had been originally intended4#aj ,writing to the ,provost of ,elgin1 in acknowledgment of a presentation made to him by the contractors and clerk of works employed at ,greyfriars1 ,bute said with his usual felicity of expression3 ,my purchase was one on which ,i must congratulate myself1 not only because in interest it has exceeded my expectation1 but because it has enabled me to be of some service to ,elgin by preserving an historical monument of considerable value to the town and district4 ,sidenote3 #ahif1 ,elected ,provost of ,rothesay ,bute had several years before this been solicited to allow himself to be nominated to the provostship of the ,royal ,burgh of ,rothesay4 ,he had not seen his way at that time to accept the offer1 but when it was renewed in the autumn of #ahif1 he signified his willingness to undertake the office1 and he was unanimously elected on ,november #f1 #ahif4 ,it was a source of legitimate pride to him to be called to the chief magistracy of the ancient burgh with which his family had been associated for five hundred years1 and in which five of his lineal ancestors had held the office of provost4#aa ,he applied himself to the duties #baj of the position with his habitual assiduity and care1 not infrequently travelling long distances to attend the meetings of the corporation1 and presiding at them with a combined dignity and aptitude for business which favourably impressed all with whom he was brought into contact4 ,he only once took the chair in the police-court1 sensibly leaving that department1 as he had done at ,cardiff1 to the charge of those better versed in police administration than himself2 nor1 as it happened1 was he qualified to preside at licensing-courts1 owing to the fact that he was himself a licence-holder for the sale of the produce of his ,cardiff vineyards4 ,no extensive schemes were carried out in ,rothesay during ,bute's tenure of the provostship2 but it is of interest to note that whereas the harbour had been greatly improved1 and gas first introduced into the town1 during the time 7#ahbi-ahci7 that his father was provost1 he himself1 during his term of office1 made a large extension of the pier1 and introduced the electric light4 ,he also interested himself in the sanitary improvement of the burgh1 and entertained the members of the ,sanitary ,congress1 which met at ,rothesay in #ahih1 at a garden party at ,mountstuart4 ,following his own precedent at ,cardiff1 ,st4 ,andrews1 and ,falkland1 he presented to the corporation a beautiful chain of office for the use of the provosts4 ,the occurrence of ,queen ,victoria's diamond jubilee during ,bute's provostship gave occasion for his further munificence2 and in commemoration of the event he placed in the council-chambers a series of heraldic stained-glass windows4 ,to each of the ,town ,councillors he presented a replica of the medal which he and the other provosts of ,scottish burghs received at a special audience given to them by the #baa ,queen4 ,bute gave pleasure to the councillors by reminding them that the ,scriptural quotation on the obverse of the medal--,longitudo dierum in dextera ejus1 et in sinistra gloria#ab--would probably be more familiar to them all in the rendering of the ,scottish ,paraphrase3 ,in her right hand she holds to view ,a length of happy days3 ,riches with splendid honours joined ,are what her left displays4 ,bute himself drafted the jubilee address from the corporation to her ,majesty1 and had it engrossed in facsimile after the original charter to the burgh of the year #adjj ,a4,d41 preserved in the ,british ,museum4 ,sealed with the ancient seal of the burgh1 and enclosed in a box made of the old oak beams of the drawbridge of ,rothesay ,castle1 lined with cloth of gold1 the address was1 at ,bute's instance1 presented to the ,queen by ,h4,r4,h4 the ,duke of ,rothesay 7,prince of ,wales74 ,it was one of the very few addresses on exhibition in ,london1 where it aroused considerable attention and admiration4 ,an anniversary of more personal interest to ,bute in the spring of #ahig was his own silver wedding day4 ,the event was celebrated with quiet happiness in the family circle1 and1 later in the year1 by a great reception in the ,exhibition-building at ,cardiff1 at which some three thousand guests were entertained4 ,bute1 who received a congratulatory #bab address on the occasion1 enclosed in a silver casket1 from his ,town ,council at ,rothesay1 gave public and permanent expression to his thankfulness for twenty-five years of happy married life1 by instituting both there and at ,cardiff1 what came to be known as the ,bute ,dowry4 ,this was the provision of an annual sum to be handed1 on the recommendation of the municipal authorities1 to some girl or girls of the poorer classes1 to enable her to get married4 ,the religious spirit in which ,bute founded this benefaction is seen from a letter he addressed to the minister of ,rothesay1 announcing his intention of attending on the first occasion of the dowry being awarded3 ,mountstuart1 ,december #bc1 #ahig4 ,i will put on the chain1 but not1 ,i think1 the gown1 as ,i will leave the religious ceremony entirely to you2 and ,i think it would be better if you read ,john ii4 #a-aa 7as well as the passage from ,ephesians74 ,the only reason why ,i stipulated for the reading of ,john ii4 #a-aa as a part of the ceremony1 was to impress the idea that that marriage is truly blessed to which ,jesus is called by humble prayer1 and at which nothing takes place but the natural and harmless gaiety which is consonant with ,his sacred presence and approval4 ,it does not matter at all who reads it4 ,sidenote3 #ahii1 ,failing health ,the success of ,bute's three years' tenure of the office of provost was proved by the unanimity with which the council1 at its conclusion1 expressed its wish that he would accept re-election for another term4 ,this would have included the fifth centenary of the erection of the royal burgh1 which it was proposed to celebrate in #aijj2 and ,bute1 notwithstanding his rapidly failing powers 7of which no one #bac was more conscious than himself71 consented to be nominated for a second term on certain conditions1 one of which was that he should be permitted to resign the office immediately after the centenary4 ,in his letter thanking the council for their invitation he thus alluded to his state of health3 ,i spoke of this1 when ,i first entered on the provostship1 by saying that ,i realised that circumstances might arise in which ,i should feel myself unable any longer to be of service to the burgh1 and should consequently be obliged to resign2 but that in any case nothing could reverse the past or delete the fact of the honour of the office having once been conferred upon me4 ,should the council re-elect me1 ,i can only say the same thing again4444 ,i take this opportunity of thanking each and all of the ,members of ,council for the honour they have paid me now for the second time1 as well as for all the kindness which ,i have always received at their hands4 ,while fulfilling his municipal duties at ,rothesay to the satisfaction of every one concerned1 ,bute had continued1 to the best of his ability1 and with undiminished interest1 to discharge his functions as ,lord ,rector of ,st4 ,andrews4 ,he was still able to carry out1 though not without fatigue and strain1 what he called the routine work of his office2 but he was no longer physically able to take the strenuous part he had formerly done in the government of the university1 and the defence of her interests at the ,university ,court and elsewhere4 ,early in #ahig he had heard with some dismay of the urgent desire of the students 7who were doubtless very imperfectly acquainted with the condition of his health7 that he should deliver a second ,rectorial address1 on the occasion of his re-election4 ,to this #bad effort he felt absolutely unequal1 and he wrote as follows to his assessor3 ,jan4 #ai1 #ahig4 ,you must do what you can to prevent the students insisting on another address4 ,they cannot know what they are asking4 ,i can get through my ordinary business1 but cannot attempt the impossible1 such as a ,rectorial address4 ,if ,i did1 my failure would be as annoying to them as it would be painful to myself4 ,please try to make them understand this4 ,i do not complain4 ,the night cometh when no man can work1 sooner or later4 ,it has come to me through overwork and anxiety as ,rector1 and it is perhaps better that way than many others4 ,but ,i am sure that those on whose behalf ,i have incurred it would not try to goad me into a fiasco which could only be distressing to all concerned4 ,bute probably knew well that this pathetic appeal to the good sense and good feeling of the ,st4 ,andrews students would not be made in vain4 ,between them and himself the feeling had never been otherwise than kindly and cordial1 with no trace of the misunderstandings or bitterness which had sometimes clouded his relations with other sections of the university4 ,they respected him as a great ,scottish noble3 they admired his zeal for1 and jealousy of1 the honour and reputation of their ,alma ,mater3 they were proud of his position in the world of letters1 of his deserved distinction as a munificent and discriminating patron of learning1 science1 and art4 ,most of all1 they were grateful to him for his continual and unfailing kindness towards themselves--kindness which he had proved not only by the generosity of his public gifts1 but by acts of private beneficence of which the outside world knew nothing1 and which he himself would have been the last to wish made public4 #a ,lord ,rosebery's brief tenure of the ,premiership 7#ahid-ie7 had just commenced at the date of this entertainment4 ,he had been ,foreign ,secretary during the two previous years4 #b ,the verdict was the unsatisfactory one of ,not ,proven--unsatisfactory1 that is1 to the public1 although doubtless preferable from the prisoner's point of view to one of ,guilty4 ,the present writer1 who chanced to hear the concluding part of the case1 well remembers the surprise caused1 both within and without the court1 by the judge's strong summing up in the prisoner's favour4 ,a legal kinsman of the writer told him subsequently what he had never before heard--that a ,scottish judge1 unlike an ,english one1 considered it his duty not merely to sum up the evidence impartially1 but also to direct the jury how to regard it from the point of view of a trained mind4 #c ,bute felicitously applies to ,st4 ,andrews1 seat of the first-called 7,greek3 protokletos7 of the ,apostles1 the word ,greek3 temenos--land cut off and assigned or dedicated to divine or sacred purposes4 ,syracuse was of old the ,greek3 temenos of ,ares 7,mars71 as the ,acropolis at ,athens was that of ,pallas ,athene4 #d ,bute himself was a keen curler1 thoroughly enjoying a spell at the roaring game with his country neighbours4 ,a family tradition records how1 night falling before the end of a hotly-contested march on ,the ,moss1 above ,mountstuart1 ,bute sent for footmen to bear lighted candles round the rink1 so that the game might be concluded that evening4 #e ,see ante1 p4 #if4 ,the popular appreciation of such kindly intercourse could hardly be shown more neatly1 and at the same time more humorously1 than it was on the occasion of a garden party given at ,mountstuart1 some years later1 in celebration of the majority of ,bute's eldest son and successor4 ,sir ,charles ,dalrymple1 who was present1 remarked on the success of the fete to one of the guests1 a ,buteshire farmer4 ,ou ay1 was the reply1 it was just grand a'thegither2 and the young ,mairquis--did ye obsairve1 ,sir ,charles8--he was mixing fine4 #f ,it is probable that the hood given to ,lord ,acton was a facsimile of that worn by ,bute himself with his academic robes4 ,this was copied by the university robe-maker 7but in richer material and colours7 from the ancient form of hood as worn by a ,scots ,benedictine monk who occasionally acted as his chaplain4 #g ,university ,college1 ,dundee1 had the right of presenting certain candidates for the ,honorary ,doctorate of ,st4 ,andrews ,university2 and ,lord ,acton was one of those so nominated4 #h ,the allusion is to an unworthy effort which had been made in certain quarters to stir up an odium theologicum against ,bute1 in connection with the proposed transference of ,blairs ,college to ,st4 ,andrews4 #i ,a supplementary volume1 ,the ,arms of the ,baronial and ,police ,burghs of ,scotland1 in which ,messrs ,stevenson and ,lonsdale collaborated1 was published in #aijc4 #aj ,an attempt had been made in ,belgium1 at the time of the ,gothic revival1 to restore the ancient use of detached ,sacrament-houses1 but it had been very decidedly negatived by the ,roman authorities4 ,in #ahfc the ,sacred ,congregation of ,rites definitely prohibited the placing of the tabernacle elsewhere than in the middle of the altar4 #aa ,portraits of four of these--the second and fourth ,earls1 ,john ,viscount ,mountstuart1 and the second ,marquess1 were presented by ,bute to the ,town ,council of ,rothesay4 #ab ,length of days is in her right hand1 and in her left hand riches and glory4--,prov4 iii4 #af4 ,bute's ,presbyterian friends and neighbours knew and respected his familiarity with1 and veneration for1 the ,scriptures4 ,he was a ,bible-loving man1 and very religious-minded1 one of them said of him3 ,i have heard that he always opened the meetings of the ,town ,council with a prayer he wrote himself4 ,see as to this1 ,appendix ,,iv4 #bae ,,chapter ,,xii ,,pluscarden--,,bute ,,as ,,architect--,,psychical ,,interests--,,conclusion #ahih-aijj ,the latest addition made by ,bute to his large landed possessions in ,scotland was one which on several accounts was the source of much interest to him during the last years of his life4 ,just as the chief attraction of ,falkland1 which he purchased in #ahhg1 had been the fact that it included the ancient royal palace and its hereditary ,keepership1 so the principal inducement to him to acquire1 as he did in #ahig from the ,earl of ,fife1 the ,morayshire estate of ,pluscarden1 was that he thereby came into possession also of one of the most beautiful and interesting ecclesiastical relics in ,scotland4#a ,this was the roofless church1 as well as considerable remains of the domestic buildings1 of ,pluscarden ,priory1 founded by ,king ,alexander ,,iii4 seven centuries before for monks of the little-known ,order of the ,cabbage-valley4#b ,in #baf the middle of the fifteenth century ,pluscarden had passed into ,benedictine possession2 and connected with this change of ownership were several architectural problems of the kind which it always interested ,bute to attempt to solve4 ,he had a dislike of the word restoration1 as applied to ancient edifices which were1 and still are1 so often spoiled in the process2 but he expended much time and care1 and not inconsiderable sums of money1 in putting the different portions of the venerable buildings--choir1 chapter-house1 dormitory1 and calefactory--into such repair as was possible4 ,he was deeply moved and gratified at being able to arrange1 in the summer of #ahih1 for the celebration of ,mass 7the first for fully three hundred years7 by a ,scottish ,benedictine monk1 in the perfectly-preserved oratory of the prior's lodgings4 ,illustration3 ,,pluscarden ,,priory4 ,it was characteristic of ,bute's scrupulous regard for tradition and order1 that before taking possession of ,pluscarden he applied to ,rome1 through the ,bishop of ,aberdeen1 for a sanatio1 in other words1 a sanction of his acquisition of the property of the ,church1 and asked if he should1 as a preliminary step1 give the refusal of the buildings to the ,benedictines of ,fort ,augustus4 ,a reply was received in ,september1 #ahig1 from ,cardinal ,ledochowski1 ,prefect of the ,congregation of ,propaganda1 to the effect that such an offer was not necessary1 and that the great benefactions already made by ,lord ,bute to the ,catholic ,church were to be considered as ample compensation4 #bag ,sidenote3 ,building achievements ,pluscarden ,priory was the last1 and to himself not the least interesting1 of the many ancient and historic buildings to the maintenance of which ,bute was in a position to apply his profound archaeological knowledge as well as the architectural skill and taste which made him1 as it was expressed by one well qualified to pronounce an opinion1 the best unprofessional architect of his generation4 ,it will be appropriate in this place to give a brief conspectus of the principal building operations which he undertook in the course of the thirty-two years between his coming of age and his too early death4 ,the restoration and partial rebuilding of ,cardiff ,castle was the earliest work of the kind undertaken by ,bute4 ,the lofty tower conspicuous on the southwest of the castle enclosure1 the restoration of the great southern curtain wall1 with its covered way1 and the erection of the noble staircase were among the most important of his building operations at ,cardiff1 which included also the discovery and partial restoration of the old ,roman walls and gateway1 the re-excavation of the moat1 and the clearing and re-marking the sites of the mediaeval friaries of the ,dominicans and ,franciscans4 ,most of the work at ,cardiff was carried out under the direction of the distinguished architect ,william ,burges1 who was responsible for the whole of the fanciful and elaborate interior decoration both of the castle and of ,castell ,coch1 the thirteenth-century fortress some five miles north of ,cardiff4 ,this castle1 which was in a completely ruined condition1 was restored by ,bute1 under ,burges's direction1 to its original state2 and experts in such works have pronounced it one of the most perfect restorations ever carried out4 ,two anecdotes of ,burges1 whose personality and #bah genius were both somewhat of the eccentric order1 may be here related on the authority of a distinguished and venerable member of his own profession1 who knew him well4 ,bute invited him to come and see his new house at ,mountstuart1 then nearly complete1 and took him into the great drawing-room1 where he called his attention to the ceiling with its lining of panelled mirrors1 on which were painted clusters of grapes and vine-leaves4 ,burges looked up1 shrugged his shoulders1 muttered ,i call that damnable1 and walked on4 ,burges was accustomed to keep with him in his office a favourite terrier1 which made itself occasionally disagreeable to visitors who called4 ,when it was pointed out that the effect of this might be to keep away possible clients1 ,burges only grumbled out1 ,a good thing too6 ,i have far too many as it is4 ,once a sporting friend came in to see him1 bringing his own terrier1 which he boasted was the best ratter in the country4 ,burges would not hear of this1 and the matter was at once put to the test4 ,the office-boy was sent out to some neighbouring purlieu for a sack of rats3 a rat-pit was extemporised out of drawing-boards1 architectural folios1 and other paraphernalia of the office2 and an elderly and distinguished client who chanced to call1 intent on business1 found the rat-hunt in full cry1 and the eminent architect and his friend in their shirt-sleeves1 hallooing on their respective champions to the slaughter4 ,sidenote3 ,restorations in ,bute ,bute contributed handsomely to the restoration funds of such historic edifices as ,st4 ,john's ,church at ,cardiff and others on his ,glamorgan estate2 and he re-roofed and put in complete repair the small twelfth-century church of ,cogan1 near ,cardiff1 which #bai had fallen into decay4 ,it may be of interest1 in this connection1 to quote a letter which he addressed to his brother-in-law and fellow-,catholic1 ,lord ,merries1 who had consulted him as to the propriety of his subscribing to the restoration fund of ,selby ,abbey1 which had been in great part destroyed by fire3 ,the question is one of some delicacy2 but its solution is facilitated by the circular which you have sent me1 which specifies various objects for which subscriptions are invited4 ,i can only advise you in accordance with my own practice in such matters4 ,you may reasonably decline to provide such adjuncts or accessories to ,anglican worship as pulpits and litany-desks1 service-books and altar-cloths1 lecterns and candlesticks4 ,but to give a donation towards the actual rebuilding of a most venerable monument of ,christian piety 7which your ancestors probably helped originally to erect7 is a thing which1 ,i conceive1 you may very properly do--and all the more so in view of your official connection with the county4#c ,bute's native and titular island1 which within its comparatively small area contains perhaps as many interesting remains of feudal and ecclesiastical antiquity as any district in the kingdom1 afforded him1 of course1 many opportunities of applying his archaeological and architectural knowledge to the congenial task of repairing and preserving these venerable fragments of the past4 ,prominent among them is the ruined eleventh-century castle in the middle of ,rothesay1 of which ,bute was hereditary keeper1 and of which he restored the gateway1 drawbridge1 and moat1 clearing away the mean modern #bbj tenements abutting on the castle1 and also re-building and re-roofing the great hall4 ,the ruined church of ,st4 ,blane1 also of the eleventh century1 was likewise partially restored by ,bute four years before his death1 when a large number of interesting objects were discovered among the foundations of the early ,celtic buildings4#d ,bute also restored the ancient castle of ,wester ,kames1 and rebuilt the wall round the venerable chapel of ,st4 ,michael in ,north ,bute1 to preserve it from further depredations4 ,the greatest architectural enterprise undertaken by ,bute in his native island1 or1 indeed1 anywhere else1 was the erection1 from the designs of ,mr4 7afterwards ,sir ,robert7 ,rowand ,anderson1 of the palatial house of ,mountstuart1 which replaced the plain old mansion burned down in #ahgg4 ,this great pile of pink sandstone1 with its curious upper storey of brick and oak1 vast marble hall and staircase1 high-pitched roofs1 corbelled oriel windows1 and beautiful private chapel with vaulted crypt1 was begun in #ahgi1 and at ,bute's death twenty-one years later was still unfinished4 ,his characteristic slowness in completing any architectural work which absorbed him is treated of1 with much else of interest in the same connection1 by ,sir ,r4 ,rowand ,anderson in his valuable appreciation of ,bute in his relation to architecture and architects4#e ,sidenote3 ,work at ,falkland ,palace ,bute's acquisition in #ahhg of the estate of ,falkland1 carrying with it the hereditary keepership of the ancient royal palace1 gave him even more scope #bba than ,mountstuart for indulging what some one once designated his passion for stone and lime1 or1 as the phrase would run in ,england1 for bricks and mortar4 ,falkland appealed to him not only as an architect1 but as an antiquarian4 ,the varied beauty of its sadly-dilapidated buildings1 and the long and romantic story of the palace and its occupants1 were to him of equally absorbing interest4 ,he spared neither time nor money in his work of restoring the historic pile to something of its ancient grandeur2 and it was said that for a number of years he devoted the whole available income of the estate to his building operations at the palace4 ,the corridors and floors were laid with oak and teak2 many of the rooms were elaborately panelled in oak1 and their ceilings emblazoned with heraldic and other devices2 while in the ,chapel ,royal1 the royal pew and ancient pulpit1 and the magnificent oaken screen1 were completely and carefully restored4#f ,besides the costly interior work1 mostly in the main or southern block1 ,bute executed much judicious excavation in and about the palace2 and it was a great satisfaction to him to discover in the garden the foundations of the great twelfth-century round tower1 dating from the time when ,falkland was in the possession of the ,earls of ,fife4 ,another interesting work was the restoration of the old royal tennis-court1 which ,bute was accustomed to say had been1 he believed1 last used for play in the reign of ,james ,v41 the father of ,mary ,queen of ,scots4 #bbb ,mention has already been made of ,bute's purchase of the site and remains of the ,augustinian priory of ,st4 ,andrews1 where he did a great deal of careful excavation and made many valuable discoveries4 ,at ,elgin1 too1 as has been seen1 he was able to acquire the interesting old monastery and church of the ,greyfriars2 and it was a particular happiness to him1 as it has been also to his youngest son1 who inherited his property in the county of ,elgin1 that this unpretending sanctuary--now a convent of ,sisters of ,mercy--should have been once again1 after more than three centuries1 made available for the religious worship to which it was originally dedicated4 ,sidenote3 #ahii1 ,catholicity of taste ,it is unnecessary1 even were it possible1 to give anything like a catalogue raisonne of ,bute's less important architectural achievements4 ,for more than thirty years1 in the graphic phrase cited by one of the most distinguished members of the profession1 his hands were never out of the mortar-tub4 ,no one familiar with the multitudinous and varied work executed under his immediate supervision during those years could fail to be struck by the catholicity of his taste1 as well as by his curious and detailed knowledge of all architectural styles and periods4 ,the feudal massiveness of ,cardiff and ,castell ,coch1 of ,rothesay ,castle and ,mochrum1 the graceful ,gothic of ,pluscarden1 the ,franciscan austerity of ,elgin1 the rich ,renaissance and ,jacobean details of ,falkland1 the ,byzantine perfection of ,sancta ,sophia 7copied by him in miniature at ,galston7--all these appealed to him1 each in its degree1 with equal interest and force2 and this catholicity of taste was reflected not only in the new buildings which he raised1 but in the ancient buildings which he #bbc repaired1 re-roofed1 or restored with such careful reverence4 ,every detail of such work was personally supervised by himself2 and he would be equally at home1 and equally absorbed1 in working out an heraldic design for the roof of an abbey church1#g excavating among the almost shapeless ruins of a mediaeval cathedral1#h elaborating a purely ,greek scheme of decoration for the oratory of his house in ,london1#i or studying the details of the ,sainte ,chapelle at ,paris1 the upper basilica of ,assisi1 and the ,gothic dome of ,zaragoza1#aj in order to reproduce something of their varied beauties in his exquisite private chapel at ,mountstuart4 ,the transparent honesty which was part of his character was manifested in such restorations as he undertook at ,cardiff1 ,rothesay1 and ,st4 ,andrews1 where at the cost of some aesthetic sacrifice1 and often at much added expense 7for the materials had sometimes to be brought from afar71 he carried out the work in a stone different in colour from the ancient building1 so that there should be no possible future confusion between the old and the new4 ,altogether it must be said that to ,bute's other titles of honour is to be added that of a noble patron of a noble art4 ,he enriched his native land with many splendid edifices1 and he probably did more than any man of his generation to preserve and secure for posterity the venerable and priceless relics of his country's' past4 ,cor suum dabat in consummationem operum1 et vigilia sua ornabat in perfectionem4#aa ,one of the last publications issued by ,bute 7it #bbd appeared in #ahii7 was a book entitled ,the ,alleged ,haunting of ,b---- ,house1 a curious1 if not altogether convincing1 account of certain phenomena said to have occurred at a country residence in ,perthshire1 which ,bute had leased for the purpose of psychical investigation4 ,he had always1 and more especially in the later years of his life1 been attracted by such questions1 and was at the time of his death a vice-president of the ,society for ,psychical ,research4 ,he was particularly interested in the subject of second sight1 of which he endeavoured to obtain first-hand evidence by instituting inquiries among the ,catholic ,highlanders of north-west ,scotland2 but the person whom he commissioned to conduct the inquiry was to a great extent baffled by the insuperable reluctance of the ,highlanders to communicate on such matters with a stranger4 ,bute himself maintained a very open mind as to all such phenomena1 although he did not of course dispute their objective possibility4 ,he had a profound distrust of paid and professional mediums1 and was fully alive to the physical1 moral1 and spiritual risks attendant on all such researches unless conducted with due precaution and under proper guidance4 ,one of the chief ornaments of the judicial bench1 who knew ,bute well1 once observed of him that if his vocation had been to the law1 he might have reasonably looked to attain the highest honours of that profession3 ,industry1 learning1 patience1 impartiality1 capacity for work1 a remarkable power of grasping facts and weighing evidence1 clearness of expression1 and a single-minded desire for truth--if these1 combined with a noble presence and a lofty integrity #bbe of character1 are qualifications for judicial office1 ,bute possessed them all1 and in a high degree4 ,sidenote3 #ahii1 ,effect of psychical study ,such qualities1 or most of them1 were no doubt equally serviceable when brought to bear on the obscure phenomena of psychical research1 which ,bute approached with the same unprejudiced detachment as he did the study of astrology1 or the problems from the nooks and corners of history with which he loved to grapple4 ,a friend ventured to ask him1 not very long before his death1 if he grudged the many hours he had devoted to these recondite investigations4 ,he replied emphatically in the negative1 adding after a pause3 ,i cannot conceive any ,christian1 or1 indeed1 any believer in life after death1 not being painfully and deeply interested in such questions4 ,for my own part1 ,i have never doubted that there is permitted at times a real communication between the dead and the living1 but ,i am bound to say that ,i have never personally had any first-hand evidence of such communication which ,i could call absolutely convincing4 ,the last words were spoken with a certain melancholy earnestness which made a deep impression on the hearer4 ,that ,bute's interest in these matters had no frightening or depressing effect on himself is shown clearly enough from a note in his diary in which1 after referring to his own rapidly-declining health1 he adds3 ,my study of things connected with the ,s4,p4,r4 has had the effect of very largely robbing death of its terrors4#ab ,with the resignation of his ,lord ,rectorship of ,st4 ,andrews at the end of his second term of office1 #bbf ,bute's public work may be said to have come to an end4 ,he had1 as has been seen1 conditionally accepted his re-election as ,provost of ,rothesay1 but as the time drew near his resumption of the office was seen to be impossible4 ,it was1 in fact1 in ,august1 #ahii1 three months before the time due for the election1 that he was struck down with what proved to be the beginning of his fatal illness4 ,he rallied for a time1 and his mind remained as unclouded1 and his interest in many things as keen1 as they had ever been2 but it became before long increasingly evident that there was no prospect of any return to the activities of the past4 #aijj was the year of the ,passion-play at ,ober-,ammergau2 and he had always hoped to go thither once again with his family1 and to renew in their company the well-remembered impressions made by his three previous visits4 ,when this could not be1 he rejoiced that his children were able to make the pilgrimage under the escort of an old friend1 and he interested himself in every detail of their journey4 ,as time passed on1 and his weakness increased1 reading and writing1 which had been the chief solace of his life1 were of course no longer possible to him4 ,he suffered little bodily pain during his last illness1 but much weariness and depression1 which he bore with his usual quiet fortitude and patience2 and the gradual declension of his remarkable mental faculties1 his keen intellect1 vivid imagination1 and retentive memory1 was 7it is a consolation to believe7 far less distressing to himself than it was to the devoted watchers at his sick-bed4 ,in the summer of #aijj he was removed to ,dumfries ,house1 in the hope that its more bracing air might be beneficial to him4 ,he had always1 as has been already remarked1 loved #bbg the beautiful old home of his ,crichton ancestors1 which both within and without was one of the most notable works of the brothers ,adam1 although the amenity of its surroundings had been to some extent spoiled by the numerous coalpits4 ,falkland is probably1 the most luxurious of my houses1 he had once remarked1 but ,i think ,dumfries ,house is1 perhaps1 the homeliest of them all4 ,the improvement to his health wrought by this change was unhappily only transient3 he grew gradually weaker1 and on ,october #i1 #aijj1 a few hours after being attacked by a second stroke1 he quietly breathed his last1 being then in the fifty-fourth year of his age4 ,sidenote3 #aijj1 ,death and funeral ,bute was buried1 according to his own wish1 in the chapel close to the sea1 within the grounds of ,mountstuart1 which he had fitted up some twenty years previously for ,catholic worship4 ,the funeral service was all the more impressive because of hired pomp and grandeur there was absolutely none4 ,his coffin1 made by his own carpenters1 was borne by his own workmen from ,dumfries ,house to the little wayside station1 whence it was conveyed to the sea1 and thence across the ,firth of ,clyde to ,kilchattan ,bay1 in ,bute1 where a great assemblage awaited its arrival1 and followed it for nearly five miles on foot1 the only carriage being that of the widow4 ,one who was present thus describes the sad procession3 ,through the russet and gold of the ,october woods it passed1 preceded by the cross and a long array of bishops and clergy1 and followed by the young sons1 the ,duke of ,norfolk1 ,lords ,loudoun1 ,glasgow1 and ,herries1 and many other notable people4 ,night was falling as our cortege reached the little chapel on #bbh the shore where the remains were to rest2 and the pine torches carried by the assistants threw a sombre glare on the coffin1 on which were laid a black and gold pall1 and the dead peer's coronet and the chain and green velvet mantle of the ,thistle4 ,vespers of the dead were sung3 black-robed sisters watched by the bier all night2 and next morning the dirge was chanted1 the requiem mass celebrated1 the five absolutions reserved for prelates and great nobles solemnly pronounced4 ,the single bell tolled from the little turret as the mourners silently dispersed1 leaving ,john ,lord ,bute to rest in peace within the ivy-covered walls washed by the waves which encircled his island home4 ,a few days after the last sad rites1 ,bute's widow1 with her daughter and three sons1 left ,england for the ,holy ,land1 in order to carry out his long-cherished desire that his heart should be interred in the sacred soil of ,olivet4 ,it was reverently laid in the tiny garden of the ,franciscans1 outside the humble chapel known as ,dominus ,flevit--,the ,lord wept--the traditional spot1 half-way up the holy mountain1 where the ,saviour shed tears over the approaching fate of the beloved city4 ,an oleander tree alone marks the place of sepulture2 but at the entrance of the little sanctuary is affixed a marble tablet bearing the following inscription3#ac #bbi ,,pax ,,esto ,,aeterna ,,animae ,,pientissimae ,,joannis ,,patricii ,,marchionis ,,iii ,,de ,,bute ,,in ,,scotia ,,vii ,,id ,,octobr ,,anno ,,domini ,,mdcccc ,,mortem ,,in ,,christo ,,obeuntis ,,cujus ,,cor ,,in ,,terram ,,sanctam ,,suprema ,,testamenti ,,cautione ,,delatum ,,guendolina ,,conjux ,,in ,,horto ,,huic ,,dominus ,,flevit ,,aediculae ,,annexo ,,quatuor ,,adsistentibus ,,filiis ,,id ,,novembr ,,eodem ,,anno ,,propriis ,,religiose ,,manibus ,,sepelivit #a ,conversing with a friend not long before his death1 ,bute thus characteristically referred to the point of view from which he regarded his acquisition of these two interesting estates4 ,having bound myself to provide landed property of a certain value for my younger sons1 ,i looked about for places which ,i might play with during my own life1 and leave to them afterwards4 ,hence ,falkland and ,pluscarden4 #b ,the ,valliscaulians 7,val des ,choux was the name of their first house1 in ,burgundy71 founded about #aaic by ,viard1 a ,carthusian lay-brother1 had about thirty houses1 most of them in ,france4 ,there were none in ,england1 but three in ,scotland--,pluscarden1 ,beauly1 and ,ardchattan1 of which the last two became ,cistercian priories a century before the ,reformation4 ,the ,order dwindled and became finally extinct about thirty years prior to the ,french ,revolution4 #c ,lord ,merries held the office of ,lord-,lieutenant of the ,east ,riding of ,yorks from #ahhj until his death in #aijh4 #d ,these are described in much detail1 and copiously illustrated1 in the ,proceedings of the ,soc4 of ,antiq4 of ,scotland 7vol4 x4 #crd series1 pp4 #cjg seq474 #e ,this appreciation1 specially written by the distinguished architect for the present biography1 is given in ,appendix ,v4 #f ,lord ,bute's second son 7and successor as ,keeper of ,falkland ,palace71 the late ,lieut4-,col4 ,lord ,ninian ,stuart1 ,m4,p41 who fell gallantly in action in #aiae1 further enriched the ,chapel ,royal in #aijf1 by hanging on its walls some magnificent ,flemish verdure tapestries of the seventeenth century4 #g ,paisley4 #h ,whithorn4 #i ,st4 ,john's ,lodge4 #aj ,called by the people the media naranja1 or half orange4 #aa ,he gave his heart to the consummation of his works1 and by his watchful care brought them to perfection4--,ecclesiast4 xxxviii4 #ca4 #ab ,see ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,h4 ,myers' remarkable obituary notice ,appendix ,,vi4 #ac ,written by ,dowager ,lady ,bute1 and translated into ,latin at her request by the author of this memoir4 #bca ,,appendix ,i 7p4 #b7 ,,english ,,prize ,,poem 7,written by ,bute at ,harrow ,school1 aet4 #ae-a_/b47 ,subject3 ,,edward ,,the ,,black ,,prince4 7,the footnotes are the young author's own7 ,when the long requiem's assuaging strain ,sounds high and solemn through the holy fane1 ,and loud and frequent in the darkened pile ,the organ's heavy swell is heard the while1 ,askest thou1 pilgrim stranger1 wherefore low1 ,in prayer unceasing1 mournful hundreds bow2 ,why choral hymns unceasingly arise1 ,and thuribles with incense cloud the skies1 ,while dying tapers glimmer pale and low ,upon the bloodless alabaster brow ,that only represents the hero now8 ,read sculptured on a grave that royal name1 ,so often blown abroad by noisy fame3 ,yes2 low as other men1 the caitiff tomb ,has dared to shroud his splendour in its gloom6 ,edward1 who once the ,knight of ,england shone1 ,lies cold and stiff beneath this sculptured stone4 ,the brilliant ,phosphor of a brighter day ,too soon in night is passed for aye away6 ,the lordly thistle blooms in purple pride2 ,the shamrock clusters by her sheltering side2#a ,and1 though from each full many a spray is riven1 ,unshaken yet they rise to friendly heaven4 ,the golden lily1 even in her tears1 ,full many a flower of vernal promise bears2 #bcb ,the pomegranate hangs fruitful on the tree2 ,the olive waves o'er many an eastern sea2 ,and strong beneath her eagle's sable wings ,the pine upon her fir-clad mountains clings2 ,the rose alone1 the fairest of them all1#b ,is doomed to see her bud of promise fall6 ,the green genista's golden bloom is shed1 ,her brightest offspring numbered with the dead4 ,o6 plundered flower1 ,o6 doubly plundered bloom ,whose fairest fragrance only feeds the tomb6 ',tis said that when upon a rocky shore ,the salt sea billows break with muffled roar1 ,and1 launched in mad career1 the thundering wave ,leaps booming through the weedy ocean cave2 ,each tenth is grander than the nine before1 ,and breaks with tenfold thunder on the shore4 ,alas6 it is so on the sounding sea2 ,but so1 ,o ,england1 it is not with thee6 ,thy decuman is broken on the shore3 ,a peer to him shall lave thee never more6 ,ring forth1 ,o mournful harp--no nobler strain ,than this to-day shall e'er be thine again4 ,see where amid her ruined towns and towers ,france broods upon her country's shattered powers4 ,ask her his glories--at the fatal name ,her olive cheek grows red with burning shame1 ,the tear starts flashing to her careworn eye1 ,she points where stiff and cold her children lie1 ,beneath the bloody sod of many a plain1 ,by victor ,edward's dreaded arrows slain2 ,from where on ,cressy's dark and trodden ground ,two kings were slain and princes died around1 ,to where ,limoges' streets ran red with blood1 ,and lives of thousands fed the crimson flood2 ,or where1 again1 in ,poitiers' fatal lane ,the flower of all her gay noblesse were slain1 ,and trodden down amid the gory clay1 ,in useless valour threw their lives away2 #bcc ,while many a lordly tower and holy spire ,fell blackened ruins to the invader's fire4 ,but not upon thy fields1 ,o ,france1 alone ,like meteor shot from sphere of light he shone4 ,rise1 ,spain1 and witness how thy fair ,castile ,has bled upon ,najarra's fatal hill1 ,when sullen ,najarilla's voiceless flow ,rang to the buckler's clang and falchion's blow1 ,and legions melted as a morning's snow4 ,but own that1 when before his victor brand ,he stretched defenceless all the humbled land1 ,it then was ,edward's voice that stemmed the tide1 ,and ,guzman only for his treason died4 ,ungrateful ,pedro6 gilt and sceptred slave6 ,ill hast thou merited the crown he gave6 ,the crown he gave1 and now1 alas6 has he ,who was the heir to ,england's sovereignty ,no diadem except the cerecloth band1 ,no sceptre but the taper in his hand6 ,the glory that embalms his brilliant name ,alone is deathless through the voice of fame2 ,or where1 adorned in many a loyal heart1 ,it burns unmoved till life itself shall part-- ,it lives undying there4 ,what other throne ,so meet for him who called those hearts his own8 ,but ,o6 when history with frigid eye ,shall write the lengthened list of deeds gone by1 ,and deal with justice1 passionless but true1 ,the meed deserved the living never knew1 ,forbid it1 ,heaven6 her voice divine should stay ,the tide of praise that swells his name to-day4 ,tell how1 when victory had wreathed his arms1 ,and peace at length replaced war's dread alarms1 7,such peace is theirs who can resist no more7 ,when captive led from ,france's vanquished shore ,a conquered monarch graced the victor's car1 ,the splendid trophy of the finished war4 ,say how1 eclipsed in an inferior's guise1 ,he scorned to feed with show the people's eyes2 #bcd ,and spurning ,roman conqueror's gaudy pride1 ,rode1 humble1 by the ,french usurper's side4 ,such deed as this shall live to mock decay ,when time has borne war's fading wreaths away4 ,the golden corn shall wave on ,cressy's plain1 ,the thrush shall sing in ,poitier's woods again2 ,the rosemaries upon ,najarra's hill ,shall perfume ,najarilla's noiseless rill2 ,the fields of ,france shall bloom in verdant pride1 ,unstained by ruthless conquest's crimson tide2 ,the summer roses bloom in far ,castile-- ,while1 levelled by the dart we all must feel1 ,the mortal victor lies--a wreck of clay1 ,once brilliant and as perishing as they4 ,there mark the armour that in life he wore ,hangs o'er his dreamless head6 ,o never more ,shall coat so princely fence so meet a heart6 ,and still1 as if demanding ne'er to part1 ,there yet the leopards in their sanguine shield ,alternate with the lilies' heavenly field4 ,one step aside1 and blazing through the gloom1 ,the pinnacles that deck the martyr's#c tomb ,rise high and glittering o'er the golden urn2 ,and there for aye the dying tapers burn1 ,as if they cried to men in protest high ,that soon their earthly honours all must die2 ,but that upon the ,christian's sainted shade ,alone is bound a wreath that cannot fade4 ,o6 ye who lie together1 levelled here1 ,in life so sundered and in death so near-- ,he who has shed men's blood to win a throne1 ,and he who for ,religion shed his own2 ,what thoughts unnumbered on the rapid mind ,arise1 with mingled grief and awe combined6 ,o6 for a worthier art with skill to paint ,the light eternal that surrounds the saint3 ,and justly mete the song of swelling praise ,the hero's virtues force our hearts to raise6 #bce ,shades of the great1 the holy1 and the brave1 ,whose earthly vestment slumbers in the grave1 ,teach us by bright example each to tread ,the heavenward pathway hallowed by the dead4 ,what though the trembling element of earth ,may swell again the clay that gave it birth2 ,what though again the wanton breeze reclaim ,the vital breath it lent to warm your frame2 ,not less ye live because our feebler race ,your lordly presence now no more shall grace4 ,where'er the wild and careless winds can blow1 ,where'er the ocean's cold1 dark waters flow1 ,where'er the heart heroic dares to die1 ,there--there your fadeless memory lives for aye1 ,till ,ruin claims her universal sway1 ,and worn-out ,time himself shall pass away4 ,,bute4 #a ,edward ,bruce was once ,king of ,northern ,ireland4 #b ,the symbols of the chief powers of ,europe are taken from a royal masque in the reign of ,henry ,,viii4 ,the pomegranate represents ,spain1 the olive ,italy1 and the pine-cone ,germany4 #c ,st4 ,thomas of ,canterbury4 #bcf ,,appendix ,,ii 7p4 #ea7 ,,hymn ,,on ,,st4 ,,magnus 7,written by ,bute at ,kirkwall during a visit to ,orkney1 in ,july1 #ahfg1 aet4 #ai47 ,glory be to ,jesus ,in the highest heaven1 ,for ,his grace triumphant ,unto ,magnus given-- ,wondrous grace that made him1 ,looking on the ,cross1 ,for the love of ,jesus ,count all things but loss4 ,born to all earth's splendour1 ,cradled by a throne1 ,he in very childhood ,knew ,god's love alone2 ,nazareth's holy stripling ,boyhood's pattern made2 ,through the years of manhood ,by his ,saviour stayed4 ,like to ,paul converted ,from a world of sin1 ,he into our ,master's ,sheepfold entered in-- ,till ,god's love within him ,lit and warmed him through1 ,as the bush of ,horeb ,burned but ever grew4 ,with the saintly maiden4 ,whom he made his bride1 ,for ten years a virgin ,lay he side by side2 #bcg ,like unto the angels ,of our ,god in heaven1 ,who in carnal wedlock ,give not nor are given4 ,from the ,lord's own altar ,haled1 the martyr died2 ,him the ,lord's own offering ,his last breath supplied4 ,earthy lilies stricken ,perish on the ground1 ,but ,god's witness dying ,fadeless glory found4 ,jesus1 by whose mercy ,magnus was victorious1 ,give us grace to follow ,in his footsteps glorious2 ,so by ,thee1 our ,saviour1 ,truth1 and life1 and way1 ,we may come where he is ,in undying day4 ,glory to the ,father1 ,glory to the ,son1 ,glory to the ,spirit1 ,three1 and three in one1 ,glory from his creatures ,both in earth and heaven ,to the ,king of ,martyrs ,endlessly be given4 ,amen4 #bch ,,appendix ,,iii 7p4 #ea7 ,,our ,,lady ,,of ,,the ,,snows 7,written by ,bute in ,november1 #ahfg1 aet4 #bj47 ,the world is very foul and dark1 ,and sin has marred its outline fair2 ,but we are taught to look above1 ,and see another image there4 ,and ,i will raise my eyes above-- ,above a world of sin and woe1 ,where sinless1 griefless1 near her ,son1 ,sits ,mary on her throne of snow4 ,mankind seems very foul and dark1 ,in some lights that we see it in1 ,lo6 as the tide of life goes by1 ,how many thousands lie in sin4 ,but ,i will raise my eyes above-- ,above the world's unthinking flow1 ,to where1 so human yet so fair1 ,sits ,mary on her throne of snow4 ,my heart is very foul and dark2 ,yes1 strangely foul sometimes to me ,glare up the images of sin ,my tempter loves to make me see4 ,then may ,i lift my eyes above-- ,above these passions vile and low1 ,to where1 in pleading contrast bright1 ,sits ,mary on her throne of snow6 ,and oft that throne1 so near our ,lord's1 ,to earth some of its radiance lends2 ,and ,christians learn from her to shun ,the path impure that hellward tends1 #bci ,for they have learnt to look above-- ,above the prizes here below1 ,to where1 crowned with a starry crown1 ,sits ,mary on her throne of snow4 ,blest be the whiteness of her throne2 ,that shines so purely1 grandly there6 ,with such a glory passing bright1 ,where all is bright and all is fair6 ,god make me lift my eyes above1 ,and love its holy radiance so ,that some day ,i may come where still ,sits ,mary on her throne of snow4 #bdj ,,appendix ,,iv 7p4 #baa7 ,a ,,provost',s ,,prayer ,the following was the prayer always said by ,bute at the opening of the meetings of the ,town ,council of ,rothesay1 during the term of his provostship4 ,it was composed by himself1 or rather compiled from two prayers contained in the ,roman ,breviary--one the ,collect for ,whit-,sunday1 and the other a prayer at the end of the ,litany of the ,saints4 ,,prayer4 ,o ,god1 ,who dost teach the hearts of ,thy people by sending to them the light of ,thine ,holy ,spirit2 grant unto us that the same ,thy ,spirit may inspire us in all our doings by ,his heavenly grace1 and bless us therein by ,his continual help1 that every prayer and work of ours may begin from ,thee and by ,thee be duly ended1 and that we1 who cannot do anything that is good without ,thee1 may so by ,thee be enabled to act according to ,thy will1 which is our sanctification2 through ,jesus ,christ our ,lord1 ,who liveth and reigneth with ,thee and the ,holy ,spirit1 one ,god1 world without end4 ,amen4 #bda ,,appendix ,v 7p4 #bbj7 ,,recollections ,,by ,,sir ,r4 ,,rowand ,,anderson #af1 ,rutland ,square1 ,edinburgh1 ,october #d1 #aibj4 ,i quite appreciate your desire that ,i should send you something of my recollections of the late ,marquis of ,bute1 for whom ,i had the honour of doing some important work4 ,lord ,bute's architects certainly had considerable opportunity of meeting him and getting to know him as he appeared in their department1 for one of the outstanding facts of his life was that he was never out of the mortar-tub4 ,it was one of his brothers-in-law1 the late ,lord ,herries1 ,i think1 who used to tell him that he would go down to posterity as the ,brick-and-,mortar ,lord4 ,but no one who had the privilege of knowing him ever associated his works with any of the ideas of quantity1 monotony1 and mere utilitarianism1 which the mention of the humblest of building materials might conjure up in the minds of people who had not that privilege4 ,quantity of production1 and expenditure of time and money had no prescribed relations to each other when time or money was required to procure the most appropriate material1 or time was required to determine the precise design4 ,i remember saying to him once1 when something had been delayed till ,i thought it must be tiresome to him1 ,why not let it be finished1 and off your mind8 ,his reply was1 ,but why should ,i hurry over what is my chief pleasure8 ,i have comparatively little interest in a thing after it is finished4 ,that saying supplied the key to much that1 without it1 might be misconstrued in the annals of his architectural undertakings4 ,what he did not consider of importance was allowed to go through at once4 ,what he thought of importance he made a matter for his personal thought1 and no detail was so small as to be secure of passing unobserved1 or so apparently insignificant #bdb that an indefinite delay might not be suffered till he had determined whether it was to be converted into a feature1 or at least the vehicle of an allusion to some idea which interested him4 ,the fact is that ,lord ,bute possessed great imagination1 learning1 and taste1 and an inexhaustible patience and power of calm deliberation before coming to any conclusion which he deemed to be of any importance2 and it so came about that he seldom1 if ever1 changed his mind and ordered anything to be altered after it had once been done4 ,i have heard a tale which was supposed to exemplify the nicety of his taste and the grand scale on which he gratified it4 ,the story may have been meant for a parable only1 but it narrated circumstantially how that his architect had imported a shipload of marble columns from ,italy1 and put them up in a certain palace which he was building for the ,marquis1 but that when his lordship came to see them1 behold1 they were not of the exact tint which he wanted1 so incontinently they were thrown out1 and another shipload was brought1 which turned out1 of course1 to be perfection1 of which the pillars themselves1 as they stand there to-day1 are the lively proof4 ,that the story of the throwing out of the pillars1 like the tale of the three hundred and sixty ,celtic ,crosses in ,iona1 which were said to have been thrown into the sea1 is apocryphal1 ,i gravely suspect4 ,the thing which it professes to relate never occurred in connection with any work in which ,i was concerned1 and ,i think ,i would have heard of it had it happened in any of ,lord ,bute's other undertakings1 at least in ,scotland4 ,the unlikely part of the story is that he had allowed himself to be landed with a vast quantity of the wrong stuff for such an important purpose4 ,the rest of it1 his fabled measures for getting himself out of the difficulty1 is quite true to his character4 ,i1 at least1 never knew him to be diverted from his intention on the score of delay or cost4 ,i remember a case which is somewhat in point1 his choice of the railings for the gallery of the great hall of his house1 or1 rather1 palace of ,mountstuart1 although the case is more interesting as an illustration of his mind in a more important aspect4 ,i had proposed1 in accordance with my duty1 a design strictly in keeping with the mediaeval character of the building4 ,lord ,bute1 however1 had seen and #bdc remembered the ancient and curious bronze railings which stand round the tomb of ,charlemagne at ,aix-la-,chapelle1 and he determined to take1 what was to him the opportunity of erecting a facsimile of them in ,scotland4 ,i went1 therefore1 to ,aix and made measured drawings of them on the spot4 ,by his directions ,i had the copies cast in ,edinburgh1 and they stand now in their place in ,mountstuart in all the variety and yet unity of their originals4 ,they are not ,florentine1 but if you ask me what should have prevented a ,florentine nobleman from erecting them in his palace in ,florence1 ,i could not tell you4 ,sentimentally1 at any rate1 they would have been appropriate4 ,i refer1 of course1 to the historical fact1 of which ,i am sure the ,marquis was aware1 that it was no other than ,charlemagne who relieved the ,florentines from the tyranny of the ,longobards1 and conferred upon them the freedom of a municipal government4 ,the influence of the art of ,peter de ,luna1 as seen in the style which was chosen by ,lord ,bute in matters connected with the ,chapel at ,mountstuart1 occurs to mind in this context4 ,that the famous ,spaniard was an architect1 or a discriminating patron of architecture1 ,saragossa testifies2 but he was more to ,lord ,bute1 he was the ,pope1 the ,benedict ,,xiii41 whose papal bull confirmed the foundation charter of ,st4 ,andrews ,university4 ,he was not acknowledged as ,pope by ,england or ,italy1 but he was acknowledged by ,scotland1 and that went a long way with ,lord ,bute4 ,that his lordship reflected on the possibility of his choice giving pain to any one who did not accept de ,luna's pontificate is1 ,i think1 unlikely1 seeing that without question1 he was confiding the execution of his whole ideas to an architect who was actually a member of a ,reformed ,church4 ,i pointedly omit to make any allusion in this context to the traditional authorship of the design of the ,cathedral of ,cologne4 ,lord ,bute's mind was steeped in history2 and on that account1 though he by no means always bowed the knee to authority1 his ideas1 like his conversation1 in matters of architecture were always interesting4 ,soon after the first occasion on which he did me the honour to consult me1 he told me that he made it his practice not to give all his undertakings into the hands of any one architect1 that he liked always to be in touch with several of the profession2 it was to his advantage1 he was good enough to say1 as well #bdd as his pleasure1 to hear the opinions of different men on the things of their trade4 ,if ,i may judge by the numbers of specialists in very different departments1 whom ,i used to meet on my visits to his lordship1 he had a satisfaction in their conversation and their ways of looking at things which was perhaps similar to that which ,sir ,walter ,scott records in his ,journal that he had found in the conversation of ,robert ,stevenson1 the engineer to the ,commissioners of ,northern ,lighthouses4 ,so far as ,i know1 ,lord ,bute never had any building done for himself in this country after any varieties of the style of ,ancient ,greece4 ,that this abstention in his particular case should be credited only to his wise sense of its unfitness for his purposes in a climate such as ours1 must be the opinion of any one1 who1 like myself1 ever had the privilege of visiting the remains of ,ancient ,greece in his company1 and of observing the extraordinarily deep impression which they made on him4 ,r4 ,,rowand ,,anderson4 ,p4,s4--,by way of footnote to the paragraph in which ,i mention ,peter de ,luna1 ,i may say that it was on a visit which ,i made to ,saragossa on ,lord ,bute's behalf that ,i was fortunate enough to procure a cast of de ,luna's now mummified head4 ,the cast ,i have now confided to the care of ,st4 ,andrews ,university4 #bde ,,appendix ,,vi 7p4 #bbe7 ,,obituary ,,notice ,,by ,,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,myers 7,from the ,journal of the ,society for ,psychical ,research1 ,november1 #aijj47 ,,the ,,marquis ,,of ,,bute1 ,k4,t4 7,,vice-,,president1 ,s4,p4,r474 ,magnus civis obit4 ,the death of the ,marquis of ,bute has removed from earth a great chieftain1 a great magnate1 a great proprietor1 yet withal a figure1 a character1 which carried one back into the ,ages of ,faith4 ,many will mourn the close of that life1--magnificent at once and munificent2 far-governing1 and yet gently thoughtful in minute detail4 ,some will miss in more intimate fashion the massive simplicity of his presence2 the look in his eyes of trustfulness at once and tenacity--that look which we call doglike1 when we mean to imply that dogs are nobler than men4 ,the youth whose vast wealth and eager religion suggested 7it was said7 to ,lord ,beaconsfield the idea of his ,lothair had become constantly wealthier and more religious as years went on4 ,amid the palaces of his structure and of his inheritance he lived a life simple and almost solitary2 a life of long walks and long conversations on the mysteries of the world unseen4 ,to a fervent ,roman ,catholicism he joined a ready openness to the elements of a more ,catholic faith4 ,that same yearning for communion with the invisible which showed itself in his ,prayer-books and ,missals1 his ,byzantine ,churches restored1 his ,english ,churches built1 showed itself also in the great crystal hung in his chapel at ,st4 ,john's ,lodge2 as it were the mystic focus of that green silence in the heart of ,london's roar2 and in the horoscope of his nativity painted on the dome of his study at ,mountstuart2 and in that vaster1 strange-illumined vault of ,mountstuart's central hall4 ,greek3 ',en de ta teirei panta ta t' ou'ranos e'stephanotai #bdf ,hardly had such a sight been seen since ,hephaestus wrought in flaming gold the ,signs of ,heaven1 and zoned the ,shield of ,achilles with the firmament and the sea4 ,for in like manner at ,lord ,bute's bidding was that great vault encircled with a translucent zone which pictured the constellations of the ,ecliptic2 the starry lights represented by prisms inserted in that dome of many-coloured glass4 ,therethrough1 as through a fictive ,zodiac1 travelled the sun all day2 with many a counterchange of azure stains or emerald on the broad floor below1 and here and there the dazzling flash of a sudden-kindled star4 ,it seemed the work of one who wished1 by sign at least and symbol1 to call down an intermingling of heaven's pomp upon that pavement which might have been traversed only by the pacings of earthly power and pride4 ,through such scenes their fashioner would walk2 weary and weighted often with the encumbering flesh2 but always in slow meditative brooding on the ,spiritual ,city1 and a house not made with hands4 ,a cruel superstition6 he said once of those who would presume to fetter or forbid our communication with beloved and blessed ,souls behind the veil4 ,a cruel superstition indeed6 and hardly with any truer word upon his lips might a man pass from the company of those who listen1 to those who speak4#a ,f4 ,w4 ,h4 ,m4 #a ,mr4 ,myers himself died on ,january #ag1 #aija1 only a few weeks after penning this striking tribute to his departed friend4 #bdg ,,appendix ,,vii ,,bibliography ,,lord ,,bute',s ,,published ,,writings4 7,this list does not include certain articles separately reprinted from the ,scottish ,review1 and all contained later in the two volumes of ,essays on ,home and ,foreign ,subjects1 published after his death47 ,order of ,divine ,service for ,christmas ,day1 according to the ,use of the ,church of ,rome4 #ahge4 ,the ,early ,days of ,sir ,william ,wallace4 #ahgf4 ,the ,burning of the ,barns of ,ayr4 #ahgh4 ,the ,roman ,breviary3 translated out of ,latin into ,english4 #b vols4 #ahgi4 ,the ,altus of ,st4 ,columba1 with prose paraphrase and notes4 #ahhb4 ,the ,coptic ,morning ,service for the ,lord's ,day4 #ahhb4 ,address written for the ,rhyl ,eisteddfod4 #ahib4 7,english and ,welsh47 ,address delivered ,november #bj1 #ahic1 at ,university of ,st4 ,andrews 7inaugural address as ,lord ,rector74 #ahid4 ,a ,form of ,prayer following the ,church ,office1 for the use of ,catholics unable to hear ,mass upon ,sundays and ,holidays4 #ahif4 ,on the ,ancient ,language of the ,natives of ,teneriffe4 #ahig4 ,the ,arms of the ,royal and ,parliamentary ,burghs of ,scotland 7in collaboration with ,j4 ,r4 ,n4 ,macphail and ,h4 ,w4 ,lonsdale74 #ahig4 ,order of ,divine ,service for ,palm ,sunday and ,whitsuntide4 #ahih4 #bdh ,the ,alleged ,haunting of ,b---- ,house 7in collaboration with ,a4 ,g4 ,freer74 #ahii4 ,the ,blessing of the ,waters on the ,eve of the ,epiphany 7in collaboration with ,e4 ,a4 ,w4 ,budge74 #aija4 ,essays on ,foreign ,subjects 7reprinted from the ,scottish ,review74 #aija4 ,essays on ,home ,subjects 7reprinted from the ,scottish ,review74 #aijd4 ,the ,arms of the ,baronial and ,police ,burghs of ,scotland 7in collaboration with ,j4 ,h4 ,stevenson and ,h4 ,w4 ,lonsdale74 #aijc4 ,the ,inquisition in the ,canary ,islands3 ,catalogue of a collection of original ,,mss4 formerly belonging to the ,holy ,office4 #aijc4 ,lenten ,readings from the ,writings of the ,fathers4 #aijf4 #bdi ,,index ,,acton1 ,john ,lord1 letter to ,bute from1 #bjc ,advowsons owned by ,bute1 #hd ,akers1 ,george1 #fd ,anderson1 ,sir ,r4 ,rowand 7architect71 #c1 #bbj2 his recollections of ,bute1 #bda-bdd ,andrews1 ,septimus1 at ,ch4 ,ch41 #de ,ardlamont murder trial1 #aii ,argyll1 ,george #hth ,duke of1 witnesses ,bute's marriage1 #ajf2 letters to ,bute from1 #bjf ,argyll and the ,isles1 ,angus ,bishop of1 #aec1 #aed -- -- -- --1 ,george ,bishop of1 #if1 note ,arundel ,castle1 ,bute at1 #aji ,astrology1 ,bute's interest in1 #ace1 #agf1 note ,,balfour1 ,arthur ,j41 ,lord ,rector of ,st4 ,andrews ,university1 #ahi ,baroda1 ,maharajah ,gaikwar of1 #ahc ,bayreuth1 festival at1 #aca1 #acb1 #aeg1 #afd1 #afe ,bellingham1 ,sir ,henry1 at ,harrow1 #bj ,belmont1 ,benedictine ,priory at1 #ajj1 #aec1 note ,benson1 ,rev4 ,r41 at ,ch4 ,ch41 #de ,bikelas1 ,greek3 ho kurios1 #acb1 #acc ,black ,prince1 ,bute's poem on the1 #bd1 #bca ,blackie1 ,professor1 death of1 #bjb ,blairquhan ,castle1 #d ,blairs ,college1 #aid1 #bjf1 note ,bodenham1 ,delabarro1 in ,rome1 #hh ,boyle1 ,archibald1 curator to ,bute1 #ai -- ,john1 #eh ,breviary1 ,roman1 ,bute's first idea of translating the1 #gj1 note2 work begun1 #aae1 #aaf2 his beloved child1 #abf2 published1 #abi ,bruno1 ,giordano1 ,bute's studies on1 #aci1 #adj ,burges1 ,william 7architect71 anecdotes of1 #bag1 #bah ,bute1 ,john #crd ,earl of1 #a2 monument to1 #c -- -- #ast ,marquess of1 #b2 portrait of1 as ,harrovian1 #bf -- -- #bnd ,marquess of1 character of1 #b2 early death of1 #c2 ,provost of ,rothesay1 #baj -- -- #crd ,marquess of1 his descent1 #a2 childhood of1 #c1 #d2 litigation about1 #e1 #f2 at ,galloway ,house1 #i-ad2 at private school1 #ad-ag2 at ,harrow1 #ai-bf2 first visits ,holy ,land1 #bf1 #bg2 at ,ch4 ,ch41 #bh et seq42 travels in ,east1 #cd-ch2 religious studies of1 #ci-dc2 postpones reception1 #dj1 #fc2 facsimile of sketch by1 #di2 his cruise to ,iceland1 #eb2 and ,st4 ,magnus1 #ej1 #aej1 #aea2 poems written by1 #bd1 #be1 #ea1 #bca-bci2 to ,russia1 #ee1 #fh2 comes of age1 #ee-eg2 at ,danesfield1 #fa2 received into ,roman ,church1 #ga1 #gb2 to ,rome1 #gd2 to ,palestine1 #ge2 on his conversion1 #gg1 #gh2 the newspaper press on1 #hj1 #ha2 founds ,western ,mail1 #hd-hf2 at ,rome during ,vatican ,council1 #hf-ij2 at ,cardiff and ,mountstuart1 #gh1 #ij-ih2 as philologist1 #ii2 marriage of1 #aje1 #ajf2 visits ,majorca1 #aac1 #aad2 his love of animals1 #aah1 #afi2 created ,k4,t41 #aba2 as landowner1 #abe2 acquires ,scottish ,review1 #abi2 his contributions to it1 #acj1 #adc2 as historical student1 #adc2 a ,home ,ruler for ,scotland1 #adi2 and foreign travel1 #aef-afh2 incog4 in ,sicily1 #afe2 mayor of ,cardiff1 #agc1 #agd2 receives freedom of ,glasgow1 #agi2 ,lord-,lieutenant of ,buteshire1 #ahj2 his benefactions to ,s4 ,wales1 #aha1 #ahb2 ,hon4 ,,ll4,d4 of three ,scottish universities1 #ahe2 on ,universities ,commission1 ib42 ,lord ,rector of ,st4 ,andrews1 #ahg et seq42 interested in ,jews1 #aie1 #aif2 makes maiden speech in ,parliament1 #aii2 re-elected ,lord ,rector1 #bjf2 as a herald1 #bjh2 acquires ,greyfriars1 ,elgin1 #bjh1 #bji2 ,provost of ,rothesay1 #bji-bac2 silver wedding day of1 #baa2 purchases ,pluscarden ,priory1 #bae2 his achievements as a builder1 #bag-bbb2 his interest in psychical research1 #bbd1 #bbe2 end of his public work1 #bbf2 last illness and death of1 #bbf1 #bbg2 funeral of1 #bbg2 his heart taken to ,jerusalem1 #bbh2 obituary notice of1 by ,f4 ,w4 ,h4 ,myers1 #bde2 bibliography of1 #bdg ,bute1 ,gwendoline1 ,marchioness of1 marriage of1 #aje2 takes her husband's heart to ,jerusalem1 #bbh --1 ,sophia1 ,marchioness of1 #c2 her character1 #d2 death of1 #e ,,canterbury1 ,randall1 ,archbishop of2 on ,bute as a ,harrovian1 #bd ,capel1 ,rev4 ,t4 ,w4 7,mgr471 at ,danesfield1 #fa2 at ,oxford1 #fg et seq42 his interview with ,liddon1 #fh2 receives ,bute into ,church1 #ga2 preaches at ,oxford1 #ga1 #gb1 #gi2 at ,nice1 #gc2 to ,palestine1 #gd-gf2 at ,mountstuart1 #aaf1 #aag ,cardiff1 coming-of-age celebrations at1 #ef1 #eg2 ,western ,mail started at1 #hd2 wine-growing at1 #aah-abj2 ,bute mayor of1 #agc1 #agd2 arms of1 #agd1 note2 ,university ,college at1 #ahd3 restoration of castle at1 #bag ,castell ,coch1 vineyards at1 #aah2 restored1 #bag ,chamberlain1 ,rev4 ,t41 at ,ch4 ,ch41 #de ,chiswick ,house1 leased by ,bute1 #abd ,christ ,church 7,oxford71 ,bute at1 #bh et seq42 his contemporaries at1 ib42 he gives ball at1 #cj2 fatal accident at1 #fe1 #ff2 revisited by ,bute1 #aab ,churchill1 ,lord ,randolph1 #ahb ,clarke1 ,william1 at ,oxford1 #fd ,clifford1 ,bishop ,william1 at ,vatican ,council1 #hg1 #hh ,constantinople1 visit to1 #cd1 #ch2 ,bute on1 #ade ,crichton-,stuart1 ,col4 ,jas4 ,frederick2 ,bute's tutor-at-law1 #h1 #ab2 ,m4,p4 for ,cardiff1 #hj1 #hd2 death of1 #ahj -- -- ,lady ,margaret1 #bb1 note2 psychical experience of1 #ei1 note1 #aag1 #aeb1 #afg ,cumbrae1 ,greater1 bought by ,bute1 #aeb ,cummins1 ,abbot1 #ajj1 note ,curtis1 ,admiral ,sir ,lucius1 #fd ,,dalrymple1 ,sir ,charles1 #ig1 #ih2 at ,mountstuart1 #bjb1 note ,danesfield1 ,bute's intimacy at1 #fa et seq4 ,disraeli1 ,b41 witnesses ,bute's marriage1 #ajf2 at ,norfolk's marriage1 #abc2 his novel of ,lothair1 #abd1 #acd1 note ,dumfries1 ,john ,earl of1 opens ,roath ,dock1 #aeb2 at garden party1 #aca1 note ,dumfries ,house1 #cb1 #aji2 death of ,bute at1 #bbg ,dundee ,university ,college1 its relations with ,st4 ,andrews1 #ahi et seq4 ,dupanloup1 ,bishop1 at ,vatican ,council1 #hg ,,east ,,hendred1 chapel at1 #dc ,egypt1 visit of ,bute to1 #aff ,elgin1 ,bute acquires ,greyfriars in1 #bjh1 #bbb ,essex1 ,thomas 7schoolmaster71 #ad2 his report of ,bute1 #ac ,etna1 ,mount1 ascent of1 #ce2 ,bute's description of1 #ce-cg ,,falkland1 purchased by ,bute1 #aeb2 visit to1 #aga2 ,easter eggs at1 #bjc2 restorations at1 #bba ,fergusson1 ,lady ,edith1 #dc -- ,sir ,james1 curator to ,bute1 #ai2 at ,dumfries ,house1 #cb1 #dc1 #ec2 on ,bute's conversion #fb1 note ,fort ,augustus1 ,benedictines of1 #aie ,,galloway1 ,randolph #ith ,earl of1 appointed ,bute's custodier1 #i1 #ai ,galloway ,house1 ,bute's boyhood at1 #i-ad ,galston1 new church at1 #aee ,gardner1 ,alexander1 #ade ,garibaldi's ,autobiography1 ,bute on1 #ada ,gibbon as historian1 ,bute's estimate of1 #adb ,gibbons1 ,bishop 7afterwards ,cardinal7 ,james1 at ,vatican ,council1 #hh ,gilbert1 ,sir ,f4 ,hastings1 #e1 #ai ,gladstone1 ,w4 ,e41 first ,chancellor of ,university of ,wales1 #ahe2 ,hon4 ,,ll4,d4 of ,st4 ,andrews ,university1 ib4 ,glasgow1 ,bute receives freedom of1 #agi2 presents ,bute ,hall to1 #ahe2 ,hon ,,ll4,d4 of1 ib4 ,glasgow1 ,george #fth ,earl of1 #aag1 #abb1 #aeb ,granard1 ,george #gth ,earl of1 #fd ,grant1 ,bishop ,colin 7of ,aberdeen71 and the ,scottish ,review1 #aca2 ,bute's grief at the death of1 #adg -- ,bishop ,thomas 7of ,southwark7 assists at ,bute's reception1 #ga ,grisewood1 ,harman1 at ,ch4 ,ch41 #cd ,grissell1 ,hartwell1 #ci note2 conversion of1 #fd2 letters to1 #fb1 #ij1 #afg ,,halsbury1 ,earl of1 #aga1 #agg ,harrow1 ,bute at1 #ai-bf ,hastings1 ,francis #ast ,marquess of1 tomb of1 at ,malta1 #ce --1 ,henry #dth ,marquess of1 at ,ch4 ,ch41 #bh2 early death of1 #eh --1 ,lady ,flora1 conversion and marriage of1 #abb2 death of1 #aee ,hay-,gordon1 ,adam1 #bc1 #bi ,henry1 ,lady ,selina1 death of1 #ec ,home ,rule for ,scotland1 ,bute in favour of1 #adh1 #adi ,howard of ,glossop1 ,clare ,lady1 death of1 #aee -- -- --1 ,hon4 ,alice1 married to ,earl of ,loudoun1 #ajf -- -- --1 ,hon4 ,gwendoline1 ,bute's marriage to1 #aje ,howell1 ,dean1 on ,bute as a philologist1 #ii ,huggins1 ,sir ,william1 tribute paid to ,bute by1 #afh1 #agb ,humphrey1 ,william1 #fd ,huntingdon1 ,selina1 ,countess of1 ,bute's veneration for1 #ed ,hypatia 7,kingsley's71 ,bute's opinion of1 #gi ,,iceland1 ,bute's cruise to1 #dh1 #eb ,ignatius1 ,father1 at ,llanthony1 #aja ,,jenkins1 ,canon1 books by1 #gi1 #ajb1 #ajc ,jerusalem1 ,bute's first visit to1 #bf1 #bg2 subsequent pilgrimages to1 #cd1 #ge2 compared with ,rome1 #afb2 ,bute's heart buried at1 #bbh ,jews1 ,bute's interest in1 #aie1 #aif ,,lane ,,fox1 ,,george1 conversion of1 #fd2 married1 #ib ,leighton1 ,mrs41 #cc ,leo ,,xiii41 ,pope1 sacerdotal jubilee of1 #adb ,leopold1 ,h4,r4,h41 at ,mountstuart1 #aaf1 #aag ,liddon1 ,dr4 ,h4 ,p41 at ,ch4 ,ch41 #da1 #de2 his interview with ,capel1 #fh2 at ,st4 ,paul's1 #ib1 #ic ,llanthony1 visit to ,father ,ignatius at1 #aja ,loudoun1 ,charles #aath ,earl of1 #aje1 #ajf --1 ,edith ,countess of1 accompanies ,bute to ,palestine1 #gd1 #gf2 death of1 #aac-aae ,louth1 ,randall #acth ,lord1 conversion of1 #fd ,,macsweeney1 ,father ,james1 ,s4,j41 #dj1 note2 #aaa ,magnus1 ,st41 visit to shrine of1 #ej2 relics of1 #ej1 #aej1 #aea2 ,bute's hymn on1 #ea1 #bch2 investigations as to1 #aej1 #aea1 #bjd ,majorca1 visit of ,bute to1 #aac1 #aad ,malta1 visit of ,bute to1 #ce ,malvern ,wells1 ,bute's private school at1 #ad-ag ,manning1 ,archbishop1 in ,rome1 #hi1 #ib2 officiates at ,bute's marriage1 #aje2 cloth-of-gold gloves for1 #ajg ,mansel1 ,dr4 ,h4 ,l41 at ,ch4 ,ch41 #de1 #dg ,maxwell1 ,sir ,herbert1 on ,bute's bees1 #bd --1 ,hon4 ,walter1 in ,papal ,zouaves1 #hh ,maxwell-,scott of ,abbotsford1 ,hon4 ,mrs41 and the ,scottish ,review1 #acj1 #adh1 #aej1 note ,metcalfe1 ,rev4 ,dr41 editor of ,scottish ,review1 #abi2 assessor to ,bute at ,st4 ,andrews1 #ahh1 #ahi ,montagu1 ,lord ,robert1 conversion of1 #ic ,moore1 ,lady ,elizabeth1 co-guardian to ,bute1 #e2 removed from office1 #h2 letters from1 #eb1 #ec2 death of1 #ahj ,mountstuart1 old house of1 #c2 ,bute at1 #id-ih1 #aaa2 beavers and wallabies at1 #aah2 burnt down1 #abc2 description of new house at1 #bbj2 ,bute buried at1 #bbg ,myers1 ,f4 ,w4 ,h41 obituary notice of ,bute by1 #bde ,,naples1 ,bute on the people of1 #aeh1 #aff ,newspaper press1 the1 on ,bute's conversion1 #hj1 #ha ,nice1 visit of ,bute to1 #fd ,norfolk1 ,henry #aeth ,duke of1 at ,arundel1 #aji2 marriage of1 #abb2 ,mayor of ,sheffield1 #agg --1 ,flora ,duchess of1 see ,hastings1 ,lady ,flora4 ,north1 ,lord and ,lady1 conversion of1 #fd ,northumberland1 ,henry #gth ,duke of1 #bh2 witnesses ,bute's marriage1 #ajf ,,oban1 cathedral1 services at1 #aca1 note1 #aec ,ober-,ammergau1 visits to1 #ajj1 #afc1 #bbf ,orkney1 ,bute's cruises to1 #ej1 #bjd ,our ,lady of the ,snows1 ,bute's hymn on1 #ea1 #bch ,oxford1 ,bute at1 see ,christ ,church2 ,mgr4 ,capel at1 #fg1 #ga2 visit of ,lord and ,lady ,bute to1 #aaa1 #aab2 ,st4 ,barnabas' ,church at1 #aab2 ,bute's interest in1 #ahd ,,paris1 visits of ,bute to1 #cd1 #gf ,patrick1 ,st41 the birthplace of1 #aca1 #acb ,peel1 ,arthur #ast ,viscount1 opposes ,bute at ,st4 ,andrews1 #bje2 defeated1 #bjf ,pius ,,ix41 ,pope1 receives ,bute1 #gd2 opens ,vatican ,council1 #hf2 prorogues ,council1 #ia1 note2 sends marriage presents to ,bute1 #ajf ,pluscarden ,priory1 purchased by ,bute1 #bae ,portarlington1 ,alexandrina ,countess of1 #fc ,provost's ,prayer1 ,a1 #bdj ,psychical ,research1 ,bute's interest in1 #bbd1 #bbe ,puller1 ,rev4 ,f4 ,w41 ,vicar of ,roath1 #ajc ,pusey1 ,dr4 ,e4 ,b41 at ,ch4 ,ch41 #df2 on secessions to ,rome1 #fg ,,rome1 ,bute's first visit to1 #gd2 during ,vatican ,council1 #hf-ij2 his views on situation in1 #ia1 #ie1 #aaj2 anecdote of ,american in1 #aab2 with ,scottish pilgrimage in1 #aeh2 compared with ,jerusalem1 #afb ,rosebery1 ,archibald #eth ,earl of1 at ,ch4 ,ch41 #bh2 to ,russia with ,bute1 #ee1 #fh2 his tribute to ,bute1 #adc2 speech of1 at ,r4 ,academy banquet1 #agg2 ,ch4 ,ch4 dinner given to1 #aih ,rothesay1 catholics at1 #gi2 ,royal visit to1 #aag1 #aah2 ,bute ,provost of1 #bji-bac ,rothesay1 ,david ,duke of1 ,bute's paper on1 #aga1 #agb ,ruskin1 ,john1 candidate for ,lord ,rectorship at ,glasgow1 #ahe ,,st4 ,,andrews1 ,bute's visits to1 #di1 etc41 #ahh1 #bjj2 ,lord ,rector1 #ahg et seq42 his rectorial address at1 #adc1 #ahg1 #aic2 he acquires priory-buildings at1 #bjj2 his re-election at1 #bjf1 #bjg2 proposed restoration of cathedral at1 #bfg ,transcriber's note3 no such page exists in the source book ,st4 ,john's ,lodge1 leased by ,bute1 #afi2 hospitalities at1 #aga ,sanquhar1 purchase of ,peel tower at1 #bjb ,sayce1 ,professor1 letter to ,bute from1 #afh ,scott-,murray1 ,charles1 #fa2 at ,nice1 #gb ,scottish ,review1 the1 ,bute's connection with1 #ba1 note2 acquired by him1 #abi2 his articles in1 #acj1 #acf et seq42 proposed transference to ,london of1 #aci2 ,bute's contributions to1 #adc ,sebright1 ,olivia ,lady1 #hi1 #ib ,sicily1 ,bute incog4 in1 #afe2 contrasted with ,italy1 #aff ,sinclair1 ,archdeacon ,william1 #ad1 #ae ,skene1 ,felicia1 ,bute's early friendship with1 #ca2 letter to ,bute from1 #age --1 ,dr4 ,william1 #ca2 and the ,scottish ,review1 #ace1 #acf ,smith1 ,bishop ,george1 of ,argyll1 #if1 note ,sneyd1 ,george ,e41 at ,harrow1 #bc2 an awful liberal1 #gi1 #id ,sorrento1 ,bute's letters from1 #aeh-afa ,spain1 impressions of cathedrals in1 #ib ,spalding1 ,archbishop ,martin1 of ,baltimore1 at ,vatican ,council1 #hg ,stevenson1 ,father ,j41 ,s4,j41 on the ,reformation1 #dj ,stewart1 ,hon4 ,fitzroy1 #ab2 ,hon4 ,walter1 #aa ,stuart1 see ,crichton-,stuart4 --1 ,general ,charles1 ,bute's co-guardian1 #e et seq42 death of1 #ahj ,,teneriffe1 ,bute visits1 #afg2 on the ancient language of1 #afh ,,valliscaulians1 ,order of the1 #bae1 note ,vatican ,council1 the1 #hf2 opened by ,pius ,,ix41 ibid42 prorogued1 #ia1 note2 decree of the1 #ij1 #ia ,vaughan1 ,archbishop ,bede1 ,o4,s4,b41 #aja1 note4 --1 ,cardinal ,herbert1 at ,st4 ,john's ,lodge1 #aga ,victoria1 ,queen1 golden jubilee of1 #ace1 #agb2 diamond jubilee of1 #baj2 address of ,rothesay corporation1 to1 #baa ,voguee1 ,eugene ,vicomte de1 #cd1 note4 ,,westcott1 ,bishop1 a master at ,harrow1 #bb ,western ,mail1 the1 started at ,cardiff1 #hd-hf2 on ,bute's marriage1 #ajf ,westminster1 anecdote of the titular abbot of1 #hg ,westminster ,cathedral1 divine office chanted in1 #aec1 note ,wine-growing at ,cardiff1 #aah-abj ,,zoological ,gardens1 ,bute at the1 #afi1 #agj ,,printed ,,by ,,william ,,clowes ,,and ,,sons1 ,,limited1 ,,london ,,and ,,beccles1 ,,england4