,,entered ,,at ,,stationers' ,,hall4 ,,london3 ,,printed ,,by ,,geo4 ,,nichols1 ,,earl',s ,,court1 ,,leicester ,,square4 ,illustration3 ,,fly ,,fishing ,,patronised ,,by ,h4,r4,h4 ,,prince ,,albert4 ,illustration ,,blacker',s1 ,,art ,,of ,,fly ,,making1 c41 ,,comprising ,,angling1 ,,dyeing ,,of ,,colours1 ,,with ,,engravings ,,of ,,salmon ,,trout ,,flies ,,shewing ,,the ,,process ,,of ,,the ,,gentle ,,craft ,,as ,,taught ,,in ,,the ,,pages4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,with ,,descriptions ,,of ,,flies ,,for ,,the ,,season ,,of ,,the ,,year ,,as ,,they ,,come ,,out ,,on ,,the ,,water4 ,,rewritten ,,revised ,,by ,,the ,,author ,,blacker1 ,,himself1 ,,fishing ,,tackle ,,maker ,,of #ed1 ,,dean ,,st1 ,,soho1 ,,london4 #ahee4 ,,contents4 ,page4 ,preface v ,the ,art of ,fly ,making #a ,an ,easy ,method to make the ,trout ,fly #c ,an ,easy ,method of making a ,plain ,salmon ,fly #h ,to make the ,trout ,fly1 in the best and most approved method #ac ,to make the ,palmer1 or ,double-,hackle ,fly #bj ,how to make the ,salmon ,fly1 as shown in the ,beautiful ,plate of ,engravings on ,salmon ,hooks #bc ,process of making the ,gaudy ,salmon ,fly #cj ,to make the ,winged ,larva #db ,a ,catechism of ,fly-,making #df ,the ,trout ,flies for the ,season #ee ,flies for ,march #eg ,flies for ,april #fj ,flies for ,may #fd ,flies for ,june #fi ,flies for ,july #gb ,flies for ,august #gf ,fishing ,rods and ,fly ,fishing #hj ,fly ,fishing for ,salmon #hh ,an ,account of the ,salmon1 and its ,varieties #if ,the ,salmon ,fry #ajj ,a ,description of the ,fifteen ,salmon ,flies ,engraved in the ,plates #ajd ,spring ,flies #aag ,salmon ,rivers #abj ,the ,river ,tweed #aba ,the ,river ,shannon #abc ,the ,lakes of ,clare #abd ,the ,lakes of ,killarney #abf ,lough ,curran1 ,waterville #acc ,connamara and ,ballynahinch #ach ,ballyna #adb ,ballyshannon #ade ,the ,rivers ,bush and ,bann #adi ,the ,river ,bann #aef ,lakes of ,westmeath #afc ,the ,river ,lee1 at ,cork #afi ,salmon ,rivers in ,scotland #agj ,the ,river ,tay #aga ,the ,dee and ,don #agf ,the ,river ,spey #agg ,the ,findhorn #agi ,rivers and ,lakes adjacent to ,fort ,william1 on the ,caledonian ,canal #ahj ,salmon ,flies for ,fort ,william1 c4 #ahf ,salmon ,flies for the ,ness #ahg ,the ,river ,shin #ahi ,the ,river ,thurso #aia ,the ,river ,esk #aid ,loch ,leven #aie ,the ,river ,allan #aif ,loch ,awe and ,river #bjj ,the ,rivers ,irvine1 ,girvan1 and ,stincher1 in ,ayrshire #bjc ,rivers of ,wales4--,the ,conway #bje ,the ,river ,dovey #bje ,the ,river ,tivey #bjf ,the ,wye1 ,monmouth #bjg ,the ,river ,severn #bjh ,the ,trent #bji ,rivers of ,york and ,derby #baj ,the ,hodder #baa ,rivers of ,derby #baa ,the ,rivers ,wandle and ,coln #bab ,bait ,fishing4--,the ,river ,thames #baf ,perch #bah ,barbel #bai ,pike #bba ,roach #bbd ,dace #bbf ,carp #bbf ,chub #bbg ,gudgeons and ,minnows #bbh ,baits #bbi ,the ,art of ,dyeing ,fishing ,colours #bcb ,to ,dye ,yellow #bcd ,to ,dye ,brown #bcf ,to ,dye a ,yellow-,brown #bcg ,to ,dye ,blue #bch ,to ,dye ,red #bci ,to ,dye ,orange #bdj ,to ,dye ,purple or ,violet #bda ,to ,dye ,crimson #bda ,to ,dye ,scarlet4 #bdb ,crimson ,red in ,grain #bdc ,to ,dye ,green ,drake ,feathers and ,fur #bdc ,to ,dye ,claret #bdd ,another way to ,dye ,claret #bde ,to ,dye ,black #bdf ,to ,dye ,greens of various ,shades #bdf ,to ,dye ,lavender or ,slate ,dun1 c4 #bdg ,blues #bdh ,a ,silver ,grey #bdh ,a ,coffee or ,chesnut #bdi ,to ,dye ,olives and a ,mixture of ,colours #bdi ,a ,concise way of ,dyeing ,colours #bej ,the ,materials necessary for ,artificial ,fly ,making #bef ,,preface4 ,i know not how to apologise for submitting a ,second ,edition of this little ,book to the notice of the ,angling few1 after the appearance of so many by clever writers1 except the many calls ,i had for it1 and a sincere desire of improving farther upon a craft that has not hitherto been clearly promulgated by a real practitioner2 consequently my great object is to benefit and amuse my readers1 by giving them something practical1 which at the present time may be particularly wanted by those who love to make their own flies1 whose wants1 without doubt1 will be found sufficiently supplied in this book2 the tyro will appreciate it as valuable to him1 and the senior angler who may1 perchance1 be in possession of it1 and who may be singularly fond of making his flies1 and amusing himself dyeing the hackles and colours1 c41 will1 ,i am persuaded1 consider it a treasure4 ,my endeavours have been unceasing for many years past1 in striving to please the great ,salmon ,fishers and ,trout ,fishers of this ,country1 and ,i must confess that my labours have not been in vain2 they have generously conferred upon me their very kind patronage and good will1 benefits for which ,i hold them in very great estimation4 ,under these circumstances1 ,i have taken much pains to write the book in a befitting manner to suit their tastes and purposes1 although my inability in many instances has been an obstacle1 nevertheless with all my faults ,i claim the title of ,fisherman1 an humble and unimportuned name which no reasonable dispensation can deprive me of4 ,from my boyhood1 ,i took great delight in ranging along the banks of the beautiful and romantic streams of my native land1 ,ireland2 and having also been for many years a skilful ,fly ,fisher of no little commendation1 in both ,great ,britain and ,hibernia1 it is my desire to impart to the world1 plainly and easily1 the knowledge ,i have acquired1 that all those who wish to become masters of the art1 may1 by patience and practice1 and a close adherence to the instructions ,i shall lay down1 derive the fullest benefit from my experience4 ,i have endeavoured in the following treatise on ,fly-making1 to divest the subject1 as far as possible1 of all technicalities and superfluities2 at the same time1 ,i have entered into such full details in the construction of the ,fly1 that by adopting the process ,i have pointed out1 and following the instructions ,i have given1 the aspirants to the art of ,fly-making may speedily become proficients4 ,in this little book there will be found nothing imaginary1 but it is purely written from the practice of angling1 so that ,i may without scruple1 justly entitle it ,,the ,,art ,,of ,,fly-,,making1 ,,angling1 ,,and ,,dyeing ,,of ,,colours4 ,it is also interspersed with many useful remarks that will no doubt agreeably entertain my readers4 ,no man has taken such pains to improve upon the angler's craft as ,i2 on every article in the whole range of fishing tackle ,i have made some improvement on rods1 flies1 lines1 reels1 and tackle of every sort2 and in these pages have left a lasting memorial of my handicraft to the fly-fisher1 from whom ,i have hidden nothing that might retard him in his progress1 and who will appreciate it for the great deal of matter propounded in little compass to prevent incumbrance2 that the lovers of fly fishing1 which has superior claims1 may have an opportunity of keeping it in their side pocket1--to be convenient and handy when on their piscatory excursions1 the exercise and variety of which will be found advantageous to the health1 and the calming of the mind--things not to be purchased2 enjoying at the same time the harmonious notes of the warblers of the grove1 and musing upon the diversity of the prospects around1 while straying along the beautiful streams and vallies of this delightful country4 ,the list of flies ,i have given1 will be found very valuable1 and the tyro will take great delight in imitating these flies necessary for use1 and suiting the colours exactly to each1 keeping to their symmetrical forms as they appear with his light materials4 ,this beautiful branch of fly-making1 peculiarly my own1 cannot fail to perfect the angler who is scientific and ingenious1 the result of which will be never-failing success4 ,i have added to the art of fly-making full instructions1 and the most approved receipts for dyeing mohair1 pighair1 feathers1 and other materials most useful and appropriate for imitating the natural flies and stuffs the most killing for ,trout and ,salmon2 and which will retain their brilliancy through all the vicissitudes to which they may be exposed4 ,to bring the ,engravings of the flies to the greatest perfection1 ,i have stood at the elbow of the artist who executed this part of the work1 that they might be turned out exact to my own models1 which renders them and the descriptions more intelligible1 as the shade in the fibre of each feather is shown in the plate1 in the clearest and finest manner imaginable1 that it may be properly seen how these artificial flies are constructed1--the resemblance of those beautiful ones1 the productions of the ,great ,author of ,nature1 that ,trout and ,salmon do love to feed upon4 ,i have also given the principal rivers of ,england1 ,ireland1 ,scotland1 and ,wales1 with the flies best adapted to each1 which will enable the fisher to have all things in readiness on his arrival at their localities1 and sally out on the finny tribe fearless of disappointment2 and for the younger branch of anglers1 ,i have shown the various sorts of fish1 with the tackle and baits best adapted to catch them4 ,the catechism of fly making which ,i have introduced will be found very curious and instructive to the young beginner1 and will afford him every opportunity of retaining the whole process1 that when rehearsed in the mind1 and perfectly understood1 he may apply1 with more certain facility1 the hand to both material and hook4 ,,published ,,by ,,the ,,author1 ,,william ,,blacker1 ,at #ed1 ,dean ,street1 ,soho1 #ahee4 ,illustration ,list of ,plates4 ,plate ,page #a4 ,blacker ,fly-fishing ,frontispiece4 #b4 ,titlepage4 #c4 ,an easy method to make the ,trout-fly opposite #c #d4 ,an easy method of making a ,salmon-fly #h #e4 ,the best method of making a ,trout-fly #ac #f4 ,to make the ,palmer's to face #bj #g4 ,how to make the ,salmon-fly #bc #h4 ,process of making the ,gaudy ,salmon-fly opposite #cj #i4 ,the plate of ,feathers to face #cd #aj4 ,to make the ,winged ,larva #db #aa4 ,plate of ,six ,flies ,catechism #df #ab4 ,plate of #ae ,trout-flies opposite flies for ,march #eg #ac4 ,plate of #af ,flies opposite #fe #ad4 ,plate of ,larvas and ,green ,drakes opposite #gh #ae4 ,plate of ,gaudy ,flies1 ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c1 opposite #aje #af4 ,plate of three ,salmon-flies1 ,nos4 #d1 #e1 #f1 opposite #ajh #ag4 ,plate of four ,flies1 ,nos4 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj #aaj #ah4 ,large ,spring ,salmon-fly #aaf #ai4 ,plate of #g ,flies and ,salmon to face #ade #bj4 ,plate of ,minnow tackle1 c4 to face #baf #ba4 ,plate of ,pike tackle1 c4 #bba #bb4 ,paternoster and ,barbel tackle #bcj ,illustration ,an ,extract of a ,review of ,william ,blacker's ,art of ,fly ,making1 c4 c4 c41 taken from ,bell's ,life in ,london1 ,april #hth1 #ahee4 ,,the ,,art ,,of ,,fly ,,making1 ,,angling ,,dyeing ,,of ,,colours4 ,,by ,w4 ,,blacker1--,mr4 ,blacker has been a celebrated trout and salmon angler from early boyhood1 and he is known to be the best maker of trout and salmon flies alive4 ,we have never seen such flies as his1 for naturalness of shape1 appropriateness of colour and for beauty and solidity of finish4 ,in making flies he has caught a grace beyond the reach of art1 and this he exhibits in the ,sanspareil work before us4 ,it contains no fewer than seventeen engravings on steel and copper1 of trout and salmon flies1 in every stage of fabrication1 from the whipping of hook and gut together to the finishing of the head4 ,these engravings1 every plate crowded with figures1 are executed after his own models and under his own ,surveillance1 and carefully and beautifully coloured1 he standing1 as he says1 by the artist's elbow4 ,they contain coloured representations of hackles1 wing-feathers1 fur1 silk1 tinsel1 in their natural state1 and prepared for forming the artificial insect4 ,his profusely illustrated instructions for making salmon-flies are entirely original there being nothing at all like them in any work extant1 and he must be a dull scholar indeed1 who shall not1 after brief study of them1 become his own salmon fly dresser4 ,mr4 ,blacker withholds no secret and spares no pains in developing by the aid of pen and pencil his own method1 and we consider it the best1 of making artificial flies for every variety of trout and salmon4 ,he gives numerous1 well-tried recipes for dying feathers and all other materials1 the colours necessary for the successful operations of the fly-maker4 ,he points out how rods are best made1 the best sort of winches1 lines and hooks1 and proves himself a safe guide to the purchaser4 ,he teaches how the rod1 and line and flies1 are to be used--the art of casting with them1 how a river is to be fished1 and how a fish1 whether trout or salmon1 is to be struck1 hooked and landed4 ,he describes the best trout and salmon rivers in the empire1 the right season for fishing them1 and gives an illustrated list of the flies1 stating the materials of what they are to be made1 that kill best on them4 ,on flies1 favourites of his from experience1 he dwells with pleased and pleasing minuteness1 and for the first time discloses how the winged larva1 a deadly invention of his own1 is to be constructed4 ,never1 was a book more honestly and conscientiously written4 ,it glows with deep-felt enthusiasm for his art1 and with a generous desire of revealing everything that pertains to the perfect acquisition of it in all its branches4 ,it is a work of great labour and long pains-taking1 unique at all points1 and no one could have written it but a practical angler of long1 passionate1 and devoted experience in the capture of salmon and salmonidae1 and of ne plus ultra perfection in the art of making artificial flies1 and concomitant fishing tackle4 ,the work is published by himself1 at #ed1 ,dean ,street1 ,soho1 and we recommend it more earnestly than we have ever done any other work of the sort4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an ,extract from ,bell's ,life1 ,april #bith1 #ahee4 ,i shall copy a few of ,mr4 ,blacker's patterns as given in his recently-published and very valuable work1 entitled ,art of ,fly ,making1 c4 ,he is by far the best flymaker ,i have ever known1 and his opinions on flies and fly-fishing deserve the attention of us all4 ,in the book just named he says of the ,yellow ,sally3--,this is the forerunner of the green drake or ,may-fly4 ,the trout take this little fly freely if made after this description3-- ,body1 buff-coloured fur and a small yellow hackle for legs round the head2 wings of the buff-coloured feather inside the wing of the thrush4 ,hook1 #ac4 ,several ways of imitating the ,may-fly4 ,first1 ,blacker's1 as given in his ,art of ,fly ,making3--,the body of this beautiful fly is made of yellow green mohair1 the colour of a gosling newly hatched1 and ribbed with yellow-brown silk1 a shade of light brown mohair at the tail1 and a tuft of the same at the shoulder1 picked out between the hackle1 the whisks of the tail three black hairs1 three-quarters of an inch long2 the hackle to be dyed a greenish buff 7dye1 according to my recipe1 a silver dun hackle with bars across it1 called a cuckoo17 or a light ginger hackle bordering on yellow4 ,the wings1 which should be made full1 and to stand upright1 are made of mallard's feathers dyed of a greenish buff1 or yellowish shade2 a brown head of peacock harl tied neatly above the wings on a ,no4 #f hook4 ,the wings may be made of the tops of two large dyed mallard's feathers1 with fibres stripped off at the butts of the stems1 tied back to back4 ,these feathers stand up well and appear very naturally in the water4 ,large-sized ones kill well in lakes1 with bright yellow mohair bodies ribbed with gold twist4 ,second way1 from ,a ,handbook of ,angling4--,body1 bright yellow mohair1 or floss silk1 ribbed sparingly with light bronze peacock harl2 wings1 mottled feather of the mallard dyed a pale yellow green4 ,they are to stand nearly erect1 and to be slightly divided4 ,legs1 a couple of turns of a red-ginger hackle2 tail1 three hairs from the rabbit's whisker4 ,hook1 #e1 #f1 and #g4--;,another way3 ,body1 yellow-brown mohair2 wings1 mallard's feather dyed yellow1 and black head2 legs1 yellowish hackle2 tail and hooks as before4 ,during the season of the ,may-fly1 should the weather be gloomy1 with a strong warm wind1 ,i would angle with three flies on the casting-line of different sizes1 and of colours slightly differing1 buff1 yellow1 and yellow-green1 and one of them made buzz4 ,the largest fly should be used as the stretcher2 the smallest the upper bob4 ,an ,extract from ,bell's ,life1 ,april #ast1 #ahee ,the ,ondine in the ,book of the ,salmon1 by ,ephemera1 ,gold tip2 tail1 small1 brilliant topping1 light blue tag2 body1 blue peacock harl1 closely ribbed with fine gold twist2 two joints of green trogan feather1 and one of red orange hackle under the wings1 and over their butts blue jay2 wings1 a careful mixture of fibres of bustard1 silver pheasant1 yellow and blue macaw teal1 guinea-hen and golden pheasant tail and neck-feathers1 surmounted by a topping2 feelers1 blue and yellow macaw1 and bright peacock harl1 head4 ,hook1 ,no4 #g and #h4 ,this waterwitch1 sculptured originally by ,blacker1 is properly called ,ondine4 ,the first time ,i saw it ,i nearly lost my senses1 and was upon the point of becoming its victim4 ,the ,may-fly and ,phelim ,rhu are best made by ,blacker1 of ,dean ,street1 ,soho2 ,phelim is one of his many good inventions4 ,dressed on the smallest sized grilse hook1 it will on dark days and evenings1 and in full water kill sea trout and large common trout in every locality4 ,see a celebrated claret fly plate ,no4 #d1 page #ajh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,prince ,albert's ,letter to the ,author1 enclosing ,l#aj4 ,nearly eleven years have rolled by1 since ,i sent a copy of the first edition of this work to ,his ,royal ,highness ,prince ,albert1 who conferred upon me much honor by a favourable reply to it1 at that time ,i took great pains to illustrate it with specimens of the most costly and beautifully executed salmon and trout flies imaginable1 many of which were worth a guinea a piece4 ,in this new edition for #ahee ,i have given numerous copperplates of these excellent killing flies superbly painted to suit the rivers of ,ireland1 ,scotland1 ,england1 and ,wales2 such choice specimens are they that ,i think salmon and trout will not refuse them in any river in ,britain1 they are models of gracefulness1 and will prove very attractive to the finny tribe1 they are all general favourite flies of mine1 and of the great salmon and trout fly fishers of the present day4 ,the angler should never fail to try them wherever he roamed in rivers known or unknown to him1 and succesful experience has given me an opportunity of recommending them with the greatest confidence1 they have killed fish when they have been half gnawed away1 and as a fisherman ,i look upon them with admiration although they are the work of my own fingers1 ,i think ,i will not say amiss if ,i predestinate that the real enthusiastic fly fishers1 nine out of ten1 will be in love with them4 ,,the ,,letter4 ,buckingham ,palace1 ,may #gth1 #ahdd4 ,mr4 ,anson is commanded by ,his ,royal ,highness ,prince ,albert to enclose ,mr4 ,blacker a cheque for ten pounds for the ,work on ,angling which accompanied his letter1 the receipt of which he will have the goodness to acknowledge4 ,,the ,,art ,,of ,,fly-,,making1 ,,etc41 ,,etc41 ,,by ,,william ,,blacker4 ,to give something that will convey a durable and correct idea of ,fly-making1 ,angling1 and ,dyeing of ,colours to my pupils1 is what ,i aim at1 and desire they should understand3 for when they are inhaling the fresh breezes on the river's bank1 observing with delight the varied tints and delicate forms of the winged insects skimming the surface1 and the sportive trout1 pitching over and over1 taking them down1 this is the time1 no doubt1 when far from the din of a busy town they will thank me for my trouble in directing their attention to the proper shades1 which is the most essential of all things in the ,art to be considered4 ,the amusement and pleasing recollections of the ,fly-fisher1 7when studying the various colours and materials necessary for the formation of the artificial fly--those fanciful ones which salmon take so freely1 and the imitating1 if possible1 by the aid of these materials1 those beautiful ones in ,nature71 will be infinitely more pleasing than can be well comprehended by a careless observer of the craft4 ,many a pleasant hour may be spent1 that otherwise would prove tedious1 when confined to quarters of an unfavourable day1 far from home1 looking over your dubbing book and tying a fly4 ,it gives relief to the uneasy mind by calming the disorders that disappointments may have caused1 and by cheering the hearts of those who pursue it as a relaxation and enjoyment4 ,the recommendations on ,angling are without number1 and there is nothing can delight the heart of the fly-fisher so much as to see the fish rise at the flies on the surface of the water1 and their beautiful appearance when landed on the bank2 this1 with the varied scenery which the windings of the river presents to the imagination1 as you roam along1 are inducements that cannot fail to gratify the admirer of sportive fish and rushing streams4 ,illustration3 ,,an ,,easy ,,method ,,to ,,make ,,the ,,trout-,,fly4 ,i have seen1 in days when the fish are not in the humour of taking1 a fly tied neatly near the tint1 somewhat gaudy1 will unquestionably entice them to rise1 and will decidedly be more advantageous than fishing without plan4 ,in days when the natural flies are most numerous1 the trout will not take the artificial fly so freely2 on the contrary1 when these insects are rarely to be seen1 if the angler can find the colour that is then prevailing1 and imitate it1 his success will be considerably increased4 ,in these pages will be found descriptions of ,flies that will kill well in every river and lake in the ,united ,kingdom4 ,and those in the ,hand ,book of ,angling1 and the ,book of the ,salmon1 by the celebrated ,ephemera1 will also be found excellent throughout the ,kingdom4 ,,an ,,easy ,,method ,,to ,,make ,,the ,,trout ,,fly4 7,see ,plate47 ,the tyro will provide himself with a dubbing book1 containing numerous compartments1 to hold feathers1 furs1 pig hair1 mohair1 hackles1 wing feathers1 silk1 tinsel1 scissars1 pliers1 knife1 and every other article necessary for fly-making--all of which may be procured at my ,shop1 #ed1 ,,dean ,,street1 ,,soho1 with ,,rods1 ,,reels1 ,,lines1 ,,gut1 ,,hooks1 ,,artificial ,,baits1 and every denomination of ,,fishing ,,tackle1 of the most superior quality in ,,london4 ,having laid out your materials on the table1 seat yourself by a good light1 and proceed as follows3--,take a piece of fine silk1 and pin one end of it on your knee1 take the other end between your left fore-finger and thumb1 and with the right1 take a small piece of shoemaker's wax1 well tempered1 and rub it all over the silk1 keeping it tight in your left till it is all covered with the wax1 rub it well on the end you are about to tie on the hook with1 to keep it firm1 for it will be found a very great object to use the wax throughout the making of the fly1 as with the working of the tying silk it rubs off with the hand4 ,there is a very beautiful silk of all colours to be had on spools1 which ribbons are made of1 that works very finely on the hook2 when you wax it1 take two or three folds of it1 and pin it evenly on your knee1 as before 7or hold it between your teeth and twist it71 twist it gently between your fingers a little so that you can wax it well1 provide a piece of leather about an inch wide and an inch and a half long1 double it1 and lay a piece of nicely tempered wax between the folds1 flatten it1 and when you wax the silk1 take the leather between your fingers1 open the edge of it1 and rub the wax on the tying silk in the same way as before1 and you will not break the silk so easily1 or dirty your fingers with the wax4 ,you now take the hook by the bend in the left fore-finger and thumb1 give two or three turns of the silk round the shank1 flatten the end of the gut a little1 which keeps it from drawing off1 and tie it on underneath about half way down the hook firmly1 this done1 lay on a little varnish with your pencil4 ,take a piece of finer silk to make the fly with1 and fasten it near the end of the shank1 do not bring the silk to the extreme end of the shank to leave room for the wings1 as they are apt to slip over on the gut if tied on too near4 ,you strip off two pieces from the woodcock or starling wing1 and lay them together evenly at the points1 that the wings may be double when tied on 7see the ,trout-fly wing cut out of the woodcock feather1 in the ,plate71 see that you do not make the wings too long when tying them on1 let them be a little longer than the bend2 press them tightly with your nails on the hook where you tie them on1 and do not clip the ends of the wings with your nails1 which gives them an unnatural appearance1 but whether you lay them on first1 or tie them on the reverse way and turn them back1 make a judgment of the proper length2 you now tie the wings on the reverse way at the end of the shank1 with two or three rolls of the silk1 give a running knot over it1 and clip off the refuse ends of the roots of the feather2 now before you form the body or tie on the hackle1 turn the wings up in their place with the thumb nail of the right1 and divide them in equal parts with a needle1 draw the silk in and out between them1 take a turn or two over the roots to keep them firmly in their place1 and fasten with a running knot behind them next your left2 then tie on the hackle1 to suit the size1 by the root 7the soft flue previously picked off71 close to the wings on its back1 and give a knot over it1 take the hackle by the point in your pliers1 and roll it over the shank close under the wings two or three times on its side1 keeping the outside of it next the wings1 then draw it 7the hackle7 right through them1 let the pliers hang with the point of the hackle in them at the head1 and take two turns of the tying silk over it1 fasten on the end of the shank which was left a little bare1 cut off the silk and hackle points1 give another knot or so to secure it before so doing1 and lay on a little varnish at the head2 now tie on a piece of fine tying silk opposite the barb on the shank1 take two fibres of a mallard feather and tie them on about three-eighths of an inch long for tail1 to extend over the bend of the hook1 and with one knot tie on a piece of fine floss silk about three inches long to rib the fly2 mix a little of the hare fur with yellow mohair1 and draw a small quantity of it out of the lump with the right hand1 take the hook by the bend in your left1 lay the silk and hair over the end of the third finger1 the hook being held in1 twist the silk and hair together and roll it finely to the shoulder1 give a running knot or two with the silk close to the hackle1 take care to have a little more of the fur next the shoulder to make the body nicely tapered2 you may continue to make the body from where you rolled on the hackle first1 and fasten at the tail1 and roll the hackle over it if the fly is to be of a long description2 tail your fly1 and tip it with tinsel1 and with two running knots finish opposite the barb1 at this point before you finish1 wax your silk well1 and touch with your varnish pencil3 if there are any fibres of the hackle or of the wing1 or the hair standing in a wrong direction1 clip it off with your scissars1 and your fly is completed4 ,you may tie on floss silk or peacock's harl for the body the same as the mohair2 and you can perceive that you may finish at the tail or at the shoulder1 according to fancy--do not lose sight of this plan4 ,illustration3 ,an easy method of making a ,salmon ,fly4 ,,an ,,easy ,,method ,,of ,,making ,a ,,plain ,,salmon ,,fly4 7,see ,plate47 ,tie on the salmon hook to a length of twisted gut or loop 7see the gut and hook tied on in the ,plate of ,salmon ,hook1 ,no4 #a7 firmly with strong marking silk well waxed1 and lay on a little varnish2 then take two pieces of turkey tail feather of equal size1 or mallard feather1 according to the colour of the wings you intend to make 7see the turkey tail and mallard wings prepared1 in the plate of feathers71 tie them on the reverse way1 a little longer than the bend of the hook where they are turned up 7see the wings tied on the reverse way1 ,plate ,,vii41 on ,salmon ,hooks72 these are tied on as the trout fly wings just described1 and when turned up appear like the wings of plate ,no4 #a1 in an easy method of making a salmon fly--in this plate may be seen every thing necessary in making a plain salmon fly--these flies will be found good killers a great way up rivers from the sea4 ,you hold the hook by the bend1 and tie in the hackle at the head of the fly by the root end1 and the tinsel to rib it in like manner 7see the hackle tied on and the tinsel1 ,plate ,,ii472 about the same place where the hackle is tied on1 tie three or four harls of the peacock's tail1 twist them round the tying silk1 and roll it down to the tail1 and fasten with a running knot 7see the body of ,plate ,,ii47 the tying silk is now left hanging at the tail1 where may be seen a small portion of the harl left cut1 to shew where it was fastened2 you roll the tinsel over the body to the same place and tie1 three turns of the tinsel is sufficient2 you then take the hackle by the end in your right hand1 and roll it sideways in rotation with the tinsel1 twisting it in your finger and thumb as you turn it over1 to keep it slanting from the head1 tie it in at the same place with a running knot1 and clip off the ends of the hackle2 you may tie in a short tail at this place1 wax your silk1 and finish with two or three running knots1 cut off the tying silk1 and touch them with a little varnish1 to keep them from slipping--press down the hackle between your fingers which slants it to the tail--as the hackle is run over the body from the head to the tail of this fly1 it will appear in the formation of the body 7,plate ,,iii41 on ,salmon ,hooks72 when the fly is made with the hackle only struck round the shoulder1 take two or three turns of it under the wings1 and tie it in there 7see ,plate ,,iii41 in an easy method of making a ,salmon ,fly74 ,the body may be seen in this fly with the tinsel rolled over it1 and tied in at the tail2 a piece of the harl1 tinsel and silk left to shew how it is done4 ,the tinsel and harl are cut off1 and with the tying silk1 which is seen hanging1 tie on a tail of topping1 or mohair1 feather of macaw1 mallard1 or any other to suit the taste or colour of the fly2 you may tie on an ostrich harl1 or peacock's harl1 head like ,plate ,i41 where the tying silk may be seen hanging3 the three flies on this plate1 which are correctly engraved1 will be found most valuable to the young beginner2 and it is an expert method for the salmon fisher1 when in a hurry1 to make a fly or two for immediate use4 ,when you wish to mix plain wings without dividing1 tie them on first at the end of the shank1 and form the head like ,no4 #a in this plate1 which ,i think is the neatest of any1 and suits best in rivers not very full of water4 ,if you notice this plate correctly1 it will be seen to correspond with the shape of the natural dragon fly2 and as this fly1 of various hues1 is reared at the bottom of the water1 it must be an alluring bait for the salmon and large trout2 for when it first leaves the element of its birth1 and proceeds to the banks of the river in a very feeble state1 directly it receives strength it commences skimming the surface1 preying upon the insects flying in the air at this time1 and1 when it comes weakly out of the water1 the fish1 no doubt1 take it freely4 ,there is another sort of fly that proceeds from the water1 about the size of the flies on this plate1 the body of which is of the colour of the blue feathers on the peacock's neck exactly1 its legs are a dark brown colour1 almost black1 hanging long1 and few of them2 the wings1 which stand upright on its back1 or ,i may say1 its head and shoulders1 for the head and wings at the roots1 and legs spring all out of the one lump which is very thick here in comparison to its beautiful slender body of many joints2 the wings1 ,i say1 are a bronze brown with a moon in all the four like the peacock's tail feather1 which in the artificial fly would be just the colour mixed with a little drake feather2 there are some of them all brown1 and some with bright green bodies1 and blue green as above2 all these beautiful insects must afford food for the fish4 ,this of course accounts for the artificial representation in use1 and it cannot be denied that they take them for natural ones1 which the fly-fisher1 according to fancy1 forms most fantastically1 varying on most of the rivers4 ,illustration3 ,the best method of making a ,trout-fly ,,to ,,make ,,the ,,trout ,,fly1 ,,in ,,the ,,best ,,and ,,most ,,approved ,,method4 7,see ,plate with ,picker74 ,the reader will lay out his materials before him on the table1 which consist of hook1 gut1 wings1 hackle1 feather for tail1 body of fur1 floss silk1 or peacock harl1 silk to rib it1 wax1 tying silk1 c41 all things now ready1 proceed as follows3--,wax a piece of fine ,china silk1 about a foot in length2 if it is spool or ribbon silk1 twist two pieces together1 and take one end between your teeth1 twisting with your fingers and thumbs1 not too much2 take the other end in the left1 and wax it up and down till it is covered with the wax all over2 you may pin it on your knee as in the first plan1 and wax it2 take the hook by the bend in the left hand1 say a ,no4 #f or #g to begin with1 placing your silk just waxed on the shank under your left thumb nail1 and give two or three turns of the silk towards you1 flatten the end of the gut a little1 and tie it on to the hook about half way down the shank1 at the same time hold the gut and hook tightly between your nails1 and shift it as you go up or down1 on the hook shank with the tying silk2 the hook firmly tied on1 take out one of the wing feathers of the hen pheasant1 and cut out of the centre of it two equal pieces to compose the wings1 7see the piece cut out for the trout fly wing in the plate of ,feathers71 you lay these two pieces together even at the points1 take them between the nails of the right hand1 place them on the end of the shank between the finger and thumb of the left1 and give two or three turns of the silk over them tightly1 winding the silk towards you1 cut off the roots of the feather slantingly with your scissars1 as this swells the fly at the shoulder when forming the body2 the wings are now tied the reverse way1 7see ,no4 #g ,plate1 at the sign of the picker47 ,the three flies at top of this plate ,i will explain1 when ,i show how the wings are turned back in their place4 ,you now turn the hook in your fingers and hold it by the head1 and of course you roll the tying silk from you2 form the tail1 body1 and hackle1 while holding your hook by the shank shift it in your hand till the nails are opposite the barb1 where you tie on a tail 7see ,plate ,,vii7 ,you now draw a little mohair or fur out of the piece lying on the table1 and lay it along the tying silk sparingly1 twist it round the silk1 and roll it up to the shoulder1 or nearly so1 and give a running knot2 take a small hackle and cut it at the point 7see hackle at the bottom of this plate71 or1 instead of cutting it1 draw it back a little with the fingers1 as you may see the grouse hackle prepared in the plate of feathers1 or hackle cut at point in the plate of feathers2 tie the hackle on at the centre of the body at the point where it is cut1 and give a running knot1 and to fill up the space between that and the shoulder1 roll on a little more fur1 and give a knot with the silk2 wax your silk occasionally1 as it wears off2 you now turn the hook round in the fingers and hold it by the bend2 this turning of the hook is the most curious and convenient part of it2 the hackle appears standing on the fly1 as in ,plate ,,ii41 or ,v4 ,you take the hackle by the end in your right hand1 and roll it up to the shoulder in a slanting direction1 giving it an extra turn or two at the head1 as you see ,plate ,,vii41 tie it down1 and cut off the stem of the hackle2 take the fly between your finger and thumb1 keeping the fibres of the hackle under them out of the way while you turn up the wings2 you now divide them in two with a needle or picker1 turn up the off side one first and tie it down1 then the one next you1 and turn the silk in and out between them1 to keep them asunder2 you then draw all under your finger and thumb1 and with the tying silk1 give two turns over the ends1 which forms a head1 and finish on the small bit of hook left at the head1 take a turn or two of the silk round the gut to guard it1 and take two running knots2 the fly now appears as ,plate ,,iv41 press the fly between the fingers which slants the hackle towards the tail4 ,as this is a valuable plate of flies to work upon1 ,i will here commence with ,numbers #a1 #b1 #c1 and then #e and #d1 these two latter flies are bodies of gaudy sea-trout ones1 or grilse flies4 ,the wings are tied on last of the three first flies--you hold the hook by the bend in the left1 and tie on the hook1 gut1 and tail1 as you see in ,plate ,i42 you then place on a little mohair to form the body1 as in ,plate ,,ii42 before you reach the shoulder you tie in the hackle1 as ,no4 #b1 and leave a little of the end of the hook to receive the wings1 and let the silk hang at the head2 you now take the hackle by the end in your right1 and roll it slantingly on its side or partly on its back1 placing the third finger of the hand1 the fly being held in against the hackle at each roll till you come to the shoulder1 take a turn of the silk over it cut off the stem1 and give a knot2 let the silk hang at the place you are about to tie on the wings1 the fly now appears as ,plate ,,iii41 and in this plate you may perceive the right length the hackle ought to be for the size of the hook2 you then cut off two pieces from the starling or woodcock wings1 and lay them together to make the wings of the fly full1 and to appear double when finished1 or a piece of mallard feather1 like the wings of ,plate ,,iv42 you now hold the fly between the fore-finger and thumb nails of the left hand1 close to where you see the silk hanging 7,plate ,,iii471 tie on the off side wing first1 holding tight by the nails to keep it on the top of the shank so that it will not turn round with the silk1 wax your silk here1 keep the middle finger of the left against it while you take up the other wing1 and tie it on in like manner on the near side2 this plan makes a division in the wings4 ,you must endeavour to keep them tight on the end of the shank1 or they will fall over on the gut1 but by holding tight with the nails1 and drawing tightly with the tying silk1 you may soon prevent mistakes1 and use every thing sparingly to prevent clumsiness or you will never get on4 ,now cut off the ends of the wings closely1 and finish with a turn or two1 and a running knot or two at the very head1 and the fly will appear like the finished fly1 ,plate ,,iv41 lay on a little spirit-varnish at the head1 which keeps it firm--7this varnish you may procure at the oil and colour warehouses1 or at doctor's shops1 that which is used for rods is best47 ,now for the two ,plates ,v4 and ,,vi43-- ,when the hook and gut is neatly tied on1 as ,plate ,i41 you take a hook1 size of the above two1 and a hackle to suit2 you hold the hook by the bend in the left1 and opposite the barb where you see the silk hanging at ,no4 #a1 you take a piece of tinsel1 tie it on1 and give two or three turns just immediately below where you tie in the tail 7see the tip of tinsel below the tail1 ,plate ,v471 take an ostrich harl and roll it on for tag1 which you will see just above the tip of tinsel1 then tie on a topping above that1 as you may see1 then the piece of tinsel to rib the body1 which you may see extending longer than the tail2 you now take a piece of floss silk1 fine1 and form the body of it from the tail to the shoulder1 as you see the taper body of ,plate ,v41 and during the interval tie in the hackle on the centre of the body1 at the point where the silk is hanging to receive the wings2 take the end of the hackle in your right 7first roll the tinsel as the body of ,plate ,,vi47 finger and thumb1 and roll it slantingly over the body in rotation with the tinsel1 as you see in this latter plate1 and tie it down at the end of the shank1 leave the silk hanging as in this plate1 touch it at this place with varnish2 you may wing it with turkey or glede 7kite's7 tail feather1 mallard1 c41 like the plate of the plain fly1 opposite ,no4 #g1 or like the wing of the gaudy ,irish salmon fly immediately under that number at the bottom of the plate1 7,i mention these two flies in this manner to distinguish them from the plate on ,salmon ,hooks74 ,these two are models of a plain1 and gaudy ,irish fly2 the delicacy of the body of the gaudy one1 as the silk and tinsel is so finely wrought between each joint of harl and hackles1 is beyond compare2 and the wing is finely mixed1 although not so perfect as the beautiful engravings of the twelve salmon flies4 ,before ,i begin the gaudy salmon fly1 ,i will here show how the palmer is made1 in two or three ways4 ,illustration3 ,,to ,,make ,,the ,,palmer ,,or ,,double ,,hacklefly4 ,,to ,,make ,,the ,,palmer1 ,,or ,,double-,,hackle ,,fly4 ,you tie on the hook firmly as before1 and prepare two hackles for the fly1 as you may see in the plate of ,feathers1 two hackles tied together at the roots1 which keeps them on their sides evenly while rolling them on2 you hold the hook by the shank in your left hand1 tie in the hackles1 the inside downwards1 that when tied on and finished1 the outside of the feathers appears to the eye 7see the hackle tied in at the points1 and the body and tinsel rolled on1 at the bottom of the plates of ,trout ,flies for the season72 tie in the tinsel to the body1 and the peacock's harl1 or mohair1 or floss silk1 to form it1 at the same place--turn the hook in your fingers1 and hold it by the bend2 take the harls in your right hand1 and roll them up to the head1 or mohair1 or your floss silk in the same way2 take a turn of the tying silk over1 with a running knot1 clip off the ends of the harl1 7leave a little of the end of the shank of the hook bare to finish on1 or you will not be enabled to roll the two hackles neatly up to this place74 ,next1 roll the tinsel over the harl1 and tie1 slope it as you go up2 then take hold of the hackles in your right hand1 and roll them over the body close beside the tinsel slopingly1 taking care at the same time to keep the third or middle finger of the hand the fly is held in tight against them at each turn1 and roll them closer as you go up to the shoulder1 pull them tight here1 and if there are any fibres left on the stem of the hackle that are superfluous1 pull them off1 still keeping your finger against them1 and holding hard the hook2 now take a roll or two of the tying silk over them and the knots1 give the stem another pull to tighten them1 and clip it off1 tie down the head neatly with two running knots1 and varnish it2 press the fly between your fingers to slant the hackles downwards2 and if any of the fibres of the hackles stand the wrong way cut them off1 although1 if they are rolled evenly together on their sides or back1 you will turn the fly out correct1--see the beautiful ,palmer in the plate1 with the hook tied in on the back1 which is a perfect model1--these hooks are tied together on the same piece of gut first1 and then make the fly over them4 ,it is difficult to perform this job until you know how to make a palmer on a single hook4 ,illustration3 ,how to make the ,salmon-,fly ,the foregoing is my favorite way of making a palmer1 but you must be proficient before you can manage it well4 ,i will here show how it can be made in a very easy manner1 when you are able to handle the materials1 and tie on nicely4 ,when you have the hook and gut neatly tied on1 take two hackles1 and tie them in at the end of the shank by the roots on their back1 tie in the peacock harl and tinsel to rib it at the same place2 holding your hook of course by the bend in the left hand1 take hold of the two hackles in your pliers by the points1 and when the tinsel and body is rolled on1 turn the hackles over the body close with the tinsel on their backs slopingly1 till you reach the tail2 here let go the pliers1 and they will hang with the ends of the hackles still in them1 till you take two turns of the silk over them1 clip off the ends of the hackles1 and tie it neatly with two running knots1 lay on a little varnish2 the fly will look rather rough in this method when finished1 but with a little pain you will soon accomplish it2 press down the fibres with your fingers1 and cut away the superfluities4 ,you should have a palmer ready made before you always while making this fly1 which will facilitate you in your progress4 ,when you find it difficult to place on the hackles first while you are making a fly1 pull off one side of the fibres1 and lay two evenly together1 and draw them back at the points where you tie them in1 as the hackle in the plate of ,feathers1 and roll them always slopingly over the body to the shoulder1 on their edge with the outside of them next the head2 and1 according as you come up to the end of the shank1 roll them closer1 which makes the fly appear full there1 press them well down with your fingers1 7see the three-hackle1 or ,palmer ,flies for ,trout1 #g1 #h1 and #i74 ,the hackles of these three flies are beautifully struck4 ,,how ,,to ,,make ,,the ,,salmon ,,fly1 ,,as ,,shown ,,in ,,the ,,beautiful ,,plate ,,of ,,engravings ,,on ,,salmon ,,hooks4 ,reader1 you will have an idea of the sorts of materials you require for the different processes on each hook in the plates1 as the models were tied by me in strict proportion1 and are most exquisite engravings3 ,you take a piece of twisted gut to form the loop on the fly1 double it over a needle1 or picker1 to form an eye1 and pare off the ends slantingly to lie nice and even when tied1 as you may see in ,plate ,i4 on ,salmon ,hooks2 wind your waxed silk round the shank of the hook about four or five times1 before placing on the gut2 hold the hook in the left hand near the end of the shank1 lay the gut-loop underneath1 and hold on between your finger and thumb tightly1 to prevent it turning round when you lap the tying silk over it1 and keep shifting your fingers down the shank out of the way of the tying silk in its progress to the tail1 which you will see in ,plate ,i4 ,you now draw out a small piece of yellow1 or red mohair1 keep it tight between the nails and tie it on1 first tip the fly immediately under the tail1 as in ,plate ,i42 you make it even with your scissars at the point1 as that tail is seen2 you now take a piece of yellow or orange floss silk1 and lap it from the tail about two-eighths of an inch up to where you see the hackle and tinsel tied in1 ,plate ,,ii42 after having tied the hackle and tinsel on as you see it there1 7you may draw the point of the hackle back1 as the hackle prepared in the plate of ,feathers1 instead of cutting it at the point1 as you may see also the hackle cut1 in the plate of ,feathers74 ,you now shift your finger and thumb up the body a little1 and just where you finished the knot over the floss silk twist a little pig hair round the tying silk sparingly1 and roll it over the shank to the head1 or within the eighth of an inch of the head1 as you may see in ,plate ,,ii42 you now take the two pieces of tinsel in the right hand and roll them up slopingly to where the silk is hanging1 ,plate ,,ii41 and whip it down2 you next take the stem of the hackle in the right hand1 and roll it evenly beside the tinsel on its side1 or partly on its back 7this is done by giving the stem a gentle twist in your fingers7 till you bring it to the head where there may be two or three extra rolls of it given to make it full at the shoulder1 or where you tie on the wings1 7see the hackle1 beautifully rolled on from tail to shoulder1 ,plate ,,iii74 ,you now take a piece of mallard feather1 stripped off with your nails1 and press it small at the end of the roots where it is to be tied on1 7see the ,mallard ,wing prepared in the plate of ,feathers72 you strip another piece like it1 and lay them even together2 you take the other two pieces in like manner and do the same1 so that each wing1 when tied on1 will be double2 you now take the fly1 ,plate ,,iii41 in your hand between the nails close to the shoulder1 and wax well the piece of silk that hangs here2 you take up one wing and lay it on at the off side1 and give two whips of the silk over it tightly1 holding on at the shoulder well with the left hand1 to keep the wing from turning round under the belly2 you now take up the near side wing1 and lay it on in like manner1 whipping it twice over1 and then a running knot1 7see the ,mallard ,wings1 tied beautifully on1 ,plate ,,iv472 and in that plate you see the root ends projecting over the loop1 cut them off1 and finish it with three or four turns of the silk1 and two knots1 close to the root of the wings to make all even4 ,i will now proceed to show how the other three flies are formed--#e1 #f1 and #g4 ,these may be termed middling gaudy1 and are famous for the rivers in the north of ,scotland1 or the clear waters of ,ireland4 ,you perform the operation of tying on the hook as ,plate ,i2 tip the fly at the tail1 and tie on a topping2 take a piece of black ostrich or peacock harl1 tie it in at the roots1 and roll it evenly over the shank two or three times 7see the harl tag1 ,plate ,v72 tie in the hackle above the ostrich tag1 leave it hanging1 and roll the twist up the body1 previously formed of floss silk nicely tapered 7see the ,body of ,plate ,v72 take the hackle in the right hand1 and roll it evenly with the tinsel1 and fasten it as ,plate ,,vi2 leave the silk hanging here to tie on the wings and the head4 ,the wings of ,plate ,,vii1 may be seen tied on the reverse way1 and the body and hackle formed afterwards2 they are now ready to turn back in their proper place to hang over the body1 this is done by turning them neatly up with the thumb nail of the right hand1 and laying them evenly on each side of the fly1 with the best side of the feather out4 ,the spots and shades which are perceivable in the wings and hackles of all the engraved specimens of fly1 are shown to great perfection--,i have described the whole of them1 to match the shades exactly1 so that it is impossible to go astray when tying on each fibre of feather4 ,we will now return to ,plate ,,vi1 and teach how it is to be winged--,you cut off a strip from the turkey tail feather1 which must be unbroken1 as a whole wing2 after measuring the proper length of it for the hook1 you draw each piece small with the nails where it is to be tied on1 as the strip is broader at the root1 so that1 take it on the whole1 it must be narrow where this piece of feather is made small at the roots1 as seen in the plate of ,feathers1 to keep it so whole1 touch it with a little varnish1 and let it dry a little on the table4 ,you take hold of the fly in your left hand1 close to the head1 draw the fibres of the hackle out of the way by placing them under your fingers2 take the wing in your right hand and lay it on1 catching it between the left finger and thumb on the top of the hook tightly1 and give two rolls of the tying silk over it2 take up the other wing1 like the last1 and lay it on the near side1 and lap the silk over it in like manner 7renew the silk with wax before the wings are tied on72 you now may tie on a few fibres of golden pheasant neck1 and tail feathers at each side of the wings just put on1 and a piece of macaw feather at each side2 head it with ostrich1 or roll a little pig hair round the silk sparingly1 lap it over twice1 and finish by giving two running knots over it close to the root of the wings 7see the wing of the middling plain ,salmon ,fly1 ,plate ,,ii1 immediately above the ,sea-,trout ,fly and ,may ,fly47 ,the reader will perceive in this plate ,,on ,,salmon ,,hooks1 that ,i have just described a garden1 as it were fully cultivated1 there is hardly a space left waste1 like the broad fields of industrious ,england1 whose sons never1 never shall be slaves4 ,all the other plates are likewise full of useful matter1 which will prove my hard labour1 and at the same time show that ,i have hid nothing from the ,fly-,fisher in all the processes4 ,if the fly 7,plate ,v41 ,,on ,,salmon ,,hooks7 is winged with feathers1 like the ,irish gaudy wing1 prepared in the plate of ,feathers1 it will be found to approach near the gaudy fly at the bottom of the plate1 with picker at top4 ,i will now describe the process of making the ,gaudy ,salmon ,fly1 the plate of which is invaluable to the ,salmon fisher3-- ,illustration3 ,process of making the ,gaudy ,salmon-fly ,,process ,,of ,,making ,,the ,,gaudy ,,salmon ,,fly4 7,see ,plate47 ,you commence by tying the hook and gut firmly together1 and that it may be more easy and convenient to the reader to accomplish this process of making the ,gaudy ,salmon ,fly1 ,i will tell how it is done in my own favourite way4--,take the hook in the left hand and hold by the shank immediately opposite the barb1 here fasten on a piece of fine tying silk1 finer than you tied the hook and gut on with1 tie on a piece of tinsel1 and roll it over the hook three or four times to tip the fly2 place the nail of the left thumb on it1 and tie with one knot 7see the tip on the first fly in the plate1 just below the ostrich tag72 take a middling size golden pheasant topping1 and tie it on just below the ostrich tag with a piece of tinsel1 about a finger length1 to rib the body 7see the tinsel72 take a hackle to suit the size of the hook1 draw it a little back from the point1 that is the fibres 7see the hackle ready to tie in at tail in the first fly72 take a fibre of ostrich1 tie it on1 and give two or three rolls of it from you1 and as you turn it over keep the soft pile of the feather towards the tail1 as this will make the tag appear even1 and give a running knot1 the less knots the better at this point to prevent clumsiness2 now take a piece of pig hair1 and twist it round the tying silk 7see the pig hair round the silk1 and the hackle tied on just above it71 roll the pig hair over the body1 giving it a turn or two between the ostrich tag and the hackle1 that when the hackle is struck it may appear from the centre of the fly to the shoulder2 the pig hair is now on1 roll the tinsel over it slopingly till you come within the eighth of an inch of the loop2 take hold of the end of the hackle in the right hand1 and roll it up on its edge1 or partly on its back1 in rotation with the tinsel1 and tie it down with two knots1 clip off the end of the hackle and tinsel4 ,if the fly is to be made with the hackle struck only round the shoulder 7see hackle tied in at shoulder1 on the second fly in this plate4 ,i have not numbered the three flies on this plate1 to distinguish it from the plate of ,,an ,,easy ,,method ,,of ,,making ,a ,,salmon ,,fly47 ,see pig hair body and tinsel rolled on2 shift your hand up the hook in the left1 and hold by the middle1 take the hackle in the right1 and roll it from you closely round the shoulder1 7see hackle tied in at shoulder71 leaving at the same time enough of the hook bare at the end of the shank to tie on the wings1 and to roll on the jay feather 7see jay hackle ready71 the hackle supposed to be rolled round the shoulder1 cut off the tinsel and pig hair which you see on the piece of silk1 leaving another piece attached in the same place to tie on the wings 7see the piece of tinsel and pig hair left at the head ready to be cut off1 and the silk hanging to tie on the wings--second fly74 ,the first fly1 which we made above1 is now no other in appearance than the third fly at the bottom of the plate1 which shows hook1 body1 and tinsel4 ,we now come to the most critical part of tying on the gaudy wings firmly1 7see mixed gaudy wing ready to tie on74 ,you take a neck-feather of the golden pheasant with a piece of silver pheasant tail1 a piece of peacock wing1 a teal feather1 and a piece of wood-duck1 c41 lay them all evenly together1 and break the fibres between your nails1 when you tie them on the hook to make the whole small1 as you may see done at the root of the wing in the plate2 take another golden pheasant neck feather1 and prepare it exactly like the last1 that the wing may be the same at each side when tied on2 you now take hold of the fly in the left1 the fibres of the hackle remaining under your finger and thumb1 cut away the bit of tinsel and hackle-stem first1 take the wing in your right1 and lay it on the best side next you1 and hold it tight with the left finger and thumb nails2 give two laps of the silk over it1 press it down tightly with the thumb nail1 and take another turn of the silk1 place the third finger against it to keep it on1 till you lay on the off side wing2 take it up as you did the other1 and tie it down at the small part of the end1 on the off side1 hold it tight between the left finger and thumb1 pressing it at the same time well down with the thumb nail of the right1 take two rolls of the silk firmly over it1 hold on manfully with the left1 and give it another nail or two with the right thumb1 make a running knot1 lay it down awhile to rest your fingers2 clip off the roots left hanging or projecting at the head closely 7be careful always to leave enough of the hook bare to receive the wings1 or you cannot manage it easily71 now take two or three turns more over the head to make it tighter and even1 leaving a little bit of the point to stand out2 you then take a strip of macaw1 and tie it on each side1 clip off the ends1 take an ostrich harl and tie it on about the centre of the head1 and roll it over from you two or three times1 the downy part of the stem next the loop to keep it all the one way1 and when up to the root of the wings1 take the silk which hangs here lap it twice over1 and give a running knot2 clip off the silk and end of the harl1 lay on a little varnish very lightly at the point1 and where the silk has been just tied down1 keep the varnish off the ostrich harl2 you may take a little pig hair1 and twist it round the silk1 roll it over the head very sparingly1 and finish at the root of the wings in the same manner1 laying on a little varnish4 ,illustration3 ,the plate of ,feathers ,i will here repeat the tying on of the gaudy wing1 with two or three fibres of various sorts of feathers1 c41 which may be a little more easy to accomplish than the foregoing to the young beginner4 ,when you have the tail1 tinsel1 and hackle put together on the hook1 and the eighth of an inch of the shank left bare to receive the wings2 wax the silk well that it may make the head firm1 and proceed thus4--,first strip off two fibres of the peacock's wing feather1 and place them with three or four fibres of brown mallard1 and the same quantity of spotted turkey tail1 add to it a piece of neck and tail feather of the golden pheasant1 with a little guinea hen1 teal1 and red macaw feather1 yellow1 orange1 and blue4 ,keep these all even together1 and break them at the roots like the gaudy wing in the last plate1 and divide them in equal parts2 now having mixed both your wings alike1 take up one wing in your right fore-finger and thumb nails and hold it tightly1 take up your fly with the left hand1 and with the right hand place the wing on at the off side1 laying it under the fore-finger of the left hand1 and with the right hand give two turns of the tying silk over it1 at the same time holding on tight between the nails of the left hand1 and press it down with the thumb nail of the right1 which keeps the head firm2 then in like manner take up the other wing and place it on the near side1 keep the wings the same length1 and to extend two eighths of an inch longer than the bend of the hook1 having taken two laps over the near side wing1 cut off the root ends at the head closely1 holding tight with the left-hand nails1 and press both wings down tightly with the right thumb nail2 wax the silk well here1 and lap it over the part where you cut off the ends evenly2 bring the silk down on the gut and give three or four rolls of it just below the point of the shank to guard it from friction when throwing the fly2 bring the silk up again close to the root of the wings1 and tie on a fibre of blue and yellow macaw tail feather for horns1 let them be the eighth of an inch longer than the wings1 clip off the ends2 take a jay feather and prepare it1 tie it on at the off side of the head with the bare side next the belly of the fly1 roll it with the right hand over the head1 about three turns1 and lap the silk over it while under the nail of the left2 cut off the stem1 lay on a blue kingfisher feather each side1 tie on a black ostrich harl1 give three or four rolls of it over the head1 letting the stem be next to the root of the wings as you roll it1 take it under the nail of the left thumb1 and lap two turns of the silk over it close to the root of the wings1 and with the finger and thumb press up the fibres of the ostrich towards the wings1 to make it stand even in its proper place2 cut off the silk1 and lay on a little varnish at the point of the head1 and your fly is completed4 ,as it is my intention to instruct the reader in every point necessary for his benefit1 according to my own knowledge and experience1 throughout the pages of this book1 it affords me much pleasure to be enabled to do so1 and to offer something to the fly-fisher worth having1 there is scarcely a page he opens that he will not find something valuable to himself1 if he is a real lover of the art4 ,there is a pleasure in angling that no one knows but the angler himself4 ,i will now show how the ,india-rubber ,green ,drake is made1 with a cock-tail1 like the beautiful engraving in the plate1 7see ,green ,drake74 ,the ,grouse1 and ,golden ,plover hackle may also be made in a similar manner1 to suit fine evenings in the summer1 without the tail4 ,to compose the fly1 take a piece of gold tinsel1 and cut a long strip of light india-rubber very thin1 hackle1 wings1 tail1 and all laid down ready1--tie the gut on the top of the hook1 to project about three-sixteenths of an inch below the bend1 or tie the gut underneath in the usual way1 and lay a piece of gut on the top somewhat thicker1 to work the tail upon1 7see the tail in the engraving1--look often at the flies to refresh the memory72 take three hairs of the mane of a black horse1 and tie them on the end of the piece of gut1 about an inch in length1 let the silk be fine and well waxed1 then tie in the end of the gold tinsel1 and the finest end of the piece of india-rubber at the tail1 that the thick end may be towards the shoulder to make it taper2 after the body is made very even with a little yellow floss silk1 hold the fly by the shank in the left hand1 with the nails in close contact with each other1 and roll the tinsel closely up1 shifting your hand2 this fastened down with the tying silk1 take hold of the india-rubber in the right1 and the extreme end of the gut tail in your left nails2 warm the rubber a little in the fingers to soften it1 draw it out to its full extent1 and roll it over the end of the gut1 and at every roll keep the third finger of the left hand tight against it to prevent it starting1 move the nails up the hook as you proceed with the rubber to the shoulder2 give two laps of the tying silk over it1 and a running knot4 ,the body now formed1 take a very light brown grouse hackle 7see the grouse hackle prepared in the plate of ,feathers1--the partridge and the plover hackles are prepared in the same way1 and all feathers of this shape for the throat1 you may either draw them back at the end1 or cut them like the wren tail feather71 and tie it on at the shoulder1 roll it about three times over on its back1 keeping the fibres down towards the left under the fingers1 tie the stem with a running knot1 and do not give too many laps of the tying silk at the head to make it bulky1 for it occasions the wings to turn round on the hook1 as then there is no foundation for them1 but when they are tied hard on the hook1 they sit firm--you can not wing it neatly otherwise2 to prevent a vacancy at the shoulder1 lay on a little yellow-green mohair to fill it up1 and roll the hackle over it1 you may now guard the gut with the silk before you tie on the wings1 do not allow the body of the fly to come too close up to the head1 or as ,i said before1 you cannot tie on the wings properly4 ,now take the dyed mallard feather for the wings1 strip two pieces off1 and lay them together for one wing1 and two pieces for the other wing in like manner2 hold the body by the left close to the head1 and lay on the off side wing first1 hold it tight under the nails of the left1 and take a turn or two of the silk tightly over it1 take up the other wing and lay it on1 catching it under the nails of the left1 taking two turns more over it in the same way1 and press it tight down with the nails of the right thumb1 give another turn or two of the silk1 press back the roots of the wings with the thumb nail of the right1 cut them close off1 roll the silk evenly over it1 and give two knots1 now take a peacock's harl1 tie it in by the root end1 and roll it over the head two or three times towards the wing1 and tie it firmly here with two knots of the tying silk1 cut off silk and harl1 lay on a little varnish1 and your fly is completed2 press up the head to make it look even1 cut off all superfluous fibres that may stand uneven1 so that all will appear like the plate4 ,there is another excellent way of making a body3--thus1 take a piece or length of very flat gut1 and soak it well in hot water till it becomes soft1 tie it in at the end of the tail as you did the india-rubber1 form a body nicely tapered of straw1 roll some white floss silk over it at intervals1 roll the soft gut closely over it to the head and tie it fast2 then put a small partridge hackle round the throat1 and wing it the same as before4 ,before you lay on the straw1 cut it taper to suit the size of hook you are using1 gold-beater's skin rolled over flat gold tinsel is also good4 ,i will here teach the making of the beautiful ,,winged ,,larva1 specimens of which are shown in the plate with the ,may ,fly4 ,there is nothing can exceed the beauty of these flies1 and as artificial specimens for killing fish during easterly winds they are invaluable4 ,it was in a strong east wind which lasted some weeks1 five or six years ago1 that ,i had such great success with this sort of fly in the river ,tweed2 grilse1 sea-trout1 and river-trout took it greedily4 ,the two engravings in the plate of these flies are very beautiful4 ,it would be a general killer in heavy running rivers under trees1 or in rapid streams4 ,illustration3 ,,to ,,make ,,the ,,winged ,,larva4 ,,to ,,make ,,the ,,winged ,,larva4 ,tie on the hook and gut as before 7say a hook about ,no4 #h7 and form a brown body of mohair on it1 wing the fly with a portion of hen pheasant tail feather and woodcock wing2 having the yellow brown body formed on the hook1 and the wings ready to tie on1 take a piece of the shrivelled larva you will find attached to the ends of the lengths of salmon gut1 choose those that are nice and taper1 and at the fine end tie on two fibres of golden pheasant neck feather for tail1 clip off the end of the gut1 lay on a little varnish at the end of the tail to keep it from coming off2 now tie on the larva close to the shoulder1 cut off the end of the gut1 lay on a little varnish there1 take some mohair of the same colour as the body1 and roll it over the throat to cover the tying1 leaving at the same time enough of the hook to receive the wings1 you then take a light brown grouse hackle1 off the neck of the bird1 and roll it twice round the shoulder for the legs1 or a woodcock feather1 to be found at the root of the wings1 outside1 the latter ,i think is best4 ,now tie the wings on a little longer than the bend of the hook1 clip off the ends at the head1 and form a head with a piece of peacock harl1 of a bronze colour as usual1 fasten with the silk1 and cut off all the superfluities4 ,it would be well to draw out a little of the mohair at the shoulder to hang over the larva body1 and to flatten the end of the gut a little where you tie on the tail1 which keeps it on4 ,tie the larva at the side1 so as it may appear like a double body to the fish in the water4 ,it may be made by tying on the wings first1 and let them remain until the body1 the larva1 and the hackle1 are all tied in their proper places1 and then turn back the wings over the body with your thumb nail1 and tie them firmly down with the silk1 taking two laps over the roots1 and finish with two knots on the end of the shank immediately above the head4 ,do not neglect to tie in the larva tightly below the wings at the shoulder1 to prevent it drawing out from the mohair body4 ,you must hold on tight and press it well down with the nail of the right thumb1 as you do the wings when tying them on last4 ,it is best to look at the larvas engraved in the plate occasionally1 to give you an idea how it is done4 ,when the wings are turned up last1 and a head formed of the root of them with the tying silk1 you next roll on a piece of brown peacock harl at the root of the wings1 a harl with long pile or fibres is best1 as you can press it up with your fingers to hang over the root of the wings4 ,the great nicety in making this fly to look well is1 in tying on the two fibres of the golden pheasant feathers at the tail with fine silk1 and the tying on of the larva itself at the shoulder of the fly1 and then covering the silk that appeared bare with a little mohair twisted round the tying silk1 and then rolled over it2 it is over this bit of mohair the hackle should be rolled1 and secured with two knots4 ,the wing of the small larva in the plate is tied on last1 and a most curious and killing looking fly it is2 the other one does best in deep water1 or for grilse or sea-trout in ,july and ,august1 particularly in the latter month4 ,the ,salmon ,fly1 ,no4 #aa1 in the centre of the plate1 with the larvas1 is a capital specimen for the light streams north of the ,tweed1 and would kill well in that splendid river at low water in summer1 particularly at the ,throughs1 three miles above the town of ,kelso4 ,the above fly ,i will describe hereafter1 with the other engravings in the plates4 ,to proceed regularly with the various methods of ,fly ,making1 before touching on another subject1 will be much more convenient to the tyro as he proceeds1 so ,i will finish this branch of an ,angler's ,education with a ,catechism1 which will be found instructive and very curious to the beginner4 ,it is accompanied with a copper-plate engraving of six flies1 showing the whole process to the eye1 which cannot fail to give a lasting idea to the fly maker who will properly study it4 ,in this last process1 the reader should lay out every thing necessary for making a single fly in a piece of folded paper1 so that he can look at the various articles as he rehearses them over in the book1--this will keep them more strongly in his mind4 ,have each article to suit the size of the hook exactly1 that when the fly is completed1 it will appear in strict proportion3 for instance1 the hackle should be chosen small to suit the legs of the trout fly1 and the large flies to have hackles off the saddle of the cock1 that are old and stiff1 to withstand the motion of the water2 and fine silk1 both floss and tying for the bodies of the small flies1 and every thing in unison1 as you read in the book2 handling every thing sparingly1 delicately1 and nicely in the fingers4 ,there is a good deal of the battle fought by letting the nails grow to a pretty fair length so as to hold on grimly4 ,a ,,catechism ,,of ,,fly-,,making1 ,,by ,,william ,,blacker ,question4--,what do you mean by ,fly-making8 ,answer4--,i mean the artificial assimilation of those beautiful insects that appear on brooks and rivers during the summer season4 ,q4--,what are these artificial flies used for in general8 ,a4--,they are principally used to afford gentlemen rural amusement and recreation1 by their taking both trout and salmon with the rod1 line1 and fly4 ,q4--,name the different materials requisite for making the ,artificial ,fly4 ,illustration3 ,to make the ,trout-fly as taught in the ,,cathechism4 ,a4--,the necessary materials for making the ,artificial ,fly are as follows3--various kinds of feathers1 furs1 mohair1 pig hair1 dyed hackles1 silks1 tinsel1 c41 c4 ,q4--,when the tyro has all the materials prepared1 and seated at the table1 how does he commence to make the fly8 ,a4--,first1 the hook is firmly tied on the gut1 and one eighth of an inch of the end of the shank left bare to receive the wings 7see plate1 hook1 gut1 and tail1 tied on74 ,q4--,how are the wings tied on8 ,a4--,they may be tied on the reverse way first1 at the extreme end of the shank1 and after the tail1 body1 and legs are formed1 turn up the wings1 divide and tie them down1 and form the head4 ,q4--,is there any other way of placing on the wings of a trout fly8 ,a4--,yes1 by forming the tail1 body1 and legs first1 and tie on the wings last4 ,q4--,having the wings the reverse way1 to appear in strict proportion over the fly when turned1 what is the next part to be performed8 ,a4--,next1 ,i take hold of the shank opposite the barb in my left1 and here tie on a short piece of tinsel for the tip1 roll it over two or three times evenly1 and secure it with a running knot1 immediately above this tie on the tail4 ,q4--,when the wings are tied on reversed1 the tip and tail secured1 how do you form the body8 ,a4--,i take hold of the hook in my left hand close to the tail1 and with my right draw out a small quantity of mohair1 twist it round the tying silk close to the hook1 draw it gradually full under the fingers to taper it1 ,i then roll it closely over the shank to the root of the wings and fasten it4 ,leave a vacancy to receive the hackle if rolled on at the shoulder4 ,q4--,if there is not sufficient mohair twisted on the silk to form the whole body1 what must be done8 ,a4--,when the mohair on the silk becomes short1 ,i tie it down on the centre of the shank1 and tie in the point of the hackle here 7see the second and third flies in the plate of this process71 and apply a little more stuff to fill the shoulder1 leaving a little of the hook to receive the wings4 ,q4--,having tied the hackle on towards the shoulder of the fly1 how do you strike it in its proper place8 ,a4--,i hold the hook in my left hand by the bend1 and with the right take hold of the stem of the hackle and roll it round the shank on its back1 and tie it down 7the fly may be ribbed and hackled from the tail like the fourth fly in the plate74 ,q4--,the hackle1 body1 tail1 and tinsel now neatly tied1 how do you tie on the wings8 ,a4--,i now hold the fly in my left hand by the body1 drawing the fibres underneath my finger and thumb out of the way1 lay on the wings double1 catch them under the nails of the left and give two laps of the tying silk over them1 press them down at this place with the right nail divide and let the fibres of the hackle spring up between them1 cut off the roots1 lap the silk closely over the head and fasten with two knots 7see the cock tail at the bottom of this plate74 ,note4--,the wings of this fly were tied on first1 as seen1 and turned up last2 the fuller the fly is at the shoulder the more the wings will stand upright on the back1 and it often occurs that when the wings of the fly lie flat on the back1 and it happens to be an end fly on the casting line1 which is usually under the surface of the water1 that the fish takes it for a drowned fly eagerly1 and the wings much longer than the bend of the hook1 this is not unnatural1 as the wings of numbers of the brown and olive flies seen on the water have their wings much longer than the body1 and when not on the wing lie flat on their backs4 ,i will here give a more easy way of making a ,trout fly4 ,q4--,how do you commence to make the ,fly in this way8 ,a4--,i tie on the wings first1 turn them up1 tie down the head1 and finish the fly at the tail4 ,q4--,when the wings are tied on first1 and turned before you commence the body and legs1 how do you proceed8 ,a4--,i take a small hackle to suit the size of the hook1 strip off the flue1 and tie it on by the root at the head1 and a piece of tinsel to rib the body4 ,q4--,having tied on the hackle thus1 what is the next thing to be done8 ,a4--,i draw out a little mohair1 twist it tightly round the tying silk1 roll it down to the tail and fasten it1 and roll the tinsel over in like manner4 ,q4--,the body and tinsel being formed1 how is the hackle struck on8 ,a4--,i take hold of the hackle in my right hand with either my fingers or pliers1 and roll it over the body to the tail1 fasten and cut off the ends1 tie in a tail and the fly is complete4 ,this is the style of the fifth fly in the plate4 ,q4--,when a fly is to be made in the above way without wings1 called a hackle fly1 how is it done8 ,a4--,having previously tied1 ,i take two hackles of equal size1 lay them even together1 and tie them on by the roots at the end of the shank1 and then the piece of tinsel to rib it4 ,q4--,how do you form the body and tinsel after tying on the hackles8 ,a4--,i twist a very small quantity of mohair round the silk and roll it to the tail1 or a peacock's harl1 and fasten it there1 over this ,i roll the tinsel4 ,q4--,as the hackles are a nice point to perform1 how are they struck8 ,a4--,i take hold of the hackles with the pliers at the points1 both to stand the one way1 give two rolls round the shoulder to make it full1 and proceed with them slantingly on their backs to the tail1 let the pliers hang with them and roll the tying silk twice over them1 cut off the superfluous fibres of the hackles1 take two running knots1 and lay on a little varnish to harden the tying1 press down the hackles with the fingers to slope them towards the tail1 and the fly is completed4 ,q4--,when you wish to make a larger ,salmon ,fly1 how do you undertake it8 ,a4--,i tie on the hook and gut firmly together1 as in ,plate ,i1 ,,on ,,salmon ,,hooks1 take hold of it by the shank opposite the barb1 roll on a piece of broad tinsel to tip it1 tie on a topping for tail1 with a black ostrich tag4 ,q4--,having gone thus far1 how do you manage the pig hair body8 ,a4--,having laid before me two or three colours of pig hair1 ,i roll a piece of fine floss silk on first next the tail1 ,i then twist a piece of pig hair on the silk1 roll it up towards the head1 shifting up a little and tie1 take another piece of hair1 and another1 and do in like manner 7see the pig hair body of ,no4 #b1 ,,on ,,salmon ,,hooks74 ,q4--,how is the hackle struck on over the body8 ,a4-,having held the fly by the shank to form the body1 ,i now turn it and hold it by the bend1 the hackle and tinsel previously tied in1 as in ,plate ,,ii1 ,,on ,,salmon ,,hooks1 ,i roll the tinsel up first and the hackle next in rotation with it2 ,plate ,v4 will show the tinsel rolled over the floss silk body1 and the hackle ready to roll on4 ,q4--,having rolled on the hackle1 and turned a jay hackle over the shoulder1 how do you proceed with the wing8 ,a4--,i take two golden pheasant neck feathers and tie them on tightly first1 then sprig them at each side with various fibres of feathers 7see the wing in the plate prepared74 ,q4--,how do you cover the lump occasioned by the quantity of tying silk at the head8 ,a4--,i draw out a small quantity of pig hair1 twist it on the tying silk1 and roll it over two or three times towards the root of the wings tightly1 give three knots1 lay on a little varnish1 cut off the silk1 and the fly is finished4 ,note4--,if you make a pike fly1 use large double hooks and gymp1 with broad tinsel1 and make the body full with pig hair1 large saddlecock hackles for legs1 wing them with peacock moon feathers1 and add two large blue beads over spangles for eyes1 and green or red pig hair towards the head4 ,fasten on the beads with fine copper wire1 rolling it over the head two or three times1 and also three times through the eyes1 and tie down the wire tightly with the silk2 roll the pig hair round the silk and then over the head and between the beads1 fasten it with three knots1 and lay on the varnish4 ,these large artificial flies kill pike or jack best on windy days with rain2 they will not rise at the fly on fine days1 except there is a strong ripple on the water4 ,you humour the fly on the surface as you would move a salmon one1 using a strong rod1 reel1 and line4 ,if he is a large fish1 he will rush off with the fly when hooked2 but1 if a small one1 lift him out when he makes a double quick shake on the top of the water4 ,i would advise the fisher to strike a jack quickly1 for he often throws the fly out of his mouth when he finds the deception4 ,,the ,,trout ,,flies ,,for ,,the ,,season4 ,i will now give a description of those flies which will be found most killing1 as they are imitations of the natural ones that appear in each month1 so that the fly-fisher may practice with them to very great advantage4 ,the numbers of each correspond with the engravings in the plates of the catalogue of flies4 ,,the ,,trout is a game and sportive fish1 and affords much amusement to the fly-fishers1 as well as being generally esteemed the best of our fresh-water fishes for the table4 ,the spawning time of the trout is much the same as that of the salmon1 about ,october and ,november1 and their haunts very similar2 they fix upon some gravelly bottom to deposit their spawn1 in either river or lake1 and are never good when big with roe4 ,after they have spawned they become lean and wasted1 and their beautiful spots disappear2 in this state they retire to the deep and still parts of the river during the winter months4 ,as soon as the weather becomes open in ,february1 they begin to leave the deeps and approach the rapid streams1 where they soon obtain vigour for the summer sport4 ,they delight in sandy and rocky beds and pools1 into which sharp and swift streams run1 and under shady banks1 behind large stones and in eddies2 in streams where there are sedges and weeds in the spring of the year4 ,in the summer months they get strange1 and haunt the deepest parts of swift running streams2 they are found also at the upper ends of mill-pools and weirs1 under bridges1 and in the return of streams where the water boils in deep places4 ,at the decline of the year they resort to the tails of streams and deep water4 ,they are in season from ,february till the end of ,september4 ,these few suggestions may benefit the young angler by giving him an idea of knowing where to cast his flies for them4 ,illustration3 ,plate of #ae ,trout-flies4 ,,flies ,,for ,,march4 ,no4 #a4 ,,the ,,march ,,brown4--,the body is made of light brown mohair1 mixed with a little fur of the hare's neck1 and a little yellow mohair1 ribbed with yellow silk2 a small brown partridge hackle for legs 7this feather is found on the back of the partridge71 hen pheasant wing feather for the wings1 and two fibres of the same bird's tail feather for the tail of the fly4 ,no4 #h hook4 ,this fly is well taken by the trout1 and continues good till the end of ,april4 ,the following flies appear before the ,march brown1 but it being a great favorite1 ,i have given it first4 ,no4 #b4 ,,the ,,early ,,dark ,,dun4--,the body is made of water-rat's fur1 mixed with a little red mohair1 the red more towards the head1 an iron-blue dun hackle for legs1 and the wings of water-hen or water-rail wing4 ,no4 #i hook4 ,there is another variety or two of this fly that kill well in ,february and ,march1 which are as follows3 ,a black red hackle1 with the above wings and body2 a mallard wing1 and the above body2 a peacock harl body1 a soot-coloured dun hackle1 and a tip of gold4 ,no4 #aj hook4 ,there is a small fly1 which ,i term the heath fly1 which is an excellent one in this month1 and is made thus3 ,the body is made of the fine fur of the belly of the hedgehog1 or rat back fur 7common rat71 mixed with red squirrel fur1 and a little orange mohair1 rolled on thin and taper2 a small silver grey hackle for legs1 and winged with the grey tail feather of the partridge4 ,a grey mallard and red squirrel fur makes another good fly4 ,no4 #aj hook4 ,no4 #c4 ,,the ,,little ,,blue ,,dun4--,the body is made of mole's fur1 slightly mixed with bright yellow mohair1 a light blue dun hackle for legs1 and starling wings4 ,no4 #ab hook4 ,this delicate little fly appears on cold days in ,march1 and is well taken by the trout from ten till four in the evening1 with the little red dun4 ,no4 #d4 ,,the ,,orange ,,dun4--,the body is made of orange and hare's fur1 a honey dun hackle for legs1 and grey mallard wings4 ,no4 #aj hook4 ,good on windy days in this month and the next4 ,there should be but little hackle used on small flies in the early season1 as the fur is sufficient or nearly so4 ,no4 #e4 ,,the ,,marlow ,,buzz4--,the body is made of peacock harl1 a dun hackle over it from the tail1 and two dark red ones round the shoulder1 rib of silver4 ,this fly does best where there are large trees growing over the river banks4 ,no4 #f4 ,,the ,,brown ,,hackle4--,the body is made of yellow brown mohair1 a little orange fox fur1 and two short fibred brown-red hackles rolled from the tail over the body1 and ribbed with gold wire for evening fishing4 ,it will be found a good one for large trout in river or lake1 winged with hen pheasant tail1 and forked with two fibres of the same feather1 hook ,no4 #aj for the small fly1 and ,no4 #f for the larger size4 ,there is also a small red fly comes on in this month1 very killing2 the body is made of red squirrel's fur1 a turn of a red hackle round the throat1 and grey mallard wings mixed with partridge2 hook ,no4 #h4 ,,flies ,,for ,,april4 ,no4 #g4 ,,the ,,soldier ,,fly4--,the body is made of scarlet-colored mohair1 ribbed with fine gold twist1 and two black-red cock hackles run up over the body from the tail1 7it is made also with orange floss silk body1 ribbed with black silk71 a small furnace hackle round the throat and a darkish starling wing4 ,the dark red furnace hackle has a dark mark round the edges4 ,it may also be made to advantage with peacock harl and black-red hackles over it1 and tipped with gold4 ,the latter way makes it the cochybonddu of ,wales4 ,it kills best on windy days in general1 with the cow-dung fly1 and partridge hackle4 ,no4 #h4 ,,the ,,cuckoo ,,hackle4--,the body is made of peacock's harl1 and two dark dun hackles1 with darkish bars across them1 rolled up to the throat2 give it a tag of yellow green silk1 at the end of the tail1 silver4 ,the ,granam fly may be made thus3--,the wings are made of hen pheasant wing feather1 hare's ear fur for body1 and a grizzled cock hackle for legs4 ,it is a four-winged fly1 and when it flutters on the water it is very much like the engraving in the plate2 but when it sails down the surface1 the wings lie flat on its back1 and as soon as it touches the water it drops its eggs2 the trout take it freely for about a week in this month1 with the gravel or spider fly1--dun body1 black hackle1 and woodcock wings2 some use lead-coloured body4 ,no4 #i4 ,,the ,,black ,,palmer1 ,,or ,,hackle4--,the body is made of yellow floss silk1 ribbed with silver tinsel1 and two short fibred black hackles struck on from the tail to the shoulder4 ,hook ,no4 #h4--,vary the body of this fly with peacock harl without the silver1 and it will be a capital one for light clear water on ,no4 #ab hook4 ,use the cow-dung fly on windy days1 with the above-named one4 ,no4 #aj4 ,,the ,,dun ,,fox ,,fly4--,the body is made of the fur found on the neck of the fox next the skin1 mixed with golden yellow mohair4 ,the wings are the wing feather of the starling or fieldfare1 with two fibres of a stiff honey dun cock hackle for tail2 pick out the fur a little at the shoulder for legs2 hook ,no4 #ab4 ,never was there a better little fly than this thrown on the water1 it will kill fish any day in the year4 ,put on the little black hackle1 with peacock harl body with it as a drop fly2 and when the dun fox is used as a drop fly1 put on the ,march brown as a stretcher4 ,there may be seen three shades of this fly on the water at the same time occasionally2 the other two shades are the ash and blue fox1--the first is a very light dun colour of the fox cub's neck or face1 the other is of a darker blue shade2 they are great favorites with the trout1 artificially2 in mild weather throughout the summer1 a small wren and grouse hackle may be used with them1 the bodies made very thin and taper1 and rather full at the shoulder--the wren with orange mohair body1 and the grouse with golden yellow floss silk body4 ,no4 #aa4 ,,the ,,dun ,,drake4--,the body is made of golden olive mohair1 mixed with hare's ear fur1 the light and dark1 and forked with two short fibres of brown mallard4 ,the wings are made of land-rail wing1 and a little brown mallard1 mixed nicely together4 ,hook1 ,no4 #i4 ,there is a dark red1 and a dark dun fly on the water at the same time as the dun-drake1 all of which will be found good ones till the end of ,may4 ,the ,irish name for the dun drake1 is ,coughlan1,a made thus3--,the wings1 grey partridge tail2 the body1 light brown bear's fur1 with bright yellow mohair1 hare's fur from the face1 mixed altogether1 forked with two stripes of a dark mallard's feather1 and a partridge hackle4 ,no4 #h hook4 ,in ,ireland they consider this the most useful fly they have in ,april and ,may1 as a stretcher1 used with the little dun fox1 and black-red1 7soldier fly74 ,no4 #ab4 ,,the ,,stone ,,fly4--,the body is made of brown mohair ribbed with yellow silk1 a tuft or tag of yellow mohair or silk at the tail1 and a little yellow mohair worked in under the shoulder1 over which roll the hackle1 which should be of a brown-red colour2 the wings are made of the hen pheasant tail mixed with copper brown mallard1 made full1 and larger than the body4 ,no4 #f hook4 ,if this fly is made of good colours1 as above described1 hardly any large trout1 in humour of taking1 can well refuse it4 ,an odd one of them may be seen in ,march1 when the weather is mild2 but in ,april and ,may1 when it becomes more congenial to them1 they appear numerous towards the evening4 ,ribbed with gold twist1 it makes a famous grilse fly4 ,no4 #ac4 ,,the ,,yellow ,,sally4--,the body is made of buff-colored fur1 and a small yellow hackle for legs round the head2 the wings are made of the buff-coloured feather inside the wing of the thrush4 ,no4 #ac hook4 ,this is the forerunner of the ,green ,drake or ,may fly4 ,the trout take this little fly freely1 and it is a most excellent killer on fine days1 if made according to the description4 ,it will be found on the water till the end of ,may4 ,the partridge hackle is also good in this month4 ,illustration3 ,plate of #af ,flies ,,footnote3 ,footnote ,a3 ,taylor's ,angler4 ,,flies ,,for ,,may4 ,no4 #ad4 ,,the ,,black ,,gnat4--,the body is made of black hair from the spaniel's ear which is fine and soft1 or a black ostrich feather clipped very close1 and a small black hackle for legs2 the wings are from the starling's wing feather4 ,no4 #ac hook4 ,this is a good fly throughout a clear day1 used as a dropper with the foregoing fly1 and wren tail4 ,it floats on the surface of the water in numbers on sultry days with mild showers of rain4 ,it may be varied to advantage with blue silk body4 ,no4 #ae4 ,,the ,,little ,,brown ,,midge4--,the body is made of brown mohair with a shade of orange mohair at the shoulder1 two turns of a small brown-red hackle for legs2 the wings are made of brown mallard and a little strip of land-rail mixed4 ,no4 #ac hook1 snick bend4 ,there appears to be a variety of small flies on the water with the above fly about the middle of the day1 dark browns1 pea-greens1 and dun flies1 all water insects1 which the trout take very freely4 ,no4 #af4 ,,the ,,little ,,iron ,,blue4--,the body is made of a little light coloured water-rat's fur mixed with a few hairs of yellow1 an iron blue coloured dun hackle for legs1 and the wings from a blue dun feather to be found underneath the wing of a dun hen1 or starling wing feather1 tail it with a dun hackle1 two fibres4 ,no4 #aj hook4 ,it sails upright on its legs on the water1 with both tail and wings cocked up1 so that it would suit best as a bob fly4 ,it will be found a useful fly throughout the season1 varied a little in shade according to the weather1 the darker ones on fine clear days4 ,the ,coachman1 ,oral1 and the ,governor flies will be found good ones in this month towards night1 when the beautiful ,white ,moth may be also seen4 ,no4 #ag4 ,,hare',s ,,ear ,,and ,,yellow4--,the body is made of the light part of the fur from the hare's ear1 ribbed with yellow silk2 the wings are from the wing of the starling or fieldfare1 and two stiff fibres of honey dun cock's hackle1 from the rump for tail1 to cock up1 pick out the fur at the head for legs1 ,no4 #ab hook4 ,it will kill fish every day in this month1 and will be found good till the end of ,july4 ,it may be also called the ,little ,cocktail4 ,no4 #ah4 ,,the ,,green ,,drake4--,the body of this beautiful fly is made of yellow green mohair1 the color of a gosling newly come out of the shell1 and ribbed with yellow-brown silk1 a shade of light brown mohair at the tail1 and a tuft of the same color at the shoulder1 picked out between the hackle1 the whisks of the tail to be of three black hairs of the mane of a horse1 about three-quarters of an inch long2 the hackle to be a greenish buff dyed1 7dye a silver dun hackle with bars across it called a cuckoo71 or a light ginger hackle bordering on a yellow4 ,the wings1 which should be made full1 and to stand upright1 are made of dyed mallard feathers of a greenish buff1 or yellowish shade3 a brown head of peacock harl tied neatly above the wings1 ,no4 #f hook4 ,the wings may be made of the ends of two large dyed mallard feathers1 with each side stripped off1 and the beautiful long ends to form the wings1 tie them on whole back to back1 a little longer than the bend of the hook--these feathers stand up well and appear very natural in the water2 large size ones kill well in lakes1 with bright yellow mohair bodies and gold twist rolled up them2 a long honey dun palmer kills well on windy days1 allowed to sink near the bottom1 ribbed with gold twist 7see the palmer in the plate with double hook74 ,the trout take it no doubt for the ,creeper or ,cad ,bait2 a very small swivel tied on at the head1 would improve its life-like appearance in the water as you move it with the rod2 and the larger size one would also do better with a swivel4 ,no4 #ai4--,,the ,,grey ,,drake4--,the body is made of pale yellow mohair1 or floss1 three fibres of dark mallard for tail1 ribbed with brown silk1 a grizzled dun-cock's hackle for legs1 or silver grey2 grey mallard for wings1 and a peacock harl head4 ,the body should be made taper1 and full at the head1 it is a capital fly on rough days in ,may and ,june1 and used to advantage on warm evenings4 ,the body may be also made of dun fox fur1 grey at the ends1 a silver grey hackle for legs1 and forked with three hairs from a fitch's tail2 the wings grey mallard and widgeon mixed4 ,it is also made of straw body1 grey cock's hackle1 and mallard wings--these two methods are very good4 ,they kill well in ,scotland1 and in ,ireland are called the ,grey ,cochlan4 ,these flies may be seen in ,taylor's ,angler4 ,mr4 ,taylor was an angler of no small pretensions1 he was very fond of the ,irish coloured flies1 and has adopted many of them as standards for ,scotland1 ,england1 and many rivers in ,wales4 ,,flies ,,for ,,june4 ,no4 #bj4--,,the ,,great ,,red ,,spinner4--,the body is made of red mohair1 ribbed with fine gold wire1 and a red cock hackle for legs2 the wings are made of brown and grey mallard1 the grey underneath2 two fibres of stiff cock's saddle hackle for tail1 ,no4 #f or #g hook4 ,the ,small ,red ,spinner is made as the above1 but instead of mallard use starling wings4 ,it is an excellent fly for a dark evening in ,june and ,july1 with the furnace hackle4 ,no4 #ba4--,,the ,,alder ,,fly4--,the body is made of brown coloured peacock harl1 a black-red cock hackle for legs1 the wings are made of hen pheasant tail feathers1 hook ,no #f4 ,there is another way or two of making this fly which cannot be beaten1 they are mostly used in ,ireland1 and are known to be killers in ,england and ,scotland4 ,the body is made of bronze brown mohair1 a very small brown grouse hackle round the head1 and the wings from a brown spotted hen's wing1 ,no4 #h hook4 ,the other is made with grey and red partridge tail mixed for wings1 a copper brown peacock harl body1 and a dark brown red hackle off a cock's neck for legs4 ,the legs may be also made of the wren's tail or woodcock hackle1 this feather is found on the roots of the outside of the wings of the woodcock4 ,these are good flies in lakes or rivers for large trout--rib with gold for lakes4 ,no4 #bb4--,,the ,,sand ,,fly4--,the body is made of the sandy coloured fur from the hare's pole1 mixed with orange mohair1 and a small ginger coloured cock's hackle for legs2 the wings are made of a sandy coloured brown hen's wing1 ,no4 #aj hook4 ,an excellent little fly on fine days with a little wind and occasional showers4 ,there is another little fly that will be found equally good1 made thus3--the wings are made of red and grey partridge tail feathers1 orange body1 and black-red hackle rolled up from the tail to the head1 it will kill well on dark days1 ribbed with gold1 ,no4 #h hook4 ,no4 #bc4--,,the ,,white ,,moth4--,the body is made of white mohair1 which is lively ribbed with orange floss1 a white cock's hackle rolled round the shoulder2 the wings from a white feather of the swan that grows over the back4 ,it may be varied with cream coloured mohair1 very light ginger hackle1 and a buff wing from a hen of that colour2 and a browner one may be made from a matted brown hen's wing1 or light brown grouse tail1 or large hackle off the rump of the same bird1 brown-red cock's hackle1 the whole to be made full1 of good coloured and stiff materials1 that they may not absorb the water1 and alight heavy when thrown on the surface4 ,no4 #bd4 ,,the ,,oak ,,fly4--,the body is made of orange silk1 and a little hare's ear fur under the shoulder1 rib it with a furnace hackle from the centre of the body up 7if the hackles are tied on at the tail they are very apt to get cut with the teeth of the fish in a very short time74 ,the wings may be made from the mottled brown hen1 or the woodcock wings1 of a red tinge4 ,no4 #h hook4 ,this fly cannot be too highly valued for its killing qualities4 ,it will be found useful for large trout of a windy day with a grey cloud over head1 and not likely to rain4 ,mr4 ,bowlker1 in his ,art of ,angling1 mentions the oak fly in this manner3 ,the oak1 ash1 woodcock1 cannon1 or down-hill fly1 comes on about the sixteenth of ,may1 and continues on till about a week in ,june2 it is to be found on the butts of trees1 with its head always downwards1 which gives it the name of the down-hill fly4 ,it is bred in oak-apples1 and is the best of all flies for bobbing at the bush in the natural way1 and a good fly for the dab-line1 when made artificially4 ,the wings are made from a feather out of the wing of the partridge or woodcock1 the body with a bittern's feather1 and the head with a little of the brown part of hare's fur4 ,the hook1 ,no4 #f4 ,some dub it with an orange1 tawny1 and black ground1 and with blackish wool and gold twist2 the wings off the brown part of a mallard's feather4 ,,flies ,,for ,,july4 ,no4 #be4--,,the ,,great ,,whirling ,,dun4--,the body is made of water-rat's fur1 mixed with yellow mohair1 and ribbed with yellow silk2 a reddish blue dun hackle for legs2 grey mallard wings1 or starling--try both4 ,no4 #h hook4 ,there are two or three varieties of this fly1 which make their appearance in this month1 and are very killing on fine1 mild days1 with occasional showers2 their colours run from a dark to a light sky-blue4 ,mr4 ,bowlker1 in his ,art of ,angling1 an authority which ,i like1 as he was himself a fisherman1 speaks thus of one of these beautiful flies3 ,it comes on about the end of ,may1 and continues till the middle of ,july4 ,it is a neat1 curious1 and beautiful fly2 its wings are transparent1 stand upright on its back1 and are of a fine blue colour1 its body is of a pale yellow1 its tail forked1 and the colour of its wings4 ,it is a fly that the fishes take extremely well from seven o'clock in the evening till sun-set4 ,the wings are made from the light blue feather of a hen2 the body is made with pale yellow mohair1 mixed with light blue fur1 and ribbed with a fine cock's hackle1 dyed yellow1 the hook1 ,no4 #h4 ,this is taken from ,bowlker's original work4 ,no4 #bf4 ,,the ,,little ,,peacock ,,fly4--,the body is made of bright brown peacock's harl1 with a tip of gold at the tail1 or gold colour floss silk2 a red hackle for legs1 and a starling wing4 ,this little fly comes on about the middle of ,july1 and continues till the end of ,august4 ,it may be used to advantage on fine days1 with the blue dun1 and cinnamon brown4 ,i have seen this latter fly on the river ,mole1 in ,august1 of a fine brown colour1 and plump in the body1 about the size of the ,great ,whirling ,dun4 ,the body was red brown1 the legs an amber brown1 the wings were a mottled light brown1 and the tail of the same colour as the wings4 ,i have seen the above fly some time after on the ,bann1 in the north of ,ireland1 a river six times the size of the ,mole1 not half the size1 in ,august4 ,this circumstance of the difference in size1 must be the nature of the soil through which the rivers flow2 the ,bann is a gravelly bed1 full of large stones1 with a very fall strong running stream2 the ,mole not so4 ,it is my opinion that in the summer months there is more sport to be had with flies as small as can be made1 than with the general run1 except late in the evening1 then use a large fly--a brown1 or white moth1 where a large fish shows himself4 ,no4 #bg4 ,,the ,,blue ,,blow4--,the body is made of mole's fur mixed with yellow mohair1 run very taper from the tail up2 the wings are made of a tom-tit's tail feather1 or water hen2 the tail is two hairs of a mouse's whisker1 or fibres of dark dun hackle2 the body is picked out a little at the head to imitate legs2 the fly altogether to be made very small and delicate1 hook ,no4 #ac4 ,these little flies may be seen on good size rivers in hundreds1 in the summer on sultry days2 where there is a stone projecting out of the water they gather round it1 and with the motion are carried up and down on the side of the stone1 where large trout lie1 like ant bears1 sucking them in by the dozen2 the wing of the water-rail is capital to imitate that of the fly4 ,there is another excellent killing fly that may be used with the above1 made thus2--body1 gold colour mohair2 tip of gold2 woodcock or wren hackle for legs2 grey partridge tail for wrings2 and two fibres of the same for tail2 ,no4 #aj hook4 ,they are good where the river is low1 and are excellent till the end of ,august1 used with the little brown fly1 and ash fox4 ,there are also three little flies which are very good in this month and the next1 and although they are not very well known by name1 nevertheless they will be found killing4 ,first1 the ,orange ,wren1 with orange mohair body1 and wren tail hackle4 ,second1 the ,golden ,wren1 with golden yellow mohair body1 and wren tail hackle for legs4 ,third1 the ,green ,wren1 with green floss body1 and wren tail for legs4 ,the ,brown ,wren1 and the little ,peacock ,wren1 are also good4 ,no4 #ac hook4 ,the latter little fly is called the ,shiner4 ,no4 #bh4 ,,the ,,yellow ,,dun4--,the body is made of light buff-coloured fur1 white sable far dyed yellow1 and a honey dun cock's hackle for legs2 two fibres of the same feather for tail2 the wings are made of starling wing feather4 ,no4 #ab hook4 ,this pretty little fly is a great favourite with the trout in the evenings of sultry days1 till the end of ,august and ,september4 ,,flies ,,for ,,august4 ,no4 #bi4 ,,the ,,red ,,dun4--,the body is made of red orange hair1 over which roll a small dun hackle2 the wings are a dun grey1 and are made of starling wing feather1 mixed with a little mallard4 ,no4 #aj hook4 ,it may be varied thus3 ,red legs and dun body2 orange floss body1 over which roll a black hackle1 and starling wing4 ,the size of hook to vary from ,no4 #aj to ,no4 #g4 ,this is an excellent fly in rapid streams where there are large trout2 it is so attractive that they cannot refuse it when it moves over them4 ,trout that lie or haunt strong streams1 are called1 in ,ireland1 ,hunters4 ,the cause is1 no doubt1 through their being thin and long in the body1 and are possessed with enormous mouths to take in their prey4 ,they take small trout freely4 ,no4 #cj4 ,,the ,,ant ,,fly4--,the body is made of brown floss silk1 and a small fibred peacock harl at tail2 a brown red hackle for legs1 and wings of starling feather4 ,no4 #aj hook4 ,there is a black ant the same size as the above1 and a red and black one much larger2 the black one is made of black floss for the body1 small black hackle for legs1 and a blackbird's wing for the wings of the fly4 ,the small ones kill on fine days1 and the larger ones when there is a strong wind1 which blows them on the water1 and causes a ripple4 ,no4 #ca4 ,,the ,,caperer4--,the body is made of brown mohair1 or floss silk of a copper colour1 and tipped with gold at the tail2 a brown red cock's hackle at the shoulder for legs1 and winged with the woodcock wing feather4 ,no4 #h hook4 ,this fly may be seen on fine sultry days whirling up and down over the water1 and occasionally dipping on the surface2 the trout take them very freely4 ,this fly will be found on the water till the end of ,september1 with the paler dun1 yellow dun1 blue dun1 and willow fly4 ,the greyling also like these little flies4 ,illustration3 ,plate of ,larvas and ,green ,drakes4 ,,the ,,winged ,,larva4--,the body is made of brown mohair2 the larva is attached to this body at the shoulder1 and tailed with two fibres of golden pheasant neck feather1 a woodcock hackle round the shoulder1 and winged with hen pheasant tail1 mixed with a little woodcock or partridge tail feather1 and a bronze peacock head4 ,no4 #h hook4 ,it will be found a good fly on dark windy days in this month and the next1 and during the prevalence of winds from the east2 it will do best where a strong rapid stream runs into a deep pool4 ,a ,,substitute ,,for ,,the ,,winged ,,larva3--,the body is made of bright golden yellow mohair1 which looks very transparent2 a woodcock wing1 and a hackle off the same bird1 with two fibres of golden pheasant neck feather for tail4 ,no4 #h hook4 ,,the ,,willow ,,flies4--,the body of the first is made of blue squirrel's fur1 mixed with a little yellow mohair2 a blue dun cock's hackle round the shoulder1 and a tomtit wing4 ,no4 #h hook4 ,the second fly is made of orange silk body1 ribbed with fine black silk2 a very dark furnace hackle round the head1 and blackbird's wing4 ,no4 #aj hook4 ,the third fly is made of the wings or blue feather of the sea-swallow1 for the wing of the fly1 and the lightest blue fur that can be got for body 7the fine blue of the fox's neck1 next to the skin2 the fur of a very young water-rat1 or the lightest blue fur of the squirrel72 a light dun cock's hackle1 and a tail of the same4 ,no4 #aj hook4 ,these little flies will kill till the end of ,october1 and are excellent fur greyling4 ,there are hundreds of other flies that make their appearance on the water through the summer months1 which come under the angler's notice when in pursuit of his pastime1 that may be imitated to advantage1 the varieties of which must fill the mind with admiration4 ,,fishing ,,rods ,,and ,,fly ,,fishing4 ,for a trout rod1 to have a good balance from the butt to the extreme top1 it is essentially necessary that the wood should be well-seasoned1 straight in the grain1 and free from knots and imperfections4 ,it should consist of three or four joints1 according to fancy4 ,there is not the least occasion for a rod to be glued up in pieces first1 and then cut into lengths and fitted with ferrules1 for then you have the unnecessary trouble of lapping the splices1 but it is best to clean each piece separately1 and measure the exact taper each piece should be to one another with the ferrules to fit in the same proportion1 the least thing wider at the lower end than at the top2 the ends to be bored for the tongues to fit into tightly to prevent shaking1 that when they are double brazed they may fit air-tight4 ,the ends must be bored previous to planing down the substance of the pieces1 and tied round with waxed thread to prevent them from opening or cracking1 so that these pieces may be pushed into each end of the boring whilst the rod is planed up to its proper substance or size1 except the tops1 which should be well glued-up pieces of bamboo cane1 and filed down to their proper sizes to suit the other parts of the rod2 this may be also done by fastening the tongue of the top in the bored joint next in size4 ,the butt should be made of ash1 the middle piece of hickory1 and the top of bamboo1 which is the lightest and toughest of all woods that can be brought to so fine a consistency4 ,the length of the rod for single-hand fly fishing should be from twelve to thirteen feet long--a length which may be used with great facility without tiring the arm4 ,the butt should be easy in the grasp and not a great deal of timber in it2 the next piece to be nearly as stout as the butt above the ferrule for a foot and a half1 this prevents its being weak at that particular part1 which otherwise would cause the rod to be limber in the middle2 the next or fourth piece to be stiffer and lighter in the wood to keep up the top2 the whole rod to stand nearly straight up when held in the hand1 and to have a smart spring above1 which assists materially in getting out the line when throwing4 ,the splices of the tops should be tightly bound over with the finest silk1 well waxed1 and over all three or four coats of good varnish that is not liable to crack4 ,you cannot bind the splices tight enough with coarse three-cord silk1 the top being so small it cannot be drawn together near so well as with fine silk1 and when the varnish rubs off it opens and admits the water1 which loosens the glued splice inside4 ,the fine waxed silk is to be preferred by all means1 as it lies closer on the wood1 becomes harder1 and makes the splice stiffer to work with the other parts4 ,when the whole is ringed1 ferruled1 and fitted for the reel complete1 it should not 7a twelve foot7 exceed one pound2 it will afford great comfort to the fly fisher in his innocent pursuit1 and will not fatigue him during a long summer day4 ,the reel should be light1 in proportion to the rod1 and to contain thirty yards of silk and hair line made fine and taper1 and when the rod is grasped in the hand a little way above the reel1 the balance should be the same above the hand as below it1 so that it may be used with the greatest ease4 ,the beautiful rent and glued-up bamboo-cane fly rods1 which ,i turn out to the greatest perfection1 are very valuable1 as they are both light and powerful1 and throw the line with great facility4 ,the cane for these rods must be of the very best description1 or they will not last any time4 ,they will last for years if properly made1 and of course the fisher must take care of them2 they are best when made into pocket rods1 in eight joints1 with all the knots cut out1 and the good pieces between each knot rent and glued up2 these may be had in my shop of as good a balance as a three-joint rod1 most superbly made of the lightest brazings4 ,they make capital perch and roach rods with a bait top added to the extra fly top1 with bored butt to hold all4 ,these rods can be made to suit a lady's hand for either boat or fly fishing4 ,the salmon rod should be made in four pieces or joints4 ,the butt of the best long grained solid ash1 the wood of which is not so heavy as hickory1 and is not liable to break at the ferrule1 that is1 if the ferrule is put on flush1 without letting it into the wood by scoring it2 the piece above the butt1 and the joint next the top1 should be of the very best well-seasoned hickory1 without crack or flaw2 the tops to be made of the best yellow bamboo cane1 either rent and glued up in three pieces1 or spliced in short lengths with the knots cut away2 the first joint to be nearly as stout as the substance of the wood above the ferrule as the end of the butt for a foot and a half1 to prevent the rod being limber in the middle2 the next joint that holds the top should be very smart1 and come up at a touch when bent with the hand1 and the extreme lightness of the cane top prevents all appearance of its being top-heavy1 which cannot be prevented with lance-wood1 unless it is made very fine indeed1 and then it becomes useless4 ,the length of the rod should not exceed seventeen or eighteen feet long1 and for light rivers1 sixteen feet is quite long enough2 if the angler fly fishes for salmon from a boat1 fourteen feet will be sufficient1 made1 of course1 very powerful throughout1 as in some large rivers a salmon will take the fly close to the boat in strong and deep streams4 ,the rings should be pretty large1 to admit of the line running freely1 and the joints double brazed1 which prevents the bare wood of the tongues twisting off when the rod is taken to pieces after a day's fishing1 particularly when they get wet4 ,the reel fittings should be about a foot and a half1 or say twenty inches from the extreme end1 that there may be room for the left hand to grasp it easily below the reel1 which prevents the rod hanging heavy on the arms1 and will balance it much better than having the reel too near the end of the butt4 ,when the salmon rod is bent after playing a fish1 it can be easily straightened by turning it when the next fish is hooked1 and allow the line to run through the rings on the top of the rod2 by holding it in that position1 you can see how you are winding up the line on the reel1 and regulate it according as the fish runs towards you1 for if the reel is held underneath when the fish is on1 if he runs towards you1 it cannot be seen whether the line runs on in a lump or not1 which1 if it does1 often causes it to stop1 and may occasion the loss of your fish4 ,the most essential and nicest point of all is in casting the line and trout flies neatly on the water1 which1 when properly accomplished in a masterly way1 will be the greatest means towards the success of the fly fisher in hooking and catching his fish4 ,in the first place1 the fisher should keep as far off the water as possible when throwing next his own side1 and make it a rule1 whenever he can1 to angle on the bank from which the wind blows1 as it will enable him to throw the flies across to the opposite bank1 and play them gently down the stream in a slanting direction towards him1 moving backwards as they approach his side1 drawing them up along the bank if the stream is any ways deep1 as a trout of good size is often lying in such a place when undisturbed1 as you fish cautiously down4 ,the line should not be let off the reel too fast when you begin to throw1 that the stream may be carefully covered near you1 and as you move along let it off so as to cover the whole of the water4 ,hold the rod firmly above the reel in the right hand1 and take hold of the end of the casting line in the left1 give it a motion towards your left shoulder1 and over the head with a circle to the full length of the flies behind you1 and with a spring of the rod and motion of the arm bring them right before you on to the stream1 as straightly and lightly as possible1 and by this method you will prevent them whipping off behind in a very short time2 allow the line always to stretch to its full length behind1 and keep them on the move1 with the backward sweep of the rod round the head propel them forward to the place you desire they should fall1 and ,i do not doubt that you will make neither splash nor ripple on the surface4 ,and when a fish makes a rise1 move the rod upwards with a gentle pull1 which is better than striking hard1 as the small hook is easily driven1 and there is no occasion to break the hold or line4 ,never hold too hard on a large fish1 but let him run if he will1 a small one may be landed immediately4 ,by no means attempt to go an angling without a landing net1 as there may be danger in losing your fish1 after having the trouble or sport of playing him a long time1 and the bank high on your side4 ,i have been always in the habit of fishing down the stream1 throwing my flies slantingly to the opposite bank1 and letting them fall gradually with the current1 and walking slowly along lifting and throwing them at my leisure--it is all fancy whether up or down you go1 so as it is well done--what you have habituated yourself to in fly fishing in general1 that do4 ,keep your shadow as much as possible off the water1 and when you land your fish let his head drop into the net first1 and his whole weight will follow1 lift him clean up on the bank with a pull of the net towards you1 as this prevents him dropping out4 ,,fly-,,fishing ,,for ,,salmon4 ,when you begin fly-fishing for ,salmon1 you must be careful not to let out too much of the reel line first1 but when you become accustomed to it1 and are master of throwing a short one1 let it out gradually till you are enabled to cover the pool over which you cast with ease4 ,if you practice throwing over a smooth wide part of the river1 you will see how your line falls on the water1 whether thrown in a lump1 or light and straight without a splash2 but at one time you may cast the line right out over the stream at its full length1 and on giving another cast you may allow the line to fall on the water in the middle of it first1 and the fly to fall last1 which is not so good1 but in either way the fish will rise and take it2 by the last cast you may get the line farther off1 and the fly alighting near the opposite bank1 it is very apt to be taken by a fish lying close under it2 and when throwing1 keep the point of the rod up out of the water1 and do not let it strike it2 throw across in a rather slanting direction1 allowing the fly to sweep down without a curve in the middle of the line1 and at the same time move the rod playfully to give the fly a life-like appearance2 drawing it in towards your side of the bank1 moving it up and down gradually with the current1 and when a fish takes the fly raise your hand1 and fasten the hook without a jerk1 holding up your rod at the same time with what is termed a sweet fast1 that it may not get slack at any time till you have killed him2 when you poise the rod in your hands for a throw1 the whole knack is in keeping the left hand steady1 and with a turn of the right hand cause the line to make a circle round the left shoulder and over the head1 propel it forward with the spring of the rod1 keeping the fly going all the time till it falls on the water before you as straight as possible2 when you lift the fly out of the water to throw again1 you require to make use of the strength of the right arm1 giving it the proper turn round with the wrist1 making a sweep of the extent of the line behind you1 and with the spring and power of the rod direct the fly on that part of the stream where you desire it should fall2 letting the line out occasionally off the reel with your hand1 which gives the fly a very natural motion on the water1 moving it gradually down towards your side1 when you lift the line out and make another throw as before a little lower down1 and so on until you cover the whole stream4 ,you may change to the left hand when you are tired with the right1 or according to the side you are fishing from1 to facilitate and ease your exertion as much as possible when throwing a long line4 ,when ,i have happened to be in a barn at a farm house on the river side1 ,i have often thought when taking up the flail to thrash awhile1 whilst the man was resting himself1 that the exertion was remarkably like throwing the fly with the ,salmon rod1 the whole method appears to be in the turn of the wrist and arm1 for when the flail is raised up and wound over the left shoulder1 with a certain impulse known to one's self you propel it forward over the head1 striking the sheaf on the ground with full force on any part you like1 where you think there are any ears in it4 ,many may not be acquainted with flail thrashing1 but were they to understand the knack1 it is easily done2 so1 also1 is the using of the salmon rod1 with a little practice1 and observing a good thrower if you happen to meet one on the river1 or an old fisherman you employ4 ,keep yourself steady on your feet1 and your body well up when casting1 as it gives more power to the muscles1 and when a salmon is fairly hooked it will prevent your being nervous or striking too quick1 but as ,i said before1 rise your hand and keep the line taut2 as the fish will often rise several times out of the water in succession when first pricked with the hook1 on finding himself detained2 when he runs keep the rod nearly perpendicular1 as the spring of it will soon tire him out2 if he is a good way off and makes a rush towards you1 wind up your line quickly1 keeping it taut at the same time1 and moving backwards till he is near your own shore3 if he rolls over in the water apply the gaff and lift him out1 but if he is not regularly beat he will rush off again on seeing the gaff with great strength1 give in he must at last by the gentle strain of the rod that is always upon him4 ,he often gets sulky1 and lies down on the bottom of the river1 when it will be found difficult to start him again3 a clearing ring let down the line on his nose will cause him to run1 and when he does so1 it is best to bear stronger upon him1 as in so doing you have the best chance of quickly tiring and capturing him4 ,i think it the best plan to lay the gaff under him1 and gaff him in the gills1 which prevents tearing or making a hole in the fish4 ,the ,salmon reel should be made of the lightest and hardest material1 not too much contracted1 but a good width1 that the line may be wound up evenly without incumbrance2 a plain upright handle is much the safest when playing a fish1 as the portable ones are apt to crack or snap off if they meet the least obstruction in the running out of the line2 and the portable handle stands too far out1 which catches the line almost every time it is drawn off or a cast given4 ,small reels may be made with portable handles1 without any fear of their breaking1 as the fish are small and can be managed easily4 ,the salmon line should be of silk and hair eight-plait or four-plait1 eighty or a hundred yards long1 and for small rivers1 sixty yards for a sixteen feet rod4 ,the casting line for clear waters should be half treble and half single gut1 to suit grilse or small salmon flies in summer2 and in the spring of the year when large flies are in use1 good strong-twisted gut1 three yards long1 is what is necessary for a heavy reel line1 particularly in large rivers1 as the ,shannon and the ,bann in ,ireland1 and the ,tweed in ,scotland4 ,there are not three better ,salmon ,rivers in the world than the above1 were the salmon allowed access into them during the summer months for the amusement of those great angling gentlemen who would visit them during that period1 or even if there were but a few let up past the cruives or cuts1 that there might be a sprinkling for them to throw flies over4 ,it would not matter to them what nets the fishermen along the shores of the estuaries used1 as they only affect the ,cruives1 or ,fixed ,traps built across the rivers1 as of course less fish run into them1 and there would be abundance of salmon and grilse go up the centre or deep part of the river1 which the fishermen could not possibly reach4 ,these ,traps are kept down all the summer1 from the early spring till the end of ,august1 at which period they are what is termed lifted1 and up run the spawning fish2 and the great fly fishers now lay by their rods and tackle for that season1 as fly fishing is prohibited when the salmon are spawning in the rivers4 ,there is certainly a respite in the ,tweed1 when the nets are taken off at the end of the season for the accommodation of the fly fisher2 and were it so in the ,shannon and the ,bann1 there would be very great satisfaction in having a month or six weeks' fishing in these splendid rivers4 ,they are certainly free throughout the summer to the fly fisher1 but he might labour a whole day with his rod and fly without getting a rise1 except by chance4 ,there will never be any good done until the cruives or cuts are removed off the rivers1 unless the head landlord would make an agreement with the renter of the cruive1 and enforce it as a law1--to lift the cruive two days in the week1 that there might be fish in the rivers for the accommodation of the great body of gentlemen anglers who make it their business to travel to these rivers to find amusement in ,fly ,fishing1 at very great expense2 although ,i do not know if even this would do1--it would be best by all means to remove them2 and1 independent of fair netting for the general supply at the mouths and estuaries1 a ,society of ,anglers could rent the entire river1 were the owner to meet them on liberal terms which no doubt he would1 and this would prevent the destruction by degrees of the best breeding-fish in the river4 ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,salmon1 ,,and ,,its ,,varieties4 ,i desire merely to give some account of this beautiful fish for the information of my readers1 the knowledge of which has come under my own notice1 in the rivers of ,ireland in particular1 amongst the fishermen at their mouths1 at the cruives or cuts1 and throughout my rambles along their banks4 ,this excellent salmon is a very handsome fish1 the head is small1 the body rather long and covered with bright scales1 the back is of a bluish shade1 the other parts white1 and marked with irregular dark brown spots on the head1 the covers of the gills1 down each side from the lateral lines to near the edge of the back1 very few are to be seen below the lines which run from head to tail2 the tail is forked4 ,he takes great delight in pursuing small fish and fry1 and in playing and jumping on the top of the water1 at insects no doubt1 and for his own sport4 ,it has been often said that there was never any thing found in the salmon's stomach such as edibles1 but it has been recently discovered that they prey upon herrings1 sprats1 fry1 and other dainties in their native element2 and as these fish are very nutritious and fat in themselves1 no doubt the nourishing channel in them receives the substance of the food very quickly1 as it appears to be digested so rapidly in their stomachs4 ,he leaves the sea for the fresh water rivers about ,january and ,february1 and continues to run up till ,september and ,october1 their spawning time1 and some spawn after this time2 they are often big with roe in ,december and ,january1 in the end of ,august or the beginning of ,september2 when they are in roe regularly1 they cannot be in proper season2 they get soft1 their beautiful color and spots vanish1 and they do not appear like the same fish4 ,they travel up rivers as far as they can possibly get1 into lakes and their feeders1 and tributaries of large rivers1 where they take delight in the broad gravelly fords1 and strong deep running currents1 which they like to be as clear as crystal1 to effect which they will leap over weirs1 waterfalls1 cuts1 cruives1 and traps1 when there is a flood rushing over them1 to the great delight of the fly fisher1 who loves to see them run and escape these obstructions4 ,the male fish is supplied by nature with a hard gristly beak on the end of the under jaw1 which fits into a socket in the upper jaw to a nicety2 with this the ,salmon go to work with their heads up stream1 rising their tails sometimes nearly perpendicular1 and root up the sand and gravel in heaps1 leaving a hollow between1 wherein the female deposits the eggs2 the male fish still performing his part1 chasing away the large trout that are ready to root it up 7the spawn71 he covers it over substantially against the forthcoming winter's floods and storms4 ,by this time he becomes wearied1 spent1 and sickly1 and then turns himself round and makes head for the sea1 where1 if once happily arrived1 he soon makes up for the debility in his blue1 his fresh1 and ever free element4 ,the refreshing and purging nature of the salt water soon makes him once more strong and healthy1 he may be seen leaping and playing in the sea near the river's mouth on his recovery4 ,i have been told by fishermen that they proceed in shoals to the ice fields in the ,north ,seas1 and return to the rivers and estuaries in the spring and summer as they departed1 in large shoals2 they discover themselves in the bays by jumping out of the water as they near the river4 ,the ,salmon haunts the deepest1 strongest1 and most rapid rivers1 and is rarely to be seen in those wherein there is much traffic1 or that are sullen or muddy4 ,they prefer the upper parts of rough streams that run into large pools1 and the tails of these pools1 behind large stones1 in the middle and at sides of waterfalls in the eddies1 these are the parts to throw for them1 but the fisherman on the water will show the angler all the best places4 ,the best months to angle for them are from ,march till the middle of ,august1 after ,september they are out of season4 ,they will take the fly best from six or seven o'clock in the morning till nine1 and from three in the afternoon till dark1 with a good wind blowing up stream4 ,i have hooked them on the very top of a precipice1 after surmounting the leap1 where they lie to rest in the first deep pool they come to2 they generally run down over the rocks or falls of water to the pool beneath1 when they often get killed by the rapid descent4 ,,the ,,salmon ,,fry4 ,these beautiful little fish1 the production of the spawn of the salmon1 make their appearance in ,march and ,april1 and if a flood happens to rise or swell the rivers about the end of the latter month1 they are taken down in great numbers1 till at last they enter the brackish water1 where they grow in a short time as large as white trout4 ,the salt water adds much to their growth4 ,in the following spring and summer they run up the rivers in great quantities if they are allowed1 and return to the sea again before winter4 ,on their second return up the rivers they will be grown very large1 and are then called ,grilse1 or ,peals1 c4 ,there is a ,,salmon ,,trout of the same species1 which is rounder in proportion to the ,salmon1 of a reddish hue when in season2 it has small fine scales1 beautifully intermixed with rich red and black spots on both sides of the lateral lines1 from head to tail1 and its handsome head is spotted over1 as also the covers of the gills2 the tail is shorter1 and not so much forked as the salmon1 and the fins are very strong4 ,the flesh is most delicious1 and some prefer it to salmon4 ,they may be seen in the ,fishmongers' shops from ,may till the end of ,august4 ,another species is the ,sewen of ,wales1 the ,white ,trout of ,ireland and ,england1 and the ,whiting of ,scotland2 they are very bright in colour1 and run about the size of ,mackerel2 they haunt the roughest1 strong streams1 and gravelly bottoms4 ,when they are hooked on the fly they will spring repeatedly out of the water1 and afford pleasant sport for the angler4 ,they take small gaudy flies like the ,salmon ,trout1 and when the water is low1 dun flies1 black hackle flies with silver ribs1 and grouse hackles of a light brown colour and yellow bodies4 ,the hooks about ,nos4 #f and #h4 ,another species is the ,bull-,trout1 which has a short thick head1 and a brownish body1 covered with spots of a brown colour1 and are found in all rivers having communication with the sea1 and their tributaries1 if there are no obstructions to prevent their running up4 ,they are found running up the rivers in ,june and ,july1 and in these months and ,august1 are in good season4 ,they are rather a dry fish4 ,the ,,par or ,,last-,,spring are most plentiful in salmon rivers from ,may till the end of ,august1 and are very much like the salmon fry1 only for the dark bars across them1 and towards the end of the season they are variously marked4 ,there is no little fish so plump and lively when taken with the fly1 except the ,salmon ,fry4 ,as the ,sea-,trout are known to grow to the weight of sixteen and twenty pounds in large rivers1 such as the ,tweed1 the ,shannon1 and the ,bann1 the ,par may be the fry of these fish1 which run up the rivers in the spring and summer4 ,these ,sea-,trout differ much in shape and colour to the real ,salmon1 and are what are termed ,salmon in the ,london markets4--,this ,i heard from a fisherman at the mouth of the ,tweed1 who pointed out a large creel full to me1 just taken in the nets1 and amongst the whole there was but one ,salmon4 ,the ,sea-,trout may be known by being paler1 and covered with more spots1 and by being longer and thinner in the body2 the head is also much longer4 ,there is a rich golden hue over the ,salmon when you get a side look of it2 the body is plump and boar-backed1 the head is very small1 and there are few spots1 except above the lateral lines4 ,i have seen the ,par so numerous in the ,river ,dovey1 in ,wales1 that a man 7a guide71 took my salmon rod1 and a cast of four small flies1 the sun shining1 and in two hours he killed nine pounds weight of these fish1 about a finger in length or less4 ,it perfectly surprised me2 but it seems that this was but a small quantity in comparison to what the fishers were in the habit of taking out in a day4 ,it appeared so1 as the inn-keeper's wife potted them in large jars4 ,these rivers abound with ,sewen1 ,sea-,trout1 and ,white ,trout2 the first-named fish is the ,white ,trout of ,wales1 which corresponds with the ,irish fish of that name1 and called in ,wales1 ,sewen4 ,the ,par may be the fry of these fish1 which are of the ,salmon species1 and ought to be protected by law4 ,illustration3 ,plate of ,gaudy ,flies1 ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c ,a ,,description ,,of ,,the ,,fifteen ,,salmon ,,flies ,,engraved ,,in ,,the ,,plates4 ,these fifteen ,salmon ,flies may be considered by my readers as specimens of real perfection1 and the dons of the present time amongst the great ,salmon fishers4 ,there is such a combination of colours in them throughout1 that they will be found most killing in the rivers of ,scotland and ,ireland1 if made on hooks of sizes to suit each1 and their proper seasons4 ,i have taken the greatest pains imaginable to make them in proportion1 and of the most choice materials1 which will greatly amuse the amateur in his leisure hours to imitate them1 and if he goes by the models1 and their descriptions1 he will find them1 when completed1 what may be termed by a ,salmon fisher1 magnificent4 ,their life-like and alluring appearance1 when humoured attractively with the rod and line1 will cause them to be very deceptive to the ,salmon1 and they will rise out of the water at them with such greediness 7the fun of it is7 as to mistake them for living insects4 ,i have seen them swim after the fly for some distance1 as quietly as possible1 before making a rush at it1 then seize it1 show their back fin1 and then the points of their tail--the break of the water they have made closes--you rise your hand1 and the hook is anchored4 ,no4 #a4 ,i shall name this ,,the ,,spirit ,,fly1 in consequence of its numerously-jointed body1 its fanciful1 florid1 and delicate appearance4 ,its colours will be found most enticing to the fish1 and is a sister fly to ,ondine1 in the ,book of the ,salmon1 by ,ephemera4 ,the wings are made of six toppings1 with a broad strip of wood duck on each side1 a red ,hymalaya crest feather at top1 a cock of the rock feather1 blue kingfisher feather at each side1 a black head1 and feelers of macaw4 ,the body is made of joints of black1 orange floss1 and a tip of gold tinsel at the tail1 tail two small toppings1 a tag of puce silk and ostrich1 7it must be tied with very fine silk that the body may not be lumpy1 but to show gradually taper from the tail to the head1 and the hackle to be stripped at one side to roll even71 and at each joint a scarlet hackle1 with a tip of gold tinsel under each joint1 to make it lively looking4 ,there is a purple hackle1 or very dark blue1 struck round the shoulder4 ,the size of the hook is ,no4 #f or #g4 ,salmon1 ,b or ,,bb4 ,no4 #b4 ,the wings are composed of golden pheasant tail feather1 mixed with the following3 strips of bustard1 scarlet macaw1 wood-duck1 mallard1 yellow macaw body feather1 silver pheasant1 and a topping over all1 extending a little longer than the other feathers2 blue and yellow macaw feelers4 ,the wing1 as above1 should be laid out on a piece of paper1 ready to tie on after the body and legs are formed1 the jay rolled over the head in this fly1 and the head tied on last1 of black ostrich4 ,the tail is a topping1 mixed with a strip of wood-duck feather1 tipped with silver twist1 a tag of gold-colour floss1 and black ostrich2 the body puce floss to the centre1 and the remainder orange pig hair or mohair1 ribbed with broad silver tinsel1 and a guinea-hen rump feather rolled over the orange beneath the jay hackle4 ,this is about as fine a specimen of a ,salmon fly as ever was thrown into the water1 and will kill ,salmon and ,grilse1 made small1 in every ,salmon river in ,great ,britain4 ,the hook ,no4 #f or #i1 ,limerick4 ,the best ,irish hooks are numbered from ,no4 #a1 largest ,salmon size1 to ,no4 #aj1 ,sea-,trout size4 ,no4 #c4 ,this is another of the ,spirit ,flies that kill so well in the rivers of ,ireland and ,scotland1 at high water1 particularly the ,spey and ,tweed4 ,the wings are made of the following mixtures of feathers1 each side of the wings to be alike3 ,brown mallard1 bustard and wood-duck2 a topping1 scarlet macaw1 teal1 golden pheasant neck feather1 a strip of yellow macaw1 and feelers of blue and yellow tail2 a head of black ostrich2 the tail to be a topping1 mixed with green and red parrot tail2 the body is composed of joints1 first a tip of silver1 a tag of morone floss1 a tag of black1 a joint of brown1 green and brown-red hackle1 puce and red1 green and yellow1 blue and orange1 with a tip of gold tinsel at each joint1 a very small red hackle1 and two red toucan feathers round the shoulder1 and blue kingfisher's feather on each side of the wings4 ,the hook ,no4 #f1 and ,no4 #aj for ,grilse4 ,no4 #d4 ,a celebrated ,claret ,fly1 of very killing qualities both in ,scotland and ,ireland1 and in the ,thames as a trout fly4 ,the wings are composed of two wood-duck feathers wanting the white tips1 and two strips of the same kind of feather with white tips2 the head is made of peacock harl2 the tail is two or three strips of hen pheasant tail1 with a short tuft of red orange macaw body feather or parrot1 tipped with silver1 and gold ribbing over the body1 which is formed of claret pig hair1 over which roll two richly dyed claret hackles1 struck in fine proportion from the tail up4 ,the hook ,no4 #f or #aj4 ,it is a capital fly in lakes for large trout1 as a breeze or gentle gale only causes a ripple1 and a strong wind does not do so well in lakes with the fly1 as it makes waves1 although good for a large size minnow4 ,illustration3 ,plate of three ,salmon-flies1 ,nos4 #d1 #e1 #f ,no4 #e4 ,a brown fly1 a general favorite among the old ones1 on every salmon river in ,ireland and ,scotland1 particularly the latter1 and in rivers a good way up from the sea1 on a dark day1 with a good breeze blowing up the stream4 ,the following fly1 ,no4 #f1 may be used in a similar manner4 ,the wings are made of the golden pheasant tail that has the long clouded bar in the feather1 rather full1 and two rather broad strips of light brown white-tipped turkey tail feather at each side2 a good size peacock harl head1 and feelers of scarlet macaw feather2 tipped at the tail with gold tinsel--the tail a small bright topping1 and a tag of gold-colour floss silk2 the body is made of cinnamon1 or yellow-brown pig hair or mohair1 ribbed with double silver twist2 over the body roll a real brown red cock's hackle1 and round the throttle roll on a bright red-brown small-spotted grouse hackle1 or a brown mottled feather of the hen ,argus pheasant's neck or back4 ,,bb hook1 or a ,no4 #h4 ,no4 #f4 ,a ,silver ,grey ,fly1 a great favorite on the lakes of ,killarney for ,salmon and ,grilse1 and at ,waterville1 in the ,county of ,kerry1 for ,sea and ,white ,trout1 made small on a ,no4 #aj hook1 about the size of a ,no4 #f ,trout hook of ,english make4 ,the wings are made of golden pheasant tail feather1 mixed with mallard1 red macaw1 blue and yellow body feathers of the macaw1 guinea hen1 and golden pheasant neck feathers1 with feelers of blue and yellow macaw1 a black head2 tipped at the tail with silver and orange floss tag1 the tail a topping mixed with red and blue macaw feather1 7those blues that are found under the wings of that bird which are of a very light hue7 and guinea hen3 the body is made of the silver dun monkey if it can be got1 light dun fox or squirrel fur1 or dyed blue dun mohair mixed with yellow1--all these are good for a body1 ribbed with broad silver tinsel1 and a hackle of a real dun cock that has a yellowish motley shade throughout it1 rolled up to the head1 and round the shoulder a bright orange dyed hackle1 underneath which tie in a little orange mohair4 ,it may be varied with a claret hackle at the head1 or a fiery brown one4 ,no4 #i hook4 ,a small grilse or sea-trout hook1 for small rivers in either ,scotland or ,ireland1 and also in the rivers of ,wales1 where it is a native dun colour among the anglers4 ,it will be found a don to rise them4 ,no4 #g4 ,a large dun palmer with a double hook1 which1 will be observed1 is of a tortuous shape in the body1 as it appears in the plate4 ,the shape may be obtained by tying the hooks back to back1 the top one to be tied about quarter way down the shank of the end one1 and the gut tied tightly on each1 7twisted gut of course when you form a loop74 ,illustration3 ,plate of four ,flies1 ,nos4 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj ,it will be found a killer in large pools surrounded with trees in stormy weather1 and in rapid streams running into or near the sea1 where they take it most likely for a shrimp1 as it corresponds in color4 ,the legs are composed of about six hackles of a real blue dun old cock-saddle feather1 having a motley yellowish hue1 and peacock harl head1 rather full2 the body is made of orange pig hair and yellow mohair mixed1 the former drawn out amongst the fibres of the hackles1 which must be struck on two at a time1 commencing at the tail1 till it is all built up to the head1 where there may be three hackles to make it fuller1--it would be as well to have a small swivel at the head1 that it might spin gently round when moved in the water4 ,no4 #i hook1 or small grilse size for large trout4 ,it may be varied with gold1 old dun cock's hackles1 and red body4 ,no4 #h is a beautiful specimen of a gaudy fly4 ,the wings1 which are finely mixed of rich feathers1 are made of the following sorts3--orange1 yellow1 and blue macaw body feathers1 three strips of each2 teal1 bustard1 and golden pheasant neck feathers broken in strips2 silver pheasant tail1 light brown golden pheasant tail feather1 and a topping over all a little longer2 a peacock harl head1 and blue and yellow feelers4 ,the body is formed in three joints1 a tip of gold twist at the tail1 a tag of peacock harl1 and a bright small topping for tail2 first1 a joint of yellow floss1 a joint of peacock1 and two feathers of the red-tipped feather of the crest of the cock of the rock tied short above the harl and ribbed with gold2 the next is a blue floss silk joint ribbed with gold1 a peacock harl rolled on close1 and two feathers of the crest of the cock of the rock tied close above it2 and the third is an orange floss silk joint1 a peacock harl tag1 and ribbed with gold1 two of the red-tipped feathers tied on close as above1 and a blue jay round the shoulder4 ,no4 #h hook on ,b4 ,this is a famous grilse fly4 ,no4 #i is another great beauty1 and a capital grilse or small salmon fly for any river under the sun4 ,the wings are made of two jungle-cock feathers1 and two shorter feathers of the golden pheasant neck1 the white ends of the jungle-cock to show well beyond the golden pheasant neck1 two broad strips of wood-duck1 one at each side1 and a topping or two extending longer than the other feathers for feelers1 a black ostrich head2 a tip of gold at the tail1 a tag of yellow-green silk1 a tag of black ostrich1 and a bright topping for tail1 above the ostrich a blue tag1 and the body made of claret floss silk1 ribbed with gold tinsel1 and claret dyed hackle struck over the body1 with a blue jay feather at the shoulder4 ,the hook ,b or ,,bb4 ,no4 #aj4 ,this is a famous high water fly for all salmon rivers1 particularly in ,scotland1 and is not unlike the once celebrated ,parson ,fly1 the favourite killer in all rivers of the ,reverend ,st4 ,john's2 there is no salmon can resist its attractions in rapid pools in rivers near the sea4 ,the preceding fly1 ,no4 #i1 will be found to kill better a few miles higher up from the sea1 as all plain flies do4 ,if the ,no4 #i is winged with brown mallard or brown turkey tail feather1 it will be found just the thing4 ,the wings are made of two golden pheasant neck feathers1 with a broad strip of peacock wing feather on each side1 and a strip of scarlet macaw tail feather1 the latter to be a little longer than the other feathers1 a black ostrich head with a full brilliant blue jay feather round the shoulder4 ,the body is made thus3--a tip of silver twist1 a yellow floss silk tag1 two small toppings for tail1 the body is of golden yellow pig hair or mohair1 ribbed with silver twist1 with two golden yellow dyed hackles with a black streak up the centre1 rolled from the tail to the head4 ,no4 #i hook1 ,b1 or ,,bb4 ,no4 #aa is a fly that will kill grilse or salmon in the light running rivers of the ,north of ,scotland1 and in all rivers where the salmon and its varieties haunt1 and is made of different sizes4 ,the wings are made of a few fibres of each of the following feathers3 black and white small spotted bustard rump feather1 teal1 wood-duck1 silver hen pheasant tail1 and the silver cock pheasant tail black and white spotted feathers1 the neck feather of the golden pheasant1 and the red spear feather of the same bird1 and at each side two small feathers of the black and white jungle cock1 a black head1 and topping4 ,the body is made half yellow and half purple pig hair or mohair1 the latter colour next the head1 over which roll close up two black heron feathers off the crest2 a tip of gold1 and a small topping for tail1 and over the yellow or purple body roll double gold twist4 ,no4 #g hook1 or ,,bb4 ,the ,sea-,trout ,fly underneath ,no4 #aa in the same plate1 will be found a killer either for sea-trout or grilse1 in the rivers in ,scotland1 and the ,south of ,ireland4 ,the wings are made of a dark brown grouse hackle that grows on the rump of the bird1 just above the tail1 mixed with a small quantity of light brown turkey tail1 or kite tail1 which is the salmon tail glede of the north1 and two feelers of blue and yellow macaw2 a black head2 the body is made with a tip of silver twist at the tail1 and a tag of black ostrich2 the tail is a mixture of golden pheasant neck feather1 and brown mallard1 two or three fibres of each2 the body is blue floss silk1 rather light1 with an old black cock's hackle rolled over it1 ribbed with fine silver twist2 round the shoulder roll a claret or scarlet hackle4 ,the hook ,no4 #aj1 or ,c1 double ,,cc1 or ,b1 for grilse4 ,there may be three or four varieties of this fly made thus3--body blue1 with blue jay1 same wings1 with a little neck feather of the golden pheasant2 orange body1 same coloured hackle1 and same wings1 blue jay at head2 a dun body1 with fiery brown hackle at the head2 a claret body--a yellow body1 and small grouse2 blue body1 and guinea hen2 and a yellow body1 with guinea hen2 a black body1 black hackle1 and the same wings and tail2 a black fly1 with teal wings2 a brown body1 brown hackle1 and glede wings1 two fibres of the same for tail4 ,all these are the choicest colours for sea-trout and grilse flies in every salmon river in the kingdom4 ,illustration3 ,large ,spring ,salmon-fly ,no4 #ab4 ,is a large ,,spring ,,fly used generally in the ,shannon1 and the ,tweed1 when the rivers are very high and rapid4 ,it will be found a magnificent specimen of a gaudy salmon fly1 and is the proper size for ,march and ,april1 when the fulness of the stream prevents the fish from seeing smaller ones4 ,this fly will be seen to perfection in the ,plate4 ,with this1 ,i will describe three or four others of the same size1 of different colours1 which came into my possession from ,castle ,connell1 on the ,banks of the ,shannon4 ,the wings of ,no4 #ab are made of the small spotted brown ,argus tail feather1 golden pheasant tail1 and the black and white peacock wing feather2 scarlet and blue macaw1 and in the centre an orange macaw feather whole1 those that are tipped with blue and green--they are found on the shoulders of the red macaw and down the back2 a tuft of broken neck feather of the golden pheasant at the head1 and feelers of blue and yellow macaw2 a black head2 a tip of gold at the tail1 a tag of blue1 another of orange floss and black ostrich1 a good sized topping in the tail1 and at its root a tuft of red spear feather of the golden pheasant rump2 there is about half an inch body at the tail end1 made of yellow mohair1 and yellow hackle over it1 ribbed with gold1 the remainder of the body is made of puce floss silk1 with a dark wine-purple hackle struck over it1 ribbed with silver twist and flat gold1 and a yellow body feather of the macaw rolled round the shoulder4 ,the hook1 ,no4 #b or #c1 large ,salmon size4 ,,spring ,,flies4 ,the following fine large flies will be excellent killers in the ,shannon1 the ,tweed1 the ,thurso1 the ,spey1 and the ,tay1 in the spring season4 ,the bodies to be made small1 the wings large4 ,no4 #a4 ,the body is made of sky blue floss silk1 ribbed with broad silver tinsel1 tip of silver1 and orange tag2 a dark blue hackle from the tail up2 two toppings in the tail1 a large yellow pig hair or mohair head 7white seal fur dyed yellow does well71 a blue jay round the shoulder2 the wings are a large yellow and a large blue feather of the macaw1 which grows on the back and under the wings of that bird1 two orange macaw feathers an inch shorter on each side of them1 two toppings1 a mixture of argus1 bustard1 scarlet and blue macaw1 good size strips of each4 ,no4 #a hook1 full salmon size4 ,no4 #b4 ,the body is made of black floss silk1 tipped with silver1 tag of orange1 ribbed with broad silver plate up the body1 beside which a claret hackle1 and the tail two toppings2 the wings are made of a large red rump spear feather of the golden pheasant in the centre1 four large toppings with a mixture of sprigging at each side of the following3 ,argus pheasant tail1 bustard1 blue and yellow macaw1 blue jay at the shoulder1 and a large size head of puce pig hair4 ,hook ,no4 #a or #b1 ,spring ,salmon size4 ,no4 #c4 ,the body is made of black floss silk1 ribbed with silver1 orange tag1 tip of silver1 tail a topping with a little red2 the wings are made of the whole yellow feathers of the macaw which grow under the wings of the bird1 two tipped feathers mixed with bustard1 ,argus1 blue and scarlet macaw1 and a blue head of pig hair or mohair4 ,no4 #a or #b hook4 ,no4 #d4 ,the body is made of light puce floss silk1 ribbed with silver plate and gold twist1 a claret hackle over it1 tipped with silver1 a topping for tail1 and orange tag2 the wings are made of yellow macaw1 a red spear feather1 four toppings1 a mixture of bustard golden pheasant tail1 kingfisher's each side1 and a large blue head of mohair4 7,it cannot be too large for the ,shannon74 ,no4 #a hook1 large ,salmon size4 ,no4 #e4 ,the body is made of puce floss1 ribbed with broad silver and gold twist1 purple hackle over it1 orange tag1 tip of silver1 and tail a topping2 the wings are made of two body feathers of the yellow macaw1 mixed with blue macaw tail and ,argus1 two large toppings1 and a dark blue pig hair head4 ,salmon hook ,no4 #b1 spring size4 ,no4 #f4 ,this is another excellent fly4 ,the wings are like the last named fly2 a black floss body1 ribbed with silver1 and yellow hackle over it2 a large blue head1 picked out to hang down like a hackle4 ,no4 #c hook4 ,this is a fly of ,the ,ogormans1 of ,ennis1 in the ,county of ,clare1 see his ,work on ,angling4 ,the two ,salmon ,flies in the plate1 with picker1 are described for ,killarney4 ,,salmon ,,rivers4 ,it will be most advantageous to my readers that ,i should give them some accurate accounts of the various ,salmon ,rivers1 pointing out at the same time the best station on each where sport may be expected with the fly1 and to know where to proceed before starting on their angling excursion1 as the whole fun is in knowing the right places to prevent disappointment4 ,there are numerous small size rivers1 the local flies for which are of a plain and sombre hue1 and which it will be necessary the fisher should be acquainted with--these ,i will give as ,i proceed4 ,in summer1 when the rivers are low1 small plain flies are best1 or rather so on dark days1 with a good ripple1 then they will entice them4 ,they do not rise often when the sun is warm1 except in rapid streams4 ,use small black bodied flies with silver and middling gaudy wings1 mixed with teal or cock of the north feather--change it to a gaudy one if they do not take the black4 ,early in the mornings before the sun strikes the water1 and from three o'clock till dark1 or about sunset is a good time to move a large fish with a fly he likes4 ,the two flies at the bottom of the plate with picker1 are most likely ones for that time in the day4 ,the plain one is brown body1 and wings of mallard4 ,the bottom one is green body1 and mixed wings of gaudy feathers2 the body is a jointed one1 of peacock green4 ,i made it nearly twenty years ago1--it is a beautiful specimen of a gaudy fly for rapids after a flood4 ,,the ,,river ,,tweed4 ,i will begin with this large and beautiful salmon river1 which runs rapidly along the borders of ,england and ,scotland1 taking a course from ,west to ,east4 ,it flows majestically through a highly picturesque and cultivated country1 washing many good towns on its way to the sea1 where it discharges its valuable waters at ,berwick4 ,the town of ,kelso is the best station1 as there is good fishing above and below it4 ,there is a magnificent spot for a month or more of salmon fishing at a place called ,the ,throughs1 three miles above the town1--it is a real picture of a place to the eyes of the fisher4 ,higher up is ,st4 ,boswell's1 and a little higher1 ,melrose--both charming places4 ,there is good angling in the ,tiviot1 at ,kelso1 in the spring2 it runs into the ,tweed on the opposite side4 ,the trout are numerous in it4 ,there are several capital stations below the town1 where the fish take the fly most freely1 which is not the case in most of the rivers of the same magnitude4 ,the fifteen painted salmon flies will be found excellent killers in this noble river1 and the six large spring flies4 ,i have killed ,grilse1 ,sea-,trout1 and ,river-,trout with the ,winged ,larva at the ,throughs in ,august4 ,easterly winds were prevailing at the time1 and the fish would not stir at any other sort of fly4 ,when the river runs very low small flies are best4 ,,the ,,river ,,shannon4 ,this is the largest and finest ,salmon river in ,britain4 ,there is not a river in ,norway that can be compared to it for fishing1 were it properly used4 ,the angler must proceed to its banks before he can say1 conscientiously1 that he has ever seen a salmon river4 ,in its course it expands into three large and beautiful lakes1 ,lough ,allen1 ,lough ,ree1 and ,lough ,derg4 ,there are numerous islands in the latter one1 with ruins of religious edifices1 c4 ,this noble river receives many tributaries1 in which there is capital fly fishing1 with rapids and falls of water till it reaches ,limerick4 ,it runs a hundred and twenty miles to this place1 and sixty more to the sea4 ,it is on leaving the lakes that it abounds with many delightful streams--the haunts of large ,salmon and fine ,trout4 ,six miles above ,limerick1 at ,castle ,connel1 there is a splendid place for the fly1 and ,trout fishing is good4 ,the angler will here behold a scene that will greatly amuse him4 ,there are other capital casts for ,salmon up to ,killaloe1 where the ,pike and ,eels are of an extraordinary size and quality4 ,lough ,derg is close to this place1 in which are caught the ,gillaroe ,trout2 they have gizzards like turkeys1 are short and round in the body1 very red in the flesh when cooked1 and they have a most delicious flavour4 ,the best flies for the ,shannon are the fifteen painted ones1 and the six large flies for spring4 ,you cannot fail with these beautiful flies4 ,,the ,,lakes ,,of ,,clare4 ,from the town of ,killaloe the angler may proceed to the lakes of the ,county of ,clare4 ,you go west to the town of ,broadford1 eight miles distant1 where there are three or four lakes1 the furthest off one1 ,dromore2 this town is eighteen miles off1 and about eight from the county town1 ,ennis1 on the river ,fergus4 ,twelve miles up this river is ,corrafin1 a neat town1 near which is the celebrated lake of ,inchiquin1 famous for its large trout and splendid views4 ,here the angler will find boats and every accommodation4 ,the flies in my list for the season will kill exceedingly well in these lakes1 made two or three sizes larger1 and in fine weather the size they are4 ,they are fond of grouse hackle1 wrens1 browns1 turf-coloured flies1 amber1 black1 grey1 c41 c41 with brown grouse wings4 ,the yarn fly,b is not used here4 ,before the tourist angler leaves ,killaloe1 if he has time1 he should by all means see the antiquities of the place1 ,lough ,derg and ,holy ,island1 where there are to be seen the ruins of seven churches1 and a round tower #gj feet high1 the entrenchments of ,brian ,boroimhe1 ,king of ,munster1 at ,cancora1 and his tomb near the ,cathedral in the town4 ,this ancient town is seated on the western bank of the ,shannon1 in the ,county of ,clare1 over which there is a bridge of nineteen arches2 at a short distance below it1 this grand river rolls over tremendous ledges of rocks1 where there is an excellent fishery4 ,it is a great pity that this fine river should be prevented from being of the greatest benefit to the country through which it runs1 all owing to the cruives1 the stake nets1 bag nets1 and every other destructive invention that can be contrived for the wholesale slaughter of the splendid ,salmon4 ,oh6 look to it1 you that have the power4 ,from ,limerick the angler may proceed to ,athlone and ,galway1 but ,i should advise him to proceed to the south first1 and fish the ,blackwater and the lakes of ,killarney2 ,mr4 ,jas4 ,butler has prohibited the fishing at ,waterville this spring1 in consequence1 as he says1 of the numbers visiting1 coupled with acts of poaching4 ,i should say the lake is free1 as it always was and ever has been1 knowing that ,mr4 ,butler is most polite to gentlemen4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote ,b3 ,net4 ,,the ,,lakes ,,of ,,killarney4 ,from ,mallow1 on the ,blackwater1 the angler proceeds to ,killarney4 ,it would be as well to go to ,lismore1 farther down from ,mallow1 where there is good ,salmon fishing to be had2 there is a ,mr4 ,foley here 7who rents the weirs of the ,duke of ,devonshire71 he is most polite to strangers1 and allows them to fish in the weirs1 which are of some extent2 and most of the ,gentlemen residing on its banks1 from ,lismore up1 will allow the stranger to fly-fish through their grounds1 send their keepers to shew them the best places1 and are most hospitable and polite4 ,at the ,killarney junction1 ,mallow1 the angler takes his seat1 and in a little time is delighted with the sight of the ,lakes4 ,i visited ,killarney in #ahdh1 on an angling excursion in ,ireland1 to recruit my fallen spirits1 if possible1 after many years of industrious labour1 and it is myself that would advise the sickly to go there1 if he had legs to walk on1 says poor ,pat4 ,to my great disappointment at the time1 the ,lakes were netted by their respective owners1 which rather damped my spirits after going so far a fishing--my sport there was but inferior4 ,it is not so now1 many thanks to ,lord ,kenmare and ,mr4 ,herbert1 who have put a stop to the netting and other contrivances1 to the delight of the anglers and inn keepers of the neighbourhood4 ,i have been given to understand that the ,salmon fishing is capital now in the lakes and river4 ,at ,ennisfallen ,island there is a favourite cast1 and another between that and ,ross ,island2 another to the south west of it2 towards ,mucruss ,abbey1 to the north-east1 there is good water for the fly1 and in ,glena bay1 all of which the boatmen will show4 ,at the latter place parties dine1 in a very beautiful situation at the foot of the hill1 sheltered by trees to the water's edge4 ,on the west side of it is shown a curiosity--a holly1 a thorn1 a birch1 a hazel1 an ash1 and an oak1 so curiously entwined1 that they appear as one tree2 at this place there is a good fishery1 at the cottage they cut the salmon into pieces1 skewer them with arbutus1 and roast them over a turf fire2 they say arbutus gives them a fine flavour4 ,between ,brickeen ,bridge and the ,upper ,lake there is good fishing1 in the narrow gorge between the lakes2 the charges of boats1 c41 have been regulated1 so that they cannot now impose upon visitors4 ,the scenery in the vicinity of ,brickeen ,bridge and the ,eagle's ,nest is sublime1 and must delight the heart of the ,angler who may be seeking health and pastime1 either by himself or with his dear admiring friends4 ,there is not a table1 either in inn or lodging house in the town of ,killarney1 wanting a ,guide to the ,lakes1 written by some intelligent person or other1 so that the angler cannot go astray4 ,there are numerous good inns in the town and neighbourhood1 the people and landlords of which are polite1 civil1 and obliging to strangers1 as are the guides and boatmen4 ,there is a ,miss ,smith1 in ,new ,street1 who keeps a comfortable lodging1 the most honest creature ,i ever came across1 go to her1 you gentle ones4 ,the delightful ,island of ,ennisfallen1 which used to be my favourite spot during my stay1 would be a kind of ,heaven on ,earth to the invalid2 it is covered with verdure and beautiful large trees1 the arbutus1 c4 ,there is a thorn growing through a tomb stone1 a holly fourteen feet thick1 a curious crab tree1 and the bed of honour1 which the guides say if you lie down in it1 having no children up to the present time1 your honor will be sure to have plenty of them after your return home4--,this place is a hollow about the size of a large bed1 in a projecting rock over-hung with holly and hawthorn4 ,in an aperture in the crab tree the guides recommend ladies to pass4 ,there are ruins of a once celebrated ,abbey here1 founded in an early date of ,st4 ,finian4 ,the annals of ,ennisfallen comprise a history of the world up to ,a4,d4 #dcj1 and a history of ,ireland up to #acbj4 ,they are preserved in ,trinity ,college1 ,dublin4 ,there is an enormous ash tree growing out of the floor of the abbey4 ,it is unquestionably a healthy spot1 and soon excites an appetite by inhaling its salubrious air4 ,the remains of the once beautiful edifice ,mucruss ,abbey is well worth seeing1 as the ravages of death1 which were once too prominent1 have been cleared away by the humane ,mr4 ,herbert1 so that there may be a close inspection made of the ruins2 the architecture of the eastern window is admirable2 and the extraordinary yew tree growing in the centre of the ancient cloisters and over-spreading its walls is curious in the extreme1 in the fork of the yew1 above the great trunk1 there is a kind of unctuous gum constantly flowing down1 which is said by the peasantry that the yew is shedding tears for the fate of the abbey4 ,the ,salmon flies to suit the ,lakes1 are ,nos4 #b1 #d1 #e1 and #f1 #h and #i the two at the bottom of the plate with picker1 and ,no4 #d plate on ,salmon hooks1 the paintings of which are exact to the models4 ,the three latter flies are1 first1 a cinnamon-brown body1 brown wings1 and brown red hackle1 mixed tail2 second1 a jointed body fly of blue and green1 gaudy mixed wing1 topping in the tail--this fly may be used in very rough water1 and the brown one with a nice ripple and grey cloud2 the ,no4 #d fly on ,salmon hooks1 is mallard wings1 fiery brown body ribbed with gold1 brown red hackle1 hook ,no4 #f1 ,b1 ,,cc1 and a yellow and red mixed tail4 ,the ,dun ,salmon ,fly1 ,no #f1 and the one above it1 ,no #e1 are favourite killers in the lakes and river4 ,my advise is1 that my friends 7,i call every angler who reads this book a friend71 should beware of the mountain dew,c and goat's milk1 sold by the damsels of ,killarney1 in the vicinity of ,brickeen ,bridge1 and the ,eagle's nest2 they are harmless and cleanly creatures1 but their importunity to taste their goat's milk is teasing--buy their goat's milk1 but reject their dew1 gentle fishers4 ,the river ,lane1 which issues out of the ,lower ,lake1 as it is now preserved by the inn keepers1 is a capital stream for salmon and sea trout fishing2 about four miles from ,killarney1 at the ,bridge leading to ,dunloe ,gap1 is a good place to begin to fish1 either up or down the river2 the trout in both lakes and river are as yellow as gold when taken out of the water1 they are spotted over with beautiful brown-red marks1 and are very handsome to look at4 ,the ,trout ,flies in the list will be found excellent for the lakes and river4 ,a grouse hackle1 with orange silk body1 and a little strip of grey partridge tail for wings--this with the ant brown1 hare's ear1 and amber fly2 the red dun1 caperer1 wren and cuckoo hackle1 and duns of various shades and size1 ribbed with silver4 ,the land-rail fly1 brown-red hackle1 and ash fox1 an orange body with black hackle from the tail up1 and starling wings4 ,the silver dun1 with grey mallard wings1 mixed with the wing of the bunting lark1 ribbed with silver1 and tail of the hackle fibres1 the body yellow dun--this is a great favourite made of sea-trout size for the river1 and large for salmon in the lakes4 ,the sand and cinnamon flies are also good1 and the red spinner2 the winged larva is an excellent fly below the ,bridge1 allowed to sink a little beneath the surface when fished with1 grilse and sea-trout will take it4 ,the river ,lane is remarkable for its firm footing along the banks1 and no where obstructed by trees1 it is the most pleasant place ,i ever saw for fishing1 combined with wild and fanciful scenery4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote ,c3 ,whiskey--,oh6 whiskey1 whiskey1--cruel whiskey1 you are the cause of poor ,pat's giant poverty1 you have rushed in upon him like one armed4 ,oh6 thou accursed evil spirit4 ,,lough ,,curran1 ,,waterville4 ,the angler may proceed any morning he feels disposed1 to ,waterville river and lake1 southwest of ,killarney1 in the ,county ,kerry2 there is a car from the ,kenmare ,arms ,hotel about eight o'clock in the morning1 passing through ,killorglan at the foot of the river ,lane1 which you have in view up to this place2 ,three miles farther on you come to the river ,corra1 where there is an ,inn1 at the ,bridge1 for the accommodation of anglers1 and where they may procure capital sea-trout and small grilse fishing2 the lake ,carra1 out of which the river flows1 is seen to the left before reaching the river at the bridge4 ,it would be worth while staying a few days at this place1 as the sea-trout fishing is beyond comparison1 below the bridge to the sea1 and above it as far as the lake1 and also in the lake4 ,the flies ,i have just named will kill well in the ,carra1 with a small black one1 like a midge1 ribbed with silver1 with a honey dun fly made very small4 ,you reach ,cahirceveen in about eight hours from ,killarney1 from whence you take a car eight miles further on to ,waterville1 where you arrive comfortably in the evening to rest and have a talk with ,mr4 ,butler1 the proprietor of the cuts2 the angler will find him most civil and polite1 and on asking you get instant permission to angle for salmon in the river1 and keep all you catch which has been a general rule for a length of time2 the lake is free for salmon and trout fishing1 it abounds with fine sea-trout1 which appear to be continually running up between the bars of the cruives4 ,the river is very small1 having but one pool in it close to the sea for salmon1 the run of it is very short as the lake and sea almost meet1 they are separated merely by a neck of land on which the bridge and cuts are erected1 about three or four perches altogether4 ,there is good sport to be had in the lake and river when it is flooded1 and the angler will find every convenience with respect to men and boats2 there are two inns in the place1 at least when ,i was there in #ahdh1 there were two4 ,the flies for ,waterville are the same as those ,i have just given1 except for salmon in the river1 which should be very plain and sombre1 they are brown bodies1 with dark hackles over a roll or two of gold tinsel1 and brown turkey wings of a reddish hue2 small blue flies1 with gaudy wings1 ribbed with silver1 and black heads1 the hackle to be dyed blue1 and floss silk body1 hook ,no4 #aj or ,c4 ,,cc4 ,when the water is up they will take ,nos4 #c1 #d1 and #e flies in the plates2 and the fly ,no4 #aa is most excellent4 ,they use a good sized fly in the lake for trout1 when ,i fished it my flies were of the smaller sort1 and in the hot sun the trout took small amber flies best with me4 ,the local flies were darker--say drake size1 with brown bodies1 black hackles1 and turkey wings1 nevertheless they take them in a windy day exceedingly quick1 and in a very short time the fishermen in the boats catch a large dish of them1 say in about a hour2 the trout and grilse in this lake ,i must say are most delicious1 they almost melt in the mouth1 says he4 ,the angler1 when he gets tired here1 may return to ,killarney1 and make head for the west and north1 and sure enough he may have another throw on the lakes1 if he pleases1 by way of bidding them good bye4 ,he might take a start before he goes across the hills to ,kenmare1 by car1 and have a day or two on the river ,blackwater1 usually called ,kerry ,blackwater2 it is about eight miles from ,kenmare1 on the south-west side of the estuary of that name1 on the road to ,derrynane ,beg1 or ,derrynane ,abbey4 ,there is an inn on the river as you cross the road1 but no town4 ,the angler might go to it for a day or so from ,waterville1 by hiring a car at the inn1 there and back4 ,he will have an opportunity of seeing the mansion of the late ,mr4 ,d4 ,o',connell1 at ,derrynane1 as he passes it to his right off the road1 in a most healthy situation1 sequestered amongst dwarf trees of the most fanciful appearance1 close to a bay of the sea1 or what is called ,kenmare ,river1 the salt water of which is as clear as crystal4 ,the flies used on this prolific little river are brown bodies1 three ribs of gold tinsel1 black hackles1 and grouse and mallard wings2 but ,i would strongly advise the angler to have some of the small flies made smaller still for this river1 than in the plates of flies4 ,a very small blue jay1 a silver grey or hedgehog fly1 with a small black one ribbed with silver1 are all good for this stream4 ,the angler returns to old ,killarney1 and takes rail for ,limerick1 from thence by steam to ,athlone1 on the ,great ,western2 there are fine ,trout and ,salmon here in summer4 ,go on from here to ,galway1 and fly fish ,lough ,carib 7the river1 ,i believe1 is now broken up to facilitate the navigation between the bay and this grand expanse of fresh water74 ,there are very large ,trout to be met with in the ,lough1 and every accommodation respecting fishermen and boats at the town4 ,the angler will find it very pleasant for a day or two's fish in the lake1 with a ripple on the water and a grey cloud above4 ,,connamara ,,and ,,ballynahinch4 ,in this western region there are some beautiful lakes and rivers1 once celebrated for the abundance of ,salmon and ,trout which they contained1 but1 alas6 the weirs and nets have wed them all away1 to the grief of the tourist angler1 who might have enjoyed the wild sports of the west4 ,so he will yet1 for there is a reformation to take place that will restore them to their pristine numbers both in lake and river4 ,they are about to take down the weirs1 and net the bays1 which will not only give the ,salmon a free passage up1 but augment them a hundred-fold1--then1 hurrah for ,connamara1 the land of the west4 ,derry ,clare ,lake is a good one for the fly1 so is ,lough ,inna1 and above and below the weirs4 ,if the generous proprietors of the fishery would consult upon the subject1 they would immediately put a stop to the obstructions1 if not1 it it is quite impossible that there can be good fishing up to ,lough ,inna4 ,thirty gentlemen might fly fish these waters without the least inconvenience1 were the ,salmon allowed to go free4 ,the ,salmon ,flies for ,connamara are rather small and plain2 various brown1 black1 red1 olive1 and orange flies kill well1 ribbed with gold and silver4 ,those ,sea-,trout ones1 described for ,waterville1 do also well1 and orange floss silk1 ribbed with gold1 small topping for tail1 jay round the head1 and mallard mixed wings4 ,hook ,c or ,,cc4 ,a small black fly1 yellow tag1 topping for tail1 rib of silver1 teal1 and golden pheasant neck1 breast feather of the peacock wing1 mixed1 blue feelers of macaw1 jay at the shoulder4 ,hook ,b1 or ,no4 #i4 ,a green body1 ribbed with gold1 black red hackle1 orange macaw1 or cock of the rock feather in the tail1 short2 a nice mixed gaudy wing1 with a good deal of mallard and wood-duck prevailing1 or silver pheasant wing1 the hen bird is best4 ,c1 ,,cc or ,b hook2 vary the size for high and low water4 ,a small claret fly1 and the three flies in the ,plates1 ,nos4 #c1 #d1 and #e1 with ,no4 #aa1 all made on small hooks1 these are the sorts to kill4 ,the ,sea-,trout ones are very small black and red hackles1 grouse and wren hackles1 dun flies1 and little brown ants1 hare's ear and yellow1 silver greys1 and the small flies enumerated in the catalogue4 ,use a sixteen feet salmon rod1 and single gut casting lines1 with one or two twisted lengths next to the reel line1 which should be plaited silk and hair4 ,there are plenty of boats and boatmen to be had at ,ballynahinch ,river and ,lakes1 all civil fellows1 and if used with common kindness and decency1 they will confess that the ,english anglers are the best fellows in the whole world1--,good luck to their honors4 ,long life to their honors4 ,the scenery of this wild country is quite equal to any in ,scotland1 if the intelligent tourist angler would be at the pains of penetrating into the mountainous regions which surround ,connamara4 ,the islands in the bays are interesting and beautiful1 as well as the stupendous hills standing up in order like giants1 as it were1 to bid defiance to the wild waves of the great ,atlantic4 ,ireland is proverbial for the finest breeding rivers in the world for ,salmon and ,trout1 in no country can there be found such splendid rivers and lakes for ,salmon2 see1 for instance1 the rivers ,shannon1 ,erin1 ,bann1 and the stupendous lakes out of which they issue1 and of which1 it is sufficient to show1 that at ,burn ,cranna1 two miles below ,coleraine1 with the cross nets1 three tons of ,salmon were caught in one day by the fishermen some years back4 ,this will give an idea of what the rivers in ,ireland1 in general1 can produce4 ,the ,bann is preserved in the right season for the fry to come to perfection in great shoals1 and from ,march till ,august the nets and cruives are worked4 ,the flavour and quality of the ,irish ,salmon far exceed those of any other part of the ,united ,kingdom1 for when the fish are sent up from the north to the ,london markets they often lose their flavour1 if not properly packed in the ice boxes2 how can it be otherwise1 when the distance is considered4 ,the real ,salmon of the ,tweed1 ,tay1 and ,spay1 are delicious1 through the quickness of transit4 ,above ,ballynahinch are seen the ,twelve ,pins1 or rocky precipices of ,beanabola4 ,on the right of this mountainous road1 beyond ,ballynahinch1 opposite the beautiful island of ,ennisbofine1 are seen green mountain heights of great elevation1 with romantic winding vallies1 rivers1 and views1 that strike the heart with admiration4 ,there is a large river in this neighbourhood1 called the ,owen ,rieve1 which abounds with ,salmon1 and falls into the sea south of ,clue ,bay4 ,at the head of the ,bay1 a short way up1 there is a ,salmon ,fishery1 but no inn4 ,,ballyna4 ,the angler may now proceed to the river ,moy1 at ,ballyna1 in the ,county of ,mayo1 a celebrated place for ages for ,salmon fishing with the fly1 and also a place where he may find every facility for insuring sport by the kind and obliging conduct of the renter of the cruives1 or cuts1 who politely allows the angler to fish where he pleases1 on condition that he gives up his fish save one per day1 which he may freely reserve for himself1 and as a trophy of his success1 have the honor of cutting it pink by a good turf fire1 tired after the day's sport1 washing it down with a smoking hot tumbler of whiskey punch1 drinking the health of the ,queen1 and success to the arms of our brave countrymen in the ,east4 ,lough ,con will be found also good1 but the trout fishing is best in it--fly fish the river for salmon4 ,it is about ten miles up to the southwest1 and in it may be caught with the fly1 the gilla-roe trout that have gizzards1 the same as in ,lough ,derg on the ,shannon4 ,from the town of ,ballyna up to ,foxford1 eight miles distant1 is all capital water for salmon2 there are plenty of boats to be had1 and those who do not like a boat may fish from the shore2 the salmon will rise and take the fly in every part of this water1 so that the angler cannot go astray4 ,the flies in use here are rather plain than gaudy1 except in the spring1 like all other rivers1 they must be larger and more of a gaudy hue4 ,a claret body1 claret hackle and gold rib1 tail a small topping1 an orange tag rather tapered to the shoulder1 jay at head1 mallard wings mixed with blue and yellow macaw1 neck feather of the golden pheasant1 a topping over all1 guinea hen1 teal1 and blue macaw feelers each side with a kingfisher1 hook ,,cc1 #i1 or ,,bb4 ,illustration3 ,plate of #g ,flies and ,salmon4 ,a fly1 with a fiery brown floss silk body1 black ostrich tag1 hackle of the same colour as body1 rib of gold1 tail of topping1 mallard1 golden pheasant tail1 neck1 and red rump feathers mixed1 a blue jay or small guinea hen feather at the shoulder1 hook ,no4 #i1 or ,b in low water4 ,a blue body1 blue jay over it1 tag of orange floss1 topping for tail1 the hackle to be made full by another jay at the shoulder1 under which roll a piece of orange pig-hair and pick it out well through the jay2 the wings to be mixed ones with a topping in the centre2 scarlet macaw feelers1 and black head2 hook ,no4 #i and ,b2 rib the body with silver tinsel1 and let it be the same colour as the jay4 ,these with ,nos4 #a1 #c1 #d1 and #e1 in the plates of flies for salmon will be found excellent4 ,no4 #aa is a good one2 and a fly made with black silk body ribbed with silver twist1 a very small topping in the tail1 mixed with a sprig or two of guinea hen and ,ibis1 a small guinea hen hackle over the body and cut slantingly underneath the body to be longer at the shoulder1 and a black or peacock head with a small blue jay round it2 wings mixed with dark mallard1 teal1 neck feather1 blue and yellow macaw1 and a strip or two of wood-duck each side1 and a fibre or two of peacock neck and white spotted wing feather1 hook ,,cc1 ,b4 ,if these flies are attended to1 they will kill when many others fail2 do not lose your sport and time1 keep to what ,i say4 ,,ballyshannon4 ,from ,ballyna the angler may proceed to the ,erne1 at ,ballyshannon1 by coach1 where he will find1 on his arrival1 a beautiful river1 and every accommodation he requires2 it is a short running river1 with a deep and rapid current1 about three or four miles in length2 at the town of ,bellick it flows out of the grand expanse of ,lough ,erne1 fifty miles in length1 and in some parts twelve in width4 ,the salmon leap of ,ballyshannon1 is a broad body of water falling over a perpendicular rock twelve feet high1 up which the salmon run1 showing their dark backs through the foaming water1 and again falling back into the pool below after many attempts to surmount it2 they seldom leap clean up out of the water1 but in general ,i have seen them rushing up through the falling current1 which shows the extraordinary strength they possess4 ,i have remarked that they always remain a day or two in the first pool they come to after their ascent1 and in this they take the fly most greedily1 generally at the head of the leap4 ,the fishermen sweep the river with nets below the leap1 and the enormous quantities they take is most surprising1 still there is abundance in the river2 in summer in consequence of the netting1 of course the salmon are not so plentiful up the river4 ,the fish house stands on an island1 which may be seen from the bridge of fourteen arches1 and in the distance the sea views are grand4 ,there is capital fishing below the bridge1 and many fine salmon throws or haunts all the way up to ,belleek2 this town is finely situated on the north of ,lough ,erne1 where it begins to discharge its waters into the channel which conveys them into the bay of ,donnegal4 ,the river at this place has a fall of twenty feet1 forming a beautiful scene1 enriched by foliage and steep precipices4 ,the trout fishing here is good4 ,the river ,erne has a long course1 the source of which is ,lough ,gonnagh1 in the ,county ,longford1 a short way from ,lough ,sheelin1 and the celebrated ,lakes of ,west ,meath4 ,it then enters ,lough ,oughter1 in the ,county ,cavan1 after a serpentine course of eighteen or twenty miles1 although the distance between the lakes is only eight miles2 after passing through this lake1 it takes another winding course of the same distance1 passing ,belturbet1 an ancient town on its banks1 it then enters the upper ,lough ,erne1 and falls into the sea at ,ballyshannon4 ,seeing the abundance of fish which these grand lakes1 and clear running streams throughout the country produce1 it is not at all to be wondered at the quantities taken at ,ballyshannon4 ,the flies in use here are very gaudy1 ,nos4 #a1 #b1 and #c1 in the plates1 will be found capital killers1 and up to ,no4 #aa in fine days in summer when the water is low4 ,there is another good killer which ,i will here describe3--body yellow brown mohair1 ribbed with silver twist1 puce tag1 topping for tail with a little scarlet ibis mixed1 a good dyed yellow hackle rolled over the body1 and a scarlet hackle round the head2 the wings are four toppings with strips of summer duck1 a sprig or two of pheasant tail and neck1 a strip of dyed white tipped turkey tail1 and a sprig of guinea hen and glede or kite tail1 the tail feather of the hen ,hymalean pheasant is as good as what is called in ,scotland salmon tail glede1 and the topping or crest of the cock bird which is a transparent scarlet colour1 and like a topping of the golden pheasant stands over all2 blue kingfisher each side1 and scarlet macaw feelers1 black ostrich head1 hook ,no4 #i or #h in high water4 ,this is a magnificent specimen of a salmon fly1 and cannot be made properly at a small expense1 either by the amateur himself who buys his foreign feathers1 or by the fly-maker who gets his bread by it4 ,the three flies in the plates ,nos4 #a1 #b1 and #c1 will be found to do the work well4 ,with this one1 see the gaudy jointed fly in the plate1 with picker at top4 ,,the ,,rivers ,,bush ,,and ,,bann4 ,from ,ballyshannon the angler proceeds to the ,enniskillen and ,derry railway1 where he takes his seat for ,coleraine2 on arriving at this town he need not expect much fishing1 except that he may take a throw at the head of the leap1 and take also a view of that stupendous fall of fresh water which there can be little doubt of its surprising him1 with the grand and delightful scenes around4 ,when he gets on the suspension bridge1 over the very top of the leap1 he must hold by the rails to steady himself1 and consider where he really is2 the noise which the great body of water in the centre fall makes1 when it descends into the pool beneath1 dins his very ears1 this with the broad rapid running river close beneath his feet as he stands on the light iron bridge1 holding by a single rail with his hand1 must almost take his sight away2 and if he never had the pleasure of seeing the shadow of fear before1 rely upon it he feels himself in a fearful plight just then for a short time any how4 ,on the ,county ,derry side the falls are not so strong1 and on these the cuts are erected1 for no salmon could surmount the centre fall1 and these cuts are so high from the top of the leap1 that the salmon cannot get over them even in floods1 except by mere chance4 ,this productive fishery belongs to the ,london ,fishmongers' ,company1 on application the stranger will be allowed on the bridge to view the falls1 and at the same time he will see the traps crowded with salmon of all sizes1 from the small graul1 as they call them there1 to the largest size salmon2 sometimes the fish can hardly swim in these cuts or cruives they are so numerous1 what a treat for the eyes of the fly fisher to behold4 ,the angler may fly fish at will1 and has his choice either to go up the ,bann to ,kilrea1 or go first to the ,bush river1 it is only seven miles from ,coleraine to ,bush ,mills1 so that as he is now in that town it would be advisable to try his hand at the ,bush first1 and then proceed to ,kilrea1 on the ,bann1 about fourteen miles up that river1 by car4 ,when the angler arrives at ,bush ,mills1 which he will do in an hour from ,coleraine1 the inn keeper will make him acquainted with the rules of the fishing4 ,the river is now in possession of a club of gentlemen1 who will with great pleasure allow the stranger to fly fish4 ,it will be necessary to have a guide1 who will show you all the best throws for salmon2 and when tired of fishing1 point out the ,causeway to you1 which is two miles from the town4 ,the best of the fishing extends about two miles--one mile below the town to the sea1 and one mile above it at the salmon leap4 ,there are some good throws on the top of the leap1 and towards the tail of the large pool beneath2 another famous throw between that and the town called ,lagan ,drade2 at the top of this long pool there are two large stones projecting out of the water1 between which the current of the stream rushes violently1 in this rapid place between the stones the fish will take the fly1 and below the stones along the left side of the ,bush1 and on the rising ground at the foot of the pool2 if you can manage to throw well over the bushes you will be very apt to hook a salmon in the mid-water4 ,there is another good throw below the bridge2 the deepest part lying along the gardens1 and three or four more between that and the sea2 there is a large stone lies in the middle of the river1 over which the water may be seen boiling1 if you can manage to throw beyond it1 and draw the fly across it letting it fall a little below it1 you will have a chance to hook a fish immediately4 ,just below this stone1 a little way from the sea1 at a narrow part of the river1 is another capital place1 fish it from the right side and do not come abruptly upon the place or the fish will see you1 which will prevent them from rising1 but this you can avoid1 as you will see this contracted part from the stone throw2 prepare a good fly before you come up1 and keep as far off it as possible4 ,it is a shelving elbow shaped rock narrowing the river1 so that your fly must be gradually moved down commencing a few yards above the elbow rock1 which cannot be seen as the grass grows on it to the very edge1 till you look over it into the water2 just as the fly rounds the point all the fish see it that are lying under the brow of the hollow rock1 where you may expect a rise2 this is the deepest part of the whole river1 and the first resting place for the fish after leaving the sea4 ,in this place the depth of the water requires a bright fly2 the following one will prove a killer3--,body1 orange floss silk1 a small topping for tail with a fibre or two of mallard1 ribbed with fine gold tinsel1 and a rich brown-red cock's hackle from the tail up1 not too long in the fibres1 the hackle to be a little black at the head when rolled on2 the wing of copper brown mallard with a strip of wood-duck each side1 and a topping over all2 feelers of macaw1 and a black ostrich head4 ,hook ,,cc4 ,should you rise a fish with this old favorite1 and it does not take1 try him once or twice more with it1 and no doubt you will have him4 ,if he does not hook himself with it1 change it for a light blue one1 the body the blue colour of the sky1 legs the same1 and a mallard wing ribbed with gold4 ,you now come to the sea1 at ,bushfoot4 ,there is a pool here into which the tide ebbs and flows1 and at times the fish are plunging over and over on the top of each other1 which the fishermen net when this is the case4 ,when the tide is out the ,salmon will rise and take the fly in it freely1 as the flowing of the river into it pushes out the brackish water before it1 and when the tide is flowing1 before it enters the pool1 is the best time1--in fact1 this is the best place to stay at for the sole purpose of being enabled to fish1 as the river above is so low in summer1 except after rains1 that it is useless to try4 ,the ,castle of old ,dunluce is near ,bushfoot1 it stands on a rock close to the cliff on the mainland in the sea1 and is built on the surface or top of the rock1 close to its very edge all round1 and the corner stones appear to have been brought from the ,giant's ,causeway4 ,there is a deep chasm between the castle and the land1 over which the range wall of the old bridge is yet standing2 the bridge itself is completely gone4 ,this narrow wall1 about fourteen inches wide1 may be easily crossed going into the castle1 but on recrossing it to the land side it strikes terror into the heart4 ,some years ago ,i visited this old ruin1 and crossed the wall into it quite easily and fearlessly1 but on my returning1 to my great surprise1 ,i was afraid of my life to recross it4 ,the cause was1 no doubt1 that the wall and yawning chasm appeared more under me on coming out than on going in1 the wall being narrow and the chasm deep4 ,at last ,i crept over it very slowly on my hands and knees1 and it was with difficulty ,i reached the land4 ,as ,i sat panting on the grass1 looking towards the dark old pile1 ,i vowed that the walls of ,dunluce ,castle should never again hold me4 ,i was most likely stricken with a fairy talisman4 ,the ,,giant',s ,,causeway is two miles from ,bushfoot1 where the stranger may spend a few pleasant days with a kind friend1 amidst rocks and caves1 glens and tremendous cliffs1 causeways1 chasms1 and pillars of wondrous height4 ,these rows of pillars stand up the face of the cliff1 which is #cfj feet high1 from the base of which three broad causeways extend1 of honeycomb shape1 nine hundred feet into the sea4 ,the pillars of these low causeways are generally six1 seven1 and many three and nine-sided1 and as even as if they had been cut with a chisel2 they rest one upon another in joints1 the top one round to fit into the one beneath like a socket1 and the pillars are so closely packed1 that you can hardly get the point of a knife between them4 ,there are other pillars in the face of the cliffs1 called the ,giant's ,loom1 the ,giant's ,chair1 the ,giant's ,organ1 and the ,giant's ,well4 ,the natural wildness and grandeur of these and the adjoining promontories1 exceed any thing that can be imagined4 ,,the ,,river ,,bann4 ,portna is considered the best ford for ,salmon and ,trout fishing on this noble stream4 ,at this place1 which is merely an inn1 kept by a ,mr4 ,moore1 for the accommodation of anglers1 the river1 which is a large one1 falls over ledges of rock1 large stones1 broad fords of gravel1 deep gorges in places1 rushing down inclined plains1 which spread into currents five and six feet deep1 dimpling as it flows along1 where large trout may be seen taking down the natural insects1 and making the surface boil4 ,these places might be swarming1 were it not for the cruives1 with the largest salmon in ,britain4 ,during the summer months you may take a good many salmon here1 but on some days you cannot see a fish1 as they are mostly stopped at the cuts4 ,these salmon traps are called cuts1 in ,ireland1 and cruives1 in ,scotland4 ,i need not explain their formation1 as they are too well known to the fly fishers4 ,notwithstanding all this1 the generous renter of the fishery at the ,leap of ,coleraine1 gives liberty to all anglers visiting the ,bann1 from ,march to ,august1 and the courtesy and politeness which he evinces towards gentlemen1 causes him to take no notice of their fishing with the salmon fly till ,september4 ,i have been informed by ,mr4 ,moore1 the inn-keeper1 at ,portna1 that there is now a ,queen's ,gap made in the cuts1 on ,sundays1 to allow some of the salmon to escape4 ,this is a great boon to the angler4 ,the town of ,kilrea is a mile from ,portna1 where there is a good inn1 kept by an ,englishman1 a ,mr4 ,adcock4 ,at the bridge1 which is half a mile from the town1 there is a famous throw for a salmon2 you let off the line1 while standing on the bridge1 to where the fish lie1 a little lower down4 ,there are capital streams for salmon near ,moor ,lodge1 a delightful spot1 down as far as ,bevanaher ford4 ,the boatmen take you through the gorges in racehorse style4 ,the man brings the bow of the boat to the very edge of the rapid1 steadies her by making you sit down with himself1 and in a minute or two she shoots down the gorge in a very pleasant manner into the broad ford below2 when he returns with the boat1 he pulls her up the side of the stream4 ,the ,bann boatmen1 ,i must say1 are very civil fellows1 and charge moderately for their labour and boats--half-a-crown a day1 pot luck1 and a smoke of tobacco--an ould fly1 and a gut casting line1 if it's no use to your honor4 ,,the ,,flies to suit the ,bann are as follows3-- ,no4 #a4 ,body claret pig hair1 ribbed with gold tinsel1 orange tag1 a topping1 and a little wood-duck for tail2 a dark claret hackle rolled up to the shoulder1 and a blue jay above it2 mallard wings1 mixed with bustard--the dark small spotted bustard feather is best for this river1 the light coloured for ,scotland and ,wales--golden pheasant tail and neck1 peacock wing1 wood-duck feelers of blue and yellow macaw1 and a black head4 ,hook ,no4 #h or #i4 ,this is a great favourite4 ,no4 #b4 ,scarlet body1 scarlet hackle1 and mallard wing1 gold over body1 topping for tail1 and one in the centre of the wings1 jay at the shoulder1 and a black head4 ,hook ,no4 #h4 ,large for the ,spring1 and ,b1 ,,bb for ,june and ,july4 ,no4 #c4 ,fiery brown body1 brown-red hackle1 gold tinsel1 mallard wings with a little wood-duck and golden pheasant neck feather mixed with it1 macaw feelers1 and a small topping for tail mixed with wood-duck4 ,hook ,,bb or ,g4 ,grouse hackle round the shoulder1 and a black head4 ,no4 #d4 ,body yellow pig hair1 half way up from the tail1 the remainder wine purple or dark blue1 a purple hackle over it1 and a claret one at the shoulder2 blue head picked out the colour of the sky2 two toppings in the centre of wings of mallard and brown turkey mixed1 and macaw feeler4 ,hook ,no4 #i4 ,silver tinsel over the body4 ,no4 #e4 ,orange body1 broad gold tinsel1 dark brown-red hackle over it2 strips of wood-duck and neck feather for tail2 strips of spotted ,argus pheasant2 a dark full mallard wing with two neck feathers in the centre1 and a black head4 ,hook ,no4 #i1 ,,bb1 or #h4 ,large for high water or deep places4 ,no4 #f4 ,a puce body1 ribbed with silver tinsel and gold twist1 topping in the tail mixed with wood-duck fibres2 puce hackle struck full up to the head1 blue jay here1 and kingfisher each side of the wings1 which are of a very nice mixture of ,argus pheasant small spotted feather1 peacock wings1 mallard1 teal1 guinea hen1 kite tail1 pheasant tail1 blue and orange macaw1 scarlet macaw1 green parrot tails1 ,ibis1 and silver pheasant tail 7the hen72 feelers of macaw1 a topping over all1 with the crest feather of the ,hymalean pheasant1 and a bronze head4 ,hook1 ,nos4 #i and #h4 ,these1 with the eleven flies in the ,plates1 and ,no4 #ab1 early in the ,spring1 with the five ,shannon flies1 are all first-rate killers1 indeed1 the fourteen painted flies are all capital ones for this river4 ,,the ,,trout ,,flies are generally the same as those in the catalogue of flies for the season4 ,in the spring they run rather large1 but in the summer months they are used very small4 ,olive flies of various hues are very much used1 and a fly with a green body and the feather off the root of the landrail's wing2 another with orange body1 black-red hackle1 and woodcock wings4 ,hooks ,no4 #h1 in spring1 ,nos4 #aj and #ab1 in summer4 ,the various browns are capital in the early season1 and the green olive1 sooty olive1 hare's ear and olive1 brown and olive flies made full in the wings1 and to be longer than the body4 ,there are no hackles used in the spring1 till a little further on in the season1 then hackle flies are used2 the wren tails of different sorts are very much prized1 and the light red-brown grouse hackle1 and yellow body2 a blue body fly1 black hackle1 and wings of the starling2 a gosling green olive fly1 with mallard wings1 mixed with landrail1 and a hook ,no4 #h or #aj2 a fly with a yellow body of silk1 red hackle dyed yellow1 starling wing mixed with mallard1 and a little partridge tail2 the golden wren is good2 a very small black gnat is good2 and the never-failing blue blow4 ,the body of this little fly1 as used on the ,bann1 is mole's fur mixed with golden olive1 picked out at the shoulder1 and a black bird's wing1 to be fished with on warm sultry days4 ,these flies are killers1 and the trout are fond of them1 which will be found excellent and plentiful at ,portna4 ,on the shores of ,lough ,neagh1 towards the ,bridge of ,toome1 where the river issues out of the lake1 there is good angling in the ,drake season in ,june4 ,there is a small inn at ,toome ,bridge1 where the angler can procure a boat4 ,it is but four miles north of ,randalstown1 on the ,belfast and ,ballymena ,railway4 ,i have spent many a day on these waters1 when a young man4 ,from ,shane's ,castle1 the ,earl ,o',neil's1 to the bridge1 and from the town of ,antrim to ,shane's ,castle1 there are large trout taken with the fly2 at the end of ,may1 and throughout ,june1 the whole surface of the lake along the shore is covered with the natural fly4 ,the ,drake1 in the ,plate1 would be a good one made on a large size hook1 to throw amongst them4 ,earl ,o',neil grants permission to gentlemen to fly-fish in the demesne of ,shane's ,castle1 by sending a note from the inn at ,randalstown1 to the ,steward4 ,there are numerous rivers running into ,lough ,neagh1 from five different counties1 which it borders4 ,the ,bann rises in the ,mourne ,mountains1 in the ,county of ,down1 and passing through the ,lough1 issues out of it at the ,bridge of ,toome1 forming a stupendous body of fresh water4 ,the ,lough is twenty-three miles long1 and twelve in width4 ,to get at the various small trout rivers running into all these great lakes in the north of ,ireland1 ,i would recommend1 to gain information of the cross-roads1 ,leigh's ,road ,book of ,ireland and ,dublin ,railway ,guide4 ,the angler will now take his departure from the north and proceed to ,dublin1 via ,belfast and ,draugheda1 at this place he comes to the river ,boyne1 where he may spend a few pleasant days at ,old ,bridge1 a place about three miles up the river at the weirs4 ,there is good ,salmon fishing at this place when the tide is out1 and on the flow of the tide he will take capital ,grilse and ,sea-,trout4 ,for the ,boyne1 the best flies are claret1 brown1 olive1 green1 orange1 and black1 with brown mallard wings1 and turkey tail feathers4 ,plain ones in general are best4 ,,lakes ,,of ,,westmeath4 ,after leaving ,draugheda1 the angler will reach ,dublin by rail in a very short time1 where he will take his place in the railway carriage for ,mullingar1 the county town of ,westmeath2 here1 he is in the centre of numerous fine lakes1 well stored with large trout that will take the fly most freely in ,may and ,june2 the whole country round this place is most pleasingly diversified by romantic sites1 gentlemen's mansions1 and extensive lakes4 ,there are two lakes in the neighbourhood1 or environs of ,mullingar1 which are ,lough ,ennel and ,lough ,owel1 to the north of the town2 the first named one is the best for large trout4 ,there are good boats and fishermen to be had here4 ,a little farther northward is ,lough ,iron1 and the river ,jenny1 which takes its course to the ,shannon4 ,the best lake of them all is ,derevaragh1 still further to the north2 the town of ,castlepollard is the best station to stay to fish this fine lake2 the trout run twelve and fourteen pounds in it4 ,lough ,lane and ,dromore are close to the last named lake4 ,the angling in ,may is most excellent1 with the green drake2 it is called the drake season1 and at this period the largest fish are caught2 the green drake which ,i have described1 is the right sort for the lakes1 with large whole upright wings double the ordinary size4 ,the trout flies in general are brown1 green1 grey1 red1 black1 hare's ear and yellow1 hare's ear and brown1 hare's ear and olive1 fiery brown1 claret1 orange1 and yellow flies1 and in rough weather gaudy grilse flies are good4 ,the flexible minnow would be a capital bait1 drawn after the boat1 when the trout are not inclined to take the fly4--,see an angling tour of the lakes by ,jeffery ,green ,drake4 ,there is very good salmon and trout fishing to be had in the ,county ,tipperary1 at the town of ,cahir1 situated on the ,suir2 ,kilcommon ,cottage on the river side1 is a place of great beauty1 and the angler may amuse himself in the demesne of ,lord ,cahir1 which contains #efj acres2 this place and ,clonmel may be reached by railway from ,dublin1 and on arriving at ,kilkenny there is very good fishing in the river ,barrow at the town1 on the road to ,cahir4 ,there is a small river called ,killmacow1 two miles above ,waterford1 running into the ,suir1 in which there is beautiful trout fishing1 in the ,spring and ,june4 ,there are some nice streams in ,wexford1 for salmon and trout fishing4 ,the ,slaney1 at ,scarrawalsh ,bridge1 near the ,barony ,forth1 is capital for sea trout1 in ,august and the early ,spring2 there is good trout fishing the higher you proceed up this fine river4 ,in ,lord ,courtown's demesne1 beyond ,tara ,hill1 there is good grilse and sea trout fishing1 the river runs through the town of ,ballycannew1 a few miles above ,gorey2 ,lord ,courtown's is not far from ,gorey1 who will allow any gentleman to angle with the fly in his charming demesne4 ,they say that his lordship can contrive to fish these fish into the kettle alive out of the river1 part of which runs under the mansion2 ,i cannot tell how true this may be1 the river runs close to the house1 in which there are plenty of salmon and trout4 ,the flies used here are rather gaudy1 sea trout size2 and the list of flies for the season will answer admirably for trout fishing4 ,from the above place the angler may conveniently visit the rivers in the ,county ,wicklow1 which are all trout streams1 arriving at ,arklow1 on the river ,ovoca4 ,there is a very nice river,d running along the southern side of the ,wicklow ,mountains1 passing by a place called ,little ,aghrim1 from whence to the wooden bridge1 three miles from ,arklow1 there is excellent trout fishing in ,march1 ,april1 and ,may2 it passes through a long lough or piece of deep water1 out of which the trout issue in the spring into the river2 there is no obstruction on its banks from the ,wooden ,bridge ,inn up to ,aghrim4 ,there is a bridge crosses the river three miles up from the ,wooden ,bridge1 where the angler may fish up to ,aghrim or down to the ,meetings4 ,the ,wooden ,bridge is called the ,lower ,meetings of the ,waters1--this is the most beautiful place of any in the neighbourhood of the ,vale of ,ovoca1 as you can see fine vales from the mount behind the ,inn2 although from the grounds of ,howard ,castle1 where the little and great ,avon meet1 the views are sublime1--this is ,moore's ,sweet ,vale of ,ovoca1 where the bright waters meet4 ,from the town of ,rathdrum to the ,meetings there is good fly fishing in the spring2 through the vale there is no angling in the river1 in consequence of the copper mine water running into it from the hills on each side1 ,cronebane1 and ,balymurtagh4 ,there is very little fishing in the river ,dargle1 as the stream is so small1 but the scenery is magnificent1 particularly in the vicinity of ,powers ,court ,waterfall1 it is about two miles and a half from the village of ,powers ,court4 ,the best way to go from ,dublin to fish the rivers ,avon and ,derry1 would be through ,bray and ,rathdrum2 begin here to fish the ,avon1 to the ,bridge at ,howard ,castle2 and from the ,wooden ,bridge angle up the ,derry to ,aghrim1 ,i never saw so many small trout in my life as there are in this beautiful stream1 in the spring2 there are numbers of small rivers descending the ,wicklow ,mountains1 towards the east1 south1 and west1 in which the trout run small4 ,we will return to ,dublin and pay a visit to the once celebrated salmon leap1 at ,leixlip1 a few miles west of the ,city--this is a charming place1 where a few days may be spent to advantage2 the groves and rocks1 and the romantic glen are the theme of admiration4 ,and the ,park of ,castletown1 the most beautiful in the ,kingdom2 from the ancient castle at the end of the town there are views of the river and waterfall4 ,the salmon fishing has been spoiled here by the sewers of the ,city running into the ,liffey4 ,at ,new ,bridge1 on the banks of the ,liffey1 the station before you come to ,kildare1 on the ,cork railroad1 close to the celebrated ,curragh of ,kildare1 a race course of #cjjj acres of verdant plain1 there is capital trout fishing in ,april and ,may1 and pretty fair sport may be had throughout the summer2 the flies to suit the river ,liffey are very small1 and those little ones in my list for the season will answer well4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote ,d3 ,the ,river ,derry4 ,,the ,,river ,,lee1 ,,at ,,cork1 ,would be as good a place as any in ,ireland to go to fish1 were it not for the weirs1 and foul play in many ways1 which is practised all the way up1 on the poor salmon2 there is some little sport to be had in it in the spring1 and after heavy rains4 ,the flies to suit it are rather plain and small1 blue1 grey1 brown1 claret1 and green2 mallard wings1 mixed with a little golden pheasant tail and neck feathers2 blue macaw feelers1 black head1 and mixed tails like the wings4 ,hook ,b ,,cc1 in high water ,,bb and ,no4 #i4 ,,salmon ,,rivers ,,of ,,scotland4 ,we will bid adieu to old ,ireland for a season1 and its fair city ,dublin1 with the blue sky over it1 and step into the steam boat at ,kingston for ,holyhead1 seat ourselves in a carriage1 and trundle off to bonny ,scotland--a country of many waters1 stored with fine fish2 we cross the ,tweed1 at ,berwick1 of pastoral fame1 and dash into ,auld ,reekey with flying colours in no time4 ,the beautiful city of ,edinburgh must not be left without viewing it from end to end1 as it is worth while to spend a day or two in it1 if you have not been there1 were it only to inspect its monuments and antiquities1 which are numerous1 in fact1 the city at large is a complete curiosity4 ,from here the angler will be able to take rail for ,perth1 on the banks of the famous river ,tay2 and as the line touches on ,stirling1 should it be convenient1 there might be a day or two spent on the ,forth4 ,there are abundance of trout about four miles up the river1 and some salmon2 small plain flies suit it best4 ,,the ,,river ,,tay4 ,this beautiful salmon river is the principal one in ,perthshire1 in its course it expands into ,loch ,tay1 on leaving which it finds itself a channel and becomes rapid for miles2 it has a long course1 passing the towns of ,dunkeld and ,perth1 and falls into the sea at ,dundee4 ,the river ,erne1 after a long and rapid course falls into the ,tay below ,perth4 ,there is also the ,timel1 at the pass of ,cillecrankey1 on the road to ,inverness from ,dunkeld1 and is fourteen miles from the latter place1 there is a small inn close to the river1 in which there is good trout fishing2 the coach from ,perth stops here to change horses and breakfast2 it is a fine rushing stream4 ,and also the ,keith1 at ,blair ,dummond1 where there is a very high waterfall1 the sound of which can be heard at some distance2 it falls into the ,tay4 ,there is excellent angling for salmon and sea trout in the river ,tay1 five or six miles above ,perth1 in ,september and ,october2 the white trout are in abundance in this river in the latter month2 the salmon run very large in this water1 in ,april1 ,may1 and ,june2 and are best taken with large salmon flies of rather a sombre hue4 ,at the town of ,dunkeld there is famous fishing in the ,spring and ,autumn4 ,from ,dundee to ,perth and ,dunkeld1 through the ,carse of ,gowrie1 the ,valley of the ,tay is one of the most beautiful parts of all ,scotland1 in my estimation2 at both sides of the river it is interspersed with excellent gentlemen's seats1 and beautiful grounds4 ,there is a fishery a little above the ,bridge of ,perth1 which is very productive4 ,the flies to suit this fine river are3-- ,no4 #a4 ,brown pig hair bodies1 ribbed with gold1 dark brown-red hackle1 wings light brown spotted turkey tail1 red tag1 and a scarlet joint above it2 the body to be made long and taper4 ,hook ,no4 #h4 ,rather large for the spring4 ,no4 #b4 ,a bronze peacock harl body1 ribbed with gold tinsel1 a brown-red hackle1 and wings of mallard mixed with hen pheasant tail1 the tail of the golden pheasant1 red tail of mohair cut short1 and the body to be thin4 ,no4 #i hook4 ,no4 #c4 ,brown mohair body1 with a long red-brown spotted grouse hackle2 the wings a mixture of mallard1 brown turkey1 and a little hen pheasant tail4 ,hook ,no4 #h or #i4 ,no4 #d4 ,a puce mohair body ribbed with silver1 purple hackle over it1 yellow tail of small topping1 and a yellow hackle round the shoulder2 wings of golden pheasant tail1 with a little spotted bustard1 a topping over all1 and a black head4 ,hook ,no4 #h or #i4 7,a piece of wood-duck each side47 ,no4 #e4 ,an orange body ribbed with black silk and gold tinsel1 topping in the tail1 and a black-red hackle over it1 7a hackle with the black streak running all the way through it72 scarlet tag and tail2 wings light brown turkey tail1 rather lighter at the tips1 a few fibres of wood-duck each side1 the same quantity of bustard1 and a bronze head4 ,hook ,no4 #i1 or for high water1 ,no4 #g4 ,this fly will be found an excellent killer in the ,tay1 or any other river in ,scotland4 ,these1 with the twelve painted and engraved flies1 no man can desire better4 ,nos4 #c1 #d1 #e1 and #aa1 will be found excellent in low water1 and ,nos4 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 and #aj1 in high water4 ,,the ,,sea-,,trout ,,flies are orange bodies1 mixed wings1 jay at shoulder1 silver tinsel1 and a small topping for tail4 ,hook fff or ,c1 say ,no4 #f1 ,kendal4 ,blue body1 black hackle ribbed with silver1 and mallard wings4 ,hook ,,cc4 ,green body1 black hackle1 gold twist1 and dark brown turkey wings4 ,light brown body1 red hackle1 gold twist1 two fibres of red ,ibis for tail1 and glede wings4 ,hook ,no4 #f or #g4 ,in low water they take them rather small1 with the tinsel1 of course4 ,hare's ear body1 ribbed with silver twist1 a greyish dark hackle1 the colour of the dark fur on the ear1 mallard wings1 and tail of the same4 ,make another fly mixed with orange and yellow mohair4 ,a black fly ribbed with silver tinsel1 black wing with white tips1 black hackle1 and a yellow head and tail4 ,hook ,c4 ,it would be as well to try very small gaudy flies occasionally1 as you may rise a grilse during the time you are fishing for white-trout4 ,a grilse loves to rise at a middling gaudy fly after leaving the sea4 ,blue1 green1 and red flies are all good4 ,i will give three more favorites that will not miss3-- ,no4 #a4 ,body brown claret colour1 mixed with the fur of hare's ear1 ribbed with silver twist1 a short black hackle1 wings rather light brown mallard1 and a black head4 ,hook1 ,green ,drake size1 or ,no4 #f4 ,no4 #b4 ,a black body1 tipped with orange silk1 ribbed with silver twist1 a black hackle1 and dark brown turkey tail wings4 ,hook ,no4 #f or ,c1 varied with blue body and black-red hackle4 ,no4 #c4 ,a blue dun body1 a dun hackle ribbed with silver twist1 tail two fibres of mallard1 and grey mallard for wings4 ,hook ,c1 or ,no4 #f4 ,a fly with an olive body1 and one with yellow and mallard wings1 are good4 ,these flies will be found great killers where the fish are plentiful1 with a good ripple on the water1 and would do admirably on the ,dee and ,don1 at ,aberdeen4 ,,the ,,dee ,,and ,,don4 ,these rivers run into the sea at ,aberdeen1 and are excellent for ,salmon and ,trout fishing--the ,dee for ,salmon1 and the ,don more for ,trout1 which are most delicious for the table2 they cut as pink as ,salmon4 ,the white-trout fishing is good here in ,october1 and the flies ,i have just given for the ,tay will kill admirably in these rivers2 and for salmon1 will be capital ones1 made a size or two larger4 ,when ,i visited that country a few years back1 ,i walked up the ,dee one evening1 and at a shallow ford1 above the bridge1 there were two men stroke-hauling the salmon as they run up out of the pool below1 and which they called their rented fishery2 they rushed into the stream with a sort of net in their hands1 and had them out in quick time4 ,as the fish run1 the water did not appear to cover their backs4 ,i was told1 were it not for this practice1 the river would be swarming4 ,,the ,,river ,,spey4 ,this splendid ,salmon river runs through ,elginshire1 and a nobler one there is not to be found for fishing with the salmon fly1 particularly in high water1 and in the large pools when the water is low4 ,in summer there is little sport to be had1 except in these pools1 with a good ripple1 and towards the sea1 from the bridge at ,fochabers1 a capital station1 with an excellent inn4 ,early in the morning and late in the evening1 are the best times in the heat of summer4 ,i had a fly sent me some years past1 by ,mc,pherson ,grant1 about the size of ,c or drake size1 with which he killed a salmon1 twenty pounds weight1 in the ,spey4 ,the body of the fly was made of yellow silk1 red cock's hackle1 toucan tail ribbed with gold1 jay at the shoulder1 a neat gaudily mixed wing1 feelers of blue and yellow macaw1 and a small black head4 ,it was one of my flies1 which1 if made on large size hooks1 will kill anywhere4 ,the above little fly is just the sort for low water1 and should be adopted1 made very small1 in the summer months4 ,the salmon should be thrown for with this sort of fly1 in rapid currents rushing into deep holes1 where the fish lie4 ,the winged larva would do well in such places for grilse and sea-trout4 ,in the spring1 flies the size of ,no4 #ab1 are used1 with long thin silk bodies of orange1 yellow1 red1 and green colours1 red hackles1 jay and mixed wings1 with red feathers prevailing in them1 and black heads1 ribbed with gold and silver tinsel4 ,the fifteen painted ,salmon ,flies will be found great killers in this river1 varied in size according to the state of the water4 ,there is a river which runs past the town of ,banff1 the ,keith1 in which there is good angling a few miles up from the broad part of the water4 ,guinea hen and jay hackles kill here1 with grouse and brown body1 mallard wings mixed with turkey tail1 and small size hooks1 say ,,cc or ,b4 ,,the ,,findhorn is another fine ,salmon river after heavy rains1 which swell it to a prodigious size1 as shown by its channel in low water1 high ridges of sand and gravel being thrown up on each side of its banks at every flat running ford in its course to the sea4 ,the flies to suit it are3-- ,no4 #a4 ,brown body1 gold tinsel1 wings copper-coloured mallard1 and a brown grouse hackle4 ,hook ,no4 #h1 and ,,bb4 ,no4 #b4 ,body brown floss silk1 ribbed with silver1 large motley brown cock's tail feather over the body1 and a spotted turkey tail for wings4 ,no4 #i hook4 ,no4 #c4 ,body1 puce floss silk ribbed with silver1 black-red hackle1 a mixed wing of glede1 turkey tail1 and mallard1 with a topping over all1 and a dark claret or purple hackle4 ,hook ,no4 #i4 ,no4 #d4 ,light puce body with a hackle of the same colour1 topping for tail1 and a gaudily mixed wing1 7not too much so7 broad silver4 ,no4 #h hook4 ,no4 #e4 ,yellow body1 puce hackle1 mixed wings1 rib of silver1 and tail a topping4 ,hook ,no4 #i4 ,these1 with the painted ones1 will do the work to a nicety in this dashing river4 ,the ,river ,nairne1 in these quarters1 is not a bad one for grilse and salmon fishing in ,september2 the town of ,nairne1 is the most convenient station1 beginning a few miles up1 and proceeding higher2 the small salmon flies that ,i have given for the ,spey will suit this river well4 ,,rivers ,,and ,,lakes ,,adjacent ,,to ,,fort ,,william1 ,,on ,,the ,,caledonian ,,canal4 ,these wild and majestic scenes in the heart of the ,highlands of ,scotland are without doubt splendid1 either to look upon or for the purpose of salmon and trout fishing1 the recollections of such to the intelligent and contemplative mind of the gentle angler who has visited this region1 must be lasting and agreeable4 ,e,the sail down the ,clyde from ,glasgow1 passing ,dumbarton ,castle 7on a rock in the water to the right71 to ,greenock1 is most enchanting2 opposite this fine town the angler will observe a grand expanse of deep and blue salt water1 bordered in the distance with mountains dark and high1 filling the imagination with awe1 while pacing the decks of the frail but well appointed little steam boat ,helen ,mc,gregor in the gloom1 as she creaks away through briny silvered waves of lakes1 estuaries1 and straits1 to ,caledonia's noblest work--the ,great ,canal4 ,rounding a rough northern head land1 where seven currents meet1 of seas1 sounds1 and straits1 ,crenan in the wake1 compassing the shore in ,jura ,sound1 the little ,helen struggling with the swelling tide1 appeared to be standing still though at full speed2 ,loch ,etive1 on the starboard--into whose bosom1 ,awe's serpentine waters steal at solitary ,bunaw2 ,lismore in the distance1 ,mull in our wake1 due ,west--the rapid subsiding--through it the fair one tripped gallantly4 ,in these meetings of the waters1 what oceans of salmon sported and played at large in their blue and fresh element1 far from the wily bars6 ,the ,heroine seemed at once to be stepping up hills from lock to lock1 till she levelled the base of ,ben ,nevis2 close to which mighty mountain1 the fair one squatted for the night4 ,glad enough were her living freight to get on firm footing1 and wend their way across a mossy plain1 without a rolling stone1 to a little house under a hill1 that kept beds well aired1 and usquebaugh1 for travellers4 ,at the dawn of morning1 through the haze1 could be descried1 ,fair ,helen1 smoking--her steam was up--sitting1 sidey for sidey1 by the lofty ,ben1 the sight of which1 to look up at1 was staggering4 ,he had yet his nightcap on of hazy grey1 but enough of the giant hill could be denoted that his base on that side was hewn away1 facilitating the great track4 ,this morning1 away went the fair one1 rattling like sticks a breaking4 ,hurrah for ,fort ,william--a voice1 and the ,camerons of ,lochiel1--here we are at ,crystal ,laggan1 ,lochiel1 and ,lochey's excellent waters for the ,salmon ,trout--7,i will give the flies to suit them a little further on74 ,fair ,helen began her movements slowly for some time1 creeping through locks1 o'er hills1 in basins--,macomer on the starboard1--,lochiel1 farewell6--now skimming into saltless ,lochey's 7famed for its ancient mountain clans7 soft and balmy waters2 through the lake she dashed1 breast high--a strait ahead--steaming by ,balalister at seven knots by the log1 soundings the deep nine1 ,fair ,helen entered the gorge1 and now rushing down an inclined plain1 to the fear of the timid1 and delight of the stouthearted1 double quick did run the fair one1 making up for lost time experienced in the meeting of the waters--through lock gates1 up hills1 c41 now through an embankment1 nearing ,fort ,augustus1 and the head of ,lochness1 down she settled between two stupendous lock gates4 ,what aw-fu' gates6 ,what work bestowed on them--what an enormous depth are they--the wet and muddy sides of which beat chilly4 ,down1 down below1 went the fair one1 till she levelled the golden waters of--,o1 that lovely lake1--into which she slipped like a fairy elf4 ,after her cold incarceration1 ,helen the ,fair tripped merrily down the centre of the fathomless ,lochness1 the sun breaking1 beamed out upon us cheeringly after the chill and hazy morning4 ,like looking-glass did that sun-lit lake appear1 stretching away before us1 losing itself in the distance1 bordered by hills and mountains on either side1 till on the larboard was seen ,morrison's lonely glen and meandering stream4 ,we neared the bay1 sounded whistle1 and lowered steam4 ,a few minutes more1 and off went the ,helen ,mc,gregor1 making head like a waddling duck through the valley of golden,f waters4 ,hush6 ,the mountain sylph is heard in the cabin4 ,hush6 by the powers1 it's ,phillips1 warbling the incantation of the wizard of the glen4 ,farewell to the mountain1 ,and sun-lighted vale4 ,o1 shade of ,wilson6 the soul of ,scottish song4 ,angler1 may you rest in peace4 ,on the starboard was observed the ,falls of ,fyres1 descending1 perpendicularly1 over a craggy precipice--most curious4 ,bonny ,helen slid smoothly along1 till1 at the heel of the evening1 we entered the last embankment of ,caledonia's ,grand ,canal1 just where the beautiful river ,ness issues out of that lake1 opening into a lovely and fertile valley1 in the centre of which is a boat upset1 an antiquity1 covered with motley trees4 ,a few minutes more and we were safely landed at the quay of the fair and sweet metropolis of the ancient ,highlands1 ,inverness1 seated on a hill above the river4 ,o1 ,i sigh for the days that will never return6 ,high and airy rock1 ,i split upon you twice1 steering northwise fra' bonny ,dundee1 through the ,carse o' ,gowrie1 by ,laburnam1 to famed ,dunkeld1 on ,tay's noble waters2 ,blair ,athol and ,fore's ,macbeth crossed the source of ,spay1 through a waste and dreary plain1 with villages far apart1 where ran those weirdy thinly kilted lads to see the four-in-hand2 up hill1 down dale1 and heathered moor we steered1 till at length we galloped towards the glooming1 by the graves of dark ,culloden's blood-stained field--nearing the city1 on went the drag1 and over a well macadamised road1 knapped by the hardy highland wight1 we hurried into ,inverness4 ,alas6 this bronchial asthma1 that shuts me from that fishing4 ,fond memory brings the light of other days around me4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote ,e3 ,the ,author's trip4 ,footnote ,f3 ,there is a kind of slimy weed1 of a yellow colour1 that is produced at the bottom of the lake1 which causes that appearance1 and is injurious to fly fishing in the river4 ,,salmon ,,flies ,,for ,,fort ,,william1 c4 c4 ,the flies to suit the various waters surrounding ,fort ,william are generally of a medium size and middling gaudy4 ,the engraved ones in my list1 for ,salmon in general1 from ,no4 #b to #aa1 will kill well4 ,the list for the season for ,trout4 ,no4 #a4 ,light blue body1 rib of silver1 guinea hen hackle1 blue jay1 topping in tail2 wings1 teal1 mallard1 guinea hen rump feather1 peacock wing feather1 and blue and yellow feelers of macaw4 ,no4 #i hook1 or ,,bb4 ,no4 #b4 ,a small size fly like the above1 varied with black floss body4 ,a good sort for the ,lochy4 ,hook ,c or ,,cc4 ,no4 #c4 ,a fly like the first1 varied in the body thus3 yellow tag1 silver tints1 and a small topping for tail2 a blue mohair joint1 then a red one1 another blue joint1 then an orange one under the fly at the shoulder1 and a blue head4 ,hook ,no4 #i or ,,bb2 a ,c for lake ,trout4 ,no4 #d4 ,a claret fly1 with wings and tail like the first one1 varied with yellow-brown body and hackle1 and ribbed with gold4 ,,bb hook1 and ,,cc for lake ,trout1 with a bronze head4 ,no4 #e4 ,a fly with grass-green floss silk1 ribbed with gold1 black-red hackle1 and blue head2 the wings and tail like the first4 ,vary the body with different greens4 ,hooks from ,,cc up to ,no4 #i4 ,no4 #f4 ,a black body1 with black legs1 silver tinsel and cock of the north rump feathers for the wings2 some call it the copperkeilsey4 ,hook ,c1 ,,cc and ,b4 ,this is the celebrated ,kenloch of ,kenloch4 ,,salmon ,,flies ,,for ,,the ,,ness4 ,no4 #a4 ,body half black and yellow1 a jay and purple hackle ribbed with silver1 orange head1 mallard1 peacock wing and jungle cock wings4 ,hook ,,bb4 ,no4 #b4 ,body black hair1 orange tag1 ribbed with gold and silver1 black hackle1 jay at the shoulder1 wings mixed1 of guinea hen1 teal1 two small tipped feathers1 and two toppings over all a little longer1 tail a small topping1 and a bronze head4 ,hook ,b or ,,bb4 ,this will be found a great killer in the ,ness and ,beauley1 a beautiful stream at the head of the ,murray ,firth4 ,no4 #c4 ,body yellow-brown pig hair1 ribbed with gold1 small1 topping for tail1 red cock's hackle and blue jay1 wings of golden pheasant tail1 mixed with mallard1 neck feather1 teal1 and guinea hen1 green parrot and macaw feelers1 and a black head4 ,hook ,no4 #i or ,b2 for low water1 ,c4 ,this is a capital fly for either the ,ness or ,beauley4 ,these1 with the painted flies1 made small1 will suit well4 ,there is a kind of yellowish slimy weed on the bottom of the ,ness which proceeds from ,loch ,ness1 that is injurious to the propagation of the salmon of late years1 and it affects the fly fishing considerably1 to the great disappointment and vexation of the good anglers of the north4 ,,the ,,river ,,shin4 ,classic ,shin1 on whose heath-clad banks and flowing waters the great and good fly fishers roam1 who never saw ,kelt of ,baggit there--the haunt of monarchs of the sea1 and shepherd swains that watch ,his flocks1 and feed ,his ,dams--the theme of poetess1 and the learned4 ,o1 ,ephemera1 how beautifully written is that ,book of the ,salmon2 how exquisitely delineated that ,ova2 how admirably that golden fish1 which bounds up falls and cataracts in that purling meandering stream2 how charming to gaze upon that lovely ,goddess of the ,brooks--the famed ,ondine--how rightly represented4 ,oh6 excellent ,ephemera--my good and constant friend--the great and good ,will ,blacker's tears 7,i blush7 descend like rain through these sky lights1 and damp the very sheets my palsied pen doth blot4 ,alas6 well-a-day-that noble salmon fishing--what sport6 ,these lean and bellows'd sides are winded--this flattened chest1 once full1 now dented--these calves1 once plump1 now thin and gone--these shins1 once clad1 are now protruding4 ,the puss more chronic heaves1 yes1 ,i still can fish6 ,these cheeks1 how pale 7their bones can't grind71 once rosy1 the pride of more than ,reva's lovely blooming rose1 my blessed bosom friend1 my wife1 whose lamp is trimmed4 ,o1 ,ephemera6 friend1 when shall we meet1 with rod in hand1 on pure and crystal ,shin8-- ,when summer comes1 ,the heather bells entice1 ,our feet to roam4 ,the mournful dove1 ,within the dale invites1 ,to peace and love4 ,o1 summer's glorious sun6 ,i await thee1 to tan this shrivelled1 shorn hide4 ,o6 come1 and regenerate this sapless tree with heavenly warmth4 ,my heart's in the ,highlands1 ,my heart is not here2 ,my heart's in the ,highlands1 ,chasing the deer1 ,chasing the wild deer1 ,and following the roe1 ,my heart's in the ,highlands1 ,wherever ,i go4 ,i cannot add a fly to the list for the ,shin in the ,book of the ,salmon1 by ,ephemera1 except that ,i submit to the notice of the great salmon fishers of ,shin those model flies in my list for trial1 which1 no doubt1 will kill4 ,i never fished the ,shin1 although ,i have been twice near it4 ,mr4 ,young1 of ,invershin1 the renter of the river1 will show gentlemen angling there every possible facility1 civility1 and politeness4 ,the ,queen's ,gap1 in the cruives1 is lifted on sabbath days4 ,,the ,,river ,,thurso4 ,the ,thurso1 famed for its fresh run salmon throughout the year1 is the most northern river in ,scotland4 ,the town of ,thurso1 in ,caithness-shire1 is the best station1 and the route1 from ,aberdeen to ,wick4 ,the salmon flies for ,thurso are rather of a plain and sombre cast1 varying in size through the fishing months4 ,the river is remarkably high and full in the spring1 in consequence of the melting of the snow and ice1 and at that period requires large flies1 like ,no4 #ab2 further on in the season they are much smaller in size1 like ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c1 to ,no4 #aa1 which are capital ones for it1 and the other engravings are likewise good in low water for the fresh run grilse4 ,throughout the summer months the following are also good for this river3-- ,no4 #a4 ,body black floss silk1 orange tag1 tip of gold1 small topping for tail1 black-red hackle1 mallard wings mixed with peacock wing1 a topping over all1 and a black head4 ,hook ,,bb1 ,b4 ,no4 #b4 ,body claret silk1 claret hackle1 ribbed with gold1 a short topping tail1 with silver tip1 mallard wings mixed with tipped feathers1 macaw feelers1 and a black head4 ,hook ,no4 #i1 or ,b4 ,this is an admirable fly for lake trout1 on ,c hook4 ,no4 #c4 ,body yellow-brown mohair1 red hackle1 a short topping for tail1 ribbed with gold1 claret hackle round the shoulder1 and mixed wings rather grey1 and inclined to be gaudy4 ,no4 #i hook1 or ,,bb4 ,c1 for lake trout4 ,no4 #d4 ,a black fly1 with yellow head1 tail of mohair1 black hackle1 ribbed with broad silver1 wings black turkey tail with white tip1 varied with brown turkey tail4 ,a fly of each is useful4 ,hook ,no4 #h or #i4 ,no4 #e4 ,a green fly1 both body and hackle1 mixed wings rather gaudy1 ribbed with gold1 orange head1 topping in tail1 varied with a black-red hackle1 and light green silk body ribbed with gold twist4 ,hook ,b or ,,bb4 ,no4 #f4 ,a dark brown fly1 brown red hackle and body1 ribbed with gold twist1 and glede wings1 varied with brown spotted turkey tail feather or mallard1 one of each4 ,hook ,no4 #h or #i1 ,b for low water4 ,there is a good deal of guinea hen and teal feathers used in the flies of these northern rivers1 which appears to be an improvement1 with jungle-cock and wood-duck4 ,there is a river issues out of ,loch ,naver1 a short way from the source of the ,thurso1 which falls into the sea in the same direction west of the town of ,thurso2 it has a winding course1 and would be a very good river for salmon were it well preserved4 ,there are numerous rivers running into the firths on the east side of ,sutherland1 which produce salmon and fine trout that run up from the sea3--the ,wick and ,helmsdale in ,caithness1 the ,brora near ,golspie1 the ,dornoch into which the river ,shin flows1 ,drummond and ,loch ,clash1 ,dingwall river and lake1 and the river ,beauley at the head of the ,murray ,firth4 ,lord ,lovat is the owner of this river1 and he is very willing to grant permission to gentlemen to fish on sending in their cards4 ,,the ,,river ,,esk4 ,the ,north and ,south ,esk are rivers of ,forfar1 falling into the sea near ,montrose4 ,the ,north ,esk is the best of the two1 and affords excellent angling for salmon and sea-trout in ,august and ,september4 ,these rivers may be visited by rail from ,aberdeen or ,dundee1 at the present day4 ,i have been told by a gentleman residing at ,forfar1 that the ,north ,esk was sometimes swarming with salmon and grilse to an incredible extent4 ,the wealthy proprietor of the river will give instant permission to gentlemen to fly fish1 information of which he can obtain at the town of ,montrose1 on the ,great ,northern ,railroad4 ,the flies to suit these rivers are small and plain4 ,a small claret fly with mallard wings2 a fly with brown body and a furnace hackle1 mallard wings mixed with blue peacock neck feather1 strips of mallard in tail1 and gold4 ,hook ,c or ,,cc4 ,an orange body fly of floss silk1 a black hackle1 gold1 the wings mixed of light and dark mallard1 the light feathers are found under the wings of the wild drake on the body1 the brown copper-coloured ones on its back growing down from the roots of the wings1 7use floss silk for the bodies74 ,a black fly1 with silver and black hackle1 and teal wings mixed with blue peacock neck4 ,hook ,c or ,,cc4 ,,loch ,,leven4 ,the trout fly fisher staying at ,stirling1 or its neighbourhood1 on the ,great ,northern1 will find himself agreeably situated in the centre of many beautiful streams1 to which he may have easy access4 ,at the town of ,kinross1 by the head of ,loch ,leven1 is a nice station for the lake1 and at the village of ,largo1 to fish the river ,leven1 below which place it enters the sea at the mouth of the ,firth of ,forth4 ,a short distance from ,largo1 near the ,promontory1 is the town of ,anstruther1 famous for a monument to the memory of ,maggy ,lauder4 ,i had the pleasure of once seeing it4 ,on the ,edinburgh and ,northern line from ,stirling1 is the town of ,kettle1 on the ,river ,eden1 a good station4 ,there are grilse and sea-trout run up it out of the bay of ,st4 ,andrew's1 in the spring and autumn4 ,try about the town of ,cupar1 and near its source1 at ,auchtermuchty4 ,the flies to suit it are1 hare's ears1 black hackles1 red hackles1 and furnace flies1 varied in size4 ,,the ,,river ,,allan4 ,this is a good stream for trout fishing2 it enters the ,forth below ,stirling1 just above the town of ,aloa4 ,it has an extraordinary winding course1 flowing through a picturesque country1 and famed in poetic lore as ,allan's winding stream4 ,on the banks of ,allan water1 ,when the sweet spring time did fall1 ,lived the miller's lovely daughter1 ,the fairest of them all4 ,for his bride a soldier sought her1 ,and a winning tongue had he2 ,on the banks of ,allan's water1 ,there was none so gay as she4 ,sea-trout and grilse run up the ,allan in spring and autumn1 which afford good sport4 ,the small trout flies in my list suit this river capitally4 ,a few miles above ,stirling there is good fishing up to ,loch ,katrine1 commencing below the town of ,dumblane1 on the ,scottish ,central ,line1 and fish up to ,callander1 on the east of ,ben ,lomond4 ,dumblane is famed as the birth place of ,charming ,jessie1 in ,burns' poetic muse-- ,the sun had gan' doun ,o'er the lofty ,ben ,lomond1 ,and left the red clouds ,to preside o'er the scene1 ,when lanely ,i stray'd in ,the calm summer gla'ming1 ,to muse on sweet ,jessie1 ,the flower of ,dumblane4 ,there is another stream that runs down from ,aberfildy to ,stirling1 in which there is excellent trout fishing4 ,it has a winding course1 falling over rocks1 rushing through gorges1 down precipices in its way1 where it forms deep holes for itself1 which in the summer are the haunts of large and fine trout4 ,the flies to suit it are1 small dark hare's ears1 small black hackles1 red and black ants1 browns1 small duns1 and hare's ear and yellow1 the blue blow1 the brown midge1 and in the spring1 the ,march brown1 and stone fly1 for large fish4 ,there is a very nice stream running out of ,loch ,lomond into the river ,clyde1 at the town of ,dumbarton1 in which there are sea-trout in the spring and autumn4 ,they take very small dun flies1 silver greys and black midges1 the dark hare's ear1 and red hackle4 ,the picturesque ,loch ,lomond affords good trout fishing along its gravelly shores1 and near the islands4 ,there are two flies that kill well in it1 which are as follows3 ,black body and hackle1 tip of silver1 wings of the short bronze feathers of the back of the peacock4 ,no4 #f hook1 or fff4 ,the other one is1 red body1 red hackle1 and a wing like the first1 both tailed with two fibres of the feather of the wings4 ,i received these two flies from a gentleman1 one time when ,i was at ,glasgow1 who confirmed them as out-and-outers4 ,there are fish called ,pullen1 very numerous in ,loch ,lomond1 the shape and size of herrings1 which are also numerous in ,loch ,neagh1 in the north of ,ireland4 ,they sell in ,belfast as fresh water herrings4 ,when a young man1 ,i denominated ,belfast my favorite home1 among my dear friends of the rod and gun4 ,newry1 in the ,county of ,down1 was the home of my ancestors4 ,my first crying was behind ,cronebaun hills1 in the ,county of ,wicklow1 near the ,ovoca1 famed for sweetness and poetic muse of ,erin's humble bard1 ,tom ,moore4 ,looking over the ,wicklow sands1 where many a poor fisherman foundered1 in the village,g of ,red ,cross1 was the first sight my mama got of me2 like a cloistered nun1 ,i was covered in a veil1 which1 they say1 would always keep me from the briny depths4 ,many crosses have ,i had since ,january #adth1 #ahad1 the hard winter which corresponds with that of last year4 ,mature years of experience make wise men4 ,forty and one summers having rolled over my head1 the dishevelled ringlets of which are now sprinkled with honorable grey--bashful man1 hide your blushes--my ruddy tint flies when ,i tell you1 my dear anglers1 that my sincere desire is to love every good man1 as ,god has taught me4 ,there is no one ,i despise1 disposed at all times to revere superiors1 condescend to those who perchance may be my inferiors1 continent to kind friends1 and forgiving to enemies1 if any4 ,unless we profit by charity1 all other profit seems void4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote ,g3 ,the mansion is roofless1 says ,rory ,o',more4 ,,loch ,,awe ,,and ,,river4 ,this celebrated lake1 on the western side of ,scotland1 may be conveniently reached from ,glasgow4 ,there are steam boats sail two or three times a week up ,loch ,fine to ,inverary1 where there can be every information gained respecting conveyances to the inn at ,loch ,awe1 where boats and men are to be had4 ,it is a long and narrow lake in places1 and in summer most cheering and pleasant to the fly fishers resorting there4 ,good angling may be found in the river running by ,glenorchy into the lake1 where it again issues out of it1 and is called the ,river ,awe4 ,it runs with a full and rapid stream1 has but a short course1 falling into the salt water lake1 or estuary1 called ,etive1 opposite the island of ,mull4 ,there could be no better river or lake in the kingdom for salmon1 were it not for the cruives1 that1 of course1 weed them all away1 the proprietor of which is most obliging to grant permission to gentlemen anglers who visit it4 ,the purity of these waters facilitates the propagation of the salmon wonderfully1 were they allowed ingress and egress4 ,when the fishing laws are altered1 and a reformation made1 there will be grand fly fishing1 as good as can be found in ,norway4 ,in the neighbourhood of good salmon and trout fishing rivers1 the people1 whom the anglers employ1 are very much benefited1 and particularly innkeepers1 on their banks1 and in towns where there is not much traffic4 ,the angler's heart is in fishing wherever he goes4 ,the salmon and trout flies to suit ,loch ,awe and river 7my memoranda are generally correct74 ,no4 #a4 ,an original and most killing fly for salmon3--,body black ostrich harl1 ribbed with gold1 a tag of yellow mohair at the tail1 tail a very short topping1 a rich black-red hackle rolled over the black sparingly1 and a mallard wing1 made to stand well up and apart4 ,hook ,,bb1 or ,no4 #i4 ,c for lake trout4 ,no4 #b4 ,a brown body1 black hackle ribbed with gold1 and grouse wings4 ,hook ,,cc4 ,no4 #c4 ,bronze peacock body1 ribbed with gold twist1 black-red cock's hackle1 and dark brown grouse rump feather mixed with turkey tail for wings4 ,hook ,,bb4 ,c for trout in the lake4 ,no4 #d4 ,a cinnamon fly1 with glede wings mixed with jungle cock1 and ribbed with gold4 ,b hook4 ,no4 #i for the river4 ,no4 #e4 ,a black body1 silver tinsel1 black hackle1 full teal wings1 yellow head1 and tail4 ,hook ,b4 ,no4 #f4 ,a dark green fly ribbed with gold1 silver pheasant tail mixed with mallard for wings1 a small topping in tail1 and orange head4 ,hook ,,bb1 or ,c4 ,a blue fly with teal wings and blue hackle ribbed with silver1 topping in the tail1 and red head of mohair1 hook ,b1 or ,,bb2 and a fly with peacock harl body1 black hackle1 hen pheasant tail wings mixed1 and the tail of the cock bird4 ,hook ,b1 or ,c for trout4 ,the large trout flies in my list for the season are excellent ones for the lake1 and ,nos4 #c1 #d1 #e1 and #aa1 for salmon4 ,there is good salmon fishing to be had in ,islay1 south of ,mull4 ,the steam boat from ,glasgow calls there twice a week4 ,mr4 ,campbell1 the laird1 resides in the island1 who gives permission1 unhesitatingly1 to gentlemen making application to him4 ,the river is at the landing place of the steamer2 the salmon1 which are numerous in it1 take small gaudy flies--blue body and hackle1 brown1 claret1 red1 black1 and green flies4 ,there is also salmon fishing to be had in ,jura ,isle1 a little to the north of ,islay4 ,,the ,,rivers ,,irvine1 ,,girvan1 ,,and ,,stincher1 ,,in ,,ayrshire4 ,in this westerly quarter may be found excellent ,salmon and ,trout fishing in the spring and autumn in these beautiful streams1 which can be reached from the city of ,glasgow every day by rail4 ,the ,stincher is the best for salmon1 the flies for which are browns1 blacks1 reds1 and greys1 all plainly dressed ones4 ,i will describe one here1 a great favourite of a gentleman friend of mine1 ,mr4 ,murdoch1--,stephen ,blair1 c4 ,at ,glasgow1 some years ago1 on my stay in that city2 ,i give his name1 as he used to call my flies mest noble flees1 and laughed heartily to see the manoeuvring of the hook in my fingers4 ,the body of ,mr4 ,murdoch's fly was in joints of pig hair picked out1 and at the head a black-red hackle2 first1 there was a tip of gold1 a tag of yellow hair1 then a joint of orange1 a joint of fiery brown1 a joint of claret1 and a joint of black pig hair or mohair1 spaniel hair is best2 the wings a light brown turkey tail feather with white tips1 tied on topping a little longer than the bend of the hook1 a very small topping in the tail4 ,hook ,no4 #h for high water4 ,mr4 ,murdoch was a native of ,ayr1 and a keen fisher1 and used to speak much of his angling in the waters o' ,doon4 ,from ,ayr1 the angler may proceed to the lakes of ,cumberland1 via ,carlisle1 ,keswick1 and ,bowness4 ,,rivers ,,of ,,wales4--,,the ,,conway4 ,there would be excellent salmon fishing in ,wales were the rivers properly preserved4 ,the ,conway 7,north ,wales7 is a beautiful stream1 and it is a great pity it should be neglected2 however1 ,i believe it will be very soon protected from the nets1 c41 as there are a few spirited gentlemen in the neighbourhood of ,llanwrist and ,aberconway1 who will rent and preserve it for fly fishing only1 all the way up from the town of ,conway to ,capel ,curig4 ,the salmon flies in my list1 made on small size hooks1 will suit it well1 varied according to the state of the water2 and my list of trout flies will be found admirable for it4 ,information respecting season tickets1 and rules of the fishing1 may be obtained at the ,inn at ,llanwrist4 ,,the ,,river ,,dovey4 ,the ,dovey is a nice stream1 but runs off very soon1 like all others descending from the mountains4 ,the salmon would be1 nevertheless1 very plentiful in it1 as there are many capital large pools for them to haunt1 if they were allowed to reach them4 ,it is so very much netted at its mouth that it cannot be possible for fly fishing to be good4 ,the neighbourhood of ,machynlleth is the best place to fly fish it4 ,in the spring and autumn the salmon flies in the plates will be found admirable for it1 made on ,,cc hooks1 and ,c for low water4 ,the furnace and black-red hackles are excellent local flies1 made on ,c hooks1 for summer4 ,sewen take small duns1 and the ,cochybonddu4 ,,river ,,tivey4 ,the ,tivey is considered the very best and most prolific river in all ,wales4 ,it has a long and winding course to ,cardigan1 and before it reaches this place1 at ,newcastle ,emlyn1 it is a picture of a river for salmon fishing4 ,lampeter1 higher up1 is a very good station1 near to which place are the ,tivey ,pools1 where the fish lie in low water4 ,my list of both salmon and trout flies would be excellent for the ,tivey1 dressed on small hooks4 ,,the ,,wye1 ,,monmouth4 ,the ,wye1 at the town of ,monmouth1 and up towards ,leominster1 is an excellent river for salmon2 and the ,usk1 in the same quarter1 is also good for salmon and fine trout4 ,the latter river is a very short way from the ,wye1 and may be conveniently reached from ,monmouth to ,abergavenny1 close to which town it passes1 and enters the mouth of the ,severn at ,newport2 the ,wye falls into it higher up1 at ,chepstow4 ,the painted flies in the plates will be just the sort for the ,wye made smaller1 and will suit the ,usk admirably1 dressed smaller still4 ,there is a local fly or two which ,i will give1 viz4--,body yellow mohair bordering on orange1 a red ginger cock's hackle long in the fibre rolled over it1 ribbed with plate gold1 a red tail1 and light brown turkey tail feather with white tips for the wings4 ,hook ,no4 #i4 ,another fly with the same body1 and wings of the bittern's neck1 two feathers should be tied in1 and the whole to stand well up4 ,another fly1 with brown body1 brown hackle1 brown wings1 and tail1 ribbed with gold4 ,the ,dun ,palmer1 in the ,plate ,no4 #g1 and the ,dun ,salmon fly1 ,no4 #f1 made on smaller size hooks1 will be found excellent ones4 ,nos4 #d1 #e1 and #aj1 are also good1 the latter for high water4 ,never were there better flies seen for the ,welsh rivers in general than these1 made to suit the state of the water4 ,,the ,,river ,,severn4 ,the river ,severn has its source in ,montgomeryshire1 takes a long course1 passing the towns of ,welshpool and ,shrewsbury4 ,it is a fine stream1 and there could be no better one were it well preserved4 ,there is excellent greyling fishing below ,shrewsbury1 but little or no salmon fishing4 ,mr4 ,taylor1 in his ,book on ,angling1 who was a native of this place1 says1 that he hooked and killed a greyling in the ,severn1 below ,shrewsbury1 five pounds weight4 ,,the ,,river ,,thame rises in ,wales1 near ,bishop's ,castle1 and joins the ,severn below ,worcester4 ,it produces excellent fish1 particularly trout and greyling4 ,begin to fish at ,ludlow1 and move down the stream4 ,the flies in my list are good for it4 ,,the ,,trent is a good river for greyling fishing1 near the town of ,newark1 on the ,nottingham and ,lincoln ,railroad4 ,the flies to suit it are small blue duns1 cochybonddus1 small black hackles1 orange duns1 red hackles without wings1 wren hackles1 small grouse hackles1 ash duns1 willow flies1 blue blows1 c4 ,the well known ,lakes and ,rivers of ,cumberland are excellent for fly fishing1 particularly ,ulswater for trout1 and the beautiful ,lake ,windermere for a fish called ,char4 ,these delicious fish take a fly like the sea-trout1 which they resemble in shape1 although much darker in colour4 ,a small fly made on ,no4 #h hook1 or ,no4 #f1 with puce body and hackle1 ribbed with silver1 the wings of brown mallard1 and a tail the same feather as the wings2 a fly with an orange body1 black hackle1 and mallard wings2 another with woodcock wings1 orange body1 and furnace red hackle2 a fly with a bronze peacock harl body1 rib of gold1 black hackle1 and jay wings1 varied with light grey mallard for wings2 and my list of trout flies for the season will be found excellent for the trout in the lakes and rivers4 ,bowness1 ,patterdale1 ,poolybridge1 and ,keswick1 are all nice stations1 where men and boats may be had conveniently4 ,,rivers ,,of ,,york ,,and ,,derby4 ,the beautiful streams of these counties are excellent for trout fishing1 and the scenery varied and pleasing throughout4 ,the river ,wharf is a delightful stream in the neighbourhood of ,bolton ,abbey1 a well known place of ,hofland4 ,see his painting of it1 which gives a good idea of the magnificent scene4 ,harrowgate1 and ,harewood ,bridge1 would be very convenient stations for the fly fisher to stay at4 ,the greyling are good here1 and the small duns1 wren1 and grouse hackles1 do well2 the ,dottrille hackle1 and black and red hackle1 with yellow waxed silk bodies1 and starling wing1 are good2 a small fly with peacock body1 black hackle1 and starling wing4 ,no4 #ac hook1 or #ab4 ,these flies may be seen in my list4 ,they will also kill well at ,driffield4 ,,the ,,hodder4 ,whitewell is a favourite spot for anglers to meet during the ,may fly season1 it is beautifully situated for scenery and sport2 my list of flies will be found excellent killers in this stream for both trout and greyling2 there is a comfortable inn here4 ,,rivers ,,of ,,derby4 ,derbyshire is watered by many delightful streams1 which abound with trout and greyling1 the owners of which allow the angler to fish without the least hesitation on making application and sending in his card4 ,the ,river ,dove1 at ,dove ,dale1 is as charming a place for a few days fly fishing as any in the ,county1 and is famed for the pleasing recollections of the early days of ,walton and ,cotton's rambles on its banks4 ,there is an inn at the entrance of the ,dale1 and ,mapleton and ,ashbourne convenient stations4 ,the flies to suit the ,dove are1 small duns of various sorts1 greys1 and browns1 as described in my list for the season1 there cannot be better flies for it if made to answer the state of the water4 ,the beautiful river ,wye1 at the town of ,bakewell1 is a capital stream for the fly1 and many a good angler makes his appearance here in the drake season2 the winged larva and ,may fly in the engraving would do well on windy days1 when the natural ,may fly did not show itself in great numbers2 my list for the season will be found excellent ones for the ,wye4 ,the ,derwent is also another nice fly-fishing stream for trout and fine greyling2 the best places to proceed to fish would be ,baslow and ,rowsley ,bridge1 my list of flies will suit it well4 ,,the ,,rivers ,,wandle ,,and ,,coln4 ,these rivers are convenient to ,london1 and are famous for fly fishing3 they are in general private property1 but the owners are very civil in granting one or two days' angling on application and sending your card4 ,there are two or three places on the ,wandle that may be angled in at will1 about the neighbourhood of ,carshalton1 and ,ackbridge2 and on the ,coln1 at ,watford and ,rickmansworth4 ,the flies to suit the ,wandle are generally well known1 which are--the ,carshalton cocktail1 dark hare's ear1 blue and pale duns1 little peacock fly1 furnace fly1 small soldier fly1 and little black red palmers1 the little brown midge and the ,march brown made very small1 small black gnat1 and red ant1 these flies may be seen in my list for the season1 they cannot fail to afford diversion4 ,the flies to suit the river ,coln1 are--the brown ,caperer1 large cinnamon fly1 brown-red palmer1 and ,orl fly with a dun hackle and yellow body1 the stone fly1 ,march brown1 brown grouse hackle1 wren-tail fly1 large red ant1 black gnat1 and dun drake1 a red hackle fly made full with the red and grey tail feather of the partridge mixed1 bronze peacock harl body4 ,hook ,no4 #h4 ,the ,great ,whirling ,dun1 ,red ,spinner1 the ,coachman1 and the ,large ,governor flies will be found with those good for the evening1 with a nice ripple on the water4 ,the river ,itchen1 at ,itchen ,abbas1 ,hants1 is a very nice stream for fly fishing1 and the ,avon at ,salisbury ,plain1 the ,kennet1 at ,hungerford1 ,berks1 is also good1 and the river ,mole at ,leatherhead1 ,surrey1 is a beautiful stream for fly fishing1 in the vicinity of ,randal's ,park4 ,it has been preserved in the park for years1 and abounds with large trout4 ,whitchurch and ,stockbridge are also good places for the fly1 in ,hampshire2 and the famed ,lea at ,ware1 the resort of many a good ,london angler2 the river ,stour is another fine trout stream1 it receives the rivers of ,wilts in its course1 waters ,hampshire1 and falls into the sea at ,christchurch4 ,my list of flies will kill here4 ,there are many very beautiful rivers in ,devonshire for trout fishing1 which are1 the ,ex at ,exeter and ,tiverton1 the ,ax at ,axminster1 and the ,tamar which separates ,cornwall and ,devon1 a very considerable river1 in which there are salmon and fine white trout in the spring of the year1 ,march and ,april4 ,launceston would be the most convenient station for the tourist angler to fish this fine river4 ,the salmon in it take small flies1 with claret and dark brown bodies1 ribbed with gold1 mallard wings mixed with a little tipped feather1 and tails of the same2 at high water they rise and take more gaudily dressed ones1 made on ,b and ,,bb hooks4 ,i sent the colours to a gentleman to suit this river some time ago1 who told me it would be an excellent one for salmon1 were it well taken care of4 ,he made his own flies4 ,i have also sent fishing colours1 hackles1 and flies1 to suit every river1 or nearly so1 in ,great ,britain1 to gentlemen residing on their banks1 which has been a great advantage to me in obtaining the knowledge of the local flies1 but in general my flies have succeeded best in the hands of those ,fly fishers who have made it their study and practice4 ,it will be seen that ,i have not withheld the local flies for each river from accompanying my own1 and those great anglers who visit ,norway will find the ,salmon flies in the plates most killing1 and it will be a great advantage to them to have this book in their possession1 to give them a knowledge of fishing colours1 and the various modes of dressing both salmon and trout flies1 the delineation of which they will see ,i have given to a nicety1 having studied from my youth1 and learned from my own observation4 ,i have been all my life too fond of fishing1 which has been sometimes to my disadvantage1 but ,i loved the scenes of woods1 green hills1 of singing birds1 meadows1 and fresh air1 rushing rivers1 and above all1 to look at the beautiful fish jumping to catch the fly on the surface of the water4 ,illustration3 ,plate of ,minnow tackle1 c4 ,,bait ,,fishing4 ,,the ,,river ,,thames4 ,after jumping over old tower'd ,thames on our way to the south1 we now return to him to wind up this little chapter on rivers2 there cannot be a better river for the purposes of trolling1 spinning1 or bait fishing in general1 than the ,thames1 there is not a town on its banks from ,richmond to ,oxford1 that does not afford capital angling with the bait1 and in many places large trout may be caught with the fly in the evening1 these large trout are very delicious and grow fat on the quantities of minnows and gudgeons which they prey upon1 and of which there are an inexhaustible supply4 ,i have taken a few of them with large size blood red flies1 brown flies1 and large palmers of the like colours4 ,the flies ,nos4 #d1 #e1 and #g1 in the plates1 are just the sort made a size or two smaller2 ,hampton ,court1 ,sunbury1 ,weybridge1 and ,pentonhook1 are likely places to rise a fish about seven in the evening1 and early in the morning from six to eight4 ,a light general rod with spare tops for fly fishing1 about sixteen or seventeen feet long1 with reel1 and line of sixty yards1 would be about the sort ,i would recommend1 made of good hickory1 or split cane2 this sort of rod would suit any purpose1 either for trolling1 spinning1 or for barbel fishing with the lob worm1 c4 ,mr4 ,stoddart in his ,work on ,angling speaks very highly of worm and bait fishing in general4 ,and ,mr4 ,salter's ,book1 is a very good authority for trolling and spinning4 ,the greater part of the fishermen and punt men on the ,thames are capital hands at using the trolling and spinning tackle1 so that the young angler who desires to become expert at this sort of fishing1 can easily gain instruction from these civil men2 they are also good barbel and trout fishers with the lob worm4 ,there are many good trout caught by spinning1 and when bait fishing with the lob worm for barbel in places where they would rise and take the fly were they let alone1 this is the cause of their being so scarce1 as trout from half-a-pound and upwards will take the worm4 ,the ,thames produces many kinds of fish--trout1 perch1 barbel1 pike1 roach1 dace1 carp1 chub1 gudgeons1 minnows1 eels1 c4 ,as all these fish take the bait in general1 ,i will here give the proper sorts for each1 with the tackle to suit the purpose1 and will show the angler which to use to his best advantage in every river he fishes in4 ,,perch4 ,the ,perch is a very handsome fish1 and is best taken with the worm or live minnow1 the larger size ones take the latter bait well and the smaller ones take the brandling and red worms best1 using a ,no4 #g or #h hook1 and put on two worms at a time2 use a small cork float1 and as many shot on the line as will keep the bait steady about a foot from the bottom2 use fine tackle in clear deep water1 and keep as much out of their view as possible2 the ,paternoster is an excellent tackle for taking them1 baited with live minnows in rapid waters near the sides of weirs1 roving with a small live minnow1 having a shot on the line of fine gut to keep it in mid water4 ,if you know there are pike in the place1 use fine gymp instead of gut1 as these fish are taken in the same manner4 ,,barbel4 ,the ,barbel are strong fish1 and require strong tackle to catch them1 a ,no4 #d or #e hook tied on stout single gut1 and have a small bullet with a hole through it on your line1 and a shot about a foot from the hook to be stationary1 to prevent the bullet from running down on the bait2 when you have a bite he draws the line through the bullet gently at first let him do so for a little1 and then strike not too hard4 ,the best bait for him is the lob worm well scoured4 ,illustration3 ,plate of ,pike tackle1 c4 ,i consider this a famous plan for catching salmon1 when they will not rise at the fly1 in deep running streams4 ,if you can find out where there is one lying drop it into the water above him and let it fall towards his nose1 and he will be almost sure to take it4 ,in low water you can throw the lob worm1 if well scoured1 on a gut casting line1 like the fly1 on a ,no4 #f hook2 moving up the river1 throwing it in before you1 and allowing it to fall gently with the current till you feel a bite1 raising your hand after allowing time1 the same as if it had taken the fly2 you may wade up the river at convenient places with your boots1 try ,cording's waterproofs1 in the ,strand4 ,there is good trout fishing after rains1 with the running line1 with shot attached2 use gut hooks ,no4 #g or #h1 and let the bait run with the stream gently1 keeping the line taut1 and when it stops rise your hand a little to free it1 allowing it to move on again1 and when you feel a bite wait a little till he takes it1 and then strike gently1 if a small fish pull him out1 if a large one play him4 ,the best places to throw in are at the sides of streams1 in the smooth parts1 in eddies1 and where the current of the pool is breaking off at the foot into another stream1 and when the flood is subsiding after rain1 are the best times1 using brandling worms and small lob worms4 ,this was my favourite way of catching trout when a boy4 ,,pike4 ,the ,pike is a rough customer 7if large7 to come across1 and the tackle which is required to catch him is as rough and as terrible as himself2 he will take almost anything that is thrown to him if moved in the water he haunts4 ,roving with the minnow using a float1 is1 ,i think1 the nicest way of fishing for him in deep places1 but he is oftener taken by spinning1 or trolling the gorge bait1 tackle which is well known to every angler4 ,the pike take the larger double hook gaudy fly1 in deep running places1 beyond the weeds1 when there is a stiff breeze blowing and small close rain falling1 and at no other time will he look at a fly2 it is useless to try unless in a rapid stream1 which is an unusual place for him to haunt in general4 ,autumn is the best time for these fish4 ,when you prepare the trolling bait for jack or pike1 have a needle to draw the gymp through the bait1 say a minnow1 gudgeon1 or dace1 putting it in at the mouth of the fish and out near the root of the tail2 sew up the mouth of the bait1 and tie the tail part to the end of the hooks1 which has been often explained before4 ,throw it in sideways into deep places1 letting it sink a foot or two1 and draw it in pretty quick towards you1 and when the fish makes a run to take it1 give him a little time2 when your line begins to shiver and shake and he moves off1 raise your hand and anchor the hook in him2 if he is a small one whip him out of the water with your stiff and patent line at your feet1 if a large one play him as you would a salmon1 keep his head well up and draw him through the weeds if any and gaff him quickly4 ,the best rods to use for trolling are made of the toughest hickory1 as the cane often gives way with a large fish2 upright rings1 and prepared silk and hair line1 with reel to suit the rod1 forty yards1 if the place you angle in is not very broad1 will be sufficient2 and when fishing in a boat with a salmon rod1 if there is a chance of pike fishing in lakes when the salmon will not take the fly1 using the short top would be found stiff enough1 that is1 when you have not a trolling rod with you in the boat4 ,the large flexible minnow would be a capital bait for jack in lakes or deep rivers2 and the glass minnow is also good4 ,these fish rush at very bright imitations of the natural fish bait best1 and a good size white trout would be a valuable little fish to throw for him--a large size dace is also good4 ,these baits could be preserved in whiskey for weeks4 ,they preserve fry and sprats in ,scotland in this way for salmon or pike fishing4 ,the old fishermen in the north say that sprats are the fry of the herring4 ,i am persuaded that they would be excellent bait for salmon1 preserved so as to keep their brilliancy4 ,the ,paternoster ,tackle cannot fail to suit the purpose of those who prefer angling in a punt for jack at the sides of large streams near the bank where there are alders or willows growing1 overhanging the water1 with a gravelly bottom4 ,nice plump bright minnows are the best1 or large size gudgeons2 the hooks ,no4 #d or #e1 mounted on gymp4 ,note4--,the best trolling rods1 spinning1 and bait rods1 with trolling tackle of the strongest sort2 minnow tackle1 gut hooks1 gymp hooks1 treble and double hooks1 gorge and snap hooks1 and every sort of the best hooks and tackle to suit trolling1 spinning1 and bait fishing1 to be had at my shop1 #ed1 ,dean ,street1 ,soho1 ,london4 ,try my spinning trace1 half twisted and half single salmon gut1 mounted with swivels and large shot1 for large trout or salmon4 ,,roach4 ,the ,roach is a handsome fish1 and when taken of the size of half a pound or a pound1 are not such bad eating as is said of them4 ,they are very bony1 it is true1 but particularly wholesome4 ,these fish do not thrive so well in ponds where they are exceedingly numerous1 but in deep running rivers1 with sandy and gravelly bottoms4 ,they excel in both flavour and size4 ,let the place to angle for them be about four or five feet deep1 plumb the depth1 and allow your bait to be very near the bottom4 ,the baits are paste1 or gentles4 ,when you begin1 throw into the place you angle in some ground bait1 to bring them together2 keep your eye to the float1 which should be a quill one1 and the gut line with as many shot attached to it as will carry the float about a quarter the length of it out of the water1 and strike smartly1 but gently when you see it move downwards4 ,they bite best in mild dark days4 ,work the paste between the hands 7bread without wet71 and when rather tough1 mix a little vermilion with it1 they like this best4 ,let the shot be about half a foot or so from the hook1 which should be a ,no4 #aj or #ab1 and where there are large ones1 ,no4 #h1 tied on gut4 ,when ,i was a little boy this sort of angling used to be my favourite amusement1 with the running bait for trout after a flood4 ,,dace4 ,the ,dace is a lively brisk little fish1 and affords much amusement in catching him1 particularly with very small flies1 which he will rise at from ,may to ,october4 ,they like the rapid streams1 along the sides of them1 and in the middle1 they may be seen in shoals4 ,the vicinity of ,richmond is a very good place to go for a day's ,dace fishing with the fly4 ,they haunt the same places as the ,roach1 are taken with the same baits1 and angled for near the bottom4 ,hooks ,no4 #ab or #ac4 ,,carp4 ,it is a very difficult matter to catch ,carp with the bait1 as they are most cunning fish to detect at once the deception1 and swim away on the least sight of the rod or the shadow of the fisherman4 ,the ,carp haunt the deep parts of gently running streams1 and those caught in rivers are the best2 those that are very numerous in ponds are lean and soft in the flesh1 and rather insipid4 ,the best plan to angle for them would be with a very fine gut line1 a ,no4 #i hook1 baited with a couple of small red worms or two gentles1 thrown into the water where they are1 very cautiously1 and keep well out of sight4 ,let the bait sink a short way from the surface1 and draw it gently towards you1 using at the same time a very long rod1 rather stiff4 ,strike immediately they take the bait1 gently1 and play them as you would a trout on the fly4 ,,chub4 ,the ,chub is rather a handsome fish when in season1 and those caught with the artificial fly in many parts of the ,thames1 are very brilliant and pretty to look at2 but1 unfortunately1 they are full of very small bones1 when cooked the roe is wholesome4 ,they haunt the deepest pools and rivers under shaded banks overhung with trees1 the sides of weirs1 and in ponds where a small spring runs in and out of them1 with rather a rocky or gravelly bottom4 ,autumn is the best season for them1 although ,i have caught them with the fly in the ,thames in summer in good perfection1 when fishing for trout4 ,the way to angle for them would be to use a quill float1 with a ,no4 #h hook1 or larger1 a gut line1 and some shot about ten inches from the bait to sink the float1 bait the hook with bread paste made red1 and made tough in clean hands1 put on a piece of it the size of a nut1 throw in gently1 and keep out of sight4 ,good cheese1 well worked to make it tough1 is also good4 ,they will take gentles turned inside out on the hook one over the other1 and when you have a bite strike rather quickly4 ,they will also take grasshoppers1 blue bottles1 cadbait1 and cockchafers2 and with red or yellow flies1 and black and brown palmers in the ordinary way of fishing for trout4 ,,gudgeons ,,and ,,minnows4 ,these are very beautiful little fish1 and most wholesome food2 they are the best bait for perch1 jack1 and large trout1 that can be1 as ,i mentioned before4 ,the way to angle for them is to have a couple of very small hooks tied on hair or fine gut1 with a shot or two to carry the float off the bottom1 say a small quill float1 bait your hook with a very small red worm1 or a piece of a brandling worm2 they may be seen very numerous in the ,thames1 along the sides of streams1 and in smooth running water with gravelly bottom2 they afford nice amusement to the young angler1 and when taken out of the water are remarkably handsome to look at4 ,,baits4 ,to scour worms3--put them in clean damp moss1 changing it in two or three days1 place them between two layers of it1 and choose those that are free from knots4 ,the lob worms are found in gardens2 brandlings and red worms are scoured with the lob worm in the same pot covered at top2 those found in old tan yards are the best1 and may be used without scouring4 ,when you use the worms1 dip them in cream1 which will refresh their colour4 ,the cadis worm or cad bait is excellent for trout fishing1 placed on the hook double1 and cast gently with the wind into the stream1 or dropped into the water beneath bushes that grow on the banks of pools where large fish lie1 and are the most likely places4 ,in rivers clearing off after floods in the summer they do well1 and are also good for perch in deep running water4 ,these cad worms produce many of the flies for the season after remaining during the cold weather at the bottom rolling about1 and when the spring and summer appear they change into these beautiful insects2 before the change takes place1 during the winter1 they form themselves a cover to protect them from the inroads of their enemies4 ,their instinct,h prompts them to incase themselves like a snail in a piece of hollow reed1 open at each end1 and covered with small gravel and little shells1 which they attach with a kind of glutinous substance to resist the force of the water2 they creep on the bottom with six legs1 and having their little house on their backs draw into it at pleasure1 and settle amongst the stones like a piece of rotten branch or stick4 ,the ,trout and other fish feed upon them in the winter1 when the winged insects are nowhere to be seen4 ,illustration3 ,paternoster and ,barbel tackle ,showery windy days are generally best for fly fishing1 blowing from the south1 south-west1 west1 and north2 there are but few fish take in east winds4 ,when the wind blows warm in the beginning of the season it is good for bait fishing1 and in autumn mild days are best4 ,in days when there is no likelihood of constant rain after clear nights1 and a nice grey cloud covers the sky1 with a good cool breeze blowing to ripple the water1 this is the time to rise the large trout1 and which afford the best sport4 ,full nature swarms with one wondrous mass ,of animals1 or atoms organized1 ,waiting the vital breath1 when parent heaven ,shall bid ,his spirit blow4 ,,thomson4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote ,h3 ,given them by the ,great ,author of nature4 ,,the ,,art ,,of ,,dyeing ,,fishing ,,colours1 ,,which ,,are ,,pig',s ,,hair1 ,,mohair1 ,,fur1 ,,hackles1 ,,commonly ,,called ,,dubbing4 ,the great advantage the fly fisher must derive from a knowledge of dyeing his colours and hackles is obvious4 ,it affords amusement to the enthusiastic fisher to be acquainted with the various shades required for making his flies to suit the rivers1 and the flies become valuable when made of good colours and hackles4 ,every hackle and colour that is used for making a salmon fly must be of the richest dye imaginable1 that they may show brilliant and good to the fish's eye at the bottom of the water1 and entice them to rise and take it at the top4 ,the hackles must be taken from old cocks1 both the neck and saddle ones1 as they hold the dye best4 ,wool is not good for the fly1 as it soaks the water1 and is dull and heavy4 ,pig hair1 that next the skin1 with the stiff and coarse bristles picked and cleared away1 and mohair1 which is ,spanish goat hair1 a most beautiful brilliant substance for fly making when dyed well2 white seal's fur1 and furs of different kinds of a white colour4 ,white hackles are best for yellows1 oranges1 gold colours1 blues1 greens1 c42 red hackles do best to dye claret1 red1 or fiery browns1 olives1 and cinnamon browns1 c41 and black hackles for sooty olives1 and tawny colours4 ,when the angler sees a white old cock he should buy him to procure his hackles1 or a black cock1 a grey cock1 and old red cocks of every hue1 all of which are good for dyeing4 ,these also must be washed in soap and hot water before being dyed1 and the flue stripped off1 tied in bunches 7see the bunch of white hackles in the ,plate of ,feathers1 ready for the dye7 of proper sizes1 and when about to be put into the dye-pot1 wet them and the hair in hot water4 ,provide a small crucible or earthen pot1 glazed inside1 with an earthen handle1 to hold a quart of soft water1 and before you put in your hackles or hair1 wash them well1 as ,i said before1 in soap and hot water4 ,the five principal colours to work upon are blue1 red1 yellow1 brown1 and black4 ,from the combination of two or more of these may be produced every shade required1 from the lightest to the darkest1 so that it only requires some practice1 to know the different ingredients to use1 to become a ,dyer of ,fishing ,colours4 ,,to ,,dye ,,yellow4 ,i will begin with yellow1 the most useful colour in general for the gentle craft4 ,put your crucible on a slow fire nearly full of water1 or say half full1 for the first trial4 ,take a tea cup1 and into it put a table-spoonful of the best turmeric1 pour over it some warm water1 and stir it well with a clean piece of fire wood2 when the water begins to simmer in the pot1 put in the ingredient out of the cup1 and stir it well with a piece of stick2 have a second crucible1 about half full of soft water1 and boil it1 into this put two table-spoonfuls of ground alum and one tea-spoonful of crystal of tartar1 while these are boiling and perfectly dissolved1 put into it your hackles or hair1 and boil gently for an hour or half an hour2 take off your pots and enter the hackles into the yellow dye out of the liquor into which you put the alum and tartar1 and boil them very slowly for an hour1 taking them out at intervals to see the shade you require2 if too pale you must put more turmeric in1 and if too heavy in shade the next trial1 put in less1 and do the same with all colours till you please your own eye4 ,when they are the proper colour1 take them out and wash them in soap and hot water4 ,draw them evenly through your fingers in the bunch1 and let them dry1 as this keeps them in shape4 ,there are three or four ways to dye yellow by changing the stuff4 ,fill your pots nearly full of soft water1 and put into one the tartar and alum1 and into the other two or three handfuls of yellow wood1 which must be boiled slowly for three or four hours2 when it is well boiled1 strain off the liquor from the wood into a basin1 and throw the wood away2 put the dyeing liquor into the pot again1 and when boiling take out the hackles from the mordant of tartar and alum and put them into the yellow dye1 let them boil gently for some time till the yellow colour has entered the hackles or hair1 then take them out and wash them in soap and water1 straighten them between the fingers1 and let them dry2 take them in the right hand and strike them on the fore-finger of the left till they are quite dry4 ,by boiling two handfuls of fustic and a table-spoonful of turmeric together1 and repeating the above process1 there will be produced a golden yellow1 which is very good for fly making4 ,there must not be too much alum used1 neither must the ingredients be boiled too long4 ,persian berries1 bruised and boiled slowly1 with a spoonful of turmeric1 produces a good yellow2 and an ingredient called weld1 boiled as before1 and adding the alum1 is a good dye for yellow1--indeed1 the weld is the best dye1 if care is taken with it4 ,,to ,,dye ,,brown4 ,put into your dye pot about two handfuls of walnut rinds1 or as much as it will hold nicely to boil2 simmer this slowly over the fire for three or four hours1 and add a little water to it as it boils away4 ,when all the juice of the dye is taken out of the rinds1 strain the liquor off1 put it into the basin1 and throw away the rinds2 you take two handfuls more and boil them in the same way1 and add the stuff together in the pot2 the rinds being thrown away1 put your hackles1 c41 previously washed1 into the dye1 and simmer them on the fire for four or five hours1 till you have the proper colour struck on the hackles4 ,the alum and tartar need not be added to this dye4 ,take out the feathers and wash them well2 the walnut roots cut small1 dye in the same way4 ,,to ,,dye ,a ,,yellow ,,brown4 ,the ,saunders' ,wood1 brought from the ,indies1 and sold in powder or ground mixed with sumach is good1 it takes long to boil1 adding the alum4 ,a ,cinnamon ,brown or ,fiery ,brown may be struck on the hackles or colours 7pig hair or mohair7 by first dyeing them yellow1 the same as explained in the yellow dye2 put the hackles1 previously dyed yellow1 into the liquor of walnut rinds1 and simmer them over the fire slowly for three or four hours1 and leave them in all night1 if a dark fiery brown is required2 the less of the rinds produce cinnamon or yellow brown1 the roots and rinds of the walnut are the best for the various shades2 the rind of the alder dyed with alum and tartar is also good4 ,,to ,,dye ,,blue4 ,fill your crucible three parts full of soft water1 and put it on a slow fire1 at the same time put in your blue ingredients1 previously prepared1 7this is done by dissolving the powdered blue in oil of vitriol and water in a stopper bottle for twenty-four hours74 ,if there is a very light shade of blue required1 put in a couple of table-spoonfuls of the blue ingredient1 and add to it as the shade may be varied at will according to the quantity of the stuff2 boil the hackles in tartar and alum1 say a table-spoonful of each1 or rather less of the tartar1 simmer it on the fire for two or three hours according to the process mentioned before2 and when the proper colour is produced take out the hackles1 hair1 or fur1 and wash them well in soap and hot water4 ,there is a paste blue prepared at the dry-salters all ready for the dye pot1 take a table-spoonful of it and stir it well up in your pot nearly full of soft water1 and boil it gently for about an hour 7or less71 then put in your hackles or hair1 previously washed and wet going in1 boil for two hours very slowly and wash off the dye2 any shade of blue may be had in a very short time by this process2 there are two or three dry-salters in ,long ,acre where this paste blue is sold1 and any of the other ingredients may be purchased at their shops1 or at chymists4 ,,to ,,dye ,,red4 ,prepare your dye pot by nearly filling it with soft water2 and keep it at a scalding heat when the dye stuff is put in1 as it must not boil1 if it is allowed to boil it becomes dull in colour2 put into the dye pot a handful of finest grape madder1 and simmer it slowly over the fire1 stir well1 and prepare the hackles or hair in the alum and red tartar liquor2 after having boiled an hour slowly1 take out a bunch and look at them between your eyes and the sun or light to see how they take the dye1 if too pale there must be more madder added1 and allow them to remain in the dye all night1 simmer them slowly1 next day take them out1 rinse and wash them well1 and allow them to dry in the air2 mix a table-spoonful of cochineal with the madder4 ,,to ,,dye ,,orange4 ,when orange is desired take a handful of best madder and mix it with a spoonful of cochineal1 boil it for an hour or two1 add too a little ground red wood which requires more boiling than the madder itself2 dye your hackles or stuff yellow first1 and dip them into the red dye a short time1 take them out and look at the shade you have2 if too light allow them to remain in longer1 and you will have darker shades of colour1 put a little red tartar and ground alum into the dye to assist the red wood to strike on the materials1 take them out and wash them in soap and hot water1 and afterwards rinse them in urine which gives a lustre and softness to the stuff4 ,,to ,,dye ,,purple ,,or ,,violet4 ,first dye the hackles or stuffs blue1 and lay them to dry2 then1 fill the dye-pot more than half with soft water1 and in the other pot prepare the tartar and alum1 dip your hackles into this for a little while1 and lay them on the table till you prepare the red dye2 bruise a couple of table-spoonfuls of cochineal1 and put them into the pot of hot soft water1 boil for an hour1 and put in the blue hackles1 and allow them to simmer over the fire very slowly to keep them from burning2 when you have the proper shade1 take them out and wash them well4 ,,to ,,dye ,,crimson4 ,boil your hackles or hair in a tea-spoonful of alum1 and nearly as much pure tartar1 for an hour2 bruise two table-spoonfuls of cochineal1 and boil them in your clean water2 take out the hackles from the alum-water1 and put them into the cochineal liquor1 and boil for two or three hours slowly or less1 according to the shade you require2 then take out the feathers and wash them well1 and you will have the color desired4 ,,to ,,dye ,,scarlet4 ,boil your hackles1 c41 in a little crystal of tartar2 procure two table-spoonfuls of cochineal1 bruise them a little1 and boil them gently over the fire for an hour or two2 take the hackles you have just boiled in the tartar1 and put them into the dye-pot1 and simmer them slowly for some time1 say half an hour2 then take your spirits of grain1,i and put into the dye-pot a tea-spoonful or a little more2 take them out occasionally1 and look at them between your eyes and the light1 and when the right shade is obtained1 rinse them and dry4 ,if you are in a hurry for scarlet1 you may drop the particles of block-tin into aqua-fortis till they are dissolved1 and add a little to the scarlet dye2 the other is best1 as it gives a more brilliant shade2--boil slow4 ,if the extract of bismuth is added to the red liquor of the cochineal in a small quantity1 it will change it to a purple or violet colour4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote ,i3 ,spirits of grain for scarlet1--a quarter pint of spirits of nitre1 a quarter of an ounce of ammoniac1 add half water in a bottle1 and drop into it half an ounce of block-tin in grains till dissolved4 ,,crimson ,,red ,,in ,,grain4 ,boil your hackles or hair in a quarter of an ounce of alum1 and the same quantity of pure tartar1 an hour gently2 wash them out of this1 fill your dye-pot with clean water1 or as much as will conveniently boil2 put in an ounce of well-powdered dye stuff they call grain1 with one drachm of red arsenic1 and one spoonful of burnt wine lees1 this gives a lustre2 wash and rinse well after boiling a short time1 and the colour is good4 ,,to ,,dye ,,green ,,drake1 ,,feathers ,,and ,,fur4 ,boil your hackles1 mohair1 or fur1 in alum and tartar1 a quarter of an ounce of each2 rinse them well1 and put them into the dye-pot1 with an ounce of savory1 and as much green-wood as the pot will contain2 7it is best to boil off the savory and green-wood first1 throw away the wood1 and boil the feathers in the liquor27 boil gently1 and look at the feathers occasionally to see if they are the right shade1 these give the natural shades of yellow green4 ,the quantity of tartar and alum1 and of dye-stuff is given in this dye2 and the preceding which will show what must be used in all shades of colour1 according to the quality or your own taste4 ,,to ,,dye ,,claret4 ,boil two handfuls of red-wood1 or ground ,brazil-wood1 for an hour1 with a handful of log-wood2 then take a table-spoonful of oil of vitriol1 and put it into half a tea cup of cold water2 and when the dye-pot is a little cold1 add it to the liquor1 stir it1 and put it on with the hackles or hair1 and boil it gently for two hours2 take out your material1 and put it into cold water2 add to the dye it comes out of a little copperas1 and a small quantity of pearlashes1 about the size of a nut of copperas1 and a quarter that size of the ashes2 put in your hackles or material again1 and when the proper shade is obtained1 rinse and wash well1 and finish in urine1 which brightens them1 and your colour is good4 ,,another ,,way ,,to ,,dye ,,claret4 ,take a handful of nut galls and bruise them1 put them into the crucible and boil them half an hour1 add to the dye a table-spoonful of oil of vitriol in half a cup of water1 put in the hackles and boil two hours2 then add to the liquor a little pearl ashes1 and a piece of copperas the size of a nut1 boil gently for two hours or as long as required to suit the taste of the dyer1 rinse and wash them well1 the ashes need not be used in this dye1 but if used a very small quantity will suffice4 ,another way3--boil red wood powdered for two hours 7two handfuls71 and then put the hackles in1 boil an hour longer1 let the liquor cool1 and put into a tea cup half full of water nearly a table-spoonful of aqua-fortis and pour it into the dye1 stir well occasionally and keep the hackles down1 boil for two hours more and rinse off1 finish in a little urine4 ,if a very dark claret is required lay them in to boil for a day and night with a scalding heat4 ,,to ,,dye ,,black4 ,boil two good handfuls of log-wood with a little sumach and elder bark for an hour1 put in the stuff or hackles 7boil very gently71 bruise a piece of copperas about the size of two ,spanish nuts1 put it in with a little argil and soda2 take out the hackles and hold them in the open air a little1 then put them in again and leave them all night gently heated1 wash the dye well out of them and your black will be fine4 ,the argil and soda soften the dye stuff of the copperas1 but a small quantity must be put in4 ,,to ,,dye ,,greens ,,of ,,various ,,shades4 ,the greatest nicety of all is in finding the exact quantity of ingredients to put in1 so as to prevent the dye stuff from injuring the fibres of the hackles1 c42 for the light shades add the smallest quantity1 and augment it by degrees4 ,dye the hackles a very light shade of blue first1 in prepared indigo1,j as ,i said before1 take a spoonful and put it into the dye pot and boil it softly for half an hour4 ,add a very small quantity of alum and tartar to the dye1 put in your hackles1 and boil for a short time2 add to the dye a table-spoonful of the best turmeric1 savoy1 or green wood1 a little of each would do best1 boil slowly for an hour1 take out the hackles1 rinse them1 and you will have a green3 you may have any shade of green by dyeing the blues darker or lighter1 and putting in more yellowing stuff and less blue when light yellow greens are required1 boil gently1 and look at the hackles often to see that they have taken the shade you want4 ,,to ,,dye ,,lavender ,,or ,,slate ,,dun1 c4 c4 ,boil ground logwood with bruised nut galls and a small quantity of copperas1 according to judgment3 you may have a pigeon dun1 lead colour1 light1 or dark dun4 ,the ingredients must be used in small quantities1 according to taste4 ,you may have raven grey1 or duns of various shades1 by boiling with the logwood a small quantity of alum and copperas4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote ,j3 ,half a tea cupful of water1 and the same quantity of oil of vitriol1 put into a bottle1 the indigo to remain in twenty-four hours to dissolve4 ,,blues4 ,dissolve some indigo in oil of vitriol for twenty-four hours1 put a couple of spoonfuls in your pot1 add a little crystal of tartar1 put in your hackles and boil1 or at least keep them at a scalding heat1 or the vitriol will burn the feathers1 furs1 c41 take them out1 rinse them well1 and the colour will be lasting4 ,if to the above liquor some fustic chips1 well boiled by themselves1 and the juice added1 you may then have any shade of the best green4 ,a ,,silver ,,grey4 ,boil some fenugreek and a little alum half an hour1 put in the white hackles1 c41 and add a little pearlash and ,brazil-wood1 boil them gently an hour1 rinse them1 and your colour will be lasting4 ,a ,,coffee ,,or ,,chesnut4 ,boil the hackles1 c41 that have been previously dyed brown1 in some nut gall1 sumach1 and alder bark1 then add a small quantity of green copperas to the liquor1 allow it to remain a day and a night in water that you can bear the hand in1 and all the stuff will enter the materials4 ,,to ,,dye ,,olives ,,and ,a ,,mixture ,,of ,,colours4 ,olives are dyed from blue1 red1 and brown1 of every shade1 according to fancy4 ,from yellow1 blue1 and brown1 are made olives of all kinds4 ,from brown1 blue1 and black1 brown and green olives are made4 ,from red1 yellow1 and brown1 are produced orange1 gold colour1 marigold1 cinnamon1 c4 ,see ,haigh's ,dyer's ,assistant of ,woollen ,goods1 for larger quantities4 ,a ,,concise ,,way ,,of ,,dyeing ,,colours4 ,i will now add the way to dye the colours1 for pighair1 mohair1 hackles1 c41 in a concise and summary manner1 to avoid giving trouble in too many words1 and the quantities of ingredients ,i have given before1 which would be superfluous to mention over so often1 and which the dyer must know by this time4 ,the great art is in knowing the quantities that each dye requires to obtain the exact colour1 and this may be known by a close observation to the rules ,i have given4 ,fustic and alum water will dye yellow1 the hackles dipped three times in fresh stuff4 ,weld1 turmeric1 and fenugreek1 will give a yellow1 boiled in alum water1 and the hackles dipped often1 till they are the proper colour4 ,these may be dyed without tartar at pleasure4 ,brazil-wood1 boiled till you have a strong decoction1 strain off the juice1 then add alum water1 boil the hackles in it slowly for a day or two1 and it will produce good reds4 ,if the colour of the ,brazil-wood be very strong1 there may be reds obtained in an hour's boiling4 ,this is a wood which is of a hard nature1 and it is difficult to extract the colour from it1 although a good dye4 ,a claret may be produced from ,brazil-wood mixed with red archil1 and boiled in the usual manner1 dipped in potash liquor1 or brilla will act in the same way to strike the colour2 use hard water4 ,a fiery brown may be made from fustic and turmeric boiled together with alum and a little crystal of tartar1 7soft water for this dye71 and then dip in liquor of potash4 ,a cinnamon brown may be made with a little madder1 or stone crottle1 boiled with alum and tartar1 with a little turmeric to finish it4 ,a good blue may be had by boiling the hackles with alum water1 and add a spoonful of the liquid blue2 this is done by putting some oil of vitriol into a bottle with a little water1 and then the indigo1 powdered1 which will dissolve in twenty-four hours1 and be ready for use4 7,i have mentioned this twice before1 as ,i am very particular47 ,for a purple1 dye blue first1 then add the red dye1 and dip it in potash2 when the hackles1 c41 are left long in the red1 it is more of a wine purple4 ,to have a good green1 dye blue first1 then boil in turmeric and fustic bark1 with alum and tartar1 as usual4 ,you may have any shade of green by noticing the process in the dye pot4 ,to dye an orange1 first make it a turkey red with ,brazil-wood and alum water1 then finish with turmeric and fustic till the colour pleases you4 ,to dye a golden olive1 boil sumach and turmeric with alum water1 add a little potash and copperas1 and finish with new turmeric and a little potash4 ,green olive may be made with a little more copperas and verdigris4 ,sooty olive is made by adding to the first a little alder or oak bark1 and finishing with turmeric and alum water4 ,an amber may be made with red1 and finished with yellow dye2 the first with stone crottle or madder1 and finish with turmeric bark2 the yellow with alum water4 ,all fishing colours should be dyed yellow first with alum and crystal of tartar1 but claret4 ,claret may be made from ,brazil-wood1 barked first in alum water1 adding new ,brazil three or four times fresh to the liquor1 and simmer slowly for a day or two4 ,a fiery brown may be made from lima or peth-wood1 barked with turmeric and alum water4 ,a golden yellow may be had from citrine bark1 boiled in new stuff three times slowly1 bark with alum1 and dip in potash or brilla4 ,all blues may be dipped in potash1 to sadden the colour4 ,a crottle or red orange1 boil madder and stone crottle together1 and bark with alum water2 the madder will do if the crottle cannot be had4 ,the crottle grows on stones in rocky places1 like red moss4 ,an orange may be had by dyeing yellow in strong liquid three times fresh2 bark with alum1 and dip in potash4 ,a ,green ,drake may be made by dyeing a good yellow first1 and adding a few drops of the blue decoction from the bottle of prepared blue dye1 this comes to the green drake colour2 add a little copperas to make a green dark or light1 as you please4 ,a golden olive may be made by dyeing brown red hackles in fustic and a little copperas1 and dipped in potashes1 finished in turmeric and alum2 you will have a sooty olive by adding but very little of the turmeric root4 ,a sooty olive may be made by dyeing black hackles in yellow first with alum water1 add fresh yellow stuff three times to the dye pot1 and dip them in potashes4 ,a wine purple may be made from light dyed blue hackles1 put them in the red dye of madder1 ,brazil1 or cochineal1 and dip them twice in potashes4 ,liver-coloured hackles may be had from brown red hackles1 barked with alum1 and boiled in ,brazil-wood juice1 dipped in liquor of potash4 ,a bright olive may be made from fustic and oak bark1 adding a little turmeric and alum water4 ,a fiery cinnamon may be had from yellow dye1 ,brazil juice1 and madder mixed1 boil these well1 and add a little turmeric with alum4 ,a golden crottle may be made from stone crottle and yellow dyes with turmeric and alum water4 ,the stone crottle is best for all golden colours1 but as it may not be easily got at1 use madder instead2 golden orange may be had from the above1 adding a little potashes1 and boil very slowly4 ,a pea green may be had by dyeing yellow first1 and add a few drops out of the blue dye bottle1 till it comes to the shade1 it may be darkened to a leek or bottle green4 ,a stone blue1--bark the hackle with alum1 and add to the alum water as much of the prepared dye out of the bottle as will make it dark enough1 this may be easily seen from the appearance of the liquor in the dye pot4 ,a ,prussian blue is done in the same way1 keeping out the indigo1 and adding the ,prussian blue4 ,dip a red into potashes and you have a light wine purple2 blue and red dye is best4 ,dip a good yellow in potashes1 well boiled and stir1 and you will have an orange4 ,a little tartar is good for all colours but black4 ,sumach1 logwood1 iron liquor1 and copperas1 will form a black4 ,boil a small quantity of copperas with logwood1 and it will dye gut properly4 ,a tawny cinnamon may be dyed from stone crottle or madder1 mixed with turmeric1 alum1 and a little tartar1 these must be gently boiled in fresh stuff1 adding a little copperas4 ,,the ,,materials ,,necessary ,,for ,,artificial ,,fly ,,making4 ,the necessary articles used for fly making in general are as follows3 ,those feathers that are of a most gaudy hue are best for the wings of salmon flies1 which are golden pheasant feathers1 cock of the rock1 the crest of the ,hymalaya pheasant1 the blue and yellow macaw1 the scarlet macaw1 red macaw1 green parrot's feathers1 particularly the ,amazon parrot tail1 the scarlet ,ibis1 blue king fishers1 and chattern1 the splendid ,trogan1 the ,argus pheasant1 the bustard1 red parrot1 and the ,bird of ,paradise2 the wood-duck feathers 7try the cock of the north feathers1 black hackle1 white body1 and gold72 the jungle cock2 the spotted turkey1 brown1 light1 and dark feathers2 brown mallard1 or wild drake2 teal feathers2 heron feather1 black and blue2 glede or kite tail feathers2 grey mallard1 widgeon1 and shovel duck2 various dyed and natural cock hackles2 grouse hackles2 guinea hen hackles1 the rump and back feathers2 silver pheasant1 cock and hen bird tail1 wings1 and body feathers2 yellow toucan feathers2 blue jay feathers1 and the wings of the jay for trout flies2 peacock feathers1 off wings1 tail1 and body2 black ostrich feathers1 and the white ostrich for dyeing all colours for the heads of flies1 c41 with floss silk of every shade2 gold and silver twist1 and plate of different sizes2 pighair1 mohair1 furs1 c4 ,the materials for small trout flies are1 mohair1 furs of every colour1 water rat1 fitch1 squirrel1 mole's fur1 hare's ears and neck furs1 mouse and common rat fur1 martin's fur1 sable fur1 black spaniel's hair off the ear1 black bear's hair for tailing the drake1 and all white furs dyed of various shades1 such as yellow1 yellow-green1 gold1 orange1 cinnamon1 light duns1 c2 starling wings1 grouse feathers1 snipe wings1 woodcock wings1 thrush and blackbird's wings1 fieldfare wings1 wren tails1 tomtit tails1 bunton lark wing1 skylark wings1 sparrow wings1 landrail wings1 water-hen wings1 water-rail wings1 partridge tails and hackle feathers1 brown hen wings1 tail1 and body feathers1 dun hen wings1 c42 dun cock hackles1 dun hen hackles1 dottril wings and hackles1 and all dun1 brown1 and grey feathers that can be found on every bird that flies are useful for imitating the natural insects2 tying silks of every shade1 yellow and orange being the favorites2 hooks of sizes1 and silk-worm gut4 ,and now to wind up the line4 ,i humbly beg to say that if ,i have deceived the friends of the rod in anything1 they have a right to be indifferent with my profession of friendship1 and ought to retain a sensibility of my misfortune2 my conscience is clear it is not so1 for ,i know that ,i would deceive myself were ,i to think that ,i could do without my admirable friends of the angle--without me they could do--but ,i value their worth1 as in hope ,i rest1 although they say hope told a flattering tale4 ,i am not deceived by flattery1 be it far from us2 ,i dislike deceit4 ,i have hid nothing2 ,i have done my endeavours in this book to show the youths of the angle1 as well as the great fly fishers1 all ,i know about the matter so far1 and as the ,chinamen say1 that time and industry convert a mulberry leaf into a silk shawl1 so perseverance will be the means of the fly maker's success1 if he allows himself an opportunity of accomplishing that which he requires to know and to perform1 and at the same time neglect not to prepare for the coming struggle1 it will be his own fault if he does not become a skilful angler1 c4 ,i will therefore consider myself highly honoured if the young gentlemen of ,england1 ,ireland1 ,scotland1 and ,wales1 appreciate my labour1 and to be enabled1 by the natural genius they possess1 descending from ,him who visited us through the ,orient from on high to enlighten our understandings in every good1 to find out the information they desire in the perusal of these pages4 ,,finis4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,obvious punctuation errors repaired4 ,book uses both pearl-ash and pearl ash2 salmon-fly and salmon fly4 ,varied hyphenation was retained4 ,text also uses archaic spelling1 scissars4 ,page vii1 cloured changed to coloured 7buff-coloured fur and7 ,page viii1 surperbly changed to superbly 7superbly painted to suit7 ,page viii1 ,britian changed to ,britain 7any river in ,britain7 ,page #ae1 growse changed to grouse to match rest of usage 7grouse hackle prepared7 ,page #bc1 pains changed to pain 7with a little pain7 ,page #cf1 word to added to text 7next to the root7 ,page #ge1 woodcook changed to woodcock 7woodcock or wren grackle7 ,page #adh1 hymalean changed to ,hymalean 7hen ,hymalean pheasant is an7 ,page #aff1 ,arklaw changed to ,arklow 7,arklow1 on the river ,ovoca7