,,second ,,edition     ,,*ri/ian        
,,phr5ology1    ,a ,,guide ,,to         
,,self-,,k4     ,,by   ,,joseph ,,bunney
     ,greek3 ,,gno?i ,,seauton4     ,a4 
,,drewett ,,& ,co1   ,,public ,,libr>y1 
#fb1 ,,reg5t ,,/reet4   ,,mdcccxxxix4   
,illu/ration     ,,introduction ,,to ,,!
 ,,/udy ,,( ,,phr5ology4   ,phr5ology is
 a sy/em ( ,m5tal ,philosophy4 ,x       
enquires into ! quality & condition ( ! 
m9d1 e/imat+ ! faculties1 s5tim5ts1 &   
prop5sities ( ! individual1 )\t be+     
deceiv$ by p]sonal e/eem or ! voice (   
p>tial praise2 = z x too frequ5tly      
occurs t m9ds ( ! highe/ ord] are m or  
less "u ! influ5ce ( self love1 or a    
desire = ! admiration ( o!rs1 s are !y  
bl9d$ to _! own weaknesses & 9 "s       
measure r5d]$ incapable ( ackn[l$g+ _!  
faults ev5 to !mselves4 ,?is defect1 a  
defect ( ! race r ?an ( ! individual1   
pres5ts an effectual b>ri] to all m5tal 
improvem5t1 = m9ds h[ev] highly gift$   
are always 9 "s measure l$ a/ray by self
 gratulation or ! flatt]+ comm5dations (

 o!rs1 & ?us !y are l$ to ov]look _! own
 errors1 or to congratulate !mselves t  
!y are n z o!r m5 are1 & ! m5tal eye    
becomes bl9d$ to :at is wrong 9 its own 
intellectual organization al?\gh        
s5sitively awake to ! errone\s feel+s & 
prop5sities ( o!rs4 ,x is ! prov9ce (   
,,phr5ology to measure ! ext]nal        
features ( ! m9d's ag5t1 & to facilitate
 ! /udy ( ,,man )\t div]g+ into         
metaphysical error on ! "o h&1 or       
mat]ialism on ! o!r4  ,phr5ology !n is  
"o ( ^? beautiful revelations (         
applicable sci5ce :i* c\ld only h be5   
made kn[n 9 an a]a ( intellectual       
cultivation4 ,x is 9 accordance ) man's 
advancem5t 9 civilization &             
ref9em5t4--,x 0 n ne$$ 9 ! days (       
,high emprise or prie/ly p[]4  = :5 m5 7
 measur$ by _! pr[ess1 & :5 might 0 "r1 
a /&>d ( intellect w\ld h be5 ( little  
value2 b amid/ ! discov]ies ( ! #ai?    
c5tury x comes to u z a monitor & a     
fri5d2 ,its developem5t =ms a /rik+ fact
 9 ! philosophy ( hi/ory--= z we trace !

 long & v>i$ records ( physical discov]y
 f ! "t ( ,ar*im$es to ! coronation (   
,victoria1--we inv>iably f9d t :atev]   
sci5ce1 or :atev] art has be5 made kn[n 
to u1 x has always be5 ! =]unn] ( new   
*apt]s 9 ! hi/ory ( man3 ?us ,a/ronomy  
l$ ! way to magnetism--,magnetism l$ to 
! sci5tific pr9ciples ( navigation1--& !
 /eam eng9e1 mighty z its p[] appe>s1 is
 b 9 accordance ) ! advanc$ wants (     
mank9d2 & s ) e o!r in/ance1 9          
proportion to ! discov]ies ( intellect1 
has man advanc$ 9 ! scale ( intellig5ce 
& humanity1--) m9d1 s has matt]         
progress$1 until f ! unlett]$ savage1 he
 has arriv$ at ! gates ( t sci5tific    
temple ^: lessons tea* him1 t n[1 hav+  
laid out ! e>? = 8 su/5ance1 peopl$ !   
ocean ) 8 race1 & prov$ 8 ma/]y ov] all 
?+s1 x is "t t he %\ld arise & conqu]   
self1--     ,"k !n ?yself1 & seek n ,god
 to scan1   ,! prop] /udy ( mank9d is   
man6                                    
,,pope4  ,to d ?is1 man mu/ be /udi$ 9 8
 moral1 social1 & religi\s condition2   

?us only is he enabl$ to gratify t inw>d
 ye>n+ aft] :at is great & good :i* is !
 basis ( all improvem5t4 ,x is necess>y 
h[ev] to le>n :at is imp]fect be=e      
improvem5t c be attempt$4 ,we mu/ le>n  
our own m5tal con/itution & comp>e x ) a
 /&>d ( excell5ce1 & :at /&>d c we h1 b 
t all surpass+ goodness t creat$ man 9 8
 own image8 ,,he 9 :om ev5 ,pilate f\nd 
no fault--:o said ,i am ! v9e1 & ye are 
! bran*es1--:o w5t ab\t do+ good1 & :o  
said to 8 disciples1 ,be ye !re=e       
p]fect1 ev5 z y\r fa!r :i* is 9 heav5 is
 p]fect4 ,?is is ! /&>d t we %\ld look  
up to--to ! ,au?or ( all good2--to ,8   
life ^u e>? z ! l9e ( our conduct "h--to
 8 suff]+s 9 our day ( tribulation--to  
,8 glory z ! end t we w\ld "o day %>e 94
  ,su* is ! object t =ces itself ^u !   
m9d1 :5 lib]at$ f ! bas] passions (     
humanity1 ! _s c indulge 9 its own l(ty 
aspirations--x feels a noble elevation (
 purpose 9 contemplat+ ! improvem5t (   
its be+--& x feels capable ( foll[+ out 
a design s beautiful1--!re is a dimly   

reveal$ pleasure 9 devot+ e en]gy to !  
acquisition ( an end s glori\s1 & !     
pleasure is pure1 elevat$1 & ennobl+1 x 
is nei!r transi5t nor viol5t1 b x seems 
to be brea!d into ! he>t1 mak+ x wis]1  
bett]1 & happi]--,x is n ! pleasure t we
 h s\ght = 9 life1 b ! calm & quiet     
enjoym5t t is ref]r$ to ! m9d1 z ! seat 
( all pure & rational delight3 & to !   
bra91 z a pleasure t w endure &         
increase1 & fade n away l ! mom5t>y     
intoxications ( animal delight3 !       
pleasure ( a good object is ref]rible to
 ! m9d1 & to ! bra9 z ! seat ( t m9d1 & 
we ask1 ,is ! m9d ! (fspr+ ( t bra98 or1
 ,is ! bra9 ! organ ?r\gh :i* ! m9d     
acts8 a mom5t's ?\ght answ]s ! "q2 9 a  
few %ort ye>s t bra9 w be m\ld]+ away 9 
! sil5t tomb1 :il/ ! m9d t animat$ x1 c 
nev] die2 ?us !n we arrive at ! seat ( !
 m9d1 a fact univ]sally all[$ by all    
philosoph]s1 9 all places1 & at all     
times1 & by reason+ ^u ?is simple fact1 
we are l$ ?r\gh progressive /ages (     
induction1 until we h arriv$ at a k ( t 

mo/ valuable b mo/ difficultly ex]cis$  
faculty1 ,self-control4  ,n[1 we "k well
 t ! eye & ! e> receive _! faculties f !
 bra91 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! n]ves4 ,?us1 ! 
eye may be delight$ by gaz+ on an ext5d$
 view ( nature2 ! e> by li/5+ to !      
sublime cad5ces ( sacr$ music2 b if we  
sev] ! delicate filam5t t conveys ! s5se
 ( enjoym5t to ! bra91 z ! seat ( all   
pleasure1 result+ f ! ex]cise ( ! eye or
 ! e>1 s d we imm$iately sev] ! s5ti5t  
be+ f ! p]ception ( beauty 9 =m or      
l&scape1 or ( h>mony 9 s\nd4 ,s x is ) a
 limb1 if we divide ! fibre or n]ve     
connect+ ! muscles ( t limb ) ! bra91 we
 imm$iately deprive ! organ ( feel+ &   
volition4 ,?us1 !n1 ! feel+s1 ! s5ses1 &
 ! enjoym5ts are ref]r$ to ! bra9 z !   
seat ( ! m9d1 & x w\ld be z irrational  
to suppose t ! bra9 9 its entirety is   
influ5c$ by e s5sation1 p]ception1 or   
impulse1 z to suppose t ! :ole body is  
requir$ = an op]ation affect+ only a "p3
 s by analogy we le>n1 t z ! eye is giv5
 u to see )1 ! e> to he> )1 ! tongue to 

speak )2 :5 nei!r eye1 e>1 or tongue is 
adapt$ to any o!r use1 s1 9 l mann] we  
are l$ to inf]1 t p>ticul> p>ts ( ! bra9
 are end[$ ) p[]s1 peculi> to !mselves2 
= x w\ld be equally rational to suppose 
t a man c\ld 9 "s measure read ) ! e>1  
smell ) ! eye1 or see ) ! nose1 z to    
ass]t t ! same portion ( bra9 c\ld be   
direct$ by ! m9d at w1 to /udy poetry1  
or sculpture1 ! arts ( money gett+1 or  
direct to ! enjoym5ts ( love4 ,su*      
op]ations ( ! m9d are ess5tially        
diff]5t2 ! poet1 ! sculptor1 ! man ( ?is
 _w1 & ! lov] ( pleasure h portions ( ! 
bra91 individually adapt$ to ! v>i\s    
op]ations ( ! m9d1 & z ! m9d is develop$
 by natural circum/ances1 by h]$it>y    
prejudices1--! effects ( e>ly tra9+1--! 
results ( education1--! influ5ce ( good 
or bad example1 or ! unt[>d ev5ts t     
occur 9 life1--s is ! effect ( ea* & e  
"o ( ^! duly regi/]$ ^u ! m9d1 & ^u !   
bra91 z ! organ ( t m9d1 s t at any & e 
p]iod ( exi/5ce an ext]nal exam9ation ( 
! bra9 po9ts out :at prop5sities1       

s5tim5ts1 & faculties are at t p]iod 9  
exi/5ce1 & z a due cultivation or       
improp] neglect ( ! m5tal p[]s is       
inv>iably record$ ?r\gh ! m9d itself    
act+ ^u ! bra9 ) m or less en]gy 9 ^?   
individual p>ts mo/ g5]ally ex]cis$1 s  
does ,phr5ology--! sci5ce ( ! bra91 z an
 unbiass$ fri5d1 po9t out :at errors ( !
 imag9ation are to be %unn$--:at        
prop5sities to be conqu]$1 :at faculties
 to be cultivat$1 :at s5tim5ts to be    
giv5 up4 ,s does x pres5t itself z a    
means :]eby we may "k our own weaknesses
 & conqu] !m--our /r5g?1 & be enabl$ to 
ex]t x4 ,s does x po9t out :atev] may be
 pr$om9ant 9 our nature = good or =     
evil1 tea*+ u by a monitor f> m true ?an
 ev5 ! he>t itself1 h[ to rem$y our     
faults 9 ?is life1 & gradually by sev]e 
& con/ant practice1 tea*+ u h[ to become
 m fitt$ = ! life to come4              
,,hi/orical ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,phr5ology4   
,9 exam9+ ! hi/ory1 or ! progress (     
discov]y 9 any p>ticul> sci5ce1 we are  
irresi/ibly l$ to enquire :y a s]ies (  

facts l ^? :i* con/itute its basis %\ld 
h rema9$ s long hidd5 f ! eye ( man4 ,we
 "k t ! doctr9es we are inve/igat+ are  
f\nd$ ^u facts1 & if ^? facts are 9     
op]ation at ?is mom5t1 !y mu/ h be5     
equally s a ?\s& ye>s ago1 or our       
enquiries _c be bas$ ^u ,tru?1 s9ce     
,tru? is et]nal4 ,if1 !n1 9 p]us+ !     
records ( phr5ology1 we are l$ to wond] 
at ! long ages ( human ignorance1 ,are  
we n equally surpris$ t all physical    
sci5ce %\ld h exi/$ s _m ages1 )\t !    
cognizance ( man8 ,d we n wond] t ?\s&s 
( ye>s float$ d[n ! /ream ( ,"t1 be=e   
man discov]$ :y ! lightn+ fla%$ across !
 heav5s1 or :y ! ne$le po9t$ to ! pole1 
& are we n ev5 n[ unable to tell :y !   
pol> ,aurora diffuses its e!real light8 
,:y !n s+le out ,phr5ology = disbelief1 
because x is new1 is gold ! less gold   
because fre% f ! m9e8 or tru? less true 
because rec5tly reveal$8 ,we _c tell :y 
phr5ology has s long rema9$ unkn[n1 b we
 may ref] ! reason to ! wisdom ( t      
,almighty ,intellig5ce :o plac$ 8 b[ 9 !

 heav5s1 & fa%ion$ t wond]ful cycle (   
ev5ts t 9 e age has be5 suit$ to ! wants
 & capacities ( man4 ,phr5ology c\ld n h
 exi/$ 9 any age b "o :]e9 m9d _h ass]t$
 its ma/]y ov] matt]1 & al?\gh ! und]/&+
 0 9 "s measure prep>$ = ! reception (  
new tru?s by ! physiognomy ( ,lavat]1 & 
! facial l9e introduc$ by ,camp]1 yet   
exp]i5ce prov$ t ,lavat]'s !ories 7 n   
g5]ally applicable1 & ! means propos$ by
 ,camp] at ! be/ times unc]ta94         
,anatomi/s & physiologi/s toil$ at      
discov]+ ! seat ( ! m9d1 !y dissect$ &  
drew conclusions--b s vague &           
unsatisfactory 0 ! k communicat$1 t ! m 
! anatomi/ dissect$1 ! m he became      
entangl$ 9 a mass ( conjecture &        
p]plexity4 ,! metaphysician fail$ too2  
he /udi$ ! m9d *iefly ?r\gh himself & by
 record+ 8 own k ( 8 faculties1 0 l$    
into error3 l ! nautilus he retreat$    
into 8 own %ell & ?us s\ght to le>n :at 
0 )\t1 & z may be suppos$ m5 ( diff]5t  
m9ds arriv$ at diff]5t results3--su* 0 !
 /ate ( m5tal k ab\t #agfj4 ,! me?od    

pursu$ by ,dr4 ,gall1 0 ess5tially      
diff]5t2 at an e>ly p]iod he 0 l$ to    
notice ! diff]5ce ( tal5ts & disposition
 9 8 s*oolmates & companions1 he f\nd "o
 ) a ret5tive memory1 ano!r ) a tal5t = 
languages1 "o 0 rem>kable = elegance (  
/yle1 ano!r = dullness1 & a ?ird = close
 reason+2 he f\nd _! dispositions       
equally diff]5t1 & ?is div]sity appe>$  
to regulate _! p>tialities & av]sions2  
"s %[$ a lik+ = play1 o!rs = books1 & a 
?ird class = me*anical h&iwork4 ,9 ?is  
mann] e "o pres5t$ an individual "*2 "s 
ye>s aft] he f\nd t p]sons ) a great    
tal5t = le>n+ by he>t 7 ^? ) :om x 0 mo/
 difficult = him to compete1 & he notic$
 t all ^! _h prom95t eyes1 he !n        
recollect$ t 8 e>ly companions _h ! same
 feature prom95t1 & :5 he ent]$ !       
,univ]sity he direct$ 8 att5tion to ?is 
fact1 & f\nd t all ^? :o _h prom95t eyes
 possess$ a great facility ( le>n+ by   
he>t1 ev5 9 cases :]e !y possess$ no    
p>ticul> tal5t4 ,al?\gh ?is connexion   
betwe5 tal5t & ext]nal appe>ance 0 n    

suffici5tly e/abli%$ to be consid]$ z a 
c]ta9 circum/ance1 ,dr4 ,gall c\ld n    
dive/ himself ( a belief 9 ! relation%ip
 ( ! "o fact to ! o!r1 & aft] mu*       
reflection he conceiv$ t if memory =    
words _h an ext]nal indication1 ! same  
circum/ance might be trac$ to ! o!r     
intellectual p[]s2 look+ !re=e only at  
g5]al indications he believ$ he c\ld    
trace ! exi/5ce ( tal5ts = pa9t+1 music 
& me*anics1 he m>k$ also ! ext]nal      
features ( individuals possess+ great   
det]m9ation ( "*1 ?is sugge/$ to him !  
idea ( look+ to ! head = all ! moral    
s5tim5ts1 ref]r+ ! /ate ( ! skull to !  
influ5ce ( ! ,bra94  ,"h !n comm5c$ !   
difficulties :i* appe>$ z soon z ,dr4   
,gall comp>$ 8 own obs]vations f nature1
 ) ! op9ions ( ,physiologi/s &          
,metaphysicians2 he f\nd t :ile "s plac$
 ! s5ti5t s\l or intellectual faculties 
9 ! bra91 o!rs plac$ x 9 ! he>t1 or !   
c]ebellum1 or ev5 9 ! visc]a1 s t he    
hesitat$ ab\t ! correctness ( 8         
conclusions1 he obs]v$ also t ! pr9cipal

 diff]5ce ( m5tal faculty 0 n ow+ to    
diff]5ce ( education or accid5tal       
circum/ances1--if ! diff]5ce 7          
accid5tal1 ! project he n[ contemplat$  
w\ld be hopeless1 b he recollect$ t 8   
bro!rs1 & si/]s1 & s*oolfell[s _h all   
receiv$ a simil> education & equal c>e1 
yet _m ^u :om ! tea*]s _h be/[$ great   
att5tion 7 /ill f> beh9d _! companions4 
,(t51 says ,dr4 ,,gall1 we 7 accus$ (   
want ( w1 or      defici5cy 9 zeal2 b _m
 ( u c\ld n1 ev5 ) ! mo/      ard5t     
desire1 foll[$ out by ! mo/ ob/9ate     
ef=ts1 atta91 9      "s pursuits1 ev5 to
 m$iocrity2 :ile 9 "s o!r po9ts1 "s     
( u surpass$ our s*oolfell[s )\t an     
ef=t1 & almo/1 x      might be said1 )\t
 p]ceiv+ x ourselves4 ,b1 9 po9t (      
fact1 our ma/]s did n appe> to atta* mu*
 fai? to ! sy/em      :i* taught        
equality ( m5tal faculties3 = !y ?\ght  
!mselves entitl$ to exact m f "o s*ol>1 
& less f      ano!r4 ,!y spoke frequ5tly
 ( natural gifts1 or ( ! gifts (        
,god1 & consol$ _! pupils 9 ! words ( ! 

,gospel1 by      assur+ !m t ea* w\ld be
 requir$ to r5d] an acc\nt1 only      9 
proportion to ! gifts he _h receiv$4    
,conv9c$ by ?is1 t !re is a div]sity (  
tal5t & ( disposition1 he enc\nt]$ ano!r
 ob/acle 9 ! conv5tional t]ms us$ to    
express ! actions ( ! m9d4              
,metaphysicians spoke ( judgm5t1        
p]ception1 ?\ght1 memory & imag9ation1 b
 ,gall wi%$ to express a faculty =      
music1 = pa9t+ & = me*anics1 he !re=e   
ab&on$ ! !ories & op9ions ( o!rs resolv+
 to le>n by direct obs]vation f nature2 
he visit$ prisons1 s*ools & lunatic     
asylums1 0 introduc$ to c\rts1 to       
colleges & ! seats ( ju/ice2 & :]ev] he 
he>d ( p]sons di/+ui%$ = any p>ticul>   
end[m5t or defici5cy1 he obs]v$ & /udi$ 
! ext]nal features ( ^? p>ticul> heads4 
,9 ?is mann] by degrees ( induction he  
felt himself w>rant$ 9 8 belief t !     
configurations ( ! head indicate ! m5tal
 p[]s2 9 addition to ?is exam9ation dur+
 life1 :5ev] any ( ! p]sons di$ ) ^:    
peculi>ities he _h become acqua9t$ dur+ 

life1 he us$ e means to be all[$ to     
exam9e _! bra9 aft] dea?1 & ?us he      
succe$$ 9 arriv+ at ! fir/ outl9es ( ^? 
facts :i* "t aft]w>ds develop$4 ,9 ^!   
rese>*es he f\nd t ! bra9 cov]$ by !    
dura mat] pres5t$ a =m exactly          
correspond+ to t :i* ! skull _h exhibit$
 dur+ life3 & be+ confid5t 9 !          
correctness ( 8 sy/em he ann\nc$ x to ! 
_w at ,vi5na1 9 #agif4 ,! successive    
/eps t he pass$ ov]1 71 #a4 ,he obs]v$ !
 relation%ip betwe5 p>ticul> tal5ts &   
p>ticul> =ms ( ! head4 #b4 ,he asc]ta9$ 
t ! figure & size ( ! bra9 correspond$ 9
 e po9t ) ! skull4 #c4 ,he dissect$ !   
bra9 m9utely s z to inve/igate its      
/ructure4  ,dr4 ,spurzheim /udi$ "u     
,gall1 9 #ahjj1 & 9 #ahjd became        
associat$ ) him 9 8 lab\rs2 s9ce t p]iod
 _m new & valuable discov]ies 7 made by 
!m 9 ! anatomy & physiology ( ! bra92 ! 
tru?s ?us elucidat$ m]e =m$ into a sy/em
 ( m5tal philosophy4  ,x 0 impossible to
 =esee :at results w\ld foll[ !         
exposition ( ?is doctr9e4 ,dr4 ,gall's  

mode ( enquiry 0 pla9 & simple2 ?us he  
f\nd t a desire = ga9 bore relation to !
 size ( "o "p ( ! bra9--he call$ x !    
organ ( !ft1 because he f\nd x l>ge/ 9  
?ieves2 ! prop5sity to de/roy1 he call$ 
murd]1 because he f\nd x l>ge/ 9        
individuals condemn$ = t crime--9 l     
mann] b5evol5ce & o!r organs1 = z ,dr4  
,gall _h n laid out any arrangem5t1 a   
s]ies ( disjo9t$ facts 0 all t c\ld be  
arriv$ at1 leav+ _! value to be det]m9$ 
at a future p]iod1 :5 ! multitude (     
facts %\ld require "s arrangem5t4 ,z    
soon1 !re=e1 z ! value ( ! mat]ials _h  
be5 asc]ta9$ by "t & fur!r inve/igation1
 ! eye ( philosophy at once detect$ !   
mat]ials = a sy/em ( m5tal elucidation1 
& phr5ological facts 7 arrang$ into a   
sci5tific sy/em1 ^: importance has be5  
univ]sally recogniz$3 facts t _h hi!rto 
appe>$ isolat$ 7 soon connect$ ) o!rs & 
! obloquy t _h be5 ?r[n ^u x by public  
ridicule1 0 ov]p[]$ by ! pres5ce ( tru?4
 ,! doctr9es :i* at fir/ 7 a rude &     
undige/$ mass ( unconnect$ facts1 ^:    

app>5t results 7 nei!r promis+ nor      
invit+1 n[ became *ang$ 9 "*1--x 0      
recogniz$ to be ! sci5ce ( m9d & its    
value 0 app>5t1 ! new op9ions _h be5    
d\bt$1 simply because !y 7 new1 b !y    
bore ^u !m ! impress ( tru?3 ^? :o 7    
adv]se to its doctr9es1 7 ^? :o _h n    
/udi$ its pr9ciples2 & ^? :o d\bt x n[  
are ^? :o h nev] exam9$ ! volume (      
nature1 f :i* ! page ( sci5ce has be5   
torn4 ,^? :o consid] its relative be>+1 
bo? ^u individuals & ! human race1 w be 
conv9c$ t ,phr5ology c>ries 9 its tra9 !
 mo/ valuable assi/ance 9 fur!r+ ! cause
 ( education1 morality1 & religion4 ,we 
_c conclude ?is *apt] bett] ?an by quot+
 ! annex$ extract by a popul> writ] f ! 
,=eign ,qu>t]ly ,review2--       ,no?+ t
 ev] 0 devis$ by man has put 9 8 h&s s  
p[]ful an in/rum5t to "k himself1 z t   
:i* we      7phr5ologi/s7 h giv5 him2 =1
 if he believes 9 u1 he _c      d5y !   
evid5ce ( 8 own organization4 ,! fir/   
key to unlock      ! he>ts ( o!rs is t  
:i* op5s our own2 & to "k :e!r      we  

judge our neighb\r fairly or n1 we %\ld 
measure ! quantity      ( our own feel+s
 :i* we mix up 9 ! judgm5t4 ,b f ?is    
acqua9tance ) ourselves & o!rs may      
result ! greate/      b5efit t c\ld     
accrue to social int]c\rse1 mutual      
indulg5ce4      ,:5 we recollect t ea*  
has 8 own p>ticul> organization1 z      
we h ours2 t x is n easy to contr\l !   
dispositions :i*      nature has ?us    
implant$ 9 our m9ds2 t we h defects z   
insupportable1 p]haps1 z any t we       
enc\nt]1 we %all be m      dispos$ to   
be> ) o!rs' foibles1 t !y may p>don     
ours2 &      mutual necessity w make u  
tol]ant4       ,a /ill high] function ( 
phr5ology1 z x relates to mank9d at     
l>ge1 n m]ely to ! few un=tunates :o    
lab\r "u malady1 is      its empire ov] 
education4 ,! va/ error1 t m5 are alike 
fitt$      = all pr(essions1 t all c    
turn _! m5tal p[]s to !      same acc\nt
 & pr(it1 has done mu* injury to !      
education (      individuals1 &         
consequ5tly to ! g5]al progress ( ! _w4 

,b our sci5ce 7cont9ue ,drs4 ,gall &    
,spurzheim7 %[s t all m5      are n     
alike fitt$ = all purposes2 t1 9 "o1 a  
receptiv5ess      = musical1 9 ano!r =  
ma!matical in/ruction pr$om9ates2      t
 "s are end[$ ) ! p[] ( prompt          
p]ception1 & o!rs      ) t ( ab/ruse    
induction2 9 %ort1 t e walk ( social    
life has its de/9$ vot>ies4 ,n[1 x is to
 be hop$1 t :5      p>5ts h ! au?ority (
 phr5ology = ! tal5ts &      disposition
 ( _! *ildr51 !y w cultivate ^? :i*     
nature      has made ! mo/ sali5t 9 _!  
cranium1 & n torm5t !m )      /udies =  
:i* !y h no suffici5t organ4 ,%\ld "o ( 
_!      boys1 9 defiance ( bir*-rods &  
f]ulas1 neglect 8 vocabul>y      to c>ve
 8 taw1 or cut out waggon-:eels ) 8     
p5knife1 let      !m consult "o ( u1 &  
we w tell !m t all ! betula (           
,w9dsor =e/ w n make a s*ol> ( him2 we w
 %[ t1 n      be+ "o ( ! ox-ey$1 he c b 
ill rememb] words1 b t      hav+ a      
fulness 9 ! frontal bone j above !      
sph5o-temporal      suture1 he may      

become an exp]t me*anic1 an eng9e]1 a   
mill-wright1      or a ,watt2 t x is 9  
va9 to ?ru/ 9 ?r\gh ! gluteus           
maximus :at _c p5etrate ! head2 & t flog
 him z !y      may1 8 propria quae      
m>ibus w always be cov]$ ) *ips &       
*isels4 ,9 ! same mann] we w tea* !m to 
oppose ! bad      prop5sities ( y\?1 by 
)hold+ alim5t f self-love1 f            
ob/9acy1 f cruelty1 & by *]i%+          
b5evol5ce1 ju/ice1      piety2 &        
correct+ levity by g5tly /imulat+ !     
reflect+      faculties4 ,we c tell1    
too1 :y _m a s*ool-boy1 :o has c>ri$    
away prizes & rew>ds1 s9ks into an      
ord9>y adult2 & :y m      ?an "o dunce  
has bur/ out l a lum9>y 9 lat] ye>s2 =  
we      c %[ ! organs :i* make a        
brilliant infant & a dull man1 &      ^?
 :i* are ( little use at ,eton1 b mo/   
ess5tial to a      /atesman or a        
philosoph]4 ,nei!r %all we all[         
ourselves to be      impos$ ^u by any   
ur*9's cunn+1 or mi/ake ill w &         
idl5ess = inability4 ,! m>ks by :i* we  

judge are regi/]$ by      nature1       
indelible1 immutable1 & cle> to e eye4  
,b individual education is a v small    
portion ( ! good :i*      we aspire to  
tea*--7^! p really are mad2 _! ambition 
is      unb\nd$674 ,we w educate        
nations2 & no?+ c prev5t u f            
fulfill+ ?is mission1 b ! de/ruction ( !
 human race4 ,we      w tell ! m5 ( e   
c\ntry _! faults & _! vices1      _!    
virtues & _! tal5ts1 & hold !m up z     
cle>ly z size      & =m c be held up1 to
 ! notice ( mank9d4 ,none %all escape   
u4 ,already1 n only                     
,europeans1--,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,g]mans1   
,italians1--! mo/ enlight5$1 ! mo/ ref9$
 ( m51 h we      scrut9iz$1 b ,asiatics 
"u e latitude1 ,africans ?ir/+ on       
bo? sides ( ! ,equator1 ,am]icans z wild
 z ,africans1 z      civiliz$ z         
,europeans4 ,we h told tru?s to all1 &  
po9t$ out      ! means ( improvem5t4 ,at
 ?is mom5t1 inde$1 !y may n li/5      to
 u1 b ! day w come :5 !y w advance b by 
u4 ,to u      is giv5 to decide ! great 

"q ( orig9al national      prop5sities1 
z ( individual prop5sities1 & to %[ h[  
!y may      be exp&$ or repress$4 ,we   
%all in/ruct rul]s h[ to gov]n1 &       
subjects h[ to submit1 & /rike ! j      
balance--z v>i\s z      ! races & !     
regions ( ! e>?--betwe5 ! sov]eign & !  
p2 & ! fir/ "t t we inspire oppress$    
reason to dem&      h] rights1 & to dem&
 no m--t we tea* m5 h[ mu* lib]ty       
!y c be>1 h[ mu* privation !y mu/ yet   
endure1 we %all h      our full rew>d4  
,s mu* = ! practical pret5sions ( our   
sci5ce4 ,! read]      mu/ n[ he> our    
claims to speculative sup]iority4 ,dr4  
,spurzheim      has said1 & be5 mo/     
he>tily abus$ = say+--&1 if !           
sci5ce be false1 mo/ he>tily des]ves to 
be abus$ =      say+1--t ! :ole         
philosophy ( ! m9d mu/ be entirely      
*ang$2 t ! /udy ( man 9 ?is respect w   
become a new      /udy1 c4 ,9 ?is       
dictum--mo/ noble or mo/ arrogant1      
accord+ to      ev5ts--we 7phr5ologi/s7 
concur1 ) ! l\de/ *e]s2 & 9      ?is1 d 

we say1 lies ! /up5d\s monum5t ( our    
sci5ce4 ,s9ce      ! e>lie/ records (   
philosophy1 sages h speculat$ on !      
he>t1 ! m9d1 ! passions1 & ! und]/&+4 ,=
 m ?an      ?ree ?\s& ye>s sy/ems h     
fla%$1 & disappe>$ )\t      leav+ a     
trace4 ,"s ( ^!1 inde$1 7 abundantly    
+5i\s2      b 7 defective 9 t :i* alone 
c make !m la/+1 tru?4      ,x w\ld be   
curi\s to exam9e ! hypo!ses :i* h gr[n  
up1      "o aft] ! o!r1 9 ! f]tile soil 
( fancy1 ,arabian1 ,*9ese1      ,p]sian1
 ,egyptian1 ,greek1 ,roman1 & mod]n     
,european1 & to see h[      speci\s & h[
 futile all h be54 ,n "o ( !m 0 f\nd$ on
      any ?+ b conjecture2 &1 until     
,gall appe>$1 x 0 n      suppos$ t m5tal
 philosophy1 t psy*ology1 ev] c\ld h any
      o!r basis4 ,b ,gall proce$$       
entirely ^u fact2 & ^? :o      accuse 8 
sy/em z imag9ative1 w probably call !   
',fa]ie      ,que5e' an hi/orical poem1 
& ',le>' an algebraical trag$y4 ,he     
/alk$ f bra9 to bra91 f organ to organ1 
& trampl$      conjecture "u foot4 ',!  

man ( skulls'--aye1 ,mr4 ,ed9burgh      
,review]1 ! boy ( skulls--end[$ 9 tru?1 
) n less      imag9ation ?an 8          
pr$ecessors1 _h yet m love ( fact ?an   
!y _h2 & ?is s+le faculty has plac$ him 
above !m all4 ,x      is1 inde$1 mo/    
wond]\s1 t ! catalogue ( ! innate       
faculties ( man %\ld h escap$ !         
grey-hair$ philosoph]s (      e age &   
climate1 & t its fir/-fold %\ld h be5   
op5$ to a *ild ( n9e ye>s old1 :o 9     
maturity unroll$ x all1      except a   
leaf or two1 :i* he left to 8 foll[]s4  
,su* a      discov]y1 _h x be5 made by a
 man aft] s long concealm5t1 &      s _m
 attempts to accompli% x1 w\ld h be5    
wond]ful2 b let      x nev] be =gott5 t 
x 0 ! "w1 & n ! accid5tal      "w1 ( an 
infant4     ,,advantages ,,& ,,objects  
,,( ,,phr5ology4       ,9 proportion z  
any bran* ( /udy leads to important &   
useful      results--9 proportion z x   
t5ds to ov]?r[ prevail+ errors--9      !
 same degree x may be expect$ to call =?
 angry declamation      f ^? :o are try+

 to despise :at !y w n le>n1 &      w$d$
 to prejudices :i* !y _c                
def5d4--,,ar*bi%op      ,,:ately4       
,hav+ po9t$ out 9 ! introductory *apt] !
 great end & aim ( all le>n+--,,!       
,,advancem5t ,,( ,,mank9d ,,9           
,,religion1 ,,morality1 ,,& ,,virtue1 we
 %all proce$ to po9t out ! advantages ( 
,phr5ology1 9 enabl+ man to become wis]1
 bett]1 & happi]4 ,x w be univ]sally    
conc$$1 t ?is life is a /ate (          
probation1 t if we d well--t is1 if we  
become ,god's p1 we %all ent] into !    
k+dom ( heav52 b if we d evil1 we %all h
 our portion 9 ! lake :i* burne? )      
ev]la/+ fire2 = ?is reason ,/4 ,paul    
exhorts u to press =w>d to ! prize ( our
 high call+4 ,let u g on unto p]fection1
 says he1 & aga91 let u lay aside e     
weight1 & ! s9 :i* do? s easily beset   
u--& 9 ano!r place he tells u1 t x is   
appo9t$ unto m5 once to die1 & aft] t ! 
judgm5t4  ,su* !n1 be+ our situation1 h[
 imp]ative is ! comm& to1 cease to d    
evil1 & le>n to d well4 ,we mu/ fir/    

le>n :at is imp]fect & !n /rive to      
improve1--we mu/ look ^u ,,self         
,,improvem5t1 z some?+ possible1 some?+ 
alli$ to ! bett] portion ( human nature1
 some?+ wor?y ( ! noble/ c>e & !        
mightie/ ef=ts t human be+s1 aim+ at    
p]fection1 c ev5 hope to aspire to4 ,we 
mu/ recall ! pa/1 wat* ov] ! pres5t1 &  
/r5g!n ourselves aga9/ ! future1--we mu/
 le>n :at we are & :at we may be1 = we h
 9 ourselves ! p[] ( controll+ z well z 
( wat*+ our passions & our en]gies1 & x 
is ?is pr]ogative t causes human        
responsibility4 ,phr5ology tea*es u t   
m5tal en]gy is inv>iably accompani$ by  
an increase ( ! bra91 9 ! portion :i* is
 act$ on by t en]gy2 if ! intellect be  
exp&$1 ! p]ceptive faculties 9 active   
op]ation1 ! nobl] en]gies ( *>ity &     
v5]ation employ$ = good1 x is at once   
app>5t2 s too ) ! bas] passions1 !      
s5suali/1 ! ignorant1 & ! deprav$ alike 
reveal by _! organization ! _s t moves  
)9 !m1 & z we "k by endless facts t !   
bra9 alt]s 9 proportion to ! use or     

disuse ( faculties1 s5tim5ts1 or        
passions2 s if we are "r-m9d$ we mu/    
inf] t ,god creat$ no su* ma/]-piece (  
un]r+ workman%ip )\t design+ x = our    
good2 & if s1 h[ culpable1 h[ crim9al   
mu/ !y be1 :o d>e to d\bt ! h& ( a nobl]
 be+ 9 a design s beautiful1--h[        
culpable mu/ !y be :o neglect to use !  
means laid d[n = _! advancem5t1--h[     
crim9al1 :5 !y "k1 yet slight or scorn  
to employ x8 ,b x may be ask$1 h[ c !   
bra9 enl>ge or decrease by ! action ( ! 
m9d8 ,c an invisible1 immat]ial pr9ciple
 enl>ge or less5 ! organ ?r\gh :i* x    
op]ates8 mo/ c]ta9ly x c1--:at b use    
developes ! muscul> sy/em--:at b ! am\nt
 ( ex]tion makes ! "r arm ( ! gold beat]
 ne>ly twice ! size ( 8 left8 or :y does
 active ex]tion give /r5g? & tone to !  
limbs1 :il/ indol5ce r5d]s !m effem9ate 
& small1--& if any "o d\bt ! p>allel1 !y
 _c h exam9$ & enquir$ = tru?1 on :i*   
alone enquiry c be bas$4 ,muscul> p[]1  
consid]$ ab/ract$ly1 is to ! full z     
invisible & deep seat$ z ! p[]s ( !     

m9d1--! m9d mu/ fir/ direct ! motions ( 
animal p[] ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! n]ves1 & ! 
ex]tion ( _! p[] =ms ! muscles1 or if ! 
p[] be n ex]t$1 ! muscles1 h[ev] fully  
develop$ previ\sly1 mu/ quickly         
decrease2 s x is ) ! bra91 ! index ( !  
m9d3 & z no "o c behold ! brawny frame (
 ! labori\s artisan )\t be+ l$ to       
consid] ! ex]tion ( muscul> =ce z !     
cause ( t p[]ful =m1 s no "o ought to   
dispute ! id5tical op]ation 9 ano!r "p (
 ! human sy/em1 simply because !y are   
famili> ) "o & w n be famili> ) ! o!r4  
,tak+ x = grant$ !n1 7& surely no "o w  
d5y ra%ly :at c\ntless facts h prov$1 & 
:at is only prov$ ! m z ! numb] ( facts 
increase7 t ! bra9 is ! organ ( ! m9d1  
we are l$ to ! foll[+ pr9ciples4  #a4 ,!
 bra9 is ! organ ?r\gh :i* ! m9d        
op]ates4  #b4 ,9 proportion to !        
developem5t ( any "p ( ! bra9 w be ! p[]
 ( t correspond+ faculty1 s5tim5t1 or   
passion1 because t faculty1 s5tim5t1 or 
passion1 by its ant]ior action1 has     
develop$ ! bra94  #c4 ,! increase or    

decrease ( m5tal passions1 affections1  
or s5tim5ts1 is accompani$ by a         
correspond+ increase or decrease ( !    
bra94  #d4 ,! bra9 l ! muscle1 is only !
 ag5t ?r\gh :i* ! immat]ial _s acts1 = z
 muscul> p[] resides n 9 a muscle1 s    
nei!r does ! m9d dwell 9 ! bra92--& z   
all connection betwe5 ! muscle & life1  
or vital en]gy is de/roy$ by sev]+ !    
connection ( ! n]ve communicat+ p[] to t
 muscle1 s might ! m9d & bra9 be sev]$1 
b = ! beautiful design ( ,provid5ce1 9 s
 c>efully protect+ ! bra9 le/ any m5tal 
organ be impair$1 z well z by ! =mation 
( duplicates to ^? organs mo/ expos$ to 
injury2 = z 9 common life1 ! accid5t t  
deprives man ( a limb1 does n r5d] him  
incapable ( 8 high] & l(ti] duties1 s is
 x proportionably necess>y t ! organ    
?r\gh :i* ^? high] & nobl] functions are
 p]=m$ %\ld h be5 r5d]$ mo/ secure f    
h>m4  #e4 ,t ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! bra9    
hav+ be5 f\nd by long exp]i5ce to be    
appropriat$ to diff]5t functions1 ^?    
p>ts are & h ! same design1 & are       

produc$ by ! same faculties 9 all human 
be+s4  ,"u "o ( ^! heads all            
phr5ological facts mu/ fall4  ,f ^!     
pr9ciples also1 x mu/ be evid5t t ! bra9
 is dep5dant = its =m & "* on !         
developem5t ( ! m9d 9 any individual1 & 
9 ?is mann] phr5ology asc]ta9s ! natural
 bias ( ! m9d1 s z to direct            
education2--x asc]ta9s simil>ity (      
pursuits & dispositions s z to improve  
social int]c\rse2--x asc]ta9s at any "t 
( life :at faculties require to be      
cultivat$ or to be *eck$1 :at s5tim5ts  
or passions prepond]ate 9 ! individual1 
= good or = evil1 :at %\ld be repress$1 
z well z ^? p>ts :]e9 increase %\ld be  
aim$ at1 x po9ts out ! p]sons ) :om we  
sympa?ize1 or t[>ds :om we may h an     
antipa?y1--9 ! treatm5t ( m5tal disease1
 its use is obvi\s4 ,no m satisfactory  
pro( ( ?is c be ref]r$ to1 ?an !        
extraord9>y success ( ! exp]im5ts at !  
,hanwell ,lunatic ,asylum "u ! direction
 ( ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,ellis4 ,reg>d+ ! bra9 n
 z an entire organiz$ mass1 b z an      

assemblage ( organs1 "s ( :i* may come  
into a morbid condition :ile ! re/ rema9
 comp>atively heal?y1 ! c\rse pursu$ at 
t excell5t in/itution has be51 by       
k9dness & by engag+ ! att5tion ( !      
pati5t1 to ex]cise ^? organs :i* are    
s\nd1 &1 by dim9i%+ ! action ( ^? :i*   
are 9 a diseas$ /ate1 to re/ore !m to ! 
heal?y p]=mance ( _! functions4 ,!      
success :i* has att5d$ ! exp]im5t /&s   
)\t prec$5t 9 ! annals ( insanity4 ,f   
?is treatm5t we le>n t cures h av]ag$   
n9ety 9 a hundr$4  ,phr5ology tea*es u  
h[ to aim at self-improvem5t1 t is1 !   
duty :i* e man owes to himself1 s z to  
improve & r5d] m p]fect :atsoev] is     
wrong 9 8 nature4--,improvem5t is ! end 
& object2--x dem&s a vigor\s well       
regulat$ ex]tion ( all ! en]gies ( ?\ght
 & feel+4--,phr5ology tea*es :]e x is   
mo/ requir$--:e!r x be moral1           
intellectual or religi\s1 & :i*ev] x may
 be1 we mu/ make x ! great end ( our    
endeav\rs1 & use solemnly & delib]ately 
! great p[]s t ,,god has giv5 to u1--)\t

 ?is resolution ( purpose ! be/ means   
are wor?less3 b ) x ! poore/ may become 
mighty 9 moral & intellectual p[]s1 !   
progression ( our nature to ! p]fection 
po9t$ at by ,/4 ,paul1 mu/ n be reg>d$ z
 a fiction1 b a reality1--we mu/ look   
coolly & rationally ^u ! va/ am\nt (    
ignorance--intemp]ance1 s5suality &     
selfi%ness t dwell ) & ar\nd u1--we mu/ 
?9k :at an imm5se field ( m9d is lo/--h[
 _m might be *e]$ ) intellig5ce1        
dis9t]e/$ness & ref9em5t1 t n[ are lo/ 9
 voluptu\s extravagance or ! ex]cise (  
wor?less & deprav$ passions2--we mu/    
le>n ! dignity ( our /ation z m5--t we  
%all be made p>tak]s ( ,,*ri/1 if we be 
/$fa/ unto ! end1--& t if we keep ?is   
object 9 view /$fa/ly & zeal\sly1 we    
%all inh]it a cr[n ( righte\sness t     
fade? n away--& t too 9 a k+dom (       
ev]la/+ happ9ess :]e ! wick$ %all cease 
f tr\bl+ & ! we>y be at re/4     ,,on   
,,! ,,/ructure ,,& ,,anatomy ,,( ,,!    
,,bra94   ,! ,,bra9 is admitt$ by       
physiologi/s1 to be ! organ ( ! m9d1    

al?\gh dissection furni%es no clue to   
its functions1 b ! same may be said ( ! 
eye1 ! tongue or ! e>4 ,! phr5ologi/    
comp>es developem5t ( bra9 )            
manife/ation ( m5tal p[]1 & by its      
classification ( organs arranges ^?     
in/rum5ts ?r\gh :i* ! m9d manife/s its  
p[] dur+ life4 ,a brief description ( ! 
bra9 !re=e w be advantage\s4 ,x is a    
mass ( s(t matt] n homog5e\s1 b pres5t+ 
diff]5t appe>ances2 "p ( x :ite 9 col\r1
 & fibr\s 9 texture is nam$ ! m$ull>y   
sub/ance & ab\nds 9 ! int]ior2 ! o!r    
matt] is ( a grey col\r & n fibr\s 9    
appe>ance1 ?is =ms ! out]-portion (     
bra91 !y d n bl5d toge!r1 b h a p]fect  
l9e ( di/9ction4 ,!re is no adipose or  
fatty matt] 9 ! skull4 ,! bra9 is divid$
 into two hemisph]es1 sep>at$ by a /rong
 membrane t]m$ ! ,falci=m process ( !   
,dura ,mat]1 & ea* hemisph]e is divid$  
into ?ree lobes1 ant]ior1 middle &      
po/]ior3 ! two hemisph]es & ! organs (  
ea* side are br\ght into communication  
by fibres runn+ transv]sely4 ,!         

c]ebellum & bra9 are only slightly &    
indirectly connect$4  ,! great] portion 
( ! bra9 is de/itute ( s5sibility1 ,sir 
,c4 ,bell imag9es f ?is t x possesses a 
high] (fice ?an t ( s5sual p]ception4 ,!
 ext]nal sub/ance ( ! bra9 is arrang$ 9 
convolutions or folds2 ^! appe> to be   
int5d$ = ! purpose ( increas+ its       
sup]ficial ext5t ) ! lea/ enl>gem5t (   
size1--9 ! inf]ior classes ( animals !re
 are no convolutions1 b !y increase 9   
numb] & ext5t z we asc5d 9 ! scale (    
be+4 ,ea* side ( ! bra9 & also ( !      
c]ebellum1 is suppli$ ) sep>ate art]ies 
convey+ blood to x1 :ile ! s9uses or    
canals :i* return ! blood to ! he>t are 
common to all4  ,! ,,c]ebellum is       
compos$ ( matt] simil> to t ( ! bra9 9  
appe>ance1 b diff]5t 9 arrangem5t1--x is
 sep>at$ f ! bra9 by a /rong membrane   
call$ ! t5torium3 its fibres orig9ate 9 
! m$ulla oblongata :]e ! organs ( !     
prop5sities take _! rise1 s t ! bra9 &  
c]ebellum al?\gh sep>at$ by ! t5torium  
are bo? connect$ toge!r4 ,! bra9 &      

,c]ebellum are protect$ by ! skull1 & ! 
bra9 is =m$ be=e ! bones :i* inve/ x4 ,!
 process ( ossification is gradual1 !   
pr9cipal portion at bir? be+ /rong      
membranes 9 :i* ! po9ts ( ossification  
beg9 & cont9ue increas+ 9 ext5t & /r5g? 
till ab\t ! age ( n9e ye>s3 betwe5 !    
sub/ance ( ! bra9 & ! skull are ! pia   
mat] & ! dura mat]1 two integum5ts :i*  
enclose ! p]iph]al ext5t ( ! bra9 &     
convey blood-vessels to its sev]al p>ts1
 ! bra9 ) ^! membranes exactly fills !  
int]ior ( ! skull4 ,! skull fully =m$ is
 compos$ ( eight bones :i* are connect$ 
by ind5t$ edges3 ! int]nal & ext]nal    
surfaces are1 f _! smoo? surface call$ !
 plates & ! int]m$iate "p1 diploe1 :i*  
is ( a loose cellul> texture2 z ?is     
diploe is ne>ly equally ?ick 9 e "p1 !  
two tables are ne>ly p>allel to ea* o!r1
 & ! v>iations :]e !y occur d n exce$ ! 
eigh? or t5? "p ( an in*2 ! integum5ts  
be+ an exact =m ( ! bra91 & ! bony matt]
 fitt+ !m exactly1 x foll[s t !re is no 
ob/acle ( importance to prev5t our      

obs]v+ ! =m ( ! bra9 by ! =m ( ! skull4 
,disease & old age alone oppose ob/acles
 to ?is proce$+2 = by ^! causes ! skull 
may be increas$ or dim9i%$ 9 volume1 & x
 is g5]ally irregul> 9 ?ickness 9 old   
age3 ! sutures also int]rupt absolute   
p>allelism1 b _! situation is kn[n &    
all[$ =1 & ! frontal s9us1 or cavity at 
! top ( ! nose1 9 ! frontal bone1 7:i*  
is (t5 enl>g$ & cov]$ by ! s*neid]ian   
membrane giv+ great p[] to ! n]ves (    
smell7 is s remotely connect$ t x c only
 affect a few organs1--five at ! mo/4   
,^! few objections are s fully ov]rul$  
by practice & obs]vation1 t !y c nev]   
lead to error if ! /ud5t ex]cise a prop]
 degree ( caution4--,we may conclude !n1
 t if m5 manife/ _! true nature 9 _!    
actions1 7& m5 _c always be dissembl]s17
 ! m9d influ5c+ ! bra91 & !reby ! skull1
 mu/ pres5t a developem5t correspond+ to
 _! real "*--& t ,,phr5ology or ext]nal 
exam9ation leads to ! results s\ght = :5
 we exam9e human nature = ! purpose (   
self improvem5t1 or = moral & religi\s  

elevation ( "*4     ,,on ,,temp]am5t4   
,! ,temp]am5ts are commonly /at$ to be  
f\r only1 & _! sub-divisions2 z ^! are  
unit$ 9 ! same individual4 ,^! are1 !   
,n]v\s1 ,sangu9e1 ! ,bili\s1 & !        
,lymphatic2 !y are h[ev] r>ely met ) 9 a
 sep>ate /ate1 ! great] numb] ( p]sons  
pres5t+ a mix$ temp]am5t1 ! mo/         
pr$om9ant ( :i* are ! ,sangu9e-,bili\s &
 ! ,sangu9e-,n]v\s1 a mild] =m (        
,lymphatic & ! ,lymphatic ) ! ,sangu9e1 
,bili\s & ,n]v\s1 may be /at$ z produc+ 
twelve v>ieties4 ,temp]am5t may be def9$
 z ! natural con/itutional t5d5cy ( !   
individual1 produc+ a disposition to    
ex]t c]ta9 faculties m ?an o!rs3 = ?is  
reason !y mu/ be c>efully /udi$1 t _!   
active & passive influ5ce ^u ! m9d may  
be asc]ta9$4 ,_! action is *iefly       
manife/$ 9 ! en]gy or apa?y1 ( !        
individual's "*2 = :5 prop]ly balanc$1  
by _! equal influ5ce on a well cultivat$
 m9d1 !y produce ! beautiful h>mony (   
feel+1 t leads to a "r e/imation ( ?+s  
:e!r moral1 intellectual1 or physical2  

by _! comb9$ influ5ce 9 ! physical man1 
t is on ! passions & affections1 or1 on 
! intellectual be+1 t is1 ! p]ceptives  
actives1 & ! reflectives passive1--or ^u
 ! high] s5tim5ts1 :5 ! moral en]gy is  
active1 & ! spiritual zeal passive1--!y 
produce ! noble/ developem5t ( "* t c   
actuate human nature--! disunity ( ^!   
produces b a hea!n morality on ! "o h&1 
or religi\s fanaticism on ! o!r3 9 ! m9d
 too1 :ile !re is an active p]ception ( 
facts1 )\t due reflection on causes1 or 
! rev]se ( ^!1 ! m9d may be l$ into an  
excess ( its fav\rite pursuit1 to !     
ultimate loss ( mu* m5tal p[]4 ,:5      
rightly ex]cis$ h[ev]1 ! spiritual unity
 ( body1 m9d & s\l1 produces a vigor\s  
pursuit ( :atev] is great & good 9 human
 nature4  ,! ,temp]am5ts may be g5]ally 
ref]r$ to "s p>ticul> con/itution ( !   
organic sy/em--:ole families are        
sometimes ( a simil> temp]am5t1 & at    
o!rs no two memb]s are alike3 a great   
portion probably dep5ds ^u p>5tal       
causes1 9 ! same way t family lik5esses 

are (t5 obs]v$1 probably !y may be      
ref]r$ to ! blood z a *ief cause1 !     
active circulation produc+ great action 
on ! bra9 & n]ves orig9at+ ! n]v\s3 a   
fulness ( ! circulat+ m$ium may produce 
! sangu9e2 a muscul> developem5t !      
bili\s2 a sluggi% sy/em ! lymphatic4 ,! 
classification ( ! temp]am5ts1 & _!     
comb9$ influ5ce ^u ! ?ree-fold nature ( 
man may be be/ und]/ood f c>eful        
obs]vation3 :5 pure !y pres5t ! foll[+  
appe>ances2--  #a4 ,a ,,n]v\s           
,,temp]am5t is indicat$ by a pale       
complexion1 features %>p & angul>1      
delicate texture ( ! muscul> sy/em1 f9e 
silky hair1 delicate heal?1 quickness ( 
p]ception & great susceptibility2 p]sons
 "u ! influ5ce ( ?is temp]am5t are v    
s5sitive1--act m f impulse & feel+ ?an f
 pr9ciple1 & feel great languor :5      
exhau/$4  #b4 ,! ,,lymphatic            
,,temp]am5t1 is m>k$ by a full fle%y    
outl9e1--r\nd features1--pale           
complexion1 light /raighti% hair1--pulse
 sl[1 muscles s(t & ! disposition       

lukew>m & indol5t3 ! circulation be+    
feeble1 ! m5tal manife/ations are       
proportionately sluggi% & weak4  #c4 ,! 
,,bili\s ,,temp]am5t is di/+ui%$ by d>k 
hair1 sk9 ( a yell[ hue & co>se angul>  
features1 eyes active1 & (t5 ) a sev]e  
expression1 ! muscles firm & well       
develop$2--! pulsations p>take ( great  
en]gy :i* ext5ds also to ! bra94  #d4 ,!
 ,,sangu9e ,,temp]am5t is evid5t f a    
cle> florid complexion1--features well  
=m$ & fle%y1--! muscles full & tol]ably 
firm1 mild expression 9 ! eye1--auburn  
or br[n hair1 eyes blue or sometimes    
hazel1--disposition lively & *e]ful4    
,^!1 ) _! comb9ations w produce all !   
common v>ieties1 & :]e !y are well unit$
 9 a s+le individual ! union g5]ally    
improves ! "*4     ,,on ,,! ,,v>ieties  
,,( ,,! ,,human ,,race4   ,:5 we reg>d !
 diff]5t qu>t]s ( ! globe1--! di/9ct &  
p]man5t features ( national "* t /amp   
races ( m5 z races1 we are imm$iately   
/ruck ) ! great m5tal & natural         
dissimil>ity ( ^! v>ieties ( ! human    

race4--,! ,briton b[+ 9 wor%ip to ! "o  
true & ev] liv+ ,god1--! wild ,indian   
revell+ 9 ! uncontroll$ sublimities ( a 
wild & unconqu]$ wa/e1--! ,brahm91      
pro/rate at ! blood /a9$ relics ( human 
sacrifice1 or ! ignorant ,african1      
wor%ipp+ ! c>v$ effigy ( "s mis-%ap5 &  
hide\s mon/]2--ea* pres5t *>act]s :i*   
indicate "s /rongly m>k$ feature (      
individual & national con/itution4 ,!   
millions t dwell ar\nd ! ,ganges h a    
national & *>act]i/ic feature 9 _! m5tal
 con/itution1 & ?is di/+ui%+ m>k is z   
decid$ly evid5t 9 ! =m ( ! bra9 z x is 9
 ! cu/oms ( ! p1--! same rem>k applies  
to all o!r races2--! ,european :o has   
long dwelt 9 a high /ate ( civilization1
 & m5tal culture1--,! ,asiatic1 ^:      
anci5t cu/oms1 mod]ns va9ly seek to     
improve1--,! ,am]ican1 9 8 native =e/1  
surr\nd$ by civilization1 rema9s ev5 yet
 9 ! /ate ( rude & anci5t b>b>ism4--,^! 
diff]5ces ( national "*1 mu/ h a great  
influ5ce ^u ! individual3 ! unv>y+      
cu/oms produce a sam5ess 9 !            

organization--! p z a :ole are          
intellectual1 ignorant1 or b>b>ian4  ,^!
 national diff]5ces h be5 attribut$ to !
 influ5ce ( soil & climate3--b al?\gh ^!
 ex]cise "s influ5ce1 !y are inadequate 
to expla9 ! :ole--climate w\ld mat]ially
 affect ! cu/oms ( ! p1 & ^! cu/oms w\ld
 influ5ce ! organization ( ^? p>ts ( !  
bra9 influ5c$ by ! op]ations ( ! m9d 9  
procur+ animal com=ts1--! developem5t ( 
con/ructiv5ess is greatly affect$ by !  
cause4 ,b :5 we rememb] h[ c]ta9ly !    
same causes produce ! same results      
?r\gh\t ! works ( nature1 we are (t5    
unable to expla9 mu* ( ?is influ5ce1 !  
,europeans & native ,indians h liv$ =   
c5turies "u ! influ5ce ( ! same physical
 causes--! "o has progress$ l _! bre?r5 
( ! old cont95t1--! o!r rema9s /ation>y 
9 savage & unciviliz$ wildness4         
,religi\s & political in/itutions aga91 
h be5 br\ght =w>d z ! causes ( ^!       
diff]5ces2 b ?is is a sup]ficial view ( 
! matt]1 because x w be grant$ t all our
 in/itutions h be5 fram$ z ! m9ds ( man 

require !m1 n ant]iorly3 & :5 we except 
in/itutions l t ( *ri/ianity1 ! direct  
gift ( ,god himself1 f :at cause d we   
consid] human in/itutions to emanate    
except f ! m9ds ( ^? :o legislate = !   
wants ( a p1 or :o impose in/itutions ^u
 !m by "r ( arbitr>y p[]4  ,t national  
"* accords ) ,phr5ological rules1 is    
true z f> z we h opportunities ( judg+2 
b at pres5t our collections ( national  
skulls are n suffici5tly ext5sive to    
draw any v rem>kable conclusions2 ! mo/ 
prejudic$ obs]v] _c fail to rem>k !     
great diff]5ce among ! skulls ( diff]5t 
p--?us1 ! anci5t ,greek ) ,ideality &   
,con/ructiv5ess l>ge1 :5 oppos$ to !    
defici5t skull ( ! ,new ,holl&]1 %ews z 
/rik+ a contra/1 z ! hovels ( ! "o1 d to
 ! ar*itectural rema9s ( ! o!r4#a  ,to  
e/imate national peculi>ities prop]ly1  
travell]s compet5t to exam9e heads1 &   
classify temp]am5ts are mu* want$3 !    
size ( individual organs & _!           
comb9ations are also requir$3 ! skulls t
 we possess %ew t ! bra9 is 9 exact     

agreem5t ) ! *>act]s giv5 to _! v>i\s p 
by travell]s ( obs]vation &             
exp]i5ce4--,! subjugation ( a free p to 
a =eign yoke1--! introduction ( new     
cu/oms by conqu]ors1--! revolutions (   
/ates & empires1 & ! int]c\rse (        
nations1 ) _m o!r matt]s to be ga!r$ f !
 hi/ory ( ! _w1 all aid 9 assi/+ u to   
det]m9e national "* & f ?is to d$uce !  
natural t5d5cies ( individuals4         
,,m5tal ,,faculties4   ,,division ,i4   
,,feel+s ,,& ,,prop5sities4  ,common to 
man & ! inf]ior animals4   #a4          
,,amativ5ess4 ,,love4  ,?is organ is    
situat$ 9 ! c]ebellum1 ab\t half way    
betwe5 ! c5tre ( ! occipital bone & !   
l>ge long process beh9d ! e>4 ,x        
manife/s itself by ! ?ickness or wid? ( 
! back "p ( ! head2 x is produc$ z !    
human frame approa*es full developem5t1 
be+ small 9 *ildr51 & g5]ally on !      
increase betwe5 ! ages ( sixte5 & tw5ty 
f\r1--x frequ5tly dim9i%es 9 old age4   
,,use1--,?is organ is prop]ly ex]cis$ 9 
virtu\s affection3--! ende>m5ts ( a     

dome/ic circle1 & ! society ( ^? we     
love2--x s(t5s ! pr\d1 irascible1       
anti-social pr9ciples ( human nature1 & 
aids ! b5evol5t affections1--x causes a 
respectful1 & hon\rable def]5ce to !    
s(t] sex2--inspires ! poet 9 8 be/      
conceptions ( ! purity1 & self          
devot$ness ( ,love1 & produces t quiet b
 effectual influ5ce 9 society1 :i* is   
%[n 9 ! k9d int]e/ tak5 by ei!r sex 9 ! 
proce$+s ( ! o!r4 ,:5 abus$1 or all[$   
only to act z an animal prop5sity1 !    
abs5ce ( ! high] feature is a v         
unamiable trait 9 ! human "*1--no       
def]5ce is paid to age or sex & woman   
reg>d$ only z ! m9i/] to illicit lu/4   
,love to ,god is %[n by ov]com+ ^! bas] 
feel+s1 !y :o love me1 are su* z foll[  
my comm&s 7 ! words ( ! ,*ri/ian's      
patt]n1 & ! ex]cise ( ?is m5tal faculty 
is be/ %[n by ^? :o practise *>ity or   
univ]sal love )\t :i* we are b z a s\nd+
 brass or t9kl+ cymbal4 ,,abuse4--,an   
enc\ragem5t ( animal & debas+ s5suality 
:i* soon leads to a loss ( mode/y1 &    

p]sonal respect1 & virtue3 ! wor%ip due 
to ! ,creator is lavi%$ on ! creature2  
,jeal\sy & its myriad evil att5dants    
orig9ate *iefly 9 ! abuse ( ?is faculty4
   #b4 ,,philoprog5itiv5ess1 ,,love ,,( 
,,(fspr+4  ,9 animals ?is organ is t]m$ 
in/9ct1 & in/9ct means an orig9al       
prop5sity impell+ an animal to a        
p>ticul> action )\t int5tion or purpose4
 ,?is organ is situat$ ov] ! c]ebellum1 
& corresponds to ! protub]ance ( !      
occiput1 r above & betwe5 ! duplex organ
 ( amativ5ess4 ,z a faculty inh]5t 9 !  
human race x is beautifully %[n 9 p>5tal
 affection2 wom5 h x l>g] ?an m51 & x is
 f\nd to be l>g] 9 ! female1 ?an 9 !    
male skulls ( animals4 ,! int]e/ ( ?is  
feel+ is (t5 proportionate to !         
helplessness ( infancy2--a "m doats on  
h] infant 9 ! e>lie/ mon?s ( exi/5ce :5 
few beside h]self c see any attractions 
9 x3 x is g5]ally manife/$ 9 l>ge       
families :]e ! y\nge/ is inv>iably !    
fav\rite1 unless :5 sickness causes     
ano!r to %>e 9 mat]nal t5d]ness4 ,x     

seems probable t ! fondness lavi%$ by   
maid5 ladies on animals1 orig9ates 9 ?is
 faculty3 = !y (t5 nurse & pamp] _! pets
 q z excessively z p>5ts d *ildr54 ,!   
mutual love or affection = ! same (fspr+
 is ! bond ( union 9 m>riage--a /ep-p>5t
 seldom exhibits any ?+ m ?an reg>d     
t[>ds ! *ild ( ano!r3 x has be5 obs]v$  
by ,spurzheim t he f\nd x small 9 #bi   
infanticides :om he _h be5 able to      
exam9e3 b z ! faculty 9 its prop] use   
produces feel+s ( ! mo/ delightful &    
exquisite "* s is x ! m liable to       
,,abuse4 ,*ildr5 are ?us spoil$ by      
indulg5ce1 _! prospects are rais$ by a  
p>5t's mi/ak5 affection2 & in/ead (     
protection & happ9ess to *ildr5 &       
att5tion & def]5ce f !m1 x too (t5      
t]m9ates 9 a spoil$ *ild on ! "o side1 &
 disrespect t[>ds ! o!r4 ,?r\gh mi/ak5  
op9ions p>5ts (t5 pref] to make _!      
*ildr5 ri* r ?an good ?us sacrific+ _!  
temporal & et]nal welf>e1 lead+ !m to   
put _! tru/ 9 ?+s :i* ! mo? & ru/ do?   
corrupt & :]e ?ieves d break 9 & /eal1 r

 ?an 9 t ,rock ( ages )\t ^: k n "o     
sp>r[ dies4   #c4 ,,adhesiv5ess1        
,,atta*m5t4  ,?is organ is locat$ at !  
middle ( ! po/]ior edge ( ! p>ietal     
lobe1 or ea* side ( ,conc5trativ5ess1   
high] ?an ,philoprog5itiv5ess1 & j above
 ! lambdoidal suture4 ,,use--,?is       
faculty is m>k$ 9 ^? individuals :o     
exhibit p]man5t atta*m5t to be+s &      
objects ar\nd !m--x gives a p]man5ce to 
fri5d%ip1 a /eady adh]5ce to op9ions1 & 
a dislike to *ange :e!r ( objects or    
p]sons3 a p]son ) ?is faculty well      
develop$ w manife/ fri5d%ip to ano!r ev5
 9 ! greate/ depression ( =tune :5      
fri5d%ip is mo/ sev]ely tri$3 x is on ! 
av]age l>g] 9 females ?an 9 m51 & ?is is
 %ewn 9 ! p]man5ce ( _! atta*m5ts1 ,man1
 x is said may love1 b x is too (t5 ) a 
view to 8 own gratification1 b :5 a     
woman loves1 %e does s ) all h] s\l4--,!
 abs5ce ( ?is organ %ews an individual  
to be ( a cold1 indiff]5t "* 9 8        
fri5d%ip1 & "o n to be dep5d$ ^u 9 ! h\r
 ( mis=tune1 x is only :]e ! organ is   

well develop$ t an atta*m5t is su/a9$   
?r\gh evil report & good report3 :5     
regulat$ by judgm5t r ?an passion1 x    
produces ! noble/ examples (            
dis9t]e/$ness & devotion4--,! ,,abuse ( 
?is organ is %[n 9 ! unwor?y atta*m5t ( 
man to ! fleet+ ?+s ( ?is life--he      
places n 8 affections ^u high1 b on !   
conections ( p>ty1 ! int]e/s1 !         
advantages ( ?is life--he loves life to 
an errone\s ext5t1 p]haps deg5]ates into
 a recluse1 %ews a devot$ atta*m5t to ! 
good ?+s ( ?is life & b little = him :o 
0 ! true fri5d z ! way1 ! tru?1 & !     
life4   #d4 ,,inhabitiv5ess4--,,love ,,(
 ,,home4  ,inhabitiv5ess is by _m p]sons
 consid]$ z a modification ( ! prec$+   
organ or ( ,conc5trativ5ess3 x c h>dly  
be consid]$ a def9ite organ1 or a di/9ct
 m5tal faculty3 x is obs]v$ p>ticul>ly 9
 ! atta*m5t ( individuals to "s p>ticul>
 spot1--_! home1 c\ntry1 or abode ( ^?  
:om !y love2--z ! ,swiss h be5 kn[n to  
p9e = ! m\nta9 heights ( _! fa!r l&1 or1
 z all m5 desire _! a%es to repose at ! 

side ( _! de>e/ k94 ,dr4 ,spurzheim 9 8 
late "w publi%$ 9 ,am]ica is incl9$ to  
attribute a m ext5sive sph]e ( action to
 ?is organ ?an c be yet decid$2 & 9     
fact1 x is a decid$ manife/ation ( m5tal
 en]gy 9 _m p]sons--a dislike ( *ange1  
especially ( abode2 a dis9cl9ation to   
travel1 an atta*m5t to ! place ( bir?1 (
 long resid5ce1 or ! spot :]e life has  
be5 sp5t1 leads _m p]sons to live & die 
9 ! same spot :]e _! fa!rs liv$ & di$   
be=e !m2--x is ?is organ t gives a ,home
 to ,engli%m51 ,home1 = :i* "s languages
 h n ev5 an expression1 ,home1 9 def5ce 
( :i*1 ,engli%m5 h s bravely f\ght1 s   
nobly di$4 ,_m animals are atta*$ to    
peculi> situations1 ! *amois1 on !      
,alp9e cliff1--! eagle1 so>+ to 8       
eyrie1--& ! beav] locat$ by "s          
unfrequ5t$ /ream1 give evid5ce ( a      
simil> t5d5cy4  ,! faculty :5 ,,abus$1  
or all[$ to be excessive leads to       
peculi>ity ( disposition1 an avoidance (
 /rang]s1 a dislike to necess>y duties t
 int]f]e ) dome/ic arrangem5ts1 n]v\s   

ideas1 susceptibility ( insult1 & 9 "s  
cases1 by ! neglect ( ext]nal objects1 !
 m9d dwell+ ^u its own int]nal emotions 
only1 has decl9$ to monomania or ev5    
tempor>y ali5ation4   #e4               
,,combativ5ess4  ,combativ5ess is       
situat$ on ea* side (                   
,philoprog5itiv5ess1 a little beh9d1 &  
up f ! e>2 be+ ! result ( great m5tal   
en]gy1 x is indicative ( physical       
c\rage2 x enables an individual to      
cont5d ) difficulty & dang]1 prompts to 
repel :atev] is inimical1 & oppos$ to 8 
ex]tions4 ,! in/9ctive t5d5cy is        
d\btless to oppose1 & ?us produce       
c\rage2 9 its l[e/ activity x leads     
simply to resi/ance2 9 a high] degree to
 attack ! measures1 s5tim5ts1 or op9ions
 ( o!rs2 x is g5]ally m develop$ 9 m5   
?an 9 wom51 al?\gh individual in/ances  
occur among wom5 ) ?is organ l>gely     
develop$3 ! "n giv5 to ?is faculty      
orig9ally by ,dr4 ,gall 01 ! in/9ct (   
self def5ce1 & def5ce ( prop]ty1 b !    
def9ition 0 reg>d$ by ,spurzheim z too  

limit$2 & its op]ation 9 connection )   
o!r faculties is v ext5sive             
inde$--because c\rage :5 prop]ly direct$
 is useful to pres]ve ! "r1 & ,dr4      
,johnson speak+ ( c\rage1 says1 x is a  
quality s necess>y = ma9ta9+ virtue t x 
is respect$ ev5 :5 associat$ )          
vice4--,on ?is acc\nt x l5ds en]gy ( "*1
 & is necess>y to all great actions2 =  
ev5 9 ! mo/ virtu\s designs1 h[         
frequ5tly is opposition manife/$1 :i* x 
requires e en]gy to subdue2 ^? :o fight 
= virtue1 require c\rage z mu*1 or m ?an
 ^? :o fight = vice2--:5 ?is organ is   
defici5t1 ! individual is unfitt$ = !   
bu/les & fatigues ( active life1 he     
%r9ks f ho/ility & f any c\rse t opposes
 ! feel+s1 ! prejudices or ev5 ! vices (
 human society4 ,x is v p[]ful 9        
comb9ation1 l5d+ its aid to ! designs ( 
a ,h[>d1 l5d+ en]gy to ! application (  
tal5t1 or c\rage to ! oppon5t ( s92--!  
mo/ p]fect & useful memb] ( society1 is 
=m$ by ! full developem5t ( moral       
s5tim5ts1 due all[ance ( reflective p[]1

 & a /imulative degree ( ?is organ4     
,useful1 h[ev] z x is1 :5 well us$1 s is
 its action dang]\s :5 un*eck$1 & 9     
abuse4 ,x inspires a love ( cont5tion1 &
 controv]sy1 s t ! social h\rs become   
embitt]$ by /rife2 a t5d5cy to ang] &   
provocation by irritat+ conduct2 to     
ra%ness 9 designs f miscalculation ( _! 
effects4 ,an individual kn[+ ?is organ  
to be l>ge1 %\ld always ?9k be=e he     
acts1 & always keep be=e him ! illu/ri\s
 example ( ,him1 :o be+ revil$1 revil$ n
 aga94--,! en]gy giv5 him1 %\ld be      
employ$ well1 he %\ld nev] be we>y (    
well do+1 b rememb] t ! fruit ( ! _s1 is
 love1 joy1 & peace4   #f4              
,,de/ructiv5ess4  ,! organ (            
de/ructiv5ess is imm$iately ov] !       
ext]nal op5+ ( ! e>1 be+ m or less =w>d 
z ! developem5t is m or less            
intellectual4 ,! faculty is indisp5sable
 to all animals :o live on fle%1 & x    
diff]s f ! prec$+ organ 9 be+ m p]man5t4
 ,combativ5ess gives c\rage to meet     
dang]1 or oppose x )\t t]ror4           

,de/ructiv5ess l5ds a con/ant p[] (     
ov]com+ & de/roy+ z long z ! object (   
opposition rema9s2 its en]gy is ?us a   
p]man5t /imulus to ex]tion1 s z to      
ov]come :atev] object is 9 view--if     
le>n+1 indefatigable p]sev]ance2 if     
ri*es1 a con/ant plodd+ 9 ! pursuit2 if 
virtue1 a firm & unv>y+ opposition to ! 
myriad phases ( s94 ,combativ5ess is !  
active mom5t>y /imulus t requires       
excitem5t4 ,de/ructiv5ess1 ! passive    
en]gy t supports cont9u$ ex]tion4 ,!    
organ is ?us valuable :5 rightly us$1 b 
un=tunately x l5ds its en]gy to evil    
pursuits z well z good ones--x is f\nd 9
 ! h>d5$ & unrep5tant s9n]1 z well z 9 !
 noble & en]getic patriot2 x is ?us     
highly dang]\s 9 p]sons ^: organization 
is n "u ! gov]nm5t ( moral pr9ciple2 a  
good end[m5t is indisp5sable = a prop]  
dis*>ge ( duty1 z ! sword1 ! emblem (   
de/ructiv5ess is (t5 comb9$ ) ! scales (
 ju/ice1 ! "o to measure ! (f5ce1 ! o!r 
to puni% ! contemn]s ( ! law2 ^? :o h ! 
organ small1 are defici5t ( en]gy1      

incapable ( fight+ ) ! turmoils ( !     
_w4--on ! o!r h& ! abuse ( x is         
recognis$ 9 petty tyranny1 a desire to  
trample on ^? b5ea? u2 a c>elessness to 
! happ9ess ( o!rs1 & a sev]ity (        
puni%m5t = ! m9ute/ fault2 ,9 common    
life we may trace ! op]ation ( ?is      
faculty2 a prea*]1 ) ! organ l>ge &     
b5evol5ce small1 w\ld hold out !        
?reat5+s ( ! ,gospel1 a prea*] ( !      
opposite organization w\ld dwell ^u its 
promise ( p>don2 ! ill-treatm5t (       
animals & *ildr51 results f ?is faculty1
 uncontroll$ by moral s5tim5ts2 ! cr[ds 
( ignorant p]sons :o assemble at        
bull-baits1 cock fights1 & o!r species (
 cruelty are l$ to gratify ! organ f a  
want ( moral pr9ciple3 ! dreadful       
practice ( swe>+1 utt]+ ?reats (        
v5geance f> beyond human p[]1 & call+   
d[n imprecations on ! heads ( o!rs1     
arises f ! same cause1 & h[ r>ely are ^!
 se5 7to any ext5t7 9 educat$           
society--:]e ! en]gy ( "* has be5       
direct$ by moral tra9+ into useful      

*annels2--,! abuse ( ?is organ is !re=e 
to be e>ne/ly caution$ aga9/1 because1  
l5d+ its en]gy to evil1 x is productive 
( ! wor/ results4 ,de/ructiv5ess itself 
is r>ely f\nd z a pr9ciple ( de/ruction1
 b ! v>i\s degrees ( vice & crime are   
(t5 p]sev]$ 9 till !y become m evil ?an 
?is organ4 ,a p]son !re=e %\ld endeav\r 
to break (f root$ habits 7if bad ones7  
by direct+ ! en]gy ( ! m9d into o!r     
*annels1 !y mu/ walk 9 ! ,_s1 & n fulfil
 ! lu/s ( ! fle%1 kn[+ t1 !y t are      
,*ri/'s crucify ! fle% & ! affections1 &
 lu/s t belong to x4 ,let !m put on !   
:ole arm\r ( ,god1 s t !y may /& aga9/ !
 wiles ( ! devil1 let !m take ! helmet (
 salvation & ! sword ( ! _s1 :i* is !   
,,^w ,,( ,,god4   #g4 ,,secretiv5ess4   
,?is organ is situat$ imm$iately above  
,de/ructiv5ess1 9 ! lat]al portion ( !  
bra92 :5 bo? organs are fully develop$1 
x becomes difficult )\t practice to     
di/+ui% !m1 x may !re=e be m5tion$ t    
,secretiv5ess is high] & m =w>d ?an !   
o!r4 ,x seems to result f "s in/9ctive  

t5d5cy exi/+ 9 ! m9d1 to conceal f !    
public eye1 its own emotions & ideas4 ,x
 is ess5tial to a prud5t "*1 = z        
,solomon says1 ,a fool utt]e? all 8 m9d2
 b a wise man keepe? x 9 till           
aft]w>ds4--,9 ! l[] ord] ( animals !    
same faculty is t]m$ cunn+1 & x n only  
aids !m 9 _! pursuit ( food1 b also     
enables !m to combat =ce by prud5ce4 ,x 
en=ces a salut>y re/ra9t aga9/ undue    
manife/ation ( o!r prop5sities :i* are  
be/ ma9ta9$ )9 an individual's own      
bosom1 & x s]ves likewise to gu>d aga9/ 
! pry+ curiosity ( o!rs2 ^? p]sons 9 :om
 x is defici5t are blunt & unre/ra9$ 9  
_! op9ions1 exhibit great want ( tact 9 
society1 express+ _! s5tim5ts )\t reg>d 
to propriety ( "t1 or place1 or p]son4  
,:5 prop]ly employ$1 ?is organ t5ds to  
%ew a res]v$ disposition1 x suspects !  
secret design ( o!rs1 & exhibits !      
secrecy :i* is indisp5sable to prud5t   
conduct & success3 a defici5cy ( ?is    
organ is %[n among tale be>]s1 gossips1 
& newsmong]s1 & to ! want ( x "s portion

 ( sc&al may be attribut$4 ,secretiv5ess
 is necess>y = ! confid5ce ( fri5d%ip1 x
 is an ess5tial elem5t ( polit5ess1 mu* 
( :i* consi/s 9 avoid+ ! expression (   
:at is disagreeable4 ,x is h[ev] liable 
to ,,abuse1 & !n x leads to mu* evil3 a 
love = concealm5t1 intrigue1 cunn+1 &   
my/]y 9 ! details ( e day life2         
hypocrisy & dissimulation to hide :at   
has be5 done on ! sly2 p]sons ) ov]we5+ 
,self ,e/eem always conceal _! affairs f
 ! eye ( ! _w1 are anxi\s to support    
appe>ances1 & ma9ta9 a fair "* outw>dly 
ev5 if _! private acts are ( ! grosse/  
k9d2 if associat$ ) want ( moral s5tim5t
 x leads to ly+ & !ft3 x is (t5 manife/ 
to a surpris+ ext5t among ! insane4     
,p]sons hav+ ! organ l>ge w d well to   
keep a *eck ^u any unnatural res]ve3 &  
!y %\ld always see t !y d no?+ t        
requires concealm5t3 if ! organ mu/ be  
ex]cis$1 let !m lay up ! ^w ( ,god 9 _! 
he>ts :i* is ! se$1 t s[n 9 an hone/ &  
good he>t1 br+s =? fruit to p]fection4  
#h4 ,,alim5tiv5ess4  ,?is organ is only 

a probable "o3 a love = food h>dly      
appe>s to be a natural function ( ! m9d1
 & mo/ ( ! kn[n in/ances ( enorm\s      
appetite appe> to h result$ f organic   
disease 79 ne>ly e in/ance t is quot$ by
 ,phr5ologi/s47 ,!re appe>s to be "s    
gr\nds = suppos+ t ?is "p ( ! bra9 is   
connect$ ) ! s5sations ( hung] & ?ir/1 &
 p]haps also ) ! s5se ( ta/e4 ,spurzheim
 says ( x1 ,?is organ ?\gh indicat$ by  
reason & comp>ative anatomy1 is m]ely   
probable & c be confirm$ or reject$ l e 
o!r1 accord+ to direct obs]vations      
alone1 9 comp>+ c]ebral developem5t to !
 special prop5sity4 ,i possess _m facts 
9 confirmation4   #i4 ,,con/ructiv5ess1 
,,me*anical ,,skill4  ,x requires "s    
little exp]i5ce to tell ! precise spot (
 ?is organ1 x is situat$ 9 ! frontal    
bone above ! sph5o-temporal suture1 b   
its position v>ies ) ! developem5t2 & x 
is some:at cov]$ by ! temporal muscle1 s
 t x is difficult to judge except f     
exp]i5ce4 ,con/ructiv5ess is !          
application ( ! inv5tive faculty1 & s9ce

 necessity is ! "m ( inv5tion1          
,con/ructiv5ess is t tal5t possess$ by  
man = con/ruct+ & fabricat+ :atev] 8    
wants or 8 desires may orig9ate4 ,x is  
?is organ t is ex]cis$ by ! ar*itect1 ! 
pa9t] & ! poet 9 ref9$ life1 by !       
artisan ( humble life1 by ! beav] 9 _!  
huts1 birds 9 _! ne/s & ev5 spid]s 9 _! 
webs3 x is a mo/ valuable faculty3 & to 
x we are indebt$ = ! ability to c>ry out
 :at ! m]e intellectual faculties h     
conceiv$3 x dep5ds = its value ^u !     
organs :]e) x is associat$1 ) language &
 ,ideality1 x gives poetical ability2 ) 
=m1 ! art ( sculpture2 or ) col\r1      
pa9t+--:]e ! organ is 9 excess x        
det]m9es to ,,abuse2 su* z1 ! attempt+  
to d :at an acqua9tance ) philosophy    
w\ld prove impossible2 ! con/ruction (  
+5i\s1 b useless or ev5 mis*iev\s       
articles2 ! application ( con/ructive   
ability 9 imitat+ valuables = base      
purposes2 ?r[+ away great lab\r on      
articles ( curiosity1 & innum]able o!r  
ways 9 :i* mis-application ( ability is 

productive ( injury3 x %\ld be rememb]$ 
t ability 9 any way is a tal5t1 = u to  
improve aga9/ ! "t :5 our ,"l comes to  
require x ( u1 & we %\ld rememb] t      
misapplication w be a m s]i\s fault1 ?an
 t ( ! s]vant :o hid 8 "l's tal5t 9 a   
napk91 or ( him :o buri$ x 9 ! gr\nd4   
#aj4 ,,acquisitiv5ess4  ,?is organ is   
situat$ at ! inf]ior range ( ! p>ietal  
bone4 ,! faculty ( ! m9d is a t5d5cy to 
acquire :atev] is reg>d$ valuable & :e!r
 ri*es or le>n+ or articles ( v]tu be ! 
object ( acquisition1 !re appe>s to be  
little d\bt1 t su* a faculty is natural 
to ! nature ( man4 ,al?\gh su* an       
in/9ctive desire pres5ts ! aspect (     
meanness we mu/ 9 "s measure look at its
 effects2 :at w\ld ,engl& or any        
civiliz$ c\ntry be1 if !re _h nev] be5 a
 desire = /or+ up ! products ( intellect
 & philosophy1--& ! weal? t enables     
,engl& to s5d out millions 9 spread+ !  
^w ( ,god ov] a b5ight$ & b>b>\s        
_w8--,if indu/ry 7 to be limit$ by      
pres5t wants1 man w\ld always cont9ue ! 

creature ( m]e impulse2 x is ! faculty (
 acquisitiv5ess t directs a sy/ematic   
aim at supply+ ! com=ts & elegancies (  
life1 & to ?is1 accumulation is         
necess>y3 :5 h[ev] ! pursuit ( weal?    
becomes ! *ief bus9ess ( life ! moral   
s5tim5ts are dead5$1 ! intellect & !    
nobl] faculties ( ! m9d become engross$ 
9 a debas+ pursuit1 ! sympa?y t         
*>act]izes a true *ri/ian is lo/ sight  
(4 ,to provide = imm$iate wants (       
ourselves & ^? dep5dant ^u u1 to furni% 
! means ( "s repose = ! body s z to     
enable ! m9d to enjoy cultivation1 & to 
provide = ! education ( (fspr+3--to give
 a natural t5d5cy = le>n+1 = religi\s   
in/ruction1 or ! acquisition ( t k :i*  
is p[]1 may be set d[n z ! prop] objects
 ( ?is faculty3 :]e ! faculty (         
acquisitiv5ess is unduly ex]cis$1 & !   
prop5sity to acquire is n balanc$ by    
v5]ation & consci5ti\sness1 ! "* is (t5 
influ5c$ to di%one/y4 ,9 ,,abuse2 a     
mis]ly ho>d+ & total neglect ( *>ity is 
evid5t1 covet\sness :i* ,/ ,paul        

condemns z idolatry1 av>ice &           
selfi%ness1 a total disreg>d ( di/ress1 
( consci5ti\s pr9ciple1 & ( hon\r & duty
 are fir/ & =emo/2--f ?is organ1 ! weak 
fall a prey to ! /rong1 ! poor to !     
av>ice ( ! lov]s ( mammon z !y are      
call$1 t ri*es are valu$ m ?an public   
virtue or private integrity--t ri*es are
 pursu$ to ! total ru9 ( ! l(ti]        
pr9ciples ( human nature1 & to ?is      
pro/itution ( _s & ( s\l is ow+ !       
difficulty ( a ri* man's ent]+ ! k+dom (
 heav54 ,if !re be su* an in/9ctive     
t5d5cy ( ! human m9d1 no bett] advice c 
ev] be (f]$ ?an t ( ! *ri/ian's patt]n  
seek ye fir/ ! k+dom ( ,god & 8         
righte\sness & all o!r ?+s %all be add$ 
unto y4 ,= :at %all x pr(it a man1 if he
 ga9 ! :ole _w1 & lose 8 own s\l8--     
,besides ^! organs ( ! prop5sities1     
phr5ologi/s h imag9$ ! exi/5ce ( a      
peculi> in/9ct t]m$ ,vitativ5ess1 or    
love ( life3 ! fact is probable b       
requires mu* caution & mu* exp]i5ce be=e
 x c be def9itely decid$3 ! exi/5ce ( a 

few isolat$ facts does n necess>ily     
include ! :ole human race z be+ l a few 
individuals1 & !re is great necessity = 
n increas+ ! numb] ( organs )\t due     
confirmation1 because ! simplicity (    
arrangem5t & ! pla9ness ( ! sci5ce is   
!reby di/urb$4 ,( ?is organ ,spurzheim  
says ,i look = ?is organ at ! basis1 :]e
 ! middle & po/]ior lobes ( ! bra9 meet 
ea* o!r1 at ! int]nal bord] (           
,combativ5ess4   ,,division ,,ii4       
,,intellectual ,,& ,,p]ceptive          
,,faculties ,,( ,,! ,,m9d4   #aa4       
,,language4  ,x 0 ow+ to ?is organ1 a   
full prom95t eye1 t ,dr ,gall fir/      
direct$ 8 att5tion to a sci5tific       
inve/igation ( ! faculties ( ! m9d4 vide
 ,page4 #ac  ,a l>ge developem5t is     
indicat$ by ! prom95ce & depression ( ! 
eye1 ?is appe>ance be+ produc$ by       
convolutions ( ! bra9 situat$ 9 !       
po/]ior & transv]se "p ( ! orbit>y      
plate1 press+ d[nw>d & outw>d 9         
proportion to its convolutions4 ,a full 
developem5t ( ?is organ indicates a     

faculty = ! acquisition & employm5t (   
words1 or artificial signs1 express+ our
 ideas2 ! mean+ ( ! signs mu/ be det]m9$
 by o!r faculties1 exactly z =ce or p[] 
( any k9d requires to be guid$ &        
direct$3 f ?is reason may orig9ate ! v  
diff]5t significations giv5 to ! same   
ab/ract ^w1 a diff]5t organization      
produc+ a diff]5ce 9 ! mean+ atta*$ to x
 9 spite ( e ef=t to give an accurate   
def9ition2 ?is w be self evid5t1 if we  
m]ely quote ! ?ree lead+ features (     
,*ri/ianity1 ,fai?1 ,hope1 & ,*>ity1 &  
ref] to diff]5t degrees ( moral &       
intellectual elevation or turpitude1 = !
 vague1 unsatisfactory1 & degrad$ mean+ 
t we f9d frequ5tly atta*$ to !m4 ,p]sons
 ) a l>ge end[m5t ( ?is faculty1 ab\nd 9
 words2 9 conv]sation !y p\r =? )       
volubility1 b :5 excit$ !y p\r =? a     
torr5t2 ?is %\ld be mod]at$ by good     
s5se1 & appropriate language r ?an      
v]bosity w be employ$ 9 _! speak+ ef=ts 
z well z 9 _! writ+s3 :5 ! organ is     
defici5t1 ! individual wants a comm& (  

expression1 he writes & speaks ) great  
pov]ty ( /yle1 & :5 possess$ ( ideas is 
unable to clo! !m 9 elegant or ev5      
appropriate language4 ,! tal5t =1 or    
facility ( le>n+ =eign languages        
orig9ates 9 ! same faculty1 tak5        
connect$ly ) ! m5tal capacity = ent]+   
into ! /yle & comb9ations ( o!r         
c\ntries4 ,"s individuals 9 :om ! organ 
is l>ge d n necess>ily possess a ready  
memory1 :i* usually occurs :5 ! faculty 
t appreh5ds ! primitive idea 7( :i*     
words only pron\nce ! "n7 is m ?an      
ord9>ily small4 ,! organ abus$ g5]ally  
makes a spee*ifi] ( small wor?1 a talk] 
= ! m]e sake ( talk+1 :o frequ5tly loses
 sight ( reason & subject z well z 8 own
 good s5se4--,its be/ use is a felicity 
( diction 9 describ+ ! s5tim5ts &       
op9ions ( ! individual s t !y may be    
exactly compreh5d$ by o!rs4   #ab4 ,,=m4
  ,?is organ is situat$ 9 ! corn] ( !   
eye next ! nose1 & :5 l>ge !re is a     
consid]able bread? across ! nose at t   
place3 its *ief use is 9 ! accurate k ( 

=m1 :e!r ( p]sons or objects1 & disposes
 ! m9d to give a def9ite =m to objects  
ev5 :5 unse53 x is to ?is ! acute       
obs]vation ( objects1 by :i* means we   
comp>e !m "o ) ano!r1 or p]sonal id5tity
 aft] abs5ce & probable *ange 9 ! =m (  
features3 to ?is organ _m di/+ui%$      
sculptors & ar*itects owe mu* ( _!      
excell5ce1 z its necess>y action 9      
connection ) o!r organs w\ld be to      
express an accuracy ( outl9e3 x is to an
 excessive use ( ?is organ t pa9t]s /udy
 correctness ( =m 9 draw+1 & neglect    
col\r+2 useful to ar*itects = ?is       
reason4   #ac4 ,,size4  ,! organ ( size 
is situat$ at ! corn] ( ! eyebr[1 next  
to individuality1 & appe>s to influ5ce !
 capability ( ! eye & m9d 9 its motions 
( dim5sion3 in/ances are kn[n :]e p]sons
 defici5t 9 ?is faculty h be5 unable to 
manage p]spective 9 draw+s1 or ev5 to   
copy ! pla9e/ figure )\t error 9 ! size3
 o!rs on ! contr>y measure size by ! eye
 almo/ z accurately z by a rule1 & are  
especially accurate 9 judg+ ab\t        

dim5sions--! organ is necess>y = "s     
pr(essions1 b n ( great g5]al           
importance4   #ad4 ,,weight4  ,?is      
faculty l ! prec$+1 is %ewn only 9      
p>ticul> p]sons3 ! abs5ce ( x is r>ely  
notic$1 & ! pres5ce ( x q unse5 except 9
 "s p>ticul> walks ( life4 ,x gives a   
p[] ( measur+1 & compreh5d+ ! resi/ance 
( bodies to =ces appli$ to !m1 is useful
 9 philosophic enquiry1 eng9e]+1        
ar*itecture c4   #ae4 ,,col\r+4  ,!     
s5sation ( col\r on ! eye is v diff]5t 9
 diff]5t p]sons2 _m p]sons hav+ an acute
 s5se ( vision readily p]ceive !        
qualities ( objects b are incapable (   
judg+ ab\t ! agreem5t or disagreem5t (  
p>ticul> col\rs1 & :5 ! faculty is small
 !y conf\nd !m & are incapable ( p]ceiv+
 _! effect4 ,:5 prom95t ! individual    
possesses a ta/e = gaudy col\rs1 c>eless
 ab\t _! arrangem5t or h>mony ) o!rs4 ,x
 is situat$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! eyebr[ giv+ x 
a prom95t aspect su* z may be witness$ 9
 ! portraits ( ,titian1 ,rub5s1 & _m    
celebrat$ arti/s3 ,! organ ( col\r well 

develop$ gives h>mony & excell5ce 9     
col\r+ & is useful to botani/s1 dy]s1   
m]c]s1 & all arti/s3 ,t ! faculty is    
abus$1 or r want+ may be witness$ by !  
numb]less facts t we meet ) con/antly1  
:]e p dress 9 gaudy col\rs & appe> q    
reg>dless ( _! be+ suitable or o!rwise4 
#af4 ,,space4  ,?is h>dly appe>s a      
positive faculty1 we h notic$ x f its   
be+ m5tion$ by phr5ologi/s2 x appe>s to 
be ( a simil> k9d to =m1 size1 & weight1
 all ( :i* organs are connect$ ) ! organ
 ( vision2 ! p]sons :o h ! organ well   
develop$ are p]sons ( wide views 9 e ?+1
 !y are enraptur$ ) ext5sive prospects1 
m\nta9s1 & e ?+ ( a l>ge size--if prov$ 
to exi/1 su* a faculty w\ld be valuable 
to pa9t]s4   #ag4 ,,ord]4  ,! t5d5cy (  
?is faculty is to produce a love ( ord] 
& arrangem5t 9 e ?+2 !y are di/ress$ by 
confusion1 & are highly pleas$ ) a      
regul> arrangem5t ( _! furniture1 books 
& o!r prop]ty4 ,! organ is locat$ 9 !   
sup]cili>y ridge1 & f its g5]al small   
developem5t1 mu* fact is /ill necess>y  

be=e ! organ & its value c be def9itely 
det]m9$3 !re is c]ta9ly well m>k$ 9 "s  
p]sons1 a love ( ord]1 & 9 o!rs a       
c>elessness to disord]1 ! "o (t5        
deg5]at+ into precision 9 trifles t     
produces great discom=t to o!r p]sons1 !
 latt] (t5 induc+ a disreg>d ( necess>y 
c>e & att5tion3 ! m$ium is to be s\ght =
 by all :o detect ei!r 9 _! own "*4     
#ah4 ,,numb]4  ,! organ ( ! faculty (   
,,numb] is situat$ above & outside !    
ext]nal angle ( ! eye1 a little bel[ !  
ext]nal angle ( ! frontal bone4 ,!      
special function seems to be calculation
 9 g5]al3 x does n seem to ext5d to any 
faculty ( computation beyond t ( numb]s1
 al?\gh f ! tact t x associates ) x1 x  
facilitates ! /udy ( ma!matics4 ,_m     
in/ances are adduc$ ( its l>ge size 9   
good calculators1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,george  
,bidd]1 ! calculat+ boy4 ,?is organ1 l !
 o!r p]ceptives requires cultivation4   
#ai4 ,,tune4  ,! organ ( ,,tune be>s !  
same relation to ! e>s t ! organ (      
,col\r+ does to ! eyes4 ,a l>ge         

developem5t ( ! organ enl>ges ! lat]al  
p>ts ( ! =ehead1 & great practice is    
always necess>y be=e ! organ c be       
successfully obs]v$3 b if two p]sons are
 plac$ toge!r1 ! "o hav+ x l>gely1 ! o!r
 smally develop$1 ! sup]ior "o w be     
p]ceptible at a glance4 ,! faculty gives
 ! p]ception ( melody1 :i* is only "o ( 
! +r$i5ts ( musical tal5t2 ! organs ( ! 
m9d mu/ be well develop$ 9 accordance ) 
?is1 s t ! s\l & expression ( music may 
be felt & appreciat$1 be=e ! organs are 
p]fectly develop$2 ! f+]s inde$ may be  
tra9$ to great exp]tness1 b x is only ! 
real lov] ( h>moni\s s\nds :o devotes   
all 8 p[]s to its cultivation t c arrive
 at any ?+ l p]fect skill4 ,z a natural 
faculty ( nature1 ?is organ is          
p>ticul>ly pleas+ 9 calm+ ! passions1 & 
produc+ pleasure by means p]fectly      
innoc5t4 ,p]sons _c obta9 a sci5tific k 
( music 9 :om ! organ is defici5t1 & :5 
abus$ z ?is faculty (t5 is1 x %\ld be   
rememb]$ t ! l9e betwe5 pleasure & pa9  
is s indef9ite1 t :]e "o t]m9ates ! o!r 

beg9s2--music c>ri$ beyond an agreeable 
pit*1 leads ! possessor into society1 & 
too frequ5tly into pleasures m en]vat+ &
 s5sual--^! are to be dread$1 & !       
musician %\ld rememb] t z ! noble/      
employm5t ( 8 faculty is to ,praise ,god
 9 ! highe/1--s1 no?+ c be m debas+ ?an 
! pro/itution ( x to unwor?y purposes4  
#bj4 ,,"t4  ,! organ ( ,,"t seems to be 
relat$ to t ( ord] 9 its effects1 x is  
ess5tial to music & v]sification1 =m "s 
s\rce ( pleasure 9 danc+1 & seems to    
give a p[] ( judg+ "t & int]vals (      
duration 9 g5]al4 ,! value ( "t r5d]s   
?is faculty m ?an usually necess>y2 x   
leads to a "r e/imation ( punctuality z 
well z punctuality 9 engagem5ts3 p]sons 
) ! organ l>ge are fev]$ by delay1 !y   
become irritat$ ab\t trifles ( "t t !y  
may be kept wait+ by o!rs & ?us incur a 
*>ge ( bad temp]4 ,! organ is especially
 useful 9 p]sons /udy+ hi/ory z x t5ds  
to give a faculty ( rememb]+ dates & o!r
 p]iods ( "t1 ! succession ( ev5ts1 c4  
#ba4 ,,locality4  ,dr4 ,gall 0 l$ to    

inf] ! position ( ?is organ f witness+ !
 memory ( p>ticul> p]sons 9 _! relation 
( places !y _h visit$1 & ! /rong        
impression made ^u !m by surr\nd+       
objects1 s t he reg>d$ ?is to be a      
primitive faculty4 ,spurzheim says1 !   
special faculty ( ?is organ & ! sph]e ( 
its activity1 rema9s to be det]m9$4 ,x  
makes ! travell]1 geograph] & l&scape   
pa9t]1 recollects localities & gives    
notions ( p]spective4 ,p]sons 9 :om !   
organ is l>ge1 =m vivid & di/9ct        
conceptions ( situations & sc5]y :i* !y 
h se5 or he>d describ$1 & h great p[] 9 
recall+ su* conceptions4--,! organ is   
l>ge 9 all em95t navigators & travell]s1
 also 9 great a/ronom]s & geograph]s4   
,p]sons :o h ?is organ l>ge1 are        
passionately fond ( travell+3 & :]e     
firmness is small1 x influ5ces to       
re/lessness1 & love ( *ange2 to physical
 pleasure z a gratification ( ?is organ1
 9 ! neglect ( o!r duties1 & ?us (t5    
ex]ts a baneful influ5ce on ! m9d :5    
all[$ to op]ate )\t control4   #bb4     

,,individuality4  ,! t5d5cy ( ?is organ 
is1 ! exam9ation ( fact z ! only        
f\ndation ( tru?2 x is situat$ 9 !      
middle ( ! l[] "p ( ! =ehead1 imm$iately
 above ! top ( ! nose1 x produces bread?
 & projection betwe5 ! eyebr[s4 ,?is    
faculty r5d]s u obs]vant ( outw>d       
objects1 & gives a desire to "k1 & to   
exam9e2 x prompts to obs]vation & g5]al 
in=mation1 & is necess>y = ! acquisition
 ( facts z a basis ( sci5ce4 ,spurzheim 
says1 ,p]sons end[$ ) ?is faculty 9 a   
high degree are att5tive to all t happ5s
 ar\nd !m1 to e object1 to e ph5om5on1  
to e fact3 x desires to "k all by       
exp]i5ce1 & consequ5tly puts e o!r organ
 into action3 is fond ( in/ruction1     
collects facts1 & leads to practical    
k4--,to ! influ5ce ( ?is organ we may   
trace ! k ( individuals by animals1 &   
ev5 wild bea/s 9 :i* ?is organ is l>ge  
may be tam$ to ! w ( a keep]4 ,x puts   
into active ex]tion ! p]ceptive         
faculties r\nd ! eyebr[1 & ?us influ5ces
 ! quality ( ! faculty 7language7 :i*   

lies 9 t portion ( bra92 s t a p]son )  
?is organ l>ge1 & language small1 w say 
b a few words & ^? to ! purpose1 or )   
individuality small & language l>ge1 he 
w utt] t5 ?\s& neatly turn$ s5t5ces ( ! 
meane/ commonplace1 alike de/itute (    
in=mation or sci5ce4 ,p]sons 9 :om !    
organ is l>ge1 are alive to e ?+ t      
passes ar\nd !m1 !y look at facts &     
ev5ts1 leav+ x to o!rs to reason ^u !m1 
& _m great discov]ies h be5 made by     
p]sons ) ?is organ l>ge :o h n be5      
celebrat$ = _! p[]s ( reason+4 ,:5 !    
organ is small1 ! individual fails to   
obs]ve ?+s t are go+ on ar\nd him1 he w 
walk 9 ! /reets1 or ! c\ntry & see or r 
obs]ve lit]ally no?+2 he may visit a    
h\se )\t obs]v+ any "o object beyond !  
imm$iate purpose ( 8 visit4  ,,abuses4  
,?is organ is (t5 employ$ 9 ! affairs ( 
o!r p1 9 petty k t t5ds to no real      
purpose2 a sup]ficiality ( obs]vation t 
leads to errone\s inf]5ces1 & :5 l>gely 
develop$ ) ! reflective & philosophic   
faculties1 x leads to peculi>ity (      

/udies & pursuits to ! exclusion ( all  
o!rs1 & by break+ ! unity ( le>n+ :i*   
po9ts all ?+s to ,him :o gave1 x is too 
(t5 ! cause1 ( mi/ak5 op9ion or d[nright
 error4   #bc4 ,,ev5tuality4  ,enquires 
into ev5ts & takes notice ( occurr5ces2 
x gives prom95ce1 or a r\nd$ fulness to 
! middle ( ! =ehead4 ,dr4 ,gall compris$
 ?is organ & ! prec$+ "o 9 "o faculty1 b
 x is n[ kn[n t ! "o takes cognizance ( 
objects1 ! o!r ! relation%ip & actions (
 ^? objects4 ,x seems to unite !        
reflectives ) ! p]ceptives1 s t x       
recognizes ! activity ( o!r faculties & 
directs !m to /rict action2 x desires to
 "k by exp]i5ce1 & ?us produces :at is  
t]m$ ! good s5se ( a matt]1 & by        
recogniz+ ! functions ( ! o!r p[]s ( !  
bra9 & ! op]ations ( ! ext]nal s5ses1 x 
r$uces ^? impressions into conceptions1 
ideas & op9ions4--,ev5tuality is %ewn :5
 we review ! pa/ = comp>ison ) ! future1
 x exam9es ! effects ( ,god's gov]nm5t 9
 ! univ]se & br+s home ! tru?s ( !      
gospel to ! he>t ( e "o4 ,ev5tuality is 

! intellectual door to ! ?reefold nature
 ( man direct+ facts to 8 p]ceptive1    
reflective & moral be+1 ?us po9t+ out ! 
tru? ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ! fulfilm5t (      
prophecy1 ! m]cy ( ! ,creator & !       
puni%m5t entail$ ^u s92 )\t ?is faculty 
! m9d acquires a false conception ( ?+s1
 uns\nd op9ions1 & a t5d5cy to !        
doctr9es ( mat]ialism & infidelity f !  
animal r ?an ! intellectual nature be+  
appeal$ to4 ,p]sons di/+ui%$ 9          
pr(essional pursuits h ?is organ l>ge1  
s9ce !y possess read9ess ( obs]vation z 
well z tal5t 9 ! detail1 :]eby previ\sly
 acquir$ k is br\ght to be> ^u pres5t   
em]g5cies2 :]e ! organ is only p>tially 
& imp]fectly develop$1 he w feel great  
difficulty 9 comm&+ 8 k or appeal+ to x 
) any c]ta9ty1 ! organ %\ld !re=e be    
assidu\sly cultivat$4 ,9 ,,abuse x t5ds 
to promote a love ( trifles1 detail$    
ev5ts1 sc&al & abuse1 ! m9ute/ p>ticul>s
 9 pref]5ce to g5]al in=mation &        
individual aggr&izem5t r ?an g5]al good4
   #bd4 ,,comp>ison4  ,! organ (        

comp>ison lies ^u ! upp] & middle       
portion ( ! frontal bone4 ,! aim ( !    
faculty seems to be to =m ab/ract ideas1
 g5]alizations & e/abli% h>mony among ! 
op]ations ( ! o!r faculties2 ?us comp>+ 
& e/abli%+ analogies among ! objects (  
:i* a k has be5 obta9$ by ! p]ceptives3 
& x n only traces real resemblances1 b !
 relations :i* ?+s h to "o ano!r2 p]sons
 ) ?is organ l>ge illu/rate _! ideas by 
similies drawn f o!r objects & ?us r5d] 
!m pla9] to ! und]/&+ ( ano!r p]son1 & !
 comp>isons ?us drawn w be d]iv$ f ^?   
objects :i* mo/ commonly engage !       
att5tion ( ! p]son mak+ !m3 x is g5]ally
 l>ge 9 poets1 ev5 :5 !y write prose2   
#b1ejj similies are f\nd 9 ,moore's     
,life ( ,%]idan2 ^! comp>isons please1  
because !y address !mselves to !        
multitude & produce cle>ness & =ce (    
illu/ration4 ,spurzheim says ( ?is      
organ1 ,9 ord] to p]suade & to affect1 !
 speak] or orator mu/ speak by analogy1 
he mu/ br+ spiritual ?+s close to       
t]re/rial objects & comp>e !m ) ea* o!r2

 ! activity ( ?is faculty is v          
important1 x comp>es ! s5sations & ideas
 ( all ! o!r faculties & po9ts out _!   
diff]5ce1 analogy1 similitude1 or       
id5tity4 ,by comp>ison1 man is enabl$ to
 judge :e!r 8 own life is :at x ought to
 be1 :e!r he has liv$ = "t or = et]nity3
 by comp>ison he is enabl$ to det]m9e h[
 f> 8 life agrees ) ! ,*ri/ian's patt]n1
 kn[+ t z he s[s1 s w he reap2 !        
prop5sities incl9e to evil1 z a necess>y
 sequ5ce to ! fall1 ! moral s5tim5ts    
urge on to good1 a =e%ad[+ (            
immortality1 ! reflectives tea* him h[  
to be good1 h[ to comp>e ! tru? z x is 9
 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 ) 8 own s9ful he>t1 &    
le>n :]e9 he errs4 ,?is is ! prop] &    
%\ld be ! only true aim ( ! ,*ri/ian4 ,9
 ,,abuse ?is faculty frequ5tly leads to 
false reason+ on acc\nt ( ! inactivity (
 ! p]ceptives1 9 exam9+ ! subjects      
comp>$1 x gives a love = similies &     
analogies1 n always c>+ = _!            
applicability1 & unless duly regulat$ by
 ! nobl] in/9cts ( fall5 humanity1 x    

deg5]ates to sophi/ry & a bl9dness to   
error4   #be4 ,,causality4  ,?is organ  
lies imm$iately at ! sides ( ,comp>ison 
& is f\nd l>ge 9 m5 di/+ui%$ = pr(\nd   
metaphysical tal5t4 ,we h %[n h[        
,individuality & ,ev5tuality take       
cognizance ( ?+s evid5t to ! s5ses2     
,causality looks to ! cause ( ! ph5om5a 
obs]v$ by o!r faculties3 x expresses !  
irresi/ible conviction t e ph5om5on &   
*ange ar\nd u emanates f a mighty1 an   
unse51 an ,,et]nal ,,god2 x looks to    
,,him z ! cause ( our joys1 & our       
possessions "h1 z ! omnisci5t & ev]     
m]ciful ,fa!r :o gave 8 ,son to die =   
our transgressions1 x seeks ,him z !    
cause ( our hopes ( ev]la/+ bliss1 & x  
bids u to ackn[l$ge & adore4 ,x is !    
faculty t consid]s ! relation ( cause & 
effect & prompts ! "q1 ,:y8 to :atev] is
 unkn[n1 or imp]fectly und]/ood2 & = ?is
 reason requires to be wat*$ le/ ! matt]
 ( enquiry be plac$ beyond ! limit$     
faculties ( man1 & inf9ite subjects be  
?us reason$ ^u by f9ite capacity4 ,if   

?is organ be 9 unity ) ,v5]ation1       
,consci5ti\sness1 & ,comp>ison1 !       
individual w be ( /eady1 & rational     
,*ri/ian pr9ciples1 b if )\t !m1 impi\s 
d\bts & a!i/ical surmises w t5d to      
require a visible cause = :at mu/ be    
invisible & ! g]m ( error be+ plant$1 x 
may take root & ab\nd to ! ru9 ( nobl] &
 m elevat+ op9ions4 ,9 ,,abuse1 ?is     
organ produces a mania = possibilities1 
d5y+ ! exi/5ce ( causes n evid5t to !   
s5ses1 a disbelief 9 :atev] is          
spiritual1 & a direct influ5ce to       
intellectual pride1 sophi/ry1 & error4  
#bf4 ,,gaiety4  ,! organ ( ,gaiety is   
sometimes call$ ,,wit2 & has be5 def9$  
by ,spurzheim z a s5tim5t :i* disposes  
m5 to view e ?+ 9 a gay1 joyful1 &      
mir?ful mann]2--giv5 to man to r5d] him 
m]ry & gay1--feel+s n to be conf\nd$ )  
satisfaction & cont5tm5t4 ,! faculty    
appe>s to give a *>act]i/ic t5d5cy to   
view e ?+ t occurs 9 a light mann]1     
simply z f> z x gratifies1 & pleases1 n 
9 proportion to its intr9sic value1     

comb9$ ) ! high] faculties1 x produces  
wit1 9 common ev5ts hum\r2 ) ! animal   
prop5sities1 s>casm & satire1 or        
c>icature & excess2 ) language1 punn+ & 
d\ble mean+s1 & 9 all cases x t5ds to a 
levity t is (t5 misplac$4 ,x is situat$ 
betwe5 ,ideality & ,causality at ! upp] 
"p ( ! side ( ! =ehead4 ,9 ,,abuse1 or  
:5 n c\nt]act$ by reason & reflection1 x
 t5ds to sev]ity & satirical rem>ks on !
 fail+s & weaknesses ( o!rs3 a too easy 
reg>d = s9 :5 n positively (f5sive1 a   
love ( pleasure1 (t5 lead+ to vici\s    
excess2 & frequ5tly ! faculty to gratify
 itself1 (f5ds fri5ds by ill tim$ rem>ks
 & a sy/em ( practical jokes4  ,?is     
organ act+ ^u ! intellect leads to      
uns\nd & ha/y judgm5ts1 because ! m9d   
be+ influ5c$ m by ,ideality ?an         
,causality1 7betwe5 :i* two organs      
,gaiety is situat$7 x becomes an enemy  
to self discipl9e1 & /udy1 & leads !    
possess] into a physical love (         
pleasure1 c4--x opposes also ! op]ation 
( ! high] intellectual faculties f its  

close approximation to ! true organ (   
analogy :i* is situat$ betwe5 ! duplex  
organ ( ,causality 9 ! c5tre ( ! =ehead1
 & by a va9 influ5ce on ! imag9ation x  
leads to delusive analogies z reg>ds    
tru?1 ov]com+ ! c>eful /udy ( fact by ! 
p]ceptive faculties & div]t+ ! curr5t ( 
consci\s inquiry by a reg>d = self & its
 pleasures r ?an ! true & correct       
analogies ( tru?4   #bg4 ,,imitation4   
,imitation leads u to imitate :at we see
 des]v+ to be copi$ 9 o!rs1 & ?us lies  
at ! f\ndation ( all art1 because x is  
necess>y to copy be=e any skill c be    
arriv$ at4 ,x is a necess>y +r$i5t 9 !  
"* ( actors1 sculptors1 ar*itects1      
pa9t]s & engrav]s3 x influ5ces ! /yle ( 
! au?or1 ! mann] ( ! poet1 ! correctness
 ( ! dramati/4 ,x is always active 9    
*ildr5 & ?us =ms a natural education 9  
!m1 tak5 f ! p]sons ar\nd !m3 x is = ?is
 reason ess5tially & imp]atively        
necess>y t good models are pres5t$ to   
*ildr5 9 _! y\?2 x gives a tal5t (      
acquir+ ! peculi>ity ( =eign languages2 

& :5 defici5t1 x produces a /iffness &  
uncom=table mann]ism t causes a p]son to
 appe> l a fi% out ( wat]4 ,x may be    
misus$ by be+ employ$ = mimicry &       
buffoon]y especially = defects--9 vice  
?is is ! real facilis desc5sus          
av]ni1--,! situation ( ! faculty on ei!r
 side ( ,b5evol5ce1 & above ! reflective
 faculties tea*es ! prop] use (         
,imitation2 to copy :at is good & above 
all ! prom95t features ( our ,"l's "*1  
*>ity & univ]sal love4   #bh4 ,,caution4
  ,caution t5ds naturally to            
circumspection1 & x produces a cauti\s &
 consid]ate disposition ( m9d2 p]sons s 
organiz$ are cont9ually on _! gu>d1 !y  
look =w>d f fe> ( :at may happ5 & are   
anxi\s to anticipate e occur5ce1 !y ask 
advice1 take op9ions & are /ill         
undecid$2 ?us x produces d\bt1          
irresolution1 & wav]+1 :i* prev5ts      
vigor\s & decisive conduct3 :5 ! organ  
is defici5t 9 mature age1 ! individual  
is ra% & precipitate1 nev] appreh5sive (
 ! results ( 8 conduct & ?us he adopts  

ra% resolutions & ent]s on haz>d\s      
ent]prizes )\t =esee+ :at mu/ necess>ily
 foll[3 to a due influ5ce ( ?is faculty 
we may trace ! moral virtue t regulates 
! impulses ( passion--looks to ! future1
 & keeps ! end ( all ?+s /eadily 9 view4
 ,9 ,,abuse ! faculty occasions fe> &   
anxiety ( ! future1 timid & despond+    
s5tim5ts2 no reliance ^u ,provid5ce1 too
 mu* ?\ght ab\t ! morr[1 =gett+ t       
suffici5t = ! day is ! evil !re(--,let a
 wise man1 ,fe> ,god & h no o!r fe>1 =  
?is w lead him to be cauti\s aga9/      
(f5ces aga9/ ,him1 & if a man keeps ?is 
/eadily 9 view1 he w nev] violate ! laws
 ( man4   #bi4 ,,temp]ance4  ,temp]ance 
is alli$ to caution1 x is to ! animal   
portion ( man :at caution is to !       
intellectual3 its exi/5ce is id5tifi$ ) 
! prec$+ organ by _m phr5ologi/s1 &     
probably ! developem5t ( t organ1 z x is
 clos] too1 & m active ^u ! animal      
passions may be co9cid5t ) ?is4 ,9 ?is  
way ,temp]ance t5ds to pres5t z         
cauti\sness to future prud5ce1 x gives  

m9d ! ma/]y ov] matt]1 ov]comes         
,combativ5ess & ! l[] feel+s1 & tea*es  
temp]ance 9 all ?+s3 c>ri$ into an      
errone\s action x produces meanness &   
almo/ av>ici\sness2 ! wise man ^: animal
 nature pr$om9ates w le>n ! diff]5ce    
betwe5 use1 & abuse1 by ex]cis+         
,temp]ance n by ! abuse ( ! goodness &  
gifts ( 8 ,creator4   #cj4              
,,consci5ti\sness4  ,locat$ betwe5      
,cauti\sness & ,firmness4 ,?is faculty  
produces a feel+ ( duty1 a desire (     
ju/ice1 & a love ( tru?2 x is ! organ t 
leads m5 to d z !y w\ld be done unto1 & 
is ! mo/ elevat$ pr9ciple ( human       
action3 ! faculty does n det]m9e :at is 
j or unju/1 b causes a desire to d      
:atev] ! reflective faculties det]m9e to
 be "r & becom+4 ,x is a portion ( !    
organization t _c be too mu* cultivat$1 
z x is ( ! highe/ importance 9 guid+ &  
direct+1 regulat+ & controll+ ! actions 
( ! o!r faculties3 x leads to a         
conviction ( individual error1 & ! tru? 
:5 ass]t$ by o!rs3 x influ5ces ! :ole   

be+ to ex]cise prud5ce1 temp]ance &     
=titude1 9 opposition to ! bas] desires 
( ! prop5sities2 x t5ds to ov]come !    
en]gy ( passion1 to regulate & direct ! 
affections1 to root out prejudice1 &    
give ! s5se ( moral rectitude1 t        
supports an hone/ man "u di/ress &      
affliction3 :5 ! s5tim5t is n well      
develop$1 ! ideas ( "r & wrong are weak1
 & inju/ice if 9 accordance ) int]e/ or 
incl9ation easily committ$2 & :5 ! l[]  
prop5sities are active1 an individual ) 
?is organ small1 w call t ju/ice1 :i* a 
p]son diff]5tly organiz$ w\ld at once   
condemn2 ^! are !y ( :om ! apo/les      
spoke1 ,unto ! pure all ?+s are pure3 b 
unto !m t are defil$ & unbeliev+1 !re is
 no?+ pure3 b ev5 _! m9d & consci5ce is 
defil$3 remorse & rep5tance spr+ f ?is  
faculty3 x %\ld h[ev] be ex]t$ be=e1 n  
aft] an action--nei!r %\ld x desc5d into
 immod]ate p]sonal *a/isem5t2 = no      
puni%m5t ( ! body c wa% out s9 f ! s\l2 
! s5tim5t w nev] be abus$ if x be       
direct$ to pres]ve ! consci5ce1 void (  

(f5ce4   #ca4 ,,firmness4  ,firmness1 is
 a t5d5cy to p]si/ 9 conduct1 op9ion1 & 
purpose3 ! imm$iate emotion is t]m$     
,resolution4 ,! organ is situat$ at !   
po/]ior "p ( ! coronal region1 close ^u 
! middle l9e4 ,?is faculty seems to be> 
no relation to ext]nal objects1 its     
influ5ce adds a p>ticul> quality to o!r 
manife/ations3 :atev] may be ! pr$om9ant
 pursuit x seems to give p]sev]ance 9 t 
pursuit2 x contributes greatly to !     
success ( an individual 9 a p>ticul>    
object1 z he keeps /eadily 9 "o c\rse4  
,a p]son )\t ! faculty may manife/ equal
 desire1 b w1 p]haps1 try a doz5 me?ods 
( success )\t foll[+ out any "o1 ?us    
=titude & pati5ce are ! results ( ?is   
organization3 :5 duly ex]cis$1 x gives  
/ability ( "*2 a p]son :o is n l$ by !  
accid5t ( ! mom5t1 b "o :o aims at      
p]fection1 & duly keeps to ! high road  
to arrive !re3 :5 comb9$ )              
consci5ti\sness x gives moral c\rage1   
supports ! m>tyr at ! /ake1 & enables a 
man to g on ?r\gh evil report & good    

report )\t turn+ to ! "r h& or ! left3  
)\t ?is end[m5t1 ! mo/ spl5did tal5ts   
are ?r[n away1 z !y nev] rea* ! summit (
 :at is good1 because l ,reub51 un/able 
z wat] !y _c excel4--,9 ,,abuse ?is     
faculty leads to ob/9acy1 /ubbornness1  
infatuation 9 evil c\rses1 or a con/ant 
aim at :at is good1 )\t p]sev]ance to   
arrive at x4   #cb4 ,,ideality4  ,!     
op]ation ( ?is faculty is beautifully   
describ$ by ,%akspe>e2--    ,! poet's   
eye 9 a f9e fr5zy roll+1   ,do? glance f
 heav5 to e>?1 f e>? to heav51   ,& z   
imag9ation bodies =?   ,! =ms ( ?+s     
unkn[n1 ! poet's p5   ,turns !m to      
%apes1 & gives to airy no?+   ,a local  
habitation & a "n4  ,! organ is situat$ 
ne>ly on ! temporal ridge ( ! frontal   
bone4 ,gall call$ x1 ! organ ( poetry1  
because 9 e k9d ( poetry ! s5tim5ts are 
exalt$1 ! expressions w>m2 & !re mu/ be 
rapture1 inspiration1 :at is commonly   
call$ imag9ation or fancy4 ,x is ?is    
faculty t produces ! aspiration aft]    
p]fection1 x aims at end[+ e object ) ! 

highe/ degree ( p]fection :i* x is      
capable ( assum+1 & is ?us v valuable to
 man 9 8 progressive *anges t[>ds a m   
virtu\s & p]fect exi/5ce4 ,x gives a    
peculi> t+e to o!r faculties1 mak+ !m   
aspire to exquisit5ess1 ?us giv+ an     
expansion to ! m5tal p[]s1 :i* c>ries   
onw>ds1 =w>ds1 & upw>ds1 makes !m aim to
 be happy & =m s*emes = its atta9m5t3 x 
gives a ke5] reli% to o!r faculties1 9  
%ort1 its op]ation is intellectually    
ennobl+4 ,9 ,,abuse x produces a f9ical 
& sickly ref9em5t1 fanciful op9ions1    
love ( %[ m ?an utility2 x leads to     
novel read+1 extravagant notions1 & ?is 
gives a fictiti\s & un/eady "*1 unfitt$ 
= ! sev]] walks ( life4   #cc4 ,,wond]4 
,?is organ is situat$ imm$iately above  
,ideality2 & ! faculty gives fai? 9     
spiritual ag5cy1 9 :at is beyond ! sph]e
 ( human vision1 & :i* nev]!less        
requires to be believ$2 x inspires a    
love ( ! m>vell\s1 ! wond]ful1 ! gr&2 a 
seek+ = extraord9>y ev5ts ev5 9 ! mo/   
unlikely conc]ns1 & a t++ ( common-place

 ) ! emotions ( sup]/ition & romance4 ,9
 ! end ( man's tyranny1 ,god prophesies 
?r\gh ! m\? ( ,isaiah t he w make all m5
 drunk ) ! w9e ( a/oni%m5t4 ,9 ,,abuse1 
?is faculty leads into mu* error1 x     
inspires a love ( :at is novel &        
m>vell\s1 a t5d5cy to believe 9 magic1  
wit*craft1 & o!r unlawful & un*ri/ian   
arts1 & :5 uncontroll$ by ! high]       
s5tim5ts1 to ! pursuit ( occult         
subjects2 :5 unit$ ) ! moral s5tim5ts & 
due p]ception & reflection1 x se>*es    
deep into ! tru?1 te/s spiritual causes 
& prophecies by rese>* & belief1        
consid]+ t no?+ is impossible to ,god & 
t ,8 goodness is suffici5t = all4   #cd4
 ,,fai? ,,or ,,v5]ation4  ,situat$ 9 !  
middle ( ! coronal region ( ! bra92     
gives an innate disposition to religi\s 
tru?2 a v5]ation = ?+s sacr$2 belief 9 !
 ^w ( ,god1 & hope 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus2 x is 
?is innate pr9ciple t bids ! savage b[  
d[n to /ocks & /ones1 to grav5 idols1 & 
! works ( 8 own h&s2 x is ?is t inspires
 ! mission>ies ( ,god's ^w1 & leads o!rs

 to be/[ _! weal? 9 fur!r+ ! good cause2
 & to pray = ! "t :5 ! k ( ! ,"l %all   
cov] ! e>?1 z ! wat]s cov] ! sea2 :5    
abus$1 ?is organ leads to sup]/ition1 an
 undue rev]5ce = ! mat]ial portion (    
,*ri/ianity1 to ! depreciation ( !      
spiritual1 ?us produc+ fanaticism1 fe>1 
& my/]y2 ?is organ requires to be guid$ 
by consci5ti\sness1 & ! light ( ,god's  
^w1 z ! only true guide to religion1 z  
compos$ ( its elem5ts1 ,fai?1 ,hope &   
,*>ity4   #ce4 ,,hope4  ,! organ ( ,hope
 lies on ea* side ( ,v5]ation2 ! m5tal  
faculty be+ altoge!r diff]5t f desire1  
l$ phr5ologi/s to seek = a primitive    
organ1 & ?us ! faculty has be5 id5tifi$ 
) ?is portion ( ! bra94 ,9 well =m$     
*>act]s1 ?is faculty leads to sangu9e   
expectation 9 ! goodness ( ,god1 x      
produces ! bless$ hope ( ev]la/+ life1 !
 p]fect love t ca/e? out fe>1 ?r\gh hope
 & belief 9 ,*ri/2 x gives confid5ce 9  
all und]tak+s comm5c$ & c>ri$ on 9 a    
,*ri/ian _s2 x is ! true /aff ( moral & 
relig\s c\rage1 buoy+ up ! s\l amid !   

d>ke/ t]rors ( di/ress or desolation4   
,hope supports ,fai?1 & p]fects ,*>ity1 
s9ce )\t x1 ! religion ( man w\ld be    
d>k1 gloomy1 & despond+2 9 abuse1 !     
faculty is direct$ to hopes ( ?is _w    
only2 x creates too sangu9e             
expectations1 lead+ to disappo9tm5t t is
 (t5 ! bitt] b :olesome fruit (         
exp]i5ce2 x (t5 leads to va9 & fooli%   
speculations1 & sometimes to want (     
ex]tion f a hope ( good happ5+2 hope    
def]r$ make? ! he>t sick4 ,:5 9 unity ) 
fai?1 b5evol5ce1 & ! high] s5tim5ts1 x  
is productive ( ,!osophy1 ! k ( ,god f 8
 works ( love1 & by a w>m hope ( ev]la/+
 life1 leads m5 to subdue ! lu/s ( !    
fle%1 to be humble 9 _! own wisdom1 & to
 hope = ! accompli%m5t ( ! great        
promise1 to be heirs ( glory1 & jo9t    
heirs ) ,jesus ,*ri/4   #cf4            
,,b5evol5ce4  ,b5evol5ce is ! noble/    
s5tim5t t man is enabl$ fully to        
ex]cise3 x is 9 ! coronal bone1 c5tral &
 imm$iately be=e ! fontanel1 x produces 
! g5]\s & =giv+ ,*ri/ian1 & ! faculty is

 always delight$ 9 do+ good1 & 9 m9i/]+ 
to ! happ9ess ( o!rs2 x compassionates  
di/ress1 communicat+ a w>m? ( g5]\s     
feel+ t ov]comes acquisitiv5ess &       
selfi%ness3 x disposes to mildness (    
disposition1 g5]al k9dness1 *>ity1      
sympa?y & love2 x is ! f\ndation (      
,*ri/ian *>ity & t5ds to relieve ! wants
 & necessities ( o!rs4 ,! high] s5tim5t 
is t ( *>ity to ! weaknesses ( o!rs1 & a
 due reg>d to _! op9ions & errors2 if   
too freely ex]cis$ x becomes abus$ t is1
 x incl9es to g5]\s extravagance1 &     
alms-giv+ )\t reg>d to necessity 9 !    
object2 x may ?us be us$ to effect      
inju/ice to o!rs1 & al?\gh "o ( ! noble/
 virtues ( ! human "* x is useless      
unless ex]cis$ 9 a "r way3 = z ,/4 ,paul
 says--?\gh ,i give all my goods to fe$ 
! poor1 & my body to be burn$1 & h n    
,*>ity1 x pr(ite? me no?+4   #cg4 ,,self
 ,,e/eem4  ,self ,e/eem rightly ex]cis$ 
conf]s self respect1 a due reg>d to rank
 or /ation1 & induces confid5ce 9 "o's  
own abilities2 ! organ is plac$ j at !  

top or cr[n ( ! head4 ,:5 ex]cis$ 9 a "r
 way1 x imp>ts a degree (               
self-satisfaction1 & enables u to apply 
our p[]s to ! be/ advantage 9 :atev]    
/ation we are plac$2 x leads to self    
e/eem1 s t ! individual contemns e      
action t is base & unwor?y ( an exalt$  
m9d2 x re/ra9s f =m+ improp]            
connections1 & ?is too :5 ! moral       
qualities are n suffici5t4 ,:5 ! organ  
is too small1 ! individual is ba%ful1   
has no reliance on himself1 & f rat+ 8  
abilities too l[1 gets !m rat$ less4 ,:5
 l>ge1 x produces egotism1 pride1       
hauteur1 & self conceit4 ,comb9$ ) good 
moral s5tim5ts1 x is a valuable organ4  
,9 ,,abuse x t5ds to self-love1 self-w1 
& un*>itabl5ess2 & t[>ds o!rs contempt1 
disda91 & tyranny2 x is a mortal enemy  
to ,*ri/ian love & peace4   #ch4 ,,love 
,,( ,,approbation4  ,?is faculty reg>ds 
! op9ion t o!r p]sons =m ( u3 ! organ is
 situat$ on ea* side ( ,self e/eem ab\t 
half an in* f ! lambdoidal suture3 x    
produces ! desire ( approbation1        

admiration1 praise & fame3 x r5d]s u    
anxi\s to please ^? ^: approval we      
e/eem1 & to excel 9 :atev] pursuit our  
associates admire4 ,if well balanc$ by  
consci5ti\sness & v5]ation1 x seeks !   
approval ( ! ,great ,judge ( all ?+s1 by
 becom+ wor?y ( et]nal life3 a due      
end[m5t is indisp5sable to an amiable   
"*4 ,9 ,,abuse x t5ds to vanity1 a ?ir/ 
= praise & flatt]y1 a dread ( ! _w's    
op9ion1 & a too easy giv+ way to ! ways 
( ! _w to obta9 ! applause ( !          
wor?less2--! faculty is cultivat$ by !  
sy/em ( rew>ds = m]it (f]$ 9 y\?1--x is 
n (t5 ! ab/ract value ( ! object s mu* z
 ! approbation ( ^? :o "k u4 ,?is organ 
causes ba%fulness or ,mauvaise ,honte1 &
 produces ! fe> ( do+ wrong1 :i* x (t5  
orig9ates by ov] anxiety to d well2 x   
requires to be closely wat*$1 z x leads 
to envy1 "o ( ! mo/ subtle & dang]\s    
passions1 t afflict man 9 8 fall5 /ate2 
x /irs up ! animal prop5sities & ! e>?ly
 affections1 ov]com+ ! sup]ior s5tim5ts2
 ! man :o endeav\rs to seek ! applause (

 o!rs %\ld rememb] t 8 ,r$eem] said1 ,& 
:osoev] ( y be ! *ief1 let him be !     
s]vant ( all4 ,! faculty requires to be 
cultivat$ & regulat$ by consci5ti\sness1
 guid$ by ! und]/&+ to seek ! applause (
 ! good1 & influ5c$ by ! _s to seek !   
applause t is all 9 all to ! *ri/ian1   
,well done ?\ good & fai?ful s]vant1    
ent] ?\ into ! joy ( ?y ,"l4   #ci4     
,,sophi/ry4  ,?is organ1 call$ by !     
,fr5* au?ors1 ,ott91 ,tete              
,philosophie1--is situat$ on ! top ( !  
=ehead above ,comp>ison & causality1 &  
gives an int5se love ( philosophy &     
metaphysical rese>*3 :5 well support$ by
 ! moral s5tim5ts & p]ceptive faculties1
 x gives a great p[] ( reason+ well1 b  
if ! p]ceptives are defici5t1 x gives a 
love ( !ory )\t suffici5t reg>d to      
facts1 s t ! process ( induction is lo/ 
sight (3 its greate/ abuse causes !     
light ( wisdom1 :i* is ,tru?1 to be     
d>k5$ by spiritual delusion or wilful   
p]v]sion ( revelation3 or x produces    
intellectual sophi/ry1 :i* t5ds to      

support p>ty prejudices1 & clo! error 9 
! ve/m5ts ( tru?--actuat$ by ! moral    
s5tim5ts1 ?is faculty produces ! p[] (  
detect+ sophi/ry 9 ! argum5ts ( ano!r & 
tea*es ! *ri/ian to be z subtle z !     
s]p5t1 & z h>mless z ! dove4   #dj4     
,,prophecy4  ,?is organ lies betwe5     
,consci5ti\sness1 ,hope1 ,caution &     
,wond]2 x produces a desire to comp>e ! 
pa/ ) ! future & judge ( :at w be2 x    
influ5ces to a /udy ( prophetic writ+s &
 z ! organ is actuat$ by wond]1 or a    
desire ( tru?1 s is ! prophet true or   
false2 & z ! animal or moral & spiritual
 creature prevails1 s w ! p]son be      
dang]\s or useful4 ,/4 ,paul tells u1   
despise n prophesy+4--& he calls x a    
gift & adds prophecy %all cease1 b      
,*>ity & ,love nev] faile?2--& aga9 he  
exhorts u above all ?+s to seek to      
prophecy1 :i* 9 ! greek text signifies  
to tea* ! tru?1 & ?us x t5ds to p]fect  
,*ri/ian peace & e/abli%es = ev] !      
et]nal p[] ( love2 ?is faculty tea*es u 
to p]fect ! faculties by po9t+ _! evil  

t5d5cy & look+ =w>d to ! tea*+ ( !      
,div9e _s1 to p]fect :at is out ( unity 
9 ! ?reefold nature ( man1 z a physical1
 intellectual1 & spiritual be+3 x tea*es
 u to wait = ! "t :5 ! ,great ,tea*]    
,*ri/ %all come z ! ,_s ( ,tru? & tea* u
 all ?+s4 ,! abuse ( ?is faculty makes  
m5 become false prophets & tea*]s2      
hi/ory af=ds abundant in/ances ( m5 act+
 "u diseas$ organs :o h ?us become      
delud+ fanatics4 ,! humble ,*ri/ian :o  
foll[s 8 ano9t$ ma/] w /rive to ov]come 
all t is vici\s1 s t he may be able to  
inh]it all ?+s1 & und]/& ! great tru? t 
! te/imony ( ,*ri/ ,jesus is ! _s (     
prophecy4   ,,conclusion4  ,?is little  
"w hav+ ext5d$ to a great] l5g? ?an 0   
orig9ally int5d$1 x is purpos$ to       
cont9ue ! subject 9 ano!r volume (      
simil> size1 to :i* ?is is ! text       
book4--,9 t "w we design to po9t out !  
influ5ce ( ! organs 9 comb9ation1--!    
h>mony ( ,scripture ) ,phr5ology--& a   
text book = p]fect+ ! organization by   
means ( ,holy writ--our object 9 s do+1 

is to make ,*ri/ians ! true             
,phr5ologi/s1 & to make ?is sci5ce "o ( 
! great army ( ,,tru?s1 n[ advanc+ to ! 
battle ( ,armag$don4 ,our aim 9 ?is     
volume has be5 simply to po9t out ! uses
 ( ,phr5ology1 & ! tru?s :]eon x is     
f\nd$2 9 ! next we purpose to consid] ! 
means1 :]eby ! pi\s & humble read] (    
,scripture may be enabl$ to p]fect 8    
organization1 s z to ov]come ! _w1--to  
fight ! good fight1--& inde$ to be born 
aga94   ,,! ,,end4     ,,index4         
,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ,phr5ology   
#e    ,hi/orical ,acc\nt ( ,phr5ology   
#aa    ,advantages & ,objects (         
,phr5ology            #ba    ,on !      
,/ructure & ,anatomy ( ! ,bra9       #bh
    ,on ,temp]am5t                      
#cb    ,on ! ,v>ieties ( ! ,human ,race 
#ce    ,amativ5ess4 ,love               
#ch    ,philoprog5itiv5ess1 ,love (     
,(fspr+         #ci    ,adhesiv5ess4    
,atta*m5t                        #dj    
,inhabitiv5ess1 ,love ( ,home           
#da    ,combativ5ess                    

#dc    ,de/ructiv5ess                   
#dd    ,secretiv5ess                    
#dg    ,alim5tiv5ess                    
#dh    ,con/ructiv5ess1 ,me*anical      
,skill              #di                 
,acquisitiv5ess                         
#ej    ,language                        
#eb    ,=m                              
#ed    ,size                            
#ee    ,weight                          
#ee    ,col\r+                          
#ee    ,%ape                            
#ef    ,ord]                            
#eg    ,numb]                           
#eg    ,tune                            
#eh    ,"t                              
#ei    ,locality                        
#ei    ,individuality                   
#fj    ,ev5tuality                      
#fb    ,comp>ison                       
#fc    ,causality                       
#fe    ,gaiety                          
#ff    ,imitation                       
#fg    ,caution                         
#fh    ,temp]ance                       

#fi    ,consci5ti\sness                 
#fi    ,firmness                        
#gj    ,ideality                        
#ga    ,wond]                           
#gb    ,fai? or ,v5]ation               
#gc    ,hope                            
#gd    ,b5evol5ce                       
#ge    ,self ,e/eem                     
#gf    ,love ( ,approbation             
#gg    ,sophi/ry                        
#gh    ,prophecy                        
#gh    ,conclusion                      
#gi     ,,phr5ology4   ,public att5tion 
is solicit$ to ?is ,sci5ce z practis$ on
 ,*ri/ian pr9ciples1 by  ,,mr4 ,,bunney1
 #fb1 ,,reg5t',s ,,quadrant4  ,phr5ology
 is emphatically ! ,sci5ce ( ,m9d2 & x  
enables p]sons to asc]ta9 :at po9ts ( _!
 "* are defective )\t be+ deceiv$ by    
self-love or flatt]y1 because1 ! ,bra9  
be+ ! ag5t ?r\gh :i* ! m9d op]ates1 acts
 z an index to ! g5]al /ate ( ! m9d at  
any p>ticul> p]iod3 & s9ce              
,unhapp9ess--,ill success 9             
life--,monomania--,n]v\sness--,errone\s 

or ,evil ,actions--are all ! results (  
mis-direct$ m5tal en]gy--s ,phr5ology   
is1 "u ,div9e ,provid5ce1 ! means (     
detect+ ^? slight w&]+s ( ! intellectual
 faculties into p>ticul> *annels1 :i*   
frequ5tly t]m9ate 9 p]man5t e/rangem5t1 
or la/+ m5tal mis]y & discont5t4        
,phr5ological ,advice1 z practis$ by    
,mr4 ,bunney1 is an exam9ation ( ! /ate 
( ! m9d1 ?r\gh its ag5t ! bra91 & a     
recomm5dation ( ^? pursuits :i* are     
calculat$ to re/ore a dis>rang$ unity or
 an unequal balance among ! organs or   
dispositions ( ! m9d4  ,mr4 ,bunney hav+
 exam9$ _m ?\s& heads dur+ ! la/ t5     
ye>s1 & witness$ ! v great success      
att5d+ ,phr5ological advice :5 rightly  
adm9i/]$ & prop]ly foll[$1 desires to   
ann\nce t he is at home f ,t5 till ,five
 daily1 at 8 ,lecture ,room1 #fb1       
,reg5t's ,quadrant1 :]e he w be happy to
 exam9e & advise p]sons z 8 long        
exp]i5ce 9 accordance ) ! ,holy         
,scriptures may r5d] necess>y4 ,mr4 ,b4 
is well aw>e t _m p]sons are det]r$ f   

visit+ him by pecuni>y reasons1 b he    
begs to add t 8 invitation is = public  
good only1 & t he expects no remun]ation
 unless x is p]fectly agreeable to !    
wi%es & circum/ances ( ! inquir]4 ,hav+ 
exam9$ "o-half ! memb]s ( our lead+     
,univ]sities1 ,ox=d & ,cambridge )      
valuable results to ! p>ties !mselves1  
,mr4 ,b4 mu/ consid] any fur!r comm5t   
unnecess>y4   ,,drewett  ,,co41         
,,pr9t]s1 #fb1 ,,reg5t',s ,,quadrant4   
,,footnote3  #a ,no "o w d\bt h[ mu*    
influ5ce ,*ri/ianity has _h 9 produc+ ! 
high moral & intellectual developem5t ( 
,europeans1 to ?is also we may trace _! 
great intellectual sup]iority z nations4
     ,transcrib]'s ,notes3  ,passages 9 
italics are indicat$ by italics4  ,!    
orig9al text includes ,greek *>act]s on 
! fir/ page4 ,= ?is text v]sion ^!      
lett]s h be5 replac$ ) translit]ations4