,libraries47 ,,making ,,your ,,camera ,,pay ,by ,,frederick ,c4 ,,davis ,,new ,,york ,,robert ,m4 ,mc,b,r,i,d,e ,,company #aibb ,copyright1 #aiba1 #aibb ,photo-,era ,magazine ,copyright1 #aibb1 by ,,robert ,m4 ,,mcbride ,,co4 ,printed in the ,united ,states of ,america ,published1 #aibb ,a ,,word ,,before ,the demand of publishers for good pictures is increasing4 ,editors are eager to use the best photographs that may be obtained4 ,they draw no distinction between the work of the amateur and that of the professional photographer4 ,if a photograph meets their requirements1 they buy it and care little whence it comes4 ,the opportunity to sell good pictures has never been better than it is to-day4 ,to give accurate and helpful information with regard to making the camera a profitable investment is the purpose of this book4 ,frederick ,c4 ,davis is well-known to readers of photographic magazines1 and is a practical photographer in addition to being a successful and experienced professional writer4 ,mr4 ,davis has written this monograph in a non-technical style that will entertain the reader and encourage him to make the most of photography4 ,this little book is a practical1 up-to-the-minute answer to the question3 ,how can ,i make my camera-work profitable8 ,a4 ,h4 ,,beardsley1 ,publisher1 ,photo-,era ,magazine4 ,,contents ,,chapter ,,page ,a ,,word ,,before v ,i4 ,,what ,,it',s ,,all ,,about #a ,,ii4 ,,the ,,tools ,,of ,,the ,,trade #f ,,iii4 ,,what ,,to ,,photograph #aa ,,iv4 ,,what ,,not ,,to ,,photograph #bc ,v4 ,,size1 ,,shape ,,and ,,form #bi ,,vi4 ,,where ,,to ,,sell #ce ,,vii4 ,a ,,survey ,,of ,,markets #dc ,,viii4 ,,shipping ,,the ,,product ,,to ,,market #fj ,,ix4 ,,the ,,prices ,,paid #fe ,x4 ,,art ,,photographs #gb ,,xi4 ,,competitions #gd ,,xii4 ,,prints ,,for ,,advertising #gh ,,xiii4 ,,copyrights ,,and ,,other ,,rights #hb ,,xiv4 ,,illustrated ,,special ,,articles #hh ,,xv4 ,,the ,,high ,,road #ic ,,making ,,your ,,camera ,,pay ,i ,,what ,,it',s ,,all ,,about ,whence come the thousands of photographs used every month by newspapers and magazines8 ,more than that1 whence do the photographs come which are used by makers of calendars1 postcards1 for advertisements1 and for illustrating books1 stories and articles8 ,at first thought1 the answer is1 ,from professional photographers and publisher-photo-services4 ,but professional photographers do not produce one-third of the photographs used1 and publisher-photo-services are supplied by that same large number of camerists that supply publications with most of their prints4 ,no one can deny that the greatest number of prints published are bought from amateur photographers in towns no larger than the average1 and sometimes smaller4 ,the camerist does not have to get in an air-ship and fly to ,africa in order to produce photographs that will sell4 ,read what ,waldon ,fawcett says1 himself a success at selling his photographs3 ,the photographer is apt to think that all his ambitions would be realised if only he could journey to foreign shores or to distant corners of our country2 or if he could attend the spectacular events that focus the attention of the world now and then4 ,this is a delusion4 ,the real triumph is that of the photographer who utilises the material ready at hand in his own district1 be it large or small4 ,and more1 a person does not have to be an expert photographer in order to succeed at the work4 ,here is what one prominent writer says about it3 ,the requirements of the field are well within the capabilities of even the beginner in photography1 viz42 the ability to make good negatives and good prints1 the ability to recognise news-value1 and a methodical plan to find the market where the prints will find acceptance4 ,the man or woman who can meet these requirements should be fairly successful from the beginning1 and will open up quickly new avenues of special work and profit4 ,in short1 ability to make metaphors1 create lovely heroines or such is not at all necessary to the successful selling of photographs to publications4 ,is the field overcrowded8 ,no4 ,if there were ten times as many persons engaged in the work they could all keep themselves busy4 ,the field--how wide is it8 ,get out your map of the world4 ,the field for making photographs extends from the top margin to the bottom1 and from the left to the right4 ,the field for selling photographs--which is more to the point--extends over about five thousand publications which use prints2 not to speak of a few score of other markets4 ,the markets may be classified briefly3 7#a7 ,newspapers 7#b7 ,magazines 7#c7 ,postcard-makers 7#d7 ,calendar-makers 7#e7 ,art-study producers 7#f7 ,illustrations for books 7#g7 ,illustrations for articles 7#h7 ,prints for advertising4 ,and there are more1 of more specialised branches4 ,and how does it pay8 ,please note3 ,a certain magazine once paid #ajj for four prints of sundials4 ,an amateur1 who happened to be on the spot with a kodak1 made over #bjj out of a head-on railroad-collision4 ,a ,new ,york professional netted #abe from the newspaper-use of a wedding-party1 of considerable local prominence1 which was leaving the church after the ceremony4 ,one amateur realised #cjj a year for two or three years from a lucky snapshot of eight pet rabbits in a row4 ,a set of ,south-,pole photographs brought #c1jjj from ,leslie's and #a1jjj more from the ,international ,feature ,service4 ,these all1 though1 are very exceptional instances4 ,the average print sells for about three dollars4 ,but there is absolutely nothing in the world to hinder a wide-awake person with a camera from making from several hundred to over #c1jjj a year from his prints4 ,if he becomes a specialist he may earn as high as #e1jjj or even more4 ,no discrimination is made between press-photographers4 ,the person wins who delivers the goods4 ,however1 ,i do not mean that the instances of #bjj or so for prints should be taken as the prices ordinarily paid4 ,i do not maintain that there is a fortune awaiting the man with the camera2 but ,i do say there are unlimited possibilities for salable photographs and almost an unlimited number of markets for them4 ,but there are not barrels of money in it1 for all4 ,a person may add appreciably to his income for having sold photographs2 and having developed the trade to a high degree1 he may cash cheques to the amount of #e1jjj or more a year4 ,but not every one4 ,just some4 ,and it isn't like the log and the falling off it4 ,it's work--hard work--hard work4 ,success at selling press-photographs does not depend on the size of the town you live in1 the cost or manufacture of your apparatus1 or on your literary ability4 ,it depends on you and your worship of the homaged gods of success if you would sell photographs4 ,the gift of these gods is the ability to make good4 ,,ii ,,the ,,tools ,,of ,,the ,,trade ,have you ever wakened in the drear dead of a dismal night1 possessed body and soul with a great desire--an incontrollable1 all-moving1 all-consuming1 maddening desire that knows no satisfaction--a desire for a new camera or a better lens8 ,it is a sensation more disconcerting than that of the father who is detected by his small son in the act of rifling the latter's bank for car-fare4 ,never would ,i be so unwise as to cultivate that desire in any one2 for that reason ,i do not here go deeply into a discussion of the best kind of camera for press-photography6 ,unless the camera you now possess is of a hopelessly mediocre grade1 it will do very well4 ,a reflex camera is of course the ideal instrument for the purpose1 for sharp focusing is so easy and so necessary4 ,the high speeds of the focal-plane shutter incorporated into such a camera will rarely be utilised by the average user2 but its other features are admirable4 ,however1 the hand-camera of the folding type is supreme4 ,it is so light it can be carried for a long time without fatigue2 the user of one is inconspicuous when making exposures2 the cost of operation as well as the original outlay is comparatively small--and there are several dozen more things in favor of it1 including its greater depth-of-field1 which is most important4 ,the lens is the heart of the camera1 and some cameras have heart-trouble4 ,if you intend seriously to market photographs you should possess an anastigmat lens2 not necessarily an ,f_/#d4e lens1 nor even an ,f_/#f4c lens if too expensive2 in that case an ,f_/#g4e lens will do very well4 ,an ,f_/#g4e anastigmat is slightly slower than a rapid-rectilinear of ,u4,s4#d aperture2 but its excellence lies in its ability--as with all anastigmats--to form images of razor-edge sharpness1 which is a prime requisite of a print intended to grace a page of a periodical4 ,a rapid-rectilinear lens will do very well if you are always assured of sunshine or bright clouds to supply exposure-light--and in such conditions even the lowly single-achromatic lens will suffice4 ,now you see ,i have agreed that virtually any lens that will form a sharp image will meet the requirements4 ,indeed1 to paraphrase ,lincoln3 ,for the sort of thing a lens is intended to do1 ,i would say it is just the lens to do it4 ,in other words1 each lens has its limitations and abilities very sharply defined2 and these limits the user must know and appreciate4 ,and the shutter2 it is folly to put a poor lens in a good shutter1 and just as absurd to do the opposite4 ,an expensive shutter with high speeds cannot be successfully used except with a lens capable of large aperture--otherwise underexposure will result4 ,a speed of #a_/cjj second is the highest available in an ordinary between-the-lens shutter1 and that is sufficient for almost anything4 ,the slower speeds1 as one-fifth1 one-half and one second are in my opinion more usable than the extremely fast ones4 ,speeds varying from one second to #a_/cjj second are embodied in two well-known shutters3 the ,optimo and the ,ilex ,acme4 ,the one is on a par with the other4 ,but no such high-grade shutter is needed unless the high speeds are necessary to the user1 for the slower speeds may be given with the indicator at ,b4 ,but enough6 ,this is not a manual on the elements of photography4 ,the requirements of the apparatus to be used for press-photography are that the lens produce a sharp and clear image1 the shutter work accurately1 and the whole be brought into play quickly4 ,i have used every sort of camera2 reflex1 #h x #aj view1 #e x #g view1 hand-cameras with anastigmat1 rapid-rectilinear and single lenses1 and box-cameras1 and they are all entirely satisfactory for the things they were intended to do4 ,the camera ,i have used most and which is my favorite is a ,folding ,kodak1 that makes #c-a_/d by #d-a_/d photographs1 and is equipped with an ,ilex ,anastigmat working at ,f_/#f4c1 in an ,ilex ,acme shutter4 ,to this ,i have added a direct-view finder for reasons apparent to any one who has tried to photograph high-speed subjects by peeking into the little reflecting-finder4 ,this camera has served me admirably for interiors1 flashlights1 outdoors1 high-speed work1 portraiture1 and anything else to which ,i have applied it4 ,your own camera should do the same for you4 ,a photographer comes to know his camera as a mother knows her baby--and if he doesn't he will be no more successful than the mother who does not understand her child4 ,the camera-worker must forget all about manufacturers' claims and should judge his tool by experience2 he must ignore most of the theory and rely wholly on practice4 ,in short1 he must know his camera inside and out1 what it will do and what it will not do2 everything must be at his finger-tips ready for instant use4 ,coupled with that is the need of the ability to produce1 sometimes1 within an hour after making the exposure1 crisp1 sharp1 sparkling prints4 ,after all1 no more qualifications are required of the press-photographer than of most other photographers4 ,he may have to work like lightning1 snap his shutter literally under the very hoofs of racing-horses1 rush out of a warm and cozy bed into a chill and bleak night--but it's all in the game4 ,if any one of the old veteran press-photographers were to lead the life of an ordinary business-man1 he would die of ennui4 ,when the camerist makes photographs for publishers it is zip-dash--and later1 cash4 ,it is the exciting life of a never-sleep reporter1 with a camera to manage instead of a pencil4 ,,iii ,,what ,,to ,,photograph ,if you wish immediate wealth you have only to locate several oil-pockets and dig into them4 ,similarly1 if you aspire to success at marketing photographs you have only to discover the needs of editors and to satisfy them4 ,but although there are not many more available oil-pockets1 there are many editors and innumerable editorial needs4 ,it would be as absurd for me to attempt to state precisely what you should photograph as it would be for me to make a pencil-dot on a map and to say3 ,there's an oil-pocket2 go dig into it4 ,the one way to discover the needs of editors and how to satisfy them is to develop a nose for news4 ,a nose for news is simply the ability to determine the value of any certain photograph to any certain editor4 ,the several ways of acquiring that very necessary ability are3 7a7 by experience1 which consumes the most time and is the most difficult2 7b7 by examining the nature of photographs already sold to publications and printed in them1 which is less difficult and just as effective2 and 7c7 by careful study of prevailing editorial needs and market-demands1 which is the best method of all4 ,to succeed1 mix thoroughly liberal quantities of 7a71 7b7 and 7c74 ,not many1 other than the large metropolitan newspapers1 employ staff-photographers2 and if a smaller one does1 the photographer is usually a reporter who has much scribbling to do besides4 ,when most newspapers require a photograph of something local1 the city-editor telephones to a commercial-photographer and tells him to get it4 ,thereupon1 the commercial-photographer packs up his forty-pound outfit1 goes out and gets it4 ,however1 a good many subjects are not of sufficient interest to cause the city-editor to dispatch a commercial-photographer to obtain them2 but1 if photographs of those same subjects were brought unsolicited to him he would at once see their value and buy them4 ,that is the biggest advantage of the free-lance photographer with the newspapers4 ,if the press-photographer wishes to follow these tactics he may profit1 even in a very large city2 for staff-photographers go where city-editors tell them to go1 and city-editors have much to think about4 ,the kinds of subjects bought by newspapers from free-lance photographers are those of local interest1 brought to the office while the interest in them is still keen4 ,a large number of such subjects are available daily4 ,the news-photographer may glean his tips from a morning-newspaper and sell his prints to an evening-journal4 ,when he becomes sufficiently well known1 he may be called upon and dispatched after a photograph just as the commercial-photographer4 ,but first he must impress the editorial mind by giving it1 unasked1 the very sort of thing it wants4 ,the free-lance photographer should see possibilities in many subjects3 ,a public building burns4 ,a corner-stone is laid4 ,an illicit still is found4 ,a new building is erected4 ,a murder occurs4 ,a new fire-department truck is bought4 ,the governor comes to town4 ,josh ,jones finds a hen's egg three-times normal size4 ,a park is improved4 ,the first baseball-game is played4 ,the robber of the postoffice is caught4 ,i4 ,wright1 the local author's new book1 is published4 ,the local inventor again invents4 ,any one of these suggestions holds possibilities for photographs useful to a newspaper2 and many more events are just as promising4 ,the types of photographs used by postcard-makers are known to almost every one4 ,the subjects run from famous buildings and historical monuments to artistic human-interest pictures such as a small kitten sleeping with its feet entangled in a maze of thread with which it has been playing4 ,at that point1 merge the demands of the calendar-makers4 ,they use the human-interest type1 and run to landscapes1 seascapes1 and portraits of pretty girls4 ,usually the demand of both postcard- and calendar-makers is that the picture tell a story4 ,if it can be used without an explanatory caption1 all the better4 ,for an example of a picture-told story1 glance at almost any cover of the ,saturday ,evening ,post and note how the whole situation is made clear without one word of explanation4 ,it is that kind of photograph that postcard- and calendar-makers want4 ,if you will glance over the postcard- and calendar-illustrations you have at hand you will readily see the types of photograph used4 ,sometimes book-publishers send out calls for special kinds of photographs they need in preparing certain books4 ,in that case1 they usually advertise in an appropriate magazine and mention the kind of photograph they wish2 for example1 historical prints if a history is in preparation4 ,the unlimited variety of books published calls for an unlimited variety of photographs4 ,certain publisher-photo-services make it their business to supply publishers with the photographs they wish2 but that is not hurtful to the prospects of the free-lance1 for the photo-services must obtain photographs of every kind from every source1 and must be stocked with a larger number and variety of prints than any one magazine or publisher could possibly use4 ,thus1 in fact1 the news-photographer has an increased market4 ,the largest field for the free-lance photographer ,i have left until last2 that is1 the magazines4 ,there are so many magazines and such a variety of them that almost any print1 if it is of interest at all1 should find a place with one of them4 ,besides the large magazines there are many smaller ones2 those devoted to almost any conceivable vocation1 and others to almost any interest or hobby4 ,besides the publications issued for the great mass of the reading public1 there are magazines published solely for advertisers1 architects1 real-estate agents1 automobilists1 bakers1 confectioners1 cement-users1 drug-stores1 dry-goods merchants1 electricians1 engineers1 miners1 bankers1 financiers1 fraternal members1 furniture-dealers1 millers1 grocers1 hardware-sellers1 historians1 hotel-owners1 owners of restaurants1 jewelers1 labor-union members1 lawyers1 insurance-agents1 soldiers1 sailors1 municipal workers1 printers1 publishers1 railroad men1 magicians1 fox-raisers1 blacksmiths1 fruit-growers1 undertakers1 stamp-collectors1 and scores of others1 not to speak of almost two thousand house-organs issued by manufacturers as sales-promotion literature or for the benefit of their employees4 ,and each of these uses photographs occasionally1 if not regularly4 ,the photographer need not deplore a lack of sufficient markets for his photographs4 ,the greatest influence toward the development of a nose for news is the giving to it of several whiffs of news4 ,a photographer may shoot--a professional photographer never photographs--he shoots--he may shoot and shoot1 and have his every photograph returned to him as useless for publication--but not if he first discovers what to photograph and what not to photograph4 ,as a means toward that end ,i have selected1 at random1 issues of three magazines whose pictorial sections contain prints which are1 broadly1 just the sort of photographs the photographer in a medium-size town produces4 ,the magazines are ,popular ,science1 ,illustrated ,world1 and ,popular ,mechanics2 despite their names1 these magazines print photographs of a very general scope--more general than one would suppose4 ,i have selected only photographs with short captions1 or those with explanatory articles not more than two hundred or so words in length4 ,in ,popular ,science ,i find3 ,an ,apartment-,house for ,plants4 ,a ,hospital on ,wheels4 ,potato-,gathering ,made ,easy4 ,this ,rudder ,makes the ,boat ,behave4 ,new ,light for the ,photographer4 ,he ,wears a ,showcase4 ,a ,rubber ,heel with a ,noise4 ,milking ,cows by ,electricity4 ,anchoring ,bricks to the ,side of a ,house4 ,sketching on ,fungus1 ,one ,artist's ,hobby4 ,sampling the ,soil4 ,making ,house-,wrecking ,easy4 ,a ,machine that ,harvests ,crimson ,clover ,seed4 ,wheel-,guards that ,save ,life4 ,working ,safely on ,high ,voltage ,lines4 ,a ,lake that has a ,crust of ,salt4 ,punching ,your ,votes4 ,your ,money is ,safe in this ,bank-,tank4 ,in ,illustrated ,world3 ,motorized ,wheel-,chair for ,invalids4 ,whirr of ,motors ,replaces ,song of ,cotton-,pickers4 ,how ,aristocrats of ,dogdom ,travel4 ,perform ,marriage-,ceremony in ,oil-,filling ,station4 ,rail ,motor-,trucks for ,short-,line ,road's ,use4 ,no ,more ,backaches from the ,lawn-,mower4 ,novel ,arrangement of ,air-,hose for ,work-,benches4 ,largest ,milk-,tank in the ,world4 ,comfortable ,footrest for a ,rustic ,seat4 ,dog ,hurt in ,auto ,accident ,wears ,wooden ,leg4 ,street-,cars ,adopt ,pay-,as-,you-,leave ,system4 ,dentists' ,scales for ,weighing ,mercury4 ,toy ,makes ,spelling ,easy for ,kiddies4 ,small ,check-,book in ,silver-,case4 ,nine-,story ,building ,collapses4 ,traveling ,mail-,box on ,interurban ,car4 ,clever ,method of ,advertising ,perfume4 ,makes ,suit ,out of ,stamps4 ,wellesley ,girls ,have a ,sneezing ,closet4 ,raising ,chickens on a ,back ,porch4 ,in ,popular ,mechanics3 ,owner of ,artificial ,hands is ,proud of ,dexterity4 ,imperishable ,burial ,robes ,shown on ,living ,models4 ,novelty ,window-,sign ,spells ,words with ,snowflakes4 ,imposing ,new ,bridge at ,jacksonville4 ,street-,sign ,calls for ,help if ,robbers ,invade ,store4 ,new ,style ,log-,cabin ,built ,like ,stockade4 ,vines ,completely ,cover ,office-,building4 ,beautiful ,ice ,stalagmites are ,pranks of ,jack ,frost4 ,unique ,wood-,sculptures are ,work of a ,decade4 ,electric ,warehouse-,truck ,performs ,heavy ,tasks4 ,hydraulic ,jack ,tears ,up ,street-,car ,tracks4 ,man-,power ,onion-,planter ,sets an ,acre a ,day4 ,grotesque ,images ,reward ,motor-,cycle ,race ,winners4 ,weak ,derrick ,starts ,work of ,steel-,building4 ,concrete ,logging ,piers are ,used in ,lumber-,industry4 ,world's ,largest ,clock ,keeps ,accurate ,time4 ,grotesque ,face on ,auto ,advertises ,carnival4 ,river-,bed ,proves to be a ,rich ,coal-,mine4 ,outlets of ,odd ,shapes ,made for ,irrigation4 ,unusual ,park-,playground ,built in ,circus-,form4 ,giant ,vase1 ,lawn-,ornament1 is ,made of ,concrete4 ,old ,silo in ,railroad-,yard ,houses ,little ,store4 ,street ,rises so ,abruptly ,four ,flights of ,steps are ,necessary4 ,church ,uses ,bill-,board to ,sell ,scriptures4 ,this wide variety of subjects cannot but serve to show that even in very small towns there are many opportunities for salable pictures4 ,more than that1 there are markets for prints of3 ,statues ,blacksmith-shops ,farm light-plants ,sheep ,landscapes ,paintings ,girls' heads ,farm-buildings ,new inventions ,new achievements ,live game ,birds in flight ,industrial arts ,fields of grain ,desert-views ,domestic animals ,poultry ,harbors ,garage-methods ,railroading ,concrete-construction ,flowers ,electrical appliances ,live-stock prize-winners ,art-museums ,motorboats ,musical work ,shoe-factories ,prize-dogs ,yachts ,farm-scenes ,mural decorations ,seascapes ,gardening operations ,interior decorations ,designs ,camping-scenes ,trapped wild animals ,freaks ,cattle ,orchards ,time-saving plans ,social progress ,fashions ,wharves ,paint-departments ,mills ,new banks ,large estates ,factory-equipment ,show-window displays ,store-fronts ,motorcycles ,economic interest ,good and bad roads ,spraying-methods ,counter-displays ,blasting ,landscape-gardening ,sports ,if you live in a large city you have the additional opportunities to obtain photographs such as are published in the ,mid-,week ,pictorial and the ,illustrated ,review1 and also in some of the large national magazines and in the rotogravure-sections of the leading ,sunday newspapers4 ,although the large city offers more opportunities for photographs of celebrities and such1 there is much competition4 ,the photographer in an average-size city may not have frequent opportunities for photographs of renowned persons2 but he has many other chances for salable photographs1 which evens up things4 ,sometimes1 a notable person does come to town2 but ,i would no more presume to tell you here to camp on his trail than ,i would dare to remark to a duck-hunter3 ,pardon me1 old man1 but you'd better pull your trigger4 ,there's a bird right where you've pointed your gun4 ,,iv ,,what ,,not ,,to ,,photograph ,knowing what to photograph is no more important than knowing what not to photograph4 ,i cannot show you so easily by example the kind of photographs editors will not buy2 for a search of any number of magazines will fail to unearth such examples4 ,experience is an expensive school2 but1 sometimes1 the others are closed because of lack of patronage4 ,it would seem that when you learn what to photograph you should learn automatically what not to photograph2 and1 indeed1 you should2 but you don't4 ,however1 there is another way4 ,after sending a photograph to a score of publications1 and after the photograph is returned from the same score of publications1 you may truthfully say3 ,well1 ,i've discovered one thing that those editors don't want4 ,editors have very clear reasons why they don't buy certain kinds of photographs4 ,the editor is there to produce a live1 newsy1 unusual publication4 ,he buys only live1 newsy1 unusual photographs4 ,what could be simpler8 ,publications do not want photographs which are similar to other photographs that they have already printed4 ,the reason is obvious4 ,to take an example from my own early days3 a shoe-dealer1 for an advertisement1 placed a huge pair of shoes1 size #ce1 in his window4 ,i grasped the opportunity to make a salable photograph4 ,it did sell2 but not to ,popular ,mechanics1 for the editor wrote that he was unable to use it because he had printed1 several months before1 a picture of a huge pair of shoes made for a circus sideshow worker4 ,consequently1 the subject of your photograph may be just the thing the editor would want if he hadn't had his requirements already satisfied4 ,therefore1 study those photographs which have been printed1 and make newer and better ones4 ,when the ,king of ,england comes to town1 it may be all very well to command him to stand still1 to look serious or to smile1 for a picture of him so posed may be literally eaten up by the local newspapers2 but a national weekly1 such as ,collier's1 demands something different4 ,posed photographs are at a discount4 ,they are too plainly pictures of men having their pictures made4 ,what is wanted are life and action4 ,it isn't necessary to ask the ,king to stand on his head4 ,ask him to shake hands with the ,chief-of-,police2 or let him do something else which shows he has the power of action4 ,on an invaluable rejection-slip prepared by a national magazine1 examples are given of ,what we want and don't want4 ,under a photograph of ,senator ,johnson with upraised fist1 as if he were driving home a point in his speech1 is printed3 ,here the upraised fist does the business--makes action1 life--and transforms what would otherwise be just an ordinary likeness of ,senator ,johnson into a striking and arresting picture4 ,but if a photograph is sufficiently unusual it may be without life and yet may sell1 although it gains materially by a show of action4 ,under a photograph of a floating submarine1 the rejection-slip notes3 ,no action here2 but it is safe to say that few of the readers of this magazine skipped this one when it appeared4 ,submarines are common today2 but not the kind that carry huge twelve-inch guns4 ,similarly under a photograph of three men standing in a row and looking with a where's-the-birdie8 expression at the camera1 the caption is3 ,a posed picture and1 as is usual in such circumstances1 a dead one4 ,we used it because a story centering around these men was a singularly interesting one appealing to a large audience in ,america4 ,but no matter how extraordinary a photograph is1 it gains a hundred-fold by exhibiting signs of life4 ,true1 a dead picture may sell2 but a live one will sell more quickly1 and the photographer's work will be more in demand1 and the resulting cheque will be larger--much larger4 ,if you make a photograph of a building--even for instance1 a new arsenal--you will never sell it to such a publication as the ,new ,york ,times roto-section4 ,the rejection-slip says1 under such a picture3 ,there isn't even a human being in it to relieve the severity of the building's hard lines and the flat expanse of water4 ,we do not care for such pictures4 ,true1 a photograph of a building--and of a building only--may sell for a few dollars to an architectural magazine2 but more dollars and a bigger future come from putting life into photographs and in getting your work into the national weeklies as a result4 ,again1 no magazine wishes to buy a photograph of something not new4 ,a monument1 if photographed a moment after the unveiling and with the crowd around it1 is a likely seller2 but if the photographer waits several years1 a print of the monument is unsalable4 ,and that is not strange3 you prefer fresh to cold-storage eggs4 ,the big secret of the successful press-photographer is the introduction of human beings into his photographs of inanimate objects4 ,human beings have a deep interest in each other4 ,when one is introduced into a picture1 human-interest is introduced at the same time2 and1 if the human being is pictured in the act of doing something1 the interest is even higher4 ,for no one ever outgrows the question1 ,what ya doin'1 mister8 ,popular ,science ,monthly says3 ,we want good1 clear photographs of a human being doing something of a mechanical nature4 ,the subjects must be new4 ,if a new invention is pictured alone1 it is lifeless and meaningless4 ,but let a human being operate it and a photograph of it gains in value4 ,one has only to apply his common sense to the matter4 ,if a murder is committed in the city1 the newspapers will not demand photographs of the corpse2 it will do very well to obtain a photograph of the arrow-points-to-the-scene-of-the-crime variety4 ,one has to depend wholly on his nose for news and this sometimes proves treacherous4 ,a human-interest photograph sometimes slips past the trained nose of a photographer of twenty years' experience and is picked up by a beginner1 to paraphrase ,charles ,phelps ,cushing4 ,and1 on the other hand1 the old-timer may snap away confidently at a subject which the beginner has scorned1 and then find he has an unsalable print on his hands4 ,sometimes1 so to say1 noses for news contract colds and are unable to scent a subject's salability4 ,but colds may be cured and the scents picked up once more4 ,the best remedy is to stop1 to think1 and to sniff again4 ,there is a market somewhere for every good print4 ,there is no market anywhere for a print that is not good4 ,the best part of the whole business is this3 no one--not even old ,nick himself--can induce an editor to buy a photograph he does not want2 and if1 on the other hand1 he knows he can use it1 he will buy it at once1 be it offered by ,donald ,thompson1 who is a world-famed press-photographer1 or by ,john ,brown of ,smithville1 whose first attempt it may be4 ,v ,,size1 ,,shape ,,and ,,form ,aspiring fictionists learn at some stage of their budding genius that one long stride toward editorial favor lies in the proper preparation of the manuscript4 ,just so1 a photograph which is not prepared in accordance with editorial standards suffers a handicap4 ,some editors specify the size of photograph they prefer4 ,thus1 ,collier's prefers #d x #e prints2 but it will use prints larger1 and a few smaller than that size4 ,in the same way1 ,garden ,magazine reports that it prefers #f-a_/b x #h-a_/b prints1 and the ,thompson ,art ,company says it prefers the #e x #g or #h x #aj size4 ,other magazines make no mention of size4 ,popular ,mechanics reports3 ,the size of the print is not so important as clearness and gloss4 ,indeed1 the greater number of magazines do not specify a preferable size because by so doing they discourage contributors of prints which are desirable1 but not of the size specified4 ,if a magazine insists on having prints of one certain size the photographer should not be discouraged because his camera does not make photographs of those dimensions4 ,the making of enlargements is now no more difficult than the making of contact-prints2 if the negative is sharply focused and the lens of the enlarging-machine is good1 an enlargement will not differ much in quality from a small print4 ,to me1 it seems that the ideal camera makes photographs of #c-a_/d x #d-a_/d inches4 ,this is very slightly smaller than #d x #e1 and a less costly film-eater4 ,negatives of that size are sufficiently large to make salable prints without enlarging them1 and if a larger print is desired1 they are of good proportions for the operation of enlarging4 ,prints of the #b-a_/d x #c-a_/d size are too small to offer to magazines unless the subjects are all-commanding2 however1 the size is a very good one1 and not too small for the making of excellent enlargements if the lens of the camera is good4 ,i have heard of one photographer who uses exclusively a vest-pocket camera equipped with a fast anastigmat lens3 he never attempts to market any of the small prints1 whose size is #a-e_/h x #b-a_/b1 but enlarges the prints to about #d x #f4 ,there are many advantages possessed by the small camera over the large camera2 but #c-a_/d x #d-a_/d is the happy medium4 ,i have never had a print of that size returned because it was too small4 ,there is no need to limit one's self to the production of prints of only standard dimensions4 ,in the cases of magazines desiring artistic prints1 the prints gain materially by trimming them so as to produce a compositional balance of masses4 ,also1 some buyers specify prints of a certain shape for use as covers and headings1 to fit frame-cuts and such4 ,these buyers state their specifications1 as prints size #d x #f1 with the long edges horizontal1 or the opposite4 ,it is not necessary to produce prints trimmed to the exact size of the cover1 either2 all that is necessary is to make the print of the same proportions as the cover1 and the engraver will enlarge or reduce it to the correct size4 ,there is one best finish for prints intended for publication3 that is1 black-and-white--never sepia--and glossy1 burnished4 ,glossy prints are not much more difficult to make than dull-surfaced prints1 the only necessary additional effort being the use of a squeegee plate1 or ferrotype plate4 ,the preference for glossy prints results from the fact that their surfaces are absolutely smooth and without grain4 ,this enables the engraver to make a clearer halftone1 for a print with a grained surface reproduces surface and all in the cut4 ,glossy paper1 when dried in the ordinary way1 has a surface which is perfectly smooth1 yet half-dull4 ,when glossy prints are dried in contact with a ferrotype plate the surfaces are highly polished1 and this gives the prints more brilliancy4 ,prints so prepared are ideal for reproduction-purposes4 ,newspapers1 as well as some moderate-priced magazines printed on news-print paper1 and printed at high speed1 require coarse-screened cuts2 in these1 fancy lighting is detrimental1 and fine details are lost2 what is wanted are broad masses of light and shade4 ,some editors prefer prints which are untrimmed and printed to the very edges of the negative4 ,such prints give the editor opportunities to trim the prints as he pleases4 ,and in the case of simple news-photographs and ones which have no claim to artistic consideration1 it seems to be the preferable method of submission4 ,certainly1 editors will not object to such prints1 and they may welcome them in preference to trimmed ones4 ,single-weight paper is always preferable to double-weight1 even in the larger sizes4 ,prints must be sharply focused and distinct--not fuzzy4 ,a contrasty print is sometimes recommended as the best to offer2 but that is a mistake4 ,the photo-engraver wants prints with plenty of detail in the shadows1 and with a tendency to softness2 but with not a vestige of flatness4 ,in the making of the screen-negative and in the various steps of etching1 he--the engraver--can introduce highlights into a rather soft subject2 but he cannot produce detail in harsh lights and shadows1 declares ,photo-,era ,magazine4 ,the process of halftone-making has developed so that the reproduction can be made almost indistinguishable from the original4 ,in any event1 make the best print possible--a normal and truthful representation4 ,having produced your print1 add your name and address to the back of it1 and then write1 in pencil and on a hard surface1 the caption that should be placed under the photograph when it is printed4 ,some editors decry the practice of writing the caption on the back of the print2 for the print goes to the engraver and the copy for the caption goes to the printer4 ,the alternative is to write the caption on a slip of paper which should be pasted by one end to the back of the print4 ,in any case the photographer's name and address should be stamped on the back4 ,an ideal print for reproduction and publication1 then1 should be3 ,not smaller than #c-a_/d x #d-a_/d inches2 on single-weight glossy paper1 burnished2 very sharp2 not contrasty or flat2 correct proportions if necessary2 untrimmed1 if preferred2 name and address on back2 caption plainly written on back1 or on an attached slip4 ,prints passing this examination are ready to be shipped to market4 ,,vi ,,where ,,to ,,sell ,once upon a time a publisher had a remarkable inspiration4 ,he would publish a perfect book4 ,he went about the task with painful care4 ,months were consumed in the making of a book which would be perfect from every viewpoint4 ,after the publisher had corrected every typographical error1 had made every possible improvement1 and was unable to detect even one flaw in it1 he made proof-copies of it and sent them to men on the faculties of universities1 to leading printers1 to book-making experts1 to authorities in ,english1 and to leaders in every other branch of work from which it was possible to view critically the making of the book4 ,he asked them to examine the proofs minutely and to tell him of any flaw1 however small1 that they might find4 ,each one of the critics returned his proof with the statement that he had not found the slightest imperfection4 ,thereupon the beaming bookmaker published his perfect book and offered a large sum to any one who could find a single flaw in it4 ,and many months passed4 ,then1 one day1 he received a letter that pointed out an error in the book4 ,another letter followed2 then another2 and at the end of a year1 he had received a half dozen letters1 each pointing out a different mistake--and each was very noticeably a mistake4 ,and that is the story of the perfect book4 ,it is with that book in mind that ,i have decided not to give here the usual list of buyers of photographs4 ,such a list may be complete and correct when compiled2 but by the time it could be put into print and published1 lo6 some of the magazines would have suspended publication1 other new ones would have sprung up1 other buyers would have changed their requirements2 so that after a year1 the entire list would be useless4 ,i do not add even a list of non-buyers who were once buyers1 for the reason that some of them may become buyers again at any moment4 ,consequently1 in my opinion1 to place a list of photograph-buyers in this article would be to waste much space1 and with the possibility of inconveniencing any photographers who might attempt to use the list after a year or so of its publication4 ,furthermore1 there are magazines and other books issued yearly which are devoted almost exclusively to listing markets for manuscripts and photographs2 these are in a position to make changes1 additions and withdrawals with each subsequent issue1 and so to keep the lists up-to-date and of value4 ,one such book is1 ,where and ,how to ,sell ,manuscripts4 ,this book classifies photographic markets separately2 and also lists elsewhere many buyers of photographs4 ,in addition1 lists are given of newspapers1 postcard-and-calendar-makers1 and lists of magazines devoted to the household1 agriculture1 gardening1 juveniles1 sports1 outdoors1 the drama1 music1 art1 the trades1 etc41 all of which magazines use photographs4 ,the book is published by the ,home ,correspondence ,school1 ,myrick ,building1 ,springfield1 ,massachusetts4 ,another such book1 which is very similar and which contains such lists1 is #ajja ,places to ,sell ,manuscripts1 published by ,james ,knapp ,reeve1 at ,franklin1 ,ohio4 ,these are the only two market-books which are enabled to keep their lists up-to-date and correct4 ,writer-craft magazines1 which maintain literary-market news-columns1 list markets for photographs2 these supplement the market-books4 ,the ,editor1 published weekly at ,book ,hill1 ,highland ,falls1 ,new ,york1 publishes perhaps more market-notes than any other4 ,the ,writer's ,digest1 #ae-bg ,west ,sixth ,street1 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio1 is a monthly writer-craft magazine which conducts a very good department of market-notes4 ,the ,writer's ,monthly is the name of another magazine that lists such markets4 ,it is published monthly4 ,its market-news1 upon publication1 is rather older ,i have found1 than that printed in ,the ,editor4 ,the longer time necessary to print the magazine may account for that4 ,this magazine is published by the ,home ,correspondence ,school1 ,springfield1 ,massachusetts4 ,the ,student ,writer1 #ahce ,champa ,street1 ,denver1 ,colorado1 published monthly1 maintains an excellent market-list4 ,their notes are many1 varied1 and reliable4 ,photographic magazines sometimes list markets for photographs1 although not frequently4 ,american ,photography1 #dbh ,newbury ,street1 ,boston1 ,massachusetts1 sometimes publishes market-notices in its ,the ,market-,place department1 but they are scanty4 ,photo-,era ,magazine lists1 when available1 market-notes4 ,book-publishers wishing prints of special character have used this magazine as an advertising-medium4 ,besides the magazines noted1 other writer-craft and photographic publications may publish market-notes from time to time4 ,it is by no means necessary to buy both books and to subscribe for all the magazines2 but if you can do so without financial discomfort1 it cannot be otherwise than to your advantage4 ,by all means1 obtain one of the market-books and subscribe for one of the writer-craft magazines2 and if you can add a photographic publication1 so much the better4 ,even a market-book alone is a great aid2 indeed1 it is a necessity4 ,obtain one or both and you will be amazed at the number of times each can say1 ,open ,sesame without stuttering4 ,the best salesman in the world could not induce a sane blacksmith to put in a stock of groceries4 ,if the salesman has groceries to sell1 he goes to a grocer and talks4 ,similarly1 a photographer cannot hope to sell the most remarkable photograph in the world1 unless he sends it to the right market4 ,each magazine has its own particular needs2 but the needs of different ones overlap so far1 and are sometimes so similar1 that a print offered to one and rejected by it may be very desirable to another2 this applies to classes of magazines as well as individual publications4 ,as an instance3 ,popular ,mechanics1 or ,illustrated ,world1 although requiring unusual photographs1 rarely buy photographs of human freaks--but nevertheless the ,saturday ,blade 7,chicago7 uses just that sort of thing4 ,a few blocks from here stands the largest writing-tablet factory in the world3 a photograph of it would not be acceptable to the rotogravure-sections nor to ,popular ,mechanics1 ,illustrated ,world1 nor to ,popular ,science2 yet such a photograph would be useful to an architectural magazine1 a stationers' publication1 or a local newspaper4 ,when a photograph may be viewed from several industrial angles1 as well as from a new-achievement or from a human-interest standpoint1 the more likely are markets to open for it4 ,the press-photographer should not stop until he has tried every possible market4 ,after one or two rejections1 the photographer is apt to form the opinion that editors are prejudiced against his work because he is a beginner2 but nothing could be further from the fact4 ,one national magazine says2 ,should we return what you submit1 do not be discouraged4 ,sooner or later1 if you study our needs carefully1 you will succeed in finding what we are after4 ,the same thing is true of every other magazine4 ,there is not one of them but is eager to buy your wares if you offer them the kind of goods they want4 ,a rejection is not a rebuke4 ,it is a challenge4 ,it means that your nose for news has failed you--has played you false2 or that you have tried to sell groceries to a blacksmith4 ,rest assured that no editor will willfully refuse to accept1 pay for and print any photograph which possesses enough merit to warrant acceptance4 ,the editor holds his chair only so long as he produces the kind and quality of magazine its owners want him to produce2 and he can do that only by co-operation with contributors4 ,without contributors he is at sea in a tub4 ,the editor is the best friend the press-photographer can have4 ,it matters not how much pull you have with an editor1 or how near a relative you are1 or how good a friend1 you can't sell a photograph to him unless you deliver the goods4 ,elliot ,walker observes3 ,the way to sell is to give editors what they want and in the way they want it4 ,if you do that you can't fail if you try4 ,nor will any editor reject your photographs because of his personal feelings4 ,the magazine-editor1 in the first place1 keeps his personal feelings tied up2 in the second place1 he would be foolish1 indeed1 to allow them to influence his decisions2 and1 in the third place1 the editor 'ain't got no' personal feelings when it comes to buying material for his magazine4 ,there is only one course to pursue--send the photograph to every possible market for it in its special line2 then see if it can be viewed from another magazine-angle1 and try every magazine of that trend2 then repeat and repeat and ship it away again and again4 ,don't stop until it has been returned from every market with the slightest possibility of buying it4 ,then sit up nights to discover another shipping-point for it4 ,keep on to the bitter end2 but if your nose is working and you keep on steadily1 the end will come rather suddenly1 and it will not be bitter4 ,,vii ,a ,,survey ,,of ,,markets ,what follows is no attempt to list and classify existing markets1 but to offer a generalized survey of magazine needs by class4 ,while the success of the small-town press-photographer is not in proportion to his city's size1 the magazines which find their ways to him month after month do not disclose the whole field of markets to him4 ,he needs something more--something to reveal to him the broad needs of magazines4 ,this chapter has as its mission the summarizing of the needs of magazines of every class4 ,thus1 photographs taken all over the world1 showing the beauty and commerce of the old and new eras1 are eagerly sought by several magazines4 ,travel1 #g ,west ,sixteenth ,street1 ,new ,york1 wants photographs of out-of-the-way places1 unusual methods of producing world necessities1 and photographs of general travel interest4 ,the same may be said of the ,national ,geographic ,magazine1 though the photographs and articles used by this publication are so specialized and exhaustive that it is rarely a free-lance writer can supply their needs--for they maintain their own staff of writers and explorers4 ,however1 if you are able to catch vivid photographs of wide travel interest1 here is a most excellent market4 ,if you are interested in picturing homes1 ,country ,life1 ,garden ,magazine and ,house ,beautiful are waiting for your prints4 ,these magazines are very artistic and use only the best work2 but they are interested in unusual gardens1 beautiful lawns1 landscaping1 interior decorating4 ,a house remodelled from a common building to an unusual or striking residence will find ready sale to them if photographs of the before and after variety are offered4 ,nature1 sport1 and building in the country are the specialty of ,country ,life1 ,garden ,city1 ,new ,york2 ,garden ,magazine is interested in nothing but gardens and ornamental horticulture1 preferably of the personal experience trend4 ,same address as ,country ,life4 ,house ,beautiful1 #c ,park ,street1 ,boston1 wants photographs of unusual types of interior decorating and landscape architecture4 ,what a wealth of material a well-kept1 modern home contains6 ,owners should readily give consent to photograph if the photographer explains his purpose4 ,arts and ,decoration1 #dgj ,fourth ,avenue1 ,new ,york1 also uses garden and house material1 but runs also to the arts4 ,photographs of architecture1 interior decorating1 etc41 here find another market4 ,so it is with the broad field of country-life magazines generally1 as an example4 ,house furnishing and before and after remodelling pictures are easily obtained and easily sold if well done4 ,every class of magazines uses photographs3 ,literary magazines1 ,women's1 ,farm journals1 ,juvenile1 ,religious1 ,outdoor1 ,photographic1 ,theatrical1 ,musical1 ,art1 and ,trade publications4 ,the following notes generalize the needs of each of these fields4 ,,general ,,magazines ,this excludes most fiction magazines2 those which do use photographic illustrations buy the work of professional studios already established and perhaps specializing in that type of illustrating4 ,the beginner may develop into one of these illustrators--many magazines use them1 as ,love ,stories1 ,cosmopolitan for special articles1 ,national ,pictorial ,monthly1 etc41--but these markets are not open to the free-lance photographer4 ,current ,history1 ,times ,building1 ,new ,york1 ,new ,york1 is an example of a news-magazine which uses timely photographs of wide interest4 ,the ,literary ,digest is of similar nature1 but this second magazine does not buy photographs from the open market4 ,the ,curtis ,publishing ,company occasionally uses photographs of a scenic or artistic nature as fillers4 ,these magazines comprise ,the ,saturday ,evening ,post1 ,the ,ladies' ,home ,journal1 ,the ,country ,gentleman4 ,these are always available1 and a glance through several numbers of each will disclose the type of photograph wanted4 ,grit1 ,williamsport1 ,pennsylvania1 uses many photographs1 and short articles written around them4 ,this publication wants common1 human-interest subjects treated carefully4 ,the needs of ,the ,illustrated ,world1 ,popular ,mechanics and ,popular ,science have been made very clear in previous portions of this book4 ,the ,scientific ,american always wants photographs of new inventions of wide interest1 accompanied by brief articles4 ,address #bcc ,broadway1 ,new ,york1 ,new ,york4 ,physical ,culture1 #aai ,west #djth ,street1 ,new ,york1 ,new ,york1 always wants photographs of persons having splendid physical development4 ,a glance through this magazine will disclose the types of poses desired4 ,straight front1 back1 etc41 views are never used2 action in the picture is essential4 ,,women',s ,,magazines ,these magazines use generally pictures of home improvements1 remodelling of residences1 flower gardens of unusual variety1 and use short illustrated articles on house-building1 interior decoration1 rugs1 gardens1 domestic science1 etc4 ,the magazines listed below are only a few of the many which use photographs and illustrated articles of interest to women4 ,the ,ladies' ,home ,journal1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa42 the ,woman's ,home ,companion1 ,new ,york2 the ,delineator1 ,new ,york1 and ,good ,housekeeping1 ,new ,york1 are all generally fiction magazines with a homey flavor which do not offer a good market for separate photographs or short illustrated articles1 although they are in the market for suitable material of this sort1 in a limited way4 ,others are3 ,american ,cookery1 #bba ,columbia ,ave41 ,boston4 ,better ,times1 #gj ,fifth ,ave41 ,new ,york4 ,canadian ,home ,journal1 #ga ,richmond ,st41 ,west1 ,toronto1 ,ontario1 ,canada4 ,farm and ,home1 ,springfield1 ,mass4 ,mother's ,magazine1 #ahj ,no4 ,wabash ,ave41 ,chicago4 ,new ,england ,homestead1 ,springfield1 ,mass4 ,vogue1 #ai ,west #ddth ,st41 ,new ,york1 uses exclusive photographs of society in ,new ,york1 ,newport1 etc42 photographs of handsome homes of well-known society people1 beautiful and unusual gardens1 etc4 ,woman's ,weekly1 #dca ,so4 ,dearborn ,st41 ,chicago1 uses short articles of home interest1 illustrated4 ,,farm ,,journals ,the needs of farm journals are specific4 ,they form an important division of published magazines1 and a large one which uses a great amount of material4 ,articles on farm improvements1 etc41 are always used1 and photographs also4 ,a conjunction of the two1 in an illustrated article1 forms a much more marketable commodity4 ,the farm work is composed of many divisions--agriculture1 bee culture1 botany1 breeding1 cheese-making1 etc4 ,the following are a representative few of the agricultural markets which are always buying material3 ,american ,agriculturist1 #cae ,fourth ,ave41 ,new ,york4 ,american ,bee ,journal1 ,hamilton1 ,ill4 ,american ,botanist1 ,joliet1 ,ill4 ,american ,breeder1 #bbe ,west #abth ,st41 ,kansas ,city1 ,mo4 ,american ,farming1 #ecg ,so4 ,dearborn ,st41 ,chicago4 ,american ,forestry1 #adaj ,h ,st41 ,washington1 ,d4,c4 ,american ,fruit ,grower1 ,state ,lake ,bldg41 ,chicago4 ,american ,poultry ,journal1 #edb ,so4 ,dearborn ,st41 ,chicago4 ,american ,seedsman1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,bean-,bag1 ,syndicate ,trust ,bldg41 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo41 is devoted to the bean industry4 ,canadian ,countryman1 #aed ,simcoe ,st41 ,toronto1 ,ontario1 ,canada2 material of ,canadian interest4 ,country ,gentleman1 ,independence ,square1 ,philadelphia4 ,dairy ,farmer1 ,waterloo1 ,iowa4 ,farm and ,fireside1 #cha ,fourth ,ave41 ,new ,york4 ,farm ,journal1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,the ,horse ,world1 #ajbh-cj ,marine ,bldg41 ,buffalo1 ,new ,york4 ,jewish ,farmer1 #agd ,second ,ave41 ,new ,york4 ,kennel ,advocate1 #fcf ,market ,st41 ,sierra ,madre1 ,cal4 ,the ,milk ,magazine1 ,waterloo1 ,iowa4 ,national ,alfalfa ,journal1 ,otis ,building1 ,chicago4 ,orchard and ,farm1 #aaaa ,so4 ,broadway1 ,los ,angeles1 ,cal4 ,potato ,magazine1 ,room #fje1 #aci ,no4 ,clark ,st41 ,chicago4 ,power ,farming1 ,st4 ,joseph1 ,mich4 ,rabbitcraft and ,small ,stock ,journal1 ,lamoni1 ,iowa4 ,southern ,agriculturist1 ,nashville1 ,tenn4 ,wallace's ,farmer1 ,des ,moines1 ,iowa4 ,,juvenile ,,publications ,almost every magazine uses juvenile material1 and there are many that specialize in it4 ,the following markets use the well-known type of photograph and illustrated article which are of interest--travel1 how-to-make-it1 etc4 ,a great field is open here to picturized activities of boys4 ,the ,american ,boy1 #adb ,lafayette ,blvd41 ,detroit1 ,mich4 ,boy's ,magazine1 ,scarsdale1 ,n4,y4 ,classmate1 #dbj ,plum ,st41 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 ,forward1 ,witherspoon ,bldg41 ,philadelphia4 ,girl's ,world1 #agja ,chestnut ,st41 ,philadelphia4 ,junior ,christian ,endeavor ,world1 #ca ,mt4 ,vernon ,st41 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,kind ,words1 ,nashville1 ,tenn4 ,open ,road1 #bdh ,boylston ,st41 ,boston4 ,st4 ,nicholas ,magazine1 #cec ,fourth ,ave41 ,new ,york4 ,youth's ,companion1 #hha ,commonwealth ,ave41 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,,religious ,,papers ,religious publications are not given to printing many photographs1 although there is a market of appreciable size here4 ,this field is a difficult one to generalize upon1 but the following may be taken as such a list3 ,adult ,student1 ,nashville1 ,tenn4 ,american ,messenger1 #aja ,park ,avenue1 ,new ,york1 ,new ,york4 ,christian ,advocate1 #haj ,broadway1 ,nashville1 ,tenn4 ,christian ,endeavor ,world1 #ca ,mt4 ,vernon ,st41 ,boston1 ,mass41 uses photographic covers4 ,david ,c4 ,cook ,company1 ,elgin1 ,illinois1 publishes about forty magazines1 which use a great amount of photographs and illustrated material4 ,epworth ,herald1 #gdj ,rush ,st41 ,chicago4 ,front ,rank1 #bgaj ,pine ,st41 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 ,lookout1 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio1 uses photographs for covers4 ,the ,missionary1 ,apostolic ,mission ,house1 ,brookland1 ,washington1 ,d4,c4 ,sunday ,school ,world1 #ahaf ,chestnut ,st41 ,philadelphia4 ,the ,watchword1 ,otterbein ,press1 ,dayton1 ,ohio4 ,,outdoor ,,magazines ,here is a group of magazines which is deeply interested in unusual fishing-trips1 hunts1 and such excursions--it wants material on the animals in water or air or on land1 that its readers may bag them the more easily2 it desires material on bird-dogs1 on outdoor devices and tricks1 on tennis1 motoring1 baseball1 cats1 dogs1 golf1 horses1 yachting1 and on every phase of outdoor and sport life4 ,photographs of men prominent in each line are wanted2 prints of hunting1 fishing1 camping1 canoeing1 sailing1 and everything connected with the big outdoors4 ,here is a large and remunerative market for open-air photographs and sport prints4 ,aerial ,age1 #bhj ,madison ,ave41 ,new ,york1 wants material on aviation4 ,all ,outdoors1 ,outing1 ,forest and ,stream1 ,field and ,stream1 etc41 want the wide variety of outdoor material that appeals to any sort of sportsman4 ,these magazines circulate widely1 and a study of them will disclose their needs4 ,dogs are the subjects of such magazines as ,american ,beagle1 #fci ,west ,federal ,st41 ,youngstown1 ,ohio2 ,dogdom1 ,battle ,creek1 ,michigan2 ,dog ,fancier1 ,battle ,creek1 ,michigan2 ,dog ,world1 #accc ,so4 ,california ,ave41 ,chicago4 ,material about cats is welcomed by such as ,cat ,review1 #aif ,centre ,st41 ,orange1 ,new ,jersey4 ,fishing material appeals to the general run of outdoor magazines1 including ,american ,angler1 #adjj ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 ,tennis appeals to ,american ,lawn ,tennis1 #abj ,broadway1 ,new ,york1 and the ,tennis ,review1 ,california ,bldg41 ,los ,angeles1 ,cal4 ,golf material is used by ,american ,golfer1 #di ,liberty ,st41 ,new ,york1 and ,golfer's ,magazine1 #acee ,monadnock ,block1 ,chicago4 ,motoring appeals to a long list of such publications as3 ,american ,motorist1 ,riggs ,building1 ,washington1 ,d4,c4 ,mileage1 #ddae ,no4 ,racine ,ave41 ,chicago4 ,motor1 #aai ,west #djth ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,motordom1 #aaj ,state ,st41 ,chicago4 ,motor ,life1 #bci ,west #cith ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,speed1 #hji ,shipley ,st41 ,wilmington1 ,del4 ,then there are a variety of different subdivisions of this class1 the mere names of which are sufficient to disclose the great variety of material they use3 ,american ,checkers1 #ahdf ,so4 #djth ,ave41 ,chicago4 ,american ,chess ,bulletin1 #aej ,nassau ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,american ,cricketer1 ,morris ,building1 ,philadelphia4 ,baseball ,magazine1 #gj ,fifth ,ave41 ,new ,york4 ,billiards ,magazine1 #ce ,so4 ,dearborn ,st41 ,chicago4 ,bird ,lore1 #bi ,west #cb;d ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,bowler's ,journal1 #hcf ,exchange ,ave41 ,chicago4 ,the ,horse ,world1 #ajbh-cj ,marine ,bank ,bldg41 ,buffalo1 ,new ,york4 ,spur1 #chi ,fifth ,ave41 ,new ,york--raising prize winners4 ,yachting1 #ada ,west #cfth ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,,photographic ,,magazines ,these magazines pay more attention to the photograph itself than to what it pictures4 ,here is a market for artistic prints1 for prints showing new working methods1 and such material interesting to photographers4 ,artistic taste and technical accuracy are instrumental in getting you into these magazines4 ,american ,photography1 #dbh ,newbury ,street1 ,boston4 ,the ,camera1 #baj ,no4 #acth ,st41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,camera ,craft1 ,claus ,spreckels ,bldg41 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 ,photo-,era ,magazine1 ,wolfeboro1 ,new ,hampshire4 ,,theatrical ,,magazines ,theatrical magazines embrace the following representative few who desire prints of current news in the show world1 new theatres1 interviews with actors and actresses and photographs of them1 etc4 ,the ,drama1 #cjf ,riggs ,bldg41 ,washington1 ,d4,c4 ,theatre ,arts ,magazine1 #g ,east #db;d ,st41 ,detroit1 ,mich4 ,theatre ,magazine1 #f ,east #cith ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,,musical ,,journals ,photographs of bands1 orchestras1 leaders1 band-stands that are unique1 artists1 composers1 etc41 are used by this class4 ,musical ,courier1 #dcg ,fifth ,ave41 ,new ,york1 ,new ,york4 ,musical ,enterprise1 ,camden1 ,n4,j4 ,,trade ,,papers ,these include magazines published and devoted to every trade imaginable4 ,one magazine will be cited for each division of trade1 the title of which is self-explanatory1 and which uses photographs in its particular field3 ,advertising3 ,advertising and ,selling1 #dga ,fifth ,avenue1 ,new ,york4 ,architectural3 ,american ,builder1 #ahbg ,prairie ,ave41 ,chicago4 ,automobile3 ,american ,garage and ,auto ,dealer1 #aaf ,so4 ,michigan ,ave41 ,chicago4 ,baking and ,confectionery3 ,baker's ,helper1 #cbg ,so4 ,la ,salle ,st41 ,chicago4 ,western ,confectioner1 ,underwood ,bldg41 ,san ,francisco4 ,cement1 etc43 ,concrete1 #cad ,new ,telegraph ,bldg41 ,detroit1 ,mich4 ,drug1 ,oil1 ,paint1 etc43 ,druggists' ,circular1 #ajj ,william ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,painters' ,magazine1 same address4 ,dry ,goods3 ,dry ,goods ,reporter1 #bae ,so4 ,market ,st41 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,electric3 ,journal of ,electricity1 ,crossley ,bldg41 ,san ,francisco4 ,engineering3 ,everyday ,engineering ,magazine1 #b ,west #deth ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,financial3 ,financial ,world1 #bi ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 ,fraternal3 ,see particular paper referring to particular fraternity or lodge in list given in ,market ,book4 ,furniture3 ,furniture ,news1 ,wainwright ,bldg41 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 ,grain3 ,grain ,dealers' ,journal1 #cae ,s4 ,la ,salle ,st41 ,chicago4 ,grocery3 ,national ,grocer1 #bjh ,so4 ,la ,salle ,st41 ,chicago4 ,hardware3 ,good ,hardware1 #baa ,so4 ,dithridge ,st41 ,pittsburgh4 ,history3 ,hispanic ,american ,historical ,review1 #adbb ,irving ,st41 ,n4,e41 ,washington1 ,d4,c4 ,house ,organs3 ,some two thousand of these are listed in the market books named4 ,jewelry3 ,jewelers' ,circular1 #aa ,john ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,labor3 ,see particular division desired by consulting ,market ,book4 ,law3 ,casualty ,review1 #bbb ,east ,ohio ,st41 ,indianapolis1 ,ind4 ,lumber3 ,lumber1 ,wright ,bldg41 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 ,medical3 ,see division desired1 as ,dental1 ,hospital1 etc41 in ,market ,book4 ,military3 ,american ,legion ,weekly1 #fbg ,west #dc;d ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,municipal3 ,american ,city1 #hg ,nassau ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,printing3 ,the ,inland ,printer1 ,inland ,printing ,co41 #fcb ,sherman ,st41 ,chicago4 ,railroad3 ,the ,railroad ,red ,book1 #bjai ,stout ,st41 ,denver1 ,colo4 ,shoes3 ,boot and ,shoe ,recorder1 #bjg ,south ,st41 ,boston4 ,this survey gives a general idea of the wide market open to photographs which fall within each magazine's requirements4 ,no attempt has been made to give the needs of magazines1 or to present what is usually called a list of markets4 ,we have been concerned here with generalizing the market--pointing out to the reader who never sees most of the magazines named that they really exist and buy photographs4 ,the purchase of a ,market ,book is necessary if one desires seriously to make his way selling photographs to publications4 ,study the magazine is the bromide flung always in the teeth of the beginner4 ,but what if one can't obtain copies of the magazines which print material which the reader may easily find8 ,then he has only to request from the editor a sample copy of the magazine1 using the address gleaned from the ,market ,book--and he then has the best information as to what that particular magazine wants4 ,and at a cost of only two cents per copy4 ,,viii ,,shipping ,,the ,,product ,,to ,,market ,when a print is to be offered to a local newspaper1 the photographer starts out1 sometimes1 as soon as one hour after making the exposure1 with the print in his hand1 and1 arriving at the desk of the city-editor1 he allows him to examine it4 ,in such a case1 mailing the print would delay it2 perhaps delay it until its interest has cooled1 and so make it worthless4 ,but when submitting prints to magazines one should always invoke the aid of ,uncle ,sam's mail-service1 no matter if the editor lives just next door and the publication-office is but a block distant4 ,the shipping of your prints to their markets merits special consideration4 ,if the photograph1 after being wrapped1 can be bent easily1 it is apt to arrive at the editor's desk in a cracked and crumpled condition4 ,then the editor could not buy it if he wished4 ,and1 when it is returned1 its maker finds it to be so mutilated that it is useless to try to market it elsewhere4 ,proper protection of photographs when shipping them is an aid to both editor and contributor4 ,photographs which are #d x #e inches in size can be sent safely in a ,no4 #aa envelope of heavy manila paper if a sheet of cardboard is placed in the envelope too4 ,the cardboard prevents the breaking of corners1 the bending1 and the cracking of the print4 ,for a return-envelope--never omit to enclose an envelope addressed to yourself and adequately stamped for the return of the print if it is unavailable--for a return envelope1 a ,no4 #aj manila envelope is the best4 ,prints which are #d x #e inches or larger should be sent in larger envelopes--in clasp-envelopes4 ,these envelopes can be obtained at stationers' in sizes suitable for almost any photograph4 ,the envelope should be about an inch larger each way than the print4 ,the print1 as well as a piece of cardboard--which should be somewhat larger than the print--can be sent safely in the clasp-envelope container4 ,on no occasion forget to enclose a return-envelope1 which should be self-addressed and stamped4 ,the return-envelope may be of the same size as the outer one2 and1 if it is folded1 it may be easily inserted4 ,the envelopes mentioned1 ,i have found by experience1 are the best containers that can be used for photographs that are to be mailed4 ,never roll a print and insert it in a mailing-tube4 ,if there is anything an editor does not want you to do1 it is that4 ,prints so sent never lose the violent curve they acquire in transit1 and then they are no more amenable to reason than a temperamental mule4 ,prints should always be sent flat--never rolled or folded1 nor in any other condition except perfectly flat4 ,the envelope should be addressed to ,the ,editor of the particular magazine selected4 ,do not address it to the editor by name1 for it might arrive at a time when he is on his vacation1 and so it will follow him all over the country and perhaps become lost4 ,there should be no enclosure other than the photograph2 except1 when it is necessary1 a sheet carrying an explanation or a short article to be printed with the picture4 ,do not write a letter to the editor unless the photograph is timely and should have an immediate decision4 ,the professional news-photographer submits his work without letters1 and with no identification except his name on the back of each print--and it isn't what's on the back1 but what's on the front1 that counts4 ,photographs properly require only third-class postage rates4 ,the addition of a caption to the print1 or any other written matter included with it1 automatically raises the rate to first-class4 ,even if nothing but the photograph alone is sent1 ,i advise the use of first-class service for several reasons3 the print is then carried more quickly2 it is handled more carefully2 and the sender may seal the container1 which he is unable to do with third-class matter4 ,always1 then1 send your photographs by first-class mail4 ,editors do not maintain special funds for the purpose of paying for postage-due stamps4 ,that is1 if a package of photographs arrives at the editor's desk with the postage not fully prepaid1 the payment by the editor of the postage due does not make his attitude kindly toward the work itself4 ,there are a good many editors who will not accept contributions from the postoffice which have postage-due stamps attached because of the neglect of the sender to fully prepay the postage4 ,there are a great many more editors who will not return photographs unless a stamped and self-addressed envelope is enclosed with the offering4 ,the attitude is entirely justified1 for the supplying of postage to careless contributors in such cases would cost a magazine hundreds of dollars every year4 ,never send your photographs by registered mail unless their value is extraordinary2 and never send them by special-delivery mail unless the prints are addressed to a newspaper and possess burning-hot news interest4 ,to send photographs of average quality by either registered or special-delivery mail is a trick of the novice struggling for recognition4 ,use ordinary first-class service and the editor will feel more kindly toward you than if he is made to stop his work and sign a mail-receipt4 ,not all photographs are accepted by the very first editor who sees them4 ,very often it is the fifth1 or the tenth1 or even the twentieth editor who buys them4 ,so if a print comes back1 immediately send it out again and again and again4 ,don't stop1 for the very next time you might sell it4 ,if it's a good print1 there is an editor somewhere waiting for it4 ,,ix ,,the ,,prices ,,paid ,the most remarkable news-photographs ever made--they were exposed at the ,south ,pole--brought #c1jjj from ,leslie's 7now no longer published7 for ,first ,rights1 and #a1jjj more from ,international ,feature ,service for ,second ,rights4 ,some photographers have realized hundreds of dollars from lucky shots2 an extraordinary photograph may bring from #be to #ajj2 but the average price paid is #c4jj2 and1 indeed1 there are some editors who unblushingly offer as little as ten or twenty-five cents for prints2 and some who find it impossible1 unwise1 or unnecessary to pay for prints at all4 ,although the average price paid is not astounding1 it is a good return on the cost of making2 also1 the abundant opportunities for salable prints compensate for what each cheque lacks4 ,a photographer who is wide-awake and moving ought not to find it difficult to sell at least ten prints each week1 if not more1 when one considers the large number of available subjects and the multitude of magazines4 ,newspapers pay for prints according to their breadth of circulation4 ,a widely-read daily will pay more for photographs than one of small circulation4 ,very often1 newspaper-editors prefer that the press-photographer send a bill for his services4 ,if you are asked to do that1 do not hesitate to charge a price you think is entirely just2 but don't grasp the opportunity to profiteer4 ,better1 discover the price asked by the newspaper's favorite commercial-photographer1 and mark down your price accordingly4 ,that is business2 it isn't taking an unfair advantage4 ,whatever the price that is paid1 don't object if you think it is too low2 accept the payment and seek a more remunerative market next time4 ,this applies to magazines as well as to newspapers4 ,the prices paid by magazines vary likewise1 but none of any reputation pays less than one dollar per print4 ,there are many factors which decide the size of the cheque which the press-photographer receives4 ,the first is the circulation of the publication1 for its financial reserve depends on the number of buyers4 ,the size of the print in some instances decides the price paid4 ,thus1 one magazine pays #a4jj for prints of one size and #b4jj for larger ones4 ,however1 there are not many magazines who pay according to the size of print4 ,sometimes1 retouching must be applied to a print in order to make it suitable for reproduction2 and1 as the service of a retoucher is expensive1 something is deducted from the photographer's cheque to pay for the work4 ,popular ,science is a magazine of that policy4 ,the photographer can avoid such deductions from his cheques by supplying photographs of such quality that they will need no retouching4 ,if a photograph is offered for the exclusive use of one magazine it may bring a higher price than if it were non-exclusive4 ,thus1 ,collier's pays #c4jj for non-exclusive prints and #e4jj for exclusive ones4 ,some few magazines rarely accept any print that is not exclusive2 indeed1 non-exclusiveness may be a reason for rejection4 ,calendar-makers and postcard-makers1 of course1 buy only exclusive rights4 ,a publisher is always more favorably inclined toward an exclusive than toward a non-exclusive print2 and1 very often1 the added favor means added dollars to the payment4 ,the use to which a print is put is also a deciding factor in payment4 ,a print bought for use as a cover-illustration will bring home a bigger cheque than if it were used merely as one of many illustrations4 ,too1 ,illustrated ,world pays #c4jj and more for prints used in its pictorial section1 but #b4jj for those used in its mechanical department4 ,other magazines do not make this distinction4 ,after all1 the price paid depends wholly on the usefulness and quality of the print4 ,if1 sometimes1 as in the case of the ,ladies' ,home ,journal1 the payment is made with a view to the photographer's reputation1 it is only because news-photographers of experience produce prints of a higher average quality than beginners do4 ,but1 if a beginner delivers the goods1 the editor is just as glad to pay to him the large cheque as he is to pay it to any one else4 ,a few examples of prices paid will be of interest4 ,collier's pays #c4jj for non-exclusive prints and #e4jj for exclusive prints1 and from #be4jj to #ajj4jj a page for layouts 7spreads74 ,illustrated ,world pays #c4jj for each print4 ,popular ,mechanics pays #c4jj and up1 and #be4jj a page for layouts4 ,popular ,science reimburses at the rate of #c4jj for each photograph1 and sometimes more4 ,the ,saturday ,blade pays #b4jj for each4 ,the ,thompson ,art ,company pays from #a4jj to #e4jj4 ,underwood and ,underwood pay from #c4jj and up1 according to the value of the print4 ,the ,woodman and ,teirman ,printing ,company pays at rates varying from #e4jj to #ej4jj4 ,but when is payment made8 you ask4 ,the answer is1 ,either upon acceptance or upon publication4 ,by far1 most magazines pay according to the more desirable plan--upon acceptance4 ,as soon as such a magazine decides that a photograph is useful to it1 it mails a cheque to the sender4 ,sometimes1 a receipt is sent with the cheque1 which the recipient must sign and return2 but1 more often1 the cheque itself is the receipt4 ,payment upon acceptance is by far the more desirable method1 for with it the worker is paid as soon as his work is done2 there is no waiting for weeks and months for payment1 as in the case of pay-on-publication magazines4 ,there are a few magazines who wait until the photograph actually appears in the pages of the publication before payment is made4 ,in such cases1 the photographer has no recourse but to wait until the editor is ready to print his contribution whenever it may be4 ,in the case of pay-on-publication magazines1 notice is usually sent that the photograph has been accepted for publication and that it will be paid for as soon as it is published4 ,sometimes1 no notice is given at all of publication or acceptance2 and in that case the photographer must scan each issue of the magazine in order to find his contribution when it appears1 or he must wait until the cheque arrives that denotes publication4 ,either method is uncertain2 but there is nothing to do but to endure it4 ,some publications even wait for some time after publication before making payment1 as in the case of the ,kansas ,city ,star1 which pays on the fifteenth of the month following publication1 and the ,saturday ,blade which also mails all cheques the month following publication4 ,this is a discouraging policy2 but as the cheque always arrives in the end1 there is little to be said in condemnation of it2 the photographer is obliged to make the best of it4 ,the contributor should always keep a record of prints accepted and to be paid for on publication4 ,otherwise1 by an oversight1 a cheque for published material may never come1 and the photographer may never miss it4 ,too1 a cheque may arrive unexpectedly from a forgotten source and cause an attack of heart-failure4 ,the beginner does not achieve mountain-top prices except by a lucky shot now and then4 ,prices increase with your experience and your reputation4 ,the photographer who develops his nose for news until it can scent a salable photograph in every conceivable situation is the photographer who has the large cheques forced upon him4 ,the sky-high cheques come to the camerist who1 night and day1 through sunshine and storm1 earthquake and cyclone1 is always hot on the trail of the salable photograph that is tucked away somewhere1 where only a keen scent and a large amount of perseverance can lead him2 and when he arrives1 the subject will be singing truthfully1 ,shoot me and the wor-rld is tha-hine4 ,there are enough of these subjects to shame the biggest choir on earth by their singing4 ,however1 the photographer must know good music when he hears it4 ,x ,,art ,,photographs ,an art-photograph may be either of two things3 a photograph1 itself artistic2 or a photograph of some artistic thing4 ,there are markets for both4 ,artistic photographs are used by calendar and postcard makers2 also1 by photographic magazines1 and magazines given to the beautiful in art or literature4 ,when submitting such photographs to makers of postcards and such1 they should be submitted in the usual manner4 ,the subjects used by card- and calendar-makers are interesting landscapes1 beautiful seascapes1 pretty girls1 attractive children1 and animals1 as every one knows4 ,such pictures are sometimes bought outright--indeed1 they usually are2 but some firms pay according to their value as indicated by the demand for them after publication4 ,thus1 one firm pays on a fifty-fifty basis4 ,an example of beautiful photography1 at the same time picturing an unusual or artistic subject1 will usually find a market in a photographic magazine1 as ,photo-,era ,magazine or a magazine such as ,shadowland4 ,the ,architectural ,record demands that its prints1 although of architectural subjects1 be artistic and beautiful4 ,indeed1 there is such a wide market for photographically artistic prints of beautiful subjects that the photographer is doubly rewarded who can supply these1 as well as hot-off-the-bat news-photographs4 ,artistic photographs are printed on sensitive-paper of a surface suited to their subjects1 and are trimmed so as to carry the correct compositional balance2 and after1 they are tastefully mounted4 ,photographs which are not themselves artistic1 but which are of art-subjects1 may be prepared as are other photographs intended for publication4 ,such photographs are of statues1 pictures1 new art-museums1 art-collections1 paintings1 mural decorations1 drawings1 and anything at all of interest to artists4 ,material of such sort is sought by such publications as ,american ,art ,news1 ,art in ,america1 ,art and ,decoration1 and others that appreciate the very best4 ,in short1 the photographer may market his game among a wider patronage if he can bring down birds of paradise as well as ducks and geese and the common denizens of the air4 ,,xi ,,competitions ,competition is the life of business4 ,certainly1 then1 an aspirant for honors from publishers experiences no lack of life4 ,often1 however1 after a print has proved unavailable for publication1 when offered by the regular process1 it may be entered in a photographic competition where current interest is not essential2 and so1 perhaps1 even bring home a larger cheque than it could have captured otherwise4 ,the two leading photographic publications1 ,photo-,era ,magazine and ,american ,photography1 conduct monthly competitions4 ,the monthly prizes for the ,advanced ,competition of ,photo-,era ,magazine are #aj4jj1 #e4jj and #b4ej in value of photographic goods4 ,although cash is not paid1 a prize awarded will go a long way toward obtaining for the photographer a desired piece of apparatus1 or in supplying sensitised material1 developing-agents and such with which to produce photographs intended for other magazines4 ,the contest is free and open to photographers of ability and good standing--amateur or professional4 ,the publisher of ,photo-,era ,magazine assigns subjects for each month1 as ,winter-,sports1 ,speed-,pictures1 and so on4 ,since the photographer must buy supplies in any event1 the awarding of such to the amount of #aj4jj is a distinct help4 ,american ,photography also conducts monthly photographic contests4 ,for these no subjects are assigned4 ,the prizes for the ,senior ,class are #aj4jj1 #e4jj and #c4jj1 paid in cash4 ,any photographer1 amateur or professional1 may compete4 ,this magazine last year held an ,annual ,competition1 which it intends to repeat1 with prizes of #ajj4jj1 #ej4jj1 two of #be4jj1 and ten of #aj4jj1 not to mention one hundred subscriptions for the magazine4 ,highly artistic work is necessary for recognition in the ,annual ,competition4 ,both ,photo-,era ,magazine and ,american ,photography supply data-blanks which must be sent with entries4 ,competitions for amateur photographs are also conducted by the ,american ,boy1 which offers monthly prizes of #e4jj1 #c4jj and #a4jj for the most interesting amateur photographs received during each month4 ,these are worthwhile4 ,photographs of popular interest are used in monthly competitions by many magazines2 and many manufacturers conduct occasional1 if not regular1 prize-contests4 ,probably the largest company to offer prizes in competitions is the ,eastman ,kodak ,company4 ,the ,eastman company for many years conducted a yearly contest with thousands of dollars in prizes offered4 ,last year1 it decided on an innovation2 the running of a monthly contest with prizes of #ejj4jj4 ,this practice has been continued for many months and shows no signs of being discontinued at this writing4 ,prizes are offered for four classes of photographs1 the class being determined by the camera with which the photograph was made4 ,in all1 twenty prizes are awarded each month1 the highest being #ajj4jj and the lowest #g4jj4 ,frequently one person wins two or three prizes4 ,the photographs entered must be of good workmanship1 of human-interest and must preferably tell a story4 ,no subjects are set4 ,upon writing to the company1 a leaflet is sent which gives rules and an entry-blank4 ,a good many photographers have cleaned-up in these competitions4 ,now and then1 different manufacturers and magazines1 who do not ordinarily do so1 offer prizes for photographs4 ,at every opportunity1 the press-photographer should enter his prints1 for if they win a prize1 he has the advantage of a larger remuneration as well as a boosted prestige among editors and publishers4 ,,xii ,,prints ,,for ,,advertising ,advertisers who are manufacturers are all possessed of the belief that the buying public is painfully ill-informed of the unequalled merits of their products4 ,consequently1 any photographic evidence of the superiority of their goods which will enlighten the public is welcomed with open arms4 ,any photograph that shows plainly the excellent service that any product has given will bring the photographer's own price from the manufacturer4 ,the demand is almost universal4 ,makers of camera-lenses are continually on the lookout for unusual photographs made with their products4 ,the ,wollensak1 the ,bausch and ,lomb1 and the ,goerz companies frequently buy negatives that portray vividly some features of their lenses4 ,makers of camera-shutters also buy photographs which were made with cameras equipped with their shutters4 ,usually1 the point emphasised in the pictures bought is the shutters' ability to stop motion at their high speeds4 ,as press-photographers frequently find it necessary to use the shortest exposures given by their shutters1 they should have something in their negative-files which the shutter-makers should be eager to obtain4 ,makers of photographic material other than lenses and shutters often buy examples of work done with their goods4 ,thus1 the ,ansco ,company uses photographs of natural scenes for advertising-purposes1 the photographs being made on ,ansco film and ,cyko paper1 or other ,ansco products4 ,burke and ,james1 makers of ,rexo cameras1 use photographs for advertising-purposes which must be of unusual interest and must illustrate their goods in use1 or be made with their cameras or films4 ,inasmuch as the news-photographer1 in his daily work1 finds many unusual things1 he should find no difficulty in selling a few prints to camera-makers4 ,an advertiser is always seeking any information likely to help sell his product4 ,if1 in your work1 you see an old storage-battery with electric energy still unimpaired1 or a well-preserved tire1 or a shaving-brush of strong constitution unweakened by much use1 it would very likely prove profitable to photograph it and describe your find to the company that makes the product4 ,thus1 an insurance-agency may buy a photograph of a garage destroyed by fire1 the cars in which were fully protected by their insurance4 ,a maker of strong-boxes may appreciate a photograph of one of his boxes raked out of1 perhaps1 the same fire1 the box having held valuable papers which were fully protected from the terrific heat4 ,the makers of a portable typewriter once purchased a photograph of one of their machines which had fallen from an airplane and which had to be dug from the ground2 but which1 of course1 suffered no injury whatever because of its fall and burial4 ,if you should unexpectedly come upon ,irvin ,cobb writing a masterpiece with his ,neverleek fountain-pen1 snap him 7with his permission7 and see what the makers of ,neverleeks say4 ,manufacturers of patent roofings use photographs of roofs covered with their products2 makers of steam-rollers want photographs of roads tamped by their machines2 and so on and on and on4 ,it is wiser to write first to the advertising-manager of the particular company favored1 and to inquire if he is buying photographs that show plainly the unparalleled merits of his excellent product1 and if so--etc41 etc4 ,some advertisers will ask you to name a price for your work1 and on such an occasion you should judge fairly the value of the print to them4 ,if they require the negative also1 raise the rate4 ,any prints should be worth #aj4jj even to a small manufacturer1 and if it is acceptable at all1 a larger firm should pay from #be4jj to #a1jjj4jj for suitable propaganda4 ,this branch of press-photography is little used by many workers1 yet it is remunerative4 ,besides furnishing the manufacturer with advertising for his product1 the photographer supplies himself with some advertising to the effect that he delivered the goods once1 and could do it again1 so there4 ,,xiii ,,copyrights ,,and ,,other ,,rights ,if1 as often happens1 one photograph is useful to more than one publication1 is it all right to sell the one photograph to as many magazines as will buy it8 ,when a publication prints a photograph on its pages1 it copyrights it in the name of the publishing company4 ,the photographer then has parted with his entire rights to it1 and cannot sell it elsewhere1 unless one of two precautions has been taken4 ,the first precaution is the writing on the back of each print3 ,first ,magazine-,rights ,only4 ,those mystic words mean that the print is offered for publication only one time1 after which it again becomes the property of the photographer4 ,that is1 the magazine1 when buying such a print1 buys only the right to print it the first time4 ,immediately after its publication1 it becomes again the property of the photographer1 although he cannot of course sell ,first ,rights again1 any more than he can sell the same horse twice at the same time4 ,after ,first ,rights has been sold1 the photographer may then sell ,second ,rights1 provided those words are written on the back of the second print4 ',second ,rights' is the right to publish a photograph in some other publication than the one in which it originally appeared4 ,for instance3 a photograph of a novel shop-window display may be acceptable to ,popular ,mechanics1 which buys a print marked ,first ,magazine-,rights ,only4 ,but the same photograph may be acceptable too to an advertising-magazine1 and so it buys ,second ,magazine-,rights4 ,unless these terms are written on the backs of prints which are sold to more than one magazine1 trouble is apt to result4 ,another plan by which it is possible to sell a photograph to more than one publication is the labeling each print as3 ,non-,exclusive or ,not ,exclusive4 ,when that is done1 the photograph may be sold to as many editors as care to buy it4 ,if no mention of any rights or of exclusiveness is made at the time of sale1 it is inferred that the publisher buys ,all ,rights4 ,in that case the photographer loses all claims to the photograph2 if he attempts to sell it again without the consent of the editor who first bought it he is breaking the copyright laws2 in fact1 he is selling another's property4 ,there is no need to affix any such terms to any photograph which can sell to only one1 or which is to be offered to only one magazine4 ,magazines are more partial to prints which they can buy outright1 and thus acquire ,all ,rights4 ,indeed1 there are very few prints of enough value to sell to more than one magazine4 ,now we plunge deep into the mysteries of copyrights4 ,when a print is copyrighted it is unalterably the property of the person first copyrighting it until he signs ,transference of ,copyright4 ,a copyrighted print may be published in a dozen publications if they will buy it1 and it still remains the property of the one who first copyrighted it4 ,copyright laws were passed for the benefit of those who promote the progress of science and useful arts4 ,this is done by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to use their respective writings and discoveries4 ,under this law1 author includes makers of photographs1 and writings includes photographs4 ,the process of copyrighting a photograph is not an involved one4 ,a request should be addressed to the ,register of ,copyrights at ,washington1 ,d4,c41 for a few copyright-blanks1 form ,j#a4 7,form ,j#a is for photographs to be sold1 ,j#b for photographs not to be sold47 ,one of these cards is then filled out1 and two prints of the photographs sent with it to the ,copyright ,office1 as well as the necessary fee4 ,the fee for the registration of copyrights 444 in the case of photographs1 when no certificate 7of copyright7 is demanded is fifty cents2 for every certificate1 fifty cents additional4 ,a certificate is not usually necessary1 and is useful only in cases of disputed copyright ownership1 etc4 ,the fee should be sent only in the form of a money-order to the ,register of ,copyrights1 and the photographs must bear the mark of copyright1 which is either the word ',copyrighted' or the abbreviation ',copr4' accompanied by the name of the copyright proprietor4 ,in the case of photographs the notice may consist of the letter ,c inclosed in a circle provided that on some accessible portion of such copies 444 the name of the person copyrighting shall appear4 ,upon the ,copyright ,office receiving the photographs1 the sender is notified2 and again1 when copyright is granted1 he is sent a small card notifying him1 or the certificate is sent to him if he has ordered one4 ,then the print is considered copyrighted4 ,it is useless to copyright any except those prints of extraordinary value1 the rights of which the photographer wishes to retain at all costs4 ,the average quality prints are not likely to be stolen1 and so the copyrighting of them is unnecessary4 ,if the photograph is merely to be offered to two or more publications it is only necessary to mark each print as directed in the foregoing paragraphs4 ,publishing companies are business-institutions which are of necessity conducted according to the highest ethics4 ,to unwittingly sell to another magazine a print one magazine purchased as exclusive1 would be likely to exile the photographer's work from those particular magazines4 ,the photographer should remember that a print of his making is not his property once it is first copyrighted by someone else1 unless he has sold only certain rights of it4 ,it is nothing less than theft1 to make a photographic copy of a published photograph and to offer it as original and unpublished4 ,the photographer should never try to sell what is not his own work4 ,but since not many have the urge to do so1 undue emphasis on that point would be offensive4 ,the sum of the foregoing advice is that the author 7photographer7 should exercise common sense in disposing of rights1 says ,j4 ,berg ,esenwein1 editor of the ,writer's ,monthly1 in one of his books4 ,in most cases it would be better to allow the publisher to have ',all ,rights' than to forego the chance of a sale2 but nearly all magazine-editors are disposed to be reasonable and will agree to share any future profits that may arise from supplementary sales of a manuscript 7photograph74 ,the chief point is that author and publisher should clearly understand each other1 without the author's losing his rights1 yet1 without harassing the publisher by making unnecessary stipulations regarding a trifling matter4 ,the law of copyright should be followed strictly when attempting to submit the same photograph to more than one publication or buyer4 ,if the photographer keeps an eye on what rights he has sold when he cashes his cheque1 and governs himself accordingly1 he will sail along without trouble of any kind4 ,,xiv ,,illustrated ,,special ,,articles ,it would require a surveyor of extraordinary skill to mark the boundary between the lands of ,photographs-,with-,explanatory-,data and ,articles-,illustrated-,with-,photograph s4 ,since the dividing line is so vague it is not difficult to pass from the one to the other4 ,the jump from the making of photographs to the writing of non-fiction is not a difficult one to make4 ,in his rambles after salable photographs the press-photographer may unearth a subject to which a single photograph does not do justice4 ,then the making of more photographs and the writing of an article about them is the logical and the progressive and the more remunerative thing to do4 ,indeed1 subjects which would not sell otherwise may be made very useful to an editor by the writing of an enticing article around them4 ,at once1 there is a means of broadening one's market and of disposing of photographs1 by themselves1 unsalable4 ,an illustrated article naturally calls forth a fatter cheque than would the text or the photographs alone4 ,there is as much a demand for illustrated articles as there is for photographs2 so that the photographer with the ability to tell facts simply and clearly has two avenues of revenue4 ,many illustrated articles sold to magazines are just groups of photographs with interesting texts written about them4 ,a search through a few magazines reveals a broad variety4 ,from ,popular ,mechanics3 ,new ,mountain-,road ,now ,open to ,traffic4 ,new ,orleans ,public ,elevator4 ,artistic ,roof-,garden ,features ,city-,factory4 ,steamer ,repaired in ,eighteen ,days4 ,where the ,earth ,collapsed4 ,flying ,anglers ,troll for ,deep-,sea ,fish4 ,a ,four-,track ,concrete ,railroad-,bridge4 ,waterfalls ,near ,big ,city ,just ,discovered4 ,concrete ,smokestack ,difficult to ,demolish4 ,vast ,stores of ,mineral ,paint-,pigments in ,salton ,sea4 ,from ,illustrated ,world3 ,what the ,circus ,does in ,winter4 ,snow on the ,overland ,trail4 ,city over ,coal-,mines ,slowly ,sinking4 ,running the ,farm by ,windmill4 ,truck ,equipped for ,sealer of ,weights and ,measures4 ,marvelous ,development in the ,hemp-,industry4 ,public ,camp-,conveniences4 ,mud-,splashing ,guards for ,autos4 ,work for ,waterfalls ,everywhere4 ,building the ,road to ,fit the ,car4 ,heading ,off ,mountain-,floods4 ,lawn-,pools and ,fountains in ,concrete4 ,from ,photo-,era ,magazine3 ,children in the ,snow4 ,the ,quartz-,meniscus ,lens4 ,introduction of ,figures in ,landscape-,work4 ,photographic ,greeting ,cards4 ,balance by ,shadows in ,pictorial ,composition4 ,mounting and ,framing ,photographs4 ,the ,photographer and a ,goat-,ranch4 ,in ,nature's ,studio4 ,from ,science and ,invention3 ,science ,measures the ,athlete4 ,world's ,largest ,clock4 ,making ,microphotographs4 ,how ,cartoon ,movies are ,made4 ,a ,miniature ,sky4 ,curing ,soldiers' ,ills with ,electricity4 ,largest ,electric ,crane ,lifts ,complete ,tug-,boat4 ,wintertime ,uses for the ,electric ,fan4 ,monster ,italian ,searchlight4 ,these are articles written around several photographs--not merely illustrated by them4 ,besides the classes of magazines mentioned there are numerous others--almost any publication that uses illustrations in fact--which are in the market for illustrated articles4 ,such magazines cater to outers1 hunters1 sportsmen1 business-men1 physical culturists1 travelers--almost every class of reader4 ,having produced and sold articles written around the illustrations1 the writer-photographer cannot other than form an idea1 now and then1 of an article a magazine should want which may be illustrated2 but to which the illustrations are supplementary rather than basic4 ,in such cases1 the writer will have greater chance of acceptance if he1 by means of his camera1 makes several photographs to illustrate the text4 ,even if an article is acceptable without illustrations1 it will bring a bigger cheque nevertheless if it is illustrated4 ,if the lack of illustrations makes the article unavailable1 then the photographer has the means of making a cheque grow where none grew before4 ,his camera stands him in good stead4 ,there is no editor but prefers an illustrated article to an unillustrated one--unless his magazine is pictureless from policy4 ,then1 from having his pictures printed without his name attached1 the photographer blossoms into a writer whose work appears under such a head as ',how ,fruit is ,raised on the ,moon1' by ,john ,henry ,jones1 with ,illustrations by the ,author4 ,although the jump from the making of photographs to the writing of non-fiction is easy1 you may slip at the first attempt4 ,but hammer away and soon the nail will go in4 ,for know ye1 there isn't a magazine-editor in the business who wouldn't buy an article from his worst enemy if he thought it was good stuff for his magazine4 ,the photographer must not only smell out news2 but he must1 by the sensitiveness of his nose tell just how much the news is capable of being worked up4 ,he will find it comparatively easy to write illustrated special-articles where before he sold just photographs4 ,and such ability stands not far below that of the fictionists4 ,,xv ,,the ,,high ,,road ,not much of an exalted vocation1 the selling of photographs8 ,not1 perhaps1 proclaimed from the housetops as a handsomely paying vocation2 but one which may be cultivated into almost anything having to do with inveigling publishers into writing cheques4 ,when you receive your first cheque your sensation is something like that of the man who has passed through a cyclone and has come through with his flivver still in the barn4 ,but when the first contribution is printed6 ,the world is yours6 ,you have broken into print6 ,if not into type1 at least into printing-ink4 ,when the excitement wears off there are many branches that beckon4 ,the press-photographer may specialise--he may devote all his efforts to some one branch of the work1 as the making of photographs of celebrities1 of microphotographs1 of almost anything4 ,witness the amateur photographer who quietly went about photographing the interior of every church in ,new ,york1 and who then cashed in on them to the amount of #d1jjj4 ,you may even obtain a position--or job--as press-photographer on a big metropolitan daily1 with all the world before you and part of it dropping every ,saturday afternoon into your pocketbook4 ,then1 you may be sent overseas--and be paid great oodles of money4 ,or you may devote all your time to the making of calendar-photographs1 or to illustrating stories photographically1 as is the fashion now with some magazines1 see ,true-,story4 ,there are so many opportunities to grasp that if you look about you and select the specialised branch in which you desire most to work1 there is no reason in the world why you should not do it--and1 perhaps1 earn #aj1jjj a year at it4 ,do one thing better than anyone else and the world will beat a path to your door4 ,having broken into printers'-ink1 it is comparatively easy to break into type4 ,from selling photographs one may easily advance to the writing and illustrating of non-fiction4 ,and your fame as a non-fictionist1 together with the training you have gleaned1 may cause you to forward a work of fiction to an editor acquainted with your name--and lo6 from the ranks of the snap-shooters you have risen to the highest class of scribe--the successful fictionist4 ,and that1 too1 is not difficult for him who wills and works4 ,and work4 ,spell it in capital letters1 ,,work1 advised ,jack ,london4 ,work all the time4 ,find out about this earth1 this universe2 this force and matter1 and the spirit that glimmers up through force and matter from the maggot to ,godhead4 ,and by all this ,i mean work for a philosophy of life4 ,it does not hurt how wrong your philosophy of life may be1 so long as you have one and have it well4444 ,with it you may cleave to greatness and sit among the giants4 ,another agrees3 ,draw long breaths of confidence1 of faith in yourself and your work4444 ,strike 'despair' out of your dictionary6 ,get into your chair6 ,do your stint6 ,be just as much of a fool as you like4 ,it is your privilege and mine4 ,then you will have amusing reminiscences4 ,no great writer but can look back and say1 ',what a fool ,i was6' ,realisation results from ten per cent4 inspiration and ninety per cent4 perspiration4 ,a liberal quantity of this mixture will bring one to the ,high ,road4 ,the ,high ,road is smooth4 ,but anyone may travel it who wishes--and works sufficiently hard4 ,not much1 the making and selling of photographs8 ,the start of the trail may be barren and unpromising2 but the persevering fellow who follows it persistently will find that it suddenly widens and blossoms and lo1 opens full into the ,high ,road4 ,,the ,,end