,a ,,philosophical ,,diction>y ,,volume ,,viii ,by ,,voltaire ,,edition ,,de ,,la ,,pacification ,,! ,,works ,,( ,,voltaire ,a ,,contempor>y ,,v]sion ,) ,notes by ,tobias ,smollett1 ,revis$ & ,mod]niz$ ,new ,translations by ,william ,f4 ,flem+1 & an ,introduction by ,oliv] ,h4,g4 ,leigh ,a ,,critique ,,& ,,biography ,,by ,,! ,,rt4 ,,hon4 ,,john ,,morley ,,=ty-,,?ree ,,volumes ,"o hundr$ & sixty-eight designs1 compris+ reproductions ( r>e old engrav+s1 /eel plates1 photogravures1 & curi\s fac-similes ,,volume ,,xii ,e4,r4 ,du,m,o,n,t ,,p>is--,,london--,,new ,,york--,,*icago #aija ,! ,,works ( ,,voltaire ,betwe5 two s]vants ( ,humanity1 :o appe>$ eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ap>t1 !re is a my/]i\s relation4 99 99 99 99 ,let u say x ) a s5tim5t ( pr(\nd respect3 ,,jesus ,,wept3 ,,voltaire ,,smil$4 ,( t div9e te> & ( t human smile is compos$ ! sweetness ( ! pres5t civilization4 ,,victor ,,hugo4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,plates--,vol4 ,,viii ,,allegorical ,,bu/ ,,( ,,voltaire--frontispiece ,,! ,,initiate ,,bani%+ ,,! ,,prie/ ,,jean ,,jacques ,,r\sseau ,,john ,,calv9 ,illu/ration3 ,allegorical bu/ ( ,voltaire4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,voltaire ,a ,,philosophical ,,diction>y4 ,,9 ,,t5 ,,volumes ,,vol4 ,,viii ,,money--,,privilege 99 99 99 99 99 ,,money4 ,a ^w made use ( to express gold4 ,sir1 w y l5d me a hundr$ l\is d'or8 ,sir1 ,i w\ld ) all my he>t1 b ,i h no money2 ,i am out ( ready money4 ,! ,italian w say to y3 ,signore1 non ha di dan>i--,i h no d5i]s4 ,h>pagon asks ,matre ,jacques3 ,wilt ?\ make a good ent]ta9m5t8 ,yes1 if y w give me pl5ty ( money4 ,we cont9ually inquire :i* ( ! c\ntries ( ,europe is ! ri*e/ 9 money8 ,by t we mean1 :i* is ! p :o circulate ! mo/ metals repres5tative ( objects ( comm]ce8 ,9 ! same mann] we ask1 :i* is ! poore/8 & ?irty cont5d+ nations pres5t !mselves--! ,we/phalian1 ,lim\s91 ,basque1 ,tyrolese1 ,valois1 ,grison1 ,i/rian1 ,scot*1 & ,iri%1 ! ,swiss ( a small canton1 & above all ! subjects ( ! pope4 ,9 decid+ :i* has mo/1 we hesitate at pres5t betwe5 ,france1 ,spa91 & ,holl&1 :i* _h none 9 #afjj4 ,=m]ly1 9 ! ?irte5?1 f\rte5?1 & fifte5? c5turies1 ! prov9ce ( ! papal treasury _h no d\bt ! mo/ ready money1 & !re=e ! greate/ trade4 ,h[ d y sell t8 w\ld be ask$ ( a !ological m]*ant1 :o repli$1 ,= z mu* z ! p are fools en\gh to give me4 ,all ,europe !n s5t its money to ! ,roman c\rt1 :o gave 9 *ange consecrat$ beads1 agnuses1 indulg5ces pl5>y & limit$1 disp5sations1 confirmations1 exemptions1 b5$ictions1 & ev5 excommunications aga9/ ^? :om ! subscrib] *ose1 & :o _h n suffici5t fai? 9 ! c\rt ( ,rome4 ,! ,v5etians sold no?+ ( all ?is1 b !y trad$ ) all ! ,we/ by ,alex&ria1 & x 0 ?r\gh !m only t we _h pepp] & c9namon4 ,! money :i* w5t n to ! papal treasury came to !m1 except+ a little to ! ,tuscans & ,g5oese4 ,all ! o!r k+doms ( ,europe 7 s poor 9 ready money t ,*>les ,,viii4 0 oblig$ to borr[ ! jewels ( ! du*ess ( ,savoy & put !m 9 pawn1 to raise funds to conqu] ,naples1 :i* he soon lo/ aga94 ,! ,v5etians support$ /rong] armies ?an 84 ,a noble ,v5etian _h m gold 9 8 c(f]s1 & m vessels ( silv] on 8 table1 ?an ! emp]or ,maximilian surnam$ ,po*i dan>i4 ,?+s *ang$ :5 ! ,portuguese trad$ ) ,india z conqu]ors1 & ! ,spani>ds subjugat$ ,mexico & ,p]u ) six or sev5 hundr$ m54 ,we "k t !n ! comm]ce ( ,v5ice1 & ! o!r t[ns ( ,italy all fell to ! gr\nd4 ,philip ,,ii41 ! ma/] ( ,spa91 ,portugal1 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 ! ,two ,sicilies1 & ! ,milanese1 ( fifte5 hundr$ leagues ( coa/ 9 ,asia1 & m9es ( gold & silv] 9 ,am]ica1 0 ! only ri*1 & consequ5tly ! only p[]ful pr9ce 9 ,europe4 ,! spies :om he ga9$ 9 ,france kiss$ on _! knees ! ,ca?olic d\bloons1 & ! small numb] ( angels & c>oluses :i* circulat$ 9 t c\ntry _h n mu* cr$it4 ,x is pret5d$ t ,am]ica & ,asia br\ght him 9 ne>ly t5 million ducats ( rev5ue4 ,he w\ld h really b\ght ,europe ) 8 money1 b = ! iron ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 & ! fleets ( ,que5 ,elizabe?4 ,! ,dictionnaire ,encyclopdique1 9 ! article on ,arg5t1 quotes ! ,spirits ( ,laws1 9 :i* x is said3 ,i h he>d deplor$ a ?\s& times1 ! bl9dness ( ! c\ncil ( ,francis ,i41 :o reject$ ! proposal ( ,*ri/oph] ,columbus = ! discov]y ( ! ,indies--p]haps ?is imprud5ce has turn$ out a v wise ?+4 ,we see by ! enorm\s p[] ( ,philip t ! pret5d$ c\ncil ( ,francis ,i4 c\ld n h done su* a wise ?+4 ,b let u cont5t ourselves ) rem>k+ t ,francis ,i4 0 n born :5 x is pret5d$ t he refus$ ! (f]s ( ,*ri/oph] ,columbus4 ,! ,g5oese capta9 l&$ 9 ,am]ica 9 #adib1 & ,francis ,i4 0 born 9 #adig1 & did n asc5d ! ?rone until #aeae4 ,let u "h comp>e ! rev5ues ( ,h5ry ,,iii41 ,h5ry ,,iv41 & ,que5 ,elizabe?1 ) ^? ( ,philip ,,ii4 ,! ord9>y income ( ,elizabe? 0 only "o hundr$ ?\s& p\nd /]l+1 & ) extras x 01 "o ye> ) ano!r1 f\r hundr$ ?\s&2 b %e requir$ ?is surplus to def5d h]self f ,philip ,,ii4 ,)\t extreme economy %e w\ld h be5 lo/1 & ,engl& ) h]4 ,! rev5ue ( ,h5ry ,,iii4 inde$ increas$ to ?irty millions ( livres ( 8 "t2 ?is1 to ! sum t ,philip drew f ! ,indies1 0 z ?ree to t52 b n m ?an a ?ird ( ?is money ent]$ into ! c(f]s ( ,h5ry ,,iii41 :o 0 v prodigal1 greatly robb$1 & consequ5tly v poor4 ,we f9d t ,philip ,,ii4 9 "o article 0 t5 times ri*] ?an ,h5ry4 ,z to ,h5ry ,,iv41 x is n wor? :ile to comp>e 8 treasures ) ^? ( ,philip ,,ii4 ,until ! ,peace ( ,v]v9s1 he _h only :at he c\ld borr[ or w9 at ! po9t ( 8 sword2 & he liv$ z a knight-errant1 until ! "t 9 :i* he became ! fir/ k+ 9 ,europe4 ,engl& _h always be5 s poor t ,k+ ,edw>d ,,iii4 0 ! fir/ k+ :o co9$ money ( gold4 ,w\ld we "k :at became ( ! money :i* fl[$ cont9ually f ,mexico & ,p]u into ,spa98 ,x ent]$ ! pockets ( ! ,fr5*1 ,engli% & ,dut*1 :o trad$ ) ,cadiz "u ,spani% names2 & :o s5t to ,am]ica ! productions ( _! manufactories4 ,a great "p ( ?is money goes to ! ,ea/ ,indies to pay = spices1 cotton1 saltpetre1 sug>1 c&y1 tea1 clo?s1 diamonds1 & monkeys4 ,we may aft]w>ds dem&1 :at is become ( all ! treasures ( ! ,indies8 ,i answ] t ,%ah ,?amas ,k\li-,khan or ,%ah ,nadir _h c>ri$ away all ^? ( ! great ,mogul1 toge!r ) 8 jewels4 ,y w\ld "k :]e ^? jewels are1 & ?is money t ,%ah ,nadir c>ri$ ) him into ,p]sia8 ,a "p 0 hidd5 9 ! e>? dur+ ! civil w>s2 pr$atory lead]s made use ( ! re/ to raise troops aga9/ "o ano!r2 =1 z ,cs> v well rem>ks3 ,) money we get soldi]s1 & ) soldi]s we /eal money4 ,y\r curiosity is n yet satisfi$2 y are tr\bl$ to "k :at h become ( ! treasures ( ,seso/ris1 ( ,cr1 ,cyrus1 ,nebu*adnezz>1 & above all ( ,solomon1 :o1 x is said1 _h to 8 own %>e equal to tw5ty millions & m ( our p\nds 9 8 c(f]s4 ,i w tell y4 ,x is spread all ov] ! _w4 ,?+s f9d _! level 9 "t4 ,be sure1 t 9 ! "t ( ,cyrus1 ! ,gauls1 ,g]many1 ,d5m>k1 ,pol&1 & ,russia1 _h n a cr[n4 ,besides1 t :i* is lo/ 9 gild+1 :i* is fool$ away ^u our ,lady ( ,loretto1 & o!r places1 & :i* has be5 swall[$ up by ! av>ici\s sea mu/ be c\nt$4 ,h[ did ! ,romans "u _! great ,romulus1 ! son ( ,m>s1 & a ve/al1 & "u ! dev\t ,numa ,pompilius8 ,!y _h a ,jupit] ( oak2 rudely c>v$ huts = palaces2 a h&ful ( hay at ! end ( a /ick = a /&>d2 & n a piece ( money ( twelve s\s value 9 _! pockets4 ,our coa*m5 h gold wat*es t ! sev5 k+s ( ,rome1 ! ,camilluses1 ,manliuses1 & ,fabiuses1 c\ld n h paid =4 ,if by *ance ! wife ( a receiv]-g5]al ( f9ances 0 to h ?is *apt] read at h] toilette by ! bel-esprit ( ! h\se1 %e w\ld h a /range contempt = ! ,romans ( ! ?ree fir/ c5turies1 & w\ld n all[ a ,manlius1 ,curius1 or ,fabius to ent] h] ante*amb]1 %\ld he come on foot1 & n h :]e)al to take 8 "p at play4 ,_! ready money 0 ( brass4 ,x s]v$ at once = arms & money4 ,!y f\ght & reckon$ ) brass4 ,?ree or f\r p\nds ( brass1 ( twelve ounces weight1 paid = an ox4 ,!y b\ght necess>ies at m>ket1 z we buy !m at pres5t2 & m5 _h1 z 9 all times1 food1 clo?+1 & habitations4 ,! ,romans1 poor] ?an _! neighbors1 conqu]$ !m1 & cont9ually augm5t$ _! t]ritory = ! space ( five hundr$ ye>s1 be=e !y co9$ silv] money4 ,! soldi]s ( ,gu/avus ,adolphus 9 ,sw$5 _h no?+ b copp] money = _! pay1 be=e ! "t t !y made conque/s out ( _! own c\ntry4 ,provid$ we h a pl$ge ( ex*ange = ! necess>y ?+s ( life1 comm]ce w cont9ually g on4 ,x signifies n :e!r ?is pl$ge be ( %ells or pap]4 ,gold & silv] h prevail$ ev]y:]e1 only because !y h be5 ! mo/ r>e4 ,x 0 9 ,asia t ! fir/ manufactures ( money ( ^! two metals comm5c$1 because ,asia 0 ! cradle ( all ! arts4 ,!re c]ta9ly 0 no money 9 ! ,trojan w>4 ,gold & silv] pass$ by weight2 ,agamemnon might h _h a treasure1 b c]ta9ly no money4 ,:at has made sev]al h>dy s*ol>s suspect t ! ,p5tateu* 0 n writt5 until ! "t 9 :i* ! ,hebrews began to procure co9s f _! neighbors is t 9 m ?an "o passage m5tion is made ( %ekels4 ,x is !re said t ,abraham1 :o 0 a /rang] & _h n an in* ( l& 9 ! c\ntry ( ,canaan1 b\ght !re a field & a cave 9 :i* to bury 8 wife1 = f\r hundr$ %ekels ( silv] curr5t money4 ,! judici\s ,dom ,calmet values ?is sum at f\r hundr$ & =ty-eight livres1 six s\s1 n9e d5i]s1 accord+ to ! anci5t calculation adopt$ at r&om1 9 :i* ! silv] m>k 0 ( six-&-tw5ty livres value4 ,z ! silv] m>k has1 h[ev]1 increas$ by half ! sum1 ! pres5t value w\ld be eight hundr$ & n9ety-six livres4 ,n[1 z 9 t "t !re 0 no co9$ money answ]+ to ! ^w pecunia1 t w\ld make a little difficulty1 f :i* x is n easy to extricate ourselves4 ,ano!r difficulty is1 t 9 "o place x is said t ,abraham b\ght ?is field 9 ,hebron1 & 9 ano!r at ,si*em4 ,on t po9t consult ! v5]able ,b$e1 ,raban1 ,maure1 & ,emanuel ,sa4 ,we w n[ speak ( ! ri*es :i* ,david left to ,solomon 9 co9$ money4 ,"s make x am\nt to tw5ty-"o or tw5ty-two millions ( ,fr5* livres1 o!rs to five-&-tw5ty4 ,!re is no keep] ( ! royal treasure1 nor teft]dan ( ! gr& ,turk's1 :o c exactly compute ! treasure ( ,k+ ,solomon2 b ! "y ba*elors ( ,ox=d & ! ,sorbonne make out ! am\nt )\t difficulty4 ,i w n speak ( ! innum]able adv5tures :i* h happ5$ to money s9ce x has be5 /amp$1 m>k$1 valu$1 alt]$1 increas$1 buri$1 & /ol51 hav+ ?r\gh all its trans=mations con/antly rema9$ ! idol ( mank9d4 ,x is s mu* lov$ t among all ,*ri/ian pr9ces !re /ill exi/s an old law :i* is n to all[ gold & silv] to g out ( _! k+doms4 ,?is law implies "o ( two ?+s--ei!r t ^! pr9ces reign ov] fools :o lavi% _! money 9 a =eign c\ntry = _! pleasure1 or t we mu/ n pay our debts to =eign]s4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 cle> t no p]son is fooli% en\gh to give 8 money )\t reason1 & t1 :5 we are 9 debt to a =eign]1 we %\ld pay him ei!r 9 bills ( ex*ange1 commodities1 or legitimate co94 ,?us ?is law has n be5 execut$ s9ce we began to op5 our eyes--:i* is n long ago4 ,!re are _m ?+s to be said on co9$ money2 z on ! unju/ & ridicul\s augm5tation ( specie1 :i* sudd5ly loses consid]able sums to a /ate on ! melt+ d[n aga92 on ! re-/amp+1 ) an augm5tation ( ideal value1 :i* augm5tation invites all y\r neighbors & all y\r enemies to re-co9 y\r money & ga9 at y\r exp5se2 9 %ort1 on tw5ty o!r equally ru9\s exp$i5ts4 ,sev]al new books are full ( judici\s rem>ks ^u ?is subject4 ,x is m easy to write on money ?an to obta9 x2 & ^? :o ga9 x1 je/ mu* at ^? :o only "k h[ to write ab\t x4 ,9 g5]al1 ! art ( gov]nm5t consi/s 9 tak+ z mu* money z possible f "o "p ( ! citiz5s to give to ! o!r4 ,x is dem&$1 if x be possible radically to ru9 a k+dom ( :i* ! soil 9 g5]al is f]tile4 ,we answ] t ! ?+ is n practicable1 s9ce f ! w> ( #afhi till ! end ( #agfi1 9 :i* we write1 ev]y?+ has cont9ually be5 done :i* c\ld ru9 ,france & leave x )\t res\rce1 & yet x nev] c\ld be br\ght ab\t4 ,x is a s\nd body :i* has _h a fev] ( eighty ye>s ) relapses1 & :i* has be5 9 ! h&s ( quacks1 b :i* w survive4 ,,mon/]s4 ,! def9ition ( mon/]s is m difficult ?an is g5]ally imag9$4 ,are we to apply ! t]m to animals ( enorm\s size2 to a fi%1 or a s]p5t fifte5 feet long1 = in/ance8 ,!re are "s1 h[ev]1 t are tw5ty or ev5 ?irty feet long1 9 comp>ison ) :i* ( c\rse ! o!rs1 in/ead ( enorm\s or mon/r\s1 w\ld appe> small4 ,!re are mon/]s ?r\gh defect4 ,b1 if a g5]ally well-made & h&some man 7 de/itute f 8 bir? ( ! little toes & little f+]s1 w\ld he be a mon/]8 ,tee? are m necess>y to a man2 ,i h se5 a man :o nev] _h a too?4 ,he 0 9 o!r respects pleas+ 9 8 p]son4 ,be+ de/itute ( ! organs ( g5]ation1 /ill m necess>y 9 ! sy/em ( nature1 w\ld n con/itute ! p]son ?us defective a mon/]4 ,!re are mon/]s by excess z well z by defect4 ,b ^? :o h six f+]s1 or ?ree te/icles1 or two p]=ations in/ead ( "o1 or ! sp9e elongat$ 9 ! =m ( a small tail1 are n consid]$ mon/]s4 ,! ?ird k9d consi/s ( ^? :i* h memb]s ( o!r animals2 z1 = example1 a lion ) ! w+s ( an o/ri*1 or a s]p5t ) ! w+s ( an eagle1 l ! griff9 & ixion ( ! ,jews4 ,b all bats h w+s1 & fly+ fi% h !m1 )\t be+ mon/]s4 ,let u1 !n1 res]ve ! "n = animals ^: de=mities /rike u ) horror4 ,yet ! fir/ negro1 ^u ?is idea1 0 a mon/] to :ite wom52 & ! mo/ admirable ( ,european beauties 0 a mon/] 9 ! eyes ( negroes4 ,if ,polyphemus & ! ,cyclops _h really exi/$1 p :o c>ri$ an eye on ea* side ( ! root ( ! nose1 w\ld1 9 ! isl& ( ,lip>i1 & ! neighborhood ( ,m\nt tna1 h be5 pron\nc$ mon/]s4 ,i once saw1 at a fair1 a "y woman ) f\r nipples1 or r dugs1 & :at resembl$ ! tail ( a c[ hang+ d[n betwe5 !m4 ,%e 0 decid$ly a mon/] :5 %e display$ h] neck1 b 0 r an agreeable woman 9 appe>ance :5 %e conceal$ x4 ,c5taurs & ,m9otaurs w\ld h be5 mon/]s1 b beautiful mon/]s4 ,! well-proportion$ body ( a horse s]v+ z a base or support to ! upp] "p ( a man w\ld h be5 a ma/]piece ( nature's workman%ip on e>?2 j z we draw ! ma/]pieces ( heav5--^? spirits :i* we call angels1 & :i* we pa9t & sculpture 9 our *ur*es--adorn$ sometimes ) two w+s1 sometimes ) f\r1 & sometimes ev5 ) six4 ,we h already ask$1 ) ! judici\s ,locke1 :at is ! b\nd>y ( di/9ction betwe5 ! human & m]ely animal figure2 :at is ! po9t ( mon/rosity at :i* x w\ld be prop] to take y\r /& aga9/ baptiz+ an infant1 aga9/ admitt+ x z a memb] ( ! human species1 aga9/ accord+ to x ! possession ( a s\l8 ,we h se5 t ?is b\nd>y is z difficult to be settl$ z x is difficult to asc]ta9 :at a s\l is2 = !re c]ta9ly are none :o "k :at x is b !ologians4 ,:y %\ld ! satyrs :i* ,/4 ,j]ome saw1 ! (fspr+ ( wom5 & baboons1 h be5 reput$ mon/]s8 ,might x n be ?\ght1 on ! contr>y1 t _! lot 0 9 reality happi] ?an ours8 ,mu/ !y n h possess$ m /r5g? & m agility8 & w\ld !y n h laugh$ at u z an un=tunate race1 to :om nature _h refus$ bo? tails & clo?+8 ,a mule1 ! (fspr+ ( two diff]5t species2 a jum>t1 ! (fspr+ ( a bull & a m>e2 a t>91 ! (fspr+1 we are told1 ( a can>y bird & h5 l9net--are n mon/]s4 ,b h[ is x t mules1 jum>ts1 & t>9s1 :i* are ?us produc$ 9 nature1 d n !mselves reproduce8 ,& h[ d ! sem9i/s1 ovi/s1 or animalculi/s1 expla91 ^u _! respective !ories1 ! =mation ( ^! mongrel productions8 ,i w tell y pla9ly1 t !y d n expla9 x at all4 ,! sem9i/s nev] discov]$ h[ x is t ! ass communicates to 8 mule (fspr+ a resemblance only 9 ! e>s & crupp]2 ! ovi/s nei!r in=m u1 nor und]/& h[ a m>e %\ld conta9 9 h] egg any?+ b an animal ( h] own species4 ,& ! animalculi/s _c p]ceive h[ a m9ute embryo ( an ass c\ld introduce its e>s into ! matrix ( a m>e4 ,! !ori/ :o1 9 a "w entitl$ ! ,philosophy ( ,v5us1 ma9ta9$ t all animals & all mon/]s are =m$ by attraction1 0 /ill less successful ?an ^? j m5tion$1 9 acc\nt+ = ph5om5a s common & yet s surpris+4 ,alas6 my good fri5ds6 y none ( y "k h[ y orig9ate y\r own (fspr+2 y are ignorant ( ! secrets ( nature 9 y\r own species1 & yet va9ly attempt to develop !m 9 ! mule6 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be confid5tly presum$1 9 ref]5ce to a mon/] by defect1 t ! :ole sem9al matt] did n rea* its de/9$ appropriation2 or1 p]haps1 t ! small sp]matic worm _h lo/ a portion ( its sub/ance2 or1 p]haps t ! egg 0 craz$ & injur$4 ,) respect to a mon/] by excess1 y may imag9e t "s portions ( ! sem9al matt] sup]ab\nd$2 t ( two sp]matic worms unit$1 "o c\ld only animate a s+le memb] ( ! animal1 & t t memb] rema9s 9 sup]]ogation2 t two eggs h bl5d$ toge!r1 & t "o ( !m has produc$ b a s+le memb]1 :i* 0 jo9$ to ! body ( ! o!r4 ,b :at w\ld y say ( s _m mon/rosities aris+ f ! addition ( p>ts ( animals ( a totally diff]5t species8 ,h[ w\ld y expla9 a crab on ! neck ( a girl8 or ! tail ( a rat ^u ! ?igh8 or1 above all1 ! f\r dugs & tail ( a c[1 :i* 0 exhibit$ at ! fair at ,/4 ,g]ma98 ,y w\ld be r$uc$ to ! supposition t ! un=tunate woman's "m belong$ to ! v extraord9>y family ( ,pasiph4 ,let ea* ( u boldly & hone/ly say1 ,h[ little is x t ,i really "k4 ,,morality4 ,babbl]s1 prea*]s1 extravagant controv]siali/s6 endeavor to rememb] t y\r ma/] nev] ann\nc$ t ! sacram5t 0 ! visible sign ( an invisible ?+2 ,he has n[h]e admitt$ f\r c>d9al virtues1 & ?ree div9e ones4 ,he has nev] decid$ :e!r ,8 "m came into ! _w maculate or immaculate4 ,cease1 !re=e1 to repeat ?+s :i* nev] ent]$ into ,8 m9d4 ,he has said1 9 con=mity ) a tru? z anci5t z ! _w--,love ,god & y\r neighbor4 ,abide by t precept1 mis]able cavill]s6 ,prea* morality & no?+ m4 ,obs]ve x1 & let ! tribunals no long] e*o ) y\r prosecutions2 snat* no long]1 by ! claw ( an attorney1 _! morsel ( bread f ! wid[ & ! orphan4 ,dispute n conc]n+ "s petty b5efice ) ! same fury z ! papacy 0 disput$ 9 ! great s*ism ( ! ,we/4 ,monks6 place n to ! utmo/ ( y\r p[]1 ! univ]se "u contribution1 & we may !n be able to believe y4 ,i h j read ^! words 9 a piece ( declamation 9 f\rte5 volumes1 entitl$1 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,l[] ,empire2 ,! ,*ri/ians _h a morality1 b ! ,pagans _h none4 ,oh1 ,m4 ,le ,beau6 au?or ( ^! f\rte5 volumes1 :]e did y pick up ?is absurdity8 ,:at becomes ( ! morality ( ,socrates1 ( ,zaleucus1 ( ,*>ondas1 ( ,cic]o1 ( ,epictetus1 & ( ,m>cus ,aurelius8 ,!re is b "o morality1 ,m4 ,le ,beau1 z !re is b "o geometry4 ,b y w tell me t ! great] "p ( mank9d are ignorant ( geometry4 ,true2 b if !y apply a little to ! /udy ( x1 all m5 draw ! same conclusions4 ,agriculturi/s1 manufactur]s1 artisans1 d n g ?r\gh a regul> c\rse ( morality2 !y read nei!r ! ,de ,f9ibus ( ,cic]o1 nor ! ,e?ics ( ,ari/otle2 b z soon z !y reflect1 !y are1 )\t kn[+ x1 disciples ( ,cic]o4 ,! ,indian dy]1 ! ,t>t>ian %eph]d1 & ! ,engli% seaman1 are acqua9t$ ) ju/ice & inju/ice4 ,confucius did n inv5t a sy/em ( morals1 z m5 con/ruct physical sy/ems4 ,he f\nd 8 9 ! he>ts ( all mank9d4 ,?is morality exi/$ 9 ! bosom ( ! prtor ,fe/us1 :5 ! ,jews press$ him to put ,paul to dea? = hav+ tak5 /rang]s into _! temple4 ,le>n1 said he1 t ! ,romans nev] condemn any "o unhe>d4 ,if ! ,jews 7 defici5t 9 a moral s5se1 ! ,romans 7 n1 & paid x homage4 ,!re is no morality 9 sup]/ition2 x exi/s n 9 c]emonies1 & has no?+ to d ) dogmas4 ,we _c repeat too frequ5tly t dogmas diff]1 b t morality is ! same among all m5 :o make use ( _! reason4 ,morality proce$s f ,god1 l light2 our sup]/itions are only d>kness4 ,reflect1 read]2 pursue ! tru?1 & draw ! consequ5ces4 ,,moses4 ,,section ,i4 ,philosophy1 ( :i* we sometimes pass ! b\nd>ies1 rese>*es ( antiquity1 & ! _s ( discussion & criticism1 h be5 c>ri$ s f> t sev]al le>n$ m5 h f9ally d\bt$ if !re ev] 0 a ,moses1 & :e!r ?is man 0 n an imag9>y be+1 su* z 7 ,p]seus1 ,bac*us1 ,atlas1 ,p5!silea1 ,ve/a1 ,rhea ,silvia1 ,isis1 ,sammonocodom1 ,fo1 ,m]cury1 ,trismegi/us1 ,od91 ,m]l91 ,francus1 ,rob]t ! ,devil1 & s _m o!r h]oes ( romance ^: lives & pr[ess h be5 record$4 ,x is n v likely1 say ! incr$ul\s1 t a man ev] exi/$ ^: life is a cont9ual prodigy4 ,x is n v likely t he work$ s _m /up5d\s miracles 9 ,egypt1 ,arabia1 & ,syria1 )\t _! be+ kn[n ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,x is n likely t no ,egyptian or ,greek writ] %\ld h transmitt$ ^! miracles to po/]ity4 ,!y are m5tion$ by ! ,jews alone2 & 9 ! "t t ?is hi/ory 0 writt5 by !m1 !y 7 n kn[n to any nation--n inde$ until t[>ds ! second c5tury4 ,! fir/ au?or :o expressly quotes ! ,book ( ,moses is ,long9us1 m9i/] ( ,que5 ,z5obia1 9 ! "t ( ! emp]or ,aurelian4 ,x is to be rem>k$ t ! au?or ( ! ,m]cury ,trismegi/us1 :o c]ta9ly 0 an ,egyptian1 says n a s+le ^w ab\t ?is ,moses4 ,if a s+le anci5t au?or _h relat$ a s+le "o ( ^! miracles1 ,eusebius w\ld no d\bt h triumph$ 9 ?is evid5ce1 ei!r 9 8 ,hi/ory or 9 8 ,evangelical ,prep>ation4 ,x is true1 he m5tions au?ors :o h quot$ 8 "n1 b none :o h cit$ 8 prodigies4 ,be=e him1 ! ,jews1 ,josephus & ,philo1 :o h s mu* celebrat$ _! own nation1 s\ght all ! writ]s 9 :i* ! "n ( ,moses is f\nd1 b !re 0 n a s+le "o :o made ! lea/ m5tion ( ! m>vell\s actions attribut$ to him4 ,9 ?is sil5ce ( ! :ole _w1 ! incr$ul\s reason ) a tem]ity :i* refutes itself4 ,! ,jews are ! only p :o possess$ ! ,p5tateu*1 :i* !y attribute to ,moses4 ,x is said1 ev5 9 _! books1 t ?is ,p5tateu* 0 n kn[n until ! reign ( _! k+ ,josiah1 ?irty-six ye>s be=e ! de/ruction & captivity ( ,j]usalem2 & !y !n only possess$ a s+le copy1 :i* ! prie/ ,hilkiah f\nd at ! bottom ( a /rong box1 :ile c\nt+ money4 ,! prie/ s5t x to ! k+ by 8 scribe ,%aphan4 ,all ?is1 say !y1 necess>ily obscures ! au!nticity ( ! ,p5tateu*4 ,9 %ort1 if ! ,p5tateu* 0 kn[n to all ! ,jews1 w\ld ,solomon--! wise ,solomon1 inspir$ by ,god ,himself to build a temple--h ornam5t$ ?is temple ) s _m /atues1 contr>y to ! express ord] ( ,moses8 ,all ! ,jewi% prophets1 :o prophesi$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l f ! "t ( ,moses till t ( ,k+ ,josiah1 w\ld !y n h be5 support$ 9 all _! prophecies by ! laws ( ,moses8 ,w\ld !y n a ?\s& times h quot$ 8 own words8 ,w\ld !y n h comm5t$ ^u !m8 ,none ( !m1 h[ev]1 quote two l9es--no "o foll[s ! text ( ,moses--!y ev5 oppose !m 9 sev]al places4 ,accord+ to ^! unbeliev]s1 ! books attribut$ to ,moses 7 only writt5 among ! ,babylonians dur+ ! captivity1 or imm$iately aft]w>ds by ,esdras4 ,inde$1 we see only ,p]sian & ,*aldan t]m9ations 9 ! ,jewi% writ+s3 ,babel1 gate ( ,god2 ,phegor-beel1 or ,beel-phegor1 god ( ! precipices2 ,zebu?-beel1 or ,beel-zebu?1 god ( insects2 ,be!l1 h\se ( ,god2 ,daniel1 judgm5t ( ,god2 ,gabriel1 man ( ,god2 ,jahel1 afflict$ ( ,god2 ,jael1 ! life ( ,god2 ,israel1 see+ ,god2 ,oviel1 /r5g? ( ,god2 ,raphael1 help ( ,god2 ,uriel1 fire ( ,god4 ,?us1 all is =eign 9 ! ,jewi% nation1 a /rang] itself 9 ,pale/9e2 circumcision1 c]emonies1 sacrifices1 ! ark1 ! *]ubim1 ! goat ,hazazel1 baptism ( ju/ice1 simple baptism1 pro(s1 div9ation1 int]pretation ( dreams1 en*antm5t ( s]p5ts--no?+ orig9at$ among ^! p1 no?+ 0 inv5t$ by !m4 ,! celebrat$ ,"l ,bol+broke believ$ n t ,moses ev] exi/$2 he ?\ght he saw 9 ! ,p5tateu* a cr[d ( contradictions & puzzl+ *ronological & geographical faults2 names ( t[ns n !n built1 precepts giv5 to k+s at a "t :5 n only ! ,jews _h no k+s1 b 9 :i* x is probable !re 7 none1 s9ce !y liv$ 9 des]ts1 9 t5ts1 9 ! mann] ( ! ,b$\9 ,arabs4 ,:at appe>s to him above all ! mo/ palpable contradiction is ! gift ( =ty-eight cities ) _! suburbs1 made to ! ,levites 9 a c\ntry 9 :i* !re 0 n a s+le village2 & x is pr9cipally on ^! =ty-eight cities t he refutes ,abbadie1 & ev5 has ! cruelty to treat him ) ! av]sion & contempt ( a "l ( ! ,upp] ,*amb]1 or a m9i/] ( /ate t[>ds a petty =eign prie/ :o w\ld be s imp]t95t z to reason ) him4 ,i w take ! lib]ty ( repres5t+ to ,visc\nt ,bol+broke1 & to all ^? :o ?9k ) him1 n only t ! ,jewi% nation has always believ$ 9 ! exi/5ce ( ,moses1 & 9 t ( 8 books1 b t ev5 ,jesus ,*ri/ has ackn[l$g$ him4 ,! f\r ,gospels1 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 recognize him4 ,/4 ,mat!w says expressly1 t ,moses & ,elias appe>$ to ,jesus ,*ri/ on ! m\nta9 dur+ ! night ( ! transfiguration1 & ,/4 ,luke says ! same4 ,jesus ,*ri/ decl>es 9 ,/4 ,mat!w t he is n come to aboli% ?is law1 b to accompli% x4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 we are (t5 ref]r$ to ! law ( ,moses & to ! prophets4 ,! :ole ,*ur* has always believ$ ! ,p5tateu* writt5 by ,moses2 & fur!r1 ( five hundr$ diff]5t societies1 :i* h be5 s long e/abli%$ 9 ,*ri/5dom1 none h ev] d\bt$ ! exi/5ce ( ?is great prophet4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 submit our reason1 z s _m m5 h done be=e u4 ,i "k v well t ,i %all ga9 no?+ 9 ! m9d ( ! visc\nt1 or ( ^? ( 8 op9ion4 ,!y are too well p]suad$ t ! ,jewi% books 7 n writt5 until v late1 & dur+ ! captivity ( ! two tribes :i* rema9$4 ,b we %all possess ! consolation ( hav+ ! ,*ur* ) u4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,if y w\ld be in/ruct$ & amus$ ) antiquity1 read ! life ( ,moses 9 ! article on ,apocrypha4 ,9 va9 h sev]al s*ol>s believ$ t ! ,p5tateu* c\ld n h be5 writt5 by ,moses4 ,!y say t x is affirm$ ev5 by ! ,scripture1 t ! fir/ kn[n copy 0 f\nd 9 ! "t ( ,k+ ,josiah1 & t ?is s+le copy 0 br\ght to ! k+ by ! secret>y ,%aphan4 ,n[1 betwe5 ! "t ( ,moses & ?is adv5ture ( ! secret>y ,%aphan1 !re 7 "o ?\s& "o hundr$ & sixty-sev5 ye>s1 by ! ,hebrew computation4 ,= ,god appe>$ to ,moses 9 ! burn+ bu%1 9 ! ye> ( ! _w #bbac1 & ! secret>y ,%aphan publi%$ ! book ( ! law 9 ! ye> ( ! _w #cchj4 ,?is book f\nd "u ,josiah1 0 unkn[n until ! return f ! ,babyloni% captivity2 & x is said t x 0 ,esdras1 inspir$ by ,god1 :o br\ght ! ,holy ,scriptures to light4 ,b :e!r x 0 ,esdras or ano!r :o dige/$ ?is book is absolutely indiff]5t1 s9ce x is inspir$4 ,x is n said 9 ! ,p5tateu*1 t ,moses 0 ! au?or2 we might1 !re=e1 be p]mitt$ to attribute x to ! decl>ation ( "s o!r div9e m9d1 if ! ,*ur* _h n decid$ t ! book is by ,moses4 ,"s oppos]s add1 t no prophet has quot$ ! books ( ! ,p5tateu*1 t !re is no m5tion ( x ei!r 9 ! ,psalms or 9 ! books attribut$ to ,solomon1 9 ,j]emiah or ,isaiah1 or1 9 %ort1 9 any canonical book ( ! ,jews4 ,words answ]+ to ^? ( ,g5esis1 ,exodus1 ,numb]s1 ,leviticus1 ,deut]onomy1 are n f\nd 9 any o!r language recogniz$ by !m z au!ntic4 ,o!rs1 /ill m bold1 h put ! foll[+ que/ions3 #a4 ,9 :at language c\ld ,moses h writt5 9 a savage des]t8 ,x c\ld only be 9 ,egyptian2 = by ?is same book we are told t ,moses & all 8 p 7 born 9 ,egypt4 ,x is !re=e probable t !y spoke no o!r language4 ,! ,egyptians _h yet made no use ( papyrus2 !y engrav$ hi]oglyphics on tables ( wood or m>ble4 ,x is ev5 said1 t ! tables ( ! comm&m5ts 7 engrav$ on poli%$ /ones1 :i* requir$ prodigi\s "t & labor4 #b4 ,is x likely1 t 9 a des]t :]e ! ,jewi% p _h nei!r %oemak] nor tailor--9 :i* ! ,god ( ! univ]se 0 oblig$ to "w a cont9ual miracle to pres]ve ! old dresses & %oes ( ! ,jews--m5 c\ld be f\nd clev] en\gh to engrave ! five books ( ! ,p5tateu* on m>ble or wood8 ,y w say1 t !y f\nd labor]s :o made a gold5 calf 9 "o night1 & :o aft]w>ds r$uc$ ! gold into p[d]--an op]ation impracticable to common *emi/ry1 :i* 0 n yet discov]$4 ,:o con/ruct$ ! tab]nacle8 ,:o ornam5t$ ?irty columns ( brass ) capitals ( silv]8 ,:o wove & embroid]$ veils ( l95 ) hyac9?1 purple1 & sc>let8 ,an acc\nt t supports ! op9ion ( ! contradictors4 ,!y answ]1 t x 0 n possible t 9 a des]t1 :]e !y 7 9 want ( ev]y?+1 = !m to p]=m works s intricate2 t !y mu/ h begun by mak+ %oes & tunics2 t ^? :o want$ necess>ies c\ld n indulge 9 luxuries2 & t x is an evid5t contradiction to say1 t !y _h f\nd]s1 engrav]s1 & embroid]]s1 :5 !y _h nei!r clo!s nor bread4 #c4 ,if ,moses _h writt5 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis1 w\ld all "y p h be5 =bidd5 to read ! fir/ *apt]8 ,w\ld s little respect h be5 paid to ! legislator8 ,if x 0 ,moses :o said t ,god puni%$ ! iniquity ( ! fa!rs to ! f\r? g5]ation1 w\ld ,ezekiel h d>$ to say ! contr>y8 #d4 ,if ,moses wrote ,leviticus1 c\ld he h contradict$ x 9 ,deut]onomy8 ,leviticus =bids a woman to m>ry h] bro!r1 ,deut]onomy comm&s x4 #e4 ,c\ld ,moses h spok5 ( t[ns :i* exi/$ n 9 8 "t8 ,w\ld he h said t t[ns :i*1 9 reg>d to him1 7 on ! ea/ ( ! ,jordan 7 on ! we/8 #f4 ,w\ld he h assign$ =ty-eight cities to ! ,levites1 9 a c\ntry 9 :i* !re 7 nev] t51 & 9 a des]t 9 :i* he _h always w&]$ )\t habitation8 #g4 ,w\ld he h prescrib$ rules = ! ,jewi% k+s1 :5 n only !re 7 no k+s among ?is p1 b !y 7 held 9 horror1 & x 0 n probable !y w\ld ev] h any8 ,:at6 w\ld ,moses h giv5 precepts = ! conduct ( k+s :o came n until five hundr$ ye>s aft] him1 & h said no?+ 9 relation to ! judges & prie/s :o succe$$ him8 ,does n ?is religion lead u to believe t ! ,p5tateu* 0 compos$ 9 ! "t ( k+s1 & t ! c]emonies in/itut$ by ,moses 7 only traditional4 #h4 ,suppose he _h said to ! ,jews3 ,i h made y dep>t to ! numb] ( six hundr$ ?\s& combatants f ! l& ( ,egypt "u ! protection ( y\r ,god8 ,w\ld n ! ,jews h answ]$ him3 ,y mu/ h be5 v timid n to lead u aga9/ ,ph>aoh ( ,egypt2 he c\ld n h oppos$ to u an army ( two hundr$ ?\s& m54 ,!re nev] 0 su* an army on foot 9 ,egypt2 we %\ld h conqu]$ !m easily2 we %\ld h be5 ! ma/]s ( _! c\ntry4 ,:at6 has ! ,god1 :o talks to y1 to please u sla9 all ! fir/-born ( ,egypt1 :i*1 if !re 7 9 ?is c\ntry ?ree hundr$ ?\s& families1 makes ?ree hundr$ ?\s& m5 de/roy$ 9 "o night1 simply to av5ge u1 & yet y h n second$ y\r ,god & giv5 u t f]tile c\ntry :i* no?+ c\ld )hold f u4 ,on ! contr>y y h made u dep>t f ,egypt z ?ieves & c[>ds1 to p]i% 9 des]ts betwe5 m\nta9s & precipices4 ,y might1 at lea/1 h conduct$ u by ! direct road to ?is l& ( ,canaan1 to :i* we h no "r1 b :i* y h promis$ u1 & on :i* we h n yet be5 able to ent]4 ,x 0 natural t1 f ! l& ( ,go%51 we %\ld m>* t[>ds ,tyre & ,sidon1 along ! ,m$it]ranean2 b y made u entirely pass ! ,i/hmus ( ,suez1 & re-ent] ,egypt1 proce$ z f> z ,memphis1 :5 we f9d ourselves at ,beel-,sephor on ! bord]s ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 turn+ our backs on ! l& ( ,canaan1 hav+ j\rney$ eighty leagues 9 ?is ,egypt :i* we wi%$ to avoid1 s z at la/ to ne>ly p]i% betwe5 ! sea & ! army ( ,ph>aoh6 ,if y _h wi%$ to deliv] u to our enemies1 y c\ld n h tak5 a diff]5t r\te & o!r measures4 ,god has sav$ u by a miracle1 y say2 ! sea op5$ to let u pass2 b aft] su* a favor1 %\ld ,he let u die ( hung] & fatigue 9 ! horrible des]ts ( ,kade%-b>nea1 ,m>a1 ,elim1 ,horeb1 & ,s9ai8 ,all our fa!rs p]i%$ 9 ^! frightful solitudes2 & y tell u1 at ! end ( =ty ye>s1 t ,god took p>ticul> c>e ( !m4 ,?is is :at ^! murmur+ ,jews1 ^! unju/ *ildr5 ( ! vagabonds :o di$ 9 ! des]t1 might h said to ,moses1 if he _h read ,exodus & ,g5esis to !m4 ,& :at might !y n h said & done on ! article ( ! gold5 calf8 ,:at6 y d>e to tell u t y\r bro!r made a calf = our fa!rs1 :5 y 7 ) ,god on ! m\nta98 ,y1 :o sometimes tell u t y h spok5 to ,god face to face1 & sometimes t y c\ld only see ,8 back6 ,b no matt]1 y 7 ) ?is ,god1 & y\r bro!r ca/ a gold5 calf 9 "o day1 & gave x to u to adore x2 & in/ead ( puni%+ y\r unwor?y bro!r1 y make him our *ief prie/1 & ord] y\r ,levites to slay tw5ty-?ree ?\s& m5 ( y\r p4 ,w\ld our fa!rs h suff]$ ?is8 ,w\ld !y h all[$ !mselves to be sacrific$ l s _m victims by sangu9>y prie/s8 ,y tell u t1 n cont5t ) ?is incr$ible but*]y1 y h fur!r massacr$ tw5ty-f\r ?\s& ( our poor foll[]s because "o ( !m slept ) a ,midianiti% woman1 :il/ y y\rself esp\s$ a ,midianite2 & yet y add1 t y are ! milde/ ( m56 ,a few m in/ances ( ?is mildness1 & n a s\l w\ld h rema9$4 ,no2 if y h be5 capable ( all ?is cruelty1 if y c h ex]cis$ x1 y w\ld be ! mo/ b>b>\s ( m51 & no puni%m5t w\ld suffice to expiate s great a crime4 ,^! are ne>ly ! objections :i* all s*ol>s make to ^? :o ?9k t ,moses is ! au?or ( ! ,p5tateu*4 ,b we answ] !m1 t ! ways ( ,god are n ^? ( m52 t ,god has prov$1 conduct$1 & ab&on$ ,8 p by a wisdom :i* is unkn[n to u2 t ! ,jews !mselves1 = m ?an two ?\s& ye>s1 h believ$ t ,moses is ! au?or ( ^! books2 t ! ,*ur*1 :i* has succe$$ ! synagogue1 & :i* is equally infallible1 has decid$ ?is po9t ( controv]sy2 & t s*ol>s %\ld rema9 sil5t :5 ! ,*ur* pron\nces4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,we _c d\bt t !re 0 a ,moses1 a legislator ( ! ,jews4 ,we w "h exam9e 8 hi/ory1 foll[+ m]ely ! rules ( criticism2 ! ,div9e is n submitt$ to simil> exam9ation4 ,we mu/ conf9e ourselves to ! probable2 m5 c only judge z m54 ,x is v natural & v probable t an ,arab nation dwelt on ! conf9es ( ,egypt1 on ! side ( ,arabia ,des]ta2 t x 0 tribut>y or slave to ! ,egyptian k+s1 & t aft]w>ds x s\ght to e/abli% itself else:]e2 b t :i* reason alone _c admit is1 t ?is nation1 compos$ ( sev5ty p]sons at mo/ 9 ! "t ( ,joseph1 increas$ 9 two hundr$ & fifte5 ye>s1 f ,joseph to ,moses1 to ! numb] ( six hundr$ ?\s& combatants1 accord+ to ! ,book ( ,exodus1 :i* six hundr$ ?\s& m5 capable ( be>+ arms imply a multitude ( ab\t two millions1 c\nt+ old m51 wom51 & *ildr54 ,x is n c]ta9ly 9 ! c\rse ( nature = a colony ( sev5ty p]sons1 z _m males z females1 to produce 9 two c5turies two millions ( inhabitants4 ,! calculations made on ?is progression by m5 v little v]s$ 9 ! ?+s ( ?is _w1 are falsifi$ by ! exp]i5ce ( all nations & all times4 ,*ildr5 are n made by a /roke ( ! p54 ,reflect well t at ?is rate a population ( t5 ?\s& p]sons 9 two hundr$ ye>s w\ld produce m inhabitants ?an ! globe ( ! e>? c\ld su/a94 ,is x any m probable1 t ^! six hundr$ ?\s& combatants1 favor$ by ! ,au?or ( nature :o work$ = !m s _m prodigies1 7 =c$ to w&] 9 ! des]ts 9 :i* !y di$1 in/ead ( seek+ to possess !mselves ( f]tile ,egypt8 ,by ^! rules ( an e/abli%$ & reasonable human criticism1 we mu/ agree t x is v likely t ,moses conduct$ a small p f ! conf9es ( ,egypt4 ,!re 0 among ! ,egyptians an anci5t tradition1 relat$ by ,plut>* 9 8 ,treatise on ,isis & ,osiris1 t ,tiphon1 ! fa!r ( ,j]osselaim & ,juddecus1 fl$ f ,egypt on an ass4 ,x is cle> f ?is passage t ! ance/ors ( ! ,jews1 ! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem1 7 suppos$ to h be5 fugitives f ,egypt4 ,a tradition1 no less anci5t & m g5]al is1 t ! ,jews 7 driv5 f ,egypt1 ei!r z a troop ( unruly brig&s1 or a p infect$ ) leprosy4 ,?is d\ble accusation c>ries its probability ev5 f ! l& ( ,go%51 :i* !y _h inhabit$1 a neighbor+ l& ( ! vagabond ,arabs1 & :]e ! disease ( leprosy1 peculi> to ! ,arabs1 might be common4 ,x appe>s ev5 by ! ,scripture t ?is p w5t f ,egypt aga9/ _! w4 ,! sev5te5? *apt] ( ,deut]onomy =bids k+s to ?9k ( lead+ ! ,jews back to ,egypt4 ,! con=mity ( sev]al ,egyptian & ,jewi% cu/oms /ill m /r5g!ns ! op9ion t ?is p 0 an ,egyptian colony1 & :at gives x a new degree ( probability is ! fea/ ( ! ,passov]2 t is to say1 ( ! flight or passage in/itut$ 9 memory ( _! evasion4 ,?is fea/ alone w\ld be no pro(2 = among all peoples !re are solemnities e/abli%$ to celebrate fabul\s & incr$ible ev5ts2 su* 7 mo/ ( ! fea/s ( ! ,greeks & ,romans2 b a flight f "o c\ntry to ano!r is no?+ uncommon1 & calls = belief4 ,! pro( drawn f ?is fea/ ( ! ,passov] receives a /ill great] =ce by t ( ! ,tab]nacles1 9 memory ( ! "t 9 :i* ! ,jews inhabit$ ! des]t on _! dep>ture f ,egypt4 ,^! similitudes1 unit$ ) s _m o!rs1 prove t a colony really w5t f ,egypt1 & f9ally e/abli%$ itself = "s "t at ,pale/9e4 ,almo/ all ! re/ is ( a k9d s m>vell\s t human sagacity _c dige/ x4 ,all t we c d is to seek ! "t 9 :i* ! hi/ory ( ?is flight--t is to say1 ! ,book ( ,exodus--c h be5 writt51 & to exam9e ! op9ions :i* !n prevail$2 op9ions1 ( :i* ! pro( is 9 ! book itself1 comp>$ ) ! anci5t cu/oms ( nations4 ,) reg>d to ! books attribut$ to ,moses1 ! mo/ common rules ( criticism p]mit u n to believe t he c be ! au?or ( !m4 #a4 ,x is n likely t he spoke ( ! places by names :i* 7 n giv5 to !m until long aft]w>ds4 ,9 ?is book m5tion is made ( ! cities ( ,jair1 & e "o agrees t !y 7 n s nam$ until long aft] ! dea? ( ,moses4 ,x also speaks ( ! c\ntry ( ,dan1 & ! tribe ( ,dan _h n giv5 its "n to ! c\ntry ( :i* x 0 n yet ! ma/]4 #b4 ,h[ c\ld ,moses h quot$ ! book ( ! w>s ( ! ,"l1 :5 ^! w>s & ?is book 7 aft] 8 "t8 #c4 ,h[ c\ld ,moses speak ( ! pret5d$ defeat ( a giant nam$ ,og1 k+ ( ,ba%an1 vanqui%$ 9 ! des]t 9 ! la/ ye> ( 8 gov]nm5t8 ,& h[ c\ld he add1 t he fur!r saw 8 b$ ( iron ( n9e cubits long 9 ,raba?8 ,?is city ( ,raba? 0 ! capital ( ! ,ammonites1 into ^: c\ntry ! ,hebrews _h n yet p5etrat$4 ,is x n app>5t1 t su* a passage is ! production ( a po/]ior writ]1 :i* 8 inadv]t5ce betrays8 ,z an evid5ce ( ! victory ga9$ ov] ! giant1 he br+s =w>d ! b$ said to be /ill at ,raba?1 =gett+ t x is ,moses :om he makes speak1 :o 0 dead long be=e4 #d4 ,h[ c\ld ,moses h call$ cities beyond ! ,jordan1 :i*1 ) reg>d to him1 7 on ?is side8 ,is x n palpable1 t ! book attribut$ to him 0 writt5 a long "t aft] ! ,israelites _h cross$ ?is little riv] ,jordan1 :i* !y nev] pass$ "u 8 conduct8 #e4 ,is x likely t ,moses told 8 p1 t 9 ! la/ ye> ( 8 gov]nm5t he took1 9 ! little prov9ce ( ,argob--a /]ile & frightful c\ntry ( ,arabia ,petra--sixty great t[ns surr\nd$ ) high =tifi$ walls1 indep5d5t ( an inf9ite numb] ( op5 cities8 ,is x n mu* m probable t ^! exagg]ations 7 aft]w>ds writt5 by a man :o wi%$ to flatt] a /upid nation8 #f4 ,x is /ill less likely1 t ,moses relat$ ! miracles ) :i* ?is hi/ory is fill$4 ,x is easy to p]suade a happy & victori\s p t ,god has f\ght = !m2 b x is n 9 human nature t a p %\ld believe a hundr$ miracles 9 _! favor1 :5 all ^! prodigies end$ only 9 mak+ !m p]i% 9 a des]t4 ,let u exam9e "s ( ! miracles relat$ 9 ,exodus4 #g4 ,x appe>s contradictory & injuri\s to ! div9e ess5ce to suppose t ,god1 hav+ =m$ a p to be ! sole depository ( ,8 laws1 & to reign ov] all nations1 %\ld s5d a man ( ?is p to dem& ( ! k+1 _! oppressor1 p]mission to g into ! des]t to sacrifice to 8 ,god1 t ?is p might escape "u ! pret5ce ( ?is sacrifice4 ,our common ideas _c =be> atta*+ an idea ( bas5ess & knav]y to ?is managem5t1 f> f recogniz+ ! maje/y & p[] ( ! ,supreme ,be+4 ,:51 imm$iately aft]1 we read t ,moses *ang$ 8 rod into a s]p5t1 be=e ! k+1 & turn$ all ! wat]s ( ! k+dom into blood2 t he caus$ frogs to be produc$ :i* cov]$ ! surface ( ! e>?2 t he *ang$ all ! du/ into lice1 & fill$ ! air ) v5om\s w+$ insects2 t he afflict$ all ! m5 & animals ( ! c\ntry ) frightful ulc]s2 t he call$ hail1 tempe/s1 & ?und]1 to ru9 all ! c\ntry2 t he cov]$ x ) locu/s2 t he plung$ x 9 fe>ful d>kness = ?ree days2 t1 f9ally1 an ext]m9at+ angel /ruck ) dea? all ! fir/-born ( m5 & animals 9 ,egypt1 comm5c+ ) ! son ( ! k+2 aga91 :5 we aft]w>ds see 8 p walk+ across ! ,r$ ,sea1 ! waves susp5d$ 9 m\nta9s to ! "r & left1 & lat] fall+ on ! army ( ,ph>aoh1 :i* !y swall[$ up--:51 ,i say1 we read all ^! miracles1 ! fir/ idea :i* comes into our m9ds is1 t ?is p1 = :om ,god p]=m$ su* a/oni%+ ?+s1 no d\bt became ! ma/]s ( ! univ]se4 ,b1 no6 ! fruit ( s _m wond]s 01 t !y suff]$ want & hung] 9 arid s&s2 &--prodigy ^u prodigy--all di$ )\t see+ ! little corn] ( e>? 9 :i* _! desc5dants aft]w>ds1 = "s ye>s1 e/abli%$ !mselves6 ,x is no d\bt p>donable if we disbelieve ?is cr[d ( prodigies1 at ! lea/ ( :i* reason s decid$ly revolts4 ,?is reason1 left to itself1 _c be p]suad$ t ,moses wrote su* /range ?+s4 ,h[ c we make a g5]ation believe s _m miracles uselessly wr\ght = x1 & all ( :i*1 x is said1 7 p]=m$ 9 ! des]t8 ,:at be+1 enjoy+ div9e p[]1 w\ld employ x 9 pres]v+ ! clo!s & %oes ( ^! p1 aft] hav+ arm$ all nature 9 _! favor8 ,x is !re=e v natural to ?9k t all ?is prodigi\s hi/ory 0 writt5 a long "t aft] ,moses1 z ! romances ( ,*>lemagne 7 =g$ ?ree c5turies aft] him2 & z ! orig9s ( all nations h n be5 writt5 until !y 7 out ( sight1 ! imag9ation has be5 left at lib]ty to inv5t4 ,! m co>se & un=tunate a p are1 ! m !y seek to exalt _! anci5t hi/ory2 & :at p h be5 long] mis]able1 or m b>b>\s1 ?an ! ,jews8 ,x is n to be believ$ t1 :5 !y _h n :]e)al to make %oes 9 _! des]ts1 "u ! gov]nm5t ( ,moses1 !re 7 any cunn+ en\gh to write4 ,we %\ld presume1 t ! poor creatures born 9 ^! des]ts did n receive a v brilliant education2 & t ! nation only began to read & write :5 x _h "s comm]ce ) ,phnicia4 ,x 0 probably 9 ! comm5cem5t ( mon>*y t ! ,jews1 feel+ !y _h "s g5ius1 wrote ! ,p5tateu*1 & adju/$ _! traditions4 ,w\ld !y h made ,moses recomm5d k+s to read & write 8 law 9 a "t 9 :i* !re 7 no k+s8 ,is x n probable1 t ! sev5te5? *apt] ( ,deut]onomy 0 compos$ to mod]ate ! p[] ( royalty2 & t x 0 writt5 by prie/s 9 ! "t ( ,saul8 ,x is mo/ likely at ?is epo* t we mu/ place ! dige/ ( ! ,p5tateu*4 ,! frequ5t slav]ies to :i* ?is p 7 subject seem badly calculat$ to e/abli% lit]ature 9 a nation1 & to r5d] books v common2 & ! m r>e ^! books 7 9 ! comm5cem5t1 ! m ! au?ors v5tur$ to fill !m ) miracles4 ,! ,p5tateu*1 attribut$ to ,moses1 is1 no d\bt1 v anci5t2 if x 0 put 9 ord] 9 ! "t ( ,saul & ,solomon1 x 0 ab\t ! "t ( ! ,trojan w>1 & is "o ( ! mo/ curi\s monum5ts ( ! mann] ( ?9k+ ( t "t4 ,we see t all kn[n nations1 9 proportion to _! ignorance1 7 fond ( prodigies4 ,all 0 !n p]=m$ by cele/ial m9i/ry 9 ,egypt1 ,phrygia1 ,greece1 & ,asia4 ,! au?ors ( ! ,p5tateu* give u to und]/& t e nation has its gods1 & t ^! gods h all ne>ly an equal p[]4 ,if ,moses1 9 ! "n ( ,god1 *ang$ 8 rod into a s]p5t1 ! prie/s ( ,ph>aoh did z mu*2 if he *ang$ all ! wat]s ( ,egypt into blood1 ev5 to t :i* 0 9 ! vases1 ! prie/s imm$iately p]=m$ ! same prodigy1 )\t our be+ able to conceive on :at wat]s !y p]=m$ ?is metamorphosis2 at lea/1 unless !y expressly creat$ new wat]s = ! purpose4 ,! ,jewi% writ]s pref] be+ r$uc$ to ?is absurdity1 r ?an all[ u to suspect t ! gods ( ,egypt _h n ! p[] ( *ang+ wat] into blood z well z ! ,god ( ,jacob4 ,b :5 ! latt] fills ! l& ( ,egypt ) lice1 *ang+ all ! du/ into !m1 ,8 entire sup]iority appe>s2 ! magi _c imitate x1 & !y make ! ,god ( ! ,jews speak ?us3 ,ph>aoh %all "k t no?+ is equal to me4 ,^! words put into 8 m\?1 m]ely m>k a be+ :o believes himself m p[]ful ?an 8 rivals2 he 0 equall$ 9 ! metamorphosis ( a rod into a s]p5t1 & 9 t ( ! wat]s into blood2 b he ga9s ! victory 9 ! article ( ! lice & ! foll[+ miracles4 ,?is idea ( ! sup]natural p[] ( prie/s ( all c\ntries is display$ 9 sev]al places ( ,scripture4 ,:5 ,balaam1 ! prie/ ( ! little /ate ( a petty k+1 nam$ ,balak1 9 ! mid/ ( des]ts1 is ne> curs+ ! ,jews1 _! ,god appe>s to him to prev5t him4 ,x seems t ! mal$iction ( ,balaam 0 mu* to be fe>$4 ,to re/ra9 ?is prie/1 x is n en\gh t ,god speaks to him1 he s5ds be=e him an angel ) a sword1 & speaks ,himself aga9 by ! m\? ( 8 ass4 ,all ^! precautions c]ta9ly prove ! op9ion :i* !n prevail$1 t ! mal$iction ( a prie/1 :atev] x 01 drew fatal consequ5ces aft] x4 ,?is idea ( a ,god sup]ior to o!r gods1 ?\gh ,he made heav5 & e>?1 0 s root$ 9 all m9ds1 t ,solomon 9 8 la/ pray] cries3 ,oh1 my ,god6 !re is no o!r god l !e 9 e>? or heav54 ,x is ?is op9ion :i* r5d]$ ! ,jews s cr$ul\s respect+ ! sorc]ies & en*antm5ts ( o!r nations4 ,x is ?is :i* gave rise to ! /ory ( ! ,wit* ( ,endor1 :o _h ! p[] ( invok+ ! %ade ( ,saul4 ,e p _h _! prodigies & oracles1 & x nev] ev5 came into ! m9ds ( any nations to d\bt ! miracles & prophecies ( o!rs4 ,!y 7 cont5t$ ) oppos+ simil> arms2 x seems z if ! prie/s1 9 d5y+ ! prodigies ( o!r nations1 fe>$ to discr$it _! own4 ,?is k9d ( !ology prevail$ a long "t ov] all ! e>?4 ,x is n = u to ent] "h on ! detail ( all t is writt5 on ,moses4 ,we speak ( 8 laws 9 m ?an "o place 9 ?is "w4 ,we w "h conf9e ourselves to rem>k+ h[ mu* we are a/oni%$ to see a legislator inspir$ by ,god2 a prophet1 ?r\gh :om ,god ,himself speaks1 propos+ to u no future life4 ,!re is n a s+le ^w 9 ,leviticus1 :i* c lead u to suspect ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,! reply to ?is ov]:elm+ difficulty is1 t ,god proportion$ ,himself to ! ignorance ( ! ,jews4 ,:at a mis]able answ]6 ,x 0 = ,god to elevate ! ,jews to necess>y k--n to l[] ,himself to !m4 ,if ! s\l is immortal1 if !re are rew>ds & puni%m5ts 9 ano!r life1 x is necess>y = m5 to be in=m$ ( x4 ,if ,god spoke1 ,he mu/ h in=m$ !m ( ?is fundam5tal dogma4 ,:at legislator1 :at god b ?is1 proposes to 8 p w9e1 oil1 & milk alone6 ,:at god b ?is always enc\rages 8 believ]s1 z a *ief ( robb]s enc\rages 8 troops1 ) ! hope ( plund] only6 ,once m2 x is v p>donable = m]e human reason simply to see1 9 su* a hi/ory1 ! b>b>\s /upidity ( ! fir/ ages ( a savage p4 ,man1 :atev] he does1 _c reason o!rwise2 b if ,god really is ! au?or ( ! ,p5tateu*1 we mu/ submit )\t reason+4 ,,motion4 ,a philosoph]1 9 ! neighborhood ( ,m\nt ,krapak1 argu$ ) me t motion is ess5tial to matt]4 ,ev]y?+ moves1 says he2 ! sun cont9ually revolves on its own axis2 ! planets d ! same1 & e planet has _m diff]5t motions2 ev]y?+ is a sieve2 ev]y?+ passes ?r\gh a sieve2 ! h>de/ metal is pi]c$ ) an inf9ity ( pores1 by :i* escapes a con/ant torr5t ( vapors t circulate 9 space4 ,! univ]se is no?+ b motion2 motion1 !re=e1 is ess5tial to matt]4 ,b1 sir1 said ,i to him1 might n any "o say1 9 answ] to :at y h advanc$3 ,?is block ( m>ble1 ?is cannon1 ?is h\se1 ?is motion1 are n 9 motion2 !re=e motion is n ess5tial8 ,!y d move1 he repli$2 !y move 9 space toge!r ) ! e>? by ! common motion1 & !y move s inconte/ably--al?\gh ins5sibly--by _! own peculi> motion1 t1 at ! expiration ( an indef9ite numb] ( c5turies1 !re w rema9 n a s+le atom ( ! masses :i* n[ con/itute !m1 f :i* p>ticles are deta*+ !mselves e pass+ mom5t4 ,b1 my good sir1 ,i c conceive matt] to be 9 a /ate ( re/2 motion1 !re=e1 _c be consid]$ ess5tial to x4 ,:y1 c]ta9ly1 x mu/ be ( va/ consequ5ce :e!r y conceive x to be1 or conceive x n to be1 9 a /ate ( re/4 ,i /ill repeat1 t x is impossible = x to be s4 ,?is is a bold ass]tion2 b :at1 let me ask y1 w y say to *aos8 ,oh1 *aos6 ,if we 7 incl9$ to talk ab\t *aos1 ,i %\ld tell y t all 0 necess>ily 9 motion1 & t '! brea? ( ,god mov$ ^u ! wat]s'2 t ! elem5t ( wat] 0 recogniz$ 9 exi/5ce1 & t ! o!r elem5ts exi/$ also2 t1 consequ5tly1 fire exi/$2 t !re _c be fire )\t motion1 t motion is ess5tial to fire4 ,y w n succe$ mu* ) *aos4 ,alas6 :o c succe$ ) all ^! subjects ( dispute8 ,b1 z y are s v fully acqua9t$ ) ^! ?+s1 ,i mu/ reque/ y to in=m me :y "o body impels ano!r3 :e!r x is because matt] is imp5etrable1 or because two bodies _c be toge!r 9 "o place2 or because1 9 e case ( e description1 ! weak is driv5 be=e ! /rong8 ,y\r la/ reason is r m faceti\s ?an philosophical4 ,no p]son has hi!rto be5 able to discov] ! cause ( ! communication ( motion4 ,t1 h[ev]1 does n prev5t its be+ ess5tial to matt]4 ,no "o has ev] be5 able to discov] ! cause ( s5sation 9 animals2 yet ?is s5sation is s ess5tial to !m1 t1 if y exclude ! idea ( x1 y no long] h ! idea ( an animal4 ,well1 ,i w conc$e to y1 = a mom5t1 t motion is ess5tial to matt]--j = a mom5t1 let x be rememb]$1 = ,i am n mu* incl9$ to embroil myself ) ! !ologians--& n[1 aft] ?is admission1 tell me h[ "o ball produces motion 9 ano!r8 ,y are v curi\s & inquisitive2 y wi% me to in=m y ( :at no philosoph] ev] knew4 ,x appe>s r curi\s1 & ev5 ludicr\s1 t we %\ld "k ! laws ( motion1 & yet be pr(\ndly ignorant ( ! pr9ciple ( ! communication ( motion6 ,x is ! same ) ev]y?+ else2 we "k ! laws ( reason+1 b we "k n :at x is 9 u t reasons4 ,! ducts ?r\gh :i* our blood & o!r animal fluids pass are v well kn[n to u1 b we "k n :at =ms t blood & ^? fluids4 ,we are 9 life1 b we "k n 9 :at ! vital pr9ciple consi/s4 ,in=m me1 h[ev]1 at lea/1 :e!r1 if motion be ess5tial to matt]1 !re has n always exi/$ ! same quantity ( motion 9 ! _w8 ,t is an old *im]a ( ,epicurus reviv$ by ,desc>tes4 ,i d n1 = my own "p1 see t ?is equality ( motion 9 ! _w is m necess>y ?an an equality ( triangles4 ,x is ess5tial t a triangle %\ld h ?ree angles & ?ree sides1 b x is n ess5tial t ! numb] ( triangles on ?is globe %\ld be always equal4 ,b is !re n always an equality ( =ces1 z o!r philosoph]s express x8 ,t is a simil> *im]a4 ,we mu/1 ^u su* a pr9ciple1 suppose t !re is always an equal numb] ( m51 & animals1 & mov+ be+s1 :i* is absurd4 ,by ! way1 :at1 let me ask1 is ! =ce ( a body 9 motion8 ,x is ! product ( its quantity multipli$ by its velocity 9 a giv5 "t4 ,call+ ! quantity ( a body f\r1 & its velocity f\r1 ! =ce ( its impulse w be equal to sixte54 ,ano!r quantity we w assume to be two1 & its velocity two2 ! =ce ) :i* t impels is z f\r4 ,?is is ! gr& pr9ciple ( me*anics4 ,leibnitz decid$ly & pomp\sly pron\nc$ ! pr9ciple defective4 ,he ma9ta9$ t x 0 necess>y to measure t =ce1 t product1 by ! quantity multipli$ by ! squ>e ( ! velocity4 ,b ?is 0 m]e capti\s sophi/ry & *ican]y1 an ambiguity unwor?y ( a philosoph]1 f\nd$ on an abuse ( ! discov]y ( ! great ,galileo1 t ! spaces trav]s$ ) a motion uni=mly accel]at$ 71 to ea* o!r1 z ! squ>es ( ! times & velocities4 ,leibnitz did n consid] ! "t :i* he %\ld h consid]$4 ,no ,engli% ma!matician adopt$ 8 sy/em4 ,x 0 receiv$ = a :ile by a small numb] ( geometricians 9 ,france4 ,x p]vad$ "s books1 & ev5 ! philosophical in/itutions ( a p]son ( great celebrity4 ,maup]tuis is v abusive ( ,mairan1 9 a little "w entitl$ ,a1 ,b1 ,c2 z if he ?\ght x necess>y to tea* ! a1 b1 c1 ( sci5ce to any man :o foll[$ ! old &1 9 fact1 ! true sy/em ( calculation4 ,mairan 01 h[ev]1 9 ! "r4 ,he adh]$ to ! anci5t measurem5t1 t ( ! quantity multipli$ by ! velocity4 ,he gradually prevail$ ov] 8 antagoni/s1 & 8 sy/em recov]$ its =m] /ation2 ! sc&al ( ma!matics disappe>$1 & ! quack]y ( ! squ>e ( ! velocity 0 dismiss$ at la/ to ! extramundane spaces1 to ! limbo ( vanity1 toge!r ) ! monads :i* ,leibnitz suppos$ to con/itute ! conc5tric mirror ( nature1 & also ) 8 elaborate & fanciful sy/em ( pre-e/abli%$ h>mony4 ,,m\nta94 ,! fable ( ! m\nta9 :i*1 aft] al>m+ ! :ole neighborhood ) its outcries 9 labor1 0 ridicul$ by all pres5t :5 x became deliv]$ ( a m\se1 is at once anci5t & univ]sal4 ,! company1 h[ev]1 :o ?us gave way to ridicule 7 n a company ( philosoph]s4 ,^? :o mock$ %\ld 9 reality h admir$4 ,a m\nta9's be+ deliv]$ ( a m\se 0 an ev5t z extraord9>y1 & z wor?y ( admiration1 z a m\se's be+ deliv]$ ( a m\nta94 ,a rock's produc+ a rat is a case absolutely prodigi\s1 & ! _w nev] beheld any?+ approa*+ to su* a miracle4 ,all ! worlds 9 ! univ]se c\ld n orig9ate a fly4 ,?us1 9 cases :]e ! vulg> mock1 ! philosoph] admires2 & :]e ! vulg> /ra9 _! eyes 9 /upid a/oni%m5t1 he (t5 smiles4 ,,nail4 ,we only ask "h f ! c5sors ( books1 p]mission to transcribe f t :i* ! ,dom9ican mission>y ,labat1 prov$itor ( ! holy (fice1 has writt5 conc]n+ ! nails ( ! cross1 into :i* x is m ?an probable no nails 7 ev] driv54 ,! ,italian prie/ :o conduct$ u _h suffici5t int]e/ to get u1 among o!r ?+s1 a sight ( ! nails ) :i* our ,savi\r 0 fa/5$ to ! cross4 ,!y appe>$ to me v diff]5t f ^? :i* ! ,b5$ict9es %[ at ,/4 ,d5is4 ,possibly ^? belong+ to ,/4 ,d5is s]v$ = ! feet1 & ! o!rs = ! h&s4 ,x 0 necess>y t ^? = ! h&s %\ld be suffici5tly l>ge & /rong to support all ! weight ( ! body4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,jews mu/ ei!r h made use ( m ?an f\r nails1 or "s ( ^? :i* are %[n to ! fai?ful are n g5u9e4 ,hi/ory relates t ,/4 ,hel5a ?rew "o ( !m into ! sea1 to appease a furi\s tempe/ :i* assail$ ! %ip 9 :i* %e _h emb>k$4 ,con/ant9e made use ( ano!r1 to make a bit = ! bridle ( 8 horse4 ,"o is %[n entire at ,/4 ,d5is 9 ,france2 ano!r also entire at ! ,holy ,cross ( ,j]usalem at ,rome4 ,a v celebrat$ ,roman au?or ( our day ass]ts t ! iron cr[n ) :i* !y cr[n ! emp]ors 9 ,italy 0 made out ( "o ( ^! nails4 ,we are %[n at ,rome & at ,c>p5tras two bridle bits also made ( ^! nails1 n to m5tion m at o!r places4 ,to be sure1 sev]al ( !m are discreet en\gh to say1 t x is ! head or po9t only ( ^! nails :i* !y exhibit4 ,! mission>y speaks 9 ! same tone ( all ! relics4 ,he obs]ves 9 ! same passage1 t :5 ! body ( ! fir/ deacon1 ,/4 ,/eph51 0 br\ght f ,j]usalem to ,rome1 9 #eeg1 & plac$ 9 ! tomb ( ! deacon ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce3 ,/4 ,lawr5ce made way ( himself to give ! "r h& to 8 pr$ecessor2 an action :i* procur$ him ! "n ( ! civil ,spani>d4 ,^u ?is passage we v5ture only "o reflection1 :i* is1 t if "s philosoph] _h said z mu*1 9 ! ,encyclopdia1 z ! ,dom9ican ,labat1 a cr[d ( ,pant\illets1 ,nonnottes1 ,*9iacs1 ,*aumeix1 & o!r knaves1 w\ld h exclaim$--,dei/1 a!i/1 & geometrician6 ,accord+ to circum/ances ?+s *ange _! names4 ,selon ce que l'on peut tre ,les *oses *ang5t de nom4 --,amphytrion1 ,prologue4 ,,nature4 ,dialogue ,betwe5 ,! ,philosoph] ,& ,nature4 ,,philosoph]4 ,:at are y1 ,nature8 ,i live 9 y8 b ,i h be5 se>*+ = y = fifty ye>s1 & h nev] yet be5 able to f9d y4 ,,nature4 ,! anci5t ,egyptians1 ^: lives x is said ext5d$ to twelve hundr$ ye>s1 atta*$ ! same reproa* to me4 ,!y call$ me ,isis2 !y plac$ a ?ick veil ov] my head2 & !y said t no "o c\ld ev] raise x4 ,,philosoph]4 ,x is on t acc\nt t ,i apply directly to y\rself4 ,i h be5 able to measure "s ( y\r globes1 to asc]ta9 _! c\rses1 & to po9t out ! laws ( motion2 b ,i h nev] be5 able to asc]ta9 :at y are y\rself4 ,are y always active8 ,are y always passive8 ,d y\r elem5ts arrange !mselves1 z wat] places itself ov] s&1 oil ov] wat]1 & air ov] oil8 ,h y a m9d :i* directs all y\r op]ations--z c\ncils are inspir$ z soon z !y meet1 al?\gh ! individual memb]s compos+ !m are (t5 ignorant8 ,expla9 to me1 ,i entreat1 ! enigma 9 :i* y are envelop$4 ,,nature4 ,i am ! great univ]sal sy/em4 ,i "k no?+ f>!r4 ,i am no ma!matician1 & yet ev]y?+ 9 & ab\t me is arrang$ agreeably to ma!matical laws4 ,conjecture1 if y c1 h[ all ?is is effect$4 ,,philosoph]4 ,c]ta9ly1 s9ce y\r great univ]sal sy/em kn[s no?+ ( ma!matics1 & yet ! laws by :i* y are regulat$ are ^? ( ! mo/ pr(\nd geometry1 !re mu/ necess>ily be an et]nal geometrician1 :o directs y1 & presides ov] y\r op]ations4 ,,nature4 ,y are p]fectly "r2 ,i am wat]1 e>?1 fire1 air1 metal1 m9]al1 /one1 vegetable1 & animal4 ,i cle>ly p]ceive t !re is an intellig5ce 9 me3 y possess an intellig5ce1 al?\gh y see x n4 ,nei!r d ,i see m9e2 ,i feel ?is invisible p[]2 ,i am unable to "k x3 :y %\ld y1 :o are only a v m9ute portion ( myself1 be anxi\s to "k :at ,i myself am ignorant (8 ,,philosoph]4 ,we are curi\s4 ,i %\ld be pleas$ to le>n h[ x is1 t :ile s r\gh & co>se 9 y\r m\nta9s1 & des]ts1 & seas1 y are at ! same "t s +5i\s & f9i%$ 9 y\r animals & vegetables8 ,,nature4 ,my poor *ild1 %all ,i tell y ! real tru?8 ,i h _h be/[$ ^u me a "n t does n at all suit me3 ,i am call$ nature1 :ile ,i am all art4 ,,philosoph]4 ,t ^w d]anges all my ideas4 ,:at6 is x possible t nature %\ld be no?+ b art4 ,,nature4 ,x is und\bt$ly ! case4 ,d y n "k t !re is inf9ite art 9 ^? seas & m\nta9s :i* y repres5t z s r\gh & s co>se8 ,d y n "k t all ^? wat]s gravitate t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! e>?1 & are rais$ only by immutable laws2 & t ^? m\nta9s :i* cr[n ! e>? are imm5se res]voirs ( et]nal sn[s1 incessantly produc+ ! f\nta9s1 lakes1 & riv]s1 )\t :i* my animal & vegetable (f-spr+ w\ld inevitably p]i%8 ,&1 ) respect to :at are d5om9at$ my animal1 vegetable1 & m9]al k+doms1 con/itut+ ?us only ?ree k+doms1 be assur$ t ,i h 9 fact millions ( !m4 ,b if y consid] ! =mation ( an insect1 ( an e> ( corn1 ( gold1 or ( copp]1 all w exhibit to y prodigies ( art4 ,,philosoph]4 ,x is und\bt$ly true4 ,! m ,i reflect on ! subject1 ! m cle>ly ,i p]ceive t y are only ! art ( "s ,great ,be+1 extremely p[]ful & skilful1 :o conceals ,himself & exhibits y4 ,all ! reason]s1 f ! "t ( ,?ales1 & probably long be=e him1 h be5 play+ at hide & seek ) y4 ,!y h said1 ,i h hold ( y2 & !y 9 fact held no?+4 ,we all resemble ,ixion3 he ?\ght he embrac$ ,juno1 :5 he embrac$ only a cl\d4 ,,nature4 ,s9ce ,i am ! :ole t exi/s1 h[ is x possible = a be+ l y1 s small a portion ( myself1 to compreh5d me8 ,be cont5t$1 my de> little atomic *ildr51 ) see+ a few p>ticles t surr\nd y1 ) dr9k+ a few drops ( my milk1 ) vegetat+ = a few mom5ts 9 my bosom1 & at la/ dy+ )\t any k ( y\r "m & y\r nurse4 ,,philosoph]4 ,my belov$ "m1 pray tell me a little :y y exi/--:y any?+ has exi/$8 ,,nature4 ,i w answ] y 9 ! language 9 :i* ,i always h answ]$1 = s long a s]ies ( ages1 ^? :o h int]rogat$ me on ! subject ( fir/ pr9ciples3 ,i "k no?+ at all ab\t ! matt]4 ,,philosoph]4 ,no?+ itself1 w\ld x n be pref]able to t multitude ( exi/5ces =m$ to be cont9ually dissolv$2 ^? tribes ( animals born & reproduc$ to dev\r o!rs1 & dev\r$ 9 _! turn2 ^? numb]less be+s endu$ ) s5sation1 & =m$ to exp]i5ce s _m s5sations ( pa92 & ^? o!r tribes ( reason+ be+s :i* nev]1 or at lea/ only r>ely1 li/5 to reason8 ,= :at purpose1 ,nature1 0 all ?is8 ,,nature4 ,oh6 pray g & inquire ( ,him :o made me4 ,,necess>y--,,necessity4 ,,osm94 ,d y n ass]t t ev]y?+ is necess>y8 ,,selim4 ,if all be n necess>y1 x foll[s t ,god does unnecess>y ?+s4 ,,osm94 ,t is to say1 x 0 necess>y = ! ,div9e ,nature to d :at x has done4 ,,selim4 ,i believe1 or at lea/ ,i suspect s4 ,!re are m5 :o ?9k diff]5tly4 ,i d n und]/& !m2 b possibly !y are "r4 ,i fe> to dispute on ?is subject4 ,,osm94 ,x is1 h[ev]1 necess>y = me to talk to y ^u x4 ,,selim4 ,9 :at mann]8 ,w\ld y speak ( :at is necess>y to su/a9 life1 or ! evil to :i* p are r$uc$ :o _c procure x8 ,,osm94 ,no2 = t :i* is necess>y to "o is n always necess>y to ano!r4 ,x is necess>y = an ,indian to possess rice1 = an ,engli%man to eat animal food1 z ,russians mu/ we> furs1 & ,africans gauze4 ,"o man believes t he has ne$ ( a doz5 coa*-horses1 ano!r limits himself to a pair ( %oes1 & a ?ird walks gayly on 8 b>e feet4 ,i wi% to speak to y ( t :i* is necess>y to all m54 ,,selim4 ,x appe>s to me t ,god has giv5 u all t is necess>y 9 ?is s5se3 eyes to see1 feet to walk1 a m\? to eat1 a gullet to swall[1 a /oma* to dige/1 a bra9 to reason1 & organs to produce our k9d4 ,,osm94 ,h[ happ5s x !n t m5 are sometimes born :o are depriv$ ( a "p ( ^! necess>y faculties8 ,,selim4 ,because ! g5]al laws ( nature are liable to accid5ts :i* produce mon/]s2 b 9 g5]al man is provid$ ) all ?+s necess>y to 8 exi/5ce 9 society4 ,,osm94 ,are !re n notions common to all m5 necess>y to ?is purpose8 ,,selim4 ,yes2 ,i h travell$ ) ,paul ,lucas1 & :]ev] ,i w5t ,i saw t man respect$ 8 fa!r & "m2 t he ?\ght himself b\nd to keep 8 promise2 t he piti$ oppress$ innoc5ce2 t he dete/$ p]secution2 t he reg>d$ fre$om ( ?9k+ z a "r ( nature1 & ! enemies ( t fre$om z ! enemies ( ! human race4 ,!y :o ?9k diff]5tly appe> to me to be badly organiz$1 & mon/]s1 l ^? :o are born )\t eyes or heads4 ,,osm94 ,^! necess>y ?+s--are !y necess>y 9 all times1 & 9 all places8 ,,selim4 ,yes3 o!rwise !y w\ld n be necess>y to human k9d4 ,,osm94 ,!re=e1 a new cre$ is n necess>y to mank9d4 ,m5 c\ld live 9 society1 & p]=m all _! duties t[>ds ,god1 be=e !y believ$ t ,mahomet _h frequ5t conv]sations ) ! angel ,gabriel4 ,,selim4 ,no?+ is m evid5t2 x w\ld be ridicul\s to ?9k t man c\ld n p]=m 8 duties until ,mahomet came into ! _w4 ,x 0 no way necess>y = m5 to believe ! ,koran4 ,! _w w5t on be=e ! appe>ance ( ,mahomet1 precisely z at pres5t4 ,if ,mahometanism 0 necess>y to ! _w1 x w\ld exi/ ev]y:]e4 ,god1 :o has giv5 u two eyes to see ! sun1 w\ld h be/[$ ^u u "s means ( discov]+ ! tru?s ( ! ,mahometan religion4 ,t sect !re=e resembles ! arbitr>y laws :i* *ange accord+ to times & places1 l fa%ions or ! !ories ( physicians1 :i* displace & succe$ "o ano!r4 ,! ,mahometan religion _c !re=e be ess5tially necess>y to man4 ,,osm94 ,b s9ce x exi/s1 ,god has p]mitt$ x4 ,,selim4 ,yes1 z ,he p]mits all ! _w to ab\nd 9 absurdities1 errors1 & calamities4 ,?is is n say+ t m5 7 absolutely creat$ 9 ord] to be fooli% & unhappy4 ,god p]mits "s m5 to be eat5 by s]p5ts1 b we ought n to say t ,god made man to be eat5 by s]p5ts4 ,,osm94 ,:at d y mean by say+ t ,god p]mits8 ,c any?+ happ5 b by ,8 ord]s8 ,to p]mit & to w--are !y n ) ,him ! same ?+8 ,,selim4 ,he p]mits crime1 b does n commit x4 ,,osm94 ,to commit a crime is to act aga9/ ,div9e ju/ice--to disobey ,god4 ,!re=e1 z ,god _c disobey ,himself1 ,he _c commit crime2 b ,he has s made man t man commits x frequ5tly4 ,h[ does t arise8 ,,selim4 ,"s m5 c tell1 b ,i am n "o ( !m4 ,all t ,i "k is1 t ! ,koran is ridicul\s1 al?\gh possess+ "h & !re ?+s :i* are passable4 ,! ,koran1 h[ev]1 is c]ta9ly n necess>y to man--t ,i ma9ta94 ,i p]ceive cle>ly t :i* is false1 b "k v little ( t :i* is true4 ,,osm94 ,i ?\ght t y w\ld in/ruct me1 b y tea* me no?+4 ,,selim4 ,is x n some?+ to "k ! m5 :o deceive y1 & ! gross & dang]\s errors !y promulgate8 ,,osm94 ,i %\ld h cause to compla9 ( a physician :o made me acqua9t$ ) poison\s plants1 )\t in/ruct+ me 9 reg>d to su* z are salut>y4 ,,selim4 ,i am no physician1 nor are y a sick man2 & x appe>s to me t ,i give y a v useful prescription1 :5 ,i say to y3 ,di/ru/ ! inv5tions ( *>latans2 wor%ip ,god2 be an hone/ man2 & believe t two & two make f\r4 ,,new--,,novelties4 ,x seems z if ! fir/ words ( ,ovid's ,metamorphoses--,9 nova f]t animus--7 ! emblem ( mank9d4 ,no "o is t\*$ ) ! admirable spectacle ( ! sun :i* rises or seems to rise e day2 b ev]ybody runs at ! smalle/ meteor :i* appe>s = a mom5t 9 ! map ( vapors :i* surr\nd ! e>?1 & :i* we call heav54 ,we despise :atev] is common1 or :i* has be5 long kn[n3 ,vilia sunt nobis qucumque prioribus annis ,vidimus1 et sordet quidquid spectavimus olim4 ,a hawk] w n burd5 himself ) a ,virgil or a ,horace1 b ) a new book1 7 x ev] s dete/able4 ,he draws y aside & says to y3 ,sir1 w y h "s books f ,holl&8 ,f ! comm5cem5t ( ! _w1 wom5 h compla9$ ( ! infidelities done to !m 9 favor ( ! fir/ new object :i* pres5ts itself1 & :i* has (t5 ?is novelty = its only m]it4 ,sev]al ladies--we mu/ confess x1 not)/&+ ! inf9ite respect :i* we h = !m--h treat$ m5 z !y compla9 t ! m5 h treat$ !m2 & ! /ory ( ,jocondo is mu* m anci5t ?an ,ario/o4 ,p]haps ?is univ]sal ta/e = novelty is a b5efit ( nature4 ,we are told3 ,cont5t y\rselves ) :at y h2 desire no?+ beyond y\r situation2 subdue ! re/lessness ( y\r m9d4 ,^! are v good maxims2 b if we _h foll[$ !m1 we %\ld /ill live ^u acorns & sleep "u ! />s1 & we %\ld h _h nei!r ,corneille1 ,rac9e1 ,molire1 ,p\ss91 ,le ,brun1 ,lemo9e1 nor ,pigal4 ,,nudity4 ,:y d we %ut up a man or a woman :om we f9d nak$ 9 ! /reets8 & :y is no "o (f5d$ at entirely nak$ /atues1 & ) c]ta9 pa9t+s ( ,jesus & ( ,magdal5 :i* are to be se5 9 "s ( ! *ur*es8 ,x is v likely t human be+s exi/$ = a consid]able "t )\t clo?+4 ,9 m ?an "o isl& & on ! cont95t ( ,am]ica1 p are /ill f\nd :o are ignorant ( clo?+4 ,! mo/ civiliz$ ( !m conceal ! organs ( g5]ation by leaves1 by int]lac$ ru%es or mats1 & by fea!rs4 ,:5ce ?is latt] mode/y8 ,is x ! in/9ct ( nature to provoke desire by ! concealm5t ( t :i* we are incl9$ to discov]8 ,is x true t among nations some:at m poli%$ ?an ! ,jews & demi-,jews1 !re are entire sects :o1 :5 !y wor%ip ,god1 deprive !mselves ( clo?+4 ,su* h be51 x is said1 ! ,adamites & ! ,abelians4 ,!y assembl$1 nak$1 to s+ ! praises ( ,god4 ,/4 ,epiphanius & ,/4 ,augu/9e say ?is1 :o1 x is true1 7 n contempor>ies1 & :o liv$ v di/ant f _! c\ntry4 ,b aft] all1 ?is folly is possible1 & is n m extraord9>y or insane ?an a hundr$ o!r follies :i* h made ! t\r ( ! _w1 "o aft] ano!r4 ,we h se51 9 ! article ,emblem1 t ! ,mahometans /ill possess sa9ts :o are mad1 & :o g ab\t nak$ z apes4 ,x is v possible t crazy p h exi/$1 :o ?\ght t x 0 m prop] to pres5t ourselves be=e ! ,deity 9 ! /ate 9 :i* ,he has =m$ u1 ?an "u any disguise ( our own inv5tion4 ,x is possible t ^! p]sons expos$ !mselves out ( pure devotion4 ,!re are s few well-made p ( ei!r sex1 t nudity may h inspir$ *a/ity1 or r disgu/1 in/ead ( augm5t+ desire4 ,x is moreov] ass]t$ t ! ,abelians r5\nc$ m>riage4 ,if !y ab\nd$ 9 y\?ful gallants & amor\s maid5s1 !y 7 ! less comp>able ) ,/4 ,adhelm & ! happy ,rob]t ,d',arbriselle1 :o lay ) ! mo/ beautiful wom51 only 9 ord] to prove ! /r5g? ( _! cont95ce4 ,i confess1 h[ev]1 t x mu/ be pleasant to witness a hundr$ nak$ ,hel5s & ,p>ises s++ an!ms1 giv+ "o ano!r ! kiss ( peace1 & p]=m+ ! c]emonies ( ! agap4 ,all ?is proves t !re is no?+ s s+ul>1 s extravagant1 or s sup]/iti\s1 :i* has n be5 conceiv$ by ! head ( man4 ,happy x is1 :5 ^! follies d n tr\ble society1 & make ( x a sc5e ( hate1 ( discord1 & ( fury4 ,x is d\btless bett] to pray to ,god />k nak$1 ?an to soil ,8 alt>s & ! public places ) human blood4 ,,numb]4 ,0 ,euclid "r 9 def9+ numb] to be a collection ( unities ( ! same k9d8 ,:5 ,newton says t numb] is an ab/ract relation ( "o quantity to ano!r ( ! same k9d1 does he n und]/& by t ! use ( numb]s 9 ari?metic & geometry8 ,wolfe says1 numb] is t :i* has ! same relation ) unity z "o "r l9e has ) ano!r4 ,is n ?is r a prop]ty attribut$ to a numb]1 ?an a def9ition8 ,if ,i d>$1 ,i w\ld simply def9e numb]s ! idea ( sev]al unities4 ,i see :ite--,i h a s5sation1 an idea ( :ite4 ,x signifies n :e!r ^! two ?+s are or are n ( ! same species2 ,i c reckon two ideas4 ,i see f\r m5 & f\r horses--,i h ! idea ( eight2 9 l mann]1 ?ree /ones & six trees w give me ! idea ( n9e4 ,t ,i add1 multiply1 subtract1 & divide ^!1 are op]ations ( ! faculty ( ?\ght :i* ,i h receiv$ f ! ma/] ( nature2 b !y are n prop]ties inh]5t to numb]4 ,i c squ>e ?ree & cube x1 b !re is n c]ta9ly 9 nature any numb] :i* c be squ>$ or cub$4 ,i v well conceive :at an odd or ev5 numb] is1 b ,i c nev] conceive ei!r a p]fect or an imp]fect "o4 ,numb]s c h no?+ by !mselves4 ,:at prop]ties1 :at virtue1 c t5 fl9ts1 t5 trees1 t5 ideas1 possess because !y are t58 ,:at sup]iority w "o numb] divisible 9 ?ree ev5 p>ts h ov] ano!r divisible 9 two8 ,py?agoras 0 ! fir/1 x is said1 :o discov]$ div9e virtue 9 numb]s4 ,i d\bt :e!r he 0 ! fir/2 = he _h travell$ 9 ,egypt1 ,babylon1 & ,india1 & mu/ h relat$ mu* ( _! arts & k4 ,! ,indians p>ticul>ly1 ! inv5tors ( ! comb9$ & complicat$ game ( *ess1 & ( ciph]s1 s conv5i5t t ! ,arabs le>n$ ( !m1 ?r\gh :om !y h be5 communicat$ to u aft] s _m ages--^! same ,indians1 ,i say1 jo9$ /range *im]as to _! sci5ces4 ,! ,*aldans _h /ill m1 & ! ,egyptians m /ill4 ,we "k t self-delusion is 9 our nature4 ,happy is he :o c pres]ve himself f x6 ,happy is he :o1 aft] hav+ "s access ( ?is fev] ( ! m9d1 c recov] tol]able heal?4 ,porphyrius1 9 ! ,life ( ,py?agoras1 says t ! numb] #b is fatal4 ,we might say1 on ! contr>y1 t x is ! mo/ favorable ( all4 ,woe to him t is always s+le6 ,woe to nature1 if ! human species & t ( animals 7 n (t5 two & two6 ,if #b 0 ( bad augury1 #c1 by way ( recomp5se1 0 admirable1 & #d 0 div9e2 b ! ,py?agoreans & _! imitators =got t ?is my/]i\s #d1 s div9e1 0 compos$ ( twice t diabolical numb] #b6 ,six _h its m]it1 because ! fir/ /atu>ies divid$ _! figures into six modules4 ,we h se5 t1 accord+ to ! ,*aldans1 ,god creat$ ! _w 9 six gahamb>s2 b #g 0 ! mo/ m>vell\s numb]2 = !re 7 at fir/ b sev5 planets1 ea* planet _h its heav51 & t made sev5 heav5s1 )\t anyone kn[+ :at 0 meant by ! ^w heav54 ,all ,asia reckon$ sev5 days = a week4 ,we divide ! life ( man into sev5 ages4 ,h[ _m reasons h we 9 favor ( ?is numb]6 ,! ,jews 9 "t collect$ "s scraps ( ?is philosophy4 ,x pass$ among ! fir/ ,*ri/ians ( ,alex&ria ) ! dogmas ( ,plato4 ,x is pr9cipally display$ 9 ! ,apocalypse ( ,c]9?us1 attribut$ to ,john ! ,apo/le4 ,we see a /rik+ example ( x 9 ! numb] ( ! bea/3 ,t no man might buy or sell1 save he t _h ! m>k1 or ! "n ( ! bea/1 or ! numb] ( 8 "n4 ,"h is wisdom4 ,let him t ha? und]/&+ c\nt ! numb] ( ! bea/3 = x is ! numb] ( a man2 & 8 numb] is six hundr$ ?ree score & six4 ,we "k :at great pa9s all ! great s*ol>s h tak5 to div9e ! solution ( ?is enigma4 ,?is numb]1 compos$ ( ?ree times two at ea* figure1 does x signify ?ree times fatal to ! ?ird p[]8 ,!re 7 two bea/s1 & we "k n yet ( :i* ! au?or w\ld speak4 ,we h se5 t ,bossuet1 less happy 9 ari?metic ?an 9 fun]al orations1 has demon/rat$ t ,diocletian is ! bea/1 because we f9d ! ,roman figures #fff 9 ! lett]s ( 8 "n1 by cutt+ (f ^? :i* w\ld spoil ?is op]ation4 ,b 9 mak+ use ( ,roman figures1 he does n rememb] t ! ,apocalypse 0 writt5 9 ,greek4 ,an eloqu5t man may fall into ?is mi/ake4 ,! p[] ( numb]s 0 mu* m respect$ among u :5 we knew no?+ ab\t !m4 ,y may obs]ve1 my de> read]1 9 ! article on ,figure1 "s f9e allegories t ,augu/9e1 bi%op ( ,hippo1 extract$ f numb]s4 ,?is ta/e subsi/$ s long1 t x triumph$ at ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t4 ,we pres]ve its my/]ies1 call$ ,sacram5ts 9 ! ,lat9 *ur*1 because ! ,dom9icans1 ) ,soto at _! head1 allege t !re are sev5 ?+s :i* contribute to life1 sev5 planets1 sev5 virtues1 sev5 mortal s9s1 six days ( creation & "o ( repose1 :i* make sev52 fur!r1 sev5 plagues ( ,egypt1 sev5 beatitudes2 b un=tunately ! fa!rs =get t ,exodus reckons t5 plagues1 & t ! beatitudes are to ! numb] ( eight 9 ,/4 ,mat!w & f\r 9 ,/4 ,luke4 ,b s*ol>s h ov]come ?is difficulty2 by retr5*+ f ,/4 ,mat!w ! f\r beatitudes ( ,/4 ,luke1 !re rema9 six1 & add unity to ^! six1 & y w h sev54 ,consult ,fra ,paolo ,s>pi1 9 ! second book ( 8 hi/ory ( ! ,c\nty ( ,tr5t4 ,,numb]+4 ,,section ,i4 ,! mo/ anci5t numb]+s t hi/ory has left u are ^? ( ! ,israelites1 :i* are indubitable1 s9ce !y are extract$ f ! ,jewi% books4 ,we believe t we mu/ n reckon z a numb]+ ! flight ( ! ,israelites to ! numb] ( six hundr$ ?\s& m5 on foot1 because ! text specifies !m n tribe by tribe2 x adds1 t an innum]able troop ( p ga!r$ toge!r & jo9$ !m4 ,?is is only a relation4 ,! fir/ circum/antial numb]+ is t :i* we see 9 ! book ( ! ,vi$ab]1 :i* we call ,numb]s4 ,by ! reckon+ :i* ,moses & ,a>on made ( ! p 9 ! des]t1 we f9d1 9 c\nt+ all ! tribes except t ( ,levi1 six hundr$ & ?ree ?\s& five hundr$ & fifty m5 capable ( be>+ arms2 & if we add ! tribe ( ,levi1 suppos+ x equal 9 numb] to ! o!rs1 ! /rong ) ! weak1 we %all h six hundr$ & fifty-?ree ?\s& n9e hundr$ & ?irty-five m51 to :i* we mu/ add an equal numb] ( old wom5 & *ildr51 :i* w compose two millions six hundr$ & fifte5 ?\s& sev5 hundr$ & =ty-two p]sons1 :o dep>t$ f ,egypt4 ,:5 ,david1 aft] ! example ( ,moses1 ord]$ ! numb]+ ( all ! p1 he f\nd eight hundr$ ?\s& w>riors ( ! tribes ( ,israel1 & five hundr$ ?\s& ( t ( ,judah1 accord+ to ! ,book ( ,k+s2 b accord+ to ,*ronicles !y reckon$ elev5 hundr$ ?\s& w>riors 9 ,israel2 & less ?an five hundr$ ?\s& 9 ,judah4 ,! ,book ( ,k+s =mally excludes ,levi & ,b5jam91 & c\nts !m n4 ,if !re=e we jo9 ^! two tribes to ! o!rs 9 _! proportion1 ! total ( ! w>riors w am\nt to n9ete5 hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s&4 ,?is is a great numb] = ! little c\ntry ( ,juda1 ! half ( :i* is compos$ ( frightful rocks & cav]ns3 b x 0 a miracle4 ,x is n = u to ent] into ! reasons = :i* ! ,sov]eign ,arbit] ( k+s & p puni%$ ,david = an op]ation :i* he himself comm&$ to ,moses4 ,x /ill less becomes u to seek :y ,god1 be+ irritat$ aga9/ ,david1 puni%$ ! p = be+ numb]$4 ,! prophet ,gad ord]$ ! k+ on ! "p ( ,god to *oose w>1 fam9e1 or pe/il5ce4 ,david accept$ ! pe/il5ce1 & sev5ty ?\s& ,jews di$ ( x 9 ?ree days4 ,/4 ,ambrosius1 9 8 book ( ,rep5tance1 & ,/4 ,augu/9e 9 8 book aga9/ ,fau/us1 ackn[l$g$ t pride & ambition l$ ,david to make ?is calculation4 ,_! op9ion is ( great weight1 & we c c]ta9ly submit to _! decision by ext+ui%+ all ! deceitful lights ( our own m9ds4 ,scripture relates a new numb]+ 9 ! "t ( ,esdras1 :5 ! ,jewi% nation return$ f captivity4 ,all ?is multitude 7say equally ,esdras & ,nehemiah1 be+ z "o man7 am\nt$ to =ty-two ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & sixty p]sons4 ,!y 7 all nam$ by families1 & !y c\nt$ ! numb] ( ,jews ( ea* family1 & ! numb] ( prie/s4 ,b 9 ^! two au?ors !re are n only diff]5ces betwe5 ! numb]s & ! names ( families1 b we fur!r see an error ( calculation 9 bo?4 ,by ! calculation ( ,esdras1 in/ead ( =ty-two ?\s& m51 aft] computation we f9d b tw5ty-n9e ?\s& eight hundr$ & eighte52 & by t ( ,nehemiah we f9d ?irty-"o ?\s& & eighty-n9e4 ,we mu/ consult ! comm5tators on ?is app>5t mi/ake1 p>ticul>ly ,dom ,calmet1 :o add+ to "o ( ^! calculations :at is want+ to ! o!r1 & fur!r add+ :at is want$ to bo? ( !m1 solves all ! difficulty4 ,to ! computations ( ,esdras & ,nehemiah1 z reckon$ by ,calmet1 are want+ t5 ?\s& sev5 hundr$ & sev5ty-sev5 p]sons2 b we f9d !m 9 families :i* c\ld n give _! g5ealogy2 besides1 if !re 7 any fault ( ! copyi/1 x c\ld n de/roy ! v]acity ( ! div9ely inspir$ text4 ,x is to be believ$ t ! great neighbor+ k+s ( ,pale/9e made numb]+s ( _! p z frequ5tly z possible4 ,h]odotus gives u ! am\nt ( all ^? :o foll[$ ,x]xes1 )\t includ+ 8 naval =ces4 ,he reckons sev5te5 hundr$ ?\s& m51 & he pret5ds1 t to arrive at ?is computation1 !y 7 s5t 9 divisions ( t5 ?\s& into a place :i* w\ld only hold ?is numb] ( m5 closely cr[d$4 ,?is me?od is v faulty1 = by cr[d+ a little less1 ea* division ( t5 ?\s& might easily conta9 only f eight to n9e4 ,fur!r1 ?is me?od is n at all soldi]-l1 & x w\ld h be5 mu* m easy to h c\nt$ ! :ole by mak+ ! soldi]s m>* 9 rank & file4 ,x %\ld fur!r be obs]v$1 h[ difficult x 0 to support sev5te5 hundr$ ?\s& m5 9 ! c\ntry ( ,greece1 :i* !y w5t to conqu]4 ,we may v well d\bt ( ?is numb]1 & ! mann] ( reckon+ x2 ( ! :ipp+ giv5 to ! ,hellespont2 & ( ! sacrifice ( a ?\s& ox5 made to ,m9]va by a ,p]sian k+1 :o knew h] n1 & :o ador$ ! sun alone z ! only emblem ( ! ,div9ity4 ,besides1 ! numb]+ ( sev5te5 hundr$ ?\s& m5 is n complete1 ev5 by ! confession ( ,h]odotus1 s9ce ,x]xes fur!r c>ri$ ) him all ! p ( ,?race & ,mac$onia1 :om he =c$1 he says1 to foll[ him1 app>5tly ! soon] to />ve 8 army4 ,we %\ld !re=e d "h :at all wise m5 d 9 read+ anci5t1 & ev5 mod]n hi/ories--susp5d our judgm5t & d\bt mu*4 ,! fir/ numb]+ :i* we h ( a pr(ane nation is t made by ,s]vius ,tullius1 ! six? k+ ( ,rome4 ,he f\nd1 says ,titus ,livius1 eighty ?\s& combatants1 all ,roman citiz5s3 t implies ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s& citiz5s at lea/1 z _m old p1 wom5 & *ildr51 to :i* we mu/ add at lea/ tw5ty ?\s& dome/ics1 slaves & freem54 ,n[ we may reasonably d\bt :e!r ! little ,roman /ate conta9$ ?is numb]4 ,romulus only reign$ 7if we may call him k+7 ov] ab\t ?ree ?\s& b&its1 assembl$ 9 a little t[n betwe5 ! m\nta9s4 ,?is t[n 0 ! wor/ l& ( ,italy4 ,! circuit ( all 8 c\ntry 0 n ?ree ?\s& paces4 ,s]vius 0 ! six? *ief or k+ ( ?is ris+ p4 ,! rule ( ,newton1 :i* is indubitable = elective k+doms1 gives tw5ty-"o ye>s' reign to ea* k+1 & by t contradicts all ! anci5t hi/orians1 :o h nev] obs]v$ ! ord] ( "t1 nor giv5 any precise date4 ,! five k+s ( ,rome mu/ h reign$ ab\t a hundr$ ye>s4 ,x is c]ta9ly n 9 ! ord] ( nature t an ungrateful soil1 :i* 0 n five leagues 9 l5g? or ?ree 9 bread?1 & :i* mu/ h lo/ _m ( its inhabitants 9 its almo/ cont9ual little w>s1 c\ld be peopl$ ) ?ree hundr$ & =ty ?\s& s\ls4 ,!re is n half ! numb] 9 ! same t]ritory at pres5t1 :5 ,rome is ! metropolis ( ! ,*ri/ian _w2 :5 ! afflu5ce ( =eign]s & ! ambassadors ( s _m nations mu/ s]ve to p ! t[ns2 :5 gold fl[s f ,pol&1 ,hung>y1 half ( ,g]many1 ,spa91 & ,france1 by a ?\s& *annels into ! purse ( ! treasury1 & mu/ fur!r facilitate population1 if o!r causes int]cept x4 ,z ! hi/ory ( ,rome 0 n writt5 until m ?an five hundr$ ye>s aft] its f\ndation1 x w\ld n be at all surpris+ if ! hi/orians _h lib]ally giv5 ,s]vius ,tullius eighty ?\s& w>riors in/ead ( eight ?\s&1 ?r\gh false zeal = _! c\ntry4 ,_! zeal w\ld h be5 mu* m judici\s if !y _h confess$ ! weak comm5cem5t ( _! republic4 ,x is mu* m noble to be rais$ f s poor an orig9 to s mu* greatness1 ?an to h _h d\ble ! soldi]s ( ,alex&] to conqu] ab\t fifte5 leagues ( c\ntry 9 f\r hundr$ ye>s4 ,! c5sus 0 nev] tak5 except ( ,roman citiz5s4 ,x is pret5d$ t "u ,augu/us x am\nt$ to f\r millions "o hundr$ & ?irty-sev5 ?\s& 9 ! ye> #bi be=e our vulg> era1 accord+ to ,tillemont1 :o is v exact1 & ,dion ,cassius1 :o is no less s4 ,lawr5ce ,e*>d admits b "o numb]+1 ( f\r millions "o hundr$ & ?irty-sev5 ?\s& m51 9 ! ye> #ad ( our era4 ,! same ,e*>d speaks ( a g5]al numb]+ ( ! empire = ! fir/ ye> ( ! same era2 b he quotes no ,roman au?or1 nor specifies any calculation ( ! numb] ( citiz5s4 ,tillemont does n speak 9 any way ( ?is numb]+4 ,we h quot$ ,tacitus & ,suetonius1 b to v little purpose4 ,! c5sus ( :i* ,suetonius speaks is n a numb]+ ( citiz5s2 x is only a li/ ( ^? to :om ! public furni%$ corn4 ,tacitus only speaks1 9 book ii41 ( a c5sus e/abli%$ among ! ,gauls1 = ! purpose ( rais+ m tribute on ea* head4 ,augu/us nev] made a calculation ( ! o!r subjects ( 8 empire1 because !y paid n ! poll-tax1 :i* he wi%$ to e/abli% 9 ,gaul4 ,tacitus says t ,augu/us _h a memoir1 writt5 9 8 own h&1 :i* conta9$ ! rev5ues ( ! empire1 ! fleets & contribut>y k+doms4 ,he speaks n ( any numb]+4 ,dion ,cassius speaks ( a c5sus1 b he specifies no numb]4 ,josephus1 9 8 ,antiquities1 says t 9 ! ye> #gei ( ,rome--! "t answ]+ to ! elev5? ye> ( our era--,cyr5ius1 !n con/itut$ gov]nor ( ,syria1 caus$ a li/ to be made ( all ! prop]ty ( ! ,jews1 :i* caus$ a revolt4 ,?is has no relation to a g5]al numb]+1 & m]ely proves t ?is ,cyr5ius 0 n gov]nor ( ,juda--:i* 0 !n a little prov9ce ( ,syria--until t5 ye>s aft]1 & n at ! bir? ( our ,savi\r4 ,^! seem to me to be all ! pr9cipal passages t we c collect 9 pr(ane hi/ories1 t\*+ ! numb]+s attribut$ to ,augu/us4 ,if we ref] to !m1 ,jesus ,*ri/ w\ld be born "u ! gov]nm5t ( ,v>us1 & n "u t ( ,cyr5ius2 & !re c\ld h be5 no univ]sal numb]+4 ,b ,/4 ,luke1 ^: au?ority %\ld prevail ov] t ( ,josephus1 ,suetonius1 ,tacitus1 ,dion ,cassius1 & all ! writ]s ( ,rome--,/4 ,luke affirms positively t !re 0 a univ]sal numb]+ ( all ! e>?1 & t ,cyr5ius 0 gov]nor ( ,juda4 ,we mu/ !re=e ref] solely to him1 )\t ev5 seek+ to reconcile him ) ,flavius ,josephus1 or ) any o!r hi/orian4 ,z to ! re/1 nei!r ! ,new nor ! ,old ,te/am5t has be5 giv5 to u to enlight5 po9ts ( hi/ory1 b to ann\nce salut>y tru?s1 be=e :i* all ev5ts & op9ions %\ld vani%4 ,x is ?us t we always reply to ! false calculations1 contradictions1 absurdities1 enorm\s faults ( geography1 *ronology1 physics1 & ev5 common s5se1 ) :i* philosoph]s tell u ! ,holy ,scripture is fill$2 we cease n to reply t !re is "h no "q ( reason1 b ( fai? & piety4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,) reg>d to ! numb]s ( ! mod]ns1 k+s fe> n at pres5t t a doctor ,gad %\ld propose to !m on ! "p ( ,god1 ei!r fam9e1 w>1 or pe/il5ce1 to puni% !m = wi%+ to "k ! am\nt ( _! subjects4 ,none ( !m "k x4 ,we conjecture & guess1 & always possibly )9 a few millions ( m54 ,i h c>ri$ ! numb] ( inhabitants :i* compose ! empire ( ,russia to tw5ty-f\r millions1 9 ! /atem5ts :i* h be5 s5t to me2 b ,i h n gu>ante$ ?is valuation1 because ,i "k v little ab\t x4 ,i believe t ,g]many possess$ z _m p1 reckon+ ! ,hung>ians4 ,if ,i am deceiv$ by "o or two millions1 we "k x is a trifle 9 su* a case4 ,i beg p>don ( ! ,k+ ( ,spa91 if ,i h only aw>d$ him sev5 millions ( subjects 9 our cont95t4 ,x is a v small numb]2 b ,don ,u/>is1 employ$ 9 ! m9i/ry1 gives him no m4 ,we reckon f ab\t n9e to t5 millions ( free be+s 9 ! ?ree k+doms ( ,great ,brita94 ,9 ,france we c\nt betwe5 sixte5 & tw5ty millions4 ,?is is a pro( t ,doctor ,gad has no?+ :]e) to reproa* ! m9i/ry ( ,france4 ,z to ! capital t[ns1 op9ions are fur!r divid$4 ,accord+ to "s calculators1 ,p>is has sev5 hundr$ ?\s& inhabitants1 & accord+ to o!rs five hundr$ ?\s&4 ,x is ?us ) ,london1 ,con/ant9ople1 & ,gr& ,cairo4 ,z to ! subjects ( ! pope1 !y w make a cr[d 9 p>adise1 b ! multitude is mod]ate on e>?4 ,:y s8--because !y are subjects ( ! pope4 ,w\ld ,cato ! ,c5sor h ev] believ$ ! ,romans w\ld come to t pass8 ,,occult ,,qualities4 ,occult qualities h = a v long "t be5 mu* d]id$2 x w\ld be m prop] to d]ide ^? :o d n believe 9 !m4 ,let u = ! hundr$? "t repeat t e pr9ciple1 e primitive s\rce ( any ( ! works :i* come f ! h& ( ! demi\rgos1 is occult1 & et]nally hidd5 f mortals4 ,:at is ! c5tripetal =ce1 ! =ce ( gravitation1 :i* acts )\t contact at su* imm5se di/ances8 ,:at causes our he>ts to beat sixty times a m9ute8 ,:at o!r p[] *anges ?is grass into milk 9 ! udd] ( a c[8 & ?is bread into ! fle%1 blood1 & bone ( t *ild1 :o gr[s proportionally :ile he eats x1 until he arrives at ! height det]m9$ by nature1 aft] :i* !re is no art :i* c add a l9e to x4 ,vegetables1 m9]als1 animals1 :]e is y\r orig9at+ pr9ciple8 ,9 ! h&s ( ,him :o turns ! sun on its axis1 & :o has clo!d x ) light4 ,?is lead w nev] become silv]1 nor ?is silv] gold2 ?is gold w nev] become diamond1 nor ?is /raw be trans=m$ into lemons & bananas4 ,:at corpuscul> sy/em ( physics1 :at atoms1 det]m9e _! nature8 ,y "k no?+ ab\t x1 & ! cause w be et]nally occult to y4 ,all t surr\nds u1 all )9 u1 is an enigma :i* x is n 9 ! p[] ( man to div9e4 ,! furr$ ignoramus ought to h be5 aw>e ( ?is tru? :5 he said t bea/s possess a vegetative & s5sitive s\l1 & man a s\l :i* is vegetative1 s5sitive1 & intellectual4 ,poor man1 knead$ up ( pride1 :o has pron\nc$ only words--h y ev] se5 a s\l8 ,"k y h[ x is made8 ,we h spok5 mu* ( ! s\l 9 ^! inquiries1 b h always confess$ our ignorance4 ,i n[ repeat ?is confession /ill m emphatically1 s9ce ! m ,i read1 ! m ,i m$itate1 & ! m ,i acquire1 ! m am ,i enabl$ to affirm t ,i "k no?+4 ,,(f5ces 7,,local74 ,if we travel ?r\gh\t ! :ole e>?1 we /ill f9d t !ft1 murd]1 adult]y1 calumny1 etc41 are reg>d$ z (f5ces :i* society condemns & represses2 b t :i* is approv$ 9 ,engl& & condemn$ 9 ,italy1 ought x to be puni%$ 9 ,italy1 z if x 7 "o ( ! crimes aga9/ g5]al humanity8 ,t :i* is a crime only 9 ! prec9cts ( "s m\nta9s1 or betwe5 two riv]s1 dem&s x n f judges m indulg5ce ?an ^? outrages :i* are reg>d$ ) horror 9 all c\ntries8 ,ought n ! judge to say to himself1 ,i %\ld n d>e to puni% 9 ,ragusa :at ,i puni% at ,loretto8 ,%\ld n ?is reflection s(t5 8 he>t1 & mod]ate ! h>dness :i* x is too apt to contract 9 ! long ex]cise ( 8 employm5t8 ,! ,k]messes ( ,fl&]s are well kn[n2 !y 7 c>ri$ 9 ! la/ c5tury to a degree ( indec5cy1 revolt+ to ! eyes ( all p]sons :o 7 n accu/om$ to su* spectacles4 ,! foll[+ is ! mann] 9 :i* ,*ri/mas is celebrat$ 9 "s c\ntries4 ,9 ! fir/ place appe>s a "y man half-nak$1 ) w+s on 8 %\ld]s2 he repeats ! ,ave ,m>ia to a "y girl1 :o replies fiat1 & ! angel kisses h] on ! m\?2 aft] :i* a *ild1 %ut up 9 a great cock ( pa/ebo>d1 imitates ! cr[+ ( ! cock4 ,pu] natus e/ nobis4 ,a great ox bell[s out ubi2 a %eep baas out ,be?lehem2 an ass brays hihanus1 to signify eamus2 & a long procession1 prec$$ by f\r fools ) bells & baubles1 br+s up ! re>4 ,!re /ill rema9 "s traces ( ?is popul> devotion1 :i* among a civiliz$ & educat$ p w\ld be tak5 = pr(anation4 ,a ,swiss1 out ( pati5ce1 & possibly m intoxicat$ ?an ! p]=m]s ( ! ox & ! ass1 took ! lib]ty ( remon/rat+ ) !m at ,l\va91 & 0 rew>d$ ) no small numb] ( bl[s2 !y w\ld inde$ h hang$ him1 & he escap$ ) great difficulty4 ,! same man _h a dang]\s qu>rel at ,! ,hague = viol5tly tak+ ! "p ( ,b>nevelt aga9/ an outrage\s ,gom>i/4 ,he 0 imprison$ at ,am/]dam = say+ t prie/s 7 ! sc\rge ( humanity1 & ! s\rce ( all our mis=tunes4 ,h[6 said he1 if we ma9ta9 t good works are necess>y to salvation1 we are s5t to a dungeon2 & if we laugh at a cock & an ass we risk hang+6 ,ridicul\s z ?is adv5ture 01 x is suffici5t to conv9ce u t we may be crim9al 9 "o or two po9ts 9 our hemisph]e1 & innoc5t 9 all ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,,onan4 ,! race ( ,onan exhibits great s+ul>ities4 ,! patri>* ,judah1 8 fa!r1 lay ) 8 daught]-9-law1 ,tam> ! ,phnician1 9 ! highroad2 ,jacob1 ! fa!r ( ,judah1 0 at ! same "t m>ri$ to two si/]s1 ! daught]s ( an idolat]2 & delud$ bo? 8 fa!r & fa!r-9-law4 ,lot1 ! gr&uncle ( ,jacob1 lay ) 8 two daught]s4 ,saleum1 "o ( ! desc5dants ( ,jacob & ( ,judah1 esp\s$ ,rahab ! ,canaanite1 a pro/itute4 ,boaz1 son ( ,saleum & ,rahab1 receiv$ into 8 b$ ,ru? ! ,midianite2 & 0 great gr&fa!r ( ,david4 ,david took away ,ba?%eba f ! w>rior ,uriah1 h] husb&1 & caus$ him to be sla91 t he might be unre/ra9$ 9 8 am\r4 ,la/ly1 9 ! two g5ealogies ( ,*ri/1 :i* diff] 9 s _m po9ts1 b agree 9 ?is1 we discov] t he desc5d$ f ?is tissue ( =nication1 adult]y1 & ince/4 ,no?+ is m prop] to conf\nd human prud5ce2 to humble our limit$ m9ds2 & to conv9ce u t ! ways ( ,provid5ce are n l our ways4 ,! rev]5d fa!r ,dom ,calmet makes ?is reflection1 9 allud+ to ! ince/ ( ,judah ) ,tam>1 & to ! s9 ( ,onan1 spok5 ( 9 ! #ch? *apt] ( ,g5esis3 ,scripture1 he obs]ves1 gives u ! details ( a hi/ory1 :i* on ! fir/ p]usal /rikes our m9ds z n ( a nature = edification2 b ! hidd5 s5se :i* is %ut up 9 x is z elevat$ z t ( ! m]e lett] appe>s l[ to c>nal eyes4 ,x is n )\t good reasons t ! ,holy ,_s has all[$ ! hi/ories ( ,tam>1 ( ,rahab1 ( ,ru?1 & ( ,ba?%eba1 to =m a "p ( ! g5ealogy ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,x might h be5 well if ,dom ,calmet _h expla9$ ^! s\nd reasons1 by :i* we might h cle>$ up ! d\bts & appeas$ ! scruples ( all ! hone/ & timor\s s\ls :o are anxi\s to compreh5d h[ ?is ,supreme ,be+1 ! ,creator ( worlds1 c\ld be born 9 a ,jewi% village1 ( a race ( plund]]s & ( pro/itutes4 ,?is my/]y1 :i* is n less inconceivable ?an o!r my/]ies1 0 assur$ly wor?y ! explanation ( s able a comm5tator--b to return to our subject4 ,we p]fectly und]/& ! crime ( ! patri>* ,judah1 & ( ! patri>*s ,simeon & ,levi1 8 bro!rs1 at ,si*em2 b x is m difficult to und]/& ! s9 ( ,onan4 ,judah _h m>ri$ 8 elde/ son ,er to ! ,phnician1 ,tam>4 ,er di$ 9 consequ5ce ( 8 wick$ness1 & ! patri>* wi%$ 8 second son to esp\se ! wid[1 accord+ to an anci5t law ( ! ,egyptians & ,phnicians1 _! neighbors1 :i* 0 call$ rais+ up se$ = 8 bro!r4 ,! fir/ *ild ( ?is second m>riage bore ! "n ( ! deceas$1 & ?is ,onan object$ to4 ,he hat$ ! memory ( 8 bro!r1 or to produce a *ild to be> ! "n ( ,er2 & to avoid x took ! means :i* are detail$ 9 ! *apt] ( ,g5esis already m5tion$1 & :i* are practis$ by no species ( animals b apes & human be+s4 ,an ,engli% physician wrote a small volume on ?is vice1 :i* he call$ aft] ! "n ( ! patri>* :o 0 guilty ( x4 ,m4 ,tissot1 ! celebrat$ physician ( ,lausanne1 also wrote on ?is subject1 9 a "w mu* m pr(\nd & me?odical ?an ! ,engli% "o4 ,^! two works detail ! consequ5ces ( ?is unhappy habit--loss ( /r5g?1 impot5ce1 weakness ( ! /oma* & inte/9es1 trembl+s1 v]tigo1 le?>gy1 & (t5 premature dea?4 ,m4 ,tissot1 h[ev]1 to console u = ?is evil1 relates z _m examples ( ! mis*iefs ( repletion 9 bo? sexes4 ,!re _c be a /rong] argum5t aga9/ ra% v[s ( *a/ity4 ,f ! examples af=d$1 x is impossible to avoid be+ conv9c$ ( ! enorm\s folly ( condemn+ ourselves to ^! turpitudes 9 ord] to r5\nce a connection :i* has be5 expressly comm&$ by ,god ,himself4 ,9 ?is mann] ?9k ! ,prote/ants1 ! ,jews1 ! ,mahometans1 & _m o!r nations2 ! ,ca?olics (f] o!r reasons 9 favor ( conv]ts4 ,i %all m]ely say ( ! ,ca?olics :at ,dom ,calmet says ( ! ,holy ,gho/--,t _! reasons are d\btless good1 c\ld we und]/& !m4 ,,op9ion4 ,:at is ! op9ion ( all ! nations ( ! nor? ( ,am]ica1 & ^? :i* bord] ! ,/raits ( ,sunda1 on ! be/ ( gov]nm5ts1 & be/ ( religions2 on public ecclesia/ical rights2 on ! mann] ( writ+ hi/ory2 on ! nature ( trag$y1 com$y1 op]a1 eclogue1 epic poetry2 on innate ideas1 concomitant grace1 & ! miracles ( ,deacon ,p>is8 ,x is cle> t all ^! p h no op9ions on ?+s ( :i* !y h no ideas4 ,!y h a confus$ feel+ ( _! cu/oms1 & g n beyond ?is in/9ct4 ,su* are ! p :o inhabit ! %ores ( ! ,froz5 ,sea = ! space ( fifte5 hundr$ leagues4 ,su* are ! inhabitants ( ! ?ree p>ts ( ,africa1 & ^? ( ne>ly all ! isles ( ,asia2 ( tw5ty hordes ( ,t>t>s1 & almo/ all m5 solely occupi$ ) ! pa9ful & cont9ual c>e ( provid+ _! subsi/5ce4 ,su* are1 at two /eps f u1 mo/ ( ! ,morla*ians1 _m ( ! ,savoy>ds1 & "s citiz5s ( ,p>is4 ,:5 a nation beg9s to be civiliz$1 x has "s op9ions :i* are q false4 ,x believes 9 spirits1 sorc]]s1 ! en*antm5t ( s]p5ts & _! immortality2 9 possessions ( ! devil1 exorcisms1 & soo?say]s4 ,x is p]suad$ t se$s mu/ gr[ rott5 9 ! e>? to spr+ up aga91 & t ! qu>t]s ( ! moon are ! causes ( accesses ( fev]4 ,a ,talapo9 p]suades 8 foll[]s t ! god ,sammonocodom soj\rn$ "s "t at ,siam1 & t he cut d[n all ! trees 9 a =e/ :i* prev5t$ him f fly+ 8 kite at 8 ease1 :i* 0 8 favorite amusem5t4 ,?is idea takes root 9 _! heads2 & f9ally1 an hone/ man :o might d\bt ?is adv5ture ( ,sammonocodom1 w\ld run ! risk ( be+ /on$4 ,x requires ages to de/roy a popul> op9ion4 ,op9ion is call$ ! que5 ( ! _w2 x is s2 = :5 reason opposes x1 x is condemn$ to dea?4 ,x mu/ rise tw5ty times f its a%es to gradually drive away ! usurp]4 ,,optimism4 ,i beg ( y1 g5tlem51 to expla9 to me h[ ev]y?+ is = ! be/2 = ,i d n und]/& x4 ,does x signify t ev]y?+ is arrang$ & ord]$ accord+ to ! laws ( ! impell+ p[]8 ,t ,i compreh5d & ackn[l$ge4 ,d y mean t e "o is well & possesses ! means ( liv+--t nobody suff]s8 ,y "k t su* is n ! case4 ,are y ( ! op9ion t ! lam5table calamities :i* afflict ! e>? are good 9 ref]5ce to ,god2 & t ,he takes pleasure 9 !m8 ,i cr$it n ?is horrible doctr9e2 nei!r d y4 ,h ! goodness to expla9 h[ all is = ! be/4 ,plato1 ! dialectician1 condesc5d$ to all[ to ,god ! lib]ty ( mak+ five worlds2 because1 said he1 !re are five regul> solids 9 geometry1 ! tetrah$ron1 ! cube1 ! hexah$ron1 ! dodecah$ron1 & ! icosah$ron4 ,b :y ?us re/rict div9e p[]8 ,:y n p]mit ! sph]e1 :i* is /ill m regul>1 & ev5 ! cone1 ! pyramid ( _m sides1 ! cyl9d]1 etc48 ,god1 accord+ to ,plato1 necess>ily *ose ! be/ ( all possible worlds2 & ?is sy/em has be5 embrac$ by _m ,*ri/ian philosoph]s1 al?\gh x appe>s repugnant to ! doctr9e ( orig9al s94 ,aft] ?is transgression1 our globe 0 no m ! be/ ( all possible worlds4 ,if x 0 ev] s1 x might be s /ill2 b _m p believe x to be ! wor/ ( worlds in/ead ( ! be/4 ,leibnitz takes ! "p ( ,plato2 m read]s ?an "o compla9 ( _! inability to und]/& ei!r ! "o or ! o!r2 & = ourselves1 hav+ read bo? ( !m m ?an once1 we av[ our ignorance accord+ to cu/om2 & s9ce ! gospel has reveal$ no?+ on ! subject1 we rema9 9 d>kness )\t remorse4 ,leibnitz1 :o speaks ( ev]y?+1 has treat$ ( orig9al s92 & z e man ( sy/ems introduces into 8 plan some?+ contradictory1 he imag9$ t ! disob$i5ce t[>ds ,god1 ) ! frightful mis=tunes :i* foll[$ x1 7 integral p>ts ( ! be/ ( worlds1 & necess>y +r$i5ts ( all possible felicity3 ,calla1 calla1 s5or don ,c>los2 todo *e se haze es por su b54 ,:at6 to be *as$ f a delici\s place1 :]e we might h liv$ = ev] only = ! eat+ ( an apple8 ,:at6 to produce 9 mis]y wret*$ *ildr51 :o w suff] ev]y?+1 & 9 return produce o!rs to suff] aft] !m8 ,:at6 to exp]i5ce all maladies1 feel all vexations1 die 9 ! mid/ ( grief1 & by way ( recomp5se be burn$ to all et]nity--is ?is lot ! be/ possible8 ,x c]ta9ly is n good = u1 & 9 :at mann] c x be s = ,god8 ,leibnitz felt t no?+ c\ld be said to ^! objections1 b nev]!less made great books1 9 :i* he did n ev5 und]/& himself4 ,lucullus1 9 good heal?1 p>tak+ ( a good d9n] ) 8 fri5ds & 8 mi/ress 9 ! hall ( ,apollo1 may jocosely d5y ! exi/5ce ( evil2 b let him put 8 head out ( ! w9d[ & he w behold wret*es 9 abundance2 let him be seiz$ ) a fev]1 & he w be "o himself4 ,i d n l to quote2 x is ord9>ily a ?orny proce$+4 ,:at prec$es & :at foll[s ! passage quot$ is too frequ5tly neglect$2 & ?us a ?\s& objections may rise4 ,i mu/1 not)/&+1 quote ,lactantius1 "o ( ! fa!rs1 :o1 9 ! ?irte5? *apt] on ! ang] ( ,god1 makes ,epicurus speak z foll[s3 ,god c ei!r take away evil f ! _w & w n2 or be+ will+ to d s1 _c2 or ,he nei!r c nor w2 or1 la/ly1 ,he is bo? able & will+4 ,if ,he is will+ to remove evil & _c1 !n is ,he n omnipot5t4 ,if ,he c1 b w n remove x1 !n is ,he n b5evol5t2 if ,he is nei!r able nor will+1 !n is ,he nei!r p[]ful nor b5evol5t2 la/ly1 if bo? able & will+ to annihilate evil1 h[ does x exi/8 ,! argum5t is weighty1 & ,lactantius replies to x v poorly by say+ t ,god wills evil1 b has giv5 u wisdom to secure ! good4 ,x mu/ be confess$ t ?is answ] is v weak 9 comp>ison ) ! objection2 = x implies t ,god c\ld be/[ wisdom only by all[+ evil--a pleasant wisdom truly6 ,! orig9 ( evil has always be5 an abyss1 ! dep? ( :i* no "o has be5 able to s\nd4 ,x 0 ?is difficulty :i* r$uc$ s _m anci5t philosoph]s & legislators to h rec\rse to two pr9ciples--! "o good1 ! o!r wick$4 ,typhon 0 ! evil pr9ciple among ! ,egyptians1 ,arimanes among ! ,p]sians4 ,! ,mani*ans1 x is said1 adopt$ ?is !ory2 b z ^! p h nev] spok5 ei!r ( a good or ( a bad pr9ciple1 we h no?+ to prove x b ! ass]tion4 ,among ! absurdities ab\nd+ 9 ?is _w1 & :i* may be plac$ among ! numb] ( our evils1 t is n ! lea/ :i* presumes ! exi/5ce ( two all-p[]ful be+s1 combat+ :i* %all prevail mo/ 9 ?is _w1 & mak+ a treaty l ! two physicians 9 ,molire3 ,all[ me ! emetic1 & ,i resign to y ! lancet4 ,basilides pret5d$1 ) ! platoni/s ( ! fir/ c5tury ( ! *ur*1 t ,god gave ! mak+ ( our _w to ,8 inf]ior angels1 & ^!1 be+ inexp]t1 h con/ruct$ x z we p]ceive4 ,?is !ological fable is laid pro/rate by ! ov]:elm+ objection t x is n 9 ! nature ( a deity all-p[]ful & all-wise to intru/ ! con/ruction ( a _w to incompet5t ar*itects4 ,simon1 :o felt ! =ce ( ?is objection1 obviates x by say+ t ! angel :o presid$ ov] ! workm5 is damn$ = hav+ done 8 bus9ess s slov5ly1 b ! roa/+ ( ?is angel am5ds no?+4 ,! adv5ture ( ,p&ora among ! ,greeks sc>cely meets ! objection bett]4 ,! box 9 :i* e evil is enclos$1 & at ! bottom ( :i* rema9s ,hope1 is inde$ a *>m+ allegory2 b ?is ,p&ora 0 made by ,vulcan1 only to av5ge himself on ,prome!us1 :o _h /ol5 fire to in=m a man ( clay4 ,! ,indians h succe$$ no bett]4 ,god hav+ creat$ man1 gave him a drug :i* w\ld insure him p]man5t heal? ( body4 ,! man load$ 8 ass ) ! drug1 & ! ass be+ ?ir/y1 ! s]p5t direct$ him to a f\nta91 & :ile ! ass 0 dr9k+1 purlo9$ ! drug4 ,! ,syrians pret5d$ t man & woman hav+ be5 creat$ 9 ! f\r? heav51 !y resolv$ to eat a cake 9 lieu ( ambrosia1 _! natural food4 ,ambrosia exhal$ by ! pores2 b aft] eat+ cake1 !y 7 oblig$ to relieve !mselves 9 ! usual mann]4 ,! man & ! woman reque/$ an angel to direct !m to a wat]-closet4 ,behold1 said ! angel1 t petty globe :i* is almo/ ( no size at all2 x is situat$ ab\t sixty millions ( leagues f ?is place1 & is ! privy ( ! univ]se--g !re z quickly z y c4 ,! man & woman obey$ ! angel & came "h1 :]e !y h ev] s9ce rema9$2 s9ce :i* "t ! _w has be5 :at we n[ f9d x4 ,! ,syrians w et]nally be ask$ :y ,god all[$ man to eat ! cake & exp]i5ce su* a cr[d ( =midable ills8 ,i pass ) spe$ f ! f\r? heav5 to ,"l ,bol+broke4 ,?is writ]1 :o d\btless 0 a great g5ius1 gave to ! celebrat$ ,pope 8 plan ( all = ! be/1 z x is f\nd ^w = ^w 9 ! po/hum\s works ( ,"l ,bol+broke1 & record$ by ,"l ,%aftesbury 9 8 ,*>act]i/ics4 ,read 9 ,%aftesbury's *apt] ( ! ,morali/s ! foll[+ passage3 ,mu* may be repli$ to ^! compla9ts ( ! defects ( nature--,h[ came x s p[]less & defective f ! h&s ( a p]fect ,be+8--,b ,i d5y t x is defective4 ,beauty is ! result ( contra/1 & univ]sal concord spr+s out ( a p]petual conflict4444 ,x is necess>y t ev]y?+ be sacrific$ to o!r ?+s--vegetables to animals1 & animals to ! e>?4444 ,! laws ( ! c5tral p[] ( gravitation1 :i* give to ! cele/ial bodies _! weight & motion1 are n to be d]ang$ 9 consid]ation ( a pitiful animal1 :o1 protect$ z he is by ! same laws1 w soon be r$uc$ to du/4 ,bol+broke1 ,%aftesbury1 & ,pope1 _! work+ artisan1 resolve _! g5]al "q no bett] ?an ! re/4 ,_! all = ! be/ says no m ?an t all is gov]n$ by immutable laws2 & :o did n "k t8 ,we le>n no?+ :5 we rem>k1 aft] ! mann] ( little *ildr51 t flies are creat$ to be eat5 by spid]s1 spid]s by swall[s1 swall[s by hawks1 hawks by eagles1 eagles by m51 m5 by "o ano!r1 to af=d food = worms2 & at la/1 at ! rate ( ab\t a ?\s& to "o1 to be ! prey ( devils ev]la/+ly4 ,!re is a con/ant & regul> ord] e/abli%$ among animals ( all k9ds--a univ]sal ord]4 ,:5 a /one is =m$ 9 my bladd]1 ! me*anical process is admirable2 s&y p>ticles pass by small degrees into my blood2 !y are filt]$ by ! ve9s2 & pass+ ! ure?ra1 deposit !mselves 9 my bladd]2 :]e1 unit+ agreeably to ! ,newtonian attraction1 a /one is =m$1 :i* gradually increases1 & ,i suff] pa9s a ?\s& times worse ?an dea? by ! f9e/ arrangem5t 9 ! _w4 ,a surgeon1 p]fect 9 ! art ( ,tubal-,ca91 ?ru/s into me a %>p in/rum5t2 & cutt+ into ! p]9eum1 seizes ! /one ) 8 p9c]s1 :i* breaks dur+ ! endeavors1 by ! necess>y laws ( me*anism2 & ow+ to ! same me*anism1 ,i die 9 frightful torm5ts4 ,all ?is is = ! be/1 be+ ! evid5t result ( unalt]able physical pr9ciples1 agreeably to :i* ,i "k z well z y t ,i p]i%4 ,if we 7 ins5sitive1 !re w\ld be no?+ to say aga9/ ?is sy/em ( physics2 b ?is is n ! po9t on :i* we treat4 ,we ask if !re are n physical evils1 & :5ce d !y orig9ate8 ,!re is no absolute evil1 says ,pope 9 8 ,essay on ,man2 or if !re are p>ticul> evils1 !y compose a g5]al good4 ,x is a s+ul> g5]al good :i* is compos$ ( ! /one & ! g\t--( all sorts ( crime & suff]+s1 & ( dea? & damnation4 ,! fall ( man is our plai/] = all ^! p>ticul> maladies ( body & s\l1 :i* y call ! g5]al heal?2 b ,%aftesbury & ,bol+broke h attack$ orig9al s94 ,pope says no?+ ab\t x2 b x is cle> t _! sy/em saps ! f\ndations ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 & expla9s no?+ at all4 ,9 ! meantime1 ?is sy/em has be5 s9ce approv$ by _m !ologians1 :o will+ly embrace contradictions4 ,be x s2 we ought to leave to ev]ybody ! privilege ( reason+ 9 _! own way ^u ! deluge ( ills :i* ov]:elm u4 ,x w\ld be z reasonable to prev5t incurable pati5ts f eat+ :at !y please4 ,god1 says ,pope1 beholds1 ) an equal eye1 a h]o p]i% or a sp>r[ fall2 ! de/ruction ( an atom1 or ! ru9 ( a ?\s& planets2 ! bur/+ ( a bubble1 or ! dissolution ( a _w4 ,?is1 ,i mu/ confess1 is a pleasant consolation4 ,:o does n f9d a com=t 9 ! decl>ation ( ,"l ,%aftesbury1 :o ass]ts1 t ,god w n d]ange ,8 g5]al sy/em = s mis]able an animal z man8 ,x mu/ be confess$ at lea/ t ?is pitiful creature has a "r to cry out humbly1 & to endeavor1 :ile bemoan+ himself1 to und]/& :y ^! et]nal laws d n compreh5d ! good ( e individual4 ,?is sy/em ( all = ! be/ repres5ts ! ,au?or ( ,nature z a p[]ful & malevol5t mon>*1 :o c>es n = ! de/ruction ( f\r or five hundr$ ?\s& m51 nor ( ! _m m :o 9 consequ5ce sp5d ! re/ ( _! days 9 p5ury & te>s1 provid$ ,he succe$s 9 ,8 designs4 ,f> !re=e f ! doctr9e--t ?is is ! be/ ( all possible worlds--be+ consolatory1 x is a hopeless "o to ! philosoph]s :o embrace x4 ,! "q ( good & evil rema9s 9 irrem$iable *aos = ^? :o seek to fa?om x 9 reality4 ,x is a m]e m5tal sport to ! disputants1 :o are captives t play ) _! *a9s4 ,z to unreason+ p1 !y resemble ! fi% :i* are transport$ f a riv] to a res]voir1 ) no m suspicion t !y are to be eat5 dur+ ! approa*+ ,l5t1 ?an we h ourselves ( ! facts :i* orig9ate our de/9y4 ,let u place at ! end ( e *apt] ( metaphysics ! two lett]s us$ by ! ,roman judges :5 !y did n und]/& a plead+4 ,n4,l4 non liquet--x is n cle>4 ,let u1 above all1 sil5ce ! knaves :o1 ov]load$ l ourselves ) ! weight ( human calamities1 add ! mis*ief ( _! calumny2 let u refute _! execrable impo/ure by hav+ rec\rse to fai? & ,provid5ce4 ,"s reason]s are ( op9ion t x agrees n ) ! nature ( ! ,great ,be+ ( ,be+s = ?+s to be o!rwise ?an !y are4 ,x is a r\gh sy/em1 & ,i am too ignorant to v5ture to exam9e x4 ,,oracles4 ,,section ,i4 ,aft] ! sect ( ! ,ph>isees among ! ,jews _h become acqua9t$ ) ! devil1 "s reason]s among !m began to ent]ta9 ! idea t ! devil & 8 companions inspir$1 among all o!r nations1 ! prie/s & /atues t deliv]$ oracles4 ,! ,sadducees _h no belief 9 su* be+s4 ,!y admitt$ nei!r angels nor demons4 ,x appe>s t !y 7 m philosophic ?an ! ,ph>isees1 & consequ5tly less calculat$ to obta9 influ5ce & cr$it ) ! p4 ,! devil 0 ! great ag5t ) ! ,jewi% populace 9 ! "t ( ,gamaliel1 ,john ! ,bapti/1 ,james ,oblia1 & ,jesus 8 bro!r1 :o 0 our ,savi\r1 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,accord+ly1 we p]ceive t ! devil transports ,jesus sometimes into ! wild]ness1 sometimes to ! p9nacle ( ! temple1 & sometimes to a neighbor+ hill1 f :i* might be discov]$ all ! k+doms ( ! _w2 ! devil takes possession1 :5 he pleases1 ( ! p]sons ( boys1 girls1 & animals4 ,! ,*ri/ians1 al?\gh mortal enemies ( ! ,ph>isees1 adopt$ all t ! ,ph>isees _h imag9$ ( ! devil2 z ! ,jews _h long be=e introduc$ among !mselves ! cu/oms & c]emonies ( ! ,egyptians4 ,no?+ is s common z to imitate ! practices ( enemies1 & to use _! weapons4 ,9 a %ort "t ! fa!rs ( ! *ur* ascrib$ to ! devil all ! religions :i* divid$ ! e>?1 all pret5d$ prodigies1 all great ev5ts1 comets1 plagues1 epilepsies1 scr(ula1 etc4 ,! poor devil1 :o 0 suppos$ to be roa/+ 9 a hole "u ! e>?1 0 p]fectly a/oni%$ to f9d himself ma/] ( ! _w4 ,8 p[] aft]w>ds increas$ wond]fully f ! in/itution ( monks4 ,! motto or device ( all ^! newcom]s 01 ,give me money & ,i w deliv] y f ! devil4 ,b bo? ! cele/ial & t]re/rial p[] ( ^! g5try receiv$ at l5g? a t]rible *eck f ! h& ( "o ( _! own bro!rhood1 ,lu!r1 :o1 qu>rel+ ) !m ab\t "s begg>ly trifle1 disclos$ to ! _w all ! trick & villa9y ( _! my/]ies4 ,hondorf1 an eye-witness1 tells u t ! re=m$ p>ty hav+ expell$ ! monks f a conv5t at ,eis5a* 9 ,?ur+ia1 f\nd 9 x a /atue ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y & ! ,infant ,jesus1 contriv$ ) su* art t1 :5 (f]+s 7 plac$ ^u ! alt>1 ! ,virg9 & ,*ild b5t _! heads 9 sign ( grateful ackn[l$gm5t1 b turn$ _! backs on ^? :o pres5t$ !mselves ) empty h&s4 ,9 ,engl& ! case 0 mu* worse4 ,:5 by ord] ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 a judicial visitation took place ( all ! conv5ts1 half ( ! nuns 7 f\nd 9 a /ate ( pregnancy2 & ?is1 at lea/ x may be suppos$1 0 n by ! op]ation ( ! devil4 ,bi%op ,burnet relates t 9 a hundr$ & =ty-f\r conv5ts ! depositions tak5 by ! k+'s commission]s atte/$ abom9ations :i* ^? ( ,sodom & ,gomorrah did n ev5 approa*4 ,9 fact1 ! ,engli% monks might naturally be expect$ to be m dissolute ?an ! inhabitants ( ,sodom1 z !y 7 ri*]4 ,!y 7 9 possession ( ! be/ l&s 9 ! k+dom4 ,! t]ritory ( ,sodom & ,gomorrah1 on ! contr>y1 produc$ nei!r gra91 fruit1 nor pulse2 & be+ moreov] defici5t ev5 9 wat] fit to dr9k1 c\ld be nei!r m nor less ?an a frightful des]t1 inhabit$ by mis]able wret*es too mu* occupi$ 9 satisfy+ _! absolute necessities to h mu* "t to devote to pleasures4 ,9 %ort1 ^! sup]b asylums ( laz9ess hav+ be5 suppress$ by act ( p>liam5t1 all ! in/rum5ts ( _! pi\s frauds 7 expos$ 9 ! public places2 ! fam\s crucifix ( ,brocksley1 :i* mov$ & m>*$ l a puppet2 phials ( a r$ liquid :i* 0 pass$ (f = blood %$ by ! /atues ( sa9ts :5 !y 7 dissatisfi$ ) ! c\rt2 c&le/icks ( t9n$ iron1 9 :i* ! light$ c&les 7 c>efully plac$ s z to make ! p believe !y 7 ! same c&les t 7 always burn+2 speak+ tubes--s>bacans--:i* communicat$ betwe5 ! sacri/y & ! ro( ( ! *ur*1 & by :i* cele/ial voices 7 occasionally he>d by app>5tly devotees1 :o 7 paid = he>+ !m2 9 %ort1 ev]y?+ t 0 ev] inv5t$ by knav]y to impose ^u imbecility4 ,_m s5sible p]sons :o liv$ at ?is p]iod1 be+ p]fectly conv9c$ t ! monks1 & n ! devils1 _h employ$ all ^! pi\s /ratagems1 began to ent]ta9 ! idea t ! case _h be5 v simil> ) ! religions ( antiquity2 t all ! oracles & all ! miracles s highly vaunt$ by anci5t times _h be5 m]ely ! tricks ( *>latans2 t ! devil _h nev] _h any?+ to d ) su* matt]s2 & t ! simple fact 01 t ! ,greek1 ,roman1 ,syrian1 & ,egyptian prie/s _h be5 /ill m exp]t ?an our mod]n monks4 ,! devil1 !re=e1 ?us lo/ mu* ( 8 cr$it2 insomu* t at l5g? ! hone/ ,bekk]1 ^: article y may consult1 wrote 8 tiresome book aga9/ ! devil1 & prov$ by a hundr$ argum5ts t he _h no exi/5ce4 ,! devil himself made no answ] to him1 b ! m9i/]s ( ! holy gospel1 z y h already se51 did answ] him2 !y puni%$ ! hone/ au?or = hav+ divulg$ _! secret1 & took away 8 liv+2 s t ,bekk] fell a victim to ! nullity ( ,beelzebub4 ,x 0 ! lot ( ,holl& to produce ! mo/ =midable enemies ( ! devil4 ,! physician ,van ,dale--a humane philosoph]1 a man ( pr(\nd le>n+1 a mo/ *>itable citiz51 & "o ^: naturally bold m9d became proportionately bold]1 9 consequ5ce ( 8 intrepidity be+ f\nd$ on virtue--und]took at l5g? ! task ( enlight5+ mank9d1 always enslav$ by anci5t errors1 & always spread+ ! b&age t cov]s _! eyes1 until at la/ "s p[]ful fla% ( light discov]s to !m a corn] ( tru? ( :i* ! great] numb] are completely unwor?y4 ,he prov$1 9 a "w ab\nd+ 9 ! mo/ recondite le>n+1 t ! devils _h nev] deliv]$ a s+le oracle1 _h nev] p]=m$ a s+le prodigy1 & _h nev] m+l$ 9 human affairs at all2 & t !re nev] _h 9 reality be5 any demons b ^? impo/ors :o _h deceiv$ _! fell[ m54 ,! devil %\ld nev] ridicule or despise a s5sible physician4 ,^? :o "k some?+ ( nature are v =midable enemies to all juggl+ p]=m]s ( prodigies4 ,if ! devil w\ld be advis$ by me1 he w\ld always address himself to ! faculty ( !ology1 & nev] to ! faculty ( m$ic9e4 ,van ,dale prov$1 !n1 by numb]less au?orities1 n m]ely t ! ,pagan oracles 7 m]e tricks ( ! prie/s1 b t ^! knav]ies1 consecrat$ all ov] ! _w1 _h n ceas$ at ! "t ( ,john ! ,bapti/ & ,jesus ,*ri/1 z 0 pi\sly & g5]ally ?\ght to be ! case4 ,no?+ 0 m true1 m cle>1 m decid$ly demon/rat$1 ?an ?is doctr9e ann\nc$ by ! physician ,van ,dale2 & !re is no man ( education & respectability :o n[ calls x 9 "q4 ,! "w ( ,van ,dale is n1 p]haps1 v me?odical1 b x is "o ( ! mo/ curi\s works t ev] came f ! press4 ,=1 f ! gross =g]ies ( ! pret5d$ ,hi/ape & ! ,sibyls2 f ! apocryphal hi/ory ( ! voyage ( ,simon ,b>jonas to ,rome1 & ! complim5ts :i* ,simon ! magician s5t him ?r\gh ! m$ium ( 8 dog2 f ! miracles ( ,/4 ,gregory ,?aumaturgus1 & especially ! lett] :i* t sa9t wrote to ! devil1 & :i* 0 safely deliv]$ accord+ to its address1 d[n to ! miracles ( ! rev]5d fa!rs1 ! ,jesuits1 & ! rev]5d fa!rs1 ! ,capu*9s1 no?+ is =gott54 ,! empire ( impo/ure & /upidity is completely develop$ be=e ! eyes ( all :o c read2 b !y1 alas6 are only a small numb]4 ,f> inde$ 0 t empire1 at t p]iod1 f be+ de/roy$ 9 ,italy1 ,france1 ,spa91 ! /ates ( ,au/ria1 & m especially 9 ,pol&1 :]e ! ,jesuits !n bore absolute sway4 ,diabolical possessions & false miracles /ill inundat$ "o-half ( besott$ & b>b>iz$ ,europe4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt is giv5 by ,van ,dale ( a s+ul> oracle t 0 deliv]$ 9 8 "t at ,t]ni1 9 ! ,/ates ( ! ,pope1 ab\t ! ye> #afej2 & ! n>rative ( :i* 0 pr9t$ at ,v5ice by ord] ( ! gov]nm5t3 ,a h]mit ( ! "n ( ,pasquale1 hav+ he>d t ,jacovello1 a citiz5 ( ,t]ni1 0 v covet\s & ri*1 came to ,t]ni to (f] up 8 devotions 9 ! *ur* frequ5t$ by ! opul5t mis]1 soon =m$ an acqua9tance ) him1 flatt]$ him 9 8 rul+ passion1 & p]suad$ him t x 0 a s]vice highly acceptable to ,god to take z mu* c>e z possible ( money2 x 0 inde$ expressly enjo9$ 9 ! gospel1 z ! neglig5t s]vant :o _h n put out 8 "l's money to int]e/ at five hundr$ p] c5t 0 ?r[n into out] d>kness4 ,9 ! conv]sations :i* ! h]mit _h ) ,jacovello1 he frequ5tly ent]ta9$ him ) plausible disc\rses held by crucifixes & by a quantity ( ,italian ,virg9 ,m>ys4 ,jacovello agre$ t ! /atues ( sa9ts sometimes spoke to m51 & told him t he %\ld believe himself "o ( ! elect if ev] he c\ld h ! happ9ess to he> ! image ( a sa9t speak4 ,! fri5dly ,pasquale repli$ t he _h "s hope he might be able to give him t satisfaction 9 a v little "t2 t he expect$ e day f ,rome a dea?'s head1 :i* ! pope _h pres5t$ to "o ( 8 bro!r h]mits2 & t ?is head spoke q z di/9ctly & s5sibly z ! trees ( ,dodona1 or ev5 ! ass ( ,balaam4 ,he %[$ him ! id5tical head1 9 fact1 f\r days aft] ?is conv]sation4 ,he reque/$ ( ,jacovello ! key ( a small cave & an inn] *amb]1 t no p]son might possibly be a witness ( ! awful my/]y4 ,! h]mit1 hav+ introduc$ a tube f ?is cave into ! head1 & made e o!r suitable arrangem5t1 w5t to pray] ) 8 fri5d ,jacovello1 & ! head at t mom5t utt]$ ! foll[+ words3 ,jacovello1 ,i w recomp5se ?y zeal4 ,i ann\nce to !e a treasure ( a hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns "u a yew tree 9 ?y g>d54 ,b ?\ %alt die by a sudd5 dea? if ?\ make/ any attempt to obta9 ?is treasure until ?\ ha/ produc$ be=e me a pot conta9+ co9 am\nt+ to t5 gold m>ks4 ,jacovello ran spe$ily to 8 c(f]s & plac$ be=e ! oracle a pot conta9+ ! t5 m>ks4 ,! good h]mit _h _h ! precaution to procure a simil> vessel :i* he _h fill$ ) s&1 & he dext]\sly sub/itut$ t = ! pot ( ,jacovello1 on 8 turn+ 8 back1 & !n left ! pi\s mis] ) "o dea?'s head m1 & t5 gold m>ks less1 ?an he _h be=e4 ,ne>ly su* is ! way 9 :i* all oracles h be5 deliv]$1 beg9n+ ) ^? ( ,jupit] ,ammon1 & end+ ) t ( ,trophonius4 ,"o ( ! secrets ( ! prie/s ( antiquity1 z x is ( our own1 0 confession 9 ! my/]ies4 ,x 0 by ?is t !y ga9$ correct & p>ticul> in=mation ab\t ! affairs ( families1 & qualifi$ !mselves 9 a great measure to give p]t95t & suitable replies to ^? :o came to consult !m4 ,to ?is subject applies ! anecdote :i* ,plut>* has r5d]$ s celebrat$4 ,a prie/ once urg+ an initiat$ p]son to confession1 t p]son said3 ,to :om %\ld ,i confess8 ,to ,god1 repli$ ! prie/4 ,begone !n1 man1 said ! desir$ p5it5t2 begone1 & leave me alone ) ,god4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,initial ,bani%+ ( ! ,prie/4--,begone & leave me alone ) ,god4 ,x w\ld be almo/ endless to rec\nt all ! int]e/+ facts & n>ratives ) :i* ,van ,dale has enri*$ 8 book4 ,font5elle did n translate x4 ,b he extract$ f x :at he ?\ght w\ld be mo/ suitable to 8 c\ntrym51 :o love sprightly anecdote & obs]vation bett] ?an pr(\nd k4 ,he 0 eag]ly read by :at 9 ,france is call$ good company2 & ,van ,dale1 :o _h writt5 9 ,lat9 & ,greek1 _h be5 read only by ! le>n$4 ,! r\gh diamond ( ,van ,dale %one ) exquisite brilliancy aft] ! cutt+ & poli% ( ,font5elle3 ! success ( ! "w 0 su* t ! fanatics became al>m$4 ,not)/&+ all ,font5elle's endeavors to s(t5 d[n ! expressions ( ,van ,dale1 & 8 expla9+ himself sometimes ) ! lic5se ( a ,norman1 he 0 too well und]/ood by ! monks1 :o nev] l to be told t _! bre?r5 h be5 impo/ors4 ,a c]ta9 ,jesuit ( ! "n ( ,baltus1 born ne> ,mess9a1 "o ( t description ( le>n$ p]sons :o "k h[ to consult old books1 & to falsify & cite !m1 al?\gh aft] all no?+ to ! purpose1 took ! "p ( ! devil aga9/ ,van ,dale & ,font5elle4 ,! devil c\ld n h *os5 a m tiresome & wret*$ advocate2 8 "n is n[ kn[n solely f ! honor he _h ( writ+ aga9/ two celebrat$ m5 :o advocat$ a good cause4 ,baltus likewise1 9 8 capacity ( ,jesuit1 caball$ ) no little p]sev]ance & bitt]ness on ! occasion1 9 union ) 8 bre?r51 :o at t "t 7 z high 9 cr$it & influ5ce z !y h s9ce be5 plung$ deep 9 ignom9y4 ,! ,jans5i/s1 on _! "p1 m impassionate & exasp]at$ ?an ev5 ! ,jesuits1 clamor$ 9 a /ill l\d] tone ?an !y did4 ,9 %ort1 all ! fanatics 7 conv9c$ t x w\ld be all ov] ) ! ,*ri/ian religion1 if ! devil 7 n support$ 9 8 rights4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t ! books ( ,jans5i/s & ,jesuits h all sunk into oblivion4 ,t ( ,van ,dale /ill rema9s = m5 ( le>n+1 & t ( ,font5elle = m5 ( wit4 ,) respect to ! devil1 he resembles bo? ,jesuits & ,jans5i/s1 & is los+ cr$it f day to day4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,"s curi\s & surpris+ hi/ories ( oracles1 :i* x 0 ?\ght c\ld be ascrib$ only to ! p[] ( g5ii1 made ! ,*ri/ians ?9k !y 7 deliv]$ by demons1 & t !y _h ceas$ at ! com+ ( ,*ri/4 ,!y 7 ?us enabl$ to save ! "t & tr\ble t w\ld h be5 requir$ by an inve/igation ( ! facts2 & !y ?\ght to /r5g!n ! religion :i* in=m$ !m ( ! exi/5ce ( demons by ref]r+ to ^? be+s su* ev5ts4 ,! hi/ories h[ev] t 7 circulat$ on ! subject ( oracles are exce$+ly suspici\s4 ,t ( ,?amus1 to :i* ,eusebius gives cr$it1 & :i* ,plut>* alone relates1 is foll[$ 9 ! same hi/ory by ano!r /ory s ridicul\s1 t t w\ld be suffici5t to ?r[ discr$it ^u x2 b x is1 besides1 incapable ( any reasonable int]pretation4 ,if ?is great ,pan 7 a demon1 c we suppose ! demons incapable ( communicat+ ! ev5t ( 8 dea? to "o ano!r )\t employ+ ,?amus ab\t x8 ,if ! great ,pan 7 ,jesus ,*ri/1 h[ came x t n a s+le ,pagan 0 undeceiv$ ) respect to 8 religion1 & conv]t$ to ! belief t ?is same ,pan 0 9 fact ,jesus ,*ri/ :o di$ 9 ,juda1 if ,god ,himself compell$ ! demons to ann\nce ?is dea? to ! pagans8 ,! hi/ory ( ,?ulis1 ^: oracle is cle> & positive on ! subject ( ! ,tr9ity1 is relat$ only by ,suidas4 ,?is ,?ulis1 k+ ( ,egypt1 0 n c]ta9ly "o ( ! ,ptolemies4 ,:at becomes ( ! :ole oracle ( ,s]apis1 :5 x is asc]ta9$ t ,h]odotus does n speak ( t god1 :ile ,tacitus relates at l5g? h[ & :y "o ( ! ,ptolemies br\ght ! god ,s]apis f ,pontus1 :]e he _h only until !n be5 kn[n8 ,! oracle deliv]$ to ,augu/us ab\t ! ,hebrew infant :o %\ld be obey$ by all ! gods1 is absolutely inadmissible4 ,c$r5us quotes x f ,eusebius1 b x is n n[ to be f\nd 9 him4 ,x c]ta9ly is n impossible t ,c$r5us quotes x f ,eusebius1 b x is n n[ to be f\nd 9 him4 ,x c]ta9ly is n impossible t ,c$r5us may h made a false quotation1 or h quot$ a "w falsely ascrib$ to ,eusebius2 b h[ is x to be acc\nt$ =1 t all ! e>ly apologi/s = ,*ri/ianity %\ld h pres]v$ complete sil5ce ) respect to an oracle s favorable to _! religion8 ,! oracles :i* ,eusebius relates f ,porphyry1 :o 0 atta*$ to paganism1 are n ( a m emb>rass+ nature ?an ^? j notic$4 ,he gives !m to u /ripp$ ( all ! accompany+ circum/ances t att5d$ !m 9 ! writ+s ( ,porphyry4 ,h[ d we "k :e!r t pagan did n refute !m4 ,= ! int]e/ ( 8 cause x w\ld naturally h be5 an object = him to d s2 & if he did n d x1 mo/ assur$ly x 0 f "s conceal$ motive1 su*1 = in/ance1 z pres5t+ !m to ! ,*ri/ians only = an occasion to prove & d]ide _! cr$ulity1 if !y %\ld really receive !m z true & re/ _! religion on su* weak f\ndations4 ,besides1 "s ( ! anci5t ,*ri/ians reproa*$ ! pagans ) be+ ! dupes ( _! prie/s4 ,obs]ve h[ ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria speaks ( !m3 ,boa/ z long z y please ( y\r *ildi% & imp]t95t oracles1 :e!r ( ,cl>os or ! ,py?ian ,apollo1 ( ,d9dymus or ,amphilocus2 & add to ^! y\r augurs & int]pret]s ( dreams & prodigies4 ,br+ =w>d also ^? clev] g5try :o1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! mighty ,py?ian ,apollo1 effect _! div9ations ?r\gh ! m$ium ( meal or b>ley1 & ^? also :o1 by a c]ta9 tal5t ( v5triloquism1 h obta9$ su* high reputation4 ,let ! secrets ( ! ,egyptian temples1 & ! necromancy ( ! ,etruscans1 rema9 9 d>kness2 all ^! ?+s are mo/ c]ta9ly no?+ m ?an decid$ impo/ures1 z completely tricks z ^? ( a juggl] ) 8 cups & balls4 ,! goats c>efully tra9$ = ! div9ation1 ! rav5s elaborately in/ruct$ to deliv] ! oracles1 are--if we may use ! expression--m]ely accomplices ( ! *>latans by :om ! :ole _w has ?us be5 *eat$4 ,eusebius1 9 8 turn1 displays a numb] ( excell5t reasons to prove t oracles c\ld be no?+ b impo/ures2 & if he attributes !m to demons1 x is ! result ( deplorable prejudices or ( an affect$ respect = g5]al op9ion4 ,! pagans w\ld nev] admit t _! oracles 7 m]ely ! artifices ( _! prie/s2 x 0 imag9$ !re=e1 by r an awkw>d process ( reason+1 t a little 0 ga9$ 9 ! dispute by admitt+ ! possibility1 t !re might be some?+ sup]natural 9 _! oracles1 & insi/+ at ! same "t1 t if !re 71 x 0 ! op]ation1 n ( ! deity1 b ( demons4 ,x is no long] necess>y n[1 9 ord] to expose ! f9esse & /ratagems ( prie/s1 to resort to means :i* might !mselves appe> too /rongly m>k$ by ^? qualities4 ,a "t has already be5 :5 !y 7 completely exhibit$ to ! eyes ( ! :ole _w--! "t1 ,i mean :5 ! ,*ri/ian religion pr\dly triumph$ ov] paganism "u ,*ri/ian emp]ors4 ,!odoret says t ,!ophilus1 bi%op ( ,alex&ria1 exhibit$ to ! inhabitants ( t city ! holl[ /atues into :i* ! prie/s ent]$1 f secret passages1 to deliv] ! oracles4 ,:51 by ,con/ant9e's ord]1 ! temple ( sculapius at gea1 9 ,cilicia1 0 pull$ d[n1 !re 0 driv5 out ( x1 says ,eusebius 9 8 life ( t emp]or1 n a god1 nor a demon1 b ! human impo/or :o _h s long dup$ ! cr$ulity ( nations4 ,to ?is he adds ! g5]al obs]vation t1 9 ! /atues ( ! gods t 7 ?r[n d[n1 n ! slighte/ appe>ance 0 f\nd ( gods1 or demons1 or ev5 any wret*$ & gloomy spectres1 b only hay1 /raw1 or ! bones ( ! dead4 ,! greate/ difficulty respect+ oracles is surm\nt$1 :5 x is asc]ta9$ & admitt$1 t demons _h no conc]n ) !m4 ,!re is no long] any reason :y !y %\ld cease precisely at ! com+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,& moreov]1 !re are _m pro(s t oracles cont9u$ m ?an f\r hundr$ ye>s aft] ,jesus ,*ri/1 & t !y 7 n totally sil5c$ b by ! total de/ruction ( paganism4 ,suetonius1 9 ! life ( ,n]o1 says ! oracle ( ,delphi w>n$ t emp]or to be aw>e ( sev5ty-?ree ye>s1 & t ,n]o conclud$ he 0 to die at t age1 nev] ?9k+ ^u old ,galba1 :o1 at ! age ( sev5ty-?ree1 depriv$ him ( ! empire4 ,philo/ratus1 9 8 life ( ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 :o saw ,domitian1 in=ms u t ,apollonius visit$ all ! oracles ( ,greece1 & t ( ,dodona1 & t ( ,delphos2 & t ( ,amphi>aus4 ,plut>*1 :o liv$ "u ,trajan1 tells u t ! oracles ( ,delphos /ill subsi/$1 al?\gh !re 0 !n only "o prie/ess1 in/ead ( two or ?ree4 ,"u ,adrian1 ,dion ,*ryso/om relates t he consult$ ! oracle ( ,delphos2 he obta9$ f x an answ] :i* appe>$ to him n a little p]plex$1 & :i* 9 fact 0 s4 ,"u ! ,anton9es1 ,lucian ass]ts t a prie/ ( ,tyana w5t to inquire ( ! false prophet ,alex&]1 :e!r ! oracles :i* 7 !n deliv]$ at ,d9dymus1 ,cl>os1 & ,delphos1 7 really answ]s ( ,apollo1 or impo/ures8 ,alex&] _h "s fell[-feel+ = ^! oracles1 :i* 7 ( a simil> description to 8 own1 & repli$ to ! prie/1 t t 0 n p]mitt$ to be kn[n2 b :5 ! same wise inquir] ask$ :at he %\ld be aft] 8 dea?1 he 0 boldly answ]$1 ,y w be a camel1 !n a horse1 aft]w>ds a philosoph]1 & at l5g? a prophet z great z ,alex&]4 ,aft] ! ,anton9es1 ?ree emp]ors cont5d$ = ! empire4 ,! oracle ( ,delphos 0 consult$1 says ,sp>tian1 to asc]ta9 :i* ( ! ?ree ! republic might expect z its head4 ,! oracle answ]$ 9 a s+le v]se to ! foll[+ purport3 ,! black is bett]2 ! ,african is good2 ! :ite is ! wor/4 ,by ! black 0 und]/ood ,pesc5nius ,nig]2 by ! ,african1 ,sev]us ,septimus1 :o 0 f ,africa2 & by ! :ite1 ,claudius ,alb9us4 ,dion1 :o did n conclude 8 hi/ory be=e ! eigh? ye> ( ,alex&] ,sev]us1 t is1 ! ye> #bcj1 relates t 9 8 "t ,amphilocus /ill deliv]$ oracles 9 dreams4 ,he in=ms u also1 t !re 0 9 ! city ( ,apollonia an oracle :i* decl>$ future ev5ts by ! mann] 9 :i* ! fire caught & consum$ ! inc5se ?r[n ^u an alt>4 ,"u ,aurelian1 ab\t ! ye> #bgb1 ! p ( ,palmyra1 hav+ revolt$1 consult$ an oracle ( ,s>p$onian ,apollo 9 ,cilicia2 !y aga9 consult$ t ( ! ,aphacian ,v5us4 ,lic9us1 accord+ to ! acc\nt ( ,sozom51 design+ to r5ew ! w> aga9/ ,con/ant9e1 consult$ ! oracle ( ,apollo ( ,d9dymus1 & receiv$ f x 9 answ] two v]ses ( ,hom]1 ( :i* ! s5se is--,unhappy old man1 x becomes n y to combat ) ! "y6 y h no /r5g?1 & are s9k+ "u ! weight ( age4 ,a c]ta9 god1 sc>cely if at all kn[n1 ( ! "n ( ,besa1 if we may cr$it ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 /ill deliv]$ oracles on billets at ,abydos1 9 ! extremity ( ! ,!bais1 "u ! reign ( ,con/antius4 ,f9ally1 ,macrobius1 :o liv$ "u ,arcadius & ,honorius1 sons ( ,!odosius1 speaks ( ! god ( ,heliopolis ( ,syria & 8 oracle1 & ( ! =tunes ( ,antium1 9 t]ms :i* di/9ctly imply t !y all /ill subsi/$ 9 8 "t4 ,we may obs]ve t x is n ( ! slighte/ consequ5ce :e!r ^! hi/ories are true or :e!r ! oracles 9 fact deliv]$ ! answ]s attribut$ to !m2 x is completely suffici5t = ! purpose t false answ]s c\ld be attribut$ only to oracles :i* 7 9 fact kn[n /ill to subsi/2 & ! hi/ories :i* s _m au?ors h publi%$ cle>ly prove t !y did n cease b ) ! cessation ( paganism itself4 ,con/ant9e pull$ d[n b few temples1 nor inde$ c\ld he v5ture to pull !m d[n b on a pretext ( crimes committ$ 9 !m4 ,x 0 on ?is gr\nd t he ord]$ ! demolition ( ^? ( ! ,aphacian ,v5us1 & ( sculapius :i* 0 at gea 9 ,cilicia1 bo? ( !m temples 9 :i* oracles 7 deliv]$4 ,b he =bade sacrifices to ! gods1 & by t edict began to r5d] temples useless4 ,_m oracles /ill subsi/$ :5 ,julian assum$ ! re9s ( empire4 ,he re-e/abli%$ "s t 7 9 a /ate ( ru92 & he 0 ev5 desir\s ( be+ ! prophet ( t ( ,d9dymus4 ,jovian1 8 successor1 began 8 reign ) great zeal = ! de/ruction ( paganism2 b 9 ! %ort space ( sev5 mon?s1 :i* compris$ ! :ole "t he reign$1 he 0 unable to make any great progress4 ,!odosius1 9 ord] to atta9 ! same object1 ord]$ all ! temples ( ! pagans to be %ut up4 ,at la/1 ! ex]cise ( t religion 0 prohibit$ "u pa9 ( dea? by an edict ( ! emp]ors ,val5t9ian & ,m>cian1 9 ! ye> #dea ( ! vulg> era2 & ! de/ruction ( paganism necess>ily involv$ t ( oracles4 ,?is conclusion has no?+ 9 x surpris+ or extraord9>y3 x is ! natural consequ5ce ( ! e/abli%m5t ( a new wor%ip4 ,miracul\s facts1 or r :at x is desir$ %\ld be consid]$ z su*1 dim9i% 9 a false religion1 ei!r 9 proportion z x becomes firmly e/abli%$ & has no long] occasion = !m1 or 9 proportion z x gradually becomes weak] & weak]1 because !y no long] obta9 cr$it4 ,! ard5t b useless desire to pry into futurity gave bir? to oracles2 impo/ure enc\rag$ & sanction$ !m2 & fanaticism set ! seal2 = an infallible me?od ( mak+ fanatics is to p]suade be=e y in/ruct4 ,! pov]ty ( ! p1 :o _h no long] any?+ left !m to give2 ! impo/ure detect$ 9 _m oracles1 & !nce naturally conclud$ to exi/ 9 all2 & f9ally ! edicts ( ! ,*ri/ian emp]ors2 su* are ! real causes ( ! e/abli%m5t1 & ( ! cessation1 ( ?is species ( impo/ure4 ,! introduction ( an opposite /ate ( circum/ances into human affairs made x completely disappe>2 & oracles ?us became involv$ 9 ! vicissitudes accompany+ all human in/itutions4 ,"s limit !mselves to obs]v+ t ! bir? ( ,jesus ,*ri/ is ! fir/ epo* ( ! cessation ( oracles4 ,b :y1 on su* an occasion1 %\ld "s demons h fl$1 :ile o!rs rema9$8 ,besides1 anci5t hi/ory proves decid$ly t _m oracles _h be5 de/roy$ be=e ?is bir?4 ,all ! di/+ui%$ oracles ( ,greece no long] exi/$1 or sc>cely exi/$1 & ! oracle 0 occasionally int]rupt$ by ! sil5ce ( an hone/ prie/ :o w\ld n cons5t to deceive ! p4 ,! oracle ( ,delphi1 says ,lucian1 rema9s dumb s9ce pr9ces h become afraid ( futurity2 !y h prohibit$ ! gods f speak+1 & ! gods h obey$ !m4 ,,ordeal4 ,x might be imag9$ t all ! absurdities :i* degrade human nature 7 de/9$ to come to u f ,asia1 ! s\rce at ! same "t ( all ! sci5ces & arts6 ,x 0 9 ,asia & 9 ,egypt t mank9d fir/ d>$ to make ! life or dea? ( a p]son accus$1 dep5d5t on ! ?r[ ( a die1 or some?+ equally unconnect$ ) reason & decid$ by *ance--on cold wat] or hot wat]1 on r$ hot iron1 or a bit ( b>ley bread4 ,simil> sup]/ition1 we are assur$ by travell]s1 /ill exi/s 9 ! ,indies1 on ! coa/ ( ,malab>1 & 9 ,japan4 ,?is sup]/ition pass$ f ,egypt into ,greece4 ,!re 0 a v celebrat$ temple at ,trezne 9 :i* e man :o p]jur$ himself di$ in/antly ( apoplexy4 ,hippolytus1 9 ! trag$y ( ,phdra1 9 ! fir/ sc5e ( ! fif? act1 addresses ! foll[+ l9es to 8 mi/ress ,aricia3 ,aux portes de ,trezne1 et p>mi ces tombeaux1 ,des pr9ces de ma race antiques sepultures1 ,e/ un temple sacr =midable aux p>jures4 ,c'e/ l que les mortels n'os5t jur] en va92 ,le p]fide y reoit un *tim5t s\da92 ,et1 craignant d'y tr\v] la mort 9vitable1 ,le m5songe n'a po9t de frem plus r$\btable4 ,at ,trezne's gates1 amid/ ! anci5t tombs ,9 :i* repose ! pr9ces ( my race1 ,a sacr$ temple /&s1 ! p]jur]'s dread4 ,no d>+ mortal !re may falsely swe>1 ,= swift ! v5geance :i* pursues 8 crime1 ,inevitable dea? 8 in/ant lot2 ,n[h]e has falsehood a m awful curb4 ,! le>n$ comm5tator ( ! great ,rac9e makes ! foll[+ rem>k on ^! ,trez5ian pro(s or ordeals3 ,m4 de la ,motte has rem>k$ t ,hippolytus %\ld h propos$ to 8 fa!r to come & he> 8 ju/ification 9 ?is temple1 :]e no "o d>$ v5ture on swe>+ to a falsehood4 ,x is c]ta91 t 9 su* a case ,!seus c\ld n h d\bt$ ! innoc5ce ( t "y pr9ce2 b he _h receiv$ too conv9c+ evid5ce aga9/ ! virtue ( ,phdra1 & ,hippolytus 0 n incl9$ to make ! exp]im5t4 ,m4 de la ,motte w\ld h done well to h di/ru/$ 8 own good ta/e1 :5 he suspect$ t ( ,rac9e1 :o appe>s to h =ese5 ! objection "h made4 ,9 fact1 ,!seus is s prejudic$ aga9/ ,hippolytus t he w n ev5 p]mit him to ju/ify himself by an oa?4 ,i %\ld obs]ve t ! criticism ( ,la ,motte 0 orig9ally made by ! deceas$ m>quis de ,lassai4 ,he deliv]$ x at ,m4 de la ,faye's1 at a d9n] p>ty at :i* ,i 0 pres5t toge!r ) ! late ,m4 de la ,motte1 :o promis$ to make use ( x2 &1 9 fact1 9 8 ,disc\rses ^u ,trag$y1 he gives ! honor ( ! criticism to ! m>quis de ,lassai4 ,! rem>k appe>$ to me p>ticul>ly judici\s1 z well z to ,m4 de la ,faye & to all ! gue/s pres5t1 :o--( c\rse except+ myself--7 ! mo/ able critics 9 ,p>is4 ,b we all agre$ t ,aricia 0 ! p]son :o %\ld h call$ ^u ,!seus to try ! accus$ by ! ordeal ( ! ,trez5ian temple2 & s mu* ! m s1 z ,!seus imm$iately aft] talks = a long "t toge!r to t pr9cess1 :o =gets ! only ?+ t c\ld cle> up ! d\bts ( ! fa!r & v9dicate ! son4 ,! comm5tator 9 va9 objects t ,!seus has decl>$ to 8 son he w n believe 8 oa?s3 ,t\j\rs les sclrats ont rec\rs au p>jure4 --,ph$ra4 ,act iv41 sc5e #b4 ,! wick$ always h rec\rse to oa?s4 ,!re is a prodigi\s diff]5ce betwe5 an oa? tak5 9 a common ap>tm5t1 & an oa? tak5 9 a temple :]e ! p]jur$ are puni%$ by sudd5 dea?4 ,_h ,aricia said b a s+le ^w on ! subject1 ,!seus c\ld h _h no excuse = n conduct+ ,hippolytus to ?is temple2 b1 9 t case1 :at w\ld h become ( ! cata/rophe8 ,hippolytus1 !n1 %\ld n h m5tion$ at all ! appall+ p[] ( ! temple ( ,trezne to 8 belov$ ,aricia2 he _h no ne$ :atev] to take an oa? ( 8 love to h]1 = ( t %e 0 already mo/ fully p]suad$4 ,9 %ort1 8 do+ s is an inadv]t5ce1 a small fault1 :i* escap$ ! mo/ +5i\s1 elegant1 & impassion$ trag$ian t we ev] _h4 ,f ?is digression1 ,i return to ! b>b>\s madness ( ordeals4 ,!y 7 n admitt$ 9 ! ,roman republic4 ,we _c consid] z ( "o ( ^! ordeals1 ! usage by :i* ! mo/ important ent]prises 7 made to dep5d ^u ! mann] 9 :i* ! sacr$ pullets ate _! vet*es4 ,we are "h consid]+ only ordeals appli$ to asc]ta9 ! guilt or innoc5ce ( m54 ,x 0 nev] propos$ to ! ,manliuses1 ,camilluses1 or ,scipios1 to prove _! innoc5ce by plung+ _! h&s into boil+ wat] )\t its scald+ !m4 ,^! sugge/ions ( folly & b>b>ism 7 n admitt$ "u ! emp]ors4 ,b ! ,t>t>s :o came to de/roy ! empire--= ! great] "p ( ^! plund]]s issu$ orig9ally f ,t>t>y--fill$ our qu>t] ( ! _w ) _! ridicul\s & cruel jurisprud5ce1 :i* !y d]iv$ f ! ,p]sians4 ,x 0 n kn[n 9 ! ,ea/]n ,empire till ! "t ( ,ju/9ian1 not)/&+ ! dete/able sup]/ition :i* prevail$ 9 x4 ,b f t "t ! ordeals we are speak+ ( 7 receiv$4 ,?is mann] ( try+ m5 is s anci5t t we f9d x e/abli%$ among ! ,jews 9 all p]iods ( _! hi/ory4 ,korah1 ,da?an1 & ,abiram dispute ! pontificate ) ! high prie/ ,a>on 9 ! wild]ness2 ,moses comm&s !m to br+ him two hundr$ & fifty c5sors1 & says to !m3 ,let ,god *oose betwe5 _! c5sors & t ( ,a>on4 ,sc>cely _h ! revolt$ made _! appe>ance 9 ord] to submit to ?is ordeal1 be=e !y 7 swall[$ up by ! e>?1 & fire f heav5 /ruck two hundr$ & fifty ( _! pr9cipal adh]5ts2 aft] :i*1 ! ,"l de/roy$ f\rte5 ?\s& sev5 hundr$ m m5 ( t p>ty4 ,! qu>rel h[ev] = ! prie/hood /ill cont9u$ betwe5 ! *iefs ( ,israel & ,a>on4 ,! ordeal ( rods 0 !n employ$2 ea* man pres5t$ 8 rod1 & t ( ,a>on 0 ! only "o :i* budd$4 ,al?\gh ! p ( ,god _h levell$ ! walls ( ,j]i*o by ! s\nd ( trumpets1 !y 7 ov]come by ! inhabitants ( ,ai4 ,?is defeat did n appe> at all natural to ,jo%ua2 he consult$ ! ,"l1 :o answ]$ t ,israel _h s9n$2 t "s "o _h appropriat$ to 8 own use a "p ( ! plund] t _h be5 tak5 at ,j]i*o1 & !re devot$ z accurs$4 ,9 fact1 all ought to h be5 burn$1 toge!r ) ! m5 & wom51 *ildr5 & cattle1 & :oev] _h pres]v$ & c>ri$ (f any "p 0 to be ext]m9at$4 ,jo%ua1 9 ord] to discov] ! (f5d]1 subject$ all ! tribes to ! trial by lot4 ,! lot fir/ fell on ! tribe ( ,judah1 !n on ! family ( ,z>ah1 !n on ! h\se ( ,zabdi1 & f9ally on ! gr&son ( ,zabdi1 ^: "n 0 ,a*am4 ,scripture does n expla9 h[ x 0 t ^! w&]+ tribes came to h h\ses2 nei!r does x in=m u :at k9d ( lots 7 made use ( on ! occasion2 b x is cle> f ! text1 t ,a*am1 be+ convict$ ( /eal+ a small w$ge ( gold1 a sc>let mantle1 & two hundr$ %ekels ( silv]1 0 burn$ to dea? 9 ! valley ( ,a*or1 toge!r ) 8 sons1 8 %eep1 8 ox51 & 8 asses2 & ev5 8 v t5t 0 burn$ ) him4 ,! promis$ l& 0 divid$ by lot2 lots 7 drawn respect+ ! two goats ( expiation :i* %\ld be sacrific$ to ! ,"l1 & :i* %\ld g = a scapegoat into ! wild]ness4 ,:5 ,saul 0 to be *os5 k+1 lots 7 consult$1 & ! lot fell on ! tribe ( ,b5jam91 on ! family ( ,metri belong+ to t tribe1 & f9ally on ,saul1 ! son ( ,ki%1 9 ! family ( ,metri4 ,! lot fell on ,jona?an to be puni%$ = hav+ eat5 "s honey at ! end ( a rod4 ,! sailors ( ,joppa drew lots to le>n f ,god :at 0 ! cause ( ! tempe/4 ,! lot in=m$ !m t x 0 ,jonah2 & !y ?rew him into ! sea4 ,all ^! ordeals by lot1 :i* among o!r nations 7 m]ely pr(ane sup]/itions1 7 ! voice ( ,god ,himself :5 employ$ by ,8 *]i%$ & belov$ p2 & s completely & decid$ly ! voice ( ,god t ev5 ! apo/les fill$ ! place ( ! apo/le ,judas by lot4 ,! two c&idates = ! succession 7 ,mat?ias & ,b>nabas4 ,provid5ce decl>$ 9 favor ( ,/4 ,mat?ias4 ,pope ,honorius1 ! ?ird ( t "n1 =bade by a decretal f t "t =w>d ! me?od ( *oos+ bi%ops by lot4 ,decid+ by lots 0 a v common practice1 & 0 call$ by ! pagans1 sortilegium4 ,cato1 9 ! ,ph>salia1 says1 ,sortilegis egeant dubil4444 ,!re 7 o!r ordeals among ! ,jews 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l2 z1 = example1 ! wat]s ( jeal\sy4 ,a woman suspect$ ( adult]y 0 oblig$ to dr9k ( t wat] mix$ ) a%es1 & consecrat$ by ! high prie/4 ,if %e 0 guilty %e in/antly swell$ & di$4 ,x is ^u ! f\ndation ( ?is law t ! :ole ,*ri/ian _w 9 ! ,we/ e/abli%$ oracles = p]sons "u juridical accusation1 n consid]+ t :at 0 orda9$ ev5 by ,god ,himself 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t 0 no?+ m or less ?an an absurd sup]/ition 9 ! ,new4 ,duel by wag] ( battle 0 "o ( ^? ordeals1 & la/$ d[n to ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,he :o kill$ 8 adv]s>y 0 always 9 ! "r4 ,! mo/ dreadful ( all ^! curi\s & b>b>\s ordeals1 0 t ( a man's c>ry+ a b> ( r$-hot iron to ! di/ance ( n9e paces )\t burn+ himself4 ,accord+ly1 ! hi/ory ( ! middle ages1 fabul\s z x is1 does n record any in/ance ( ?is ordeal1 nor ( t :i* consi/$ 9 walk+ ov] n9e burn+ pl\gh%>es4 ,all ! o!rs might be d\bt$1 or ! deceptions & tricks employ$ 9 relation to !m to deceive ! judges might be easily expla9$4 ,x 0 v easy1 = example1 to appe> to pass ?r\gh ! trial ( boil+ wat] )\t injury2 a vessel might be produc$ half full ( cold wat]1 into :i* ! judicial boil+ wat] might be put2 & ! accus$ might safely plunge 8 arm up to ! elb[ 9 ! lukew>m mixture1 & take up f ! bottom ! sacr$ bless$ r+ t _h be5 ?r[n into x = t purpose4 ,oil might be made to boil ) wat]2 ! oil beg9s to rise & appe>s to boil :5 ! wat] beg9s to simm]1 & ! oil at t "t has acquir$ b a small degree ( heat4 ,9 su* circum/ances1 a man seems to plunge 8 h& into boil+ wat]2 b1 9 fact1 moi/5s x ) ! h>mless oil1 :i* pres]ves x f contact ) & injury by ! wat]4 ,a *ampion may easily1 by degrees1 h>d5 & habituate himself to hold+1 = a few seconds1 a r+ t has be5 ?r[n into ! fire1 )\t any v /rik+ or pa9ful m>ks ( burn+4 ,to pass betwe5 two fires )\t be+ scor*$ is no v extraord9>y pro( ( skill or address1 :5 ! movem5t is made ) great rapidity & ! face & h&s are well rubb$ ) o9tm5t4 ,x is ?us t ! =midable ,pet] ,aldobr&9i1 or ,! ,fi]y ,pet]1 z he 0 call$1 us$ to manage--if !re is any tru? 9 8 hi/ory--:5 he pass$ betwe5 two blaz+ fires at ,flor5ce1 9 ord] to demon/rate1 ) ,god's help1 t 8 ar*bi%op 0 a knave & debau*ee4 ,o1 *>latans6 *>latans6 h5ce=? disappe> =ev] f ! pages ( hi/ory6 ,!re exi/$ a r ludicr\s ordeal1 :i* consi/$ 9 mak+ an accus$ p]son try to swall[ a piece ( b>ley bread1 :i* x 0 believ$ w\ld c]ta9ly *oke him if he 7 guilty4 ,i am n1 h[ev]1 s mu* div]t$ ) ?is case z ) ! conduct ( ,h>lequ91 :5 ! judge int]rogat$ him conc]n+ a robb]y ( :i* ,dr4 ,bal\>d accus$ him4 ,! judge 0 sitt+ at table1 & dr9k+ "s excell5t w9e at ! "t1 :5 ,h>lequ9 0 br\ght 92 p]ceiv+ :i*1 ! latt] takes up ! bottle1 &1 p\r+ ! :ole ( its cont5ts into a glass1 swall[s x at a draught1 say+ to ! doctor3 ,if ,i am guilty ( :at y accuse me1 sir1 ,i hope ?is w9e w prove poison to me4 ,,ord9ation4 ,if a soldi]1 *>g$ by ! k+ ( ,france ) ! honor ( conf]r+ ! ord] ( ,/4 ,l\is ^u ano!r soldi]1 _h n1 :5 pres5t+ ! latt] ) ! cross1 ! int5tion ( mak+ him a knight ( t ord]1 w\ld ! receiv] ( ! badge be on t acc\nt ! less a memb] ( ! ord] ?an if su* int5tion _h exi/$8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,h[ 0 x1 !n1 t _m prie/s ?\ght x necess>y to be re-orda9$ aft] ! dea? ( ! celebrat$ ,lav>d91 bi%op ( ,mans8 ,t s+ul> prelate1 :o _h in/itut$ ! ord] ( ,good ,fell[s--,des ,coteaux--be?\ght himself on 8 dea?b$ ( a s+ul> trick1 9 ! way ( rev5ge1 on a class ( p]sons :o _h mu* annoy$ him4 ,he 0 well kn[n z "o ( ! mo/ d>+ free?9k]s ( ! age ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 & _h be5 publicly upbraid$ ) 8 infidel s5tim5ts1 by _m ( ^? on :om he _h conf]r$ ord]s ( prie/hood4 ,x is natural at ! approa* ( dea?1 = a s5sitive & appreh5sive s\l to rev]t to ! religion ( its e>ly ye>s4 ,dec5cy alone w\ld h requir$ ( ! bi%op1 t at lea/ at 8 dea? he %\ld give an example ( edification to ! flock to :i* he _h giv5 s mu* sc&al by 8 life4 ,b he 0 s deeply exasp]at$ aga9/ 8 cl]gy1 z to decl>e1 t n a s+le individual ( ^? :om he _h himself orda9$ 0 really & truly a prie/2 t all _! acts 9 ! capacity ( prie/s 7 null & void2 & t he nev] ent]ta9$ ! int5tion ( conf]r+ any sacram5t4 ,su* reason+ seems c]ta9ly *>act]i/ic1 & j su* z might be expect$ f a drunk5 man2 ! prie/s ( ,mans might h repli$ to him1 ,x is n y\r int5tion t is ( any consequ5ce1 b ours4 ,we _h an ard5t & det]m9$ desire to be prie/s2 we did all 9 our p[] to become su*4 ,we are p]fectly +5u\s & s9c]e2 if y are n s1 t is no?+ at all to u4 ,! maxim applicable to ! occasion is1 quic quid accipitur ad modum recipi5tis accipitur1 & n ad modum dantis4 ,:5 our w9e m]*ant has sold u a half a hog%ead ( w9e1 we dr9k x1 al?\gh he might h a secret int5tion to h9d] u f dr9k+ x2 we %all /ill be prie/s 9 spite ( y\r te/am5t4 ,^? reasons 7 s\nd & satisfactory4 ,h[ev]1 ! great] numb] ( ^? :o _h be5 orda9$ by t bi%op did n consid] !mselves z real & au?oriz$ prie/s1 & subject$ !mselves to ord9ation a second "t4 ,masc>on1 a man ( mod]ate tal5ts1 b ( great celebrity z a prea*]1 p]suad$ !m1 bo? by 8 disc\rses & example1 to h ! c]emony repeat$4 ,! affair occasion$ great sc&al at ,mans1 & ,p>is1 & ,v]sailles2 b l ev]y?+ else 0 soon =gott54 ,,orig9al ,,s94 ,,section ,i4 ,?is is a subject on :i* ! ,soc9ians or ,unit>ians take occasion to exult & triumph4 ,!y d5om9ate ?is f\ndation ( ,*ri/ianity its orig9al s94 ,x is an insult to ,god1 !y say2 x is accus+ ,him ( ! mo/ absurd b>b>ity to h ! h>dihood to ass]t1 t ,he =m$ all ! successive g5]ations ( mank9d to deliv] !m ov] to et]nal tortures1 "u ! pretext ( _! orig9al ance/or hav+ eat5 ( a p>ticul> fruit 9 a g>d54 ,?is sacrilegi\s imputation is s mu* ! m inexcusable among ,*ri/ians1 z !re is n a s+le ^w respect+ ?is same inv5tion ( orig9al s91 ei!r 9 ! ,p5tateu*1 or 9 ! prophets1 or ! gospels1 :e!r apocryphal or canonical1 or 9 any ( ! writ]s :o are call$ ! fir/ fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x is n ev5 relat$ 9 ! ,book ( ,g5esis t ,god condemn$ ,adam to dea? = eat+ an apple4 ,god says to him1 inde$1 9 ! day t ?\ eate/ !re( ?\ %alt surely die4 ,b ! v same ,book ( ,g5esis makes ,adam live n9e hundr$ & ?irty ye>s aft] indulg+ 9 ?is crim9al repa/4 ,! animals1 ! plants1 :i* _h n p>tak5 ( ?is fruit1 di$ at ! respective p]iods prescrib$ = !m by nature4 ,man is evid5tly born to die1 l all ! re/4 ,moreov]1 ! puni%m5t ( ,adam 0 nev]1 9 any way1 introduc$ into ! ,jewi% law4 ,adam 0 no m a ,jew ?an he 0 a ,p]sian or ,*aldan4 ,! fir/ *apt]s ( ,g5esis--at :atev] p]iod !y 7 compos$--7 reg>d$ by all ! le>n$ ,jews z an allegory1 & ev5 z a fable n a little dang]\s1 s9ce t book 0 =bidd5 to be read by any be=e !y _h atta9$ ! age ( tw5ty-"o4 ,9 a ^w1 ! ,jews knew no m ab\t orig9al s9 ?an !y did ab\t ! ,*9ese c]emonies2 &1 al?\gh div9es g5]ally discov] 9 ! ,scripture ev]y?+ !y wi% to f9d !re1 ei!r totidem v]bis1 or totidem lit]is1 we may safely ass]t t no reasonable div9e w ev] discov] 9 x ?is surpris+ & ov]:elm+ my/]y4 ,we admit t ,/4 ,augu/9e 0 ! fir/ :o br\ght ?is /range notion into cr$it2 a notion wor?y ( ! w>m & romantic bra9 ( an ,african debau*ee & p5it5t1 ,mani*an & ,*ri/ian1 tol]ant & p]secut+--:o pass$ 8 life 9 p]petual self-contradiction4 ,:at an abom9ation1 exclaim ! /rict ,unit>ians1 s atroci\sly to calumniate ! ,au?or ( ,nature z ev5 to impute to ,him p]petual miracles1 9 ord] t ,he may damn to all et]nity ! unhappy race ( mank9d1 :om he introduces into ! pres5t life only = s %ort a span6 ,ei!r ,he creat$ s\ls f all et]nity1 ^u :i* sy/em1 z !y mu/ be inf9itely m anci5t ?an ! s9 ( ,adam1 !y c h no possible connection ) x2 or ^! s\ls are =m$ :5ev] man & woman sexually associate2 9 :i* case ! ,supreme ,be+ mu/ be suppos$ cont9ually wat*+ = all ! v>i\s associations ( ?is nature t take place1 to create spirits t ,he w r5d] et]nally mis]able2 or1 f9ally1 ,god is ,himself ! s\l ( all mank9d1 & ^u ?is sy/em damns ,himself4 ,:i* ( ^! ?ree suppositions is ! mo/ absurd & abom9able8 ,!re is no f\r?4 ,= ! op9ion t ,god waits six weeks be=e ,he creates a damn$ s\l 9 a ftus is1 9 fact1 no o!r ?an t :i* creates x at ! mom5t ( sexual connection3 ! diff]5ce ( six weeks _c be ( ! slighte/ consequ5ce 9 ! argum5t4 ,i h m]ely relat$ ! op9ion ( ! ,unit>ians2 b m5 h n[ atta9$ su* a degree ( sup]/ition t ,i c sc>cely relate x )\t trembl+4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t we are n acqua9t$ ) any fa!r ( ! ,*ur* be=e ,/4 ,augu/9e & ,/4 ,j]ome1 :o taught ! doctr9e ( orig9al s94 ,/4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 not)/&+ 8 pr(\nd k ( antiquity1 f> f speak+ 9 any "o passage ( 8 works ( t corruption :i* has infect$ ! :ole human race1 & r5d]$ x guilty f its bir?1 says 9 express words1 ,:at evil c a new-born infant commit8 ,h[ c\ld x possibly prev>icate8 ,h[ c\ld su* a be+1 :i* has1 9 fact1 z yet done no "o ?+1 fall "u ! curse ( ,adam8 ,& x is wor? obs]v+ t he does n employ ?is language 9 ord] to combat ! rigid op9ion ( orig9al s91 :i* 0 n at t "t develop$1 b m]ely to %[ t ! passions1 :i* are capable ( corrupt+ all mank9d1 h1 z yet1 tak5 no hold ( ?is innoc5t infant4 ,he does n say3 ,?is creature ( a day w\ld n be damn$ if x %\ld n[ die1 = no "o _h yet conjectur$ t x w\ld be damn$4 ,/4 ,clem5t c\ld n combat a sy/em absolutely unkn[n4 ,! great ,orig5 is /ill m decisive ?an ,/4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria4 ,he admits1 inde$1 9 8 exposition ( ! ,epi/le ( ,paul to ! ,romans1 t s9 ent]$ into ! _w by ,adam1 b he ma9ta9s t x is ! incl9ation to s9 t ?us ent]$2 t x is v easy to commit evil1 b t x is n on t acc\nt said1 man w always commit evil1 & is guilty ev5 z soon z he is born4 ,9 %ort1 orig9al s91 9 ! "t ( ,orig51 consi/$ only 9 ! mis=tune ( resembl+ ! fir/ man by be+ liable to s9 l him4 ,baptism 0 a necess>y ord9ance2 x 0 ! seal ( ,*ri/ianity2 x wa%$ away all s9s2 b no man _h yet said1 t x wa%$ away ^? :i* ! subject ( x _h n committ$4 ,no "o yet ass]t$ t an infant w\ld be damn$1 & burn$ 9 ev]la/+ flames1 9 consequ5ce ( its dy+ )9 two m9utes ( its bir?4 ,& an unansw]able pro( on ?is po9t is1 t a long p]iod pass$ away be=e ! practice ( baptiz+ infants became preval5t4 ,t]tullian 0 av]se to _! be+ baptiz$2 b1 on ! p]suasion t orig9al s9--( :i* ^! poor innoc5ts c\ld n possibly be guilty--w\ld affect _! reprobation1 & expose !m to suff] b\ndless & endless torture1 = a de$ ( :i* x 0 impossible = !m to h ! slighte/ k3 to refuse !m ! consecrat$ ba? ( baptism1 w\ld be wilfully consign+ !m to et]nal damnation4 ,! s\ls ( all ! execution]s 9 ! _w1 cond5s$ into ! v ess5ce ( +5i\s cruelty1 c\ld n h sugge/$ a m execrable abom9ation4 ,9 a ^w1 x is an inconte/able fact t ,*ri/ians did n = a c]ta9 p]iod baptize _! infants1 & x is !re=e equally inconte/able t !y 7 v f> f damn+ !m4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n all2 ,jesus ,*ri/ nev] said3 ,! infant t is n baptiz$ w be damn$4 ,he came on ! contr>y to expiate all s9s1 to r$eem mank9d by ,8 blood2 !re=e1 infants c\ld n be damn$4 ,infants w\ld1 ( c\rse1 a =tiori1 &1 pref]ably1 enjoy ?is privilege4 ,our div9e ,savi\r nev] baptiz$ any p]son4 ,paul circumcis$ 8 disciple ,timo?y1 b is n[h]e said to h baptiz$ him4 ,9 a ^w1 dur+ ! two fir/ c5turies1 ! baptism ( infants 0 n cu/om>y2 x 0 n believ$1 !re=e1 t infants w\ld become victims ( ! fault ( ,adam4 ,at ! end ( f\r hundr$ ye>s _! salvation 0 consid]$ 9 dang]1 & great unc]ta9ty & appreh5sion exi/$ on ! subject4 ,9 ! fif? c5tury appe>s ,pelagius4 ,he treat$ ! op9ion ( orig9al s9 z mon/r\s4 ,accord+ to him1 ?is dogma1 l all o!rs1 0 f\nd$ ^u a m]e ambiguity4 ,god _h said to ,adam 9 ! g>d53 ,9 ! day 9 :i* ?\ %alt eat ( ! tree ( k1 ?\ %alt die4 ,b1 he did n die2 & ,god p>don$ him4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld ,he n sp>e ,8 race to ! ?\s&? g5]ation8 ,:y %\ld ,he consign to inf9ite & et]nal torm5ts ! innoc5t infants ^: fa!r ,he receiv$ back into =giv5ess & favor8 ,pelagius consid]$ ,god1 n m]ely z an absolute ma/]1 b z a p>5t1 :o left ,8 *ildr5 at p]fect lib]ty1 & rew>d$ !m beyond _! m]its1 & puni%$ !m less ?an _! faults des]v$4 ,! language us$ by him & 8 disciples 03 ,if all m5 are born objects ( ! et]nal wra? ( t ,be+ :o conf]s on !m life2 if !y c possibly be guilty be=e !y c ev5 ?9k1 x is !n a fe>ful & execrable (f5ce to give !m be+1 & m>riage is ! mo/ atroci\s ( crimes4 ,m>riage1 on ?is sy/em1 is no?+ m or less ?an an emanation f ! ,mani*an pr9ciple ( evil2 & ^? :o engage 9 x1 in/ead ( ador+ ,god1 adore ! devil4 ,pelagius & 8 p>tisans propagat$ ?is doctr9e 9 ,africa1 :]e ! reputation & influ5ce ( ,/4 ,augu/9e 7 unb\nd$4 ,he _h be5 a ,mani*an1 & seem$ to ?9k himself call$ ^u to ent] ! li/s aga9/ ,pelagius4 ,! latt] 0 ill able to resi/ ei!r ,augu/9e or ,j]ome2 v>i\s po9ts1 h[ev]1 7 conte/$1 & ! dispute proce$$ s f> t ,augu/9e pron\nc$ 8 s5t5ce ( damnation ^u all *ildr5 born1 or to be born1 ?r\gh\t ! _w1 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 ,! ,ca?olic fai? tea*es t all m5 are born s guilty t ev5 infants are c]ta9ly damn$ :5 !y die )\t hav+ be5 reg5]at$ 9 ,jesus4 ,x w\ld be b a wret*$ complim5t ( condol5ce to (f] to a que5 ( ,*9a1 or ,japan1 or ,india1 ,scy?ia1 or ,go?ia1 :o _h j lo/ h] infant son to say3 ,be com=t$1 madam2 8 highness ! pr9ce royal is n[ 9 ! clut*es ( five hundr$ devils1 :o turn him r\nd & r\nd 9 a great furnace to all et]nity1 :ile 8 body re/s embalm$ & 9 peace )9 ! prec9cts ( y\r palace4 ,! a/oni%$ & t]rifi$ que5 inquires :y ^! devils %\ld et]nally roa/ h] de> son1 ! pr9ce royal4 ,%e is answ]$ t ! reason ( x is t 8 great-gr&fa!r =m]ly ate ( ! fruit ( k1 9 a g>d54 ,=m an idea1 if possible1 ( ! looks & ?\ghts ( ! k+1 ! que51 ! :ole c\ncil1 & all ! beautiful ladies ( ! c\rt6 ,! s5t5ce ( ! ,african bi%op appe>$ to "s div9es--= !re are "s good s\ls to be f\nd 9 e place & class--r sev]e1 & 0 !re=e mitigat$ by "o ,pet] ,*rysologus1 or ,pet] ,gold5-tongue1 :o inv5t$ a suburb to hell1 call$ limbo1 :]e all ! little boys & girls t di$ be=e baptism might be dispos$ (4 ,x is a place 9 :i* ^! innoc5ts vegetate )\t s5sation2 ! abode ( apa?y2 ! place t has be5 call$ ,! p>adise ( fools4 ,we f9d ?is v expression 9 ,milton4 ,he places ?is p>adise some:]e ne> ! moon6 ,explication ,( ,orig9al ,s94 ,! difficulty is ! same ) respect to ?is sub/itut$ limbo z ) respect to hell4 ,:y %\ld ^! poor little wret*es be plac$ 9 ?is limbo8 :at _h !y done8 h[ c\ld _! s\ls1 :i* !y _h n 9 _! possession a s+le day1 be guilty ( a gorm&iz+ t m]it$ a puni%m5t ( six ?\s& ye>s8 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 :o damns !m1 assigns z a reason1 t ! s\ls ( all m5 be+ compris$ 9 t ( ,adam1 x is probable t !y 7 all accomplices4 ,b1 z ! ,*ur* subsequ5tly decid$ t s\ls are n made be=e ! bodies :i* !y are to inhabit are orig9at$1 t sy/em falls to ! gr\nd1 not)/&+ ! celebrity ( its au?or4 ,o!rs said t orig9al s9 0 transmitt$ f s\l to s\l1 9 ! way ( emanation1 & t "o s\l1 d]iv$ f ano!r1 came into ! _w ) all ! corruption ( ! "m-s\l4 ,?is op9ion 0 condemn$4 ,aft] ! div9es _h done ) ! "q1 ! philosoph]s tri$ at x4 ,leibnitz1 :ile sport+ ) 8 monads1 amus$ himself ) collect+ toge!r 9 ,adam all ! human monads ) _! little bodies ( monads4 ,?is 0 go+ fur!r ?an ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,b ?is idea1 :i* 0 wor?y ( ,cyrano de ,b]g]ac1 met ) v few to adopt & def5d x4 ,malebran*e expla9s ! matt] by ! influ5ce ( ! imag9ation on mo!rs4 ,eve's bra9 0 s /rongly inflam$ ) ! desire ( eat+ ! fruit t h] *ildr5 _h ! same desire2 j l ! irresi/ibly au!nticat$ case ( ! woman :o1 aft] hav+ se5 a man rack$1 0 br\ght to b$ ( a dislocat$ infant4 ,nicole r$uc$ ! affair to a c]ta9 incl9ation1 a c]ta9 t5d5cy to concupisc5ce1 :i* we h d]iv$ f our mo!rs4 ,?is incl9ation is n an act2 b x w "o day become su*4 ,well said1 ,nicole2 bravo6 ,b1 9 ! meantime1 :y am ,i to be damn$8 ,nicole does n ev5 t\* ! difficulty1 :i* consi/s 9 asc]ta9+ h[ our own s\ls1 :i* h b rec5tly be5 =m$1 c be fairly made responsible = ! fault ( ano!r s\l t liv$ "s ?\s&s ( ye>s ago4 ,:at1 my good fri5ds1 ought to be said ^u ! subject8 ,no?+4 ,accord+ly1 ,i d n give my explication ( ! difficulty3 ,i say n a s+le ^w4 ,,ovid4 ,s*ol>s h n fail$ to write volumes to in=m u exactly to :at corn] ( ! e>? ,ovidius ,naso 0 bani%$ by ,octavius ,cepias1 surnam$ ,augu/us4 ,all t we "k ( x is1 t1 born at ,sulmo & br\ght up at ,rome1 he pass$ t5 ye>s on ! "r %ore ( ! ,danube1 9 ! neighborhood ( ! ,black ,sea4 ,?\gh he calls ?is l& b>b>\s1 we mu/ n fancy t x 0 a l& ( savages4 ,!re 7 v]ses made !re2 ,cotis1 ! petty k+ ( a "p ( ,?race1 made ,getic v]ses = ,ovid4 ,! ,lat9 poet le>n$ ,getic1 & also compos$ l9es 9 ?is language4 ,x seems z if ,greek poetry %\ld h be5 und]/ood 9 ! anci5t c\ntry ( ,orpheus1 b ?is c\ntry 0 !n peopl$ by nations f ! ,nor?1 :o probably spoke a ,t>t> dialect1 a language approa*+ to ! anci5t ,slavonian4 ,ovid seem$ n de/9$ to make ,t>t> v]ses4 ,! c\ntry ( ! ,tomites1 to :i* he 0 bani%$1 0 a "p ( ,mysia1 a ,roman prov9ce1 betwe5 ,m\nt ,hemus & ! ,danube4 ,x is situat$ 9 =ty-f\r & a half degrees nor? latitude1 l "o ( ! f9e/ climates ( ,france2 b ! m\nta9s :i* are at ! s\?1 & ! w9ds ( ! nor? & ea/1 :i* bl[ f ! ,eux9e1 ! cold & dampness ( ! =e/s1 & ( ! ,danube1 r5d]$ ?is c\ntry insupportable to a man born 9 ,italy4 ,?us ,ovid did n live long1 b di$ !re at ! age ( sixty4 ,he compla9s 9 8 ,elegies ( ! climate1 & n ( ! inhabitants4 ,quos ego1 cum loca sim ve/ra p]osus1 amo4 ,^! p cr[n$ him ) laurel1 & gave him privileges1 :i* prev5t$ him n f regrett+ ,rome4 ,x 0 a great in/ance ( ! slav]y ( ! ,romans & ( ! ext9ction ( all laws1 :5 a man born ( an eque/rian family1 l ,octavius1 exil$ a man ( ano!r eque/rian family1 & :5 "o citiz5 ( ,rome ) "o ^w s5t ano!r among ! ,scy?ians4 ,be=e ?is "t1 x requir$ a plebiscitum1 a law ( ! nation1 to deprive a ,roman ( 8 c\ntry4 ,cic]o1 al?\gh bani%$ by a cabal1 _h at lea/ be5 exil$ ) ! =ms ( law4 ,! crime ( ,ovid 0 inconte/ably t ( hav+ se5 some?+ %ameful 9 ! family ( ,octavius3 ,cur aliquid vidi1 cur noxia lum9a feci8 ,:y saw ,i aught1 or :y discov] crime8 ,! le>n$ h n decid$ :e!r he _h se5 ,augu/us ) a pretti] boy ?an ,mannius1 :om he said he w\ld n h because he 0 too ugly2 :e!r he saw "s page 9 ! arms ( ! empress ,livia1 :om ?is ,augu/us _h esp\s$1 :ile pregnant by ano!r2 :e!r he _h se5 ! said ,augu/us occupi$ ) 8 daught] or gr&daught]2 or1 f9ally1 :e!r he saw him do+ some?+ /ill worse1 torva tu entibus hircis8 ,x is mo/ probable t ,ovid detect$ an ince/u\s correspond5ce1 z an au?or1 almo/ contempor>y1 nam$ ,m9utionus ,apuleius1 says3 ,pulsum quoque 9 exilium quod ,augu/i ince/um vidisset4 ,octavius made a pretext ( ! innoc5t book ( ! ,art ( ,love1 a book v dec5tly writt51 & 9 :i* !re is n an obsc5e ^w1 to s5d a ,roman knight to ! ,black ,sea4 ,! pret5ce 0 ridicul\s4 ,h[ c\ld ,augu/us1 ( :om we h /ill v]ses fill$ ) obsc5ities1 bani% ,ovid = hav+ sev]al ye>s be=e giv5 to 8 fri5ds "s copies ( ! ,art ( ,love8 ,h[ c\ld he impud5tly reproa* ,ovid = a "w writt5 ) decorum1 :ile he approv$ ( ,horace1 :o lavi%es allusions & phrases on ! mo/ infam\s pro/itution1 & :o propos$ girls & boys1 maid s]vants & valets indiscrim9ately8 ,x is no?+ less ?an impud5ce to blame ,ovid & tol]ate ,horace4 ,x is cle> t ,octavius alleg$ a v insuffici5t reason1 because he d>$ n allude to ! real "o4 ,"o pro( t x relat$ to "s secret adv5ture ( ! sacr$ imp]ial family is t ! goat ( ,caprea--,tib]ius1 immortaliz$ by m$als = 8 debau*]ies2 ,tib]ius1 t mon/] ( lu/ & dissimulation--did n recall ,ovid1 :o1 r ?an dem& ! favor f ! au?or ( ! proscriptions & ! poison] ( ,g]manicus1 rema9$ on ! %ores ( ! ,danube4 ,if a ,dut*1 ,poli%1 ,sw$i%1 ,engli%1 or ,v5etian g5tleman _h by *ance se5 a /ad?old]1 or a k+ ( ,great ,brita91 ,sw$51 or ,pol&1 or a doge ( ,v5ice1 commit "s great s91 ev5 if x 0 n by *ance t he saw x2 if he _h ev5 s\ght ! occasion1 & 0 s indiscreet z to speak ( x1 ?is /ad?old]1 k+1 or doge c\ld n legally bani% him4 ,we c reproa* ,ovid almo/ z mu* z ,augu/us & ,tib]ius = hav+ prais$ !m4 ,! eulogiums :i* he lavi%es on !m are s extravagant t at pres5t !y w\ld excite indignation if he _h ev5 giv5 !m to legitimate pr9ces1 8 b5efactors1 in/ead ( to tyrants1 & to 8 tyrants 9 p>ticul>4 ,y may be p>don$ = prais+ a little too mu* a pr9ce :o c>esses y2 b n = treat+ z a god "o :o p]secutes y4 ,x w\ld h be5 a hundr$ times bett] = him to h emb>k$ on ! ,black ,sea & retir$ into ,p]sia by ! ,palus ,motis1 ?an to h writt5 8 ,tri/ia4 ,he w\ld h le>n$ ,p]sian z easily z ,getic1 & might h =gott5 ! ma/] ( ,rome ne> ! ma/] ( ,ecbatana4 ,"s /rong m9ds w say t !re 0 /ill ano!r "p to take1 :i* 0 to g secretly to ,rome1 address himself to "s relations ( ,brutus & ,cassius1 & get up a twelf? conspiracy aga9/ ,octavius2 b t 0 n 9 elegiac ta/e4 ,poetical panegyrics are /range ?+s6 ,x is v cle> t ,ovid wi%$ ) all 8 he>t1 t "s ,brutus w\ld deliv] ,rome f t ,augu/us1 to :om 9 8 v]ses he wi%$ immortality4 ,i reproa* ,ovid ) 8 ,tri/ia alone4 ,bayle =ms 8 sy/em on ! philosophy ( *aos s ably exhibit$ 9 ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,metamorphoses3 ,ante m>e et t]ras1 et quod tegit omnia clum1 ,unus erat toto natur vultus 9 orbe4 ,bayle ?us translates ^! fir/ l9es3 ,be=e !re 0 a heav51 an e>?1 & a sea1 nature 0 all homog5e\s4 ,9 ,ovid x is1 ,! face ( nature 0 ! same ?r\gh\t ! univ]se1 :i* means n t all 0 homog5e\s1 b het]og5e\s--?is assemblage ( diff]5t ?+s appe>$ ! same2 unus vultus4 ,bayle criticises *aos ?r\gh\t4 ,ovid1 :o 9 8 v]ses is only ! poet ( ! anci5t philosophy1 says t ?+s h>d & s(t1 light & heavy1 7 mix$ toge!r3 ,mollia cum duris1 s9e pond]e hab5tia pondus4 --,,ovid',s ,met41 b4 i41 l4 #bj4 ,& ?is is ! mann] 9 :i* ,bayle reasons aga9/ him3 ,!re is no?+ m absurd ?an to suppose a *aos :i* _h be5 homog5e\s f all et]nity1 ?\gh x _h ! elem5t>y qualities1 at lea/ ^? :i* we call alt]atives1 :i* are heat1 cold1 humidity1 & dryness1 z ^? :i* we call matrices1 :i* are lightness & weight1 ! =m] ! cause ( upp] motion1 ! latt] ( l[]4 ,matt] ( ?is nature _c be homog5e\s1 & mu/ necess>ily conta9 all sorts ( het]og5e\sness4 ,heat & cold1 humidity & dryness1 _c exi/ toge!r1 unless _! action & reaction temp] & conv]t !m into o!r qualities :i* assume ! =m ( mix$ bodies2 & z ?is temp]am5t c be made accord+ to innum]able div]sities ( comb9ations1 *aos mu/ conta9 an incr$ible numb] ( comp\nd species4 ,! only mann] ( conceiv+ matt] homog5e\s is by say+ t ! alt]ative qualities ( ! elem5ts modify all ! molecules ( matt] 9 ! same degree 9 su* a way1 t ?r\gh\t !re is ! same w>m?1 ! same s(tness1 ! same odor1 etc4 ,b ?is w\ld be to de/roy ) "o h& t :i* has be5 built up ) ! o!r2 x w\ld be by a contradiction 9 t]ms to call *aos ! mo/ regul>1 ! mo/ m>vell\s = its symmetry1 & ! mo/ admirable 9 its proportions t x is possible to conceive4 ,i all[ t ! ta/e ( man approves ( a div]sifi$ r ?an ( a regul> "w2 b our reason tea*es u t ! h>mony ( contr>y qualities1 uni=mly pres]v$ ?r\gh\t ! univ]se1 w\ld be z admirable a p]fection z ! unequal division ( !m :i* has succe$$ *aos4 ,:at k & p[] w\ld n ! diffusion ( ?is uni=m h>mony ?r\gh\t nature dem&6 ,x w\ld n be suffici5t to place 9 any comp\nd an equal quantity ( all ! f\r +r$i5ts2 ( "o !re mu/ be m & ( ano!r less1 accord+ z _! =ce is great] or less = action or resi/ance2 = we "k t philosoph]s be/[ action & reaction 9 a diff]5t degree on ! elem5t>y qualities4 ,all w\ld am\nt to an op9ion t ! p[] :i* metamorphos$ *aos has )drawn x1 n f a /ate ( /rife & confusion z is pret5d$1 b f a /ate ( ! mo/ admirable h>mony1 :i* by ! adju/m5t ( ! equilibrium ( contr>y =ces1 reta9$ x 9 a repose equival5t to peace4 ,x is c]ta91 !re=e1 t if ! poets w insi/ on ! homog5eity ( *aos1 !y mu/ erase all :i* !y h add$ conc]n+ ! wild confusion ( contr>y se$s1 ( ! undige/$ mass1 & ( ! p]petual combat ( conflict+ pr9ciples4 ,pass+ ov] ?is contradiction we %all f9d suffici5t subject = oppos+ !m 9 o!r p>ticul>s4 ,let u recomm5ce ! attack on et]nity4 ,!re is no?+ m absurd ?an to admit1 = an inf9ite "t1 ! mixture ( ! ins5sible p>ticles ( f\r elem5ts2 = z soon z y suppose 9 !m ! activity ( heat1 ! action & reaction ( ! f\r prim>y qualities1 & besides ^!1 motion t[>ds ! c5tre 9 ! elem5ts ( e>? & wat]1 & t[>ds ! circumf]5ce 9 ^? ( fire & air1 y e/abli% a pr9ciple :i* necess>ily sep>ates ^! f\r k9ds ( bodies1 ! "o f ! o!r1 & = :i* a def9ite p]iod alone is necess>y4 ,consid] a little1 t :i* is d5om9at$ ! vial ( ! f\r elem5ts4 ,!re are put into x "s small metallic p>ticles1 & !n ?ree liquids1 ! "o mu* light] ?an ! o!r4 ,%ake ^! well toge!r1 & y no long] disc]n any ( ^! compon5t p>ts s+ly2 ea* is conf\nd$ ) ! o!r4 ,b leave y\r vial at re/ = a %ort "t1 & y w f9d e "o ( !m resume its pri/9e situation4 ,! metallic p>ticles w reassemble at ! bottom ( ! vial1 ! lighte/ liquid w rise to ! top1 & ! o!rs take _! /ations accord+ to _! respective degrees ( gravity4 ,?us a v %ort "t w suffice to re/ore !m to ! same relative situation :i* !y occupi$ be=e ! vial 0 %ak54 ,9 ?is vial y behold ! laws :i* nature has giv5 9 ?is _w to ! f\r elem5ts1 &1 comp>+ ! univ]se to ?is vial1 we may conclude1 t if ! e>? r$uc$ to p[d] _h be5 m+l$ ) ! matt] ( ! />s1 & ) t ( air & ( wat]1 9 su* a way z t ! comp\nd exhibit$ none ( ! elem5ts by !mselves1 all w\ld h imm$iately op]at$ to dis5gage !mselves1 & at ! end ( a c]ta9 "t1 ! p>ticles ( e>? w\ld =m "o mass1 ^? ( fire ano!r2 & ?us ( ! o!rs 9 proportion to ! lightness or heav9ess ( ea* ( !m4 ,i d5y to ,bayle1 t ! exp]im5t ( ! vial inf]s a def9ite p]iod = ! duration ( *aos4 ,i in=m him1 t by heavy & light ?+s1 ,ovid & ! philosoph]s int5d$ ^? :i* became s aft] ,god _h plac$ ,8 h& on !m4 ,i say to him3 ,y take = grant$ t nature arrang$ all1 & be/[$ weight ^u h]self4 ,y mu/ beg9 by prov+ to me t gravity is an ess5tial quality ( matt]1 a position :i* has nev] be5 prov$4 ,desc>tes1 9 8 romance has pret5d$ t body nev] became heavy until 8 vortices ( subtle matt] began to pu% !m f ! c5tre4 ,newton1 9 8 correct philosophy1 nev] says t gravitation or attraction is a quality ess5tial to matt]4 ,if ,ovid _h be5 able to div9e ! ,pr9cipia ( ,newton1 he w\ld h said3 ,matt] 0 nei!r heavy nor 9 motion 9 my *aos2 x 0 ,god :o end[$ x ) ^! prop]ties2 my *aos includes n ! =ces y imag9e--nec quidquam nisi pondus in]s2 x 0 a p[]less mass2 pondus "h signifies n weight b mass4 ,no?+ c\ld possess weight1 be=e ,god be/[$ on matt] ! pr9ciple ( gravitation4 ,9 :atev] degree "o body is impell$ t[>ds ! c5tre ( ano!r1 w\ld x be drawn or impell$ by ano!r1 if ! ,supreme ,p[] _h n be/[$ ^u x ?is inexplicable virtue8 ,!re=e ,ovid w n only turn out a good philosoph] b a passable !ologian4 ,y say3 ,a s*ola/ic !ologian w admit )\t difficulty1 t if ! f\r elem5ts _h exi/$ indep5d5tly ( ,god1 ) all ! prop]ties :i* !y n[ possess1 !y w\ld h =m$ ( !mselves ! ma*9e ( ! _w1 & h ma9ta9$ x 9 ! /ate :i* we n[ behold4 ,!re are !re=e two great faults 9 ! doctr9e ( *aos2 ! fir/ ( :i* is1 t x takes away f ,god ! creation ( matt]1 & ! production ( ! qualities prop] to air1 fire1 e>?1 & wat]2 ! o!r1 t aft] tak+ ,god away1 ,he is made to appe> unnecess>ily on ! !atre ( ! _w1 9 ord] to assign _! places to ! f\r elem5ts4 ,our mod]n philosoph]s1 :o h reject$ ! faculties & ! qualities ( ! p]ipatetician physics1 w f9d ! same defects 9 ! description ( ! *aos ( ,ovid2 = t :i* !y call g5]al laws ( motion1 me*anical pr9ciples1 modifications ( matt]1 ! =m1 situation1 & arrangem5t ( atoms1 compreh5ds no?+ beyond ! active & passive virtue ( nature1 :i* ! p]ipatetics und]/& by ! alt]ative & =mative qualities ( ! f\r elem5ts4 ,see+1 !re=e1 t1 accord+ to ! doctr9e ( ?is s*ool1 ^! f\r bodies1 sep>at$ accord+ to _! natural heav9ess & lightness1 =m a pr9ciple :i* suffices = all g5]ation1 ! ,c>tesians1 ,gass5di/s1 & o!r mod]n philosoph]s1 ought to ma9ta9 t ! motion1 situation1 & =m ( ! p>ticles ( matt]1 are suffici5t = ! production ( all natural effects1 )\t except+ ev5 ! g5]al arrangem5t :i* has plac$ ! e>?1 ! air1 ! wat]1 & ! />s :]e we see !m4 ,?us1 ! true cause ( ! _w1 & ( ! effect :i* x produces1 is n diff]5t f ! cause :i* has be/[$ motion on p>ticles ( matt]--:e!r at ! same "t t x assign$ to ea* atom a det]m9ate figure1 z ! ,gass5di/s ass]t1 or t x has only giv5 to p>ticles entirely cubic1 an impulsion :i*1 by ! duration ( ! motion accord+ to c]ta9 laws1 makes x ultimately take all sorts ( =ms--:i* is ! hypo!sis ( ! ,c>tesians4 ,bo? ! "o & ! o!r consequ5tly agree1 t if matt] _h be51 be=e ! g5]ation ( ! pres5t _w1 z ,ovid describes1 x w\ld h be5 capable ( )draw+ itself f *aos by its own necess>y op]ation1 )\t ! assi/ance ( ,god4 ,ovid may !re=e be accus$ ( two ov]sights--hav+ suppos$1 9 ! fir/ place1 t )\t ! assi/ance ( ! ,div9ity1 matt] possess$ ! se$s ( e comp\nd1 heat1 motion1 etc42 & 9 ! second1 t )\t ! same assi/ance x c\ld extricate itself f confusion4 ,?is is to give at once too mu* & too little to bo? ,god & matt]2 x is to pass ov] assi/ance :5 mo/ ne$$1 & to dem& x :5 no long] necess>y4 ,ovid may /ill reply3 ,y are wrong 9 suppos+ t my elem5ts orig9ally possess$ all ! qualities :i* !y possess at pres5t4 ,!y _h no qualities2 matt] exi/$ nak$1 un=m$1 & p[]less2 & :5 ,i say1 t 9 my *aos1 heat 0 m+l$ ) cold1 & dryness ) humidity1 ,i only employ ^! expressions to signify t !re 0 nei!r cold1 nor heat1 nor wet1 nor dry1 :i* are qualities t ,god has plac$ 9 our s5sations1 & n 9 matt]4 ,i h n made ! mi/akes ( :i* y accuse me4 ,y\r ,c>tesians & y\r ,gass5di/s commit ov]sights ) _! atoms & _! cubic p>ticles2 & _! imag9ations deal z little 9 tru? z my ,metamorphoses4 ,i pref] ,daphne *ang$ into a laurel1 & ,n>cissus into a fl[]1 to subtile matt] *ang$ into suns1 & d5s] matt] trans=m$ into e>? & wat]4 ,i h giv5 y fables = fables1 & y\r philosoph]s h giv5 y fables = tru?4 ,,p>adise4 ,!re is no ^w ^: mean+ is m remote f its etymology4 ,x is well kn[n t x orig9ally meant a place plant$ ) fruit trees2 & aft]w>ds1 ! "n 0 giv5 to g>d5s plant$ ) trees = %ade4 ,su*1 9 di/ant antiquity1 7 ^? ( ,saana1 ne> ,ed51 9 ,arabia ,felix1 kn[n long be=e ! hordes ( ! ,hebrews _h invad$ a "p ( ! t]ritory ( ,pale/9e4 ,?is ^w p>adise is n celebrat$ among ! ,jews1 except 9 ! ,book ( ,g5esis4 ,"s ,jewi% canonical writ]s speak ( g>d5s2 b n "o ( !m has m5tion$ a ^w ab\t ! g>d5 d5om9at$ ! e>?ly p>adise4 ,h[ c\ld x happ5 t no ,jewi% writ]1 no ,jewi% prophet1 or ,jewi% psalmodi/1 %\ld h once cit$ t t]re/rial p>adise :i* we are talk+ ( e day ( our lives8 ,?is is almo/ incompreh5sible4 ,x has induc$ _m d>+ critics to believe t ,g5esis 0 n writt5 till a v late p]iod4 ,! ,jews nev] took ?is or*>d or plantation ( trees--?is g>d51 :e!r ( plants or fl[]s--= heav54 ,/4 ,luke is ! fir/ :o uses ! ^w p>adise1 z signify+ heav51 :5 ,jesus ,*ri/ says to ! good ?ief3 ,?is day ?\ %alt be ) ,me 9 p>adise4 ,! anci5ts gave ! "n ( heav5 to ! cl\ds4 ,t "n w\ld n h be5 exactly appropriate1 z ! cl\ds actually t\* ! e>? by ! vapors ( :i* !y are =m$1 & z heav5 is a vague ^w signify+ an imm5se space 9 :i* exi/ innum]able suns1 planets1 & comets1 :i* has c]ta9ly b little resemblance to an or*>d4 ,/4 ,?omas says t !re are ?ree p>adises--! t]re/rial1 ! cele/ial1 & ! spiritual4 ,i d n1 ,i ackn[l$ge1 p]fectly und]/& ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! spiritual & cele/ial4 ,! spiritual or*>d is accord+ to him1 ! beatific vision4 ,b x is precisely t :i* con/itutes ! cele/ial p>adise1 x is ! enjoym5t ( ,god ,himself4 ,i d n presume to dispute aga9/ ! angel ( ! s*ools4 ,i m]ely say--,happy mu/ he be :o always resides 9 "o ( ^! ?ree p>adises6 ,"s curi\s critics h ?\ght ! p>adise ( ! ,hesp]ides1 gu>d$ by a dragon1 0 an imitation ( ! g>d5 ( ,ed51 kept by a w+$ ox or a *]ub4 ,o!rs1 m ra%1 h v5tur$ to ass]t t ! ox 0 a bad copy ( ! dragon1 & t ! ,jews 7 always gross plagi>i/s2 b ?is w be admitt$ to be blasphemy1 & t idea is insupportable4 ,:y has ! "n ( p>adise be5 appli$ to ! squ>e c\rts 9 ! front ( a *ur*8 ,:y has ! ?ird r[ ( boxes at ! !atre or op]a h\se be5 call$ p>adise8 ,is x because1 z ^! places are less de> ?an o!rs1 x 0 ?\ght !y 7 int5d$ = ! poor1 & because x is pret5d$ t 9 ! o!r p>adise !re are f> m poor p]sons ?an ri*8 ,is x because ^! boxes are s high t !y h obta9$ a "n :i* also signifies heav58 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "s diff]5ce betwe5 asc5d+ to heav51 & asc5d+ to ! ?ird r[ ( boxes4 ,:at w\ld a /rang] ?9k on 8 arrival at ,p>is1 :5 ask$3 ,are y incl9$ to g to p>adise to see ,p\rceaugnac8 ,:at incongruities & equivoques are to be f\nd 9 all languages6 ,h[ /rongly is human weakness manife/$ 9 e object t is pres5t$ ar\nd u6 ,see ! article ,p>adise 9 ! great ,encyclopdia4 ,x is c]ta9ly bett] ?an ?is4 ,we conclude ) ! ,abb de ,/4 ,pi]re's favorite s5tim5t--,p>adise to ! b5efic5t4 ,,passions4 ,_! ,influ5ce ,^u ,! ,body1 ,& ,t ,( ,! ,body ,^u ,!m4 ,pray in=m me1 doctor--,i d n mean a doctor ( m$ic9e1 :o really possesses "s degree ( k1 :o has long exam9$ ! s9uosities ( ! bra91 :o has inve/igat$ :e!r !re is a circulat+ fluid 9 ! n]ves1 :o has repeat$ly & assidu\sly dissect$ ! human matrix 9 va91 to discov] some?+ ( ! =mation ( ?9k+ be+s1 & :o1 9 %ort1 kn[s all ( our ma*9e t c be kn[n2 alas6 ,i mean a v diff]5t p]son1 a doctor ( !ology--,i adjure y1 by t reason at ! v "n ( :i* y %udd]1 tell me :y x is1 t 9 consequ5ce ( y\r "y & h&some h\sekeep] say+ a few lov+ words1 & giv+ h]self a few coquetti% airs1 y\r blood becomes in/antly agitat$1 & y\r :ole frame ?r[n into a tumult ( desire1 :i* spe$ily leads to pleasures1 ( :i* nei!r h]self nor y c expla9 ! cause1 b :i* t]m9ate ) ! introduction into ! _w ( a ?9k+ be+ encru/$ all ov] ) orig9al s94 ,in=m me1 ,i entreat y1 h[ ! action t5ds to or is connect$ ) ! result8 ,y may read & re-read ,san*ez & ,?omas ,aqu9as1 & ,scot & ,bonav5ture1 b y w nev] 9 consequ5ce "k an iota ! m ( t incompreh5sible me*anism by :i* ! et]nal ar*itect directs y\r ideas & y\r actions1 & orig9ates ! little ba/>d ( a prie/ pr$e/9$ to damnation f all et]nity4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+1 :5 tak+ y\r *ocolate1 y\r memory retraces ! image ( pleasure :i* y exp]i5c$ ! ev5+ be=e1 & ! sc5e & rapture are repeat$4 ,h y any idea1 my great automaton fri5d1 :at ?is same memory1 :i* y possess 9 common ) e species ( animals1 really is8 ,d y "k :at fibres recall y\r ideas1 & pa9t 9 y\r bra9 ! joys ( ! ev5+ by a cont9u\s s5tim5t1 a consci\sness1 a p]sonal id5tity :i* slept ) y1 & awoke ) y8 ,! doctor replies1 9 ! language ( ,?omas ,aqu9as1 t all ?is is ! "w ( 8 vegetative s\l1 8 s5sitive s\l1 & 8 intellectual s\l1 all ?ree ( :i* compose a s\l :i*1 al?\gh )\t ext5sion itself1 evid5tly acts on a body possess$ ( ext5sion 9 c\rse4 ,i p]ceiv$ by 8 emb>rass$ mann]1 t he has be5 /amm]+ out words )\t a s+le idea2 & ,i at l5g? say to him3 ,if y feel1 doctor1 t1 h[ev] reluctantly1 y mu/ 9 y\r own m9d admit t y d n "k :at a s\l is1 & t y h be5 talk+ all y\r life )\t any di/9ct mean+1 :y n ackn[l$ge x l an hone/ man8 ,:y d y n conclude ! same z mu/ be conclud$ f ! physical promotion ( ,doctor ,b\rssi]1 & f c]ta9 passages ( ,malebran*e1 &1 above all1 f ! acute & judici\s ,locke1 s f> sup]ior to ,malebran*e--:y d y n1 ,i say1 conclude t y\r s\l is a faculty :i* ,god has be/[$ on y )\t disclos+ to y ! secret ( ,8 process1 z ,he has be/[$ on y v>i\s o!rs8 ,be assur$1 t _m m5 ( deep reflection ma9ta9 t1 prop]ly speak+1 ! unkn[n p[] ( ! ,div9e ,artific]1 & ,8 unkn[n laws1 alone p]=m ev]y?+ 9 u3 & t1 to speak m correctly /ill1 we %all nev] "k 9 fact any?+ at all ab\t ! matt]4 ,! doctor at ?is becomes agitat$ & irritat$2 ! blood ru%es into 8 face2 if he _h be5 /rong] ?an myself1 & _h n be5 re/ra9$ by a s5se ( dec5cy1 he w\ld c]ta9ly h /ruck me4 ,8 he>t swells2 ! sy/ole & dia/ole are int]rupt$ 9 _! regul> op]ation2 8 bra9 is compress$2 & he falls d[n 9 a fit ( apoplexy4 ,:at connection c\ld !re be betwe5 ?is blood1 & he>t1 & bra91 & an old op9ion ( ! doctor contr>y to my own8 ,does a pure intellectual _s fall into syncope :5 ano!r is ( a diff]5t op9ion8 ,i h utt]$ c]ta9 s\nds2 he has utt]$ c]ta9 s\nds2 & behold6 he falls d[n 9 apoplexy--he drops dead6 ,i am sitt+ at table1 prima m5sis1 9 ! fir/ ( ! mon?1 myself & my s\l1 at ! ,sorbonne1 ) five or six doctors1 socii ,sorbonnici1 fell[s ( ! in/itution4 ,we are s]v$ ) bad & adult]at$ w9e2 at fir/ our s\ls are elevat$ & madd5$2 half an h\r aft]w>ds our s\ls are /upefi$1 & z x 7 annihilat$2 & on ! ensu+ morn+ ^! same wor?y doctors issue a gr& decree1 decid+ t ! s\l1 al?\gh occupy+ no place1 let x be rememb]$1 & absolutely immat]ial--is lodg$ 9 ! corpus callosum ( ! bra91 9 ord] to pay _! c\rt to surgeon ,la ,peyronie4 ,a gue/ is sitt+ at table full ( conv]sation & gayety4 ,a lett] is br\ght him t ov]:elms him ) a/oni%m5t1 grief1 & appreh5sion4 ,in/antly ! muscles ( 8 abdom5 contract & relax ) extraord9>y viol5ce1 ! p]i/altic motion ( ! inte/9es is augm5t$1 ! sph9ct] ( ! rectum is op5$ by ! convulsions :i* agitate 8 frame1 & ! un=tunate g5tleman1 in/ead ( f9i%+ 8 d9n] 9 com=t1 produces a copi\s evacuation4 ,tell me1 !n1 :at secret connection nature has e/abli%$ betwe5 an idea & a wat]-closet4 ,( all ^? p]sons :o h und]gone ! op]ation ( trepann+1 a great proportion always rema9 imbecile4 ,( c\rse1 !re=e1 ! ?9k+ fibres ( _! bra9 h be5 injur$2 b :]e are ^! ?9k+ fibres8 ,oh1 ,san*ez6 ,oh1 ,ma/]s de ,grill&is1 ,tamponet1 ,riballi]6 ,oh1 ,cog-,pecus1 second reg5t & rector ( ! univ]sity1 d give me a cle>1 decisive1 & satisfactory explanation ( all ?is1 if y possibly c6 ,:ile ,i 0 writ+ ?is article at ,m\nt ,krapak = my own private improvem5t1 a book 0 br\ght to me call$ ,! ,m$ic9e ( ! ,m9d1 by ,doctor ,camus1 pr(essor ( m$ic9e 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is4 ,i 0 9 hopes ( f9d+ 9 ?is book a solution ( all my difficulties4 ,b :at 0 x t ,i f\nd 9 fact8 ,j no?+ at all4 ,ah1 ,ma/] ,camus6 y h n display$ mu* m9d 9 prep>+ y\r ,m$ic9e ( ! ,m9d4 ,?is p]son /rongly recomm5ds ! blood ( an ass1 drawn f beh9d ! e>1 z a specific aga9/ madness4 ,! virtue ( ! blood ( an ass1 he says1 re-e/abli%es ! s\l 9 its functions4 ,he ma9ta9s1 also1 t madm5 are cur$ by giv+ !m ! it*4 ,he ass]ts1 likewise1 t 9 ord] to ga9 or /r5g!n a memory1 ! meat ( capons1 lev]ets1 & l>ks1 is ( em95t s]vice1 & t onions & butt] ought to be avoid$ above all ?+s4 ,?is 0 pr9t$ 9 #agfi ) ! k+'s approbation & privilege2 & !re really 7 p :o consign$ _! heal? to ! keep+ ( ,ma/] ,camus1 pr(essor ( m$ic9e6 ,:y 0 he n made fir/ physician to ! k+8 ,poor puppets ( ! ,et]nal ,artific]1 :o "k nei!r :y nor h[ an invisible h& moves all ! spr+s ( our ma*9e1 & at l5g? packs u away 9 our wood5 box6 ,we con/antly see m & m reason = repeat+1 ) ,ari/otle1 ,all is occult1 all is secret4 ,,paul4 ,,section ,i4 ,que/ions ,conc]n+ ,paul4 ,0 ,paul a ,roman citiz51 z he boa/$8 ,if he 0 a native ( ,t>sus 9 ,cilicia1 ,t>sus 0 n a ,roman colony until a hundr$ ye>s aft] 8 dea?2 ^u ?is po9t all antiqu>ies are agre$4 ,if he belong$ to ! little t[n or village ( ,gescala1 z ,/4 ,j]ome believ$1 ?is t[n 0 9 ,galilee1 & c]ta9ly ! ,galileans 7 n ,roman citiz5s4 ,is x true1 t ,/4 ,paul ent]$ into ! ris+ society ( ,*ri/ians1 :o at t "t 7 demi-,jews1 only because ,gamaliel1 ^: disciple he 01 refus$ him 8 daught] 9 m>riage8 ,x appe>s t ?is accusation is to be f\nd exclusively 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 :i* are receiv$ by ! ,ebionites1 & refut$ by ! ,bi%op ,epiphanius 9 8 ?irtie? *apt]4 ,is x true1 t ,/4 ,!cla s\ght ,/4 ,paul 9 ! disguise ( a man1 & are ! acts ( ,/4 ,!cla admissible8 ,t]tullian1 9 ! ?irte5? *apt] ( 8 book on ,baptism1 ma9ta9s t ?is hi/ory 0 compos$ by a prie/ atta*$ to ,paul4 ,j]ome & ,cyprian1 9 refut+ ! /ory ( ! lion baptiz$ by ,/4 ,!cla1 affirm ! g5u95ess ( ^! acts1 9 :i* we f9d t s+ul> portrait ( ,/4 ,paul1 :i* we h already record$4 ,he 0 fat1 %ort1 & broad %\ld]$2 8 d>k eyebr[s unit$ across 8 aquil9e nose2 8 legs 7 crook$1 8 head bald1 & he 0 full ( ! grace ( ! ,"l4 ,?is is pretty ne>ly 8 portrait 9 ! ,philopatris ( ,lucian1 ) ! exception ( ! grace ( ,god1 ) :i* ,lucian un=tunately _h no acqua9tance4 ,is ,paul to be repreh5d$ = 8 repro( ( ! ,judaiz+ ( ,/4 ,pet]1 :o himself ,judaiz$ = eight days toge!r 9 ! temple ( ,j]usalem8 ,:5 ,paul 0 traduc$ be=e ! gov]nor ( ,juda = hav+ introduc$ /rang]s into ! temple1 0 x prop] = him to say to ! gov]nor1 t he 0 prosecut$ on acc\nt ( 8 tea*+ ! resurrection ( ! dead1 :il/ ( ! resurrection ( ! dead no?+ 0 said at all4 ,did ,paul d "r 9 circumcis+ 8 disciple ,timo?y1 aft] hav+ writt5 to ! ,galatians1 t if !y 7 circumcis$ ,jesus w\ld n pr(it !m8 ,0 x well to write to ! ,cor9?ians1 *ap4 ix43 ,h we n p[] to eat & dr9k at y\r exp5se8 ,h we n p[] to lead ab\t a si/]1 a wife8 etc4 ,0 x prop] to write 9 8 ,second ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 t he w p>don none ( !m1 nei!r ^? :o h s9n$ nor o!rs8 ,:at %\ld we ?9k at pres5t ( a man :o pret5d$ to live at our exp5se1 himself1 & 8 wife2 & to judge & to puni% u1 conf\nd+ ! innoc5t ) ! guilty8 ,:at are we to und]/& by ! asc5sion ( ,paul into ! ?ird heav58--:at is ! ?ird heav58 ,:i* is ! mo/ probable--humanly speak+8 ,did ,/4 ,paul become a ,*ri/ian 9 consequ5ce ( be+ ?r[n f a horse by ! appe>ance ( a great light at noon day1 f :i* a cele/ial voice exclaim$3 ,saul1 ,saul1 :y p]secute/ ?\ ,me8 or 0 x 9 consequ5ce ( be+ irritat$ aga9/ ! ,ph>isees1 ei!r by ! refusal ( ,gamaliel to give him 8 daught]1 or by "s o!r cause8 ,9 all o!r hi/ory1 ! refusal ( ,gamaliel w\ld appe> m probable ?an ! cele/ial voice2 especially if1 moreov]1 we 7 n oblig$ to believe 9 ?is miracle4 ,i only ask ^! que/ions 9 ord] to be in/ruct$2 & ,i reque/ all ^? :o are will+ to in/ruct me to speak reasonably4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul are s sublime1 x is (t5 difficult to und]/& !m4 ,_m "y ba*elors dem& ! precise signification ( ! foll[+ words3 ,e man pray+ or prophesy+1 hav+ 8 head cov]$1 di%onore? 8 head4 ,:at does he mean by ! words3 ,i h le>n$ f ! ,"l1 t ! ,"l ,jesus1 ! same night 9 :i* ,he 0 betray$1 took bread8 ,h[ c\ld he le>n any?+ f t ,jesus ,*ri/ to ,:om he _h nev] spok51 & to ,:om he _h be5 a mo/ cruel enemy1 )\t ev] hav+ se5 ,him8 ,0 x by inspiration1 or by ! recital ( ! apo/les8 or did he le>n x :5 ! cele/ial light caus$ him to fall f 8 horse8 ,he does n in=m u on ?is po9t4 ,! foll[+ aga93 ,! woman %all be sav$ 9 *ild-be>+4 ,?is is c]ta9ly to enc\rage population3 x appe>s n t ,/4 ,paul f\nd$ conv5ts4 ,he speaks ( s$uc+ spirits & doctr9es ( devils2 ( ^? ^: consci5ces are se>$ up ) a r$-hot iron1 :o =bid to m>ry1 & comm& to ab/a9 f meats4 ,?is is v /rong4 ,x appe>s t he abjur$ monks1 nuns1 & fa/-days4 ,expla9 ?is contradiction2 deliv] me f ?is cruel emb>rassm5t4 ,:at is to be said ( ! passage 9 :i* he recomm5ds ! bi%ops to h "o wife8--,unius uxoris virum4 ,?is is positive4 ,he p]mits ! bi%ops to h b "o wife1 :il/ ! ,jewi% pontiffs might h sev]al4 ,he says unequivocally1 t ! la/ judgm5t w happ5 dur+ 8 own "t1 t ,jesus w desc5d f on high1 z describ$ by ,/4 ,luke1 & t ,/4 ,paul & ! righte\s inhabitants ( ,!ssalonica w be caught up to ,him 9 ! air1 etc4 ,has ?is occurr$8 or is x an allegory1 a figure8 ,did he actually believe t he %\ld make ?is j\rney1 or t he _h be5 caught up into ! ?ird heav58 ,:i* is ! ?ird heav58 ,h[ w he asc5d into ! air8 ,has he be5 !re8 ,t ! ,god ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,fa!r ( ,glory1 may give y ! _s ( wisdom4 ,is ?is ackn[l$g+ ,jesus to be ! same ,god z ! ,fa!r8 ,he has manife/$ ,8 p[] ov] ,jesus :5 ,he rais$ ,him f ! dead1 & set ,him at ,8 own "r h&4 ,does ?is con/itute ! div9ity ( ,jesus8 ,?\ made/ him 7,jesus7 a little l[] ?an angels2 ?\ cr[n$/ him ) glory4 ,if ,he is inf]ior to angels--is ,he ,god8 ,= if by "o man's (f5ce dea? reigne?1 mu* m !y :o receive ( ! abundance ( grace1 & ( ! gift ( righte\sness1 %all reign 9 life by "o ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,almo/ man & nev] ,god1 except 9 a s+le passage conte/$ by ,erasmus1 ,grotius1 ,le ,cl]c1 etc4 ,*ildr5 ( ,god1 & jo9t heirs ) ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,is n ?is con/antly reg>d+ ,jesus z "o ( u1 al?\gh sup]ior by ! grace ( ,god8 ,to ,god1 alone wise1 honor & glory1 ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,h[ are we to und]/& ^! passages lit]ally1 )\t fe>+ to (f5d ,jesus ,*ri/2 or1 9 a m ext5d$ s5se1 )\t ! risk ( (f5d+ ,god ! ,fa!r8 ,!re are _m m passages ( ?is k9d1 :i* ex]cise ! sagacity ( ! le>n$4 ,! comm5tators diff]1 & we pret5d n to possess any light :i* c remove ! obscurity4 ,we submit ) he>t & m\? to ! decision ( ! ,*ur*4 ,we h also tak5 "s tr\ble to p5etrate into ! mean+ ( ! foll[+ passages3 ,= circumcision v]ily pr(ite?1 if ?\ keepe/ ! law2 b if ?\ be a break] ( ! law1 ?y circumcision is made uncircumcision4 ,n[ we "k1 t :atev] ! law sai?1 x sai? to !m :o are "u ! law2 t e m\? may be /opp$1 & all ! _w may become guilty be=e ,god4 ,!re=e1 by ! de$s ( ! law %all no fle% be ju/ifi$2 = by ! law is ! k ( s94444 ,see+ t x is "o ,god :i* %all ju/ify ! circumcision by fai?1 & uncircumcision ?r\gh fai?4 ,d we !n make void ! law1 ?r\gh fai?8 ,god =bid2 yea1 we e/abli% ! law4 ,= if ,abraham 0 ju/ifi$ by 8 works1 he ha? :]e( to glory2 b n be=e ,god4 ,we fe> t ev5 ! +5u\s & pr(\nd ,dom ,calmet himself gives u n1 ^u ^! some:at obscure passages1 a light :i* dissipates all our d>kness4 ,x is )\t d\bt our own fault t we d n und]/& ! comm5tators1 & are depriv$ ( t complete conception ( ! text1 :i* is giv5 only to privileg$ s\ls4 ,z soon1 h[ev]1 z an explanation %all come f ! *air ( tru?1 we %all compreh5d ! :ole p]fectly4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,let u add ?is little supplem5t to ! article ,paul4 ,x is bett] to edify ourselves ) ! ,epi/les ( ?is apo/le1 ?an to weak5 our piety by calumniat+ ! times & p]sons = :i* !y 7 writt54 ,! le>n$ se>* 9 va9 = ! ye> & ! day 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul assi/$ to /one ,/4 ,/eph51 & to gu>d ! mantles ( 8 execution]s4 ,!y dispute on ! ye> 9 :i* he 0 ?r[n f 8 horse by a miracul\s light at noonday1 & on ! epo* ( 8 be+ borne away into ! ?ird heav54 ,!y c agree nei!r ^u ! ye> 9 :i* he 0 conduct$ to ,rome1 nor t 9 :i* he di$4 ,!y are unacqua9t$ ) ! date ( any ( 8 lett]s4 ,/4 ,j]ome1 9 8 comm5t>y on ! ,epi/le to ,philemon says t ,paul might signify ! emb\*ure ( a flute4 ,! lett]s ( ,/4 ,paul to ,s5eca1 & f ,s5eca to ,/4 ,paul1 7 acc\nt$ z au!ntic 9 ! primitive ages ( ! ,*ur*1 z all ! re/ ( ! ,*ri/ian writ+s4 ,/4 ,j]ome ass]ts _! au!nticity1 & quotes passages f ^! lett]s 9 8 catalogue4 ,/4 ,augu/9e d\bts !m n 9 8 #aec;d lett] to ,mac$onius4 ,we h ?irty lett]s ( ^! two great m51 ,paul & ,s5eca1 :o1 x is pret5d$1 7 l9k$ toge!r by a /rict fri5d%ip 9 ! c\rt ( ,n]o4 ,! sev5? lett] f ,paul to ,s5eca is v curi\s4 ,he tells him t ! ,jews & ! ,*ri/ians 7 (t5 burn$ z inc5di>ies at ,rome3 ,*ri/iani et ,judi tanquam ma*9atores inc5dii supplicio affici sol5t4 ,x is 9 fact probable1 t ! ,jews & ! ,*ri/ians1 ^: mutual enmity 0 extremely viol5t1 reciprocally accus$ ea* o!r ( sett+ ! city on fire2 & t ! scorn & horror felt t[>ds ! ,jews1 ) :om ! ,*ri/ians 7 usually conf\nd$1 r5d]$ !m equally ! objects ( public suspicion & v5geance4 ,we are oblig$ to ackn[l$ge1 t ! epi/ol>y correspond5ce ( ,s5eca & ,paul is 9 a ridicul\s & b>b>\s ,lat92 t ! subjects ( ^! lett]s are z inconsi/5t z ! /yle2 & t at pres5t !y are reg>d$ z =g]ies4 ,b1 !n1 may we v5ture to contradict ! te/imony ( ,/4 ,j]ome & ,/4 ,augu/9e8 ,if writ+s1 atte/$ by !m1 are no?+ b vile impo/ures1 h[ %all we be c]ta9 ( ! au!nticity ( o!rs m respectable8 ,su* is ! important objection ( _m le>n$ p]sons4 ,if we are unwor?ily deceiv$1 say !y1 9 relation to ! lett]s ( ,paul & ,s5eca on ! ,apo/olical ,in/itutes1 & ! ,acts ( ,/4 ,pet]1 :y may we n be equally impos$ ^u by ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les8 ,! decision ( ! ,*ur* & fai? are unequivocal answ]s to all ^! rese>*es ( sci5ce & sugge/ions ( ! und]/&+4 ,x is n kn[n ^u :at f\ndation ,abdias1 fir/ bi%op ( ,babylon1 says1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,apo/les1 t ,/4 ,paul caus$ ,/4 ,james ! ,less to be /on$ by ! p4 ,be=e he 0 conv]t$1 h[ev]1 he might z readily p]secute ,/4 ,james z ,/4 ,/eph54 ,he 0 c]ta9ly v viol5t1 because x is said 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 t he brea!d ?reat5+s & slaught]4 ,abdias has also tak5 c>e to obs]ve1 t ! mov] ( ! s$ition 9 :i* ,/4 ,james 0 s cruelly treat$1 0 ! same ,paul :om ,god _h s9ce call$ to ! apo/le%ip4 ,?is book1 attribut$ to ,abdias1 is n admitt$ into ! canon2 b ,julius ,africanus1 :o has translat$ x into ,lat91 believes x to be au!ntic4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 ! *ur* has n admitt$ x1 we mu/ n admit x4 ,let u cont5t ourselves ) ador+ ,provid5ce1 & wi%+ t all p]secutors 7 trans=m$ into *>itable & compassionate apo/les4 ,,p]secution4 ,i w n call ,diocletian a p]secutor1 = he protect$ ! ,*ri/ians = eighte5 ye>s2 & if1 dur+ 8 latt] days1 he did n save !m f ! res5tm5t ( ,gal]ius1 he only furni%$ ! example ( a pr9ce s$uc$1 l _m o!rs1 by intrigue & cabal1 into a conduct unwor?y ( 8 "*4 ,i w /ill less give ! "n ( p]secutor to ,trajan or ,antonius4 ,i %\ld reg>d myself z utt]+ blasphemy4 ,:at is a p]secutor8 ,he ^: w\nd$ pride & fanaticism irritate pr9ces & magi/rates into fury aga9/ innoc5t m51 ^: only crime is t ( be+ ( a diff]5t op9ion4 ,impud5t man6 y h wor%ipp$ ,god2 y h prea*$ & practis$ virtue2 y h s]v$ & assi/$ man2 y h protect$ ! orphan1 h succor$ ! poor2 y h *ang$ des]ts1 9 :i* slaves dragg$ on a mis]able exi/5ce1 into f]tile di/ricts peopl$ ) happy families2 b ,i h discov]$ t y despise me1 & h nev] read my controv]sial "w4 ,i w1 !re=e1 seek ! confessor ( ! prime m9i/]1 or ! magi/rate2 ,i w %[ !m1 ) out/ret*$ neck & twi/$ m\?1 t y hold an errone\s op9ion 9 relation to ! cells 9 :i* ! ,septuag9t 0 /udi$2 t y h ev5 spok5 disrespectfully = ^! t5 ye>s pa/ ( ,tobit's dog1 :i* y ass]t to h be5 a spaniel1 :il/ ,i ma9ta9 t x 0 a greyh\nd4 ,i w d5\nce y z ! enemy ( ,god & man6 ,su* is ! language ( ! p]secutor2 & if ^! words d n precisely issue f 8 lips1 !y are engrav5 on 8 he>t ) ! grav] ( fanaticism /eep$ 9 ! gall ( envy4 ,x 0 ?us t ! ,jesuit ,letelli] d>$ to p]secute ,c>d9al de ,noailles1 & t ,jurieu p]secut$ ,bayle4 ,:5 ! p]secution ( ! ,prote/ants comm5c$ 9 ,france1 x 0 n ,francis ,i41 nor ,h5ry ,,ii41 nor ,francis ,,ii41 :o s\ght out ^! un=tunate p1 :o h>d5$ !mselves aga9/ !m ) reflective bitt]ness1 & :o deliv]$ !m to ! flames 9 ! _s ( v5geance4 ,francis ,i4 0 too mu* engag$ ) ! ,du*ess d'tampes2 ,h5ry ,,ii41 ) 8 anci5t ,diana1 & ,francis ,,ii4 0 too mu* a *ild4 ,:o1 !n1 comm5c$ ^! p]secutions8 ,jeal\s prie/s1 :o enli/$ 9 _! s]vice ! prejudices ( magi/rates & ! policy ( m9i/]s4 ,if ^! mon>*s _h n be5 deceiv$1 if !y _h =ese5 t ^! p]secutions w\ld produce half a c5tury ( civil w>1 & t ! two p>ts ( ! nation w\ld mutually ext]m9ate ea* o!r1 !y w\ld h ext+ui%$ ) _! te>s ! fir/ piles :i* !y all[$ to be light$4 ,oh1 ,god ( m]cy6 if any man c resemble t malignant be+ :o is describ$ z actually employ$ 9 ! de/ruction ( ,y\r works1 is x n ! p]secutor8 ,,pet] 7,,sa9t74 ,:y h ! successors ( ,/4 ,pet] possess$ s mu* p[] 9 ! ,we/ & none 9 ! ,ea/8 ,?is is j ! same z to ask :y ! bi%ops ( ,wrzburg & ,salzburg obta9$ = !mselves regal pr]ogatives 9 a p]iod ( an>*y1 :ile ! ,greek bi%ops always rema9$ subjects4 ,"t1 opportunity1 ! ambition ( "s1 & ! weakness ( o!rs1 h done & w d ev]y?+ 9 ! _w4 ,we always except :at relates to religion4 ,to ?is an>*y1 mu/ be add$ op9ion2 & op9ion is ! que5 ( mank9d4 ,n t1 9 fact1 !y h any v cle> & def9ite op9ion ( _! own1 b words answ] ! same end ) !m4 ,i w give unto !e ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav54 ,! zeal\s p>tisans ( ! bi%op ( ,rome cont5d$1 ab\t ! elev5? c5tury1 t :oev] gives ! great] gives ! less2 t heav5 surr\nd$ ! e>?2 & t1 z ,pet] _h ! keys ( ! conta9]1 he _h also ! keys ( :at 0 conta9$4 ,if by heav5 we und]/& all ! />s & planets1 x is evid5t1 accord+ to ,tomasius1 t ! keys giv5 to ,simon ,b>jonas1 surnam$ ,pet]1 7 a univ]sal passport4 ,if we und]/& by heav5 ! cl\ds1 ! atmosph]e1 ! e!r1 & ! space 9 :i* ! planets revolve1 no smi? 9 ! _w1 z ,meursius obs]ves1 c\ld ev] make a key = su* gates z ^!4 ,raill]ies1 h[ev]1 are n reasons4 ,keys 9 ,pale/9e 7 wood5 lat*es ) /r+s to !m4 ,jesus says to ,b>jonas1 ,:atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d on e>? %all be b\nd 9 heav54 ,! pope's cl]gy conclud$ f ^! words1 t ! popes _h receiv$ au?ority to b9d & unb9d ! p's oa? ( fidelity to _! k+s1 & to dispose ( k+doms at _! pleasure4 ,?is c]ta9ly 0 conclud+ magnific5tly4 ,! ,commons 9 ! /ates-g5]al ( ,france1 9 #acjb1 say1 9 _! memorial to ! k+1 t ,boniface ,,viii4 0 a b---- = believ+ t ,god b\nd & imprison$ 9 heav5 :at ,boniface b\nd on e>?4 ,a fam\s ,g]man ,lu!ran--! great ,melanc?on--c\ld n endure ! idea ( ,jesus hav+ said to ,simon ,b>jonas1 ,cepha or ,cephas1 ,?\ art ,pet]1 & ^u ?is rock w ,i build my assembly1 my *ur*4 ,he c\ld n conceive t ,god w\ld use su* a play ( words1 & t ! p[] ( ! pope c\ld h be5 e/abli%$ on a pun4 ,su* a d\bt1 h[ev]1 c be indulg$ only by a ,prote/ant4 ,pet] has be5 consid]$ z hav+ be5 bi%op ( ,rome2 b x is well kn[n t1 9 ! apo/olic age1 & long aft]1 !re 0 no p>ticul> & appropriate bi%opric4 ,! society ( ,*ri/ians did n assume a regul> =m until ab\t ! middle ( ! second c5tury4 ,x may be true t ,pet] w5t to ,rome1 & ev5 t he 0 crucifi$ ) 8 head d[nw>ds1 al?\gh t 0 n ! usual mode ( crucifixion2 b we h no pro( :atev] ( all ?is4 ,we h a lett] "u 8 "n1 9 :i* he says t he is at ,babylon3 acute & %rewd canoni/s h cont5d$ t1 by ,babylon1 we ought to und]/& ,rome2 & on ! same pr9ciple1 if he _h dat$ at ,rome1 we might h conclud$ t ! lett] _h be5 writt5 at ,babylon4 ,m5 h long be5 9 ! habit ( draw+ su* reasonable & judici\s inf]5ces z ^!2 & x is 9 ?is mann] t ! _w has be5 gov]n$4 ,!re 0 once a cl]gyman :o1 aft] hav+ be5 made to pay extortionately = a b5efice at ,rome--an (f5ce kn[n by ! "n ( simony--happ5$ to be ask$1 "s "t aft]w>ds1 :e!r he ?\ght ,simon ,pet] _h ev] be5 9 t city8 ,he repli$1 ,i d n ?9k t ,pet] 0 ev] !re1 b ,i am sure ,simon 04 ,) respect to ! p]sonal "* & behavior ( ,/4 ,pet]1 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t ,paul is n ! only "o :o 0 sc&aliz$ at 8 conduct4 ,he 0 (t5 )/ood to ! face1 z well z 8 successors4 ,/4 ,paul vehem5tly reproa*$ him ) eat+ =bidd5 meats3 t is1 pork1 blood-pudd+1 h>e1 eels1 ! ixion1 & ! griff92 ,pet] v9dicat$ himself by say+ t he _h se5 heav5 op5$ ab\t ! six? h\r1 & z x 7 a great %eet desc5d+ f ! f\r corn]s ( x1 :i* 0 fill$ ) creep+ ?+s1 quadrup$s1 & birds1 :ile ! voice ( an angel call$ out to him1 say+1 ,kill & eat4 ,?is1 says ,wool/on1 seems to h be5 ! same voice :i* has call$ out to s _m pontiffs s9ce1 ,kill ev]y?+2 eat up ! sub/ance ( ! p4 ,b ?is reproa* is mu* too /rong4 ,casaubon _c by any means br+ himself to approve ! mann] 9 :i* ,/4 ,pet] treat$ ,ananias & ,sapphira1 8 wife4 ,by :at "r1 says ,casaubon1 did a ,jew slave ( ! ,romans ord] or p]mit t all ^? :o believ$ 9 ,jesus %\ld sell _! inh]itance1 & lay d[n ! price paid = x at 8 feet8 ,if an ,anabapti/ at ,london 0 to ord] all ! money belong+ to 8 bre?r5 to be br\ght & laid at 8 feet1 w\ld he n be appreh5d$ z a s$iti\s s$uc]1 z a ?ief :o w\ld c]ta9ly be hang$ at ,tyburn8 ,0 x n abom9able to kill ,ananias1 because1 aft] hav+ sold 8 prop]ty & deliv]$ ov] ! bulk ( ! produce to ,pet]1 he _h reta9$ = himself & 8 wife a few cr[ns = any case ( necessity1 )\t m5tion+ x8 ,sc>cely1 moreov]1 has ,ananias expir$1 be=e 8 wife arrives4 ,pet]1 in/ead ( w>n+ h] *>itably t he _h j de/roy$ h] husb& by apoplexy = hav+ kept back a few oboli1 & caution+ h] !re=e to look well to h]self1 leads h] z x 7 int5tionally into ! sn>e4 ,he asks h] if h] husb& has giv5 all 8 money to ! sa9ts2 ! poor woman replies 9 ! affirmative1 & dies in/antly4 ,?is is c]ta9ly r sev]e4 ,corr+ius asks1 :y ,pet]1 :o ?us kill$ ! p]sons t _h giv5 him alms & %[$ him k9dness1 did n r g & de/roy all ! le>n$ doctors :o _h br\ght ,jesus ,*ri/ to ! cross1 & :o m ?an once br\ght a sc\rg+ on himself4 ,oh1 ,pet]6 says ,corr+ius1 y put to dea? two ,*ri/ians :o be/[$ alms on y1 & at ! same "t suff] ^? to live :o crucifi$ y\r ,god6 ,9 ! reigns ( ,h5ry ,,iv41 & ,l\is ,,xiii41 we _h an advocate-g5]al ( ! p>liam5t ( ,prov5ce1 a man ( quality1 call$ d',oraison de ,torame1 :o1 9 a book respect+ ! *ur* militant1 d$icat$ to ,h5ry ,,iv41 has appropriat$ a :ole *apt] to ! s5t5ces pron\nc$ by ,/4 ,pet] 9 crim9al causes4 ,he says1 t ! s5t5ce pron\nc$ by ,pet] on ,ananias & ,sapphira 0 execut$ by ,god ,himself1 9 ! v t]ms & =ms ( spiritual jurisdiction4 ,8 :ole book is 9 ! same /ra92 b ,corr+ius1 z we p]ceive1 is ( a diff]5t op9ion f t ( our sagaci\s & lib]al prov9cial advocate4 ,x is pretty evid5t t ,corr+ius 0 n 9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,inquisition :5 he publi%$ 8 bold rem>ks4 ,erasmus1 9 relation to ,/4 ,pet]1 rem>k$ a some:at curi\s circum/ance1 :i* is1 t ! *ief ( ! ,*ri/ian religion began 8 apo/le%ip ) d5y+ ,jesus ,*ri/1 & t ! fir/ pontiff ( ! ,jews comm5c$ 8 m9i/ry by mak+ a gold5 calf & wor%ipp+ x4 ,h[ev] t may be1 ,pet] is describ$ z a poor man in/ruct+ ! poor4 ,he resembles ^? f\nd]s ( ord]s :o liv$ 9 indig5ce1 & ^: successors h become great lords & ev5 pr9ces4 ,! pope1 ! successor ( ,pet]1 has sometimes ga9$ & sometimes lo/2 b !re are /ill ab\t fifty millions ( p]sons 9 ! _w submitt+ 9 _m po9ts to 8 laws1 besides 8 own imm$iate subjects4 ,to obta9 a ma/] ?ree or f\r hundr$ leagues f home2 to susp5d y\r own op9ion & wait = :at he puts =? z 82 n to d>e to give a f9al decision on a cause relat+ to c]ta9 ( our fell[-citiz5s1 b ?r\gh commission]s appo9t$ by ?is /rang]2 n to d>e to take possession ( c]ta9 fields & v9ey>ds grant$ by our own sov]eign1 )\t pay+ a consid]able sum to ?is =eign ma/]2 to violate ! laws ( our c\ntry1 :i* prohibit a man's m>riage ) 8 niece1 & m>ry h] legitimately by giv+ ?is =eign ma/] a sum /ill m consid]able ?an ! =m] "o2 n to d>e to cultivate "o's field on ! day ?is /rang] is incl9$ to celebrate ! memory ( "s unkn[n p]son :om he has *os5 to introduce into heav5 by 8 own sole au?ority2 su* are a "p only ( ! conv5i5ces & com=ts ( admitt+ ! jurisdiction ( a pope2 su*1 if we may believe ,m>sais1 are ! lib]ties ( ! ,gallican ,*ur*4 ,!re are "s o!r nations t c>ry _! submission fur!r4 ,we h1 9 our own "t1 actually kn[n a sov]eign reque/ p]mission ( ! pope to try 9 8 own c\rts c]ta9 monks accus$ ( p>ricide1 & able nei!r to obta9 ?is p]mission nor to v5ture on su* trial )\t x6 ,x is well kn[n t1 =m]ly1 ! p[] ( ! popes ext5d$ fur!r4 ,!y 7 f> above ! gods ( antiquity2 = ! latt] 7 m]ely suppos$ to dispose ( empires1 b ! popes dispos$ ( !m 9 fact4 ,/urb9us says1 t we may p>don ^? :o ent]ta9 d\bts ( ! div9ity & infallibility ( ! pope1 :5 we reflect3 t =ty s*isms h pr(an$ ! *air ( ,/4 ,pet]1 tw5ty-sev5 ( :i* h be5 m>k$ by blood2 t ,/eph5 ,,vii41 ! son ( a prie/1 dis9t]r$ ! corpse ( ,=mosus1 8 pr$ecessor1 & _h ! head ( x cut (f2 t ,s]gius ,,iii41 convict$ ( assass9ations1 _h a son by ,m>ozia1 :o inh]it$ ! pop$om2 t ,john ,x41 ! p>am\r ( ,!odora1 0 /rangl$ 9 h] b$2 t ,john ,,xi41 son ( ,s]gius ,,iii41 0 kn[n only by 8 gross intemp]ance2 t ,john ,,xii4 0 assass9at$ 9 ! ap>tm5ts ( 8 mi/ress2 t ,b5$ict ,,ix4 bo? b\ght & sold ! pontificate2 t ,gregory ,,vii4 0 ! au?or ( five hundr$ ye>s ( civil w>1 c>ri$ on by 8 successors2 t1 f9ally1 among s _m ambiti\s1 sangu9>y1 & debau*$ popes1 !re 0 an ,alex&] ,,vi41 ^: "n is pron\nc$ ) ! same horror z ^? ( ,n]o & ,caligula4 ,x is1 we are told1 a pro( ( ! div9ity ( _! "*1 t x has subsi/$ 9 connection ) s _m crimes2 b accord+ to ?is1 if ! caliphs _h display$ /ill m atroci\s & abom9able conduct1 !y w\ld h be5 /ill m div9e4 ,?is argum5t1 inf]r+ _! div9ity f _! wick$ness1 is urg$ by ,d]mius4 ,he has be5 prop]ly answ]$2 b ! be/ reply is to be f\nd 9 ! mitigat$ au?ority :i* ! bi%ops ( ,rome at pres5t ex]cise ) discretion2 9 ! long possession :i* ! emp]ors p]mit !m to enjoy1 because 9 fact !y are unable to deprive !m ( x2 & 9 ! sy/em ( ! balance ( p[]1 :i* is wat*$ ) jeal\sy by e c\rt 9 ,europe4 ,x has be5 cont5d$1 & v lately1 t !re are only two nations :i* c\ld invade ,italy & cru% ,rome4 ,^! are ! ,turks & ,russians2 b !y are necess>ily enemies2 &1 besides1 ,i _c di/9ctly anticipate mis=tunes s di/ant4 ,je ne sais po9t prvoir les malheurs de si lo94 --,,rac9e1 ,&roma*e1 act4 i1 sc5e #b4 ,,pet] ,,! ,,great ,,& ,j4,j4 ,,r\sseau4 ,! ,cz> ,pet] 444 _h n true g5ius--t :i* creates & makes all ( no?+4 ,"s ?+s :i* he did 7 good2 ! great] "p 7 misplac$4 ,he saw t 8 p 7 b>b>\s2 he has n se5 t !y 7 n prep>$ = poli%+2 he w\ld civilize !m :5 !y only want$ tra9+4 ,he wi%$ at once to make ,g]mans & ,engli% :5 he %\ld h comm5c$ by mak+ ,russians4 ,he prev5t$ 8 subjects f becom+ :at !y might be1 by p]suad+ !m t !y 7 :at !y are n4 ,x is ?us t a ,fr5* preceptor =ms 8 pupil to %9e = a mom5t 9 8 *ildhood1 & nev] aft]w>ds to be any?+4 ,! empire ( ,russia w\ld subjugate ,europe1 & w be subjugat$ itself4 ,! ,t>t>s1 its subjects or neighbors1 w become its ma/]s & ours4 ,?is revolution appe>s to me unavoidable3 all ! k+s ( ,europe labor toge!r to accel]ate x4 7,contrat ,social1 livre ii4 *ap4 viii47 ,^! words are extract$ f a pamphlet entitl$ ! ,contrat ,social1 or unsocial1 ( ! v unsociable ,jean ,jacques ,r\sseau4 ,x is n a/oni%+1 t hav+ p]=m$ miracles at ,v5ice he %\ld prophesy on ,mosc[2 b z he well kn[s t ! good "t ( miracles & prophecies has pass$ away1 he ought to believe1 t 8 pr$iction aga9/ ,russia is n s infallible z x appe>$ to him 9 8 fir/ fit ( div9ation4 ,x is pleasant to ann\nce ! fall ( great empires2 x consoles u = our littl5ess4 ,x w be a f9e ga9 = philosophy1 :5 we %all con/antly behold ! ,nogais ,t>t>s--:o c1 ,i believe1 br+ twelve ?\s& m5 into ! field--com+ to subjugate ,russia1 ,g]many1 ,italy1 & ,france4 ,b ,i flatt] myself1 t ! ,emp]or ( ,*9a w n suff] x2 he has already acc$$ to p]petual peace1 & z he has no m ,jesuits ab\t him1 he w n tr\ble ,europe4 ,jean ,jacques1 :o possesses1 z he himself believes1 true g5ius1 f9ds t ,pet] ! ,great _h x n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jean ,,jacques ,,r\sseau ,a ,russian "l1 a man ( mu* wit1 :o sometimes amuses himself ) read+ pamphlets1 :ile read+ ?is1 rememb]$ "s l9es ( ,molire1 imply+1 t ?ree mis]able au?ors took x into _! heads1 t x 0 only necess>y to be pr9t$ & b\nd 9 calf1 to become important p]sonages & dispose ( empires3 ,il semble trois gr$9s1 dans leur petit c]veau1 ,que p\r tre imprims et relis en veau1 ,les voil dans l'tat d'importantes p]sonnes1 ,qu'avec leur plume ils font le de/9 des c\ronnes4 ,! ,russians1 says ,jean ,jacques1 7 nev] poli%$4 ,i h se5 "s at lea/ v polite1 & :o _h j1 delicate1 agreeable1 cultivat$1 & ev5 logical m9ds1 :i* ,jean ,jacques w f9d v extraord9>y4 ,z he is v gallant1 he w n fail to say1 t !y are =m$ at ! c\rt ( ! empress ( ,russia1 t h] example has influ5c$ !m3 b t prev5ts n ! correctness ( 8 prophecy--t ?is empire w soon be de/roy$4 ,?is good little man assures u1 9 "o ( 8 mode/ works1 t a /atue %\ld be erect$ to him4 ,x w n probably be ei!r at ,mosc[ or ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 t anyone w tr\ble himself to sculpture ,jean ,jacques4 ,i wi%1 9 g5]al1 t :5 p judge ( nations f _! g>rets1 !y w\ld be m hone/ & circumspect4 ,e poor devil c say :at he pleases ( ! ,romans1 ,a!nians1 & anci5t ,p]sians4 ,he c deceive himself ) impunity on ! tribunes1 comitia1 & dictator%ips4 ,he c gov]n 9 idea two or ?ree ?\s& leagues ( c\ntry1 :il/ he is incapable ( gov]n+ 8 s]vant girl4 ,9 a romance1 he c receive an acrid kiss f 8 ,julia1 & advise a pr9ce to esp\se ! daught] ( a hangman4 ,^! are follies )\t consequ5ce--!re are o!rs :i* may h disa/r\s effects4 ,c\rt fools 7 v discreet2 !y insult$ ! weak alone by _! buffoon]ies1 & respect$ ! p[]ful3 c\ntry fools are at pres5t m bold4 ,x w be answ]$1 t ,diog5es & ,aret9 7 tol]at$4 ,grant$2 b a fly "o day see+ a swall[ w+ away ) a spid]'s web1 w\ld d ! same ?+1 & 0 tak54 ,,section ,,ii4 ,may we n say ( ^! legislators :o gov]n ! univ]se at two s\s ! %eet1 & :o f _! g>rets give ord]s to all k+s1 :at ,hom] said to ,cal*as83 ,os ede ta conta1 ta]e essom5a1 pro !onta4 ,he knew ! pa/1 pres5t1 & future4 ,x is a pity t ! au?or ( ! little p>agraph :i* we are go+ to quote1 knew no?+ ( ! ?ree times ( :i* ,hom] speaks4 ,pet] ! ,great1 says he1 _h n ! g5ius :i* makes all ( no?+4 ,truly1 ,jean ,jacques1 ,i c easily believe x2 = x is said t ,god alone has ?is pr]ogative4 ,he has n se5 t 8 p 7 n prep>$ = poli%+4 ,9 ?is case1 x 0 admirable ( ! cz> to prep>e !m4 ,x appe>s to me1 t x is ,jean ,jacques :o _h n se5 t he mu/ make use ( ! ,g]mans & ,engli% to =m ,russians4 ,he has prev5t$ 8 subjects f ev] becom+ :at !y might be1 etc4 ,yet ^! same ,russians h become ! conqu]ors ( ! ,turks & ,t>t>s1 ! conqu]ors & legislators ( ! ,crimea1 & tw5ty diff]5t nations4 ,_! sov]eign has giv5 laws to nations ( :i* ev5 ! names 7 unkn[n 9 ,europe4 ,z to ! prophecy ( ,jean ,jacques1 he may h exalt$ 8 s\l suffici5tly to read ! future4 ,he has all ! requisites ( a prophet2 b z to ! pa/ & ! pres5t1 x mu/ be confess$ t he kn[s no?+ ab\t !m4 ,i d\bt :e!r antiquity has any?+ comp>able to ! boldness ( s5d+ f\r squadrons f ! extremity ( ! ,baltic into ! seas ( ,greece--( reign+ at once ov] ! gean & ! ,eux9e ,seas--( c>ry+ t]ror into ,col*is1 & to ! ,d>danelles--( subjugat+ ,taurida1 & =c+ ! vizi] ,azem to fly f ! %ores ( ! ,danube to ! gates ( ,adrianople4 ,if ,jean ,jacques consid]s s _m great actions :i* a/oni%$ ! att5tive _w z no?+1 he mu/ at lea/ confess1 t !re 0 "s g5]osity 9 "o ,c\nt ,orl(f1 :o hav+ tak5 a vessel :i* conta9$ all ! family & treasures ( a pa%a1 s5t him back bo? 8 family & treasures4 ,if ! ,russians 7 n prep>$ = poli%+ 9 ! "t ( ,pet] ! ,great1 let u agree t !y are n[ prep>$ = greatness ( s\l2 & t ,jean ,jacques is n q prep>$ = tru? & reason+4 ,) reg>d to ! future1 we %all "k x :5 we h ,ezekiels1 ,isaiahs1 ,habakkuks1 & ,micahs2 b _! "t has pass$ away2 & if we d>e say s mu*1 x is to be fe>$ t x w nev] return4 ,i confess t ^! lies1 pr9t$ 9 relation to pres5t times1 always a/oni% me4 ,if ^! lib]ties are all[$ 9 an age 9 :i* a ?\s& volumes1 a ?\s& newspap]s & j\rnals1 are con/antly correct+ ea* o!r1 :at fai? c we h 9 ^? hi/ories ( anci5t times1 :i* collect$ all vague rumors )\t consult+ any ar*ives1 :i* put into writ+ all t !y _h he>d told by _! gr&mo!rs 9 _! *ildhood1 v sure t no critic w\ld discov] _! errors8 ,we _h = a long "t n9e muses3 :olesome criticism is ! t5?1 :i* has appe>$ v lately4 ,%e exi/$ n 9 ! "t ( ,cecrops1 ( ! fir/ ,bac*us1 or ( ,san*onia?on1 ,?aut1 ,bramah1 etc4 ,p !n wrote all !y lik$ ) impunity4 ,at pres5t we mu/ be a little m c>eful4 ,,philosoph]4 ,,section ,i4 ,philosoph]1 lov] ( wisdom1 t is1 ( tru?4 ,all philosoph]s h possess$ ?is two-fold "*2 !re is n "o among ^? ( antiquity :o did n give examples ( virtue to mank9d1 & lessons ( moral tru?4 ,!y might be mi/ak51 & und\bt$ly 7 s1 on subjects ( natural philosophy2 b t is ( comp>atively s little importance to ! conduct ( life1 t philosoph]s _h !n no ne$ ( x4 ,ages 7 requir$ to discov] a "p ( ! laws ( nature4 ,a s+le day is suffici5t to enable a sage to become acqua9t$ ) ! duties ( man4 ,! philosoph] is no en?usia/2 he does n set himself up = a prophet2 he does n repres5t himself z inspir$ by ! gods4 ,i %all n !re=e place 9 ! rank ( philosoph]s ! anci5t ,zoroa/]1 or ,h]mes1 or ,orpheus1 or any ( ^? legislators 9 :om ! c\ntries ( ,*alda1 ,p]sia1 ,syria1 ,egypt1 & ,greece made _! boa/4 ,^? :o call$ !mselves ! sons ( gods 7 ! fa!rs ( impo/ure2 & if !y employ$ falsehood to inculcate tru?s1 !y 7 unwor?y ( inculcat+ !m2 !y 7 n philosoph]s2 !y 7 at be/ only prud5t li>s4 ,by :at fatality1 disgraceful p]haps to ! nations ( ! ,we/1 has x happ5$ t we are oblig$ to travel to ! extremity ( ! ,ea/1 9 ord] to f9d a sage ( simple mann]s & "*1 )\t arrogance & )\t impo/ure1 :o taught m5 h[ to live happy six hundr$ ye>s be=e our era1 at a p]iod :5 ! :ole ( ! ,nor? 0 ignorant ( ! use ( lett]s1 & :5 ! ,greeks _h sc>cely begun to di/+ui% !mselves by wisdom8 ,t sage is ,confucius1 :o deem$ too highly ( 8 "* z a legislator = mank9d1 to /oop to deceive !m4 ,:at f9] rule ( conduct has ev] be5 giv5 s9ce 8 "t1 ?r\gh\t ! e>?8 ,rule a /ate z y rule a family2 a man _c gov]n 8 family well )\t giv+ a good example2 virtue %\ld be common to ! labor] & ! mon>*2 be active 9 prev5t+ crimes1 t y may less5 ! tr\ble ( puni%+ !m4 ,"u ! good k+s ,yao & ,xu1 ! ,*9ese 7 good2 "u ! bad k+s ,kie & ,*u1 !y 7 wick$4 ,d to ano!r z to ?yself2 love mank9d 9 g5]al1 b *]i% ^? :o are good2 =get injuries1 b nev] b5efits4 ,i h se5 m5 incapable ( ! sci5ces1 b nev] any incapable ( virtue4 ,let u ackn[l$ge t no legislator ev] ann\nc$ to ! _w m useful tru?s4 ,a multitude ( ,greek philosoph]s taught aft]w>ds a morality equally pure4 ,_h !y di/+ui%$ !mselves only by _! va9 sy/ems ( natural philosophy1 _! names w\ld be m5tion$ at ! pres5t day only 9 d]ision4 ,if !y are /ill respect$1 x is because !y 7 j1 & because !y taught mank9d to be s4 ,x is impossible to read c]ta9 passages ( ,plato1 & p>ticul>ly ! admirable exordium ( ! laws ( ,zaleucus1 )\t exp]i5c+ an ard5t love ( honorable & g5]\s actions4 ,! ,romans h _! ,cic]o :o alone is p]haps m valuable ?an all ! philosoph]s ( ,greece4 ,aft] him come m5 m respectable /ill1 b :om we may almo/ despair ( imitat+2 ^! are ,epictetus 9 slav]y1 & ! ,anton9es & ,julian ^u a ?rone4 ,:]e is ! citiz5 to be f\nd among u :o w\ld deprive himself1 l ,julian1 ,anton9us1 & ,m>cus ,aurelius1 ( all ! ref9$ accommodations ( our delicate & luxuri\s modes ( liv+8 ,:o w\ld1 l !m1 sleep on ! b>e gr\nd8 ,:o w\ld re/rict himself to _! frugal habits8 ,:o w\ld1 l !m1 m>* b>ehead$ & b>efoot$ at ! head ( ! armies1 expos$ sometimes to ! burn+ sun1 & at o!r times to ! freez+ bla/8 ,:o w\ld1 l !m1 keep p]fect ma/]y ( all 8 passions8 ,we h among u devotees1 b :]e are ! sages8 :]e are ! s\ls j & tol]ant1 s]5e & undaunt$8 ,!re h be5 "s philosoph]s ( ! closet 9 ,france2 & all ( !m1 ) ! exception ( ,montaigne1 h be5 p]secut$4 ,x seems to me ! la/ degree ( malignity t our nature c exhibit1 to attempt to oppress ^? :o devote _! be/ endeavors to correct & improve x4 ,i c easily conceive ( ! fanatics ( "o sect slaught]+ ^? ( ano!r sect2 t ! ,franciscans %\ld hate ! ,dom9icans1 & t a bad arti/ %\ld cabal & intrigue = ! de/ruction ( an arti/ t surpasses him2 b t ! sage ,*>ron %\ld h be5 m5ac$ ) ! loss ( life2 t ! le>n$ & noble-m9d$ ,ramus %\ld h be5 actually assass9at$2 t ,desc>tes %\ld h be5 oblig$ to )draw to ,holl& 9 ord] to escape ! rage ( ignorance2 t ,gass5di %\ld h be5 (t5 compell$ to retire to ,digne1 f> di/ant f ! calumnies ( ,p>is1 are ev5ts t load a nation ) et]nal opprobrium4 ,"o ( ! philosoph]s :o 7 mo/ p]secut$1 0 ! immortal ,bayle1 ! honor ( human nature4 ,i %all be told t ! "n ( ,jurieu1 8 sl&]] & p]secutor1 is become execrable2 ,i ackn[l$ge t x is s2 t ( ! ,jesuit ,letelli] is become s likewise2 b is x ! less true t ! great m5 :om he oppress$ end$ _! days 9 exile & p5ury8 ,"o ( ! pretexts made use ( = r$uc+ ,bayle to pov]ty1 0 8 article on ,david1 9 8 valuable diction>y4 ,he 0 reproa*$ ) n prais+ actions :i* 7 9 !mselves unju/1 sangu9>y1 atroci\s1 contr>y to good fai?1 or grossly (f5sive to dec5cy4 ,bayle c]ta9ly has n prais$ ,david = hav+1 accord+ to ! ,hebrew hi/orian1 collect$ six hundr$ vagabonds ov]:elm$ ) debts & crimes2 = hav+ pillag$ 8 c\ntrym5 at ! head ( ^! b&itti2 = hav+ resolv$ to de/roy ,nabal & 8 :ole family1 because he refus$ pay+ contributions to him2 = hav+ hir$ out 8 s]vices to ,k+ ,a*i%1 ! enemy ( 8 c\ntry2 = hav+ aft]w>ds betray$ ,a*i%1 not)/&+ 8 k9dness to him2 = hav+ sack$ ! villages 9 alliance ) t k+2 = hav+ massacr$ 9 ^! villages e human be+1 includ+ ev5 infants at ! brea/1 t no "o might be f\nd on a future day to give te/imony ( 8 depr$ations1 z if an infant c\ld h possibly disclos$ 8 villa9y2 = hav+ de/roy$ all ! inhabitants ( "s o!r villages "u saws1 & h>r[s1 & axes1 & 9 brick-kilns2 = hav+ wre/$ ! ?rone f ,i%bo%e?1 ! son ( ,saul1 by an act ( p]fidy2 = hav+ despoil$ ( 8 prop]ty & aft]w>ds put to dea? ,mephibo%e?1 ! gr&son ( ,saul1 & son ( 8 own peculi> fri5d & g5]\s protector1 ,jona?an2 or = hav+ deliv]$ up to ! ,gibeonites two o!r sons ( ,saul1 & five ( 8 gr&sons :o p]i%$ by ! gall[s4 ,i d n notice ! extreme incont95ce ( ,david1 8 num]\s concub9es1 8 adult]y ) ,ba?%eba1 or 8 murd] ( ,uriah4 ,:at !n6 is x possible t ! enemies ( ,bayle %\ld h expect$ or wi%$ him to eulogize all ^! cruelties & crimes8 ,ought he to h said3 ,g1 ye pr9ces ( ! e>?1 & imitate ! man aft] ,god's own he>t2 massacre )\t pity ! allies ( y\r b5efactor2 de/roy or deliv] ov] to de/ruction ! :ole family ( y\r k+2 appropriate to y\r own pleasures all ! wom51 :ile y are p\r+ out ! blood ( ! m52 & y w ?us exhibit models ( human virtue1 especially if1 9 addition to all ! re/1 y d b compose a book ( psalms8 ,0 n ,bayle p]fectly correct 9 8 obs]vation1 t if ,david 0 ! man aft] ,god's own he>t1 x mu/ h be5 by 8 p5it5ce1 & n by 8 crimes8 ,did n ,bayle p]=m a s]vice to ! human race :5 he said1 t ,god1 :o und\bt$ly dictat$ ! ,jewi% hi/ory1 has n consecrat$ all ! crimes record$ 9 t hi/ory8 ,h[ev]1 ,bayle 0 9 fact p]secut$1 & by :om8 ,by ! v m5 :o _h be5 else:]e p]secut$ !mselves2 by refugees :o 9 _! own c\ntry w\ld h be5 deliv]$ ov] to ! flames2 & ^! refugees 7 oppos$ by o!r refugees call$ ,jans5i/s1 :o _h be5 driv5 f _! own c\ntry by ! ,jesuits2 :o h at l5g? be5 !mselves driv5 f x 9 _! turn4 ,?us all ! p]secutors decl>e aga9/ ea* o!r mortal w>1 :ile ! philosoph]1 oppress$ by !m all1 cont5ts himself ) pity+ !m4 ,x is n g5]ally kn[n1 t ,font5elle1 9 #agah1 0 on ! po9t ( los+ 8 p5sions1 place1 & lib]ty1 = hav+ publi%$ 9 ,france1 tw5ty ye>s be=e1 :at may be call$ an abridgem5t ( ! le>n$ ,van ,dale's ,treatise on ,oracles1 9 :i* he _h tak5 p>ticul> c>e to retr5* & modify ! orig9al "w1 s z to give no unnecess>y (f5ce to fanaticism4 ,a ,jesuit _h writt5 aga9/ ,font5elle1 & he _h n deign$ to make him any reply2 & t 0 en\gh to induce ! ,jesuit ,letelli]1 confessor to ,l\is ,,xiv41 to accuse ,font5elle to ! k+ ( a!ism4 ,b = ! =tunate m$iation ( ,m4 d',arg5son1 ! son ( a =g+ solicitor ( ,vire--a son wor?y ( su* a fa!r1 z he 0 detect$ 9 =g]y himself--w\ld h proscrib$1 9 8 old age1 ! nephew ( ! great ,corneille4 ,x is s easy = a confessor to s$uce 8 p5it5t1 t we ought to bless ,god t ,letelli] did no m h>m ?an is ju/ly imput$ to him4 ,!re are two situations 9 :i* s$uction & calumny _c easily be resi/$--! b$ & ! confessional4 ,we h always se5 philosoph]s p]secut$ by fanatics4 ,b c x be really possible1 t m5 ( lett]s %\ld be se5 mix$ up 9 a bus9ess s odi\s2 & t !y %\ld (t5 be obs]v$ %>p5+ ! weapons aga9/ _! bre?r51 by :i* !y are !mselves almo/ univ]sally de/roy$ or w\nd$ 9 _! turn4 ,unhappy m5 ( lett]s1 does x become y to turn in=m]s8 ,did ! ,romans ev] f9d a ,g>asse1 a ,*aumeix1 or a ,hayet1 to accuse a ,lucretius1 a ,posidonius1 a ,v>ro1 or a ,pl9y8 ,h[ inexpressible is ! meanness ( be+ a hypocrite6 h[ horrible is x to be a mis*iev\s & malignant hypocrite6 ,!re 7 no hypocrites 9 anci5t ,rome1 :i* reckon$ u a small portion ( its innum]able subjects4 ,!re 7 impo/ors1 ,i admit1 b n religi\s hypocrites1 :i* are ! mo/ pr(ligate & cruel species ( all4 ,:y is x t we see none su* 9 ,engl&1 & :5ce does x arise t !re /ill are su* 9 ,france8 ,philosoph]s1 y w solve ?is problem ) ease4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,?is brilliant & beautiful "n has be5 sometimes honor$1 & sometimes disgrac$2 l t ( poet1 ma!matician1 monk1 prie/1 & ev]y?+ dep5d5t on op9ion4 ,domitian bani%$ ! philosoph]s1 & ,lucian d]id$ !m4 ,b :at sort ( philosoph]s & ma!maticians 7 !y :om ! mon/] ,domitian exil$8 ,!y 7 juggl]s ) _! cups & balls2 ! calculators ( horoscopes1 =tune-tell]s1 mis]able p$dl+ ,jews1 :o compos$ philtres & talismans2 g5try :o _h special & sov]eign p[] ov] evil spirits1 :o evok$ !m f _! inf]nal habitations1 made !m take possession ( ! bodies ( m5 & wom5 by c]ta9 words or signs1 & dislodg$ !m by o!r words or signs4 ,& :at 7 ! philosoph]s t ,lucian held up to public ridicule8 ,!y 7 ! dregs ( ! human race4 ,!y 7 a set ( pr(ligate begg>s incapable ( apply+ to any useful pr(ession or occupation2 m5 p]fectly resembl+ ! ,poor ,devil1 :o has be5 describ$ to u ) s mu* bo? ( tru? & humor2 m5 :o are undecid$ :e!r to we> a liv]y1 or to write ! almanac ( ! ,annus ,mirabilis1 ! m>vell\s ye>2 :e!r to "w on reviews1 or on roads2 :e!r to turn soldi]s or prie/s2 :o 9 ! meantime frequ5t ! c(fee-h\ses1 to give _! op9ion ^u ! la/ new piece1 ^u ,god1 ^u be+ 9 g5]al1 & ! v>i\s modes ( be+2 :o w !n borr[ y\r money1 & imm$iately g away & write a libel aga9/ y 9 conjunction ) ! b>ri/] ,m>*&1 or ! creature call$ ,*audon1 or ! equally despicable wret* call$ ,bonneval4 ,x 0 n f su* a s*ool t ! ,cic]os1 ! ,atticuses1 ! ,epictetuses1 ! ,trajans1 ,adrians1 ,anton9es1 & ,julians proce$$4 ,x 0 n su* a s*ool t =m$ a k+ ( ,prussia1 :o has compos$ z _m philosophical treatises z he has ga9$ battles1 & :o has levell$ ) ! du/ z _m prejudices z enemies4 ,a victori\s empress1 at ^: "n ! ,ottomans tremble1 & :o s glori\sly rules an empire m ext5sive ?an t ( ,rome1 w\ld nev] h be5 a great legi/ratrix1 _h %e n be5 a philosoph]4 ,e nor!rn pr9ce is s1 & ! ,nor? puts ! ,s\? to absolute %ame4 ,if ! conf$]ates ( ,pol& _h only a v small %>e ( philosophy1 !y w\ld n expose _! c\ntry1 _! e/ates1 & _! h\ses1 to pillage2 !y w\ld n dr5* _! t]ritory 9 blood2 !y w\ld n ob/9ately & wantonly r$uce !mselves to be+ ! mo/ mis]able ( mank9d2 !y w\ld li/5 to ! voice ( _! philosophic k+1 :o has giv5 s _m noble pro(s & s _m admirable lessons ( mod]ation & prud5ce 9 va94 ,! great ,julian 0 a philosoph] :5 he wrote to 8 m9i/]s & pontiffs 8 exquisite lett]s ab\nd+ 9 clem5cy & wisdom1 :i* all m5 ( judgm5t & feel+ highly admire1 ev5 at ! pres5t day1 h[ev] s9c]ely !y may condemn 8 errors4 ,con/ant9e 0 n a philosoph] :5 he assass9at$ 8 relations1 8 son & 8 wife1 & :51 reek+ ) ! blood ( 8 family1 he swore t ,god _h s5t to him ! ,lab>um 9 ! cl\ds4 ,x is a long b\nd t c>ries u f ,con/ant9e to ,*>les ,,ix41 & ,h5ry ,,iii41 k+s ( "o ( ! fifty great prov9ces ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,b if ^! k+s _h be5 philosoph]s1 "o w\ld n h be5 guilty ( ! massacre ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 & ! o!r w\ld n h made sc&al\s processions1 nor h be5 r$uc$ to ! necessity ( assass9at+ ! duke ( ,guise & ! c>d9al1 8 bro!r1 & at l5g? h be5 assass9at$ himself by a "y ,jacob91 = ! love ( ,god & ( ! holy *ur*4 ,if ,l\is ! ,j1 ! ?irte5? mon>* ( t "n1 _h be5 a philosoph]1 he w\ld n h p]mitt$ ! virtu\s de ,?\ & ! innoc5t ,m>%al de ,m>illac to h be5 dragg$ to ! scaffold2 he w\ld n h suff]$ 8 "m to p]i% ) hung] at ,cologne2 & 8 reign w\ld n h be5 an un9t]rupt$ succession ( inte/9e discords & calamities4 ,comp>e ) ^? pr9ces1 ?us ignorant1 sup]/iti\s1 cruel1 & enslav$ by _! own passions or ^? ( _! m9i/]s1 su* a man z ,montaigne1 or ,*>ron1 or ! ,*ancellor de l',hpital1 or ! hi/orian de ,?\1 or la ,mo! ,le ,vay]1 or a ,locke1 a ,%aftesbury1 a ,sidney1 or a ,h]b]t2 & say :e!r y w\ld r be gov]n$ by ^? sov]eigns or by ^! sages4 ,:5 ,i speak ( philosoph]s ,i d n mean ! co>se & brutal cynics :o appe> desir\s ( be+ apes ( ,diog5es1 b ! m5 :o imitate ,plato & ,cic]o4 ,z = y1 voluptu\s c\rti]s1 & y also1 m5 ( petty m9ds1 inve/$ ) a petty employm5t :i* conf]s on y a petty au?ority 9 a petty c\ntry1 :o uni=mly exclaim aga9/ & abuse philosophy1 proce$ z long z y please ) y\r invective rail+4 ,i consid] y z ! ,nom5tanuses inveigh+ aga9/ ,horace2 & ! ,cot9s attempt+ to cry d[n ,boileau4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,! /iff ,lu!ran1 ! savage ,calv9i/1 ! pr\d ,anglican high *ur*man1 ! fanatical ,jans5i/1 ! ,jesuit always aim+ at dom9ion1 ev5 9 exile & at ! v gall[s1 ! ,sorbonni/ :o deems himself "o ( ! fa!rs ( a c\ncil2 ^!1 & "s imbecile be+s "u _! respective guidance1 inveigh incessantly & bitt]ly aga9/ philosophy4 ,!y are all diff]5t species ( ! can9e race1 sn>l+ & h[l+ 9 _! peculi> ways aga9/ a beautiful horse t is pa/ur+ 9 a v]dant mead[1 & :o nev] ent]s into conte/ ) !m ab\t any ( ! c>rion c>casses ^u :i* !y fe$1 & = :i* !y are p]petually fight+ ) "o ano!r4 ,!y e day produce f ! press _! tra% ( philosophic !ology1 _! philosophico-!ological diction>ies2 _! old & batt]$ argum5ts1 z common z ! /reets1 :i* !y d5om9ate demon/rations2 & _! t5 ?\s& times repeat$ & ridicul\s ass]tions :i* !y call lemmas1 & coroll>ies2 z false co9]s cov] a lead cr[n ) a plat+ ( silv]4 ,!y p]ceive t !y are despis$ by all p]sons ( reflection1 & t !y c no long] deceive any b a few weak old wom54 ,?is /ate is f> m humiliat+ & mortify+ ?an ev5 be+ expell$ f ,france & ,spa9 & ,naples4 ,ev]y?+ c be support$ except contempt4 ,we are told t :5 ! devil 0 conqu]$ by ,raphael--z x is cle>ly prov$ he 0--t haughty comp\nd ( body & _s at fir/ easily consol$ himself ) ! idea ( ! *ances ( w>4 ,b :5 he und]/ood t ,raphael laugh$ at him1 he r\ndly swore t he w\ld nev] =give him4 ,accord+ly1 ! ,jesuits nev] =gave ,pascal2 accord+ly1 ,j]ieu w5t on calumniat+ ,bayle ev5 to ! grave2 & j 9 ! same mann] all ! ,t>tuffes1 all ! hypocrites1 9 ,molire's "t1 inveigh$ aga9/ t au?or to 8 dy+ day4 ,9 _! rage !y resort to calumnies1 z 9 _! folly !y publi% argum5ts4 ,"o ( ! mo/ det]m9$ sl&]]s1 z well z "o ( ! mo/ contemptible reason]s t we h among u1 is an ex-,jesuit ( ! "n ( ,paulian1 :o publi%$ a !ologico-philosophical rhapsody 9 ! city ( ,avignon1 =m]ly a papal city1 & p]haps de/9$ to be s aga94 ,?is p]son accuses ! au?ors ( ! ,encyclopdia ( hav+ said3 ,t z man is by 8 nature op5 only to ! pleasures ( ! s5ses1 ^! pleasures are consequ5tly ! sole objects ( 8 desires2 t man 9 himself has nei!r vice nor virtue1 nei!r good nor bad morals1 nei!r ju/ice nor inju/ice2 t ! pleasures ( ! s5ses produce all ! virtues2 t 9 ord] to be happy1 m5 mu/ ext+ui% remorse1 etc4 ,9 :at articles ( ! ,encyclopdia1 ( :i* five new editions h lately comm5c$1 are ^! horrible propositions to be f\nd8 ,y are b\nd actually to produce !m4 ,h y c>ri$ ! insol5ce ( y\r pride & ! madness ( y\r "* to su* an ext5t z to imag9e t y w be believ$ on y\r b>e ^w8 ,^! ridicul\s absurdities may be f\nd p]haps 9 ! works ( y\r own casui/s1 or ^? ( ! ,port] ( ! ,*>treux1 b !y are c]ta9ly n to be f\nd 9 ! articles ( ! ,encyclopdia compos$ by ,m4 ,did]ot1 ,m4 d',alemb]t1 ! *evali] ,jauc\rt1 or ,m4 de ,voltaire4 ,y h nev] se5 !m 9 ! articles ( ! ,c\nt de ,tressan1 nor 9 ^? ( ,messrs4 ,blondel1 ,b\*]-d',argis1 ,m>montel1 ,v5el1 ,tron*91 d',aub5ton1 d',arg5ville1 & v>i\s o!rs1 :o g5]\sly devot$ _! "t & labors to enri* ! ,encyclopdic ,diction>y1 & !reby conf]r$ an ev]la/+ b5efit on ,europe4 ,mo/ assur$ly1 n "o ( !m is *>geable ) ! abom9ations y impute to !m4 ,only y\rself1 & ,abraham ,*aumeix1 ! v9eg> m]*ant & crucifi$ convulsion>y1 c\ld be capable ( broa*+ s infam\s a calumny4 ,y conf\nd error ) tru?1 because y h n s5se suffici5t to di/+ui% betwe5 !m4 ,y wi% to /igmatize z impi\s ! maxim adopt$ by all publici/s1 ,t e man is free to *oose 8 c\ntry4 ,:at6 y contemptible prea*] ( slav]y1 0 n ,que5 ,*ri/9a free to travel to ,france & reside at ,rome8 ,7 n ,casimir & ,/anislaus au?oriz$ to end _! days 9 ,france8 ,0 x necess>y1 because !y 7 ,poles1 t !y %\ld die 9 ,pol&8 ,did ,goldoni1 ,vanloo1 & ,cass9i give (f5se to ,god by settl+ at ,p>is8 ,h all ! ,iri%1 :o h e/abli%$ !mselves 9 fame & =tune 9 ,france1 committ$ by s do+ a mortal s98 ,& y h ! /upidity to pr9t su* extravagance & absurdity z ?is1 & ,riballi] has /upidity en\gh to approve & sanction y2 & y range 9 "o & ! same class ,bayle1 ,montesquieu1 & ! madman de ,la ,mettrie2 & x may be add$1 y h f\nd ! ,fr5* nation too humane & indulg5t1 not)/&+ all y\r sl&] & malignity1 to deliv] y ov] to any?+ b scorn6 ,:at6 d y d>e to calumniate y\r c\ntry--if inde$ a ,jesuit c be said to h a c\ntry8 ,d y d>e to ass]t t philosoph]s alone 9 ,france attribute to *ance ! union & disunion ( ! atoms :i* con/itute ! s\l ( man8 ,m5tiris impud5tissime6 ,i defy y to produce a s+le book1 publi%$ )9 ! la/ ?irty ye>s1 9 :i* any?+ at all is attribut$ to *ance1 :i* is m]ely a ^w )\t a mean+4 ,d y d>e to accuse ! sagaci\s & judici\s ,locke ( hav+ said t x is possible ! s\l may be a _s1 b t he is n p]fectly sure x is s2 & t we are unable to decide :at x may be able or unable to acquire8 ,m5tiris impud5tissime6 ,locke1 ! truly respectable & v5]able ,locke1 says expressly1 9 8 answ] to ! cavill+ & sophi/ical ,/ill+-fleet1 ,i am /rongly p]suad$1 al?\gh x _c be %[n1 by m]e reason1 t ! s\l is immat]ial1 because ! v]acity ( ,god is a demon/ration ( ! tru? ( all t ,he has reveal$1 & ! abs5ce ( ano!r demon/ration c nev] ?r[ any d\bt ^u :at is already demon/rat$4 ,see1 moreov]1 "u ! article ,s\l1 h[ ,locke expresses himself on ! b\nds ( human k1 & ! imm5sity ( ! p[] ( ! ,supreme ,be+4 ,! great philosoph] ,bol+broke decl>es t ! op9ion opposite to ,locke's is blasphemy4 ,all ! fa!rs1 dur+ ! fir/ ?ree ages ( ! *ur*1 reg>d$ ! s\l z a light1 att5uat$ species ( matt]1 b did n ! less1 9 consequ5ce1 reg>d x z immortal4 ,b n[1 =soo?1 ev5 y\r college drudges consequ5tially put !mselves =w>d & d5\nce z a!i/s ^? :o1 ) ! fa!rs ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 ?9k t ,god is able to be/[ & to pres]ve ! immortality ( ! s\l1 :atev] may be ! sub/ance x consi/s (4 ,y c>ry y\r audacity s f> z to discov] a!ism 9 ! foll[+ words1 ,:o produces motion 9 nature8 ,god4 ,:o produces vegetation 9 plants8 ,god4 ,:o produces motion 9 animals8 ,god4 ,:o produces ?\ght 9 man8 ,god4 ,we _c s prop]ly say on ?is occasion1 ,m5tiris impud5tissime2 b we %\ld r say y impud5tly blaspheme ! tru?4 ,we conclude ) obs]v+ t ! h]o ( ! ex-,jesuit ,paulian is ! ex-,jesuit ,pat\illet1 ! au?or ( a bi%op's m&ate 9 :i* all ! p>liam5ts ( ! k+dom are insult$4 ,?is m&ate 0 burn$ by ! h&s ( ! execution]4 ,no?+ aft] ?is 0 want+ b = ! ex-,jesuit ,paulian to elevate ! ex-,jesuit ,nonnotte to be a fa!r ( ! *ur*1 & to canonize ! ,jesuits ,malagrida1 ,guign>d1 ,g>net1 & ,oldham1 & all o!r ,jesuits to :om ,god has grant$ ! grace ( be+ hang$ or qu>t]$2 !y 7 all ( !m great metaphysicians1 great philosophico-!ologians4 ,,section ,,iv4 ,p :o nev] ?9k frequ5tly inquire ( ^? :o d ?9k1 :at has be5 ! use ( philosophy8 ,to de/roy 9 ,engl& ! religi\s rage :i* br\ght ,*>les ,i4 to ! scaffold2 to deprive an ar*bi%op 9 ,sw$5 ( ! p[]1 ) a papal bull 9 8 h&1 ( %$d+ ! blood ( ! nobility2 to pres]ve 9 ,g]many religi\s peace1 by hold+ up !ological disputes to ridicule2 f9ally1 to ext+ui% 9 ,spa9 ! hide\s & dev\r+ flames ( ! ,inquisition4 ,gauls6 un=tunate ,gauls6 x prev5ts /ormy & facti\s times f produc+ among y a second ,fronde1 & a second ,dami5s4 ,prie/s ( ,rome6 x compels y to suppress y\r bull ,9 cna dom9i1 t monum5t ( impud5ce & /upidity4 ,nations6 x humanizes y\r mann]s4 ,k+s1 x gives y in/ruction6 ,,section ,v4 ,! philosoph] is ! lov] ( wisdom & tru?2 to be a sage is to avoid ! s5seless & ! deprav$4 ,! philosoph]1 !re=e1 %\ld live only among philosoph]s4 ,i w suppose t !re are /ill "s sages among ! ,jews2 if "o ( ^!1 :5 d9+ 9 company ) "s rabbis1 %\ld help himself to a plate ( eels or h>e1 or if he _c refra9 f a he>ty laugh at "s sup]/iti\s & ridicul\s obs]vations made by !m 9 ! c\rse ( conv]sation1 he is =ev] ru9$ 9 ! synagogue2 ! l rem>k may be made ( a ,mussulman1 a ,gueb]1 or a ,banian4 ,i "k x is cont5d$ by _m t ! sage %\ld nev] develop 8 op9ions to ! vulg>2 t he %\ld be a madman ) ! mad1 & fooli% among fools2 no "o1 h[ev]1 has yet v5tur$ to say t he %\ld be a knave among knaves4 ,b if x be requir$ t a sage %\ld always jo9 9 op9ion ) ! delud]s ( mank9d1 is n ?is cle>ly ! same z requir+ t he %\ld n be an hone/ man8 ,w\ld any "o require t a respectable physician %\ld always be ( ! same op9ion z *>latans8 ,! sage is a physician ( s\ls4 ,he ought to be/[ 8 rem$ies on ^? :o ask !m ( him1 & avoid ! company ( quacks1 :o w infallibly p]secute him4 ,if1 !re=e1 a madman ( ,asia ,m9or1 or a madman ( ,india1 says to ! sage3 ,my good fri5d1 ,i ?9k y d n believe 9 ! m>e ,borac1 or 9 ! metamorphoses ( ,vi%nu2 ,i w d5\nce y1 ,i w h9d] y f be+ bo/anji1 ,i w de/roy y\r cr$it2 ,i w p]secute y--! sage ought to pity him & be sil5t4 ,if ignorant p]sons1 b at ! same "t p]sons ( good und]/&+ & dispositions1 & will+ to receive in/ruction1 %\ld ask him3 ,are we b\nd to believe t ! di/ance betwe5 ! moon & ,v5us is only five hundr$ leagues1 & t betwe5 ,m]cury & ! sun ! same1 z ! pr9cipal fa!rs ( ! ,mussulman religion insi/1 9 opposition to all ! mo/ le>n$ a/ronom]s8--! sage may reply to !m t ! fa!rs may possibly be mi/ak54 ,he %\ld at all times inculcate ^u !m t a hundr$ ab/ract dogmas are n ( ! value ( a s+le good action1 & t x is bett] to relieve "o individual 9 di/ress ?an to be pr(\ndly acqua9t$ ) ! aboli%+ & aboli%$4 ,:5 a ru/ic sees a s]p5t ready to d>t at him1 he w kill x2 :5 a sage p]ceives a bigot & a fanatic1 :at w he d8 ,he w prev5t !m f bit+4 ,,philosophy4 ,,section ,i4 ,write filosophy or philosophy z y please1 b agree t z soon z x appe>s x is p]secut$4 ,dogs to :om y pres5t an alim5t = :i* !y h no ta/e1 bite y4 ,y w say t ,i repeat myself2 b we mu/ a hundr$ times rem9d mank9d t ! holy conclave condemn$ ,galileo2 & t ! p$ants :o decl>$ all ! good citiz5s excommunicat$ :o %\ld submit to ! great ,h5ry ,,iv41 7 ! same :o condemn$ ! only tru?s :i* c\ld be f\nd 9 ! works ( ,desc>tes4 ,all ! spaniels ( ! !ological k5nel b>k at "o ano!r1 & all toge!r at de ,?\1 la ,mo!1 ,le ,vay]1 & ,bayle4 ,:at nons5se has be5 writt5 by little ,celtic s*ol>s aga9/ ! wise ,locke6 ,^! ,celts say t ,cs>1 ,cic]o1 ,s5eca1 ,pl9y1 & ,m>cus ,aurelius1 might be philosoph]s1 b t philosophy is n p]mitt$ among ! ,celts4 ,we answ] t x is p]mitt$ & v useful among ! ,fr5*2 t no?+ has done m good to ! ,engli%2 & t x is "t to ext]m9ate b>b>ity4 ,y reply t t w nev] come to pass4 ,no2 ) ! un9=m$ & fooli% x w n2 b ) hone/ p ! affair is soon conclud$4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,"o ( ! great mis=tunes1 z also "o ( ! great follies1 ( mank9d1 is t 9 all c\ntries :i* we call poli%$1 except1 p]haps1 ,*9a1 prie/s conc]n !mselves ) :at belongs only to philosoph]s4 ,^! prie/s int]f]$ ) regulat+ ! ye>2 x 01 !y say1 _! "r2 = x 0 necess>y t ! p %\ld "k _! holy days4 ,?us ! ,*aldan1 ,egyptian1 ,greek1 & ,roman prie/s1 believ$ !mselves ma!maticians & a/ronom]s2 b :at ma!matics & a/ronomy6 ,:oev] makes a trade ( quack]y _c h a j & enlight5$ m9d4 ,!y 7 a/rolog]s1 & nev] a/ronom]s4 ,! ,greek prie/s !mselves fir/ made ! ye> to consi/ only ( ?ree hundr$ & sixty days4 ,_! geometricians mu/ h in=m$ !m t !y 7 deceiv$ by five days & m4 ,!y1 !re=e1 correct$ _! ye>4 ,o!r geometricians fur!r %[$ !m t !y 7 deceiv$ by six h\rs4 ,iphitus oblig$ !m to *ange _! ,greek almanac4 ,!y add$ "o day 9 f\r ye>s to _! faulty ye>2 ,iphitus celebrat$ ?is *ange by ! in/itution ( ! ,olympiads4 ,!y 7 f9ally oblig$ to h rec\rse to ! philosoph] ,meton1 :o1 comb9+ ! ye> ( ! moon ) t ( ! sun1 compos$ 8 cycle ( n9ete5 ye>s1 at ! end ( :i* ! sun & moon return$ to ! same po9t )9 an h\r & a half4 ,?is cycle 0 grav5 9 gold 9 ! public place ( ,a!ns2 & x is ( ?is fam\s gold5 numb] t we /ill make use1 ) ! necess>y corrections4 ,we well "k :at ridicul\s confusion ! ,roman prie/s introduc$ 9 _! computation ( ! ye>4 ,_! blund]s 7 s great t _! summ] holidays arriv$ 9 w9t]4 ,cs>1 ! univ]sal ,cs>1 0 oblig$ to br+ ! philosoph] ,sosig5es f ,alex&ria to repair ! enorm\s errors ( ! pontiffs4 ,:5 x 0 necess>y to correct ! cal5d> ( ,julius ,cs>1 "u ! pontificate ( ,gregory ,,xiii41 to :om did !y address !mselves8 ,0 x to "s inquisitor8 ,x 0 to a philosoph] & physician nam$ ,lilio4 ,:5 ! almanac 0 giv5 to ,pr(essor ,cog1 rector ( ! univ]sity1 to compose1 he knew n ev5 ! subject4 ,!y 7 oblig$ to apply to ,m4 de ,lal&e1 ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 :o 0 burd5$ ) ?is v pa9ful task1 too poorly recomp5s$4 ,! rhetorician ,cog1 !re=e1 made a great mi/ake :5 he propos$ = ! prize ( ! univ]sity ?is subject s /rangely express$3 ,non magis ,deo quam regibus inf5sa e/ i/a qu vocatur hodie philosophia4--,t :i* we n[ call philosophy1 is n m ! enemy ( ,god ?an ( k+s4 ,he w\ld say less ! enemy4 ,he has tak5 magis = m9us4 ,& ! poor man ought to "k t our academies are n enemies ei!r to ! k+ or ,god4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,if philosophy has done s mu* honor to ,france 9 ! ,encyclopdia1 x mu/ also be confess$ t ! ignorance & envy :i* h d>$ to condemn ?is "w w\ld h cov]$ ,france ) opprobrium1 if twelve or fifte5 convulsion>ies1 :o =m$ a cabal1 c\ld be reg>d$ z ! organs ( ,france2 !y 7 really only ! m9i/]s ( fanaticism & s$ition2 ^? :o =c$ ! k+ to dissolve ! body :i* !y _h s$uc$4 ,_! fanatical cr$ulity = convulsions & ! mis]able impo/ures ( ,/4 ,md>d1 0 s /rong1 t !y oblig$ a magi/rate1 else:]e wise & respectable1 to say 9 full p>liam5t t ! miracles ( ! ,ca?olic *ur* always exi/$4 ,by ^! miracles1 we c only und]/& ^? ( convulsions1 = assur$ly x nev] p]=m$ any o!rs2 at lea/1 if we believe n 9 ! little *ildr5 resuscitat$ by ,/4 ,ovid4 ,! "t ( miracles is pass$2 ! triumphant *ur* has no long] occasion = !m4 ,s]i\sly1 0 !re "o ( ! p]secutors ( ! ,encyclopdia :o und]/ood "o ^w ( ! articles ,a/ronomy1 ,dynamics1 ,geometry1 ,metaphysics1 ,botany1 ,m$ic9e1 or ,anatomy1 ( :i* ?is book1 become s necess>y1 treats 9 e volume4 ,:at a cr[d ( absurd imputations & gross calumnies h !y accumulat$ aga9/ ?is treasure ( all ! sci5ces6 ,!y %\ld be repr9t$ at ! end ( ! ,encyclopdia1 to et]nize _! %ame4 ,see :at x is to judge a "w :i* !y 7 n ev5 fit to /udy4 ,! fools6 !y h exclaim$ t philosophy ru9$ ,ca?olicism4 ,:at1 !n1 9 tw5ty millions ( p1 has "o be5 f\nd :o has vex$ ! lea/ (fic] ( ! p>i%6 "o :o has fail$ 9 respect to ! *ur*es6 "o :o has publicly pr(f]$ aga9/ our c]emonies a s+le ^w :i* approa*$ ! virul5ce ) :i* ^! rail]s h express$ !mselves aga9/ ! regal au?ority6 ,let u repeat t philosophy nev] did evil to ! /ate1 & t fanaticism1 jo9$ to ! esprit du corps1 has done mu* 9 all times4 ,,section ,,iv4 ,sub/ance ,( ,anci5t ,philosophy4 ,i h consum$ ab\t =ty ye>s ( my pilgrimage 9 two or ?ree corn]s ( ! _w1 seek+ ! philosoph]'s /one call$ tru?4 ,i h consult$ all ! adepts ( antiquity1 ,epicurus & ,augu/9e1 ,plato & ,malebran*e1 & ,i /ill rema9 9 ignorance4 ,9 all ! crucibles ( philosoph]s1 !re are p]haps two or ?ree ounces ( gold1 b all ! re/ is caput mortuum1 insipid mire1 f :i* no?+ c be extract$4 ,x seems to me t ! ,greeks1 our ma/]s1 wrote mu* m to %[ _! intellect1 ?an !y made use ( _! intellect to in/ruct !mselves4 ,i see n a s+le au?or ( antiquity :o has a consi/5t1 me?odical1 cle> sy/em1 go+ f consequ5ce to consequ5ce4 ,all t ,i h be5 able to obta9 by comp>+ & comb9+ ! sy/ems ( ,plato1 ( ! tutor ( ,alex&]1 ,py?agoras1 & ! ,ori5tals1 is ?is3 ,*ance is a ^w void ( s5se2 no?+ c exi/ )\t a cause4 ,! _w is arrang$ accord+ to ma!matical laws2 !re=e1 x is arrang$ by an intellig5ce4 ,x is n an intellig5t be+ l myself :o presid$ at ! =mation ( ! _w2 = ,i _c =m a mis]able worm2 !re=e1 ! _w is ! "w ( an intellig5ce prodigi\sly sup]ior4 ,does ?is be+1 :o possesses intellig5ce & p[] 9 s high a degree1 necess>ily exi/8 ,x mu/ be s1 = he mu/ ei!r h receiv$ be+ f ano!r1 or ?r\gh 8 own nature4 ,if he has receiv$ 8 be+ f ano!r1 :i* is v difficult to conceive1 ,i mu/ look up to ?is o!r1 :i* w 9 t case be ! fir/ cause4 ,on :i*ev] side ,i turn1 ,i mu/ admit a fir/ cause1 p[]ful & intellig5t1 :o by 8 own nature is necess>ily s4 ,has ?is fir/ cause creat$ ?+s out ( no?+8 ,we _c conceive t to create out ( no?+ is to *ange no?+ into some?+4 ,i _c admit su* a creation1 at lea/ until ,i f9d inv9cible reasons :i* =ce me to admit :at my m9d c nev] compreh5d4 ,all t exi/s appe>s to exi/ necess>ily1 s9ce x exi/s2 = if to-day !re is a reason = ! exi/5ce ( ?+s1 !re 0 "o ye/]day2 !re has be5 "o 9 all times2 & ?is cause mu/ always h _h its effect1 )\t :i* x w\ld h be5 a useless cause dur+ et]nity4 ,b h[ c ?+s h always exi/$1 be+ visibly "u ! h& ( ! fir/ cause8 ,?is p[] mu/ always h act$ 9 l mann]4 ,!re is no sun )\t light1 !re is no motion )\t a be+ pass+ f "o po9t ( space to ano!r4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 a p[]ful & intellig5t be+ :o has always act$2 & if ?is be+ _h n act$1 ( :at use to him w\ld h be5 8 exi/5ce8 ,all ?+s are1 !re=e1 emanations f ?is fir/ cause4 ,b h[ c we imag9e t /one & clay may be emanations ( ! et]nal1 intellig5t1 & puissant be+8 ,( two ?+s1 "o mu/ be2 ei!r t ! matt] ( ?is /one & m9e necess>ily exi/s ( itself1 or t x exi/s necess>ily by ?is fir/ cause2 !re is no m$ium4 ,?us1 !re=e1 !re are b two p>ts to take2 ei!r to admit matt] et]nal ( itself1 or matt] et]nally proce$+ f a p[]ful1 intellig5t1 et]nal be+4 ,b exi/+ ( its own nature1 or emanat+ f a produc+ be+1 x exi/s f all et]nity1 because x exi/s2 & !re is no reason t x might n h always exi/$4 ,if matt] is et]nally necess>y1 x is 9 consequ5ce impossible--x is contradictory1 t x %\ld n exi/2 b :at man c assure y t x is impossible1 t x is contradictory1 t ?is fly & ?is fl9t h n always exi/$8 ,we are1 h[ev]1 oblig$ to swall[ ?is difficulty1 :i* m a/oni%es ! imag9ation ?an contradicts ! pr9ciples ( reason+4 ,inde$1 z soon z we h conceiv$ t all has emanat$ f ! supreme & intellig5t be+2 t no?+ has emanat$ f him )\t reason2 t ?is be+1 always exi/+1 mu/ always h act$2 t1 consequ5tly1 all ?+s mu/ h et]nally proce$$ f ! bosom ( 8 exi/5ce--we %\ld no m be det]r$ f believ+ ! matt] ( :i* ?is fly & fl9t are =m$ is et]nal1 ?an we are det]r$ f conceiv+ light to be an emanation ( ! all-p[]ful be+4 ,s9ce ,i am an ext5d$ & ?9k+ be+1 my ext5t & ?\ght are ! necess>y productions ( ?is be+4 ,x is evid5t to me t ,i _c give myself ext5t or ?\ght4 ,i h1 !re=e1 receiv$ bo? f ?is necess>y be+4 ,c he h giv5 me :at he has n8 ,i h intellig5ce2 ,i am 9 space2 !re=e1 he is intellig5t & is 9 space4 ,to say t ! ,et]nal ,be+1 ! ,all-,p[]ful ,god1 has f all "t necess>ily fill$ ! univ]se ) ,8 productions1 is n tak+ f ,him ,8 free-w2 b on ! contr>y1 = free-w is b ! p[] ( act+4 ,god has always fully act$2 !re=e ,god has always us$ ! pl5itude ( ,8 lib]ty4 ,! lib]ty :i* we call indiff]5ce is a ^w )\t an idea--an absurdity2 = ?is w\ld be to det]m9e )\t reason2 x w\ld be an effect )\t a cause4 ,!re=e ,god _c h ?is pret5d$ free-w1 :i* is a contradiction 9 t]ms4 ,he has1 !re=e1 always act$ by ! same necessity :i* causes ,8 exi/5ce4 ,x is1 !re=e1 impossible = ! _w to exi/ )\t ,god2 x is impossible = ,god to exi/ )\t ! _w4 ,?is _w is fill$ ) be+s :o succe$ ea* o!r2 !re=e1 ,god has always produc$ be+s 9 succession4 ,^! prelim9>y ass]tions are ! basis ( ! anci5t ea/]n philosophy1 & ( t ( ! ,greeks4 ,we mu/ except ,democritus & ,epicurus1 ^: corpuscul> philosophy has combat$ ^! dogmas4 ,b let u rem>k t ! ,epicureans 7 f\nd$ on an entirely errone\s philosophy1 & t ! metaphysical sy/em ( all ! o!r philosophy subsi/$ ) all ! physical sy/ems4 ,all nature1 except ! void1 contradicts ,epicurus1 & no ph5om5on contradicts ! philosophy :i* ,i expla94 ,n[1 a philosophy :i* agrees ) all :i* passes 9 nature1 & :i* cont5ts ! mo/ att5tive m9d1 is x n sup]ior to all o!r unreveal$ sy/ems8 ,aft] ! ass]tions ( ! mo/ anci5t philosoph]s1 :i* ,i h approa*$ z ne>ly z possible1 :at rema9s to u8 ,a *aos ( d\bts & *im]as4 ,i believe t !re nev] 0 a philosoph] ( a sy/em :o did n confess at ! end ( 8 life t he _h lo/ 8 "t4 ,x mu/ be confess$ t ! inv5tors ( ! me*anical arts h be5 mu* m useful to m5 ?an ! inv5tors ( syllogisms4 ,he :o imag9$ a %ip1 t[]s mu* above him :o imag9$ innate ideas4 ,,physicians4 ,regim5 is sup]ior to m$ic9e1 especially z1 f "t immemorial1 out ( e hundr$ physicians1 n9ety-eight are *>latans4 ,molire 0 "r 9 laugh+ at !m2 = no?+ is m ridicul\s ?an to witness an inf9ite numb] ( silly wom51 & m5 no less ?an wom51 :5 !y h eat51 drunk1 sport$1 or ab/a9$ f repose too mu*1 call 9 a physician = ! heada*e1 invoke him l a god1 & reque/ him to "w ! miracle ( produc+ an alliance betwe5 heal? & intemp]ance1 n omitt+ to fee ! said god1 :o laughs at _! folly4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 ! less true t an able physician may pres]ve life on a hundr$ occasions1 & re/ore to u ! use ( our limbs4 ,:5 a man falls into an apoplexy1 x is nei!r a capta9 ( infantry nor a s]geant at law :o w cure him4 ,if cat>acts are =m$ on my eyes1 x is n my neighbor :o w relieve me4 ,i di/+ui% n betwe5 physicians & surgeons1 ^! pr(essions be+ s intimately connect$4 ,m5 :o are occupi$ 9 ! re/oration ( heal? to o!r m51 by ! jo9t ex]tion ( skill & humanity1 are above all ! great ( ! e>?4 ,!y ev5 p>take ( div9ity1 s9ce to pres]ve & r5ew is almo/ z noble z to create4 ,! ,roman p _h no physicians = m ?an five hundr$ ye>s4 ,?is p1 ^: sole occupation 0 slaught]1 9 p>ticul> cultivat$ n ! art ( prolong+ life4 ,:at1 !re=e1 happ5$ at ,rome to ^? :o _h a putrid fev]1 a fi/ula1 a gangr5e1 or an inflammation ( ! /oma*8 ,!y di$4 ,! small numb] ( great physicians introduc$ into ,rome 7 only slaves4 ,a physician among ! great ,roman patricians 0 a species ( luxury1 l a cook4 ,e ri* man _h 8 p]fum]s1 8 ba!rs1 8 h>p]s1 & 8 physician4 ,! celebrat$ ,musa1 ! physician ( ,augu/us1 0 a slave2 he 0 fre$ & made a ,roman knight2 aft] :i* physicians became p]sons ( consid]ation4 ,:5 ,*ri/ianity 0 s fully e/abli%$ z to be/[ on u ! felicity ( possess+ monks1 !y 7 expressly =bidd51 by _m c\ncils1 f practis+ m$ic9e4 ,!y %\ld h prescrib$ a precisely contr>y l9e ( conduct1 if x 7 desirable to r5d] !m useful to mank9d4 ,h[ b5eficial to society 7 monks oblig$ to /udy m$ic9e & to cure our ailm5ts = ,god's sake6 ,hav+ no?+ to ga9 b heav51 !y w\ld nev] be *>latans2 !y w\ld equally in/ruct !mselves 9 our diseases & _! rem$ies1 "o ( ! f9e/ ( occupations1 & ! only "o =bidd5 !m4 ,x has be5 object$ t !y w\ld poison ! impi\s2 b ev5 t w\ld be advantage\s to ! *ur*4 ,_h ?is be5 ! case1 ,lu!r w\ld nev] h /ol5 "o-half ( ,ca?olic ,europe f our holy fa!r1 ! pope2 = 9 ! fir/ fev] :i* might h seiz$ ! ,augu/9e ,lu!r1 a ,dom9ican w\ld h prep>$ 8 pills4 ,y w tell me t he w\ld n h tak5 !m2 b ) a little address ?is might h be5 manag$4 ,b to proce$3 ,t[>ds ! ye> #aeag liv$ a citiz51 animat$ ) a ,*ri/ian zeal1 nam$ ,john2 ,i d n mean ,john ,calv91 b ,john1 surnam$ ( ,god1 :o in/itut$ ! ,bro!rs ( ,*>ity4 ,?is body1 in/itut$ = ! r$emption ( captives1 is compos$ ( ! only useful monks1 al?\gh n acc\nt$ among ! ord]s4 ,! ,dom9icans1 ,b]n>d9es1 ,norb]t9s1 & ,b5$ict9es1 ackn[l$ge n ! ,bro!rs ( ,*>ity4 ,!y are simply adv]t$ to 9 ! cont9uation ( ! ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory ( ,fleury4 ,:y8 ,because !y h p]=m$ cures in/ead ( miracles--h be5 useful & n caball$--cur$ poor wom5 )\t ei!r direct+ or s$uc+ !m4 ,la/ly1 _! in/itution be+ *>itable1 x is prop] t o!r monks %\ld despise !m4 ,m$ic9e1 hav+ !n become a m]c5>y pr(ession 9 ! _w1 z ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice is 9 _m places1 x has become liable to /range abuses4 ,b no?+ is m e/imable ?an a physician :o1 hav+ /udi$ nature f 8 y\?1 kn[s ! prop]ties ( ! human body1 ! diseases :i* assail x1 ! rem$ies :i* w b5efit x1 ex]cises 8 art ) caution1 & pays equal att5tion to ! ri* & ! poor4 ,su* a man is v sup]ior to ! g5]al ( ! ,capu*9s1 h[ev] respectable ?is g5]al may be4 ,,pirates ,,or ,,buccane]s4 ,9 ! "t ( ,c>d9al ,ri*elieu1 :5 ! ,spani>ds & ,fr5* dete/$ ea* o!r1 because ,f]d9& ! ,ca?olic laugh$ at ,l\is ,,xii41 & ,francis ,i4 0 tak5 at ! battle ( ,pavia by an army ( ,*>les ,v4--:ile ?is hatr$ 0 s /rong t ! false au?or ( ! political romance1 & political piece ( t$i\sness1 call$ ! ,political ,te/am5t ( ,c>d9al ,ri*elieu1 fe>$ n to call ! ,spani>ds an insatiable nation1 :o r5d]$ ! ,indies tribut>ies ( hell2 :51 9 %ort1 we 7 leagu$ 9 #afce ) ,holl& aga9/ ,spa92 :5 ,france _h no?+ 9 ,am]ica1 & ! ,spani>ds cov]$ ! seas ) _! galleys--!n buccane]s began to appe>4 ,!y 7 at fir/ ,fr5* adv5tur]s1 ^: quality 0 at mo/ t ( corsairs4 ,"o ( !m1 nam$ ,legr&e1 a native ( ,dieppe1 associat$ himself ) fifty det]m9$ m51 & w5t to tempt =tune 9 a b>k :i* _h n ev5 a cannon4 ,t[>ds ! ,isle ( ,hispaniola 7,/4 ,dom+o71 he p]ceiv$ a galley /ray$ f ! great ,spani% fleet2 he approa*$ x z a capta9 wi%+ to sell provisions2 he m\nt$1 att5d$ by 8 p2 he ent]$ ! *amb] ( ! capta91 :o 0 play+ at c>ds1 ?rew him d[n1 made him prison] ) 8 c>go1 & return$ to ,dieppe ) 8 vessel lad5 ) imm5se ri*es4 ,?is adv5ture 0 ! signal = =ty ye>s' unhe>d-( exploits4 ,fr5*1 ,engli%1 & ,dut* buccane]s associat$ toge!r 9 ! cav]ns ( ,/4 ,dom+o1 ( ! little isl&s ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph] & ,tortola4 ,!y *ose a *ief = ea* exp$ition1 :i* 0 ! fir/ orig9 ( k+s4 ,agriculturi/s w\ld nev] h wi%$ = a k+2 !y _h no ne$ ( "o to s[1 ?ra%1 & sell corn4 ,:5 ! buccane]s took a great prize1 !y b\ght ) x a little vessel & cannon4 ,"o happy *ance produc$ tw5ty o!rs4 ,if !y 7 a hundr$ 9 numb] !y 7 believ$ to be a ?\s&2 x 0 difficult to escape !m1 /ill m s to foll[ !m4 ,!y 7 birds ( prey :o e/abli%$ !mselves on all sides1 & :o retir$ into inaccessible places2 sometimes !y ravag$ f f\r to five hundr$ leagues ( coa/2 sometimes !y advanc$ on foot1 or horseback1 two hundr$ leagues up ! c\ntries4 ,!y surpris$ & pillag$ ! ri* t[ns ( ,*agra1 ,m>acaybo1 ,v]a ,cruz1 ,panama1 ,porto ,rico1 ,campea*y1 ! isl& ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 & ! suburbs ( ,c>tag5a4 ,"o ( ^! pirates1 nam$ ,olonois1 p5etrat$ to ! gates ( ,havana1 foll[$ by tw5ty m5 only4 ,hav+ aft]w>ds retir$ into 8 boat1 ! gov]nor s5t aga9/ him a %ip ( w> ) soldi]s & an execution]4 ,olonois r5d]$ himself ma/] ( ! vessel1 cut (f ! heads ( ! ,spani% soldi]s1 :om he _h tak5 himself1 & s5t back ! execution] to ! gov]nor4 ,su* a/oni%+ actions 7 nev] p]=m$ by ! ,romans1 or by o!r robb]s4 ,! w>like voyage ( ,admiral ,anson r\nd ! _w is only an agreeable prom5ade 9 comp>ison ) ! passage ( ! buccane]s 9 ! ,s\? ,sea1 & ) :at !y endur$ on t]ra firma4 ,_h _! policy be5 equal to _! inv9cible c\rage1 !y w\ld h f\nd$ a great empire 9 ,am]ica4 ,!y want$ females2 b in/ead ( ravi%+ & m>ry+ ,sab9es1 l ! ,romans1 !y procur$ !m f ! bro!ls ( ,p>is1 :i* suffic$ n to produce a second g5]ation4 ,!y 7 m cruel t[>ds ! ,spani>ds ?an ! ,israelites ev] 7 to ! ,canaanites4 ,a ,dut*man is spok5 (1 nam$ ,roc1 :o put sev]al ,spani>ds on a spit & caus$ !m to be eat5 by 8 comrades4 ,_! exp$itions 7 t\rs ( ?ieves1 & nev] campaigns ( conqu]ors2 ?us1 9 all ! ,we/ ,indies1 !y 7 nev] call$ any?+ b los ladrones4 ,:5 !y surpris$ & ent]$ ! h\se ( a fa!r ( a family1 !y put him to ! torture to discov] 8 treasures4 ,t suffici5tly proves :at we say 9 ! article ,"q1 t torture 0 inv5t$ by robb]s4 ,:at r5d]$ _! exploits useless 01 t !y lavi%$ 9 debau*es1 z fooli% z mon/r\s1 all t !y acquir$ by rap9e & murd]4 ,f9ally1 !re rema9s no?+ m ( !m ?an _! "n1 & sc>cely t4 ,su* 7 ! buccane]s4 ,b :at p 9 ,europe h n be5 pirates8 ,! ,go?s1 ,alans1 ,v&als1 & ,huns1 7 !y any?+ else8 ,:at 7 ,rollo1 :o e/abli%$ himself 9 ,norm&y1 & ,william ,fi]-a-bras1 b ! mo/ able pirates8 ,0 n ,clovis a pirate1 :o came f ! bord]s ( ! ,rh9e into ,gaul8 ,,plagi>ism4 ,x is said t ?is ^w is d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 ^w plaga1 & t x signifies ! condemnation to ! sc\rge ( ^? :o sold freem5 = slaves4 ,?is has no?+ 9 common ) ! plagi>ism ( au?ors1 :o sell n m5 ei!r enslav$ or free4 ,!y only = a little money occasionally sell !mselves4 ,:5 an au?or sells ! ?\ghts ( ano!r man = 8 own1 ! l>c5y is call$ plagi>ism4 ,all ! mak]s ( diction>ies1 all compil]s :o d no?+ else ?an repeat backw>ds & =w>ds ! op9ions1 ! errors1 ! impo/ures1 & ! tru?s already pr9t$1 we may t]m plagi>i/s1 b hone/ plagi>i/s1 :o arrogate n ! m]it ( inv5tion4 ,!y pret5d n ev5 to h collect$ f ! anci5ts ! mat]ials :i* !y get toge!r2 !y only copy ! labori\s compil]s ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,!y w sell y 9 qu>to t :i* already exi/s 9 folio4 ,call !m if y please bookmak]s1 n au?ors2 range !m r among second-h& deal]s ?an plagi>i/s4 ,! true plagi>i/ is he :o gives ! works ( ano!r = 8 own1 :o ins]ts 9 8 rhapsodies long passages f a good book a little modifi$4 ,! enlight5$ read]1 see+ ?is pat* ( clo? ( gold ^u a blanket1 soon detects ! bungl+ purlo9]4 ,ramsay1 :o aft] hav+ be5 a ,presbyt]ian 9 8 native ,scotl&1 an ,anglican 9 ,london1 !n a ,quak]1 & :o f9ally p]suad$ ,fnelon t he 0 a ,ca?olic1 & ev5 pret5d$ a p5*ant = cele/ial love--,ramsay1 ,i say1 compil$ ! ,travels ( ,cyrus1 because 8 ma/] made 8 ,telema*us travel4 ,s f> he only imitat$2 b 9 ^! travels he copies f an old ,engli% au?or1 :o introduces a "y solit>y dissect+ 8 dead goat1 & arriv+ at a k ( ! ,deity by ! process1 :i* is v mu* l plagi>ism4 ,on conduct+ ,cyrus into ,egypt1 9 describ+ t s+ul> c\ntry1 he employs ! same expressions z ,bossuet1 :om he copies ^w = ^w )\t cit+2 ?is is plagi>ism complete4 ,"o ( my fri5ds reproa*$ him ) ?is "o day2 ,ramsay repli$ t he 0 n aw>e ( x1 & t x 0 n surpris+ he %\ld ?9k l ,fnelon & write l ,bossuet4 ,?is 0 mak+ out ! adage1 ,pr\d z a ,scotsman4 ,! mo/ s+ul> ( all plagi>ism is possibly t ( ,fa!r ,b>re1 au?or ( a l>ge hi/ory ( ,g]many 9 t5 volumes4 ,! hi/ory ( ,*>les ,,xii4 _h j be5 pr9t$1 & he ins]t$ m ?an two hundr$ pages ( x 9 8 "w2 mak+ a duke ( ,lorra9e say precisely t :i* 0 said by ,*>les ,,xii4 ,he attributes to ! emp]or ,arnold t :i* happ5$ to ! ,sw$i% mon>*4 ,he relates ( ! emp]or ,rudolph t :i* 0 said ( ,k+ ,/anislaus4 ,waldem>1 k+ ( ,d5m>k1 acts precisely l ,*>les at ,b5d]1 etc4 ,! mo/ pleasant "p ( ! /ory is1 t a j\rnali/1 p]ceiv+ ?is extraord9>y resemblance betwe5 ! two works1 fail$ n to impute ! plagi>ism to ! au?or ( ! hi/ory ( ,*>les ,,xii41 :o _h compos$ 8 "w tw5ty ye>s be=e ! appe>ance ( t ( ,fa!r ,b>re4 ,x is *iefly 9 poetry t plagi>ism is all[$ to pass2 & c]ta9ly1 ( all l>c5ies1 x is t :i* is lea/ dang]\s to society4 ,,plato4 ,,section ,i4 ,( ,! ,timu ,( ,plato ,& ,"s ,o!r ,?+s4 ,! fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 ( ! fir/ f\r c5turies1 7 all ,greeks & ,platoni/s3 y f9d n "o ,roman :o wrote = ,*ri/ianity1 or :o _h ! slighte/ t9cture ( philosophy4 ,i w "h obs]ve1 by ! way1 t x is /range en\gh1 ! great ,*ur* ( ,rome1 :i* contribut$ 9 no?+ to ?is e/abli%m5t1 has alone reap$ all ! advantage4 ,x has be5 ) ?is revolution1 z ) all ^? produc$ by civil w>s3 ! fir/ :o tr\ble a /ate1 always unkn[+ly labor = o!rs r ?an = !mselves4 ,! s*ool ( ,alex&ria1 f\nd$ by "o nam$ ,m>k1 to :om succe$$ ,a!nagoras1 ,clem5t1 & ,orig51 0 ! c5tre ( ! ,*ri/ian philosophy4 ,plato 0 reg>d$ by all ! ,greeks ( ,alex&ria z ! ma/] ( wisdom1 ! int]pret] ( ! div9ity4 ,if ! fir/ ,*ri/ians _h n embrac$ ! dogmas ( ,plato1 !y w\ld nev] h _h any philosoph]s1 any man ( m9d 9 _! p>ty4 ,i set aside inspiration & grace :i* are above all philosophy1 & speak only ( ! ord9>y c\rse ( human ev5ts4 ,x is said t x 0 pr9cipally 9 ! ,timu ( ,plato t ! ,greek fa!rs 7 in/ruct$4 ,?is ,timu passes = ! mo/ sublime "w ( all anci5t philosophy4 ,x is almo/ ! only "o :i* ,daci] has n translat$1 & ,i ?9k ! reason is1 because he did n und]/& x1 & t he fe>$ to discov] to cle>-sight$ read]s ! face ( ?is ,greek div9ity1 :o is only ador$ because he is veil$4 ,plato1 9 ?is f9e dialogue1 comm5ces by introduc+ an ,egyptian prie/1 :o tea*es ,solon ! anci5t hi/ory ( ! city ( ,a!ns1 :i* 0 pres]v$ fai?fully = n9e ?\s& ye>s 9 ! ar*ives ( ,egypt4 ,a!ns1 says ! prie/1 0 once ! f9e/ city ( ,greece1 & ! mo/ r5[n$ 9 ! _w = ! arts ( w> & peace4 ,%e alone resi/$ ! w>riors ( ! fam\s isl& ,atlantis1 :o came 9 innum]able vessels to subjugate a great "p ( ,europe & ,asia4 ,a!ns _h ! glory ( free+ s _m vanqui%$ p1 & ( pres]v+ ,egypt f ! s]vitude :i* m5ac$ u4 ,b aft] ?is illu/ri\s victory & s]vice r5d]$ to mank9d1 a frightful e>?quake 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs swall[$ ! t]ritory ( ,a!ns1 & all ! great isl& ( ,atlantis4 ,?is isl& is n[ only a va/ sea1 :i* ! ru9s ( ?is anci5t _w & ! slime mix$ ) its wat]s r5d]$ unnavigable4 ,?is is :at ! prie/ relates to ,solon3 & su* is ! mann] 9 :i* ,plato prep>es to expla9 to u subsequ5tly1 ! =mation ( ! s\l1 ! op]ations ( ! ,^w1 & 8 tr9ity4 ,x is n physically impossible t !re might be an isl& ,atlantis1 :i* _h n exi/$ = n9e ?\s& ye>s1 & :i* p]i%$ by an e>?quake1 l ,h]culaneum & s _m o!r cities2 b our prie/1 9 add+ t ! sea :i* wa%es ,m\nt ,atlas is inaccessible to vessels1 r5d]s ! hi/ory a little suspici\s4 ,x may be1 aft] all1 t s9ce ,solon--t is to say1 9 ! c\rse ( ?ree ?\s& ye>s--vessels h disp]s$ ! slime ( ! anci5t isl& ,atlantis & r5d]$ ! sea navigable2 b x is /ill surpris+ t he %\ld prep>e by ?is isl& to speak ( ! ,^w4 ,p]haps 9 tell+ ?is prie/'s or old woman's /ory1 ,plato wi%$ to ins9uate some?+ contr>y to ! vicissitudes :i* h s (t5 *ang$ ! face ( ! globe4 ,p]haps he w\ld m]ely say :at ,py?agoras & ,timu ( ,locris h said s long be=e him1 & :at our eyes tell u e day--t ev]y?+ 9 nature p]i%es & is r5ew$4 ,! hi/ory ( ,deucalion & ,pyrrha1 ! fall ( ,ph?on1 are fables3 b inundations & conflagrations are tru?s4 ,plato dep>ts f 8 imag9>y isl&1 to speak ( ?+s :i* ! be/ ( philosoph]s ( our days w\ld n disav[4 ,t :i* is produc$ has necess>ily a cause1 an au?or4 ,x is difficult to discov] ! au?or ( ?is _w2 & :5 he is f\nd x is dang]\s to speak ( him to ! p4 ,no?+ is m true1 ev5 n[1 ?an t if a sage1 9 pass+ by our ,lady ( ,loretto1 said to ano!r sage1 8 fri5d1 t our ,lady ( ,loretto1 ) h] little black face1 gov]ns n ! entire univ]se1 & a good woman ov]he>d ^! words1 & relat$ !m to o!r good wom5 ( ! m>* ( ,ancona1 ! sage w\ld be /on$ l ,orpheus4 ,?is is precisely ! situation 9 :i* ! fir/ ,*ri/ians 7 believ$ to be1 :o spoke n well ( ,cybele & ,diana1 :i* alone %\ld atta* !m to ,plato4 ,! un9telligible ?+s :i* he aft]w>ds treats (1 ought n to disgu/ u ) him4 ,i w n reproa* ,plato ) say+1 9 8 ,timu1 t ! _w is an animal2 = he no d\bt und]/&s t ! elem5ts 9 motion animate ! _w2 & he means n1 by animal1 a dog or a man1 :o walks1 feels1 eats1 sleeps1 & eng5d]s4 ,an au?or %\ld always be expla9$ 9 ! mo/ favorable s5se2 & x is n :ile we accuse p1 or :5 we d5\nce _! books1 t x is "r to int]pret malignantly & poison all _! words2 nor is x ?us t ,i %all treat ,plato4 ,accord+ to him !re is a k9d ( tr9ity :i* is ! s\l ( matt]4 ,^! are 8 words3 ,f ! indivisible sub/ance1 always simil> to itself1 & ! divisible sub/ance1 a ?ird sub/ance is compos$1 :i* p>takes ( ! same & ( o!rs4 ,aft]w>ds came ! ,py?agorean numb]1 :i* r5d]s ! ?+ /ill m un9telligible1 & consequ5tly m respectable4 ,:at ammunition = p comm5c+ a pap] w>6 ,fri5d read]1 a little pati5ce & att5tion1 if y please3 ,:5 ,god _h =m$ ! s\l ( ! _w ( ^! ?ree sub/ances1 ! s\l %ot itself into ! mid/ ( ! univ]se1 to ! extremities ( be+2 spread+ itself ev]y:]e1 & react+ ^u itself1 x =m$ at all times a div9e orig9 ( et]nal wisdom4 ,& "s l9es aft]w>ds3 ,?us ! nature ( ! imm5se animal :i* we call ! _w1 is et]nal4 ,plato1 foll[+ ! example ( 8 pr$ecessors1 !n introduces ! ,supreme ,be+1 ! ,creator ( ! _w1 =m+ ?is _w be=e "t2 s t ,god c\ld n exi/ )\t ! _w1 nor ! _w )\t ,god2 z ! sun _c exi/ )\t %$d+ light into space1 nor ?is light /eal into space )\t ! sun4 ,i pass 9 sil5ce _m ,greek1 or r ,ori5tal ideas2 z = example--t !re are f\r sorts ( animals--cele/ial gods1 birds ( ! air1 fi%es1 & t]re/rial animals1 to :i* la/ we h ! honor to belong4 ,i ha/5 to arrive at a second tr9ity3 ! be+ eng5d]$1 ! be+ :o eng5d]s1 & ! be+ :i* resembles ! eng5d]$ & ! eng5d]]4 ,?is tr9ity is =mal en\gh1 & ! fa!rs h f\nd _! acc\nt 9 x4 ,?is tr9ity is foll[$ by a r s+ul> !ory ( ! f\r elem5ts4 ,! e>? is f\nd$ on an equilat]al triangle1 wat] on a "r-angl$ triangle1 air on a scal5e1 & fire on an isosceles triangle4 ,aft] :i* he demon/ratively proves t !re c be b five worlds1 because !re are b five regul> solid bodies1 & yet t !re is b "o _w :i* is r\nd4 ,i confess t no philosoph] 9 ,b$lam has ev] reason$ s p[]fully4 ,r\se y\rself1 fri5d read]1 to he> me speak ( ! o!r fam\s tr9ity ( ,plato1 :i* 8 comm5tators h s mu* vaunt$3 x is ! ,et]nal ,be+1 ! ,et]nal ,creator ( ! _w2 ,8 ^w1 intellig5ce1 or idea2 & ! good :i* results f x4 ,i assure y t ,i h s\ght = x dilig5tly 9 ?is ,timu1 & ,i h nev] f\nd x !re2 x may be !re totidem lit]is1 b x is n totidem v]bis1 or ,i am mu* mi/ak54 ,aft] read+ all ,plato ) great reluctance1 ,i p]ceiv$ "s %ad[ ( ! tr9ity = :i* he is s mu* honor$4 ,x is 9 ! six? book ( 8 ,*im]ical ,republic1 9 :i* he says3 ,let u speak ( ! ,son1 ! wond]ful production ( good1 & ,8 p]fect image4 ,b un=tunately he discov]s ?is p]fect image ( ,god to be ! sun4 ,x 0 !re=e ! physical sun1 :i* ) ! ,^w & ! ,fa!r compos$ ! platonic tr9ity4 ,9 ! ,ep9omis ( ,plato !re are v curi\s absurdities1 "o ( :i* ,i translate z reasonably z ,i c1 = ! conv5i5ce ( ! read]3 ,"k t !re are eight virtues 9 heav53 ,i h obs]v$ !m1 :i* is easy to all ! _w4 ,! sun is "o ( its virtues1 ! moon ano!r2 ! ?ird is ! assemblage ( />s2 & ! five planets1 ) ^! ?ree virtues1 make ! numb] eight4 ,be c>eful ( ?9k+ t ^! virtues1 or ^? :i* !y conta91 & :i* animate !m1 ei!r move ( !mselves or are c>ri$ 9 vehicles2 be c>eful1 ,i say1 ( believ+ t "s may be gods & o!rs n2 t "s may be adorable1 & o!rs su* z we %\ld nei!r adore or invoke4 ,!y are all bro!rs2 ea* has 8 %>e2 we owe !m all ! same honors2 !y fill all ! situations :i* ! ,^w assign$ to !m1 :5 x =m$ ! visible univ]se4 ,"h is ! ,^w already f\nd3 we mu/ n[ f9d ! ?ree p]sons4 ,!y are 9 ! second lett] f ,plato to ,dionysius1 :i* lett]s assur$ly are n =g$2 ! /yle is ! same z t ( 8 dialogues4 ,he (t5 says to ,dionysius & ,dion ?+s v difficult to compreh5d1 & :i* we might believe to be writt5 9 numb]s1 b he also tells u v cle> ones1 :i* h be5 f\nd true a long "t aft] him4 ,= example1 he expresses himself ?us 9 8 sev5? lett] to ,dion3 ,i h be5 conv9c$ t all /ates are v badly gov]n$2 !re is sc>cely any good in/itution or adm9i/ration4 ,we see1 z x 71 day aft] day1 t all foll[ ! pa? ( =tune r ?an t ( wisdom4 ,aft] ?is %ort digression on temporal affairs1 let u return to spiritual ones1 to ! ,tr9ity4 ,plato says to ,dionysius3 ,! ,k+ ( ! univ]se is surr\nd$ by ,8 works3 all is ! effect ( ,8 grace4 ,! f9e/ ( ?+s h _! fir/ cause 9 ,him2 ! second 9 p]fection h 9 ,him _! second cause1 & ,he is fur!r ! ?ird cause ( works ( ! ?ird degree4 ,! ,tr9ity1 su* z we ackn[l$ge1 c\ld n be recogniz$ 9 ?is lett]2 b x 0 a great po9t to h 9 a ,greek au?or a gu>anty ( ! dogmas ( ! dawn+ ,*ur*4 ,e ,greek *ur* 0 !re=e ,platonic1 z e ,lat9 *ur* 0 p]ipatetic1 f ! comm5cem5t ( ! ?ird c5tury4 ,?us two ,greeks :om we h nev] und]/ood1 7 ! ma/]s ( our op9ions until ! "t 9 :i* m5 at ! end ( two ?\s& ye>s 7 oblig$ to ?9k = !mselves4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,que/ions ,on ,plato ,& ,"s ,o!r ,trifles4 ,plato1 9 say+ to ! ,greeks :at s _m philosoph]s ( o!r nations h said be=e him1 9 assur+ !m t !re is a ,supreme ,intellig5ce :i* arrang$ ! univ]se--did he ?9k t ?is ,supreme ,intellig5ce resid$ 9 a s+le place1 l a k+ ( ! ,ea/ 9 8 s]aglio8 ,or r did he believe t ?is ,p[]ful ,intellig5ce spread itself ev]y:]e l light1 or a be+ /ill m delicate1 prompt1 active1 & p5etrat+ ?an light8 ,! ,god ( ,plato1 9 a ^w1 is he 9 matt]1 or is he sep>at$ f x8 ,oh1 y :o h read ,plato att5tively1 t is to say1 sev5 or eight fanta/ical dreams hidd5 9 "s g>ret 9 ,europe1 if ev] ^! que/ions rea* y1 ,i implore y to answ] !m4 ,! b>b>\s isl& ( ,cassite rides1 9 :i* m5 liv$ 9 ! woods 9 ! "t ( ,plato1 has f9ally produc$ philosoph]s :o are z mu* beyond him z ,plato 0 beyond ^? ( 8 contempor>ies :o reason$ n at all4 ,among ^! philosoph]s1 ,cl>ke is p]haps altoge!r ! cle>e/1 ! mo/ pr(\nd1 ! mo/ me?odical1 & ! /ronge/ ( all ^? :o h spok5 ( ! ,supreme ,be+4 ,:5 he gave 8 excell5t book to ! public he f\nd a "y g5tleman ( ! c\nty ( ,gl\ce/] :o c&idly advanc$ objections z /rong z 8 demon/rations4 ,we c see !m at ! end ( ! fir/ volume ( ,cl>ke2 x 0 n on ! necess>y exi/5ce ( ! ,supreme ,be+ t he reason$2 x 0 on ,8 inf9ity & imm5sity4 ,x appe>s n inde$1 t ,cl>ke has prov$ t !re is a be+ :o p5etrates intimately all :i* exi/s1 & t ?is be+ ^: prop]ties we _c conceive has ! prop]ty ( ext5d+ ,himself to ! greate/ imag9able di/ance4 ,! great ,newton has demon/rat$ t !re is a void 9 nature2 b :at philosoph] c\ld demon/rate to me t ,god is 9 ?is void2 t ,he t\*es x2 t ,he fills x8 ,h[1 b\nd$ z we are1 c we atta9 to ! k ( ^! my/]ies8 ,does x n suffice1 t x proves to u t a ,supreme ,ma/] exi/s8 ,x is n giv5 to u to "k :at ,he is nor h[ ,he is4 ,x seems z if ,locke & ,cl>ke _h ! keys ( ! intelligible _w4 ,locke has op5$ all ! ap>tm5ts :i* c be ent]$2 b has n ,cl>ke wi%$ to p5etrate a little above ! edifice8 ,h[ c\ld a philosoph] l ,samuel ,cl>ke1 aft] s admirable a "w on ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 write s pitiable a "o on matt]s ( fact8 ,h[ c\ld ,b5$ict ,sp9oza1 :o _h z mu* pr(undity ( m9d z ,samuel ,cl>ke1 aft] rais+ himself to ! mo/ sublime metaphysics1 h[ c\ld he n p]ceive t a ,supreme ,intellig5ce presides ov] works visibly arrang$ ) a supreme intellig5ce--if x is true aft] all t su* is ! sy/em ( ,sp9oza8 ,h[ c\ld ,newton1 ! greate/ ( m51 comm5t ^u ! ,apocalypse1 z we h already rem>k$8 ,h[ c\ld ,locke1 aft] hav+ s well develop$ ! human und]/&+1 degrade 8 own 9 ano!r "w8 ,i fancy ,i see eagles1 :o aft] d>t+ into a cl\d g to re/ on a dunghill4 ,,poets4 ,a "y man on leav+ college delib]ates :e!r he %all be an advocate1 a physician1 a !ologian1 or a poet--:e!r he %all take c>e ( our body1 our s\l1 or our ent]ta9m5t4 ,we h already spok5 ( advocates & physicians2 we w n[ speak ( ! prodigi\s =tune :i* is sometimes made by ! !ologian4 ,! !ologian becomes pope1 & has n only 8 !ological valets1 cooks1 s+]s1 *amb]la9s1 physicians1 surgeons1 sweep]s1 agnus dei mak]s1 confection]s1 & prea*]s1 b also 8 poet4 ,i "k n :at inspir$ p]sonage 0 ! poet ( ,leo ,x41 z ,david 0 = "s "t ! poet ( ,saul4 ,x is surely ( all ! employm5ts 9 a great h\se1 t :i* is ! mo/ useless4 ,! k+s ( ,engl&1 :o h pres]v$ 9 _! isl& _m ( ! anci5t usages :i* are lo/ on ! cont95t1 h _! (ficial poet4 ,he is oblig$ once a ye> to make an ode 9 praise ( ,/4 ,cecilia1 :o play$ s m>vell\sly on ! organ or psalt]ium t an angel desc5d$ f ! n9? heav5 to li/5 to h] m conv5i5tly--! h>mony ( ! psalt]y1 9 asc5d+ f ?is place to ! l& ( angels1 necess>ily los+ a small portion ( its volume4 ,moses is ! fir/ poet t we "k (2 b x is ?\ght t be=e him ! ,*aldans1 ! ,syrians1 & ! ,indians practis$ poetry1 s9ce !y possess$ music4 ,nev]!less1 ! f9e canticle :i* ,moses *ant$ ) 8 si/] ,miriam1 :5 !y came out ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 is ! mo/ anci5t poetical monum5t 9 hexamet] v]se t we possess4 ,i am n ( ! op9ion ( ^? impi\s & ignorant rogues1 ,newton1 ,le ,cl]c1 & o!rs1 :o prove t all ?is 0 writt5 ab\t eight hundr$ ye>s aft] ! ev5t1 & :o insol5tly ma9ta9 t ,moses c\ld n write 9 ,hebrew1 s9ce ,hebrew is only a comp>atively mod]n dialect ( ! ,phnician1 ( :i* ,moses c\ld "k no?+ at all4 ,i exam9e n ) ! le>n$ ,huet h[ ,moses 0 able to s+ s well1 :o /amm]$ & c\ld n speak4 ,if we li/5$ to _m ( ^! au?ors1 ,moses w\ld be less anci5t ?an ,orpheus1 ,musu1 ,hom]1 & ,hesiod4 ,we p]ceive at ! fir/ glance ! absurdity ( ?is op9ion2 z if a ,greek c\ld be an anci5t z a ,jew6 ,nei!r w ,i reply to ^? imp]t95t p]sons :o suspect t ,moses is only an imag9>y p]sonage1 a fabul\s imitation ( ! fable ( ! anci5t ,bac*us2 & t all ! prodigies ( ,bac*us1 s9ce attribut$ to ,moses1 7 sung 9 orgies be=e x 0 kn[n t ,jews exi/$ 9 ! _w4 ,?is idea refutes itself2 x is obvi\s to good s5se t x is impossible t ,bac*us c\ld h exi/$ be=e ,moses4 ,we h /ill1 h[ev]1 an excell5t ,jewi% poet und5iably ant]ior to ,horace--,k+ ,david2 & we "k well h[ inf9itely sup]ior ! ,mis]]e1 is to ! ,ju/um ac t5acem propositi virum4 ,b :at is mo/ a/oni%+1 legislators & k+s h be5 our e>lie/ poets4 ,we f9d ev5 at pres5t p s good z to become poets = k+s4 ,virgil inde$ _h n ! (fice ( poet to ,augu/us1 nor ,lucan t ( poet to ,n]o2 b ,i confess t x w\ld h debas$ ! pr(ession n a little to make gods ( ei!r ! "o or ! o!r4 ,x is ask$1 :y poetry1 be+ s unnecess>y to ! _w1 occupies s high a rank among ! f9e arts8 ,! same "q may be put ) reg>d to music4 ,poetry is ! music ( ! s\l1 & above all ( great & ( feel+ s\ls4 ,"o m]it ( poetry few p]sons w d5y2 x says m & 9 few] words ?an prose4 ,:o 0 ev] able to translate ! foll[+ ,lat9 words ) ! brevity ) :i* !y came f ! bra9 ( ! poet3 ,vive memor le?i1 fugit hora1 hoc quod loquor inde e/8 ,i speak n ( ! o!r *>ms ( poetry1 z !y are well kn[n2 b ,i insi/ ^u ! gr& precept ( ,horace1 ,sap]e e/ pr9cipium et fons4 ,!re c be no great poetry )\t great wisdom2 b h[ connect ?is wisdom ) en?usiasm1 l ,cs>1 :o =m$ 8 plan ( battle ) circumspection1 & f\ght ) all possible ardor8 ,!re h no d\bt be5 ignorant poets1 b !n !y h be5 bad poets4 ,a man acqua9t$ only ) dactyls & spondees1 & ) a head full ( rhymes1 is r>ely a man ( s5se2 b ,virgil is end[$ ) sup]ior reason4 ,lucretius1 9 common ) all ! anci5ts1 0 mis]ably ignorant ( physical laws1 a k ( :i* is n to be acquir$ by wit4 ,x is a k :i* is only to be obta9$ by in/rum5ts1 :i* 9 8 "t _h n be5 inv5t$4 ,glasses are necess>y--microscopes1 pneumatic ma*9es1 b>omet]s1 etc41 to h ev5 a di/ant idea ( ! op]ations ( nature4 ,desc>tes knew little m ?an ,lucretius1 :5 8 keys op5$ ! sanctu>y2 & an hundr$ times m ( ! pa? has be5 trodd5 f ! "t ( ,galileo1 :o 0 bett] in/ruct$ physically ?an ,desc>tes1 to ! pres5t day1 ?an f ! fir/ ,h]mes to ,lucretius4 ,all anci5t physics are absurd3 x 0 n ?us ) ! philosophy ( m9d1 & t good s5se :i*1 assi/$ by /r5g? ( intellect1 c acutely balance betwe5 d\bts & appe>ances4 ,?is is ! *ief m]it ( ,lucretius2 8 ?ird book is a ma/]piece ( reason+4 ,he argues l ,cic]o1 & expresses himself l ,virgil2 & x mu/ be confess$ t :5 our illu/ri\s ,polignac attack$ 8 ?ird book1 he refut$ x only l a c>d9al4 ,:5 ,i say1 t ,lucretius reasons 9 8 ?ird book l an able metaphysician1 ,i d n say t he 0 "r4 ,we may argue v s\ndly1 & deceive ourselves1 if n in/ruct$ by revelation4 ,lucretius 0 n a ,jew1 & we "k t ,jews alone 7 9 ! "r 9 ! days ( ,cic]o1 ( ,posidonius1 ( ,cs>1 & ( ,cato4 ,la/ly1 "u ,tib]ius1 ! ,jews 7 no long] 9 ! "r1 & common s5se 0 possess$ by ! ,*ri/ians exclusively4 ,?us x 0 impossible t ,lucretius1 ,cic]o1 & ,cs> c\ld be any?+ b imbecile1 9 comp>ison ) ! ,jews & ourselves2 b x mu/ be all[$ t 9 ! eyes ( ! re/ ( ! _w !y 7 v great m54 ,i all[ t ,lucretius kill$ himself1 z also did ,cato1 ,cassius1 & ,brutus1 b !y might v well kill !mselves1 & /ill reason l m5 ( intellect dur+ _! lives4 ,9 e au?or let u di/+ui% ! man f 8 works4 ,rac9e wrote l ,virgil1 b he became ,jans5i/ ?r\gh weakness1 & he di$ 9 consequ5ce ( weakness equally great--because a man 9 pass+ ?r\gh a gall]y did n be/[ a look ^u him4 ,i am v sorry = all ?is2 b ! "p ( ,phdra is n !re=e ! less admirable4 ,,poison+s4 ,let u (t5 repeat useful tru?s4 ,!re h always be5 few] poison+s ?an h be5 spok5 (3 x is almo/ ) !m z ) p>ricides2 ! accusations h be5 v common1 & ! crimes v r>e4 ,"o pro( is1 t we h a long "t tak5 = poison t :i* is n s4 ,h[ _m pr9ces h got rid ( ^? :o 7 suspect$ by !m by mak+ !m dr9k bullock's blood6 ,h[ _m o!r pr9ces h swall[$ x !mselves to avoid fall+ into ! h&s ( _! enemies6 ,all anci5t hi/orians1 & ev5 ,plut>*1 atte/ x4 ,i 0 s infatuat$ ) ^! tales 9 my *ildhood t ,i bl$ "o ( my bulls1 9 ! idea t 8 blood belong$ to me1 s9ce he 0 born 9 my /able--an anci5t pret5sion ( :i* ,i w n "h dispute ! validity4 ,i drank ?is blood1 l ,atreus & ,mademoiselle de ,v]gi1 & x did me no m h>m ?an horse's blood does to ! ,t>t>s1 or pudd+ does to u e day1 if x be n too ri*4 ,:y %\ld ! blood ( a bull be a poison1 :5 t ( a goat is consid]$ a rem$y8 ,! peasants ( my prov9ce swall[ ! blood ( a c[1 :i* !y call fricasse1 e day2 t ( a bull is n m dang]\s4 ,be sure1 de> read]1 t ,!mi/ocles di$ n ( x4 ,"s speculators ( ! c\rt ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 believ$ !y discov]$ t 8 si/]-9-law1 ,h5rietta ( ,engl&1 0 poison$ ) p[d] ( diamonds1 :i* 0 put into a b[l ( /rawb]ries1 in/ead ( grat$ sug>2 b nei!r ! impalpable p[d] ( glass or diamonds1 nor t ( any production ( nature :i* 0 n 9 itself v5om\s1 c\ld be hurtful4 ,!y are only %>p-cutt+ active po9ts :i* c become viol5t4 ,! exact obs]v]1 ,mead1 a celebrat$ ,engli% physician1 saw ?r\gh a microscope ! liquor %ot f ! gums ( irritat$ vip]s4 ,he pret5ds t he has always f\nd !m /rewn ) ^! cutt+1 po9t$ blades1 ! imm5se numb] ( :i* te> & pi]ce ! int]nal membranes4 ,! cant>ella1 ( :i* x is pret5d$ t ,pope ,alex&] ,,vi4 & 8 ba/>d1 ! duke ( ,borgia1 made great use1 01 x is said1 ! foam ( a hog r5d]$ furi\s by susp5d+ him by ! feet ) 8 head d[nw>ds1 9 :i* situation he 0 beat5 to dea?2 x 0 a poison z prompt & viol5t z t ( ! vip]4 ,a great apo!c>y assures me t ,madame la ,t(ana1 t celebrat$ poison] ( ,naples1 pr9cipally made use ( ?is receipt2 all :i* is p]haps untrue4 ,?is sci5ce is "o ( ^? ( :i* we %\ld be ignorant4 ,poisons :i* coagulate ! blood1 in/ead ( te>+ ! membranes1 are opium1 hemlock1 h5bane1 aconite1 & sev]al o!rs4 ,! ,a!nians became s ref9$ z to cause _! c\ntrym51 condemn$ to dea?1 to die by poisons reput$ cold2 an apo!c>y 0 ! execution] ( ! republic4 ,x is said t ,socrates di$ v peacefully1 & z if he slept3 ,i c sc>cely believe x4 ,i made "o rem>k on ! ,jewi% books1 :i* is1 t among ?is p we see no "o :o 0 poison$4 ,a cr[d ( k+s & prie/s p]i%$ by assass9ation2 ! hi/ory ( ! nation is ! hi/ory ( murd]s & robb]ies2 b a s+le in/ance only is m5tion$ ( a man :o 0 poison$1 & ?is man 0 n a ,jew--he 0 a ,syrian nam$ ,lysias1 g5]al ( ! armies ( ,antio*us ,epiphanes4 ,! second ,book ( ,maccabees says t he poison$ himself--v55o vitam f9ivit2 b ^! ,books ( ,maccabees are v suspici\s4 ,my de> read]1 ,i h already desir$ y to believe no?+ lightly4 ,:at a/oni%es me mo/ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! mann]s ( ! anci5t ,romans is ! conspiracy ( ! ,roman wom5 to cause to p]i% by poison1 n only _! husb&s1 b ! pr9cipal citiz5s 9 g5]al4 ,x 01 says ,titus ,livius1 9 ! ye> #dbc f ! f\ndation ( ,rome1 & !re=e 9 ! "t ( ! mo/ au/]e virtue2 x 0 be=e !re 0 any m5tion ( divorce1 ?\gh divorce 0 au?oriz$2 x 0 :5 wom5 drank no w9e1 & sc>cely ev] w5t out ( _! h\ses1 except to ! temples4 ,h[ c we imag9e1 t !y sudd5ly appli$ !mselves to ! k ( poisons2 t !y assembl$ to compose !m2 &1 )\t any app>5t int]e/1 ?us adm9i/]$ dea? to ! fir/ m5 9 ,rome8 ,lawr5ce ,e*>d1 9 8 abridg$ compilation1 cont5ts himself ) say+1 t ! virtue ( ! ,roman ladies 0 /rangely beli$2 t "o hundr$ & sev5ty :o m$dl$ ) ! art ( mak+ poisons1 & ( r$uc+ ?is art into precepts1 7 all at once accus$1 convict$1 & puni%$4 ,titus ,livius assur$ly does n say t !y r$uc$ ?is art into rules4 ,t w\ld signify t !y held a s*ool ( poisons1 t !y pr(ess$ x z a sci5ce2 :i* is ridicul\s4 ,he says no?+ ab\t a hundr$ & sev5ty pr(essors 9 corrosive sublimate & v]digris4 ,f9ally1 he does n affirm t !re 7 poison]s among ! wives ( ! s5ators & knights4 ,! p 7 extremely fooli%1 & reason$ at ,rome z else:]e4 ,^! are ! words ( ,titus ,livius3 ,! ye> #dbc 0 ( ! numb] ( un=tunate ones2 !re 0 a mortality caus$ by ! temp]ature ( ! air or by human malice4 ,i wi% t we c\ld affirm ) "s au?or t ! corruption ( ! air caus$ ?is epidemic1 r ?an attribute ! dea? ( s _m ,romans to poison1 z _m hi/orians h falsely writt51 to decry ?is ye>4 ,!y h !re=e writt5 falsely1 accord+ to ,titus ,livius1 :o believes n t ! ladies ( ,rome 7 poison]s3 b :at int]e/ _h au?ors 9 decry+ ?is ye>8 ,i "k n4 ,i relate ! fact1 cont9ues he1 z x 0 relat$ be=e me4 ,?is is n ! spee* ( a satisfi$ man2 besides1 ! alleg$ fact mu* resembles a fable4 ,a slave accuses ab\t sev5ty wom51 among :om are sev]al ( ! patrician rank1 ( caus+ ! plague 9 ,rome by prep>+ poisons4 ,"s ( ! accus$ dem& p]mission to swall[ _! drugs1 & expire on ! spot2 & _! accomplices are condemn$ to dea? )\t ! mann] ( _! puni%m5t be+ specifi$4 ,i suspect t ?is /ory to :i* ,titus ,livius gives no cr$it1 des]ves to be bani%$ to ! place 9 :i* ! vessel is pres]v$ :i* a ve/al drew to %ore ) a girdle2 :]e ,jupit] 9 p]son /opp$ ! flight ( ! ,romans2 :]e ,ca/or & ,pollux came to combat on horseback 9 _! behalf2 :]e a fl9t 0 cut ) a razor2 & :]e ,simon ,b>jonas1 surnam$ ,pet]1 disput$ miracles ) ,simon ! magician4 ,!re is sc>cely any poison ( :i* we _c prev5t ! consequ5ces by combat+ x imm$iately4 ,!re is no m$ic9e :i* is n a poison :5 tak5 9 too /rong a dose4 ,all indige/ion is a poison4 ,an ignorant physician1 & ev5 a le>n$ b inatt5tive "o1 is (t5 a poison]4 ,a good cook is a c]ta9 sl[ poison]1 if y are n temp]ate4 ,"o day ! m>quis d',arg5son1 m9i/] ( /ate = ! =eign dep>tm5t1 :il/ 8 bro!r 0 m9i/] ( w>1 receiv$ f ,london a lett] f a fool--z m9i/]s d by e po/2 ?is fool propos$ an infallible means ( poison+ all ! inhabitants ( ! capital ( ,engl&4 ,?is does n conc]n me1 said ! m>quis d',arg5son to u2 x is a packet to my bro!r4 ,,policy4 ,! policy ( man consi/s1 at fir/1 9 endeavor+ to arrive at a /ate equal to t ( animals1 :om nature has furni%$ ) food1 clo?+1 & %elt]4 ,to atta9 ?is /ate is a matt] ( no little "t & difficulty4 ,h[ to procure = himself subsi/5ce & accommodation1 & protect himself f evil1 comprises ! :ole object & bus9ess ( man4 ,?is evil exi/s ev]y:]e2 ! f\r elem5ts ( nature conspire to =m x4 ,! b>r5ness ( "o-qu>t] "p ( ! _w1 ! numb]less diseases to :i* we are subject1 ! multitude ( /rong & ho/ile animals by :i* we are surr\nd$1 oblige u to be con/antly on ! al]t 9 body & 9 m9d1 to gu>d aga9/ ! v>i\s =ms ( evil4 ,no man1 by 8 own individual c>e & ex]tion1 c secure himself f evil2 he requires assi/ance4 ,society !re=e is z anci5t z ! _w4 ,?is society consi/s sometimes ( too _m1 & sometimes ( too few4 ,! vicissitudes ( ! _w h (t5 de/roy$ :ole races ( m5 & o!r animals1 9 _m c\ntries1 & h multipli$ !m 9 o!rs4 ,to enable a species to multiply1 a tol]able climate & soil are necess>y2 & ev5 ) ^! advantages1 m5 may be "u ! necessity ( go+ unclo!d1 ( suff]+ hung]1 ( be+ de/itute ( ev]y?+1 & ( p]i%+ 9 mis]y4 ,m5 are n l beav]s1 or bees1 or silk-worms2 !y h no sure & infallible in/9ct :i* procures = !m necess>ies4 ,among a hundr$ m51 !re is sc>cely "o t possesses g5ius2 & among wom51 sc>cely "o among five hundr$4 ,x is only by means ( g5ius t ^? arts are inv5t$1 :i* ev5tually furni% some?+ ( t accommodation :i* is ! great object ( all policy4 ,to attempt ^! arts ) success1 ! assi/ance ( o!rs is requisite2 h&s to aid y1 & m9ds suffici5tly acute & unprejudic$ to compreh5d y1 & suffici5tly docile to obey y4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 all ?is c be discov]$ & br\ght toge!r1 ?\s&s ( ye>s roll on 9 ignorance & b>b>ism2 ?\s&s ( ef=ts = improvem5t t]m9ate only 9 abortion4 ,at l5g?1 ! outl9es ( an art are =m$1 b ?\s&s ( ages are /ill requisite to c>ry x to p]fection4 ,=eign ,policy4 ,:5 any "o nation has become acqua9t$ ) metallurgy1 x w c]ta9ly beat its neighbors & make slaves ( !m4 ,y possess arr[s & sabres1 & 7 born 9 a climate t has r5d]$ y robu/4 ,we are weak1 & h only clubs & /ones4 ,y kill u1 or if y p]mit u to live1 x is t we may till y\r fields & build y\r h\ses4 ,we s+ "s ru/ic ditty to dissipate y\r sple5 or animate y\r languor1 if we h any voice2 or we bl[ on "s pipes1 9 ord] to obta9 f y clo?+ & bread4 ,if our wives & daught]s are h&some1 y appropriate !m )\t scruple to y\rselves4 ,! "y g5tleman1 y\r son1 n only takes advantage ( ! e/abli%$ policy1 b adds new discov]ies to ?is gr[+ art4 ,8 s]vants proce$1 by 8 ord]s1 to emasculate my un=tunate boys1 :om he !n honors ) ! gu>dian%ip ( 8 wives & mi/resses4 ,su* has be5 policy1 ! great art ( mak+ mank9d contribute to individual advantage & enjoym5t2 & su* is /ill policy ?r\gh\t ! l>ge/ portion ( ,asia4 ,"s nations1 or r hordes1 hav+ ?us by sup]ior /r5g? & skill br\ght into subjection o!rs1 beg9 aft]w>ds to fight ) "o ano!r = ! division ( ! spoil4 ,ea* petty nation ma9ta9s & pays soldi]s4 ,to enc\rage1 & at ! same "t to control ^! soldi]s1 ea* possesses its gods1 its oracles1 & prophecies2 ea* ma9ta9s & pays its soo?say]s & slaught]+ prie/s4 ,^! soo?say]s or augurs beg9 ) prophesy+ 9 favor ( ! heads ( ! nation2 !y aft]w>ds prophesy = !mselves & obta9 a %>e 9 ! gov]nm5t4 ,! mo/ p[]ful & %rewd prevail at la/ ov] ! o!rs1 aft] ages ( c>nage :i* excite our horror1 & ( impo/ures :i* excite our laught]4 ,su* is ! regul> c\rse & completion ( policy4 ,:ile ^! sc5es ( ravage & fraud are c>ri$ on 9 "o portion ( ! globe1 o!r nations1 or r clans1 retire to m\nta9 cav]ns1 or di/ricts surr\nd$ by inaccessible swamps1 m>%es1 or "s v]dant & solit>y spot 9 ! mid/ ( va/ des]ts ( burn+ s&1 or "s p59sul> & consequ5tly easily protect$ t]ritory1 to secure !mselves aga9/ ! tyrants ( ! cont95t4 ,at l5g? all become arm$ ) ne>ly ! same description ( weapons2 & blood fl[s f "o extremity ( ! _w to ! o!r4 ,m51 h[ev]1 _c =ev] g on kill+ "o ano!r2 & peace is consequ5tly made1 till ei!r p>ty ?9ks itself suffici5tly /rong to recomm5ce ! w>4 ,^? :o c write draw up ^! treaties ( peace2 & ! *iefs ( e nation1 ) a view m successfully to impose ^u _! enemies1 invoke ! gods to atte/ ) :at s9c]ity !y b9d !mselves to ! obs]vance ( ^! compacts4 ,oa?s ( ! mo/ solemn "* are inv5t$ & employ$1 & "o p>ty engages 9 ! "n ( ! great ,somonocodom1 & ! o!r 9 t ( ,jupit] ! ,av5g]1 to live =ev] 9 peace & amity2 :ile 9 ! same names ( ,somonocodom & ,jupit]1 !y take ! fir/ opportunity ( cutt+ "o ano!r's ?roats4 ,9 times ( ! greate/ civilization & ref9em5t1 ! lion ( sop made a treaty ) ?ree animals1 :o 7 8 neighbors4 ,! object 0 to divide ! common spoil into f\r equal p>ts4 ,! lion1 = c]ta9 inconte/able & satisfactory reasons :i* he did n !n deem x necess>y to detail1 b :i* he w\ld be always ready to give 9 due "t & place1 fir/ takes ?ree p>ts out ( ! f\r = himself1 & !n ?reat5s in/ant /rangulation to :oev] %all d>e to t\* ! f\r?4 ,?is is ! true sublime ( policy4 ,int]nal ,policy4 ,! object "h is to accumulate = our own c\ntry ! greate/ quantity ( p[]1 honor1 & enjoym5t possible4 ,to atta9 ^! 9 any extraord9>y degree1 mu* money is indisp5sable4 ,9 a democracy x is v difficult to accompli% ?is object4 ,e citiz5 is y\r rival2 a democracy c nev] subsi/ b 9 a small t]ritory4 ,y may h weal? almo/ equal to y\r wi%es ?r\gh y\r own m]cantile deal+s1 or transmitt$ 9 patrimony f y\r indu/ri\s & opul5t gr&fa!r2 y\r =tune w excite jeal\sy & envy1 b w pur*ase little real co-op]ation & s]vice4 ,if an afflu5t family ev] be>s sway 9 a democracy1 x is n = a long "t4 ,9 an ari/ocracy1 honors1 pleasures1 p[]1 & money1 are m easily obta9able4 ,great discretion1 h[ev]1 is necess>y4 ,if abuse is flagrant1 revolution w be ! consequ5ce4 ,?us 9 a democracy all ! citiz5s are equal4 ,?is species ( gov]nm5t is at pres5t r>e1 & appe>s to b little advantage1 al?\gh x is 9 itself natural & wise4 ,9 ari/ocracy1 inequality or sup]iority makes itself s5sibly felt2 b ! less arrogant its demeanor1 ! m secure & successful w be its c\rse4 ,mon>*y rema9s to be m5tion$4 ,9 ?is1 all mank9d are made = "o individual3 he accumulates all honors ) :i* he *ooses to decorate himself1 ta/es all pleasures to :i* he feels an incl9ation1 & ex]cises a p[] absolutely )\t control2 provid$1 let x be rememb]$1 t he has pl5ty ( money4 ,if he is defici5t 9 t1 he w be unsuccessful at home z well z abroad1 & w soon be left de/itute ( p[]1 pleasures1 honors1 & p]haps ev5 ( life4 ,:ile ?is p]sonage has money1 n only is he successful & happy himself1 b 8 relations & pr9cipal s]vants are fl\ri%+ 9 full enjoym5t also2 & an imm5se multitude ( hirel+s labor = !m ! :ole ye> r\nd1 9 ! va9 hope t !y %all !mselves1 "s "t or o!r1 enjoy 9 _! cottages ! leisure & com=t :i* _! sultans & pa%as enjoy 9 _! h>ems4 ,obs]ve1 h[ev]1 :at w probably happ54 ,a jolly1 full-f$ f>m] 0 =m]ly 9 possession ( a va/ e/ate1 consi/+ ( fields1 mead[s1 v9ey>ds1 or*>ds1 & =e/s4 ,a hundr$ labor]s work$ = him1 :ile he d9$ ) 8 family1 drank 8 w9e1 & w5t to sleep4 ,8 pr9cipal dome/ics1 :o plund]$ him1 d9$ next1 & ate up ne>ly ev]y?+4 ,!n came ! labor]s1 = :om !re 0 left only a v meagre & insuffici5t meal4 ,!y at fir/ murmur$1 !n op5ly compla9$1 spe$ily lo/ all pati5ce1 & at la/ ate up ! d9n] prep>$ = _! ma/]1 & turn$ him out ( 8 h\se4 ,! ma/] said !y 7 a set ( sc\ndrels1 a pack ( undutiful & rebelli\s *ildr5 :o assault$ & abus$ _! own fa!r4 ,! labor]s repli$ t !y _h only obey$ ! sacr$ law ( nature1 :i* he _h violat$4 ,! dispute 0 f9ally ref]r$ to a soo?say] 9 ! neighborhood1 :o 0 ?\ght to be actually inspir$4 ,! holy man takes ! f>m into 8 own h&s1 & ne>ly fami%es bo? ! labor]s & ! ma/]2 till at l5g? _! feel+s c\nt]act _! sup]/ition1 & ! sa9t is 9 ! end expell$ 9 8 turn4 ,?is is dome/ic policy4 ,!re h be5 m examples ?an "o ( ?is description2 & "s consequ5ces ( ?is species ( policy /ill subsi/ 9 all _! /r5g?4 ,we may hope t 9 ! c\rse ( t5 or twelve ?\s& ages1 :5 mank9d become m enlight5$1 ! great proprietors ( e/ates1 gr[n also m wise1 w on ! "o h& treat _! labor]s r bett]1 & on ! o!r take c>e n to be dup$ by soo?say]s4 ,,polypus4 ,9 quality ( a d\bt]1 ,i h a long "t fill$ my vocation4 ,i h d\bt$ :5 !y w\ld p]suade me1 t ! glossopetres :i* ,i h se5 =m$ 9 my fields1 7 orig9ally ! tongues ( sea-dogs1 t ! lime us$ 9 my b>n 0 compos$ ( %ells only1 t corals 7 ! production ( ! excrem5t ( c]ta9 little fi%es1 t ! sea by its curr5ts has =m$ ,m\nt ,c5is & ,m\nt ,taurus1 & t ,niobe 0 =m]ly *ang$ into m>ble4 ,x is n t ,i love n ! extraord9>y1 ! m>vell\s1 z well z any travell] or man ( sy/em2 b to believe firmly1 ,i w\ld see ) my own eyes1 t\* ) my own h&s1 & t sev]al times4 ,ev5 t is n en\gh2 ,i w\ld /ill be aid$ by ! eyes & h&s ( o!rs4 ,two ( my companions1 :o1 l myself1 =m que/ions on ! ,encyclopdia1 h = "s "t amus$ !mselves ) me 9 /udy+ ! nature ( sev]al ( ! little films :i* gr[ 9 dit*es by ! side ( wat] l5tils4 ,^! light h]bs1 :i* we call polypi ( s(t wat]1 h sev]al roots1 f :i* circum/ance we h giv5 !m ! "n ( polypi4 ,^! little p>asite plants 7 m]ely plants1 until ! comm5cem5t ( ! age 9 :i* we live4 ,leu5hoeck raises !m to ! rank ( animals4 ,we "k n if !y h ga9$ mu* by x4 ,we ?9k t1 to be consid]$ z an animal1 x is necess>y to be end[$ ) s5sation4 ,!y !re=e comm5ce by %[+ u1 t ^! s(t wat] polypi h feel+1 9 ord] t we %\ld pres5t !m ) our "r ( citiz5%ip4 ,we h n d>$ to grant x ! dignity ( s5sation1 ?\gh x appe>$ to h ! greate/ pret5sions to x4 ,:y %\ld we give x to a species ( small ru%8 ,is x because x appe>s to bud8 ,?is prop]ty is common to all trees gr[+ by ! wat]-side2 to will[s1 popl>s1 asp5s1 etc4 ,x is s light1 t x *anges place at ! lea/ motion ( ! drop ( wat] :i* be>s x2 !nce x has be5 conclud$ t x walk$4 ,9 l mann]1 we may suppose t ! little1 float+1 m>%y isl&s ( ,/4 ,om] are animals1 = !y (t5 *ange _! place4 ,x is said its roots are its feet1 its /alk its body1 its bran*es are its arms2 ! pipe :i* composes its /alk is pi]c$ at ! top--x is its m\?4 ,9 ?is pipe !re is a light :ite pi?1 ( :i* "s almo/ imp]ceptible animalcules are v gre$y2 !y ent] ! holl[ ( ?is little pipe by mak+ x b5d1 & eat ?is light pa/e2--x is ! polypus :o captures ^! animals ) 8 sn\t1 ?\gh x has n ! lea/ appe>ance ( head1 m\?1 or /oma*4 ,we h exam9$ ?is sport ( nature ) all ! att5tion ( :i* we are capable4 ,x appe>$ to u t ! production call$ polypus resembl$ an animal mu* less ?an a c>rot or asp>agus4 ,9 va9 we h oppos$ to our eyes all ! reason+s :i* we =m]ly read2 ! evid5ce ( our eyes has ov]?r[n !m4 ,x is a pity to lose an illusion4 ,we "k h[ pleasant x w\ld be to h an animal :i* c\ld reproduce itself by (f%oots1 & :i*1 hav+ all ! appe>ances ( a plant1 c\ld jo9 ! animal to ! vegetable k+dom4 ,x w\ld be mu* m natural to give ! rank ( an animal to ! newly-discov]$ plant ( ,anglo-,am]ica1 to :i* ! pleasant "n ( ,v5us' fly-trap has be5 giv54 ,x is a k9d ( prickly s5sitive-plant1 ! leaves ( :i* fold ( !mselves2 ! flies are tak5 9 ^! leaves & p]i% !re m c]ta9ly ?an 9 ! web ( a spid]4 ,if any ( our physicians w\ld call ?is plant an animal1 he w\ld h p>tisans4 ,b if y w\ld h some?+ m extraord9>y1 m wor?y ( ! obs]vation ( philosoph]s1 obs]ve ! snail1 :i* lives "o & two :ole mon?s aft] its head is cut (f1 & :i* aft]w>ds has a second head1 conta9+ all ! organs possess$ by ! fir/4 ,?is tru?1 to :i* all *ildr5 c be witnesses1 is m wor?y ?an ! illusion ( polypi ( s(t wat]4 ,:at becomes ( its s5sorium1 its magaz9e ( ideas1 & s\l1 :5 its head is cut (f8 ,h[ d all ^! return8 ,a s\l :i* is r5ew$ is a v curi\s ph5om5on2 n t x is m /range ?an a s\l begott51 a s\l :i* sleeps & awakes1 or a condemn$ s\l4 ,,poly!ism4 ,! plurality ( gods is ! great reproa* at pres5t ca/ ^u ! ,greeks & ,romans3 b let any man %[ me1 if he c1 a s+le fact 9 ! :ole ( _! hi/ories1 or a s+le ^w 9 ! :ole ( _! books1 f :i* x may be fairly inf]r$ t !y believ$ 9 _m supreme gods2 & if nei!r t fact nor ^w c be f\nd1 if1 on ! contr>y1 all antiquity is full ( monum5ts & records :i* atte/ "o sov]eign ,god1 sup]ior to all o!r gods1 let u c&idly admit t we h judg$ ! anci5ts z h>%ly z we too (t5 judge our contempor>ies4 ,we read 9 numb]less passages t ,zeus1 ,jupit]1 is ! ma/] ( gods & m54 ,jovis omnia pl5a4--,all ?+s are full ( ,jupit]4 ,& ,/4 ,paul gives ?is te/imony 9 favor ( ! anci5ts3 ,9 ipso vivimus1 movemur1 et sumus1 ut quidam ve/rorum poet>um dixit4--,9 ,god we live1 & move1 & h our be+1 z "o ( y\r own poets has said4 ,aft] su* an ackn[l$gm5t z ?is1 h[ c we d>e to accuse our in/ructors ( n hav+ recogniz$ a supreme ,god8 ,we h no occasion :atev] to exam9e ^u ?is subject1 :e!r !re 0 =m]ly a ,jupit] :o 0 k+ ( ,crete1 & :o may possibly h be5 consid]$ & rank$ z a god2 or :e!r ! ,egyptians _h twelve sup]ior gods1 or eight1 among :om ! deity call$ ,jupit] by ! ,lat9s might be "o4 ,! s+le po9t to be inve/igat$ & asc]ta9$ "h is1 :e!r ! ,greeks & ,romans ackn[l$g$ "o cele/ial be+ z ! ma/] or sov]eign ( o!r cele/ial be+s4 ,!y con/antly tell u t !y d2 & we ought !re=e to believe !m4 ,! admirable lett] ( ! philosoph] ,maximus ( ,madaura to ,/4 ,augu/9e is completely to our purpose3 ,!re is a ,god1 says he1 )\t any beg9n+1 ! common ,fa!r ( all1 b :o nev] produc$ a be+ l ,himself4 ,:at man is s /upid & besott$ z to d\bt x8 ,su* is ! te/imony ( a pagan ( ! f\r? c5tury on behalf ( all antiquity4 ,7 ,i incl9$ to lift ! veil t conceals ! my/]ies ( ,egypt1 ,i %\ld f9d ! deity ador$ "u ! "n ( ,knef1 :o produc$ all ?+s & presides ov] all ! o!r deities2 ,i %\ld discov] also a ,mi?ra among ! ,p]sians1 & a ,brahma among ! ,indians1 & c\ld p]haps %[1 t e civiliz$ nation admitt$ "o supreme be+1 toge!r ) a multitude ( dep5d5t div9ities4 ,i d n speak ( ! ,*9ese1 ^: gov]nm5t1 m respectable ?an all ! re/1 has ackn[l$g$ "o ,god only = a p]iod ( m ?an f\r ?\s& ye>s4 ,let u "h conf9e ourselves to ! ,greeks & ,romans1 :o are ! objects ( our imm$iate rese>*es4 ,!y _h among !m innum]able sup]/itions--x is impossible to d\bt x2 !y adopt$ fables absolutely ridicul\s--ev]ybody kn[s x2 & ,i may safely add1 t !y 7 !mselves suffici5tly dispos$ to ridicule !m4 ,aft] all1 h[ev]1 ! f\ndation ( _! !ology 0 con=mable to reason4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ) respect to ! ,greeks plac+ h]oes 9 heav5 z a rew>d = _! virtues1 x 0 "o ( ! mo/ wise & useful ( religi\s in/itutions4 ,:at nobl] recomp5se c\ld possibly be be/[$ ^u !m2 :at m animat+ & inspir+ hope c\ld be held out to !m8 ,is x becom+ t we1 above all o!rs1 %\ld c5sure su* a practice--we :o1 enlight5$ by ! tru?1 h pi\sly consecrat$ ! v usage :i* ! anci5ts imag9$8 ,we h a f> great] numb] ( ! bless$ 9 honor ( :om we h creat$ alt>s1 ?an ! ,greeks & ,romans _h ( h]oes & demi-gods2 ! diff]5ce is1 t !y grant$ ! apo!osis to ! mo/ illu/ri\s & respl5d5t actions1 & we grant x to ! mo/ meek & retir$ virtues4 ,b _! deifi$ h]oes nev] %>$ ! ?rone ( ,jupit]1 ! great ar*itect1 ! et]nal sov]eign ( ! univ]se2 !y 7 admitt$ to 8 c\rt & enjoy$ 8 favors4 ,:at is !re unreasonable 9 ?is8 ,is x n a fa9t %ad[ & resemblance ( ! cele/ial hi]>*y pres5t$ to u by our religion8 ,no?+ c be ( a m salut>y moral t5d5cy ?an su* an idea2 & ! reality is n physically impossible 9 itself4 ,we h surely1 ^u ?is subject1 no fair gr\nd = ridicul+ nations to :om we are indebt$ ev5 = our alphabet4 ,! second object ( our reproa*es1 is ! multitude ( gods admitt$ to ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w2 ,neptune presid+ ov] ! sea1 ,juno ov] ! air1 olus ov] ! w9ds1 & ,pluto or ,ve/a ov] ! e>?1 & ,m>s ov] armies4 ,we set aside ! g5ealogies ( all ^! div9ities1 :i* are z false z ^? :i* are e day fabricat$ & pr9t$ respect+ individuals among ourselves2 we pass s5t5ce ( condemnation on all _! light & loose adv5tures1 wor?y ( be+ record$ 9 ! pages ( ! ,?\s& & ,"o ,nights1 & :i* nev] con/itut$ ! f\ndation or ess5ce ( ! ,greek & ,roman fai?2 b let u at ! same "t c&idly ask1 :]e is ! folly & /upidity ( hav+ adopt$ be+s ( a second>y ord]1 :o1 :atev] !y may be 9 relation to ! great supreme1 h at lea/ "s p[] ov] our v diff]5tly-con/itut$ race1 :i*1 in/ead ( belong+ to ! second1 belongs p]haps to ! hundr$ ?\s&? ord] ( exi/5ce8 ,does ?is doctr9e necess>ily imply ei!r bad metaphysics or bad natural philosophy8 ,h we n ourselves n9e *oirs ( cele/ial spirits1 m anci5t ?an mank9d8 ,has n ea* ( ^! *oirs a peculi> "n8 ,did n ! ,jews take ! great] numb] ( ^! names f ! ,p]sians8 ,h n _m angels _! peculi> functions assign$ !m8 ,!re 0 an ext]m9at+ angel1 :o f\ght = ! ,jews1 & ! angel ( travell]s1 :o conduct$ ,tobit4 ,mi*ael 0 ! p>ticul> angel ( ! ,hebrews2 &1 accord+ to ,daniel1 he fights aga9/ ! angel ( ! ,p]sians1 & speaks to ! angel ( ! ,greeks4 ,an angel ( inf]ior rank gives an acc\nt to ,mi*ael1 9 ! book ( ,za*>iah1 ( ! /ate 9 :i* he _h f\nd ! c\ntry4 ,e nation possess$ its angel2 ! v]sion ( ! ,sev5ty ,days1 9 ,deut]onomy1 t ! ,"l allott$ ! nations accord+ to ! numb] ( angels4 ,/4 ,paul1 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 talks to ! angel ( ,mac$onia4 ,^! cele/ial spirits are frequ5tly call$ gods 9 ,scripture1 ,eloim4 ,= among all nations1 ! ^w t corresponds ) t ( ,!os1 ,deus1 ,dieu1 ,god1 by no means univ]sally signifies ! ,sov]eign ,"l ( heav5 & e>?2 x frequ5tly signifies a cele/ial be+1 a be+ sup]ior to man1 b dep5d5t ^u ! great ,sov]eign ( ,nature2 & x is sometimes be/[$ ev5 on pr9ces & judges4 ,s9ce to u x is a matt] ( tru? & reality1 t cele/ial sub/ances actually exi/1 :o are intru/$ ) ! c>e ( m5 & empires1 ! p :o h admitt$ ?is tru? )\t ! light ( revelation are m wor?y ( our e/eem ?an our contempt4 ,! ridicule1 !re=e1 does n atta* to poly!ism itself1 b to ! abuse ( x2 to ! popul> fables ( sup]/ition2 to ! multitude ( absurd div9ities :i* h be5 suppos$ to exi/ & to ! numb] ( :i* e individual might add at 8 pleasure4 ,! goddess ( nipples1 dea ,rumilia2 ! goddess ( conjugal union1 dea ,p]tunda2 ! god ( ! wat]-closet1 deus ,/]cutius2 ! god ( flatul5ce1 deus ,crepitus2 are c]ta9ly n calculat$ to attract ! highe/ degree ( v5]ation4 ,^! ridicul\s absurdities1 ! amusem5t ( ! old wom5 & *ildr5 ( ,rome1 m]ely prove t ! ^w deus _h acceptations ( a widely diff]5t nature4 ,no?+ c be m c]ta9 or obvi\s1 ?an t ! god ( flatul5ce1 deus ,crepitus1 c\ld nev] excite ! same idea z deus divm et hom9um sator1 ! s\rce ( gods & m54 ,! ,roman pontiffs did n admit ! little burlesque & baboon-look+ deities :i* silly wom5 introduc$ into _! cab9ets4 ,! ,roman religion 0 9 fact1 9 its intr9sic "*1 bo? s]i\s & au/]e4 ,oa?s 7 inviolable2 w> c\ld n be comm5c$ be=e ! college ( h]alds _h decl>$ x j2 & a ve/al convict$ ( hav+ violat$ h] v[ ( virg9ity1 0 condemn$ to dea?4 ,^! circum/ances ann\nce a p incl9$ to au/]ities1 r ?an a p volatile1 frivol\s1 & addict$ to ridicule4 ,i conf9e myself "h to %[+ t ! s5ate did n reason absurdly 9 adopt+ poly!ism4 ,x is ask$1 h[ t s5ate1 to two or ?ree deputies f :i* we 7 indebt$ bo? = *a9s & laws1 c\ld p]mit s _m extravagances among ! p1 & au?orize s _m fables among ! pontiffs8 ,x w\ld be by no means difficult to answ] ?is "q4 ,! wise h 9 e age made use ( fools4 ,!y freely leave to ! p _! lup]cals & _! saturnalia1 if !y only cont9ue loyal & ob$i5t2 & ! sacr$ pullets t promis$ victory to ! armies1 are judici\sly secur$ aga9/ ! sacrilege ( be+ slaught]$ = ! table4 ,let u nev] be surpris$ at see+1 t ! mo/ enlight5$ gov]nm5ts h p]mitt$ cu/oms & fables ( ! mo/ s5seless "*4 ,^! cu/oms & fables exi/$ be=e gov]nm5t 0 =m$2 & no "o w\ld pull d[n an imm5se city1 h[ev] irregul> 9 its build+s1 to erect x precisely accord+ to l9e & level4 ,h[ c x arise1 we are ask$1 t on "o side we see s mu* philosophy & sci5ce1 & on ! o!r s mu* fanaticism8 ,! reason is1 t sci5ce & philosophy 7 sc>cely born be=e ,cic]o1 & t fanaticism reign$ = c5turies4 ,policy1 9 su* circum/ances1 says to philosophy & fanaticism3 ,let u all ?ree live toge!r z well z we c4 ,,pop]y4 ,,papi/4--,8 highness has )9 8 pr9cipality ,lu!rans1 ,calv9i/s1 ,quak]s1 ,anabapti/s1 & ev5 ,jews2 & y wi% t he w\ld admit ,unit>ians8 ,,treasur]4--,c]ta9ly1 if ^! ,unit>ians br+ ) !m weal? & indu/ry4 ,y w only be ! bett] paid y\r wages4 ,,papi/4--,i mu/ confess t a dim9ution ( my wages w\ld be m disagreeable to me ?an ! admission ( ^! p]sons2 b1 !n1 !y d n believe t ,jesus ,*ri/ is ! ,son ( ,god4 ,,treasur]4--,:at does t signify to y1 provid$ t y are p]mitt$ to believe x1 & are well lodg$1 well clo!d1 & well f$8 ,! ,jews are f> f believ+ t ,he is ! ,son ( ,god1 & yet y are v easy ) ! ,jews1 ) :om y deposit y\r money at six p] c5t4 ,/4 ,paul himself has nev] spok5 ( ! div9ity ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o is undisguis$ly call$ a man4 ,dea?1 says he1 ent]$ into ! _w by ! s9 ( "o man 444 & by "o man1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! gift ( grace ha? ab\nd$ unto _m1 etc4 ,all ! e>ly fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* ?\ght l ,paul4 ,x is evid5t t1 = ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 ,jesus 0 cont5t ) ,8 humanity2 imag9e y\rself a ,*ri/ian ( "o ( ! fir/ ?ree c5turies4 ,,papi/4--,yes1 sir2 b nei!r d !y believe 9 et]nal puni%m5ts4 ,,treasur]4--,nor ,i ei!r2 be y damn$ et]nally if y please2 = my own "p1 ,i d n look = t advantage4 ,,papi/4--,ah1 sir6 x is v h>d n to be able to damn at pleasure all ! h]etics 9 ! _w2 b ! rage :i* ! ,unit>ian displays = r5d]+ ev]ybody f9ally happy is n my only compla9t4 ,"k1 t ^! mon/]s believe ! resurrection ( ! body no m ?an ! ,sadducees4 ,!y say1 t we are all an?ropophagi1 & t ! p>ticles :i* compose our gr&fa!rs & great-gr&fa!rs1 hav+ be5 necess>ily disp]s$ 9 ! atmosph]e1 become c>rots & asp>agus1 & t x is possible we may h dev\r$ a portion ( our ance/ors4 ,,treasur]4--,be x s2 our *ildr5 w d z mu* by u2 x is b repaym5t1 & ,papi/s w be z mu* b5efit$ z o!rs4 ,?is is no reason = driv+ y f ! /ates ( 8 highness2 & :y any m s = eject+ ! ,unit>ians8 ,rise aga91 if y are able2 x matt]s little :e!r ! ,unit>ians rise aga9 or no1 provid$ !y are useful dur+ _! lives4 ,,papi/4--,& :at1 sir1 d y say to orig9al s91 :i* !y boldly d5y8 ,are y n sc&aliz$ by _! ass]tion1 t ! ,p5tateu* says n a ^w ab\t x1 t ! bi%op ( ,hippo1 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 is ! fir/ :o decid$ly taught ?is dogma1 al?\gh x is evid5tly indicat$ by ,/4 ,paul8 ,,treasur]4--,truly1 if ! ,p5tateu* does n m5tion x1 t is n my fault4 ,:y n add a text or two ab\t orig9al s9 to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 z x is said y h add$ on o!r subjects8 ,i "k no?+ ( ^! subtleties2 x is my bus9ess only to pay y y\r /ip5d1 :5 ,i h ! money to d s4 ,,population4 ,,section ,i4 ,!re 7 v few cat]pill>s 9 my canton la/ ye>1 & we kill$ ne>ly ! :ole ( !m4 ,god has r5d]$ !m ?is ye> m num]\s ?an ! leaves4 ,is x n ne>ly ?us ) o!r animals1 & above all ) mank9d8 ,fam9e1 pe/il5ce1 dea?1 & ! two si/] diseases :i* h visit$ u f ,arabia & ,am]ica1 de/roy ! inhabitants ( a prov9ce1 & we are surpris$ at f9d+ x ab\nd ) p a hundr$ ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,i admit t x is a sacr$ duty to p ?is _w1 & t all animals are /imulat$ by pleasure to fulfil ?is int5tion ( ! great ,demi\rgos4 ,:y ?is inhabit+ ( ! e>?8 & to :at purpose =m s _m be+s to dev\r "o ano!r1 & ! animal man to cut ! ?roat ( 8 fell[1 f "o end ( ! e>? to ! o!r8 ,i am assur$ t ,i %all "o day be 9 ! possession ( ?is secret1 & 9 my "* ( an inquisitive man ,i exce$+ly desire x4 ,x is cle> t we ought to p ! e>? z mu* z we are able2 ev5 our heal? r5d]s x necess>y4 ,! wise ,arabians1 ! robb]s ( ! des]t1 9 ! treaties :i* !y made ) travell]s1 always /ipulat$ = girls4 ,:5 !y conqu]$ ,spa91 !y impos$ a tribute ( girls4 ,! c\ntry ( ,m$ia pays ! ,turks 9 girls4 ,! buccane]s br\ght girls f ,p>is to ! little isl& ( :i* !y took possession2 & x is relat$ t1 at ! f9e spectacle ) :i* ,romulus ent]ta9$ ! ,sab9es1 he /ole f !m ?ree hundr$ girls4 ,i _c conceive :y ! ,jews1 :om moreov] ,i rev]e1 kill$ ev]ybody 9 ,j]i*o1 ev5 to ! girls2 & :y !y say 9 ! ,psalms1 t x w be sweet to massacre ! infants at ! "m's brea/1 )\t except+ ev5 girls4 ,all o!r p1 :e!r ,t>t>s1 ,cannibals1 ,teutons1 or ,celts1 h always held girls 9 great reque/4 ,ow+ to ?is happy in/9ct1 x seems t ! e>? may "o day be cov]$ ) animals ( our own k9d4 ,fa!r ,petau makes ! inhabitants ( ! e>? sev5 hundr$ millions1 two hundr$ & eighty ye>s aft] ! deluge4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 at ! end ( ! ,arabian ,nights t he has pr9t$ ?is pleasant enum]ation4 ,i reckon at pres5t on our globe ab\t n9e hundr$ millions ( contempor>ies1 & an equal numb] ( ea* sex4 ,wallace makes !m a ?\s& millions4 ,am ,i 9 error1 or is he8 ,possibly bo? ( u2 b a t5? is a small matt]2 ! ari?metic ( hi/orians is usually mu* m errone\s4 ,i am some:at surpris$ t ! ari?metician ,wallace1 :o ext5ds ! numb] ( p at pres5t exi/+ to a ?\s& millions1 %\ld pret5d 9 ! same page1 t 9 ! ye> #iff1 aft] ! creation1 our =efa!rs am\nt$ to sixte5 hundr$ & t5 millions4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,i wi% ! epo* ( ! creation to be cle>ly e/abli%$2 & z1 9 our we/]n _w1 we h no less ?an eighty !ories ( ?is ev5t1 !re w be "s difficulty to hit on ! correct "o4 ,9 ! second place1 ! ,egyptians1 ! ,*aldans1 ! ,p]sians1 ! ,indians1 & ! ,*9ese1 h all diff]5t calculations2 & x is /ill m difficult to agree ) !m4 ,?irdly1 :y1 9 ! n9e hundr$ & sixty-six? ye> ( ! _w1 %\ld !re be m p ?an !re are at pres5t8 ,to expla9 ?is absurdity1 we are told t matt]s occurr$ o!rwise ?an at pres5t2 t nature1 be+ m vigor\s1 0 bett] concoct$ & m prolific2 &1 moreov]1 t p liv$ long]4 ,:y d !y n add1 t ! sun 0 w>m]1 & ! moon m beautiful4 ,we are told1 t 9 ! "t ( ,cs>1 al?\gh m5 _h begun to greatly deg5]ate1 ! _w 0 l an ants' ne/ ( bip$s2 b t at pres5t x is a des]t4 ,montesquieu1 :o always exagg]ates1 & :o sacrifices any?+ to an it*+ desire ( display+ 8 wit1 v5tures to believe1 & 9 8 ,p]sian ,lett]s w\ld h o!rs believe1 t !re 7 ?irty times z _m p 9 ! _w 9 ! days ( ,cs> z at pres5t4 ,wallace ackn[l$ges t ?is calculation made at r&om is too mu*2 b = :at reason8 ,because1 be=e ! days ( ,cs>1 ! _w possess$ m inhabitants ?an dur+ ! mo/ brilliant p]iod ( ! ,roman republic4 ,he !n asc5ds to ! "t ( ,semiramis1 & if possible exagg]ates m ?an ,montesquieu4 ,la/ly1 9 con=mity ) ! ta/e :i* is always attribut$ to ! ,holy ,_s = hyp]bole1 !y fail n to in/ance ! elev5 hundr$ & sixty ?\s& m51 :o m>*$ s fi]cely "u ! /&>ds ( ! great mon>*1 ,josophat1 or ,jehosophat1 k+ ( ! prov9ce ( ,judah4 ,en\gh1 en\gh1 ,mr4 ,wallace2 ! ,holy ,_s _c deceive2 b its ag5ts & copyi/s h badly calculat$ & numb]$4 ,all y\r ,scotl& w\ld n furni% elev5 hundr$ ?\s& m5 to att5d y\r s]mons1 & ! k+dom ( ,judah 0 n a tw5tie? "p ( ,scotl&4 ,see1 aga91 :at ,/4 ,j]ome says ( ?is poor ,holy ,l&1 9 :i* he s long resid$4 ,h y well calculat$ ! quantity ( money ! great ,k+ ,jehosophat mu/ h possess$1 to pay1 fe$1 clo!1 & arm elev5 hundr$ ?\s& *os5 m58 ,b ?us is hi/ory writt54 ,mr4 ,wallace returns f ,jehosophat to ,cs>1 & concludes1 t s9ce ! "t ( ?is dictator ( %ort duration1 ! _w has visibly decreas$ 9 ! numb] ( its inhabitants4 ,behold1 said he1 ! ,swiss3 accord+ to ! relation ( ,cs>1 !y am\nt$ to ?ree hundr$ & sixty-eight ?\s&1 :5 !y s wisely quitt$ _! c\ntry to seek _! =tunes1 l ! ,cimbri4 ,i wi% by ?is example to recall ^? p>tisans into a little due consid]ation1 :o gift ! anci5ts ) su* wond]s 9 ! way ( g5]ation1 at ! exp5se ( ! mod]ns4 ,! canton ( ,b]ne alone1 accord+ to an accurate c5sus1 possesses a great] numb] ( inhabitants ?an quitt$ ! :ole ( ,helvetia 9 ! "t ( ,cs>4 ,! human species is1 !re=e1 d\bl$ 9 ,helvetia s9ce t exp$ition4 ,i likewise believe1 t ,g]many1 ,france1 & ,engl& are mu* bett] peopl$ n[ ?an at t "t2 & = ?is reason3 ,i adduce ! va/ cle>ance ( =e/s1 ! numb] ( great t[ns built & increas$ dur+ ! la/ eight hundr$ ye>s1 & ! numb] ( arts :i* h orig9at$ 9 proportion4 ,?is ,i reg>d z a suffici5t answ] to ! braz5 declamation1 repeat$ e day 9 books1 9 :i* tru? is sacrific$ to sallies1 & :i* are r5d]$ useless by _! abundant wit4 ,l',ami des ,hommes says1 t 9 ! "t ( ,cs> fifty-two millions ( m5 7 assign$ to ,spa91 :i* ,/rabo obs]ves has always be5 badly peopl$1 ow+ to ! int]ior be+ s defici5t 9 wat]4 ,/rabo is app>5tly "r1 & ,l',ami des ,hommes errone\s4 ,b !y sc>e u by ask+ :at has become ( ! prodigi\s quantity ( ,huns1 ,alans1 ,o/rogo?s1 ,visigo?s1 ,v&als1 & ,lomb>ds1 :o spread l a torr5t ov] ,europe 9 ! fif? c5tury4 ,i di/ru/ ^! multitudes1 & suspect t tw5ty or ?irty ?\s& f]oci\s animals1 m or less1 7 suffici5t to ov]:elm ) fright ! :ole ,roman ,empire1 gov]n$ by a ,pul*]ia1 by eunu*s1 & by monks4 ,x 0 en\gh = t5 ?\s& b>b>ians to pass ! ,danube2 = e p>i% rumor1 or homily1 to make !m m num]\s ?an ! locu/s 9 ! pla9s ( ,egypt2 & call !m a sc\rge f ,god1 9 ord] to inspire p5it5ce1 & produce gifts ( money to ! conv5ts4 ,fe> seiz$ all ! inhabitants1 & !y fl$ 9 cr[ds4 ,behold precisely ! fright :i* a wolf caus$ 9 ! di/rict ( ,gev&5 9 ! ye> #agff4 ,m&>9 ! robb]1 at ! head ( fifty vagabonds1 put an entire t[n "u contribution4 ,z soon z he ent]$ at "o gate1 x 0 said at ! o!r1 t he br\ght ) him f\r ?\s& m5 & artill]y4 ,if ,attila1 foll[$ by fifty ?\s& hungry assass9s1 ravag$ prov9ce aft] prov9ce1 report w\ld call !m five hundr$ ?\s&4 ,! millions ( m5 :o foll[$ ,x]xes1 ,cyrus1 ,tomyris1 ! ?irty or =ty-f\r millions ( ,egyptians1 ,!bes ) h] hundr$ gates--,et quicquid ,grecia m5dax audet 9 hi/oria--resemble ! five hundr$ ?\s& m5 ( ,attila1 :i* company ( pleasant travell]s x w\ld h be5 difficult to f9d on ! j\rney4 ,^! ,huns came f ,sib]ia1 & !nce ,i conclude t !y came 9 v small numb]s4 ,sib]ia 0 c]ta9ly n m f]tile ?an 9 our own days4 ,i d\bt :e!r 9 ! reign ( ,tomyris a t[n exi/$ equal to ,tobolsk1 or t ^! frightful des]ts c fe$ a great numb] ( inhabitants4 ,india1 ,*9a1 ,p]sia1 & ,asia ,m9or 7 ?ickly peopl$2 ?is ,i c cr$it )\t difficulty2 & possibly !y are n less s at pres5t1 not)/&+ ! de/ructive preval5ce ( invasions & w>s4 ,?r\gh\t1 ,nature has clo!d !m ) pa/urage2 ! bull freely unites ) ! heif]1 ! ram ) ! %eep1 & man ) woman4 ,! des]ts ( ,b>ca1 ( ,arabia1 & ( ,oreb1 ( ,s9ai1 ( ,j]usalem1 ( ,gobi1 etc41 7 nev] peopl$1 are n peopl$ at pres5t1 & nev] w be peopl$2 at lea/1 until "s natural revolution happ5s to trans=m ^! pla9s ( s& & fl9t into f]tile l&4 ,! l& ( ,france is tol]ably good1 & x is suffici5tly inhabit$ by consum]s1 s9ce ( all k9ds !re are m ?an are well suppli$2 s9ce !re are two hundr$ ?\s& impo/ors1 :o beg f "o end ( ! c\ntry to ! o!r1 & su/a9 _! despicable lives at ! exp5se ( ! ri*2 & la/ly1 s9ce ,france supports m ?an eighty ?\s& monks1 ( :i* n a s+le "o assi/s to produce an e> ( corn4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,i believe t ,engl&1 ,prote/ant ,g]many1 & ,holl& are bett] peopl$ 9 proportion ?an ,france4 ,! reason is evid5t2 ^? c\ntries h>bor n monks :o v[ to ,god to be useless to man4 ,9 ^! c\ntries1 ! cl]gy1 hav+ little else to d1 occupy !mselves ) /udy & propagation4 ,!y give bir? to robu/ *ildr51 & give !m a bett] education ?an t :i* is be/[$ on ! (fspr+ ( ,fr5* & ,italian m>quises4 ,rome1 on ! contr>y1 w\ld be a des]t )\t c>d9als1 ambassadors1 & travell]s4 ,x w\ld be only an illu/ri\s monum5t1 l ! temple ( ,jupit] ,ammon4 ,9 ! "t ( ! fir/ ,cs>1 x 0 comput$ t ?is /]ile t]ritory1 r5d]$ f]tile by manure & ! labor ( slaves1 conta9$ "s millions ( m54 ,x 0 an exception to ! g5]al law1 t population is ord9>ily 9 proportion to f]tility ( soil4 ,conque/ r5d]$ ?is b>r5 c\ntry f]tile & popul\s4 ,a =m ( gov]nm5t z /range & contradictory z any :i* ev] a/oni%$ mank9d1 has re/or$ to ! t]ritory ( ,romulus its primitive "*4 ,! :ole c\ntry is depopulat$ f ,orvieto to ,t]rac9a4 ,rome1 r$uc$ to its own citiz5s1 w\ld be to ,london only z "o to twelve2 & 9 respect to money & comm]ce1 w\ld be to ! t[ns ( ,am/]dam & ,london z "o to a ?\s&4 ,t :i* ,rome has lo/1 ,europe has n only rega9$1 b ! population has almo/ tripl$ s9ce ! days ( ,*>lemagne4 ,i say tripl$1 :i* is mu*2 = propagation is n 9 geometrical progression4 ,all ! calculations made on ! idea ( ?is pret5d$ multiplication1 am\nt only to absurd *im]as4 ,if a family ( human be+s or ( apes multipli$ 9 ?is mann]1 at ! end ( two hundr$ ye>s ! e>? w\ld n be able to conta9 !m4 ,nature has tak5 c>e at once to pres]ve & re/ra9 ! v>i\s species4 ,%e resembles ! fates1 :o sp9 & cut ?reads cont9ually4 ,%e is occupi$ ) bir? & de/ruction alone4 ,if %e has giv5 to man m ideas & memory ?an to o!r animals2 if %e has r5d]$ him capable ( g5]aliz+ 8 ideas & comb9+ !m2 if he has ! advantage ( ! gift ( spee*1 %e has n be/[$ on him t ( multiplication equal to insects4 ,!re are m ants 9 a squ>e league ( hea?1 ?an ( m5 9 ! _w1 c\nt+ all t h ev] exi/$4 ,:5 a c\ntry possesses a great numb] ( idl]s1 be sure t x is well peopl$2 s9ce ^! idl]s are lodg$1 clo!d1 f$1 amus$1 & respect$ by ^? :o labor4 ,! pr9cipal object1 h[ev]1 is n to possess a sup]fluity ( m51 b to r5d] su* z we h z little unhappy z possible4 ,let u ?ank nature = plac+ u 9 ! temp]ate zone1 peopl$ almo/ ?r\gh\t by a m ?an suffici5t numb] ( inhabitants1 :o cultivate all ! arts2 & let u endeavor n to less5 ?is advantage by our absurdities4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,x mu/ be confess$1 t we ord9>ily p & depopulate ! _w a little at r&om2 & ev]ybody acts 9 ?is mann]4 ,we are little adapt$ to obta9 an accurate notion ( ?+s2 ! ne>ly is our only guide1 & x (t5 leads u a/ray4 ,x is /ill worse :5 we wi% to calculate precisely4 ,we g & see f>ces & laugh at !m2 b %\ld we laugh less 9 our closets :5 we read grave au?ors decid+ exactly h[ _m m5 exi/$ on ! e>? two hundr$ & eighty-five ye>s aft] ! g5]al deluge4 ,we f9d1 accord+ to ,fa!r ,petau1 t ! family ( ,noah _h produc$ "o ?\s& two hundr$ & tw5ty-f\r millions sev5 hundr$ & sev5te5 ?\s& inhabitants1 9 ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,! good prie/ ,petau evid5tly knew little ab\t gett+ *ildr5 & re>+ !m1 if we are to judge by ?is /atem5t4 ,accord+ to ,cumb]l&1 ?is family increas$ to ?ree ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & ?irty millions1 9 ?ree hundr$ & =ty ye>s2 & accord+ to ,:i/on1 ab\t ?ree hundr$ ye>s aft] ! ,deluge1 !y am\nt$ only to sixty-five millions f\r hundr$ & ?irty-six4 ,x is difficult to reconcile & to e/imate ^! acc\nts1 su* is ! extravagance :5 p seek to make ?+s accord :i* are repugnant1 & to expla9 :at is inexplicable4 ,?is unhappy endeavor has d]ang$ heads :i* 9 o!r pursuits might h made discov]ies b5eficial to society4 ,! au?ors ( ! ,engli% ,univ]sal ,hi/ory obs]ve1 x is g5]ally agre$ t ! pres5t inhabitants ( ! e>? am\nt to ab\t f\r ?\s& millions4 ,x is to be rem>k$1 t ^! g5tlem5 d n include 9 ?is numb] ! natives ( ,am]ica1 :i* compreh5ds ne>ly half ( ! globe4 ,= my own "p1 if1 in/ead ( a common romance1 ,i wi%$ to amuse myself by reckon+ up ! numb] ( bre?r5 ,i h on ?is unhappy little planet1 ,i w\ld proce$ z foll[s3 ,i w\ld fir/ endeavor to e/imate pretty ne>ly ! numb] ( inhabit$ squ>e leagues ?is e>? conta9s on its surface2 ,i %\ld !n say3 ,! surface ( ! globe conta9s tw5ty-sev5 millions ( squ>e leagues2 take away two-?irds at lea/ = seas1 riv]s1 lakes1 des]ts1 m\nta9s1 & all t is un9habit$2 ?is calculation1 :i* is v mod]ate1 leaves u n9e millions ( squ>e leagues to acc\nt =4 ,9 ,france & ,g]many1 !re are said to be six hundr$ p]sons to a squ>e league2 9 ,spa91 "o hundr$ & fifty2 9 ,russia1 fifte52 & ,t>t>y1 t54 ,take ! mean numb] at a hundr$1 & y w h ab\t n9e hundr$ millions ( bre?r51 includ+ mulattoes1 negroes1 ! br[n1 ! copp]-color$1 ! fair1 ! be>d$1 & ! unbe>d$4 ,x is n ?\ght1 inde$1 t ! numb] is s great z ?is2 & if eunu*s cont9ue to be made1 monks to multiply1 & w>s to be wag$ on ! mo/ trifl+ pretexts1 x is easy to p]ceive t we %all n v soon be able to mu/] ! f\r ?\s& millions1 ) :i* ! ,engli% au?ors ( ! ,univ]sal ,hi/ory h s lib]ally favor$ u2 b1 !n1 ( :at consequ5ce is x1 :e!r ! numb] ( m5 on ! e>? be great or small8 ,! *ief ?+ is to discov] ! means ( r5d]+ our mis]able species z little unhappy z possible4 ,,section ,,iv4 ,( ,! ,population ,( ,am]ica4 ,! discov]y ( ,am]ica--t field ( s mu* av>ice & s mu* ambition--has also become an object ( philosophical curiosity4 ,a great numb] ( writ]s h endeavor$ to prove t ,am]ica 0 a colony ( ! anci5t _w4 ,"s mode/ ma!maticians1 on ! contr>y1 h said1 t ! same p[] :i* has caus$ ! grass to gr[ 9 ,am]ican soil1 0 able to place man !re2 b ?is simple & nak$ sy/em has n be5 att5d$ to4 ,:5 ! great ,columbus suspect$ ! exi/5ce ( ?is new _w1 x 0 held to be impossible2 & ,columbus 0 tak5 = a vision>y4 ,:5 x 0 really discov]$1 x 0 !n f\nd out t x _h be5 kn[n long be=e4 ,x 0 pret5d$ t ,m>t9 ,behem1 a native ( ,nuremb]g1 quitt$ ,fl&]s ab\t ! ye> #adfj1 9 se>* ( ?is unkn[n _w2 t he made 8 way ev5 to ! ,/raits ( ,magellan1 ( :i* he left unkn[n *>ts4 ,z1 h[ev]1 x is c]ta9 t ,m>t9 ,behem did n p ,am]ica1 x mu/ c]ta9ly h be5 "o ( ! lat] gr&*ildr5 ( ,noah1 :o took ?is tr\ble4 ,all antiquity is !n ransack$ = acc\nts ( long voyages1 to :i* !y apply ! discov]y ( ?is f\r? qu>t] ( ! globe4 ,!y make ! %ips ( ,solomon proce$ to ,mexico1 & x is !nce t he drew ! gold ( ,ophir1 to procure :i* he borr[$ !m f ,k+ ,hiram4 ,!y f9d out ,am]ica 9 ,plato1 give ! honor ( x to ! ,c>?ag9ians1 & quote ?is anecdote f a book ( ,ari/otle :i* he nev] wrote4 ,hornius pret5ds to discov] "s con=mity betwe5 ! ,hebrew language & t ( ! ,c>ibs4 ,fa!r ,lafiteau1 ! ,jesuit1 has n fail$ to foll[ up s f9e an op5+4 ,! ,mexicans1 :5 greatly afflict$1 tore _! g>m5ts2 c]ta9 p ( ,asia =m]ly did ! same1 & ( c\rse !y are ! ance/ors ( ! ,mexicans4 ,x might be add$1 t ! natives ( ,langu$oc are v fond ( danc+2 & t1 z 9 _! rejoic+s ! ,hurons dance also1 ! ,langu$ocians are desc5d$ f ! ,hurons1 or ! ,hurons f ! ,langu$ocians4 ,! au?ors ( a trem5d\s ,univ]sal ,hi/ory pret5d t all ! ,am]icans are desc5d$ f ! ,t>t>s4 ,!y assure u t ?is op9ion is g5]al among ! le>n$1 b !y d n say :e!r x is s among ! le>n$ :o reflect4 ,accord+ to !m1 "s desc5dants ( ,noah c\ld f9d no?+ bett] to d1 ?an to g & settle 9 ! delici\s c\ntry ( ,kam*atka1 9 ! nor? ( ,sib]ia4 ,?is family be+ de/itute ( occupation1 resolv$ to visit ,canada ei!r by means ( %ips1 or by m>*+ pleasantly across "s slip ( connect+ l&1 :i* has n be5 discov]$ 9 our own times4 ,!y !n began to busy !mselves 9 propagation1 until ! f9e c\ntry ( ,canada soon becom+ inadequate to ! support ( s num]\s a population1 !y w5t to p ,mexico1 ,p]u1 ,*ile2 :ile c]ta9 ( _! great-gr&daught]s 7 9 due "t br\ght to b$ ( giants 9 ! ,/raits ( ,magellan4 ,z f]oci\s animals are f\nd 9 "s ( ! w>m c\ntries ( ,am]ica1 ^! au?ors pret5d1 t ! ,*ri/oph] ,columbuses ( ,kam*atka took !m into ,canada = _! amusem5t1 & c>efully conf9$ !mselves to ^? k9ds :i* are no long] to be f\nd 9 ! anci5t hemisph]e4 ,b ! ,kam*atkans h n alone peopl$ ! new _w2 !y h be5 *>itably assi/$ by ! ,mant*\ ,t>t>s1 by ! ,huns1 by ! ,*9ese1 & by ! inhabitants ( ,japan4 ,! ,mant*\ ,t>t>s are inconte/ably ! ance/ors ( ! ,p]uvians1 = ,mango ,capac 0 ! fir/ inca ( ,p]u4 ,mango resembles ,manco2 ,manco s\nds l ,mancu2 ,mancu approa*es ,mant*u1 & ,mant*\ is v close to ! latt]4 ,no?+ c be bett] demon/rat$4 ,z = ! ,huns1 !y built 9 ,hung>y a t[n call$ ,cunadi4 ,n[1 *ang+ ,cu into ,ca1 we h ,canadi1 f :i* ,canada manife/ly d]ives its "n4 ,a plant resembl+ ! g9s5g ( ! ,*9ese1 gr[s 9 ,canada1 :i* ! ,*9ese transplant$ into ! latt] ev5 be=e !y 7 ma/]s ( ! "p ( ,t>t>y :]e x is indig5\s4 ,moreov]1 ! ,*9ese are su* great navigators1 !y =m]ly s5t fleets to ,am]ica )\t ma9ta9+ ! lea/ correspond5ce ) _! colonies4 ,) respect to ! ,japanese1 !y are ! ne>e/ neighbors ( ,am]ica1 :i*1 z !y are di/ant only ab\t twelve hundr$ leagues1 !y h d\btless visit$ 9 _! "t1 al?\gh latt]ly !y h neglect$ repeat+ ! voyage4 ,?us is hi/ory writt5 9 our own days4 ,:at %all we say to ^!1 & _m o!r sy/ems :i* resemble !m8 ,no?+4 ,,possess$4 ,( all ^? :o boa/ ( hav+ leagues ) ! devil1 to ! possess$ alone x is ( no use to reply4 ,if a man says to y1 ,i am possess$1 y %\ld believe x on 8 ^w4 ,!y are n oblig$ to d v extraord9>y ?+s2 & :5 !y d !m1 x is m ?an c fairly be dem&$4 ,:at c we answ] to a man :o rolls 8 eyes1 twi/s 8 m\?1 & tells y t he has ! devil )9 him8 ,ev]yone feels :at he feels2 & z ! _w 0 =m]ly full ( possess$ p]sons1 we may /ill meet ) !m4 ,if !y take measures to conqu] ! _w1 we give !m prop]ty & !y become m mod]ate2 b = a poor demoniac1 :o is cont5t ) a few convulsions1 & does no h>m to anyone1 x is n "r to make him injuri\s4 ,if y dispute ) him1 y w infallibly h ! wor/ ( x4 ,he w tell y1 ,! devil ent]$ me to-day "u su* a =m2 f t "t ,i h _h a sup]natural colic1 :i* all ! apo!c>ies 9 ! _w _c assuage4 ,!re is c]ta9ly no o!r plan to be tak5 ) ?is man1 ?an to exorcise or ab&on him to ! devil4 ,x is a great pity t !re are no long] possess$ magicians or a/rolog]s4 ,we c conceive ! cause ( all ^! my/]ies4 ,a hundr$ ye>s ago all ! nobility liv$ 9 _! ca/les2 ! w9t] ev5+s are long1 & !y w\ld h di$ ( ennui )\t ^! noble amusem5ts4 ,!re 0 sc>cely a ca/le :i* a fairy did n visit on c]ta9 m>k$ days1 l ! fairy ,melus9a at ! ca/le ( ,lusignan4 ,! great hunt]1 a tall black man1 hunt$ ) a pack ( black dogs 9 ! =e/ ( ,fonta9ebleau4 ,! devil twi/$ ,m>%al ,fab]t's neck4 ,e village _h its sorc]] or sorc]ess2 e pr9ce _h 8 a/rolog]2 all ! ladies _h _! =tunes told2 ! possess$ ran ab\t ! fields2 x 0 :o _h se5 ! devil or c\ld see him2 all ^! ?+s 7 inexhau/ible subjects ( conv]sation :i* kept m9ds 9 ex]cise4 ,9 ! pres5t day we insipidly play at c>ds1 & we h lo/ by be+ undeceiv$4 ,,po/4 ,=m]ly1 if y _h "o fri5d at ,con/ant9ople & ano!r at ,mosc[1 y w\ld h be5 oblig$ to wait = _! return be=e y c\ld obta9 any intellig5ce conc]n+ !m4 ,at pres5t1 )\t ei!r ( y leav+ y\r ap>tm5ts1 y may famili>ly conv]se ?r\gh ! m$ium ( a %eet ( pap]4 ,y may ev5 despat* to !m by ! po/1 "o ( ,arnaults sov]eign rem$ies = apoplexy1 :i* w\ld be receiv$ mu* m infallibly1 probably1 ?an x w\ld cure4 ,if "o ( y\r fri5ds has occasion = a supply ( money at ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 & ! o!r at ,smyrna1 ! po/ w completely & rapidly effect y\r bus9ess4 ,y\r mi/ress is at ,bordeaux1 :ile y are ) y\r regim5t be=e ,prague2 %e gives y regul> acc\nts ( ! con/ancy ( h] affections2 y "k f h] all ! news ( ! city1 except h] own infidelities4 ,9 %ort1 ! po/ is ! gr& connect+ l9k ( all transactions1 ( all negotiations4 ,^? :o are abs5t1 by its means become pres5t2 x is ! consolation ( life4 ,france1 :]e ?is beautiful inv5tion 0 reviv$1 ev5 9 our p]iod ( b>b>ism1 has h]eby conf]r$ ! mo/ important s]vice on all ,europe4 ,%e has also nev] 9 any in/ance h]self m>r$ & ta9t$ s valuable a b5efit1 & nev] has any m9i/] :o sup]9t5d$ ! dep>tm5t ( ! po/ op5$ ! lett]s ( any individual1 except :5 x 0 absolutely necess>y t he %\ld "k _! cont5ts4 ,x is n ?us1 we are told1 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,x is ass]t$1 t 9 ,g]many private lett]s1 pass+ ?r\gh ! t]ritories ( five or six diff]5t gov]nm5ts1 h be5 read j t numb] ( times1 & t at la/ ! seal has be5 s ne>ly de/roy$ t x became necess>y to sub/itute a new "o4 ,mr4 ,craggs1 secret>y ( /ate 9 ,engl&1 w\ld nev] p]mit any p]son 9 8 (fice to op5 private lett]s2 he said t to d s 0 a brea* ( public fai?1 & t no man ought to possess himself ( a secret t 0 n volunt>ily confid$ to him2 t x is (t5 a great] crime to /eal a man's ?\ghts ?an 8 gold2 & t su* trea*]y is proportionally m disgraceful1 z x may be committ$ )\t dang]1 & )\t ev5 ! possibility ( conviction4 ,to bewild] ! eag]ness ( curiosity & defeat ! vigilance ( malice1 a me?od 0 at fir/ inv5t$ ( writ+ a "p ( ! cont5ts ( lett]s 9 ciph]s2 b ! "p writt5 9 ! ord9>y h& 9 ?is case sometimes s]v$ z a key to ! re/4 ,?is inconv5i5ce l$ to p]fect+ ! art ( ciph]s1 :i* is call$ /5ography4 ,aga9/ ^! enigmatical productions 0 br\ght ! art ( deciph]+2 b ?is art 0 exce$+ly defective & ineffici5t4 ,! only advantage d]iv$ f x 0 excit+ ! belief 9 weak & ill-=m$ m9ds1 t _! lett]s _h be5 deciph]$1 & all ! pleasure x af=d$ consi/$ 9 giv+ su* p]sons pa94 ,accord+ to ! law ( probabilities1 9 a well-con/ruct$ ciph] !re w\ld be two1 ?ree1 or ev5 f\r hundr$ *ances aga9/ "o1 t 9 ea* m>k ! deciph]] w\ld n discov] ! syllable ( :i* x 0 ! repres5tative4 ,! numb] ( *ances increases 9 proportion to ! complication ( ! ciph]s2 & deciph]+ is utt]ly impossible :5 ! sy/em is arrang$ ) any +5uity4 ,^? :o boa/ t !y c deciph] a lett]1 )\t be+ at all acqua9t$ ) ! subject ( :i* x treats1 & )\t any prelim9>y assi/ance1 are great] *>latans ?an ^? :o boa/1 if any su* are to be f\nd1 ( und]/&+ a language :i* !y nev] le>n$4 ,) respect to ^? :o 9 a free & easy way s5d y by po/ a trag$y1 9 good r\nd h&1 ) blank leaves1 on :i* y are reque/$ k9dly to make y\r obs]vations1 or :o 9 ! same way regale y ) a fir/ volume ( metaphysical rese>*es1 to be spe$ily foll[$ by a second1 we may j :isp] 9 _! e> t a little m discretion w\ld d no h>m1 & ev5 t !re are "s c\ntries :]e !y w\ld run "s risk by ?us in=m+ ! adm9i/ration ( ! day t !re are su* ?+s 9 ! _w z bad poets & bad metaphysicians4 ,,p[]--,,omnipot5ce4 ,i presume e read] ( ?is article to be conv9c$ t ! _w is =m$ ) intellig5ce1 & t a slight k ( a/ronomy & anatomy is suffici5t to produce admiration ( t univ]sal & supreme intellig5ce4 ,once m ,i repeat m5s agitat molem4 ,c ! read] ( himself asc]ta9 t ?is intellig5ce is omnipot5t1 t is to say1 inf9itely p[]ful8 ,has he ! slighte/ notion ( inf9ity1 to enable him to compreh5d ! mean+ & ext5t ( almighty p[]8 ,! celebrat$ philosophic hi/orian1 ,david ,hume1 says1 ,a weight ( t5 ounces is rais$ 9 a balance by ano!r weight2 ?is o!r weight !re=e is m ?an t5 ounces2 b no "o c rationally inf] t x mu/ necess>ily be a hundr$ weight4 ,we may fairly & judici\sly apply "h ! same argum5t4 ,y ackn[l$ge a supreme intellig5ce suffici5tly p[]ful to =m y\rself1 to pres]ve y = a limit$ "t 9 life1 to rew>d y & to puni% y4 ,are y suffici5tly acqua9t$ ) x to be able to demon/rate t x c d m ?an ?is8 ,h[ c y prove by y\r reason t a be+ c d m ?an x has actually done8 ,! life ( all animals is %ort4 ,c\ld he make x long]8 ,all animals are food = "o ano!r )\t exception2 ev]y?+ is born to be dev\r$4 ,c\ld he =m )\t de/roy+8 ,y "k n :at 8 nature is4 ,x is impossible1 !re=e1 t y %\ld "k :e!r 8 nature may n h compell$ him to d only ! v ?+s :i* he has done4 ,! globe on :i* we live is "o va/ field ( de/ruction & c>nage4 ,ei!r ! ,supreme ,be+ 0 able to make ( x an et]nal mode ( enjoym5t = all be+s possess$ ( s5sation1 or ,he 0 n4 ,if ,he 0 able & yet did n d x1 y w und\bt$ly tremble to pron\nce or consid] ,him a malefic5t be+2 b if ,he 0 unable to d s1 d n tremble to reg>d ,him z a p[] ( v great ext5t inde$1 b nev]!less circumscrib$ by ,8 nature )9 c]ta9 limits4 ,:e!r x be inf9ite or n1 is n ( any consequ5ce to y4 ,x is p]fectly indiff]5t to a subject :e!r 8 sov]eign possesses five hundr$ leagues ( t]ritory or five ?\s&2 he is 9 ei!r case nei!r m nor less a subject4 ,:i* w\ld reflect mo/ /rongly on ?is great & ineffable ,be+3 to say ,he made mis]able be+s because x 0 indisp5sable to d s2 or t ,he made !m m]ely because x 0 ,8 w & pleasure8 ,_m sects repres5t ,him z cruel2 o!rs1 ?r\gh fe> ( admitt+ ! exi/5ce ( a wick$ ,deity1 are d>+ en\gh to d5y ,8 exi/5ce at all4 ,w\ld x n be f> pref]able to say t probably ! necessity ( ,8 own nature & t ( ?+s h det]m9$ ev]y?+8 ,! _w is ! !atre ( moral & natural evil2 ?is is too decid$ly f\nd & felt to be ! case2 & ! all is = ! be/ ( ,%aftesbury1 ,bol+broke1 & ,pope1 is no?+ b ! effusion ( a m9d devot$ to ecc5tricity & p>adox2 9 %ort1 no?+ b a dull je/4 ,! two pr9ciples ( ,zoroa/] & ,manes1 s m9utely inve/igat$ by ,bayle1 are a dull] je/ /ill4 ,!y are1 z we h already obs]v$1 ! two physicians ( ,molire1 "o ( :om says to ! o!r3 ,y excuse my emetics1 & ,i w excuse y\r ble$+s4 ,mani*ism is absurd2 & t circum/ance w acc\nt = its hav+ _h s _m p>tisans4 ,i ackn[l$ge t ,i h n _h my m9d enlight5$ by all t ,bayle has said ab\t ! ,mani*ans & ,paulicians4 ,x is all controv]sy2 :at ,i want$ 0 pure philosophy4 ,:y speak ab\t our my/]ies to ,zoroa/]8 ,z soon z ev] we h ! tem]ity to discuss ! critical subject ( our my/]ies1 we op5 to our view ! mo/ trem5d\s precipices4 ,! tra% ( our own s*ola/ic !ology has no?+ to d ) ! tra% ( ,zoroa/]'s rev]ies4 ,:y discuss ) ,zoroa/] ! subject ( orig9al s98 ,t subject did n become a matt] ( dispute until ! "t ( ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,nei!r ,zoroa/] nor any o!r legislator ( antiquity ev] he>d x m5tion$4 ,if y dispute ) ,zoroa/]1 lock up y\r ,old & ,new ,te/am5t1 ) :i* he _h n ! slighte/ acqua9tance1 & :i* x is our duty to rev]e )\t attempt+ to expla94 ,:at ,i %\ld myself h said to ,zoroa/] w\ld h be5 ?is3 ,my reason opposes ! admission ( two gods 9 conflict ) ea* o!r2 su* an idea is all[able only 9 a poem 9 :i* ,m9]va qu>rels ) ,m>s4 ,my weak und]/&+ mu* m readily acquiesces 9 ! notion ( only "o ,great ,be+1 ?an 9 t ( two great be+s1 ( :om "o is con/antly c\nt]act+ & spoil+ ! op]ations ( ! o!r4 ,y\r evil pr9ciple1 ,arimanes1 has n be5 able to d]ange a s+le a/ronomical & physical law e/abli%$ by ! good pr9ciple ( ,oromazes2 ev]y?+ proce$s1 among ! numb]less worlds :i* con/itute :at we call ! heav5s1 ) p]fect regul>ity & h>mony2 h[ comes x t ! malignant ,arimanes has p[] only ov] ?is little globe ( e>?8 ,_h ,i be5 ,arimanes1 ,i %\ld h assail$ ,oromazes 9 8 imm5se & noble prov9ces1 compreh5d+ numb]s ( suns & />s4 ,i %\ld nev] h be5 cont5t to conf9e ! w> to an insignificant & mis]able village4 ,!re c]ta9ly is a great deal ( mis]y 9 ?is same village2 b h[ c we possibly asc]ta9 t x is n absolutely inevitable8 ,y are compell$ to admit an intellig5ce diffus$ ?r\gh ! univ]se4 ,b 9 ! fir/ place1 d y absolutely "k t ?is intellig5ce comprises a k ( ! future8 ,y h ass]t$ a ?\s& times t x does2 b y h nev] be5 able to prove x to me1 or to compreh5d x y\rself4 ,y _c h any idea h[ any be+ c see :at does n exi/2 well1 ! future does n exi/1 !re=e no be+ c see x4 ,y are r$uc$ to ! necessity ( say+ t he =esees x2 b to =esee is only to conjecture4 ,n[ a god :o1 accord+ to y\r sy/em1 conjectures may be mi/ak54 ,he is1 on y\r pr9ciples1 really mi/ak52 = if he _h =ese5 t 8 enemy w\ld poison all 8 works 9 ?is l[] _w1 he w\ld nev] h produc$ !m2 he w\ld n h be5 accessory to ! disgrace he su/a9s 9 be+ p]petually vanqui%$4 ,secondly1 is he n mu* m honor$ ^u my hypo!sis1 :i* ma9ta9s t he does ev]y?+ by ! necessity ( 8 own nature1 ?an ^u y\rs1 :i* raises up aga9/ him an enemy1 disfigur+1 pollut+1 & de/roy+ all 8 works ( wisdom & k9dness ?r\gh\t ! _w6 ,9 ! ?ird place1 x by no means implies a mean & unwor?y idea ( ,god to say t1 aft] =m+ millions ( worlds1 9 :i* dea? & evil may h no resid5ce1 x might be necess>y t dea? & evil %\ld reside 9 ?is4 ,f\r?1 x is n deprecat+ ,god to say t ,he c\ld n =m man )\t be/[+ on him self-love2 t ?is self-love c\ld n be 8 guide )\t almo/ always lead+ him a/ray2 t 8 passions are necess>y1 b at ! same "t noxi\s2 t ! cont9uation ( ! species _c be accompli%$ )\t desires2 t ^! desires _c op]ate )\t excit+ qu>rels2 & t ^! qu>rels necess>ily br+ on w>s1 etc4 ,fif?1 on obs]v+ a "p ( ! comb9ations ( ! vegetable1 animal1 & m9]al k+doms1 & ! por\s nature ( ! e>?1 9 e "p s m9utely pi]c$ & drill$ l a sieve1 & f :i* exhalations con/antly rise 9 imm5se pr(usion1 :at philosoph] w be bold en\gh1 :at s*oolman w be weak en\gh1 decid$ly to ma9ta9 t nature c\ld possibly prev5t ! ravages ( volcanoes1 ! intemp]ature ( seasons1 ! rage ( tempe/s1 ! poison ( pe/il5ce1 or1 9 %ort1 any ( ^? sc\rages :i* afflict ! _w8 ,six?1 a v great degree ( p[] & skill are requir$ to =m lions :o dev\r bulls1 & to produce m5 :o inv5t arms :i* de/roy1 by a s+le bl[1 n m]ely ! life ( bulls & lions1 b--melan*oly z ! idea is--! life ( "o ano!r4 ,great p[] is necess>y to produce ! spid]s :i* spread _! exquisitely f9e ?reads & net-"w to cat* flies2 b ?is p[] am\nts n to omnipot5ce--x is n b\ndless p[]4 ,9 ! sev5? place1 if ! ,supreme ,be+ _h be5 inf9itely p[]ful1 no reason c be assign$ :y ,he %\ld n h made creatures end[$ ) s5sation inf9itely happy2 ,he has n 9 fact done s2 !re=e we ought to conclude t ,he c\ld n d s4 ,eigh?1 all ! diff]5t sects ( philosoph]s h /ruck on ! rock ( physical & moral evil4 ,! only conclusion t c be securely rea*$ is1 t ,god1 act+ always = ! be/1 has done ! be/ t ,he 0 able to d4 ,n9?1 ?is necessity cuts (f all difficulties & t]m9ates all disputes4 ,we h n ! h>dihood to say3 ,all is good2 we say3 ,!re is no m evil ?an 0 absolutely inevitable4 ,t5?1 :y d "s infants die at ! "m's brea/8 ,:y are o!rs1 aft] exp]i5c+ ! fir/ mis=tune ( be+ born1 res]v$ = torm5tes z la/+ z _! lives1 :i* are at l5g? end$ by an appall+ dea?8 ,:y has ! s\rce ( life be5 poison$ ?r\gh\t ! _w s9ce ! discov]y ( ,am]ica8 ,:y1 s9ce ! sev5? c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 has ! smallpox swept away an eigh? portion ( ! human species8 ,:y1 9 e age ( ! _w1 h human bladd]s be5 liable to be conv]t$ into /one qu>ries8 ,:y pe/il5ce1 & w>1 & fam9e1 & ! ,inquisition8 ,consid] ! subject z c>efully1 z pr(\ndly1 z ! p[]s ( ! m9d w absolutely p]mit1 y w f9d no o!r possible solution ?an t all is necess>y4 ,i address myself "h solely to philosoph]s1 & n to div9es4 ,we "k t fai? is ! clue to guide u ?r\gh ! labyr9?4 ,we "k full well t ! fall ( ,adam & ,eve1 orig9al s91 ! va/ p[] communicat$ to devils1 ! pr$ilection ent]ta9$ by ! ,supreme ,be+ = ! ,jewi% p1 & ! c]emony ( baptism sub/itut$ = t ( circumcision1 are answ]s t cle> up e difficulty4 ,we h be5 "h argu+ only aga9/ ,zoroa/]1 & n aga9/ ! ,univ]sity ( ,coimbra1 to ^: decisions & doctr9es1 9 all ! articles ( our "w1 we submit ) all possible def]5ce & fai?4 ,see ! lett]s ( ,memmius to ,cic]o2 & answ] !m if y c4 ,,p[]4 ,! ,two ,p[]s4 ,,section ,i4 ,:oev] holds bo? ! sceptre & ! c5s] has 8 h&s completely occupi$4 ,if he gov]ns a p possess$ ( common s5se he may be consid]$ z a v able man2 b if 8 subjects h no m m9d ?an *ildr5 or savages1 he may be comp>$ to ,b]ni]'s coa*man1 :o 0 "o day sudd5ly surpris$ by 8 ma/] 9 "o ( ! public places ( ,delhi1 h>angu+ ! populace1 & di/ribut+ among !m 8 quack m$ic9es4 ,:at6 ,lapi]re1 says ,b]ni] to him1 h y turn$ physician8 ,yes1 sir1 repli$ ! coa*man2 l p1 l doctor4 ,! dairo ( ! ,japanese1 or ! gr& lama ( ,?ibet1 might make j ! same rem>k4 ,ev5 ,numa ,pompilius1 ) 8 ,eg]ia1 w\ld h answ]$ ,b]ni] 9 ! same mann]4 ,mel*iz$ek 0 probably 9 a simil> situation1 z well z ! ,anius :om ,virgil introduces 9 ! foll[+ two l9es ( ! ?ird book ( 8 neid3 ,rex ,anius1 rex idem hom9um ,phbique sac]dos1 ,vittis et sacra r$imitus tempora lauro4--,,virgil4 ,anius1 ! prie/ & k+1 ) laurel cr[n$ ,8 ho>y locks ) purple fillets b\nd4--,,dryd54 ,?is *>latan ,anius 0 m]ely k+ ( ! isle ( ,delos1 a v paltry k+dom1 :i*1 next to ^? ( ,mel*iz$ek & ,yvetot1 0 "o ( ! lea/ consid]able 9 ! _w2 b ! wor%ip ( ,apollo _h conf]r$ on x a high reputation2 a s+le sa9t is en\gh to raise any c\ntry into cr$it & consequ5ce4 ,?ree ( ! ,g]man electors are m p[]ful ?an ,anius1 &1 l him1 unite ! rights ( ! mitre ) ^? ( ! cr[n2 al?\gh 9 subord9ation1 at lea/ app>5tly s1 to ! ,roman emp]or1 :o is no o!r ?an ! emp]or ( ,g]many4 ,b ( all ! c\ntries 9 :i* ! pl5itude ( ecclesia/ical & ! pl5itude ( royal claims comb9e to =m ! mo/ full & complete p[] t c be imag9$1 mod]n ,rome is ! *ief4 ,! pope is reg>d$ 9 ! ,ca?olic "p ( ,europe z ! fir/ ( k+s & ! fir/ ( prie/s4 ,x 0 ! same 9 :at 0 call$ pagan ,rome2 ,julius ,cs> 0 at once *ief pontiff1 dictator1 w>rior1 & conqu]or2 di/+ui%$ also bo? = eloqu5ce & gallantry2 9 e respect ! fir/ ( mank9d2 & ) :om no mod]n1 except 9 a d$ication1 c\ld ev] be comp>$4 ,! k+ ( ,engl&1 be+ ! head also ( ! ,*ur*1 possesses ne>ly ! same dignities z ! pope4 ,! empress ( ,russia is likewise absolute mi/ress ov] h] cl]gy1 9 ! l>ge/ empire exi/+ ^u e>?4 ,! notion t two p[]s may exi/1 9 opposition to ea* o!r1 9 ! same /ate1 is !re reg>d$ ev5 by ! cl]gy !mselves z a *im]a equally absurd & p]nici\s4 ,9 ?is connection ,i _c help introduc+ a lett] :i* ! empress ( ,russia1 ,ca!r9e ,,ii41 did me ! honor to write to me at ,m\nt ,krapak1 on ,aug4 #bb1 #agfe1 & :i* %e p]mitt$ me to make use ( z ,i might see occasion3 ,! ,capu*9s :o are tol]at$ at ,mosc[ 7= tol]ation is g5]al ?r\gh\t ! ,russian empire1 & ! ,jesuits alone are n suff]$ to rema9 9 x71 hav+1 9 ! c\rse ( ! la/ w9t]1 ob/9ately refus$ to int] a ,fr5*man :o di$ sudd5ly1 "u a pret5ce t he _h n receiv$ ! sacram5ts1 ,abraham ,*aumeix drew up a factum1 or /atem5t1 aga9/ !m1 9 ord] to prove to !m t x 0 obligatory ^u !m to bury ! dead4 ,b nei!r ?is factum1 nor two requisitions ( ! gov]nor1 c\ld prevail on ^! fa!rs to obey4 ,at la/ !y 7 au?oritatively told t !y mu/ ei!r bury ! ,fr5*man or remove beyond ! fronti]s4 ,!y actually remov$ accord+ly2 & ,i s5t "s ,augu/9s f ?is place1 :o 7 some:at m tractable1 & :o1 p]ceiv+ t no trifl+ or delay w\ld be p]mitt$1 did all t 0 desir$ on ! occasion4 ,?us ,abraham ,*aumeix has 9 ,russia become a reasonable man2 he absolutely is an enemy to p]secution2 7 he also to become a man ( wit & intellect1 he w\ld make ! mo/ incr$ul\s believe 9 miracles2 b all ! miracles 9 ! _w w n blot out ! disgrace ( hav+ be5 ! d5\nc] ( ! ',encyclopdia4' ,! subjects ( ! ,*ur*1 hav+ suff]$ _m1 & frequ5tly tyrannical1 grievances1 :i* ! frequ5t *ange ( ma/]s v consid]ably increas$1 t[>ds ! end ( ! reign ( ! empress ,elizabe?1 rose 9 actual rebellion2 & at my accession to ! ?rone !re 7 m ?an a hundr$ ?\s& m5 9 arms4 ,?is occasion$ me1 9 #agfb1 to execute ! project ( *ang+ entirely ! adm9i/ration ( ! prop]ty ( ! cl]gy1 & to settle on !m fix$ rev5ues4 ,ars5ius1 bi%op ( ,ro/[1 /r5u\sly oppos$ ?is1 urg$ on by "s ( 8 bro!r cl]gy1 :o did n feel x p]fectly conv5i5t to put !mselves =w>d by "n4 ,he s5t 9 two memorials1 9 :i* he attempt$ to e/abli% ! absurd pr9ciple ( two p[]s4 ,he _h made ! l attempt be=e1 9 ! "t ( ! empress ,elizabe?1 :5 he _h be5 simply enjo9$ sil5ce2 b 8 insol5ce & folly r$\bl+1 he 0 n[ tri$ by ! metropolitan ( ,novgorod & ! :ole synod1 condemn$ z a fanatic1 f\nd guilty ( attempts contr>y to ! or?odox fai?1 z well z to ! supreme p[]1 depriv$ ( 8 dignity & prie/hood1 & deliv]$ ov] to ! secul> arm4 ,i act$ l5i5tly t[>ds him2 & aft] r$uc+ him to ! situation ( a monk1 ext5d$ 8 puni%m5t no f>!r4 ,su* are ! v words ( ! empress2 & ! inf]5ce f ! :ole case is t %e well kn[s bo? h[ to support ! ,*ur* & h[ to re/ra9 x2 t %e respects humanity z well z religion2 t %e protects ! labor] z well z ! prie/2 & t all ord]s 9 ! /ate ought bo? to admire & bless h]4 ,i %all hope to be excus$ = ! fur!r indiscretion ( transcrib+ "h a passage conta9$ 9 ano!r ( h] lett]s1 writt5 on ,novemb] #bh1 #agfe3 ,tol]ation is e/abli%$ among u2 x con/itutes a law ( ! /ate2 p]secution is prohibit$4 ,we h inde$ fanatics :o1 z !y are n p]secut$ by o!rs1 burn !mselves2 b if ^? ( o!r c\ntries also did ! same1 no great h>m c\ld result2 ! _w1 9 consequ5ce ( su* a sy/em1 w\ld h be5 m tranquil1 & ,calas w\ld n h be5 rack$ to dea?4 ,d n imag9e t %e writes 9 ?is /yle f a feel+ ( transi5t & va9 en?usiasm1 contradict$ aft]w>ds 9 h] practice1 nor ev5 f a laudable desire ( obta9+ ?r\gh\t ,europe ! suffrages & applause ( ^? :o ?9k1 & tea* o!rs ! way to ?9k4 ,%e lays d[n ^! pr9ciples z ! basis ( h] gov]nm5t4 ,%e wrote ) h] own h&1 9 ! ,c\ncil ( ,legislations1 ! foll[+ words1 :i* %\ld be engrav$ on ! gates ( e city 9 ! _w3 ,9 a great empire1 ext5d+ its sway ov] z _m diff]5t nations z !re are diff]5t cre$s among mank9d1 ! mo/ p]nici\s fault w\ld be intol]ance4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t %e does n hesitate to put intol]ance 9 ! rank ( faults--,i _h ne>ly said (f5ces4 ,?us does an absolute empress1 9 ! dep?s ( ! ,nor?1 put an end to p]secution & slav]y--:ile 9 ! ,s\?--4 ,judge = y\rself1 sir1 aft] ?is1 :e!r !re w be f\nd a man 9 ,europe :o w n be ready to sign ! eulogium y propose4 ,n only is ?is pr9cess tol]ant1 b %e is desir\s t h] neighbors %\ld be s likewise4 ,?is is ! fir/ in/ance 9 :i* supreme p[] has be5 ex]cis$ 9 e/abli%+ lib]ty ( consci5ce4 ,x con/itutes ! gr&e/ epo* ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$ 9 mod]n hi/ory4 ,! case ( ! anci5t ,p]sians =bidd+ ! ,c>?ag9ians to (f] human sacrifices is a some:at simil> in/ance4 ,w\ld to ,god1 t in/ead ( ! b>b>ians :o =m]ly p\r$ f ! pla9s ( ,scy?ia1 & ! m\nta9s ( ,imaus & ,caucasus1 t[>ds ! ,alps & ,pyr5ees1 c>ry+ ) !m ravage & desolation1 armies might be se5 at ! pres5t day desc5d+ to subv]t ! tribunal ( ! ,inquisition--a tribunal m horrible ?an ev5 ! sacrifices ( human be+s :i* con/itute ! et]nal reproa* ( our =efa!rs4 ,9 %ort1 ?is sup]ior g5ius wi%es to conv9ce h] neighbors ( :at ,europe is n[ beg9n+ to compreh5d1 t metaphysical un9telligible op9ions1 :i* are ! daught]s ( absurdity1 are ! mo!rs ( discord2 & t ! ,*ur*1 in/ead ( say+3 ,i come to br+1 n peace1 b ! sword1 %\ld exclaim al\d3 ,i br+ peace1 & n ! sword4 ,accord+ly ! empress is unwill+ to draw ! sword aga9/ any b ^? :o wi% to cru% ! dissid5ts4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,conv]sation ,betwe5 ,! ,rev]5d ,fa!r ,b\vet1 ,mission>y ,( ,! ,company ,( ,jesus1 ,& ,! ,emp]or ,camhi1 ,9 ,! ,pres5ce ,( ,bro!r ,attiret1 ,a ,jesuit2 ,extract$ ,f ,! ,private ,memoirs ,( ,! ,mission1 ,9 #aggb4 ,,fa!r ,,b\vet4 ,yes1 may x please y\r sacr$ maje/y1 z soon z y w h _h ! happ9ess ( be+ baptiz$ by me1 :i* ,i hope w be ! case1 y w be reliev$ ( "o-half ( ! imm5se burd5 :i* n[ oppresses y4 ,i h m5tion$ to y ! fable ( ,atlas1 :o support$ ! heav5s on 8 %\ld]s4 ,h]cules reliev$ him & c>ri$ away ! heav5s4 ,y are ,atlas1 & ,h]cules is ! pope4 ,!re w be two p[]s 9 y\r empire4 ,our excell5t ,clem5t w be ! fir/4 ,^u ?is plan y w enjoy ! greate/ ( all advantages2 ^? ( be+ at leisure :ile y live1 & ( be+ sav$ :5 y die4 ,,! ,,emp]or4 ,i am exce$+ly oblig$ to my de> fri5d1 ! pope1 = condesc5d+ to take s mu* tr\ble2 b h[ w he be able to gov]n my empire at ! di/ance ( six ?\s& leagues8 ,,fa!r ,,b\vet4 ,no?+1 may x please y\r ,imp]ial ,maje/y1 c be m easy4 ,we are 8 vic>s apo/olic1 & he is ! vic> ( ,god2 y w !re=e be gov]n$ by ,god ,himself4 ,,! ,,emp]or4 ,h[ delightful t w be6 ,i am n1 h[ev]1 q easy on ! subject4 ,w y\r vice-god %>e ! imp]ial rev5ues ) myself8 ,= all labor ought to be paid =4 ,,fa!r ,,b\vet4 ,our vice-god is s k9d & good t 9 g5]al he w n take1 at mo/1 m ?an a qu>t]1 except 9 cases ( disob$i5ce4 ,our emolum5ts w n exce$ fifty million ounces ( pure silv]1 :i* is surely a trifl+ object 9 comp>ison ) heav5ly advantages4 ,,! ,,emp]or4 ,yes1 x is c]ta9ly1 z y say1 giv+ !m almo/ = no?+4 ,i suppose y\r celebrat$ & b5evol5t city d]ives j ab\t ! same sum f ea* ( my ?ree neighbors--! ,great ,mogul1 ! ,emp]or ( ,japan1 & ! ,empress ( ,russia2 & also f ! ,p]sian & ! ,turki% empires8 ,,fa!r ,,b\vet4 ,i _c exactly say t is yet ! case2 b1 ) ,gods help & our own1 ,i h no d\bt x w be s4 ,,! ,,emp]or4 ,& h[ are y1 :o are ! vic>s apo/olic1 to be paid8 ,,fa!r ,,b\vet4 ,we h no regul> wages2 b we are some:at l ! pr9cipal female "* 9 a com$y writt5 by "o ,c\nt ,caylus1 a c\ntryman ( m9e2 all t ,i 444 is = myself4 ,,! ,,emp]or4 ,b pray in=m me :e!r y\r ,*ri/ian pr9ces 9 ,europe pay y\r ,italian fri5d or patron 9 proportion to ! assessm5t laid on me4 ,,fa!r ,,b\vet4 ,no1 !y d n6 ,"o-half ( ,europe has sep>at$ f him & pays him no?+2 & ! o!r pays him no m ?an x is oblig$ to pay4 ,,! ,,emp]or4 ,y told me "s "t s9ce t he 0 sov]eign ( a v f9e & f]tile t]ritory4 ,,fa!r ,,b\vet4 ,yes2 b x produces v little to him2 x lies mo/ly uncultivat$4 ,,! ,,emp]or4 ,poor man6 he does n "k h[ to cultivate 8 own t]ritory1 & yet pret5ds to gov]n m9e4 ,,fa!r ,,b\vet4 ,=m]ly1 9 "o ( our c\ncils--t is1 9 "o ( our assemblies ( prie/s1 :i* 0 held 9 a city call$ ,con/ance--our holy fa!r caus$ a proposition to be made = a new tax = ! support ( 8 dignity4 ,! assembly repli$ t any necessity = t w\ld be p]fectly preclud$ by 8 att5d+ to ! cultivation ( 8 own l&s4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 he took effectual c>e n to d4 ,he pref]r$ liv+ on ! produce ( ^? :o labor 9 o!r k+doms4 ,he appe>$ to ?9k t ?is mann] ( liv+ _h an air ( great] gr&eur4 ,,! ,,emp]or4 ,well1 g & tell him f me1 t ,i n only make ^? ab\t me labor1 b t ,i also labor myself2 & ,i d\bt mu* :e!r x w be = him4 ,,fa!r ,,b\vet4 ,holy ,virg96 ,i am absolutely tak5 = a fool6 ,,! ,,emp]or4 ,begone1 ?is in/ant6 ,i h be5 too indulg5t4 ,,bro!r ,,attiret ,,to ,,fa!r ,,b\vet4 ,i 0 "r1 y see1 :5 ,i told y t ! emp]or1 ) all 8 excell5ce ( he>t1 _h also m und]/&+ ?an bo? ( u toge!r4 ,,pray] 7,,public71 ,,?anksgiv+1 ,,etc4 ,v few =ms ( public pray]s us$ by ! anci5ts /ill rema94 ,we h only ,horace's beautiful hymn = ! secul> games ( ! anci5t ,romans4 ,?is pray] is 9 ! rhy?m & measure :i* ! o!r ,romans long aft] imitat$ 9 ! hymn1 ,ut queat laxis reson>e fibris4 ,! ,p]vigilium ,v5]is is writt5 9 a qua9t & affect$ ta/e1 & seems unwor?y ( ! noble simplicity ( ! reign ( ,augu/us4 ,x is possible t ?is hymn to ,v5us may h be5 *ant$ 9 ! fe/ivals celebrat$ 9 honor ( t goddess2 b x _c be d\bt$ t ! poem ( ,horace 0 *ant$ ) mu* great] solemnity4 ,x mu/ be all[$ t ?is secul> poem ( ,horace is "o ( ! f9e/ productions ( antiquity2 & t ! hymn1 ,ut queat laxis1 is "o ( ! mo/ flat & vapid pieces t appe>$ dur+ ! b>b>\s p]iod ( ! decl9e ( ! ,lat9 language4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ^? times paid little att5tion to eloqu5ce & poetry4 ,we all "k v well t ,god pref]s bad v]ses recit$ ) a pure he>t1 to ! f9e/ v]ses possible *ant$ by ! wick$4 ,good v]ses1 h[ev]1 nev] yet did any h>m1 &--all o!r ?+s be+ equal--mu/ des]ve a pref]5ce4 ,no?+ among u ev] approa*$ ! secul> games1 :i* 7 celebrat$ at ! expiration ( e hundr$ & t5 ye>s4 ,our jubilee is only a fa9t & feeble copy ( x4 ,?ree magnific5t alt>s 7 erect$ on ! banks ( ! ,tib]4 ,all ,rome 0 illum9at$ = ?ree successive nights2 & fifte5 prie/s di/ribut$ ! lu/ral wat] & wax tap]s among ! m5 & wom5 ( ! city :o 7 appo9t$ to *ant ! pray]s4 ,a sacrifice 0 fir/ (f]$ to ,jupit] z ! great god1 ! sov]eign ma/] ( ! gods2 & aft]w>ds to ,juno1 ,apollo1 ,latona1 ,diana1 ,pluto1 ,pros]p9e1 & ! ,fates1 z to inf]ior p[]s4 ,all ^! div9ities _h _! own peculi> hymns & c]emonies4 ,!re 7 two *oirs1 "o ( tw5ty-sev5 boys1 & ! o!r ( tw5ty-sev5 girls1 = ea* ( ! div9ities4 ,f9ally1 on ! la/ day1 ! boys & girls1 cr[n$ ) fl[]s1 *ant$ ! ode ( ,horace4 ,x is true t 9 private h\ses 8 o!r odes1 = ,ligur9us & ,liciscus & o!r contemptible *>act]s1 7 he>d at table2 p]=mances :i* und\bt$ly 7 n calculat$ to excite ! f9e/ feel+s ( devotion2 b !re is a "t = all ?+s1 pictoribus atque poetis4 ,c>accio1 :o drew ! figures ( ,aret91 pa9t$ sa9ts also2 & 9 all our colleges we h excus$ 9 ,horace :at ! ma/]s ( ! ,roman ,empire excus$ 9 him )\t any difficulty4 ,z to =ms ( pray]1 we h only a few slight fragm5ts ( t :i* 0 recit$ at ! my/]ies ( ,isis4 ,we h quot$ x else:]e1 b we w repeat x "h1 because x is at once %ort & beautiful3 ,! cele/ial p[]s obey !e2 hell is 9 subjection to !e2 ! univ]se revolves "u ?y mov+ h&2 ?y feet tread on ,t>t>us2 ! />s are responsive to ?y voice2 ! seasons return at ?y comm&2 ! elem5ts are ob$i5t to ?y w4 ,we repeat also ! =m suppos$ to h be5 us$ 9 ! wor%ip ( ! anci5t ,orpheus1 :i* we ?9k sup]ior ev5 to ! above respect+ ,isis3 ,walk 9 ! pa? ( ju/ice2 adore ! sole ,ma/] ( ! ,univ]se2 ,he is ,"o ,alone1 & self-exi/5t2 all o!r be+s owe _! exi/5ce to ,him2 ,he acts bo? 9 !m & by !m2 ,he sees all1 b has nev] be5 ,himself se5 by mortal eyes4 ,x is n a little extraord9>y t 9 ! ,leviticus & ,deut]onomy ( ! ,jews1 !re is n a s+le public pray]1 n "o s+le =mula ( public wor%ip4 ,x seems z if ! ,levites 7 fully employ$ 9 divid+ among !mselves ! vi&s t 7 (f]$ to !m4 ,we d n ev5 see a s+le pray] in/itut$ = _! great fe/ivals ( ! ,passov]1 ! ,p5teco/1 ! trumpets1 ! tab]nacles1 ! g5]al expiation1 or ! new moon4 ,! le>n$ are almo/ unanim\sly agre$ t !re 7 no regul> pray]s among ! ,jews1 except :51 dur+ _! captivity at ,babylon1 !y adopt$ some:at ( ! mann]s1 & acquir$ some?+ ( ! sci5ces1 ( t civiliz$ & p[]ful p4 ,!y borr[$ all f ! ,*aldaic ,p]sians1 ev5 to _! v language1 *>act]s1 & num]als2 & jo9+ "s new cu/oms to _! old ,egyptian rites1 !y became a new p1 s mu* ! m sup]/iti\s ?an be=e1 9 consequ5ce ( _! be+1 aft] ! conclusion ( a long captivity1 /ill always dep5d5t ^u _! neighbors4 444 ,9 rebus ac]bis ,arcius adv]tunt animos ad religionem4 --,,lucretius1 book iii41 #eb1 #ec4 444 ,! common r\t1 ,:5 c>es & dang]s press1 gr[ m dev\t4 --,,cree*4 ,) respect to ! t5 o!r tribes :o _h be5 previ\sly disp]s$1 we may reasonably believe t !y 7 z de/itute ( public =ms ( pray] z ! two o!rs1 & t !y _h n1 ev5 up to ! p]iod ( _! disp]sion1 any fix$ & well-def9$ religion1 z !y ab&on$ t :i* !y pr(ess$ ) s mu* facility1 & =got ev5 _! own "n1 :i* _c be said ( ! small numb] ( un=tunate be+s :o return$ to rebuild ,j]usalem4 ,x is1 !re=e1 at t p]iod t ! two tribes1 or r ! two tribes & a half1 seem$ to h fir/ atta*$ !mselves to c]ta9 inv>iable rites1 to h writt5 books1 & us$ regul> pray]s4 ,x is n be=e t "t t we beg9 to see among !m =ms ( pray]4 ,esdras orda9$ two pray]s = e day1 & add$ a ?ird = ! ,sabba?2 x is ev5 said t he in/itut$ eighte5 pray]s1 t !re might be room = selection1 & also to af=d v>iety 9 ! s]vice4 ,! fir/ ( ^! beg9s 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,bless$ be ,?\1 ,o ,"l ,god ( our fa!rs1 ! ,god ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob2 ! great ,god1 ! p[]ful1 ! t]rible1 ! mo/ high1 ! lib]al di/ributor ( good ?+s1 ! =m] & possessor ( ! _w1 :o rememb]e/ good actions1 & s5de/ a ,r$eem] to _! desc5dants = ,?y "n's sake4 ,o ,k+1 our help & ,savi\r1 our buckl]1 bless$ be ,?\1 ,o ,"l1 ! buckl] ( our fa!r ,abraham4 ,x is ass]t$ t ,gamaliel1 :o liv$ 9 ! "t ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & :o _h su* viol5t qu>rels ) ,/4 ,paul1 ord]$ a n9ete5? pray]1 :i* is z foll[s3 ,grant peace1 b5efits1 bless+1 favor1 k9dness1 & piety to u1 & to ,?y p ,israel4 ,bless u1 ,o our ,fa!r6 bless u altoge!r ) ! light ( ,?y c\nt5ance2 = by ! light ( ,?y c\nt5ance ,?\ ha/ giv5 u1 ,o ,"l our ,god1 ! law ( life1 love1 k9dness1 equity1 bless+1 piety1 & peace4 ,may x please ,!e to bless1 ?r\gh all "t1 & at e mom5t1 ,?y p ,israel1 by giv+ !m peace4 ,bless$ be ,?\1 ,o ,"l1 :o blesse/ ,?y p ,israel by giv+ !m peace4 ,am54 ,!re is "o circum/ance des]v+ ( rem>k ) reg>d to _m pray]s1 :i* is1 t e nation has pray$ = ! direct contr>y ev5ts to ^? pray$ = by _! neighbors4 ,! ,jews1 = example1 pray$ t ,god w\ld ext]m9ate ! ,syrians1 ,babylonians1 & ,egyptians2 & ^! pray$ t ,god w\ld ext]m9ate ! ,jews2 &1 accord+ly1 !y may be said to h be5 s1 ) respect to ! t5 tribes1 :o h be5 conf\nd$ & mix$ up ) s _m nations2 & ! rema9+ two tribes 7 m un=tunate /ill2 =1 z !y ob/9ately p]sev]$ 9 rema9+ sep>ate f all o!r nations 9 ! mid/ ( :om !y dwelt1 !y 7 depriv$ ( ! gr& advantages ( human society4 ,9 our own times1 9 ! c\rse ( ! w>s t we s frequ5tly und]take = ! sake ( p>ticul> cities1 or ev5 p]haps villages1 ! ,g]mans & ,spani>ds1 :5 !y happ5$ to be ! enemies ( ! ,fr5*1 pray$ to ! ,holy ,virg91 f ! bottom ( _! he>ts1 t %e w\ld completely defeat ! ,gauls & ! ,gava*es1 :o 9 _! turn supplicat$ h]1 ) equal importunity1 to de/roy ! ,m>anes & ! ,teutons4 ,9 ,engl& advocates ( ! r$ rose (f]$ up to ,/4 ,george ! mo/ ard5t pray]s to prevail ^u him to s9k all ! p>tisans ( ! :ite rose to ! bottom ( ! sea4 ,! :ite rose 0 equally dev\t & importunate = ! v opposite ev5t4 ,we c all ( u h "s idea ( ! emb>rassm5t :i* ?is mu/ h caus$ ,/4 ,george2 & if ,h5ry ,,vii4 _h n come to 8 assi/ance1 ,/4 ,george w\ld nev] h be5 able to get extricat$ f x4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,we "k ( no religion )\t pray]s2 ev5 ! ,jews _h !m1 al?\gh !re 0 no public =m ( pray] among !m be=e ! "t :5 !y sang _! canticles 9 _! synagogues1 :i* did n take place until a late p]iod4 ,! p ( all nations1 :e!r actuat$ by desires or fe>s1 h invok$ ! assi/ance ( ! ,div9ity4 ,philosoph]s1 h[ev]1 m respectful to ! ,supreme ,be+1 & ris+ m above human weakness1 h be5 habituat$ to sub/itute1 = pray]1 resignation4 ,?is1 9 fact1 is all t appe>s prop] & suitable betwe5 creature & ,creator4 ,b philosophy is n adapt$ to ! great mass ( mank9d2 x so>s too high above ! vulg>2 x speaks a language !y are unable to compreh5d4 ,to propose philosophy to !m w\ld be j z weak z to propose ! /udy ( conic sections to peasants or fi%-wom54 ,among ! philosoph]s !mselves1 ,i "k ( no "o besides ,maximus ,tyrius :o has treat$ ( ?is subject4 ,! foll[+ is ! sub/ance ( 8 ideas ^u x3 ,! designs ( ,god exi/ f all et]nity4 ,if ! object pray$ = be con=mable to ,8 immutable w1 x mu/ be p]fectly useless to reque/ ( ,him ! v ?+ :i* ,he has det]m9$ to d4 ,if ,he is pray$ to = ! rev]se ( :at ,he has det]m9$ to d1 ,he is pray$ to be weak1 fickle1 & incon/ant2 su* a pray] implies t ?is is ?\ght to be ,8 "*1 & is no?+ bett] ?an ridicule or mock]y ( ,him4 ,y ei!r reque/ ( ,him :at is j & "r1 9 :i* case ,he ought to d x1 & x w be actually done )\t any solicitation1 :i* 9 fact %[s di/ru/ ( ,8 rectitude2 or :at y reque/ is unju/1 & !n y insult ,him4 ,y are ei!r wor?y or unwor?y ( ! favor y implore3 if wor?y1 ,he kn[s x bett] ?an y d y\rself2 if unwor?y1 y commit an additional crime 9 reque/+ t :i* y d n m]it4 ,9 a ^w1 we (f] up pray]s to ,god only because we h made ,him aft] our own image4 ,we treat ,him l a pa%a1 or a sultan1 :o is capable ( be+ exasp]at$ & appeas$4 ,9 %ort1 all nations pray to ,god3 ! sage is resign$1 & obeys ,him4 ,let u pray ) ! p1 & let u be resign$ to ,him ) ! sage4 ,we h already spok5 ( ! public pray]s ( _m nations1 & ( ^? ( ! ,jews4 ,t p h _h "o f "t immemorial1 :i* des]ves all our att5tion1 f its resemblance to ! pray] taught u by ,jesus ,*ri/ ,himself4 ,?is ,jewi% pray] is call$ ! ,kadi%1 & beg9s ) ^! words3 ,o1 ,god6 let ,?y "n be magnifi$ & sanctifi$2 make ,?y k+dom to prevail2 let r$emption fl\ri%1 & ! ,messiah come quickly6 ,z ?is ,kadi% is recit$ 9 ,*aldee x has induc$ ! belief t x is z anci5t z ! captivity1 & t x 0 at t p]iod t ! ,jews began to hope = a ,messiah1 a ,lib]ator1 or ,r$eem]1 :om !y h s9ce pray$ = 9 ! seasons ( _! calamities4 ,! circum/ance ( ?is ^w ,messiah be+ f\nd 9 ?is anci5t pray] has occasion$ mu* controv]sy on ! subject ( ! hi/ory ( ?is p4 ,if ! pray] orig9at$ dur+ ! ,babyloni% captivity1 x is evid5t t ! ,jews at t "t mu/ h hop$ = & expect$ a ,r$eem]4 ,b :5ce does x arise1 t 9 times m dreadfully calamit\s /ill1 aft] ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem by ,titus1 nei!r ,josephus nor ,philo ev] m5tion$ any expectation ( a ,messiah8 ,!re are obscurities 9 ! hi/ory ( e p2 b ^? ( ! ,jews =m an absolute & p]petual *aos4 ,x is un=tunate = ^? :o are desir\s ( in=mation1 t ! ,*aldans & ,egyptians h lo/ _! ar*ives1 :ile ! ,jews h pres]v$ !irs4 ,,prejudice4 ,prejudice is an op9ion )\t judgm5t4 ,?us1 ?r\gh\t ! _w1 *ildr5 are inspir$ ) op9ions be=e !y c judge4 ,!re are univ]sal & necess>y prejudices1 & ^! ev5 con/itute virtue4 ,9 all c\ntries1 *ildr5 are taught to ackn[l$ge a rew>d+ & puni%+ ,god2 to respect & love _! fa!rs & mo!rs2 to reg>d !ft z a crime1 & int]e/$ ly+ z a vice1 be=e !y c tell :at is a virtue or a vice4 ,prejudice may1 !re=e1 be v useful1 & su* z judgm5t w ratify :5 we reason4 ,s5tim5t is n simply prejudice1 x is some?+ mu* /rong]4 ,a "m loves n h] son because %e is told t %e mu/ love him2 %e =tunately *]i%es him 9 spite ( h]self4 ,x is n ?r\gh prejudice t y run to ! aid ( an unkn[n *ild ne>ly fall+ d[n a precipice1 or be+ dev\r$ by a bea/4 ,b x is ?r\gh prejudice t y w respect a man dress$ 9 c]ta9 clo!s1 walk+ gravely1 & talk+ at ! same "t4 ,y\r p>5ts h told y t y mu/ b5d to ?is man2 y respect him be=e y "k :e!r he m]its y\r respect2 y gr[ 9 age & k2 y p]ceive t ?is man is a quack1 made up ( pride1 int]e/1 & artifice2 y despise t :i* y rev]$1 & prejudice yields to judgm5t4 ,?r\gh prejudice1 y h believ$ ! fables ) :i* y\r infancy 0 lull$3 y are told t ! ,titans made w> aga9/ ! gods1 t ,v5us 0 amor\s ( ,adonis2 at twelve ye>s ( age y take ^! fables = tru?2 at tw5ty1 y reg>d !m z +5i\s allegories4 ,let u exam9e1 9 a few words1 ! diff]5t k9ds ( prejudices1 9 ord] to arrange our ideas4 ,we %all p]haps be l ^? :o1 9 ! "t ( ! s*eme ( ,law1 p]ceiv$ t !y _h calculat$ ^u imag9>y ri*es4 ,prejudices ,( ,! ,s5ses4 ,is x n an amus+ ?+1 t our eyes always deceive u1 ev5 :5 we see v well1 & t on ! contr>y our e>s d n8 ,:5 y\r prop]ly-=m$ e> he>s3 ,y are beautiful2 ,i love y1 x is v c]ta9 t ! words are n3 ,i hate y2 y are ugly2 b y see a smoo? mirror--x is demon/rat$ t y are deceiv$2 x is a v r\gh surface4 ,y see ! sun ab\t two feet 9 diamet]2 x is demon/rat$ t x is a million times l>g] ?an ! e>?4 ,x seems t ,god has put tru? into y\r e>s1 & error into y\r eyes2 b /udy optics1 & y w p]ceive t ,god has n deceiv$ y1 & t x 0 impossible = objects to appe> to y o!rwise ?an y see !m 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s4 ,physical ,prejudices4 ,! sun rises1 ! moon also1 ! e>? is immovable2 ^! are natural physical prejudices4 ,b t crabs are good = ! blood1 because :5 boil$ !y are ( ! same color2 t eels cure p>alysis1 because !y frisk ab\t2 t ! moon influ5ces our diseases1 because an invalid 0 "o day obs]v$ to h an increase ( fev] dur+ ! wane ( ! moon3 ^! ideas & a ?\s& o!rs 7 ! errors ( anci5t *>latans1 :o judg$ )\t reason1 & :o1 be+ !mselves deceiv$1 deceiv$ o!rs4 ,hi/orical ,prejudices4 ,! great] "p ( hi/orians h believ$ )\t exam9+1 & ?is confid5ce is a prejudice4 ,fabius ,pictor relates1 t1 sev]al ages be=e him1 a ve/al ( ! t[n ( ,alba1 go+ to draw wat] 9 h] pit*]1 0 violat$1 t %e 0 deliv]$ ( ,romulus & ,remus1 t !y 7 n\ri%$ by a %e-wolf4 ,! ,roman p believ$ ?is fable2 !y exam9$ n :e!r at t "t !re 7 ve/als 9 ,latium2 :e!r x 0 likely t ! daught] ( a k+ %\ld g out ( h] conv5t ) a pit*]1 or :e!r x 0 probable t a %e-wolf %\ld suckle two *ildr51 in/ead ( eat+ !m3 prejudice e/abli%$ x4 ,a monk writes t ,clovis1 be+ 9 great dang] at ! battle ( ,tolbiac1 made a v[ to become a ,*ri/ian if he escap$2 b is x natural t he %\ld address a /range god on su* an occasion8 ,w\ld n ! religion 9 :i* he 0 born h act$ ! mo/ p[]fully8 ,:]e is ! ,*ri/ian :o1 9 a battle aga9/ ! ,turks1 w\ld n r address himself to ! holy ,virg9 ,m>y1 ?an to ,mahomet8 ,he adds1 t a pigeon br\ght ! vial 9 8 beak to ano9t ,clovis1 & t an angel br\ght ! oriflamme to conduct him3 ! prejudic$ believ$ all ! /ories ( ?is k9d4 ,^? :o are acqua9t$ ) human nature well "k1 t ! usurp] ,clovis1 & ! usurp] ,rollo1 or ,rol1 became ,*ri/ians to gov]n ! ,*ri/ians m securely2 z ! ,turki% usurp]s became ,mussulmans to gov]n ! ,mussulmans m securely4 ,religi\s ,prejudices4 ,if y\r nurse has told y1 t ,c]es presides ov] corn1 or t ,vi%nu & ,xaca became m5 sev]al times1 or t ,sammonocodom cut d[n a =e/1 or t ,od9 expects y 9 8 hall ne> ,jutl&1 or t ,mahomet1 or "s o!r1 made a j\rney to heav52 f9ally1 if y\r preceptor aft]w>ds ?ru/s into y\r bra9 :at y\r nurse has engrav5 on x1 y w possess x = life4 ,if y\r judgm5t w\ld rise above ^! prejudices1 y\r neighbors1 & above all1 ! ladies1 exclaim impiety6 & fright5 y2 y\r d]vi%1 fe>+ to see 8 rev5ue dim9i%$1 accuses y be=e ! cadi2 & ?is cadi1 if he c1 causes y to be impal$1 because he w\ld comm& fools1 & he believes t fools obey bett] ?an o!rs2 :i* /ate ( ?+s w la/ until y\r neighbors & ! d]vi% & cadi beg9 to compreh5d t folly is good = no?+1 & t p]secution is abom9able4 ,,presbyt]ian4 ,! ,anglican religion is pr$om9ant only 9 ,engl& & ,irel&2 ,presbyt]ianism is ! e/abli%$ religion ( ,scotl&4 ,?is ,presbyt]ianism is no?+ m ?an pure ,calv9ism1 su* z once exi/$ 9 ,france1 & /ill exi/s at ,g5eva4 ,9 comp>ison ) a "y & lively ,fr5* ba*elor 9 div9ity1 brawl+ dur+ ! morn+ 9 ! s*ools ( !ology1 & s++ ) ! ladies 9 ! ev5+1 a ,*ur*-(-,engl& div9e is a ,cato2 b ?is ,cato is himself a gallant 9 pres5ce ( ! ,scotti% ,presbyt]ians4 ,! latt] affect a solemn walk1 a s]i\s demeanor1 a l>ge hat1 a long robe b5ea? a %ort "o1 & prea* ?r\gh ! nose4 ,all *ur*es 9 :i* ! ecclesia/ics are s happy z to receive an annual income ( fifty ?\s& livres1 & to be address$ by ! p z my "l1 y\r grace1 or y\r em95ce1 !y d5om9ate ! :ore ( ,babylon4 ,^! g5tlem5 h also sev]al *ur*es 9 ,engl&1 :]e !y ma9ta9 ! same mann]s & gravity z 9 ,scotl&4 ,x is to !m *iefly t ! ,engli% are indebt$ = ! /rict sanctification ( ,sunday ?r\gh\t ! ?ree k+doms4 ,!y are =bidd5 ei!r to labor or to amuse !mselves4 ,no op]a1 no conc]t1 no com$y1 9 ,london on a ,sunday4 ,ev5 c>ds are expressly =bidd52 & !re are only c]ta9 p ( quality1 :o are deem$ op5 s\ls1 :o play on t day4 ,! re/ ( ! nation att5d s]mons1 tav]ns1 & _! small affairs ( love4 ,al?\gh ,episcopacy & ,presbyt]ianism pr$om9ate 9 ,great ,brita91 all o!r op9ions are welcome & live tol]ably well toge!r1 al?\gh ! v>i\s prea*]s reciprocally dete/ "o ano!r ) ne>ly ! same cordiality z a ,jans5i/ damns a ,jesuit4 ,ent] into ! ,royal ,ex*ange ( ,london1 a place m respectable ?an _m c\rts1 9 :i* deputies f all nations assemble = ! advantage ( mank9d4 ,!re ! ,jew1 ! ,mahometan1 & ! ,*ri/ian b>ga9 ) "o ano!r z if !y 7 ( ! same religion1 & be/[ ! "n ( infidel on bankrupts only4 ,!re ! ,presbyt]ian gives cr$it to ! ,anabapti/1 & ! vot>y ( ! e/abli%m5t accepts ! promise ( ! ,quak]4 ,on ! sep>ation ( ^! free & pacific assemblies1 "s visit ! synagogue1 o!rs repair to ! tav]n4 ,"h "o proce$s to baptize 8 son 9 a great tub1 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/2 !re ano!r deprives 8 boy ( a small portion ( 8 =esk91 & mutt]s ov] ! *ild "s ,hebrew words :i* he _c und]/&2 a ?ird k9d ha/5 to _! *apels to wait = ! inspiration ( ! ,"l ) _! hats on2 & all are cont5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,john ,calv94 ,0 !re 9 ,london b "o religion1 despotism might be appreh5d$2 if two only1 !y w\ld seek to cut ea* o!rs ?roats2 b z !re are at lea/ ?irty1 !y live toge!r 9 peace & happ9ess4 ,,pret5sions4 ,!re is n a s+le pr9ce 9 ,europe :o does n assume ! title ( sov]eign ( a c\ntry possess$ by 8 neighbor4 ,?is political madness is unkn[n 9 ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,! k+ ( ,b\tan nev] call$ himself emp]or ( ,*9a2 nor did ! sov]eign ( ,t>t>y ev] assume ! title ( k+ ( ,egypt4 ,! mo/ spl5did & compreh5sive pret5sions h always be5 ^? ( ! popes2 two keys1 salti]1 gave !m cle> & decid$ possession ( ! k+dom ( heav54 ,!y b\nd & unb\nd ev]y?+ on e>?4 ,?is ligature made !m ma/]s ( ! cont95t2 & ,/4 ,pet]'s nets gave !m ! dom9ion ( ! seas4 ,_m le>n$ !ologians ?\ght1 t :5 ^! gods 7 assail$ by ! ,titans1 call$ ,lu!rans1 ,anglicans1 & ,calv9i/s1 etc41 !y !mselves r$uc$ "s articles ( _! pret5sions4 ,x is c]ta9 t _m ( !m became m mode/1 & t _! cele/ial c\rt att5d$ m to propriety & dec5cy2 b _! pret5sions 7 r5ew$ on e opportunity t (f]$4 ,no o!r pro( is necess>y ?an ! conduct ( ,aldobr&9i1 ,clem5t ,,viii41 to ! great ,h5ry ,,iv41 :5 x 0 deem$ necess>y to give him an absolution t he _h no occasion =1 on acc\nt ( 8 be+ already absolv$ by ! bi%ops ( 8 own k+dom1 & also on acc\nt ( 8 be+ victori\s4 ,aldobr&9i at fir/ resi/$ = a :ole ye>1 & refus$ to ackn[l$ge ! duke ( ,nem\rs z ! ambassador ( ,france4 ,at la/ he cons5t$ to op5 to ,h5ry ! gate ( ! k+dom ( heav51 on ! foll[+ conditions3 #a4 ,t ,h5ry %\ld ask p>don = hav+ made ! sub-port]s--t is1 ! bi%ops--op5 ! gate to him1 in/ead ( apply+ to ! gr& port]4 #b4 ,t he %\ld ackn[l$ge himself to h =feit$ ! ?rone ( ,france till ,aldobr&9i1 by ! pl5itude ( 8 p[]1 re9/at$ him on x4 #c4 ,t he %\ld be a second "t consecrat$ & cr[n$2 ! fir/ coronation hav+ be5 null & void1 z x 0 p]=m$ )\t ! express ord] ( ,aldobr&9i4 #d4 ,t he %\ld expel all ! ,prote/ants f 8 k+dom2 :i* w\ld h be5 nei!r honorable nor possible4 ,x w\ld n h be5 honorable1 because ! ,prote/ants _h pr(usely %$ _! blood to e/abli% him z k+ ( ,france2 & x w\ld n h be5 possible1 z ! numb] ( ^! dissid5ts am\nt$ to two millions4 #e4 ,t he %\ld imm$iately make w> on ! ,gr& ,turk1 :i* w\ld n h be5 m honorable or possible ?an ! la/ condition1 z ! ,gr& ,turk _h recogniz$ him z k+ ( ,france at a "t :5 ,rome refus$ to d s1 & z ,h5ry _h nei!r troops1 nor money1 nor %ips1 to engage 9 su* an insane w> ) 8 fai?ful ally4 #f4 ,t he %\ld receive 9 an attitude ( complete pro/ration ! absolution ( ! pope's legate1 accord+ to ! usual =m 9 :i* x is adm9i/]$2 t is 9 fact1 t he %\ld be actually sc\rg$ by ! legate4 #g4 ,t he %\ld recall ! ,jesuits1 :o _h be5 expell$ f 8 k+dom by ! p>liam5t = ! attempt made to assass9ate him by ,jean ,*tel1 _! s*ol>4 ,i omit _m o!r m9or pret5sions4 ,h5ry obta9$ a mitigation ( a numb] ( !m4 ,9 p>ticul>1 he obta9$ ! concession1 al?\gh ) a great deal ( difficulty1 t ! sc\rg+ %\ld be inflict$ only by proxy1 & by ! h& ( ,aldobr&9i himself4 ,y w p]haps tell me1 t 8 hol9ess 0 oblig$ to require ^? extravagant conditions by t old & invet]ate demon ( ! ,s\?1 ,philip ,,ii41 :o 0 m p[]ful at ,rome ?an ! pope himself4 ,y comp>e ,aldobr&9i to a contemptible poltroon ( a soldi] :om 8 colonel =ces =w>d to ! tr5*es by can+ him4 ,to ?is ,i answ]1 t ,clem5t ,,viii4 0 inde$ afraid ( ,philip ,,ii41 b t he 0 n less atta*$ to ! rights ( ! ti>a2 & t x 0 s exquisite a gratification = ! gr&son ( a bank] to sc\rge a k+ ( ,france1 t ,aldobr&9i w\ld n altoge!r h conc$$ ?is po9t = ! _w4 ,y w reply1 t %\ld a pope at pres5t r5ew su* pret5sions1 %\ld he n[ attempt to apply ! sc\rge to a k+ ( ,france1 or ,spa91 or ,naples1 or to a duke ( ,p>ma1 = hav+ driv5 ! rev]5d fa!rs1 ! ,jesuits1 f _! dom9ions1 he w\ld be 9 imm95t dang] ( incurr+ ! same treatm5t z ,clem5t ,,vii4 did f ,*>les ,v41 & ev5 ( exp]i5c+ /ill great] humiliations2 t x is necess>y to sacrifice pret5sions to int]e/s2 t m5 mu/ yield to times & circum/ances2 & t ! %]iff ( ,mecca mu/ proclaim ,ali ,bey k+ ( ,egypt1 if he is successful & firm ^u ! ?rone4 ,to ?is ,i answ]1 t y are p]fectly "r4 ,pret5sions ,( ,! ,empire2 ,extract$ ,f ,glafey ,& ,s*w$>4 ,^u ,rome 7none74 ,ev5 ,*>les ,v41 aft] he _h tak5 ,rome1 claim$ no "r ( actual doma94 ,^u ! patrimony ( ,/4 ,pet]1 f ,vit]bo to ,civita ,ca/ellana1 ! e/ates ( ! c\ntess ,ma?ilda1 b solemnly c$$ by ,rudolph ( ,hapsburg4 ,^u ,p>ma & ,plac5tia1 ! supreme dom9ion z "p ( ,lomb>dy1 invad$ by ,julius ,,ii41 grant$ by ,paul ,,iii41 to 8 ba/>d ,f>nese3 homage always paid = !m to ! pope f t "t2 ! sov]eignty always claim$ by ! seigneurs ( ,lomb>dy2 ! "r ( sov]eignty completely c$$ to ! emp]or by ! treaties ( ,cambray & ( ,london1 at ! peace ( #agcg4 ,^u ,tuscany1 "r ( sov]eignty ex]cis$ by ,*>les ,v42 an e/ate ( ! empire1 belong+ n[ to ! emp]or's bro!r4 ,^u ! republic ( ,lucca1 erect$ into a du*y by ,l\is ( ,bav>ia1 9 #acbh2 ! s5ators decl>$ aft]w>ds vic>s ( ! empire by ,*>les ,,iv4 ,! ,emp]or ,*>les ,,vi41 h[ev]1 9 ! w> ( #agja1 ex]cis$ 9 x 8 "r ( sov]eignty by levy+ ^u x a l>ge contribution4 ,^u ! du*y ( ,milan1 c$$ by ! ,emp]or ,w9c5slaus to ,galeas ,visconti1 b consid]$ z a fief ( ! empire4 ,^u ! du*y ( ,mir&ola1 reunit$ to ! h\se ( ,au/ria 9 #agaa by ,joseph ,i4 ,^u ! du*y ( ,mantua1 erect$ into a du*y by ,*>les ,v42 reunit$ 9 l mann] 9 #agjh4 ,^u ,gua/alla1 ,novell>a1 ,bozzolo1 & ,ca/iglione1 also fiefs ( ! empire1 deta*$ f ! du*y ( ,mantua4 ,^u ! :ole ( ,montf]rat1 ( :i* ! duke ( ,savoy receiv$ ! inve/iture at ,vi5na 9 #agjh4 ,^u ,pi$mont1 ! inve/iture ( :i* 0 be/[$ by ! emp]or ,sigismund on ! duke ( ,savoy1 ,amadeus ,,viii4 ,^u ! c\nty ( ,a/i1 be/[$ by ,*>les ,v41 on ! h\se ( ,savoy3 ! dukes ( ,savoy always vic>s 9 ,italy f ! "t ( ! emp]or ,sigismund4 ,^u ,g5oa1 =m]ly "p ( ! doma9 ( ! ,lomb>d k+s4 ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa grant$ to x 9 fief ! coa/ f ,monaco to ,portov5]e2 x is free "u ,*>les ,v41 9 #aebi2 b ! words ( ! in/rum5t are ,9 civitate no/ra ,g5oa1 et salvis ,romani imp]ii juribus4 ,^u ! fiefs ( ,langues1 ( :i* ! dukes ( ,savoy h ! direct doma94 ,^u ,padua1 ,vic5za1 & ,v]ona1 rights fall5 into neglect4 ,^u ,naples & ,sicily1 rights /ill m fall5 into neglect4 ,almo/ all ! /ates ( ,italy are or h be5 9 vassalage to ! empire4 ,^u ,pom]ania & ,meckl5burg1 ! fiefs ( :i* 7 grant$ by ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa4 ,^u ,d5m>k1 =m]ly a fief ( ! empire2 ,o?o ,i4 grant$ ! inve/iture ( x4 ,^u ,pol&1 = ! t]ritory on ! banks ( ! ,vi/ula4 ,^u ,bohemia & ,silesia1 unit$ to ! empire by ,*>les ,,iv41 9 #acee4 ,^u ,prussia1 f ! "t ( ,h5ry ,,vii42 ! gr& ma/] ( ,prussia ackn[l$g$ a memb] ( ! empire 9 #aejj4 ,^u ,livonia1 f ! "t ( ! knights ( ! sword4 ,^u ,hung>y1 f ! "t ( ,h5ry ,,ii4 ,^u ,lorra9e1 by ! treaty ( #aedb2 ackn[l$g$ an e/ate ( ! empire1 pay+ taxes to support ! w> aga9/ ! ,turks4 ,^u ! du*y ( ,b> d[n to ! ye> #acaa1 :5 ,philip ! ,fair1 :o conqu]$ x1 did homage = x4 ,^u ! du*y ( ,burgundy1 by virtue ( ! rights ( ,m>y ( ,burgundy4 ,^u ! k+dom ( ,arles & ,burgundy on ! o!r side ( ! ,jura1 :i* ,conrad ! ,salian1 possess$ 9 *ief by 8 wife4 ,^u ,dauph9y1 z "p ( ! k+dom ( ,arles2 ! emp]or ,*>les ,,iv4 hav+ caus$ himself to be cr[n$ at ,arles 9 #acfe1 & creat$ ! dauph9 ( ,france 8 vic]oy4 ,^u ,prov5ce1 z a memb] ( ! k+dom ( ,arles1 = :i* ,*>les ( ,anj\ did homage to ! empire4 ,^u ! pr9cipality ( ,orange1 z an arrire-fief ( ! empire4 ,^u ,avignon1 = ! same reason4 ,^u ,s>d9ia1 :i* ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 erect$ into a k+dom4 ,^u ,switz]l&1 z a memb] ( ! k+doms ( ,arles & ,burgundy4 ,^u ,dalmatia1 a great "p ( :i* belongs at pres5t :olly to ! ,v5etians1 & ! re/ to ,hung>y4 ,,pride4 ,cic]o1 9 "o ( 8 lett]s1 says famili>ly to 8 fri5d3 ,s5d to me ! p]sons to :om y wi% me to give ! ,gauls4 ,9 ano!r1 he compla9s ( be+ fatigu$ ) lett]s f ,i "k n :at pr9ces1 :o ?ank him = caus+ _! prov9ces to be erect$ into k+doms2 & he adds t he does n ev5 "k :]e ^! k+doms are situat$4 ,x is probable t ,cic]o1 :o (t5 saw ! ,roman p1 ! sov]eign p1 applaud & obey him1 & :o 0 ?ank$ by k+s :om he knew n1 _h "s emotions ( pride & vanity4 ,?\gh ! s5tim5t is n at all consi/5t 9 s pitiful an animal z man1 yet we c p>don x 9 a ,cic]o1 a ,cs>1 or a ,scipio2 b :5 9 ! extremity ( "o ( our half b>b>\s prov9ces1 a man :o may h b\ght a small situation1 & pr9t$ poor v]ses1 takes x into 8 head to be pr\d1 x is v laughable4 ,,prie/s4 ,prie/s 9 a /ate approa* ne>ly to :at preceptors are 9 private families3 x is _! prov9ce to tea*1 pray1 & supply example4 ,!y ought to h no au?ority ov] ! ma/]s ( ! h\se2 at lea/ until x c be prov$ t he :o gives ! wages ought to obey him :o receives !m4 ,( all religions ! "o :i* mo/ positively excludes ! prie/hood f civil au?ority1 is t ( ,jesus4 ,give unto ,cs> ! ?+s :i* are ,cs>'s4--,among y !re is nei!r fir/ nor la/4--,my k+dom is n ( ?is _w4 ,! qu>rels betwe5 ! empires & ! prie/hood1 :i* h b$ew$ ,europe ) blood = m ?an six c5turies1 h !re=e be51 on ! "p ( ! prie/s1 no?+ b rebellion at once aga9/ ,god & man1 & a cont9ual s9 aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,f ! "t ( ,cal*as1 :o assass9at$ ! daught] ( ,agamemnon1 until ,gregory ,,xii41 & ,sixtus ,v41 two bi%ops :o w\ld h depriv$ ,h5ry ,,iv41 ( ! k+dom ( ,france1 sac]dotal p[] has be5 injuri\s to ! _w4 ,pray] is n dom9ion1 nor exhortation despotism4 ,a good prie/ ought to be a physician to ! s\l4 ,if ,hippocrates _h ord]$ 8 pati5ts to take hellebore "u pa9 ( be+ hang$1 he w\ld h be5 m insane & b>b>\s ?an ,phal>is1 & w\ld h _h little practice4 ,:5 a prie/ says3 ,wor%ip ,god2 be j1 indulg5t1 & compassionate2 he is !n a good physician2 :5 he says3 ,believe me1 or y %all be burn$2 he is an assass94 ,! magi/rate ought to support & re/ra9 ! prie/ 9 ! same mann] z ! fa!r ( a family insures respect to ! preceptor1 & prev5ts him f abus+ x4 ,! agreem5t ( ,*ur* & ,/ate is ( all sy/ems ! mo/ mon/r\s1 = x necess>ily implies division1 & ! exi/5ce ( two contract+ p>ties4 ,we ought to say ! protection giv5 by gov]nm5t to ! prie/hood or *ur*4 ,b :at is to be said & done 9 respect to c\ntries 9 :i* ! prie/hood h obta9$ dom9ion1 z 9 ,salem1 :]e ,mel*iz$ek 0 prie/ & k+2 9 ,japan1 :]e ! dairo has be5 = a long "t emp]or8 ,i answ]1 t ! successors ( ,mel*iz$ek & ! dairos h be5 set aside4 ,! ,turks are wise 9 ?is2 !y religi\sly make a pilgrimage to ,mecca2 b !y w n p]mit ! x]if ( ,mecca to excommunicate ! sultan4 ,nei!r w !y pur*ase f ,mecca p]mission n to obs]ve ! ramadan1 or ! lib]ty ( esp\s+ _! c\s9s or _! nieces4 ,!y are n judg$ by imans1 :om ! x]if delegates2 nor d !y pay ! fir/ ye>'s rev5ue to ! x]if4 ,:at is to be said ( all t8 ,read]1 speak = y\rself4 ,,prie/s ,,( ,,! ,,pagans4 ,fa!r ,nav>ette1 9 "o ( 8 lett]s to ,don ,john ( ,au/ria1 relates ! foll[+ spee* ( ! dalai-lama to 8 privy c\ncil3 ,my v5]able bro!rs1 y & ,i "k v well t ,i am n immortal2 b x is prop] t ! p %\ld ?9k s4 ,! ,t>t>s ( great & little ,?ibet are p ) /iff necks & little in=mation1 :o require a heavy yoke & gross inv5tions4 ,conv9ce !m ( my immortality1 & ! glory w reflect on y1 & y w procure honors & ri*es4 ,:5 ! "t %all come 9 :i* ! ,t>t>s w be m enlight5$1 we may !n confess t ! gr& lamas are n n[ immortal1 b t _! pr$ecessors 7 s2 & t :at is necess>y = ! erection ( a gr& edifice1 is no long] s :5 x is e/abli%$ on an immovable f\ndation4 ,i hesitat$ at fir/ to di/ribute ! agrem5s ( my wat]-closet1 prop]ly inclos$ 9 cry/als ornam5t$ ) gild$ copp]1 to ! vassals ( my empire2 b ^! relics h be5 receiv$ ) s mu* respect1 t ! usage mu/ be cont9u$1 :i* aft] all exhibits no?+ repugnant to s\nd morals1 & br+s mu* money into our sacr$ treasury4 ,if any impi\s reason] %\ld ev] endeavor to p]suade ! p t "o end ( our sacr$ p]son is n s div9e z ! o!r--%\ld !y prote/ aga9/ our relics1 y w ma9ta9 _! value & importance to ! utmo/ ( y\r p[]4 ,& if y are f9ally oblig$ to give up ! sanctity ( our ne!r end1 y mu/ take c>e to pres]ve 9 ! m9ds ( ! reason]s ! mo/ pr(\nd respect = our und]/&+1 j z 9 a treaty ) ! ,moguls1 we h c$$ a poor prov9ce1 9 ord] to secure our peaceable possession ( ! rema9d]4 ,s long z our ,t>t>s ( great & little ,?ibet are unable to read & write1 !y w rema9 ignorant & dev\t2 y may !re=e boldly take _! money1 intrigue ) _! wives & _! daught]s1 & ?reat5 !m ) ! ang] ( ! god ,fo if !y compla94 ,:5 ! "t ( correct reason+ %all arrive--= x w arrive "s day or o!r--y w !n take a totally opposite c\rse1 & say directly ! contr>y ( :at y\r pr$ecessors h said1 = y ought to *ange ! nature ( y\r curb 9 proportion z ! horses become m difficult to gov]n4 ,y\r ext]ior mu/ be m grave1 y\r intrigues m my/]i\s1 y\r secrets bett] gu>d$1 y\r sophi/ry m dazzl+1 & y\r policy m ref9$4 ,y w !n be ! pilots ( a vessel :i* is leaky on all sides4 ,h "u y subalt]ns cont9ually employ$ at ! pumps1 & z caulk]s to /op all ! holes4 ,y w navigate ) difficulty1 b y w /ill proce$1 & be enabl$ to ca/ into ! fire or ! wat]1 z may be mo/ conv5i5t1 all ^? :o w\ld exam9e :e!r y h prop]ly refitt$ ! vessel4 ,if among ! unbeliev]s is a pr9ce ( ,calkas1 a *ief ( ! ,kalmucks1 a pr9ce ( ,kasan1 or any o!r p[]ful pr9ce1 :o has unhappily too mu* wit1 take great c>e n to qu>rel ) him4 ,respect him1 & cont9ually obs]ve t y hope he w return to ! holy pa?4 ,z to simple citiz5s1 sp>e !m n1 & ! bett] m5 !y are1 ! m y ought to labor to ext]m9ate !m2 = be+ m5 ( honor !y are ! mo/ dang]\s ( all to y4 ,y w exhibit ! simplicity ( ! dove1 ! prud5ce ( ! s]p5t1 & ! paw ( ! lion1 accord+ to circum/ances4 ,! dalai-lama _h sc>cely pron\nc$ ^! words :5 ! e>? trembl$2 lightn+s sp>kl$ 9 ! firmam5t f "o pole to ! o!r2 ?und]s roll$1 & a cele/ial voice 0 he>d to exclaim1 ,adore ,god & n ! gr& lama4 ,all ! inf]ior lamas insi/$ t ! voice said1 ,adore ,god & ! gr& lama2 & !y 7 believ$ = a long "t 9 ! k+dom ( ,?ibet2 b !y are n[ believ$ no long]4 ,,prior1 ,,butl]1 ,,& ,,swift4 ,x 0 n kn[n to ,france t ,prior1 :o 0 deput$ by ,que5 ,anne to adju/ ! treaty ( ,utre*t ) ,l\is ,,xiv41 0 a poet4 ,france has s9ce repaid ,engl& 9 ! same co91 = ,c>d9al ,dubois s5t our ,de/\*es to ,london1 :]e he pass$ z little = a poet z ,prior 9 ,france4 ,prior 0 orig9ally an att5dant at a tav]n kept by 8 uncle1 :5 ! e>l ( ,dorset1 a good poet himself & a lov] ( ! bottle1 "o day surpris$ him read+ ,horace2 9 ! same mann] z ,"l ,ailsa f\nd 8 g>d5] read+ ,newton4 ,ailsa made 8 g>d5] a good geometrician1 & ,dorset made a v agreeable poet ( 8 v9tn]4 ,x 0 ,prior :o wrote ! hi/ory ( ! s\l "u ! title ( ,alma1 & x is ! mo/ natural :i* has hi!rto be5 compos$ on an exi/5ce s mu* felt1 & s little kn[n4 ,! s\l1 accord+ to ,alma1 resides at fir/1 9 ! extremities2 9 ! feet & h&s ( *ildr51 & f !nce gradually asc5ds to ! c5tre ( ! body at ! age ( pub]ty4 ,its next /ep is to ! he>t1 9 :i* x eng5d]s s5tim5ts ( love & h]oism2 !nce x m\nts to ! head at a mature age1 :]e x reasons z well z x is able2 & 9 old age x is n kn[n :at becomes ( x2 x is ! sap ( an ag$ tree :i* evaporates1 & is n r5ew$ aga94 ,?is "w is probably too long1 = all pleasantry %\ld be %ort2 & x might ev5 be z well 7 ! s]i\s %ort also4 ,prior made a small poem on ! battle ( ,ho*/dt4 ,x is n equal to 8 ,alma2 !re is1 h[ev]1 "o good apo/rophe to ,boileau1 :o is call$ a satirical flatt]] = tak+ s mu* pa9s to s+ t ,l\is did n pass ! ,rh9e4 ,our pl5ipot5ti>y f9i%$ by p>aphras+1 9 fifte5 hundr$ v]ses1 ! words attribut$ to ,solomon1 t all is vanity4 ,fifte5 ?\s& v]ses might be writt5 on ?is subject2 b woe to him :o says all :i* c be said ^u x6 ,at l5g? ,que5 ,anne dy+1 ! m9i/ry *ang$1 & ! peace adju/$ by ,prior be+ altoge!r unpopul>1 he _h no?+ to dep5d ^u except an edition ( 8 works2 :i* 7 subscrib$ = by 8 p>ty3 aft] :i* he di$ l a philosoph]1 :i* is ! usual mode ( dy+ ( all respectable ,engli%m54 ,hudibras4 ,!re is an ,engli% poem :i* x is v difficult to make =eign]s und]/&1 entitl$ ,hudibras4 ,x is a v humor\s "w1 al?\gh ! subject is ! civil w> ( ! "t ( ,cromwell4 ,a /ruggle :i* co/ s mu* blood & s _m te>s1 orig9at$ a poem :i* obliges ! mo/ s]i\s read] to smile4 ,an example ( ?is contra/ is f\nd 9 our ,satire ( ,m5ippus4 ,c]ta9ly ! ,romans w\ld n h made a burlesque poem on ! w>s ( ,pompey & ,cs>1 or ! proscription ( ,antony & ,octavius4 ,h[ !n is x t ! frightful evils ( ! ,league 9 ,france1 & ( ! w>s betwe5 ! k+ & p>liam5t 9 ,engl&1 h prov$ s\rces ( pleasantry8 because at bottom !re is some?+ ridicul\s hid b5ea? ^! fatal qu>rels4 ,! citiz5s ( ,p>is1 at ! head ( ! faction ( ,sixte51 m+l$ imp]t95ce ) ! mis]ies ( faction4 ,! intrigues ( wom51 ( ! legates & ( ! monks1 pres5t$ a comic aspect1 not)/&+ ! calamities :i* !y produc$4 ,! !ological disputes & en?usiasm ( ! ,puritans 9 ,engl&1 7 also v op5 to raill]y2 & ?is fund ( ! ridicul\s1 well manag$1 might pleasantly en\gh aid 9 disp]s+ ! tragical horrors :i* ab\nd on ! surface4 ,if ! bull ,unig5itus caus$ ! %$d+ ( blood1 ! little poem ,philotanus 0 no less suitable to ! subject2 & x is only to be compla9$ ( = n be+ s gay1 s pleasant1 & s v>i\s z x might h be52 & = n fulfill+ 9 ! c\rse ( ! "w ! promise held out by its comm5cem5t4 ,! poem ( ,hudibras ( :i* ,i speak1 seems to be a composition ( ! satire ( ,m5ippus & ( ,don ,quixote4 ,x surpasses !m 9 ! advantage ( v]se & also 9 wit2 ! =m] inde$ does n come ne> x2 be+ a v middl+ production2 b not)/&+ 8 wit1 ! au?or ( ,hudibras is mu* b5ea? ,don ,quixote4 ,ta/e1 vivacity1 ! art ( n>rat+ & ( introduc+ adv5tures1 ) ! faculty ( nev] be+ t$i\s1 g f>!r ?an wit2 & moreov]1 ,don ,quixote is read by all nations1 & ,hudibras by ! ,engli% alone4 ,butl]1 ! au?or ( ?is extraord9>y poem1 0 contempor>y ) ,milton1 & enjoy$ inf9itely m tempor>y popul>ity ?an ! latt]1 because 8 "w 0 humor\s1 & t ( ,milton melan*oly4 ,butl] turn$ ! enemies ( ,k+ ,*>les ,,ii4 into ridicule1 & all ! recomp5se he receiv$ 0 ! frequ5t quotation ( 8 v]ses by t mon>*4 ,! combats ( ! knight ,hudibras 7 mu* bett] kn[n ?an ! battles betwe5 ! good & bad angels 9 ,p>adise ,lo/2 b ! c\rt ( ,engl& treat$ ,butl] no bett] ?an ! cele/ial c\rt treat$ ,milton2 bo? ! "o & ! o!r di$ 9 want1 or v ne> x4 ,a man ^: imag9ation 0 impregnat$ ) a t5? "p ( ! comic _s1 good or bad1 :i* p]vades ?is "w1 c\ld n b be v pleasant2 b he mu/ take c>e h[ he translates ,hudibras4 ,x is difficult to make =eign read]s laugh at pleasantries :i* are almo/ =gott5 by ! nation :i* has produc$ !m4 ,dante is little read 9 ,europe1 because we are ignorant ( s mu* ( 8 allusion2 & x is ! same ) ,hudibras4 ,! great] "p ( ! humor ( ?is poem be+ exp5d$ on ! !ology & !ologians ( its own "t1 a comm5t>y is et]nally necess>y4 ,pleasantry requir+ explanation ceases to be pleasantry2 & a comm5tator on bon mots is seldom capable ( convey+ !m4 ,( ,dean ,swift4 ,h[ is x t 9 ,france s little is und]/ood ( ! works ( ! +5i\s ,doctor ,swift1 :o is call$ ! ,rabelais ( ,engl&8 ,he has ! honor1 l ! latt]1 ( be+ a *ur*man & an univ]sal jok]2 b ,rabelais 0 n above 8 age1 & ,swift is mu* above ,rabelais4 ,our curate ( ,meudon1 9 8 extravagant & un9telligible book1 has exhibit$ extreme gayety & equally great imp]t95ce4 ,he has lavi%$ at once erudition1 co>s5ess & ennui4 ,a good /ory ( two pages is pur*as$ by a volume ( absurdities4 ,!re are only "s p]sons ( an ecc5tric ta/e :o pique !mselves ^u und]/&+ & valu+ ! :ole ( ?is "w4 ,! re/ ( ! nation laugh at ! humor ( ,rabelais1 & despise ! "w2 reg>d+ him only z ! fir/ ( buffoons4 ,we regret t a man :o possess$ s mu* wit1 %\ld h made s mis]able a use ( x4 ,he is a drunk5 philosoph]1 :o wrote only 9 ! mom5ts ( 8 intoxication4 ,dr4 ,swift is ,rabelais sob]1 & liv+ 9 good company4 ,he has n inde$ ! gayety ( ! =m]1 b he has all ! f9esse1 s5se1 discrim9ation1 :i* is want$ by our curate ( ,meudon4 ,8 v]se is 9 a s+ul> ta/e1 & almo/ inimitable4 ,he exhibits a f9e ve9 ( humor1 bo? 9 prose & 9 v]se2 b 9 ord] to und]/& x1 x is necess>y to visit 8 c\ntry4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 :i* appe>s s extraord9>y to o!r p>ts ( ,europe1 x has excit$ little surprise t ,doctor ,swift1 dean ( a ca!dral1 %\ld make m]ry 9 8 ,tale ( a ,tub ) ,ca?olicism1 ,lu!ranism1 & ,calv9ism2 8 own def5ce is t he has n m$dl$ ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,he pret5ds to respect ! p>5t1 :ile he sc\rges ! *ildr54 ,c]ta9 fa/idi\s p]sons are ( op9ion t 8 la%es are s long !y h ev5 rea*$ ! fa!r4 ,?is fam\s ,tale ( a ,tub is ! anci5t /ory ( ! ?ree invisible r+s :i* a fa!r bequea!d to 8 ?ree *ildr54 ,^! ?ree r+s 7 ! ,jewi%1 ! ,*ri/ian1 & ! ,mahometan religions4 ,x is /ill m an imitation ( ! hi/ory ( ,m]o & ,engu by ,font5elle4 ,m]o is ! anagram ( ,rome2 ,engu ( ,g5eva1 & !y are two si/]s :o aspire to ! succession ( ! k+dom ( _! fa!r4 ,m]o reigns ! fir/1 & ,font5elle repres5ts h] z a sorc]ess1 :o plays tricks ) bread & effects conjuration ) dead bodies4 ,?is is precisely ! ,"l ,pet] ( ,swift1 :o pres5ts a piece ( bread to 8 two bro!rs1 & says to !m1 ,"h is "s excell5t ,burgundy1 my fri5ds2 ?is p>tridge is ( a delici\s flavor4 ,"l ,pet] 9 ,swift p]=ms ! same "p ) ! ,m]o ( ,font5elle4 ,?us almo/ all is imitation4 ,! idea ( ! ,p]sian ,lett]s 0 tak5 f t ( ! ,turki% ,spy4 ,boy>do imitat$ ,pulci2 ,ario/o1 ,boy>do2 ! mo/ orig9al wits borr[ f "o ano!r4 ,c]vantes makes a madman ( 8 ,don ,quixote1 b is ,orl&o any?+ else8 ,x w\ld be difficult to decide by :i* ( ! two knight-errantry is m ridicul$1 ! grotesque portraiture ( ,c]vantes1 or ! f]tile imag9ation ( ,ario/o4 ,meta/asia has borr[$ ! great] "p ( 8 op]as f our ,fr5* trag$ies2 & _m ,engli% au?ors h copi$ u & said no?+ ab\t x4 ,x is ) books z ) ! fires 9 our grates2 ev]ybody borr[s a light f 8 neighbor to k9dle 8 own1 :i* 9 its turn is communicat$ to o!rs1 & ea* p>takes ( all4 ,,privilege--,,privileg$ ,,cases4 ,cu/om1 :i* almo/ always prevails aga9/ reason1 w\ld h ! (f5ces ( ecclesia/ics & monks aga9/ civil ord]s1 :i* are v frequ5t1 call$ privileg$ (f5ces2 & ^? (f5ces common :i* reg>d only ecclesia/ical discipl9e1 cases t are ab&on$ to ! sac]dotal hi]>*y1 & ) :i* ! civil p[] does n int]f]e4 ,! ,*ur* hav+ no jurisdiction b t :i* sov]eigns h grant$ x1 & ! judges ( ! ,*ur* be+ ?us only judges privileg$ by ! sov]eign1 ^? cases %\ld be call$ privileg$ :i* x is _! prov9ce to judge1 & ^? common (f5ces :i* are puni%able by ! pr9ce's (fic]s4 ,b ! canoni/s1 :o are v r>ely exact 9 _! expressions1 p>ticul>ly :5 treat+ ( regal jurisprud5ce1 hav+ reg>d$ a prie/ call$ ! (ficial1 z be+ ( "r ! sole judge ( ! cl]gy1 !y h entitl$ t privilege1 :i* 9 common law belongs to lay tribunals1 & ! ord9ances ( ! mon>* h adopt$ ?is expression 9 ,france4 ,to con=m himself to ?is cu/om1 ! judge ( ! ,*ur* takes cognizance only ( common crime2 9 respect to privileg$ cases he c act only concurr5tly ) ! regal judge1 :o repairs to ! episcopal c\rt1 :]e1 h[ev]1 he is b ! assessor ( ! judge ( ! ,*ur*4 ,bo? are assi/$ by _! regi/]2 ea* sep>ately1 b 9 "o ano!r's pres5ce1 takes notes ( ! c\rse ( ! proce$+s4 ,! (ficial :o presides alone int]rogates ! accus$2 & if ! royal judge has que/ions to put to him1 he mu/ h p]mission ( ! ecclesia/ical judge to propose !m4 ,?is proc$ure is compos$ ( =malities1 & produces delays :i* %\ld n be admitt$ 9 crim9al jurisprud5ce4 ,judges ( ! ,*ur* :o h n made a /udy ( laws & =malities are seldom able to conduct crim9al proce$+s )\t giv+ place to appeals1 :i* ru9 ! accus$ 9 exp5se1 make him langui% 9 *a9s1 or ret>d 8 puni%m5t if he is guilty4 ,besides1 ! ,fr5* h no precise law to det]m9e :i* are privileg$ cases4 ,a crim9al (t5 groans 9 a dungeon = a :ole ye>1 )\t kn[+ :at tribunal w judge him4 ,prie/s & monks are 9 ! /ate & subjects ( x4 ,x is v /range t :5 !y tr\ble society !y are n to be judg$1 l o!r citiz5s1 by ! (fic]s ( ! sov]eign4 ,among ! ,jews1 ev5 ! high prie/ _h n ! privilege :i* our laws grant to simple p>i% prie/s4 ,solomon depos$ ! high prie/ ,abia?>1 )\t ref]r+ him to ! synagogue to take 8 trial4 ,jesus ,*ri/1 accus$ be=e a secul> & pagan judge1 *all5g$ n 8 jurisdiction4 ,/4 ,paul1 translat$ to ! tribunal ( ,felix & ,fe/us1 decl9$ n _! judgm5t4 ,! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e fir/ grant$ ?is privilege to bi%ops4 ,honorius & ,!odosius ! y\ng] ext5d$ x to all ! cl]gy1 & ,ju/9ian confirm$ x4 ,9 dige/+ ! crim9al code ( #afgj1 ! c\nsellor ( /ate1 ,pussort1 & ! presid5t ( ,novion1 wi%$ to aboli% ! conjo9t proce$+1 & to give to royal judges alone ! "r ( judg+ ! cl]gy accus$ ( privileg$ cases2 b ?is s reasonable desire 0 combat$ by ! fir/ presid5t ,de ,lamoignon1 & ! advocate-g5]al ,talon1 & a law :i* 0 made to re=m our abuses confirm$ ! mo/ ridicul\s ( !m4 ,a decl>ation ( ! k+ on ,april #bf1 #afeg1 =bids ! ,p>liam5t ( ,p>is to cont9ue ! proce$+ comm5c$ aga9/ ,c>d9al ,retz1 accus$ ( high treason4 ,! same decl>ation desires t ! suits ( c>d9als1 ar*bi%ops1 & bi%ops ( ! k+dom1 accus$ ( ! crime ( high treason1 are to be conduct$ & judg$ by ecclesia/ical judges1 z ord]$ by ! canons4 ,b ?is decl>ation1 contr>y to ! cu/oms ( ! k+doms1 has n be5 regi/]$ 9 any p>liam5t1 & w\ld n be foll[$4 ,our books relate sev]al s5t5ces :i* h doom$ c>d9als1 ar*bi%ops1 & bi%ops to imprisonm5t1 deposition1 confiscation1 & o!r puni%m5ts4 ,^! puni%m5ts 7 pron\nc$ aga9/ ! bi%op ( ,nantes1 by s5t5ce ( ,june #be1 #adee2 aga9/ ,jean de la ,balue1 c>d9al & bi%op ( ,ang]s1 by s5t5ce dat$ ,july #bi1 #adfi2 ,jean ,heb]t1 bi%op ( ,con/ance1 9 #adhj2 ,l\is de ,ro*e*\>t1 bi%op ( ,nantes1 9 #adha2 ,ge(froi de ,pompad\r1 bi%op ( ,prigueux1 & ,george d',amboise1 bi%op ( ,montauban1 9 #adhh2 ,ge(froi ,d9tiville1 bi%op ( ,aux]re1 9 #aeca2 ,b]n>d ,lordat1 bi%op ( ,pumi]s1 9 #aecg2 ,c>d9al de ,*tillon1 bi%op ( ,beauvais1 ! #ai? ( ,m>*1 #aefi2 ,ge(froi de ,la ,m>tonie1 bi%op ( ,ami5s1 ! #i? ( ,july1 #aeid2 ,gilb]t ,gnbr>d1 ar*bi%op ( ,aix1 ! #bf? ( ,janu>y1 #aeif2 ,william ,rose1 bi%op ( ,s5lis1 ,septemb] #e1 #aeih2 ,c>d9al de ,s\rdis1 ar*bi%op ( ,bordeaux1 ,novemb] #ag1 #afae4 ,! p>liam5t s5t5c$ ,c>d9al de ,b\illon to be imprison$1 & seiz$ 8 prop]ty on ,june #bj1 #agaj4 ,c>d9al de ,mailly1 ar*bi%op ( ,rheims1 9 #agag1 made a law t5d+ to de/roy ! ecclesia/ical peace e/abli%$ by ! gov]nm5t4 ,! hangman publicly burn$ ! law by s5t5ce ( p>liam5t4 ,! sieur ,languet1 bi%op ( ,soissons1 hav+ ma9ta9$ t he c\ld n be judg$ by ! ju/ice ( ! k+ ev5 = ! crime ( high treason1 0 condemn$ to pay a f9e ( t5 ?\s& livres4 ,9 ! %ameful tr\bles excit$ by ! refusal ( sacram5ts1 ! simple presidial ( ,nantes condemn$ ! bi%op ( t city to pay a f9e ( six ?\s& francs = hav+ refus$ ! communion to ^? :o dem&$ x4 ,9 #agfd1 ! ar*bi%op ( ,au*1 ( ! "n ( ,montillet1 0 f9$1 & 8 comm&1 reg>d$ z a defamatory libel1 0 burn$ by ! execution] at ,bordeaux4 ,^! examples h be5 v frequ5t4 ,! maxim1 t ecclesia/ics are entirely am5able to ! ju/ice ( ! k+1 l o!r citiz5s1 has prevail$ ?r\gh\t ! k+dom4 ,!re is no express law :i* comm&s x2 b ! op9ion ( all lawy]s1 ! unanim\s cry ( ! nation1 & ! good ( ! /ate1 are 9 !mselves a law4