,a ,,philosophical ,,diction>y ,,volume ,,vii ,by ,,voltaire ,,edition ,,de ,,la ,,pacification ,,! ,,works ,,( ,,voltaire ,a ,,contempor>y ,,v]sion ,) ,notes by ,tobias ,smollett1 ,revis$ & ,mod]niz$ ,new ,translations by ,william ,f4 ,flem+1 & an ,introduction by ,oliv] ,h4,g4 ,leigh ,a ,,critique ,,& ,,biography ,,by ,,! ,,rt4 ,,hon4 ,,john ,,morley ,,=ty-,,?ree ,,volumes ,"o hundr$ & sixty-eight designs1 compris+ reproductions ( r>e old engrav+s1 /eel plates1 photogravures1 & curi\s fac-similes ,,volume ,,xi ,e4,r4 ,du,m,o,n,t ,,p>is--,,london--,,new ,,york--,,*icago #aija ,! ,,works ( ,,voltaire ,betwe5 two s]vants ( ,humanity1 :o appe>$ eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ap>t1 !re is a my/]i\s relation4 99 99 99 99 ,let u say x ) a s5tim5t ( pr(\nd respect3 ,,jesus ,,wept3 ,,voltaire ,,smil$4 ,( t div9e te> & ( t human smile is compos$ ! sweetness ( ! pres5t civilization4 ,,victor ,,hugo4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,plates--,vol4 ,,vii ,,old ,,r\5--frontispiece ,,montesquieu ,,! ,,dream ,,( ,,human ,,life ,,anci5t ,,rome ,illu/ration3 ,old ,r\54 99 99 99 99 99 ,,voltaire ,a ,,philosophical ,,diction>y4 ,,9 ,,t5 ,,volumes ,,vol4 ,,vii ,,joseph-,,mission 99 99 99 99 99 ,,joseph4 ,! hi/ory ( ,joseph1 consid]+ x m]ely z an object ( curiosity & lit]ature1 is "o ( ! mo/ preci\s monum5ts ( antiquity :i* has rea*$ u4 ,x appe>s to be ! model ( all ! ,ori5tal writ]s2 x is m affect+ ?an ! ,odyssey2 = a h]o :o p>dons is m t\*+ ?an "o :o av5ges4 ,we reg>d ! ,arabs z ! fir/ au?ors ( ^! +5i\s fictions1 :i* h pass$ into all languages2 b ,i see among !m no adv5tures comp>able to ^? ( ,joseph4 ,almo/ all 9 x is wond]ful1 & ! t]m9ation exacts te>s ( t5d]ness4 ,he 0 a "y man ( sixte5 ye>s ( age1 ( :om 8 bro!rs 7 jeal\s2 he is sold by !m to a c>avan ( ,i%maelite m]*ants1 conduct$ into ,egypt1 & b\ght by a eunu* ( ! k+4 ,?is eunu* _h a wife1 :i* is n at all extraord9>y2 ! kisl> aga1 a p]fect eunu*1 has a s]aglio at ?is day at ,con/ant9ople2 !y left him "s ( 8 s5ses1 & nature 9 consequ5ce is n altoge!r ext+ui%$4 ,no matt]2 ! wife ( ,potiph> falls 9 love ) ! "y ,joseph1 :o1 fai?ful to 8 ma/] & b5efactor1 rejects ! advances ( ?is woman4 ,%e is irritat$ at x1 & accuses ,joseph ( attempt+ to s$uce h]4 ,su* is ! hi/ory ( ,hippolytus & ,phdra1 ( ,bell]ophon & ,z5obia1 ( ,hebrus & ,damasippa1 ( ,myrtilus & ,hippodamia1 etc4 ,x is difficult to "k :i* is ! orig9al ( all ^! hi/ories2 b among ! anci5t ,arabian au?ors !re is a tract relat+ to ! adv5ture ( ,joseph & ,potiph>'s wife1 :i* is v +5i\s4 ,! au?or supposes t ,potiph>1 unc]ta9 betwe5 ! ass]tions ( 8 wife & ,joseph1 reg>d$ n ,joseph's tunic1 :i* 8 wife _h torn z a pro( ( ! "y man's outrage4 ,!re 0 a *ild 9 a cradle 9 8 wife's *amb]2 & ,joseph said t %e seiz$ & tore 8 tunic 9 ! pres5ce ( ?is infant4 ,potiph> consult$ ! *ild1 ^: m9d 0 v advanc$ = its age4 ,! *ild said to ,potiph>3 ,see if ! tunic is torn beh9d or be=e2 if be=e1 x is a pro( t ,joseph w\ld embrace y\r wife by =ce1 & t %e def5d$ h]self2 if beh9d1 x is a pro( t y\r wife deta9$ ,joseph4 ,potiph>1 ?anks to ! g5ius ( ! *ild1 recogniz$ ! innoc5ce ( 8 slave4 ,x is ?us t ?is adv5ture is relat$ 9 ! ,koran1 aft] ! ,arabian au?or4 ,x in=ms u n to :om ! infant belong$1 :o judg$ ) s mu* wit4 ,if x 0 n a son ( ,potiph>1 ,joseph 0 n ! fir/ :om ?is woman _h s$uc$4 ,h[ev] t may be1 accord+ to ,g5esis1 ,joseph is put 9 prison1 :]e he f9ds himself 9 company ) ! butl] & bak] ( ! k+ ( ,egypt4 ,^! two prison]s ( /ate bo? dream$ "o night4 ,joseph expla9s _! dreams2 he pr$ict$ t 9 ?ree days ! butl] w\ld be receiv$ aga9 into favor1 & t ! bak] w\ld be hang$2 :i* fail$ n to happ54 ,two ye>s aft]w>ds ! k+ ( ,egypt also dreams1 & 8 butl] tells him t !re is a "y ,jew 9 prison :o is ! fir/ man 9 ! _w = ! int]pretation ( dreams4 ,! k+ causes ! "y man to be br\ght to him1 :o =etells sev5 ye>s ( abundance & sev5 ( /]ility4 ,let u "h int]rupt ! ?read ( ! hi/ory to rem>k1 ( :at prodigi\s antiquity is ! int]pretation ( dreams4 ,jacob saw 9 a dream ! my/]i\s ladd] at ! top ( :i* 0 ,god ,himself4 ,9 a dream he le>n$ a me?od ( multiply+ 8 flocks1 a me?od :i* nev] succe$$ ) any b himself4 ,joseph himself _h le>n$ by a dream t he %\ld "o day gov]n 8 bre?r54 ,abimele*1 a long "t be=e1 _h be5 w>n$ 9 a dream1 t ,s>ah 0 ! wife ( ,abraham4 ,to return to ,joseph3 aft] expla9+ ! dream ( ,ph>aoh1 he 0 made fir/ m9i/] on ! spot4 ,we d\bt if at pres5t a k+ c\ld be f\nd1 ev5 9 ,asia1 :o w\ld be/[ su* an (fice 9 return = an int]pret$ dream4 ,ph>aoh esp\s$ ,joseph to a daught] ( ,potiph>4 ,x is said t ?is ,potiph> 0 high-prie/ ( ,heliopolis2 he 0 n !re=e ! eunu*1 8 fir/ ma/]2 or if x 0 ! latt]1 he _h ano!r title besides t ( high-prie/2 & 8 wife _h be5 a "m m ?an once4 ,h[ev]1 ! fam9e happ5$1 z ,joseph _h =etold2 & ,joseph1 to m]it ! good graces ( 8 k+1 =c$ all ! p to sell _! l& to ,ph>aoh1 & all ! nation became slaves to procure corn4 ,?is is app>5tly ! orig9 ( despotic p[]4 ,x mu/ be confess$1 t nev] k+ made a bett] b>ga92 b ! p also %\ld no less bless ! prime m9i/]4 ,f9ally1 ! fa!r & bro!rs ( ,joseph _h also ne$ ( corn1 = ! fam9e 0 sore 9 all l&s4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to relate "h h[ ,joseph receiv$ 8 bre?r52 h[ he p>don$ & enri*$ !m4 ,9 ?is hi/ory is f\nd all t con/itutes an int]e/+ epic poem--exposition1 plot1 recognition1 adv5tures1 & ! m>vell\s2 no?+ is m /rongly m>k$ ) ! /amp ( ,ori5tal g5ius4 ,:at ! good man ,jacob1 ! fa!r ( ,joseph1 answ]$ to ,ph>aoh1 ought to /rike all ^? :o "k h[ to read4 ,h[ old art ?\8 said ! k+ to him4 ,! days ( ! ye>s ( my pilgrimage1 said ! old man1 are an hundr$ & ?irty ye>s2 few & evil h ! days ( ! ye>s ( my life be54 ,,jud,a4 ,i nev] 0 9 ,juda1 ?ank ,god6 & ,i nev] w g !re4 ,i h met ) m5 ( all nations :o h return$ f x1 & !y h all ( !m told me t ! situation ( ,j]usalem is horrible2 t all ! l& r\nd x is /ony2 t ! m\nta9s are b>e2 t ! fam\s riv] ,jordan is n m ?an =ty feet wide2 t ! only good spot 9 ! c\ntry is ,j]i*o2 9 %ort1 !y all spoke ( x z ,/4 ,j]ome did1 :o resid$ a long "t 9 ,be?lehem1 & describes ! c\ntry z ! refuse & rubbi% ( nature4 ,he says t 9 summ] ! inhabitants _c get ev5 wat] to dr9k4 ,?is c\ntry1 h[ev]1 mu/ h appe>$ to ! ,jews luxuriant & delightful1 9 comp>ison ) ! des]ts 9 :i* !y orig9at$4 ,7 ! wret*$ inhabitants ( ! ,l&es to quit !m = "s ( ! m\nta9s ( ,lamp\rdan1 h[ w\ld !y exult & delight 9 ! *ange2 & h[ w\ld !y hope ev5tually to p5etrate into ! f9e & fruitful di/ricts ( ,langu$oc1 :i* w\ld be to !m ! l& ( promise6 ,su* is precisely ! hi/ory ( ! ,jews4 ,j]i*o & ,j]usalem are ,t\l\se & ,montpelli]1 & ! des]t ( ,s9ai is ! c\ntry betwe5 ,bordeaux & ,bayonne4 ,b if ! ,god :o conduct$ ! ,israelites wi%$ to be/[ ^u !m a pleasant & fruitful l&2 if ^! wret*$ p _h 9 fact dwelt 9 ,egypt1 :y did he n p]mit !m to rema9 9 ,egypt8 ,to ?is we are answ]$ only 9 ! usual language ( !ology4 ,juda1 x is said1 0 ! promis$ l&4 ,god said to ,abraham3 ,i w give !e all ! c\ntry betwe5 ! riv] ( ,egypt & ! ,euphrates4 ,alas6 my fri5ds1 y nev] h _h possession ( ^? f]tile banks ( ! ,euphrates & ! ,nile4 ,y h only be5 dup$ & made fools (4 ,y h almo/ always be5 slaves4 ,to promise & to p]=m1 my poor un=tunate fell[s1 are diff]5t ?+s4 ,!re 0 an old rabbi once among y1 :o1 :5 read+ y\r %rewd & sagaci\s prophecies1 ann\nc+ = y a l& ( milk & honey1 rem>k$ t y _h be5 promis$ m butt] ?an bread4 ,be assur$ t 7 ! great ,turk ?is v day to (f] me ! lord%ip 7seigneurie7 ( ,j]usalem1 ,i w\ld positively decl9e x4 ,fr$]ick ,,iii41 :5 he saw ?is dete/able c\ntry1 said1 l\dly en\gh to be di/9ctly he>d1 t ,moses mu/ h be5 v ill-advis$ to conduct 8 tribe ( lep]s to su* a place z t4 ,:y1 says ,fr$]ick1 did he n g to ,naples8 ,adieu1 my de> ,jews2 ,i am extremely sorry t ! promis$ l& is ! lo/ l&4 ,by ! ,b>on de ,br\kans4 ,,julian4 ,,section ,i4 ,ju/ice is (t5 done at la/4 ,two or ?ree au?ors1 ei!r v5al or fanatical1 eulogize ! cruel & effem9ate ,con/ant9e z if he _h be5 a god1 & treat z an absolute miscreant ! j1 ! wise1 & ! great ,julian4 ,all o!r au?ors1 copy+ f ^!1 repeat bo? ! flatt]y & ! calumny4 ,!y become almo/ an article ( fai?4 ,at l5g? ! age ( s\nd criticism arrives2 & at ! end ( f\rte5 hundr$ ye>s1 enlight5$ m5 revise ! cause :i* _h be5 decid$ by ignorance4 ,9 ,con/ant9e we see a man ( successful ambition1 int]nally sc(f+ at ?+s div9e z well z human4 ,he has ! insol5ce to pret5d t ,god s5t him a /&>d 9 ! air to assure him ( victory4 ,he imbrues himself 9 ! blood ( all 8 relations1 & is lull$ to sleep 9 all ! effem9acy ( luxury2 b he is a ,*ri/ian--he is canoniz$4 ,julian is sob]1 *a/e1 dis9t]e/$1 brave1 & clem5t2 b he is n a ,*ri/ian--he has long be5 consid]$ a mon/]4 ,at ! pres5t day--aft] hav+ comp>$ facts1 memorials & records1 ! writ+s ( ,julian & ^? ( 8 enemies--we are compell$ to ackn[l$ge t1 if he 0 n p>tial to ,*ri/ianity1 he 0 some:at excusable 9 hat+ a sect /a9$ ) ! blood ( all 8 family2 & t al?\gh he _h be5 p]secut$1 imprison$1 exil$1 & ?reat5$ ) dea? by ! ,galileans1 "u ! reign ( ! cruel & sangu9>y ,con/antius1 he nev] p]secut$ !m1 b on ! contr>y ev5 p>don$ t5 ,*ri/ian soldi]s :o _h conspir$ aga9/ 8 life4 ,8 lett]s are read & admir$3 ,! ,galileans1 says he1 "u my pr$ecessor1 suff]$ exile & imprisonm5t2 & ^? :o1 accord+ to ! *ange ( circum/ances1 7 call$ h]etics1 7 reciprocally massacr$ 9 _! turn4 ,i h call$ home _! exiles1 ,i h lib]at$ _! prison]s1 ,i h re/or$ _! prop]ty to ^? :o 7 proscrib$1 & h compell$ !m to live 9 peace2 b su* is ! re/less rage ( ^! ,galileans t !y deplore _! inability any long] to dev\r "o ano!r4 ,:at a lett]6 ,:at a s5t5ce1 dictat$ by philosophy1 aga9/ p]secut+ fanaticism4 ,t5 ,*ri/ians conspir+ aga9/ 8 life1 he detects & he p>dons !m4 ,h[ extraord9>y a man6 ,:at da/>dly fanatics mu/ ^? be :o attempt to ?r[ disgrace on 8 memory6 ,9 %ort1 on inve/igat+ facts ) imp>tiality1 we are oblig$ to admit t ,julian possess$ all ! qualities ( ,trajan1 ) ! exception ( t deprav$ ta/e too long p>don$ to ! ,greeks & ,romans2 all ! virtues ( ,cato1 )\t ei!r 8 ob/9acy or ill-humor2 ev]y?+ t des]ves admiration 9 ,julius ,cs>1 & none ( 8 vices4 ,he possess$ ! cont95ce ( ,scipio4 ,f9ally1 he 0 9 all respects equal to ,m>cus ,aurelius1 :o 0 reput$ ! fir/ ( m54 ,!re are none :o w n[ v5ture to repeat1 aft] t sl&]] ,!odoret1 t1 9 ord] to propitiate ! gods1 he sacrific$ a woman 9 ! temple ( ,c>res2 none :o w repeat any long] ! /ory ( ! dea? sc5e 9 :i* he is repres5t$ z ?r[+ drops ( blood f 8 h& t[>ds heav51 call+ out to ,jesus ,*ri/3 ,galilean1 ?\ ha/ conqu]$2 z if he _h f\ght aga9/ ,jesus 9 mak+ w> ^u ! ,p]sians2 z if ?is philosoph]1 :o di$ ) su* p]fect resignation1 _h ) al>m & despair recogniz$ ,jesus2 z if he _h believ$ t ,jesus 0 9 ! air1 & t ! air 0 heav56 ,^! ridicul\s absurdities ( m51 d5om9at$ fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 are happily no long] curr5t & respect$4 ,/ill1 h[ev]1 ! effect ( ridicule 01 x seems1 to be tri$ aga9/ him1 z x 0 by ! light & giddy citiz5s ( ,antio*4 ,he is reproa*$ = 8 ill-comb$ be>d & ! mann] ( 8 walk4 ,b y1 ,mr4 ,abb de la ,blett]ie1 nev] saw him walk2 y h1 h[ev]1 read 8 lett]s & 8 laws1 ! monum5ts ( 8 virtues4 ,( :at consequ5ce 0 x1 comp>atively1 t he _h a slov5ly be>d & an abrupt1 headlong walk1 :ile 8 he>t 0 full ( magnanimity & all 8 /eps t5d$ to virtue6 ,"o important fact rema9s to be exam9$ at ! pres5t day4 ,julian is reproa*$ ) attempt+ to falsify ! prophecy ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 by rebuild+ ! temple ( ,j]usalem4 ,fires1 x is ass]t$1 came out ( ! e>? & prev5t$ ! cont9uance ( ! "w4 ,x is said t ?is 0 a miracle1 & t ?is miracle did n conv]t ,julian1 nor ,alypius1 ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! ent]prise1 nor any individual ( ! imp]ial c\rt2 & ^u ?is subject ! ,abb de la ,blett]ie ?us expresses himself3 ,! emp]or & ! philosoph]s ( 8 c\rt und\bt$ly employ$ all _! k ( natural philosophy to deprive ! ,deity ( ! honor ( s /rik+ & impressive a prodigy4 ,nature 0 always ! favorite res\rce ( unbeliev]s2 b %e s]ves ! cause ( religion s v seasonably1 t !y might surely suspect "s collusion betwe5 !m4 #a4 ,x is n true t x is said 9 ! ,gospel1 t ! ,jewi% temple %\ld n be rebuilt4 ,! gospel ( ,mat!w1 :i* 0 evid5tly writt5 aft] ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem by ,titus1 prophesies1 c]ta9ly1 t n "o /one %\ld rema9 ^u ano!r ( ! temple ( ! ,iduman ,h]od2 b no evangeli/ says t x %all nev] be rebuilt4 ,x is p]fectly false t n "o /one rema9$ ^u ano!r :5 ,titus demoli%$ x4 ,all its f\ndations rema9$ toge!r1 ) "o entire wall & ! t[] ,antonia4 #b4 ,( :at consequ5ce c\ld x be to ! ,supreme ,be+ :e!r !re 0 a ,jewi% temple1 a magaz9e1 or a mosque1 on ! spot :]e ! ,jews 7 9 ! habit ( slaught]+ bullocks & c[s8 #c4 ,x is n asc]ta9$ :e!r x 0 f )9 ! circuit ( ! walls ( ! city1 or f )9 t ( ! temple1 t ^? fires proce$$ :i* burn$ ! workm54 ,b x is n v obvi\s :y ! ,jews %\ld burn ! workm5 ( ! emp]or ,julian1 & n ^? ( ! caliph ,om>1 :o long aft]w>ds built a mosque ^u ! ru9s ( ! temple2 or ^? ( ! great ,salad9 :o rebuilt ! same mosque4 ,_h ,jesus any p>ticul> pr$ilection = ! mosques ( ! ,mussulmans8 #d4 ,jesus1 not)/&+ 8 hav+ pr$ict$ t !re w\ld n rema9 "o /one ^u ano!r 9 ,j]usalem1 did n prev5t ! rebuild+ ( t city4 #e4 ,jesus pr$ict$ _m ?+s :i* ,god p]mitt$ nev] to come to pass4 ,he pr$ict$ ! end ( ! _w1 & 8 com+ 9 ! cl\ds ) great p[] & maje/y1 be=e or ab\t ! end ( ! !n exi/+ g5]ation4 ,! _w1 h[ev]1 has la/$ to ! pres5t mom5t1 & 9 all probability w la/ mu* long]4 #f4 ,if ,julian _h writt5 an acc\nt ( ?is miracle1 ,i %\ld say t he _h be5 impos$ ^u by a false & ridicul\s report2 ,i %\ld ?9k t ! ,*ri/ians1 8 enemies1 employ$ e artifice to oppose 8 ent]prise1 t !y !mselves kill$ ! workm51 & excit$ & promot$ ! belief ( _! be+ de/roy$ by a miracle2 b ,julian does n say a s+le ^w on ! subject4 ,! w> aga9/ ! ,p]sians at t "t fully occupi$ 8 att5tion2 he put (f ! rebuild+ ( ! temple to "s o!r "t1 & he di$ be=e he 0 able to comm5ce ! build+4 #g4 ,?is prodigy is relat$ by ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 :o 0 a ,pagan4 ,x is v possible t x may h be5 an int]polation ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,!y h be5 *>g$ ) committ+ numb]less o!rs :i* h be5 cle>ly prov$4 ,b x is n ! less probable t at a "t :5 no?+ 0 spok5 ( b prodigies & /ories ( wit*craft1 ,ammianus ,m>cell9us may h report$ ?is fable on ! fai? ( "s cr$ul\s n>rator4 ,f ,titus ,livius to de ,?\1 inclusively1 all hi/orians h be5 infect$ ) prodigies4 #h4 ,contempor>y au?ors relate t at ! same p]iod !re 0 9 ,syria a great convulsion ( ! e>?1 :i* 9 _m places broke out 9 conflagrations & swall[$ up _m cities4 ,!re 0 !re=e m miracle4 #i4 ,if ,jesus p]=m$ miracles1 w\ld x be 9 ord] to prev5t ! rebuild+ ( a temple 9 :i* he _h himself sacrific$1 & 9 :i* he 0 circumcis$8 ,or w\ld he n r p]=m miracles to conv]t to ,*ri/ianity ! v>i\s nations :o at pres5t ridicule x8 ,or r /ill1 to r5d] m humane1 m k9d1 ,*ri/ians !mselves1 :o1 f ,arius & ,a?anasius d[n to ,rol& & ! ,palad9s ( ! ,cv5nes1 h %$ torr5ts ( human blood1 & conduct$ !mselves ne>ly z might be expect$ f cannibals8 ,h5ce ,i conclude t nature is n 9 collusion1 z ,la ,blett]ie expresses x1 ) ,*ri/ianity1 b t ,la ,blett]ie is 9 collusion ) "s old wom5's /ories1 "o ( ^? p]sons1 z ,julian phrases x1 quibus cum /olidis aniculis negotium erat4 ,la ,blett]ie1 aft] hav+ done ju/ice to "s ( ,julian's virtues1 yet concludes ! hi/ory ( t great man by obs]v+1 t 8 dea? 0 ! effect ( div9e v5geance4 ,if t be ! case1 all ! h]oes :o h di$ "y1 f ,alex&] to ,gu/avus ,adolphus1 h1 we mu/ inf]1 be5 puni%$ by ,god4 ,julian di$ ! noble/ ( dea?s1 9 ! pursuit ( 8 enemies1 aft] _m victories4 ,jovian1 :o succe$$ him1 reign$ a mu* %ort] "t ?an he did1 & reign$ 9 disgrace4 ,i see no div9e v5geance 9 ! matt]2 & ,i see 9 ,la ,blett]ie himself no?+ m ?an a dis+5u\s1 di%one/ declaim]4 ,b :]e are ! m5 to be f\nd :o w d>e to speak out8 ,libanius ! ,/oic 0 "o ( ^! extraord9>y m54 ,he celebrat$ ! brave & clem5t ,julian 9 ! pres5ce ( ,!odosius1 ! :olesale murd]] ( ! ,!ssalonians2 b ,le ,beau & ,la ,blett]ie fe> to praise him 9 ! he>+ ( _! own puny p>i% (fic]s4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,let any "o suppose = a mom5t t ,julian _h ab&on$ false gods = ,*ri/ianity2 !n exam9e him z a man1 a philosoph]1 & an emp]or2 & let ! exam9] !n po9t out ! man :om he w v5ture to pref] to him4 ,if he _h liv$ only t5 ye>s long]1 !re is great probability t he w\ld h giv5 a diff]5t =m to ,europe f t :i* x be>s at pres5t4 ,! ,*ri/ian religion dep5d$ ^u 8 life2 ! ef=ts :i* he made = its de/ruction r5d]$ 8 "n execrable to ! nations :o h embrac$ x4 ,! ,*ri/ian prie/s1 :o 7 8 contempor>ies1 accuse him ( almo/ e crime1 because he _h committ$ :at 9 _! eyes 0 ! greate/ ( all--he _h l[]$ & humiliat$ !m4 ,x is n long s9ce 8 "n 0 nev] quot$ )\t ! epi!t ( apo/ate atta*$ to x2 & x is p]haps "o ( ! greate/ a*ievem5ts ( reason t he has at l5g? ceas$ to be m5tion$ "u s opprobri\s a designation4 ,:o w\ld imag9e t 9 "o ( ! ,m]curies ( ,p>is1 = ! ye> #agde1 ! au?or %>ply rebukes a c]ta9 writ] = fail+ 9 ! common c\rtesies ( life1 by call+ ?is emp]or ,julian ! apo/ate8 ,n m ?an a hundr$ ye>s ago ! man t w\ld n h treat$ him z an apo/ate w\ld himself h be5 treat$ z an a!i/4 ,:at is v s+ul>1 & at ! same "t p]fectly true1 is t if y put out ( consid]ation ! v>i\s disputes betwe5 ,pagans & ,*ri/ians1 9 :i* ?is emp]or 0 engag$2 if y foll[ him nei!r to ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es nor idolatr\s temples1 b obs]ve him att5tively 9 8 own h\sehold1 9 camp1 9 battle1 9 8 mann]s1 8 conduct1 & 8 writ+s1 y w f9d him 9 e respect equal to ,m>cus ,aurelius4 ,?us1 ! man :o has be5 describ$ z s abom9able & execrable1 is p]haps ! fir/1 or at lea/ ! second ( mank9d4 ,always sob]1 always temp]ate1 indulg+ 9 no lic5ti\s pleasures1 sleep+ on a m]e be>'s sk91 devot+ only a few h\rs1 & ev5 ^? ) regret1 to sleep2 divid+ 8 "t betwe5 /udy & bus9ess1 g5]\s1 susceptible ( fri5d%ip1 & an enemy to all pomp1 & pride1 & o/5tation4 ,_h he be5 m]ely a private individual he mu/ h extort$ univ]sal admiration4 ,if we consid] him 9 8 milit>y "*1 we see him con/antly at ! head ( 8 troops1 e/abli%+ or re/or+ discipl9e )\t rigor1 belov$ by 8 soldi]s & at ! same "t re/ra9+ _! excesses1 conduct+ 8 armies almo/ always on foot1 & %[+ !m an example ( endur+ e species ( h>d%ip1 ev] victori\s 9 all 8 exp$itions ev5 to ! la/ mom5ts ( 8 life1 & at l5g? dy+ at ! glori\s crisis :5 ! ,p]sians 7 r\t$4 ,8 dea? 0 t ( a h]o1 & 8 la/ words 7 ^? ( a philosoph]3 ,i submit1 says he1 will+ly to ! et]nal decrees ( heav51 conv9c$ t he :o is captivat$ ) life1 :5 8 la/ h\r is arriv$1 is m weak & pusillanim\s ?an he :o w\ld ru% to volunt>y dea? :5 x is 8 duty /ill to live4 ,he conv]ses to ! la/ mom5t on ! immortality ( ! s\l2 manife/s no regrets1 %[s no weakness1 & speaks only ( 8 submission to ! decrees ( ,provid5ce4 ,let x be rememb]$ t ?is is ! dea? ( an emp]or at ! age ( ?irty-two1 & let x be !n decid$ :e!r 8 memory %\ld be insult$4 ,z an emp]or1 we see him refus+ ! title ( ,dom9us1 :i* ,con/ant9e affect$2 reliev+ 8 p f difficulties1 dim9i%+ taxes1 enc\rag+ ! arts2 r$uc+ to ! mod]ate am\nt ( sev5ty ounces ea* ^? pres5ts 9 cr[ns ( gold1 :i* _h be=e be5 exact$ f e city to ! am\nt ( ?ree or f\r hundr$ m>ks2 promot+ ! /rict & g5]al obs]vance ( ! laws2 re/ra9+ bo? 8 (fic]s & m9i/]s f oppression1 & prev5t+ z mu* z possible all corruption4 ,t5 ,*ri/ian soldi]s conspire to assass9ate him2 !y are discov]$1 & ,julian p>dons !m4 ,! p ( ,antio*1 :o unit$ insol5ce to voluptu\sness1 (f] him an insult2 he rev5ges himself only l a man ( s5se2 & :ile he might h made !m feel ! weight ( imp]ial p[]1 he m]ely makes !m feel ! sup]iority ( 8 m9d4 ,comp>e ) ?is conduct ! executions :i* ,!odosius 7:o 0 v ne> be+ made a sa9t7 exhibit$ 9 ,antio*1 & ! ev] dreadful & memorable slaught] ( all ! inhabitants ( ,!ssalonica1 = an (f5ce ( a some:at simil> description2 & !n decide betwe5 ^! two celebrat$ *>act]s4 ,c]ta9 writ]s1 call$ fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*--,gregory ( ,nazianz51 & ,!odoret--?\ght x incumb5t on !m to calumniate him1 because he _h ab&on$ ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,!y did n consid] t x 0 ! triumph ( t religion to prevail ov] s great a man1 & ev5 ov] a sage1 aft] hav+ resi/$ tyrants4 ,"o ( !m says t he took a b>b>\s v5geance on ,antio* & fill$ x ) blood4 ,h[ c\ld a fact s public & atroci\s escape ! k ( all o!r hi/orians8 ,x is p]fectly kn[n t he %$ no blood at ,antio* b t ( ! victims sacrific$ 9 ! regul> s]vices ( religion4 ,ano!r v5tures to ass]t t be=e 8 dea? he ?rew "s ( 8 own blood t[>ds heav51 & exclaim$1 ,galilean1 ?\ ha/ conqu]$4 ,h[ c\ld a tale s insipid & s improbable1 ev5 = a mom5t obta9 cr$it8 ,0 x aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians t he 0 !n combat+8 & is su* an act1 are su* expressions1 9 ! slighte/ degree *>act]i/ic ( ! man8 ,m9ds ( a some:at sup]ior ord] to ^? ( ,julian's detractors may p]haps inquire1 h[ x c\ld occur t a /atesman l him1 a man ( s mu* intellect1 a g5u9e philosoph]1 c\ld quit ! ,*ri/ian religion1 9 :i* he 0 educat$1 = ,paganism1 ( :i*1 x is almo/ impossible n to suppose1 he mu/ h felt ! folly & ridicule4 ,x might be inf]r$ t if ,julian yield$ too mu* to ! sugge/ions ( 8 reason aga9/ ! my/]ies ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 he ought1 at lea/ 9 all consi/5cy1 to h yield$ m readily to ! dictates ( ! same reason1 :5 m correctly & decid$ly condemn+ ! fables ( ,paganism4 ,p]haps1 by att5d+ a little to ! progress ( 8 life1 & ! nature ( 8 "*1 we may discov] :at x 0 t inspir$ him ) s /rong an av]sion to ,*ri/ianity4 ,! emp]or ,con/ant9e1 8 great-uncle1 :o _h plac$ ! new religion on ! ?rone1 0 /a9$ by ! murd] ( 8 wife1 8 son1 8 bro!r-9law1 8 nephew1 & 8 fa!r-9-law4 ,! ?ree *ildr5 ( ,con/ant9e began _! bloody & baleful reign1 ) murd]+ _! uncle & _! c\s9s4 ,f t "t foll[$ a s]ies ( civil w>s & murd]s4 ,! fa!r1 ! bro!r1 & all ! relations ( ,julian1 & ev5 ,julian himself1 7 m>k$ d[n = de/ruction by ,con/antius1 8 uncle4 ,he escap$ ?is g5]al massacre1 b ! fir/ ye>s ( 8 life 7 pass$ 9 exile1 & he at la/ ow$ ! pres]vation ( 8 life1 8 =tune1 & ! title ( ,cs>1 only to ,eusebia1 ! wife ( 8 uncle ,con/antius1 :o1 aft] hav+ _h ! cruelty to proscribe 8 infancy1 _h ! imprud5ce to appo9t him ,cs>1 & ! /ill fur!r & great] imprud5ce ( !n p]secut+ him4 ,he 01 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 a witness ( ! insol5ce ) :i* a c]ta9 bi%op treat$ 8 b5efactress ,eusebia4 ,he 0 call$ ,leontius1 & 0 bi%op ( ,tripoli4 ,he s5t in=mation to ! empress1 t he w\ld n visit h] unless %e w\ld cons5t to receive him 9 a mann] correspond+ to 8 episcopal dignity--t is1 t %e %\ld advance to receive him at ! door1 t %e %\ld receive 8 b5$iction 9 a b5d+ attitude1 & t %e %\ld rema9 /&+ until he grant$ h] p]mission to be seat$4 ,! ,pagan pontiffs 7 n 9 ! habit ( treat+ pr9cesses precisely 9 ?is mann]1 & su* brutal arrogance c\ld n b make a deep impression on ! m9d ( a "y man atta*$ at once to philosophy & simplicity4 ,if he saw t he 0 9 a ,*ri/ian family1 he saw1 at ! same "t1 t he 0 9 a family r5d]$ di/+ui%$ by p>ricides2 if he look$ at ! c\rt bi%ops1 he p]ceiv$ t !y 7 at once audaci\s & intrigu+1 & t all ana!matiz$ ea* o!r 9 turn4 ,! ho/ile p>ties ( ,arius & ,a?anasius fill$ ! empire ) confusion & c>nage2 ! ,pagans1 on ! contr>y1 nev] _h any religi\s qu>rels4 ,x is natural !re=e t ,julian1 :o _h be5 educat$1 let x be rememb]$1 by philosophic ,pagans1 %\ld h /r5g!n$ by _! disc\rses ! av]sion he mu/ necess>ily h felt 9 8 he>t = ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,x is n m extraord9>y to see ,julian quit ,*ri/ianity = false gods1 ?an to see ,con/ant9e quit false gods = ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is highly probable t bo? *ang$ = motives ( /ate policy1 & t ?is policy 0 mix$ up 9 ! m9d ( ,julian ) ! /]n l(t9ess ( a /oic s\l4 ,! ,pagan prie/s _h no dogmas2 !y did n compel m5 to believe t :i* 0 incr$ible2 !y requir$ no?+ b sacrifices1 & ev5 sacrifices 7 n enjo9$ "u rigor\s p5alties2 !y did n set !mselves up z ! fir/ ord] 9 ! /ate1 did n =m a /ate )9 a /ate1 & did n mix 9 affairs ( gov]nm5t4 ,^! might well be consid]$ motives to induce a man ( ,julian's "* to decl>e himself on _! side2 & if he _h piqu$ himself ^u be+ no?+ besides a ,/oic1 he w\ld h _h aga9/ him ! prie/s ( bo? religions1 & all ! fanatics ( ea*4 ,! common p w\ld n at t "t h endur$ a pr9ce :o 0 cont5t simply ) ! pure wor%ip ( a pure div9ity & ! /rict obs]vance ( ju/ice4 ,x 0 necess>y to side ) "o ( ! oppos+ p>ties4 ,we mu/ !re=e believe t ,julian submitt$ to ! ,pagan c]emonies1 z ! majority ( pr9ces & great m5 att5d ! =ms ( wor%ip 9 ! public temples4 ,!y are l$ ?i!r by ! p !mselves1 & are (t5 oblig$ to appe> :at 9 fact !y are n2 & to be 9 public ! fir/ & greate/ slaves ( cr$ulity4 ,! ,turki% sultan mu/ bless ! "n ( ,om>4 ,! ,p]sian sophi mu/ bless ! "n ( ,ali4 ,m>cus ,aurelius himself 0 initiat$ 9 ! my/]ies ( ,eleusis4 ,we ought n !re=e to be surpris$ t ,julian %\ld h debas$ 8 reason by condesc5d+ to ! =ms & usages ( sup]/ition2 b x is impossible n to feel indignant aga9/ ,!odoret1 z ! only hi/orian :o relates t he sacrific$ a woman 9 ! temple ( ! moon at ,c>res4 ,?is infam\s /ory mu/ be class$ ) ! absurd tale ( ,ammianus1 t ! g5ius ( ! empire appe>$ to ,julian be=e 8 dea?1 & ) ! o!r equally ridicul\s "o1 t :5 ,julian attempt$ to rebuild ! temple ( ,j]usalem1 !re came globes ( fire out ( ! e>?1 & consum$ all ! works & workm5 )\t di/9ction4 ,iliacos intra muros peccatur et extra4--,horace1 book i1 ep4 ii1 #af4 ,bo? ,*ri/ians & ,pagans equally1 circulat$ fables conc]n+ ,julian2 b ! fables ( ! ,*ri/ians1 :o 7 8 enemies1 7 fill$ ) calumny4 ,:o c\ld ev] be induc$ to believe t a philosoph] sacrific$ a woman to ! moon1 & tore out h] entrails ) 8 own h&s8 ,is su* atrocity compatible ) ! "* ( a rigid ,/oic8 ,he nev] put any ,*ri/ians to dea?4 ,he grant$ !m no favors1 b he nev] p]secut$ !m4 ,he p]mitt$ !m1 l a j sov]eign1 to keep _! own prop]ty2 & he wrote 9 opposition to !m l a philosoph]4 ,he =bade _! tea*+ 9 ! s*ools ! pr(ane au?ors1 :om !y endeavor$ to decry--?is 0 n p]secut+ !m2 & he prev5t$ !m f te>+ "o ano!r to pieces 9 _! outrage\s hatr$ & qu>rels--?is 0 protect+ !m4 ,!y _h 9 fact !re=e no?+ ) :i* !y c\ld reproa* him1 b ) hav+ ab&on$ !m1 & ) n be+ ( _! op9ion4 ,!y f\nd means1 h[ev]1 ( r5d]+ execrable to po/]ity a pr9ce1 :o1 b = 8 *ange ( religion1 w\ld h be5 admir$ & belov$ by all ! _w4 ,al?\gh we h already treat$ ( ,julian1 "u ! article on ,apo/ate2 al?\gh1 foll[+ ! example ( e sage1 we h deplor$ ! dreadful calamity he exp]i5c$ 9 n be+ a ,*ri/ian1 & h done ju/ice else:]e to 8 v>i\s excell5ces1 we mu/ nev]!less say some?+ m ^u ! subject4 ,we d ?is 9 consequ5ce ( an impo/ure equally absurd & atroci\s1 :i* we casually met ) 9 "o ( ^? petty diction>ies ) :i* ,france is n[ inundat$1 & :i* un=tunately are s easily compil$4 ,?is diction>y ( !ology :i* ,i am n[ allud+ to proce$s f an ex-,jesuit1 call$ ,paulian1 :o repeats ! /ory1 s discr$it$ & absurd1 t ! emp]or ,julian1 aft] be+ mortally w\nd$ 9 a battle ) ! ,p]sians1 ?rew "s ( 8 blood t[>ds heav51 exclaim+1 ,galilean1 ?\ ha/ conqu]$--a fable :i* de/roys itself1 z ,julian 0 conqu]or 9 ! battle1 & ,jesus ,*ri/ c]ta9ly 0 n ! ,god ( ! ,p]sians4 ,paulian1 not)/&+1 d>es to ass]t t ! fact is inconte/able4 ,& ^u :at gr\nd does he ass]t x8 ,^u ! gr\nd ( its be+ relat$ by ,!odoret1 ! au?or ( s _m di/+ui%$ lies2 & ev5 ?is notori\s writ] himself relates x only z a vague report2 he uses ! expression1 ,x is said4 ,?is /ory is wor?y ( ! calumniators :o /at$ t ,julian _h sacrific$ a woman to ! moon1 & t aft] 8 dea? a l>ge *e/ 0 f\nd among 8 movables fill$ ) human heads4 ,?is is n ! only falsehood & calumny ) :i* ?is ex-,jesuit ,paulian is *>geable4 ,if ^! contemptible wret*es knew :at injury !y did to our holy religion1 by endeavor+ to support x by impo/ure1 & by ! abom9able abuse ) :i* !y assail ! mo/ respectable *>act]s1 !y w\ld be less audaci\s & infuriat$4 ,!y c>e n1 h[ev]1 = support+ religion2 :at !y want is to ga9 money by _! libels2 & despair+ ( be+ read by p]sons ( s5se1 & ta/e1 & fa%ion1 !y g on ga!r+ & compil+ !ological tra%1 9 hopes t _! productions w be adopt$ 9 ! sem9>ies4 ,we s9c]ely ask p>don ( our well-in=m$ & respectable read]s = introduc+ su* names z ^? ( ! ex-,jesuits ,paulian1 ,nonnotte1 & ,pat\illet2 b aft] hav+ trampl$ to dea? s]p5ts1 we %all probably be excus$ = cru%+ fleas4 ,,j ,,& ,,unju/4 ,:o has giv5 u ! p]ception ( j & unju/8 ,god1 :o gave u a bra9 & a he>t4 ,b :5 does our reason in=m u t !re are su* ?+s z vice & virtue8 ,j at ! same "t x tea*es u t two & two make f\r4 ,!re is no innate k1 = ! same reason t !re is no tree t be>s leaves & fruit :5 x fir/ />ts above ! e>?4 ,!re is no?+ innate1 or fully develop$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance2 b--we repeat "h :at we h (t5 said--,god causes u to be born ) organs1 :i*1 z !y gr[ & become unfold$1 make u feel all t is necess>y = our species to feel1 = ! cons]vation ( t species4 ,h[ is ?is cont9ual my/]y p]=m$8 ,tell me1 ye yell[ inhabitants ( ! ,isles ( ,sunda1 ye black ,africans1 ye be>dless ,indians2 & y--,plato1 ,cic]o1 & ,epictetus4 ,y all equally feel t x is bett] to give ! sup]fluity ( y\r bread1 y\r rice1 or y\r manioc1 to ! poor man :o meekly reque/s x1 ?an to kill him or scoop 8 eyes out4 ,x is evid5t to ! :ole _w t a b5efit is m honorable to ! p]=m] ?an an outrage1 t g5tl5ess is pref]able to fury4 ,! only ?+ requir$1 !n1 is to ex]cise our reason 9 discrim9at+ ! v>i\s %ades ( :at is "r & wrong4 ,good & evil are (t5 neighbors2 our passions conf\nd !m2 :o %all enlight5 & direct u8 ,ourselves1 :5 we are calm & undi/urb$4 ,:oev] has writt5 on ! subject ( human duties1 9 all c\ntries ?r\gh\t ! _w1 has writt5 well1 because he wrote ) reason4 ,all h said ! same ?+2 ,socrates & ,epictetus1 ,confucius & ,cic]o1 ,m>cus ,anton9us & ,amura? ,,ii4 _h ! same morality4 ,we w\ld repeat e day to ! :ole ( ! human race3 ,morality is uni=m & inv>iable2 x comes f ,god3 dogmas are diff]5t2 !y come f ourselves4 ,jesus nev] taught any metaphysical dogmas2 ,he wrote no !ological c\rses2 ,he nev] said3 ,i am consub/antial2 ,i h two wills & two natures ) only "o p]son4 ,he left = ! ,cordeli]s & ! ,jacob9s1 :o w\ld appe> twelve hundr$ ye>s aft] ,him1 ! delicate & difficult topic ( argum5t1 :e!r ,8 "m 0 conceiv$ 9 orig9al s94 ,he nev] pron\nc$ m>riage to be ! visible sign ( a ?+ invisible2 ,he nev] said a ^w ab\t concomitant grace2 ,he in/itut$ nei!r monks nor inquisitors2 ,he appo9t$ no?+ ( :at we see at ! pres5t day4 ,god _h giv5 ! k ( j & unju/1 "r & wrong1 ?r\gh\t all ! ages :i* prec$$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,god nev] *ang$ nor c *ange4 ,! con/itution ( our s\ls1 our pr9ciples ( reason & morality1 w ev] be ! same4 ,h[ is virtue promot$ by !ological di/9ctions1 by dogmas f\nd$ on ^? di/9ctions1 by p]secutions f\nd$ on ^? dogmas8 ,nature1 t]rifi$ & horror-/ruck at all ^! b>b>\s inv5tions1 calls al\d to all m53 ,be j1 & n p]secut+ sophi/s4 ,y read 9 ! ,z5d-,ave/a1 :i* is ! summ>y ( ! laws ( ,zoroa/]1 ?is admirable maxim3 ,:5 x is d\btful :e!r ! action y are ab\t to p]=m is j or unju/1 ab/a9 f do+ x4 ,:at legislator ev] spoke bett]8 ,we h n "h ! sy/em ( probable op9ions1 inv5t$ by p :o call !mselves ! ,society ( ,jesus4 ,,ju/ice4 ,t ju/ice is (t5 extremely unju/1 is n an obs]vation m]ely ( ! pres5t day2 summum jus1 summa injuria1 is "o ( ! mo/ anci5t prov]bs 9 exi/5ce4 ,!re are _m dreadful ways ( be+ unju/2 z1 = example1 t ( rack+ ! innoc5t ,calas ^u equivocal evid5ce1 & ?us incurr+ ! guilt ( %$d+ innoc5t blood by a too /rong reliance on va9 presumptions4 ,ano!r me?od ( be+ unju/ is condemn+ to execution a man :o at mo/ des]ves only ?ree mon?s' imprisonm5t2 ?is species ( inju/ice is t ( tyrants1 & p>ticul>ly ( fanatics1 :o always become tyrants :5ev] !y obta9 ! p[] ( do+ mis*ief4 ,we _c m completely demon/rate ?is tru? ?an by ! lett] ( a celebrat$ b>ri/]1 writt5 9 #agff1 to ! m>quis ( ,becc>ia1 "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ pr(essors ( jurisprud5ce1 at ?is "t1 9 ,europe3 ,lett] ,to ,! ,m>quis ,( ,becc>ia1 ,pr(essor ,( ,public ,law ,at ,milan1 ,on ,! ,subject ,( ,m4 ,de ,morangies1 #aggb4 ,sir3--,y are a tea*] ( laws 9 ,italy1 a c\ntry f :i* we d]ive all laws except ^? :i* h be5 transmitt$ to u by our own absurd & contradictory cu/oms1 ! rema9s ( t anci5t b>b>ism1 ! ru/ ( :i* subsi/s to ?is day 9 "o ( ! mo/ fl\ri%+ k+doms ( ! e>?4 ,y\r book ^u crimes & puni%m5ts op5$ ! eyes ( _m ( ! lawy]s ( ,europe :o _h be5 br\ght up 9 absurd & inhuman usages2 & m5 began ev]y:]e to blu% at f9d+ !mselves /ill we>+ _! anci5t dress ( savages4 ,y\r op9ion 0 reque/$ on ! dreadful execution to :i* two "y g5tlem51 j out ( _! *ildhood1 _h be5 s5t5c$2 "o ( :om1 hav+ escap$ ! tortures he 0 de/9$ to1 has become a mo/ excell5t (fic] 9 ! s]vice ( ! great k+1 :ile ! o!r1 :o _h inspir$ ! brighte/ hopes1 di$ l a sage1 by a horrible dea?1 )\t o/5tation & )\t pusillanimity1 surr\nd$ by no less ?an five execution]s4 ,^! lads 7 accus$ ( indec5cy 9 action & words1 a fault :i* ?ree mon?s' imprisonm5t w\ld h suffici5tly puni%$1 & :i* w\ld h be5 infallibly correct$ by "t4 ,y repli$1 t _! judges 7 assass9s1 & t all ,europe 0 ( y\r op9ion4 ,i consult$ y on ! cannibal s5t5ces pass$ on ,calas1 on ,sirv51 & ,montbailli2 & y anticipat$ ! decrees :i* y aft]w>ds issu$ f ! *ief c\rts & (fic]s ( law 9 ! k+dom1 :i* ju/ifi$ injur$ innoc5ce & re-e/abli%$ ! honor ( ! nation4 ,i at pres5t consult y on a cause ( a v diff]5t nature4 ,x is at once civil & crim9al4 ,x is ! case ( a man ( quality1 a major-g5]al 9 ! army1 :o ma9ta9s alone 8 honor & =tune aga9/ a :ole family ( poor & obscure citiz5s1 & aga9/ an imm5se multitude consi/+ ( ! dregs ( ! p1 ^: execrations aga9/ him are e*o$ ?r\gh ! :ole ( ,france4 ,! poor family accuses ! g5]al (fic] ( tak+ f x by fraud & viol5ce a hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns4 ,! g5]al (fic] accuses ^! poor p]sons ( try+ to obta9 f him a hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns by means equally crim9al4 ,!y compla9 t !y are n m]ely 9 dang] ( los+ an imm5se prop]ty1 :i* !y nev] appe>$ to possess1 b also ( be+ oppress$1 insult$1 & beat5 by ! (fic]s ( ju/ice1 :o compell$ !m to decl>e !mselves guilty & cons5t to _! own ru9 & puni%m5t4 ,! g5]al solemnly prote/s1 t ^! imputations ( fraud & viol5ce are atroci\s calumnies4 ,! advocates ( ! two p>ties contradict ea* o!r on all ! facts1 on all ! inductions1 & ev5 on all ! reason+s2 _! memorials are call$ tissues ( falsehoods2 & ea* treats ! adv]se p>ty z inconsi/5t & absurd1--an inv>iable practice 9 e dispute4 ,:5 y h _h ! goodness1 sir1 to read _! memorials1 :i* ,i h n[ ! honor ( s5d+ to y1 y w1 ,i tru/1 p]mit me to sugge/ ! difficulties :i* ,i feel 9 ?is case2 !y are dictat$ by p]fect imp>tiality4 ,i "k nei!r ( ! p>ties1 & nei!r ( ! advocates2 b hav+1 9 ! c\rse ( f\r & tw5ty ye>s1 se5 calumny & inju/ice s (t5 triumph1 ,i may be p]mitt$ to endeavor to p5etrate ! labyr9? 9 :i* ^! mon/]s un=tunately f9d %elt]4 ,presumptions ,aga9/ ,! ,v]ron ,family4 #a4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re are f\r bills1 payable to ord]1 = a hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns1 drawn ) p]fect regul>ity by an (fic] o!rwise deeply involv$ 9 debt2 !y are payable = ! b5efit ( a woman ( ! "n ( ,v]ron1 :o call$ h]self ! wid[ ( a bank]4 ,!y are pres5t$ by h] gr&son1 ,du ,jonquay1 h] heir1 rec5tly admitt$ a doctor ( laws1 al?\gh he is ignorant ev5 ( or?ography4 ,is ?is en\gh8 ,yes1 9 an ord9>y case x w\ld be s2 b if1 9 ?is v extraord9>y case1 !re is an extreme probability1 t ! doctor ( laws nev] did & nev] c\ld c>ry ! money :i* he pret5ds to h deliv]$ 9 8 gr&mo!r's "n2 if ! gr&mo!r1 :o ma9ta9$ h]self ) difficulty 9 a g>ret1 by ! mis]able occupation ( pawnbrok+1 nev] c\ld h be5 9 ! possession ( ! hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns2 if1 9 %ort1 ! gr&son & 8 "m h spontane\sly confess$1 & atte/$ ! writt5 confession by _! actual signatures1 t !y attempt$ to rob ! g5]al1 & t he nev] receiv$ m ?an twelve hundr$ francs in/ead ( ?ree hundr$ ?\s& livres2--9 ?is case1 is n ! cause suffici5tly cle>$ up8 ,is n ! public suffici5tly able to judge f ^! prelim9>ies8 #b4 ,i appeal to y\rself1 sir1 :e!r x is probable t ! poor wid[ ( a p]son unkn[n 9 society1 :o is said to h be5 a petty /ock-jobb]1 & n a bank]1 c\ld be 9 possession ( s consid]able a sum to l5d1 at an extreme risk1 to an (fic] notori\sly 9 debt8 ,! g5]al1 9 %ort1 cont5ds1 t ?is jobb]1 ! husb& ( ! woman 9 "q1 di$ insolv5t2 t ev5 8 inv5tory 0 nev] paid =2 t ?is pret5d$ bank] 0 orig9ally a bak]'s boy 9 ! h\sehold ( ! duke ( ,sa9t-,agnan1 ! ,fr5* ambassador 9 ,spa92 t he aft]w>ds took up ! pr(ession ( a brok] at ,p>is2 & t he 0 compell$ by ,m4 ,hraut1 lieut5ant ( police1 to re/ore c]ta9 promissory notes1 or bills ( ex*ange1 :i* he _h obta9$ f "s "y man by extortion2--su* ! fatality imp5d+ ov] ?is wret*$ family f bills ( ex*ange6 ,%\ld all ^! /atem5ts be prov$1 d y conceive x at all probable t ?is family l5t a hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns to an involv$ (fic] ) :om !y 7 ^u no t]ms ( fri5d%ip or acqua9tance8 #c4 ,d y consid] x probable1 t ! jobb]'s gr&son1 ! doctor ( laws1 %\ld h gone on foot no less ?an five leagues1 h made tw5ty-six j\rneys1 h m\nt$ & desc5d$ ?ree ?\s& /eps1 all 9 ! space ( five h\rs1 )\t any /opp+1 to c>ry secretly twelve ?\s& f\r hundr$ & tw5ty-five l\is d'or to a man1 to :om1 on ! foll[+ day1 he publicly gives twelve hundr$ francs8 ,does n su* an acc\nt appe> to be inv5t$ ) an utt] defici5cy ( +5uity1 & ev5 ( common s5se8 ,d ^? :o believe x appe> to be sages8 ,:at c y ?9k1 !n1 ( ^? :o solemnly affirm x )\t believ+ x8 #d4 ,is x probable1 t "y ,du ,jonquay1 ! doctor ( laws1 & 8 own "m1 %\ld h made & sign$ a decl>ation1 ^u oa?1 be=e a sup]ior judge1 t ?is :ole acc\nt 0 false1 t !y _h nev] c>ri$ ! gold1 & t !y 7 confess$ rogues1 if 9 fact !y _h n be5 su*1 & if grief & remorse _h n extort$ ?is confession ( _! crime8 ,& :5 !y aft]w>ds say1 t !y _h made ?is confession be=e ! commiss>y1 only because !y _h previ\sly be5 assault$ & beat5 at ! h\se ( a proctor1 w\ld su* an excuse be deem$ by y reasonable or absurd8 ,c any?+ be cle>] ?an t1 if ?is doctor ( laws _h really be5 assault$ & beat5 9 any o!r h\se on acc\nt ( ?is cause1 he %\ld h dem&$ ju/ice ( ! commiss>y = ?is viol5ce1 in/ead ( freely sign+1 toge!r ) 8 "m1 t !y 7 bo? guilty ( a crime :i* !y _h n committ$8 ,w\ld x be admissible = !m to say3 ,we sign$ our condemnation because we ?\ght t ! g5]al _h b\ght ov] aga9/ u all ! police (fic]s & all ! *ief judges8 ,c good s5se li/5 = a mom5t to su* argum5ts8 ,w\ld any "o h d>$ to sugge/ su* ev5 9 ! days ( our b>b>ism1 :5 we _h nei!r laws1 nor mann]s1 nor cultivat$ reason8 ,if ,i may cr$it ! v circum/antial memorials ( ! g5]al1 ! ,v]rons1 :5 put 9 prison ^u 8 accusation1 at fir/ p]si/$ 9 ! confession ( _! crime4 ,!y wrote two lett]s to ! p]son :om !y _h made ! deposit>y ( ! bills extort$ f ! g5]al2 !y 7 t]rifi$ at ! contemplation ( _! guilt1 :i* !y saw might conduct !m to ! galleys or to ! gibbet4 ,!y aft]w>ds ga9 m firmness & confid5ce4 ,! p]sons ) :om !y 7 to divide ! fruit ( _! villa9y enc\rage & support !m2 & ! attractions ( ! va/ sum 9 _! contemplation s$uce1 hurry1 & urge !m on to p]sev]e 9 ! orig9al *>ge4 ,!y call 9 to _! assi/ance all ! d>k frauds & pettifogg+ *ican]y to :i* !y c ga9 access1 to cle> !m f a crime :i* !y _h !mselves actually admitt$4 ,!y avail !mselves ) dext]ity ( ! di/resses to :i* ! involv$ (fic] 0 occasionally r$uc$1 to give a color ( probability to 8 attempt+ ! re-e/abli%m5t ( 8 affairs by ! robb]y or !ft ( a hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns4 ,!y r\se ! commis]ation ( ! populace1 :i* at ,p>is is easily /imulat$ & fr5zi$4 ,!y appeal successfully = compassion to ! memb]s ( ! b>1 :o make x a po9t ( indisp5sable duty to employ _! eloqu5ce 9 _! behalf1 & to support ! weak aga9/ ! p[]ful1 ! p aga9/ ! nobility4 ,! cle>e/ case becomes 9 "t ! mo/ obscure4 ,a simple cause1 :i* ! police magi/rate w\ld h t]m9at$ 9 f\r days1 goes on increas+ = m ?an a :ole ye> by ! mire & fil? introduc$ into x ?r\gh ! numb]less *annels ( *ican]y1 int]e/1 & p>ty _s4 ,y w p]ceive t ! :ole ( ?is /atem5t is a summ>y ( memorials or docum5ts t appe>$ 9 ?is celebrat$ cause4 ,presumptions ,9 ,favor ,( ,! ,v]ron ,family4 ,we %all consid] ! def5ce ( ! gr&mo!r1 ! "m1 & ! gr&son 7doctor ( laws71 aga9/ ^! /rong presumptions4 #a4 ,! hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns 7or v ne>ly t sum71 :i* x is pret5d$ ! wid[ ,v]ron nev] 0 possess$ (1 7 =m]ly made ov] to h] by h] husb&1 9 tru/1 toge!r ) ! silv] plate4 ,?is deposit 0 secretly br\ght to h] six mon?s aft] h] husb&'s dea?1 by a man ( ! "n ( ,*ot>d4 ,%e plac$ !m out1 & always secretly1 ) a not>y call$ ,gilet1 :o re/or$ !m to h]1 /ill secretly1 9 #agfj4 ,%e _h !re=e1 9 fact1 ! hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns :i* h] adv]s>y pret5ds %e nev] possess$4 #b4 ,%e di$ 9 extreme old age1 :ile ! cause 0 go+ on1 prote/+1 aft] receiv+ ! sacram5t1 t ^! hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns 7 c>ri$ 9 gold to ! g5]al (fic] by h] gr&son1 9 tw5ty-six j\rneys on foot1 on ,sept4 #bc1 #agga4 #c4 ,x is n at all probable1 t an (fic] accu/om$ to borr[+1 & brok5 d[n 9 circum/ances1 %\ld h giv5 bills payable to ord] = ! sum ( ?ree hundr$ ?\s& livres1 to a p]son unkn[n to him1 unless he _h actually receiv$ t sum4 #d4 ,!re are witnesses :o saw c\nt$ out & rang$ 9 ord] ! bags fill$ ) ?is gold1 & :o saw ! doctor ( laws c>ry x to ! g5]al on foot1 "u 8 great coat1 9 tw5ty-six j\rneys1 occupy+ ! space ( five h\rs4 ,& he made ^! tw5ty-six a/oni%+ j\rneys m]ely to satisfy ! g5]al1 :o _h p>ticul>ly reque/$ secrecy4 #e4 ,! doctor ( laws adds3 ,our gr&mo!r & ourselves liv$1 x is true1 9 a g>ret1 & we l5t a little money ^u pl$ges2 b we liv$ s m]ely ^u a pr9ciple ( judici\s economy2 ! object 0 to buy = me ! (fice ( a c\nsellor ( p>liam5t1 at a "t :5 ! magi/racy 0 pur*asable4 ,x is true t my ?ree si/]s ga9 _! subsi/5ce by ne$le-"w & embroid]y2 ! reason ( :i* 01 t my gr&mo!r kept all h] prop]ty = me4 ,x is true t ,i h kept company only ) procuresses1 coa*m51 & lackeys3 ,i ackn[l$ge t ,i speak & t ,i write 9 _! /yle2 b ,i might n on t acc\nt be less wor?y ( becom+ a magi/rate1 by mak+1 aft] all1 a good use ( my "t4 #f4 ,all wor?y p]sons h commis]at$ our mis=tune4 ,m4 ,aub\rg1 a f>m]-g5]al1 z respectable z any 9 ,p>is1 has g5]\sly tak5 our side1 & 8 voice has obta9$ = u t ( ! public4 ,?is def5ce appe>s 9 "s "p ( x plausible4 ,_! adv]s>y refutes x 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,argum5ts ,( ,! ,major-,g5]al ,aga9/ ,^? ,( ,! ,v]ron ,family4 #a4 ,! /ory ( ! deposit mu/ be consid]$ by e man ( s5se z equally false & ridicul\s ) t ( ! six-&-tw5ty j\rneys on foot4 ,if ! poor jobb]1 ! husb& ( ! old woman1 _h int5d$ to give at 8 dea? s mu* money to 8 wife1 he might h done x 9 a direct way f h& to h&1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( a ?ird p]son4 ,if he _h be5 possess$ ( ! pret5d$ silv] plate1 "o-half ( x mu/ h belong$ to ! wife1 z equal own] ( _! unit$ goods4 ,%e w\ld n h rema9$ quiet = ! space ( six mon?s1 9 a paltry lodg+ ( two hundr$ francs a ye>1 )\t reclaim+ h] plate1 & ex]t+ h] utmo/ ef=ts to obta9 h] "r4 ,*ot>d also1 ! alleg$ fri5d ( h] husb& & h]self1 w\ld n h suff]$ h] to rema9 = six long mon?s 9 a /ate ( su* great indig5ce & anxiety4 ,!re 01 9 reality1 a p]son ( ! "n ( ,*ot>d2 b he 0 a man ru9$ by debts & debau*]y2 a fraudul5t bankrupt :o embezzl$ =ty ?\s& cr[ns f ! tax (fice ( ! f>m]s-g5]al 9 :i* he held a situation1 & :o is n likely to h giv5 up a hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns to ! gr&mo!r ( ! doctor 9 laws4 ,! wid[ ,v]ron pret5ds1 t %e employ$ h] money at int]e/1 always x appe>s 9 secrecy1 ) a not>y ( ! "n ( ,gilet1 b no trace ( ?is fact c be f\nd 9 ! (fice ( t not>y4 ,%e decl>es1 t ?is not>y return$ h] ! money1 /ill secretly1 9 ! ye> #agfj3 he 0 at t "t dead4 ,if all ^! facts be true1 x mu/ be admitt$ t ! cause ( ,du ,jonquay & ! ,v]rons1 built on a f\ndation ( su* ridicul\s lies1 mu/ inevitably fall to ! gr\nd4 #b4 ,! w ( wid[ ,v]ron1 made half an h\r be=e h] dea?1 ) dea? & ! "n ( ,god on h] lips1 is1 to all appe>ance1 9 itself a respectable & ev5 pi\s docum5t4 ,b if x be really 9 ! numb] ( ^? pi\s ?+s :i* are e day obs]v$ to be m]ely in/rum5tal to crime--if ?is l5d] ^u pl$ges1 :ile recomm5d+ h] s\l to ,god1 manife/ly li$ to ,god1 :at importance or weight c ! docum5t br+ ) x8 ,is x n r ! /ronge/ pro( ( impo/ure & villa9y8 ,! old woman _h always be5 made to /ate1 :ile ! suit 0 c>ri$ on 9 h] "n1 t %e possess$ only ?is sum ( "o hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns :i* x 0 int5d$ to rob h] (2 t %e nev] _h m ?an t sum2 & yet1 behold6 9 h] w %e m5tions five hundr$ ?\s& livres ( h] prop]ty6 ,"h are two hundr$ ?\s& francs m ?an any "o expect$1 & "h is ! wid[ ,v]ron convict$ out ( h] own m\?4 ,?us1 9 ?is s+ul> cause1 does ! at once atroci\s & ridicul\s impo/ure ( ! family break out on e side1 dur+ ! woman's life1 & ev5 :5 %e is )9 ! grasp ( dea?4 #c4 ,x is probable1 & x is ev5 9 evid5ce1 t ! g5]al w\ld n tru/ 8 bills = a hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns to a doctor ( :om he knew little or no?+1 )\t hav+ an ackn[l$gm5t f him4 ,he did1 h[ev]1 commit ?is inadv]t5ce1 :i* is ! fault ( an unsuspect+ & noble he>t2 he 0 l$ a/ray by ! y\?1 by ! c&or1 by ! app>5t g5]osity ( a man n m ?an tw5ty-sev5 ye>s ( age1 :o 0 on ! po9t ( be+ rais$ to ! magi/racy1 :o actually1 ^u an urg5t occasion1 l5t him twelve hundr$ francs1 & :o promis$ 9 ! c\rse ( a few days to obta9 = him1 f an opul5t company1 ! sum ( a hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns4 ,"h is ! knot & difficulty ( ! cause4 ,we mu/ /rictly exam9e :e!r x be probable1 t a man1 :o is admitt$ to h receiv$ ne>ly a hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns 9 gold1 %\ld on ! v morn+ aft]1 come 9 great ha/e1 z = a mo/ indisp5sable occasion1 to ! man :o ! ev5+ be=e _h advanc$ him twelve ?\s& f\r hundr$ & tw5ty-five l\is d'or4 ,!re is n ! slighte/ probability ( 8 do+ s4 ,x is /ill less probable1 z we h already obs]v$1 t a man ( di/9ction1 a g5]al (fic]1 & ! fa!r ( a family1 9 return = ! invaluable & almo/ unprec$5t$ k9dness ( l5d+ him a hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns1 %\ld1 in/ead ( ! s9c]e/ gratitude to 8 b5efactor1 absolutely endeavor to get him hang$2 & ?is on ! "p ( a man :o _h no?+ m to d ?an to await quietly ! di/ant expirations ( ! p]iods ( paym5t2 :o 0 "u no temptation1 9 ord] to ga9 "t1 to commit su* a pr(ligate & atroci\s villa9y1 & :o _h nev] 9 fact committ$ any villa9y at all4 ,surely x is m natural to ?9k t ! man1 ^: gr&fa!r 0 a pettifogg+1 paltry jobb]1 & ^: gr&mo!r 0 a wret*$ l5d] ( small sums ^u ! pl$ges ( absolute mis]y1 %\ld h avail$ himself ( ! bl9d confid5ce ( an unsuspect+ soldi]1 to extort f him a hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns1 & t he promis$ to divide ?is sum ) ! deprav$ & abom9able accomplices ( 8 bas5ess4 #d4 ,!re are witnesses :o depose 9 favor ( ,du ,jonquay & wid[ ,v]ron4 ,let u consid] :o ^? witnesses are1 & :at !y depose4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re is a woman ( ! "n ( ,t\rt]a1 a brok]1 :o support$ ! wid[ 9 h] p$dl+1 insignificant conc]n ( pawnbrok+1 & :o has be5 five times 9 ! hospital 9 consequ5ce ( ! sc&al\s impurities ( h] life2 :i* c be prov$ ) ! utmo/ ease4 ,!re is a coa*man call$ ,gilb]t1 :o1 sometimes firm1 at o!r times trembl+ 9 8 wick$ness1 decl>$ to a lady ( ! "n ( ,petit1 9 ! pres5ce ( six p]sons1 t he _h be5 suborn$ by ,du ,jonquay4 ,he subsequ5tly inquir$ ( _m o!r p]sons1 :e!r he %\ld yet be 9 "t to retract1 & reit]at$ expressions ( ?is nature be=e witnesses4 ,sett+ aside1 h[ev]1 :at has be5 /at$ ( ,gilb]t's disposition to retract1 x is v possible t he might be deceiv$1 & may n be *>geable ) falsehood & p]jury4 ,x is possible1 t he might see money at ! pawnbrok]'s1 & t he might be told1 & might believe1 t ?ree hundr$ ?\s& livres 7 !re4 ,no?+ is m dang]\s 9 _m p]sons ?an a quick & heat$ imag9ation1 :i* actually makes m5 ?9k t !y h se5 :at x 0 absolutely impossible = !m to see4 ,!n comes a man ( ! "n ( ,aubriot1 a godson ( ! procuress ,t\rt]a1 & completely "u h] guidance4 ,he deposes1 t he saw1 9 "o ( ! /reets ( ,p>is1 on ,sept4 #bc1 #agga1 ,doctor ,du ,jonquay 9 8 great coat1 c>ry+ bags4 ,surely !re is "h no conclusive pro( t ! doctor on t day made tw5ty-six j\rneys on foot1 & travell$ ov] five leagues ( gr\nd1 to deliv] secretly twelve ?\s& f\r hundr$ & tw5ty-five l\is d'or1 ev5 admitt+ all t ?is te/imony /ates to be true4 ,x appe>s cle>1 t ,du ,jonquay w5t ?is j\rney to ! g5]al1 & t he spoke to him2 & x appe>s probable1 t he deceiv$ him2 b x is n cle> t ,aubriot saw him g & return ?irte5 times 9 "o morn+4 ,x is /ill less cle>1 t ?is witness c\ld at t "t see s _m circum/ances occurr+ 9 ! /reet1 z he 0 actually labor+ "u a disord] :i* !re is no necessity to "n1 & on t v day und]w5t = x ! sev]e op]ation ( m$ic9e1 ) 8 legs tott]+1 8 head swell$1 & 8 tongue hang+ half out ( 8 m\?4 ,?is 0 n precisely ! mom5t = runn+ into ! /reet to see sights4 ,w\ld 8 fri5d ,du ,jonquay h said to him3 ,come & risk y\r life1 to see me trav]se a di/ance ( five leagues load$ ) gold3 ,i am go+ to deliv] ! :ole =tune ( my family1 secretly1 to a man ov]:elm$ ) debts2 ,i wi% to h1 privately1 z a witness1 a p]son ( y\r "*8 ,?is is n exce$+ly probable4 ,! surgeon :o appli$ ! m$ic9e to ! witness ,aubriot on ?is occasion1 /ates t he 0 by no means 9 a situation to g out2 & ! son ( ! surgeon1 9 8 int]rogatory1 ref]s ! case to ! academy ( surg]y4 ,b ev5 admitt+ t a man ( a p>ticul>ly robu/ con/itution c\ld h gone out & tak5 "s turns 9 ! /reet 9 ?is disgraceful & dreadful situation1 :at c\ld x h signifi$ to ! po9t 9 "q8 ,did he see ,du ,jonquay make tw5ty-six j\rneys betwe5 8 g>ret & ! g5]al's hotel8 ,did he see twelve ?\s& f\r hundr$ & tw5ty-five l\is d'or c>ri$ by him8 ,0 any individual :atev] a witness to ?is prodigy well wor?y ! ,?\s& & ,"o ,nights8 ,mo/ c]ta9ly n2 no p]son :atev]4 ,:at is ! am\nt1 !n1 ( all 8 evid5ce on ! subject8 #e4 ,t ! daught] ( ,mrs4 ,v]ron1 9 h] g>ret1 may h sometimes borr[$ small sums on pl$ges2 t ,mrs4 ,v]ron may h l5t !m1 9 ord] to obta9 & save a pr(it1 to make h] gr&son a c\nsellor ( p>liam5t1 has no?+ at all to d ) ! sub/ance ( ! case 9 "q4 ,9 defiance ( all ?is1 x w ev] be evid5t1 t ?is magi/rate by anticipation did n trav]se ! five leagues to c>ry to ! g5]al ! hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns1 & t ! g5]al nev] receiv$ !m4 #f4 ,a p]son nam$ ,aub\rg comes =w>d1 n m]ely z a witness1 b z a protector & b5efactor ( oppress$ innoc5ce4 ,! advocates ( ! ,v]ron family extol ?is man z a citiz5 ( r>e & intrepid virtue4 ,he became feel+ly alive to ! mis=tunes ( ,doctor ,du ,jonquay1 8 "m1 & gr&mo!r1 al?\gh he _h no acqua9tance ) !m2 & (f]$ !m 8 cr$it & 8 purse1 )\t any o!r object ?an t ( assi/+ p]secut$ m]it4 ,^u exam9ation x is f\nd1 t ?is h]o ( dis9t]e/$ b5evol5ce is a contemptible wret* :o began ! _w z a lackey1 0 !n successively an uphol/]]1 a brok]1 & a bankrupt1 & is n[1 l ,mrs4 ,v]ron & ,t\rt]a1 by pr(ession a pawnbrok]4 ,he flies to ! assi/ance ( p]sons ( 8 own pr(ession4 ,! woman ,t\rt]a1 9 ! fir/ place1 gave him tw5ty-five l\is d'or1 to int]e/ 8 probity & k9dness 9 assi/+ a desolate family4 ,! g5]\s ,aub\rg _h ! greatness ( s\l to make an agreem5t ) ! old gr&mo!r1 almo/ :5 %e 0 dy+1 by :i* %e gives him fifte5 ?\s& cr[ns1 on condition ( 8 und]tak+ to defray ! exp5ses ( ! cause4 ,he ev5 takes ! precaution to h ?is b>ga9 notic$ & confirm$ 9 ! w1 dictat$1 or pret5d$ to be dictat$1 by ?is old wid[ ( ! jobb] on h] dea?-b$4 ,?is respectable & v5]able man !n hopes "o day to divide ) "s ( ! witnesses ! spoils t are to be obta9$ f ! g5]al4 ,x is ! magnanim\s he>t ( ,aub\rg t has =m$ ?is dis9t]e/$ s*eme2 x is he :o has conduct$ ! cause :i* he seems to h tak5 up z a patrimony4 ,he believ$ ! bills payable to ord] w\ld infallibly be paid4 ,he is 9 fact a receiv] :o p>ticipates 9 ! plund] effect$ by robb]s1 & :o appropriates ! bett] "p to himself4 ,su* are ! replies ( ! g5]al3 ,i nei!r subtract f !m nor add to !m--,i simply /ate !m4 ,i h ?us expla9$ to y1 sir1 ! :ole sub/ance ( ! cause1 & /at$ all ! /ronge/ argum5ts on bo? sides4 ,i reque/ y\r op9ion ( ! s5t5ce :i* ought to be pron\nc$1 if matt]s %\ld rema9 9 ! same /ate1 if ! tru? _c be irrevocably obta9$ f "o or o!r ( ! p>ties1 & made to appe> p]fectly )\t a cl\d4 ,! reasons ( ! g5]al (fic] are ?us f> conv9c+4 ,natural equity is on 8 side4 ,?is natural equity1 :i* ,god has e/abli%$ 9 ! he>ts ( all m51 is ! basis ( all law4 ,ought we to de/roy ?is f\ndation ( all ju/ice1 by s5t5c+ a man to pay a hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns :i* he does n appe> to owe8 ,he drew bills = a hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns1 9 ! va9 hope t he %\ld receive ! money2 he negotiat$ ) a "y man :om he did n "k1 j z he w\ld h done ) ! bank] ( ! k+ or ( ! empress-que54 ,%\ld 8 bills h m validity ?an 8 reasons8 ,a man c]ta9ly _c owe :at he has n receiv$4 ,bills1 policies1 bonds1 always imply t ! correspond+ sums h be5 deliv]$ & _h2 b if !re is evid5ce t no money has be5 _h & deliv]$1 !re c be no obligation to return or pay any4 ,if !re is writ+ aga9/ writ+1 docum5t aga9/ docum5t1 ! la/ dat$ cancels ! =m] ones4 ,b 9 ! pres5t case ! la/ writ+ is t ( ,du ,jonquay & 8 "m1 & x /ates t ! opposite p>ty 9 ! cause nev] receiv$ f !m a hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns1 & t !y are *eats & impo/ors4 ,:at6 because !y h disav[$ ! tru? ( _! confession1 :i* !y /ate to h be5 made 9 consequ5ce ( _! hav+ receiv$ a bl[ or an assault1 %all ano!r man's prop]ty be adjudg$ to !m8 ,i w suppose = a mom5t 7:at is by no means probable71 t ! judges1 b\nd d[n by =ms1 w s5t5ce ! g5]al to pay :at 9 fact he does n owe2--w !y n 9 ?is case de/roy 8 reputation z well z 8 =tune8 ,w n all :o h sid$ aga9/ him 9 ?is mo/ s+ul> adv5ture1 *>ge him ) calumni\sly accus+ 8 adv]s>ies ( a crime ( :i* he is himself guilty8 ,he w lose 8 honor1 9 _! e/imation1 9 los+ 8 prop]ty4 ,he w nev] be acquitt$ b 9 ! judgm5ts ( ^? :o exam9e pr(\ndly4 ,! numb] ( ^! is always small4 ,:]e are ! m5 to be f\nd :o h leisure1 att5tion1 capacity1 imp>tiality1 to consid] anxi\sly e aspect & be>+ ( a cause 9 :i* !y are n !mselves int]e/$8 ,!y judge 9 ! same way z our anci5t p>liam5t judg$ ( books--t is1 )\t read+ !m4 ,y1 sir1 are fully acqua9t$ ) ?is1 & "k t m5 g5]ally judge ( ev]y?+ by prejudice1 he>say1 & *ance4 ,no "o reflects t ! cause ( a citiz5 ought to int]e/ ! :ole body ( citiz5s1 & t we may ourselves h to endure 9 despair ! same fate :i* we p]ceive1 ) eyes & feel+s ( indiff]5ce1 fall+ heavily ^u him4 ,we write & comm5t e day ^u ! judgm5ts pass$ by ! s5ate ( ,rome & ! areopagus ( ,a!ns2 b we ?9k n = a mom5t ( :at passes be=e our own tribunals4 ,y1 sir1 :o compreh5d all ,europe 9 y\r rese>*es & decisions1 w1 ,i s9c]ely hope1 deign to communicate to me a portion ( y\r light4 ,x is possible1 c]ta9ly1 t ! =malities & *ican]y connect$ ) law proce$+s1 & ) :i* ,i am little conv]sant1 may occasion to ! g5]al ! loss ( ! cause 9 c\rt2 b x appe>s to me t he mu/ ga9 x at ! tribunal ( an enlight5$ public1 t awful & accurate judge :o pron\nces aft] deep inve/igation1 & :o is ! f9al dispos] ( "*4 ,,k+4 ,k+1 basileus1 tyrannos1 rex1 dux1 imp]ator1 mel*1 baal1 bel1 ph>aoh1 eli1 %adai1 adonai1 %ak1 sophi1 padi%a1 bogdan1 *azan1 kan1 krall1 kong1 knig1 etc4--all expressions :i* signify ! same (fice1 b :i* convey v diff]5t ideas4 ,9 ,greece1 nei!r basileus nor tyrannos ev] convey$ ! idea ( absolute p[]4 ,he :o 0 able obta9$ ?is p[]1 b x 0 always obta9$ aga9/ ! incl9ation ( ! p4 ,x is cle>1 t among ! ,romans k+s 7 n despotic4 ,! la/ ,t>qu9 des]v$ to be expell$1 & 0 s4 ,we h no pro( t ! petty *iefs ( ,italy 7 ev] able1 at _! pleasure1 to pres5t a b[/r+ to ! fir/ man ( ! /ate1 z is n[ done to a vile ,turk 9 8 s]aglio1 & l b>b>\s slaves1 /ill m imbecile1 suff] him to use x )\t compla9t4 ,!re 0 no k+ on ?is side ! ,alps1 & 9 ! ,nor?1 at ! "t we became acqua9t$ ) ?is l>ge qu>t] ( ! _w4 ,! ,cimbri1 :o m>*$ t[>ds ,italy1 & :o 7 ext]m9at$ by ,m>ius1 7 l fami%$ wolves1 :o issu$ f ^? =e/s ) _! females & :elps4 ,z to a cr[n$ head among ^! animals1 or ord]s on ! "p ( a secret>y ( /ate1 ( a gr& butl]1 ( a *ancellor--any notion ( arbitr>y taxes1 commiss>ies1 fiscal edicts1 etc4--!y knew no m ( any ( ^! ?an ( ! vesp]s & ! op]a4 ,x is c]ta9 t gold & silv]1 co9$ & unco9$1 =m an admirable means ( plac+ him :o has !m n1 9 ! p[] ( him :o has f\nd out ! secret ( accumulation4 ,x is = ! latt] alone to possess great (fic]s1 gu>ds1 cooks1 girls1 wom51 jail]s1 almon]s1 pages1 & soldi]s4 ,x w\ld be v difficult to insure ob$i5ce ) no?+ to be/[ b %eep & %eep-sk9s4 ,x is also v likely1 aft] all ! revolutions ( our globe1 t x 0 ! art ( work+ metals :i* orig9ally made k+s1 z x is ! art ( ca/+ cannon :i* n[ ma9ta9s !m4 ,cs> 0 "r :5 he said1 t ) gold we may procure m51 & ) m5 acquire gold4 ,?is secret _h be5 kn[n = ages 9 ,asia & ,egypt1 :]e ! pr9ces & ! prie/s %>$ ! b5efit betwe5 !m4 ,! pr9ce said to ! prie/3 ,take ?is gold1 & 9 return uphold my p[]1 & prophesy 9 my favor2 ,i w be ano9t$1 & ?\ %alt ano9t me2 con/itute oracles1 manufacture miracles2 ?\ %alt be well paid = ?y labor1 provid$ t ,i am always ma/]4 ,! prie/1 ?us obta9+ l& & weal?1 prophesies = himself1 makes ! oracles speak = himself1 *ases ! sov]eign f ! ?rone1 & v (t5 takes 8 place4 ,su* is ! hi/ory ( ! %otim ( ,egypt1 ! magi ( ,p]sia1 ! soo?say]s ( ,babylon1 ! *az9 ( ,syria 7if ,i mi/ake ! "n x am\nts to little7--all :i* holy p]sons s\ght to rule4 ,w>s betwe5 ! ?rone & ! alt> h 9 fact exi/$ 9 all c\ntries1 ev5 among ! mis]able ,jews4 ,we1 inhabitants ( ! temp]ate zone ( ,europe1 h kn[n ?is well = a doz5 c5turies4 ,our m9ds n be+ s temp]ate z our climate1 we well "k :at x has co/ u4 ,gold & silv] =m s entirely ! primum mobile ( ! holy connection betwe5 sov]eignty & religion1 t _m ( our k+s /ill s5d x to ,rome1 :]e x is seiz$ & %>$ by prie/s z soon z x arrives4 ,:51 9 ?is et]nal conflict = dom9ion1 lead]s h become p[]ful1 ea* has exhibit$ 8 pre-em95ce 9 a mode ( 8 own4 ,x 0 a crime to spit 9 ! pres5ce ( ! k+ ( ! ,m$es4 ,! e>? mu/ be /rick5 n9e times by ! =ehead 9 ! pres5ce ( ! emp]or ( ,*9a4 ,a k+ ( ,engl& imag9es t he _c take a glass ( be] unless x be pres5t$ on ! knees4 ,ano!r k+ w h 8 "r foot salut$1 & all w take ! money ( _! p4 ,9 "s c\ntries ! krall1 or *az91 is all[$ an income1 z 9 ,pol&1 ,sw$51 & ,great ,brita94 ,9 o!rs1 a piece ( pap] is suffici5t = 8 treasury to obta9 all t x requires4 ,s9ce we write ^u ! rights ( ! p1 on taxation1 on cu/oms1 etc41 let u endeavor1 by pr(\nd reason+1 to e/abli% ! novel maxim1 t a %eph]d ought to %e> 8 %eep1 & n to flay !m4 ,z to ! due limits ( ! pr]ogatives ( k+s1 & ( ! lib]ty ( ! p1 ,i recomm5d y to exam9e t "q at y\r ease 9 "s hotel 9 ! t[n ( ,am/]dam4 ,,kiss4 ,i ask p>don ( "y ladies & g5tlem51 = !y w n f9d "h :at !y may possibly expect4 ,?is article is only = le>n$ & s]i\s p1 & w suit v few ( !m4 ,!re is too mu* ( kiss+ 9 ! com$ies ( ! "t ( ,molire4 ,! valets are always reque/+ kisses f ! wait+-wom51 :i* is exce$+ly flat & disagreeable1 especially :5 ! actors are ugly & mu/ necess>ily exhibit aga9/ ! gra94 ,if ! read] is fond ( kisses1 let him p]use ! ,pa/or ,fido3 !re is an entire *orus :i* treats only ( kisses1 & ! piece itself is f\nd$ only on a kiss :i* ,mirtillo "o day be/[s on ! fair ,am>yllis1 9 a game at bl9dman's buff--un bacio molto saporito4 ,9 a *apt] on kiss+ by ,john de la ,casa1 ar*bi%op ( ,b5ev5to1 he says1 t p may kiss f ! head to ! foot4 ,he compla9s1 h[ev]1 ( long noses1 & recomm5ds ladies :o possess su* to h lov]s ) %ort ones4 ,to kiss 0 ! ord9>y mann] ( salutation ?r\gh\t all antiquity4 ,plut>* relates1 t ! conspirators1 be=e !y kill$ ,cs>1 kiss$ 8 face1 8 h&s1 & 8 bosom4 ,tacitus obs]ves1 t :5 8 fa!r-9-law1 ,agricola1 return$ to ,rome1 ,domitian kiss$ him coldly1 said no?+ to him1 & left him disreg>d$ 9 ! surr\nd+ cr[d4 ,an inf]ior1 :o c\ld n aspire to kiss 8 sup]ior1 kiss$ 8 own h&1 & ! latt] return$ ! salute 9 a simil> mann]1 if he ?\ght prop]4 ,! kiss 0 ev] us$ 9 ! wor%ip ( ! gods4 ,job1 9 8 p>able1 :i* is possibly ! olde/ ( our kn[n books1 says t he _h n ador$ ! sun & moon l ! o!r ,arabs1 or suff]$ 8 m\? to kiss 8 h& to !m4 ,9 ! ,we/ !re rema9s ( ?is civility only ! simple & innoc5t practice yet taught 9 c\ntry places to *ildr5--t ( kiss+ _! "r h&s 9 return = a sug>-plum4 ,x is horrible to betray :ile salut+2 ! assass9ation ( ,cs> is !reby r5d]$ mu* m odi\s4 ,x is unnecess>y to add1 t ! kiss ( ,judas has become a prov]b4 ,joab1 "o ( ! capta9s ( ,david1 be+ jeal\s ( ,amasa1 ano!r capta91 said to him1 ,art ?\ 9 heal?1 my bro!r8 & took him by ! be>d ) 8 "r h& to kiss him1 :ile ) ! o!r he drew 8 sword & smote him s t 8 b[els 7 %$ ^u ! gr\nd4 ,we "k n ( any kiss+ 9 ! o!r assass9ations s frequ5t among ! ,jews1 except possibly ! kisses giv5 by ,judi? to ! capta9 ,hol(]nes1 be=e %e cut (f 8 head 9 8 b$2 b no m5tion is made ( !m1 & !re=e ! fact is only to be reg>d$ z probable4 ,9 ,%akespe>e's trag$y ( ,o!llo1 ! h]o1 :o is a ,moor1 gives two kisses to 8 wife be=e he /rangles h]4 ,?is appe>s abom9able to ord]ly p]sons1 b ! p>tisans ( ,%akespe>e say1 t x is a f9e specim5 ( nature1 especially 9 a ,moor4 ,:5 ,john ,galeas ,s=za 0 assass9at$ 9 ! ca!dral ( ,milan1 on ,/4 ,/eph5's day2 ! two ,m$icis1 9 ! *ur* ( ,rep>ata2 ,admiral ,coligni1 ! pr9ce ( ,orange1 ,m>%al d',ancre1 ! bro!rs ,de ,witt1 & s _m o!rs1 !re 0 at lea/ no kiss+4 ,among ! anci5ts !re 0 some?+1 ,i "k n :at1 symbolical & sacr$ atta*$ to ! kiss1 s9ce ! /atues ( ! gods 7 kiss$1 z also _! be>ds1 :5 ! sculptors repres5t$ !m ) be>ds4 ,! initiat$ kiss$ "o ano!r 9 ! my/]ies ( ,c]es1 9 sign ( concord4 ,! fir/ ,*ri/ians1 male & female1 kiss$ ) ! m\? at _! ,agap1 or love-fea/s4 ,!y be/[$ ! holy kiss1 ! kiss ( peace1 ! bro!rly & si/]ly kiss1 hagion philema4 ,?is cu/om1 la/$ = f\r c5turies1 & 0 f9ally aboli%$ 9 di/ru/ ( ! consequ5ces4 ,x 0 ?is cu/om1 ^! kisses ( peace1 ^! love-fea/s1 ^! appellations ( bro!r & si/]1 :i* drew on ! ,*ri/ians1 :ile little kn[n1 ^? imputations ( debau*]y be/[$ ^u !m by ! prie/s ( ,jupit] & ! prie/esses ( ,ve/a4 ,we read 9 ,petronius & 9 o!r au?ors1 t ! dissolute call$ "o ano!r bro!r & si/]2 & x 0 ?\ght1 t among ,*ri/ians ! same lic5ti\sness 0 int5d$4 ,!y innoc5tly gave occasion = ! sc&al ^u !mselves4 ,9 ! comm5cem5t1 sev5te5 diff]5t ,*ri/ian societies exi/$1 z !re _h be5 n9e among ! ,jews1 includ+ ! two k9ds ( ,sam>itans4 ,^? bodies :i* consid]$ !mselves ! mo/ or?odox accus$ ! o!rs ( inconceivable impurities4 ,! t]m gno/ic1 at fir/ s honorable1 & :i* signifies ! le>n$1 enlight5$1 pure1 became an epi!t ( horror & ( contempt1 & a reproa* ( h]esy4 ,/4 ,epiphanius1 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 pret5d$ t ! males & females at fir/ tickl$ ea* o!r1 & at l5g? proce$$ to lascivi\s kisses1 judg+ ( ! degree ( fai? 9 ea* o!r by ! w>m? ( !m4 ,a ,*ri/ian husb& 9 pres5t+ 8 wife to a newly-initiat$ memb]1 w\ld exhort h] to receive him1 z above /at$1 & 0 always obey$4 ,we d>e n repeat1 9 our *a/e language1 all t ,epiphanius adds 9 ,greek4 ,we %all simply obs]ve1 t ?is sa9t 0 probably a little impos$ ^u1 t he suff]$ himself to be transport$ by 8 zeal1 & t all ! h]etics 7 n execrable debau*ees4 ,! sect ( pieti/s1 wi%+ to imitate ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 at pres5t be/[ on ea* o!r kisses ( peace1 on dep>t+ f _! assemblies1 & also call "o ano!r bro!r & si/]4 ,! anci5t c]emony 0 a kiss ) ! lips1 & ! pieti/s h c>efully pres]v$ x4 ,!re 0 no o!r mann] ( salut+ ! ladies 9 ,france1 ,italy1 ,g]many1 & ,engl&4 ,! c>d9als enjoy$ ! privilege ( kiss+ ! lips ( que5s1 ev5 9 ,spa91 ?\gh--:at is s+ul>--n 9 ,france1 :]e ! ladies h always _h m lib]ties ?an else:]e2 b e c\ntry has its c]emonies1 & !re is no cu/om s g5]al b *ance may h produc$ an exception4 ,x 0 an incivility1 a rud5ess1 9 receiv+ ! fir/ visit ( a nobleman1 if a lady did n kiss 8 lips--no matt] ab\t 8 mu/a*es4 ,x is an unpleasant cu/om1 says ,montaigne1 & (f5sive to ! ladies to h to (f] _! lips to ! ?ree valets 9 8 suite1 h[ev] repulsive4 ,?is cu/om is1 h[ev]1 ! mo/ anci5t 9 ! _w4 ,if x is disagreeable to a "y & pretty m\? to glue itself to "o :i* is old & ugly1 !re is also great dang] 9 ! junction ( fre% & v]milion lips ( ! age ( tw5ty to tw5ty-five--a tru? :i* has f9ally aboli%$ ! c]emony ( kiss+ 9 my/]ies & love-fea/s4 ,h5ce also ! seclusion ( wom5 ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/1 :o kiss only _! fa!rs & bro!rs--a cu/om long ago introduc$ into ,spa9 by ! ,arabs4 ,att5d to ! dang]3 !re is a n]ve :i* runs f ! m\? to ! he>t1 & !nce l[] /ill1 :i* produces 9 ! kiss an exquisitely dang]\s s5sation4 ,virtue may suff] f a prolong$ & ard5t kiss betwe5 two "y pieti/s ( ! age ( eighte54 ,x is rem>kable t mank9d1 & turtles1 & pigeons alone practise kiss+2 h5ce ! ,lat9 ^w columbatim1 :i* our language _c r5d]4 ,we _c decor\sly dwell long] on ?is int]e/+ subject1 al?\gh ,montaigne says1 ,x %\ld be spok5 ( )\t res]ve2 we boldly speak ( kill+1 w\nd+1 & betray+1 :ile on ?is po9t we d>e only :isp]4 ,,laught]4 ,t laught] is ! sign ( joy1 z te>s are ( grief1 is d\bt$ by no "o t ev] laugh$4 ,!y :o seek = metaphysical causes ( laught] are n mir?ful1 :ile !y :o are aw>e t laught] draws ! zygomatic muscle backw>ds t[>ds ! e>s1 are d\btless v le>n$4 ,o!r animals h ?is muscle z well z ourselves1 yet nev] laugh any m ?an !y %$ te>s4 ,! /ag1 to be sure1 drops moi/ure f its eyes :5 9 ! extremity ( di/ress1 z does a dog dissect$ alive2 b !y weep n = _! mi/resses or fri5ds1 z we d4 ,!y break n out l u into fits ( laught] at ! sight ( any?+ droll4 ,man is ! only animal :i* laughs & weeps4 ,z we weep only :5 we are afflict$1 & laugh only :5 we are gay1 c]ta9 reason]s h pret5d$ t laught] spr+s f pride1 & t we deem ourselves sup]ior to t :i* we laugh at4 ,x is true t man1 :o is a risible animal1 is also a pr\d "o2 b x is n pride :i* produces laught]4 ,a *ild :o laughs he>tily1 is n m]ry because he reg>ds himself z sup]ior to ^? :o excite 8 mir?2 nor1 laugh+ :5 he is tickl$1 is he to be held guilty ( ! mortal s9 ( pride4 ,i 0 elev5 ye>s ( age :5 ,i read to myself1 = ! fir/ "t1 ! ,amphitryon ( ,molire1 & laugh$ until ,i ne>ly fell backw>d4 ,0 ?is pride8 ,we are seldom pr\d :5 alone4 ,0 x pride :i* caus$ ! ma/] ( ! gold5 ass to laugh :5 he saw ! ass eat 8 supp]8 ,he :o laughs is joyful at ! mom5t1 & is prompt$ by no o!r cause4 ,x is n all joy :i* produces laught]3 ! greate/ enjoym5ts are s]i\s4 ,! pleasures ( love1 ambition1 or av>ice1 make nobody laugh4 ,laught] may sometimes ext5d to convulsions2 x is ev5 said t p]sons may die ( laught]4 ,i c sc>cely believe x2 b c]ta9ly !re are m :o die ( grief4 ,viol5t emotions1 :i* sometimes move to te>s & sometimes to ! appe>ance ( laught]1 no d\bt di/ort ! muscles ( ! m\?2 ?is1 h[ev]1 is n g5u9e laught]1 b a convulsion & a pa94 ,! te>s may sometimes be g5u9e1 because ! object is suff]+1 b laught] is n4 ,x mu/ h ano!r "n1 & be call$ ! risus s>donicus--s>donic smile4 ,! malici\s smile1 ! p]fidum rid5s1 is ano!r ?+2 be+ ! joy :i* is excit$ by ! humiliation ( ano!r4 ,! gr91 ca*9nus1 is be/[$ on ^? :o promise wond]s & p]=m absurdities2 x is ne>] to hoot+ ?an to laught]4 ,our pride d]ides ! vanity :i* w\ld impose ^u u4 ,!y hoot our fri5d ,frron 9 ,! ,scot*woman1 r ?an laugh at him4 ,i love to speak ( fri5d ,frron1 z 9 t case ,i laugh unequivocally4 ,,law 7,,natural74 ,b4 ,:at is natural law8 ,a4 ,! in/9ct by :i* we feel ju/ice4 ,b4 ,:at d y call j & unju/8 ,a4 ,t :i* appe>s s to ! :ole _w4 ,b4 ,! _w is made up ( a great _m heads4 ,x is said t at ,lac$mon ?ieves 7 applaud$1 :ile at ,a!ns !y 7 condemn$ to ! m9es4 ,a4 ,t is all a m]e abuse ( words1 m]e logoma*y & ambiguity4 ,!ft 0 impossible at ,sp>ta1 :]e all prop]ty 0 common4 ,:at y call !ft 0 ! puni%m5t ( av>ice4 ,b4 ,x 0 =bidd5 = a man to m>ry 8 si/] at ,rome4 ,among ! ,egyptians1 ! ,a!nians1 & ev5 ! ,jews1 a man 0 p]mitt$ to m>ry 8 si/] by ! fa!r's side4 ,x is n )\t regret t ,i cite ! small & wret*$ nation ( ! ,jews1 :o c]ta9ly ought nev] to be consid]$ z a rule = any p]son1 & :o--sett+ aside religion--7 nev] any?+ bett] ?an an ignorant1 fanatical1 & plund]+ horde4 ,accord+ to _! books1 h[ev]1 ! "y ,tam>1 be=e %e 0 violat$ by h] bro!r ,ammon1 address$ him 9 ^! words3 ,i pray !e1 my bro!r1 d n s fooli%ly1 b ask me 9 m>riage ( my fa!r3 he w n refuse !e4 ,a4 ,all ^! cases am\nt to m]e laws ( conv5tion1 arbitr>y usages1 transi5t modes4 ,:at is ess5tial rema9s ev] ! same4 ,po9t out to me any c\ntry :]e x w\ld be deem$ respectable or dec5t to plund] me ( ! fruits ( my labor1 to break a solemn promise1 to tell an injuri\s lie1 to sl&]1 murd]1 or poison1 to be ungrateful to a b5efactor1 or to beat a fa!r or "m pres5t+ food to y4 ,b4 ,h y =gott5 t ,jean ,jacques1 "o ( ! fa!rs ( ! mod]n ,*ur*1 has said t ! fir/ p]son :o d>$ to enclose & cultivate a piece ( gr\nd 0 an enemy ( ! human race2 t he ought to be ext]m9at$2 & t ! fruits ( ! e>? belong$ to all1 & ! l& to none8 ,h we n already exam9$ ?is proposition1 s beautiful 9 itself1 & s conducive to ! happ9ess ( society8 ,a4 ,:o is ?is ,jean ,jacques8 ,x is c]ta9ly n ,john ! ,bapti/1 nor ,john ! ,evangeli/1 nor ,james ! ,great]1 nor ,james ! ,less2 he mu/ inevitably be "s witl+ ( a ,hun1 to write su* abom9able imp]t95ce1 or "s ill-condition$1 malici\s bufo magro1 :o is nev] m happy ?an :5 sne]+ at :at all ! re/ ( ! _w deem mo/ valuable & sacr$4 ,=1 in/ead ( damag+ & spoil+ ! e/ate ( a wise & indu/ri\s neighbor1 he _h only to imitate him1 & induce e head ( a family to foll[ 8 example1 9 ord] to =m 9 a %ort "t a mo/ fl\ri%+ & happy village4 ,! au?or ( ! passage quot$ seems to me a ?or\ghly unsocial animal4 ,b4 ,y are ( op9ion1 !n1 t by insult+ & plund]+ ! good man1 = surr\nd+ 8 g>d5 & f>my>d ) a quick-set h$ge1 he has (f5d$ aga9/ natural law4 ,a4 ,yes1 mo/ c]ta9ly2 !re is1 ,i mu/ repeat1 a natural law2 & x consi/s 9 nei!r do+ ill to ano!r1 nor rejoic+ at x1 :5 f any cause :atsoev] x befalls him4 ,b4 ,i conceive t man nei!r loves ill nor does x ) any o!r view ?an to 8 own advantage4 ,b s _m m5 are urg$ on to obta9 advantage to !mselves by ! injury ( ano!r2 rev5ge is a passion ( su* viol5ce2 !re are examples ( x s t]rible & fatal2 & ambition1 m t]rible & fatal /ill1 has s dr5*$ ! _w ) blood2 t :5 ,i survey ! frightful picture1 ,i am tempt$ to confess1 t a man is a be+ truly diabolical4 ,i may c]ta9ly possess1 deeply root$ 9 my he>t1 ! notion ( :at is j & unju/2 b an ,attila1 :om ,/4 ,leon extols & pays 8 c\rt to2 a ,phocas1 :om ,/4 ,gregory flatt]s ) ! mo/ abject meanness2 ,alex&] ,,vi41 pollut$ by s _m ince/s1 murd]s1 & poison+s1 & ) :om ! feeble ,l\is ,,xii41 commonly call$ ! ,good1 ent]s into ! mo/ /rict & base alliance2 a ,cromwell1 ^: protection ,c>d9al ,maz>9 eag]ly solicits1 & to gratify :om he expels f ,france ! heirs ( ,*>les ,i41 c\s9s-g]man ( ,l\is ,,xiv4--^!1 & a ?\s& simil> examples1 easily to be f\nd 9 ! records ( hi/ory1 totally di/urb & d]ange my ideas1 & ,i no long] "k :at ,i am do+ or :]e ,i am4 ,a4 ,well2 b %\ld ! k t /orms are com+ prev5t our enjoy+ ! beautiful sun%9e & g5tle & fragrant gales ( ! pres5t day8 ,did ! e>?quake t de/roy$ half ! city ( ,lisbon prev5t y\r mak+ a v pleasant j\rney f ,madrid8 ,if ,attila 0 a b&it1 & ,c>d9al ,maz>9 a knave1 are !re n "s pr9ces & m9i/]s respectable & amiable m58 ,has x n be5 rem>k$1 t 9 ! w> ( #agja1 ! ,c\ncil ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 consi/$ ( "s ( ! mo/ virtu\s ( mank9d--! duke ( ,beauvilli]s1 ! ,m>quis de ,torcy1 ,m>%al ,vill>s1 & f9ally ,*amill>d1 :o 0 n inde$ consid]$ a v able b /ill an honorable man8 ,does n ! idea ( j & unju/ /ill exi/8 ,x is 9 fact on ?is t all laws are f\nd$4 ,! ,greeks call laws ! daught]s ( heav51 :i* means simply1 ! daught]s ( nature4 ,h y no laws 9 y\r c\ntry8 ,b4 ,yes2 "s good1 & o!rs bad4 ,a4 ,:]e c\ld y h tak5 ! idea ( !m1 b f ! notions ( natural law :i* e well-con/ruct$ m9d has )9 itself8 ,!y mu/ h be5 d]iv$ f ^! or no?+4 ,b4 ,y are "r2 !re is a natural law1 b x is /ill m natural to _m p to =get or neglect x4 ,a4 ,x is natural also to be "o-ey$1 humpback$1 lame1 de=m$1 & sickly2 b we pref] p]sons well made & heal?y4 ,b4 ,:y are !re s _m "o-ey$ & de=m$ m9ds8 ,a4 ,hu%6 ,consult1 h[ev]1 ! article on ,omnipot5ce4 ,,law 7,,salic74 ,he :o says t ! ,salic law 0 writt5 ) a p5 f ! w+ ( a two-head$ eagle1 by ,ph>amond's almon]1 on ! back ( ! pat5t conta9+ ,con/ant9e's donation1 0 n1 p]haps1 v mu* mi/ak54 ,x is1 say ! d\ghty lawy]s1 ! fundam5tal law ( ! ,fr5* ,empire4 ,! great ,j]ome ,bignon1 9 8 book on ,! ,excell5ce ( ,france1 says t ?is law is d]iv$ f natural law1 accord+ to ! great ,ari/otle1 because 9 families x 0 ! fa!r :o gov]n$1 & no d[] 0 giv5 to daught]s1 z we read 9 relation to ! fa!r1 "m1 & bro!rs ( ,rebecca4 ,he ass]ts t ! k+dom ( ,france is s excell5t t x has religi\sly pres]v$ ?is law1 recomm5d$ bo? by ,ari/otle & ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,& to prove ?is excell5ce ( ,france1 he obs]ves also1 t ! emp]or ,julian ?\ght ! w9e ( ,surne admirable4 ,b 9 ord] to demon/rate ! excell5ce ( ! ,salic law1 he ref]s to ,froiss>t1 accord+ to :om ! twelve pe]s ( ,france said t ! k+dom ( ,france is ( su* high nobility t x nev] ought to pass 9 succession to a female4 ,x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t ?is decision is n a little uncivil to ,spa91 ,engl&1 ,naples1 & ,hung>y1 & m ?an all ! re/ to ,russia1 :i* has se5 on its ?rone f\r empresses 9 succession4 ,! k+dom ( ,france is ( great nobility2 no d\bt x is2 b ^? ( ,spa91 ( ,mexico1 & ,p]u are also ( great nobility1 & !re is great nobility also 9 ,russia4 ,x has be5 alleg$ t ,sacr$ ,scripture says ! lilies nei!r toil nor sp92 & !nce x has be5 inf]r$ t wom5 ought n to reign 9 ,france4 ,?is c]ta9ly is ano!r in/ance ( p[]ful reason+2 b x has be5 =gott5 t ! leop>ds1 :i* are--x is h>d to say :y--! arms ( ,engl&1 sp9 no m ?an ! lilies :i* are--x is equally h>d to say :y--! arms ( ,france4 ,9 a ^w1 ! circum/ance t lilies h nev] be5 se5 to sp9 does n absolutely demon/rate ! exclusion ( females f ! ?rone to h be5 a fundam5tal law ( ! ,gauls4 ,( ,fundam5tal ,laws4 ,! fundam5tal law ( e c\ntry is1 t if p are desir\s ( hav+ bread1 !y mu/ s[ corn2 t if !y wi% = clo?+1 !y mu/ cultivate flax & hemp2 t e own] ( a field %\ld h ! uncontroll$ managem5t & dom9ion ov] x1 :e!r t own] be male or female2 t ! half-b>b>\s ,gaul %\ld kill z _m z ev] he c ( ! :olly b>b>\s ,franks1 :5 !y come f ! banks ( ! ,ma91 :i* !y h n ! skill & indu/ry to cultivate1 to c>ry (f 8 h>ve/s & flocks2 )\t do+ :i* ! ,gaul w\ld ei!r become a s]f ( ! ,frank1 or be assass9at$ by him4 ,x is ^u ?is f\ndation t an edifice is well support$4 ,"o man builds ^u a rock1 & 8 h\se /&s firm2 ano!r on ! s&s1 & x falls to ! gr\nd4 ,b a fundam5tal law1 aris+ f ! fluctuat+ incl9ations ( m51 & yet at ! same "t irrevocable1 is a contradiction 9 t]ms1 a m]e creature ( imag9ation1 a *im]a1 an absurdity2 ! p[] t makes ! laws c *ange !m4 ,! ,gold5 ,bull 0 call$ ! fundam5tal law ( ! empire4 ,x 0 orda9$ t !re %\ld nev] be m ?an sev5 ,teutonic electors1 = ! v satisfactory & decisive reason t a c]ta9 ,jewi% *&eli] _h _h no m ?an sev5 bran*es1 & t !re are no m ?an sev5 gifts ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,?is fundam5tal law _h ! epi!t et]nal appli$ to x by ! all-p[]ful au?ority & infallible k ( ,*>les ,,iv4 ,god1 h[ev]1 did n ?9k fit to all[ ( ?is assumption ( et]nal 9 ,*>les's p>*m5ts4 ,he p]mitt$ o!r ,g]man emp]ors1 out ( _! all-p[]ful au?ority & infallible k1 to add two bran*es to ! *&eli]1 & two pres5ts to ! sev5 gifts ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,accord+ly ! electors are n[ n9e 9 numb]4 ,x 0 a v fundam5tal law t ! disciples ( ! ,"l ,jesus %\ld possess no private prop]ty1 b h all ?+s 9 common4 ,!re 0 aft]w>ds a law t ! bi%ops ( ,rome %\ld be ri*1 & t ! p %\ld *oose !m4 ,! la/ fundam5tal law is1 t !y are sov]eigns1 & elect$ by a small numb] ( m5 clo!d 9 sc>let1 & con/itut+ a society absolutely unkn[n 9 ! "t ( ,jesus4 ,if ! emp]or1 k+ ( ! ,romans1 always augu/1 0 sov]eign ma/] ( ,rome 9 fact1 z he is accord+ to ! /yle ( 8 pat5ts & h]aldry1 ! pope w\ld be 8 gr& almon]1 until "s o!r law1 =ev] irrevocable1 0 ann\nc$1 to be de/roy$ 9 its turn by "s succe$+ "o4 ,i w suppose--:at may v possibly & naturally happ5--t an emp]or ( ,g]many may h no issue b an only daught]1 & t he may be a quiet1 wor?y man1 und]/&+ no?+ ab\t w>4 ,i w suppose t if ,ca!r9e ,,ii4 does n de/roy ! ,turki% ,empire1 :i* %e has sev]ely %ak5 9 ! v ye> 9 :i* ,i am n[ writ+ my rev]ie 7! ye> #agga71 ! ,turk w come & invade ?is good pr9ce1 not)/&+ 8' be+ *]i%$ & belov$ by all 8 n9e electors2 t 8 daught] puts h]self at ! head ( ! troops ) two "y electors deeply enamor$ ( h]2 t %e beats ! ,ottomans1 z ,deborah beat ,g5]al ,sis]a1 & 8 ?ree hundr$ ?\s& soldi]s1 & 8 ?ree ?\s& *>iots ( w>1 9 a little rocky pla9 at ! foot ( ,m\nt ,tabor2 t ?is w>like pr9cess drives ! ,mussulman ev5 beyond ,adrianople2 t h] fa!r dies ?r\gh joy at h] success1 or f any o!r cause2 t ! two lov]s ( ! pr9cess induce _! sev5 colleagues to cr[n h] empress1 & t all ! pr9ces ( ! empire1 & all ! cities give _! cons5t to x2 :at1 9 ?is case1 becomes ( ! fundam5tal & et]nal law :i* enacts t ! holy ,roman ,empire _c possibly pass f ! lance to ! di/aff1 t ! two-head$ eagle _c sp91 & t x is impossible to sit on ! imp]ial ?rone )\t bree*es8 ,! old & absurd law w\ld be d]id$1 & ! h]oic empress reign at once 9 safety & 9 glory4 ,h[ ,! ,salic ,law ,came ,to ,be ,e/abli%$4 ,we _c conte/ ! cu/om :i* has inde$ pass$ into law1 t decides aga9/ daught]s inh]it+ ! cr[n 9 ,france :ile !re rema9s any male ( ! royal blood4 ,?is "q has be5 long det]m9$1 & ! seal ( antiquity has be5 put to ! decision4 ,_h x be5 expressly br\ght f heav51 x c\ld n be m rev]$ by ! ,fr5* nation ?an x is4 ,x c]ta9ly does n exactly correspond ) ! gallant c\rtesy ( ! nation2 b ! fact is1 t x 0 9 /rict & rigor\s obs]vance be=e ! nation 0 ev] di/+ui%$ = its gallant c\rtesy4 ,! presid5t ,hnault repeats1 9 8 ,*ronicle1 :at _h be5 /at$ at r&om be=e him1 t ,clovis dige/$ ! ,salic law 9 #eaa1 ! v ye> 9 :i* he di$4 ,i am v well dispos$ to believe t he actually did dige/ ?is law1 & t he knew h[ to read & write1 j z ,i am to believe t he 0 only fifte5 ye>s old :5 he und]took ! conque/ ( ! ,gauls2 b ,i d s9c]ely wi% t any "o w\ld %[ me 9 ! libr>y ( ,/4-,g]ma9-des-,prs1 or ( ,/4 ,m>t91 ! orig9al docum5t ( ! ,salic law actually sign$ ,clovis1 or ,clodovic1 or ,hildovic2 f t we %\ld at lea/ le>n 8 real "n1 :i* nobody at pres5t kn[s4 ,we h two editions ( ?is ,salic law2 "o by a p]son by ! "n ( ,h]old1 ! o!r by ,francis ,pi?\2 & ^! are diff]5t1 :i* is by no means a favorable presumption4 ,:5 ! text ( a law is giv5 diff]5tly 9 two docum5ts1 x is n only evid5t t "o ( ! two is false1 b x is highly probable t !y are bo? s4 ,no cu/om or usage ( ! ,franks 0 writt5 9 our e>ly times1 & x w\ld be excessively /range t ! law ( ! ,salii %\ld h be5 s4 ,?is law1 moreov]1 is 9 ,lat91 & x does n seem at all probable t1 9 ! swamps betwe5 ,suabia & ,batavia1 ,clovis1 or 8 pr$ecessors1 %\ld speak ,lat94 ,x is suppos$ t ?is law has ref]5ce to ! k+s ( ,france2 & yet all ! le>n$ are agre$ t ! ,sicambri1 ! ,franks1 & ! ,salii1 _h no k+s1 nor inde$ any h]$it>y *iefs4 ,! title ( ! ,salic law beg9s ) ^! words3 ,9 ,*ri/i nom9e--,9 ! "n ( ,*ri/4 ,x 0 !re=e made out ( ! ,salic t]ritory1 z ,*ri/ 0 no m kn[n by ^! b>b>ians ?an by ! re/ ( ,g]many & all ! c\ntries ( ! ,nor?4 ,?is law is /at$ to h be5 drawn up by f\r di/+ui%$ lawy]s ( ! ,frank nation2 ^!1 9 ,h]old's edition1 are call$ ,vuisoga/1 ,aroga/1 ,salega/1 & ,vu9doga/4 ,9 ,pi?\'s edition1 ! names are some:at diff]5t4 ,x has be5 unluckily discov]$ t ^! names are ! old names1 some:at disguis$1 ( c]ta9 cantons ( ,g]many4 ,9 :atev] p]iod ?is law 0 fram$ 9 bad ,lat91 we f9d1 9 ! article relat+ to allodial or freehold l&s1 t no "p ( ,salic l& c be inh]it$ by wom54 ,x is cle> t ?is pret5d$ law 0 by no means foll[$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x appe>s f ! =mul ( ,m>culphus t a fa!r might leave 8 allodial l& to 8 daught]1 r5\nc+ a c]ta9 ,salic law :i* is impi\s & abom9able4 ,secondly1 if ?is law be appli$ to fiefs1 x is evid5t t ! ,engli% k+s1 :o 7 n ( ! ,norman race1 obta9$ all _! great fiefs 9 ,france only ?r\gh daught]s4 ,?irdly1 x is alleg$ to be necess>y t a fief %\ld be possess$ by a man1 because he 0 able z well z b\nd to fight = 8 "l2 ?is itself %[s t ! law c\ld n be und]/ood to affect ! rights to ! ?rone4 ,all feudal lords might fight j z well = a que5 z = a k+4 ,a que5 0 n oblig$ to foll[ ! practice s long 9 use1 to put on a cuirass1 & cov] h] limbs ) armor1 & set (f trott+ aga9/ ! enemy ^u a c>?orse4 ,x is c]ta91 !re=e1 t ! ,salic law c\ld h no ref]5ce to ! cr[n1 nei!r 9 connection ) allodial l&s1 nor feudal hold+ & s]vice4 ,mz]ay says1 ,! imbecility ( ! sex precludes _! reign+4 ,mz]ay speaks "h l a man nei!r ( s5se nor polit5ess4 ,hi/ory positively & repeat$ly falsifies 8 ass]tion4 ,que5 ,anne ( ,engl&1 :o humbl$ ,l\is ,,xiv42 ! empress-que5 ( ,hung>y1 :o resi/$ ,k+ ,l\is ,,xv41 ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 ! elector ( ,bav>ia1 & v>i\s o!r pr9ces2 ,elizabe? ( ,engl&1 :o 0 ! /r5g? & support ( our great ,h5ry2 ! empress ( ,russia1 ( :om we h spok5 already2 all ^! decid$ly %[ t ,mz]ay is n m correct ?an he is c\rte\s 9 8 obs]vation4 ,he c\ld sc>cely help kn[+ t ,que5 ,blan*e 0 9 fact ! reign+ mon>* "u ! "n ( h] son2 z ,anne ( ,brittany 0 "u t ( ,l\is ,,xii4 ,velly1 ! la/ writ] ( ! hi/ory ( ,france1 & :o on t v acc\nt ought to be ! be/1 z he possess$ all ! accumulat$ mat]ials ( 8 pr$ecessors1 did n1 h[ev]1 always "k h[ to turn 8 advantages to ! be/ acc\nt4 ,he inveighs ) bitt]ness aga9/ ! judici\s & pr(\nd ,rap9 de ,?oyras1 & attempts to prove to him t no pr9cess ev] succe$$ to ! cr[n :ile any males rema9$ :o 7 capable ( succe$+4 ,t we all "k p]fectly well1 & ,?oyras nev] said ! contr>y4 ,9 t long age ( b>b>ism1 :5 ! only conc]n ( ,europe 0 to commit usurpations & to su/a9 !m1 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t k+s1 be+ (t5 *iefs ( b&itti or w>riors arm$ aga9/ ^? b&itti1 x 0 n possible to be subject to ! gov]nm5t ( a woman4 ,:oev] 0 9 possession ( a great w>horse w\ld engage 9 ! "w ( rap9e & murd] only "u ! /&>d ( a man m\nt$ ^u a great horse l himself4 ,a buckl] ( oxhide s]v$ = a ?rone4 ,! caliphs gov]n$ by ! ,koran1 ! popes 7 deem$ to gov]n by ! ,gospel4 ,! ,s\? saw no woman reign be=e ,joan ( ,naples1 :o 0 indebt$ = h] cr[n entirely to ! affection ( ! p = ,k+ ,rob]t1 h] gr&fa!r1 & to _! hatr$ ( ,&rew1 h] husb&4 ,?is ,&rew 0 9 reality ( royal blood1 b _h be5 born 9 ,hung>y1 at t "t 9 a /ate ( b>b>ism4 ,he disgu/$ ! ,neapolitans by 8 gross mann]s1 intemp]ance1 & drunk5ness4 ,! amiable k+ ,rob]t 0 oblig$ to dep>t f immemorial usage1 & decl>e ,joan alone sov]eign by 8 w1 :i* 0 approv$ by ! nation4 ,9 ! ,nor? we see no que5 reign+ 9 h] own "r be=e ,m>g>et ( ,waldem>1 :o gov]n$ = "s mon?s 9 h] own "n ab\t ! ye> #acgg4 ,spa9 _h no que5 9 h] own "r be=e ! able ,isabella 9 #adfa4 ,9 ,engl& ! cruel & bigot$ ,m>y1 daught] ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 0 ! fir/ woman :o inh]it$ ! ?rone1 z ! weak & crim9al ,m>y ,/u>t 0 9 ,scotl& 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! imm5se t]ritory ( ,russia _h no female sov]eign be=e ! wid[ ( ,pet] ! ,great4 ,! :ole ( ,europe1 & inde$ ,i might say ! :ole _w1 0 gov]n$ by w>riors 9 ! "t :5 ,philip de ,valois support$ 8 "r aga9/ ,edw>d ,,iii4 ,?is "r ( a male :o succe$$ to a male1 seem$ ! law ( all nations4 ,y are gr&son ( ,philip ! ,fair1 said ,valois to 8 competitor1 b z my "r w\ld be sup]ior to t ( ! "m1 x mu/ be /ill m decid$ly sup]ior to t ( ! son4 ,y\r "m1 9 fact1 c\ld n communicate a "r :i* %e did n possess4 ,x 0 !re=e p]fectly recogniz$ 9 ,france t a pr9ce ( ! blood royal1 al?\gh 9 ! remote/ possible degree1 %\ld be heir to ! cr[n 9 exclusion ev5 ( ! daught] ( ! k+4 ,x is a law on :i* !re is n[ n ! slighte/ dispute :atev]4 ,o!r nations h1 s9ce ! full & univ]sal recognition ( ?is pr9ciple among ourselves1 adjudg$ ! ?rone to pr9cesses4 ,b ,france has /ill obs]v$ its anci5t usage4 ,"t has conf]r$ on ?is usage ! =ce ( ! mo/ sacr$ ( laws4 ,at :at "t ! ,salic law 0 fram$ or int]pret$ is n ( ! slighte/ consequ5ce2 x does exi/1 x is respectable1 x is useful2 & its utility has r5d]$ x sacr$4 ,exam9ation ,:e!r ,daught]s ,are ,9 ,all ,cases ,depriv$ ,( ,e ,species ,( ,inh]itance ,by ,?is ,salic ,law4 ,i h already be/[$ ! empire on a daught] 9 defiance ( ! ,gold5 ,bull4 ,i %all h no difficulty 9 conf]r+ on a daught] ! k+dom ( ,france4 ,i h a bett] "r to dispose ( ?is realm ?an ,pope ,julian ,,ii41 :o depriv$ ,l\is ,,xii4 ( x1 & transf]r$ x by 8 own s+le au?ority to ! emp]or ,maximilian4 ,i am bett] au?oriz$ to plead 9 behalf ( ! daught]s ( ! h\se ( ,france1 ?an ,pope ,gregory ,,xiii4 & ,cordeli] ,sextus-,qu9tus 7 to exclude f ! ?rone our pr9ces ( ! blood1 "u ! pret5ce actually urg$ by ^! excell5t prie/s1 t ,h5ry ,,iv4 & ! pr9ces ( ,cond 7 a ba/>d & dete/able race ( ,b\rbon--ref9$ & holy words1 :i* des]ve ev] to be rememb]$ 9 ord] to keep alive ! conviction ( all we owe to ! bi%ops ( ,rome4 ,i may give my vote 9 ! /ates-g5]al1 & no pope c]ta9ly c h any suffrage on x4 ,i !re=e give my vote )\t hesitation1 "s ?ree or f\r hundr$ ye>s f ! pres5t "t1 to a daught] ( ,france1 !n ! only desc5dant rema9+ 9 a direct l9e f ,hugh ,capet4 ,i con/itute h] que51 provid$ %e %all h be5 well educat$1 h a s\nd und]/&+1 & be no bigot4 ,i int]pret 9 h] favor t law :i* decl>es que fille ne doit mie succd]--t a daught] mu/ 9 no case come to h] succession4 ,i und]/& by ! words1 t %e mu/ 9 no case succe$ z long z !re %all be any male4 ,b on failure ( males1 ,i prove t ! k+dom belongs to h] by nature1 :i* orda9s x1 & = ! b5efit ( ! nation4 ,i invite all good ,fr5*m5 to %[ ! same respect z myself = ! blood ( s _m k+s4 ,i consid] ?is z ! only me?od ( prev5t+ factions :i* w\ld dismemb] ! /ate4 ,i propose t %e %all reign 9 h] own "r1 & t %e %all be m>ri$ to "s amiable & respectable pr9ce1 :o %all assume h] "n & arms1 & :o1 9 8 own "r1 %all possess "s t]ritory :i* %all be annex$ to ,france2 z we h se5 ,m>ia ,!resa ( ,hung>y unit$ 9 m>riage to ,francis1 duke ( ,lorra9e1 ! mo/ excell5t pr9ce 9 ! _w4 ,:at ,celt w refuse to ackn[l$ge h]1 unless we %\ld discov] "s o!r beautiful & accompli%$ pr9cess ( ! issue ( ,*>lemagne1 ^: family 0 expell$ by ,hugh ,capet1 not)/&+ ! ,salic law8 or unless inde$ we %\ld f9d a pr9cess fair] & m accompli%$ /ill1 an unque/ionable desc5dant f ,clovis1 ^: family 0 be=e expell$ by ,pep91 8 own dome/ic1 not)/&+1 be x aga9 rememb]$1 ! ,salic law4 ,i %all c]ta9ly f9d no involv$ & difficult intrigues necess>y to obta9 ! consecration ( my royal h]o9e at ,rheims1 or ,*>tres1 or 9 ! *apel ( ! ,l\vre--= ei!r w\ld effectually answ] ! purpose2 or ev5 to disp5se ) any consecration at all4 ,= mon>*s reign z well :5 n consecrat$ z :5 consecrat$4 ,! k+s & que5s ( ,spa9 obs]ve no su* c]emony4 ,among all ! families ( ! k+'s secret>ies1 no p]son w be f\nd to dispute ! ?rone ) ?is ,capetian pr9cess4 ,! mo/ illu/ri\s h\ses are s jeal\s ( ea* o!r t !y w\ld inf9itely pref] obey+ ! daught] ( k+s to be+ "u ! gov]nm5t ( "o ( _! equals4 ,recogniz$ by ! :ole ( ,france1 %e w receive ! homage ( all h] subjects ) a grace & maje/y :i* w induce !m to love z mu* z !y rev]e h]2 & all ! poets w compose v]ses 9 h] honor4 ,,law 7,,civil ,,& ,,ecclesia/ical74 ,! foll[+ notes 7 f\nd among ! pap]s ( a lawy]1 & are p]haps des]v+ "s consid]ation3 ,t no ecclesia/ical law %\ld be ( any =ce until x has receiv$ ! express sanction ( gov]nm5t4 ,x 0 ^u ?is pr9ciple t ,a!ns & ,rome 7 nev] involv$ 9 religi\s qu>rels4 ,^! qu>rels fall to ! lot ( ^? nations only t h nev] be5 civiliz$1 or t h aft]w>ds be5 aga9 r$uc$ to b>b>ism4 ,t ! magi/rate alone %\ld h au?ority to prohibit labor on fe/ivals1 because x does n become prie/s to =bid m5 to cultivate _! fields4 ,t ev]y?+ relat+ to m>riages dep5ds solely ^u ! magi/rate1 & t ! prie/s %\ld be conf9$ to ! augu/ function ( bless+ !m4 ,t l5d+ money at int]e/ is purely an object ( ! civil law1 z t alone presides ov] comm]ce4 ,t all ecclesia/ical p]sons %\ld be1 9 all cases :atev]1 "u ! p]fect control ( ! gov]nm5t1 because !y are subjects ( ! /ate4 ,t m5 %\ld nev] be s disgracefully ridicul\s z to pay to a =eign prie/ ! fir/ ye>'s rev5ue ( an e/ate1 conf]r$ by citiz5s ^u a prie/ :o is _! fell[-citiz54 ,t no prie/ %\ld possess au?ority to deprive a citiz5 ev5 ( ! smalle/ ( 8 privileges1 "u ! pret5ce t t citiz5 is a s9n]2 because ! prie/1 himself a s9n]1 ought to pray = s9n]s1 & n to judge !m4 ,t magi/rates1 cultivators1 & prie/s1 %\ld alike contribute to ! exp5ses ( ! /ate1 because all alike belong to ! /ate4 ,t !re %\ld be only "o sy/em ( weights & measures1 & usages4 ,t ! puni%m5t ( crim9als %\ld be r5d]$ useful4 ,a man t is hang$ is no long] useful2 b a man condemn$ to ! public works is /ill s]viceable to 8 c\ntry1 & a liv+ lecture aga9/ crime4 ,t ! :ole law %\ld be cle>1 uni=m1 & precise2 to int]pret x is almo/ always to corrupt x4 ,t no?+ %\ld be held infam\s b vice4 ,t taxes %\ld be impos$ always 9 j proportion4 ,t law %\ld nev] be 9 contradiction to usage2 =1 if ! usage is good1 ! law is wor? no?+4 ,,laws4 ,,section ,i4 ,x is difficult to po9t out a s+le nation liv+ "u a sy/em ( good laws4 ,?is is n attributable m]ely to ! circum/ance t laws are ! productions ( m51 = m5 h produc$ works ( great utility & excell5ce2 & ^? :o inv5t$ & br\ght to p]fection ! v>i\s arts ( life 7 capable ( devis+ a respectable code ( jurisprud5ce4 ,b laws h proce$$1 9 almo/ e /ate1 f ! int]e/ ( ! legislator1 f ! urg5cy ( ! mom5t1 f ignorance1 & f sup]/ition1 & h accord+ly be5 made at r&om1 & irregul>ly1 j 9 ! same mann] 9 :i* cities h be5 built4 ,take a view ( ,p>is1 & obs]ve ! contra/ betwe5 t qu>t] ( x :]e ! fi%-m>ket 7,halles7 is situat$1 ! ,/4 ,pi]re-aux-bufs1 ! /reets ,brisemi*e & ,pet-au-diable & ! beauty & spl5dor ( ! ,l\vre & ! ,tuil]ies4 ,?is is a correct image ( our laws4 ,x 0 only aft] ,london _h be5 r$uc$ to a%es t x became at all fit to be inhabit$4 ,! /reets1 aft] t cata/rophe1 7 wid5$ & /raight5$4 ,if y are desir\s ( hav+ good laws1 burn ^? :i* y h at pres5t1 & make fre% ones4 ,! ,romans 7 )\t fix$ laws = ! space ( ?ree hundr$ ye>s2 !y 7 oblig$ to g & reque/ "s f ! ,a!nians1 :o gave !m su* bad ones t !y 7 almo/ all ( !m soon abrogat$4 ,h[ c\ld ,a!ns itself be 9 possession ( a judici\s & complete sy/em8 ,t ( ,draco 0 necess>ily aboli%$1 & t ( ,solon soon expir$4 ,our cu/om>y or common law ( ,p>is is int]pret$ diff]5tly by f\r-&-tw5ty comm5t>ies1 :i* decid$ly proves1 ! same numb] ( times1 t x is ill conceiv$4 ,x is 9 contradiction to a hundr$ & =ty o!r usages1 all hav+ ! =ce ( law 9 ! same nation1 & all 9 contradiction to ea* o!r4 ,!re are !re=e1 9 a s+le dep>tm5t 9 ,europe1 betwe5 ! ,alps & ! ,pyr5ees1 m ?an =ty di/9ct small populations1 :o call !mselves fell[-c\ntrym51 b :o are 9 reality z mu* /rang]s to "o ano!r z ,tonqu9 is to ,co*9 ,*9a4 ,x is ! same 9 all prov9ces ( ,spa94 ,x is 9 ,g]many mu* worse4 ,no "o !re kn[s :at are ! rights ( ! *ief or ( ! memb]s4 ,! inhabitant ( ! banks ( ! ,elbe is connect$ ) ! cultivator ( ,suabia only 9 speak+ ne>ly ! same language1 :i*1 x mu/ be admitt$1 is r an unpoli%$ & co>se "o4 ,! ,engli% nation has m uni=mity2 b hav+ extricat$ itself f s]vitude & b>b>ism only by occasional ef=ts1 by fits & convulsive />ts1 & hav+ ev5 9 its /ate ( fre$om reta9$ _m laws =m]ly promulgat$1 ei!r by ! great tyrants :o cont5d$ 9 rival%ip = ! ?rone1 or ! petty tyrants :o seiz$ ^u ! p[] & honors ( ! prelacy1 x has =m$ altoge!r a body ( laws ( great vigor & efficacy1 b :i* /ill exhibit _m bruises & w\nds1 v clumsily pat*$ & pla/]$4 ,! intellect ( ,europe has made great] progress )9 ! la/ hundr$ ye>s ?an ! :ole _w _h done be=e s9ce ! days ( ,brahma1 ,fohi1 ,zoroa/]1 & ! ,?aut ( ,egypt4 ,:at !n is ! cause t legislation has made s little8 ,aft] ! fif? c5tury1 we 7 all savages4 ,su* are ! revolutions :i* take place on ! globe2 brig&s pillag+ & cultivators pillag$ made up ! masses ( mank9d f ! recesses ( ! ,baltic ,sea to ! ,/rait ( ,gibralt>2 & :5 ! ,arabs made _! appe>ance 9 ! ,s\?1 ! desolation ( ravage & confusion 0 univ]sal4 ,9 our dep>tm5t ( ,europe1 ! small numb]1 be+ compos$ ( d>+ & ignorant m51 us$ to conque/ & completely arm$ = battle1 & ! great] numb]1 compos$ ( ignorant1 un>m$ slaves1 sc>cely any "o ( ei!r class kn[+ h[ to read or write--n ev5 ,*>lemagne himself--x happ5$ v naturally t ! ,roman ,*ur*1 ) its p5 & c]emonies1 obta9$ ! guidance & gov]nm5t ( ^? :o pass$ _! life on horseback ) _! lances c\*$ & ! morion on _! heads4 ,! desc5dants ( ! ,sicambri1 ! ,burgundians1 ! ,o/rogo?s1 ,visigo?s1 ,lomb>ds1 ,h]uli1 etc41 felt ! necessity ( some?+ 9 ! %ape ( laws4 ,!y s\ght = !m :]e !y 7 to be f\nd4 ,! bi%ops ( ,rome knew h[ to make !m 9 ,lat94 ,! b>b>ians receiv$ !m ) great] respect 9 consequ5ce ( n und]/&+ !m4 ,! decretals ( ! popes1 "s g5u9e1 o!rs mo/ impud5tly =g$1 became ! code ( ! new gov]nors1 regas2 lords1 leus2 & b>ons1 :o _h appropriat$ ! l&s4 ,!y 7 ! wolves :o suff]$ !mselves to be *a9$ up by ! foxes4 ,!y reta9$ _! f]ocity1 b x 0 subjugat$ by cr$ulity & ! fe> :i* cr$ulity naturally produces4 ,gradually ,europe1 ) ! exception ( ,greece & :at /ill belong$ to ! ,ea/]n ,empire1 became subject$ to ! dom9ion ( ,rome1 & ! poet's v]se might be aga9 appli$ z correctly z be=e3 ,romanos r]um dom9os g5temque togatam4--neid1 i1 #bhf4 ,! subject _w %all ,rome's dom9ion own1 ,& pro/rate %all adore ! nation ( ! g[n4 --,,dryd54 ,almo/ all treaties be+ accompani$ by ! sign ( ! cross1 & by an oa? :i* 0 frequ5tly adm9i/]$ ov] "s relics1 ev]y?+ 0 ?us br\ght )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,*ur*4 ,rome1 z metropolitan1 0 supreme judge 9 causes1 f ! ,cimbrian ,*]sonesus to ,gascony2 & a ?\s& feudal lords1 unit+ _! own peculi> usages ) ! canon law1 produc$ 9 ! result t mon/r\s jurisprud5ce ( :i* !re at pres5t exi/ s _m rema9s4 ,:i* w\ld h be5 bett]--no laws at all1 or su* z ^!8 ,x 0 b5eficial to an empire ( m va/ ext5t ?an t ( ,rome to rema9 = a long "t 9 a /ate ( *aos2 =1 z e valuable in/itution 0 /ill to be =m$1 x 0 easi] to build a new edifice ?an to repair "o ^: ru9s 7 look$ ^u z sacr$4 ,! legislatrix ( ! ,nor?1 9 #agfg1 collect$ deputies f all ! prov9ces :i* conta9$ ab\t twelve hundr$ ?\s& squ>e leagues4 ,!re 7 ,pagans1 ,mahometans ( ! sect ( ,ali1 & o!rs ( ! sect ( ,om>1 & ab\t twelve diff]5t sects ( ,*ri/ians4 ,e law 0 di/9ctly propos$ to ?is new synod2 & if x appe>$ con=mable to ! int]e/ ( all ! prov9ces1 x !n receiv$ ! sanction ( ! empress & ! nation4 ,! fir/ law t 0 br\ght =w>d & c>ri$1 0 a law ( tol]ation1 t ! ,greek prie/ might nev] =get t ! ,lat9 prie/ 0 8 fell[-man2 t ! ,mussulman might be> ) 8 ,pagan bro!r2 & t ! ,roman ,ca?olic might n be tempt$ to sacrifice 8 bro!r ,presbyt]ian4 ,! empress wrote ) h] own h&1 9 ?is gr& c\ncil ( legislation1 ,among s _m diff]5t cre$s1 ! mo/ injuri\s error w\ld be intol]ance4 ,x is n[ unanim\sly agre$ t !re is 9 a /ate only "o au?ority2 t ! prop] expressions to be us$ are1 civil p[]1 & ecclesia/ical discipl9e2 & t ! allegory ( ! two swords is a dogma ( discord4 ,%e began ) emancipat+ ! s]fs ( h] own p>ticul> doma94 ,%e emancipat$ all ^? ( ! ecclesia/ical doma9s4 ,%e might ?us be said to h creat$ m5 out ( slaves4 ,! prelates & monks 7 paid out ( ! public treasury4 ,puni%m5ts 7 proportion$ to crimes1 & ! puni%m5ts 7 ( a useful "*2 (f5d]s 7 = ! great] "p condemn$ to labor on public works1 z ! dead man c be ( no s]vice to ! liv+4 ,! torture 0 aboli%$1 because x puni%es a man be=e he is kn[n to be guilty2 because ! ,romans nev] put any to ! torture b _! slaves2 & because torture t5ds to sav+ ! guilty & de/roy+ ! innoc5t4 ,?is important bus9ess _h proce$$ ?us f>1 :5 ,mu/apha ,,iii41 ! son ( ,mahm\d1 oblig$ ! empress to susp5d h] code & proce$ to fight+4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,i h attempt$ to discov] "s ray ( light 9 ! my?ological times ( ,*9a :i* prec$e ,fohi1 b ,i h attempt$ 9 va94 ,at ! p]iod1 h[ev]1 9 :i* ,fohi fl\ri%$1 :i* 0 ab\t ?ree ?\s& ye>s be=e ! new & common era ( our nor?we/]n "p ( ! _w1 ,i p]ceive wise & mild laws already e/abli%$ by a b5efic5t sov]eign4 ,! anci5t books ( ! ,five ,k+s1 consecrat$ by ! respect ( s _m ages1 treat ( ! in/itution ( agriculture1 ( pa/oral economy1 ( dome/ic economy1 ( t simple a/ronomy :i* regulates ! diff]5t seasons1 & ( ! music :i*1 by diff]5t modulations1 summon$ m5 to _! respective occupations4 ,fohi fl\ri%$1 beyond dispute1 m ?an five ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,we may !re=e =m "s judgm5t ( ! great antiquity ( an imm5se population1 ?us in/ruct$ by an emp]or on e topic t c\ld contribute to _! happ9ess4 ,9 ! laws ( t mon>* ,i see no?+ b :at is mild1 useful & amiable4 ,i 0 aft]w>ds induc$ to inspect ! code ( a small nation1 or horde1 :i* arriv$ ab\t two ?\s& ye>s aft] ! p]iod ( :i* we h be5 speak+1 f a frightful des]t on ! banks ( ! riv] ,jordan1 9 a c\ntry enclos$ & bri/l$ ) peak$ m\nta9s4 ,^! laws h be5 transmitt$ to ourselves1 & are daily held up to u z ! model ( wisdom4 ,! foll[+ are a few ( !m3 ,n to eat ! pelican1 nor ! ossifrage1 nor ! griff91 nor ! ixion1 nor ! eel1 nor ! h>e1 because ! h>e rum9ates1 & has n its foot clov54 ,aga9/ m5 sleep+ ) _! wives dur+ c]ta9 p]iodical affections1 "u pa9 ( dea? to bo? ( ! (f5d+ p>ties4 ,to ext]m9ate )\t pity all ! un=tunate inhabitants ( ! l& ( ,canaan1 :o 7 n ev5 acqua9t$ ) !m2 to slaught] ! :ole2 to massacre all1 m5 & wom51 old m51 *ildr51 & animals1 = ! great] glory ( ,god4 ,to sacrifice to ! ,"l :atev] any man %all h devot$ z an ana!ma to ! ,"l1 & to slay x )\t p[] ( ransom4 ,to burn wid[s :o1 n be+ able to be m>ri$ aga9 to _! bro!rs-9-law1 _h o!rwise consol$ !mselves on ! highway or else:]e1 etc4 ,a ,jesuit1 :o 0 =m]ly a mission>y among ! cannibals1 at ! "t :5 ,canada /ill belong$ to ! k+ ( ,france1 relat$ to me t once1 z he 0 expla9+ ^! ,jewi% laws to 8 neophytes1 a little impud5t ,fr5*man1 :o 0 pres5t at ! cate*is+1 cri$ out1 ,!y are ! laws ( cannibals4 ,"o ( ! ,indians repli$ to him1 ,y are to "k1 ,mr4 ,flippant1 t we are p ( "s dec5cy & k9dness4 ,we nev] _h among u any su* laws2 & if we _h n "s k9dness & dec5cy1 we %\ld treat y z an inhabitant ( ,canaan1 9 ord] to tea* y civil language4 ,x appe>s ^u a comp>ison ( ! code ( ! ,*9ese ) t ( ! ,hebrews1 t laws naturally foll[ ! mann]s ( ! p :o make !m4 ,if vultures & doves _h laws1 !y w\ld und\bt$ly be ( a v diff]5t "*4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,%eep live 9 society v mildly & agreeably2 _! "* passes = be+ a v g5tle "o1 because we d n see ! prodigi\s quantity ( animals dev\r$ by !m4 ,we may1 h[ev]1 conceive t !y eat !m v innoc5tly & )\t kn[+ x1 j z we d :5 we eat ,sass5age *eese4 ,! republic ( %eep is a fai?ful image ( ! age ( gold4 ,a h5-roo/ exhibits ! mo/ p]fect repres5tation ( mon>*y4 ,!re is no k+ comp>able to a cock4 ,if he m>*es haughtily & fi]cely 9 ! mid/ ( 8 p1 x is n out ( vanity4 ,if ! enemy is advanc+1 he does n cont5t himself ) issu+ an ord] to 8 subjects to g & be kill$ = him1 9 virtue ( 8 unfail+ k & resi/less p[]2 he goes 9 p]son himself1 ranges 8 "y troops beh9d him1 & fights to ! la/ gasp4 ,if he conqu]s1 x is himself :o s+s ! ,te ,deum4 ,9 8 civil or dome/ic life1 !re is no?+ s gallant1 s respectable1 & s dis9t]e/$4 ,:e!r he has 9 8 royal beak a gra9 ( corn or a grub-worm1 he be/[s x on ! fir/ ( 8 female subjects t comes )9 8 pres5ce4 ,9 %ort1 ,solomon 9 8 h>em 0 n to be comp>$ to a cock 9 a f>m-y>d4 ,if x be true t bees are gov]n$ by a que5 to :om all h] subjects make love1 t is a m p]fect gov]nm5t /ill4 ,ants are consid]$ z con/itut+ an excell5t democracy4 ,?is is sup]ior to e o!r /ate1 z all are1 9 consequ5ce ( su* a con/itution1 on t]ms ( equality1 & e individual is employ$ = ! happ9ess ( all4 ,! republic ( beav]s is sup]ior ev5 to t ( ants2 at lea/1 if we may judge by _! p]=mances 9 masonry4 ,monkeys are m l m]ry-&rews ?an a regul>ly gov]n$ p2 !y d n appe> associat$ "u fix$ & fundam5tal laws1 l ! species previ\sly notic$4 ,we resemble monkeys m ?an any o!r animals 9 ! tal5t ( imitation1 9 ! levity ( our ideas1 & 9 t incon/ancy :i* has always prev5t$ our hav+ uni=m & durable laws4 ,:5 nature =m$ our species1 & imp>t$ to u a c]ta9 portion ( in/9ct1 self-love = our own pres]vation1 b5evol5ce = ! safety & com=t ( o!rs1 love :i* is common to e class ( animal be+1 & ! inexplicable gift ( comb9+ m ideas ?an all ! inf]ior animals toge!r--aft] be/[+ on u ?is outfit %e said to u3 ,g1 & d ! be/ y c4 ,!re is n a good code ( laws 9 any s+le c\ntry4 ,! reason is obvi\s3 laws h be5 made = p>ticul> purposes1 accord+ to "t1 place1 exig5cies1 & n ) g5]al & sy/ematic views4 ,:5 ! exig5cies ^u :i* laws 7 f\nd$ are *ang$ or remov$1 ! laws !mselves become ridicul\s4 ,?us ! law :i* =bade eat+ pork & dr9k+ w9e 0 p]fectly reasonable 9 ,arabia1 :]e pork & w9e are injuri\s2 b at ,con/ant9ople x is absurd4 ,! law :i* conf]s ! :ole fief or l&$ prop]ty on ! elde/ son1 is a v good "o 9 a "t ( g5]al an>*y & pillage4 ,! elde/ is !n ! comm&] ( ! ca/le1 :i* soon] or lat] w be attack$ by brig&s2 ! y\ng] bro!rs w be 8 *ief (fic]s1 & ! labor]s 8 soldi]s4 ,all t is to be appreh5d$ is t ! y\ng] bro!r may assass9ate or poison ! eld]1 8 liege "l1 9 ord] to become himself ! ma/] ( ! premises2 b su* in/ances are uncommon1 because nature has s comb9$ our in/9cts & passions1 t we feel a /rong] horror aga9/ assass9at+ our eld] bro!r1 ?an we feel a desire to succe$ to 8 au?ority & e/ate4 ,b ?is law1 :i* 0 suitable en\gh to ! own]s ( ! gloomy1 seclud$1 & turret$ mansions1 9 ! days ( ,*ilp]ic1 is dete/able :5 ! case relates :olly to ! division ( family prop]ty 9 a civiliz$ & well-gov]n$ city4 ,to ! disgrace ( mank9d1 ! laws ( play or gam+ are1 x is well kn[n1 ! only ones t are ?r\gh\t j1 cle>1 inviolable1 & c>ri$ into imp>tial & p]fect execution4 ,:y is ! ,indian :o laid d[n ! laws ( a game ( *ess will+ly & promptly obey$ all ov] ! _w1 :ile ! decretals ( ! popes1 = example1 are at pres5t an object ( horror & contempt8 ,! reason is1 t ! inv5tor ( *ess comb9$ ev]y?+ ) caution & exactness = ! satisfaction ( ! play]s1 & t ! popes 9 _! decretals look$ solely to _! own advantage4 ,! ,indian 0 desir\s at once ( ex]cis+ ! m9ds ( m5 & furni%+ !m ) amusem5t2 ! popes 7 desir\s ( debas+ & brutify+ !m4 ,accord+ly1 ! game ( *ess has rema9$ sub/antially ! same = upw>ds ( five ?\s& ye>s1 & is common to all ! inhabitants ( ! e>?2 :ile ! decretals are kn[n only at ,spoleto1 ,orvieto1 & ,loretto1 & are !re secretly despis$ ev5 by ! mo/ %all[ & contemptible ( ! practition]s4 ,,section ,,iv4 ,dur+ ! reigns ( ,vespasian & ,titus1 :5 ! ,romans 7 disemb[ell+ ! ,jews1 a ri* ,israelite fl$ ) all ! gold he _h accumulat$ by 8 occupation z a usur]1 & convey$ to ,ezion-,geb] ! :ole ( 8 family1 :i* consi/$ ( 8 wife1 !n f> advanc$ 9 ye>s1 a son1 & a daught]2 he _h 9 8 tra9 two eunu*s1 "o ( :om act$ z a cook1 & ! o!r z a labor] & v9e-dress]2 & a pi\s ,ess5ian1 :o knew ! ,p5tateu* completely by he>t1 act$ z 8 almon]4 ,all ^! emb>k$ at ! port ( ,ezion-,geb]1 trav]s$ ! sea commonly call$ ,r$1 al?\gh x is f> f be+ s1 & ent]$ ! ,p]sian ,gulf to g 9 se>* ( ! l& ( ,ophir1 )\t kn[+ :]e x 04 ,a dreadful tempe/ soon aft] ?is came on1 :i* drove ! ,hebrew family t[>ds ! coa/ ( ,india2 & ! vessel 0 wreck$ on "o ( ! ,maldive isl&s n[ call$ ,padrabranca1 b :i* 0 at t "t un9habit$4 ,! old usur] & 8 wife 7 dr[n$2 ! son & daught]1 ! two eunu*s1 & ! almon] 7 sav$4 ,!y took z mu* ( ! provisions out ( ! wreck z !y 7 able2 erect$ = !mselves little cab9s on ! isl&1 & liv$ !re ) consid]able conv5i5ce & com=t4 ,y are aw>e t ! isl& ( ,padrabranca is )9 five degrees ( ! l9e1 & t x furni%es ! l>ge/ cocoanuts & ! be/ p9eapples 9 ! _w2 x 0 pleasant to h su* a lovely asylum at a "t :5 ! favorite p ( ,god 7 else:]e expos$ to p]secution & massacre2 b ! ,ess5ian c\ld n refra9 f te>s :5 he reflect$1 t p]haps ^? on t happy isl& 7 ! only ,jews rema9+ on ! e>?1 & t ! se$ ( ,abraham 0 to be annihilat$4 ,its re/oration dep5ds entirely ^u y1 said ! "y ,jew2 m>ry my si/]4 ,i w\ld will+ly1 said ! almon]1 b x is aga9/ ! law4 ,i am an ,ess5ian2 ,i h made a v[ nev] to m>ry2 ! law enjo9s ! /ricte/ obs]vance ( a v[2 ! ,jewi% race may come to an end1 if x mu/ be s2 b ,i w c]ta9ly n m>ry y\r si/] 9 ord] to prev5t x1 beautiful & amiable z ,i admit %e is4 ,my two eunu*s1 resum$ ! ,jew1 c be ( no s]vice 9 ?is affair2 ,i w !re=e m>ry h] myself1 if y h no objection2 & y %all be/[ ! usual m>riage b5$iction4 ,i _h a hundr$ times r be disemb[ell$ by ! ,roman soldi]s1 said ! almon]1 ?an to be in/rum5tal to y\r committ+ ince/2 7 %e y\r si/] by ! fa!r's side only1 ! law w\ld all[ ( y\r m>riage2 b z %e is y\r si/] by ! same "m1 su* a m>riage w\ld be abom9able4 ,i c readily admit1 return$ ! "y man1 t x w\ld be a crime at ,j]usalem1 :]e ,i might see _m o!r "y wom51 "o ( :om ,i might m>ry2 b 9 ! isle ( ,padrabranca1 :]e ,i see no?+ b cocoanuts1 p9eapples1 & oy/]s1 ,i consid] ! case to be v all[able4 ,! ,jew accord+ly m>ri$ 8 si/]1 & _h a daught] by h]1 not)/&+ all ! prote/ations ( ! ,ess5ian2 & ?is 0 ! only (fspr+ ( a m>riage :i* "o ( !m ?\ght v legitimate1 & ! o!r absolutely abom9able4 ,aft] ! expiration ( f\rte5 ye>s1 ! "m di$2 & ! fa!r said to ! almon]1 ,h y at l5g? got rid ( y\r old prejudices8 ,w y m>ry my daught]8 ,god pres]ve me f x1 said ! ,ess5ian4 ,!n1 said ! fa!r1 ,i w m>ry h] myself1 come :at w ( x2 = ,i _c be> t ! se$ ( ,abraham %\ld be totally annihilat$4 ,! ,ess5ian1 /ruck ) inexpressible horror1 w\ld dwell no long] ) a man :o ?us violat$ & defil$ ! law1 & fl$4 ,! new-m>ri$ man l\dly call$ aft] him1 say+1 ,/ay "h1 my fri5d4 ,i am obs]v+ ! law ( nature1 & do+ good to my c\ntry2 d n ab&on y\r fri5ds4 ,! o!r suff]$ him to call1 & cont9ue to call1 9 va92 8 head 0 full ( ! law2 & he /opp$ n till he _h rea*$1 by swimm+1 ano!r isl&4 ,?is 0 ! l>ge isl& ( ,attola1 highly popul\s & civiliz$2 z soon z he l&$ he 0 made a slave4 ,he compla9$ bitt]ly ( ! inhospitable mann] 9 :i* he _h be5 receiv$2 he 0 told t su* 0 ! law1 & t1 ev] s9ce ! isl& _h be5 v ne>ly surpris$ & tak5 by ! inhabitants ( t ( ,ada1 x _h be5 wisely enact$ t all /rang]s l&+ at ,attola %\ld be made slaves4 ,x is impossible t c ev] be a law1 said ! ,ess5ian1 = x is n 9 ! ,p5tateu*4 ,he 0 told 9 reply1 t x 0 to be f\nd 9 ! dige/ ( ! c\ntry2 & he rema9$ a slave3 =tunately he _h a k9d & weal?y ma/]1 :o treat$ him v well1 & to :om he became /rongly atta*$4 ,"s murd]]s once came to ! h\se 9 :i* he liv$1 to kill 8 ma/] & c>ry (f 8 treasure4 ,!y inquir$ ( ! slaves if he 0 at home1 & _h mu* money !re4 ,we assure y1 on our oa?s1 said ! slaves1 t he is n at home4 ,b ! ,ess5ian said3 ,! law does n all[ ly+2 ,i swe> to y t he is at home1 & t he has a great deal ( money4 ,! ma/] 01 9 consequ5ce1 robb$ & murd]$2 ! slaves accus$ ! ,ess5ian1 be=e ! judges1 ( hav+ betray$ 8 ma/]4 ,! ,ess5ian said1 t he w\ld tell no lies1 & t no?+ 9 ! _w %\ld induce him to tell "o2 & he 0 hang$4 ,?is hi/ory 0 relat$ to me1 ) _m simil> ones1 on ! la/ voyage ,i made f ,india to ,france4 ,:5 ,i arriv$1 ,i w5t to ,v]sailles on bus9ess1 & saw 9 ! /reet a beautiful woman1 foll[$ by _m o!rs :o 7 also beautiful4 ,:o is t beautiful woman8 said ,i to ! b>ri/] :o _h accompani$ me2 = ,i _h a cause !n dep5d+ be=e ! ,p>liam5t ( ,p>is ab\t "s dresses t ,i _h _h made 9 ,india1 & ,i 0 desir\s ( hav+ my c\nsel z mu* ) me z possible4 ,%e is ! daught] ( ! k+1 said he1 %e is amiable & b5efic5t2 x is a great pity t1 9 no case or circum/ance :atev]1 su* a woman z t c become que5 ( ,france4 ,:at6 ,i repli$1 if we _h ! mis=tune to lose all h] relations & ! pr9ces ( ! blood--:i* ,god =bid--w\ld n %e1 9 t case1 succe$ to ! ?rone ( h] fa!r8 ,no1 said ! c\nsellor2 ! ,salic law expressly =bids x4 ,& :o made ?is ,salic law8 said ,i to ! c\nsellor4 ,i d n at all "k1 said he2 b x is pret5d$1 t among an anci5t p call$ ! ,salii1 :o 7 unable ei!r to read or write1 !re exi/$ a writt5 law1 :i* enact$1 t 9 ! ,salic t]ritory a daught] %\ld n inh]it any freehold4 ,& ,i1 said ,i to him1 ,i aboli% t law2 y assure me t ?is pr9cess is amiable & b5efic5t2 %e w\ld1 !re=e1 %\ld ! calamity occur ( h] be+ ! la/ exi/+ p]sonage ( royal blood1 h an inconte/able "r to ! cr[n3 my "m inh]it$ f h] fa!r2 & 9 ! case suppos$1 ,i am resolv$ t ?is pr9cess %all inh]it f h]s4 ,on ! ensu+ day1 my suit 0 decid$ 9 "o ( ! *amb]s ( p>liam5t1 & ,i lo/ ev]y?+ by a s+le vote2 my c\nsellor told me1 t 9 ano!r *amb] ,i %\ld h ga9$ ev]y?+ by a s+le vote4 ,t is a v curi\s circum/ance1 said ,i3 at t rate ea* *amb] proce$s by a diff]5t law4 ,t is j ! case1 said he3 !re are tw5ty-five comm5t>ies on ! common law ( ,p>is3 t is to say1 x is prov$ five & tw5ty times ov]1 t ! common law ( ,p>is is equivocal2 & if !re _h be5 five & tw5ty *amb]s ( judges1 !re w\ld be j z _m diff]5t sy/ems ( jurisprud5ce4 ,we h a prov9ce1 cont9u$ he1 fifte5 leagues di/ant f ,p>is1 call$ ,norm&y1 :]e ! judgm5t 9 y\r cause w\ld h be5 v diff]5t f :at x 0 "h4 ,?is /atem5t excit$ 9 me a /rong desire to see ,norm&y2 & ,i accord+ly w5t ?i!r ) "o ( my bro!rs4 ,at ! fir/ inn1 we met ) a "y man :o 0 almo/ 9 a /ate ( despair4 ,i inquir$ ( him :at 0 8 mis=tune2 he told me x 0 hav+ an eld] bro!r4 ,:]e1 said ,i1 c be ! great calamity ( hav+ an eld] bro!r8 ,! bro!r ,i h is my eld]1 & yet we live v happily toge!r4 ,alas6 sir1 said he to me1 ! law ( ?is place gives ev]y?+ to ! eld] bro!r1 & ( c\rse leaves no?+ = ! y\ng] ones4 ,t1 said ,i1 is en\gh1 inde$1 to di/urb & di/ress y2 among u ev]y?+ is divid$ equally2 & yet1 sometimes1 bro!rs h no great affection = "o ano!r4 ,^! little adv5tures occasion$ me to make "s obs]vations1 :i* ( c\rse 7 v +5i\s & pr(\nd1 ^u ! subject ( laws2 & ,i easily p]ceiv$ t x 0 ) !m z x is ) our g>m5ts3 ,i mu/ we> a doliman at ,con/ant9ople1 & a coat at ,p>is4 ,if all human laws1 said ,i1 are matt]s ( conv5tion1 no?+ is necess>y b to make a good b>ga94 ,! citiz5s ( ,delhi & ,agra say t !y h made a v bad "o ) ,tam]lane3 ^? ( ,london congratulate !mselves on hav+ made a v good "o ) ,k+ ,william ( ,orange4 ,a citiz5 ( ,london once said to me3 ,laws are made by necessity1 & obs]v$ ?r\gh =ce4 ,i ask$ him if =ce did n also occasionally make laws1 & if ,william1 ! ba/>d & conqu]or1 _h n *os5 simply to issue 8 ord]s )\t condesc5d+ to make any conv5tion or b>ga9 ) ! ,engli% at all4 ,true1 said he1 x 0 s3 we 7 ox5 at t "t2 ,william br\ght u "u ! yoke1 & drove u ) a goad2 s9ce t p]iod we h be5 metamorphos$ into m52 ! horns1 h[ev]1 rema9 ) u /ill1 & we use !m z weapons aga9/ e man :o attempts mak+ u "w = him & n = ourselves4 ,) my m9d full ( all ^! reflections1 ,i c\ld n help feel+ a s5sible gratification 9 ?9k+1 t !re exi/s a natural law entirely indep5d5t ( all human conv5tions3 ,! fruit ( my labor ought to be my own3 ,i am b\nd to honor my fa!r & "m3 ,i h no "r ov] ! life ( my neighbor1 nor has my neighbor ov] m9e1 etc4 ,b :5 ,i consid]$1 t f ,*$orlaom] to ,m5tzel1 colonel ( huss>s1 e "o kills & plund]s 8 neighbor accord+ to law1 & ) 8 pat5t 9 8 pocket1 ,i 0 greatly di/ress$4 ,i 0 told t laws exi/$ ev5 among robb]s1 & t !re 7 laws also 9 w>4 ,i ask$ :at 7 ! laws ( w>4 ,!y are1 said "s "o1 to hang up a brave (fic] = ma9ta9+ a weak po/ )\t cannon2 to hang a prison]1 if ! enemy h hang$ any ( y\rs2 to ravage ) fire & sword ^? villages :i* %all n h deliv]$ up _! means ( subsi/5ce by an appo9t$ day1 agreeably to ! comm&s ( ! graci\s sov]eign ( ! vic9age4 ,good1 said ,i1 t is ! true _s ( laws4 ,aft] acquir+ a good deal ( in=mation1 ,i f\nd t !re exi/$ "s wise laws1 by :i* a %eph]d is condemn$ to n9e ye>s' imprisonm5t & labor 9 ! galleys1 = hav+ giv5 8 %eep a little =eign salt4 ,my neighbor 0 ru9$ by a suit on acc\nt ( two oaks belong+ to him1 :i* he _h cut d[n 9 8 wood1 because he _h omitt$ a m]e =m ( te*nicality ) :i* x 0 almo/ impossible t he %\ld h be5 acqua9t$2 8 wife di$1 9 consequ5ce1 9 mis]y2 & 8 son is langui%+ out a pa9ful exi/5ce4 ,i admit t ^! laws are j1 al?\gh _! execution is a little sev]e2 b ,i mu/ ackn[l$ge ,i am no fri5d to laws :i* au?orize a hundr$ ?\s& neighbors loyally to set ab\t cutt+ "o ano!r's ?roats4 ,x appe>s to me t ! great] "p ( mank9d h receiv$ f nature a suffici5t portion ( :at is call$ common s5se = mak+ laws1 b t ! :ole _w has n ju/ice en\gh to make good laws4 ,simple & tranquil cultivators1 collect$ f e "p ( ! _w1 w\ld easily agree t e "o %\ld be free to sell ! sup]fluity ( 8 own corn to 8 neighbor1 & t e law contr>y to x is bo? inhuman & absurd2 t ! value ( money1 be+ ! repres5tative ( commodities1 ought no m to be tamp]$ ) ?an ! produce ( ! e>?2 t ! fa!r ( a family %\ld be ma/] 9 8 own h\se2 t religion %\ld collect m5 toge!r1 to unite !m 9 k9dness & fri5d%ip1 & n to make !m fanatics & p]secutors2 & t ^? :o labor ought n to be depriv$ ( ! fruits ( _! labor1 to end[ sup]/ition & idl5ess4 ,9 ! c\rse ( an h\r1 ?irty laws ( ?is description1 all ( a nature b5eficial to mank9d1 w\ld be unanim\sly agre$ to4 ,b let ,tam]lane arrive & subjugate ,india1 & y w !n see no?+ b arbitr>y laws4 ,"o w oppress & gr9d d[n a :ole prov9ce1 m]ely to enri* "o ( ,tam]lane's collectors ( rev5ue2 ano!r w screw up to ! crime ( high treason1 speak+ contemptu\sly ( ! mi/ress ( a rajah's *ief valet2 a ?ird w extort f ! f>m] a moiety ( 8 h>ve/1 & dispute ) him ! "r to ! rema9d]2 9 %ort1 !re w be laws by :i* a ,t>t> s]geant w be au?oriz$ to seize y\r *ildr5 9 ! cradle--to make "o1 :o is robu/1 a soldi]--to conv]t ano!r1 :o is weak1 into a eunu*--& ?us to leave ! fa!r & "m )\t assi/ance & )\t consolation4 ,b :i* w\ld be pref]able1 be+ ,tam]lane's dog or 8 subject8 ,x is evid5t t ! condition ( 8 dog w\ld be by f> ! bett] "o4 ,,laws 7,,_s ,,(74 ,x w\ld be admirable1 if f all ! books ^u laws by ,bod91 ,hobbes1 ,grotius1 ,puff5dorf1 ,montesquieu1 ,b>beyrac1 & ,burlamaqui1 "s g5]al law 0 adopt$ by ! :ole ( ! tribunals ( ,europe ^u succession1 contracts1 rev5ue (f5ces1 etc4 ,b nei!r ! citations ( ,grotius1 nor ^? ( ,puff5dorf1 nor ^? ( ! ,_s ( ,laws1 h ev] l$ to a s5t5ce 9 ! ,*telet ( ,p>is or ! ,old ,bailey ( ,london4 ,we we>y ourselves ) ,grotius1 pass "s agreeable mom5ts ) ,montesquieu2 b if process be deem$ advisable1 we run to our attorney4 ,x has be5 said t ! lett] kills1 b t 9 ! _s !re is life4 ,x is decid$ly ! contr>y 9 ! book ( ,montesquieu2 ! _s is diffusive1 & ! lett] tea*es no?+4 ,false ,citations ,9 ,! ,_s ,( ,laws1 ,& ,false ,consequ5ces ,drawn ,f ,!m ,by ,! ,au?or4 ,x is obs]v$1 t ! ,engli%1 to favor lib]ty1 h ab/ract$ all ! int]m$iate p[]s :i* =m$ "p ( _! con/itution4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y h pres]v$ ! ,upp] ,h\se1 & ! great] "p ( ! jurisdictions :i* /& betwe5 ! cr[n & ! p4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( a vizi] 9 a despotic /ate is a fundam5tal law4 ,illu/ration3 ,montesquieu4 ,a judici\s critic has rem>k$ t ?is is z mu* z to say t ! (fice ( ! mayors ( ! palace 0 a fundam5tal (fice4 ,con/ant9e 0 highly despotic1 yet _h no gr& vizi]4 ,l\is ,,xiv4 0 less despotic1 & _h no fir/ m9i/]4 ,! popes are suffici5tly despotic1 & yet seldom possess !m4 ,! sale ( employm5ts is good 9 mon>*ical /ates1 because x makes x ! pr(ession ( p]sons ( family to und]take employm5ts1 :i* !y w\ld n fulfil f dis9t]e/$ motives alone4 ,is x ,montesquieu :o writes ^! odi\s l9es8 ,:at6 because ! vices ( ,francis ,i4 d]ang$ ! public f9ances1 mu/ we sell to ignorant "y m5 ! "r ( decid+ ^u ! honor1 =tune1 & lives ( ! p8 ,:at6 is x good 9 a mon>*y1 t ! (fice ( magi/rate %\ld become a family provision8 ,if ?is infamy 0 salut>y1 "s o!r c\ntry w\ld h adopt$ x z well z ,france2 b !re is n ano!r mon>*y on e>? :i* has m]it$ ! opprobrium4 ,?is mon/r\s anomaly sprang f ! prodigality ( a ru9$ & sp5d?rift mon>*1 & ! vanity ( c]ta9 citiz5s ^: fa!rs possess$ money2 & ! wret*$ abuse has always be5 weakly attack$1 because x 0 felt t reimbursem5t w\ld be difficult4 ,x w\ld be a ?\s& times bett]1 said a great jurisconsult1 to sell ! treasure ( all ! conv5ts1 & ! plate ( all ! *ur*es1 ?an to sell ju/ice4 ,:5 ,francis ,i4 seiz$ ! silv] grat+ ( ,/4 ,m>t91 he did h>m to no "o2 ,/4 ,m>t9 compla9$ n1 & p>t$ v easily ) 8 scre52 b to sell ! place ( judge1 & at ! same "t make ! judge swe> t he has n b\ght x1 is a base sacrilege4 ,let u compla9 t ,montesquieu has di%onor$ 8 "w by su* p>adoxes--b at ! same "t let u p>don him4 ,8 uncle pur*as$ ! (fice ( a prov9cial presid5t1 & bequea!d x to him4 ,human nature is to be recogniz$ 9 ev]y?+1 & !re are none ( u )\t weakness4 ,behold h[ indu/ri\sly ! ,muscovite gov]nm5t seeks to em]ge f despotism4 ,is x 9 aboli%+ ! patri>*ate & ! active militia ( ! /relitzes2 9 be+ ! absolute ma/] ( ! troops1 ( ! rev5ue1 & ( ! *ur*1 ( :i* ! function>ies are paid f ! public treasury alone8 or is x prov$ by mak+ laws to r5d] t p[] z sacr$ z x is mighty8 ,x is melan*oly1 t 9 s _m citations & s _m maxims1 ! contr>y ( :at is ass]t$ %\ld be almo/ always ! tru?4 ,! luxury ( ^? :o possess ! necess>ies ( life only1 w be z]o2 ! luxury ( ^? :o possess z mu* aga91 w be equal to "o2 ( ^? :o possess d\ble ! means ( ! latt]1 ?ree2 & s on4 ,! latt] w possess ?ree times ! excess beyond ! necess>ies ( life2 b x by no means foll[s t he w possess ?ree times z _m luxuries2 = he may be ?rice z av>ici\s1 or may employ ! sup]fluity 9 comm]ce1 or 9 portions to 8 daught]s4 ,^! propositions are n affairs ( ari?metic1 & su* calculations are mis]able quack]y4 ,! ,samnites _h a f9e cu/om1 :i* mu/ h produc$ admirable results4 ,! "y man decl>$ ! mo/ wor?y *ose a wife :]e he pleas$2 he :o _h ! next numb] ( suffrages 9 8 favor foll[$1 & s on ?r\gh\t4 ,! au?or has mi/ak5 ! ,sunites1 a p ( ,scy?ia1 = ! ,samnites1 9 ! neighborhood ( ,rome4 ,he quotes a fragm5t ( ,ni*olas de ,demas1 pres]v$ by ,/obu3 b is ! said ,ni*olas a suffici5t au?ority8 ,?is f9e cu/om w\ld moreov] be v injuri\s 9 a well-gov]n$ c\ntry2 = if ! judges %\ld be deceiv$ 9 ! "y man decl>$ ! mo/ wor?y2 if ! female select$ %\ld n l him2 or if he 7 objectionable 9 ! eyes ( ! girl's p>5ts1 v fatal results might foll[4 ,on read+ ! admirable "w ( ,tacitus on ! mann]s ( ! ,g]mans1 x w be se5 t x is f !m ! ,engli% drew ! idea ( _! political gov]nm5t4 ,t admirable sy/em orig9at$ 9 ! woods4 ,! h\ses ( pe]s & ( commons1 & ! ,engli% c\rts ( law & equity1 f\nd 9 ! woods6 ,:o w\ld h suppos$ x8 ,)\t d\bt1 ! ,engli% owe _! squadrons & _! comm]ce to ! mann]s ( ! ,g]mans2 & ! s]mons ( ,tillotson to ^? pi\s ,g]man sorc]]s :o sacrific$ _! prison]s1 & judg$ ( _! success 9 w> by ! mann] 9 :i* ! blood fl[$4 ,we mu/ believe1 also1 t ! ,engli% are indebt$ = _! f9e manufactures to ! laudable practice ( ! ,g]mans1 :o1 z ,tacitus obs]v]s1 pref]r$ robb]y to toil4 ,ari/otle rank$ among mon>*ies ! gov]nm5ts bo? ( ,p]sia & ,lac$mon2 b :o _c p]ceive t ! "o 0 a despotism1 ! o!r a republic8 ,:o1 on ! contr>y1 _c p]ceive t ,lac$mon _h a s+le k+ = f\r hundr$ ye>s1 & two k+s until ! ext9ction ( ! ,h]aclid1 a p]iod ( ab\t a ?\s& ye>s8 ,we "k t no k+ 0 despotic ( "r1 n ev5 9 ,p]sia2 b e bold & dissembl+ pr9ce :o amasses money1 becomes despotic 9 a little "t1 ei!r 9 ,p]sia or ,lac$mon2 &1 !re=e1 ,ari/otle di/+ui%es e /ate possess+ p]petual & h]$it>y *iefs1 f republics4 ,p ( w>m climates are timid1 l old m52 ^? ( cold c\ntries are c\rage\s1 l "y ones4 ,we %\ld take great c>e h[ g5]al propositions escape u4 ,no "o has ev] be5 able to make a ,lapl&] or an ,esquimaux w>like1 :ile ! ,arabs 9 f\rscore ye>s conqu]$ a t]ritory :i* exce$$ t ( ! :ole ,roman ,empire4 ,?is maxim ( ,m4 ,montesquieu is equally errone\s ) all ! re/ on ! subject ( climate4 ,l\is ,,xiii4 0 extremely av]se to pass+ a law :i* made ! negroes ( ! ,fr5* colonies slaves2 b :5 he 0 giv5 to und]/& t x 0 ! mo/ c]ta9 way ( conv]t+ !m1 he cons5t$4 ,:]e did ! au?or pick up ?is anecdote8 ,! fir/ arrangem5t = ! treatm5t ( ! negroes 0 made 9 #afgc1 ?irty ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,l\is ,,xiii4 ,?is resembles ! refusal ( ,francis ,i4 to li/5 to ! project ( ,*ri/oph] ,columbus1 :o _h discov]$ ! ,antilles be=e ,francis ,i4 0 born4 ,! ,romans nev] exhibit$ any jeal\sy on ! score ( comm]ce4 ,x 0 z a rival1 n z a comm]cial nation1 t !y attack$ ,c>?age4 ,x 0 bo? z a w>like & z a comm]cial nation1 z ! le>n$ ,huet proves 9 8 ,comm]ce ( ! ,anci5ts1 :5 he %[s t ! ,romans 7 addict$ to comm]ce a long "t be=e ! fir/ ,punic w>4 ,! /]ility ( ! t]ritory ( ,a!ns e/abli%$ a popul> gov]nm5t !re1 & ! f]tility ( t ( ,lac$mon an ari/ocratic "o4 ,:5ce ?is *im]a8 ,f enslav$ ,a!ns we /ill d]ive cotton1 silk1 rice1 corn1 oil1 & sk9s2 & f ! c\ntry ( ,lac$mon no?+4 ,a!ns 0 tw5ty times ri*] ?an ,lac$mon4 ,) respect to ! comp>ative f]tility ( ! soil1 x is necess>y to visit ^? c\ntries to appreciate x2 b ! =m ( a gov]nm5t is nev] attribut$ to ! great] or less f]tility4 ,v5ice _h v little corn :5 h] nobles gov]n$4 ,g5oa is assur$ly n f]tile1 & yet is an ari/ocracy4 ,g5eva is a m popul> /ate1 & has n ! means ( exi/+ a =tnight ^u its own productions4 ,sw$51 :i* is equally poor1 has = a long "t submitt$ to ! yoke ( a mon>*y2 :ile f]tile ,pol& is ari/ocratic4 ,i _c conceive h[ g5]al rules c be e/abli%$1 :i* may be falsifi$ ^u ! slighte/ appeal to exp]i5ce4 ,9 ,europe1 empires h nev] be5 able to exi/4 ,yet ! ,roman ,empire exi/$ = five hundr$ ye>s1 & t ( ! ,turks has ma9ta9$ itself s9ce ! ye> #adec4 ,! duration ( ! great empires ( ,asia is pr9cipally ow+ to ! preval5ce ( va/ pla9s4 ,m4 ,montesquieu =gets ! m\nta9s :i* cross ,natolia & ,syria1 ,caucasus1 ,taurus1 ,ar>at1 ,imaus1 & o!rs1 ! ramifications ( :i* ext5d ?r\gh\t ,asia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,aft] ?us conv9c+ ourselves t errors ab\nd 9 ! ,_s ( ,laws2 aft] ev]ybody is satisfi$ t ?is "w wants me?od1 & possesses nei!r plan nor ord]1 x is prop] to inquire into t :i* really =ms its m]it1 & :i* has l$ to its great reputation4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is writt5 ) great wit1 :ile ! au?ors ( all ! o!r books on ?is subject are t$i\s4 ,x 0 on ?is acc\nt t a lady1 :o possess$ z mu* wit z ,montesquieu1 obs]v$1 t 8 book 0 l'esprit sur les lois4 ,x c nev] be m correctly def9$4 ,a /ill /rong] reason is t ! book exhibits gr& views1 attacks tyranny1 sup]/ition1 & gr9d+ taxation--?ree ?+s :i* mank9d dete/4 ,! au?or consoles slaves 9 lam5t+ _! fett]s1 & ! slaves 9 return applaud him4 ,"o ( ! mo/ bitt] & absurd ( 8 enemies1 :o contribut$ mo/ by 8 rage to exalt ! "n ( ,montesquieu ?r\gh\t ,europe1 0 ! j\rnali/ ( ! ,convulsion>ies4 ,he call$ him a ,sp9ozi/ & dei/2 t is to say1 he accus$ him at ! same "t ( n believ+ 9 ,god & ( believ+ 9 ,god alone4 ,he reproa*es him ) 8 e/eem = ,m>cus ,aurelius1 ,epictetus1 & ! ,/oics2 & = n lov+ ,jans5i/s--! ,abb de ,/4 ,cyran & ,fa!r ,quesnel4 ,he ass]ts t he has committ$ an unp>donable crime 9 call+ ,bayle a great man4 ,he pret5ds t ! ,_s ( ,laws is "o ( ^? mon/r\s works ) :i* ,france has be5 inundat$ s9ce ! ,bull ,unig5itus1 :i* has corrupt$ ! consci5ces ( all p4 ,?is tatt]demalion f 8 g>ret1 d]iv+ at lea/ ?ree hundr$ p] c5t4 f 8 ecclesia/ical gazette1 declaim$ l a fool aga9/ int]e/ ^u money at ! legal rate4 ,he 0 second$ by "s p$ants ( 8 own sort2 & ! :ole conclud$ 9 _! resembl+ ! slaves plac$ at ! foot ( ! /atue ( ,l\is ,,xiv42 !y are cru%$1 & gnaw _! own fle% 9 rev5ge4 ,montesquieu 0 almo/ always 9 error ) ! le>n$1 because he 0 n le>n$2 b he 0 always "r aga9/ ! fanatics & promot]s ( slav]y4 ,europe owes him et]nal gratitude4 ,,l5t4 ,,section ,i4 ,our que/ions on ,l5t w m]ely reg>d ! police4 ,x appe>$ useful to h a "t 9 ! ye> 9 :i* we %\ld eat few] ox51 calves1 lambs1 & p\ltry4 ,"y f[ls & pigeons are n ready 9 ,febru>y & ,m>*1 ! "t 9 :i* ,l5t falls2 & x is good to cease ! c>nage = "s weeks 9 c\ntries 9 :i* pa/ures are n s f]tile z ^? ( ,engl& & ,holl&4 ,! magi/rates ( police h v wisely ord]$ t meat %\ld be a little de>] at ,p>is dur+ ?is "t1 & t ! pr(it %\ld be giv5 to ! hospitals4 ,x is an almo/ ins5sible tribute paid by luxury & gluttony to indig5ce2 = x is ! ri* :o are n able to keep ,l5t--! poor fa/ all ! ye>4 ,!re are v few f>m+ m5 :o eat meat once a mon?4 ,if !y ate ( x e day1 !re w\ld n be en\gh = ! mo/ fl\ri%+ k+dom4 ,tw5ty millions ( p\nds ( meat a day w\ld make sev5 ?\s& ?ree hundr$ millions ( p\nds a ye>4 ,?is calculation is al>m+4 ,! small numb] ( ! ri*1 f9anci]s1 prelates1 pr9cipal magi/rates1 great lords1 & great ladies :o condesc5d to h maigre s]v$ at _! tables1 fa/ dur+ six weeks on soles1 salmon1 turbots1 /urgeons1 etc4 ,"o ( our mo/ fam\s f9anci]s _h c\ri]s1 :o = a hundr$ cr[ns br\ght him fre% sea fi% e day to ,p>is4 ,?is exp5se support$ ! c\ri]s1 ! deal]s :o sold ! horses1 ! fi%]m5 :o furni%$ ! fi%1 ! mak]s ( nets1 con/ructors ( boats1 & ! druggi/s f :om 7 procur$ ! ref9$ spices :i* give to a fi% a ta/e sup]ior to t ( meat4 ,lucullus c\ld n h kept ,l5t m voluptu\sly4 ,x %\ld fur!r be rem>k$ t fre% sea fi%1 9 com+ to ,p>is1 pays a consid]able tax4 ,! secret>ies ( ! ri*1 _! valets de *ambre1 ladies' maids1 & /ew>ds1 p>take ( ! dess]t ( ,crsus1 & fa/ z delici\sly z he4 ,x is n ! same ) ! poor2 n only if = f\r s\s !y p>take ( a small portion ( t\gh mutton d !y commit a great s91 b !y seek 9 va9 = ?is mis]able alim5t4 ,:at d !y !re=e fe$ ^u8 ,*e/nuts1 rye bread1 ! *eeses :i* !y h press$ f ! milk ( _! c[s1 goats or %eep1 & "s few ( ! eggs ( _! p\ltry4 ,!re are *ur*es :i* =bid !m ! eggs & ! milk4 ,:at !n rema9s = !m to eat8 ,no?+4 ,!y cons5t to fa/2 b !y cons5t n to die4 ,x is absolutely necess>y t !y %\ld live1 if x be only to cultivate ! l&s ( ! fat rectors & lazy monks4 ,we !re=e ask1 if x belongs n to ! magi/rates ( ! police ( ! k+dom1 *>g$ ) wat*+ ov] ! heal? ( ! inhabitants1 to give !m p]mission to eat ! *eeses :i* _! own h&s h =m$1 & ! eggs :i* _! f[ls h laid8 ,x appe>s t milk1 eggs1 *eese1 & all :i* c n\ri% ! f>m]1 are regulat$ by ! police1 & n by a religi\s rule4 ,we he> n t ,jesus ,*ri/ =bade omelets to ,8 apo/les2 ,he said to !m3 ,eat su* ?+s z are set be=e y4 ,! ,holy ,*ur* has orda9$ ,l5t1 b 9 quality ( ! ,*ur* x comm&s x only to ! he>t2 x c inflict spiritual pa9s alone2 x _c z =m]ly burn a poor man1 :o1 hav+ only "s ru/y bacon1 put a slice ( x on a piece ( black bread ! day aft] ,%rove ,tuesday4 ,sometimes 9 ! prov9ces ! pa/ors g beyond _! duty1 & =gett+ ! rights ( ! magi/racy1 und]take to g among ! innkeep]s & cooks1 to see if !y h n "s ounces ( meat 9 _! saucepans1 "s old f[ls on _! hooks1 or "s eggs 9 a cupbo>d2 = eggs are =bidd5 9 ,l5t4 ,!y intimidate ! poor p1 & proce$ to viol5ce t[>ds ! un=tunates1 :o "k n t x belongs alone to ! magi/racy to int]f]e4 ,x is an odi\s & puni%able inquisition4 ,! magi/rates alone c be rightly in=m$ ( ! m or less abundant provisions requir$ by ! poor p ( ! prov9ces4 ,! cl]gy h occupations m sublime4 ,%\ld x n !re=e belong to ! magi/rates to regulate :at ! p eat 9 ,l5t8 ,:o %\ld pry into ! legal consumption ( a c\ntry if n ! police ( t c\ntry8 ,,section ,,ii4 ,did ! fir/ :o 7 advis$ to fa/ put !mselves "u ?is regim5 by ord] ( ! physician1 = indige/ion8 ,! want ( appetite :i* we feel 9 grief--0 x ! fir/ orig9 ( fa/-days prescrib$ 9 melan*oly religions8 ,did ! ,jews take ! cu/om ( fa/+ f ! ,egyptians1 all ( ^: rites !y imitat$1 includ+ flagellation & ! scape-goat8 ,:y fa/$ ,jesus = =ty days 9 ! des]t1 :]e ,he 0 tempt$ by ! devil--by ! ,*a?bull8 ,/4 ,mat!w rem>ks t aft] ?is ,l5t ,he 0 hungry2 ,he 0 !re=e n hungry dur+ ! fa/4 ,:y1 9 days ( ab/95ce1 does ! ,roman ,*ur* consid] x a crime to eat t]re/rial animals1 & a good "w to be s]v$ ) soles & salmon8 ,! ri* ,papi/ :o %all h five hundr$ francs' wor? ( fi% ^u 8 table %all be sav$1 & ! poor wret* dy+ ) hung]1 :o %all h eat5 f\r s\s' wor? ( salt pork1 %all be damn$4 ,:y mu/ we ask p]mission ( ! bi%op to eat eggs8 ,if a k+ ord]$ 8 p nev] to eat eggs1 w\ld he n be ?\ght ! mo/ ridicul\s ( tyrants8 ,h[ /range ! av]sion ( bi%ops to omelets6 ,c we believe t among ,papi/s !re h be5 tribunals imbecile1 dull1 & b>b>\s en\gh to condemn to dea? poor citiz5s1 :o _h no o!r crimes ?an t ( hav+ eat5 ( horsefle% 9 ,l5t8 ,! fact is b too true2 ,i h 9 my h&s a s5t5ce ( ?is k9d4 ,:at r5d]s x /ill m /range is t ! judges :o pass$ su* s5t5ces believ$ !mselves sup]ior to ! ,iroquois4 ,fooli% & cruel prie/s1 to :om d y ord] ,l5t8 ,is x to ! ri*8 !y take good c>e to obs]ve x4 ,is x to ! poor8 !y keep ,l5t all ! ye>4 ,! unhappy peasant sc>cely ev] eats meat1 & has n :]e)al to buy fi%4 ,fools t y are1 :5 w y correct y\r absurd laws8 ,,leprosy1 ,,etc4 ,?is article relates to two p[]ful div9ities1 "o anci5t & ! o!r mod]n1 :i* h reign$ 9 our hemisph]e4 ,! rev]5d fa!r ,dom ,calmet1 a great antiqu>ian1 t is1 a great compil] ( :at 0 said 9 =m] times & :at is repeat$ at ! pres5t day1 has conf\nd$ lues ) leprosy4 ,he ma9ta9s t x 0 ! lues ) :i* ! wor?y ,job 0 afflict$1 & he supposes1 aft] a confid5t & arrogant comm5tator ( ! "n ( ,p9eida1 t ! lues & leprosy are precisely ! same disord]4 ,calmet is n a physician1 nei!r is he a reason]1 b he is a cit] ( au?orities2 & 9 8 vocation ( comm5tator1 citations are always sub/itut$ = reasons4 ,:5 ,a/ruc1 9 8 hi/ory ( lues1 quotes au?orities t ! disord] came 9 fact f ,san ,dom+o1 & t ! ,spani>ds br\ght x f ,am]ica1 8 citations are some:at m conclusive4 ,!re are two circum/ances :i*1 9 my op9ion1 prove t lues orig9at$ 9 ,am]ica2 ! fir/ is1 ! multitude ( au?ors1 bo? m$ical & surgical1 ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :o atte/ ! fact2 & ! second is1 ! sil5ce ( all ! physicians & all ! poets ( antiquity1 :o nev] 7 acqua9t$ ) ?is disease1 & nev] _h ev5 a "n = x4 ,i "h speak ( ! sil5ce ( physicians & ( poets z equally demon/rative4 ,! =m]1 beg9n+ ) ,hippocrates1 w\ld n h fail$ to describe ?is malady1 to /ate its symptoms1 to apply to x a "n1 & sugge/ "s rem$y4 ,! poets1 equally z malici\s & s>ca/ic z physicians are /udi\s & inve/igative1 w\ld h detail$ 9 _! satires1 ) m9ute p>ticul>ity1 all ! symptoms & consequ5ces ( ?is dreadful disord]2 y d n f9d1 h[ev]1 a s+le v]se 9 ,horace or ,catullus1 9 ,m>tial or ,juv5al1 :i* has ! slighte/ ref]5ce to lues1 al?\gh !y expatiate on all ! effects ( debau*]y ) ! utmo/ fre$om & delight4 ,x is v c]ta9 t smallpox 0 n kn[n to ! ,romans be=e ! six? c5tury2 t ! ,am]ican lues 0 n introduc$ into ,europe until ! fifte5? c5tury2 & t leprosy is z diff]5t f ^? two maladies1 z palsy f ,/4 ,guy's or ,/4 ,vitus' dance4 ,leprosy 0 a scabi\s disease ( a dreadful "*4 ,! ,jews 7 m subject to x ?an any o!r p liv+ 9 hot climates1 because !y _h nei!r l951 nor dome/ic ba?s4 ,^! p 7 s neglig5t ( cleanl9ess & ! dec5cies ( life t _! legislators 7 oblig$ to make a law to compel !m ev5 to wa% _! h&s4 ,all t we ga9$ 9 ! end by engag+ 9 ! crusades1 0 leprosy2 & ( all t we _h tak51 t 0 ! only ?+ t rema9$ ) u4 ,x 0 necess>y ev]y:]e to build laz>ettos1 9 :i* to conf9e ! un=tunate victims ( a disease at once pe/il5tial & incurable4 ,leprosy1 z well z fanaticism & usury1 _h be5 a di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( ! ,jews4 ,^! wret*$ p hav+ no physicians1 ! prie/s took ^u !mselves ! managem5t & regulation ( leprosy1 & made x a conc]n ( religion4 ,?is has occasion$ "s indiscreet & pr(ane critics to rem>k t ! ,jews 7 no bett] ?an a nation ( savages "u ! direction ( _! juggl]s4 ,_! prie/s 9 fact nev] cur$ leprosy1 b !y cut (f f society ^? :o 7 infect$ by x1 & ?us acquir$ a p[] ( ! greate/ importance4 ,e man labor+ "u ?is disease 0 imprison$1 l a ?ief or a robb]2 & ?us a woman :o 0 desir\s ( gett+ rid ( h] husb& _h only to secure ! sanction ( ! prie/1 & ! un=tunate husb& 0 %ut up--x 0 ! lettre de ca*et ( ! day4 ,! ,jews & ^? by :om !y 7 gov]n$ 7 s ignorant t !y imag9$ ! mo?-holes 9 g>m5ts1 & ! mildew ^u walls1 to be ! effects ( leprosy4 ,!y actually conceiv$ _! h\ses & clo!s to h leprosy2 ?us ! p !mselves1 & _! v rags & hovels1 7 all br\ght "u ! rod ( ! prie/hood4 ,"o pro( t1 at ! "t ( ! fir/ introduction ( ! lues1 !re 0 no connection betwe5 t disord] & leprosy1 is t ! few lep]s t rema9$ at ! conclusion ( ! fifte5? c5tury 7 (f5d$ at any k9d ( comp>ison betwe5 !mselves & ^? :o 7 affect$ by lues4 ,"s ( ! p]sons ?us affect$ 7 9 ! fir/ in/ance s5t to ! hospital = lep]s1 b 7 receiv$ by !m ) indignation4 ,! lep]s pres5t$ a petition to be sep>at$ f !m2 z p]sons imprison$ = debt or affairs ( honor claim a "r n to be conf\nd$ ) ! common h]d ( crim9als4 ,we h already obs]v$ t ! ,p>liam5t ( ,p>is1 on ,m>* #f1 #adif1 issu$ an ord]1 by :i* all p]sons labor+ "u lues1 unless !y 7 citiz5s ( ,p>is1 7 enjo9$ to dep>t )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 "u pa9 ( be+ hang$4 ,?is ord] 0 nei!r ,*ri/ian1 legal1 nor judici\s2 b x proves t lues 0 reg>d$ z a new plague :i* _h no?+ 9 common ) leprosy2 z lep]s 7 n hang$ = resid+ 9 ,p>is1 :ile ^? afflict$ by lues 7 s4 ,m5 may br+ ! leprosy on !mselves by _! uncleanl9ess & fil?1 j z is done by a species ( animals to :i* ! v l[e/ ( ! vulg> may too naturally be comp>$2 b ) respect to lues1 x 0 a pres5t made to ,am]ica by nature4 ,we h already reproa*$ ?is same nature1 at once s k9d & s malici\s1 s sagaci\s & yet s bl9d1 ) defeat+ h] own object by ?us poison+ ! s\rce ( life2 & we /ill s9c]ely regret t we h f\nd no solution ( ?is dreadful difficulty4 ,we h se5 else:]e t man 9 g5]al1 "o ) ano!r1 or 7z x is express$7 on ! av]age1 does n live above two-&-tw5ty ye>s2 & dur+ ^! two-&-tw5ty ye>s he is liable to two-&-tw5ty ?\s& evils1 _m ( :i* are incurable4 ,yet ev5 9 ?is dreadful /ate m5 /ill /rut & figure on ! /age ( life2 !y make love at ! haz>d ( de/ruction2 & intrigue1 c>ry on w>1 & =m projects1 j z if !y 7 to live 9 luxury & delight = a ?\s& ages4 ,,lett]s 7,,m5 ,,(74 ,9 ! b>b>\s times :5 ! ,franks1 ,g]mans1 ,bretons1 ,lomb>ds1 & ,spani% ,moz>abians knew nei!r h[ to read nor write1 we in/itut$ s*ools & univ]sities almo/ entirely compos$ ( ecclesia/ics1 :o1 kn[+ only _! own j>gon1 taught ?is j>gon to ^? :o w\ld le>n x4 ,academies 7 n f\nd$ until long aft]2 ! latt] h despis$ ! follies ( ! s*ools1 b !y h n always d>$ to oppose !m1 because !re are follies :i* we respect :5 !y are atta*$ to respectable ?+s4 ,m5 ( lett]s :o h r5d]$ ! mo/ s]vice to ! small numb] ( ?9k+ be+s scatt]$ ov] ! e>? are isolat$ s*ol>s1 true sages %ut up 9 _! closets1 :o h nei!r publicly disput$ 9 ! univ]sities1 nor said ?+s by halves 9 ! academies2 & su* h almo/ all be5 p]secut$4 ,our mis]able race is s creat$ t ^? :o walk 9 ! beat5 pa? always ?r[ /ones at ^? :o w\ld %[ !m a new "o4 ,montesquieu says t ! ,scy?ians put out ! eyes ( _! slaves t !y might be m att5tive to ! mak+ ( _! butt]4 ,x is ?us t ! ,inquisition acts1 & almo/ e "o is bl9d$ 9 ! c\ntries 9 :i* ?is mon/] reigns4 ,9 ,engl& p h _h two eyes = m ?an a hundr$ ye>s4 ,! ,fr5* are beg9n+ to op5 "o eye--b sometimes m5 9 place w n ev5 p]mit u to be "o-ey$4 ,^! mis]able /atesm5 are l ,doctor ,bal\>d ( ! ,italian com$y1 :o w only be s]v$ by ! fool ,h>lequ91 & :o fe>s to h too p5etrat+ a s]vant4 ,compose odes 9 praise ( ,"l ,sup]bus ,fatus1 madrigals = 8 mi/ress2 d$icate a book ( geography to 8 port]1 & y w be well receiv$4 ,enlight5 m51 & y w be cru%$4 ,desc>tes is oblig$ to quit 8 c\ntry2 ,gass5di is calumniat$2 ,arnaud passes 8 days 9 exile2 all ! philosoph]s are treat$ z ! prophets 7 among ! ,jews4 ,:o w\ld believe t 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 a philosoph] has be5 dragg$ be=e ! secul> tribunals1 & treat$ z impi\s by reason+ !ologians1 = hav+ said t m5 c\ld n practise ! arts if !y _h no h&s8 ,i expect t !y w soon condemn to ! galleys ! fir/ :o %all h ! insol5ce to say t a man c\ld n ?9k if he _h no head2 = a le>n$ ba*elor w say to him1 ! s\l is a pure _s1 ! head is only matt]2 ,god c place ! s\l 9 ! heel z well z 9 ! bra92 !re=e ,i d5\nce y z a blasphem]4 ,! great mis=tune ( a man ( lett]s is n p]haps be+ ! object ( ! jeal\sy ( 8 bro!rs1 ! victim ( cabals1 & ! contempt ( ! p[]ful ( ! _w--x is be+ judg$ by fools4 ,fools sometimes g v f>1 p>ticul>ly :5 fanaticism is jo9$ to folly1 & folly to ! _s ( v5geance4 ,fur!r1 ! great mis=tune ( a man ( lett]s is g5]ally to hold to no?+4 ,a citiz5 buys a little situation1 & is ma9ta9$ by 8 fell[-citiz5s4 ,if any inju/ice is done to him1 he soon f9ds def5d]s4 ,! lit]>y man is )\t aid2 he resembles ! fly+ fi%2 if he rises a little1 ! birds dev\r him2 if he dives1 ! fi%es eat him up4 ,e public man pays tribute to malignity2 b he is repaid 9 d5i]s & honors4 ,,libel4 ,small1 (f5sive books are t]m$ libels4 ,^! books are usually small1 because ! au?ors1 hav+ few reasons to give1 & usually writ+ n to in=m1 b mislead1 if !y are desir\s ( be+ read1 mu/ necess>ily be brief4 ,names are r>ely us$ on ^! occasions1 = assass9s fe> be+ detect$ 9 ! employm5t ( =bidd5 weapons4 ,9 ! "t ( ! ,league & ! ,fronde1 political libels ab\nd$4 ,e dispute 9 ,engl& produces hundr$s2 & a libr>y might be =m$ ( ^? writt5 aga9/ ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,we h _h !ological libels = sixte5 hundr$ ye>s2 & :at is worse1 ^! are e/eem$ holy by ! vulg>4 ,only see h[ ,/4 ,j]ome treats ,ruf9us & ,vigilantius4 ,! late/ libels are ^? ( ! ,mol9i/s & ,jans5i/s1 :i* am\nt to ?\s&s4 ,( all ?is mass !re rema9s only ,! ,prov9cial ,lett]s4 ,m5 ( lett]s may dispute ! numb] ( _! libels ) ! !ologians4 ,boileau & ,font5elle1 :o attack$ "o ano!r ) epigrams1 bo? said t _! *amb]s w\ld n conta9 ! libels ) :i* !y _h be5 assail$4 ,all ^! disappe> l ! leaves 9 autumn4 ,"s p h ma9ta9$ t any?+ (f5sive writt5 aga9/ a neighbor is a libel4 ,accord+ to !m1 ! rail+ attacks :i* ! prophets occasionally sang to ! k+s ( ,israel1 7 defamatory libels to excite ! p to rise up aga9/ !m4 ,z ! populace1 h[ev]1 read b little any:]e1 x is believ$ t ^! half-disclos$ satires nev] did any great h>m4 ,s$ition is produc$ by speak+ to assemblies ( ! p1 r ?an by writ+ = !m4 ,= ?is reason1 "o ( ! fir/ ?+s done by ,que5 ,elizabe? ( ,engl& on h] accession1 0 to ord] t = six mon?s no "o %\ld prea* )\t express p]mission4 ,! ,anti-,cato ( ,cs> 0 a libel1 b ,cs> did m h>m to ,cato by ! battle ( ,ph>salia1 ?an by 8 ,diatribes4 ,! ,philippics ( ,cic]o 7 libels1 b ! proscriptions ( ! ,triumvirs 7 f> m t]rible libels4 ,/4 ,cyril & ,/4 ,gregory ,nazianz5 compil$ libels aga9/ ! emp]or ,julian1 b !y 7 s g5]\s z n to publi% !m until aft] 8 dea?4 ,no?+ resembles libels m ?an c]ta9 manife/oes ( sov]eigns4 ,! secret>ies ( ! sultan ,mu/apha made a libel ( 8 decl>ation ( w>4 ,god has puni%$ !m = x2 b ! same _s :i* animat$ ,cs>1 ,cic]o1 & ! secret>ies ( ,mu/apha1 reigns 9 all ! reptiles :o sp9 libels 9 _! g>rets4 ,natura e/ semp] sibi consona4 ,:o w\ld believe t ! s\ls ( ,g>asse1 ,nonnotte1 ,paulian1 ,frron1 & he ( ,langliviet1 call+ himself ,la ,beaumelle1 7 9 ?is respect ( ! same temp] z ^? ( ,cs>1 ,cic]o1 ,/4 ,cyril1 & ( ! secret>y ( ! gr& seignior8 ,no?+ is1 h[ev]1 m c]ta94 ,,lib]ty4 ,ei!r ,i am mu* deceiv$1 or ,locke has v well def9$ lib]ty to be p[]4 ,i am /ill fur!r deceiv$1 or ,coll9s1 a celebrat$ magi/rate ( ,london1 is ! only philosoph] :o has pr(\ndly develop$ ?is idea1 :ile ,cl>ke has only answ]$ him z a !ologian4 ,( all t has be5 writt5 9 ,france on lib]ty1 ! foll[+ little dialogue has appe>$ to me ! mo/ compreh5sive3 ,a4 ,a batt]y ( cannon is dis*>g$ at our e>s2 h y ! lib]ty to he> x1 or n to he> x1 z y please8 ,b4 ,und\bt$ly ,i _c h9d] myself f he>+ x4 ,a4 ,are y will+ t ^! cannon %all take (f y\r head & ^? ( y\r wife & daught] :o walk ) y8 ,b4 ,:at a "q6 ,i _c1 at lea/ :ile ,i am 9 my "r s5ses1 wi% su* a ?+2 x is impossible4 ,a4 ,good2 y necess>ily he> ^! cannon1 & y necess>ily wi% n = ! dea? ( y\rself & y\r family by a dis*>ge f !m4 ,y h nei!r ! p[] ( n he>+ x1 nor ! p[] ( wi%+ to rema9 "h4 ,b4 ,t is cle>4 ,a4 ,y h1 ,i p]ceive1 advanc$ ?irty paces to be out ( ! rea* ( ! cannon2 y h _h ! p[] ( walk+ ^! few /eps ) me4 ,b4 ,t is also v cle>4 ,a4 ,& if y _h be5 p>alytic1 y c\ld n h avoid$ be+ expos$ to ?is batt]y2 y w\ld necess>ily h he>d1 & receiv$ a w\nd f ! cannon2 & y w\ld h z necess>ily di$4 ,b4 ,no?+ is m true4 ,a4 ,9 :at !n consi/s y\r lib]ty1 if n 9 ! p[] t y\r body has acquir$ ( p]=m+ t :i* f absolute necessity y\r w requires8 ,b4 ,y emb>rass me4 ,lib]ty !n is no?+ m ?an ! p[] ( do+ :at ,i wi%8 ,a4 ,reflect2 & see :e!r lib]ty c be und]/ood o!rwise4 ,b4 ,9 ?is case1 my hunt+ dog is z free z myself2 he has necess>ily ! w to run :5 he sees a h>e2 & ! p[] ( runn+1 if !re is no?+ ! matt] ) 8 legs4 ,i h !re=e no?+ above my dog2 y r$uce me to ! /ate ( ! bea/s4 ,a4 ,^! are poor sophisms1 & !y are poor sophi/s :o h in/ruct$ y4 ,y are unwill+ to be free l y\r dog4 ,d y n eat1 sleep1 & propagate l him1 & ne>ly 9 ! same attitudes8 ,w\ld y smell o!rwise ?an by y\r nose8 ,:y w\ld y possess lib]ty diff]5tly f y\r dog8 ,b4 ,b ,i h a s\l :i* reasons1 & my dog sc>cely reasons at all4 ,he has no?+ beyond simple ideas1 :ile ,i h a ?\s& metaphysical ideas4 ,a4 ,well1 y are a ?\s& times m free ?an he is2 y h a ?\s& times m p[] ( ?9k+ ?an he has2 b /ill y are n free 9 any o!r mann] ?an y\r dog is free4 ,b4 ,:at6 am ,i n free to w :at ,i l8 ,a4 ,:at d y und]/& by t8 ,b4 ,i und]/& :at all ! _w und]/&s4 ,is x n e day said t ! w is free8 ,a4 ,an adage is n a reason2 expla9 y\rself bett]4 ,b4 ,i und]/& t ,i am free to w z ,i please4 ,a4 ,) y\r p]mission1 t is nons5se2 see y n t x is ridicul\s to say--,i w w8 ,consequ5tly1 y necess>ily w ! ideas only :i* are pres5t$ to y4 ,w y be m>ri$1 yes or no8 ,b4 ,suppose ,i answ] t ,i w nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r4 ,a4 ,9 t case y w\ld answ] l him :o said3 ,"s believe ,c>d9al ,maz>9 dead1 o!rs believe him liv+2 ,i believe nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r4 ,b4 ,well1 ,i w m>ry6 ,a4 ,aye1 t is an answ]4 ,:y w y m>ry8 ,b4 ,because ,i am 9 love ) a "y1 beautiful1 sweet1 well-educat$1 ri* girl1 :o s+s v well1 ^: p>5ts are v hone/ p1 & ,i flatt] myself t ,i am belov$ by h] & welcome to ! family4 ,a4 ,!re is a reason4 ,y see t y _c w )\t a motive4 ,i decl>e to y t y are free to m>ry1 t is to say1 t y h ! p[] ( sign+ ! contract1 keep+ ! w$d+1 & sleep+ ) y\r wife4 ,b4 ,h[6 ,i _c w )\t a motive8 ,!n :at w become ( ! o!r prov]b--,sit pro ratione voluntas--my w is my reason--,i w because ,i w8 ,a4 ,x is an absurd "o1 my de> fri5d2 y w\ld !n h an effect )\t a cause4 ,b4 ,:at6 :5 ,i play at odd or ev51 h ,i a reason = *oos+ ev5 r ?an odd8 ,a4 ,und\bt$ly4 ,b4 ,& :at is ! reason1 if y please8 ,a4 ,x is1 t ! idea ( ev5 is pres5t$ to y\r m9d r ?an ! opposite idea4 ,x w\ld be extraord9>y if !re 7 cases 9 :i* we w because !re is a motive1 & o!rs 9 :i* we w )\t "o4 ,:5 y w\ld m>ry1 y evid5tly p]ceive ! pr$om9ant reason = x2 y p]ceive x n :5 y play at odd or ev51 & yet !re mu/ be "o4 ,b4 ,!re=e1 once m1 ,i am n free4 ,a4 ,y\r w is n free1 b y\r actions are4 ,y are free to act :5 y h ! p[] ( act+4 ,b4 ,b all ! books t ,i h read on ! lib]ty ( indiff]5ce-- ,a4 ,:at d y und]/& by ! lib]ty ( indiff]5ce8 ,b4 ,i und]/& spitt+ on ! "r or ! left h&--sleep+ on ! "r or left side--walk+ up & d[n f\r times or five4 ,a4 ,t w\ld be a pleasant lib]ty1 truly6 ,god w\ld h made y a f9e pres5t1 mu* to boa/ (1 c]ta9ly6 ,:at use to y w\ld be a p[] :i* c\ld only be ex]cis$ on su* futile occasions8 ,b 9 tru? x is ridicul\s to suppose ! w ( will+ to spit on ! "r or left4 ,n only is ! w ( will+ absurd1 b x is c]ta9 t sev]al little circum/ances det]m9e ^! acts :i* y call indiff]5t4 ,y are no m free 9 ^! acts ?an 9 o!rs4 ,yet y are free at all times1 & 9 all places1 :5 y c d :at y wi% to d4 ,b4 ,i suspect t y are "r4 ,i w ?9k ^u x4 ,,lib]ty ,,( ,,op9ion4 ,t[>ds ! ye> #agjg1 ! "t at :i* ! ,engli% ga9$ ! battle ( ,s>agossa1 protect$ ,portugal1 & = "s "t gave a k+ to ,spa91 ,"l ,boldm9d1 a g5]al (fic] :o _h be5 w\nd$1 0 at ! wat]s ( ,b>ges4 ,he !re met ) ,c\nt ,m$roso1 :o hav+ fall5 f 8 horse beh9d ! baggage1 at a league & a half f ! field ( battle1 also came to take ! wat]s4 ,he 0 a famili> ( ! ,inquisition1 :ile ,"l ,boldm9d 0 only famili> 9 conv]sation4 ,"o day aft] _! w9e1 he held ?is dialogue ) ,m$roso3 ,,boldm9d4 --,y are !n ! s]geant ( ! ,dom9icans8 ,y ex]cise a villa9\s trade4 ,,m$roso4 --,x is true2 b ,i w\ld r be _! s]vant ?an _! victim1 & ,i h pref]r$ ! unhapp9ess ( burn+ my neighbor to t ( be+ roa/$ myself4 ,,boldm9d4 --,:at a horrible alt]native6 ,y 7 a hundr$ times happi] "u ! yoke ( ! ,moors1 :o freely suff]$ y to abide 9 all y\r sup]/itions1 & conqu]ors z !y 71 arrogat$ n to !mselves ! /range "r ( s5d+ s\ls to hell4 ,,m$roso4 --,:at w\ld y h8 ,x is n p]mitt$ u ei!r to write1 speak1 or ev5 to ?9k4 ,if we speak1 x is easy to mis9t]pret our words1 & /ill m our writ+s2 & z we _c be condemn$ 9 an auto-da-f = our secret ?\ghts1 we are m5ac$ ) be+ burn$ et]nally by ! ord] ( ,god himself1 if we ?9k n l ! ,jacob9s4 ,!y h p]suad$ ! gov]nm5t t if we _h common s5se ! entire /ate w\ld be 9 combu/ion1 & ! nation become ! mo/ mis]able ^u e>?4 ,,boldm9d4 --,d y believe t we ,engli% :o cov] ! seas ) vessels1 & :o g to ga9 battles = y 9 ! s\? ( ,europe1 c be s unhappy8 ,d y p]ceive t ! ,dut*1 :o h ravi%$ f y almo/ all y\r discov]ies 9 ,india1 & :o at pres5t are rank$ z y\r protectors1 are curs$ ( ,god = hav+ giv5 entire lib]ty to ! press1 & = mak+ comm]ce ( ! ?\ghts ( m58 ,has ! ,roman ,empire be5 less p[]ful because ,tullius ,cic]o has writt5 ) fre$om8 ,,m$roso4 --,:o is ?is ,tullius ,cic]o8 ,i h nev] he>d 8 "n pron\nc$ at ,/4 ,h]m&ad4 ,,boldm9d4 --,he 0 a ba*elor ( ! univ]sity ( ,rome1 :o wrote t :i* he ?\ght1 l ,julius ,cs>1 ,m>cus ,aurelius1 ,titus ,lucretius ,c>us1 ,pl9ius1 ,s5eca1 & o!r sages4 ,,m$roso4 --,i "k none ( !m2 b ,i am told t ! ,ca?olic religion1 ,biscayan & ,roman1 is lo/ if we beg9 to ?9k4 ,,boldm9d4 --,x is n = y to believe x2 = y are sure t y\r religion is div9e1 & t ! gates ( hell _c prevail aga9/ x4 ,if t is ! case1 no?+ w ev] de/roy x4 ,,m$roso4 --,no2 b x may be r$uc$ to v little2 & x is ?r\gh hav+ ?\ght1 t ,sw$51 ,d5m>k1 all y\r isl&1 & ! half ( ,g]many groan "u ! frightful mis=tune ( n be+ subjects ( ! pope4 ,x is ev5 said t1 if m5 cont9ue to foll[ _! false lights1 !y w soon h m]ely ! simple adoration ( ,god & ( virtue4 ,if ! gates ( hell ev] prevail s f>1 :at w become ( ! holy (fice8 ,,boldm9d4 --,if ! fir/ ,*ri/ians _h n ! lib]ty ( ?\ght1 does x n foll[ t !re w\ld h be5 no ,*ri/ianity8 ,,m$roso4 --,i und]/& y n4 ,,boldm9d4 --,i readily believe x4 ,i w\ld say1 t if ,tib]ius & ! fir/ emp]ors _h fo/]$ ,jacob9s1 !y w\ld h h9d]$ ! fir/ ,*ri/ians f hav+ p5s & ink2 & _h x n be5 a long "t p]mitt$ 9 ! ,roman ,empire to ?9k freely1 x w\ld be impossible = ! ,*ri/ians to e/abli% _! dogmas4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,*ri/ianity 0 only =m$ by lib]ty ( op9ion1 by :at contradiction1 by :at inju/ice1 w\ld y n[ de/roy ! lib]ty on :i* alone x is f\nd$8 ,:5 "s affair ( int]e/ is propos$ to u1 d we n exam9e x = a long "t be=e we conclude ^u x8 ,:at int]e/ 9 ! _w is s great z our et]nal happ9ess or mis]y8 ,!re are a hundr$ religions on e>? :i* all condemn u if we believe y\r dogmas1 :i* !y call impi\s & absurd2 :y1 !re=e1 n exam9e ^! dogmas8 ,,m$roso4 --,h[ c ,i exam9e !m8 ,i am n a ,jacob94 ,,boldm9d4 --,y are a man1 & t is suffici5t4 ,,m$roso4 --,alas6 y are m ( a man ?an ,i am4 ,,boldm9d4 --,y h only to tea* y\rself to ?9k2 y are born ) a m9d1 y are a bird 9 ! cage ( ! ,inquisition1 ! holy (fice has clipp$ y\r w+s1 b !y w gr[ aga94 ,he :o kn[s n geometry c le>n x3 all m5 c in/ruct !mselves4 ,is x n %ameful to put y\r s\l into ! h&s ( ^? to :om y w\ld n intru/ y\r money8 ,d>e to ?9k = y\rself4 ,,m$roso4 --,x is said t if ! _w ?\ght = itself1 x w\ld produce /range confusion4 ,,boldm9d4 --,q ! contr>y4 ,:5 we assi/ at a spectacle1 e "o freely tells 8 op9ion ( x1 & ! public peace is n !reby di/urb$2 b if "s insol5t protector ( a poet w\ld =ce all p ( ta/e to proclaim t to be good :i* appe>s to !m bad1 bl[s w\ld foll[1 & ! two p>ties w\ld ?r[ apples ( discord at "o ano!r's heads1 z once happ5$ at ,london4 ,tyrants ov] m9d h caus$ a "p ( ! mis=tunes ( ! _w4 ,we are happy 9 ,engl& only because e "o freely enjoys ! "r ( speak+ 8 op9ion4 ,,m$roso4 --,we are all v tranquil at ,lisbon1 :]e no p]son d>es speak 84 ,,boldm9d4 --,y are tranquil1 b y are n happy3 x is ! tranquillity ( galley-slaves1 :o r[ 9 cad5ce & 9 sil5ce4 ,,m$roso4 --,y believe1 !n1 t my s\l is at ! galleys8 ,,boldm9d4 --,yes1 & ,i w\ld deliv] x4 ,,m$roso4 --,b if ,i f9d myself well at ! galleys8 ,,boldm9d4 --,:y1 !n1 y des]ve to be !re4 ,,lib]ty ,,( ,,! ,,press4 ,:at h>m c ! pr$iction ( ,jean ,jacques d to ,russia8 ,any8 ,we all[ him to expla9 x 9 a my/ical1 typical1 allegorical s5se1 accord+ to cu/om4 ,! nations :i* w de/roy ! ,russians w possess ! belles-lettres1 ma!matics1 wit1 & polit5ess1 :i* degrade man & p]v]t nature4 ,f five to six ?\s& pamphlets h be5 pr9t$ 9 ,holl& aga9/ ,l\is ,,xiv41 none ( :i* contribut$ to make him lose ! battles ( ,bl5heim1 ,tur91 & ,ramillies4 ,9 g5]al1 we h z natural a "r to make use ( our p5s z our language1 at our p]il1 risk1 & =tune4 ,i "k _m books :i* fatigue1 b ,i "k ( none :i* h done real evil4 ,!ologians1 or pret5d$ politicians1 cry3 ,religion is de/roy$1 ! gov]nm5t is lo/1 if y pr9t c]ta9 tru?s or c]ta9 p>adoxes4 ,nev] attempt to ?9k1 till y h dem&$ p]mission f a monk or an (fic]4 ,x is aga9/ good ord] = a man to ?9k = himself4 ,hom]1 ,plato1 ,cic]o1 ,virgil1 ,pl9y1 ,horace1 nev] publi%$ any?+ b ) ! approbation ( ! doctors ( ! ,sorbonne & ( ! holy ,inquisition4 ,see into :at horrible decay ! lib]ty ( ! press br\ght ,engl& & ,holl&4 ,x is true t !y possess ! comm]ce ( ! :ole _w1 & t ,engl& is victori\s on sea & l&2 b x is m]ely a false greatness1 a false opul5ce3 !y ha/5 ) long /rides to _! ru94 ,an enlight5$ p _c exi/4 ,none c reason m ju/ly1 my fri5ds2 b let u see1 if y please1 :at /ate has be5 lo/ by a book4 ,! mo/ dang]\s1 ! mo/ p]nici\s ( all1 is t ( ,sp9oza4 ,n only 9 ! "* ( a ,jew he attacks ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b 9 ! "* ( a s*ol> he ru9s ! ,old2 8 sy/em ( a!ism is a ?\s& times bett] compos$ & reason$ ?an ^? ( ,/raton & ( ,epicurus4 ,we h ne$ ( ! mo/ pr(\nd sagacity to answ] to ! argum5ts by :i* he endeavors to prove t "o sub/ance _c =m ano!r4 ,l y\rself1 ,i dete/ ?is book1 :i* ,i p]haps und]/& bett] ?an y1 & to :i* y h v badly repli$2 b h y discov]$ t ?is book has *ang$ ! face ( ! _w8 ,has any prea*] lo/ a flor9 ( 8 income by ! publication ( ! works ( ,sp9oza8 ,is !re a bi%op ^: r5ts h dim9i%$8 ,on ! contr>y1 _! rev5ues h d\bl$ s9ce 8 "t3 all ! ill is r$uc$ to a small numb] ( peaceable read]s1 :o h exam9$ ! argum5ts ( ,sp9oza 9 _! closets1 & h writt5 = or aga9/ !m works b little kn[n4 ,= y\rselves1 x is ( little consequ5ce to h caus$ to be pr9t$ ad usum ,delph9i1 ! a!ism ( ,lucretius--z y h already be5 reproa*$ ) do+--no tr\ble1 no sc&al1 has ensu$ f x3 s leave ,sp9oza to live 9 peace 9 ,holl&4 ,lucretius 0 left 9 repose at ,rome4 ,b if !re appe>s among y any new book1 ! ideas ( :i* %ock y\r own--suppos+ y h any--or ( :i* ! au?or may be ( a p>ty contr>y to y\rs--or :at is worse1 ( :i* ! au?or may n be ( any p>ty at all--!n y cry out ,fire6 & let all be noise1 sc&al1 & upro> 9 y\r small corn] ( ! e>?4 ,!re is an abom9able man :o has pr9t$ t if we _h no h&s we c\ld n make %oes nor /ock+s4 ,devotees cry out1 furr$ doctors assemble1 al>ms multiply f college to college1 f h\se to h\se1 & :y8 ,= five or six pages1 ab\t :i* !re no long] w be a "q at ! end ( ?ree mon?s4 ,does a book displease y8 refute x4 ,does x tire y8 read x n4 ,oh6 say y to me1 ! books ( ,lu!r & ,calv9 h de/roy$ ! ,roman ,ca?olic religion 9 "o-half ( ,europe8 ,:y say n also1 t ! books ( ! patri>* ,photius h de/roy$ ?is ,roman religion 9 ,asia1 ,africa1 ,greece1 & ,russia8 ,y deceive y\rself v grossly1 :5 y ?9k t y h be5 ru9$ by books4 ,! empire ( ,russia is two ?\s& leagues 9 ext5t1 & !re are n six m5 :o are aw>e ( ! po9ts disput$ by ! ,greek & ,lat9 ,*ur*4 ,if ! monk ,lu!r1 ,john ,calv91 & ! vic> ,zu+lius _h be5 cont5t ) writ+1 ,rome w\ld yet subjugate all ! /ates t x has lo/2 b ^! p & _! adh]5ts ran f t[n to t[n1 f h\se to h\se1 excit+ ! wom51 & 7 ma9ta9$ by pr9ces4 ,fury1 :i* torm5t$ ,amata1 & :i*1 accord+ to ,virgil1 :ipp$ h] l a top1 0 n m turbul5t4 ,"k1 t "o en?usia/ic1 facti\s1 ignorant1 supple1 vehem5t ,capu*91 ! emiss>y ( "s ambiti\s monks1 prea*+1 confess+1 communicat+1 & caball+1 w mu* soon] ov]?r[ a prov9ce ?an a hundr$ au?ors c enlight5 x4 ,x 0 n ! ,koran :i* caus$ ,mahomet to succe$3 x 0 ,mahomet :o caus$ ! success ( ! ,koran4 ,no6 ,rome has n be5 vanqui%$ by books2 x has be5 s by hav+ caus$ ,europe to revolt at its rapacity2 by ! public sale ( indulg5ces2 = hav+ insult$ m51 & wi%+ to gov]n !m l dome/ic animals2 = hav+ abus$ its p[] to su* an ext5t t x is a/oni%+ a s+le village rema9s to x4 ,h5ry ,,viii41 ,elizabe?1 ! duke ( ,saxe1 ! l&grave ( ,hesse1 ! pr9ces ( ,orange1 ! ,conds & ,colignys1 h done all1 & books no?+4 ,trumpets h nev] ga9$ battles1 nor caus$ any walls to fall except ^? ( ,j]i*o4 ,y fe> books1 z c]ta9 small cantons fe> viol9s4 ,let u read1 & let u dance--^! two amusem5ts w nev] d any h>m to ! _w4 ,,life4 ,! foll[+ passage is f\nd 9 ! ,sy/me de la ,nature1 ,london edition1 page #hd3 ,we ought to def9e life1 be=e we reason conc]n+ s\l2 b ,i hold x to be impossible to d s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i ?9k a def9ition ( life q possible4 ,life is organization ) ! faculty ( s5sation4 ,?us all animals are said to live4 ,life is attribut$ to plants1 only by a species ( metaphor or cata*resis4 ,!y are organiz$ & vegetate2 b be+ incapable ( s5sation1 d n prop]ly possess life4 ,we may1 h[ev]1 live )\t actual s5sation2 = we feel no?+ 9 a complete apoplexy1 9 a le?>gy1 or 9 a s\nd sleep )\t dreams2 b yet possess ! capacity ( s5sation4 ,_m p]sons1 x is too well kn[n1 h be5 buri$ alive1 l ,roman ve/als1 & x is :at happ5s aft] e battle1 especially 9 cold c\ntries4 ,a soldi] lies )\t motion1 & brea?less1 :o1 if he 7 duly assi/$1 might recov]2 b to settle ! matt] spe$ily1 !y bury him4 ,:at is ?is capacity ( s5sation8 ,=m]ly1 life & s\l meant ! same ?+1 & ! "o 0 no bett] und]/ood ?an ! o!r2 at bottom1 is x m und]/ood at pres5t8 ,9 ! sacr$ books ( ! ,jews1 s\l is always us$ = life4 ,dixit etiam ,deus1 producant aqu reptile anim viv5tis4 7,& ,god said1 let ! wat]s br+ =? abundantly ! mov+ creature :i* ha? a liv+ s\l47 ,creavit ,deus cete gr&ia1 et omnem animam viv5tem1 atque motabilem quam produx]ant aqu4 7,& ,god creat$ great dragons 7tannitiim71 & e liv+ s\l t move?1 :i* ! wat]s br\ght =?47 ,x is difficult to expla9 ! creation ( ^! wat]y dragons1 b su* is ! text1 & x is = u to submit to x4 ,producat t]ra animam viv5tem 9 g5]e suo1 jum5ta et reptilia4 7,let ! e>? produce ! liv+ s\l aft] its k9d1 cattle & creep+ ?+s47 ,et 9 quibus e/ anima viv5s1 ad vesc5dum4 7,& to ev]y?+ :]e9 !re is a liv+ s\l e gre5 h]b1 = meat47 ,et inspiravit 9 faciem ejus spiraculum vit1 et factus e/ homo 9 animam viv5tem4 7,& brea!d into 8 no/rils ! brea? ( life1 & man became a liv+ s\l47 ,sangu9em enim anim>um ve/r>um requiram de manu cunct>um beti>um1 et de manu hom9is1 etc4 7,i %all require back y\r s\ls f ! h&s ( man & bea/47 ,s\ls "h evid5tly signify lives4 ,! sacr$ text c]ta9ly did n mean t bea/s _h swall[$ ! s\ls ( m51 b _! blood1 :i* is _! life2 & z to ! h&s giv5 by ?is text to bea/s1 x signifies _! claws4 ,9 %ort1 m ?an two hundr$ passages may be quot$ 9 :i* ! s\l is us$ = ! life1 bo? ( bea/s & man2 b n "o :i* expla9s ei!r life or s\l4 ,if life be ! faculty ( s5sation1 :5ce ?is faculty8 ,9 reply to ?is "q1 all ! le>n$ quote sy/ems1 & ^! sy/ems are de/ructive ( "o ano!r4 ,b :y ! anxiety to asc]ta9 ! s\rce ( s5sation8 ,x is z difficult to conceive ! p[] :i* b9ds all ?+s to a common c5tre z to conceive ! cause ( animal s5sation4 ,! direction ( ! ne$le t[>ds ! pole1 ! pa?s ( comets1 & a ?\s& o!r ph5om5a are equally incompreh5sible4 ,prop]ties ( matt] exi/1 ! pr9ciple ( :i* w nev] be kn[n to u2 & t ( s5sation1 )\t :i* !re _c be life1 is among ! numb]4 ,is x possible to live )\t exp]i5c+ s5sation8 ,no4 ,an infant :i* dies 9 a le?>gy t has la/$ f its bir? has exi/$1 b n liv$4 ,let u imag9e an idiot unable to =m complex ideas1 b :o possesses s5sation2 he c]ta9ly lives )\t ?9k+1 =m+ simple ideas f 8 s5sations4 ,?\ght1 !re=e1 is n necess>y to life1 s9ce ?is idiot has liv$ )\t ?9k+4 ,h5ce1 c]ta9 ?9k]s ?9k t ?\ght is n ( ! ess5ce ( man4 ,!y ma9ta9 t _m idiots :o ?9k n1 are m52 & s decid$ly m5 z to produce o!r m51 )\t ! p[] ( con/ruct+ a s+le argum5t4 ,! doctors :o ma9ta9 ! ess5tiality ( ?\ght1 reply t ^! idiots h c]ta9 ideas f _! s5sation4 ,bold reason]s rejo91 t a well-taught m9d possesses m consecutive ideas1 & is v sup]ior to ^! idiots1 :5ce has sprung a gr& dispute ^u ! s\l1 ( :i* we %all speak--possibly at too great a l5g?--9 ! article on ,s\l4 ,,love4 ,!re are s _m k9ds ( love1 t 9 ord] to def9e x1 we sc>cely "k :i* to direct our att5tion to4 ,"s boldly apply ! "n ( love to a caprice ( a few days1 a connection )\t atta*m5t1 passion )\t affection1 ! affectations ( cicisbeism1 a cold usage1 a romantic fancy1 a ta/e spe$ily foll[$ by a di/a/e4 ,!y apply ! "n to a ?\s& *im]as4 ,%\ld any philosoph]s be incl9$ pr(\ndly to inve/igate a subject 9 itself s little philosophical1 !y may recur to ! banquet ( ,plato1 9 :i* ,socrates1 ! dec5t & honorable lov] ( ,alcibiades & ,aga?on1 conv]ses ) !m on ! metaphysics ( love4 ,lucretius speaks ( x m z a natural philosoph]2 & ,virgil foll[s ! example ( ,lucretius4 ,amor omnibus idem4 ,x is ! embroid]y ( imag9ation on ! /uff ( nature4 ,if y wi% to =m an idea ( love1 look at ! sp>r[s 9 y\r g>d52 behold y\r doves2 contemplate ! bull :5 introduc$ to ! heif]2 look at t p[]ful & spirit$ horse :i* two ( y\r grooms are conduct+ to ! m>e t quietly awaits him1 & is evid5tly pleas$ at 8 approa*2 obs]ve ! fla%+ ( 8 eyes1 notice ! /r5g? & l\dness ( 8 neigh+s1 ! b\nd+s1 ! curvet+s1 ! e>s erect1 ! m\? op5+ ) convulsive gasp+s1 ! di/5d$ no/rils1 ! brea? ( fire1 ! rais$ & wav+ mane1 & ! impetu\s movem5t ) :i* he ru%es t[>ds ! object :i* nature has de/9$ = him2 d n1 h[ev]1 be jeal\s ( 8 happ9ess2 b reflect on ! advantages ( ! human species2 !y af=d ample comp5sation 9 love = all ^? :i* nature has conf]r$ on m]e animals--/r5g?1 beauty1 lightness1 & rapidity4 ,!re are "s classes1 h[ev]1 ev5 ( animals totally unacqua9t$ ) sexual association4 ,fi%es are de/itute ( ?is enjoym5t4 ,! female deposits h] millions ( eggs on ! slime ( ! wat]s1 & ! male t meets !m passes ov] !m & communicates ! vital pr9ciple1 nev] consort+ )1 or p]haps ev5 p]ceiv+ ! female to :om !y belong4 ,! great] "p ( ^? animals :i* copulate are s5sible ( ! enjoym5t only by a s+le s5se2 & :5 appetite is satisfi$1 ! :ole is ov]4 ,no animal1 besides man1 is acqua9t$ ) embraces2 8 :ole frame is susceptible2 8 lips p>ticul>ly exp]i5ce a delight :i* nev] we>ies1 & :i* is exclusively ! portion ( 8 species2 f9ally1 he c surr5d] himself at all seasons to ! ende>m5ts ( love1 :ile m]e animals possess only limit$ p]iods4 ,if y reflect on ^! high pre-em95ces1 y w readily jo9 9 ! e>l ( ,ro*e/]'s rem>k1 t love w\ld impel a :ole nation ( a!i/s to wor%ip ! div9ity4 ,z m5 h be5 end[$ ) ! tal5t ( p]fect+ :atev] nature has be/[$ ^u !m1 !y h accord+ly p]fect$ ! gift ( love4 ,cleanl9ess1 p]sonal att5tion1 & reg>d to heal? r5d] ! frame m s5sitive1 & consequ5tly increase its capacity ( gratification4 ,all ! o!r amiable & valuable s5tim5ts ent] aft]w>ds into t ( love1 l ! metals :i* amalgamate ) gold2 fri5d%ip & e/eem readily fly to its support2 & tal5ts bo? ( body & ( m9d are new & /r5g!n+ bonds4 ,nam facit ipsa suis int]dum fem9a factis1 ,morig]isque modis1 et mundo corpore cultu ,ut facile insuescat secum vir deg]e vitam4 --,,lucretius1 iv1 #abge4 ,self-love1 above all1 draws clos] all ^! v>i\s ties4 ,m5 pride !mselves 9 ! *oice !y h made2 & ! numb]less illusions t cr[d ar\nd con/itute ! ornam5t ( ! "w1 ( :i* ! f\ndation is s firmly laid by nature4 ,su* are ! advantages possess$ by man above ! v>i\s tribes ( animals4 ,b1 if he enjoys delights ( :i* !y are ignorant1 h[e _m vexations & disgu/s1 on ! o!r h&1 is he expos$ to1 f :i* !y are free6 ,! mo/ dreadful ( ^! is occasion$ by nature's hav+ poison$ ! pleasures ( love & s\rces ( life ov] ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! _w by a t]rible disease1 to :i* man alone is subject2 nor is x ) ?is pe/il5ce z ) v>i\s o!r maladies1 :i* are ! natural consequ5ces ( excess4 ,x 0 n introduc$ into ! _w by debau*]y4 ,! ,phrynes & ,laises1 ! ,floras & ,messal9as1 7 nev] attack$ by x4 ,x orig9at$ 9 isl&s :]e mank9d dwelt toge!r 9 innoc5ce1 & has !nce be5 spread ?r\gh\t ! ,old ,_w4 ,if nature c\ld 9 any in/ance be accus$ ( despis+ h] own "w1 ?w>t+ h] own plan1 & c\nt]act+ h] own views1 x w\ld be 9 ?is dete/able sc\rge :i* has pollut$ ! e>? ) horror & %ame4 ,& c ?is1 !n1 be ! be/ ( all possible worlds8 ,:at6 if ,cs> & ,antony & ,octavius nev] _h ?is disease1 0 x n possible to prev5t ,francis ! ,fir/ f dy+ ( x8 ,no1 x is said2 ?+s 7 s ord]$ all = ! be/2 ,i am dispos$ to believe x2 b x is un=tunate = ^? to :om ,rabelais has d$icat$ 8 book4 ,erotic philosoph]s h frequ5tly discuss$ ! "q1 :e!r ,hlose c\ld truly love ,abl>d aft] he became a monk & mutilat$8 ,"o ( ^! /ates mu* wrong$ ! o!r4 ,be com=t$1 h[ev]1 ,abl>d1 y 7 really belov$2 imag9ation comes 9 aid ( ! he>t4 ,m5 feel a pleasure 9 rema9+ at table1 al?\gh !y c no long] eat4 ,is x love8 is x simply recollection8 is x fri5d%ip8 ,x is a some?+ comp\nd$ ( all ^!4 ,x is a confus$ feel+1 resembl+ ! fanta/ic passions :i* ! dead reta9$ 9 ! ,elysian ,fields4 ,! h]oes :o :ile liv+ _h %one 9 ! *>iot races1 guid$ imag9>y *>iots aft] dea?4 ,hlose liv$ ) y on illusions & supplem5ts4 ,%e sometimes c>ess$ y1 & ) s mu* ! m pleasure z1 aft] v[+ at ,p>aclet t %e w\ld love y no m1 h] c>esses 7 become m preci\s to h] 9 proportion z !y _h become m culpable4 ,a woman c nev] =m a passion = a eunu*1 b %e may reta9 h] passion = h] lov] aft] 8 becom+ "o1 if he /ill rema9s amiable4 ,! case is diff]5t ) respect to a lov] gr[n old 9 ! s]vice2 ! ext]nal appe>ance is no long] ! same2 wr9kles affright1 grizzly eyebr[s repel1 decay+ tee? disgu/1 infirmities drive away2 all t c be done or expect$ is to h ! virtue ( be+ a pati5t & k9d nurse1 & be>+ ) ! man t 0 once belov$1 all :i* am\nts to--bury+ ! dead4 ,,love ,,( ,,god4 ,! disputes t h occurr$ ab\t ! love ( ,god h k9dl$ z mu* hatr$ z any !ological qu>rel4 ,! ,jesuits & ,jans5i/s h be5 cont5d+ = a hundr$ ye>s z to :i* p>ty lov$ ,god 9 ! mo/ suitable & appropriate mann]1 & :i* %\ld at ! same "t mo/ completely h>ass & torm5t _! neighbor4 ,:5 ! au?or ( ,telema*us1 :o 0 9 high reputation at ! c\rt ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 recomm5d$ m5 to love ,god 9 a mann] :i* did n happ5 to co9cide ) t ( ! au?or ( ! ,fun]al ,orations1 ! latt]1 :o 0 a complete ma/] ( ! weapons ( controv]sy1 decl>$ op5 w> aga9/ him1 & procur$ 8 condemnation 9 ! anci5t city ( ,romulus1 :]e ,god 0 ! v object mo/ lov$1 aft] dom9ation1 ease1 luxury1 pleasure1 & money4 ,if ,madame ,guyon _h be5 acqua9t$ ) ! /ory ( ! good old woman1 :o br\ght a *af+di% to burn p>adise1 & a pit*] ( wat] to ext+ui% hell1 t ,god might be lov$ = ,himself alone1 %e w\ld n p]haps h writt5 s mu* z %e did4 ,%e mu/ inevitably h felt t %e c\ld h]self nev] say any?+ bett] ?an t2 b %e lov$ ,god & nons5se s s9c]ely t %e 0 imprison$ = f\r mon?s1 on acc\nt ( h] affectionate atta*m5t2 treatm5t decid$ly rigor\s & unju/4 ,:y puni% z a crim9al a woman ^: only (f5ce 0 compos+ v]se 9 ! /yle ( ! ,abb ,cot91 & prose 9 ! ta/e ( ! popul> favorite ,pun*9ello8 ,x is /range t ! au?or ( ,telema*us & ! frigid loves ( ,eu*>is %\ld h said 9 8 ,maxims ( ,sa9ts1 aft] ! bless$ ,francis de ,sales3 ,i h sc>cely any desires2 b1 7 ,i to be born aga91 ,i %\ld n h any at all4 ,if ,god came to me1 ,i w\ld also g to ,him2 if x 7 n ,8 w to come to me1 ,i w\ld /ay :]e ,i 01 & n g to ,him4 ,8 :ole "w turns ^u ?is proposition4 ,francis de ,sales 0 n condemn$1 b ,fnelon 04 ,:y %\ld t h be58 ! reason is1 t ,francis de ,sales _h n a bitt] enemy at ! c\rt ( ,tur91 & t ,fnelon _h "o at ,v]sailles4 ,! mo/ s5sible ?+ t 0 writt5 ^u ?is my/ical controv]sy is to be f\nd p]haps 9 ,boileau's satire1 ,on ! ,love ( ,god1 al?\gh t is c]ta9ly by no means 8 be/ "w4 ,qui fait exactem5t ce que1 ma loi comm&e1 ,a p\r moi1 dit ce ,dieu1 l'am\r que je dem&e4 --,,ep4 xii4 #ii4 ,att5d exactly to my law's comm&1 ,su*1 says ?is ,god1 ! wor%ip ,i dem&4 ,if we mu/ pass f ! ?orns ( !ology to ^? ( philosophy1 :i* are n s long & are less pi]c+1 x seems cle> t an object may be lov$ by any "o )\t any ref]5ce to self1 )\t any mixture ( int]e/$ self-love4 ,we _c comp>e div9e ?+s to e>?ly ones1 or ! love ( ,god to any o!r love4 ,we h an inf9ity ( /eps to m\nt above our grovell+ human incl9ations be=e we c rea* t sublime love4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 we h no?+ to re/ ^u except ! e>?1 let u draw our comp>isons f t4 ,we view "s ma/]piece ( art1 9 pa9t+1 sculpture1 ar*itecture1 poetry1 or eloqu5ce2 we he> a piece ( music t absolutely en*ants our e>s & s\ls2 we admire x1 we love x1 )\t any return ( ! slighte/ advantage to ourselves f ?is atta*m5t2 x is a pure & ref9$ feel+2 we proce$ sometimes s f> z to ent]ta9 v5]ation or fri5d%ip = ! au?or2 & 7 he pres5t %\ld cordially embrace him4 ,?is is almo/ ! only way 9 :i* we c expla9 our pr(\nd admiration & ! impulses ( our he>t t[>ds ! et]nal ar*itect ( ! _w4 ,we survey ! "w ) an a/oni%m5t made up ( respect & a s5se ( our own no?+ness1 & our he>t w>ms & rises z mu* z possible t[>ds ! div9e artific]4 ,b :at is ?is feel+8 ,a some?+ vague & indet]m9ate--an impression t has no connection ) our ord9>y affections4 ,a s\l m susceptible ?an ano!r1 m )drawn f worldly bus9ess & c>es1 may be s affect$ by ! spectacle ( nature z to feel ! mo/ ard5t z well z pi\s aspirations t[>ds ! et]nal ,"l :o =m$ x4 ,c\ld su* an amiable affection ( ! m9d1 c\ld s p[]ful a *>m1 s /rong an evid5ce ( feel+1 incur c5sure8 ,0 x possible 9 reality to condemn ! affectionate & grateful disposition ( ! ar*bi%op ( ,cambray8 ,not)/&+ ! expressions ( ,/4 ,francis de ,sales1 above giv51 he adh]$ /eadily to ?is ass]tion1 t ! au?or may be lov$ m]ely & simply = ! beauty ( 8 works4 ,) :at h]esy c\ld he be reproa*$8 ,! extravagances ( /yle ( a lady ( ,mont>gis1 & a few ungu>d$ expressions ( 8 own1 7 n a little injuri\s to him4 ,:]e 0 ! h>m t he _h done8 ,no?+ at pres5t is kn[n ab\t ! matt]4 ,?is dispute1 l numb]less o!rs1 is completely annihilat$4 ,7 e dogmati/ to say to himself3 ,a few ye>s h5ce no "o w c>e a /raw = my dogmas1 !re w\ld be f> less dogmatiz+ 9 ! _w ?an !re is6 ,ah6 ,l\is ! ,f\rte5?6 ,l\is ! ,f\rte5?6 :5 two m5 ( g5ius _h dep>t$ s f> f ! natural scope & direction ( _! tal5ts1 z to write ! mo/ obscure & tiresome works ev] writt5 9 y\r dom9ions1 h[ mu* bett] w\ld x h be5 to h left !m to _! own wrangl+s6 ,p\r f9ir t\s ces dbats-l1 ,tu n'avais qu' les laiss] faire4 ,to end debates 9 su* a tone ',twas b to leave ! m5 alone4 ,x is obs]vable "u all ! articles ( morality & hi/ory1 by :at an invisible *a91 by :at unkn[n spr+s1 all ! ideas t di/urb our m9ds & all ! ev5ts t poison our days are b\nd toge!r & br\ght to co-op]ate 9 ! =mation ( our de/9ies4 ,fnelon dies 9 exile 9 consequ5ce ( hold+ two or ?ree my/ical conv]sations ) a pi\s b fanciful woman4 ,c>d9al ,b\illon1 nephew ( ! great ,tur5ne1 is p]secut$ 9 consequ5ce ( n himself p]secut+ at ,rome ! ar*bi%op ( ,cambray1 8 fri5d3 he is compell$ to quit ,france1 & he also loses 8 :ole =tune4 ,by a l *a9 ( causes & effects1 ! son ( a solicitor at ,vire detects1 9 a doz5 ( obscure phrases ( a book pr9t$ at ,am/]dam1 :at is suffici5t to fill all ! dungeons ( ,france ) victims2 & at l5g?1 f ! dep? ( ^? dungeons arises a cry = r$ress & v5geance1 ! e*o ( :i* lays pro/rate on ! e>? an able & tyrannical society :i* _h be5 e/abli%$ by an ignorant madman4 ,,love 7,,socratic ,,love74 ,if ! love call$ ,socratic & ,platonic is only a becom+ s5tim5t1 x is to be applaud$2 if an unnatural lic5se1 we mu/ blu% = ,greece4 ,x is z c]ta9 z ! k ( antiquity c well be1 t ,socratic love 0 n an infam\s passion4 ,x is ! ^w love :i* has deceiv$ ! _w4 ,^? call$ ! lov]s ( a "y man 7 precisely su* z among u are call$ ! m9ions ( our pr9ces--honorable y\?s atta*$ to ! education ( a *ild ( di/9ction1 p>tak+ ( ! same /udies & ! same milit>y ex]cises--a w>like & correct cu/om1 :i* has be5 p]v]t$ into nocturnal fea/s & midnight orgies4 ,! company ( lov]s in/itut$ by ,laius 0 an inv9cible troop ( "y w>riors1 b\nd by oa? ea* to pres]ve ! life ( any o!r at ! exp5se ( 8 own4 ,anci5t discipl9e nev] exhibit$ any?+ m f9e4 ,sextus ,empiricus & o!rs h boldly affirm$ t ?is vice 0 recomm5d$ by ! laws ( ,p]sia4 ,let !m cite ! text ( su* a law2 let !m exhibit ! code ( ! ,p]sians2 & if su* an abom9ation be ev5 f\nd !re1 /ill ,i w\ld disbelieve x1 & ma9ta9 t ! ?+ 0 n true1 because x is impossible4 ,no2 x is n 9 human nature to make a law :i* contradicts & outrages nature itself--a law :i* w\ld annihilate mank9d1 if x 7 lit]ally obs]v$4 ,moreov]1 ,i w %[ y ! anci5t law ( ! ,p]sians z giv5 9 ! ,sadd]4 ,x says1 9 article or gate #i1 t ! greate/ s9 mu/ n be committ$4 ,x is 9 va9 t a mod]n writ] seeks to ju/ify ,sextus ,empiricus & p$]a/y4 ,! laws ( ,zoroa/]1 ) :i* he is unacqua9t$1 incontrov]tibly prove t ?is vice 0 nev] recomm5d$ to ! ,p]sians4 ,x might z well be said t x is recomm5d$ to ! ,turks4 ,!y boldly practise x1 b _! laws condemn x4 ,h[ _m p]sons h mi/ak5 %ameful practices1 :i* are only tol]at$ 9 a c\ntry1 = its laws4 ,sextus ,empiricus1 :o d\bt$ ev]y?+1 %\ld h d\bt$ ?is piece ( jurisprud5ce4 ,if he _h liv$ 9 our days1 & witness$ ! proce$+s ( two or ?ree "y ,jesuits ) _! pupils1 w\ld he h be5 ju/ifi$ 9 ! ass]tion t su* practices 7 p]mitt$ by ! in/itutes ( ,ignatius ,loyola8 ,x w be p]mitt$ to me "h to allude to ! ,socratic love ( ! rev]5d fa!r ,polyc>p1 a ,c>melite1 :o 0 driv5 away f ! small t[n ( ,gex 9 #agga1 9 :i* place he taught religion & ,lat9 to ab\t a doz5 s*ol>s4 ,he 0 at once _! confessor1 tutor1 & some?+ m4 ,few h _h m occupations1 spiritual & temporal4 ,all 0 discov]$2 & he retir$ into ,switz]l&1 a c\ntry v di/ant f ,greece4 ,! monks *>g$ ) ! education ( y\? h always exhibit$ a little ( ?is t5d5cy1 :i* is a necess>y consequ5ce ( ! celibacy to :i* ! poor m5 are condemn$4 ,?is vice 0 s common at ,rome t x 0 impossible to puni% a crime :i* almo/ e "o committ$4 ,octavius ,augu/us1 t murd]]1 debau*ee1 & c[>d1 :o exil$ ,ovid1 ?\ght x "r 9 ,virgil to s+ ! *>ms ( ,alexis4 ,horace1 8 o!r poetical favorite1 con/ruct$ small odes on ,ligur9us2 & ?is same ,horace1 :o prais$ ,augu/us = re=m+ mann]s1 speak 9 8 satires 9 mu* ! same way ( bo? boys & girls4 ,yet ! anci5t law ,scant9ia1 :i* =bade p$]a/y1 always exi/$1 & 0 put 9 =ce by ! emp]or ,philip1 :o drove away f ,rome ! boys :o made a pr(ession ( x4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ,rome _h witty & lic5ti\s /ud5ts1 l ,petronius1 x _h also su* preceptors z ,qu9tilian2 & att5d to ! precautions he lays d[n 9 8 *apt] ( ,! ,preceptor1 9 ord] to pres]ve ! purity ( e>ly y\?4 ,cav5dum non solum crim9e turpitud9is1 s$ etiam suspicione4 ,we mu/ n only bew>e ( a %ameful crime b ev5 ( ! suspicion ( x4 ,to conclude1 ,i firmly believe t no civiliz$ nation ev] exi/$ :i* made =mal laws aga9/ morals4 ,obs]vations ,by ,ano!r ,h&4 ,we may be p]mitt$ to make a few additional reflections on an odi\s & disgu/+ subject1 :i* h[ev]1 un=tunately1 =ms a "p ( ! hi/ory ( op9ions & mann]s4 ,?is (f5ce may be trac$ to ! remote/ p]iods ( civilization4 ,greek & ,roman hi/ory 9 p>ticul> all[s u n to d\bt x4 ,x 0 common be=e p =m$ regul> societies1 & 7 gov]n$ by writt5 laws4 ,! latt] fact is ! reason t ! laws h treat$ x ) s mu* indulg5ce4 ,sev]e laws _c be propos$ to a free p aga9/ a vice1 :atev] x may be1 :i* is common & habitual4 ,= a long "t _m ( ! ,g]man nations _h writt5 laws :i* admitt$ ( composition & murd]4 ,solon cont5t$ himself ) =bidd+ ^! odi\s practices betwe5 ! citiz5s & slaves4 ,! ,a!nians might p]ceive ! policy ( ?is int]diction1 & submit to x2 especially z x op]at$ aga9/ ! slaves only1 & 0 enact$ to prev5t !m f corrupt+ ! "y free m54 ,fa!rs ( families1 h[ev] lax _! morals1 _h no motive to oppose x4 ,! sev]ity ( ! mann]s ( wom5 9 ,greece1 ! use ( public ba?s1 & ! passion = games 9 :i* m5 appe>$ altoge!r nak$1 fo/]$ ?is turpitude1 not)/&+ ! progress ( society & morals4 ,lycurgus1 by all[+ m lib]ty to ! wom51 & by c]ta9 o!r in/itutions1 succe$$ 9 r5d]+ ?is vice less common 9 ,sp>ta ?an 9 ! o!r t[ns ( ,greece4 ,:5 ! mann]s ( a p become less ru/ic1 z !y improve 9 arts1 luxury1 & ri*es1 if !y reta9 _! =m] vices1 !y at lea/ endeavor to veil !m4 ,*ri/ian morality1 by atta*+ %ame to connections betwe5 unm>ri$ p1 by r5d]+ m>riage indissoluble1 & proscrib+ concub9age by ecclesia/ical c5sures1 has r5d]$ adult]y common4 ,e sort ( voluptu\sness hav+ be5 equally made s9ful1 t species is naturally pref]r$ :i* is necess>ily ! mo/ secret2 & ?us1 by a s+ul> contradiction1 absolute crimes are (t5 made m frequ5t1 m tol]at$1 & less %ameful 9 public op9ion1 ?an simple weaknesses4 ,:5 ! we/]n nations began a c\rse ( ref9em5t1 !y s\ght to conceal adult]y "u ! veil ( :at is call$ gallantry4 ,!n m5 l\dly av[$ a passion 9 :i* x 0 presum$ ! wom5 did n %>e4 ,! lov]s d>$ dem& no?+2 & x 0 only aft] m ?an t5 ye>s ( pure love1 ( combats & victories at t\rnam5ts t a cavali] might hope to discov] a mom5t ( weakness 9 ! object ( 8 adoration4 ,!re rema9s a suffici5t numb] ( records ( ^! times to conv9ce u t ! /ate ( mann]s fo/]$ ?is species ( hypocrisy4 ,x 0 simil> among ! ,greeks1 :5 !y _h become poli%$4 ,connections betwe5 males 7 n %ameful2 "y p unit$ !mselves to ea* o!r by oa?s1 b x 0 to live & die = _! c\ntry4 ,x 0 usual = a p]son ( ripe age to atta* himself to a "y man 9 a /ate ( adolesc5ce1 o/5sibly to =m1 in/ruct1 & guide him2 & ! passion :i* m+l$ 9 ^! fri5d%ips 0 a sort ( love--b /ill innoc5t love4 ,su* 0 ! veil ) :i* public dec5cy conceal$ vices :i* g5]al op9ion tol]at$4 ,9 %ort1 9 ! same mann] z *ivalric gallantry is (t5 made a !me = eulogy 9 mod]n society1 z prop] to elevate ! s\l & inspire c\rage1 0 x common among ! ,greeks to eulogize t love :i* atta*$ citiz5s to ea* o!r4 ,plato said t ! ,!bans act$ laudably 9 adopt+ x1 because x 0 necess>y to poli% _! mann]s1 supply great] en]gy to _! s\ls & to _! spirits1 :i* 7 b5umb$ by ! nature ( _! climate4 ,we p]ceive by ?is1 t a virtu\s fri5d%ip alone 0 treat$ ( by ,plato4 ,?us1 :5 a ,*ri/ian pr9ce proclaim$ a t\rnam5t1 at :i* e "o appe>$ 9 ! colors ( 8 mi/ress1 x 0 ) ! laudable int5tion ( excit+ emulation among its knights1 & to s(t5 mann]s2 x 0 n adult]y1 b gallantry1 t he w\ld enc\rage )9 8 dom9ions4 ,9 ,a!ns1 accord+ to ,plato1 !y set b\nds to _! tol]ation4 ,9 mon>*ical /ates1 x 0 politic to prev5t ^! atta*m5ts betwe5 m51 b 9 republics !y mat]ially t5d$ to prev5t ! d\ble e/abli%m5t ( tyranny4 ,9 ! sacrifice ( a citiz51 a tyrant knew n ^: v5geance he might arm aga9/ himself1 & 0 liable1 )\t ceas+1 to witness conspiracies gr[ out ( ! resolutions :i* ?is ambigu\s affection produc$ among m54 ,9 ! meantime1 9 spite ( ideas s remote f our s5tim5ts & mann]s1 ?is practice 0 reg>d$ z v %ameful among ! ,greeks1 e "t x 0 exhibit$ )\t ! excuse ( fri5d%ip or political ties4 ,:5 ,philip ( ,mac$on saw ext5d$ on ! field ( battle ( ,*ronea1 ! soldi]s :o compos$ ! sacr$ battalion or b& ( fri5ds at ,!bes1 all kill$ 9 ! ranks 9 :i* !y _h combat$3 ,i w nev] believe1 he exclaim$1 t su* brave m5 h committ$ or suff]$ any?+ %ameful4 ,?is expression f a man himself soil$ ) ?is infamy furni%es an indisputable pro( ( ! g5]al op9ion ( ,greece4 ,at ,rome1 ?is op9ion 0 /ill /rong]4 ,_m ,greek h]oes1 reg>d$ z virtu\s m51 h be5 suppos$ addict$ to ! vice2 b among ! ,romans x 0 nev] attribut$ to any ( ^? *>act]s 9 :om great virtue 0 ackn[l$g$4 ,x only seems1 t ) ^! two nations no idea ( crime or ev5 di%onor 0 atta*$ to x unless c>ri$ to excess1 :i* r5d]s ev5 a passion = wom5 disgraceful4 ,p$]a/y is r>e among u1 & w\ld be unkn[n1 b = ! defects ( public education4 ,montesquieu pret5ds t x prevails 9 c]ta9 ,mahometan nations1 9 consequ5ce ( ! facility ( possess+ wom54 ,9 our op9ion1 = facility we %\ld read difficulty4 ,,luxury4 ,,section ,i4 ,9 a c\ntry :]e all ! inhabitants w5t b>e-foot$1 c\ld luxury be imput$ to ! fir/ man :o made a pair ( %oes = himself8 ,or r1 0 he n a man ( s5se & indu/ry8 ,is x n j ! same ) him :o procur$ ! fir/ %irt8 ,) respect to ! man :o _h x wa%$ & iron$1 ,i consid] him z an absolute g5ius1 abundant 9 res\rces1 & qualifi$ to gov]n a /ate4 ,^? h[ev] :o 7 n us$ to we> clean %irts1 consid]$ him z a ri*1 effem9ate coxcomb :o 0 likely to corrupt ! nation4 ,bew>e ( luxury1 said ,cato to ! ,romans2 y h conqu]$ ! prov9ce ( ,phasis1 b nev] eat any pheasants4 ,y h subjugat$ ! c\ntry 9 :i* cotton gr[s2 /ill h[ev] cont9ue to sleep on ! b>e gr\nd4 ,y h plund]$ ! gold1 & silv]1 & jewels ( innum]able nations1 b nev] become su* fools z to use !m4 ,aft] tak+ ev]y?+1 rema9 de/itute ( ev]y?+4 ,highway robb]s %\ld be virtu\s & free4 ,lucullus repli$1 ,y %\ld r wi%1 my good fri5d1 t ,crassus1 & ,pompey1 & ,cs>1 & myself %\ld sp5d all t we h tak5 9 luxury4 ,great robb]s mu/ fight ab\t ! division ( ! spoil2 b ,rome w inevitably be enslav$1 & x w be enslav$ by "o or o!r ( u mu* m spe$ily1 & mu* m securely1 if we place t value ^u money t y d1 ?an if we sp5d x 9 sup]fluities & pleasures4 ,wi% t ,pompey & ,cs> may s f> impov]i% !mselves z n to h money en\gh to pay ! armies4 ,n long s9ce a ,norwegian 0 upbraid+ a ,dut*man ) luxury4 ,:]e n[1 says he1 are ! happy times :5 a m]*ant1 quitt+ ,am/]dam = ! great ,indies1 left a qu>t] ( smok$ beef 9 8 kit*5 & f\nd x unt\*$ on 8 return8 ,:]e are y\r wood5 spoons & iron =ks8 ,is x n %ameful = a s5sible ,dut*man to sleep 9 a b$ ( damask8 ,g to ,batavia1 repli$ ! ,am/]damm]2 ga91 z ,i h done1 t5 tons ( gold2 & !n see if y h n "s incl9ation to be well clo!d1 well f$1 & well lodg$4 ,s9ce ?is conv]sation1 tw5ty volumes h be5 writt5 ab\t luxury1 & ^! books h nei!r increas$ nor dim9i%$ x4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,luxury has be5 declaim$ aga9/ = ! space ( two ?\s& ye>s1 bo? 9 v]se & prose2 & yet x has be5 always lik$4 ,:at has n be5 said ( ! ,romans8 ,:51 9 ! e>li] p]iods ( _! hi/ory1 ^! b&itti ravag$ & c>ri$ (f _! neighbor's h>ve/s2 :51 9 ord] to augm5t _! own wret*$ village1 !y de/roy$ ! poor villages ( ! ,volsci & ,samnites1 !y 71 we are told1 m5 dis9t]e/$ & virtu\s4 ,!y c\ld n z yet1 be x rememb]$1 c>ry away gold1 & silv]2 & jewels1 because ! t[ns :i* !y sack$ & plund]$ _h none2 nor did _! woods & swamps produce p>tridges or pheasants2 yet p1 =soo?1 extol _! temp]ance6 ,:51 by a succession ( viol5ces1 !y _h pillag$ & robb$ e c\ntry f ! recesses ( ! ,adriatic to ! ,euphrates1 & _h s5se en\gh to enjoy ! fruit ( _! rap9e2 :5 !y cultivat$ ! arts1 & ta/$ all ! pleasures ( life1 & communicat$ !m also to ! nations :i* !y conqu]$2 !n1 we are told1 !y ceas$ to be wise & good4 ,all su* declamations t5d j to prove ?is--t a robb] ought n to eat ! d9n] he has tak51 nor we> ! habit he has /ol51 nor ornam5t 8 f+] ) ! r+ he has plund]$ f ano!r4 ,all ?is1 x is said1 %\ld be ?r[n into ! riv]1 9 ord] to live l good p2 b h[ mu* bett] w\ld x be to say1 nev] rob--x is y\r duty n to rob8 ,condemn ! brig&s :5 !y plund]2 b d n treat !m z fools or madm5 = enjoy+ _! plund]4 ,aft] a numb] ( ,engli% sailors h obta9$ _! prize money = ! capture ( ,pondi*]ry1 or ,havana1 c !y be blam$ = pur*as+ a little pleasure 9 ,london1 9 return = ! labor & pa9 !y h suff]$ 9 ! uncong5ial climes ( ,asia or ,am]ica8 ,! declaim]s we h m5tion$ w\ld wi% m5 to bury ! ri*es t might be accumulat$ by ! =tune ( w>1 or by agriculture1 comm]ce1 & indu/ry 9 g5]al4 ,!y cite ,lac$mon2 :y d !y n also cite ! republic ( ,san ,m>9o8 ,:at b5efit did ,sp>ta d to ,greece8 ,_h %e ev] a ,demo/h5es1 a ,sophocles1 an ,apelles1 or a ,phidias8 ,! luxury ( ,a!ns =m$ great m5 ( e description4 ,sp>ta _h c]ta9ly "s great capta9s1 b ev5 ^! 9 a small] numb] ?an o!r cities4 ,b all[+ t a small republic l ,lac$mon may ma9ta9 its pov]ty1 m5 uni=mly die1 :e!r !y are 9 want ( ev]y?+1 or enjoy+ ! v>i\s means ( r5d]+ life agreeable4 ,! savage ( ,canada subsi/s & atta9s old age1 z well z ! ,engli% citiz5 :o has fifty ?\s& gu9eas a ye>4 ,b :o w ev] comp>e ! c\ntry ( ! ,iroquois to ,engl&8 ,let ! republic ( ,ragusa & ! canton ( ,zug enact sumptu>y laws2 !y are "r 9 s do+4 ,! poor mu/ n exp5d beyond _! means2 b ,i h some:]e read1 t if p>tially injuri\s1 luxury b5efits a great nation ^u ! :ole4 ,sa*ez surt\t que le luxe enri*it ,un gr& tat1 s'il en p]d un petit4 ,if by luxury y mean excess1 we "k t excess is univ]sally p]nici\s1 9 ab/95ce z well z gluttony1 9 p>simony or pr(usion4 ,i "k n h[ x has happ5$1 t 9 my own village1 :]e ! soil is poor & meagre1 ! impo/s heavy1 & ! prohibition aga9/ a man's export+ ! corn he has himself s[n & reap$1 intol]able1 !re is h>dly a s+le cultivator :o is n well clo!d1 & :o has n an ample supply ( w>m? & food4 ,%\ld ?is cultivator g to pl\gh 9 8 be/ clo!s & ) 8 hair dress$ & p[d]$1 !re w\ld 9 t case exi/ ! greate/ & mo/ absurd luxury2 b 7 a weal?y citiz5 ( ,p>is or ,london to appe> at ! play 9 ! dress ( ?is peasant1 he w\ld exhibit ! grosse/ & mo/ ridicul\s p>simony4 ,e/ modus 9 rebus1 sunt c]ti d5ique f9es1 ,quos ultra citraque nequit consi/]e rectum4 --,,horace1 i4 sat4 i4 v4 #ajf4 ,"s c]ta9 mean 9 all ?+s may be f\nd1 ,to m>k our virtues1 & our vices1 b\nd4 --,,francis4 ,on ! inv5tion ( scissors1 :i* are c]ta9ly n ( ! v highe/ antiquity1 :at 0 n said ( ^? :o p>$ _! nails & cut (f "s ( _! hair t 0 hang+ d[n ov] _! noses8 ,!y 7 und\bt$ly consid]$ z prodigals & coxcombs1 :o b\ght at an extravagant price an in/rum5t j calculat$ to spoil ! "w ( ! ,creator4 ,:at an enorm\s s9 to p>e ! horn :i* ,god ,himself made to gr[ at our f+]s' ends6 ,x 0 absolutely an insult to ! ,div9e ,be+ ,himself4 ,:5 %irts & socks 7 inv5t$1 x 0 f> worse4 ,x is well kn[n ) :at wra? & indignation ! old c\nsellors1 :o _h nev] worn socks1 exclaim$ aga9/ ! "y magi/rates :o enc\rag$ s dreadful & fatal a luxury4 ,,madness4 ,:at is madness8 ,to h errone\s p]ceptions1 & to reason correctly f !m8 ,let ! wise/ man1 if he w\ld und]/& madness1 att5d to ! succession ( 8 ideas :ile he dreams4 ,if he be tr\bl$ ) indige/ion dur+ ! night1 a ?\s& incoh]5t ideas torm5t him2 x seems z if nature puni%$ him = hav+ tak5 too mu* food1 or = hav+ injudici\sly select$ x1 by supply+ involunt>y conceptions2 = we ?9k b little dur+ sleep1 except :5 annoy$ by a bad dige/ion4 ,unquiet dreams are 9 reality a transi5t madness4 ,madness is a malady :i* necess>ily h9d]s a man f ?9k+ & act+ l o!r m54 ,n be+ able to manage prop]ty1 ! madman is )held f x2 incapable ( ideas suitable to society1 he is %ut out f x2 if he be dang]\s1 he is conf9$ altoge!r2 & if he be furi\s1 !y b9d him4 ,sometimes he is cur$ by ba?s1 by ble$+1 & by regim54 ,?is man is n1 h[ev]1 depriv$ ( ideas2 he frequ5tly possesses !m l o!r m51 & (t5 :5 he sleeps4 ,we might inquire h[ ! spiritual & immortal s\l1 lodg$ 9 8 bra91 receives all its ideas correctly & di/9ctly1 )\t ! capacity ( judgm5t4 ,x p]ceives objects1 z ! s\ls ( ,ari/otle1 ( ,plato1 ( ,locke1 & ( ,newton1 p]ceiv$ !m4 ,x he>s ! same s\nds1 & possesses ! same s5se ( feel+--h[ !re=e1 receiv+ impressions l ! wise/1 does ! s\l ( ! madman connect !m extravagantly1 & prove unable to disp]se !m8 ,if ?is simple & et]nal sub/ance enjoys ! same prop]ties z ! s\ls :i* are lodg$ 9 ! sage/ bra9s1 x ought to reason l !m4 ,:y does x n8 ,if my madman sees a ?+ r$1 :ile ! wise m5 see x blue2 if :5 my sages he> music1 my madman he>s ! bray+ ( an ass2 if :5 !y att5d a s]mon1 he imag9es himself to be li/5+ to a com$y2 if :5 !y und]/& yes1 he und]/&s no2 !n ,i conceive cle>ly t 8 s\l ought to ?9k contr>y to !irs4 ,b my madman hav+ ! same p]ceptions z !y h1 !re is no app>5t reason :y 8 s\l1 hav+ receiv$ all ! necess>y mat]ials1 _c make a prop] use ( !m4 ,x is pure1 !y say1 & subject to no infirmity2 behold x provid$ ) all ! necess>y assi/ance2 no?+ :i* passes 9 ! body c *ange its ess5ce2 yet x is %ut up 9 a close c>riage1 & convey$ to ,*>5ton4 ,?is reflection may lead u to suspect t ! faculty ( ?\ght1 be/[$ by ,god ^u man1 is subject to d]angem5t l ! o!r s5ses4 ,a madman is an invalid ^: bra9 is diseas$1 :ile ! g\ty man is "o :o suff]s 9 8 feet & h&s4 ,p ?9k by means ( ! bra91 & walk on _! feet1 )\t kn[+ any?+ ( ! s\rce ( ei!r ?is incompreh5sible p[] ( walk+1 or ! equally incompreh5sible p[] ( ?9k+2 besides1 ! g\t may be 9 ! head1 in/ead ( ! feet4 ,9 %ort1 aft] a ?\s& argum5ts1 fai? alone c conv9ce u ( ! possibility ( a simple & immat]ial sub/ance liable to disease4 ,! le>n$ may say to ! madman3 ,my fri5d1 al?\gh depriv$ ( common s5se1 ?y s\l is z pure1 z spiritual1 & z immortal1 z our own2 b our s\ls are happily lodg$1 & ?9e n s4 ,! w9d[s ( its dwell+ are clos$2 x wants air1 & is /ifl$4 ,! madman1 9 a lucid int]val1 w reply to !m3 ,my fri5ds1 y beg ! "q1 z usual4 ,my w9d[s are z wide op5 z y\r own1 s9ce ,i c p]ceive ! same objects & li/5 to ! same s\nds4 ,x necess>ily foll[s t my s\l makes a bad use ( my s5ses2 or t my s\l is a vitiat$ s5se1 a deprav$ faculty4 ,9 a ^w1 ei!r my s\l is itself diseas$1 or ,i h no s\l4 ,"o ( ! doctors may reply3 ,my bro!r1 ,god has possibly creat$ fooli% s\ls1 z well z wise ones4 ,! madman w answ]3 ,if ,i believ$ :at y say1 ,i %\ld be a /ill great] madman ?an ,i am4 ,h ! k9dness1 y :o "k s mu*1 to tell me :y ,i am mad8 ,suppos+ ! doctors to reta9 a little s5se1 !y w\ld say3 ,we "k no?+ ab\t ! matt]4 ,nei!r are !y m able to compreh5d h[ a bra9 possesses regul> ideas1 & makes a due use ( !m4 ,!y call !mselves sages1 & are z weak z _! pati5t4 ,if ! int]val ( reason ( ! madman la/s long en\gh1 he w say to !m3 ,mis]able mortals1 :o nei!r "k ! cause ( my malady1 nor h[ to cure x6 ,tremble1 le/ ye become altoge!r l me1 or ev5 /ill worse ?an ,i am6 ,y are n ( ! highe/ rank1 l ,*>les ,,vi4 ( ,france1 ,h5ry ,,vi4 ( ,engl&1 & ! ,g]man emp]or ,w9c5slaus1 :o all lo/ _! reason 9 ! same c5tury4 ,y h n ne>ly s mu* wit z ,blaise ,pascal1 ,james ,abadie1 or ,jona?an ,swift1 :o all became insane4 ,! la/ ( !m f\nd$ a hospital = u2 %all ,i g !re & reta9 places = y8 ,n4,b4 ,i regret t ,hippocrates %\ld h prescrib$ ! blood ( an ass's colt = madness2 & ,i am /ill m sorry t ! ,manuel des ,dames ass]ts t x may be cur$ by cat*+ ! it*4 ,pleasant prescriptions ^!1 & app>5tly inv5t$ by ^? :o 7 to take !m6 ,,magic4 ,magic is a m plausible sci5ce ?an a/rology & ! doctr9e ( g5ii4 ,z soon z we began to ?9k t !re 0 9 man a be+ q di/9ct f matt]1 & t ! und]/&+ exi/s aft] dea?1 we gave ?is und]/&+ a f9e1 subtile1 a]ial body1 resembl+ ! body 9 :i* x 0 lodg$4 ,two q natural reasons introduc$ ?is op9ion2 ! fir/ is1 t 9 all languages ! s\l 0 call$ _s1 brea?1 w9d4 ,?is _s1 ?is brea?1 ?is w9d1 0 !re=e v f9e & delicate4 ,! second is1 t if ! s\l ( a man _h n reta9$ a =m simil> to t :i* x possess$ dur+ its life1 we %\ld n h be5 able aft] dea? to di/+ui% ! s\l ( "o man f t ( ano!r4 ,?is s\l1 ?is %ade1 :i* exi/$1 sep>at$ f its body1 might v well %[ itself ^u occasion1 revisit ! place :i* x _h inhabit$1 its p>5ts & fri5ds1 speak to !m & in/ruct !m4 ,9 all ?is !re is no incompatibility4 ,z dep>t$ s\ls might v well tea* ^? :om !y came to visit ! secret ( conjur+ !m1 !y fail$ n to d s2 & ! ^w ,abraxa1 pron\nc$ ) "s c]emonies1 br\ght up s\ls ) :om he :o pron\nc$ x wi%$ to speak4 ,i suppose an ,egyptian say+ to a philosoph]3 ,i desc5d 9 a "r l9e f ! magicians ( ,ph>aoh1 :o *ang$ rods into s]p5ts1 & ! wat]s ( ! ,nile into blood2 "o ( my ance/ors m>ri$ ! wit* ( ,endor1 :o conjur$ up ! s\l ( ,samuel at ! reque/ ( ,saul2 %e communicat$ h] secrets to h] husb&1 :o made h] ! confidant ( 8 own2 ,i possess ?is inh]itance f my fa!r & "m2 my g5ealogy is well atte/$2 ,i comm& ! spirits & elem5ts4 ,! philosoph]1 9 reply1 w h no?+ to d b to dem& 8 protection2 = if dispos$ to d5y & dispute1 ! magician w %ut 8 m\? by say+3 ,y _c d5y ! facts2 my ance/ors h be5 inconte/ably great magicians1 & y d\bt x n2 y h no reason to believe t ,i am inf]ior to !m1 p>ticul>ly :5 a man ( honor l myself assures y t he is a sorc]]4 ,! philosoph]1 to be sure1 might say to him3 ,d me ! pleasure to conjure up a %ade2 all[ me to speak to a s\l2 *ange ?is wat] into blood1 & ?is rod into a s]p5t4 ,! magician w answ]3 ,i "w n = philosoph]s2 b ,i h %[n spirits to v respectable ladies1 & to simple p :o nev] dispute2 y %\ld at lea/ believe t x is v possible = me to h ^! secrets1 s9ce y are =c$ to confess t my ance/ors possess$ !m4 ,:at 0 done =m]ly c be done n[2 & y ought to believe 9 magic )\t my be+ oblig$ to ex]cise my art be=e y4 ,^! reasons are s good t all nations h _h sorc]]s4 ,! greate/ sorc]]s 7 paid by ! /ate1 9 ord] to discov] ! future cle>ly 9 ! he>t & liv] ( an ox4 ,:y1 !re=e1 h o!rs s long be5 puni%$ ) dea?8 ,!y h done m m>vell\s ?+s2 !y %\ld1 !re=e1 be m honor$2 above all1 _! p[] %\ld be fe>$4 ,no?+ is m ridicul\s ?an to condemn a true magician to be burn$2 = we %\ld presume t he c ext+ui% ! fire & twi/ ! necks ( 8 judges4 ,all t we c d is to say to him3 ,my fri5d1 we d n burn y z a true sorc]]1 b z a false "o2 y boa/ ( an admirable art :i* y possess n2 we treat y z a man :o utt]s false money2 ! m we love ! good1 ! m sev]ely we puni% ^? :o give u c\nt]feits2 we "k v well t !re 7 =m]ly v5]able conjurors1 b we h reason to believe t y are n "o1 s9ce y suff] y\rself to be burn$ l a fool4 ,x is true1 t ! magician s pu%$ might say3 ,my consci5ce ext5ds n s f> z to ext+ui% a pile )\t wat]1 & to kill my judges ) words4 ,i c only call up spirits1 read ! future1 & *ange c]ta9 sub/ances into o!rs2 my p[] is b\nd$2 b y %\ld n = t reason burn me at a sl[ fire4 ,x is z if y caus$ a physician to be hang$ :o c\ld cure fev]1 & n a p>alysis4 ,! judges might1 h[ev]1 /ill reasonably obs]ve3 ,%[ u !n "s secret ( y\r art1 or cons5t to be burn$ ) a good grace4 ,,malady--,,m$ic9e4 ,i w suppose t a fair pr9cess :o nev] he>d speak ( anatomy is ill ei!r f hav+ eat5 or danc$ too mu*1 or hav+ done too mu* ( :at sev]al pr9cesses occasionally d4 ,i suppose ! foll[+ controv]sy takes place3 ,,physician4 ,madam1 = y\r heal? to be good1 x is necess>y = y\r c]ebrum & c]ebellum to di/ribute a f9e1 well-condition$ m>r[1 9 ! sp9e ( y\r back d[n to y\r highness's rump2 & t ?is m>r[ %\ld equally animate fifte5 pairs ( n]ves1 ea* "r & left4 ,x is necess>y t y\r he>t %\ld contract & dilate itself ) a con/antly equal =ce2 & t all ! blood :i* x =ces into y\r art]ies %\ld circulate 9 all ^! art]ies & ve9s ab\t six hundr$ times a day4 ,?is blood1 9 circulat+ ) a rapidity :i* surpasses t ( ! ,rhone1 ought to dispose on its passage ( t :i* cont9ually =ms ! lymph1 ur9e1 bile1 etc41 ( y\r highness--( t :i* furni%es all ^! secretions1 :i* ins5sibly r5d] y\r sk9 s(t1 fre%1 & fair1 t )\t !m w\ld be yell[1 gray1 dry1 & %rivell$1 l old p>*m5t4 ,,pr9cess4 ,well1 sir1 ! k+ pays y to att5d to all ?is3 fail n to put all ?+s 9 _! place1 & to make my liquids circulate s t ,i may be com=table4 ,i w>n y t ,i w n suff] ) impunity4 ,,physician4 ,madam1 address y\r ord]s to ! ,au?or ( nature4 ,! sole p[] :i* made millions ( planets & comets to revolve r\nd millions ( suns has direct$ ! c\rse ( y\r blood4 ,,pr9cess4 ,:at6 are y a physician1 & c y prescribe no?+8 ,,physician4 ,no1 madam2 we c only take away f1 we c add no?+ to nature4 ,y\r s]vants clean y\r palace1 b ! ar*itect built x4 ,if y\r highness has eat5 gre$ily1 ,i c cleanse y\r entrails ) cassia1 manna1 & pods ( s5na2 x is a broom :i* ,i introduce to cleanse y\r inside4 ,if y h a canc]1 ,i mu/ cut (f y\r brea/1 b ,i _c give y ano!r4 ,h y a /one 9 y\r bladd]8 ,i c deliv] y f x4 ,i c cut (f a gangr5$ foot1 leav+ y to walk on ! o!r4 ,9 a ^w1 we physicians p]fectly resemble tee?draw]s1 :o extract a decay$ too?1 )\t ! p[] ( sub/itut+ a s\nd "o1 quacks z !y are4 ,,pr9cess4 ,y make me tremble2 ,i believ$ t physicians cur$ all maladies4 ,,physician4 ,we infallibly cure all ^? :i* cure !mselves4 ,x is g5]ally1 & ) v few exceptions1 ) int]nal maladies z ) ext]nal w\nds4 ,nature alone cures ^? :i* are n mortal4 ,^? :i* are s w f9d no res\rce 9 x4 ,,pr9cess4 ,:at6 all ^! secrets = purify+ ! blood1 ( :i* my ladies h spok5 to me2 ?is ,baume de ,vie ( ! ,sieur de ,lievre2 ^! packets ( ! ,sieur ,arnauld2 all ^! pills s mu* prais$ by femmes de *ambre-- ,,physician4 ,are s _m inv5tions to get money1 & to flatt] pati5ts1 :ile nature alone acts4 ,,pr9cess4 ,b !re are specifics8 ,,physician4 ,yes1 madam1 l ! wat] ( y\? 9 romances4 ,,pr9cess4 ,9 :at1 !n1 consi/s m$ic9e8 ,,physician4 ,i h already told y1 9 clean+ & keep+ 9 ord] ! h\se :i* we _c rebuild4 ,,pr9cess4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 salut>y ?+s1 & o!rs hurtful8 ,,physician4 ,y h guess$ all ! secret4 ,eat mod]ately t :i* y "k by exp]i5ce w agree ) y4 ,no?+ is good = ! body b :at is easily dige/$4 ,:at m$ic9e w be/ assi/ dige/ion8 ,ex]cise4 ,:at be/ recruit y\r /r5g?8 ,sleep4 ,:at w dim9i% incurable ills8 ,pati5ce4 ,:at *ange a bad con/itution8 ,no?+4 ,9 all viol5t maladies1 we h only ! recipe ( ,molire1 seipn>e1 purg>e2 &1 if we w1 cli/]ium don>e4 ,!re is n a f\r?4 ,all1 ,i h told y am\nts only to keep+ a h\se 9 ord]1 to :i* we _c add a peg4 ,all art consi/s 9 adaptation4 ,,pr9cess4 ,y puff n y\r m]*&ise4 ,y are an hone/ man4 ,:5 ,i am que51 ,i w make y my fir/ physician4 ,,physician4 ,let nature be y\r fir/ physician4 ,x is %e :o made all4 ,( ^? :o h liv$ beyond a hundr$ ye>s1 none 7 ( ! faculty4 ,! k+ ( ,france has already buri$ =ty ( 8 physicians1 z _m *ief physicians1 besides physicians ( ! e/abli%m5t1 & o!rs4 ,,pr9cess4 ,&1 truly1 ,i hope to bury y also4 ,,man4 ,to "k ! natural philosophy ( ! human race1 x is necess>y to read works ( anatomy1 or r to g ?r\gh a c\rse ( anatomy4 ,to be acqua9t$ ) ! man we call moral1 x is above all necess>y to h liv$ & reflect$4 ,are n all moral works conta9$ 9 ^! words ( ,job8 ,man t is born ( a woman ha? b a few days to live1 & is full ( tr\ble4 ,he come? =? l a fl[]1 & is cut d[n3 he flee? z a %ad[1 & cont9ue? n4 ,we h already se5 t ! human race has n above two-&-tw5ty ye>s to live1 reckon+ ^? :o die at _! nurses' brea/s1 & ^? :o = a hundr$ ye>s drag on ! rema9s ( a mis]able & imbecile life4 ,x is a f9e apologue1 t anci5t fable ( ! fir/ man :o 0 at fir/ de/9$ to live tw5ty ye>s at mo/1 & :o r$uc$ x to five ye>s by e/imat+ "o life ) ano!r4 ,! man 0 9 despair1 & _h ne> him a cat]pill>1 a butt]fly1 a peacock1 a horse1 a fox1 & an ape4 ,prolong my life1 said he to ,jupit]2 ,i am m wor?y ?an ^! animals2 x is j t ,i & my family %\ld live long to comm& all bea/s4 ,will+ly1 said ,jupit]2 b ,i h only a c]ta9 numb] ( days to divide among ! :ole ( ! be+s to :om ,i h grant$ life4 ,i c only give to !e by tak+ away f o!rs2 = imag9e n1 t because ,i am ,jupit]1 ,i am inf9ite & all-p[]ful2 ,i h my nature & my limits4 ,n[ ,i w grant !e "s ye>s m1 by tak+ !m f ^! six animals1 ( :i* ?\ art jeal\s1 on condition t ?\ %alt successively assume _! mann] ( liv+4 ,man %all fir/ be a cat]pill>1 dragg+ himself along 9 8 e>lie/ infancy4 ,until fifte51 he %all h ! lightness ( a butt]fly2 9 8 y\?1 ! vanity ( a peacock4 ,9 manhood he mu/ und]go ! labors ( a horse4 ,t[>ds fifty1 he %all h ! tricks ( a fox2 & 9 8 old age1 be ugly & ridicul\s l an ape4 ,?is1 9 g5]al1 is ! de/9y ( man4 ,rem>k fur!r1 t not)/&+ ^! b\nties ( ,jupit]1 ! animal man has /ill b two or ?ree & tw5ty ye>s to live1 at mo/4 ,tak+ mank9d 9 g5]al1 ( ?is a ?ird mu/ be tak5 away = sleep1 dur+ :i* we are 9 a c]ta9 s5se dead2 ?us !re rema9 fifte51 & f ^! fifte5 we mu/ take at lea/ eight = our fir/ infancy1 :i* is1 z x has be5 call$1 ! ve/ibule ( life4 ,! cle> product w be sev5 ye>s1 & ( ^! sev5 ye>s ! half at lea/ is consum$ 9 grief ( all k9ds4 ,take ?ree ye>s & a half = labor1 fatigue1 & dissatisfaction1 & we %all h none rema9+4 ,well1 poor animal1 w y /ill be pr\d8 ,un=tunately1 9 ?is fable ,jupit] =got to dress ?is animal z he clo!d ! ass1 horse1 peacock1 & ev5 ! cat]pill>4 ,man _h only 8 b>e sk91 :i*1 cont9ually expos$ to ! sun1 ra91 & hail1 became *app$1 tann$1 & spott$4 ,! male 9 our cont95t 0 disfigur$ by sp>e hairs on 8 body1 :i* r5d]$ him frightful )\t cov]+ him4 ,8 face 0 hidd5 by ^! hairs4 ,8 sk9 became a r\gh soil :i* bore a =e/ ( /alks1 ! roots ( :i* t5d$ upw>ds1 & ! bran*es ( :i* grew d[nw>ds4 ,x 0 9 ?is /ate & 9 ?is image1 t ?is animal v5tur$ to pa9t ,god1 :5 9 c\rse ( "t he le>n$ ! art ( description4 ,! female be+ m weak1 became /ill m disgu/+ & frightful 9 h] old age2 &1 9 %ort1 )\t tailors1 & mantua-mak]s1 "o-half ( mank9d w\ld nev] h d>$ to %[ itself to ! o!r4 ,yet1 be=e hav+ clo!s1 be=e ev5 kn[+ h[ to speak1 "s ages mu/ h pass$ away--a tru? :i* has be5 prov$1 b :i* mu/ be (t5 repeat$4 ,x is a little extraord9>y t we %\ld h h>ass$ an innoc5t1 e/imable man ( our "t1 ! good ,helvetius1 = hav+ said t if m5 _h n h&s1 !y c\ld n build h\ses & "w tape/ry4 ,app>5tly1 ^? :o h condemn$ ?is proposition1 h discov]$ a secret = cutt+ /ones & wood1 & work+ at ! ne$le ) _! feet4 ,i lik$ ! au?or ( ! "w ,on ,m9d4 ,?is man 0 wor? m ?an all 8 enemies toge!r2 b ,i nev] approv$ ei!r ! errors ( 8 book1 or ! trivial tru?s :i* he s emphatically en=c$4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 boldly tak5 8 "p :5 absurd m5 h condemn$ him = ^! same tru?s4 ,i h no t]ms to express ! excess ( my contempt = ^? :o1 = example's sake1 w\ld magi/]ially proscribe ?is passage3 ,! ,turks c only be consid]$ dei/s4 ,h[ !n1 p$ant6 w\ld y h !m reg>d$ z a!i/s1 because !y adore only "o ,god6 ,y condemn ?is o!r proposition3 ,! man ( s5se kn[s t m5 are :at !y mu/ be2 t all hatr$ aga9/ !m is unju/2 t a fool commits fool]ies z a wild /ock be>s bitt] fruits4 ,s1 crabb$ /ocks ( ! s*ools1 y p]secute a man because he hates y n6 ,let u1 h[ev]1 leave ! s*ools1 & pursue our subject4 ,reason1 indu/ri\s h&s1 a head capable ( g5]aliz+ ideas1 a language pliant en\gh to express !m--^! are great b5efits grant$ by ! ,supreme ,be+ to man1 to ! exclusion ( o!r animals4 ,! male 9 g5]al lives r a %ort] "t ?an ! female4 ,he is also g5]ally l>g] 9 proportion4 ,a man ( ! l(tie/ /ature is commonly two or ?ree in*es high] ?an ! talle/ woman4 ,8 /r5g? is almo/ always sup]ior2 he is m active2 & hav+ all 8 organs /rong]1 he is m capable ( a fix$ att5tion4 ,all arts h be5 inv5t$ by him1 & n by woman4 ,we %\ld rem>k1 t x is n ! fire ( imag9ation1 b p]sev]+ m$itation & comb9ation ( ideas :i* h inv5t$ arts1 z me*anics1 gunp[d]1 pr9t+1 diall+1 etc4 ,man alone kn[s t he mu/ die1 & kn[s x only by exp]i5ce4 ,a *ild br\ght up alone1 & transport$ into a des]t isl&1 w\ld dream ( dea? no m ?an a plant or a cat4 ,a s+ul> man has writt5 t ! human body is a fruit1 :i* is gre5 until old age1 & t ! mom5t ( dea? is t ( maturity4 ,a /range maturity1 a%es & putrefaction6 ,! head ( ?is philosoph] 0 n ripe4 ,h[ _m extravagances has ! rage = tell+ novelties produc$8 ,! pr9cipal occupations ( our race are ! provision ( food1 lodg+1 & clo?+2 all ! re/ are ne>ly accessory2 & x is ?is poor accessory :i* has produc$ s _m ravages & murd]s4 ,diff]5t ,races ,( ,m54 ,we h else:]e se5 h[ _m diff]5t races ( m5 ?is globe conta9s1 & to :at degrees ! fir/ negro & ! fir/ :ite :o met 7 a/oni%$ at "o ano!r4 ,x is likely en\gh t sev]al weakly species ( m5 & animals h p]i%$4 ,x is ?us t we no long] discov] any ( ! murex1 ( :i* ! species has probably be5 dev\r$ by o!r animals :o sev]al ages aft] visit$ ! %ores inhabit$ by ?is little %ellfi%4 ,/4 ,j]ome1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,fa!r ( ! ,des]t1 speaks ( a c5taur :o _h a conv]sation ) ,/4 ,an?ony ! h]mit4 ,he aft]w>ds gives an acc\nt ( a mu* long] disc\rse t ! same ,an?ony _h ) a satyr4 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 9 8 ?irty-?ird s]mon1 address$ ,to 8 ,bro!rs 9 ! ,des]t1 tell ?+s z extraord9>y z ,j]ome4 ,i 0 already bi%op ( ,hippo1 :5 ,i w5t into ,e?iopia ) "s s]vants ( ,*ri/1 !re to prea* ! gospel4 ,9 ?is c\ntry we saw _m m5 & wom5 )\t heads1 :o _h two great eyes 9 _! brea/s4 ,9 c\ntries /ill m s\!rly1 we saw a p :o _h b "o eye 9 _! =eheads1 etc4 ,app>5tly1 ,augu/9e & ,j]ome !n spoke ) economy2 !y augm5t$ ! works ( creation to raise great] admiration ( ! works ( ,god4 ,!y s\ght to a/oni% m5 by fables1 to r5d] !m m submissive to ! yoke ( fai?4 ,we c be v good ,*ri/ians )\t believ+ 9 c5taurs1 m5 )\t heads1 or ) only "o eye1 "o leg1 etc4 ,b c we d\bt t ! int]ior /ructure ( a negro may be diff]5t to t ( a :ite1 s9ce ! muc\s nett$ membrane b5ea? ! sk9 is :ite 9 ! "o1 & black 9 ! o!r8 ,i h already told y s1 b y are deaf4 ,! ,alb9os & ! ,d>ians--! fir/ orig9ally ( ,africa1 & ! second ( ! middle ( ,am]ica--are z diff]5t f u z f ! negroes4 ,!re are yell[1 r$1 & gray races4 ,we h already se5 t all ! ,am]icans are )\t be>ds or hair on _! bodies1 except ! head & eyebr[s4 ,all are equally m51 b only z a fir1 an oak1 & a pe> tree are equally trees2 ! pe> tree comes n f ! fir1 nor ! fir f ! oak4 ,b :5ce comes x1 t 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,pacific ,ocean1 9 an isl& nam$ ,otaheite1 ! m5 are be>d$8 ,x is to ask :y we are s1 :ile ! ,p]uvians1 ,mexicans1 & ,canadians are n4 ,x is to ask1 :y apes h tails1 & :y nature has refus$ u an ornam5t :i*1 at lea/ among u1 is an extreme r>ity4 ,! incl9ations & *>act]s ( m5 diff] z mu* z _! climates & gov]nm5ts4 ,x has nev] be5 possible to compose a regim5t ( ,lapl&]s & ,samoy$s1 :il/ ! ,sib]ians1 _! neighbors1 become intrepid soldi]s4 ,nei!r c y make good gr5adi]s ( a poor ,d>ian or an ,alb9o4 ,x is n because !y h p>tridge eyes1 or t _! hair & eyebr[s are l ! f9e/ & :ite/ silk2 b x is because _! bodies1 & consequ5tly _! c\rage1 p>take ( ! mo/ extreme weakness4 ,!re is none b a bl9d man1 & ev5 an ob/9ate bl9d man1 :o c d5y ! exi/5ce ( all ^! diff]5t species4 ,x is z great & rem>kable z t ( apes4 ,t ,all ,races ,( ,m5 ,h ,con/antly ,liv$ ,9 ,society4 ,all ! m5 :om we h discov]$ 9 ! mo/ uncultivat$ & frightful c\ntries h]d toge!r l beav]s1 ants1 bees1 & sev]al o!r species ( animals4 ,we h nev] se5 c\ntries 9 :i* !y liv$ sep>ate2 or 9 :i* ! male only jo9$ ) ! female by *ance1 & ab&on$ h] ! mom5t aft] 9 disgu/2 or 9 :i* ! "m e/rang$ h]self f h] *ildr51 aft] hav+ br\ght !m up2 or 9 :i* human be+s liv$ )\t family & society4 ,"s poor je/]s h abus$ _! und]/&+s s f> z to haz>d ! a/oni%+ p>adox1 t man is orig9ally creat$ to live alone1 & t x is society :i* has deprav$ 8 nature4 ,!y might z well say t h]r+s 7 creat$ to swim alone 9 ! sea2 & t x is by an excess ( corruption1 t !y pass 9 a troop f ! ,froz5 ,ocean to our %ores2 t =m]ly cranes flew 9 ! air s+ly1 & t1 by a violation ( _! natural in/9ct1 !y h subsequ5tly *os5 to travel 9 company4 ,e animal has its in/9ct1 & ! in/9ct ( man1 =tifi$ by reason1 disposes him t[>ds society1 z t[>ds eat+ & dr9k+4 ,s f> f ! want ( society hav+ degrad$ man1 x is e/rangem5t f society :i* degrades him4 ,:oev] liv$ absolutely alone1 w\ld soon lose ! faculty ( ?9k+ & express+ himself2 he w\ld be a burd5 to himself1 & x w\ld only rema9 to metamorphose him into a bea/4 ,an excess ( p[]less pride1 :i* rises up aga9/ ! pride ( o!rs1 may induce a melan*oly man to fly f 8 fell[s2 b x is a species ( depravity1 & puni%es itself4 ,t pride is its own puni%m5t1 :i* frets itself into solitude & secretly res5ts be+ despis$ & =gott54 ,x is endur+ ! mo/ horrible slav]y1 9 ord] to be free4 ,we h enl>g$ ! b\nds ( ord9>y folly s f> z to say t x is n natural = a man to be atta*$ to a woman dur+ ! n9e mon?s ( h] pregnancy4 ,! appetite is satisfi$1 says ! au?or ( ^! p>adoxes2 ! man has no long] any want ( woman1 nor ! woman ( man2 & ! latt] ne$ n h ! lea/ c>e1 nor p]haps ! lea/ idea ( ! effects ( ! transi5t int]c\rse4 ,!y g diff]5t ways1 & !re is no appe>ance1 until ! end ( n9e mon?s1 t !y h ev] be5 kn[n to "o ano!r4 ,:y %\ld he help h] aft] h] deliv]y8 ,:y assi/ to br+ up a *ild :om he _c in/9ctively "k belongs to him alone8 ,all ?is is execrable2 b happily no?+ is m false4 ,if ?is b>b>\s indiff]5ce 0 ! true in/9ct ( nature1 mank9d w\ld always h act$ ?us4 ,in/9ct is un*angeable1 its inconsi/5cies are v r>e2 ! fa!r w\ld always ab&on ! "m1 & ! "m w\ld ab&on h] *ild4 ,!re w\ld h be5 mu* few] m5 on e>? ?an voraci\s animals2 = ! wild bea/s bett] provid$ & bett] arm$1 h a m prompt in/9ct1 m sure means ( liv+1 & a m c]ta9 n\ri%m5t ?an mank9d4 ,our nature is v diff]5t f ! frightful romance :i* ?is man1 possess$ ( ! devil1 has made ( x4 ,except "s b>b>\s s\ls entirely bruti%1 or p]haps a philosoph] m brutal /ill1 ! r\ghe/ man1 by a prevail+ in/9ct1 loves ! *ild :i* is n yet born1 ! womb :i* be>s x2 & ! "m r$\bles h] love = him f :om %e has receiv$ ! g]m ( a be+ simil> to himself4 ,! in/9ct ( ! colli]s ( ! ,black ,=e/ speaks to !m z l\dly1 & animates !m z /rongly 9 favor ( _! *ildr5 z ! in/9ct ( pigeons & night+ales induces !m to fe$ _! little ones4 ,"t has !re=e be5 sadly lo/ 9 writ+ ^! abom9able absurdities4 ,! great fault ( all ^! p>adoxical books lies 9 always suppos+ nature v diff]5t f :at x is4 ,if ! satires on man & woman writt5 by ,boileau 7 n pleasantries1 !y w\ld s9 9 ! ess5tial po9t ( suppos+ all m5 fools & all wom5 coquettes4 ,! same au?or1 an enemy to society1 l ! fox )\t a tail :o w\ld h 8 companions cut (f !irs1 ?us 9 a magi/]ial /yle expresses himself3 ,! fir/ :o1 hav+ enclos$ an e/ate1 took ^u himself to say3 ',?is is m9e1' & f\nd p simple en\gh to believe him1 0 ! true f\nd] ( society4 ,:at crimes1 w>s1 murd]s1 mis]ies1 & horrors1 might h be5 sp>$ to mank9d if "s "o1 seiz+ ! /akes1 or fill+ up ! pit1 _h cri$ to 8 companions3 ',take c>e h[ y li/5 to ?is impo/or2 y are lo/ if y =get t ! fruits are common to all1 & t ! e>? belongs to nobody6' ,?us1 accord+ to ?is f9e philosoph]1 a ?ief1 a de/roy]1 w\ld h be5 ! b5efactor ( mank9d1 & we %\ld puni% an hone/ man :o says to 8 *ildr53 ,let u imitate our neighbor2 he has enclos$ 8 field1 ! bea/s w no long] ravage x1 8 l& w become m f]tile2 let u "w ours z he has labor$ 82 x w aid u1 & we %all improve x4 ,ea* family cultivat+ its own enclosure1 we %all be bett] f$1 m heal?y1 m peaceable1 & less unhappy4 ,we w endeavor to e/abli% a di/ributive ju/ice1 :i* w console our unhappy race2 & we %all be rais$ above ! foxes & polecats1 to :om ?is babbl] w\ld comp>e u4 ,w\ld n ?is disc\rse be m s5sible & hone/ ?an t ( ! savage fool :o w\ld de/roy ! good man's or*>d8 ,:at philosophy !re=e is t :i* says ?+s t common s5se disclaims f ,*9a to ,canada8 ,is x n t ( a begg>1 :o w\ld h all ! ri* robb$ by ! poor1 9 ord] t frat]nal union might be bett] e/abli%$ among m58 ,x is true1 t if all ! h$ges1 =e/s1 & pla9s 7 cov]$ ) :olesome & delici\s fruits1 x w\ld be impossible1 unju/1 & ridicul\s1 to gu>d !m4 ,if !re are any isl&s 9 :i* nature produces food & all necess>ies )\t tr\ble1 let u g & live !re1 f> f ! tra% ( our laws2 b z soon z y h peopl$ !m1 we mu/ return to meum & tuum1 & to laws :i* are (t5 v bad1 b :i* we _c rationally aboli%4 ,is ,man ,born ,wick$8 ,is x n demon/rat$ t man is n born p]v]se & ! *ild ( ! devil8 ,if su* 0 8 nature1 he w\ld commit enorm\s crimes & b>b>ities z soon z he c\ld walk2 he w\ld use ! fir/ knife he c\ld f9d1 to w\nd :oev] displeas$ him4 ,he w\ld necess>ily resemble little wolves & foxes1 :o bite z soon z !y c4 ,on ! contr>y1 ?r\gh\t ! _w1 he p>takes ( ! nature ( ! lamb1 :ile he is an infant4 ,:y1 !re=e1 & h[ is x1 t he s (t5 becomes a wolf & fox8 ,is x n t1 be+ born nei!r good nor wick$1 education1 example1 ! gov]nm5t into :i* he is ?r[n--9 %ort1 occasion ( e k9d--det]m9es him to virtue or vice8 ,p]haps human nature c\ld n be o!rwise4 ,man c\ld n always h false ?\ghts1 nor always true affections2 be always sweet1 or always cruel4 ,x is demon/rable t woman is elevat$ beyond m5 9 ! scale ( goodness4 ,we see a hundr$ bro!rs enemies to ea* o!r1 to "o ,clytemne/ra4 ,!re are pr(essions :i* necess>ily r5d] ! s\l pitiless--^? ( ! soldi]1 ! but*]1 ! (fic] ( ju/ice1 & ! jail]2 & all trades :i* are f\nd$ on ! annoyance ( o!rs4 ,! (fic]1 ! soldi]1 ! jail]1 = example1 are only happy 9 mak+ o!rs mis]able4 ,x is true1 !y are necess>y aga9/ malefactors1 & s f> useful to society2 b ( a ?\s& m5 ( ! k9d1 !re is n "o :o acts f ! motive ( ! public good1 or :o ev5 reflects t x is a public good4 ,x is above all a curi\s ?+ to he> !m speak ( _! pr[ess z !y c\nt ! numb] ( _! victims2 _! sn>es to entrap !m1 ! ills :i* !y h made !m suff]1 & ! money :i* !y h got by x4 ,:oev] has be5 able to desc5d to ! subalt]n detail ( ! b>2 :oev] has only he>d lawye>s reason famili>ly among !mselves1 & applaud !mselves = ! mis]ies ( _! cli5ts1 mu/ h a v poor op9ion ( human nature4 ,!re are m frightful possessions /ill1 :i* are1 h[ev]1 canvass$ = l a canon%ip4 ,!re are "s :i* *ange an hone/ man into a rogue1 & :i* accu/om him to lie 9 spite ( himself1 to deceive almo/ )\t p]ceiv+ x1 to put a bl9d be=e ! eyes ( o!rs1 to pro/rate himself by ! int]e/ & vanity ( 8 situation1 & )\t remorse to plunge mank9d into /upid bl9dness4 ,wom51 incessantly occupi$ ) ! education ( _! *ildr51 & %ut up 9 _! dome/ic c>es1 are exclud$ f all ^! pr(essions1 :i* p]v]t human nature & r5d] x atroci\s4 ,!y are ev]y:]e less b>b>\s ?an m54 ,physics jo9 ) morals to prev5t !m f great crimes2 _! blood is mild]2 !y are less addict$ to /rong liquors1 :i* inspire f]ocity4 ,an evid5t pro( is1 t ( a ?\s& victims ( ju/ice 9 a ?\s& execut$ assass9s1 we sc>cely reckon f\r wom54 ,x is also prov$ else:]e1 ,i believe1 t 9 ,asia !re are n two examples ( wom5 condemn$ to a public puni%m5t4 ,x appe>s1 !re=e1 t our cu/oms & habits h r5d]$ ! male species v wick$4 ,if ?is tru? 0 g5]al & )\t exceptions1 ! species w\ld be m horrible ?an spid]s1 wolves1 & polecats are to our eyes4 ,b happily1 pr(essions :i* h>d5 ! he>t & fill x ) odi\s passions1 are v r>e4 ,obs]ve1 t 9 a nation ( tw5ty millions1 !re are at mo/ two hundr$ ?\s& soldi]s4 ,?is is b "o soldi] to two hundr$ individuals4 ,^! two hundr$ ?\s& soldi]s are held 9 ! mo/ sev]e discipl9e1 & !re are among !m v hone/ p1 :o return to _! villages & f9i% _! old age z good fa!rs & husb&s4 ,! numb] ( o!r trades :i* are dang]\s to mann]s1 is b small4 ,labor]s1 artisans1 & arti/s are too mu* occupi$ (t5 to deliv] !mselves up to crime4 ,! e>? w always be> dete/able wret*es1 & books w always exagg]ate ! numb]1 :i*1 r ?an be+ great]1 is less ?an we say4 ,if mank9d _h be5 "u ! empire ( ! devil1 !re w\ld be no long] any p]son ^u e>?4 ,let u console ourselves3 we h se51 & we %all always see1 f9e m9ds f ,pek9 to la ,ro*elle2 & :atev] lic5tiates & ba*elors may say1 ! ,tituses1 ,trajans1 ,anton9uses1 & ,pet] ,bayles 7 v hone/ m54 ,( ,man ,9 ,! ,/ate ,( ,pure ,nature4 ,:at w\ld man be 9 ! /ate :i* we call t ( pure nature8 ,an animal mu* bel[ ! fir/ ,iroquois :om we f\nd 9 ! nor? ( ,am]ica4 ,he w\ld be v inf]ior to ^! ,iroquois1 s9ce !y knew h[ to light fires & make arr[s4 ,he w\ld require ages to arrive at ^! two arts4 ,man1 ab&on$ to pure nature1 w\ld h1 = 8 language1 only a few in>ticulate s\nds2 ! species w\ld be r$uc$ to a v small numb]1 f ! difficulty ( gett+ n\ri%m5t & ! want ( help1 at lea/ 9 our h>% climates4 ,he w\ld h no m k ( ,god & ! s\l1 ?an ( ma!matics2 ^! ideas w\ld be lo/ 9 ! c>e ( procur+ food4 ,! race ( beav]s w\ld be inf9itely pref]able4 ,man w\ld !n be only precisely l a robu/ *ild2 & we h se5 _m m5 :o are n mu* above t /ate1 z x is4 ,! ,lapl&]s1 ! ,samoy$s1 ! inhabitants ( ,kam*atka1 ! ,kaffirs1 & ,hott5tots are--) respect to man 9 a /ate ( pure nature--t :i* ! c\rts ( ,cyrus & ,semiramis 7 9 comp>ison ) ! inhabitants ( ! ,cv5nes4 ,yet ! inhabitants ( ,kam*atka & ! ,hott5tots ( our days1 s sup]ior to m5 entirely savage1 are animals :o live six mon?s ( ! ye> 9 cav]ns1 :]e !y eat ! v]m9 by :i* !y are eat54 ,9 g5]al1 mank9d is n above two or ?ree degrees m civiliz$ ?an ! ,kam*atkans4 ,! multitude ( brute bea/s call$ m51 comp>$ ) ! little numb] ( ^? :o ?9k1 is at lea/ 9 ! proportion ( a hundr$ to "o 9 _m nations4 ,x is pleasant to contemplate on "o side1 ,fa!r ,malebran*e1 :o treats famili>ly ( ! ,^w2 & on ! o!r1 ^! millions ( animals simil> to him1 :o h nev] he>d speak ( ! ,^w1 & :o h n "o metaphysical idea4 ,betwe5 m5 ( pure in/9ct & m5 ( g5ius floats ?is imm5se numb] occupi$ solely ) subsi/+4 ,?is subsi/5ce co/s u s mu* pa9s1 t 9 ! nor? ( ,am]ica an image ( ,god (t5 runs five or six leagues to get a d9n]2 :il/ among u ! image ( ,god b$ews ! gr\nd ) ! sweat ( 8 br[1 9 ord] to procure bread4 ,add to ?is bread--or ! equival5t--a hut1 & a poor dress1 & y w h man su* z he is 9 g5]al1 f "o end ( ! univ]se to ! o!r3 & x is only 9 a multitude ( ages t he has be5 able to arrive at ?is high degree ( atta9m5t4 ,f9ally1 aft] o!r ages1 ?+s got to ! po9t at :i* we see !m4 ,"h we repres5t a trag$y 9 music2 !re we kill "o ano!r on ! high seas ( ano!r hemisph]e1 ) a ?\s& pieces ( cannon4 ,! op]a & a %ip ( w> ( ! fir/ rank always a/oni% my imag9ation4 ,i d\bt :e!r !y c be c>ri$ mu* f>!r 9 any ( ! globes ) :i* ! heav5s are /udd$4 ,m ?an half ! habitable _w1 h[ev]1 is /ill peopl$ ) two-foot$ animals1 :o live 9 ! horrible /ate approa*+ to pure nature1 exi/+ & clo?+ !mselves ) difficulty1 sc>cely enjoy+ ! gift ( spee*1 sc>cely p]ceiv+ t !y are un=tunate1 & liv+ & dy+ almo/ )\t kn[+ x4 ,exam9ation ,( ,a ,?\ght ,( ,pascal ,on ,man4 ,i c conceive a man )\t h&s or feet1 & ,i c\ld ev5 conceive him )\t a head1 if exp]i5ce taught me n t x is ) ! head he ?9ks4 ,x is !re=e ?\ght :i* makes ! be+ ( man1 )\t :i* we _c conceive him4--7,?\ghts ( ,pascal47 ,h[6 conceive a man1 )\t feet1 h&s1 & head8 ,?is w\ld be z diff]5t a ?+ f a man z a g\rd4 ,if all m5 7 )\t heads1 h[ c\ld y\rs conceive t !re are animals l y\rselves1 s9ce !y w\ld h no?+ ( :at pr9cipally con/itutes y\r be+8 ,a head is some?+2 ! five s5ses are conta9$ 9 x1 & ?\ght also4 ,an animal1 :i* f ! nape ( its neck d[nw>ds might resemble a man1 or "o ( ^? apes :i* we call ourang-outang or ! man ( ! woods1 w\ld no m be a man ?an an ape or a be> ^: head & tail 7 cut (f4 ,x is !re=e ?\ght :i* makes ! be+ ( a man4 ,9 ?is case1 ?\ght w\ld be 8 ess5ce1 z ext5t & solidity are ! ess5ce ( matt]4 ,man w\ld ?9k ess5tially & always1 z matt] is always ext5d$ & solid4 ,he w\ld ?9k 9 a pr(\nd sleep )\t dreams1 9 a fit1 9 a le?>gy1 9 ! womb ( 8 "m4 ,i well "k t ,i nev] ?\ght 9 any ( ^! /ates2 ,i confess x (t52 & ,i d\bt n t o!rs are l myself4 ,if ?\ght 0 z ess5tial to man z ext5t is to matt]1 x w\ld foll[ t ,god _c deprive ?is animal ( und]/&+1 s9ce he _c deprive matt] ( ext5t--= !n x w\ld be no long] matt]4 ,n[1 if und]/&+ be ess5tial to man1 he is a ?9k+ be+ by nature1 z ,god is ,god by nature4 ,if desir\s to def9e ,god1 z su* poor be+s z ourselves c def9e ,him1 ,i %\ld say1 t ?\ght is ,8 be+1 ,8 ess5ce2 b z to man--6 ,we h ! faculties ( ?9k+1 walk+1 talk+1 eat+1 & sleep+1 b we d n always use ^! faculties1 x is n 9 our nature4 ,?\ght1 ) u1 is x n an attribute8 & s mu* an attribute t x is sometimes weak1 sometimes /rong1 sometimes reasonable1 & sometimes extravagant8 ,x hides itself1 %[s itself1 flies1 returns1 is no?+1 is reproduc$4 ,ess5ce is q ano!r ?+2 x nev] v>ies2 x kn[s no?+ ( m or less4 ,:at1 !re=e1 w\ld be ! animal suppos$ by ,pascal8 ,a be+ ( reason4 ,he might j z well h suppos$ a tree to :i* ,god might h giv5 ?\ght1 z x is said t ! gods grant$ voices to ! trees ( ,dodona4 ,op]ation ,( ,god ,on ,man4 ,p :o h f\nd$ sy/ems on ! communication ( ,god ) man h said t ,god acts directly physically on man 9 c]ta9 cases only1 :5 ,god grants c]ta9 p>ticul> gifts2 & !y h call$ ?is action physical premotion4 ,diocles & ,erophiles1 ^? two great en?usia/s1 ma9ta9 ?is op9ion1 & h p>tisans4 ,n[ we recognize a ,god q z well z ^! p1 because we _c conceive t any "o ( ! be+s :i* surr\nd u c\ld be produc$ ( itself4 ,by ! fact alone t some?+ exi/s1 ! necess>y ,et]nal ,be+ mu/ be necess>ily ! cause ( all4 ,) ^! reason]s1 we admit ! possibility ( ,god mak+ himself und]/ood to "s favorites2 b we g f>!r1 we believe t ,he makes ,himself und]/ood by all m51 9 all places1 & 9 all times1 s9ce to all he gives life1 motion1 dige/ion1 ?\ght1 & in/9ct4 ,is !re 9 ! vile/ ( animals1 & 9 ! mo/ sublime philosoph]s1 a be+ :o c w motion1 dige/ion1 desire1 love1 in/9ct1 or ?\ght8 ,no2 b we act1 we love1 we h in/9cts2 z = example1 an inv9cible lik+ to c]ta9 objects1 an insupportable av]sion to o!rs1 a promptitude to execute ! movem5ts necess>y to our pres]vation1 z ^? ( suck+ ! brea/s ( our nurses1 swimm+ :5 we are /rong & our bosoms l>ge en\gh1 bit+ our bread1 dr9k+1 /oop+ to avoid a bl[ f a /one1 collect+ our =ce to cle> a dit*1 etc4 ,we accompli% a ?\s& su* actions )\t ?9k+ ( !m1 ?\gh !y are all pr(\ndly ma!matical4 ,9 %ort1 we ?9k & feel )\t kn[+ h[4 ,9 good e>ne/1 is x m difficult = ,god to "w all )9 u by means ( :i* we are ignorant1 ?an to /ir u int]nally sometimes1 by ! efficaci\s grace ( ,jupit]1 ( :i* ^! g5tlem5 talk to u unceas+ly8 ,:]e is ! man :o1 :5 he looks into himself1 p]ceives n t he is a puppet ( ,provid5ce8 ,i ?9k--b c ,i give myself a ?\ght8 ,alas6 if ,i ?\ght ( myself1 ,i %\ld "k :at ideas ,i might ent]ta9 ! next mom5t--a ?+ :i* nobody kn[s4 ,i acquire a k1 b ,i c\ld n give x to myself4 ,my intellig5ce _c be ! cause ( x2 = ! cause mu/ conta9 ! effect3 ,n[1 my fir/ acquir$ k 0 n 9 my und]/&+2 be+ ! fir/1 x 0 giv5 to me by him :o =m$ me1 & :o gives all1 :atev] x may be4 ,i am a/oni%$1 :5 ,i am told t my fir/ k _c alone give me a second2 t x mu/ conta9 x4 ,! pro( t we give ourselves no ideas is t we receive !m 9 our dreams2 & c]ta9ly1 x is nei!r our w nor att5tion :i* makes u ?9k 9 dreams4 ,!re are poets :o make v]ses sleep+2 geometricians :o measure triangles4 ,all proves to u t !re is a p[] :i* acts )9 u )\t consult+ u4 ,all our s5tim5ts1 are !y n involunt>y8 ,he>+1 ta/e1 & sight are no?+ by !mselves4 ,we feel1 9 spite ( ourselves3 we d no?+ ( ourselves3 we are no?+ )\t a ,supreme ,p[] :i* enacts all ?+s4 ,! mo/ sup]/iti\s all[ ^! tru?s1 b !y apply !m only to p ( _! own class4 ,!y affirm t ,god acts physically on c]ta9 privileg$ p]sons4 ,we are m religi\s ?an !y2 we believe t ! ,great ,be+ acts on all liv+ ?+s1 z on all matt]4 ,is x !re=e m difficult = ,him to /ir all m5 ?an to /ir "s ( !m8 ,w ,god be ,god = y\r little sect alone8 ,he is equally s = me1 :o d n belong to x4 ,a new philosoph] goes fur!r ?an y2 x seem$ to him t ,god alone exi/s4 ,he pret5ds t we are all 9 ,him2 & we say t x is ,god :o sees & acts 9 all t has life4 ,jupit] e/ quodcumque vides2 quodcumque mov]is4 ,to proce$4 ,y\r physical premotion introduces ,god act+ 9 y4 ,:at ne$ h y !n ( a s\l8 ,( :at good is ?is little unkn[n & incompreh5sible be+8 ,d y give a s\l to ! sun1 :i* enlight5s s _m globes8 ,& if ?is /> s great1 s a/oni%+1 & s necess>y1 has no s\l1 :y %\ld man h "o8 ,god :o made u1 does ,he n suffice = u8 ,:at1 !re=e1 is become ( ! axiom8 ,effect n t by _m1 :i* c be accompli%$ by "o4 ,?is s\l1 :i* y h imag9$ to be a sub/ance1 is !re=e really only a faculty1 grant$ by ! ,great ,be+1 & n by a p]son4 ,x is a prop]ty giv5 to our organs1 & n a sub/ance4 ,man1 8 reason uncorrupt$ by metaphysics1 c\ld nev] imag9e t he 0 d\ble2 t he 0 compos$ ( two be+s1 ! "o mortal1 visible1 & palpable--! o!r immortal1 invisible1 & impalpable4 ,w\ld x n require ages ( controv]sy to arrive at ?is exp$i5t ( jo9+ toge!r two sub/ances s dissimil>2 tangible & intangible1 simple & comp\nd1 invuln]able & suff]+1 et]nal & fleet+8 ,m5 h only suppos$ a s\l by ! same error :i* made !m suppose 9 u a be+ call$ memory1 :i* be+ !y aft]w>ds made a div9ity4 ,!y made ?is memory ! "m ( ! ,muses2 !y embodi$ ! v>i\s tal5ts ( nature 9 s _m goddesses1 ! daught]s ( memory4 ,!y also made a god ( ! secret p[] by :i* nature =ms ! blood ( animals1 & call$ x ! god ( sanguification4 ,! ,roman p inde$ _h simil> gods = ! faculties ( eat+ & dr9k+1 = ! act ( m>riage1 = ! act ( void+ excrem5ts4 ,!y 7 s _m p>ticul> s\ls1 :i* produc$ 9 u all ^! actions4 ,x 0 ! metaphysics ( ! populace4 ,?is %ameful & ridicul\s sup]/ition 0 evid5tly d]iv$ f t :i* imag9$ 9 man a small div9e sub/ance1 diff]5t f man himself4 ,?is sub/ance is /ill admitt$ 9 all ! s*ools2 & ) condesc5sion we grant to ! ,great ,be+1 to ! ,et]nal ,mak]1 to ,god1 ! p]mission ( jo9+ ,8 concurr5ce to ! s\l4 ,?us we suppose1 t = w & de$1 bo? ,god & our s\ls are necess>y4 ,b to concur signifies to aid1 to p>ticipate4 ,god !re=e is only second ) u2 x is degrad+ ,him2 x is putt+ ,him on a level ) u1 or mak+ ,him play ! mo/ inf]ior "p4 ,take n f ,him ,8 rank & pre-em95ce3 make n ( ! ,sov]eign ( ,nature ! m]e s]vant ( mank9d4 ,two species ( reason]s1 well cr$it$ 9 ! _w--a!i/s & !ologians--w oppose our d\bts4 ,! a!i/s w say1 t 9 admitt+ reason 9 man & in/9ct 9 brutes1 z prop]ties1 x is v useless to admit a ,god into ?is sy/em2 t ,god is /ill m incompreh5sible ?an a s\l2 t x is unwor?y a sage to believe t :i* he conceives n4 ,!y let fly aga9/ u all ! argum5ts ( ,/raton & ,lucretius4 ,we w answ] !m by "o ^w only3 ,y exi/2 !re=e !re is a ,god4 ,!ologians w give u m tr\ble4 ,!y w fir/ tell u3 ,we agree ) y t ,god is ! fir/ cause ( all2 b ,he is n ! only "o4 ,a high prie/ ( ,m9]va says expressly3 ,! second ag5t op]ates by virtue ( ! fir/2 ! fir/ induces a second2 ! second involves a ?ird2 all are act+ by virtue ( ,god1 & ,he is ! cause ( all actions act+4 ,we w answ]1 ) all ! respect we owe to ?is high prie/3 ,!re is1 & !re c only exi/1 "o true cause4 ,all ! o!rs1 :i* are subsequ5t1 are b in/rum5ts4 ,i discov] a spr+--,i make use ( x to move a ma*9e2 ,i discov]$ ! spr+ & made ! ma*9e4 ,i am ! sole cause4 ,t is und\bt$4 ,! high prie/ w reply3 ,y take lib]ty away f m54 ,i reply3 ,no2 lib]ty consi/s 9 ! faculty ( will+1 & 9 t ( do+ :at y w1 :5 no?+ prev5ts y4 ,god has made man ^u ^! conditions1 & he mu/ be cont5t$ ) !m4 ,my prie/ w p]si/1 & say1 t we make ,god ! au?or ( s94 ,!n we %all answ] him3 ,i am sorry = x2 b ,god is made ! au?or ( s9 9 all sy/ems1 except 9 t ( ! a!i/s4 ,= if ,he concurs ) ! actions ( p]v]se m51 z ) ^? ( ! j1 x is evid5t t to concur is to d1 s9ce ,he :o concurs is also ! creator ( all4 ,if ,god alone p]mits s91 x is ,he :o commits x2 s9ce to p]mit & to d is ! same ?+ to ! absolute ma/] ( all4 ,if ,he =esees t m5 w d evil1 he %\ld n =m m54 ,we h nev] elud$ ! =ce ( ^! anci5t argum5ts2 we h nev] weak5$ !m4 ,:oev] has produc$ all1 has c]ta9ly produc$ good & evil4 ,! sy/em ( absolute pr$e/9ation1 ! doctr9e ( concurr5ce1 equally plunge u into ?is labyr9?1 f :i* we _c extricate ourselves4 ,all t we c say is1 t evil is = u1 & n = ,god4 ,n]o assass9ates 8 preceptor & 8 "m2 ano!r murd]s 8 relations & neighbors2 a high prie/ poisons1 /rangles1 & beheads tw5ty ,roman lords1 on ris+ f ! b$ ( 8 daught]4 ,?is is ( no m importance to ! ,be+1 ! ,univ]sal ,s\l ( ! ,_w1 ?an %eep eat5 by ! wolves or by u1 or ?an flies dev\r$ by spid]s4 ,!re is no evil = ! ,great ,be+2 to ,him x is only ! play ( ! great ma*9e :i* incessantly moves by et]nal laws4 ,if ! wick$ become--:e!r dur+ _! lives or subsequ5tly--m unhappy ?an ^? :om !y h sacrific$ to _! passions2 if !y suff] z !y h made o!rs suff]1 x is /ill an inevitable consequ5ce ( ! immutable laws by :i* ! ,great ,be+ necess>ily acts4 ,we "k b a v small "p ( ^! laws2 we h b a v weak portion ( und]/&+2 we h only resignation 9 our p[]4 ,( all sy/ems1 is n t :i* makes u acqua9t$ ) our insignificance ! mo/ reasonable8 ,m5--z all philosoph]s ( antiquity h said--made ,god 9 _! own image2 :i* is ! reason :y ! fir/ ,anaxagoras1 z anci5t z ,orpheus1 expresses himself ?us 9 8 v]ses3 ,if ! birds figur$ to !mselves a ,god1 he w\ld h w+s2 t ( horses w\ld run ) f\r legs4 ,! vulg> imag9e ,god to be a k+1 :o holds 8 seat ( ju/ice 9 8 c\rt4 ,t5d] he>ts repres5t him z a fa!r :o takes c>e ( 8 *ildr54 ,! sage attributes to ,him no human affection4 ,he ackn[l$ges a necess>y et]nal p[] :i* animates all nature1 & resigns himself to x4 ,g5]al ,reflection ,on ,man4 ,x requires tw5ty ye>s to raise man f ! /ate ( a plant1 9 :i* he abides 9 8 "m's womb1 & f ! pure animal /ate1 :i* is ! lot ( 8 e>lie/ infancy1 to t 9 :i* ! maturity ( reason beg9s to dawn4 ,he has requir$ ?irty ages to become a little acqua9t$ ) 8 own bodily /ructure4 ,he w\ld require et]nity to become acqua9t$ ) 8 s\l4 ,he requires b an in/ant to kill himself4 ,,m>riage4 ,,section ,i4 ,i once met ) a reason] :o said3 ,induce y\r subjects to m>ry z e>ly z possible4 ,let !m be exempt f taxes ! fir/ ye>2 & let _! portion be assess$ on ^? :o at ! same age are 9 a /ate ( celibacy4 ,! m m>ri$ m5 y h1 ! few] crimes !re w be4 ,exam9e ! frightful columns ( y\r crim9al cal5d>s2 y w !re f9d a hundr$ y\?s execut$ = "o fa!r ( a family4 ,m>riage r5d]s m5 m virtu\s & m wise4 ,! fa!r ( a family is n will+ to blu% be=e 8 *ildr52 he is afraid to make %ame _! inh]itance4 ,let y\r soldi]s m>ry1 & !y w no long] des]t4 ,b\nd to _! families1 !y w be b\nd to _! c\ntry4 ,an unm>ri$ soldi] is frequ5tly no?+ b a vagabond1 to :om x matt]s n :e!r he s]ves ! k+ ( ,naples or ! k+ ( ,morocco4 ,! ,roman w>riors 7 m>ri$3 !y f\ght = _! wives & _! *ildr52 & !y made slaves ( ! wives & ! *ildr5 ( o!r nations4 ,a great ,italian politician1 :o 01 besides1 le>n$ 9 ! ,ea/]n tongues1 a ?+ r>e among our politicians1 said to me 9 my y\?3 ,c>o figlio1 rememb] t ! ,jews nev] _h b "o good in/itution--t ( abhorr+ virg9ity4 ,if t little nation ( sup]/iti\s jobb]s _h n reg>d$ m>riage z ! fir/ ( ! human obligations--if !re _h be5 among !m conv5ts ( nuns--!y w\ld h be5 inevitably lo/4 ,! ,m>riage ,contract4 ,m>riage is a contract 9 ! law ( nations1 ( :i* ! ,roman ,ca?olics h made a sacram5t4 ,b ! sacram5t & ! contract are two v diff]5t ?+s2 ) ! "o are connect$ ! civil effects1 ) ! o!r ! graces ( ! *ur*4 ,s :5 ! contract is con=mable to ! law ( nations1 x mu/ produce e civil effect4 ,! abs5ce ( ! sacram5t c op]ate only 9 ! privation ( spiritual graces4 ,su* has be5 ! jurisprud5ce ( all ages1 & ( all nations1 except+ ! ,fr5*4 ,su* 0 ! op9ion ( ! mo/ accr$it$ fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*4 ,g ?r\gh ! ,!odosian & ,ju/9ian codes1 & y w f9d no law proscrib+ ! m>riages ( p]sons ( ano!r cre$1 n ev5 :5 contract$ betwe5 !m & ,ca?olics4 ,x is true1 t ,con/antius--t son ( ,con/ant9e z cruel z 8 fa!r--=bade ! ,jews1 on pa9 ( dea?1 to m>ry ,*ri/ian wom52 & t ,val5t9ian1 ,!odosius1 & ,arcadius made ! same prohibition1 "u ! l p5alty1 to ! ,jewi% wom54 ,b "u ! emp]or ,m>cian ^! laws _h ceas$ to be obs]v$2 & ,ju/9ian reject$ !m f 8 code4 ,besides1 !y 7 made aga9/ ! ,jews only2 no "o ev] ?\ght ( apply+ !m to ! m>riage ( pagans or h]etics ) ! foll[]s ( ! prevail+ religion4 ,consult ,/4 ,augu/9e1 & he w tell y t 9 8 "t ! m>riages ( believ]s ) unbeliev]s 7 n consid]$ illicit1 because no gospel text _h condemn$ !m3 ,qu matrimonia cum 9 fidelibus1 no/ris temporibus1 jam non putantur esse peccata2 quoniam 9 ,novo ,te/am5to nihil inde preceptum e/1 et ideo aut lic]e cr$itum e/1 aut velut dubium d]elictum4 ,augu/9e says1 moreov]1 t ^! m>riages (t5 "w ! conv]sion ( ! unbeliev+ p>ty4 ,he cites ! example ( 8 own fa!r1 :o embrac$ ! ,*ri/ian religion because 8 wife1 ,manica1 pr(ess$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,clotilda1 by ! conv]sion ( ,clovis1 & ,!ol9da1 by t ( ,agilulf1 k+ ( ! ,lomb>ds1 r5d]$ great] s]vice to ! ,*ur* ?an if !y _h m>ri$ or?odox pr9ces4 ,consult ! decl>ation ( ,pope ,b5$ict ,,xiv4 ( ,nov4 #d1 #agda4 ,y w f9d 9 x ^! words3 ,quod v]o spectat ad ea conjugia qu1 absque =ma a ,trid5t9o /atuta1 contrahuntur a ca?olicis cum hreticis1 sive ca?olicus vir hriticam fem9am ducat1 sive ca?olica fm9a h]etico viro nubat2 si hujusmodi matrimonium sit contractum aut 9 po/]um contracti cont+at1 ,trid5t9i =ma non s]vata1 decl>at ,sanctitas sua1 alio non concurr5te imp$im5to1 validum hab5dum esse1 sciat conjux ca?olicus se i/ius matrimonii v9culo p]petuo ligatum4--,) respect to su* m>riages z1 transgress+ ! enactm5t ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 are contract$ by ,ca?olics ) h]etics2 :e!r by a ,ca?olic man ) a h]etical woman1 or by a ,ca?olic woman ) a h]etical man2 if su* matrimony already is1 or h]eaft] %all be contract$1 ! rules ( ! c\ncil n be+ obs]v$1 8 hol9ess decl>es1 t if !re be no o!r imp$im5t1 x %all be held valid1 ! ,ca?olic man or woman und]/&+ t he or %e is by su* matrimony b\nd until dea?4 ,by :at a/oni%+ contradiction is x1 t ! ,fr5* laws 9 ?is matt] are m sev]e ?an ^? ( ! ,*ur*8 ,! fir/ law by :i* ?is sev]ity 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,france 0 ! edict ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 ( ,novemb]1 #afhj1 :i* des]ves to be repeat$4 ,l\is1444 ,! canons ( ! c\ncils hav+ =bidd5 m>riages ( ,ca?olics ) h]etics1 z a public sc&al & a pr(anation ( ! sacram5t1 we h deem$ x ! m necess>y to prev5t !m = ! future1 z we h f\nd t ! tol]ation ( su* m>riages exposes ,ca?olics to ! cont9ual temptation ( p]v]t+ x1 etc4 ,= ^! causes1444 x is our w & pleasure1 t 9 future our subjects ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic & ,apo/olic religion may n1 "u any pretext :atsoev]1 contract m>riage ) ^? ( ! pret5d$ re=m$ religion1 decl>+ su* m>riages to be invalid1 & ! issue ( !m illegitimate4 ,x is s+ul> en\gh1 t ! laws ( ! ,*ur* %\ld h be5 made ! f\ndation = annull+ m>riages :i* ! ,*ur* nev] annull$4 ,9 ?is edict we f9d ! sacram5t conf\nd$ ) ! civil contract2 & f ?is confusion h proce$$ ! /range laws 9 ,france conc]n+ m>riage4 ,/4 ,augu/9e approv$ m>riages ( ! or?odox ) h]etics1 = he hop$ t ! fai?ful sp\se w\ld conv]t ! o!r2 & ,l\is ,,xiv4 condemns !m1 le/ ! het]odox %\ld p]v]t ! believ]4 ,9 ,fran*e-,comt !re exi/s a yet m cruel law4 ,?is is an edict ( ! ar*duke ,alb]t & 8 wife ,isabella1 ( ,dec4 #bj1 #aeii1 :i* =bids ,ca?olics to m>ry h]etics1 on pa9 ( confiscation ( body & goods4 ,! same edict pron\nces ! same p5alty on su* z %all be convict$ ( eat+ mutton on ,friday or ,saturday4 ,:at laws6 & :at law-giv]s6--,a quels matres1 gr& ,dieu1 livrez-v\s l'univ]s6 ,,section ,,ii4 ,if our laws reprove m>riages ( ,ca?olics ) p]sons ( a diff]5t religion1 d !y grant ! civil effects at lea/ to m>riages ( ,fr5* ,prote/ants ) ,fr5* p]sons ( ! same sect8 ,!re are n[ 9 ! k+dom a million ( ,prote/ants2 yet ! validity ( _! m>riage is /ill a "q 9 ! tribunals4 ,"h aga9 is "o ( ^? cases 9 :i* our jurisprud5ce is contradictory to ! decisions ( ! ,*ur*1 & also to itself4 ,9 ! papal decl>ation1 quot$ 9 ! =ego+ section1 ,b5$ict ,,xiv4 decides t m>riages ( ,prote/ants1 contract$ accord+ to _! rites1 are no less valid ?an if !y _h be5 p]=m$ accord+ to ! =ms e/abli%$ by ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t2 & t a husb& :o turns ,ca?olic _c break ?is tie & =m a new "o ) a p]son ( 8 new religion4 ,b>ak ,levi1 by bir? a ,jew1 & a native ( ,hagu5an1 _h !re m>ri$ ,m5del ,c]f1 ( ! same t[n & ! same religion4 ,?is ,jew came to ,p>is 9 #ageb2 & on ,may #ac1 #aged1 he 0 baptiz$4 ,he s5t a summons to 8 wife at ,hagu5an to come & jo9 him at ,p>is4 ,9 a second summons he cons5t$ t ?is wife1 :5 %e _h come to jo9 him1 %\ld cont9ue to live 9 h] own ,jewi% sect4 ,to ^! summonses ,m5del ,c]f repli$ t %e w\ld n return ) him1 & t %e requir$ him to s5d h]1 accord+ to ! ,jewi% =ms1 a bill ( divorce1 9 ord] t %e might m>ry ano!r ,jew4 ,levi 0 n satisfi$ ) ?is answ]2 he s5t no bill ( divorce2 b he caus$ 8 wife to appe> be=e ! (ficial ( ,/rasburg1 :o1 by a s5t5ce ( ,sept4 #g1 #aged1 decl>$ t1 9 ! sight ( ! ,*ur*1 he 0 at lib]ty to m>ry a ,ca?olic woman4 ,furni%$ ) ?is s5t5ce1 ! ,*ri/ianiz$ ,jew came into ! diocese ( ,soissons1 & !re made promise ( m>riage to a "y woman ( ,vill5euve4 ,! cl]gyman refus$ to publi% ! banns4 ,levi communicat$ to him ! summonses he _h s5t to 8 wife1 ! s5t5ce ( ! (ficial ( ,/rasburg1 & a c]tificate f ! secret>y ( ! bi%opric ( t place1 atte/+1 t 9 t diocese baptiz$ ,jews _h at all times be5 p]mitt$ to contract new m>riages ) ,ca?olics1 & t ?is usage _h con/antly be5 recogniz$ by ! ,supreme ,c\ncil ( ,colm>4 ,b ^! docum5ts appe>$ to ! p>son ( ,vill5euve to be insuffici5t4 ,levi 0 oblig$ to summon him be=e ! (ficial ( ,soissons4 ,?is (ficial did n ?9k1 l him ( ,/rasburg1 t ! m>riage ( ,levi ) ,m5del ,c]f 0 null or dissoluble4 ,by 8 s5t5ce ( ,feb4 #e1 #agef1 he decl>$ ! ,jew's claim to be inadmissible4 ,! latt] appeal$ f ?is s5t5ce to ! ,p>liam5t ( ,p>is1 :]e he 0 n only oppos$ by ! public m9i/ry1 b1 by a decree ( ,jan4 #b1 #ageh1 ! s5t5ce 0 confirm$1 & ,levi 0 aga9 =bidd5 to contract any m>riage dur+ ! life ( ,m5del ,c]f4 ,"h1 !n1 a m>riage contract$ betwe5 ,fr5* ,jews1 accord+ to ! ,jewi% rites1 0 decl>$ valid by ! fir/ c\rt 9 ! k+dom4 ,b1 "s ye>s aft]w>ds1 ! same "q 0 decid$ diff]5tly 9 ano!r p>liam5t1 on ! subject ( a m>riage contract$ betwe5 two ,fr5* ,prote/ants1 :o _h be5 m>ri$ 9 ! pres5ce ( _! p>5ts by a m9i/] ( _! own communion4 ,! ,prote/ant sp\se _h1 l ! ,jew1 *ang$ 8 religion2 & aft] he _h conclud$ a second m>riage ) a ,ca?olic1 ! ,p>liam5t ( ,gr5oble confirm$ ?is second m>riage1 & decl>$ ! fir/ to be null4 ,if we pass f jurisprud5ce to legislation1 we %all f9d x z obscure on ?is important matt] z on s _m o!rs4 ,a decree ( ! c\ncil1 ( ,sept4 #ae1 #afhe1 says3 ,prote/ants may m>ry1 provid$1 h[ev]1 t x be 9 ! pres5ce ( ! pr9cipal (fic] ( ju/ice1 & t ! publication prec$+ su* m>riages %all be made at ! royal see ne>e/ ! place ( abode ( ea* ( ! ,prote/ants desir\s ( m>ry+1 & at ! audi5ce only4 ,?is decree 0 n revok$ by ! edict :i*1 ?ree weeks aft]1 suppress$ ! ,edict ( ,nantes4 ,b aft] ! decl>ation ( ,may #ad1 #agbd1 drawn up by ,c>d9al ,fleury1 ! judges w\ld no long] preside ov] ! m>riages ( ,prote/ants1 nor p]mit _! banns to be publi%$ 9 _! audi5ces4 ,by ,article ,,xv4 ( ?is law1 ! =ms prescrib$ by ! canons are to be obs]v$ 9 m>riages1 z well ( new conv]ts z ( all ! re/ ( ! k+'s subjects4 ,?is g5]al expression1 all ! re/ ( ! k+'s subjects1 has be5 ?\ght to compreh5d ! ,prote/ants1 z well z ! ,ca?olics1 & on ?is int]pretation1 su* m>riages ( ,prote/ants z 7 n solemniz$ accord+ to ! canonical =ms h be5 annull$4 ,nev]!less1 x seems t ! m>riages ( ,prote/ants hav+ be5 au?oriz$ by an express law1 !y _c n[ be admitt$ b by ano!r express law c>ry+ ) x ?is p5alty4 ,besides1 ! t]m new conv]ts1 m5tion$ 9 ! decl>ation1 appe>s to indicate t ! t]m t foll[s relates to ! ,ca?olics only4 ,9 %ort1 :5 ! civil law is obscure or ambigu\s1 ought n ! judges to decide accord+ to ! natural & ! moral law8 ,does x n result f all ?is t laws (t5 h ne$ ( re=mation1 & pr9ces ( consult+ bett] in=m$ c\nsellors1 reject+ prie/ly m9i/]s1 & di/ru/+ c\rti]s 9 ! g>b ( confessors8 ,,m>y ,,magdal54 ,i mu/ own t ,i "k n :]e ! au?or ( ! ,critical ,hi/ory ( ,jesus ,*ri/ f\nd t ,/4 ,m>y ,magdal5 _h a crim9al intimacy 7des complaisances crim9elles7 ) ! ,savi\r ( ! _w4 ,he says 7page #acj1 l9e #aa ( ! note7 t ?is is an ass]tion ( ! ,albig5ses4 ,i h nev] read ?is horrible blasphemy ei!r 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,albig5ses1 or 9 _! pr(ession ( fai?4 ,x is "o ( ! great _m ?+s ( :i* ,i am ignorant4 ,i "k t ! ,albig5ses _h ! dire mis=tune ( n be+ ,roman ,ca?olics2 b1 o!rwise1 x seems to me1 !y _h ! mo/ pr(\nd rev]5ce = ! p]son ( ,jesus4 ,?is au?or ( ! ,critical ,hi/ory ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ref]s u to ! ,*ri/iade1 a sort ( poem 9 prose--grant+ t !re are su* ?+s z poems 9 prose4 ,i h1 !re=e1 be5 oblig$ to consult ! passage ( ! ,*ri/iade 9 :i* ?is accusation is made4 ,x is 9 ! f\r? book or canto1 page #cce1 note #a2 ! poet ( ! ,*ri/iade cites no au?ority4 ,9 an epic poem1 inde$1 citations may be sp>$2 b great au?orities are requisite 9 prose1 :5 s grave an ass]tion is made--"o :i* makes e ,*ri/ian's hair /& erect4 ,:e!r ! ,albig5ses advanc$ ?is impiety or n1 ! only result is t ! au?or ( ! ,*ri/iade sports on ! br9k ( crim9ality4 ,he some:at imitates ! fam\s s]mon ( ,m5ot4 ,he introduces u to ,m>y ,magdal51 ! si/] ( ,m>?a & ,laz>us1 brilliant ) all ! *>ms ( y\? & beauty1 burn+ ) e desire1 & imm]s$ 9 e voluptu\sness4 ,accord+ to him1 %e is a lady at c\rt1 exalt$ 9 bir? & 9 ri*es2 h] bro!r ,laz>us 0 c\nt ( ,be?any1 & h]self m>*ioness ( ,magdalet4 ,m>?a _h a spl5did portion1 b he does n tell u :]e h] e/ates lay4 ,%e _h1 says ! man ( ! ,*ri/iade1 a hundr$ s]vants1 & a cr[d ( lov]s2 %e might h ?reat5$ ! lib]ty ( ! :ole _w4 ,b ri*es1 dignities1 ambitions1 gr&eur1 nev] 7 s de> to ,magdal5 z ! s$uctive error :i* caus$ h] to be nam$ ! s9n]4 ,su* 0 ! sov]eign beauty ( ! capital :5 ! "y & div9e h]o arriv$ !re f ! extremities ( ,galilee4 ,h] o!r passions yield$ to ! ambition ( subdu+ ! h]o ( :om %e _h he>d4 ,! au?or ( ! ,*ri/iade !n imitates ,virgil4 ,! m>*ioness ( ,magdalet conjures h] portion$ si/] to furni% h] coquetti% designs ^u h] "y h]o1 z ,dido employ$ h] si/] ,anna to ga9 ! pi\s neas4 ,%e goes to he> ,*ri/'s s]mon 9 ! temple1 al?\gh he nev] prea*$ !re4 ,h] he>t flies be=e h] to ! h]o %e adores2 %e awaits b "o favorable look to triumph ov] him1 to subdue ?is ma/] ( he>ts & make him h] captive4 ,%e !n goes to him at ! h\se ( ,simon ! ,lep]1 a v ri* man1 :o 0 giv+ him a gr& supp]1 al?\gh ! wom5 7 nev] admitt$ at ^! fea/+s1 especially among ! ,ph>isees4 ,%e p\rs a l>ge pot ( p]fumes ^u 8 legs1 wipes !m ) h] beautiful fair hair1 & kisses !m4 ,i %all n inquire :e!r ! picture :i* ! au?or draws ( ,magdal5's holy transports is n m worldly ?an dev\t2 :e!r ! kisses giv5 are n express$ r too w>mly2 nor :e!r ?is f9e hair ) :i* %e wipes h] h]o's legs1 does n rem9d "o too /rongly ( ,trimalcion1 :o1 at d9n]1 wip$ 8 h&s ) ! hair ( a "y & beautiful slave4 ,he mu/ himself h felt t 8 pictures might be fanci$ too gl[+2 = he anticipates criticism by giv+ "s pieces f a s]mon ( ,massillon's on ,magdal54 ,"o passage is z foll[s3 ,magdal5 _h sacrific$ h] reputation to ! _w4 ,h] ba%fulness & h] bir? at fir/ def5d$ h] aga9/ ! emotions ( h] passion2 & x is mo/ likely1 t to ! fir/ %aft :i* assail$ h]1 %e oppos$ ! b>ri] ( h] mode/y & h] pride2 b :5 %e _h l5t h] e> to ! s]p5t1 & consult$ h] own wisdom1 h] he>t 0 op5 to all assaults ( passion4 ,magdal5 lov$ ! _w1 & !nce=w>d all 0 sacrific$ to ?is love2 nei!r ! pride t spr+s f bir?1 nor ! mode/y :i* is ! ornam5t ( h] sex1 is sp>$ 9 ?is sacrifice2 no?+ c )hold h]2 nei!r ! raill]ies ( worldl+s1 nor ! infidelities ( h] infatuat$ lov]s1 :om %e fa9 w\ld please1 b by :om %e _c make h]self e/eem$--= virtue only is e/imable2 no?+ c make h] a%am$2 & l ! pro/itute 9 ! ,apocalypse1 %e be>s on h] =ehead ! "n ( my/]y2 t is1 %e 0 veil$1 & 0 no long] kn[n b 9 ! "* ( ! fooli% passion4 ,i h s\ght ?is passage 9 ,massillon's s]mons1 b x c]ta9ly is n 9 ! edition :i* ,i possess4 ,i w v5ture to say m--x is n 9 8 /yle4 ,! au?or ( ! ,*ri/iade %\ld h in=m$ u :]e he pick$ up ?is rhapsody ( ,massillon's1 z he %\ld h told u :]e he read t ! ,albig5ses d>$ to impute to ,jesus ,*ri/ an unwor?y int]c\rse ) ,m>y ,magdal54 ,z = ! m>*ioness1 %e is n aga9 m5tion$ 9 ! "w4 ,! au?or sp>es u h] voyage to ,m>seilles ) ,laz>us1 & ! re/ ( h] adv5tures4 ,:at c\ld induce a man ( le>n+1 & sometimes ( eloqu5ce1 z ! au?or ( ! ,*ri/iade appe>s to be1 to compose ?is pret5d$ poem8 ,x 01 z he tells u 9 8 preface1 ! example ( ,milton2 b we well "k h[ deceitful are examples4 ,milton1 :o--be x obs]v$--did n haz>d t weakly mon/rosity1 a poem 9 prose--,milton1 :o 9 8 ,p>adise ,lo/1 has1 amid ! multitude ( h>% & obscure l9es ( :i* x is full1 scatt]$ "s v f9e blank v]se--c\ld n please any b fanatical ,:igs1 z ! ,abb ,grc\rt says3 ,en *antant l'univ]s p]du p\r une pomme1 ,et ,dieu p\r le damn] crant le premi] homme4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,by s++ ,h[ ,god made man on purpose = hell-fire1 ,& h[ a /ol5 apple damn$ u all4 ,he might delight ! ,presbyt]ians by mak+ ,s9 cohabit ) ,dea?2 by fir+ (f tw5ty-f\r p\nd]s 9 heav52 by mak+ dryness fight ) damp1 & heat ) cold2 by cleav+ angels 9 two1 ^: halves imm$iately jo9$ aga92 by build+ a bridge ov] *aos2 by repres5t+ ! ,messiah tak+ f a *e/ 9 heav5 a great pair ( compasses to describe ! circuit ( ! e>?1 etc4 ,virgil & ,horace w\ld1 p]haps1 h ?\ght ^! ideas r /range4 ,b if !y succe$$ 9 ,engl& by ! aid ( "s v happy l9es1 ! au?or ( ! ,*ri/iade 0 mi/ak5 9 expect+ 8 romance to succe$ )\t ! assi/ance ( f9e v]ses1 :i* are inde$ v difficult to make4 ,b1 says our au?or1 "o ,j]ome ,vida1 bi%op ( ,alba1 once wrote a v p[]ful ,*ri/iade 9 ,lat9 v]se1 9 :i* he transcribes _m l9es f ,virgil4 ,well1 my fri5d1 :y did y write y\rs 9 ,fr5* prose8 ,:y did n y1 too1 imitate ,virgil8 ,b ! late ,m4 d',escorbiac1 ( ,t\l\se1 also wrote a ,*ri/iade4 ,alas6 :y 7 y s un=tunate z to become ! ape ( ,m4 d',escorbiac8 ,b ,milton1 too1 wrote 8 romance ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 8 ,p>adise ,rega9$1 9 blank v]se1 frequ5tly resembl+ ! wor/ prose4 ,leave x1 !n1 to ,milton to set ,satan & ,jesus con/antly at w>4 ,let x be 8 to cause a drove ( sw9e to be driv5 along by a legion ( devils2 t is1 by six ?\s& sev5 hundr$1 :o take possession ( ^! sw9e--!re be+ ?ree devils & sev5-tw5tie?s p] pig--& dr[n !m 9 a lake4 ,x well becomes ,milton to make ! devil propose to ,god t !y %all take a good supp] toge!r4 ,9 ,milton1 ! devil may at 8 ease cov] ! table ) ortolans1 p>tridges1 soles1 /urgeons1 & make ,hebe & ,ganym$e h& w9e to ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,9 ,milton1 ! devil may take ,god up a little hill1 f ! top ( :i* he %[s him ! capital1 ! ,molucca ,isl&s1 & ! ,indian city2 ! bir?place ( ! beaute\s ,angelica1 :o turn$ ,orl&o's bra92 aft] :i* he may (f] to ,god all ?is1 provid$ t ,god w adore him4 ,b ev5 ,milton labor$ 9 va92 p h laugh$ at him4 ,!y h laugh$ at poor bro!r ,b]ruy]1 ! ,jesuit4 ,!y h laugh$ at y4 ,be> x ) pati5ce6 ,,m>tyrs4 ,,section ,i4 ,m>tyr1 witness2 m>tyrdom1 te/imony4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ian community at fir/ gave ! "n ( m>tyrs to ^? :o ann\nc$ new tru?s to mank9d1 :o gave te/imony to ,jesus2 :o confess$ ,jesus2 9 ! same mann] z !y gave ! "n ( sa9ts to ! presbyt]s1 to ! sup]visors ( ! community1 & to _! female b5efactors2 ?is is ! reason :y ,/4 ,j]ome1 9 8 lett]s1 (t5 calls 8 initiat$ ,paul1 ,/4 ,paul4 ,all ! fir/ bi%ops 7 call$ sa9ts4 ,subsequ5tly1 ! "n ( m>tyrs 0 giv5 only to deceas$ ,*ri/ians1 or to ^? :o _h be5 tortur$ = puni%m5t2 & ! little *apels t 7 erect$ to !m receiv$ aft]w>ds ! "n ( m>tyrion4 ,x is a great "q1 :y ! ,roman ,empire always tol]at$ 9 its bosom ! ,jewi% sect1 ev5 aft] ! two horrible w>s ( ,titus & ,adrian2 :y x tol]at$ ! wor%ip ( ,isis at sev]al times2 & :y x frequ5tly p]secut$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is evid5t t ! ,jews1 :o paid de>ly = _! synagogues1 d5\nc$ ! ,*ri/ians z mortal foes1 & excit$ ! p aga9/ !m4 ,x is moreov] evid5t t ! ,jews1 occupi$ ) ! trade ( brok]s & usur]s1 did n prea* aga9/ ! anci5t religion ( ! empire1 & t ! ,*ri/ians1 :o 7 all busy 9 controv]sy1 prea*$ aga9/ ! public wor%ip1 s\ght to de/roy x1 (t5 burn$ ! temples1 & broke ! consecrat$ /atues1 z ,/4 ,!odosius did at ,amasia1 & ,/4 ,polyeuctus 9 ,mityl5e4 ,! or?odox ,*ri/ians1 sure t _! religion 0 ! only true "o1 did n tol]ate any o!r4 ,9 consequ5ce1 !y !mselves 7 h>dly tol]at$4 ,"s ( !m 7 puni%$ & di$ = ! fai?--& ^! 7 ! m>tyrs4 ,?is "n is s respectable t x %\ld n be prodigally be/[$2 x is n "r to assume ! "n & arms ( a family to :i* "o does n belong4 ,v heavy p5alties h be5 e/abli%$ aga9/ ^? :o h ! audacity to decorate !mselves ) ! cross ( ,malta or ( ,/4 ,l\is1 )\t be+ *evali]s ( ^? ord]s4 ,! le>n$ ,dodwell1 ! dext]\s ,middleton1 ! judici\s ,blondel1 ! exact ,tillemont1 ! scrut9iz+ ,launoy1 & _m o!rs1 all zeal\s = ! glory ( ! true m>tyrs1 h exclud$ f _! catalogue an obscure multitude on :om ?is great title _h be5 lavi%$4 ,we h rem>k$ t ^! le>n$ m5 7 sanction$ by ! direct ackn[l$gm5t ( ,orig51 :o1 9 8 ,refutation ( ,celsus1 confesses t !re are v few m>tyrs1 & ^? at a great di/ance ( "t1 & t x is easy to reckon !m4 ,nev]!less1 ! ,b5$ict9e ,ru9>t--:o calls himself ,don ,ru9>t1 al?\gh he 0 no ,spani>d--has contradict$ all ^! le>n$ p]sons6 ,he has c&idly giv5 u _m /ories ( m>tyrs :i* h appe>$ to ! critics v suspici\s4 ,_m s5sible p]sons h d\bt$ v>i\s anecdotes relat+ to ! leg5ds rec\nt$ by ,don ,ru9>t1 f beg9n+ to end4 #a4 ,( ,sa9t ,symphorosia ,& ,h] ,sev5 ,*ildr54 ,_! scruples comm5ce ) ,/4 ,symphorosia & h] sev5 *ildr5 :o suff]$ m>tyrdom ) h]2 :i* appe>s1 at fir/ sight1 too mu* imitat$ f ! sev5 ,maccabees4 ,x is n kn[n :5ce ?is leg5d comes2 & t is at once a great cause ( skepticism4 ,x is !re9 relat$ t ! emp]or ,adrian himself wi%$ to int]rogate ! unkn[n ,symphorosia1 to asc]ta9 if %e 0 a ,*ri/ian4 ,?is w\ld h be5 m extraord9>y ?an if ,l\is ,,xiv4 _h subject$ a ,hugu5ot to an int]rogatory4 ,y w fur!r obs]ve t ,adrian1 f> f be+ a p]secutor ( ! ,*ri/ians1 0 _! greate/ protector4 ,he _h !n a long conv]sation ) ,symphorosia1 & putt+ himself 9 a passion1 he said to h]3 ,i w sacrifice y to ! gods2 z if ! ,roman emp]ors sacrific$ wom5 9 _! devotions4 ,9 ! sequel1 he caus$ h] to be ?r[n into ! ,anio--:i* 0 n a usual mode ( immolation4 ,he aft]w>ds _h "o ( h] sons clov5 9 two f ! top ( 8 head to 8 middle2 a second f side to side2 a ?ird 0 brok5 on ! :eel2 a f\r? 0 only /abb$ 9 ! /oma*2 a fif? "r to ! he>t2 a six? _h 8 ?roat cut2 ! sev5? di$ ( a p>cel ( ne$les ?ru/ into 8 brea/4 ,! emp]or ,adrian 0 fond ( v>iety4 ,he comm&$ t !y %\ld be buri$ ne> ! temple ( ,h]cules--al?\gh no "o is ev] buri$ 9 ,rome1 mu* less ne> ! temples1 :i* w\ld h be5 a horrible pr(anation4 ,! leg5d adds t ! *ief prie/ ( ! temple nam$ ! place ( _! int]m5t ! ,sev5 ,biotanates4 ,if x 0 extraord9>y t a monum5t %\ld be erect$ at ,rome to p]sons ?us treat$1 x 0 no less s t a high prie/ %\ld conc]n himself ) ! inscription2 & fur!r1 t ?is ,roman prie/ %\ld make a ,greek epitaph = !m4 ,b :at is /ill m /range is t x is pret5d$ t ?is ^w biotanates signifies ! sev5 tortur$4 ,biotanates is a fabricat$ ^w1 :i* "o does n meet ) 9 any au?or2 & ?is signification c only be giv5 to x by a play ^u words1 falsely us+ ! ^w !non4 ,!re is sc>cely any fable worse con/ruct$4 ,! writ]s ( leg5ds knew h[ to lie1 b none ( !m knew h[ to lie skilfully4 ,! le>n$ ,lacroze1 libr>ian to ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 k+ ( ,prussia1 obs]v$3 ,i "k n :e!r ,ru9>t is s9c]e1 b ,i am afraid he is silly4 #b4 ,( ,/4 ,felicita ,& ,sev5 ,m ,*ildr54 ,x is f ,surius t ?is leg5d is tak54 ,?is ,surius is r notori\s = 8 absurdities4 ,he 0 a monk ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :o writes ab\t ! m>tyrs ( ! second z if he _h be5 pres5t4 ,he pret5ds t t wick$ man1 t tyrant1 ,m>cus ,aurelius ,anton9us ,pius1 ord]$ ! prefect ( ,rome to in/itute a process aga9/ ,/4 ,felicita1 to h h] & h] sev5 *ildr5 put to dea?1 because !re 0 a rumor t %e 0 a ,*ri/ian4 ,! prefect held 8 tribunal 9 ! ,campus ,m>tius1 :i*1 h[ev]1 0 at t "t us$ only = ! review+ ( troops2 & ! fir/ ?+ ! prefect did 0 to cause a bl[ to be giv5 h] 9 full assembly4 ,! long disc\rses ( ! magi/rates & ! accus$ are wor?y ( ! hi/orian4 ,he f9i%es by putt+ ! sev5 bro!rs to dea? by diff]5t puni%m5ts1 l ! sev5 *ildr5 ( ,/4 ,symphorosia4 ,?is is only a duplicate affair4 ,b z = ,/4 ,felicita1 he leaves h] !re1 & does n say ano!r ^w ab\t h]4 #c4 ,( ,sa9t ,polyc>p4 ,eusebius relates t ,/4 ,polyc>p1 be+ in=m$ 9 a dream t he %\ld be burn$ 9 ?ree days1 made x kn[n to 8 fri5ds4 ,! leg5d-mak] adds t ! lieut5ant ( police at ,smyrna1 ^: "n 0 ,h]odius1 _h him seiz$ by 8 ar*]s2 t he 0 ab&on$ to ! wild bea/s 9 ! amphi!atre2 t ! sky op5$1 & a heav5ly voice cri$ to him3 ,be ( good c\rage1 ,polyc>p2 t ! h\r ( lett+ loose ! lions 9 ! amphi!atre hav+ pass$1 ! p w5t ab\t collect+ wood f all ! h\ses to burn him )2 t ! sa9t address$ himself to ! ,god ( ! ar*angels--al?\gh ! ^w ar*angel 0 n !n kn[n--t ! flames =m$ !mselves r\nd him into a triumphal ar* )\t t\*+ him2 t 8 body _h ! smell ( bak$ bread2 b t1 hav+ resi/$ ! fire1 he c\ld n pres]ve himself aga9/ a sabre-cut2 t 8 blood put out ! burn+ pile1 & t !re sprung f x a dove :i* flew /raight to heav54 ,to :i* planet is n precisely kn[n4 #d4 ,( ,sa9t ,ptolomais4 ,we foll[ ! ord] ( ,don ,ru9>t2 b we h no wi% to call 9 "q ! m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,ptolomais1 :i* is extract$ f ,/4 ,ju/9's ,apology4 ,we c\ld make "s difficulties ) reg>d to ! woman :o 0 accus$ by h] husb& ( be+ a ,*ri/ian1 & :o baffl$ him by giv+ him a bill ( divorce4 ,we might ask :y1 9 ?is hi/ory1 !re is no fur!r m5tion ( ?is woman8 ,we might make x manife/ t 9 ! "t ( ,m>cus ,aurelius1 wom5 7 n p]mitt$ to dem& divorces ( _! husb&s2 t ?is p]mission 0 only grant$ !m "u ! emp]or ,julian2 & t ?is s mu* repeat$ /ory ( ! ,*ri/ian woman :o repudiat$ h] husb&--:ile no pagan w\ld h d>$ to imag9e su* a ?+--_c well be o!r ?an a fable4 ,b we d n desire to raise unpleasant disputes4 ,z = ! little probability !re is 9 ! compilation ( ,don ,ru9>t1 we h too mu* respect = ! subject he treats ( to />t objections4 ,we h n made any to ! ,lett] ( ! ,*ur*es ( ,vi5na & ,lyons1 because !re is /ill a great deal ( obscurity connect$ ) x2 b we %all be p>don$ = def5d+ ! memory ( ! great ,m>cus ,aurelius1 ?us outrag$ 9 ! life ( ,/4 ,symphorian ( ,autun1 :o 0 probably a relation ( ,/4 ,symphorosia4 #e4 ,( ,/4 ,symphorian ,( ,autun4 ,?is leg5d1 ! au?or ( :i* is unkn[n1 beg9s ?us3 ,! emp]or ,m>cus ,aurelius _h j rais$ a frightful tempe/ aga9/ ! ,*ur*1 & 8 fulm9at+ edicts assail$ on all sides ! religion ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 at ! "t :5 ,/4 ,symphorian liv$ at ,autun 9 all ! spl5dor t high bir? & uncommon virtue c conf]4 ,he 0 ( a ,*ri/ian family1 "o ( ! mo/ consid]able ( ! city1 etc4 ,m>cus ,aurelius issu$ no sangu9>y edicts aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians4 ,x is a v crim9al calumny4 ,tillemont himself admits t he 0 ! be/ pr9ce ! ,romans ev] _h2 t 8 reign 0 a gold5 age2 & t he v]ifi$ :at he (t5 quot$ f ,plato1 t nations w\ld only be happy :5 k+s 7 philosoph]s4 ,( all ! emp]ors1 ?is 0 ! "o :o promulgat$ ! be/ laws2 he protect$ ! wise1 b p]secut$ no ,*ri/ians1 ( :om he _h a great _m 9 8 s]vice4 ,! writ] ( ! leg5d relates t ,/4 ,symphorian hav+ refus$ to adore ,cybele1 ! city judge inquir$3 ,:o is ?is man8 ,n[ x is impossible t ! judge ( ,autun %\ld n h kn[n ! mo/ consid]able p]son 9 ,autun4 ,he 0 decl>$ by ! s5t5ce to be guilty ( treason1 div9e & human4 ,! ,romans nev] employ$ ?is =mula2 & t alone %\ld deprive ! pret5d$ m>tyr ( ,autun ( all cr$it4 ,9 ord] ! bett] to refute ?is calumny aga9/ ! sacr$ memory ( ,m>cus ,aurelius1 let u br+ "u view ! disc\rse ( ,meliton1 bi%op ( ,s>dis1 to ?is be/ ( emp]ors1 report$ v]batim by ,eusebius3 ,! cont9ual succession ( good =tune :i* has att5d$ ! empire1 )\t its happ9ess be+ di/urb$ by a s+le disgrace1 s9ce our religion1 :i* 0 born ) x1 has gr[n 9 its bosom1 is an evid5t pro( t x contributes em95tly to its greatness & glory4 ,among all ! emp]ors1 ,n]o & ,domitian alone1 deceiv$ by c]ta9 impo/ors1 h spread calumnies aga9/ u1 :i*1 z usual1 h f\nd "s p>tial cr$5ce among ! p4 ,b y\r pi\s ance/ors h correct$ ! p's ignorance1 & by public edicts h repress$ ! audacity ( ^? :o attempt$ to treat u ill4 ,y\r gr&fa!r ,adrian wrote 9 our favor to ,fundanus1 gov]nor ( ,asia1 & to _m o!r p]sons4 ,! emp]or1 y\r fa!r1 dur+ ! p]iod :5 y divid$ ) him ! c>es ( gov]nm5t1 wrote to ! inhabitants ( ,l>issa1 ( ,!ssalonica1 ( ,a!ns1 & 9 %ort to all ! p ( ,greece1 to repress ! s$itions & tumults :i* h be5 excit$ aga9/ u4 ,?is decl>ation by a mo/ pi\s1 le>n$1 & v]aci\s bi%op is suffici5t to conf\nd =ev] all ! lies & leg5ds :i* may be reg>d$ z ! ,arabian tales ( ,*ri/ianity4 #f4 ,( ,ano!r ,sa9t ,felicita1 ,& ,( ,sa9t ,p]petua4 ,if x 7 an object to dispute ! leg5d ( ,felicita & ,p]petua1 x w\ld n be difficult to %[ h[ suspici\s x is4 ,^! ,c>?ag9ian m>tyrs are only kn[n by a writ+1 )\t date1 ( ! *ur* ( ,salzburg4 ,n[1 x is a great way f ?is "p ( ,bav>ia to ,goletta4 ,we are n in=m$ "u :at emp]or ?is ,felicita & ?is ,p]petua receiv$ ! cr[n ( m>tyrdom4 ,! a/\nd+ sights ) :i* ?is hi/ory is fill$ d n discov] a v pr(\nd hi/orian4 ,a ladd] entirely ( gold1 bord]$ ) lances & swords2 a dragon at ! top ( ! ladd]2 a l>ge g>d5 ne> ! dragon2 %eep f :i* an old man drew milk2 a res]voir full ( wat]2 a bottle ( wat] :5ce !y drank )\t dim9i%+ ! liquid2 ,/4 ,p]petua fight+ entirely nak$ aga9/ a wick$ ,egyptian2 "s h&some "y m51 all nak$1 :o took h] "p2 h]self at la/ become a man & a vigor\s wre/l]2 ^! are1 x appe>s to me1 conceits :i* %\ld n h place 9 a respectable book4 ,!re is "o o!r reflection v important to make4 ,x is t ! /yle ( all ^! /ories ( m>tyrdom1 :i* took place at su* diff]5t p]iods1 is ev]y:]e alike1 ev]y:]e equally pu]ile & bomba/ic4 ,y f9d ! same turns ( expression1 ! same phrases1 9 ! hi/ory ( a m>tyr "u ,domitian & ( ano!r "u ,gal]ius4 ,!re are ! same epi!ts1 ! same exagg]ations4 ,by ! little we und]/& ( /yle1 we p]ceive t ! same h& has compil$ !m all4 ,i d n "h pret5d to make a book aga9/ ,don ,ru9>t2 & :ile ,i always respect1 admire1 & invoke ! true m>tyrs ) ! ,holy ,*ur*1 ,i conf9e myself to mak+ x p]ceiv$1 by "o or two /rik+ examples1 h[ dang]\s x is to mix :at is purely ridicul\s ) :at ought to be v5]at$4 #g4 ,( ,sa9t ,!odotus ,( ,! ,city ,( ,ancyra1 ,& ,( ,! ,sev5 ,virg9s2 ,writt5 ,by ,nisus1 ,an ,eye-,witness1 ,& ,extract$ ,f ,boll&us4 ,_m critics1 z em95t = wisdom z = true piety1 h already giv5 u to und]/& t ! leg5d ( ,/4 ,!odotus ! ,publican is a pr(anation & a species ( impiety :i* ought to h be5 suppress$4 ,! foll[+ is ! /ory ( ,!odotus4 ,we %all (t5 employ ! exact words ( ! ,g5u9e ,acts1 compil$ by ,don ,ru9>t4 ,8 trade ( publican suppli$ him ) ! means ( ex]cis+ 8 episcopal functions4 ,illu/ri\s tav]n6 consecrat$ to piety in/ead ( debau*]y4444 ,sometimes ,!odotus 0 a physician1 sometimes he furni%$ tit-bits to ! fai?ful4 ,a tav]n 0 se5 to be to ! ,*ri/ians :at ,noah's ark 0 to ^? :om ,god wi%$ to save f ! deluge4 ,?is publican ,!odotus1 walk+ by ! riv] ,halis ) 8 companions t[>ds a t[n adjac5t to ! city ( ,ancyra1 a fre% & s(t plot ( turf (f]$ !m a delici\s c\*2 a spr+ :i* issu$ a few /eps (f1 f ! foot ( ! rock1 & :i* by a *annel cr[n$ ) fl[]s came runn+ pa/ !m 9 ord] to qu5* _! ?ir/1 (f]$ !m cle> & pure wat]4 ,trees be>+ fruit1 mix$ ) wild ones1 furni%$ !m ) %ade & fruits2 & an assemblage ( skilful night+ales1 :om ! gras%opp]s reliev$ e n[ & !n1 =m$ a *>m+ conc]t1 etc4 ,! cl]gyman ( ! place1 nam$ ,fronton1 hav+ arriv$1 & ! publican hav+ drunk ) him on ! grass1 ! fre% gre5 ( :i* 0 reliev$ by ! v>i\s gradations ( color 9 ! fl[]s1 he said to ! cl]gyman3 ',ah1 fa!r6 :at a pleasure x w\ld be to build a *apel "h4' ',yes1' said ,fronton1 'b x w\ld be necess>y to h "s relics to beg9 )4' ',well1 well1' repli$ ,/4 ,!odotus1 'y %all h "s soon1 ,i give y my ^w2 "h is my r+1 :i* ,i give y z a pl$ge2 build y\r *apel quickly4' ,! publican _h ! gift ( prophecy1 & knew well :at he 0 say+4 ,he w5t away to ! city ( ,ancyra1 :ile ! cl]gyman ,fronton set himself ab\t build+4 ,he f\nd !re ! mo/ horrible p]secution1 :i* la/$ v long4 ,sev5 ,*ri/ian virg9s1 ( :om ! y\nge/ 0 sev5ty ye>s old1 _h j be5 condemn$1 accord+ to cu/om1 to lose _! virg9ity1 ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( all ! "y m5 ( ! city4 ,! y\? ( ,ancyra1 :o _h probably m urg5t affairs1 7 9 no hurry to execute ! s5t5ce4 ,"o only c\ld be f\nd ob$i5t to ju/ice4 ,he appli$ himself to ,/4 ,!cusa1 & c>ri$ h] into a closet ) surpris+ c\rage4 ,!cusa ?rew h]self on h] knees1 & said to him1 ,= ,god's sake1 my son1 a little %ame6 ,behold ^! lacklu/re eyes1 ?is half-dead fle%1 ^! greasy wr9kles1 :i* sev5ty ye>s h pl\gh$ 9 my =ehead1 ?is face ( ! color ( ! e>?2 ab&on ?\ghts s unwor?y ( a "y man l y--,jesus ,*ri/ entreats y by my m\?4 ,he asks x ( y z a favor1 & if y grant x ,him1 y may expect ,8 entire gratitude4 ,! disc\rse ( ! old woman1 & h] c\nt5ance made ! execution] recollect himself4 ,! sev5 virg9s 7 n defl[]$4 ,! irritat$ gov]nor s\ght = ano!r puni%m5t2 he caus$ !m to be initiat$ =?) 9 ! my/]ies ( ,diana & ,m9]va4 ,x is true t great fea/s _h be5 in/itut$ 9 honor ( ^? div9ities1 b ! my/]ies ( ,diana & ,m9]va 7 n kn[n to antiquity4 ,/4 ,nil1 an intimate fri5d ( ! publican ,!odotus1 & ! au?or ( ?is m>vell\s /ory1 0 n q correct4 ,accord+ to him1 ^! sev5 pretty lasses 7 plac$ q nak$ on ! c> :i* c>ri$ ! great ,diana & ! wise ,m9]va to ! banks ( a neighbor+ lake4 ,! ,?ucydides ,/4 ,nil /ill appe>s to be v ill-in=m$ "h4 ,! prie/esses 7 always cov]$ ) veils2 & ! ,roman magi/rates nev] caus$ ! goddesses ( *a/ity & wisdom to be att5d$ by girls :o %[$ !mselves bo? be=e & beh9d to ! p4 ,/4 ,nil adds t ! c> 0 prec$$ by two *oirs ( prie/esses ( ,bac*us1 :o c>ri$ ! ?yrses 9 _! h&s4 ,/4 ,nil has "h mi/ak5 ! prie/esses ( ,m9]va = ^? ( ,bac*us4 ,he 0 n v]s$ 9 ! liturgy ( ,ancyra4 ,ent]+ ! city1 ! publican saw ?is sad spectacle--! gov]nor1 ! prie/esses1 ! c>1 ,m9]va1 & ! sev5 maid5s4 ,he runs to ?r[ himself on 8 knees 9 a hut1 along ) a nephew ( ,/4 ,!cusa4 ,he besee*es heav5 t ! sev5 ladies %\ld be dead r ?an nak$4 ,8 pray] is he>d2 he le>ns t ! sev5 damsels1 in/ead ( be+ defl[]$1 h be5 ?r[n into ! lake ) /ones r\nd _! necks1 by ord] ( ! gov]nor4 ,_! virg9ity is 9 safe-keep+4 ,at ?is news ! sa9t1 rais+ himself f ! gr\nd & plac+ himself ^u 8 knees1 turn$ 8 eyes t[>ds heav52 & 9 ! mid/ ( ! v>i\s emotions he exp]i5c$ ( love1 joy1 & gratitude1 he said1 ,i give ,!e ?anks1 ,o ,"l6 t ,?\ has n reject$ ! pray] ( ,?y s]vant4 ,he slept2 & dur+ 8 sleep1 ,/4 ,!cusa1 ! y\nge/ ( ! dr[n$ wom51 appe>$ to him4 ,h[ n[1 son ,!odotus6 %e said1 y are sleep+ )\t ?9k+ ( u3 h y =gott5 s soon ! c>e ,i took ( y\r y\?8 ,d n1 de> ,!odotus1 suff] our bodies to be dev\r$ by ! fi%es4 ,g to ! lake1 b bew>e ( a traitor4 ,?is traitor 01 9 fact1 ! nephew ( ,/4 ,!cusa4 ,i omit "h a multitude ( miracul\s adv5tures t happ5$ to ! publican1 9 ord] to come to ! mo/ important4 ,a cele/ial cavali]1 arm$ cap-a-pie1 prec$$ by a cele/ial flambeau1 desc5ds f ! height ( ! empyrean1 conducts ! publican to ! lake 9 ! mid/ ( /orms1 drives away all ! soldi]s :o gu>d ! %ore1 & gives ,!odotus "t to fi% up ! sev5 old wom5 & to bury !m4 ,! nephew ( ,/4 ,!cusa un=tunately w5t & told all4 ,!odotus 0 seiz$1 & = ?ree days all sorts ( puni%m5ts 7 tri$ 9 va9 to kill him4 ,!y c\ld only atta9 _! object by cleav+ 8 skull2 an op]ation :i* sa9ts are nev] pro( aga9/4 ,he 0 /ill to be buri$4 ,8 fri5d ! m9i/] ,fronton--to :om ,!odotus1 9 8 capacity ( publican1 _h giv5 two lea!rn bottles fill$ ) w9e--made ! gu>ds drunk1 & c>ri$ (f ! body4 ,!odotus !n appe>$ 9 body & _s to ! m9i/]3 ,well1 my fri5d1 he said to him1 did ,i n say well1 t y %\ld h relics = y\r *apel8 ,su* is :at is n>rat$ by ,/4 ,nil1 an eye-witness1 :o c\ld nei!r be deceiv$ nor deceive2 su* is :at ,don ,ru9>t has quot$ z a g5u9e act4 ,n[ e man ( s5se1 e intellig5t ,*ri/ian1 w ask himself1 :e!r a bett] mode c\ld be adopt$ ( di%onor+ ! mo/ holy & v5]at$ religion 9 ! _w1 & ( turn+ x into ridicule8 ,i %all n speak ( ! ,elev5 ,?\s& ,virg9s2 ,i %all n discuss ! fable ( ! ,!ban legion1 compos$--says ! au?or--( six ?\s& six hundr$ m51 all ,*ri/ians com+ f ! ,ea/ by ,m\nt ,/4 ,b]n>d1 suff]+ m>tyrdom 9 ! ye> #bhf1 ! p]iod ( ! mo/ pr(\nd peace z reg>d$ ! ,*ur*1 & 9 ! gorge ( a m\nta9 :]e x is impossible to place #cjj m5 abrea/2 a fable writt5 m ?an #eej ye>s aft] ! ev5t2 a fable 9 :i* a k+ ( ,burgundy is spok5 ( :o nev] exi/$2 a fable1 9 %ort1 ackn[l$g$ to be absurd by all ! le>n$ :o h n lo/ _! reason4 ,behold :at ,don ,ru9>t n>rates s]i\sly6 ,let u pray to ,god = ! good s5se ( ,don ,ru9>t6 ,,section ,,ii4 ,h[ does x happ5 t1 9 ! enlight5$ age 9 :i* we live1 le>n$ & useful writ]s are /ill f\nd :o nev]!less foll[ ! /ream ( old errors1 & :o corrupt _m tru?s by admitt$ fables8 ,!y reckon ! era ( ! m>tyrs f ! fir/ ye> ( ! empire ( ,diocletian1 :o 0 !n f> en\gh f inflict+ m>tyrdom on anybody4 ,!y =get t 8 wife ,prisca 0 a ,*ri/ian1 t ! pr9cipal (fic]s ( 8 h\sehold 7 ,*ri/ians2 t he protect$ !m con/antly dur+ eighte5 ye>s2 t !y built at ,nicom$ia a *ur* m sumptu\s ?an 8 palace2 & t !y w\ld nev] h be5 p]secut$ if !y _h n outrag$ ! ,cs> ,val]ius4 ,is x possible t any "o %\ld /ill d>e to ass]t t ,diocletian di$ ( age1 despair1 & mis]y2 he :o 0 se5 to quit life l a philosoph]1 z he _h quitt$ ! empire2 he :o1 solicit$ to resume ! supreme p[] lov$ bett] to cultivate 8 f9e g>d5s at ,salonica1 ?an to reign aga9 ov] ! :ole ( ! !n kn[n _w8 ,oh1 ye compil]s6 w y nev] cease to compile8 ,y h usefully employ$ y\r ?ree f+]s2 employ /ill m usefully y\r reason4 ,:at6 y repeat to me t ,/4 ,pet] reign$ ov] ! fai?ful at ,rome = tw5ty-five ye>s1 & t ,n]o _h him put to dea? toge!r ) ,/4 ,paul1 9 ord] to av5ge ! dea? ( ,simon ! ,magician1 ^: legs !y _h brok5 by _! pray]s8 ,to report su* fables1 ?\gh ) ! be/ motive1 is to insult ,*ri/ianity4 ,! poor creatures :o /ill repeat ^! absurdities are copyi/s :o r5ew 9 octavo & duodecimo old /ories t hone/ m5 no long] read1 & :o h nev] op5$ a book ( :olesome criticism4 ,!y rake up ! antiquat$ tales ( ! ,*ur*2 !y "k no?+ ( ei!r ,middleton1 or ,dodwell1 or ,bruk]1 or ,dum\l91 or ,fabricius1 or ,grabius1 or ev5 ,dup91 or ( any "o ( ^? :o h lately c>ri$ light into ! d>kness4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,we are fool$ ) m>tyrdoms t make u break out into laught]4 ,! ,tituses1 ! ,trajans1 ! ,m>cus ,aureliuses1 are pa9t$ z mon/]s ( cruelty4 ,fleury1 abb ( ,loc ,dieu1 has disgrac$ 8 ecclesia/ical hi/ory by tales :i* a s5sible old woman w\ld n tell to little *ildr54 ,c x be s]i\sly repeat$1 t ! ,romans condemn$ sev5 virg9s1 ea* sev5ty ye>s old1 to pass ?r\gh ! h&s ( all ! "y m5 ( ! city ( ,ancyra--^? ,romans :o puni%$ ! ,ve/als ) dea? = ! lea/ gallantry8 ,a hundr$ tales ( ?is sort are f\nd 9 ! m>tyrologies4 ,! n>rators h hop$ to r5d] ! anci5t ,romans odi\s1 & !y h r5d]$ !mselves ridicul\s4 ,d y want good1 well-au!nticat$ b>b>ities--good & well-atte/$ massacres1 riv]s ( blood :i* h actually fl[$--fa!rs1 mo!rs1 husb&s1 wives1 infants at ! brea/1 :o h 9 reality _h _! ?roats cut1 & be5 heap$ on "o ano!r8 ,p]secut+ mon/]s6 seek ^! tru?s only 9 y\r own annals3 y w f9d !m 9 ! crusades aga9/ ! ,albig5ses1 9 ! massacres ( ,m]9dol & ,cabrire1 9 ! frightful day ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 9 ! massacres ( ,irel&1 9 ! valleys ( ! ,pays de ,vaud4 ,x becomes y well1 b>b>ians z y are1 to impute extravagant cruelties to ! be/ ( emp]ors2 y :o h delug$ ,europe ) blood1 & cov]$ x ) corpses1 9 ord] to prove t ! same body c be 9 a ?\s& places at once1 & t ! pope c sell indulg5ces6 ,cease to calumniate ! ,romans1 y\r law-giv]s1 & ask p>don ( ,god = ! abom9ations ( y\r =efa!rs6 ,x is n ! torture1 y say1 :i* makes m>tyrdom2 x is ! cause4 ,well6 ,i agree ) y t y\r victims ought n to be designat$ by ! "n ( m>tyr1 :i* signifies witness2 b :at "n %all we give to y\r execution]s8 ,phal>is & ,busiris 7 ! g5tle/ ( m5 9 comp>ison ) y4 ,does n y\r ,inquisition1 :i* /ill rema9s1 make reason1 nature1 & religion boil ) indignation6 ,great ,god6 if mank9d %\ld r$uce to a%es t inf]nal tribunal1 w\ld !y be unacceptable 9 ?y av5g+ eyes8 ,,mass4 ,! mass1 9 ord9>y language1 is ! greate/ & mo/ augu/ ( ! c]emonies ( ! ,*ur*4 ,diff]5t names are giv5 to x1 accord+ to ! rites practis$ 9 ! v>i\s c\ntries :]e x is celebrat$2 z ! ,moz>abian or ,go?ic mass1 ! ,greek mass1 ! ,lat9 mass4 ,dur&us & ,eckius call ^? masses dry1 9 :i* no consecration is made1 z t :i* is appo9t$ to be said 9 p>ticul> by aspirants to ! prie/hood2 & ,c>d9al ,bona relates1 on ! au?ority ( ,william ( ,nangis1 t ,/4 ,l\is1 9 8 voyage abroad1 _h x said 9 ?is mann]1 le/ ! motion ( ! vessel %\ld spill ! consecrat$ w9e4 ,he also quot$ ,gnbr>d1 :o says t he assi/$ at ,tur91 9 #aehg1 at a simil> mass1 celebrat$ 9 a *ur*1 b aft] d9n] & v late1 = ! fun]al ( a p]son ( rank4 ,pi]re le ,*antre also speaks ( ! two-fold1 ?ree-fold1 & ev5 f\r-fold mass1 9 :i* ! prie/ celebrat$ ! mass ( ! day or ! fea/1 z f> z ! (f]tory1 !n began a second1 ?ird1 & sometimes a f\r?1 z f> z ! same place2 aft] :i* he said z _m secretas z he _h begun masses2 he recit$ ! canon only once = ! :ole2 & at ! end he add$ z _m collects z he _h jo9$ toge!r masses4 ,x 0 n until ab\t ! close ( ! f\r? c5tury t ! ^w mass began to signify ! celebration ( ! eu*>i/4 ,! le>n$ ,beatus ,rh5anus1 9 8 notes on ,t]tullian1 obs]ves1 t ,/4 ,ambrose consecrat$ ?is popul> expression1 missa1 tak5 f ! s5d+ out ( ! cate*um5s1 aft] ! read+ ( ! gospel4 ,9 ! ,apo/olical ,con/itutions1 we f9d a liturgy 9 ! "n ( ,/4 ,james1 by :i* x appe>s1 t in/ead ( invok+ ! sa9ts 9 ! canon ( ! mass1 ! primitive ,*ur* pray$ = !m4 ,we also (f] to ,!e1 ,o ,"l1 said ! celebrator1 ?is bread & ?is *alice = all ! sa9ts t h be5 pleas+ 9 ,?y sight f ! beg9n+ ( ages3 = ! patri>*s1 ! prophets1 ! j1 ! apo/les1 ! m>tyrs1 ! confessors1 bi%ops1 prie/s1 deacons1 subdeacons1 read]s1 *ant]s1 virg9s1 wid[s1 laym51 & all ^: names are kn[n unto ,!e4 ,b ,/4 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem1 :o liv$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 sub/itut$ ?is explanation3 ,aft] :i*1 says he1 we commemorate ^? :o die be=e u1 & fir/ ! patri>*s1 apo/les1 & m>tyrs1 t ,god may receive our pray]s ?r\gh _! int]cession4 ,?is proves--z w be said 9 ! article on ,relics--t ! wor%ip ( ! sa9ts 0 !n beg9n+ to be introduc$ into ! ,*ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,anci5t ,rome4 ,noel ,alex&] cites acts ( ,/4 ,&rew1 9 :i* t apo/le is made to say3 ,i (f] up e day1 on ! alt> ( ! only true ,god1 n ! fle% ( bulls1 nor ! blood ( goats1 b ! unspott$ lamb1 :i* /ill rema9s liv+ & entire aft] x is sacrific$1 & all ! fai?ful eat ( its fle%2 b ?is le>n$ ,dom9ican ackn[l$ges t ?is piece 0 unkn[n until ! eigh? c5tury4 ,! fir/ :o cit$ x 0 !rius1 bi%op ( ,osma 9 ,spa91 :o wrote aga9/ lip>d 9 #ghh4 ,abdias relates t ,/4 ,john1 be+ w>n$ by ! ,"l ( ! t]m9ation ( 8 c>e]1 prep>$ = dea? & recomm5d$ 8 ,*ur* to ,god4 ,he !n _h bread br\ght to him1 :i* he took1 & lift+ up 8 h&s to heav51 bless$ x1 broke x1 & di/ribut$ x among ^? :o 7 pres5t1 say+3 ,let my portion be y\rs1 & let y\rs be m9e4 ,?is mann] ( celebrat+ ! eu*>i/--:i* means ?anksgiv+--is m con=mable to ! in/itution ( t c]emony4 ,/4 ,luke inde$ in=ms u1 t ,jesus1 aft] di/ribut+ bread & w9e among 8 apo/les1 :o 7 supp+ ) him1 said to !m3 ,d ?is 9 memory ( me4 ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,m>k say1 moreov]1 t ,jesus sang a hymn4 ,/4 ,john1 :o 9 8 gospel m5tions nei!r ! di/ribution ( ! bread & w9e1 nor ! hymn1 speaks ( ! latt] at great l5g? 9 8 ,acts1 ( :i* we give ! text1 z quot$ by ! ,second ,c\ncil ( ,nice3 ,be=e our ,"l 0 tak5 by ! ,jews1 says ?is well-belov$ apo/le ( ,jesus1 ,he assembl$ u all toge!r1 & said to u3 ',let u s+ a hymn 9 honor ( ! ,fa!r1 aft] :i* we w execute ! design we h conceiv$4' ,he ord]$ u !re=e to =m a circle1 hold+ "o ano!r by ! h&2 !n1 hav+ plac$ ,himself 9 ! middle ( ! circle1 ,he said to u3 ',am52 foll[ me4' ,!n ,he began ! canticle1 & said3 ',glory be to ,!e1 ,o ,fa!r6' ,we all answ]$1 ',am54' ,jesus cont9u$1 say+1 ',glory to ! ,^w1' etc4 ',glory to ! ,_s1' etc4 ',glory to ,grace1' etc41 & ! apo/les con/antly answ]$1 ',am54' ,aft] "s o!r doxologies1 ,jesus said1 ,i w save1 & ,i w be sav$1 ,am54 ,i w unb9d1 & ,i w be unb\nd1 ,am54 ,i w be w\nd$1 & ,i w w\nd1 ,am54 ,i w be born1 & ,i w beget1 ,am54 ,i w eat1 & ,i w be consum$1 ,am54 ,i w be he>k5$ to1 & ,i w he>k51 ,am54 ,i w be compreh5d$ by ! _s1 be+ all _s1 all und]/&+1 ,am54 ,i w be wa%$1 & ,i w wa%1 ,am54 ,grace br+s danc+2 ,i w play on ! flute2 all ( y dance1 ,am54 ,i w s+ sorr[ful airs2 n[ all ( y lam5t1 ,am54 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 :o beg9s a "p ( ?is hymn 9 8 ,epi/le to ,c]etius1 gives also ! foll[+3 ,i w deck1 & ,i w be deck$4 ,i am a lamp to ^? :o see me & "k me4 ,i am ! door = all :o w knock at x4 ,d y1 :o see :at ,i d1 be c>eful n to speak ( x4 ,?is dance ( ,jesus & ! apo/les is evid5tly imitat$ f t ( ! ,egyptian ,!rapeut1 :o danc$ aft] supp] 9 _! assemblies1 at fir/ divid$ into two *oirs1 !n unit$ ! m5 & ! wom5 toge!r1 z at ! fea/ ( ,bac*us1 aft] swall[+ pl5ty ( cele/ial w9e z ,philo says4 ,besides we "k1 t accord+ to ! ,jewi% tradition1 aft] _! com+ out ( ,egypt1 & pass+ ! ,r$ ,sea1 :5ce ! solemnity ( ! ,passov] took its "n1 ,moses & 8 si/] assembl$ two musical *oirs1 "o compos$ ( m51 ! o!r ( wom51 :o1 :ile danc+1 sang a canticle ( ?anksgiv+4 ,^! in/rum5ts in/antane\sly assembl$1 ^! *oirs arrang$ ) s mu* promptitude1 ! facility ) :i* ! songs & dances are execut$1 suppose a tra9+ 9 ^! two ex]cises mu* ant]ior to ! mom5t ( execution4 ,! usage 0 aft]w>ds p]petrat$ among ! ,jews4 ,! daught]s ( ,%iloh 7 danc+ accord+ to cu/om1 at ! solemn fea/ ( ! ,"l1 :5 ! "y m5 ( ! tribe ( ,b5jam91 to :om !y _h be5 refus$ = wives1 c>ri$ !m (f by ! c\nsel ( ! old m5 ( ,israel4 ,& at ?is day1 9 ,pale/9e1 ! wom51 assembl$ ne> ! tombs ( _! relatives1 dance 9 a m\rnful mann]1 & utt] cries ( lam5tation4 ,we also "k t ! fir/ ,*ri/ians held among !mselves agap1 or fea/s ( *>ity1 9 memory ( ! la/ supp] :i* ,jesus celebrat$ ) 8 apo/les1 f :i* ! ,pagans took occasion to br+ aga9/ !m ! mo/ odi\s *>ges2 on :i*1 to bani% e %ad[ ( lic5ti\sness1 ! pa/ors =bade ! kiss ( peace1 t conclud$ ! c]emony to be giv5 betwe5 p]sons ( diff]5t sexes4 ,b v>i\s abuses1 :i* 7 ev5 !n compla9$ ( by ,/4 ,paul1 & :i* ! ,c\ncil ( ,gangres1 9 ! ye> #cbd1 va9ly und]took to re=m1 at l5g? caus$ ! agap to be aboli%$ 9 #cig1 by ! ,?ird ,c\ncil ( ,c>?age1 ( :i* ! =ty-fir/ canon orda9$1 t ! holy my/]ies %\ld be celebrat$ fa/+4 ,x w n be d\bt$ t ^! fea/+s 7 accompani$ by dances1 :5 x is recollect$ t1 accord+ to ,scalig]1 ! bi%ops 7 call$ 9 ! ,lat9 ,*ur* prsules1 7f prsili5do7 only because !y l$ (f ! dance4 ,heliot1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,mona/ic ,ord]s1 says also1 t dur+ ! p]secutions :i* di/urb$ ! peace ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ians1 congregations 7 =m$ ( m5 & wom51 :o1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,!rapeut1 retir$ into ! des]ts1 :]e !y assembl$ 9 ! hamlets on ,sundays & fea/ days1 & danc$ pi\sly1 s++ ! pray]s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ,portugal1 9 ,spa91 & 9 ,r\ssillon1 solemn dances are /ill p]=m$ 9 honor ( ! my/]ies ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,on e vigil ( a fea/ ( ! ,virg91 ! "y wom5 assemble be=e ! doors ( ! *ur*es d$icat$ to h]1 & pass ! night 9 danc+ r\nd1 & s++ hymns & canticles 9 honor ( h]4 ,c>d9al ,xim5es re/or$ 9 8 "t1 9 ! ca!dral ( ,tol$o1 ! anci5t usage ( ! ,moz>abian mass1 dur+ :i* dances are p]=m$ 9 ! *oir & ! nave1 ) equal ord] & devotion4 ,9 ,france too1 ab\t ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury1 ! prie/s & all ! p ( ! ,limoges might be se5 danc+ r\nd 9 ! collegiate *ur*1 s++3 ,sant ,m>cian pregas p]n\s et n\s ep+>5 p] b\s--t is1 ,/4 ,m>tian1 pray = u1 & we w dance = y4 ,& la/ly1 ! ,jesuit ,m5e/ri]1 9 ! preface to 8 ,treatise on ,ballets1 publi%$ 9 #afhb1 says1 t he _h himself se5 ! canons ( "s *ur*es take ! s++ boys by ! h& on ,ea/] day1 & dance 9 ! *oir1 s++ hymns ( rejoic+4 ,:at has be5 said 9 ! article on ,cal5ds1 ( ! extravagant dances ( ! fea/ ( fools1 exhibits a "p ( ! abuses :i* h caus$ danc+ to be discont9u$ 9 ! c]emonies ( ! mass1 :i*1 ! great] _! gravity1 are ! bett] calculat$ to impose on ! simple4 ,,massacres4 ,x is p]haps z difficult z x is useless to asc]ta9 :e!r mazzacrium1 a ^w ( ! l[ ,lat91 is ! root ( massacre1 or :e!r massacre is ! root ( mazzacrium4 ,a massacre signifies a numb] ( m5 kill$4 ,!re 0 ye/]day a great massacre ne> ,w>saw--ne> ,crac[4 ,we nev] say3 ,!re has be5 a massacre ( a man2 yet we d say3 ,a man has be5 massacr$3 9 t case x is und]/ood t he has be5 kill$ b>b>\sly by _m bl[s4 ,poetry makes use ( ! ^w massacr$ = kill$1 assass9at$3 ,que p> ses propres ma9s son pre massacr4--,c9na4 ,an ,engli%man has made a compilation ( all ! massacres p]petrat$ on acc\nt ( religion s9ce ! fir/ c5turies ( our vulg> era4 ,i h be5 v mu* tempt$ to write aga9/ ! ,engli% au?or2 b 8 memoir n appe>+ to be exagg]at$1 ,i h re/ra9$ myself4 ,= ! future ,i hope !re w be no m su* calculations to make4 ,b to :om %all we be indebt$ = t8 ,,ma/]4 ,,section ,i4 ,h[ un=tunate am ,i to h be5 born6 said ,ardassan ,ougli1 a "y icoglan ( ! gr& sultan ( ! ,turks4 ,yet if ,i dep5d$ only on ! sultan--b ,i am also subject to ! *ief ( my oda1 to ! cassigi ba*i2 & :5 ,i receive my pay1 ,i mu/ pro/rate myself be=e a cl]k ( ! teft>d>1 :o keeps back half ( x4 ,i 0 n sev5 ye>s old1 :51 9 spite ( myself1 ,i 0 circumcis$ ) great c]emony1 & 0 ill = a =tnight aft] x4 ,! d]vi% :o prays to u is also my ma/]2 an iman is /ill m my ma/]1 & ! mullah /ill m s ?an ! iman4 ,! cadi is ano!r ma/]1 ! kadeslesk] a great]2 ! mufti a great] ?an all ^! toge!r4 ,! kiaia ( ! gr& vizi] ) "o ^w c\ld cause me to be ?r[n into ! canal2 & f9ally1 ! gr& vizi] c\ld h me behead$1 & ! sk9 ( my head /ripp$ (f1 )\t any p]son c>+ ab\t ! matt]4 ,great ,god1 h[ _m ma/]s6 ,if ,i _h z _m s\ls & bodies z ,i h duties to fulfil1 ,i c\ld n be> x4 ,oh ,allah6 :y ha/ ?\ n made me an owl8 ,i %\ld live free 9 my hole & eat mice at my ease1 )\t ma/]s or s]vants4 ,?is is assur$ly ! true de/9y ( man2 !re 7 no ma/]s until x 0 p]v]t$2 no man 0 made to s]ve ano!r cont9ually4 ,if ?+s 7 9 ord]1 ea* %\ld *>itably help 8 neighbor4 ,! quick-sight$ w\ld conduct ! bl9d1 ! active w\ld be crut*es to ! lame4 ,?is w\ld be ! p>adise ( ,mahomet1 in/ead ( ! hell :i* is =m$ precisely "u ! inconceivably n>r[ bridge4 ,?us spoke ,ardassan ,ougli1 aft] be+ ba/9ado$ by "o ( 8 ma/]s4 ,"s ye>s aft]w>ds1 ,ardassan ,ougli became a pa%a ) ?ree tails4 ,he made a prodigi\s =tune1 & firmly believ$ t all m5 except ! gr& ,turk & ! gr& vizi] 7 born to s]ve him1 & all wom5 to give him pleasure accord+ to 8 wi%es4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,h[ c "o man become ! ma/] ( ano!r8 ,& by :at k9d ( incompreh5sible magic has he be5 able to become ! ma/] ( sev]al o!r m58 ,a great numb] ( good volumes h be5 writt5 on ?is subject1 b ,i give ! pref]5ce to an ,indian fable1 because x is %ort1 & fables expla9 ev]y?+4 ,adimo1 ! fa!r ( all ! ,indians1 _h two sons & two daught]s by 8 wife ,pocriti4 ,! elde/ 0 a vigor\s giant1 ! y\nge/ 0 a little hun*back1 ! two girls 7 pretty4 ,z soon z ! giant 0 /rong en\gh1 he lay ) 8 two si/]s1 & caus$ ! little hun*back to s]ve him4 ,( 8 two si/]s1 ! "o 0 8 cook1 ! o!r 8 g>d5]4 ,:5 ! giant w\ld sleep1 he began by *a9+ 8 little bro!r to a tree2 & :5 ! latt] fl$ f him1 he caught him 9 f\r /rides1 & gave him tw5ty bl[s ) ! /r5g? ( an ox4 ,! dw>f submitt$ & became ! be/ subject 9 ! _w4 ,! giant1 satisfi$ ) see+ him fulfil ! duties ( a subject1 p]mitt$ him to sleep ) "o ( 8 si/]s1 ) :om he 0 disgu/$4 ,! *ildr5 :o sprang f ?is m>riage 7 n q hun*backs1 b !y 7 suffici5tly de=m$4 ,!y 7 br\ght up 9 ! fe> ( ,god & ( ! giant4 ,!y receiv$ an excell5t education2 !y 7 taught t _! uncle 0 a giant by div9e "r1 :o c\ld d :at he pleas$ ) all 8 family2 t if he _h "s pretty niece or gr&-niece1 he %\ld h h] )\t difficulty1 & n "o %\ld m>ry h] unless he p]mitt$ x4 ,! giant dy+1 8 son1 :o 0 nei!r s /rong or s great z he 01 believ$ himself to be l 8 fa!r1 a giant by div9e "r4 ,he pret5d$ to make all ! m5 "w = him1 & slept ) all ! girls4 ,! family lagu$ aga9/ him3 he 0 kill$1 & !y became a republic4 ,! ,siamese pret5d1 t on ! contr>y ! family comm5c$ by be+ republican2 & t ! giant exi/$ n until aft] a great _m ye>s & diss5sions3 b all ! au?ors ( ,b5>es & ,siam agree t m5 liv$ an inf9ity ( ages be=e !y _h ! wit to make laws1 & !y prove x by an unansw]able argum5t1 :i* is t ev5 at pres5t1 :5 all ! _w piques itself ^u hav+ wit1 we h n yet f\nd ! means ( mak+ a score ( laws passably good4 ,x is /ill1 = example1 an insoluble "q 9 ,india1 :e!r republics 7 e/abli%$ be=e or aft] mon>*ies2 if confusion has appe>$ m horrible to m5 ?an despotism6 ,i am ignorant h[ x happ5$ 9 ord] ( "t1 b 9 t ( nature we mu/ agree t m5 are all born equal3 viol5ce & ability made ! fir/ ma/]s2 laws h made ! pres5t4 ,,matt]4 ,,section ,i4 ,a ,polite ,dialogue ,betwe5 ,a ,demoniac ,& ,a ,philosoph]4 ,,demoniac4 ,yes1 ?\ enemy ( ,god & man1 :o believe/ t ,god is all-p[]ful1 & is at lib]ty to conf] ! gift ( ?\ght on e be+ :om ,he %all v\*safe to *oose1 ,i w g & d5\nce !e to ! inquisitor2 ,i w h !e burn$4 ,bew>e1 ,i w>n !e = ! la/ "t4 ,,philosoph]4 ,are ^! y\r argum5ts8 ,is x ?us y tea* mank9d8 ,i admire y\r mildness4 ,,demoniac4 ,come1 ,i w be pati5t = a mom5t :ile ! fagots are prep>+4 ,answ] me3 ,:at is _s8 ,,philosoph]4 ,i "k n4 ,,demoniac4 ,:at is matt]8 ,,philosoph]4 ,i sc>cely "k4 ,i believe x to h ext5t1 solidity1 resi/ance1 gravity1 divisibility1 mobility4 ,god may h giv5 x a ?\s& o!r qualities ( :i* ,i am ignorant4 ,,demoniac4 ,a ?\s& o!r qualities1 traitor6 ,i see :at ?\ w\ld/ be at2 ?\ w\ld/ tell me t ,god c animate matt]1 t ,he has giv5 in/9ct to animals1 t ,he is ! ,ma/] ( all4 ,,philosoph]4 ,b x may v well be1 t ,he has grant$ to ?is matt] _m prop]ties :i* y _c compreh5d4 ,,demoniac4 ,:i* ,i _c compreh5d1 villa96 ,,philosoph]4 ,yes4 ,8 p[] goes mu* fur!r ?an y\r und]/&+4 ,,demoniac4 ,8 p[]6 ,8 p[]6 ?\ talke/ l a true a!i/4 ,,philosoph]4 ,h[ev]1 ,i h ! te/imony ( _m holy fa!rs on my side4 ,,demoniac4 ,g to1 g to3 nei!r ,god nor !y %all prev5t u f burn+ !e alive--! dea? inflict$ on p>ricides & on philosoph]s :o are n ( our op9ion4 ,,philosoph]4 ,0 x ! devil or y\rself t inv5t$ ?is me?od ( argu+8 ,,demoniac4 ,vile wret*6 d>e/ ?\ to c\ple my "n ) ! devil's8 7,"h ! demoniac /rikes ! philosoph]1 :o returns him ! bl[ ) int]e/47 ,,philosoph]4 ,help6 philosoph]s6 ,,demoniac4 ,holy bro!rhood6 help6 7,"h half a doz5 philosoph]s arrive on "o side1 & on ! o!r ru% 9 a hundr$ ,dom9icans1 ) a hundr$ ,famili>s ( ! ,inquisition1 & a hundr$ alguazils4 ,! conte/ is too unequal47 ,,section ,,ii4 ,:5 wise m5 are ask$ :at is ! s\l !y answ] t !y "k n4 ,if !y are ask$ :at matt] is1 !y make ! same reply4 ,x is true t !re are pr(essors1 & p>ticul>ly s*ol>s1 :o "k all ?is p]fectly2 & :5 !y h repeat$ t matt] has ext5t & divisibility1 !y ?9k !y h said all2 be+ press$1 h[ev]1 to say :at ?is ?+ is :i* is ext5d$1 !y f9d !mselves consid]ably emb>rass$4 ,x is compos$ ( p>ts1 say !y4 ,& ( :at are ^! p>ts compos$8 ,are ! elem5ts ( ! p>ts divisible8 ,!n !y are mute1 or !y talk a great deal2 :i* are equally suspici\s4 ,is ?is almo/ unkn[n be+ call$ matt]1 et]nal8 ,su* 0 ! belief ( all antiquity4 ,has x ( itself =ce8 ,_m philosoph]s h ?\ght s4 ,h ^? :o d5y x a "r to d5y x8 ,y conceive n t matt] c h any?+ ( itself2 b h[ c y be assur$ t x has n ( itself ! prop]ties necess>y to x8 ,y are ignorant ( its nature1 & y refuse x ! modes :i* nev]!less are 9 its nature3 = x c no soon] h be51 ?an x has be5 9 a c]ta9 fa%ion--x has _h figure1 & hav+ necess>ily figure1 is x impossible t x %\ld n h _h o!r modes atta*$ to its configuration8 ,matt] exi/s1 b y "k x only by y\r s5sations4 ,alas6 ( :at avail h be5 all ! subtleties ( ! m9d s9ce man fir/ reason$8 ,geometry has taught u _m tru?s1 metaphysics v few4 ,we weigh matt]1 we measure x1 we decompose x2 & if we seek to advance "o /ep beyond ^! gross op]ations1 we f9d ourselves p[]less1 & be=e u an immeasurable abyss4 ,pray =give all mank9d :o 7 deceiv$ 9 ?9k+ t matt] exi/$ by itself4 ,c\ld !y d o!rwise8 ,h[ are we to imag9e t :at is )\t succession has n always be58 ,if x 7 n necess>y = matt] to exi/1 :y %\ld x exi/8 ,& if x 7 necess>y t x %\ld be1 :y %\ld x n h be5 =ev]8 ,no axiom has ev] be5 m univ]sally receiv$ ?an ?is3 ,( no?+1 no?+ comes4 ,inde$ ! contr>y is incompreh5sible4 ,) e nation1 *aos prec$$ ! arrangem5t :i* a div9e h& made ( ! :ole _w4 ,! et]nity ( matt] has ) no p be5 injuri\s to ! wor%ip ( ! ,div9ity4 ,religion 0 nev] />tl$ at ! recognition ( an et]nal ,god z ! ma/] ( an et]nal matt]4 ,we ( ! pres5t day are s happy z to "k by fai? t ,god br\ght matt] out ( no?+2 b no nation has ev] be5 in/ruct$ 9 ?is dogma2 ev5 ! ,jews 7 ignorant ( x4 ,! fir/ v]se ( ,g5esis says1 t ! ,gods--,elom1 n ,eloi--made heav5 & e>?4 ,x does n say1 t heav5 & e>? 7 creat$ out ( no?+4 ,philo1 :o liv$ at ! only "t :5 ! ,jews _h any erudition1 says1 9 8 ,*apt] on ! ,creation1 ,god1 be+ good by nature1 bore no envy aga9/ sub/ance1 matt]2 :i* ( itself _h no?+ good1 hav+ by nature only in]tness1 confusion1 & disord]2 x 0 bad1 & ,he v\*saf$ to make x good4 ,! idea ( *aos put into ord] by a ,god1 is to be f\nd 9 all anci5t !ogonies4 ,hesiod repeat$ ! op9ion ( ! ,ori5tals1 :5 he said 9 8 ,!ogony1 ,*aos 0 t :i* fir/ exi/$4 ,! :ole ,roman ,empire spoke 9 ^! words ( ,ovid3 ,sic ubi dispositam quisquis fuit ille ,deorum ,cong]iem secuit4 ,matt] !n1 9 ! h&s ( ,god1 0 consid]$ l clay "u ! pott]'s :eel1 if ^! feeble images may be us$ to express ,8 div9e p[]4 ,matt]1 be+ et]nal1 mu/ h _h et]nal prop]ties--z configuration1 ! vis in]ti1 motion1 & divisibility4 ,b ?is divisibility is only a consequ5ce ( motion2 = )\t motion no?+ is divid$1 nor sep>at$1 nor arrang$4 ,motion !re=e 0 reg>d$ z ess5tial to matt]4 ,*aos _h be5 a confus$ motion1 & ! arrangem5t ( ! univ]se 0 a regul> motion1 communicat$ to all bodies by ! ,ma/] ( ! _w4 ,b h[ c matt] h motion by itself1 z x has1 accord+ to all ! anci5ts1 ext5t & divisibility8 ,b x _c be conceiv$ to be )\t ext5t1 & x may be conceiv$ to be )\t motion4 ,to ?is x 0 answ]$3 ,x is impossible t matt] %\ld n be p]meable2 & be+ p]meable1 some?+ mu/ be cont9ually pass+ ?r\gh its pores4 ,:y %\ld !re be passages1 if no?+ passes8 ,reply & rejo9d] might ?us be cont9u$ =ev]4 ,! sy/em ( ! et]nity ( matt]1 l all o!r sy/ems1 has v great difficulties4 ,t ( ! =mation ( matt] out ( no?+ is no less incompreh5sible4 ,we mu/ admit x1 & n flatt] ourselves ) acc\nt+ = x2 philosophy does n acc\nt = ev]y?+4 ,h[ _m incompreh5sible ?+s are we n oblig$ to admit1 ev5 9 geometry6 ,c any "o conceive two l9es con/antly approa*+ ea* o!r1 yet nev] meet+8 ,geometricians inde$ w tell y1 ! prop]ties ( asymptotes are demon/rat$2 y _c help admitt+ !m--b creation is n2 :y !n admit x8 ,:y is x h>d = y to believe1 l all ! anci5ts1 9 ! et]nity ( matt]8 ,! !ologian w press y on ! o!r side1 & say3 ,if y believe 9 ! et]nity ( matt] !n y ackn[l$ge two pr9ciples--,god & matt]2 y fall into ! error ( ,zoroa/] & ( ,manes4 ,no answ] c be giv5 to ! geometricians1 = ^? folks "k ( no?+ b _! l9es1 _! sup]ficies1 & _! solids2 b y may say to ! !ologians3 ,:]e9 am ,i a ,mani*an8 ,"h are /ones :i* an ar*itect has n made1 b ( :i* he has erect$ an imm5se build+4 ,i d n admit two ar*itects2 ! r\gh /ones h obey$ p[] & g5ius4 ,happily1 :atev] sy/em a man embraces1 x is 9 no way hurtful to morality2 = :at imports x :e!r matt] is made or arrang$8 ,god is /ill an absolute ma/]4 ,:e!r *aos 0 creat$ out ( no?+1 or only r$uc$ to ord]1 x is /ill our duty to be virtu\s2 sc>cely any ( ^! metaphysical que/ions affect ! conduct ( life4 ,x is ) disputes z ) table talk2 ea* "o =gets aft] d9n] :at he has said1 & goes :i!rsoev] 8 int]e/ or 8 incl9ation calls him4 ,,meet+s 7,,public74 ,meet+1 assemble1 is a g5]al t]m applicable to any collection ( p = secul>1 sacr$1 political1 conv]sational1 fe/ive1 or corporate purposes2 9 %ort1 to all occasions on :i* numb]s meet toge!r4 ,x is a t]m :i* prev5ts all v]bal disputes1 & all abusive & injuri\s implications by :i* m5 are 9 ! habit ( /igmatiz+ societies to :i* !y d n !mselves belong4 ,! legal meet+ or assembly ( ! ,a!nians 0 call$ ! *ur*4 ,?is ^w *ur*1 be+ peculi>ly appropriat$ among u to express a convocation ( ,ca?olics 9 "o place1 we did n 9 ! fir/ in/ance apply x to ! public assembly ( ,prote/ants2 b us$ inde$ ! expression--a flock ( ,hugu5ots4 ,polit5ess h[ev]1 :i* 9 "t explodes all noxi\s t]ms1 at l5g? employ$ = ! purpose ! t]m assembly or meet+1 :i* (f5ds no "o4 ,9 ,engl& ! dom9ant ,*ur* applies ! "n ( meet+ to ! *ur*es ( all ! non-con=mi/s4 ,! ^w assembly is p>ticul>ly suitable to a collection ( p]sons invit$ to g & pass _! ev5+ at a h\se :]e ! ho/ receives !m ) c\rtesy & k9dness1 & :]e play1 conv]sation1 supp]1 & danc+1 con/itute _! amusem5ts4 ,if ! numb] invit$ be small1 x is n call$ an assembly1 b a r5dezv\s ( fri5ds2 & fri5ds are nev] v num]\s4 ,assemblies are call$1 9 ,italian1 conv]sazione1 ridotto4 ,! ^w ridotto is prop]ly :at we once signifi$ by ! ^w r$uit1 intr5*m5t2 b r$uit hav+ sunk into a t]m ( contempt among u1 our editors translat$ rid\t by r$\bt4 ,! pap]s in=m$ u1 among ! important intellig5ce conta9$ 9 !m relat+ to ,europe1 t _m noblem5 ( ! highe/ consid]ation w5t to take *ocolate at ! h\se ( ! pr9cess ,borghese2 & t !re 0 a r$\bt !re4 ,x 0 ann\nc$ to ,europe1 9 ano!r p>agraph1 t !re w\ld be a r$\bt on ! foll[+ ,tuesday at ! h\se ( h] excell5cy ! m>*ioness ( ,santafior4 ,x 0 f\nd1 h[ev]1 t 9 relat+ ! ev5ts ( w>1 x 0 necess>y to speak ( real r$\bts1 :i* 9 fact impli$ ?+s actually r$\btable & =midable1 f :i* cannon 7 dis*>g$4 ,! ^w 01 !re=e1 9 su* circum/ances1 obvi\sly unsuitable to ! ridotti pacifici1 ! pacific r$\bts ( m]e amusem5t2 & ! old t]m assembly 0 re/or$1 :i* is inde$ ! only prop] "o4 ,r5dezv\s is occasionally us$1 b x is m adapt$ to a small company1 & mo/ ( all = two individuals4 ,,messiah4 ,adv]tisem5t4 ,?is article is by ,m4 ,poli] de ,bott5s1 ( an old ,fr5* family1 settl$ = two hundr$ ye>s 9 ,switz]l&4 ,he is fir/ pa/or ( ,lausanne1 & 8 k is equal to 8 piety4 ,he compos$ ?is article = ! great ,encyclopdia1 9 :i* x 0 ins]t$4 ,only ^? passages 7 suppress$ :i* ! exam9]s ?\ght might be abus$ by ! ,ca?olics1 less le>n$ & less pi\s ?an ! au?or4 ,x 0 receiv$ ) applause by all ! wise4 ,x 0 pr9t$ at ! same "t 9 ano!r small diction>y1 & 0 attribut$ 9 ,france to a man :om !re 0 no reluctance to mole/4 ,! article 0 suppos$ to be impi\s1 because x 0 suppos$ to be by a layman2 & ! "w & its pret5d$ au?or 7 viol5tly attack$4 ,! man ?us accus$ cont5t$ himself ) laugh+ at ! mi/ake4 ,he beheld ) compassion ?is in/ance ( ! errors & inju/ices :i* m5 are e day committ+ 9 _! judgm5ts2 = he _h ! wise & le>n$ prie/'s manuscript1 writt5 by 8 own h&4 ,x is /ill 9 8 possession1 & w be %[n to :oev] may *oose to exam9e x4 ,9 x w be f\nd ! v erasures made by ?is layman himself1 to prev5t malignant int]pretations4 ,n[ we repr9t ?is article 9 all ! integrity ( ! orig9al4 ,we h contract$ x only to prev5t repeat+ :at we h pr9t$ else:]e2 b we h n add$ a s+le ^w4 ,! be/ ( ?is affair is1 t "o ( ! v5]able au?or's bre?r5 wrote ! mo/ ridicul\s ?+s 9 ! _w aga9/ ?is article ( 8 rev]5d bro!r's1 ?9k+ t he 0 writ+ aga9/ a common enemy4 ,?is is l fight+ 9 ! d>k1 :5 "o is attack$ by "o's own p>ty4 ,x has a ?\s& times happ5$ t controv]siali/s h condemn$ passages 9 ,/4 ,augu/9e & ,/4 ,j]ome1 n kn[+ t !y 7 by ^? fa!rs4 ,!y w\ld ana!matize a "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t if !y _h n he>d by :om x 0 writt54 ,?us x is t m5 too (t5 judge4 99 99 99 99 99 ,messiah1 ,messias4 ,?is ^w comes f ! ,hebrew1 & is synonym\s ) ! ,greek ^w ,*ri/4 ,bo? are t]ms consecrat$ 9 religion1 :i* are n[ no long] giv5 to any b ! ano9t$ by em95ce--! ,sov]eign ,deliv]] :om ! anci5t ,jewi% p expect$1 = ^: com+ !y /ill sigh1 & :om ! ,*ri/ians f9d 9 ! p]son ( ,jesus ! ,son ( ,m>y1 :om !y consid] z ! ano9t$ ( ! ,"l1 ! ,messiah promis$ to humanity4 ,! ,greeks also use ! ^w ,elcimm]os1 mean+ ! same ?+ z ,*ri/os4 ,9 ! ,old ,te/am5t we see t ! ^w ,messiah1 f> f be+ peculi> to ! ,deliv]]1 = ^: com+ ! p ( ,israel sigh$1 0 n ev5 s to ! true & fai?ful s]vants ( ,god1 b t ?is "n 0 (t5 giv5 to idolatr\s k+s & pr9ces1 :o 71 9 ! h&s ( ! ,et]nal1 ! m9i/]s ( ,8 v5geance1 or in/rum5ts = execut+ ! c\nsels ( ,8 wisdom4 ,s ! au?or ( ,ecclesia/icus says ( ,eli%a3 ,qui ungis reges ad p5it5tiam2 or1 z x is r5d]$ by ! ,septuag9t1 ad v9dictam--,y ano9t k+s to execute ! v5geance ( ! ,"l4 ,!re=e ,he s5t a prophet to ano9t ,jehu1 k+ ( ,israel1 & ann\nc$ sacr$ unction to ,hazael1 k+ ( ,damascus & ,syria2 ^? two pr9ces be+ ! ,messiahs ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 to rev5ge ! crimes & abom9ations ( ! h\se ( ,ahab4 ,b 9 ,isaiah1 xlv41 #a1 ! "n ( ,messiah is expressly giv5 to ,cyrus3 ,?us sai? ! ,"l to ,cyrus1 ,8 ano9t$1 ,8 ,messiah1 ^: "r h& ,i h hold5 to subdue nations be=e him4 etc4 ,ezekiel1 9 8 ,revelations1 xxviii41 #ad1 gives ! "n ( ,messiah to ! k+ ( ,tyre1 :om he also calls ,*]ub91 & speaks ( him & 8 glory 9 t]ms full ( an emphasis ( :i* x is easi] to feel ! beauties ?an to cat* ! s5se4 ,son ( man1 says ! ,et]nal to ! prophet1 take up a lam5tation ^u ! k+ ( ,tyre1 & say unto him1 ,?us sai? ! ,"l ,god2 ?\ seale/ up ! sun1 full ( wisdom1 & p]fect 9 beauty4 ,?\ ha/ be5 ! ,"l's ,g>d5 ( ,ed5--or1 accord+ to o!r v]sions1 ,?\ wa/ all ! ,"l's delight--e preci\s /one 0 ?y cov]+2 ! s>dius1 topaz1 & ! diamond2 ! b]yl1 ! onyx1 & ! jasp]2 ! sapphire1 ! em]ald1 & ! c>buncle & gold3 ! workman%ip ( ?y tabrets & ?y pipes 0 prep>$ 9 !e 9 ! day t ?\ wa/ creat$4 ,?\ wa/ a ,*]ub91 a ,messiah1 = protection1 & ,i set !e up2 ?\ ha/ be5 ^u ! holy m\nta9 ( ,god2 ?\ ha/ walk$ up & d[n 9 ! mid/ ( ! /ones ( fire4 ,?\ wa/ p]fect 9 ?y ways f ! day t ?\ 0 creat$ till iniquity 0 f\nd 9 !e4 ,& ! "n ( ,messiah1 9 ,greek1 ,*ri/1 0 giv5 to ! k+1 prophets1 & high prie/s ( ! ,hebrews4 ,we read1 9 ,i4 ,k+s1 xii41 #e3 ,! ,"l is witness aga9/ y1 & 8 ,messiah is witness2 t is1 ! k+ :om he has set up4 ,& else:]e3 ,t\* n my ,ano9t$2 d no evil to my prophets4444 ,david1 animat$ by ! ,_s ( ,god1 repeat$ly gives to 8 fa!r-9-law ,saul1 :om he _h no cause to love--he gives1 ,i say1 to ?is reprobate k+1 f :om ! ,_s ( ! ,et]nal 0 )drawn1 ! "n & title ( ,ano9t$1 or ,messiah ( ! ,"l4 ,god pres]ve me1 says he frequ5tly1 f lay+ my h& ^u ! ,"l's ,ano9t$1 ^u ,god's ,messiah4 ,if ! f9e title ( ,messiah1 or ,ano9t$ ( ! ,et]nal1 0 giv5 to idolatr\s k+s1 to cruel & tyrannical pr9ces1 x v (t5 inde$1 9 our anci5t oracles1 designat$ ! real ,ano9t$ ( ! ,"l1 ! ,messiah by em95ce2 ! object ( ! desire & expectation ( all ! fai?ful ( ,israel4 ,?us ,hannah1 ! "m ( ,samuel1 conclud$ h] canticle ) ^! rem>kable words1 :i* _c apply to any k+1 = we "k t at t "t ! ,jews _h n "o3 ,! ,"l %all judge ! ends ( ! e>?2 & ,he %all give /r5g? unto ,8 k+1 & exalt ! horn ( ,8 ,messiah4 ,we f9d ! same ^w 9 ! foll[+ oracles3 ,psalm ii1 #b2 ,j]emiah1 ,lam5tations1 iv1 #bj2 ,daniel1 ix1 #be2 ,habakkuk1 iii1 #ac4 ,if we comp>e all ^! diff]5t oracles1 & 9 g5]al all ^? ord9>ily appli$ to ! ,messiah1 !re w result contradictions1 almo/ irreconcilable1 ju/ify+ to a c]ta9 po9t ! ob/9acy ( ! p to :om ^! oracles 7 giv54 ,h[ inde$ c\ld ^! be conceiv$1 be=e ! ev5t _h s well ju/ifi$ x 9 ! p]son ( ,jesus1 ,son ( ,m>y8 ,h[1 ,i say1 c\ld !re be conceiv$ an intellig5ce 9 "s sort div9e & human toge!r2 a be+ bo? great & lovely1 triumph+ ov] ! devil1 yet tempt$ & c>ri$ away by t inf]nal _s1 t pr9ce ( ! p[]s ( ! air1 & made to travel 9 spite ( himself2 at once ma/] & s]vant1 k+ & subject1 sacrific] & victim1 mortal & immortal1 ri* & poor1 a glori\s conqu]or1 ^: reign %all h no end1 :o is to subdue all nature by prodigies1 & yet a man ( sorr[s1 )\t ! conv5i5ces1 (t5 )\t ! absolute necess>ies ( ?is life1 ( :i* he calls himself k+2 & t he comes1 cov]$ ) glory & honor1 t]m9at+ a life ( innoc5ce & wret*$ness1 ( incessant crosses & contradictions1 by a dea? alike %ameful & cruel1 f9d+ 9 ?is v humiliation1 ?is extraord9>y abasem5t1 ! s\rce ( an unp>allel$ elevation1 :i* raises him to ! summit ( glory1 p[]1 & felicity2 t is1 to ! rank ( ! fir/ ( creatures8 ,all ,*ri/ians agree 9 f9d+ ^! *>act]i/ics1 app>5tly s incompatible1 9 ! p]son ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 :om !y call ! ,*ri/2 ,8 foll[]s gave ,him ?is title by em95ce1 n t ,he _h be5 ano9t$ 9 a s5sible & mat]ial mann]1 z "s k+s1 prophets1 & sacrific]s anci5tly 71 b because ! ,div9e ,_s _h designat$ ,him = ^? great (fices1 & ,he _h receiv$ ! spiritual unction necess>y !reunto4 ,we _h proce$$ ?us f> on s compet5t an article1 :5 a ,dut* prea*]1 m celebrat$ = ?is discov]y ?an = ! indiff]5t productions ( a g5ius o!rwise feeble & ill-=m$1 %[$ to u t our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,messiah ( ,god1 0 ano9t$ at ! ?ree gr& p]iods ( ,8 life1 z our ,k+1 our ,prophet1 & our ,sacrific]4 ,at ! "t ( ,8 baptism1 ! voice ( ! ,sov]eign ,ma/] ( nature decl>$ ,him to be ,8 ,son1 ,8 only1 ,8 well-belov$ ,son1 & = t v reason ,8 repres5tative4 ,:5 on ,m\nt ,tabor ,he 0 transfigur$ & associat$ ) ,moses & ,elias1 ! same sup]natural voice ann\nces ,him to humanity z ! ,son ( ,him :o loves & :o s5ds ! prophets2 z ,he :o is to be he>k5$ to 9 pref]5ce to all o!rs4 ,9 ,ge?semane1 an angel comes d[n f heav5 to support ,him 9 ! extreme angui% occasion$ by ! approa* ( ,8 torm5ts1 & /r5g!n ,him aga9/ ! t]rible appreh5sions ( a dea? :i* ,he _c avoid1 & enable ,him to become a sacrific] ! m excell5t1 z ,himself is ! pure & innoc5t victim t ,he is ab\t to (f]4 ,! judici\s ,dut* prea*]1 a disciple ( ! illu/ri\s ,cocceius1 f9ds ! sacram5tal oil ( ^! diff]5t cele/ial unctions 9 ! visible signs :i* ! p[] ( ,god caus$ to appe> on ,8 ano9t$2 9 ,8 baptism1 ! %ad[ ( ! dove1 repres5t+ ! ,holy ,gho/ com+ d[n f ,him2 on ,tabor1 ! miracul\s cl\d1 :i* envelop$ ,him2 9 ,ge?semane1 ! bloody sweat1 :i* cov]$ ,8 :ole body4 ,aft] ?is1 x w\ld inde$ be ! height ( incr$ulity n to recognize by ^! m>ks ! ,"l's ,ano9t$ by em95ce--! promis$ ,messiah2 nor d\btless c\ld we suffici5tly deplore ! inconceivable bl9dness ( ! ,jewi% p1 b t x 0 "p ( ! plan ( ,god's inf9ite wisdom1 & 01 9 ,8 m]ciful views1 ess5tial to ! accompli%m5t ( ,8 "w & ! salvation ( humanity4 ,b x mu/ also be ackn[l$g$1 t 9 ! /ate ( oppression 9 :i* ! ,jewi% p 7 groan+1 & aft] all ! glori\s promises :i* ! ,et]nal _h s (t5 made !m1 !y mu/ h long$ = ! com+ ( a ,messiah1 & look$ t[>ds x z ! p]iod ( _! happy deliv]ance2 & t !y are !re=e to an ext5t excusable = n hav+ recogniz$ a deliv]] 9 ! p]son ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 s9ce x is 9 man's nature to c>e m = ! body ?an = ! _s1 & to be m s5sible to pres5t wants ?an flatt]$ by advantages to come1 & = t v reason1 always unc]ta94 ,x mu/ inde$ be believ$ t ,abraham1 & aft] him a v small numb] ( patri>*s & prophets1 7 capable ( =m+ an idea ( ! nature ( ! spiritual reign ( ! ,messiah2 b ^! ideas w\ld necess>ily be limit$ to ! n>r[ circle ( ! inspir$1 & x is n a/oni%+ t1 be+ unkn[n to ! multitude1 ^! notions 7 s f> alt]$ t1 :5 ! ,savi\r appe>$ 9 ,juda1 ! p1 _! doctors1 & ev5 _! pr9ces1 expect$ a mon>*--a conqu]or--:o1 by ! rapidity ( 8 conque/s 0 to subdue ! :ole _w4 ,& h[ c\ld ^! flatt]+ ideas be reconcil$ ) ! abject & app>5tly mis]able condition ( ,jesus ,*ri/8 ,s1 feel+ sc&aliz$ by ,8 ann\nc+ ,himself z ! ,messiah1 !y p]secut$ ,him1 reject$ ,him1 & put ,him to ! mo/ ignom9i\s dea?4 ,hav+ s9ce !n f\nd no?+ t5d+ to ! fulfilm5t ( _! oracles1 & be+ unwill+ to r5\nce !m1 !y indulge 9 all sorts ( ideas1 ea* "o m *im]ical ?an ! "o prec$+4 ,?us1 :5 !y beheld ! triumphs ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 & f\nd t mo/ ( _! anci5t oracles might be expla9$ spiritually1 & appli$ to ,jesus ,*ri/1 !y ?\ght prop]1 aga9/ ! op9ion ( _! fa!rs1 to d5y t ! passages :i* we allege aga9/ !m are to be und]/ood ( ! ,messiah1 ?us tortur+ our ,holy ,scriptures to _! own loss4 ,"s ( !m ma9ta9 t _! oracles h be5 misund]/ood2 t x is 9 va9 to long = ! com+ ( a ,messiah1 s9ce ,he has already come 9 ! p]son ( ,eze*ias4 ,su* 0 ! op9ion ( ! fam\s ,hillel4 ,o!rs m lax1 or politely yield+ to times & circum/ances1 ass]t t ! belief 9 ! com+ ( a ,messiah is n a fundam5tal article ( fai?1 & t ! d5y+ ( ?is dogma ei!r does n injure ! integrity ( ! law1 or injures x b slightly4 ,?us ! ,jew ,albo said to ! pope1 t to d5y ! com+ ( ! ,messiah 0 only to cut (f a bran* ( ! tree )\t t\*+ ! root4 ,! celebrat$ rabbi1 ,solomon ,j>*i or ,ras*i1 :o liv$ at ! comm5cem5t ( ! twelf? c5tury1 says1 9 8 ,talmudes1 t ! anci5t ,hebrews believ$ ! ,messiah to h be5 born on ! day ( ! la/ de/ruction ( ,j]usalem by ! ,roman armies4 ,?is is inde$ call+ 9 ! physician :5 ! man is dead4 ,! rabbi ,kim*i1 :o also liv$ 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 ann\nc$ t ! ,messiah1 ^: com+ he believ$ to be v ne>1 w\ld drive ! ,*ri/ians out ( ,juda1 :i* 0 !n 9 _! possession2 & x is true t ! ,*ri/ians lo/ ! ,holy ,l&2 b x 0 ,salad9 :o vanqui%$ !m4 ,_h t conqu]or b protect$ ! ,jews1 & decl>$ = !m1 x is n unlikely t 9 _! en?usiasm !y w\ld h made him _! ,messiah4 ,sacr$ writ]s1 & our ,"l ,jesus ,himself1 (t5 comp>e ! reign ( ! ,messiah & et]nal beatitude to a nuptial fe/ival or a banquet2 b ! ,talmudi/s h /rangely abus$ ^! p>ables2 accord+ to !m1 ! ,messiah w give to 8 p1 assembl$ 9 ! l& ( ,canaan1 a repa/ 9 :i* ! w9e w be t :i* 0 made by ,adam himself 9 ! t]re/rial p>adise1 & :i* is kept dry1 9 va/ cell>s1 by ! angels at ! c5tre ( ! e>?4 ,at ! fir/ c\rse w be s]v$ up ! fam\s fi% call$ ! great ,levia?an1 :i* swall[s up at once a small] fi%1 :i* small] fi% is nev]!less ?ree hundr$ leagues long2 ! :ole mass ( ! wat]s is laid ^u ,levia?an4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ a male & a female ( ?is fi%2 b le/ !y %\ld ov]turn ! l&1 & fill ! _w ) _! k9d1 ,god kill$ ! female1 & salt$ h] = ! ,messiah's fea/4 ,! rabbis add1 t !re w also be kill$ = ?is repa/ ! bull ,behemo?1 :i* is s l>ge t he eats ea* day ! hay f a ?\s& m\nta9s4 ,! female ( ?is bull 0 kill$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 t s prodigi\s a species might n multiply1 s9ce ?is c\ld only h injur$ ! o!r creatures2 b !y assure u t ! ,et]nal did n salt h]1 because dri$ c[ is n s good z %e-,levia?an4 ,! ,jews /ill put su* fai? 9 ^! rabb9ical rev]ies t !y (t5 swe> by _! %>e ( ! bull ,behemo?1 z "s impi\s ,*ri/ians swe> by _! %>e ( p>adise4 ,aft] su* gross ideas ( ! com+ ( ! ,messiah1 & ( ,8 reign1 is x a/oni%+ t ! ,jews1 anci5t z well z mod]n1 & also "s ( ! primitive ,*ri/ians unhappily t9ctur$ ) all ^! rev]ies1 c\ld n elevate !mselves to ! idea ( ! div9e nature ( ! ,"l's ,ano9t$1 & did n consid] ! ,messiah z ,god8 ,obs]ve h[ ! ,jews express !mselves on ?is po9t 9 ! "w entitl$ ,judi ,lusitani ,qu/iones ad ,*ri/ianos4 ,to ackn[l$ge a ,god-man1 say !y1 is to abuse y\r own reason1 to make to y\rself a mon/]--a c5taur--! /range comp\nd ( two natures :i* _c coalesce4 ,!y add1 t ! prophets d n tea* t ! ,messiah is ,god-man2 t !y expressly di/+ui% betwe5 ,god & ,david1 decl>+ ! =m] to be ,ma/]1 ! latt] s]vant4 ,:5 ! ,savi\r appe>$1 ! prophecies1 ?\gh cle>1 7 un=tunately obscur$ by ! prejudices imbib$ ev5 at ! "m's brea/4 ,jesus ,*ri/ ,himself1 ei!r f def]5ce t[>ds or = fe> ( %ock+1 ! public op9ion1 seems to h be5 v res]v$ conc]n+ ,8 div9ity4 ,he wi%$1 says ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 ins5sibly to accu/om ,8 auditors to ! belief ( a my/]y s f> above _! reason4 ,if ,he takes ^u ,him ! au?ority ( a ,god1 by p>don+ s91 ?is action raises up aga9/ ,him all :o are witnesses ( x4 ,8 mo/ evid5t miracles _c ev5 conv9ce ( ,8 div9ity ^? 9 ^: favor !y are work$4 ,:51 be=e ! tribunal ( ! ,sov]eign ,sacrific]1 ,he ackn[l$ges1 by a mode/ intimation1 t ,he is ! ,son ( ,god1 ! high prie/ te>s 8 robe & cries1 ',blasphemy6' ,be=e ! s5d+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! apo/les did n ev5 suspect ! div9ity ( _! de> ,ma/]4 ,he asks !m :at ! p ?9k ( ,him2 & !y answ]1 t "s take ,him = ,elias1 o!r = ,j]emiah1 or "s o!r prophet4 ,a p>ticul> revelation is necess>y to make kn[n to ,/4 ,pet]1 t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,! ,jews1 revolt+ aga9/ ! div9ity ( ,*ri/1 h resort$ to all sorts ( exp$i5ts to de/roy ?is great my/]y2 !y di/ort ! mean+ ( _! own oracles1 or d n apply !m to ! ,messiah2 !y ass]t t ! "n ( ,god1 ,elo1 is n peculi> to ! ,div9ity1 b is giv51 ev5 by sacr$ writ]s1 to judges1 to magi/rates1 & 9 g5]al to su* z are high 9 au?ority2 !y d1 inde$1 cite a great _m passages ( ! ,holy ,scriptures t ju/ify ?is obs]vation1 b :i* d n 9 ! lea/ affect ! express t]ms ( ! anci5t oracles conc]n+ ! ,messiah4 ,la/ly1 !y ass]t1 t if ! ,savi\r1 & aft] ,him ! evangeli/s1 ! apo/les1 & ! fir/ ,*ri/ians1 call ,jesus ! ,son ( ,god1 ?is augu/ t]m did n 9 ! evangelical times signify any?+ b ! opposite ( son ( ,belial--t is1 a good man1 a s]vant ( ,god1 9 opposition to a wick$ man1 "o )\t ! fe> ( ,god4 ,if ! ,jews h disput$ ) ,jesus ,*ri/ ,8 quality ( ,messiah & ,8 div9ity1 !y h also us$ e endeavor to br+ ,him into contempt1 by ca/+ on ,8 bir?1 ,8 life1 & ,8 dea?1 all ! ridicule & opprobrium t _! crim9al malevol5ce c\ld imag9e4 ,( all ! works :i* ! bl9dness ( ! ,jews has produc$1 !re is none m odi\s & m extravagant ?an ! anci5t book entitl$ ,seph] ,toldos ,jes*u1 br\ght to light by ,wag5seil1 9 ! second volume ( 8 "w entitl$ ,tela ,ignea1 etc4 ,9 ?is ,seph] ,toldos ,jes*u1 we f9d a mon/r\s hi/ory ( ! life ( our ,savi\r1 =g$ ) ! utmo/ passion & dis+5u\sness4 ,= in/ance1 !y h d>$ to write t "o ,pan!r1 or ,p&]a1 an inhabitant ( ,be?lehem1 fell 9 love ) a "y woman m>ri$ to ,jokanam4 ,by ?is impure comm]ce he _h a son call$ ,jesua or ,jesu4 ,! fa!r ( ?is *ild 0 oblig$ to fly1 & retir$ to ,babylon4 ,z = "y ,jesu1 he 0 n s5t to ! s*ools2 b--adds our au?or--he _h ! insol5ce to raise 8 head & uncov] himself be=e ! sacrific]s1 in/ead ( appe>+ be=e !m ) 8 head b5t d[n & 8 face cov]$1 z 0 ! cu/om--a piece ( effront]y :i* 0 w>mly rebuk$2 ?is caus$ 8 bir? to be inquir$ into1 :i* 0 f\nd to be impure1 & soon expos$ him to ignom9y4 ,?is dete/able book1 ,seph] ,toldos ,jes*u1 0 kn[n 9 ! second c5tury3 ,celsus confid5tly cites x & ,orig5 refutes x 9 8 n9? *apt]4 ,!re is ano!r book also entitl$ ,toldos ,jes*u1 publi%$ by ,huldric 9 #agjc1 :i* m closely foll[s ! ,gospel ( ! ,infancy1 b :i* is full ( ! grosse/ ana*ronisms4 ,x places bo? ! bir? & dea? ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 ! reign ( ,h]od ! ,great1 /at+ t compla9ts 7 made ( ! adult]y ( ,pan!r & ,m>y1 ! "m ( ,jesus1 to t pr9ce4 ,! au?or1 :o takes ! "n ( ,jona?an1 & calls himself a contempor>y ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 liv+ at ,j]usalem1 pret5ds t ,h]od consult$1 9 ! affair ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! s5ators ( a city 9 ! l& ( ,cs>ea4 ,we w n foll[ s absurd an au?or ?r\gh all 8 contradictions4 ,yet x is "u cov] ( all ^! calumnies t ! ,jews keep up _! implacable hatr$ aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians & ! gospel4 ,!y h done _! utmo/ to alt] ! *ronology ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & to raise d\bts & difficulties respect+ ! "t ( our ,savi\r's com+4 ,ahm$-b5-,cassum-la-,&ac\sy1 a ,moor ( ,granada1 :o liv$ ab\t ! close ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 cites an anci5t ,arabian manuscript1 :i* 0 f\nd1 toge!r ) sixte5 plates ( lead engrav$ ) ,arabian *>act]s1 9 a grotto ne> ,granada4 ,don ,p$ro y ,qu9ones1 ar*bi%op ( ,granada1 has himself borne te/imony to ?is fact4 ,^! lead5 plates1 call$ ^? ( ,granada1 7 aft]w>ds c>ri$ to ,rome1 :]e1 aft] sev]al ye>s' inve/igation1 !y 7 at la/ condemn$ z apocryphal1 9 ! pontificate ( ,alex&] ,,vii42 !y conta9 only fabul\s /ories relat+ to ! lives ( ,m>y & h] ,son4 ,! "t ( ,messiah1 c\pl$ ) ! epi!t false1 is /ill giv5 to ^? impo/ors :o1 at v>i\s times1 h s\ght to abuse ! cr$ulity ( ! ,jewi% nation4 ,!re 7 "s ( ^! false ,messiahs ev5 be=e ! com+ ( ! true ,ano9t$ ( ,god4 ,! wise ,gamaliel m5tions "o ,!odas1 ^: hi/ory we read 9 ,josephus' ,jewi% ,antiquities1 book xx4 *ap4 #b4 ,he boa/$ ( cross+ ! ,jordan )\t wett+ 8 feet2 he drew _m p aft] him2 b ! ,romans1 hav+ fall5 ^u 8 little troop1 disp]s$ !m1 cut (f ! head ( _! un=tunate *ief1 & expos$ x 9 ,j]usalem4 ,gamaliel also speaks ( ,judas ! ,galilean1 :o is d\btless ! same ( :om ,josephus makes m5tion 9 ! second *apt] ( ! second book ( ! ,jewi% ,w>4 ,he says t ?is false prophet _h ga!r$ toge!r ne>ly ?irty ?\s& m52 b hyp]bole is ! ,jewi% hi/orian's *>act]i/ic4 ,9 ! apo/olic times1 !re 0 ,simon1 surnam$ ! ,magician1 :o contriv$ to bewit* ! p ( ,sam>ia1 s t !y consid]$ him z ! great p[] ( ,god4 ,9 ! foll[+ c5tury1 9 ! ye>s #agh & #agi ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 9 ! reign ( ,adrian1 appe>$ ! false ,messiah1 ,b>co*ebas1 at ! head ( an army4 ,! emp]or s5t aga9/ !m ,julius ,sev]us1 :o1 aft] sev]al enc\nt]s1 enclos$ !m 9 ! t[n ( ,bi!r2 aft] an ob/9ate def5ce x 0 c>ri$1 & ,b>co*ebas tak5 & put to dea?4 ,adrian ?\ght he c\ld n bett] prev5t ! cont9ual revolt ( ! ,jews ?an by issu+ an edict1 =bidd+ !m to g to ,j]usalem2 he also _h gu>ds /ation$ at ! gates ( ! city1 to prev5t ! re/ ( ! p ( ,israel f ent]+ x4 ,we read 9 ,socrates1 an ecclesia/ical hi/orian1 t 9 ! ye> #dcd1 !re appe>$ 9 ! isl& ( ,c&ia a false ,messiah call+ himself ,moses4 ,he said he 0 ! anci5t deliv]] ( ! ,hebrews1 rais$ f ! dead to deliv] !m aga94 ,a c5tury aft]w>ds1 9 #ecj1 !re 0 9 ,pale/9e a false ,messiah nam$ ,julian2 he ann\nc$ himself z a great conqu]or1 :o1 at ! head ( 8 nation1 %\ld de/roy by arms ! :ole ,*ri/ian p4 ,s$uc$ by 8 promises1 ! arm$ ,jews but*]$ _m ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,! emp]or ,ju/9ian s5t troops aga9/ him2 battle 0 giv5 to ! false ,*ri/2 he 0 tak51 & condemn$ to ! mo/ ignom9i\s dea?4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! eigh? c5tury1 ,s]5us1 a ,spani% ,jew1 gave himself out z a ,messiah1 prea*$1 _h "s disciples1 &1 l !m1 di$ 9 mis]y4 ,sev]al false ,messiahs arose 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,"o appe>$ 9 ,france 9 ! reign ( ,l\is ! ,"y2 he & all 8 adh]5ts 7 hang$1 )\t its ev] be+ kn[n :at 0 ! "n ( ! ma/] or ( ! disciples4 ,! ?irte5? c5tury 0 fruitful 9 false ,messiahs2 !re appe>$ sev5 or eight 9 ,arabia1 ,p]sia1 ,spa91 & ,moravia2 "o ( !m1 call+ himself ,david el ,roy1 pass$ = a v great magician2 he r$uc$ ! ,jews1 & 0 at ! head ( a consid]able p>ty2 b ?is ,messiah 0 assass9at$4 ,james ,zeigl]1 ( ,moravia1 :o liv$ 9 ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ann\nc$ ! approa*+ manife/ation ( ! ,messiah1 born1 z he decl>$1 f\rte5 ye>s be=e2 he _h se5 him1 he said1 at ,/rasburg1 & he kept by him ) great c>e a sword & a sceptre1 to place !m 9 8 h&s z soon z he %\ld be old en\gh to tea*4 ,9 ! ye> #afbd1 ano!r ,zeigl] confirm$ ! pr$iction ( ! =m]4 ,9 ! ye> #afff1 ,sabatei ,sevi1 born at ,aleppo1 call$ himself ! ,messiah =etold by ! ,zeigl]s4 ,he began ) prea*+ on ! highways & 9 ! fields1 ! ,turks laugh+ at him1 :ile 8 disciples admir$ him4 ,x appe>s t he did n ga9 ov] ! mass ( ! ,jewi% nation at fir/2 = ! *iefs ( ! synagogue ( ,smyrna pass$ s5t5ce ( dea? aga9/ him2 b he escap$ ) ! fe> only1 & ) bani%m5t4 ,he contract$ ?ree m>riages1 ( :i* x is ass]t$ he did n consummate "o1 say+ t x 0 b5ea? him s to d4 ,he took into p>tn]%ip "o ,na?an ,levi2 ! latt] p]sonat$ ! prophet ,elias1 :o 0 to g be=e ! ,messiah4 ,!y repair$ to ,j]usalem1 & ,na?an !re ann\nc$ ,sabatei ,sevi z ! deliv]] ( nations4 ,! ,jewi% populace decl>$ = !m1 b su* z _h any?+ to lose ana!matiz$ !m4 ,to avoid ! /orm1 ,sevi fl$ to ,con/ant9ople1 & !nce to ,smyrna1 :i!r ,na?an ,levi s5t to him f\r ambassadors1 :o ackn[l$g$ & publicly salut$ him z ! ,messiah4 ,?is embassy impos$ on ! p1 & also on "s ( ! doctors1 :o decl>$ ,sabatei ,sevi to be ! ,messiah1 & k+ ( ! ,hebrews4 ,b ! synagogue ( ,smyrna condemn$ its k+ to be impal$4 ,sabatei put himself "u ! protection ( ! cadi ( ,smyrna1 & soon _h ! :ole ,jewi% p on 8 side2 he _h two ?rones prep>$1 "o = himself1 ! o!r = 8 favorite wife2 he took ! title ( k+ ( k+s1 & gave to 8 bro!r1 ,joseph ,sevi1 t ( k+ ( ,judah4 ,he promis$ ! ,jews ! c]ta9 conque/ ( ! ,ottoman ,empire2 & ev5 c>ri$ 8 insol5ce s f> z to h ! emp]or's "n /ruck out ( ! ,jewi% liturgy1 & 8 own sub/itut$4 ,he 0 ?r[n into prison at ! ,d>danelles2 & ! ,jews gave out t 8 life 0 sp>$ only because ! ,turks well knew he 0 immortal4 ,! gov]nor ( ! ,d>danelles grew ri* by ! pres5ts :i* ! ,jews lavi%$1 9 ord] to visit _! k+1 _! imprison$ ,messiah1 :o1 ?\gh 9 irons1 reta9$ all 8 dignity1 & made !m kiss 8 feet4 ,mean:ile ! sultan1 :o 0 hold+ 8 c\rt at ,adrianople1 resolv$ to put an end to ?is f>ce3 he s5t = ,sevi1 & told him t if he 0 ! ,messiah he mu/ be invuln]able2 to :i* ,sevi ass5t$4 ,! gr& signor !n _h him plac$ z a m>k = ! arr[s ( 8 icoglans4 ,! ,messiah confess$ t he 0 n invuln]able1 & prote/$ t ,god s5t him only to be> te/imony to ! holy ,mussulman religion4 ,be+ beat5 by ! m9i/]s ( ! law1 he turn$ ,mahometan2 he liv$ & di$ equally despis$ by ! ,jews & ,mussulmans2 :i* ca/ su* discr$it on ! pr(ession ( false ,messiah1 t ,sevi 0 ! la/ t appe>$4 ,,metamorphosis4 ,x may v naturally be suppos$ t ! metamorphoses ) :i* our e>? ab\nds sugge/$ ! imag9ation to ! ,ori5tals--:o h imag9$ ev]y?+--t ! s\ls ( m5 pass$ f "o body to ano!r4 ,an almo/ imp]ceptible po9t becomes a grub1 & t grub becomes a butt]fly2 an acorn is trans=m$ into an oak2 an egg into a bird2 wat] becomes cl\d & ?und]2 wood is *ang$ into fire & a%es2 ev]y?+1 9 %ort1 9 nature1 appe>s to be metamorphos$4 ,:at 0 ?us obvi\sly & di/9ctly p]ceptible 9 gross] bodies 0 soon conceiv$ to take place ) respect to s\ls1 :i* 7 consid]$ slight1 %ad[y1 & sc>cely mat]ial figures4 ,! idea ( metempsy*osis is p]haps ! mo/ anci5t dogma ( ! kn[n _w1 & prevails /ill 9 a great "p ( ,india & ( ,*9a4 ,x is highly probable1 aga91 t ! v>i\s metamorphoses :i* we witness 9 nature produc$ ^? anci5t fables :i* ,ovid has collect$ & embelli%$ 9 8 admirable "w4 ,ev5 ! ,jews _h _! metamorphoses4 ,if ,niobe 0 *ang$ into a /one1 ,edi?1 ! wife ( ,lot1 0 *ang$ into a /atue ( salt4 ,if ,eurydice rema9$ 9 hell = hav+ look$ beh9d h]1 x 0 = precisely ! same indiscretion t ?is wife ( ,lot 0 depriv$ ( h] human nature4 ,! village 9 :i* ,baucis & ,philemon resid$ 9 ,phrygia is *ang$ into a lake2 ! same ev5t occurs to ,sodom4 ,! daught]s ( ,anius conv]t$ wat] into oil2 we h 9 ,scripture a metamorphosis v simil>1 b m true & m sacr$4 ,cadmus 0 *ang$ into a s]p5t2 ! rod ( ,a>on becomes a s]p5t also4 ,! gods frequ5tly *ange !mselves into m52 ! ,jews nev] saw angels b 9 ! =m ( m52 angels ate ) ,abraham4 ,paul1 9 8 ,second ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 says t an angel ( ,satan has buffet$ him3 ,angelus ,satan me colaphizet4 ,,metaphysics4 ,trans naturam1--beyond nature4 ,b :at is t :i* is beyond nature8 ,by nature1 x is to be presum$1 is meant matt]1 & metaphysics relates to t :i* is n matt]4 ,= example3 to y\r reason+1 :i* is nei!r long1 nor wide1 nor high1 nor solid1 nor po9t$2 y\r s\l1 to y\rself unkn[n1 :i* produces y\r reason+4 ,spirits1 :i* ! _w has always talk$ (1 & to :i* mank9d appropriat$1 = a long p]iod1 a body s att5uat$ & %ad[y1 t x c\ld sc>cely be call$ body2 b f :i*1 at l5g?1 !y h remov$ e %ad[ ( body1 )\t kn[+ :at x 0 t 0 left4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ^! spirits p]ceive1 )\t any emb>rassm5t1 f ! five s5ses2 9 :i* !y ?9k1 )\t a head2 & 9 :i* !y communicate _! ?\ghts1 )\t words & signs4 ,f9ally1 ,god1 :om we "k by ,8 works1 b :om our pride impels u to def9e2 ,god1 ^: p[] we feel to be imm5se2 ,god1 betwe5 :om & ourselves exi/s ! abyss ( inf9ity1 & yet ^: nature we d>e to attempt to fa?om4 ,^! are ! objects ( metaphysics4 ,we might fur!r add to ^! ! pr9ciples ( pure ma!matics1 po9ts )\t ext5sion1 l9es )\t wid?1 sup]ficies )\t ?ickness1 units inf9itely divisible1 etc4 ,bayle himself consid]$ ^! objects z ^? :i* 7 d5om9at$ entia rationis1 be+s ( reason2 !y are1 h[ev]1 9 fact1 only mat]ial ?+s consid]$ 9 _! masses1 _! sup]ficies1 _! simple l5g?s & bread?s1 & ! extremities ( ^! simple l5g?s & bread?s4 ,all measures are precise & demon/rat$4 ,metaphysics has no?+ to d ) geometry4 ,?us a man may be a metaphysician )\t be+ a geometrician4 ,metaphysics is m ent]ta9+2 x con/itutes (t5 ! romance ( ! m9d4 ,9 geometry1 on ! contr>y1 we mu/ calculate & measure2 ?is is a p]petual tr\ble1 & mo/ m9ds _h r dream pleasantly ?an fatigue !mselves ) h>d "w4 ,,m9d 7,,limits ,,( ,,! ,,human74 ,newton 0 "o day ask$ :y he /epp$ =w>d :5 he 0 s incl9$2 & f :at cause 8 arm & 8 h& obey$ 8 w8 ,he hone/ly repli$1 t he knew no?+ ab\t ! matt]4 ,b at lea/1 said !y to him1 y :o are s well acqua9t$ ) ! gravitation ( planets1 w tell u :y !y turn "o way soon] ?an ano!r8 ,newton /ill av[$ 8 ignorance4 ,^? :o tea* t ! ocean 0 salt$ = fe> x %\ld corrupt1 & t ! tides 7 creat$ to conduct our %ips into port1 7 a little a%am$ :5 told t ! ,m$it]ranean has ports & no tide4 ,mus*embrock himself has fall5 into ?is error4 ,:o has ev] be5 able to det]m9e precisely h[ a billet ( wood is *ang$ into r$-hot *>coal1 & by :at me*anism lime is heat$ by cold wat]8 ,! fir/ motion ( ! he>t 9 animals--is t acc\nt$ =8 ,has x be5 exactly discov]$ h[ ! bus9ess ( g5]ation is arrang$8 ,has any "o div9$ ! cause ( s5sation1 ideas1 & memory8 ,we "k no m ( ! ess5ce ( matt] ?an ! *ildr5 :o t\* its sup]ficies4 ,:o w in/ruct u 9 ! me*anism by :i* ! gra9 ( corn1 :i* we ca/ into ! e>?1 disposes itself to produce a /alk surm\nt$ ) an e>2 or :y ! sun produces an apple on "o tree & a *e/nut on ! next to x8 ,_m doctors h said3 ,:at "k ,i n8 ,montaigne said3 ,:at "k ,i8 ,unb5d+ decid]6 p$agogue 9 phrases6 furr$ reason]6 ?\ inquire/ aft] ! limits ( ! human m9d--!y are at ! end ( ?y nose4 ,,miracles4 ,,section ,i4 ,a miracle1 accord+ to ! true mean+ ( ! ^w1 is some?+ admirable2 & agreeable to ?is1 all is miracle4 ,! /up5d\s ord] ( nature1 ! revolution ( a hundr$ millions ( worlds ar\nd a million ( suns1 ! activity ( light1 ! life ( animals1 all are gr& & p]petual miracles4 ,accord+ to common acceptation1 we call a miracle ! violation ( ^! div9e & et]nal laws4 ,a sol> eclipse at ! "t ( ! full moon1 or a dead man walk+ two leagues & c>ry+ 8 head 9 8 arms1 we d5om9ate a miracle4 ,_m natural philosoph]s ma9ta91 t 9 ?is s5se !re are no miracles2 & advance ! foll[+ argum5ts3 ,a miracle is ! violation ( ma!matical1 div9e1 immutable1 et]nal laws4 ,by ! v exposition itself1 a miracle is a contradiction 9 t]ms3 a law _c at ! same "t be immutable & violat$4 ,b !y are ask$1 _c a law1 e/abli%$ by ,god ,himself1 be susp5d$ by its au?or8 ,!y h ! h>dihood to reply t x _c2 & t x is impossible a be+ inf9itely wise c h made laws to violate !m4 ,he c\ld n1 !y say1 d]ange ! ma*9e b ) a view ( mak+ x "w bett]2 b x is evid5t t ,god1 all-wise & omnipot5t1 orig9ally made ?is imm5se ma*9e1 ! univ]se1 z good & p]fect z ,he 0 able2 if ,he saw t "s imp]fections w\ld arise f ! nature ( matt]1 ,he provid$ = t 9 ! beg9n+2 &1 accord+ly1 ,he w nev] *ange any?+ 9 x4 ,moreov]1 ,god c d no?+ )\t reason2 b :at reason c\ld induce him to disfigure = a "t ,8 own "w8 ,x is done1 !y are told1 9 favor ( mank9d4 ,!y reply3 ,we mu/ presume1 !n1 t x is 9 favor ( all mank9d2 = x is impossible to conceive t ! div9e nature %\ld occupy itself only ab\t a few m5 9 p>ticul>1 & n = ! :ole human race2 & ev5 ! :ole human race itself is a v small conc]n2 x is less ?an a small ant-hill1 9 comp>ison ) all ! be+s inhabit+ imm5sity4 ,b is x n ! mo/ absurd ( all extravagances to imag9e t ! ,inf9ite ,supreme %\ld1 9 favor ( ?ree or f\r hundr$ emmets on ?is little heap ( e>?1 d]ange ! op]ation ( ! va/ ma*9]y t moves ! univ]se8 ,b1 admitt+ t ,god *ose to di/+ui% a small numb] ( m5 by p>ticul> favors1 is !re any necessity t1 9 ord] to accompli% ?is object1 ,he %\ld *ange :at ,he e/abli%$ = all p]iods & = all places8 ,he c]ta9ly c h no ne$ ( ?is incon/ancy 9 ord] to be/[ favors on any ( ,8 creatures3 ,8 favors consi/ 9 ,8 laws !mselves3 he has =ese5 all & arrang$ all1 ) a view to !m4 ,all inv>iably obey ! =ce :i* ,he has impress$ =ev] on nature4 ,= :at purpose w\ld ,god p]=m a miracle8 ,to accompli% "s p>ticul> design ^u liv+ be+s8 ,he w\ld !n1 9 reality1 be suppos$ to say3 ,i h n be5 able to effect by my con/ruction ( ! univ]se1 by my div9e decrees1 by my et]nal laws1 a p>ticul> object2 ,i am n[ go+ to *ange my et]nal ideas & immutable laws1 to endeavor to accompli% :at ,i h n be5 able to d by means ( !m4 ,?is w\ld be an av[al ( ,8 weakness1 n ( ,8 p[]2 x w\ld appe> 9 su* a be+ an inconceivable contradiction4 ,accord+ly1 !re=e1 to d>e to ascribe miracles to ,god is1 if man c 9 reality insult ,god1 actually (f]+ ,him t insult4 ,x is say+ to ,him3 ,y are a weak & inconsi/5t ,be+4 ,x is1 !re=e1 absurd to believe 9 miracles2 x is1 9 fact1 di%onor+ ! div9ity4 ,^! philosoph]s1 h[ev]1 are n suff]$ ?us to declaim )\t opposition4 ,y may extol1 x is repli$1 z mu* z y please1 ! immutability ( ! ,supreme ,be+1 ! et]nity ( ,8 laws1 & ! regul>ity ( ,8 inf9itude ( worlds2 b our little heap ( e>? has1 not)/&+ all t y h advanc$1 be5 completely cov]$ ov] ) miracles 9 e "p & "t4 ,hi/ories relate z _m prodigies z natural ev5ts4 ,! daught]s ( ! high prie/ ,anius *ang$ :atev] !y pleas$ to corn1 w9e1 & oil2 ,a?alide1 ! daught] ( ,m]cury1 reviv$ aga9 sev]al times2 sculapius resuscitat$ ,hippolytus2 ,h]cules rescu$ ,alce/es f ! h& ( dea?2 & ,h]es return$ to ! _w aft] hav+ pass$ fifte5 days 9 hell4 ,romulus & ,remus 7 ! (fspr+ ( a god & a ve/al4 ,! ,palladium desc5d$ f heav5 on ! city ( ,troy2 ! hair ( ,b]5ice 0 *ang$ into a con/ellation2 ! cot ( ,baucis & ,philemon 0 conv]t$ into a sup]b temple2 ! head ( ,orpheus deliv]$ oracles aft] 8 dea?2 ! walls ( ,!bes spontane\sly con/ruct$ !mselves to ! s\nd ( a flute1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,greeks2 ! cures effect$ 9 ! temple ( sculapius 7 absolutely innum]able1 & we h monum5ts /ill exi/+ conta9+ ! v names ( p]sons :o 7 eye-witnesses ( 8 miracles4 ,m5tion to me a s+le nation 9 :i* ! mo/ incr$ible prodigies h n be5 p]=m$1 & especially 9 ^? p]iods 9 :i* ! p sc>cely knew h[ to write or read4 ,! philosoph]s make no answ] to ^! objections1 b by slightly rais+ _! %\ld]s & by a smile2 b ! ,*ri/ian philosoph]s say3 ,we are believ]s 9 ! miracles ( our holy religion2 we believe !m by fai? & n by our reason1 :i* we are v cauti\s h[ we li/5 to2 = :5 fai? speaks1 x is well kn[n t reason ought to be sil5t4 ,we h a firm & entire fai? 9 ! miracles ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & ! apo/les1 b p]mit u to ent]ta9 "s d\bt ab\t _m o!rs3 p]mit u1 = example1 to susp5d our judgm5t on :at is relat$ by a v simple man1 al?\gh he has obta9$ ! title ( great4 ,he assures u1 t a c]ta9 monk 0 s mu* 9 ! habit ( p]=m+ miracles1 t ! prior at l5g? =bade him to ex]cise 8 tal5t 9 t l9e4 ,! monk obey$2 b see+ a poor til] fall f ! top ( a h\se1 he hesitat$ = a mom5t betwe5 ! desire to save ! un=tunate man's life1 & ! sacr$ duty ( ob$i5ce to 8 sup]ior4 ,he m]ely ord]$ ! til] to /ay 9 ! air till he %\ld receive fur!r in/ructions1 & ran z fa/ z 8 legs w\ld c>ry him to communicate ! urg5cy ( ! circum/ances to ! prior4 ,! prior absolv$ him f ! s9 he _h committ$ 9 beg9n+ ! miracle )\t p]mission1 & gave him leave to f9i% x1 provid$ he /opp$ ) ! same1 & nev] aga9 repeat$ 8 fault4 ,! philosoph]s may c]ta9ly be excus$ = ent]ta9+ a little d\bt ( ?is leg5d4 ,b h[ c y d5y1 !y are ask$1 t ,/4 ,g]vais & ,/4 ,protais appe>$ 9 a dream to ,/4 ,ambrose1 & in=m$ him ( ! spot 9 :i* 7 deposit$ _! relics8 t ,/4 ,ambrose _h !m dis9t]r$8 & t !y re/or$ sight to a man t 0 bl9d8 ,/4 ,augu/9e 0 at ,milan at ! v "t1 & x is he :o relates ! miracle1 us+ ! expression1 9 ! tw5ty-second book ( 8 "w call$ ! ,city ( ,god1 imm5so populo te/e--9 ! pres5ce ( an imm5se numb] ( p4 ,"h is "o ( ! v be/ atte/$ & e/abli%$ miracles4 ,! philosoph]s1 h[ev]1 say t !y d n believe "o ^w ab\t ,g]vais & ,protais appe>+ to any p]son :atev]2 t x is a matt] ( v little consequ5ce to mank9d :]e ! rema9s ( _! c>casses lie2 t !y h no m fai? 9 ?is bl9d man ?an 9 ,vespasian's2 t x is a useless miracle1 & t ,god does no?+ t is useless2 & !y adh]e to ! pr9ciples !y began )4 ,my respect = ,/4 ,g]vais & ,/4 ,protais prev5ts me f be+ ( ! same op9ion z ^! philosoph]s3 ,i m]ely /ate _! incr$ulity4 ,!y lay great /ress on ! well-kn[n passage ( ,lucian1 to be f\nd 9 ! dea? ( ,p]egr9us3 ,:5 an exp]t juggl] turns ,*ri/ian1 he is sure to make 8 =tune4 ,b z ,lucian is a pr(ane au?or1 we ought surely to set him aside z ( no au?ority4 ,^! philosoph]s _c ev5 make up _! m9ds to believe ! miracles p]=m$ 9 ! second c5tury4 ,ev5 eye-witnesses to ! facts may write & atte/ till ! day ( doom1 t aft] ! bi%op ( ,smyrna1 ,/4 ,polyc>p1 0 condemn$ to be burn$1 & actually 9 ! mid/ ( ! flames1 !y he>d a voice f heav5 exclaim+3 ,c\rage1 ,polyc>p6 be /rong1 & %[ y\rself a man2 t1 at ! v in/ant1 ! flames quitt$ 8 body1 & =m$ a pavilion ( fire above 8 head1 & f ! mid/ ( ! pile !re flew out a dove2 :51 at l5g?1 ,polyc>p's enemies end$ 8 life by cutt+ (f 8 head4 ,all ^! facts & atte/ations are 9 va94 ,= :at good1 say ^! unimpressible & incr$ul\s m51 = :at good 0 ?is miracle8 ,:y did ! flames lose _! nature1 & ! axe ( ! execution] reta9 all its p[] ( de/ruction8 ,:5ce comes x t s _m m>tyrs escap$ unhurt out ( boil+ oil1 b 7 unable to resi/ ! edge ( ! sword8 ,x is answ]$1 su* 0 ! w ( ,god4 ,b ! philosoph]s w\ld wi% to see & he> all ?is !mselves1 be=e !y believe x4 ,^? :o /r5g!n _! reason+s by le>n+ w tell y t ! fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* h frequ5tly decl>$ t miracles 7 9 _! days p]=m$ no long]4 ,/4 ,*ryso/om says expressly3 ,! extraord9>y gifts ( ! _s 7 be/[$ ev5 on ! unwor?y1 because ! ,*ur* at t "t _h ne$ ( miracles2 b n[1 !y are n be/[$ ev5 on ! wor?y1 because ! ,*ur* has ne$ ( !m no long]4 ,he aft]w>ds decl>es1 t !re is no "o n[ :o raises ! dead1 or ev5 :o heals ! sick4 ,/4 ,augu/9e himself1 not)/&+ ! miracles ( ,g]vais & ,protais1 says1 9 8 ,city ( ,god3 ,:y are n su* miracles z 7 wr\ght =m]ly wr\ght n[8 & he assigns ! same reason z ,/4 ,*ryso/om = x4 ,cur inquiunt1 nunc illa miracula qu prdicatis facta esse non fiunt8 ,possem quidem dic]e necess>ia prius fuisse1 quam cr$]et mundus1 ad hoc ut cr$]et mundus4 ,x is object$ to ! philosoph]s1 t ,/4 ,augu/9e1 not)/&+ ?is av[al1 m5tions nev]!less an old cobbl] ( ,hippo1 :o1 hav+ lo/ 8 g>m5t1 w5t to pray 9 ! *apel ( ! tw5ty m>tyrs1 & on 8 return f\nd a fi%1 9 ! body ( :i* 0 a gold r+2 & t ! cook :o dress$ ! fi% said to ! cobbl]3 ,see :at a pres5t ! tw5ty m>tyrs h made y6 ,to ?is ! philosoph]s reply1 t !re is no?+ 9 ! ev5t "h relat$ 9 opposition to ! laws ( nature2 t natural philosophy is n contradict$ or %ock$ by a fi%'s swall[+ a gold r+1 or a cook's deliv]+ su* r+ to a cobbl]2 t1 9 %ort1 !re is no miracle at all 9 ! case4 ,if ^! philosoph]s are rem9d$ t1 accord+ to ,/4 ,j]ome1 9 8 ,life ( ,paul ! ,h]mit1 t h]mit _h _m conv]sations ) satyrs & fauns2 t a rav5 c>ri$ to him e day1 = ?irty ye>s toge!r1 half ( a loaf = 8 d9n]1 & a :ole "o on ! day t ,/4 ,an?ony w5t to visit him1 !y might reply aga91 t all ?is is n absolutely inconsi/5t ) natural philosophy2 t satyrs & fauns may h exi/$2 & t1 at all ev5ts1 :e!r ! n>rative be a recital ( facts1 or only a /ory fit = *ildr51 x has no?+ at all to d ) ! miracles ( our ,"l & ,8 apo/les4 ,_m good ,*ri/ians h conte/$ ! ,hi/ory ( ,/4 ,simeon ,/ylites1 writt5 by ,!odoret2 _m miracles consid]$ au!ntic by ! ,greek ,*ur* h be5 call$ 9 "q by _m ,lat9s1 j z ! ,lat9 miracles h be5 suspect$ by ! ,greek ,*ur*4 ,aft]w>ds1 ! ,prote/ants appe>$ on ! /age1 & treat$ ! miracles ( bo? *ur*es c]ta9ly ) v little respect or c]emony4 ,a le>n$ ,jesuit1 :o 0 long a prea*] 9 ! ,indies1 deplores t nei!r 8 colleagues nor himself c\ld ev] p]=m a miracle4 ,xavi] lam5ts1 9 _m ( 8 lett]s1 t he has n ! gift ( languages4 ,he says1 t among ! ,japanese he is m]ely l a dumb /atue3 yet ! ,jesuits h writt5 t he resuscitat$ eight p]sons4 ,t 0 c]ta9ly no trifl+ matt]2 b x mu/ be recollect$ t he resuscitat$ !m six ?\s& leagues di/ant4 ,p]sons h s9ce be5 f\nd1 :o h pret5d$ t ! abolition ( ! ,jesuits 9 ,france is a mu* great] miracle ?an any p]=m$ by ,xavi] & ,ignatius4 ,h[ev] t may be1 all ,*ri/ians agree t ! miracles ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & ! apo/les are inconte/ably true2 b t we may c]ta9ly be p]mitt$ to d\bt "s /at$ to h be5 p]=m$ 9 our own times1 & :i* h n be5 completely au!nticat$4 ,x w\ld c]ta9ly1 = example1 be v desirable1 9 ord] to ! firm & cle> e/abli%m5t ( a miracle1 t x %\ld be p]=m$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces ( ,p>is1 or ! ,royal ,society ( ,london1 & ! ,faculty ( ,m$ic9e1 assi/$ by a deta*m5t ( gu>ds to keep 9 due ord] & di/ance ! populace1 :o might by _! rud5ess or indiscretion prev5t ! op]ation ( ! miracle4 ,a philosoph] 0 once ask$ :at he %\ld say if he saw ! sun /& /ill1 t is1 if ! motion ( ! e>? ar\nd t /> 7 to cease2 if all ! dead 7 to rise aga92 & if ! m\nta9s 7 to g & ?r[ !mselves toge!r into ! sea1 all 9 ord] to prove "s important tru?1 l t1 = in/ance1 ( v]satile grace8 ,:at %\ld ,i say8 answ]$ ! philosoph]2 ,i %\ld become a ,mani*an2 ,i %\ld say t "o pr9ciple c\nt]act$ ! p]=mance ( ano!r4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,def9e y\r t]ms1 y w p]mit me aga9 to say1 or we %all nev] und]/& "o ano!r4 ,miraculum res mir&a1 prodigium1 port5tum1 mon/rum4--,miracle1 some?+ admirable2 prodigy1 imply+ some?+ a/oni%+2 port5t\s1 be>+ ) x novelty2 mon/]1 some?+ to %[ 7 montr]7 on acc\nt ( its v>iety4 ,su* are ! fir/ ideas t m5 =m$ ( miracles4 ,z ev]y?+ is ref9$ & improv$ ^u1 su* also w\ld be ! case ) ?is def9ition4 ,a miracle is said to be t :i* is impossible to nature4 ,b x 0 n consid]$ t ?is 0 9 fact say+ all miracle is absolutely impossible4 ,= :at is nature8 ,y und]/& by x ! et]nal ord] ( ?+s4 ,a miracle w\ld !re=e be impossible 9 su* an ord]4 ,9 ?is s5se ,god c\ld n "w a miracle4 ,if y mean by miracle an effect ( :i* y _c p]ceive ! cause1 9 t s5se all is miracle4 ,! attraction & direction ( ! magnet are cont9ual miracles4 ,a snail ^: head is r5ew$ is a miracle4 ,! bir? ( e animal1 ! production ( e vegetable1 are miracles ( e day4 ,b we are s accu/om$ to ^! prodigies1 t !y h lo/ _! "n ( admirable--( miracul\s4 ,! ,indians are no long] a/oni%$ by cannon4 ,we h !re=e =m$ = ourselves ano!r idea ( a miracle4 ,x is1 accord+ to ! common op9ion1 :at nev] has happ5$ & nev] w happ54 ,su* is ! idea =m$ ( ,samson's jawbone ( an ass2 ( ! conv]sation betwe5 ! ass & ,balaam1 & t betwe5 a s]p5t & ,eve2 ( ! *>iot ) f\r horses t convey$ away ,elijah2 ( ! fi% t kept ,jonah 9 its belly sev5ty-two h\rs2 ( ! t5 plagues ( ,egypt2 ( ! walls ( ,j]i*o1 & ( ! sun & moon /&+ /ill at mid-day1 etc4 ,9 ord] to believe a miracle1 x is n en\gh m]ely to h se5 x2 = a man may be deceiv$4 ,a fool is (t5 call$ a deal] 9 wond]s2 & n m]ely d _m excell5t p]sons ?9k t !y h se5 :at !y h n se51 & he>d :at 0 nev] said to !m2 n only d !y ?us become witnesses ( miracles1 b !y become also subjects ( miracles4 ,!y h be5 sometimes diseas$1 & sometimes cur$ by sup]natural p[]2 !y h be5 *ang$ into wolves2 !y h travell$ ?r\gh ! air on broom/icks2 !y h become bo? incubi & succubi4 ,x is necess>y t ! miracle %\ld h be5 se5 by a great numb] ( v s5sible p1 9 s\nd heal?1 & p]fectly dis9t]e/$ 9 ! affair4 ,x is above all necess>y1 t x %\ld h be5 solemnly atte/$ by !m2 = if solemn =ms ( au!ntication are deem$ necess>y ) respect to transactions ( v simple "*1 su* z ! pur*ase ( a h\se1 a m>riage contract1 or a w1 :at p>ticul> & m9ute caution>y =malities mu/ n be deem$ requisite 9 ord] to v]ify ?+s naturally impossible1 on :i* ! de/9y ( ! _w is to dep5d8 ,ev5 :5 an au!ntic miracle is p]=m$1 x 9 fact proves no?+2 = ,scripture tells y1 9 a great v>iety ( places1 t impo/ors may p]=m miracles1 & t if any man1 aft] hav+ p]=m$ !m1 %\ld proclaim ano!r ,god ?an t ( ! ,jews1 he ought to be /on$ to dea?4 ,x is requisite1 !re=e1 t ! doctr9e %\ld be confirm$ by ! miracles1 & ! miracles by ! doctr9e4 ,ev5 ?is1 h[ev]1 is n suffici5t4 ,z impo/ors may prea* a v correct & pure morality1 ! bett] to deceive1 & x is admitt$ t impo/ors1 l ! magicians ( ,ph>aoh1 may p]=m miracles2 x is 9 addition necess>y1 t ^! miracles %\ld h be5 ann\nc$ by prophecies4 ,9 ord] to be conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( ^! prophecies1 x is necess>y t !y %\ld h be5 he>d cle>ly ann\nc$1 & se5 really accompli%$4 ,x is necess>y to possess p]fectly ! language 9 :i* !y are pres]v$4 ,x is n suffici5t1 ev51 t y are a witness ( _! miracul\s fulfilm5t2 = y may be deceiv$ by false appe>ances4 ,x is necess>y t ! miracle & prophecy %\ld be v]ifi$ on oa? by ! heads ( ! nation2 & ev5 aft] all ?is !re w be "s d\bt]s4 ,= x is possible = a nation to be int]e/$ 9 ! =g]y ( a prophecy or a miracle2 & :5 int]e/ mixes ) ! transaction1 y may consid] ! :ole affair z wor? no?+4 ,if a pr$ict$ miracle be n z public & z well v]ifi$ z an eclipse t is ann\nc$ 9 ! almanac1 be assur$ t x is no?+ bett] ?an a juggl]'s trick or an old woman's tale4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,a !ocracy c be f\nd$ only ^u miracles4 ,ev]y?+ 9 x mu/ be div9e4 ,! ,great ,sov]eign speaks to m5 only 9 prodigies4 ,^! are 8 m9i/]s & lett]s pat5t4 ,8 ord]s are intimat$ by ! ocean's cov]+ ! e>? to dr[n nations1 or op5+ a way ?r\gh its dep?s1 t !y may pass ^u dry l&4 ,accord+ly y p]ceive1 t 9 ! ,jewi% hi/ory all is miracle2 f ! creation ( ,adam1 & ! =mation ( ,eve1 :o 0 made ( "o ( ! ribs ( ,adam1 to ! "t ( ! insignificant k+l+ ,saul4 ,ev5 9 ! "t ( ?is same ,saul1 !ocracy p>ticipates 9 p[] ) royalty4 ,!re are /ill1 consequ5tly1 miracles p]=m$ f "t to "t2 b !re is no long] t spl5did tra9 ( prodigies :i* cont9ually a/oni%es & int]rupts nature4 ,! t5 plagues ( ,egypt are n r5ew$2 ! sun & moon d n /& /ill at mid-day1 9 ord] to give a comm&] "t to ext]m9ate a few runaways1 already ne>ly de/roy$ by a %[] ( /ones f ! cl\ds4 ,no ,samson aga9 extirpates a ?\s& ,phili/9es by ! jaw-bone ( an ass4 ,asses no long] talk rationally ) m52 walls no long] fall pro/rate at ! m]e s\nd ( trumpets2 cities are n swall[$ up 9 a lake by ! fire ( heav52 ! race ( man is n a second "t de/roy$ by a deluge4 ,b ! f+] ( ,god is /ill manife/$2 ! %ade ( ,saul is p]mitt$ to appe> at ! invocation ( ! sorc]ess1 & ,god ,himself promises ,david t he w defeat ! ,phili/9es at ,baal-p]azim4 ,god ga!rs toge!r ,8 cele/ial army 9 ! reign ( ,ahab1 & asks ! spirits3 ,:o w g & deceive ,ahab1 & p]suade him to g up to w> aga9/ ,ramo? ,gilead8 ,& !re came =? a ly+ _s & /ood be=e ! ,"l & said1 ,i w p]suade him4 ,b ! prophet ,micaiah alone he>d ?is conv]sation1 & he receiv$ a bl[ on ! *eek f ano!r prophet1 call$ ,z$ekiah1 = hav+ ann\nc$ ! ill-om5$ prodigy4 ,( miracles p]=m$ 9 ! sight ( ! :ole nation1 & *ang+ ! laws ( all nature1 we see no m until ! "t ( ,elijah1 = :om ! ,"l despat*$ a *>iot ( fire & horses ( fire1 :i* convey$ him rapidly f ! banks ( ! ,jordan to heav51 al?\gh no "o knew :]e heav5 04 ,f ! comm5cem5t ( hi/orical times1 t is1 f ! "t ( ! conque/s ( ,alex&]1 we see no m miracles among ! ,jews4 ,:5 ,pompey comes to make himself ma/] ( ,j]usalem--:5 ,crassus plund]s ! temple--:5 ,pompey puts to dea? ! k+ ( ! ,jews by ! h&s ( ! execution]--:5 ,an?ony conf]s ! k+dom ( ,juda on ! ,arabian ,h]od--:5 ,titus takes ,j]usalem by assault1 & :5 x is raz$ to ! gr\nd by ,arian--n a s+le miracle is ev] p]=m$4 ,?us x is ) e nation ^u e>?4 ,!y beg9 ) !ocracy2 !y end 9 a mann] simply & naturally human4 ,! great] ! progress made 9 society & k1 ! few] !re are ( prodigies4 ,we well "k t ! !ocracy ( ! ,jews 0 ! only true "o1 & t ^? ( o!r nations 7 false2 b 9 all o!r respects1 ! case 0 precisely ! same ) !m z ) ! ,jews4 ,9 ,egypt1 9 ! "t ( ,vulcan1 & 9 t ( ,isis & ,osiris1 ev]y?+ 0 out ( ! laws ( nature2 "u ! ,ptolemies ev]y?+ resum$ its natural c\rse4 ,9 ! remote p]iods ( ,phos1 ,*rysos1 & ,ephe/es1 gods & mortals conv]s$ 9 ,*aldee ) ! mo/ int]e/+ famili>ity4 ,a god w>n$ ,k+ ,xissut] t !re w\ld be a deluge 9 ,arm5ia1 & t x 0 necess>y he %\ld1 z soon z possible1 build a vessel five /adii 9 l5g? & two 9 wid?4 ,su* ?+s d n happ5 to ! ,d>iuses & ! ,alex&]s4 ,! fi% ,oannes1 9 =m] times1 came e day out ( ! ,euphrates to prea* ^u its banks2 b !re is no prea*+ fi% n[4 ,x is true t ,/4 ,an?ony ( ,padua w5t & prea*$ to ! fi%es2 h[ev]1 su* ?+s happ5 s v r>ely t !y are sc>cely to be tak5 any acc\nt (4 ,numa held long conv]sations ) ! nymph ,eg]ia2 b we nev] read t ,cs> _h any ) ,v5us1 al?\gh he 0 desc5d$ f h] 9 ! direct l9e4 ,! _w1 we see1 is con/antly advanc+ a little1 & ref9+ gradually4 ,b aft] be+ extricat$ out ( "o sl\gh = a "t1 mank9d are soon plung$ into ano!r4 ,to ages ( civilization succe$ ages ( b>b>ism2 t b>b>ism is aga9 expell$1 & aga9 reappe>s3 x is ! regul> alt]nation ( day & night4 ,( ,^? ,:o ,h ,be5 ,s ,impi\sly ,ra% ,z ,to ,d5y ,! ,miracles ,( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,among ! mod]ns1 ,?omas ,wool/on1 a le>n$ memb] ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 appe>s to me to h be5 ! fir/ :o v5tur$ to int]pret ! ,gospels m]ely 9 a typical1 allegorical1 & spiritual s5se1 & boldly ma9ta9$ t n "o ( ! miracles ( ,jesus 0 actually p]=m$4 ,he wrote )\t me?od or art1 & 9 a /yle confus$ & co>se1 b n de/itute ( vigor4 ,8 six disc\rses aga9/ ! miracles ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 7 publicly sold at ,london1 9 8 own h\se4 ,9 ! c\rse ( two ye>s1 f #agcg to #agci1 he _h ?ree editions ( !m pr9t$1 ( tw5ty ?\s& copies ea*1 & yet x is n[ v difficult to procure "o f ! booksell]s4 ,nev] 0 ,*ri/ianity s d>+ly assail$ by any ,*ri/ian4 ,few writ]s ent]ta9 less awe or respect = ! public1 & no prie/ ev] decl>$ himself m op5ly ! enemy ( prie/s4 ,he ev5 d>$ to ju/ify ?is hatr$ by t ( ,jesus ,*ri/ aga9/ ! ,ph>isees & ,scribes2 & he said t he %\ld n1 l ,jesus ,*ri/1 become _! victim1 because he _h come into ! _w 9 a m enlight5$ age4 ,he c]ta9ly hop$ to ju/ify 8 ra%ness by 8 adoption ( ! my/ical s5se2 b he employs expressions s contemptu\s & abusive t e ,*ri/ian e> is %ock$ at !m4 ,if we may believe him1 :5 ,jesus s5t ! devil into ! h]d ( two ?\s& sw9e1 ,he did nei!r m nor less ?an commit a robb]y on _! own]s4 ,if ! /ory _h be5 told ( ,mahomet1 he w\ld h be5 consid]$ z an abom9able wiz>d1 & a sworn slave to ! devil4 ,& if ! proprietor ( ! sw9e1 & ! m]*ants :o 9 ! out] c\rt ( ! temple sold bea/s = sacrifices1 & :om ,jesus drove out ) a sc\rge1 came to dem& ju/ice :5 he 0 appreh5d$1 x is cle> t he 0 des]v$ly condemn$1 z !re nev] 0 a jury 9 ,engl& t w\ld n h f\nd him guilty4 ,he tells h] =tune to ! woman ( ,sam>ia1 j l a w&]+ ,bohemian or ,gypsy4 ,?is alone 0 suffici5t to cause ,8 bani%m5t1 :i* 0 ! puni%m5t inflict$ ^u =tune-tell]s1 or div9]s1 by ,tib]ius4 ,i am a/oni%$1 says he1 t ! gypsies d n proclaim !mselves ! g5u9e disciples ( ,jesus1 z _! vocation is ! same4 ,h[ev]1 ,i am glad to see t ,he did n extort money f ! ,sam>itan woman1 diff]+ 9 ?is respect f our cl]gy1 :o take c>e to be well paid = _! div9ations4 ,i foll[ ! ord] ( ! pages 9 8 book4 ,! au?or goes on to ! entrance ( ,jesus ,*ri/ into ,j]usalem4 ,x is n cle>1 he says1 :e!r ,he 0 m\nt$ on a male or female ass1 or ^u ! foal ( an ass1 or ^u all ?ree toge!r4 ,he comp>es ,jesus1 :5 tempt$ by ! devil1 to ,/4 ,dun/an1 :o seiz$ ! devil by ! nose2 & he gives ! pref]5ce to ,/4 ,dun/an4 ,at ! article ( ! fig-tree1 :i* 0 curs$ ) b>r5ness = n produc+ figs out ( season = !m1 he describes ,jesus z a m]e vagabond1 a m5dicant fri>1 :o be=e ,he turn$ field-prea*] 0 no bett] ?an a j\rneyman c>p5t]4 ,x is surpris+1 he says1 t ! c\rt ( ,rome has n among all its relics "s little fancy-box or jo9t-/ool ( ,8 workman%ip4 ,9 a ^w1 x is difficult to c>ry blasphemy fur!r4 ,aft] div]t+ himself ) ! probation>y fi%-pool ( ,be!sda1 ! wat]s ( :i* 7 tr\bl$ or /irr$ once 9 e ye> by an angel1 he inquires h[ x c\ld well be1 t nei!r ,flavius ,josephus1 nor ,philo %\ld ev] m5tion ?is angel2 :y ,/4 ,john %\ld be ! sole hi/orian ( ?is miracle2 & by :at o!r miracle x happ5$ t no ,roman ev] saw ?is angel1 or ev] ev5 he>d 8 "n m5tion$8 ,! wat] *ang$ into w9e at ! m>riage ( ,cana1 accord+ to him1 excites ! laught] & contempt ( all :o are n imbrut$ by sup]/ition4 ,:at6 says he1 ,john expressly says t ! gue/s 7 already intoxicat$1 'me?us tosi'2 & ,god comes d[n to e>? & p]=ms ,8 fir/ miracle to enable !m to dr9k /ill m6 ,god1 made man1 comm5ces ,8 mission by assi/+ at a village w$d+4 ,:e!r ,jesus & ,8 "m 7 drunk1 z 7 o!rs ( ! company1 is n c]ta94 ,! famili>ity ( ! lady ) a soldi] leads to ! presumption t %e 0 fond ( h] bottle2 t h] ,son1 h[ev]1 0 some:at affect$ by ! w9e1 appe>s f ,8 answ]+ ,8 "m s 'waspi%ly & snappi%ly' z ,he did1 :5 ,he said1 ',woman1 :at h ,i to d ) !e8' ,x may be inf]r$ f ^! words t ,m>y 0 n a virg91 & t ,jesus 0 n h] son2 _h x be5 o!rwise1 ,he w\ld n h ?us insult$ ,8 fa!r & "m 9 violation ( "o ( ! mo/ sacr$ comm&m5ts ( ! law4 ,h[ev]1 ,he compli$ ) ,8 "m's reque/2 ,he fills eighte5 j>s ) wat]1 & makes pun* ( x4 ,^! are ! v words ( ,?omas ,wool/on1 & mu/ fill e ,*ri/ian s\l ) indignation4 ,x is ) regret1 & ev5 ) trembl+1 t ,i quote ^! passages2 b !re h be5 sixty ?\s& copies ( ?is "w pr9t$1 all be>+ ! "n ( ! au?or1 & all publicly sold at 8 h\se4 ,x c nev] be said t ,i calumniate him4 ,x is to ! dead rais$ aga9 by ,jesus ,*ri/ t he pr9cipally directs 8 att5tion4 ,he cont5ds t a dead man re/or$ to life w\ld h be5 an object ( att5tion & a/oni%m5t to ! univ]se2 t all ! ,jewi% magi/racy1 & m especially ,pilate1 w\ld h made ! mo/ m9ute inve/igations & obta9$ ! mo/ au!ntic depositions2 t ,tib]ius enjo9$ all proconsuls1 prtors1 & gov]nors ( prov9ces to in=m him ) exactness ( e ev5t t took place2 t ,laz>us1 :o _h be5 dead f\r :ole days1 w\ld h be5 mo/ /rictly int]rogat$2 & t no little curiosity w\ld h be5 excit$ to "k :at _h become1 dur+ t "t1 ( 8 s\l4 ,) :at eag] int]e/ w\ld ,tib]ius & ! :ole ,roman s5ate h que/ion$ him1 & n inde$ only him1 b ! daught] ( ,jairus & ! son ( ! wid[ ( ,na98 ,?ree dead p]sons re/or$ to life w\ld h be5 ?ree atte/ations to ! div9ity ( ,jesus1 :i* almo/ 9 a s+le mom5t w\ld h made ! :ole _w ,*ri/ian4 ,b in/ead ( all ?is1 ! :ole _w1 = m ?an two hundr$ ye>s1 knew no?+ ab\t ^! respl5d5t & decisive evid5ces4 ,x is n till a hundr$ ye>s h roll$ away f ! date ( ! ev5ts t "s obscure individuals %[ "o ano!r ! writ+s t conta9 ! relation ( ^? miracles4 ,eighty-n9e emp]ors reckon+ ^? :o _h only ! "n ( tyrants1 nev] he> ! slighte/ m5tion ( ^! resurrections1 al?\gh !y mu/ inevitably h held all nature 9 amazem5t4 ,nei!r ! ,jewi% hi/orian ,josephus1 nor ! le>n$ ,philo1 nor any ,greek or ,roman hi/orian at all notices ^! prodigies4 ,9 %ort1 ,wool/on has ! imprud5ce to say t ! hi/ory ( ,laz>us is s brimful ( absurdities t ,/4 ,john1 :5 he wrote x1 _h outliv$ 8 s5ses4 ,suppos+1 says ,wool/on1 t ,god %\ld 9 our own times s5d an ambassador to ,london to conv]t ! hirel+ cl]gy1 & t ambassador %\ld raise ! dead1 :at w\ld ! cl]gy say8 ,he blasphemes ! inc>nation1 ! resurrection1 & ! asc5sion ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 j ^u ! same sy/em2 & he calls ^! miracles3 ,! mo/ manife/ & ! mo/ b>efac$ impo/ure t ev] 0 put ^u ! _w6 ,:at is p]haps m s+ul> /ill is t ea* ( 8 disc\rses is d$icat$ to a bi%op4 ,8 d$ications are c]ta9ly n exactly 9 ! ,fr5* /yle4 ,he be/[s no flatt]y nor complim5ts4 ,he upbraids !m ) _! pride & av>ice1 _! ambition & faction1 & smiles ) triumph at ! ?\ght ( _! be+ n[1 l e o!r class ( citiz5s1 9 complete subjection to ! laws ( ! /ate4 ,at la/ ^! bi%ops1 tir$ ( be+ insult$ by an undignifi$ memb] ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 det]m9$ ^u a =mal appeal to ! laws4 ,!y in/itut$ a prosecution aga9/ ,wool/on 9 ! ,k+'s ,b5*1 & he 0 tri$ be=e ,*ief-,ju/ice ,raymond1 9 #agbi1 :5 he 0 imprison$1 condemn$ to pay a f9e1 & oblig$ to give security to ! am\nt ( a hundr$ & fifty p\nds /]l+4 ,8 fri5ds furni%$ him ) ! security1 & he did n 9 fact die 9 prison1 z 9 "s ( our c>eless & ill-compil$ diction>ies he is /at$ to h done4 ,he di$ at 8 own h\se 9 ,london1 aft] hav+ utt]$ ^! words3 ,?is is a pass t e man mu/ come to4 ,"s "t be=e 8 dea?1 a female zealot meet+ him 9 ! /reet 0 gross en\gh to spit 9 8 face2 he calmly wip$ 8 face & b[$ to h]4 ,8 mann]s 7 mild & pleas+4 ,he 0 ob/9ately infatuat$ ) ! my/ical mean+1 & blasphem$ ! lit]al "o2 b let u hope t he rep5t$ on 8 dea?-b$1 & t ,god has %[$ him m]cy4 ,ab\t ! same p]iod !re appe>$ 9 ,france ! w ( ,john ,mesli]1 cl]gyman 7cur7 ( ,b & ,entrepigni1 9 ,*ampagne1 ( :om we h already spok51 "u ! article on ,contradictions4 ,x 0 bo? a wond]ful & a melan*oly spectacle to see two prie/s at ! same "t writ+ aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,mesli] is /ill m viol5t ?an ,wool/on4 ,he v5tures to treat ! devil's c>ry+ (f our ,"l to ! top ( a m\nta91 ! m>riage ( ,cana1 & ! loaves & fi%es1 z absurd tales1 injuri\s to ! ,supreme ,be+1 :i* = ?ree hundr$ ye>s 7 unkn[n to ! :ole ,roman ,empire1 & at la/ advanc$ f ! dregs ( ! community to ! ?rone ( ! emp]ors1 :5 policy compell$ !m to adopt ! nons5se ( ! p1 9 ord] to keep !m ! bett] 9 subjection4 ,! declamations ( ! ,engli% prie/ d n approa* 9 vehem5ce ^? ( ! prie/ ( ,*ampagne4 ,wool/on occasionally %[$ discretion4 ,mesli] nev] has any2 he is a man s s5sitively sore to ! crimes to :i* he has be5 witness t he r5d]s ! ,*ri/ian religion responsible = !m1 =gett+ t x condemns !m4 ,!re is n a s+le miracle :i* is n ) him an object ( scorn or horror2 no prophecy :i* he does n comp>e ) ! prophecies ( ,no/radamus4 ,he ev5 goes s f> z to comp>e ,jesus ,*ri/ to ,don ,quixote1 & ,/4 ,pet] to ,san*o ,panza2 & :at is mo/ ( all to be deplor$ is1 t he wrote ^! blasphemies aga9/ ,jesus ,*ri/1 :5 he might be said to be 9 ! v arms ( dea?--at a mom5t :5 ! mo/ deceitful are s9c]e1 & ! mo/ intrepid tremble4 ,too /rongly impress$ by "s injuries t _h be5 done him by 8 sup]iors 9 au?ority2 too deeply affect$ by ! great difficulties :i* he met ) 9 ! ,scripture1 he became exasp]at$ aga9/ x m ?an ,aco/a & all ! ,jews2 m ?an ,porphyry1 ,celsus1 ,iambli*us1 ,julian1 ,libanius1 ,maximus1 ,simma*us1 or any o!r :atev] ( ! p>tisans ( human reason aga9/ ! div9e incompreh5sibilities ( our religion4 ,_m abridgm5ts ( 8 "w h be5 pr9t$2 b happily ! p]sons 9 au?ority suppress$ !m z fa/ z !y appe>$4 ,a prie/ ( ,bonne-,n\velle1 ne> ,p>is1 wrote also on ! same subject2 & x ?us happ5$ t at ! v "t ! abb ,be*]an & ! re/ ( ! ,convulsion>ies 7 p]=m+ miracles1 ?ree prie/s 7 writ+ aga9/ ! g5u9e ,gospel miracles4 ,! mo/ clev] "w t has be5 writt5 aga9/ ! miracles & prophecies is t ( my ,"l ,bol+broke4 ,b happily x is s volum9\s1 s de/itute ( me?od1 s v]bose1 & s ab\nd+ 9 long & sometimes complicat$ s5t5ces1 t x requires a great deal ( pati5ce to read him4 ,!re h be5 "s m9ds s con/itut$ t !y h be5 en*ant$ by ! miracles ( ,moses & ,jo%ua1 b h n ent]ta9$ = ^? ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ! respect to :i* !y are entitl$4 ,_! imag9ation--rais$ by ! gr& spectacle ( ! sea op5+ a passage ?r\gh its dep?s1 & susp5d+ its waves t a horde ( ,hebrews might safely g ?r\gh2 by ! t5 plagues ( ,egypt1 & by ! />s t /opp$ 9 _! c\rse ov] ,gibeon & ,ajalon1 etc4--c\ld n ) ease & satisfaction be let d[n aga91 s z to admire ! comp>atively petty miracles ( ! wat] *ang$ into w9e1 ! )]$ fig-tree1 & ! sw9e dr[n$ 9 ! little lake ( ,gad>a4 ,vagh5seil said t x 0 l he>+ a ru/ic ditty aft] att5d+ a gr& conc]t4 ,! ,talmud pret5ds t !re h be5 _m ,*ri/ians :o1 aft] comp>+ ! miracles ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ) ^? ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 embrac$ ,judaism2 !y consid] x impossible t ! ,sov]eign ,"l ( ,nature %\ld h wr\ght su* /up5d\s prodigies = a religion ,he int5d$ to annihilate4 ,:at6 !y exclaim1 c x possibly be1 t = a s]ies ( ages ,he %\ld h exhibit$ a tra9 ( a/oni%+ & trem5d\s miracles 9 favor ( a true religion t 0 to become a false "o8 ,:at6 c x be t ,god ,himself has record$ t ?is religion %all nev] p]i%1 & t ^? :o attempt to de/roy x %all be /on$ to dea?1 & yet t ,he has nev]!less s5t ,8 own ,son1 ,:o is no o!r ?an ,himself1 to annihilate :at ,he 0 employ$ s _m ages 9 erect+8 ,!re is mu* m to be add$ to ^! rem>ks2 ?is ,son1 !y cont9ue1 ?is ,et]nal ,god1 hav+ made ,himself a ,jew1 adh]es to ! ,jewi% religion dur+ ! :ole ( ,8 life2 ,he p]=ms all ! functions ( x1 ,he frequ5ts ! ,jewi% temple1 ,he ann\nces no?+ contr>y to ! ,jewi% law1 & all ,8 disciples are ,jews & obs]ve ! ,jewi% c]emonies4 ,x mo/ c]ta9ly is n ,he :o e/abli%$ ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,x 0 e/abli%$ by ! dissid5t ,jews :o unit$ ) ! ,platoni/s4 ,!re is n a s+le dogma ( ,*ri/ianity t 0 prea*$ by ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,su* is ! reason+ ( ^! ra% m51 :o1 ) m9ds at once hypocritical & audaci\s1 d>e to criticise ! works ( ,god1 & admit ! miracles ( ! ,old ,te/am5t = ! sole purpose ( reject+ ^? ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,( ?is numb] 0 ! un=tunate prie/ ( ,pont--,m\sson 9 ,lorra9e1 call$ ,ni*olas ,an?ony2 he 0 kn[n by no o!r "n4 ,aft] he _h receiv$ :at is call$ ! f\r m9ors 9 ,lorra9e1 ! ,calv9i/ic prea*] ,f]ri1 happ5+ to g to ,pont--,m\sson1 rais$ 9 8 m9d v s]i\s scruples1 & p]suad$ him t ! f\r m9ors 7 ! m>k ( ! bea/4 ,an?ony1 driv5 almo/ to di/raction by ! ?\ght ( c>ry+ ab\t him ! m>k ( ! bea/1 _h x imm$iately effac$ by ,f]ri1 embrac$ ! ,prote/ant religion1 & became a m9i/] at ,g5eva ab\t ! ye> #afcj4 ,) a head full ( rabb9ical le>n+1 he ?\ght t if ! ,prote/ants 7 "r 9 ref]5ce to ! ,papi/s1 ! ,jews 7 mu* m s 9 ref]5ce to all ! diff]5t sects ( ,*ri/ianity :atev]4 ,f ! village ( ,divonne1 :]e he 0 pa/or1 he w5t to be receiv$ z a ,jew at ,v5ice1 toge!r ) a "y appr5tice 9 !ology :om he _h p]suad$ to adopt 8 own pr9ciples1 b :o aft]w>ds ab&on$ him1 n exp]i5c+ any call to m>tyrdom4 ,at fir/ ! m9i/]1 ,ni*olas ,an?ony1 ab/a9$ f utt]+ ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 8 s]mons & pray]s2 9 a %ort "t1 h[ev]1 becom+ animat$ & embold5$ by ! example ( ! ,jewi% sa9ts1 :o confid5tly pr(ess$ ,judaism be=e ! pr9ces ( ,tyre & ,babylon1 he travell$ b>efoot$ to ,g5eva1 to confess be=e ! judges & magi/rates t !re is only "o religion ^u e>?1 because !re is only "o ,god2 t t religion is ! ,jewi%2 t x is absolutely necess>y to become circumcis$2 & t x is a horrible crime to eat bacon & blood pudd+4 ,he pa!tically exhort$ all ! p ( ,g5eva1 :o cr[d$ to he> him1 no long] to cont9ue *ildr5 ( ,belial1 b to become good ,jews1 9 ord] to des]ve ! k+dom ( heav54 ,he 0 appreh5d$1 & put 9 *a9s4 ,! little ,c\ncil ( ,g5eva1 :i* at t p]iod did no?+ )\t consult+ ! c\ncil ( prea*]s1 ask$ _! advice 9 ?is em]g5cy4 ,! mo/ s5sible ( !m recomm5d$ t poor ,an?ony %\ld be bl$ 9 ! cephalic ve91 use ! ba?1 & be kept ^u gruel & bro?s2 aft] :i* he might p]haps gradually be induc$ to pron\nce ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 or at lea/ to he> x pron\nc$1 )\t gr9d+ 8 tee?1 z _h hi!rto be5 8 practice4 ,!y add$1 t ! laws bore ) ,jews2 t !re 7 eight ?\s& ( !m ev5 9 ,rome itself2 t _m m]*ants are true ,jews1 & !re=e t z ,rome admitt$ )9 its walls eight ?\s& *ildr5 ( ! synagogue1 ,g5eva might well tol]ate "o4 ,at ! s\nd ( tol]ation ! re/ ( ! pa/ors1 :o 7 ! majority1 gna%+ _! tee? /ill m ?an ,an?ony did at ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & also eag] to f9d an opportunity to burn a man1 :i* c\ld n be done e day1 call$ p]emptorily = ! burn+4 ,!y resolv$ t no?+ c\ld s]ve m to e/abli% g5u9e ,*ri/ianity2 t ! ,spani>ds _h obta9$ s mu* reputation 9 ! _w only by burn+ ! ,jews e ye>1 & t aft] all1 if ! ,old ,te/am5t mu/ prevail ov] ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,god w\ld n fail to come & ext+ui% ! flames ( ! pile1 z he did at ,babylon = ,%adra*1 ,me%ac1 & ,ab$nego2 9 :i* case all mu/ g back aga9 to ! ,old ,te/am5t2 b t1 9 ! meantime1 x 0 indisp5sable to burn ,ni*olas ,an?ony4 ,on ! break+ up ( ! meet+1 !y conclud$ ) ! obs]vation3 ,we mu/ put ! wick$ out ( ! way--! v words !y us$4 ,! long-head$ syndics1 ,s>as9 & ,godefroi1 agre$ t ! reason+ ( ! ,calv9i/ic sanh$rim 0 admirable1 & by ! "r ( ! /ronge/ p>ty1 condemn$ ,ni*olas ,an?ony1 ! weake/ ( m51 to die ! same dea? z ,calanus & ! c\nsellor ,dub\rg4 ,?is s5t5ce 0 c>ri$ into execution on ,april #bj1 #afcb1 9 a v beautiful lawn or mead[1 call$ ,pla9-,palais1 9 ! pres5ce ( tw5ty ?\s& p]sons1 :o bless$ ! new law1 & ! wond]ful s5se ( ! syndics ,s>as9 & ,godefroi4 ,! ,god ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob did n r5ew ! miracle ( ! furnace ( ,babylon 9 favor ( poor ,an?ony4 ,abauzit1 an au?or ( great v]acity1 relates 9 8 notes1 t he di$ 9 ! greate/ con/ancy1 & p]si/$ 9 8 op9ions ev5 at ! /ake on ! pile2 he broke out into no passionate invective aga9/ 8 judges :5 ! execution] 0 ty+ him to ! /ake2 he display$ nei!r pride nor pusillanimity2 he nei!r wept nor sigh$2 he 0 resign$4 ,nev] did m>tyr consummate 8 sacrifice ) a m lively fai?2 nev] did philosoph] contemplate a dea? ( horror ) great] firmness4 ,?is cle>ly proves t 8 folly or madness 0 at all ev5ts att5d$ ) s9c]e conviction4 ,let u implore ( ! ,god ( bo? ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5ts t he w grant him m]cy4 ,i w\ld say z mu* = ! ,jesuit ,malagrida1 :o 0 /ill m infatuat$ & mad ?an ,ni*olas ,an?ony2 z ,i w\ld also = ! ex-,jesuits ,pat\illet & ,paulian1 %\ld !y ev] be br\ght to ! /ake4 ,a great numb] ( writ]s1 ^: mis=tune x 0 to be philosoph]s r ?an ,*ri/ians1 h be5 bold en\gh to d5y ! miracles ( our ,"l2 b aft] ! f\r prie/s already notic$1 !re is no necessity to enum]ate o!r in/ances4 ,let u lam5t ov] ^! f\r un=tunate m51 l$ a/ray by _! own deceitful reason1 & precipitat$ by ! gloom ( _! feel+s into an abyss s dreadful & s fatal4 ,,mission4 ,x is f> f our object 9 ?is article to reflect ^u ! zeal ( our mission>ies1 or ! tru? ( our religion2 ^! are suffici5tly kn[n 9 ,*ri/ian ,europe1 & duly respect$4 ,my object is m]ely to make "s rem>ks on ! v curi\s & edify+ lett]s ( ! rev]5d fa!rs1 ! ,jesuits1 :o are n equally respectable4 ,sc>cely d !y arrive 9 ,india be=e !y comm5ce prea*+1 conv]t millions ( ,indians1 & p]=m millions ( miracles4 ,f> be x f me to contradict _! ass]tions4 ,we all "k h[ easy x mu/ be = a ,biscayan1 a ,b]gamask1 or a ,norman to le>n ! ,indian language 9 a few days1 & prea* l an ,indian4 ,) reg>d to miracles1 no?+ is m easy ?an to p]=m !m at a di/ance ( six ?\s& leagues1 s9ce s _m h be5 p]=m$ at ,p>is1 9 ! p>i% ( ,/4 ,md>d4 ,! suffic+ grace ( ! ,mol9i/s c\ld und\bt$ly op]ate on ! banks ( ! ,ganges1 z well z ! efficaci\s grace ( ! ,jans5i/s on ^? ( ! riv] ( ! ,gobel9s4 ,we h1 h[ev]1 said s mu* already ab\t miracles t we %all pursue ! subject no fur!r4 ,a rev]5d fa!r ,jesuit arriv$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! pa/ ye> at ,delhi1 at ! c\rt ( ! great ,mogul4 ,he 0 n a man pr(\ndly skill$ 9 ma!matics1 or highly gift$ 9 m9d1 :o _h come to correct ! cal5d>1 or to e/abli% 8 =tune1 b "o ( ^? poor1 hone/1 zeal\s ,jesuits1 "o ( ^? soldi]s :o are despat*$ on p>ticul> duty by _! g5]al1 & :o obey ord]s )\t reason+ ab\t !m4 ,m4 ,&rais1 my factor1 ask$ him :at 8 bus9ess might be at ,delhi4 ,he repli$ t he _h ord]s f ! rev]5d fa!r ,ricci to deliv] ! ,great ,mogul f ! paws ( ! devil1 & conv]t 8 :ole c\rt4 ,,! ,,jesuit4 ,i h already baptiz$ tw5ty infants 9 ! /reet1 )\t _! kn[+ any?+ at all ab\t ! matt]1 by ?r[+ a few drops ( wat] ^u _! heads4 ,!y are n[ j s _m angels1 provid$ !y are happy en\gh to die directly4 ,i cur$ a poor old woman ( ! megrims by mak+ ! sign ( ! cross beh9d h]4 ,i hope 9 a %ort "t to conv]t ! ,mahometans ( ! c\rt & ! ,g5toos among ! p4 ,y w see 9 ,delhi1 ,agra1 & ,b5>es1 z _m good ,ca?olics1 ador]s ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 z y n[ d idolat]s1 ador+ ! devil4 ,m4 ,,&rais4 ,y ?9k !n1 my wor?y fa!r1 t ! inhabitants ( ^! c\ntries adore idols & ! devil8 ,,! ,,jesuit4 ,und\bt$ly1 z !y are n ( my religion4 ,m4 ,,&rais4 ,v well4 ,b :5 !re are z _m ,ca?olics 9 ,india z idolat]s1 are y n afraid t !y w fight aga9/ "o ano!r2 t blood w fl[ = a long p]iod1 & ! :ole c\ntry be a sc5e ( pillage & deva/ation8 ,?is has happ5$ 9 e c\ntry 9 :i* y h obta9$ a foot+ hi!rto4 ,,! ,,jesuit4 ,y make "o pause = a mom5t2 b no?+ c\ld happ5 bett] ?an t :i* y sugge/ z be+ s probable4 ,! slaught]$ ,ca?olics w\ld g to p>adise--to ! g>d5--& ! ,g5toos to ! ev]la/+ fire ( hell creat$ = !m f all et]nity1 accord+ to ! great m]cy ( ,god1 & = ,8 great glory2 = ,god is exce$+ly glori\s4 ,m4 ,,&rais4 ,b suppose t y %\ld be in=m$ aga9/1 & puni%$ at ! :ipp+ po/8 ,,! ,,jesuit4 ,t w\ld also be = ,8 glory4 ,h[ev]1 ,i conjure y to keep my secret1 & save me f ! honor & happ9ess ( m>tyrdom4