,a ,,philosophical ,,diction>y ,,volume ,,vi ,by ,,voltaire ,,edition ,,de ,,la ,,pacification ,,! ,,works ,,( ,,voltaire ,a ,,contempor>y ,,v]sion ,) ,notes by ,tobias ,smollett1 ,revis$ & ,mod]niz$ ,new ,translations by ,william ,f4 ,flem+1 & an ,introduction by ,oliv] ,h4,g4 ,leigh ,a ,,critique ,,& ,,biography ,,by ,,! ,,rt4 ,,hon4 ,,john ,,morley ,,=ty-,,?ree ,,volumes ,"o hundr$ & sixty-eight designs1 compris+ reproductions ( r>e old engrav+s1 /eel plates1 photogravures1 & curi\s fac-similes ,,volume ,x ,e4,r4 ,du,m,o,n,t ,,p>is 3 ,,london 3 ,,new ,,york 3 ,,*icago #aija ,! ,,works ( ,,voltaire ,betwe5 two s]vants ( ,humanity1 :o appe>$ eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ap>t1 !re is a my/]i\s relation4 99 99 99 99 ,let u say x ) a s5tim5t ( pr(\nd respect3 ,,jesus ,,wept3 ,,voltaire ,,smil$4 ,( t div9e te> & ( t human smile is compos$ ! sweetness ( ! pres5t civilization4 ,,victor ,,hugo4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,plates--,,vol4 ,,vi4 ,,voltaire',s ,,home ,,9 ,,g5eva ,frontispiece ,,! ,,acropolis ,,at ,,a!ns ,,! ,,duke ,,( ,,sully ,,! ,,e/abli%m5t ,,( ,,! ,,inquisition ,,9 ,,portugal 99 99 99 99 99 ,,voltaire ,a ,,philosophical ,,diction>y ,,9 ,,t5 ,,volumes ,,vol4 ,,vi ,,happy--,,job 99 99 99 99 99 ,,happy--,,happily4 ,:at is call$ happ9ess is an ab/ract idea1 compos$ ( v>i\s ideas ( pleasure2 = he :o has b a mom5t ( pleasure is n a happy man1 9 l mann] t a mom5t ( grief con/itutes n a mis]able "o4 ,pleasure is m transi5t ?an happ9ess1 & happ9ess ?an felicity4 ,:5 a p]son says--,i am happy at ?is mom5t1 he abuses ! ^w1 & only means ,i am pleas$4 ,:5 pleasure is cont9u\s1 he may !n call himself happy4 ,:5 ?is happ9ess la/s a little long]1 x is a /ate ( felicity4 ,we are sometimes v f> f be+ happy 9 prosp]ity1 j z a surfeit$ invalid eats no?+ ( a great fea/ prep>$ = him4 ,! anci5t adage1 ,no p]son %\ld be call$ happy be=e 8 dea?1 seems to turn on v false pr9ciples1 if we mean by ?is maxim t we %\ld n give ! "n ( happy to a man :o _h be5 s con/antly f 8 bir? to 8 la/ h\r4 ,?is cont9uity ( agreeable mom5ts is r5d]$ impossible by ! con/itution ( our organs1 by t ( ! elem5ts on :i* we dep5d1 & by t ( mank9d1 on :om we dep5d /ill m4 ,con/ant happ9ess is ! philosoph]'s /one ( ! s\l2 x is a great deal = u n to be a long "t unhappy4 ,a p]son :om we might suppose to h always enjoy$ a happy life1 :o p]i%es mis]ably1 w\ld c]ta9ly m]it ! appellation ( happy until 8 dea?1 & we might boldly pron\nce t he _h be5 ! happie/ ( m54 ,socrates might h be5 ! happie/ ( ! ,greeks1 al?\gh sup]/iti\s1 absurd1 or iniquit\s judges1 or all toge!r1 juridically poison$ him at ! age ( sev5ty ye>s1 on ! suspicion t he believ$ 9 only "o ,god4 ,! philosophical maxim s mu* agitat$1 ,nemo ante obitum felix1 !re=e1 appe>s absolutely false 9 e s5se2 & if x signifies t a happy man may die an unhappy dea?1 x signifies no?+ ( consequ5ce4 ,! prov]b ( be+ ,happy z a k+ is /ill m false4 ,ev]ybody kn[s h[ ! vulg> deceive !mselves4 ,x is ask$1 if "o condition is happi] ?an ano!r2 if man 9 g5]al is happi] ?an woman4 ,x w\ld be necess>y to h tri$ all conditions1 to h be5 man & woman l ,tiresias & ,iphis1 to decide ?is "q2 /ill m w\ld x be necess>y to h liv$ 9 all conditions1 ) a m9d equally prop] to ea*2 & we mu/ h pass$ ?r\gh all ! possible /ates ( man & woman to judge ( x4 ,x is fur!r qu]i$1 if ( two m5 "o is happi] ?an ! o!r4 ,x is v cle> t he :o has ! g\t & /one1 :o loses 8 =tune1 8 honor1 8 wife & *ildr51 & :o is condemn$ to be hang$ imm$iately aft] hav+ be5 mangl$1 is less happy 9 ?is _w 9 ev]y?+ ?an a "y1 vigor\s sultan1 or ,la ,fonta9e's cobbl]4 ,b we wi% to "k :i* is ! happi] ( two m5 equally heal?y1 equally ri*1 & ( an equal condition4 ,x is cle> t x is _! temp] :i* decides x4 ,! mo/ mod]ate1 ! lea/ anxi\s1 & at ! same "t ! mo/ s5sible1 is ! mo/ happy2 b un=tunately ! mo/ s5sible is (t5 ! lea/ mod]ate4 ,x is n our condition1 x is ! temp] ( our s\ls :i* r5d]s u happy4 ,?is disposition ( our s\ls dep5ds on our organs1 & our organs h be5 arrang$ )\t our hav+ ! lea/ "p 9 ! arrangem5t4 ,x belongs to ! read] to make 8 reflections on ! above4 ,!re are _m articles on :i* he c say m ?an we ought to tell him4 ,9 matt]s ( art1 x is necess>y to in/ruct him2 9 affairs ( morals1 he %\ld be left to ?9k = himself4 ,!re are dogs :om we c>ess1 comb1 & fe$ ) biscuits1 & :om we give to pretty females3 !re are o!rs :i* are cov]$ ) ! mange1 :i* die ( hung]2 o!rs :i* we *ase & beat1 & :i* a "y surgeon sl[ly dissects1 aft] hav+ driv5 f\r great nails into _! paws4 ,has x dep5d$ ^u ^! poor dogs to be happy or unhappy8 ,we say a happy ?\ght1 a happy feature1 a happy rep>tee1 a happy physiognomy1 happy climate1 etc4 ,^! ?\ghts1 ^! happy traits1 :i* /rike l sudd5 inspirations1 & :i* are call$ ! happy sallies ( a man ( wit1 /rike l fla%es ( light across our eyes1 )\t our seek+ x4 ,!y are no m 9 our p[] ?an a happy physiognomy2 t is to say1 a sweet & noble aspect1 s indep5d5t ( u1 & s (t5 deceitful4 ,! happy climate is t :i* nature favors3 s are happy imag9ations1 s is happy g5ius1 or great tal5t4 ,& :o c give himself g5ius8 or :o1 :5 he has receiv$ "s ray ( ?is flame1 c pres]ve x always brilliant8 ,:5 we speak ( a happy rascal1 by ?is ^w we only compreh5d 8 success4 ,felix ,sulla--! =tunate ,sulla1 & ,alex&] ,,vi41 a duke ( ,borgia1 h happily pillag$1 betray$1 poison$1 ravag$1 & assass9at$4 ,b be+ villa9s1 x is v likely t !y 7 v unhappy1 ev5 :5 n 9 fe> ( p]sons resembl+ !mselves4 ,x may happ5 to an ill-dispos$ p]son1 badly educat$--a ,turk1 = example1 ( :om x ought to be said1 t he is p]mitt$ to d\bt ! ,*ri/ian fai?--to put a silk5 cord r\nd ! necks ( 8 vizi]s1 :5 !y are ri*2 to /rangle1 massacre1 or ?r[ 8 bro!rs into ! ,black ,sea1 & to ravage a hundr$ leagues ( c\ntry = 8 glory4 ,x may happ51 ,i say1 t ?is man has no m remorse ?an 8 mufti1 & is v happy--on all :i* ! read] may duly pond]4 ,!re 7 =m]ly happy planets1 & o!rs unhappy1 or un=tunate2 unhappily1 !y no long] exi/4 ,"s p w\ld h depriv$ ! public ( ?is useful ,diction>y--happily1 !y h n succe$$4 ,ung5]\s m9ds1 & absurd fanatics1 e day endeavor to prejudice ! p[]ful & ! ignorant aga9/ philosoph]s4 ,if !y 7 unhappily li/5$ to1 we %\ld fall back into ! b>b>ity f :i* philosoph]s alone h )drawn u4 ,,heav5 7,,ciel ,,mat,,riel74 ,! laws ( optics1 :i* are f\nd$ ^u ! nature ( ?+s1 h orda9$ t1 f ?is small globe ( e>? on :i* we live1 we %all always see ! mat]ial heav5 z if we 7 ! c5tre ( x1 al?\gh we are f> f be+ t c5tre2 t we %all always see x z a vault$ ro(1 hang+ ov] a plane1 al?\gh !re is no o!r vault$ ro( ?an t ( our atmosph]e1 :i* has no su* plane2 t our sun & moon w always appe> "o-?ird l>g] at ! horizon ?an at _! z5i?1 al?\gh !y are ne>] ! spectator at ! z5i? ?an at ! horizon4 ,su* are ! laws ( optics1 su* is ! /ructure ( y\r eyes1 t1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! mat]ial heav51 ! cl\ds1 ! moon1 ! sun1 :i* is at s va/ a di/ance f y2 ! planets1 :i* 9 _! apogee are /ill at a great] di/ance f x2 all ! />s plac$ at di/ances yet va/ly great]1 comets & meteors1 ev]y?+1 mu/ appe> to u 9 t vault$ ro( z consi/+ ( our atmosph]e4 ,! sun appe>s to u1 :5 9 its z5i?1 small] ?an :5 at fifte5 degrees bel[2 at ?irty degrees bel[ ! z5i? x w appe> /ill l>g] ?an at fifte52 & f9ally1 at ! horizon1 its size w seem l>g] yet2 s t its dim5sions 9 ! l[] heav5 decrease 9 consequ5ce ( its elevations1 9 ! foll[+ proportions3 ,at ! horizon #ajj ,at fifte5 degrees above #fh ,at ?irty degrees #ej ,at =ty-five degrees #dj ,its app>5t magnitudes 9 ! vault$ ro( are z its app>5t elevations2 & x is ! same ) ! moon1 & ) a comet4 ,x is n habit1 x is n ! int]v5tion ( tracts ( l&1 x is n ! refraction ( ! atmosph]e :i* produces ?is effect4 ,malebran*e & ,rgis h disput$ ) ea* o!r on ?is subject2 b ,rob]t ,smi? has calculat$4 ,obs]ve ! two />s1 :i*1 be+ at a prodigi\s di/ance f ea* o!r1 & at v diff]5t dep?s1 9 ! imm5sity ( space1 are "h consid]$ z plac$ 9 ! circle :i* ! sun appe>s to trav]se4 ,y p]ceive !m di/ant f ea* o!r 9 ! great circle1 b approximat+ to ea* o!r 9 e circle small]1 or )9 t describ$ by ! pa? ( ! sun4 ,x is 9 ?is mann] t y see ! mat]ial heav54 ,x is by ^! inv>iable laws ( optics t y p]ceive ! planets sometimes retrograde & sometimes /ation>y2 !re is 9 fact no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,7 y /ation$ 9 ! sun1 we %\ld p]ceive all ! planets & comets mov+ regul>ly r\nd x 9 ^? elliptical orbits :i* ,god assigns4 ,b we are ^u ! planet ( ! e>?1 9 a corn] ( ! univ]se1 :]e x is impossible = u to enjoy ! sight ( ev]y?+4 ,let u n !n blame ! errors ( our s5ses1 l ,malebran*e2 ! /eady laws ( nature orig9at+ 9 ! immutable w ( ! ,almighty1 & adapt$ to ! /ructure ( our organs1 _c be errors4 ,we c see only ! appe>ances ( ?+s1 & n ?+s !mselves4 ,we are no m deceiv$ :5 ! sun1 ! "w ( ! div9ity--t /> a million times l>g] ?an our e>?--appe>s to u q flat & two feet 9 wid?1 ?an :51 9 a convex mirror1 :i* is ! "w ( our own h&s1 we see a man only a few in*es high4 ,if ! ,*aldan magi 7 ! fir/ :o employ$ ! und]/&+ :i* ,god be/[$ ^u !m1 to measure & arrange 9 _! respective /ations ! heav5ly bodies1 o!r nations m gross & un9tellig5t made no advance t[>ds imitat+ !m4 ,^! *ildi% & savage populations imag9$ ! e>? to be flat1 support$1 ,i "k n h[1 by its own weight 9 ! air2 ! sun1 moon1 & />s to move cont9ually ^u a solid vault$ ro( call$ a firmam5t2 & ?is ro( to su/a9 wat]s1 & h flood-gates at regul> di/ances1 ?r\gh :i* ^! wat]s issu$ to moi/5 & f]tilize ! e>?4 ,b h[ did ! sun1 ! moon1 & all ! />s reappe> aft] _! sett+8 ,( ?is !y "k no?+ at all4 ,! heav5 t\*$ ! flat e>?3 & !re 7 no means by :i* ! sun1 moon1 & />s c\ld turn "u ! e>?1 & g to rise 9 ! ea/ aft] hav+ set 9 ! we/4 ,x is true t ^! *ildr5 ( ignorance 7 "r by *ance 9 n ent]ta9+ ! idea t ! sun & fix$ />s mov$1 r\nd ! e>?4 ,b !y 7 f> f conceiv+ t ! sun 0 immovable1 & ! e>? ) its satellite revolv+ r\nd him 9 space toge!r ) ! o!r planets4 ,_! fables 7 m di/ant f ! true sy/em ( ! _w ?an d>kness f light4 ,!y ?\ght t ! sun & />s return$ by c]ta9 unkn[n roads aft] hav+ refre%$ !mselves = _! c\rse at "s spot1 n precisely asc]ta9$1 9 ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea4 ,?is 0 ! am\nt ( a/ronomy1 ev5 9 ! "t ( ,hom]1 :o is comp>atively rec5t2 = ! ,*aldans kept _! sci5ce to !mselves1 9 ord] to obta9 !reby1 great] respect f o!r nations4 ,hom] says1 m ?an once1 t ! sun plunges into ! ocean--& ?is ocean1 be x obs]v$1 is no?+ b ! ,nile--"h1 by ! fre%ness ( ! wat]s1 he repairs dur+ ! night ! fatigue & exhau/ion ( ! day1 aft] :i*1 he goes to ! place ( 8 regul> ris+ by ways unkn[n to mortals4 ,?is idea is v l t ( ,b>on ,fne/e1 :o says1 t ! cause ( our n see+ ! sun :5 he goes back1 is t he goes back by night4 ,z1 at t "t1 ! nations ( ,syria & ! ,greeks 7 some:at acqua9t$ ) ,asia & a small "p ( ,europe1 & _h no notion ( ! c\ntries :i* lie to ! nor? ( ! ,eux9e ,sea & to ! s\? ( ! ,nile1 !y laid x d[n z a c]ta9ty t ! e>? 0 a full ?ird long] ?an x 0 wide2 consequ5tly ! heav51 :i* t\*$ ! e>? & embrac$ x1 0 also long] ?an x 0 wide4 ,h5ce came d[n to u degrees ( longitude & latitude1 names :i* we h always reta9$1 al?\gh ) f> m correct ideas ?an ^? :i* orig9ally sugge/$ !m4 ,! ,book ( ,job1 compos$ by an anci5t ,arab :o possess$ "s k ( a/ronomy1 s9ce he speaks ( ! con/ellations1 conta9s nev]!less ! foll[+ passage3 ,:]e w]t ?\1 :5 ,i laid ! f\ndation ( ! e>?8 ,:o ha? tak5 ! dim5sions !re(8 ,on :at are its f\ndations fix$8 ,:o ha? laid ! corn]/one !re(8 ,! lea/ in=m$ s*oolboy1 at ! pres5t day1 w\ld tell him1 9 answ]3 ,! e>? has nei!r corn]/one nor f\ndation2 &1 z to its dim5sions1 we "k !m p]fectly well1 z f ,magellan to ,b\ga9ville1 v>i\s navigators h sail$ r\nd x4 ,! same s*oolboy w\ld put to sil5ce ! pomp\s declaim] ,lactantius1 & all ^? :o be=e & s9ce 8 "t h decid$ t ! e>? 0 fix$ ^u ! wat]1 & t !re c be no heav5 "u ! e>?2 & t1 consequ5tly1 x is bo? ridicul\s & impi\s to suppose ! exi/5ce ( antipodes4 ,x is curi\s to obs]ve ) :at disda91 ) :at contemptu\s pity1 ,lactantius looks d[n ^u all ! philosoph]s1 :o1 f ab\t f\r hundr$ ye>s be=e 8 "t1 _h begun to be acqua9t$ ) ! app>5t revolutions ( ! sun & planets1 ) ! r\ndness ( ! e>?1 & ! liquid & yield+ nature ( ! heav5 ?r\gh :i* ! planets revolv$ 9 _! orbits1 etc4 ,he inquires1 by :at degrees philosoph]s atta9$ su* excess ( folly z to conceive ! e>? to be a globe1 & to surr\nd t globe ) heav54 ,^! reason+s are ^u a p> ) ^? he has adduc$ on ! subject ( ! sibyls4 ,our "y s*ol> w\ld address "s su* language z ?is to all ^! consequ5tial doctors3 ,y are to le>n t !re are no su* ?+s z solid heav5s plac$ "o ov] ano!r1 z y h be5 told2 t !re are no real circles 9 :i* ! />s move on a pret5d$ firmam5t2 t ! sun is ! c5tre ( our planet>y _w2 & t ! e>? & ! planets move r\nd x 9 space1 9 orbits n circul> b elliptical4 ,y mu/ le>n t !re is1 9 fact1 nei!r above nor bel[1 b t ! planets & ! comets t5d all t[>ds ! sun1 _! common c5tre1 & t ! sun t5ds t[>ds !m1 accord+ to an et]nal law ( gravitation4 ,lactantius & 8 gabbl+ associates w\ld be p]fectly a/oni%$1 7 ! true sy/em ( ! _w ?us unfold$ to !m4 ,,heav5 ,,( ,,! ,,anci5ts4 ,7 a silkworm to d5om9ate ! small quantity ( d[ny sub/ance surr\nd+ its ball1 heav51 x w\ld reason j z correctly z all ! anci5ts1 :5 !y appli$ t t]m to ! atmosph]e2 :i*1 z ,m4 de ,font5elle has well obs]v$ 9 8 ,plurality ( ,worlds1 is ! d[n ( our ball4 ,! vapors :i* rise f our seas & l&1 & :i* =m ! cl\ds1 meteors1 & ?und]1 7 suppos$1 9 ! e>ly ages ( ! _w1 to be ! resid5ce ( gods4 ,hom] always makes ! gods desc5d 9 cl\ds ( gold2 & h5ce pa9t]s /ill repres5t !m seat$ on a cl\d4 ,h[ c any "o be seat$ on wat]8 ,x 0 p]fectly correct to place ! ma/] ( ! gods m at ease ?an ! re/2 he _h an eagle to c>ry him1 because ! eagle so>s high] ?an ! o!r birds4 ,! anci5t ,greeks1 obs]v+ t ! lords ( cities resid$ 9 citadels on ! tops ( m\nta9s1 suppos$ t ! gods might also h _! citadel1 & plac$ x 9 ,!ssaly1 on ,m\nt ,olympus1 ^: summit is sometimes hidd5 9 cl\ds2 s t _! palace 0 on ! same floor ) _! heav54 ,aft]w>ds1 ! />s & planets1 :i* appe> fix$ to ! blue vault ( our atmosph]e1 became ! abodes ( gods2 sev5 ( !m _h ea* a planet1 & ! re/ f\nd a lodg+ :]e !y c\ld4 ,! g5]al c\ncil ( gods 0 held 9 a spaci\s hall :i* lay beyond ! ,milky ,way2 = x 0 b reasonable t ! gods %\ld h a hall 9 ! air1 z m5 _h t[n-halls & c\rts ( assembly ^u e>?4 ,:5 ! ,titans1 a species ( animal betwe5 gods & m51 decl>$ _! j & necess>y w> aga9/ ^! same gods 9 ord] to recov] a "p ( _! patrimony1 by ! fa!r's side1 z !y 7 ! sons ( heav5 & e>?2 !y cont5t$ !mselves ) pil+ two or ?ree m\nta9s ^u "o ano!r1 ?9k+ t w\ld be q en\gh to make !m ma/]s ( heav51 & ( ! ca/le ( ,olympus4 ,neve =et t]ris securior arduus !r1 ,affectasse f]unt regnum cele/e gigantes2 ,attaque conge/os /ruxisse ad sid]a montes4 --,,ovid',s ,metamorph41 i4 #aea-aec4 ,nor heav5 itself 0 m secure ?an e>?2 ,aga9/ ! gods ! ,titans levi$ w>s1 ,& pil$ up m\nta9s till !y rea*$ ! />s4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 m ?an six hundr$ leagues f ^! />s to ,m\nt ,olympus1 & f "s />s inf9itely f>!r4 ,virgil 7,eclogue v1 #eg7 does n hesitate to say3 ,sub p$ibusque videt nubes et sid]a ,daphnis4 ,daphnis1 ! gue/ ( heav51 ) wond]+ eyes1 ,views 9 ! ,milky ,way1 ! ,/>ry skies1 ,& f> b5ea? him1 f ! %9+ sph]e ,beholds ! morn+ cl\ds1 & roll+ ye>4 --,,dryd54 ,b :]e !n c\ld ,daphnis possibly place himself8 ,at ! op]a1 & 9 m s]i\s productions1 ! gods are introduc$ desc5d+ 9 ! mid/ ( tempe/s1 cl\ds1 & ?und]2 t is1 ,god is br\ght =w>d 9 ! mid/ ( ! vapors ( our petty globe4 ,^! notions are s suitable to our weak m9ds1 t !y appe> to u gr& & sublime4 ,?is philosophy ( *ildr5 & old wom5 0 ( prodigi\s antiquity2 x is believ$1 h[ev]1 t ! ,*aldans ent]ta9$ ne>ly z correct ideas z ourselves on ! subject ( :at is call$ heav54 ,!y plac$ ! sun 9 ! mid/ ( our planet>y sy/em1 ne>ly at ! same di/ance f our globe z our calculation computes x2 & !y suppos$ ! e>? & "s planets to revolve r\nd t />2 ?is we le>n f ,ari/>*us ( ,samos4 ,x is ne>ly ! sy/em ( ! _w s9ce e/abli%$ by ,cop]nicus3 b ! philosoph]s kept ! secret to !mselves1 9 ord] to obta9 great] respect bo? f k+s & p1 or r p]haps1 to avoid ! dang] ( p]secution4 ,! language ( error is s famili> to mank9d t we /ill apply ! "n ( heav5 to our vapors1 & ! space betwe5 ! e>? & moon4 ,we use ! expression ( asc5d+ to heav51 j z we say ! sun turns r\nd1 al?\gh we well "k t x does n4 ,we are1 probably1 ! heav5 ( ! inhabitants ( ! moon2 & e planet places its heav5 9 t planet ne>e/ to itself4 ,_h ,hom] be5 ask$1 to :at heav5 ! s\l ( ,s>p$on _h fl$1 or :]e t ( ,h]cules resid$1 ,hom] w\ld h be5 a good deal emb>rass$1 & w\ld h answ]$ by "s h>moni\s v]ses4 ,:at assurance c\ld !re be1 t ! e!real s\l ( ,h]cules w\ld be m at its ease 9 ! planet ,v5us or 9 ,saturn1 ?an ^u our own globe8 ,c\ld its mansion be 9 ! sun8 ,9 t flam+ & consum+ furnace1 x w\ld appe> difficult = x to endure its /ation4 ,9 %ort1 :at 0 x t ! anci5ts meant by heav58 ,!y knew no?+ ab\t x2 !y 7 always exclaim+1 ,heav5 & e>?1 ?us plac+ completely diff]5t ?+s 9 mo/ absurd connection4 ,x w\ld be j z judici\s to exclaim1 & connect 9 ! same mann]1 inf9ity & an atom4 ,prop]ly speak+1 !re is no heav54 ,!re are a prodigi\s numb] ( globes revolv+ 9 ! imm5sity ( space1 & our globe revolves l ! re/4 ,! anci5ts ?\ght t to g to heav5 0 to asc5d2 b !re is no asc5t f "o globe to ano!r4 ,! heav5ly bodies are sometimes above our horizon1 & sometimes bel[ x4 ,?us1 let u suppose t ,v5us1 aft] visit+ ,paphos1 %\ld return to h] own planet1 :5 t planet _h set2 ! goddess w\ld n 9 t case asc5d1 9 ref]5ce to our horizon2 %e w\ld desc5d1 & ! prop] expression w\ld be !n1 desc5d$ to heav54 ,b ! anci5ts did n discrim9ate ) su* nicety2 on e subject ( natural philosophy1 _! notions 7 vague1 unc]ta9 & contradictory4 ,volumes h be5 compos$ 9 ord] to asc]ta9 & po9t out :at !y ?\ght ^u _m que/ions ( ?is description4 ,six words w\ld h be5 suffici5t--!y did n ?9k at all4 ,we mu/ always except a small numb] ( sages2 b !y appe>$ at too late a p]iod1 & b r>ely disclos$ _! ?\ghts2 & :5 !y did s1 ! *>latans 9 p[] took c>e to s5d !m to heav5 by ! %orte/ way4 ,a writ]1 if ,i am n mi/ak51 ( ! "n ( ,plu*e1 has be5 rec5tly exhibit+ ,moses z a great natural philosoph]2 ano!r _h previ\sly h>moniz$ ,moses ) ,desc>tes1 & publi%$ a book1 :i* he call$1 ,c>lesius ,mosaisans2 accord+ to him1 ,moses 0 ! real inv5tor ( ,vortices1 & ! subtile matt]2 b we full well "k1 t :5 ,god made ,moses a great legislator & prophet1 x 0 no "p ( ,8 s*eme to make him also a pr(essor ( physics4 ,moses in/ruct$ ! ,jews 9 _! duty1 & did n tea* !m a s+le ^w ( philosophy4 ,calmet1 :o compil$ a great deal1 b nev] reason$ at all1 talks ( ! sy/em ( ! ,hebrews2 b t /upid p nev] _h any sy/em4 ,!y _h n ev5 a s*ool ( geometry2 ! v "n 0 utt]ly unkn[n to !m4 ,! :ole ( _! sci5ce 0 compris$ 9 money-*ang+ & usury4 ,we f9d 9 _! books ideas on ! /ructure ( heav51 confus$1 incoh]5t1 & 9 e respect wor?y ( a p imm]s$ 9 b>b>ism4 ,_! fir/ heav5 0 ! air1 ! second ! firmam5t 9 :i* ! />s 7 fix$4 ,?is firmam5t 0 solid & made ( glass1 & support$ ! sup]ior wat]s :i* issu$ f ! va/ res]voirs by flood-gates1 sluices1 & cat>acts1 at ! "t ( ! deluge4 ,above ! firmam5t or ^! sup]ior wat]s 0 ! ?ird heav51 or ! empyream1 to :i* ,/4 ,paul 0 caught up4 ,! firmam5t 0 a sort ( demi-vault :i* came close d[n to ! e>?4 ,x is cle> t1 accord+ to ?is op9ion1 !re c\ld be no antipodes4 ,accord+ly1 ,/4 ,augu/9e treats ! idea ( antipodes z an absurdity2 & ,lactantius1 :om we h already quot$1 expressly says c !re possibly be any p]sons s simple z to believe t !re are m5 ^: heads are l[] ?an _! feet8 etc4 ,/4 ,*ryso/om exclaims1 9 8 f\rte5? homily1 ,:]e are !y :o pret5d t ! heav5s are movable1 & t _! =m is circul>8 ,lactantius1 once m1 says1 9 ! ?ird book ( 8 ,in/itutions1 ,i c\ld prove to y by _m argum5ts t x is impossible heav5 %\ld surr\nd ! e>?4 ,! au?or ( ! ,spectacle ( ,nature may repeat to ,m4 le ,*evali] z (t5 z he pleases1 t ,lactantius & ,/4 ,*ryso/om are great philosoph]s4 ,he w be told 9 reply t !y 7 great sa9ts2 & t to be a great sa9t1 x is n at all necess>y to be a great a/ronom]4 ,x w be believ$ t !y are 9 heav51 al?\gh x w be admitt$ to be impossible to say precisely 9 :at "p ( x4 ,,hell4 ,inf]num1 subt]ranean2 ! regions bel[1 or ! inf]nal regions4 ,nations :i* buri$ ! dead plac$ !m 9 ! inf]ior or inf]nal regions4 ,_! s\l1 !n1 0 ) !m 9 ^? regions4 ,su* 7 ! fir/ physics & ! fir/ metaphysics ( ! ,egyptians & ,greeks4 ,! ,indians1 :o 7 f> m anci5t1 :o _h inv5t$ ! +5i\s doctr9e ( ! metempsy*osis1 nev] believ$ t s\ls exi/$ 9 ! inf]nal regions4 ,! ,japanese1 ,coreans1 ,*9ese1 & ! inhabitants ( ! va/ t]ritory ( ea/]n & we/]n ,t>t>y nev] knew a ^w ( ! philosophy ( ! inf]nal regions4 ,! ,greeks1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 con/itut$ an imm5se k+dom ( ^! inf]nal regions1 :i* !y lib]ally conf]r$ on ,pluto & 8 wife ,pros]p9e4 ,!y assign$ !m ?ree privy c\nsellors1 ?ree h\sekeep]s call$ ,furies1 & ?ree ,fates to sp91 w9d1 & cut ! ?read ( human life4 ,&1 z 9 anci5t times1 e h]o _h 8 dog to gu>d 8 gate1 s 0 ,pluto att5d$ & gu>d$ by an imm5se dog ) ?ree heads2 = ev]y?+1 x seems1 0 to be done by ?rees4 ,( ! ?ree privy c\nsellors1 ,m9os1 acus1 & ,rhadaman?us1 "o judg$ ,greece1 ano!r ,asia ,m9or--= ! ,greeks 7 !n unacqua9t$ ) ! ,great] ,asia--& ! ?ird 0 = ,europe4 ,! poets1 hav+ inv5t$ ^! inf]nal regions1 or hell1 7 ! fir/ to laugh at !m4 ,sometimes ,virgil m5tions hell 9 ! neid 9 a /yle ( s]i\sness1 because t /yle 0 !n suitable to 8 subject4 ,sometimes he speaks ( x ) contempt 9 8 ,georgics 7ii4 #dij1 etc474 ,felix qui potuit r]um cognosc]e causas ,atque metus omnes et inexorabile fatum ,subjecit p$ibus /repitumque ,a*]ontis av>i6 ,happy ! man ^: vigor\s s\l c pi]ce ,?r\gh ! =mation ( ?is univ]se1 ,:o nobly d>es despise1 ) s\l s$ate1 ,! d5 ( ,a*]on1 & vulg> fe>s & fate4 --,,:>ton4 ,! foll[+ l9es f ! ,troad 7*orus ( act ii471 9 :i* ,pluto1 ,c]b]us1 ,phlege?on1 ,/yx1 etc41 are treat$ l dreams & *ildi% tales1 7 repeat$ 9 ! !atre ( ,rome1 & applaud$ by =ty ?\s& h&s3 4444 ,tn>a et asp]o ,regnum sub dom9o1 lim5 et obsid5s ,cu/os non facili ,c]b]us o/io ,rumores vacui1 v]baque inania1 ,et p> solicito fabula somnio4 ,lucretius & ,horace express !mselves equally /rongly4 ,cic]o & ,s5eca us$ simil> language 9 innum]able p>ts ( _! writ+s4 ,! great emp]or ,m>cus ,aurelius reasons /ill m philosophically ?an ^? ,i h m5tion$4 ,he :o fe>s dea?1 fe>s ei!r to be depriv$ ( all s5ses1 or to exp]i5ce o!r s5sations4 ,b1 if y no long] reta9 y\r own s5ses1 y w be no long] subject to any pa9 or grief4 ,if y h s5ses ( a diff]5t nature1 y w be a totally diff]5t be+4 ,to ?is reason+1 pr(ane philosophy _h no?+ to reply4 ,yet1 agreeably to t contradiction or p]v]s5ess :i* di/+ui%es ! human species1 & seems to con/itute ! v f\ndation ( our nature1 at ! v "t :5 ,cic]o publicly decl>$ t n ev5 an old woman 0 to be f\nd :o believ$ 9 su* absurdities1 ,lucretius admitt$ t ^! ideas 7 p[]fully impressive ^u m5's m9ds2 8 object1 he says1 is to de/roy !m3 4444 ,si c]tum f9em esse vid]5t rumn>um hom9es1 aliqua ratione val]5t ,religionibus atque m9is obsi/]e vatum4 ,nunc ratio nulla e/ re/&i1 nulla facultas2 t]nas quoniam po5as 9 morte tim5dum4 --,,lucretius1 i4 #ajh4 4444 ,if x once appe> ,t aft] dea? !re's nei!r hope nor fe>2 ,!n might m5 freely triumph1 !n disda9 ,! poet's tales1 & scorn _! fanci$ pa92 ,b n[ we mu/ submit1 s9ce pa9s we fe> ,et]nal aft] dea?1 we "k n :]e4 --,,cree*4 ,x 0 !re=e true1 t among ! l[e/ classes ( ! p1 "s laugh$ at hell1 & o!rs trembl$ at x4 ,"s reg>d$ ,c]b]us1 ! ,furies1 & ,pluto z ridicul\s fables1 o!rs p]petually pres5t$ (f]+s to ! inf]nal gods4 ,x 0 ) !m j z x is n[ among ourselves3 ,et quocumque tam5 mis]i v5]e1 p>5tant1 ,et nigros mactant pecudes1 et ,manibus divis ,inf]ias mittunt multoque 9 rebus ac]bis ,acrius admittunt animos ad religionem4 --,,lucretius1 iii4 #ea4 ,nay1 m ?an t1 :]e'er ! wret*es come ,!y sacrifice black %eep on e tomb1 ,to please ! manes2 & ( all ! r\t1 ,:5 c>es & dang]s press1 gr[ mo/ dev\t4 --,,cree*4 ,_m philosoph]s :o _h no belief 9 ! fables ab\t hell1 7 yet desir\s t ! p %\ld reta9 t belief4 ,su* 0 ,zim5s ( ,locris4 ,su* 0 ! political hi/orian ,polybius4 ,hell1 says he1 is useless to sages1 b necess>y to ! bl9d & brutal populace4 ,x is well kn[n t ! law ( ! ,p5tateu* nev] ann\nces a hell4 ,all mank9d 0 involv$ 9 ?is *aos ( contradiction & unc]ta9ty1 :5 ,jesus ,*ri/ came into ! _w4 ,he confirm$ ! anci5t doctr9e ( hell1 n ! doctr9e ( ! hea!n poets1 n t ( ! ,egyptian prie/s1 b t :i* ,*ri/ianity adopt$1 & to :i* ev]y?+ mu/ yield4 ,he ann\nc$ a k+dom t 0 ab\t to come1 & a hell t %\ld h no end4 ,he said1 9 express words1 at ,cap]naum 9 ,galilee1 ,:osoev] %all call 8 bro!r ',raca1' %all be condemn$ by ! sanh$rim2 b :osoev] %all call him 'fool1' %all be condemn$ to ,geh5na ,h9nom1 ,geh5na ( fire4 ,?is proves two ?+s1 fir/1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 adv]se to abuse & revil+2 = x belong$ only to ,him1 z ma/]1 to call ! ,ph>isees hypocrites1 & a g5]ation ( vip]s4 ,secondly1 t ^? :o revile _! neighbor des]ve hell2 = ! ,geh5na ( fire 0 9 ! valley ( ,h9nom1 :]e victims _h =m]ly be5 burn$ 9 sacrifice to ,molo*1 & ?is ,geh5na 0 typical ( ! fire ( hell4 ,he says1 9 ano!r place1 ,if any "o %all (f5d "o ( ! weak :o believe 9 ,me1 x 7 bett] = him t a mill/one 7 hang$ ab\t 8 neck & he 7 ca/ into ! sea4 ,& if ?y h& (f5d !e1 cut x (f2 x is bett] = !e to ent] into life maim$1 ?an to g into ! ,geh5na ( inext+ui%able fire1 :]e ! worm dies n1 & :]e ! fire is n qu5*$4 ,& if ?y foot (f5d !e1 cut x (f2 x is bett] = !e to ent] lame into et]nal life1 ?an to be ca/ ) two feet into ! inext+ui%able ,geh5na1 :]e ! worm dies n2 & :]e ! fire is n qu5*$4 ,& if ?9e eye (f5d !e1 pluck x out2 x is bett] to ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god ) "o eye1 ?an to be ca/ ) bo? eyes into ! ,geh5na ( fire1 :]e ! worm dies n1 & ! fire is n qu5*$4 ,= ev]yone %all be burn$ ) fire1 & e victim %all be salt$ ) salt4 ,salt is good2 b if ! salt h lo/ its savor1 ) :at w y salt8 ,y h salt 9 y\rselves1 pres]ve peace "o ) ano!r4 ,he said on ano!r occasion1 on ,8 j\rney to ,j]usalem1 ,:5 ! ma/] ( ! h\se %all h ent]$ & %ut ! door1 y w rema9 )\t1 & knock1 say+1 ',"l1 op5 unto u2' & he w answ] & say unto y1 ',nescio vos1' ,i "k y n2 :5ce are y8 ,& !n ye %all beg9 to say1 we h eat5 & drunk ) !e1 & ?\ ha/ taught 9 our public places2 & he w reply1 ',nescio vos1' :5ce are y1 work]s ( iniquity8 ,& !re %all be weep+ & gna%+ ( tee?1 :5 ye %all see !re ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 & ! prophets1 & y\rselves ca/ out4 ,not)/&+ ! o!r positive decl>ations made by ! ,savi\r ( mank9d1 :i* ass]t ! et]nal damnation ( all :o d n belong to our *ur*1 ,orig5 & "s o!rs 7 n believ]s 9 ! et]nity ( puni%m5ts4 ,! ,soc9ians reject su* puni%m5ts2 b !y are )\t ! pale4 ,! ,lu!rans & ,calv9i/s1 al?\gh !y h /ray$ beyond ! pale1 yet admit ! doctr9e ( a hell )\t end4 ,:5 m5 came to live 9 society1 !y mu/ h p]ceiv$ t a great numb] ( crim9als elud$ ! sev]ity ( ! laws2 ! laws puni%$ public crimes2 x 0 necess>y to e/abli% a *eck ^u secret crimes2 ?is *eck 0 to be f\nd only 9 religion4 ,! ,p]sians1 ,*aldans1 ,egyptians1 & ,greeks1 ent]ta9$ ! idea ( puni%m5ts aft] ! pres5t life1 & ( all ! nations ( antiquity t we are acqua9t$ )1 ! ,jews1 z we h already rem>k$1 7 ! only "o :o admitt$ solely temporal puni%m5ts4 ,x is ridicul\s to believe1 or pret5d to believe1 f "s excessively obscure passages1 t hell 0 recogniz$ by ! anci5t laws ( ! ,jews1 by _! ,leviticus1 or by _! ,decalogue1 :5 ! au?or ( ^? laws says n a s+le ^w :i* c be> ! slighte/ relation to ! *a/isem5ts ( a future life4 ,we might h "s "r to address ! compil] ( ! ,p5tateu* 9 su* language z ! foll[+3 ,y are a man ( no consi/5cy1 z de/itute ( probity z und]/&+1 & totally unwor?y ( ! "n :i* y arrogate to y\rself ( legislator4 ,:at6 y are p]fectly acqua9t$1 x seems1 ) t doctr9e s em95tly repressive ( human vice1 s necess>y to ! virtue & happ9ess ( mank9d--! doctr9e ( hell2 & yet y d n explicitly ann\nce x2 &1 :ile x is admitt$ by all ! nations :i* surr\nd y1 y are cont5t to leave x = "s comm5tators1 aft] f\r ?\s& ye>s h pass$ away1 to suspect t ?is doctr9e might possibly h be5 ent]ta9$ by y1 & to twi/ & torture y\r expressions1 9 ord] to f9d t 9 !m :i* y h nev] said4 ,ei!r y are grossly ignorant n to "k t ?is belief 0 univ]sal 9 ,egypt1 ,*alda1 & ,p]sia2 or y h committ$ ! mo/ disgraceful error 9 judgm5t1 9 n hav+ made x ! f\ndation-/one ( y\r religion4 ,! au?ors ( ! ,jewi% laws c\ld at mo/ only answ]3 ,we confess t we are excessively ignorant2 t we did n le>n ! art ( writ+ until a late p]iod2 t our p 7 a wild & b>b>\s horde1 t w&]$1 z our own records admit1 = ne>ly half a c5tury 9 impracticable des]ts1 & at l5g? obta9$ possession ( a petty t]ritory by ! mo/ odi\s rap9e & dete/able cruelty ev] m5tion$ 9 ! records ( hi/ory4 ,we _h no comm]ce ) civiliz$ nations1 & h[ c\ld y suppose t1 s grossly mean & grovell+ z we are 9 all our ideas & usages1 we %\ld h inv5t$ a sy/em s ref9$ & spiritual z t 9 "q8 ,we employ$ ! ^w :i* mo/ ne>ly corresponds ) s\l1 m]ely to signify life2 we "k our ,god & ,8 m9i/]s1 ,8 angels1 only z corporeal be+s2 ! di/9ction ( s\l & body1 ! idea ( a life beyond dea?1 c be ! fruit only ( long m$itation & ref9$ philosophy4 ,ask ! ,hott5tots & negroes1 :o inhabit a c\ntry a hundr$ times l>g] ?an ours1 :e!r !y "k any?+ ( a life to come8 ,we ?\ght we _h done en\gh 9 p]suad+ ! p "u our influ5ce t ,god puni%$ (f5d]s to ! f\r? g5]ation1 ei!r by leprosy1 by sudd5 dea?1 or by ! loss ( ! little prop]ty ( :i* ! crim9al might be possess$4 ,to ?is apology x might be repli$3 ,y h inv5t$ a sy/em1 ! ridicule & absurdity ( :i* are z cle> z ! sun at noon-day2 = ! (f5d] :o enjoy$ good heal?1 & ^: family 7 9 prosp]\s circum/ances1 mu/ absolutely h laugh$ y to scorn4 ,! apologi/ = ! ,jewi% law w\ld "h rejo93 ,y are mu* mi/ak52 s9ce = "o crim9al :o reason$ correctly1 !re 7 a hundr$ :o nev] reason$ at all4 ,! man :o1 aft] he _h committ$ a crime1 f\nd no puni%m5t ( x atta*$ to himself or 8 son1 w\ld yet tremble = 8 gr&son4 ,besides1 if aft] ! "t ( committ+ 8 (f5ce he 0 n spe$ily seiz$ ) "s fe/]+ sore1 su* z our nation 0 extremely subject to1 he w\ld exp]i5ce x 9 ! c\rse ( ye>s4 ,calamities are always occurr+ 9 a family1 & we1 )\t difficulty1 in/ill$ ! belief t ^! calamities 7 inflict$ by ! h& ( ,god tak+ v5geance = secret (f5ces4 ,x w\ld be easy to reply to ?is answ] by say+3 ,y\r apology is wor? no?+2 = x happ5s e day t v wor?y & excell5t p]sons lose _! heal? & _! prop]ty2 &1 if !re 7 no family t did n exp]i5ce calamity1 & t calamity at ! same "t 0 a *a/isem5t f ,god1 all ! families ( y\r community mu/ h be5 made up ( sc\ndrels4 ,! ,jewi% prie/ might aga9 answ] & say t !re are "s calamities insep>able f human nature1 & o!rs expressly inflict$ by ! h& ( ,god4 ,b1 9 return1 we %\ld po9t out to su* a reason] ! absurdity ( consid]+ fev] & hail-/ones 9 "s cases z div9e puni%m5ts2 9 o!rs z m]e natural effects4 ,9 %ort1 ! ,ph>isees & ! ,ess5ians among ! ,jews did admit1 accord+ to c]ta9 notions ( _! own1 ! belief ( a hell4 ,?is dogma _h pass$ f ! ,greeks to ! ,romans1 & 0 adopt$ by ! ,*ri/ians4 ,_m ( ! fa!rs ( ! *ur* reject$ ! doctr9e ( et]nal puni%m5ts4 ,x appe>$ to !m absurd to burn to all et]nity an un=tunate man = /eal+ a goat4 ,virgil has f9ely said3 4444 ,s$it et]numque s$ebit ,infelix ,!seus4 ,unhappy ,!seus1 doom$ =ev] !re1 ,is fix$ by fate on 8 et]nal *air4 --,,dryd54 ,b x is va9 = him to ma9ta9 or imply t ,!seus is =ev] fix$ to 8 *air1 & t ?is position con/itutes 8 puni%m5t4 ,o!rs h imag9$ ,!seus to be a h]o :o c\ld nev] be se5 on any seat 9 hell1 & :o 0 to be f\nd 9 ! ,elysian ,fields4 ,a ,calv9i/ical div9e1 ( ! "n ( ,petit ,pi]re1 n long s9ce prea*$ & publi%$ ! doctr9e t ! damn$ w\ld at "s future p]iod be p>don$4 ,! re/ ( ! m9i/]s ( 8 association told him t !y wi%$ = no su* ?+4 ,! dispute grew w>m4 ,x 0 said t ! k+1 ^: subjects !y 71 wrote to him1 t s9ce !y 7 desir\s ( be+ damn$ )\t r$emption1 he c\ld h no reasonable objection1 & freely gave 8 cons5t4 ,! damn$ majority ( ! *ur* ( ,neuf*tel eject$ poor ,petit ,pi]re1 :o _h ?us conv]t$ hell into a m]e purgatory4 ,x is /at$ t "o ( !m said to him3 ,my good fri5d1 ,i no m believe 9 ! et]nity ( hell ?an y\rself2 b recollect t x may be no bad ?+1 p]haps1 = y\r s]vant1 y\r tailor1 & y\r lawy] to believe 9 x4 ,i w add1 z an illu/ration ( ?is passage1 a %ort address ( exhortation to ^? philosoph]s :o 9 _! writ+s d5y a hell2 ,i w say to !m3 ,g5tlem51 we d n pass our days ) ,cic]o1 ,atticus1 ,m>cus ,aurelius1 ,epictetus1 ! ,*ancellor de l',hpital1 ,la ,mo! le ,vay]1 ,desyveteaux1 ,r5 ,desc>tes1 ,newton1 or ,locke1 nor ) ! respectable ,bayle1 :o 0 sup]ior to ! p[] & fr[n ( =tune1 nor ) ! too scrupul\sly virtu\s infidel ,sp9oza1 :o1 al?\gh labor+ "u pov]ty & de/itution1 gave back to ! *ildr5 ( ! gr& p5sion>y ,de ,witt an all[ance ( ?ree hundr$ flor9s1 :i* _h be5 grant$ him by t great /atesman1 ^: he>t1 x may be rememb]$1 ! ,holl&]s actually dev\r$1 al?\gh !re 0 no?+ to be ga9$ by x4 ,e man ) :om we int]m+le 9 life is n a des ,b>reaux1 :o paid ! plead]s _! fees = a cause :i* he _h =gott5 to br+ into c\rt4 ,e woman is n a ,n9on de ,l',enclos1 :o gu>d$ deposits 9 tru/ ) religi\s fidelity1 :ile ! grave/ p]sonages 9 ! /ate 7 violat+ !m4 ,9 a ^w1 g5tlem51 all ! _w are n philosoph]s4 ,we are oblig$ to hold int]c\rse & transact bus9ess1 & mix up 9 life ) knaves possess+ little or no reflection--) va/ numb]s ( p]sons addict$ to brutality1 intoxication1 & rap9e4 ,y may1 if y please1 prea* to !m t !re is no hell1 & t ! s\l ( man is mortal4 ,z = myself1 ,i w be sure to ?und] 9 _! e>s t if !y rob me !y w inevitably be damn$4 ,i w imitate ! c\ntry cl]gyman1 :o1 hav+ _h a great numb] ( %eep /ol5 f him1 at l5g? said to 8 he>]s1 9 ! c\rse ( "o ( 8 s]mons3 ',i _c conceive :at ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 ?9k+ ab\t :5 he di$ = su* a set ( sc\ndrels z y are4' ,!re is an excell5t book = fools call$ ,! ,*ri/ian ,p$agogue1 compos$ by ! rev]5d fa!r d',outreman1 ( ! ,society ( ,jesus1 & enl>g$ by ,c\lon1 cur ( ,ville-,juif-les-,p>is4 ,?is book has pass$1 ?ank ,god1 ?r\gh fifty-"o editions1 al?\gh n a s+le page 9 x exhibits a gleam ( common s5se4 ,fri> ,outreman ass]ts--9 ! hundr$ & fifty-sev5? page ( ! second edition 9 qu>to--t "o ( ,que5 ,elizabe?'s m9i/]s1 ,b>on ,hunsdon1 pr$ict$ to ,cecil1 secret>y ( /ate1 & to six o!r memb]s ( ! cab9et c\ncil1 t !y z well z he w\ld be damn$2 :i*1 he says1 0 actually ! case1 & is ! case ) all h]etics4 ,x is mo/ likely t ,cecil & ! o!r memb]s ( ! c\ncil gave no cr$it to ! said ,b>on ,hunsdon2 b if ! fictiti\s b>on _h said ! same to six common citiz5s1 !y w\ld probably h believ$ him4 ,7 ! "t ev] to arrive 9 :i* no citiz5 ( ,london believ$ 9 a hell1 :at c\rse ( conduct w\ld be adopt$8 ,:at re/ra9t ^u wick$ness w\ld exi/8 ,!re w\ld exi/ ! feel+ ( honor1 ! re/ra9t ( ! laws1 t ( ! ,deity ,himself1 ^: w x is t mank9d %all be j1 :e!r !re be a hell or n4 ,,hell 7,,desc5t ,,into74 ,our colleague :o wrote ! article on ,hell has made no m5tion ( ! desc5t ( ,jesus ,*ri/ into hell4 ,?is is an article ( fai? ( high importance2 x is expressly p>ticul>iz$ 9 ! cre$ ( :i* we h already spok54 ,x is ask$ :5ce ?is article ( fai? is d]iv$2 = x is n to be f\nd 9 ei!r ( our f\r gospels1 & ! cre$ call$ ! ,apo/les' ,cre$ is n old] ?an ! age ( ^? le>n$ prie/s1 ,j]ome1 ,augu/9e1 & ,ruf9us4 ,x is ?\ght t ?is desc5t ( our ,"l into hell is tak5 orig9ally f ! gospel ( ,nicodemus1 "o ( ! olde/4 ,9 t gospel ! pr9ce ( ,t>t>us & ,satan1 aft] a long conv]sation ) ,adam1 ,eno*1 ,elias ! ,ti%bite1 & ,david1 he>s a voice l ! ?und]1 & a voice l a tempe/4 ,david says to ! pr9ce ( ,t>t>us1 ,n[1 ?\ f\l & miscreant pr9ce ( hell1 op5 ?y gates & let ! ,k+ ( ,glory ent]1 etc4 ,:ile he 0 ?us address+ ! pr9ce1 ! ,"l ( ,maje/y appe>$ sudd5ly 9 ! =m ( man1 & ,he light$ up ! et]nal d>kness1 & broke asund] ! indissoluble b>s1 & by an inv9cible virtue ,he visit$ ^? :o lay 9 ! dep? ( ! d>kness ( guilt1 9 ! %ad[ ( ! dep? ( s94 ,jesus ,*ri/ appe>$ ) ,/4 ,mi*ael2 ,he ov]came dea?2 ,he took ,adam by ! h&2 & ! good ?ief foll[$ ,him1 be>+ ! cross4 ,all ?is took place 9 hell1 9 ! pres5ce ( ,c>9us & ,l5?ius1 :o 7 resuscitat$ = ! express purpose ( giv+ evid5ce ( ! fact to ! prie/s ,ananias & ,caiaphas1 & to ,doctor ,gamaliel1 at t "t ,/4 ,paul's ma/]4 ,?is gospel ( ,nicodemus has long be5 consid]$ z ( no au?ority4 ,b a confirmation ( ?is desc5t into hell is f\nd 9 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,pet]1 at ! close ( ! ?ird *apt]3 ,because ,*ri/ di$ once = our s9s1 ! j = ! unju/1 t ,he might (f] u to ,god2 dead inde$ 9 ! fle%1 b resuscitat$ 9 _s1 by :i* ,he w5t to prea* to ! spirits t 7 9 prison4 ,_m ( ! fa!rs int]pret$ ?is passage v diff]5tly1 b all 7 agre$ z to ! fact ( ! desc5t ( ,jesus into hell aft] ,8 dea?4 ,a frivol\s difficulty 0 />t$ ^u ! subject4 ,he _h1 :ile ^u ! cross1 said to ! good ?ief3 ,?is day %alt ?\ be ) ,me 9 p>adise4 ,by go+ to hell1 !re=e1 ,he fail$ to p]=m ,8 promise4 ,?is objection is easily answ]$ by say+ t ,he took him fir/ to hell & aft]w>ds to p>adise2 b1 !n1 :at becomes ( ! /ay ( ?ree days8 ,eusebius ( ,cs>ea says t ,jesus left ,8 body1 )\t wait+ = ,dea? to come & seize x2 & t1 on ! contr>y1 ,he seiz$ ,dea?1 :o1 9 t]ror & agony1 embrac$ ,8 feet1 & aft]w>ds attempt$ to escape by flight1 b 0 prev5t$ by ,jesus1 :o broke d[n ! gates ( ! dungeons :i* enclos$ ! s\ls ( ! sa9ts1 drew !m =? f _! conf9em5t1 resuscitat$ !m1 !n resuscitat$ ,himself1 & conduct$ !m 9 triumph to t heav5ly ,j]usalem :i* desc5d$ f heav5 e night1 & 0 actually se5 by ! a/oni%$ eyes ( ,/4 ,ju/94 ,x 0 a "q mu* disput$ :e!r all ^? :o 7 resuscitat$ di$ aga9 be=e !y asc5d$ into heav54 ,/4 ,?omas1 9 8 ,summ>y1 ass]ts t !y di$ aga94 ,?is also is ! op9ion ( ! discrim9at+ & judici\s ,calmet4 ,we ma9ta91 says he1 9 8 diss]tation on ?is great "q1 t ! sa9ts :o 7 resuscitat$1 aft] ! dea? ( ! ,savi\r di$ aga91 9 ord] to revive h]eaft]4 ,god _h p]mitt$1 ages be=e1 t ! pr(ane ,g5tiles %\ld imitate 9 anticipation ^! sacr$ tru?s4 ,! anci5ts imag9$ t ! gods resuscitat$ ,pelops2 t ,orpheus extricat$ ,eurydice f hell1 at lea/ = a mom5t2 t ,h]cules deliv]$ ,alce/is f x2 t sculapius resuscitat$ ,hippolytus1 etc4 ,let u ev] discrim9ate betwe5 fable & tru?1 & keep our m9ds 9 ! same subjection ) respect to :atev] surprises & a/oni%es u1 z ) respect to :atev] appe>s p]fectly con=mable to _! circumscrib$ & n>r[ views4 ,,h]esy4 ,,section ,i4 ,a ,greek ^w1 signify+ belief1 or elect$ op9ion4 ,x is n greatly to ! honor ( human reason t m5 %\ld be hat$1 p]secut$1 massacr$1 or burn$ at ! /ake1 on acc\nt ( _! *os5 op9ions2 b :at is exce$+ly little to our honor is t ?is mis*iev\s & de/ructive madness has be5 z peculi> to u z leprosy 0 to ! ,hebrews1 or lues =m]ly to ! ,c>ibs4 ,we well "k1 !ologically speak+1 t h]esy hav+ become a crime1 z ev5 ! ^w itself is a reproa*2 we well "k1 ,i say1 t ! ,lat9 *ur*1 :i* alone c possess reason1 has also possess$ ! "r ( reprov+ all :o 7 ( a diff]5t op9ion f h] own4 ,on ! o!r side1 ! ,greek *ur* _h ! same "r2 accord+ly1 x reprov$ ! ,romans :5 !y *ose a diff]5t op9ion f ! ,greeks on ! procession ( ! ,holy ,_s1 ! vi&s :i* might be tak5 9 ,l5t1 ! au?ority ( ! pope1 etc4 ,b ^u :at gr\nd did any arrive f9ally at ! conclusion t1 :5 !y 7 ! /ronge/1 !y might burn ^? :o ent]ta9$ *os5 op9ions ( _! own8 ,^? :o _h su* op9ions 7 und\bt$ly crim9al 9 ! sight ( ,god1 s9ce !y 7 ob/9ate4 ,!y w1 !re=e1 z no "o c possibly d\bt1 be burn$ to all et]nity 9 ano!r _w2 b :y burn !m by a sl[ fire 9 ?is8 ,! suff]]s h repres5t$ t su* conduct is a usurpation ( ! jurisdiction ( ,god2 t ?is puni%m5t is v h>d & sev]e1 consid]$ z an infliction by m52 & t x is1 moreov]1 ( no utility1 s9ce "o h\r ( suff]+ add$ to et]nity is an absolute ciph]4 ,! pi\s inflict]s1 h[ev]1 repli$ to ^! reproa*es t no?+ 0 m j ?an to put ^u burn+ coals :oev] _h a self-=m$ op9ion2 t to burn ^? :om ,god ,himself w\ld burn1 0 9 fact a holy con=mity to ,god2 & f9ally1 t s9ce1 by admission1 ! burn+ = an h\r or two 0 a m]e ciph] 9 comp>ison ) et]nity1 ! burn+ ( five or six prov9ces = *os5 op9ions--= h]esies--0 a matt] 9 reality ( v little consequ5ce4 ,9 ! pres5t day x is ask$1 ,among :at cannibals h ^! que/ions be5 agitat$1 & _! solutions prov$ by facts8 ,we mu/ admit ) sorr[ & humiliation t x 0 ask$ ev5 among ourselves1 & 9 ! v same cities :]e no?+ is m9d$ b op]as1 com$ies1 balls1 fa%ions1 & intrigue4 ,un=tunately1 x 0 a tyrant :o introduc$ ! practice ( de/roy+ h]etics--n "o ( ^? equivocal tyrants :o are reg>d$ z sa9ts by "o p>ty1 & mon/]s by ano!r1 b "o ,maximus1 competitor ( ,!odosius ,i41 a decid$ tyrant1 9 ! /ricte/ mean+ ( ! t]m1 ov] ! :ole empire4 ,he de/roy$ at ,tri]1 by ! h&s ( ! execution]1 ! ,spani>d ,priscillian & 8 adh]5ts1 ^: op9ions 7 pron\nc$ errone\s by "s bi%ops ( ,spa94 ,^! prelates solicit$ ! capital puni%m5t ( ! ,priscilliani/s ) a *>ity s ard5t t ,maximus c\ld refuse !m no?+4 ,x 0 by no means ow+ to !m t ,/4 ,m>t9 0 n behead$ z a h]etic4 ,he 0 =tunate en\gh to quit ,tri] & escape back to ,t\rs4 ,a s+le example is suffici5t to e/abli% a usage4 ,! fir/ ,scy?ian :o scoop$ out ! bra9s ( 8 enemy & made a dr9k+-cup ( 8 skull1 0 all[$ all ! rank & consequ5ce 9 ,scy?ia4 ,?us 0 consecrat$ ! practice ( employ+ ! execution] to cut (f op9ions4 ,no su* ?+ z h]esy exi/$ among ! religions ( antiquity1 because !y _h ref]5ce only to moral conduct & public wor%ip4 ,:5 metaphysics became connect$ ) ,*ri/ianity1 controv]sy prevail$2 & f controv]sy arose diff]5t p>ties1 z 9 ! s*ools ( philosophy4 ,x 0 impossible t metaphysics %\ld n m+le ! unc]ta9ties ess5tial to _! nature ) ! fai? due to ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,he _h ,himself writt5 no?+2 & ,8 inc>nation 0 a problem :i* ! new ,*ri/ians1 :om ,he _h n ,himself inspir$1 solv$ 9 _m diff]5t ways4 ,ea*1 z ,/4 ,paul expressly obs]ves1 _h 8 peculi> p>ty2 "s 7 = ,apollos1 o!rs = ,cephas4 ,*ri/ians 9 g5]al1 = a long "t1 assum$ ! "n ( ,naz>5es1 & ev5 ! ,g5tiles gave !m no o!r appellations dur+ ! two fir/ c5turies4 ,b !re soon arose a p>ticul> s*ool ( ,naz>5es1 :o believ$ a gospel diff]5t f ! f\r canonical ones4 ,x has ev5 be5 pret5d$ t ?is gospel diff]$ only v slightly f t ( ,/4 ,mat!w1 & 0 9 fact ant]ior to x4 ,/4 ,epiphanius & ,/4 ,j]ome place ! ,naz>5es 9 ! cradle ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,^? :o consid]$ !mselves z kn[+ m ?an ! re/1 took ! d5om9ation ( gno/ics1 kn[]s2 & ?is d5om9ation 0 = a long "t s honorable t ,/4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 9 8 ,/romata always calls ! good ,*ri/ians true gno/ics4 ,happy are !y :o h ent]$ into ! gno/ic hol9ess6 ,he :o des]ves ! "n ( gno/ic resi/s s$uc]s & gives to e "o t asks4 ,! fif? & six? books ( ! ,/romata turn entirely ^u ! p]fection ( gno/icism4 ,! ,ebionites exi/$ inconte/ably 9 ! "t ( ! apo/les4 ,t "n1 :i* signifies poor1 0 int5d$ to express h[ de> to !m 0 ! pov]ty 9 :i* ,jesus 0 born4 ,c]9?us 0 equally anci5t4 ,! ,apocalypse ( ,/4 ,john 0 attribut$ to him4 ,x is ev5 ?\ght t ,/4 ,paul & he _h viol5t disputes ) ea* o!r4 ,x seems to our weak und]/&+s v natural to expect f ! fir/ disciples a solemn decl>ation1 a complete & unalt]able pr(ession ( fai?1 :i* might t]m9ate all pa/1 & preclude any future qu>rels2 b ,god p]mitt$ x n s to be4 ,! cre$ call$ ! ,apo/les' ,cre$1 :i* is %ort1 & 9 :i* are n to be f\nd ! consub/antiality1 ! ^w tr9ity1 or ! sev5 sacram5ts1 did n make its appe>ance be=e ! "t ( ,/4 ,j]ome1 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 & ! celebrat$ prie/ ,ruf9us4 ,x 0 by ?is prie/1 ! enemy ( ,/4 ,j]ome1 t we are told x 0 compil$4 ,h]esies _h _h "t to multiply1 & m ?an fifty 7 enum]at$ z exi/+ 9 ! fif? c5tury4 ,)\t d>+ to scrut9ize ! ways ( ,provid5ce1 :i* are imp5etrable by ! human m9d1 & m]ely consult+1 z f> z we are p]mitt$1 our feeble reason1 x w\ld seem t ( s _m op9ions on s _m articles1 !re w\ld always exi/ "o :i* mu/ prevail1 :i* 0 ! or?odox1 ! "r ( tea*+4 ,! o!r societies1 besides ! really or?odox1 soon assum$ t title also2 b be+ ! weak] p>ties1 !y _h giv5 to !m ! designation ( h]etics4 ,:51 9 ! progress ( "t1 ! ,*ri/ian *ur* 9 ! ,ea/1 :i* 0 ! "m ( t 9 ! ,we/1 _h irrep>ably brok5 ) h] daught]1 ea* rema9$ sov]eign 9 h] di/9ct sph]e1 & ea* _h h] p>ticul> h]esies1 aris+ out ( ! dom9ant op9ion4 ,! b>b>ians ( ! ,nor?1 hav+ b rec5tly become ,*ri/ians1 c\ld n ent]ta9 ! same op9ions z ,s\!rn c\ntries1 because !y c\ld n adopt ! same usages4 ,!y c\ld n1 = example1 = a long "t adore images1 z !y _h nei!r pa9t]s nor sculptors4 ,x also 0 some:at dang]\s to baptize an infant 9 w9t]1 9 ! ,danube1 ! ,wes]1 or ! ,elbe4 ,x 0 no easy matt] = ! inhabitants ( ! %ores ( ! ,baltic to "k precisely ! op9ions held 9 ! ,milanese & ! m>* ( ,ancona4 ,! p ( ! ,s\? & ( ! ,nor? ( ,europe _h !re=e *os5 op9ions diff]5t f ea* o!r4 ,?is seems to me to be ! reason :y ,claude1 bi%op ( ,tur91 pres]v$ 9 ! n9? c5tury all ! usages & dogmas receiv$ 9 ! sev5? & eigh?1 f ! c\ntry ( ! ,allobroges1 z f> z ! ,elbe & ! ,danube4 ,^! dogmas & usages became fix$ & p]man5t among ! inhabitants ( valleys & m\nta9\s recesses1 & ne> ! banks ( ! ,rhne1 among a seque/]$ & almo/ unkn[n p1 :om ! g5]al desolation left unt\*$ 9 _! seclusion & pov]ty1 until !y at l5g? became kn[n1 "u ! "n ( ! ,vaudois 9 ! twelf?1 & t ( ! ,albig5ses 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,x is kn[n h[ _! *os5 op9ions 7 treat$2 :at crusades 7 prea*$ aga9/ !m2 :at c>nage 0 made among !m2 & t1 f t p]iod to ! pres5t day1 ,europe has n enjoy$ a s+le ye> ( tranquillity & tol]ation4 ,x is a great evil to be a h]etic2 b is x a great good to ma9ta9 or?odoxy by soldi]s & execution]s8 ,w\ld x n be bett] t e man %\ld eat 8 bread 9 peace "u ! %ade ( 8 own fig-tree8 ,i sugge/ s bold a proposition ) fe> & trembl+4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,( ! ,extirpation ( ,h]esies4 ,x appe>s to me t1 9 relation to h]esies1 we ought to di/+ui% betwe5 op9ion & faction4 ,f ! e>lie/ times ( ,*ri/ianity op9ions 7 divid$1 z we h already se54 ,! ,*ri/ians ( ,alex&ria did n ?9k1 on _m po9ts1 l ^? ( ,antio*4 ,! ,a*aians 7 oppos$ to ! ,asiatics4 ,?is diff]5ce has exi/$ ?r\gh all pa/ p]iods ( our religion1 & probably w always cont9ue4 ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o might h unit$ all believ]s 9 ! same s5tim5t1 has n1 9 fact1 done s2 we mu/1 !re=e1 presume t ,he did n desire x1 & t x 0 ,8 design to ex]cise 9 all *ur*es ! _s ( indulg5ce & *>ity1 by p]mitt+ ! exi/5ce ( diff]5t sy/ems ( fai?1 :ile all %\ld be unit$ 9 ackn[l$g+ ,him = _! *ief & ma/]4 ,all ! v>y+ sects1 a long :ile tol]at$ by ! emp]ors1 or conceal$ f _! obs]vation1 _h no p[] to p]secute & proscribe "o ano!r1 z !y 7 all equally subject to ! ,roman magi/rates4 ,!y possess$ only ! p[] ( disput+ ) ea* o!r4 ,:5 ! magi/rates prosecut$ !m1 !y all claim$ ! rights ( nature4 ,!y said3 ,p]mit u to wor%ip ,god 9 peace2 d n deprive u ( ! lib]ty y all[ to ! ,jews4 ,all ! diff]5t sects exi/+ at pres5t may hold ! same language to ^? :o oppress !m4 ,!y may say to ! nations :o h grant$ privileges to ! ,jews3 ,treat u z y treat ^! sons ( ,jacob2 let u1 l !m1 wor%ip ,god accord+ to ! dictates ( consci5ce4 ,our op9ion is n m injuri\s to y\r /ate or realm ?an ,judaism4 ,y tol]ate ! enemies ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 tol]ate u1 !re=e1 :o adore ,jesus ,*ri/1 & diff] f y\rselves only ^u subtle po9ts ( !ology2 d n deprive y\rselves ( ! s]vices ( useful subjects4 ,x is ( consequ5ce to y to obta9 _! labor & skill 9 y\r manufactures1 y\r m>9e1 & y\r agriculture1 & x is ( no consequ5ce at all to y t !y hold a few articles ( fai? diff]5t f y\r own4 ,:at y want is _! "w1 & n _! cate*ism4 ,faction is a ?+ p]fectly diff]5t4 ,x always happ5s1 z a matt] ( necessity1 t a p]secut$ sect deg5]ates into a faction4 ,! oppress$ unite1 & console & enc\rage "o ano!r4 ,!y h m indu/ry to /r5g!n _! p>ty ?an ! dom9ant sect has = _! ext]m9ation4 ,to cru% !m or be cru%$ by !m is ! inevitable alt]native4 ,su* 0 ! case aft] ! p]secution rais$ 9 #cjc by ! ,cs>1 ,gal]ius1 dur+ ! la/ two ye>s ( ! reign ( ,diocletian4 ,! ,*ri/ians1 aft] hav+ be5 favor$ by ,diocletian = ! long p]iod ( eighte5 ye>s1 _h become too num]\s & weal?y to be extirpat$4 ,!y jo9$ ! p>ty ( ,con/antius ,*lorus2 !y f\ght = ,con/ant9e 8 son2 & a complete revolution took place 9 ! empire4 ,we may comp>e small ?+s to great1 :5 bo? are "u ! direction ( ! same pr9ciple or _s4 ,a simil> revolution happ5$ 9 ,holl&1 9 ,scotl&1 & 9 ,switz]l&4 ,:5 ,f]d9& & ,isabella expell$ f ,spa9 ! ,jews1--:o 7 settl$ !re n m]ely be=e ! reign+ dyna/y1 b be=e ! ,moors & ,go?s1 & ev5 ! ,c>?ag9ians--! ,jews w\ld h effect$ a revolution 9 t c\ntry if !y _h be5 z w>like z !y 7 opul5t1 & if !y c\ld h come to an und]/&+ ) ! ,arabs4 ,9 a ^w1 no sect has ev] *ang$ ! gov]nm5t ( a c\ntry b :5 x 0 furni%$ ) arms by despair4 ,mahomet himself w\ld n h succe$$ _h he n be5 expell$ f ,mecca & a price set ^u 8 head4 ,if y are desir\s1 !re=e1 to prev5t ! ov]fl[ ( a /ate by any sect1 %[ x tol]ation4 ,imitate ! wise conduct exhibit$ at ! pres5t day by ,g]many1 ,engl&1 ,holl&1 ,d5m>k1 & ,russia4 ,!re is no o!r policy to be adopt$ ) respect to a new sect ?an to de/roy1 )\t remorse1 bo? lead]s & foll[]s1 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 )\t a s+le exception1 or to tol]ate !m :5 !y are num]\s4 ,! fir/ me?od is t ( a mon/]1 ! second t ( a sage4 ,b9d to ! /ate all ! subjects ( t /ate by _! int]e/2 let ! ,quak] & ! ,turk f9d _! advantage 9 liv+ "u y\r laws4 ,religion is betwe5 ,god & man2 civil law is betwe5 y & y\r p4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,x is impossible n to regret ! loss ( a ,hi/ory ( ,h]esies1 :i* ,/rategius wrote by ord] ( ,con/ant9e4 ,ammianus ,m>cell9us in=ms u t ! emp]or1 wi%+ to asc]ta9 ! op9ions ( ! diff]5t sects1 & n f9d+ any o!r p]son :o c\ld give correct ideas on ! subject1 impos$ ! (fice ( draw+ up a report or n>rative ^u x on t (fic]1 :o acquitt$ himself s well1 t ,con/ant9e 0 desir\s ( 8 be+ honor$ 9 consequ5ce ) ! "n ( ,musonianus4 ,m4 de ,valois1 9 8 notes ^u ,ammianus1 obs]ves t ,/rategius1 :o 0 appo9t$ prefect ( ! ,ea/1 possess$ z mu* k & eloqu5ce1 z mod]ation & mildness2 su*1 at lea/1 is ! eulogium pass$ ^u him by ,libanius4 ,! *oice ( a layman by ! emp]or %[s t an ecclesia/ic at t "t _h n ! qualities indisp5sable = a task s delicate4 ,9 fact1 ,/4 ,augu/9e rem>ks t a bi%op ( ,bresse1 call$ ,phila/rius1 ^: "w is to be f\nd 9 ! collection ( ! fa!rs1 hav+ collect$ all ! h]esies1 ev5 includ+ ^? :i* exi/$ among ! ,jews be=e ! com+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 reckons tw5ty-eight ( ! latt] & "o hundr$ & tw5ty-eight f ! com+ ( ,*ri/2 :ile ,/4 ,epiphanius1 compris+ bo? toge!r1 makes ! :ole numb] b eighty4 ,! reason assign$ by ,/4 ,augu/9e = ?is diff]5ce is1 t :at appe>s h]esy to ! "o1 does n appe> s to ! o!r4 ,accord+ly ?is fa!r tells ! ,mani*ans3 ,we take ! greate/ c>e n to treat y ) rigor2 su* conduct we leave to ^? :o "k n :at pa9s are necess>y = ! discov]y ( tru?1 & h[ difficult x is to avoid fall+ into errors2 we leave x to ^? :o "k n ) :at sighs & groans ev5 a v slight k ( ! div9e nature is alone to be acquir$4 ,= my own "p1 ,i consid] x my duty to be> ) y z ,i 0 borne ) =m]ly myself1 & to %[ y ! same tol]ance :i* ,i exp]i5c$ :5 ,i 0 9 error4 ,if1 h[ev]1 any "o consid]s ! infam\s imputations1 :i* we h notic$ "u ! article on ,g5ealogy1 & ! abom9ations ( :i* ?is pr(ess$ly indulg5t & c&id fa!r accus$ ! ,mani*ans 9 ! celebration ( _! my/]ies--z we %all see "u ! article on ,zeal--we %all be conv9c$ t tol]ation 0 nev] ! virtue ( ! cl]gy4 ,we h already se51 "u ! article on ,c\ncil1 :at s$itions 7 excit$ by ! ecclesia/ics 9 relation to ,arianism4 ,eusebius in=ms u t 9 "s places ! /atues ( ,con/ant9e 7 ?r[n d[n because he wi%$ ! ,arians to be tol]at$2 & ,sozom5 says t on ! dea? ( ,eusebius ( ,nicom$ia1 :5 ,mac$onius1 an ,arian1 conte/$ ! see ( ,con/ant9ople ) ,paul1 a ,ca?olic1 ! di/urbance & confusion became s dreadful 9 ! *ur*1 f :i* ea* endeavor$ to expel ! o!r1 t ! soldi]s1 ?9k+ ! p 9 a /ate ( insurrection1 actually *>g$ ^u !m2 a fi]ce & sangu9>y conflict ensu$1 & m ?an ?ree ?\s& p]sons 7 sla9 or suffocat$4 ,mac$onius asc5d$ ! episcopal ?rone1 took spe$y possession ( all ! *ur*es1 & p]secut$ ) great cruelty ! ,novatians & ,ca?olics4 ,x 0 9 rev5ge aga9/ ! latt] ( ^! t he d5i$ ! div9ity ( ! ,holy ,_s1 j z he recogniz$ ! div9ity ( ! ,^w1 :i* 0 d5i$ by ! ,arians out ( m]e defiance to _! protector ,con/antius1 :o _h depos$ him4 ,! same hi/orian adds t on ! dea? ( ,a?anasius1 ! ,arians1 support$ by ,val5s1 appreh5d$1 b\nd 9 *a9s1 & put to dea? ^? :o rema9$ atta*$ to ,pet]1 :om ,a?anasius _h po9t$ out z 8 successor4 ,alex&ria resembl$ a city tak5 by assault4 ,! ,arians soon possess$ !mselves ( ! *ur*es1 & ! bi%op1 in/all$ by !m1 obta9$ ! p[] ( bani%+ f ,egypt all :o rema9$ atta*$ to ! ,nicean cre$4 ,we read 9 ,socrates t1 aft] ! dea? ( ,sis9nius1 ! *ur* ( ,con/ant9ople became aga9 divid$ on ! *oice ( a successor1 & ,!odosius ! ,y\ng] plac$ 9 ! patri>*al see ! viol5t & fi]y ,ne/orius4 ,9 8 fir/ s]mon he addresses ! foll[+ language to ! emp]or3 ,give me ! l& purg$ ( h]etics1 & ,i w give y ! k+dom ( ,heav52 second me 9 ! ext]m9ation ( h]etics1 & ,i engage to furni% y ) effectual assi/ance aga9/ ! ,p]sians4 ,he aft]w>ds expell$ ! ,arians f ! capital1 arm$ ! p aga9/ !m1 pull$ d[n _! *ur*es1 & obta9$ f ! emp]or rigor\s & p]secut+ edicts to effect _! extirpation4 ,he employ$ 8 p[]ful influ5ce subsequ5tly 9 procur+ ! arre/1 imprisonm5t1 & ev5 :ipp+ ( ! pr9cipal p]sons among ! p :o _h int]rupt$ him 9 ! middle ( a disc\rse1 9 :i* he 0 deliv]+ 8 di/+ui%+ sy/em ( doctr9e1 :i* 0 soon condemn$ at ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus4 ,photius relates t :5 ! prie/ rea*$ ! alt>1 x 0 cu/om>y 9 ! *ur* ( ,con/ant9ople = ! p to *ant3 ,holy ,god1 p[]ful ,god1 immortal ,god2 & ! "n giv5 to ?is "p ( ! s]vice 0 ! trisagion4 ,! prie/1 ,pet] _h add$3 ,:o ha/ be5 crucifi$ = u1 h m]cy ^u u4 ,! ,ca?olics consid]$ ?is addition z conta9+ ! error ( ! ,euty*ian ,!opa?i/s1 :o ma9ta9$ t ! div9ity _h suff]$2 !y1 h[ev]1 *ant$ ! trisagion ) ! addition1 to avoid irritat+ ! emp]or ,ana/asius1 :o _h j depos$ ano!r ,mac$onius1 & plac$ 9 8 /ead ,timo!us1 by ^: ord] ?is addition 0 ord]$ to be *ant$4 ,b on a p>ticul> day ! monks ent]$ ! *ur*1 &1 in/ead ( ! addition 9 "q1 *ant$ a v]se f "o ( ! ,psalms3 ! p in/antly exclaim$3 ,! or?odox h arriv$ v seasonably6 ,all ! p>tisans ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on *ant$1 9 union ) ! monks1 ! v]se f ! ,psalm2 ! ,euty*ians 7 (f5d$2 ! s]vice 0 int]rupt$2 a battle comm5c$ 9 ! *ur*2 ! p ru%$ out1 obta9$ arms z spe$ily z possible1 spread c>nage & conflagration ?r\gh ! city1 & 7 pacifi$ only by ! de/ruction ( t5 ?\s& lives4 ,! imp]ial p[] at l5g? e/abli%$ ?r\gh all ,egypt ! au?ority ( ?is ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on2 b ! massacre ( m ?an a hundr$ ?\s& ,egyptians1 on diff]5t occasions1 = hav+ refus$ to ackn[l$ge ! c\ncil1 _h plant$ 9 ! he>ts ( ! :ole population an implacable hatr$ aga9/ ! emp]ors4 ,a "p ( ^? :o 7 ho/ile to ! c\ncil )drew to ,upp] ,egypt1 o!rs quitt$ altoge!r ! dom9ions ( ! empire & pass$ ov] to ,africa & among ! ,arabs1 :]e all religions 7 tol]at$4 ,we h already obs]v$ t "u ! reign ( ! empress ,ir5e ! wor%ip ( images 0 re-e/abli%$ & confirm$ by ! second ,c\ncil ( ,nice4 ,leo ! ,arm5ian1 ,mi*ael ! ,/amm]]1 & ,!ophilus1 neglect$ no?+ to effect its abolition2 & ?is opposition caus$ fur!r di/urbance 9 ! empire ( ,con/ant9ople1 till ! reign ( ! empress ,!odora1 :o gave ! =ce ( law to ! second ,c\ncil ( ,nice1 ext+ui%$ ! p>ty ( ,iconocla/s1 or image-break]s1 & ex]t$ ! utmo/ ext5t ( h] au?ority aga9/ ! ,mani*ans4 ,%e despat*$ ord]s ?r\gh\t ! empire to seek = !m ev]y:]e1 & put all ^? to dea? :o w\ld n recant4 ,m ?an a hundr$ ?\s& p]i%$ by diff]5t modes ( execution4 ,f\r ?\s&1 :o escap$ f ?is sev]e scrut9y & ext5sive puni%m5t1 took refuge among ! ,s>ac5s1 unit$ _! own /r5g? ) !irs1 ravag$ ! t]ritories ( ! empire1 & erect$ =tresses 9 :i* ! ,mani*ans1 :o _h rema9$ conceal$ ?r\gh t]ror ( capital puni%m5t1 f\nd an asylum1 & con/itut$ a ho/ile =ce1 =midable f _! numb]s1 & f _! burn+ hatr$ bo? ( ! emp]ors & ,ca?olics4 ,!y frequ5tly inflict$ on ! t]ritories ( ! empire dread & deva/ation1 & cut to pieces its discipl9$ armies4 ,we abridge ! details ( ^! dreadful massacres2 ^? ( ,irel&1 ^? ( ! valleys ( ,pi$mont1 ^? :i* we %all speak ( 9 ! article on ,inquisition1 & la/ly1 ! massacre ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 display$ 9 ! ,we/ ! same _s ( intol]ance1 aga9/ :i* no?+ m p]t95t & s5sible has be5 writt5 ?an :at we f9d 9 ! works ( ,salvian4 ,! foll[+ is ! language employ$ respect+ ! foll[]s ( "o ( ! pr9cipal h]esies by ?is excell5t prie/ ( ,m>seilles1 :o 0 surnam$ ! ma/] ( bi%ops1 :o deplor$ ) bitt]ness ! viol5ce & vices ( 8 age1 & :o 0 call$ ! ,j]emiah ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,! ,arians1 says he1 are h]etics2 b !y d n "k x2 !y are h]etics among u1 b !y are n s among !mselves2 = !y consid] !mselves s p]fectly & completely ,ca?olic1 t !y treat u z h]etics4 ,we are conv9c$ t !y ent]ta9 an op9ion injuri\s to ! div9e g5]ation1 inasmu* z !y say t ! ,son is less ?an ! ,fa!r4 ,!y1 on ! o!r h&1 ?9k t we hold an op9ion injuri\s to ! ,fa!r1 because we reg>d ! ,fa!r & ! ,son equal4 ,! tru? is ) u1 b !y consid] x z favor+ !m4 ,we give to ,god ! honor :i* is due to ,him1 b !y1 accord+ to _! peculi> way ( ?9k+1 ma9ta9 t !y d ! same4 ,!y d n acquit !mselves ( _! duty2 b 9 ! v po9t :]e !y fail 9 do+ s1 !y make ! greate/ duty ( religion consi/4 ,!y are impi\s1 b ev5 9 be+ s !y consid] !mselves z foll[+1 & z practis+1 g5u9e piety4 ,!y are !n mi/ak51 b f a pr9ciple ( love to ,god2 &1 al?\gh !y h n ! true fai?1 !y reg>d t :i* !y h actually embrac$ z ! p]fect love ( ,god4 ,! sov]eign judge ( ! univ]se alone kn[s h[ !y w be puni%$ = _! errors 9 ! day ( judgm5t4 ,9 ! meantime he pati5tly be>s ) !m1 because he sees t if !y are 9 error1 !y err f pure motives ( piety4 ,,h]mes4 ,h]mes1 or ,ermes1 ,m]cury ,trismegi/us1 or ,?aut1 or ,taut1 or ,?ot4 ,we neglect read+ ! anci5t book ( ,m]cury ,trismegi/us1 & we are n wrong 9 s do+4 ,to philosoph]s x has appe>$ a sublime piece ( j>gon1 & x is p]haps = ?is reason t !y believ$ x ! "w ( a great ,platoni/4 ,nev]!less1 9 ?is !ological *aos1 h[ _m ?+s !re are to a/oni% & subdue ! human m9d6 ,god1 ^: triple ess5ce is wisdom1 p[] & b\nty2 ,god1 =m+ ! _w by ,8 ?\ght1 ,8 ^w2 ,god creat+ subalt]n gods2 ,god comm&+ ^! gods to direct ! cele/ial orbs1 & to preside ov] ! _w2 ! sun2 ! ,son ( ,god2 man ,8 image 9 ?\ght2 light1 ,8 pr9cipal "w a div9e ess5ce--all ^! gr& & lively images dazzle a subdu$ imag9ation4 ,x rema9s to be kn[n :e!r ?is "w1 z mu* celebrat$ z little read1 0 ! "w ( a ,greek or ( an ,egyptian4 ,/4 ,augu/9e hesitates n 9 believ+ t x is ! "w ( an ,egyptian1 :o pret5d$ to be desc5d$ f ! anci5t ,m]cury1 f ! anci5t ,?aut1 ! fir/ legislator ( ,egypt4 ,x is true t ,/4 ,augu/9e knew no m ( ! ,egyptian ?an ( ! ,greek2 b 9 8 "t x 0 necess>y t we %\ld n d\bt t ,h]mes1 f :om we receiv$ !ology1 0 an ,egyptian sage1 probably ant]ior to ! "t ( ,alex&]1 & "o ( ! prie/s :om ,plato consult$4 ,x has always appe>$ to me t ! !ology ( ,plato 9 no?+ resembl$ t ( o!r ,greeks1 ) ! exception ( ,timu1 :o _h travell$ 9 ,egypt1 z well z ,py?agoras4 ,! ,h]mes ,trismegi/us t we possess is writt5 9 b>b>\s ,greek1 & 9 a =eign idiom4 ,?is is a pro( t x is a translation 9 :i* ! words h be5 foll[$ m ?an ! s5se4 ,joseph ,scalig]1 :o assi/$ ! "l ( ,c&ale1 bi%op ( ,aire1 to translate ! ,h]mes1 or ,m]cury ,trismegi/us1 d\bts n t ! orig9al 0 ,egyptian4 ,add to ^! reasons t x is n v probable t a ,greek w\ld h address$ himself s (t5 to ,?aut4 ,x is n natural = u to address ourselves to /rang]s ) s mu* w>m-he>t$ness2 at lea/1 we see no example ( x 9 antiquity4 ,! ,egyptian sculapius1 :o is made to speak 9 ?is book1 & :o is p]haps ! au?or ( x1 wrote to ,ammon1 k+ ( ,egypt3 ,take great c>e h[ y suff] ! ,greeks to translate ! books ( our ,m]cury1 our ,?aut1 because !y w\ld disfigure !m4 ,c]ta9ly a ,greek w\ld n h spok5 ?us2 !re is !re=e e appe>ance ( ?is book be+ ,egyptian4 ,!re is ano!r reflection to be made1 :i* is1 t ! sy/ems ( ,h]mes & ,plato 7 equally =m$ to ext5d !mselves ?r\gh all ! ,jewi% s*ools1 f ! "t ( ! ,ptolemies4 ,?is doctr9e made great progress 9 !m2 y see x completely display$ by ! ,jew ,philo1 a le>n$ man aft] ! mann] ( ^? times4 ,he copies entire passages f ,m]cury ,trismegi/us 9 8 *apt] on ! =mation ( ! _w4 ,fir/ly1 says he1 ,god made ! _w intelligible1 ! ,heav5s incorporeal1 & ! e>? invisible2 he aft]w>ds creat$ ! incorporeal ess5ce ( wat] & _s2 & f9ally ! ess5ce ( incorporeal light1 ! orig9 ( ! sun & ( ! />s4 ,su* is ! pure doctr9e ( ,h]mes4 ,he adds t ! ^w1 or invisible & intellectual ?\ght1 is ! image ( ,god4 ,"h is ! creation ( ! _w by ! ^w1 by ?\ght1 by ! logos1 v /rongly express$4 ,aft]w>ds foll[s ! doctr9e ( ,numb]s1 :i* desc5d$ f ! ,egyptians to ! ,jews4 ,he calls reason ! relation ( ,god4 ,! numb] ( sev5 is ! accompli%m5t ( all ?+s1 :i* is ! reason1 says he1 t ! lyre has only sev5 /r+s4 ,9 a ^w ,philo possess$ all ! philosophy ( 8 "t4 ,we are !re=e deceiv$1 :5 we believe t ! ,jews1 "u ! reign ( ,h]od1 7 plung$ 9 ! same /ate ( ignorance 9 :i* !y 7 previ\sly imm]s$4 ,x is evid5t t ,/4 ,paul 0 well in=m$4 ,x is only necess>y to read ! fir/ *apt] ( ,/4 ,john1 :i* is s diff]5t f ^? ( ! o!rs1 to p]ceive t ! au?or wrote precisely l ,h]mes & ,plato4 ,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ! ^w1 & ! ^w 0 ) ,god1 & ! ^w 0 ,god4 ,! same 0 9 ! beg9n+ ) ,god4 ,all ?+s 7 made by ,him1 & )\t ,him 0 n any?+ made4 ,9 ,him 0 life2 & ! life 0 ! light ( man4 ,x is ?us t ,/4 ,paul says3 ,god made ! worlds by ,8 ,son4 ,9 ! "t ( ! apo/les 7 se5 :ole societies ( ,*ri/ians :o 7 only too le>n$1 & !nce sub/itut$ a fanta/ic philosophy = simplicity ( fai?4 ,! ,simons1 ,m5&]s1 & ,c]9?uses1 taught precisely ! doctr9es ( ,h]mes4 ,_! ons 7 only ! subalt]n gods1 creat$ by ! great ,be+4 ,all ! fir/ ,*ri/ians1 !re=e1 7 n ignorant m51 z x always has be5 ass]t$2 s9ce !re 7 sev]al ( !m :o abus$ _! lit]ature2 ev5 9 ! ,acts ! gov]nor ,fe/us says to ,/4 ,paul3 ,paul1 ?\ art beside ?yself2 mu* le>n+ do? make !e mad4 ,c]9?us dogmatiz$ 9 ! "t ( ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/4 ,8 errors 7 ( a pr(\nd1 ref9$1 & metaphysical ca/4 ,! faults :i* he rem>k$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! _w made him ?9k--at lea/ s says ,dr4 ,dup9--t x 0 n ! sov]eign ,god :o creat$ x1 b a virtue inf]ior to ?is fir/ pr9ciple1 :i* _h n ! k ( ! sov]eign ,god4 ,?is 0 wi%+ to correct ev5 ! sy/em ( ,plato1 & deceiv+ himself1 bo? z a ,*ri/ian & a philosoph]2 b at ! same "t x display$ a ref9$ & well-ex]cis$ m9d4 ,x is ! same ) ! primitives call$ ,quak]s1 ( :om we h s mu* spok54 ,!y h be5 tak5 = m5 :o _c see beyond _! noses1 & :o make no use ( _! reason4 ,h[ev]1 !re h be5 among !m sev]al :o employ$ all ! subtleties ( logic4 ,en?usiasm is n always ! companion ( total ignorance1 x is (t5 t ( errone\s in=mation4 ,,hi/oriograph]4 ,?is is a title v diff]5t f t ( hi/orian4 ,9 ,france we commonly see m5 ( lett]s p5sion$1 &1 z x 0 said =m]ly1 appo9t$ to write hi/ory4 ,ala9 ,*>ti] 0 ! hi/oriograph] ( ,*>les ,,vii42 he says t he int]rogat$ ! dome/ics ( ?is pr9ce1 & put !m on _! oa?s1 accord+ to ! duty ( 8 *>ge1 to asc]ta9 :e!r ,*>les really _h ,agnes ,sorel = 8 mi/ress4 ,he concludes t no?+ improp] ev] pass$ betwe5 ^! lov]s2 & t all 0 r$uc$ to a few hone/ c>esses1 to :i* ^! dome/ics _h be5 ! innoc5t witnesses4 ,h[ev]1 x is prov$1 n by hi/oriograph]s1 b by hi/orians support$ by family titles1 t ,*>les ,,vii4 _h ?ree daught]s by ,agnes ,sorel1 ! elde/ ( :om1 m>ri$ to "o ,breze1 0 /abb$ by h] husb&4 ,f ?is "t !re 7 (t5 titl$ hi/oriograph]s 9 ,france1 & x 0 ! cu/om to give !m commissions ( c\ncillors ( /ate1 ) ! provisions ( _! *>ge4 ,!y 7 comm5sal (fic]s ( ! k+'s h\se4 ,mat?ieu _h ^! privileges "u ,h5ry ,,iv41 b did n !re=e write a bett] hi/ory4 ,at ,v5ice x is always a noble ( ! s5ate :o possesses ?is title & function1 & ! celebrat$ ,nani has fill$ !m ) g5]al approbation4 ,x is v difficult = ! hi/oriograph] ( a pr9ce n to be a li>2 t ( a republic flatt]s less2 b he does n tell all ! tru?4 ,9 ,*9a hi/oriograph]s are *>g$ ) collect+ all ! ev5ts & orig9al titles "u a dyna/y4 ,!y ?r[ ! leaves numb]$ into a va/ hall1 ?r\gh an orifice resembl+ ! lion's m\? at ,v5ice1 into :i* is ca/ all secret intellig5ce4 ,:5 ! dyna/y is ext9ct ! hall is op5$ & ! mat]ials dige/$1 ( :i* an au!ntic hi/ory is compos$4 ,! g5]al j\rnal ( ! empire also s]ves to =m ! body ( hi/ory2 ?is j\rnal is sup]ior to our newspap]s1 be+ made "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! m&>9s ( ea* prov9ce1 revis$ by a supreme tribunal1 & e piece be>+ an au!nticity :i* is decisive 9 cont5ti\s matt]s4 ,e sov]eign *ose 8 own hi/oriograph]4 ,vittorio ,siri 0 "o2 ,pelisson 0 fir/ *os5 by ,l\is ,,xiv4 to write ! ev5ts ( 8 reign1 & acquitt$ himself ( 8 task ) eloqu5ce 9 ! hi/ory ( ,fran*e-,comt4 ,rac9e1 ! mo/ elegant ( poets1 & ,boileau1 ! mo/ correct1 7 aft]w>ds sub/itut$ = ,pelisson4 ,"s curi\s p]sons h collect$ ,memoirs ( ! ,passage ( ! ,rh9e1 writt5 by ,rac9e4 ,we _c judge by ^! memoirs :e!r ,l\is ,,xiv4 pass$ ! ,rh9e or n ) 8 troops1 :o swam across ! riv]4 ,?is example suffici5tly demon/rates h[ r>ely x happ5s t an hi/oriograph] d>e tell ! tru?4 ,sev]al also1 :o h possess$ ?is title1 h tak5 good c>e ( writ+ hi/ory2 !y h foll[$ ! example ( ,amyot1 :o said t he 0 too mu* atta*$ to 8 ma/]s to write _! lives4 ,fa!r ,daniel _h ! pat5t ( hi/oriograph]1 aft] hav+ giv5 8 ,hi/ory ( ,france2 he _h a p5sion ( #fjj livres1 reg>d$ m]ely z a suitable /ip5d = a monk4 ,x is v difficult to assign true b\nds to ! arts1 sci5ces1 & lit]>y labor4 ,p]haps x is ! prop] duty ( an hi/oriograph] to collect mat]ials1 & t ( an hi/orian to put !m 9 ord]4 ,! fir/ c amass ev]y?+1 ! second arrange & select4 ,! hi/oriograph] is m ( ! simple annali/1 :ile ! hi/orian seems to h a m op5 field = reflection & eloqu5ce4 ,we ne$ sc>cely say "h t bo? %\ld equally tell ! tru?1 b we c exam9e ?is great law ( ,cic]o3 ,ne quid v]i tac]e non audeat4--,t we ought n to d>e to conceal any tru?4 ,?is rule is ( ! numb] ( ^? t want illu/ration4 ,suppose a pr9ce confides to 8 hi/oriograph] an important secret to :i* 8 honor is atta*$1 or t ! good ( ! /ate requires %\ld n be reveal$--%\ld ! hi/oriograph] or hi/orian break 8 ^w ) ! pr9ce1 or betray 8 c\ntry to obey ,cic]o8 ,! curiosity ( ! public seems to exact x2 honor & duty =bid x4 ,p]haps 9 ?is case he %\ld r5\nce writ+ hi/ory4 ,if a tru? di%onors a family1 ought ! hi/oriograph] or hi/orian to in=m ! public ( x8 ,no2 d\btless he is n b\nd to reveal ! %ame ( individuals2 hi/ory is no satire4 ,b if ?is sc&al\s tru? belongs to public ev5ts1 if x ent]s into ! int]e/s ( ! /ate--if x has produc$ evils ( :i* x imports to "k ! cause1 x is !n t ! maxims ( ,cic]o %\ld be obs]v$2 = ?is law is l all o!rs :i* mu/ be execut$1 temp]$1 or neglect$1 accord+ to circum/ances4 ,let u bew>e ( ?is humane respect :5 treat+ ( ackn[l$g$ public faults1 prev>ications1 & inju/ices1 into :i* ! mis=tunes ( ! times h betray$ respectable bodies4 ,!y _c be too mu* expos$2 !y are beacons :i* w>n ^! always-exi/+ bodies aga9/ splitt+ aga9 on simil> rocks4 ,if an ,engli% p>liam5t has condemn$ a man ( =tune to ! torture--if an assembly ( !ologians _h dem&$ ! blood ( an un=tunate :o diff]$ 9 op9ion f !mselves1 x %\ld be ! duty ( an hi/orian to inspire all ages ) horror = ^! juridical assass9s4 ,we %\ld always make ! ,a!nians blu% = ! dea? ( ,socrates4 ,happily1 ev5 an entire p always f9d x good to h ! crimes ( _! ance/ors plac$ be=e !m2 !y l to condemn !m1 & to believe !mselves sup]ior4 ,! hi/oriograph] or hi/orian enc\rages !m 9 ^! s5tim5ts1 &1 9 retrac+ ! w>s ( gov]nm5t & religion1 prev5ts _! repetition4 ,,hi/ory4 ,,section ,i4 ,def9ition ( ,hi/ory4 ,hi/ory is ! recital ( facts repres5t$ z true4 ,fable1 on ! contr>y1 is ! recital ( facts repres5t$ z fiction4 ,!re is ! hi/ory ( human op9ions1 :i* is sc>cely any?+ m ?an ! hi/ory ( human errors4 ,! hi/ory ( ! arts may be made ! mo/ useful ( all1 :5 to a k ( _! inv5tion & progress x adds a description ( _! me*anical means & processes4 ,natural hi/ory1 improp]ly designat$ hi/ory1 is an ess5tial "p ( natural philosophy4 ,! hi/ory ( ev5ts has be5 divid$ into sacr$ & pr(ane4 ,sacr$ hi/ory is a s]ies ( div9e & miracul\s op]ations1 by :i* x has pleas$ ,god =m]ly to direct & gov]n ! ,jewi% nation1 &1 9 ! pres5t day1 to try our fai?4 ,to le>n ,hebrew1 ! sci5ces1 & hi/ory1 says ,la ,fonta9e1 is to dr9k up ! sea4 ,si j'appr5ois l',hbreu1 les sci5ces1 l'hi/oire1 ,t\t cela1 c'e/ la m] boire4 --,,la ,,fonta9e1 book viii1 fable #be4 ,! ,f\ndations ( ,hi/ory4 ,! f\ndations ( all hi/ory are ! recitals ( ev5ts1 made by fa!rs to _! *ildr51 & aft]w>ds transmitt$ f "o g5]ation to ano!r4 ,!y are1 at mo/1 only probable 9 _! orig9 :5 !y d n %ock common s5se1 & !y lose a degree ( probability at e successive transmission4 ,) "t ! fabul\s increases & ! true disappe>s2 h5ce x arises t ! orig9al traditions & records ( all nations are absurd4 ,?us ! ,egyptians _h be5 gov]n$ = _m ages by ! gods4 ,!y _h next be5 "u ! gov]nm5t ( demi-gods2 &1 f9ally1 !y _h k+s = elev5 ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & =ty ye>s1 & dur+ t p]iod ! sun _h *ang$ f\r times f ea/ & we/4 ,! ,phnicians1 9 ! "t ( ,alex&]1 pret5d$ t !y _h be5 settl$ 9 _! own c\ntry = ?irty ?\s& ye>s2 & ^? ?irty ?\s& ye>s 7 z full ( prodigies z ! ,egyptian *ronology4 ,i admit x to be p]fectly consi/5t ) physical possibility t ,phnicia may h exi/$1 n m]ely = ?irty ?\s& ye>s1 b ?irty ?\s& millions ( ages1 & t x may h endur$1 z well z ! o!r portions ( ! globe1 ?irty millions ( revolutions4 ,b ( all ?is we possess no k4 ,! ridicul\s miracles :i* ab\nd 9 ! anci5t hi/ory ( ,greece are univ]sally kn[n4 ,! ,romans1 al?\gh a s]i\s & grave p1 h1 nev]!less1 equally involv$ 9 fables ! e>ly p]iods ( _! hi/ory4 ,t nation1 s rec5t 9 comp>ison ) ^? ( ,asia1 0 five hundr$ ye>s )\t hi/orians4 ,x is impossible1 !re=e1 to be surpris$ on f9d+ t ,romulus 0 ! son ( ,m>s2 t a %e-wolf 0 8 nurse2 t he m>*$ ) a ?\s& m5 f 8 own village1 ,rome1 aga9/ tw5ty ?\s& w>riors belong+ to ! city ( ! ,sab9es2 t he aft]w>ds became a god2 t ! eld] ,t>qu9 cut ?r\gh a /one ) a razor1 & t a ve/al drew a %ip to l& ) h] girdle1 etc4 ,! fir/ annals ( mod]n nations are no less fabul\s2 ?+s prodigi\s & improbable ought sometimes1 und\bt$ly1 to be relat$1 b only z pro(s ( human cr$ulity4 ,!y con/itute "p ( ! hi/ory ( human op9ion & absurdities2 b ! field is too imm5se4 ,( ,monum5ts or ,memorials4 ,! only prop] me?od ( endeavor+ to acquire "s k ( anci5t hi/ory is to asc]ta9 :e!r !re rema9 any inconte/able public monum5ts4 ,we possess only ?ree su*1 9 ! way ( writ+ or inscription4 ,! fir/ is ! collection ( a/ronomical obs]vations made dur+ n9ete5 hundr$ successive ye>s at ,babylon1 & transf]r$ by ,alex&] to ,greece4 ,?is s]ies ( obs]vations1 :i* goes back two ?\s& two hundr$ & ?irty-f\r ye>s beyond our vulg> era1 decid$ly proves t ! ,babylonians exi/$ z an associat$ & incorporat$ p _m ages be=e2 = ! arts are /ruck out & elaborat$ only 9 ! sl[ c\rse ( "t1 & ! indol5ce natural to mank9d p]mits ?\s&s ( ye>s to roll away )\t _! acquir+ any o!r k or tal5ts ?an :at are requir$ = food1 clo?+1 %elt]1 & mutual de/ruction4 ,let ! tru? ( ^! rem>ks be judg$ ( f ! /ate ( ! ,g]mans & ! ,engli% 9 ! "t ( ,cs>1 f t ( ! ,t>t>s at ! pres5t day1 f t ( two-?irds ( ,africa1 & f t ( all ! v>i\s nations f\nd 9 ! va/ cont95t ( ,am]ica1 except+1 9 "s respects1 ! k+doms ( ,p]u & ,mexico1 & ! republic ( ,tlascala4 ,let x be recollect$ t 9 ! :ole ( ! new _w n a s+le individual c\ld write or read4 ,! second monum5t is ! c5tral eclipse ( ! sun1 calculat$ 9 ,*9a two ?\s& "o hundr$ & fifty-five ye>s be=e our vulg> era1 & admitt$ by all our a/ronom]s to h actually occurr$4 ,we mu/ apply ! same rem>k to ! ,*9ese z to1 ! p ( ,babylon4 ,!y _h und\bt$ly1 long be=e ?is p]iod1 con/itut$ a va/ empire & social polity4 ,b :at places ! ,*9ese above all ! o!r nations ( ! _w is t nei!r _! laws1 nor mann]s1 nor ! language exclusively spok5 by _! m5 ( le>n+1 h exp]i5c$ any *ange 9 ! c\rse ( ab\t f\r ?\s& ye>s4 ,yet ?is nation & t ( ,india1 ! mo/ anci5t ( all t are n[ subsi/+1 ^? :i* possess ! l>ge/ & mo/ f]tile tracts ( t]ritory1 ^? :i* _h inv5t$ ne>ly all ! arts almo/ be=e we 7 9 possession ev5 ( any ( !m1 h be5 always omitt$1 d[n to our "t1 9 our pret5d$ univ]sal hi/ories4 ,& :5ev] a ,spani>d or a ,fr5*man enum]at$ ! v>i\s nations ( ! globe1 nei!r ( !m fail$ to repres5t 8 own c\ntry z ! fir/ mon>*y on e>?1 & 8 k+ z ! greate/ sov]eign1 "u ! flatt]+ hope1 no d\bt1 t t greate/ ( sov]eigns1 aft] hav+ read 8 book1 w\ld conf] ^u him a p5sion4 ,! ?ird monum5t1 b v inf]ior to ! two o!rs1 is ! ,arundel ,m>bles4 ,! *ronicle ( ,a!ns 0 inscrib$ on ^! m>bles two hundr$ & sixty-?ree ye>s be=e our era1 b x goes no fur!r back ?an ! "t ( ,cecrops1 ?irte5 hundr$ & n9ete5 ye>s beyond ! "t ( its inscription4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( all antiquity ^! are ! only inconte/able epo*s t we possess4 ,let u att5d a little p>ticul>ly to ^! m>bles1 :i* 7 br\ght f ,greece by ,"l ,arundel4 ,! *ronicle conta9$ 9 !m comm5ces fifte5 hundr$ & sev5ty-sev5 ye>s be=e our era4 ,?is1 at ! pres5t "t1 makes an antiquity ( #c1cdh ye>s1 & 9 ! c\rse ( t p]iod y d n f9d a s+le miracul\s or prodigi\s ev5t on record4 ,x is ! same ) ! ,olympiads4 ,x mu/ n be 9 ref]5ce to ^! t ! expression c be appli$ ( ,grcia m5dax 7ly+ ,greece74 ,! ,greeks well knew h[ to di/+ui% hi/ory f fable1 & real facts f ! tales ( ,h]odotus2 j z 9 relation to important public affairs1 _! orators borr[$ no?+ f ! disc\rses ( ! sophi/s or ! imag]y ( ! poets4 ,! date ( ! tak+ ( ,troy is specifi$ 9 ^! m>bles1 b !re is no m5tion made ( ,apollo's arr[s1 or ! sacrifice ( ,iphig5ia1 or ! ridicul\s battles ( ! gods4 ,! date ( ! inv5tions ( ,triptolemus & ,c]es is giv52 b ,c]es is n call$ goddess4 ,notice is tak5 ( a poem ^u ! rape ( ,pros]p9e2 b x is n said t %e is ! daught] ( ,jupit] & a goddess1 & ! wife ( ! god ( hell4 ,h]cules is initiat$ 9 ! ,eleus9ian my/]ies1 b n a s+le ^w is m5tion$ ( ! twelve labors1 nor ( 8 passage to ,africa 9 8 cup1 nor ( 8 div9ity1 nor ( ! great fi% by :i* he 0 swall[$1 & :i*1 accord+ to ,lycophron1 kept him 9 its belly ?ree days & ?ree nights4 ,among u1 on ! contr>y1 a /&>d is br\ght by an angel f heav5 to ! monks ( ,/4 ,d5is2 a pigeon br+s a bottle ( oil to ! *ur* ( ,rheims2 two armies ( s]p5ts engage 9 pit*$ battle 9 ,g]many2 an ar*bi%op ( ,m5tz is besieg$ & dev\r$ by rats2 & to complete & cr[n ! :ole1 ! ye> 9 :i* ^! adv5tures occurr$1 is giv5 ) ! mo/ p>ticul> precision4 ,! abb ,langlet1 also condesc5d+ to compile1 compiles ^! contemptible fool]ies1 :ile ! almanacs1 = ! hundr$? "t1 repeat !m4 ,9 ?is mann] are our y\? in/ruct$ & enlight5$2 & all ^! trump]y fables are put 9 requisition ev5 = ! education ( pr9ces6 ,all hi/ory is comp>atively rec5t4 ,x is by no means a/oni%+ to f9d t we h1 9 fact1 no pr(ane hi/ory t goes back beyond ab\t f\r ?\s& ye>s4 ,! cause ( ?is is to be f\nd 9 ! revolutions ( ! globe1 & ! long & univ]sal ignorance ( ! art :i* transmits ev5ts by writ+4 ,!re are /ill _m nations totally unacqua9t$ ) ! practice ( ?is art4 ,x exi/$ only 9 a small numb] ( civiliz$ /ates1 & ev5 9 !m 0 conf9$ to comp>atively few h&s4 ,no?+ 0 m r>e among ! ,fr5* & ,g]mans ?an kn[+ h[ to write2 d[n to ! f\rte5? c5tury ( our era1 sc>cely any public acts 7 atte/$ by witnesses4 ,x 0 n till ! reign ( ,*>les ,,vii4 9 ,france1 9 #aded1 t an attempt 0 made to r$uce to writ+ "s ( ! cu/oms ( ,france4 ,! art 0 /ill m uncommon among ! ,spani>ds1 & h5ce x arises t _! hi/ory is s dry & d\btful till ! "t ( ,f]d9& & ,isabella4 ,we p]ceive1 f :at has be5 said1 ) :at facility ! v small numb] ( p]sons :o possess$ ! art ( writ+ might impose by means ( x1 & h[ easy x has be5 to produce a belief 9 ! mo/ enorm\s absurdities4 ,!re h be5 nations :o h subjugat$ a consid]able "p ( ! _w1 & :o yet h n be5 acqua9t$ ) ! use ( *>act]s4 ,we "k t ,g5ghis ,khan conqu]$ a "p ( ,asia 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury2 b x is n f him1 nor f ! ,t>t>s1 t we h d]iv$ t k4 ,_! hi/ory1 writt5 by ! ,*9ese1 & translat$ by ,fa!r ,gaubil1 /ates t ^! ,t>t>s 7 at t "t unacqua9t$ ) ! art ( writ+4 ,?is art 01 unque/ionably1 n likely to be less unkn[n to ! ,scy?ian ,ogus-kan1 call$ by ! ,p]sians & ,greeks ,madies1 :o conqu]$ a "p ( ,europe & ,asia long be=e ! reign ( ,cyrus4 ,x is almo/ a c]ta9ty t at t "t1 out ( a hundr$ nations1 !re 7 only two or ?ree t employ$ *>act]s4 ,x is und\bt$ly possible1 t 9 an anci5t _w de/roy$1 mank9d 7 acqua9t$ ) ! art ( writ+ & ! o!r arts1 b 9 our _w !y are all ( rec5t date4 ,!re rema9 monum5ts ( ano!r k9d1 :i* s]ve to prove m]ely ! remote antiquity ( c]ta9 nations1 an antiquity prec$+ all kn[n epo*s1 & all books2 ^! are ! prodigies ( ar*itecture1 su* z ! pyramids & palaces ( ,egypt1 :i* h resi/$ & we>i$ ! p[] ( "t4 ,h]odotus1 :o liv$ two ?\s& two hundr$ ye>s ago1 & :o _h se5 !m1 0 unable to le>n f ! ,egyptian prie/s at :at p]iods ^! /ructures 7 rais$4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,monum5t ,,( ,,antiquity--,,! ,,acropolis1 ,,a!ns ,x is difficult to ascribe to ! olde/ ( ! pyramids an antiquity ( less ?an f\r ?\s& ye>s1 &1 x is necess>y to consid]1 t ^? o/5tati\s piles1 erect$ by mon>*s1 c\ld n h be5 comm5c$ till long aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( cities4 ,b1 9 ord] to build cities 9 a c\ntry e ye> inundat$1 x mu/ always be recollect$ t x w\ld h be5 previ\sly necess>y 9 ?is l& ( slime & mud1 to lay ! f\ndation ^u piles1 t !y might ?us be inaccessible to ! inundation2 x w\ld h be5 necess>y1 ev5 be=e tak+ ?is indisp5sable measure ( precaution1 & be=e ! inhabitants c\ld be 9 a /ate to engage 9 su* important & ev5 dang]\s labors1 t ! p %\ld h contriv$ retreats1 dur+ ! swell+ ( ! ,nile1 betwe5 ! two *a9s ( rocks :i* exi/ on ! "r & left banks ( ! riv]4 ,x w\ld h be5 necess>y t ^! collect$ multitudes %\ld h in/rum5ts ( tillage1 & ( ar*itecture1 a k ( ar*itecture & survey+1 regul> laws1 & an active police4 ,all ^! ?+s require a space ( "t absolutely prodigi\s4 ,we see1 e day1 by ! long details :i* relate ev5 to ^? ( our und]tak+s1 :i* are mo/ necess>y & mo/ dim9utive1 h[ difficult x is to execute works ( magnitude1 & t !y n only require unwe>i$ p]sev]ance1 b _m g5]ations animat$ by ! same _s4 ,h[ev]1 :e!r we admit t "o or two ( ^? imm5se masses 7 erect$ by ,m5s1 or ,?aut1 or ,*eops1 or ,rameses1 we %all n1 9 consequ5ce1 h ! slighte/ fur!r insight into ! anci5t hi/ory ( ,egypt4 ,! language ( t p is lo/2 & all we "k 9 ref]5ce to ! subject is t be=e ! mo/ anci5t hi/orians exi/$1 !re exi/$ mat]ials = writ+ anci5t hi/ory4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,z we already possess1 ,i _h almo/ said1 tw5ty ?\s& works1 ! great] numb] ( !m ext5d+ to _m volumes1 on ! subject1 exclusively1 ( ! hi/ory ( ,france2 & z1 ev5 a /udi\s man1 7 he to live a hundr$ ye>s1 w\ld f9d x impossible to read !m1 ,i ?9k x a good ?+ to "k :]e to /op4 ,we are oblig$ to connect ) ! k ( our own c\ntry ! hi/ory ( our neighbors4 ,we are /ill less p]mitt$ to rema9 ignorant ( ! ,greeks & ,romans1 & _! laws :i* are become ours2 b1 if to ?is labori\s /udy we %\ld resolve to add t ( m remote antiquity1 we %\ld resemble ! man :o des]t$ ,tacitus & ,livy to /udy s]i\sly ! ,?\s& & ,"o ,nights4 ,all ! orig9s ( nations are evid5tly fables4 ,! reason is t m5 mu/ h liv$ long 9 society1 & h le>n$ to make bread & clo?+ 7:i* w\ld be matt]s ( "s difficulty7 be=e !y acquir$ ! art ( transmitt+ all _! ?\ghts to po/]ity 7a matt] ( great] difficulty /ill74 ,! art ( writ+ is c]ta9ly n m ?an six ?\s& ye>s old1 ev5 among ! ,*9ese2 &1 :atev] may be ! boa/ ( ! ,*aldans & ,egyptians1 x appe>s n at all likely t !y 7 able to read & write e>li]4 ,! hi/ory1 !re=e1 ( prec$+ p]iods1 c\ld be transmitt$ by memory alone2 & we well "k h[ ! memory ( pa/ ev5ts *anges f "o g5]ation to ano!r4 ,! fir/ hi/ories 7 writt5 only f ! imag9ation4 ,n only did e p inv5t its own orig91 b x inv5t$ also ! orig9 ( ! :ole _w4 ,if we may believe ,san*onia?on1 ! orig9 ( ?+s 0 a ?ick air1 :i* 0 r>ifi$ by ! w9d2 h5ce sprang desire & love1 & f ! union ( desire & love 7 =m$ animals4 ,! />s 7 lat] productions1 & int5d$ m]ely to adorn ! heav5s1 & to rejoice ! sight ( ! animals ^u e>?4 ,! ,knef ( ! ,egyptians1 _! ,o%iret & ,i%et1 :i* we call ,osiris & ,isis1 are nei!r less +5i\s nor ridicul\s4 ,! ,greeks embelli%$ all ^! fictions4 ,ovid collect$ !m & ornam5t$ !m ) ! *>ms ( ! mo/ beautiful poetry4 ,:at he says ( a god :o develops or disembroils *aos1 & ( ! =mation ( man1 is sublime4 ,sanctius 8 animal1 m5tisque capacius alt ,de]at adhuc1 et quod dom9>i 9 ct]a posset4 ,natus homo e/4444 --,,ovid1 ,metam41 i1 v4 #gf4 ,a creature ( a m exalt$ k9d ,0 want+ yet1 & !n 0 man design$2 ,consci\s or ?\ght1 ( m capaci\s brea/1 ,= empire =m$1 & fit to rule ! re/4 --,,dryd54 ,pronaque cum spect5t animalia ct]a t]ram2 ,os hom9i sublime d$it clumque tu]i ,jussit1 et erectos ad sid]a toll]e vultus4 ,,metam41 i1 v4 #hd4 ,?us1 :ile ! mute creation d[nw>d b5d ,_! sight1 & to _! e>?ly "m t5d1 ,man looks al(t1 & ) erect$ eyes ,beholds 8 own h]$it>y skies4 --,,dryd54 ,hesiod1 & o!r writ]s :o liv$ s long be=e1 w\ld h be5 v f> f express+ !mselves ) ?is elegant sublimity4 ,b1 f ! int]e/+ mom5t ( man's =mation d[n to ! era ( ! ,olympiads1 ev]y?+ is plung$ 9 pr(\nd obscurity4 ,h]odotus is pres5t at ! ,olympic games1 &1 l an old woman to *ildr51 recites 8 n>ratives1 or r tales1 to ! assembl$ ,greeks4 ,he beg9s by say+ t ! ,phnicians sail$ f ! ,r$ ,sea into ! ,m$it]ranean2 :i*1 if true1 mu/ necess>ily imply t !y _h d\bl$ ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 & made ! circuit ( ,africa4 ,!n comes ! rape ( ,io2 !n ! fable ( ,gyges & ,c&aules2 !n ! wondr\s /ories ( b&itti1 & t ( ! daught] ( ,*eops1 k+ ( ,egypt1 hav+ requir$ a hewn /one f ea* ( h] _m lov]s1 & obta9$1 9 consequ5ce1 a numb] l>ge en\gh to build "o ( ! pyramids4 ,to ?is1 add ! oracles1 prodigies1 & frauds ( prie/s1 & y h ! hi/ory ( ! human race4 ,! fir/ p]iods ( ! ,roman hi/ory appe> to h be5 writt5 by ,h]odotus2 our conqu]ors & legislators knew no o!r way ( c\nt+ _! ye>s z !y pass$ away1 ?an by driv+ nails into a wall by ! h& ( ! sacr$ pontiff4 ,! great ,romulus1 ! k+ ( a village1 is ! son ( ! god ,m>s1 & a recluse1 :o 0 proce$+ to a well to draw wat] 9 a pit*]4 ,he has a god = 8 fa!r1 a woman ( loose mann]s = 8 "m1 & a %e-wolf = 8 nurse4 ,a buckl] falls f heav5 expressly = ,numa4 ,! invaluable books ( ! ,sibyls are f\nd by accid5t4 ,an augur1 by div9e p]mission1 divides a l>ge fl9t-/one ) a razor4 ,a ve/al1 ) h] m]e girdle1 draws into ! wat] a l>ge vessel t has be5 /r&$4 ,ca/or & ,pollux come d[n to fight = ! ,romans1 & ! m>ks ( _! horses' feet are impr9t$ on ! /ones4 ,! transalp9e ,gauls advanc$ to pillage ,rome2 "s relate t !y 7 driv5 away by geese1 o!rs t !y c>ri$ away ) !m mu* gold & silv]2 b x is probable t1 at t "t 9 ,italy1 geese 7 f> m abundant ?an silv]4 ,we h imitat$ ! fir/ ,roman hi/orians1 at lea/ 9 _! ta/e = fables4 ,we h our oriflamme1 our great /&>d1 br\ght f heav5 by an angel1 & ! holy phial by a pigeon2 &1 :5 to ^! we add ! mantle ( ,/4 ,m>t91 we feel n a little =midable4 ,:at w\ld con/itute useful hi/ory8 ,t :i* %\ld tea* u our duties & our rights1 )\t appe>+ to tea* !m4 ,x is (t5 ask$ :e!r ! fable ( ! sacrifice ( ,iphig5ia is tak5 f ! hi/ory ( ,jeph?ah2 :e!r ! deluge ( ,deucalion is inv5t$ 9 imitation ( t ( ,noah2 :e!r ! adv5ture ( ,philemon & ,baucis is copi$ f t ( ,lot & 8 wife4 ,! ,jews admit t !y _h no communication ) /rang]s1 t _! books 7 unkn[n to ! ,greeks till ! translation made by ! ord] ( ,ptolemy4 ,! ,jews 71 long be=e t p]iod1 money-brok]s & usur]s among ! ,greeks at ,alex&ria2 b ! ,greeks nev] w5t to sell old clo!s at ,j]usalem4 ,x is evid5t t no p imitat$ ! ,jews1 & also t ! ,jews imitat$ or adopt$ _m ?+s f ! ,babylonians1 ! ,egyptians1 & ! ,greeks4 ,all ,jewi% antiquities are sacr$ 9 our e/imation1 not)/&+ ! hatr$ & contempt 9 :i* we hold t p4 ,we _c1 inde$1 believe !m by reason1 b we br+ ourselves "u subjection to ! ,jews by fai?4 ,!re are ab\t f\rscore sy/ems 9 exi/5ce on ! subject ( _! *ronology1 & a f> great] numb] ( ways ( expla9+ ! ev5ts record$ 9 _! hi/ories2 we "k n :i* is ! true "o1 b we res]ve our fai? = x 9 /ore aga9/ ! "t :5 t true "o %all be discov]$4 ,we h s _m ?+s to believe 9 ?is s5sible & magnanim\s p1 t all our fai? is exhau/$ by !m1 & we h none left = ! prodigies ) :i* ! o!r nations ab\nd4 ,roll9 may g on repeat+ to u ! oracles ( ,apollo1 & ! miracul\s a*ievem5ts ( ,semiramis2 he may cont9ue to transcribe all t has be5 n>rat$ ( ! ju/ice ( ^? anci5t ,scy?ians :o s frequ5tly pillag$ ,africa1 & occasionally ate m5 = _! breakfa/2 yet s5sible & well-educat$ p w /ill feel & express "s degree ( incr$ulity4 ,:at ,i mo/ admire 9 our mod]n compil]s is ! judgm5t & zeal ) :i* !y prove to u1 t :atev] happ5$ 9 =m] ages1 9 ! mo/ ext5sive & p[]ful empires ( ! _w1 took place solely = ! in/ruction ( ! inhabitants ( ,pale/9e4 ,if ! k+s ( ,babylon1 9 ! c\rse ( _! conque/s1 ov]run ! t]ritories ( ! ,hebrew p1 x is only to correct t p = _! s9s4 ,if ! mon>*1 :o has be5 commonly nam$ ,cyrus1 becomes ma/] ( ,babylon1 x is t he may grant p]mission to "s captive ,jews to return home4 ,if ,alex&] conqu]s ,d>ius1 x is = ! settlem5t ( "s ,jew old-clo!sm5 at ,alex&ria4 ,:5 ! ,romans jo9 ,syria to _! va/ dom9ions1 & r\nd _! empire ) ! little di/rict ( ,juda1 ?is is /ill ) a view to tea* a moral lesson to ! ,jews4 ,! ,arabs & ! ,turks appe> ^u ! /age ( ! _w solely = ! correction ( ?is amiable p4 ,we mu/ ackn[l$ge t !y h _h an excell5t education2 nev] _h any pupil s _m preceptors4 ,su* is ! utility ( hi/ory4 ,b :at is /ill m in/ructive is ! exact ju/ice :i* ! cl]gy h dealt out to all ^? sov]eigns ) :om !y 7 dissatisfi$4 ,obs]ve ) :at imp>tial c&or ,/4 ,gregory ( ,nazianz5 judges ! emp]or ,julian1 ! philosoph]4 ,he decl>es t t pr9ce1 :o did n believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( ! devil1 held secret communication ) t p]sonage1 & t1 on a p>ticul> occasion1 :5 ! demons appe>$ to him "u ! mo/ hide\s =ms1 & 9 ! mid/ ( ! mo/ rag+ flames1 he drove !m away by mak+ inadv]t5tly ! sign ( ! cross4 ,he d5om9ates him madman & wret*2 he ass]ts t ,julian immolat$ "y m5 & wom5 e night 9 caves4 ,su* is ! description he gives ( ! mo/ c&id & clem5t ( m51 & :o nev] ex]cis$ ! slighte/ rev5ge aga9/ ?is same ,gregory1 not)/&+ ! abuse & invectives ) :i* he pursu$ him ?r\gh\t 8 reign4 ,to apologize = ! guilty is a happy way ( ju/ify+ calumny aga9/ ! innoc5t4 ,comp5sation is ?us effect$2 & su* comp5sation 0 amply af=d$ by ,/4 ,gregory4 ,! emp]or ,con/antius1 ,julian's uncle & pr$ecessor1 ^u 8 accession to ! ?rone1 _h massacr$ ,julius1 8 "m's bro!r1 & 8 two sons1 all ?ree ( :om _h be5 decl>$ augu/2 ?is 0 a sy/em :i* he _h adopt$ f 8 fa!r4 ,he aft]w>ds procur$ ! assass9ation ( ,gallus1 ,julian's bro!r4 ,! cruelty :i* he ?us display$ to 8 own family1 he ext5d$ to ! empire at l>ge2 b he 0 a man ( pray]1 &1 ev5 at ! decisive battle ) ,max5tius1 he 0 pray+ to ,god 9 a neighbor+ *ur* dur+ ! :ole "t 9 :i* ! armies 7 engag$4 ,su* 0 ! man :o 0 eulogiz$ by ,gregory2 &1 if su* is ! way 9 :i* ! sa9ts make u acqua9t$ ) ! tru?1 :at may we n expect f ! pr(ane1 p>ticul>ly :5 !y are ignorant1 sup]/iti\s1 & irritable8 ,at ! pres5t day ! /udy ( hi/ory is occasionally appli$ to a purpose some:at :imsical & absurd4 ,c]ta9 *>t]s ( ! "t ( ,dagob]t are discov]$ & br\ght =w>d1 ! great] "p ( !m ( a some:at suspici\s "* 9 po9t ( g5u95ess1 & ill-und]/ood2 & f ^! x is inf]r$1 t cu/oms1 rights1 & pr]ogatives1 :i* subsi/$ !n1 %\ld be reviv$ n[4 ,i w\ld recomm5d x to ^? :o adopt ?is me?od ( /udy & reason+1 to say to ! ocean1 ,y =m]ly ext5d$ to ,aigues-,mortes1 ,frjus1 ,rav5na1 & ,f]r>a4 ,return to !m imm$iately4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,( ! ,c]ta9ty ( ,hi/ory4 ,all c]ta9ty :i* does n consi/ 9 ma!matical demon/ration is no?+ m ?an ! highe/ probability2 !re is no o!r hi/orical c]ta9ty4 ,:5 ,m>co ,polo describ$ ! greatness & population ( ,*9a1 be+ ! fir/1 & = a "t ! only writ] :o _h describ$ !m1 he c\ld n obta9 cr$it4 ,! ,portuguese1 :o = ages aft]w>ds _h communication & comm]ce ) t va/ empire1 began to r5d] ! description probable4 ,x is n[ a matt] ( absolute c]ta9ty2 ( t c]ta9ty :i* arises f ! unanim\s deposition ( a ?\s& witnesses or diff]5t nations1 unoppos$ by ! te/imony ( a s+le individual4 ,if m]ely two or ?ree hi/orians _h describ$ ! adv5ture ( ,k+ ,*>les ,,xii4 :5 he p]si/$ 9 rema9+ 9 ! t]ritories ( 8 b5efactor1 ! sultan1 9 opposition to ! ord]s ( t mon>*1 & absolutely f\ght1 ) ! few dome/ics t att5d$ 8 p]son1 aga9/ an army ( janiss>ies & ,t>t>s1 ,i %\ld h susp5d$ my judgm5t ab\t its tru?2 b1 hav+ spok5 to _m :o actually witness$ ! fact1 & hav+ nev] he>d x call$ 9 "q1 ,i _c possibly d o!rwise ?an believe x2 because1 aft] all1 al?\gh su* conduct is nei!r wise nor common1 !re is no?+ 9 x contradictory to ! laws ( nature1 or ! "* ( ! h]o4 ,t :i* is 9 opposition to ! ord9>y c\rse ( nature ought n to be believ$1 unless x is atte/$ by p]sons evid5tly inspir$ by ! div9e m9d1 & ^: inspiration1 inde$1 x is impossible to d\bt4 ,h5ce we are ju/ifi$ 9 consid]+ z a p>adox ! ass]tion made "u ! article on ,c]ta9ty1 9 ! great ,encyclopdia1 t we are z mu* b\nd to believe 9 ! resuscitation ( a dead man1 if all ,p>is 7 to affirm x1 z to believe all ,p>is :5 x /ates t we ga9$ ! battle ( ,font5oy4 ,x is cle> t ! evid5ce ( all ,p>is to a ?+ improbable c nev] be equal to t evid5ce 9 favor ( a probable "o4 ,^! are ! fir/ pr9ciples ( g5u9e logic4 ,su* a diction>y z ! "o 9 "q %\ld be consecrat$ only to tru?4 ,unc]ta9ty ( ,hi/ory4 ,p]iods ( "t are di/+ui%$ z fabul\s & hi/orical4 ,b ev5 9 ! hi/orical times !mselves x is necess>y to di/+ui% tru?s f fables4 ,i am n "h speak+ ( fables1 n[ univ]sally admitt$ to be su*4 ,!re is no "q1 = example1 respect+ ! prodigies ) :i* ,livy has embelli%$1 or r defac$1 8 hi/ory4 ,b ) respect to ev5ts g5]ally admitt$1 h[ _m reasons exi/ = d\bt6 ,let x be recollect$ t ! ,roman republic 0 five hundr$ ye>s )\t hi/orians2 t ,livy himself deplores ! loss ( v>i\s public monum5ts or records1 z almo/ all1 he says1 7 de/roy$ 9 ! burn+ ( ,rome3 ,pl]aque int]i]e4 ,let x be consid]$ t1 9 ! fir/ ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 ! art ( writ+ 0 v uncommon3 ,r> p] eadem tempora lit]4 ,reason w be !n se5 = ent]ta9+ d\bt on all ^? ev5ts :i* d n correspond ) ! usual ord] ( human affairs4 ,c x be consid]$ v likely t ,romulus1 ! gr&son ( ! k+ ( ! ,sab9es1 0 compell$ to c>ry (f ! ,sab9e wom5 9 ord] to obta9 = 8 p wives8 ,is ! hi/ory ( ,lucretia highly probable2 c we easily believe1 on ! cr$it ( ,livy1 t ! k+ ,pors5na betook himself to flight1 full ( admiration = ! ,romans1 because a fanatic _h pl$g$ himself to assass9ate him8 ,%\ld we n r be incl9$ to rely ^u ,polybius1 :o 0 two hundr$ ye>s e>li] ?an ,livy8 ,polybius in=ms u t ,pors5na subjugat$ ! ,romans4 ,?is is f> m probable ?an ! adv5ture ( ,scvola's burn+ (f 8 h& = fail+ 9 ! attempt to assass9ate him4 ,i w\ld h defi$ ,poltrot to d z mu*4 ,does ! adv5ture ( ,regulus1 inclos$ )9 a hog%ead or tub /uck r\nd ) iron spikes1 des]ve belief8 ,w\ld n ,polybius1 a contempor>y1 h record$ x _h x be5 true8 ,he says n a s+le ^w ^u ! subject4 ,is n ?is a /rik+ presumption t ! /ory 0 trump$ up long aft]w>ds to gratify ! popul> hatr$ aga9/ ! ,c>?ag9ians8 ,op5 ,morri's ,diction>y1 at ! article on ,regulus4 ,he in=ms y t ! torm5ts inflict$ on t ,roman are record$ 9 ,livy4 ,! p>ticul> decade1 h[ev]1 9 :i* ,livy w\ld h record$ x1 if at all1 is lo/2 & 9 lieu ( x1 we h only ! supplem5t ( ,fre9%eim2 & ?us x appe>s t ,diction>y has m]ely cit$ a ,g]man writ] ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 "u ! idea ( cit+ a ,roman ( ! ,augu/an age4 ,volumes might be compos$ out ( all ! celebrat$ ev5ts :i* h be5 g5]ally admitt$1 b :i* may be m fairly d\bt$4 ,b ! limits all[$ = ?is article w n p]mit u to enl>ge4 ,:e!r ,temples1 ,fe/ivals1 ,annual ,c]emonies1 & ev5 ,m$als1 are ,hi/oric ,pro(s4 ,we might be naturally l$ to imag9e t a monum5t rais$ by any nation 9 celebration ( a p>ticul> ev5t1 w\ld atte/ ! c]ta9ty ( t ev5t2 if1 h[ev]1 ^! monum5ts 7 n erect$ by contempor>ies1 or if !y celebrate ev5ts t c>ry ) !m b little probability1 !y may (t5 be reg>d$ z prov+ no?+ m ?an a wi% to consecrate a popul> op9ion4 ,! ro/ral column1 erect$ 9 ,rome by ! contempor>ies ( ,duilius1 is und\bt$ly a pro( ( ! naval victory obta9$ by ,duilius2 b does ! /atue ( ! augur ,nvius1 :o is said to h divid$ a l>ge fl9t ) a razor1 prove t ,nvius 9 reality p]=m$ t prodigy8 ,7 ! /atues ( ,c]es & ,triptolemus1 at ,a!ns1 decisive evid5ces t ,c]es came d[n f ,i "k n :at p>ticul> planet1 to in/ruct ! ,a!nians 9 agriculture8 ,or does ! fam\s ,laocoon1 :i* exi/s p]fect to ! pres5t day1 furni% inconte/able evid5ce ( ! tru? ( ! /ory ( ! ,trojan horse8 ,c]emonies & annual fe/ivals obs]v$ univ]sally ?r\gh\t any nation1 are1 9 l mann]1 no bett] pro(s ( ! reality ( ! ev5ts to :i* !y are attribut$4 ,! fe/ival ( ,orion1 c>ri$ on ! back ( a dolph91 0 celebrat$ among ! ,romans z well z ! ,greeks4 ,t ( ,faunus 0 9 celebration ( 8 adv5ture ) ,h]cules & ,omphale1 :5 t god1 be+ enamor$ ( ,omphale1 mi/ook ! b$ ( ,h]cules = t ( 8 mi/ress4 ,! fam\s fea/ ( ! ,lup]cals 0 in/itut$ 9 honor ( ! %e-wolf t suckl$ ,romulus & ,remus4 ,:at 0 ! orig9 ( ! fea/ ( ,orion1 :i* 0 obs]v$ on ! fif? ( ! ides ( ,may8 ,x 0 nei!r m nor less ?an ! foll[+ adv5ture3 ,hyreus once ent]ta9$ at 8 h\se ! gods ,jupit]1 ,neptune1 & ,m]cury1 & :5 8 high & mighty gue/s 7 ab\t to dep>t1 ! wor?y ho/1 :o _h no wife1 & 0 v desir\s ( hav+ a son1 lam5t$ 8 un=tunate fate1 & express$ 8 anxi\s desire to ! ?ree div9ities4 ,we d>e n exactly detail :at !y did to ! hide ( an ox :i* ,hyreus _h kill$ = _! ent]ta9m5t2 h[ev]1 !y aft]w>ds cov]$ ! well-soak$ hide ) a little e>?2 & !nce1 at ! end ( n9e mon?s1 0 born ,orion4 ,almo/ all ! ,roman1 ,syrian1 ,grecian1 & ,egyptian fe/ivals1 7 f\nd$ on simil> leg5ds1 z well z ! temples & /atues ( anci5t h]oes4 ,!y 7 monum5ts consecrat$ by cr$ulity to error4 ,"o ( our mo/ anci5t monum5ts is ! /atue ( ,/4 ,d5is c>ry+ 8 head 9 8 arms4 ,ev5 a m$al1 & a contempor>y m$al1 is sometimes no pro(4 ,h[ _m m$als has flatt]y /ruck 9 celebration ( battles v indecisive 9 !mselves1 b ?us exalt$ into victories2 & ( ent]prises1 9 fact1 baffl$ & abortive1 & complet$ only 9 ! inscription on ! m$al8 ,f9ally1 dur+ ! w> 9 #agdj1 betwe5 ! ,spani>ds & ! ,engli%1 0 !re n a m$al /ruck1 atte/+ ! capture ( ,c>?ag5a by ,admiral ,v]non1 al?\gh t admiral 0 oblig$ to raise ! siege8 ,m$als are !n unexceptionable te/imonies only :5 ! ev5t !y celebrate is atte/$ by contempor>y au?ors2 ^! evid5ces ?us corroborat+ ea* o!r1 v]ify ! ev5t describ$4 ,%\ld an ,hi/orian ascribe ,fictiti\s ,spee*es to 8 ,*>act]s1 & sket* ,portraits ( !m8 ,if on any p>ticul> occasion ! comm&] ( an army1 or a public m9i/]1 has spok5 9 a p[]ful & impressive mann]1 *>act]i/ic ( 8 g5ius & 8 age1 8 disc\rse %\ld unque/ionably be giv5 ) ! mo/ lit]al exactness4 ,spee*es ( ?is description are p]haps ! mo/ valuable "p ( hi/ory4 ,b = :at purpose repres5t a man z say+ :at he nev] did say8 ,x w\ld be j z correct to attribute to him acts :i* he nev] p]=m$4 ,x is a fiction imitat$ f ,hom]2 b t :i* is fiction 9 a poem1 9 /rict language1 is a lie 9 ! hi/orian4 ,_m ( ! anci5ts adopt$ ! me?od 9 "q1 :i* m]ely proves t _m ( ! anci5ts 7 fond ( p>ad+ _! eloqu5ce at ! exp5se ( tru?4 ,( ,hi/orical ,portraiture4 ,portraits1 also1 frequ5tly manife/ a /rong] desire = display1 ?an to communicate in=mation4 ,contempor>ies are ju/ifiable 9 draw+ ! portraits ( /atesm5 ) :om !y h negotiat$1 or ( g5]als "u :om !y h f\ght4 ,b h[ mu* is x to be appreh5d$ t ! p5cil w 9 _m cases be guid$ by ! feel+s8 ,! portraits giv5 by ,"l ,cl>5don appe> to be drawn ) m imp>tiality1 gravity1 & judgm5t1 ?an ^? :i* we p]use ) s mu* delight 9 ,c>d9al de ,retz4 ,b to attempt to pa9t ! anci5ts2 to elaborate 9 ?is way ! developm5t ( _! m9ds2 to reg>d ev5ts z *>act]s 9 :i* we may accurately read ! mo/ sacr$ feel+s & int5ts ( _! he>ts--?is is an und]tak+ ( no ord9>y difficulty & discrim9ation1 al?\gh z frequ5tly conduct$1 bo? *ildi% & trifl+4 ,( ,cic]o's ,maxim ,conc]n+ ,hi/ory1 t an ,hi/orian %\ld nev] d>e to relate a ,falsehood or to ,conceal a ,tru?4 ,! fir/ "p ( ?is precept is inconte/able2 we mu/ /op = a mom5t to exam9e ! o!r4 ,if a p>ticul> tru? may be ( any s]vice to ! /ate1 y\r sil5ce is c5surable4 ,b ,i w suppose y to write ! hi/ory ( a pr9ce :o _h repos$ 9 y a secret--ought y to reveal t secret8 ,ought y to say to all po/]ity :at y w\ld be crim9al 9 disclos+ to a s+le individual8 ,%\ld ! duty ( an hi/orian prevail ov] ! high] & m imp]ative duty ( a man8 ,i w suppose aga91 t y h witness$ a fail+ or weakness :i* has n _h ! slighte/ influ5ce on public affairs--ought y to publi% su* weakness8 ,9 su* a case hi/ory becomes satire4 ,x mu/ be all[$1 inde$1 t ! great] "p ( anecdote writ]s are m indiscreet ?an !y are useful4 ,b :at op9ion mu/ we ent]ta9 ( ^? impud5t compil]s :o appe> to glory 9 scatt]+ ab\t !m calumny & sl&]1 & pr9t & sell sc&als z ,vois9 sold poisons8 ,( ,satirical ,hi/ory4 ,if ,plut>* c5sur$ ,h]odotus = n hav+ suffici5tly extoll$ ! fame ( "s ( ! ,grecian cities1 & = omitt+ _m kn[n facts wor?y ( be+ record$1 h[ mu* m c5surable are c]ta9 ( our mod]n writ]s1 :o1 )\t any ( ! m]its ( ,h]odotus1 impute bo? to pr9ces & to nations acts ( ! mo/ odi\s "*1 )\t ! slighte/ pro( or evid5ce8 ,! hi/ory ( ! w> 9 #agda has be5 writt5 9 ,engl&2 & x relates1 t at ! battle ( ,font5oy ! ,fr5* fir$ at ! ,engli% balls & pieces ( glass :i* _h be5 prep>$ ) poison2 & t ! duke ( ,cumb]l& s5t to ! k+ ( ,france a box full ( ^? alleg$ poison\s articles1 :i* _h be5 f\nd 9 ! bodies ( ! w\nd$ ,engli%4 ,! same au?or adds1 t ! ,fr5* hav+ lo/ 9 t battle =ty ?\s& m51 ! p>liam5t issu$ an ord] to prev5t p f talk+ on ! subject1 "u pa9 ( corporal puni%m5t4 ,! fraudul5t memoirs publi%$ n long s9ce "u ! "n ( ,madame de ,ma9t5on1 ab\nd ) simil> absurdities4 ,we are told 9 !m1 t at ! siege ( ,lille ! allies ?rew plac>ds into ! city1 conta9+ ^! words3 ,fr5*m51 be com=t$--,ma9t5on %all nev] be y\r que54 ,almo/ e page is pollut$ by false /atem5ts & abuse ( ! royal family & o!r lead+ families 9 ! k+dom1 )\t ! au?or's mak+ out ! smalle/ probability to give a color to 8 calumnies4 ,?is is n writ+ hi/ory2 x is writ+ sl&]s :i* des]ve ! pillory4 ,a va/ numb] ( works h be5 pr9t$ 9 ,holl&1 "u ! "n ( hi/ory1 ( :i* ! /yle is z vulg> & co>se z ! abuse1 & ! facts z false z !y are ill-n>rat$4 ,?is1 x has be5 obs]v$1 is a bad fruit ( ! noble tree ( lib]ty4 ,b if ! contemptible au?ors ( ?is tra% h ! lib]ty ?us to deceive _! read]s1 x becomes u "h to take ! lib]ty to undeceive !m4 ,a ?ir/ = despicable ga91 & ! insol5ce ( vulg> & grovell+ mann]s1 7 ! only motives :i* l$ t ,prote/ant refugee f ,langu$oc1 ( ! "n ( ,langlevieux1 b commonly call$ ,la ,beaumelle1 to attempt ! mo/ infam\s trick t ev] disgrac$ lit]ature4 ,he sold to ,esl+]1 ! booksell] ( ,frank=t1 9 #agea1 = sev5te5 l\is d'or1 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,age ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 :i* is n 82 &1 ei!r to make x believ$ t he 0 ! proprietor1 or to e>n 8 money1 he load$ x ) abusive & abom9able notes aga9/ ,l\is ,,xiv41 8 son1 & 8 gr&son1 ! duke ( ,burgundy1 :om he abuses 9 ! mo/ unmeasur$ t]ms1 & calls a traitor to 8 gr&fa!r & 8 c\ntry4 ,he p\rs ^u ! duke ( ,orleans1 ! reg5t1 calumnies at once ! mo/ horrible & ! mo/ absurd2 no p]son ( consequ5ce is sp>$1 & yet no p]son ( consequ5ce did he ev] "k4 ,he retails aga9/ ! m>%als ,vill>s & ,vill]oi1 aga9/ m9i/]s1 & ev5 aga9/ ladies1 all ! petty1 dirty1 & sc&al\s tales t c\ld be collect$ f ! l[e/ tav]ns & w9e-h\ses2 & he speaks ( ! greate/ pr9ces z if !y 7 am5able to himself1 & "u 8 own p]sonal jurisdiction4 ,he expresses himself1 inde$1 z if he 7 a =mal & au?oriz$ judge ( k+s3 ,give me1 says he1 a ,/u>t1 & ,i w make him k+ ( ,engl&4 ,?is mo/ ridicul\s & abom9able conduct1 proce$+ f an au?or obscure & unkn[n1 has incurr$ no prosecution2 x w\ld h be5 sev]ely puni%$ 9 a man ^: words w\ld h c>ri$ any weight4 ,b we mu/ "h obs]ve1 t ^! works ( d>kness frequ5tly circulate ?r\gh all ,europe2 !y are sold at ! fairs ( ,frank=t & ,leipsic1 & ! :ole ( ! ,nor? is ov]run ) !m4 ,=eign]s1 :o are n well in=m$1 d]ive f books ( ?is description _! k ( mod]n hi/ory4 ,g]man au?ors are n always suffici5tly on _! gu>d aga9/ memoirs ( ?is "*1 b employ !m z mat]ials2 :i* has be5 ! case ) ! memoirs ( ,pontis1 ,montbrun1 ,ro*e=t1 & ,pordac2 ) all ! pret5d$ political te/am5ts ( m9i/]s ( /ate1 :i* h proce$$ f ! p5 ( =g]y2 ) ! ,royal ,t5? ( ,boisguilleb]t1 impud5tly publi%$ "u ! "n ( ,m>%al ,vauban2 & ) innum]able compilations ( anas & anecdotes4 ,hi/ory is sometimes ev5 /ill m %amefully abus$ 9 ,engl&4 ,z !re are always two p>ties 9 furi\s ho/ility aga9/ ea* o!r1 until "s common dang] = a season unites !m1 ! writ]s ( "o faction condemn ev]y?+ t ! o!rs approve4 ,! same individual is repres5t$ z a ,cato & a ,catil9e4 ,h[ is tru? to be extricat$ f ?is adulation & satire8 ,p]haps !re is only "o rule to be dep5d$ ^u1 :i* is1 to believe all ! good :i* ! hi/orian ( a p>ty v5tures to all[ to ! lead]s ( ! opposite faction2 & all ! ills :i* he v5tures to impute to ! *iefs ( 8 own--a rule1 ( :i* nei!r p>ty c sev]ely compla94 ,) reg>d to memoirs actually writt5 by ag5ts 9 ! ev5ts record$1 z ^? ( ,cl>5don1 ,ludl[1 & ,burnet1 9 ,engl&1 & de la ,ro*ef\cauld & de ,retz 9 ,france1 if !y agree1 !y are true2 if !y contradict ea* o!r1 d\bt !m4 ,) respect to anas & anecdotes1 !re may p]haps be "o 9 a hundr$ ( !m t conta9 "s %ad[ ( tru?4 ,,section ,,iv4 ,( ! ,me?od or ,mann] ( ,writ+ ,hi/ory1 & ( ,/yle4 ,we h said s mu* ^u ?is subject1 t we mu/ "h say v little4 ,x is suffici5tly kn[n & fully admitt$1 t ! me?od & /yle ( ,livy--8 gravity1 & in/ructive eloqu5ce1 are suitable to ! maje/y ( ! ,roman republic2 t ,tacitus is m calculat$ to portray tyrants1 ,polybius to give lessons on w>1 & ,dionysius ( ,halic>nassus to inve/igate antiquities4 ,b1 :ile he =ms himself on ! g5]al model ( ^! great ma/]s1 a weighty responsibility is atta*$ to ! mod]n hi/orian f :i* !y 7 exempt4 ,he is requir$ to give m m9ute details1 facts m completely au!nticat$1 correct dates1 precise au?orities1 m att5tion to cu/oms1 laws1 mann]s1 comm]ce1 f9ance1 agriculture1 & population4 ,x is ) hi/ory1 z x is ) ma!matics & natural philosophy2 ! field ( x is imm5sely enl>g$4 ,! m easy x is to compile newspap]s1 ! m difficult x is at ! pres5t day to write hi/ory4 ,daniel ?\ght himself a hi/orian1 because he transcrib$ dates & n>ratives ( battles1 ( :i* ,i c und]/& no?+4 ,he %\ld h in=m$ me ( ! rights ( ! nation1 ! rights ( ! *ief corporate e/abli%m5ts 9 x2 its laws1 usages1 mann]s1 ) ! alt]ations by :i* !y h be5 affect$ 9 ! progress ( "t4 ,?is nation might n improp]ly address him 9 "s su* language z ! foll[+3--,i want f y my own hi/ory r ?an t ( ,l\is le ,gros & ,l\is ,hut92 y tell me1 copy+ f "s old1 unau!nticat$1 & c>elessly-writt5 *ronicle1 t :5 ,l\is ,,viii4 0 attack$ by a mortal disease1 & lay langui%+ & p[]less1 ! physicians ord]$ ! m ?an half-dead mon>* to take to 8 b$ a bloom+ damsel1 :o might *]i% ! few sp>ks ( rema9+ life2 & t ! pi\s k+ reject$ ! unholy advice ) indignation4 ,alas6 ,daniel1 y are unacqua9t$1 x seems1 ) ! ,italian prov]b--,donna ignuda m&a l'uomo sotto la t]ra4 ,y ought to possess a little /rong] t9cture ( political & natural hi/ory4 ,! hi/ory ( a =eign c\ntry %\ld be =m$ on a diff]5t model to t ( our own4 ,if we compose a hi/ory ( ,france1 we are "u no necessity to describe ! c\rse ( ! ,se9e & ! ,loire2 b if we publi% a hi/ory ( ! conque/s ( ! ,portuguese 9 ,asia1 a topographical description ( ! rec5tly explor$ c\ntry is requir$4 ,x is desirable t we %\ld1 z x 71 conduct ! read] by ! h& r\nd ,africa1 & along ! coa/s ( ,p]sia & ,india2 & x is expect$ t we %\ld treat ) in=mation & judgm5t1 ( mann]s1 laws1 & cu/oms s new to ,europe4 ,we h a great v>iety ( hi/ories ( ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,portuguese 9 ,india1 writt5 by our c\ntrym51 b n "o ( !m has made u acqua9t$ ) ! diff]5t gov]nm5ts ( t c\ntry1 ) its religi\s antiquities1 ,brahm9s1 disciples ( ,/4 ,john1 ,gueb]s1 & ,banians4 ,"s lett]s ( ,xavi] & 8 successors h1 x is true1 be5 pres]v$ to u4 ,we h _h hi/ories ( ! ,indies compos$ at ,p>is1 f ! acc\nts ( ^? mission>ies :o 7 unacqua9t$ ) ! language ( ! ,brahm9s4 ,we h x repeat$1 9 a hundr$ works1 t ! ,indians wor%ip ! devil4 ,! *apla9s ( a company ( m]*ants quit our c\ntry "u ^! impressions1 &1 z soon z !y p]ceive on ! coa/ "s symbolical figures1 !y fail n to write home t !y are ! portraits & lik5esses ( ! devil1 t !y are 9 ! devil's empire1 & t !y are go+ to engage 9 battle ) him4 ,!y d n reflect t we are ! real wor%ipp]s ( ! devil ,mammon1 & t we travel six ?\s& leagues f our native l& to (f] our v[s at 8 %r9e1 & to obta9 ! grant ( "s portion ( 8 treasures4 ,z to ^? :o hire !mselves out at ,p>is to "s booksell] 9 ! ,rue de ,/4 ,jacques1 & at s mu* p] job1 & :o are ord]$ to write a hi/ory ( ,japan1 ,canada1 or ! ,can>ies1 z ! case requires & opportunity sugge/s1 f ! memoirs ( a few ,capu*9 fri>s--to su* ,i h no?+ to say4 ,x is suffici5t1 if x be cle>ly und]/ood1 t ! me?od :i* w\ld be prop] 9 writ+ a hi/ory ( our own c\ntry is n suitable 9 describ+ ! discov]ies ( ! new _w2 t we %\ld n write on a small city z on a great empire2 & t ! private hi/ory ( a pr9ce %\ld be compos$ 9 a v diff]5t mann] f ! hi/ory ( ,france & ,engl&4 ,if y h no?+ to tell u1 b t on ! banks ( ! ,oxus & ! ,jax>tes1 "o b>b>ian has be5 succe$$ by ano!r b>b>ian1 9 :at respect d y b5efit ! public8 ,^! rules are well kn[n2 b ! art ( writ+ hi/ory well w always be v uncommon4 ,x obvi\sly requires a /yle grave1 pure1 v>i$1 & smoo?4 ,b we may say ) respect to rules = writ+ hi/ory1 z 9 ref]5ce to ^? = all ! intellectual arts--!re are _m precepts1 b few ma/]s4 ,,section ,v4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,jewi% ,k+s1 & ( ! ,p>alipom5a4 ,e nation1 z soon z x 0 able to write1 has writt5 its own hi/ory1 & ! ,jews h accord+ly writt5 !irs4 ,be=e !y _h k+s1 !y liv$ "u a !ocracy2 x 0 _! de/9y to be gov]n$ by ,god himself4 ,:5 ! ,jews 7 desir\s ( hav+ a k+1 l ! adjo9+ nations1 ! prophet ,samuel1 :o 0 exce$+ly int]e/$ 9 prev5t+ x1 decl>$ to !m1 on ! "p ( ,god1 t !y 7 reject+ ,god himself4 ,?us ! ,jewi% !ocracy ceas$ :5 ! mon>*y comm5c$4 ,we may !re=e rem>k1 )\t ! imputation ( blasphemy1 t ! hi/ory ( ! ,jewi% k+s 0 writt5 l t ( o!r nations1 & t ,god did n take ! pa9s ,himself to dictate ! hi/ory ( a p :om ,he no long] gov]n$4 ,we advance ?is op9ion ) ! greate/ diffid5ce4 ,:at may p]haps be consid]$ z confirm+ x1 is1 t ! ,p>alipom5a v frequ5tly contradict ! ,book ( ,k+s1 bo? ) respect to *ronology & facts1 j z pr(ane hi/orians sometimes contradict "o ano!r4 ,moreov]1 if ,god always wrote ! hi/ory ( ! ,jews1 x seems only consi/5t & natural to ?9k t ,he writes x /ill2 = ! ,jews are always ,8 *]i%$ p4 ,!y are on "s future day to be conv]t$1 & x seems t :5ev] t ev5t happ5s1 !y w h z complete a "r to consid] ! hi/ory ( _! disp]sion z sacr$1 z !y h n[ to say1 t ,god wrote ! hi/ory ( _! k+s4 ,we may be all[$ "h to make "o reflection2 :i* is1 t z ,god 0 = a v long p]iod _! k+1 & aft]w>ds became _! hi/orian1 we are b\nd to ent]ta9 = all ,jews ! mo/ pr(\nd respect4 ,!re is n a s+le ,jew brok]1 or slop-man1 :o is n inf9itely sup]ior to ,cs> & ,alex&]4 ,h[ c we avoid b5d+ 9 pro/ration be=e an old-clo!s man1 :o proves to u t 8 hi/ory has be5 writt5 by ,god ,himself1 :ile ! hi/ories ( ,greece & ,rome h be5 transmitt$ to u m]ely by ! pr(ane h& ( man8 ,if ! /yle ( ! hi/ory ( ! k+s1 & ( ! ,p>alipom5a1 is div9e1 x may nev]!less be true t ! acts record$ 9 ^! hi/ories are n div9e4 ,david murd]s ,uriah2 ,i%bo%e? & ,mephibo%e? are murd]$2 ,absalom murd]s ,ammon2 ,joab murd]s ,absalom2 ,solomon murd]s 8 bro!r ,adonijah2 ,baa%a murd]s ,nadab2 ,zimri murd]s ,ela2 ,omri murd]s ,zimri2 ,ahab murd]s ,nabo?2 ,jehu murd]s ,ahab & ,joram2 ! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem murd] ,amaziah1 son ( ,joa%2 ,%allum1 son ( ,jabe%1 murd]s ,za*>iah1 son ( ,j]oboam2 ,m5ahhem murd]s ,%allum1 son ( ,jabe%2 ,pekah1 son ( ,remaliah1 murd]s ,pekahiah1 son ( ,manehem2 & ,ho%ea1 son ( ,elah1 murd]s ,pekah1 son ( ,remaliah4 ,we pass ov]1 9 sil5ce1 _m o!r m9or murd]s4 ,x mu/ be ackn[l$g$1 t1 if ! ,holy ,_s did write ?is hi/ory1 ,he did n *oose a subject p>ticul>ly edify+4 ,,section ,,vi4 ,( bad ,actions :i* h be5 consecrat$ or excus$ 9 ,hi/ory4 ,x is b too common = hi/orians to praise v deprav$ & ab&on$ *>act]s1 :o h done s]vice ei!r to a dom9ant sect1 or to _! nation at l>ge4 ,! praises ?us be/[$1 come p]haps f a loyal & zeal\s citiz52 b zeal ( ?is description is injuri\s to ! great society ( mank9d4 ,romulus murd]s 8 bro!r1 & he is made a god4 ,con/ant9e cuts ! ?roat ( 8 son1 /rangles 8 wife1 & murd]s almo/ all 8 family3 he has be5 eulogiz$ 9 g5]al c\ncils1 b hi/ory %\ld ev] hold up su* b>b>ities to dete/ation4 ,x is und\bt$ly =tunate = u t ,clovis 0 a ,ca?olic4 ,x is =tunate = ! ,anglican *ur* t ,h5ry ,,viii4 aboli%$ monks1 b we mu/ at ! same "t admit t ,clovis & ,h5ry ,,viii4 7 mon/]s ( cruelty4 ,:5 fir/ ! ,jesuit ,b]ruy]1 :o al?\gh a ,jesuit1 0 a fool1 und]took to p>aphrase ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts 9 ! /yle ( ! l[e/ populace1 ) no o!r int5tion ?an t ( hav+ !m read2 he scatt]$ "s fl[]s ( rhetoric ov] ! two-edg$ knife :i* ! ,jew ,ehud ?ru/ up to ! hilt 9 ! /oma* ( ! k+ ,eglon2 & ov] ! sabre ) :i* ,judi? cut (f ! head ( ,hol(]nes aft] hav+ pro/itut$ h]self to 8 pleasures2 & also ov] _m o!r acts record$1 ( a simil> description4 ,! p>liam5t1 respect+ ! ,bible :i* n>rates ^! hi/ories1 nev]!less condemn$ ! ,jesuit :o extoll$ !m1 & ord]$ ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts to be burn$3--,i mean m]ely ^? ( ! ,jesuit4 ,b z ! judgm5ts ( mank9d are ev] diff]5t 9 simil> cases1 ! same ?+ happ5$ to ,bayle 9 circum/ances totally diff]5t4 ,he 0 condemn$ = n prais+ all ! actions ( ,david1 k+ ( ! prov9ce ( ,juda4 ,a man ( ! "n ( ,jurieu1 a refugee prea*] 9 ,holl&1 associat$ ) "s o!r refugee prea*]s1 7 desir\s ( oblig+ him to recant4 ,b h[ c\ld he recant ) ref]5ce to facts deliv]$ 9 ! scripture8 ,_h n ,bayle "s reason to conclude t all ! facts record$ 9 ! ,jewi% books are n ! actions ( sa9ts2 t ,david1 l o!r m51 _h committ$ "s crim9al acts2 & t if he is call$ a man aft] ,god's own he>t1 he is call$ s 9 consequ5ce ( 8 p5it5ce1 & n ( 8 crimes8 ,let u disreg>d names & conf9e our consid]ation to ?+s only4 ,let u suppose1 t dur+ ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 a cl]gyman ( ! ,league p>ty secretly p\r$ out a phial ( oil on ! head ( a %eph]d ( ,brie2 t ! %eph]d comes to c\rt2 t ! cl]gyman pres5ts him to ,h5ry ,,iv4 z an excell5t viol9 play] :o c completely drive away all c>e & melan*oly2 t ! k+ makes him 8 equ]ry1 & be/[s on him "o ( 8 daught]s 9 m>riage2 t aft]w>ds1 ! k+ hav+ qu>rell$ ) ! %eph]d1 ! latt] takes refuge ) "o ( ! pr9ces ( ,g]many1 8 fa!r-9-law's enemy2 t he enli/s & arms six hundr$ b&itti ov]:elm$ by debt & debau*]y2 t ) ?is regim5t ( brig&s he ru%es to ! field1 slays fri5ds z well z enemies1 ext]m9at+ all1 ev5 to wom5 ) *ildr5 at ! brea/1 9 ord] to prev5t a s+le individual's rema9+ to give intellig5ce ( ! horrid but*]y4 ,i f>!r suppose ?is same %eph]d ( ,brie to become k+ ( ,france aft] ! dea? ( ,h5ry ,,iv42 t he procures ! murd] ( t k+'s gr&son1 aft] hav+ invit$ him to sit at meat at 8 own table1 & deliv]s ov] to dea? sev5 o!r y\ng] *ildr5 ( 8 k+ & b5efactor4 ,:o is ! man t w n conceive ! %eph]d ( ,brie to act r h>%ly8 ,comm5tators are agre$ t ! adult]y ( ,david1 & 8 murd] ( ,uriah1 are faults :i* ,god p>don$4 ,we may !re=e conclude t ! massacres above m5tion$ are faults :i* ,god also p>don$4 ,h[ev]1 ,bayle _h no qu>t] giv5 him2 b at l5g? "s prea*]s at ,london hav+ comp>$ ,george ,,ii4 to ,david1 "o ( t mon>*'s s]vants pr9ts & publi%es a small book1 9 :i* he c5sures ! comp>ison4 ,he exam9es ! :ole conduct ( ,david2 he goes inf9itely f>!r ?an ,bayle1 & treats ,david ) m sev]ity ?an ,tacitus applies to ,domitian4 ,?is book did n raise 9 ,engl& ! slighte/ murmur2 e read] felt t bad actions are always bad2 t ,god may p>don !m :5 rep5tance is proportion$ to guilt1 b t c]ta9ly no man c ev] approve ( !m4 ,!re 0 m reason1 !re=e1 prevail+ 9 ,engl& ?an !re 0 9 ,holl& 9 ! "t ( ,bayle4 ,we n[ p]ceive cle>ly & )\t difficulty1 t we ought n to hold up z a model ( sanctity :at1 9 fact1 des]ves ! sev]e/ puni%m5t2 & we see ) equal cle>ness t1 z we ought n to consecrate guilt1 s we ought n to believe absurdity4 ,,honor4 ,! au?or ( ! ,_s ( ,laws has f\nd$ 8 sy/em on ! idea t virtue is ! pr9ciple ( a republican gov]nm5t1 & honor t ( mom ar*ism4 ,is !re virtue !n )\t honor1 & h[ is a republic e/abli%$ 9 virtue8 ,let u place be=e ! read]'s eyes t :i* has be5 said 9 an able little book ^u ?is subject4 ,pamphlets soon s9k into oblivion4 ,tru? ought n to be lo/2 x %\ld be consign$ to works possess+ durability4 ,assur$ly republics h nev] be5 =m$ on a !oretical pr9ciple ( virtue4 ,! public int]e/ be+ oppos$ to ! dom9ation ( an individual1 ! _s ( self-importance1 & ! ambition ( e p]son1 s]ve to curb ambition & ! incl9ation to rapacity1 :]ev] !y may appe>4 ,! pride ( ea* citiz5 wat*es ov] t ( 8 neighbor1 & no p]son w\ld will+ly be ! slave ( ano!r's caprice4 ,su* are ! feel+s :i* e/abli% republics1 & :i* pres]ve !m4 ,x is ridicul\s to imag9e t !re mu/ be m virtue 9 a ,grison ?an 9 a ,spani>d4 ,t honor c be ! sole pr9ciple ( mon>*ies is a no less *im]ical idea1 & ! au?or %[s x to be s himself1 )\t be+ aw>e ( x4 ,! nature ( honor1 says he1 9 *apt] vii4 ( book iii41 is to dem& pref]5ces & di/9ctions4 ,x1 !re=e1 naturally suits a mon>*ical gov]nm5t4 ,0 x n on ?is same pr9ciple1 t ! ,romans dem&$ ! prtor%ip1 consul%ip1 ovation1 & triumph 9 _! republic8 ,^! 7 pref]5ces & di/9ctions well wor? ! titles & pref]5ces pur*as$ 9 mon>*ies1 & = :i* !re is (t5 a regul> fix$ price4 ,?is rem>k proves1 9 our op9ion1 t ! ,_s ( ,laws1 al?\gh sp>kl+ ) wit1 & comm5dable by its respect = ! laws & hatr$ ( sup]/ition & rap9e1 is f\nd$ entirely ^u false views4 ,let u add1 t x is precisely 9 c\rts t !re is always lea/ honor3 ,l'+ann>e1 il m5tir1 la frode1 il furto1 ,e la rap9a di pict ve/ita1 ,cresc] coi damno e precipizio altrui1 ,e f>e a se de l'altrui biasmo onore1 ,son le virt di quella g5te infid4 --,,pa/or ,,fido1 atto v41 sc5a i4 ,ramp] avec bassesse en affectant l'audace1 ,s'engraiss] de rap9e en atte/ant les lois1 t\ff] en secret son ami qu'on embrasse4 ,voil l'honneur qui rgne la suite des rois4 ,to basely crawl1 yet we> a face ( pride2 ,to rob ! public1 yet o'er law preside2 ,salute a fri5d1 yet /+ 9 ! embrace-- ,su* is ! honor :i* 9 c\rts takes place4 ,inde$1 x is 9 c\rts1 t m5 devoid ( honor (t5 atta9 to ! highe/ dignities2 & x is 9 republics t a kn[n di%onorable citiz5 is seldom tru/$ by ! p ) public conc]ns4 ,! celebrat$ say+ ( ! reg5t1 duke ( ,orleans1 is suffici5t to de/roy ! f\ndation ( ! ,_s ( ,laws3 ,?is is a p]fect c\rti]--he has nei!r temp] nor honor4 ,,humility4 ,philosoph]s h inquir$1 :e!r humility is a virtue2 b virtue or n1 e "o mu/ agree t no?+ is m r>e4 ,! ,greeks call$ x tape9osis or tape9eia4 ,x is /rongly recomm5d$ 9 ! f\r? book ( ! ,laws ( ,plato3 he rejects ! pr\d & w\ld multiply ! humble4 ,epictetus1 9 five places1 prea*es humility3 ,if ?\ passe/ = a p]son ( consequ5ce 9 ! op9ion ( "s p1 di/ru/ ?yself4 ,no lift+ up ( ?y eye-br[s4 ,be no?+ 9 ?9e own eyes--if ?\ seeke/ to please1 ?\ art lo/4 ,give place to all m52 pref] !m to ?yself2 assi/ !m all4 ,we see by ^! maxims t nev] ,capu*9 w5t s f> z ,epictetus4 ,"s !ologians1 :o _h ! mis=tune to be pr\d1 h pret5d$ t humility co/ no?+ to ,epictetus1 :o 0 a slave2 & t he 0 humble by /ation1 z a doctor or a ,jesuit may be pr\d by /ation4 ,b :at w !y say ( ,m>cus ,anton9us1 :o on ! ?rone recomm5d$ humility8 ,he places ,alex&] & 8 mulete] on ! same l9e4 ,he said t ! vanity ( pomp is only a bone ?r[n 9 ! mid/ ( dogs2 t to d good1 & to pati5tly he> himself calumniat$1 con/itute ! virtue ( a k+4 ,?us ! ma/] ( ! kn[n _w recomm5d$ humility2 b propose humility to a musician1 & see h[ he w laugh at ,m>cus ,aurelius4 ,desc>tes1 9 8 treatise on ! ,passions ( ! ,s\l1 places humility among _! numb]1 :o--if we may p]sonify ?is quality--did n expect to be reg>d$ z a passion4 ,he also di/+ui%es betwe5 virtu\s & vici\s humility4 ,b we leave to philosoph]s m enlight5$ ?an ourselves ! c>e ( expla9+ ?is doctr9e1 & w conf9e ourselves to say+1 t humility is ! mode/y ( ! s\l4 ,x is ! antidote to pride4 ,humility c\ld n prev5t ,r\sseau f believ+ t he knew m ( music ?an ^? to :om he taught x2 b x c\ld induce him to believe t he 0 n sup]ior to ,lulli 9 recitative4 ,! rev]5d fa!r ,viret1 cordeli]1 !ologian1 & prea*]1 all humble z he is1 w always firmly believe t he kn[s m ?an ^? :o le>n to read & write2 b 8 ,*ri/ian humility1 8 mode/y ( s\l1 w oblige him to confess 9 ! bottom ( 8 he>t t he has writt5 no?+ b nons5se4 ,oh1 bro!rs ,nonnotte1 ,guyon1 ,pant\illet1 vulg> scribbl]s6 be m humble1 & always be> 9 recollection ! mode/y ( ! s\l4 ,,hypatia4 ,i w suppose t ,madame ,daci] _h be5 ! f9e/ woman 9 ,p>is2 & t 9 ! qu>rel on ! comp>ative m]its ( ! anci5ts & mod]ns1 ! ,c>melites pret5d$ t ! poem ( ! ,magdal51 writt5 by a ,c>melite1 0 inf9itely sup]ior to ,hom]1 & t x 0 an atroci\s impiety to pref] ! ,iliad to ! v]ses ( a monk4 ,i w take ! additional lib]ty ( suppos+ t ! ar*bi%op ( ,p>is took ! "p ( ! ,c>melites aga9/ ! gov]nor ( ! city1 a p>tisan ( ! beautiful ,madame ,daci]1 & t he excit$ ! ,c>melites to massacre ?is f9e woman 9 ! *ur* ( ,notre ,dame1 & to drag h]1 nak$ & bloody1 to ! ,place ,maub]t--w\ld n ev]ybody say t ! ar*bi%op ( ,p>is _h done a v wick$ action1 = :i* he ought to d p5ance8 ,?is is precisely ! hi/ory ( ,hypatia4 ,%e taught ,hom] & ,plato1 9 ,alex&ria1 9 ! "t ( ,!odosius ,,ii4 ,/4 ,cyril inc5s$ ! ,*ri/ian populace aga9/ h]1 z x is relat$ by ,damasius & ,suidas1 & cle>ly prov$ by ! mo/ le>n$ m5 ( ! age1 su* z ,bruk]1 ,la ,croze1 & ,basnage1 z is v judici\sly expos$ 9 ! great ,dictionnaire ,encyclopdique1 9 ! article on clectisme4 ,a man ^: int5tions are no d\bt v good1 has pr9t$ two volumes aga9/ ?is article ( ! ,encyclopdia4 ,two volumes aga9/ two pages1 my fri5ds1 are too mu*4 ,i h told y a hundr$ times y multiply be+ )\t necessity4 ,two l9es aga9/ two volumes w\ld be q suffici5t2 b write n ev5 ^! two l9es4 ,i am cont5t ) rem>k+1 t ,/4 ,cyril 0 a man ( p>ts2 t he suff]$ 8 zeal to c>ry him too f>2 t :5 we /rip beautiful wom51 x is n to massacre !m2 t ,/4 ,cyril1 no d\bt1 ask$ p>don ( ,god = ?is abom9able action2 & t ,i pray ! fa!r ( m]cies to h pity on 8 s\l4 ,he wrote ! two volumes aga9/ clectisme1 also inspires me ) inf9ite commis]ation4 ,,idea4 ,,section ,i4 ,:at is an idea8 ,x is an image pa9t$ ^u my bra94 ,are all y\r ?\ghts1 !n1 images8 ,c]ta9ly2 = ! mo/ ab/ract ?\ghts are only ! consequ5ces ( all ! objects t ,i h p]ceiv$4 ,i utt] ! ^w be+ 9 g5]al1 only because ,i h kn[n p>ticul> be+s2 ,i utt] ! ^w inf9ity1 only because ,i h se5 c]ta9 limits1 & because ,i pu% back ^? limits 9 my m9d to a great] & /ill great] di/ance1 z f> z ,i am able4 ,i h ideas 9 my head only because ,i h images4 ,& :o is ! pa9t] ( ?is picture8 ,x is n myself2 ,i _c draw ) suffici5t skill2 ! be+ t made me1 makes my ideas4 ,& h[ d y "k t ! ideas are n made by y\rself8 ,because !y frequ5tly come to me involunt>ily :5 ,i am awake1 & always )\t my cons5t :5 ,i dream4 ,y are p]suad$1 !n1 t y\r ideas belong to y only 9 ! same mann] z y\r hairs1 :i* gr[ & become :ite1 & fall (f1 )\t y\r hav+ any?+ at all to d ) ! matt]8 ,no?+ c possibly be cle>]2 all t ,i c d is to frizzle1 cut1 & p[d] !m2 b ,i h no?+ to d ) produc+ !m4 ,y mu/1 !n1 ,i imag9e1 be ( ,malebran*e's op9ion1 t we see all 9 ,god8 ,i am at lea/ c]ta9 ( ?is1 t if we d n see ?+s 9 ! ,great ,be+1 we see !m 9 consequ5ce ( ,8 p[]ful & imm$iate action4 ,& :at 0 ! nature or process ( ?is action8 ,i h already told y repeat$ly1 9 ! c\rse ( our conv]sation1 t ,i d n "k a s+le syllable ab\t ! subject1 & t ,god has n communicat$ ,8 secret to any "o4 ,i am completely ignorant ( t :i* makes my he>t beat1 & my blood fl[ ?r\gh my ve9s2 ,i am ignorant ( ! pr9ciple ( all my movem5ts1 & yet y seem to expect h[ ,i %\ld expla9 h[ ,i feel & h[ ,i ?9k4 ,su* an expectation is unreasonable4 ,b y at lea/ "k :e!r y\r faculty ( hav+ ideas is jo9$ to ext5sion8 ,n 9 ! lea/2 ,x is true t ,tatian1 9 8 disc\rse to ! ,greeks1 says ! s\l is evid5tly compos$ ( a body4 ,ir5u1 9 ! tw5ty-six? *apt] ( 8 second book1 says1 ,! ,"l has taught t our s\ls pres]ve ! figure ( our body 9 ord] to reta9 ! memory ( x4 ,t]tullian ass]ts1 9 8 second book on ! s\l1 t x is a body4 ,arnobius1 ,lactantius1 ,hil>y1 ,gregory ( ,nyssa1 & ,ambrose1 are precisely ( ! same op9ion4 ,x is pret5d$ t o!r fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* ass]t t ! s\l is )\t ext5sion1 & t 9 ?is respect !y adopt ! op9ion ( ,plato2 ?is1 h[ev]1 may well be d\bt$4 ,) respect to myself1 ,i d>e n v5ture to =m an op9ion2 ,i see no?+ b obscurity & incompreh5sibility 9 ei!r sy/em2 &1 aft] a :ole life's m$itation on ! subject1 ,i am n advanc$ a s+le /ep beyond :]e ,i 0 on ! fir/ day4 ,! subject1 !n1 0 n wor? ?9k+ ab\t8 ,t is true2 ! man :o enjoys kn[s m ( x1 or at lea/ kn[s x bett]1 ?an he :o reflects2 he is m happy4 ,b :at is x t y w\ld h8 ,x dep5d$ n1 ,i repeat1 ^u myself :e!r ,i %\ld admit or reject all ^? ideas :i* h cr[d$ into my bra9 9 conflict ) ea* o!r1 & actually conv]t$ my m$ull>y magaz9e into _! field ( battle4 ,aft] a h>d-f\ght conte/ betwe5 !m1 ,i h obta9$ no?+ b unc]ta9ty f ! spoils4 ,x is a melan*oly ?+ to possess s _m ideas1 & yet to h no precise k ( ! nature ( ideas8 ,x is1 ,i admit2 b x is mu* m melan*oly1 & inexpressibly m fooli%1 = a man to believe he kn[s :at 9 fact he does n4 ,b1 if y d n positively "k :at an idea is1 if y are ignorant :5ce ideas come1 y at lea/ "k by :at !y come8 ,yes2 j 9 ! same way z ! anci5t ,egyptians1 :o1 )\t kn[+ ! s\rce ( ! ,nile1 knew p]fectly well t its wat]s rea*$ !m by its b$4 ,we "k p]fectly t ideas come to u by ! s5ses2 b we nev] "k :5ce !y come4 ,! s\rce ( ?is ,nile w nev] be discov]$4 ,if x is c]ta9 t all ideas are giv5 by means ( ! s5ses1 :y does ! ,sorbonne1 :i* has s long adopt$ ?is doctr9e f ,ari/otle1 condemn x ) s mu* virul5ce 9 ,helvetius8 ,because ! ,sorbonne is compos$ ( !ologians4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,all 9 ,god4 ,9 ,god we live & move & h our be+4 --,,/4 ,,paul1 ,acts xvii1 #bh4 ,aratus1 :o is ?us quot$ & approv$ by ,/4 ,paul1 made ?is confession ( fai?1 we p]ceive among ! ,greeks4 ,! virtu\s ,cato says ! same ?+3 ,jupit] e/ quodcumque vides quocumque mov]is4--,lucan's ,ph>salia ix1 #ehj4 ,:ate'er we see1 :ate'er we feel1 is ,jove4 ,malebran*e is ! comm5tator on ,aratus1 ,/4 ,paul1 & ,cato4 ,he succe$$1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 9 %[+ ! errors ( ! s5ses & imag9ation2 b :5 he attempt$ to develop ! gr& sy/em1 t all is 9 ,god1 all 8 read]s decl>$ ! comm5t>y to be m obscure ?an ! text4 ,9 %ort1 hav+ plung$ into ?is abyss1 8 head became bewild]$2 he held conv]sations ) ! ,^w2 he 0 made acqua9t$ ) :at ! ,^w _h done 9 o!r planets2 he became1 9 tru?1 absolutely mad2 a circum/ance well calculat$ to excite appreh5sion 9 our own m9ds1 apt z we "s ( u are to attempt so>+1 ^u our weak & puny op9ions1 v f> beyond our rea*4 ,9 ord] to compreh5d ! notion ( ,malebran*e1 su* z he held x :ile he reta9$ 8 faculties1 we mu/ admit no?+ t we d n cle>ly conceive1 & reject :at we d n und]/&4 ,attempt+ to expla9 an obscurity by obscurities1 is to act l an idiot4 ,i feel decid$ly t my fir/ ideas & my s5sations h come to me )\t any co-op]ation or volition on my "p4 ,i cle>ly see t ,i _c give myself a s+le idea4 ,i _c give myself any?+4 ,i h receiv$ ev]y?+4 ,! objects :i* surr\nd me _c1 ( !mselves1 give me ei!r idea or s5sation2 = h[ is x possible = a little p>ticle ( matt] to possess ! faculty ( produc+ a ?\ght8 ,i am !re=e irresi/ibly l$ to conclude t ! ,et]nal ,be+1 :o be/[s ev]y?+1 gives me my ideas1 9 :atev] mann] ?is may be done4 ,b :at is an idea1 :at is a s5sation1 a volition1 etc48 ,x is myself p]ceiv+1 myself feel+1 myself will+4 ,we see1 9 %ort1 t :at is call$ an idea is no m a real be+ ?an !re is a real be+ call$ motion1 al?\gh !re are bodies mov$4 ,9 ! same mann] !re is n any p>ticul> be+ call$ memory1 imag9ation1 judgm5t2 b we ourselves rememb]1 imag9e1 & judge4 ,! tru? ( all ?is1 x mu/ be all[$1 is suffici5tly pla9 & trite2 b x is necess>y to repeat & inculcate su* tru?1 z ! opposite errors are m trite /ill4 ,laws ( ,nature4 ,h[1 let u n[ ask1 w\ld ! ,et]nal ,be+1 :o =m$ all1 produce all ^? v>i\s modes or qualities :i* we p]ceive 9 organiz$ bodies8 ,did ,he introduce two be+s 9 a gra9 ( :eat1 "o ( :i* %\ld produce g]m9ation 9 ! o!r8 ,did ,he introduce two be+s 9 ! composition ( a /ag1 "o ( :i* %\ld produce swiftness 9 ! o!r8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,all t we "k on ! subject is t ! gra9 is end[$ ) ! faculty ( vegetat+1 & ! /ag ) t ( spe$4 ,!re is evid5tly a gr& ma!matical pr9ciple direct+ all nature1 & affect+ ev]y?+ produc$4 ,! fly+ ( birds1 ! swimm+ ( fi%es1 ! walk+ or runn+ ( quadrup$s1 are visible effects ( kn[n laws ( motion4 ,m5s agitat molem4 ,c ! s5sations & ideas ( ^? animals1 !n1 be any?+ m ?an ! admirable effects or ma!matical laws m ref9$ & less obvi\s8 ,organisation ( ! ,s5ses & ,ideas4 ,x is by ^! g5]al & compreh5sive laws t e animal is impell$ to seek its appropriate food4 ,we are naturally1 !re=e1 l$ to conjecture t !re is a law by :i* x has ! idea ( ?is food1 & )\t :i* x w\ld n g 9 se>* ( x4 ,! et]nal intellig5ce has made all ! actions ( an animal dep5d ^u a c]ta9 pr9ciple2 ! et]nal intellig5ce1 !re=e1 has made ! s5sations :i* cause ^? actions dep5d on ! same pr9ciple4 ,w\ld ! au?or ( nature h dispos$ & adju/$ ^? admirable in/rum5ts1 ! s5ses1 ) s div9e a skill2 w\ld he h exhibit$ su* a/oni%+ adaptation betwe5 ! eyes & light2 betwe5 ! atmosph]e & ! e>s1 _h x1 aft] all1 be5 necess>y to call 9 ! assi/ance ( o!r ag5cy to complete 8 "w8 ,nature always acts by ! %orte/ ways4 ,protract$ processes indicate want ( skill2 multiplicity ( spr+s1 & complexity ( co-op]ation are ! result ( weakness4 ,we _c b believe1 !re=e1 t "o ma9 spr+ regulates ! :ole sy/em4 ,! ,great ,be+ ,does ,ev]y?+4 ,n m]ely are we unable to give ourselves s5sations1 we _c ev5 imag9e any beyond ^? :i* we h actually exp]i5c$4 ,let all ! academies ( ,europe propose a premium = him :o %all imag9e a new s5se2 no "o w ev] ga9 t premium4 ,we c d no?+1 !n1 ( our m]e selves1 :e!r !re be an invisible & intangible be+ enclos$ 9 our bra9 or diffus$ ?r\gh\t our body1 or :e!r !re be n2 & x mu/ be admitt$1 ^u e sy/em1 t ! au?or ( nature has giv5 u all t we possess--organs1 s5sations1 & ! ideas :i* proce$ f !m4 ,z we are ?us secur$ "u ,8 =m+ h&1 ,malebran*e1 not)/&+ all 8 errors1 _h reason to say philosophically1 t we are 9 ,god & t we see all 9 ,god2 z ,/4 ,paul us$ ! same language 9 a !ological s5se1 & ,aratus & ,cato 9 a moral "o4 ,:at !n are we to und]/& by ! words see+ all 9 ,god8 ,!y are ei!r words de/itute ( mean+1 or !y mean t ,god gives u all our ideas4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( receiv+ an idea8 ,we d n create x :5 we receive x2 x is n1 !re=e1 s unphilosophical z has be5 ?\ght1 to say x is ,god :o produces ! ideas 9 my head1 z x is ,he :o produces motion 9 my :ole body4 ,ev]y?+ is an op]ation ( ,god ^u ,8 creatures4 ,h[ is ,ev]y?+ an ,action ( ,god8 ,!re is 9 nature only "o univ]sal1 et]nal1 & active pr9ciple4 ,!re _c be two su* pr9ciples2 = !y w\ld ei!r be alike or diff]5t4 ,if !y are diff]5t1 !y de/roy "o ano!r2 if !y are alike1 x is ! same z if !y 7 only "o4 ,! unity ( design1 visible ?r\gh ! gr& :ole 9 all its inf9ite v>iety1 ann\nces "o s+le pr9ciple1 & t pr9ciple mu/ act ^u all be+1 or x ceases to be a univ]sal op9ion4 ,if x acts ^u all be+1 x acts ^u all ! modes ( all be+4 ,!re is n1 !re=e1 a s+le remnant1 a s+le mode1 a s+le idea1 :i* is n ! imm$iate effect ( a univ]sal cause p]petually pres5t4 ,! matt] ( ! univ]se1 !re=e1 belongs to ,god1 z mu* z ! ideas & ! ideas z mu* z ! matt]4 ,to say t any?+ is out ( ,him w\ld be say+ t !re is some?+ out ( ! va/ :ole4 ,god be+ ! univ]sal pr9ciple ( all ?+s1 all1 !re=e1 exi/s 9 ,him1 & by ,him4 ,! sy/em includes t ( physical premotion1 b 9 ! same mann] z an imm5se :eel includes a small "o t endeavors to fly (f f x4 ,! pr9ciple :i* we h j be5 unfold+ is too va/ to admit ( any p>ticul> & detail$ view4 ,physical premotion occupies ! great supreme ) all ! *ang+ vag>ies :i* take place 9 ! head ( an individual ,jans5i/ or ,mol9i/2 we1 on ! contr>y1 occupy ! ,be+ ( ,be+s only ) ! gr& & g5]al laws ( ! univ]se4 ,physical premotion makes five propositions a matt] ( att5tion & occupation to ,god1 :i* int]e/ only "s lay-si/]1 ! sweep] ( a conv5t2 :ile we attribute to ,him employm5t ( ! mo/ simple & important description--! arrangem5t ( ! :ole sy/em ( ! univ]se4 ,physical premotion is f\nd$ ^u t subtle & truly ,grecian pr9ciple1 t if a ?9k+ be+ c give himself an idea1 he w\ld augm5t 8 exi/5ce2 b we d n1 = our p>ts1 "k :at is meant by augm5t+ our be+4 ,we compreh5d no?+ ab\t ! matt]4 ,we say t a ?9k+ be+ might give himself new modes )\t add+ to 8 exi/5ce2 j 9 ! same mann] z :5 we dance1 our slid+ /eps & cross+s & attitudes give u no new exi/5ce2 & to suppose !y d s w\ld appe> completely absurd4 ,we agree only s f> 9 ! sy/em ( physical premotion1 t we are conv9c$ we give ourselves no?+4 ,bo? ! sy/em ( premotion & our own are abus$1 z depriv+ m5 ( _! lib]ty4 ,god =bid we %\ld advocate su* deprivation4 ,to d away ) ?is imputation1 x is only necess>y to und]/& ! mean+ ( ! ^w lib]ty4 ,we %all speak ( x 9 its prop] place2 & 9 ! meantime ! _w w g on z x has gone on hi!rto1 )\t ! ,?omi/s or _! oppon5ts1 or all ! disputants 9 ! _w1 hav+ any p[] to *ange x4 ,9 ! same mann] we %all always h ideas1 )\t precisely kn[+ :at an idea is4 ,,id5tity4 ,?is sci5tific t]m signifies no m ?an ! same ?+4 ,x might be correctly translat$ by sam5ess4 ,?is subject is ( consid]ably m int]e/ ?an may be imag9$4 ,all agree t ! guilty p]son only ought to be puni%$--! individual p]petrator1 & no o!r4 ,b a man fifty ye>s ( age is n 9 reality ! same individual z ! man ( tw5ty2 he reta9s no long] any ( ! p>ts :i* !n =m$ 8 body2 & if he has lo/ ! memory ( pa/ ev5ts1 x is c]ta9 t !re is no?+ left to unite 8 actual exi/5ce to an exi/5ce :i* to him is lo/4 ,i am ! same p]son only by ! consci\sness ( :at ,i h be5 comb9$ ) t ( :at ,i am2 ,i h no consci\sness ( my pa/ be+ b ?r\gh memory2 memory alone1 !re=e1 e/abli%es ! id5tity1 ! sam5ess ( my p]son4 ,we may1 9 tru?1 be naturally & aptly resembl$ to a riv]1 all ^: wat]s pass away 9 p]petual *ange & fl[4 ,x is ! same riv] z to its b$1 its banks1 its s\rce1 its m\?1 ev]y?+1 9 %ort1 t is n itself2 b *ang+ e mom5t its wat]s1 :i* con/itute its v be+1 x has no id5tity2 !re is no sam5ess belong+ to ! riv]4 ,7 !re ano!r ,x]xes l him :o la%$ ! ,hellespont = disob$i5ce1 & ord]$ = x a pair ( h&cuffs2 & 7 ! son ( ?is ,x]xes to be dr[n$ 9 ! ,euphrates1 & ! fa!r desir\s ( puni%+ t riv] = ! dea? ( 8 son1 ! ,euphrates might v reasonably say 9 its v9dication3 ,blame ! waves t 7 roll+ on at ! "t y\r son 0 ba?+2 ^? waves belong n to me1 & =m no "p ( me2 !y h pass$ on to ! ,p]sian ,gulf2 a "p is mix$ ) ! salt wat] ( t sea1 & ano!r "p1 exhal$ 9 vapor1 has be5 impell$ by a s\?-ea/ w9d to ,gaul1 & be5 incorporat$ ) endives & lettuces1 :i* ! ,gauls h s9ce us$ 9 _! salads2 seize ! culprit :]e y c f9d him4 ,x is ! same ) a tree1 a bran* ( :i* brok5 by ! w9d might h fractur$ ! skull ( y\r great gr&fa!r4 ,x is no long] ! same tree2 all its p>ts h giv5 way to o!rs4 ,! bran* :i* kill$ y\r great gr&fa!r is no "p ( ?is tree2 x exi/s no long]4 ,x has be5 ask$1 !n1 h[ a man1 :o has totally lo/ 8 memory be=e 8 dea?1 & ^: memb]s h be5 *ang$ into o!r sub/ances1 c be puni%$ = 8 faults or rew>d$ = 8 virtues :5 he is no long] himself8 ,i h read 9 a well kn[n book ! foll[+ "q & answ]3 ,"q4 ,h[ c ,i be ei!r rew>d$ or puni%$ :5 ,i %all no long] exi/2 :5 !re w be no?+ rema9+ ( t :i* con/itut$ my p]son8 ,x is only by means ( memory t ,i am always myself2 aft] my dea?1 a miracle w be necess>y to re/ore x to me--to enable me to re5t] ^u my lo/ exi/5ce4 ,answ]4 ,t is j z mu* z to say t if a pr9ce _h put to dea? 8 :ole family1 9 ord] to reign himself1 & if he _h tyranniz$ ov] 8 subjects ) ! mo/ wanton cruelty1 he w\ld be exempt$ f puni%m5t on plead+ be=e ,god1 ',i am n ! (f5d]2 ,i h lo/ my memory2 y are "u a mi/ake2 ,i am no long] ! same p]son4' ,d y ?9k ?is sophism w\ld pass ) ,god8 ,?is answ] is a highly comm5dable "o2 b x does n completely solve ! difficulty4 ,x w\ld be necess>y = ?is purpose1 9 ! fir/ place1 to "k :e!r und]/&+ & s5sation are a faculty giv5 by ,god to man1 or a creat$ sub/ance2 a "q :i* philosophy is too weak & unc]ta9 to decide4 ,x is necess>y 9 ! next place to "k :e!r1 if ! s\l be a sub/ance & has lo/ all k ( ! evil x has committ$1 & be1 moreov]1 z p]fect a /rang] to :at x has done ) its own body1 z to all ! o!r bodies ( our univ]se--:e!r1 9 ^! circum/ances1 x c or %\ld1 accord+ to our mann] ( reason+1 answ] 9 ano!r univ]se = actions ( :i* x has n ! slighte/ k2 :e!r1 9 fact1 a miracle w\ld n be necess>y to imp>t to ?is s\l ! recollection x no long] possesses1 to r5d] x consci\sly pres5t to ! crimes :i* h become oblit]at$ & annihilat$ 9 its m9d1 & make x ! same p]son t x 0 on e>?2 or :e!r ,god w judge x ne>ly 9 ! same way 9 :i* ! presid5ts ( human tribunals proce$1 condemn+ a crim9al1 al?\gh he may h completely =gott5 ! crimes he has actually committ$4 ,he rememb]s !m no long]2 b !y are rememb]$ = him2 he is puni%$ = ! sake ( ! example4 ,b ,god _c puni% a man aft] 8 dea? ) a view to 8 be+ an example to ! liv+4 ,no liv+ man kn[s :e!r ! deceas$ is condemn$ or absolv$4 ,god1 !re=e1 c puni% him only because he *]i%$ & accompli%$ evil desires2 b if1 :5 aft] dea? he pres5ts himself be=e ! tribunal ( ,god1 he no long] ent]ta9s any su* desire2 if = a p]iod ( tw5ty ye>s he has totally =gott5 t he did ent]ta9 su*2 if he is no long] 9 any respect ! same p]son2 :at is x t ,god w puni% 9 him8 ,^! are que/ions :i* appe> beyond ! compass ( ! human und]/&+1 & !re seems to exi/ a necessity1 9 ^! intricacies & labyr9?s1 ( recurr+ to fai? alone1 :i* is always our la/ asylum4 ,lucretius _h p>tly felt ^! difficulties1 :5 9 8 ?ird book 7v]ses #hij-ia7 he describes a man trembl+ at ! idea ( :at w happ5 to him :5 he w no long] be ! same man3 ,nec radicitus e vita se tollit et evit2 ,s$ facit esse sui quiddam sup] inscius ipse4 ,b ,lucretius is n ! oracle to be address$1 9 ord] to obta9 any discov]ies ( ! future4 ,! celebrat$ ,tol&1 :o wrote 8 own epitaph1 conclud$ x ) ^! words3 ,idem futurus ,tol&us nunquam--,he w nev] aga9 be ! same ,tol&4 ,h[ev]1 x may be presum$ t ,god w\ld h well kn[n h[ to f9d & re/ore him1 _h su* be5 8 good pleasure2 & x is to be presum$1 also1 t ! be+ :o necess>ily exi/s1 is necess>ily good4 ,,idol--,,idolat]--,,idolatry4 ,,section ,i4 ,idol is d]iv$ f ! ,greek ^w eidos1 figure2 eidolos1 ! repres5tation ( a figure1 & latreue91 to s]ve1 rev]e1 or adore4 ,x does n appe> t !re 0 ev] any p on e>? :o took ! "n ( idolat]s4 ,?is ^w is an (f5ce1 an insult+ t]m1 l t ( gava*e1 :i* ! ,spani>ds =m]ly gave to ! ,fr5*2 & t ( m>anes1 :i* ! ,fr5* gave to ! ,spani>ds 9 return4 ,if we _h dem&$ ( ! s5ate ( ! ,areopagus ( ,a!ns1 or at ! c\rt ( ! k+s ( ,p]sia3 ,are y idolat]s8 !y w\ld sc>cely h und]/ood ! "q4 ,none w\ld h answ]$3 ,we adore images & idols4 ,?is ^w1 idolat]1 idolatry1 is f\nd nei!r 9 ,hom]1 ,hesiod1 ,h]odotus1 nor any o!r au?or ( ! religion ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,!re 0 nev] any edict1 any law1 :i* comm&$ t idols %\ld be ador$2 t !y %\ld be treat$ z gods & reg>d$ z gods4 ,:5 ! ,roman & ,c>?ag9ian capta9s made a treaty1 !y call$ all _! gods to witness4 ,x is 9 _! pres5ce1 said !y1 t we swe> peace4 ,yet ! /atues ( ^! gods1 ^: numb] 0 v great1 7 n 9 ! t5ts ( ! g5]als4 ,!y reg>d$1 or pret5d$ to reg>d1 ! gods z pres5t at ! actions ( m5 z witnesses & judges4 ,& assur$ly x 0 n ! image :i* con/itut$ ! div9ity4 ,9 :at view1 !re=e1 did !y see ! /atues ( _! false gods 9 ! temples8 ,) ! same view1 if we may s express ourselves1 t ! ,ca?olics see ! images1 ! object ( _! v5]ation4 ,! error 0 n 9 ador+ a piece ( wood or m>ble1 b 9 ador+ a false div9ity1 repres5t$ by ?is wood & m>ble4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 !m & ! ,ca?olics is1 n t !y _h images1 & ! ,ca?olics _h none2 ! diff]5ce is1 t _! images repres5t$ ! fanta/ic be+s ( a false religion1 & t ! ,*ri/ian images repres5t real be+s 9 a true religion4 ,! ,greeks _h ! /atue ( ,h]cules1 & we h t ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph]2 !y _h sculapius & 8 goat1 we h ,/4 ,ro* & 8 dog2 !y _h ,m>s & 8 lance1 & we h ,/4 ,an?ony ( ,padua & ,/4 ,james ( ,compo/ella4 ,:5 ! consul ,pl9y addresses pray]s to ! immortal gods 9 ! exordium ( ! panegyric ( ,trajan1 x is n to images t he addresses !m4 ,^! images 7 n immortal4 ,nei!r ! late/ nor ! mo/ remote times ( paganism (f] a s+le fact :i* c lead to ! conclusion t !y ador$ idols4 ,hom] speaks only ( ! gods :o inhabit$ ! high ,olympus4 ,! palladium1 al?\gh fall5 f heav51 0 only a sacr$ tok5 ( ! protection ( ,pallas2 x 0 h]self t 0 v5]at$ 9 ! palladium4 ,x 0 our amp\le1 or holy oil4 ,b ! ,romans & ,greeks knelt be=e _! /atues1 gave !m cr[ns1 inc5se1 & fl[]s1 & c>ri$ !m 9 triumph 9 ! public places4 ,! ,ca?olics h sanctifi$ ^! cu/oms1 & yet are n call$ idolat]s4 ,! wom5 9 times ( dr\? c>ri$ ! /atues ( ! ,gods aft] hav+ fa/$4 ,!y walk$ b>efoot$ ) di%evell$ hair1 & x quickly ra9$ bucketfuls1 says ,pretonius3 ,et /atim urceatim pluebat4 ,has n ?is cu/om be5 consecrat$2 illegitimate inde$ among ! ,g5tiles1 b legitimate among ! ,ca?olics8 ,9 h[ _m t[ns are n images c>ri$ to obta9 ! bless+s ( heav5 ?r\gh _! int]cession8 ,if a ,turk1 or a le>n$ ,*9ese1 7 a witness ( ^! c]emonies1 he w\ld1 ?r\gh ignorance1 accuse ! ,italians ( putt+ _! tru/ 9 ! figures :i* !y ?us prom5ade 9 possession4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,exam9ation ( ! ,anci5t ,idolatry4 ,f ! "t ( ,*>les ,i41 ! ,ca?olic religion 0 decl>$ idolatr\s 9 ,engl&4 ,all ! ,presbyt]ians are p]suad$ t ! ,ca?olics adore bread1 :i* !y eat1 & figures1 :i* are ! "w ( _! sculptors & pa9t]s4 ,) t :i* "o "p ( ,europe reproa*es ! ,ca?olics1 !y !mselves reproa* ! ,g5tiles4 ,we are surpris$ at ! prodigi\s numb] ( declamations utt]$ 9 all times aga9/ ! idolatry ( ! ,romans & ,greeks2 & we are aft]w>ds /ill m surpris$ :5 we see t !y 7 n idolat]s4 ,!y _h "s temples m privileg$ ?an o!rs4 ,! great ,diana ( ,ephesus _h m reputation ?an a village ,diana4 ,!re 7 m miracles p]=m$ 9 ! temple ( sculapius at ,epidaurus1 ?an 9 any o!r ( 8 temples4 ,! /atue ( ! ,olympian ,jupit] attract$ m (f]+s ?an t ( ! ,paphlagonian ,jupit]4 ,b to oppose ! cu/oms ( a true religion to ^? ( a false "o1 h we n = sev]al ages _h m devotion to c]ta9 alt>s ?an to o!rs8 ,has n ,our ,lady ( ,loretto be5 pref]r$ to ,our ,lady ( ,neiges1 to t ( ,ard5s1 ( ,hall1 etc48 ,t is n say+ !re is m virtue 9 a /atue at ,loretto ?an 9 a /atue ( ! village ( ,hall1 b we h felt m devotion to ! "o ?an to ! o!r2 we h believ$ t %e :om we invok$1 at ! feet ( h] /atues1 w\ld condesc5d1 f ! height ( heav51 to diffuse m favors & to "w m miracles 9 ,loretto ?an 9 ,hall4 ,?is multiplicity ( images ( ! same p]son also proves t x is ! images t we rev]e1 & t ! wor%ip relates to ! p]son :o is repres5t$2 = x is n possible t e image c be ! same ?+4 ,!re are a ?\s& images ( ,/4 ,francis1 :i* h no resemblance to him1 & :i* d n resemble "o ano!r2 & all indicate a s+le ,sa9t ,francis1 invok$1 on ! day ( 8 fea/1 by ^? :o are devot$ to ?is sa9t4 ,x 0 precisely ! same ) ! pagans1 :o suppos$ ! exi/5ce only ( a s+le div9ity1 a s+le ,apollo1 & n z _m ,apollos & ,dianas z !y _h temples & /atues4 ,x is !re=e prov$1 z mu* z hi/ory c prove any?+1 t ! anci5ts believ$ n ! /atue to be a div9ity2 t wor%ip 0 n paid to ?is /atue or image1 & consequ5tly t !y 7 n idolat]s4 ,x is = u to asc]ta9 h[ f> ! imputation has be5 a m]e pretext to accuse !m ( idolatry4 ,a gross & sup]/iti\s populace :o reason n1 & :o "k nei!r h[ to d\bt1 d5y1 or believe2 :o visit ! temples out ( idl5ess1 & because ! l[ly are !re equal to ! great2 :o make _! contributions because x is ! cu/om2 :o speak cont9ually ( miracles )\t exam9+ any ( !m2 & :o are v little 9 po9t ( intellect beyond ! brutes :om !y sacrifice--su* a p1 ,i repeat1 9 ! sight ( ! great ,diana1 or ( ,jupit] ! ,?und]]1 may well be seiz$ ) a religi\s horror1 & adore1 )\t consci\sness1 ! /atue itself4 ,?is is :at happ5s n[ & !n1 9 our own *ur*es1 to our ignorant peasantry1 :o1 h[ev]1 are in=m$ t x is ! bless$ mortals receiv$ into heav5 ^: int]cession !y solicit1 & n t ( images ( wood & /one4 ,! ,greeks & ,romans augm5t ! numb] ( _! gods by _! apo!oses4 ,! ,greeks deifi$ conqu]ors l ,bac*us1 ,h]cules1 & ,p]seus4 ,rome devot$ alt>s to h] emp]ors4 ,our apo!oses are ( a diff]5t k9d2 we h inf9itely m sa9ts ?an !y h second>y gods1 b we pay respect nei!r to rank nor to conque/4 ,we consecrate temples to ! simply virtu\s1 :o w\ld h be5 unkn[n on e>? if !y _h n be5 plac$ 9 heav54 ,! apo!oses ( ! anci5ts 7 ! effect ( flatt]y1 ours are produc$ by a respect = virtue4 ,cic]o1 9 8 philosophical works1 only all[s ( a suspicion t ! p may mi/ake ! /atues ( ! gods & conf\nd !m ) ! gods !mselves4 ,8 int]locutors attack ! e/abli%$ religion1 b none ( !m ?9k ( accus+ ! ,romans ( tak+ m>ble & brass = div9ities4 ,lucretius accuses no p]son ( ?is /upidity1 al?\gh he reproa*es ! sup]/iti\s ( e class4 ,?is op9ion1 !re=e1 has nev] exi/$2 !re nev] h be5 idolat]s4 ,horace causes an image ( ,priapus to speak1 & makes him say3 ,i 0 once ! trunk ( a fig tree1 & a c>p5t] be+ d\btful :e!r he %\ld make ( me a god or a b5*1 at l5g? det]m9$ to make me a div9ity4 ,:at are we to ga!r f ?is pleasantry8 ,priapus 0 "o ( ! subalt]n div9ities1 & a subject ( raill]y = ! wits1 & ?is pleasantry is a tol]able pro( t a figure plac$ 9 ! g>d5 to fright5 away ! birds c\ld n be v pr(\ndly wor%ipp$4 ,daci]1 giv+ way to ! _s ( a comm5tator1 obs]ves t ,b>u* pr$ict$ ?is adv5ture4 ,!y became :at ! workm5 *ose to make !m3 b might n ?is be obs]v$ ( all /atues8 ,_h ,b>u* a vision>y anticipation ( ! ,satires ( ,horace8 ,a block ( m>ble may z well be hewn into a ci/]n1 z into a figure ( ,alex&]1 ,jupit]1 or any be+ /ill m respectable4 ,! matt] :i* compos$ ! *]ubim ( ! ,holy ( ,holies might h be5 equally appropriat$ to ! vile/ functions4 ,is a ?rone or alt> ! less rev]$ because x might h be5 =m$ into a kit*5 table8 ,daci]1 in/ead ( conclud+ t ! ,romans ador$ ! /atue ( ,priapus1 & t ,b>u* pr$ict$ x1 %\ld h p]ceiv$ t ! ,romans laugh$ at x4 ,consult all ! au?ors :o speak ( ! /atues ( ! gods1 y w n f9d "o ( !m allude to idolatry2 _! te/imony am\nts to ! express contr>y4 ,x is n ! workman1 says ,m>tial1 :o makes ! gods1 b he :o prays to !m4 ,qui f9xit sacros auro vel m>more vultus ,non facit ille deos1 qui rogat ille facit4 ,x is ,jove :om we adore 9 ! image ( ,jove1 writes ,ovid3 ,colitur pro ,jove1 =ma ,jovis4 ,! gods inhabit our m9ds & bosoms1 obs]ves ,/atius1 & n images 9 ! =m ( !m3 ,nulla autem effigies1 nulli commissa metallo4 ,=ma ,dei1 m5tes habit>e et pectora gaudet4 ,lucan1 too1 calls ! univ]se ! abode & empire ( ,god3 ,e/ne ,dei1 s$es1 nisi t]ra1 et pontus1 et a]8 ,a volume might be fill$ ) passages ass]t+ idols to be images alone4 ,!re rema9s b ! case 9 :i* /atues became oracles2 notions t might h l$ to an op9ion t !re 0 some?+ div9e ab\t !m4 ,! pr$om9ant s5tim5t1 h[ev]1 0 t ! gods _h *os5 to visit c]ta9 alt>s & images1 9 ord] to give audi5ce to mortals1 & to reply to !m4 ,we read 9 ,hom] & 9 ! *orus ( ! ,greek trag$ies1 ( pray]s to ,apollo1 :o deliv]$ 8 responses on ! m\nta9s 9 su* a temple1 or su* a t[n4 ,!re is n1 9 all antiquity1 ! lea/ trace ( a pray] address$ to a /atue2 & if x 0 believ$ t ! div9e _s pref]r$ c]ta9 temples & images1 z he pref]r$ c]ta9 m51 x 0 simply an error 9 application4 ,h[ _m miracul\s images h we8 ,! anci5ts only boa/$ ( possess+ :at we possess1 & if we are n idolat]s = us+ images1 by :at correct pr9ciple c we t]m !m s8 ,^? :o pr(ess magic1 & :o ei!r believe1 or affect to believe x1 a sci5ce1 pret5d to possess ! secret ( mak+ ! gods desc5d into _! /atues1 n inde$1 ! sup]ior gods1 b ! second>y gods or g5ii4 ,?is is :at ,h]mes ,trismegi/us calls mak+ gods--a doctr9e :i* is controv]t$ by ,/4 ,augu/9e 9 8 ,city ( ,god4 ,b ev5 ?is cle>ly %[s t ! images 7 n ?\ght to possess any?+ div9e1 s9ce x requir$ a magician to animate !m1 & x happ5$ v r>ely t a magician 0 successful 9 ^! sublime endeavors4 ,9 a ^w1 ! images ( ! gods 7 n gods4 ,jupit]1 & n 8 /atue1 laun*$ 8 ?und]bolts2 x 0 n ! /atue ( ,neptune :i* /irr$ up tempe/s1 nor t ( ,apollo :i* be/[$ light4 ,! ,greeks & ! ,romans 7 ,g5tiles & ,poly!i/s1 b n idolat]s4 ,we lavi%$ ?is reproa* ^u !m :5 we _h nei!r /atues nor temples1 & h cont9u$ ! inju/ice ev5 aft] hav+ employ$ pa9t+ & sculpture to honor & repres5t our tru?s1 precisely 9 ! same mann] 9 :i* ^? we reproa* employ$ !m to honor & p]sonify _! fiction4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,:e!r ! ,p]sians1 ! ,sabans1 ! ,egyptians1 ! ,t>t>s1 or ! ,turks1 h be5 ,idolat]s1 & ! ,ext5t ( ! ,antiquity ( ! ,images ,call$ ,idols--,hi/ory ( ,_! ,wor%ip4 ,x is a great error to d5om9ate ^? idolat]s :o wor%ip ! sun & ! />s4 ,^! nations = a long "t _h nei!r images nor temples4 ,if !y 7 wrong1 x 0 9 r5d]+ to ! />s t :i* belong$ only to ! creator ( ! />s4 ,moreov]1 ! dogma ( ,zoroa/]1 or ,z]du%t1 tea*es a ,supreme ,be+1 an av5g] & rew>d]1 :i* op9ion is v di/ant f idolatry4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ,*9a possesses no idol1 b has always pres]v$ ! simple wor%ip ( ! ma/] ( heav51 ,ki5-ti54 ,g5ghis ,khan1 among ! ,t>t>s1 0 n an idolat]1 & us$ no images4 ,! ,mahometans1 :o inhabit ,greece1 ,asia ,m9or1 ,syria1 ,p]sia1 ,india1 & ,africa1 call ! ,*ri/ians idolat]s & gia\rs1 because !y imag9e t ,*ri/ians wor%ip images4 ,!y break ! /atues :i* !y f9d 9 ,sancta ,sophia1 ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,apo/les2 & o!rs !y conv]t into mosques4 ,appe>ances h deceiv$ !m1 z !y are et]nally deceiv+ man1 & h l$ !m to believe t *ur*es d$icat$ to sa9ts :o 7 =m]ly m51 images ( sa9ts wor%ipp$ kneel+1 & miracles work$ 9 ^! *ur*es1 are inv9cible pro(s ( absolute idolatry2 al?\gh all am\nt to no?+4 ,*ri/ians1 9 fact1 adore "o ,god only1 & ev5 9 ! bless$1 only rev]e ! virtues ( ,god manife/$ 9 !m4 ,! image-break]s 7iconocla/s71 & ! ,prote/ants1 :o reproa* ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ) idolatry1 claim ! same answ]4 ,z m5 r>ely =m precise ideas1 & /ill less express !m ) precision1 we call ! ,g5tiles1 & /ill m ! ,poly!i/s1 idolat]s4 ,an imm5se numb] ( volumes h be5 writt5 9 ord] to develop ! v>i\s op9ions ^u ! orig9 ( ! wor%ip r5d]$ to ! deity4 ,?is multitude ( books & op9ions proves no?+1 except ignorance4 ,x is n kn[n :o inv5t$ coats1 %oes1 & /ock+s1 & yet we w\ld "k :o inv5t$ idols4 ,:at signifies a passage ( ,san*onia?on1 :o liv$ be=e ! battle ( ,troy8 ,:at does he tea* u :5 he says t ,*aos--! _s1 t is to say1 ! brea?--9 love ) 8 pr9ciples1 draws ! veil f x1 :i* r5d]s ! air lum9\s2 t ! w9d ,colp1 & 8 wife ,bau1 eng5d]$ ,eon2 t ,eon eng5d]$ ,g5os1 t ,*ronos1 _! desc5dant1 _h two eyes beh9d z well z be=e2 t he became a god1 & t he gave ,egypt to 8 son ,?aut8 ,su* is "o ( ! mo/ respectable monum5ts ( antiquity4 ,orpheus w tea* u no m 9 8 ,!ogony1 ?an ,damasius has pres]v$ to u4 ,he repres5ts ! pr9ciples ( ! _w "u ! figure ( a dragon ) two heads1 ! "o ( a bull1 ! o!r ( a lion2 a face 9 ! middle1 :i* he calls ! face ( ,god1 & gold5 w+s to 8 %\ld]s4 ,b1 f ^! fanta/ic ideas may be drawn two great tru?s--! "o t s5sible images & hi]oglyphics are ( ! remote/ antiquity2 ! o!r t all ! anci5t philosoph]s h recogniz$ a ,fir/ ,pr9ciple4 ,z to poly!ism1 good s5se w tell y t z long z m5 h exi/$--t is to say1 weak animals capable ( reason & folly1 subject to all accid5ts1 sickness & dea?--^! m5 h felt _! weakness & dep5d5ce4 ,oblig$ to ackn[l$ge t !re is some?+ m p[]ful ?an !mselves2 hav+ discov]$ a pr9ciple 9 ! e>? :i* furni%es _! alim5t2 "o 9 ! air :i* (t5 de/roys !m2 "o 9 fire :i* consumes2 & 9 wat] :i* dr[ns !m--:at is m natural ?an = ignorant m5 to imag9e be+s :i* preside ov] ^! elem5ts8 ,:at is m natural ?an to rev]e ! invisible p[] :i* makes ! sun & />s %9e to our eyes8 &1 s9ce !y w\ld =m an idea ( p[]s sup]ior to man1 :at m natural ?an to figure !m 9 a s5sible mann]8 ,c\ld !y ?9k o!rwise8 ,! ,jewi% religion1 :i* prec$$ ours1 & :i* 0 giv5 by ,god himself1 0 fill$ ) ^! images1 "u :i* ,god is repres5t$4 ,he deigns to speak ! human language 9 a bu%2 ,he appe>$ once on a m\nta92 ! cele/ial spirits :i* he s5ds all come ) a human =m3 f9ally1 ! sanctu>y is cov]$ ) *]ubs1 :i* are ! bodies ( m5 ) ! w+s & heads ( animals4 ,x is ?is :i* has giv5 rise to ! error ( ,plut>*1 ,tacitus1 ,appian1 & s _m o!rs1 ( reproa*+ ! ,jews ) ador+ an ass's head4 ,god1 9 spite ( 8 prohibition to pa9t or =m lik5esses1 has1 !re=e1 deign$ to adapt himself to human weakness1 :i* requir$ ! s5ses to be address$ by s5sible be+s4 ,isaiah1 9 *apt] vi41 sees ! ,"l seat$ on a ?rone1 & ,8 tra9 fill$ ! temple4 ,! ,"l ext5ds ,8 h&1 & t\*es ! m\? ( ,j]emiah1 9 *ap4 i4 ( t prophet4 ,ezekiel1 9 *ap4 i41 sees a ?rone ( sapphire1 & ,god appe>$ to him l a man seat$ on ?is ?rone4 ,^! images alt] n ! purity ( ! ,jewi% religion1 :i* nev] employ$ pictures1 /atues1 or idols1 to repres5t ,god to ! eyes ( ! p4 ,! le>n$ ,*9ese1 ! ,p>sees1 & ! anci5t ,egyptians1 _h no idols2 b ,isis & ,osiris 7 soon repres5t$4 ,bel1 at ,babylon1 0 a great colossus4 ,brahma 0 a fanta/ic mon/] 9 ! p59sula ( ,india4 ,above all1 ! ,greeks multipli$ ! names ( ! gods1 /atues1 & temples1 b always attribut$ ! supreme p[] to _! ,zeus1 call$ ,jupit] by ! ,lat9s1 ! sov]eign ( gods & m54 ,! ,romans imitat$ ! ,greeks4 ,^! p always plac$ all ! gods 9 heav51 )\t kn[+ :at !y und]/ood by heav54 ,! ,romans _h _! twelve great gods1 six male & six female1 :om !y call$ ,dii majorum g5tium2 ,jupit]1 ,neptune1 ,apollo1 ,vulcan1 ,m>s1 ,m]cury1 ,juno1 ,ve/a1 ,m9]va1 ,c]es1 ,v5us1 & ,diana2 ,pluto 0 !re=e =gott53 ,ve/a took 8 place4 ,aft]w>ds1 came ! gods m9orum g5tium1 ! gods ( mortal orig92 ! h]oes1 z ,bac*us1 ,h]cules1 & sculapius3 ! inf]nal gods1 ,pluto & ,pros]p9e3 ^? ( ! sea1 z ,te?ys1 ,amphitrite1 ! ,n]eids1 & ,glaucus4 ,! ,dryads1 ,naiads1 gods ( g>d5s2 ^? ( %eph]ds1 etc4 ,!y _h !m1 inde$1 = e pr(ession1 = e action ( life1 = *ildr51 m>riageable girls1 m>ri$1 & ly+-9 wom53 !y _h ev5 ! god ,p$itum2 & f9ally1 !y idoliz$ _! emp]ors4 ,nei!r ^! emp]ors nor ! god ,p$itum1 ! goddess ,p]tunda1 nor ,priapus1 nor ,rumilia1 ! goddess ( nipples2 nor ,/]cutius1 ! god ( ! privy1 71 9 tru?1 reg>d$ z ! ma/]s ( heav5 & e>?4 ,! emp]ors _h sometimes temples1 ! petty gods--! p5ates--_h none2 b all _h _! repres5tations1 _! images4 ,!re 7 little images ) :i* !y ornam5t$ _! closets1 ! amusem5ts ( old wom5 & *ildr51 :i* 7 n au?oriz$ by any public wor%ip4 ,! sup]/ition ( e individual 0 left to act accord+ to 8 own ta/e4 ,^! small idols are /ill f\nd 9 ! ru9s ( anci5t t[ns4 ,if no p]son kn[s :5 m5 began to make ^! images1 !y mu/ "k t !y are ( ! greate/ antiquity4 ,t]ah1 ! fa!r ( ,abraham1 made !m at ,ur 9 ,*alda4 ,ra*el /ole & c>ri$ (f ! images ( ,laban1 h] fa!r4 ,we _c g back fur!r4 ,b :at precise notion _h ! anci5t nations ( all ^! repres5tations8 ,:at virtue1 :at p[]1 0 attribut$ to !m8 ,believ$ !y t ! gods desc5d$ f heav5 to conceal !mselves 9 ^! /atues2 or t !y communicat$ to !m a "p ( ! div9e _s2 or t !y communicat$ to !m no?+ at all8 ,!re has be5 mu* v uselessly writt5 on ?is subject2 x is cle> t e man judg$ ( x accord+ to ! degree ( 8 reason1 cr$ulity1 or fanaticism4 ,x is evid5t t ! prie/s atta*$ z mu* div9ity to _! /atues z !y possibly c\ld1 to attract m (f]+s4 ,we "k t ! philosoph]s reprov$ ^! sup]/itions1 t w>riors laugh$ at !m1 t ! magi/rates tol]at$ !m1 & t ! p1 always absurd1 knew n :at !y did4 ,9 a ^w1 ?is is ! hi/ory ( all nations to :i* ,god has n made himself kn[n4 ,! same idea may be =m$ ( ! wor%ip :i* all ,egypt r5d]$ to ! c[1 & t sev]al t[ns paid to a dog1 an ape1 a cat1 & to onions4 ,x appe>s t ^! 7 fir/ emblems4 ,aft]w>ds1 a c]ta9 ox ,apis1 & a c]ta9 dog ,anubis1 7 ador$2 !y always ate beef & onions2 b x is difficult to "k :at ! old wom5 ( ,egypt ?\ght ( ! holy c[s & onions4 ,idols also (t5 spoke4 ,on ! day ( ! fea/ ( ,cybele at ,rome1 ^? f9e words 7 commemorat$ :i* ! /atue pron\nc$ :5 x 0 translat$ f ! palace ( ,k+ ,attilus3 ,i wi% to dep>t2 take me away quickly2 ,rome is wor?y ! resid5ce ( e god4 ,ipsa peti volui2 ne sit mora1 mitte vol5tum2 ,dignus ,roma locus quo ,deus omnis eat4 --,,ovid',s ,fa/i1 iv1 #bfi-bgj4 ,! /atue ( ,=tune spoke2 ! ,scipios1 ! ,cic]os1 & ! ,cs>s1 inde$1 believ$ no?+ ( x2 b ! old woman1 to :om ,encolpus gave a cr[n to buy geese & gods1 might cr$it x4 ,idols also gave oracles1 & prie/s hidd5 9 ! holl[ ( ! /atues spoke 9 ! "n ( ! div9ity4 ,h[ happ5s x1 9 ! mid/ ( s _m gods & diff]5t ?ogonies & p>ticul> wor%ips1 t !re 0 nev] any religi\s w> among ! p call$ idolat]s8 ,?is peace 0 a good produc$ f an evil1 ev5 f error2 = ea* nation1 ackn[l$g+ sev]al inf]ior gods1 f\nd x good = 8 neighbors also to h !irs4 ,if y except ,cambyses1 :o is reproa*$ ) hav+ kill$ ! ox ,apis1 y w n see any conqu]or 9 pr(ane hi/ory :o ill-treat$ ! gods ( a vanqui%$ p4 ,! hea!ns _h no exclusive religion1 & ! prie/s ?\ght only ( multiply+ ! (f]+s & sacrifices4 ,! fir/ (f]+s 7 fruits4 ,soon aft]1 animals 7 requir$ = ! table ( ! prie/s2 !y kill$ !m !mselves1 & became cruel but*]s2 f9ally1 !y introduc$ ! horrible cu/om ( sacrific+ human victims1 & above all1 *ildr5 & "y girls4 ,! ,*9ese1 ,p>sees1 & ,indians1 7 nev] guilty ( ^! abom9ations2 b at ,hi]opolis1 9 ,egypt1 accord+ to ,porphyrius1 !y immolat$ m54 ,/rang]s 7 sacrific$ at ,taurida3 happily1 ! prie/s ( ,taurida _h n mu* practice4 ,! fir/ ,greeks1 ! ,cypriots1 ,phnicians1 ,tyrians1 & ,c>?ag9ians1 possess$ ?is abom9able sup]/ition4 ,! ,romans !mselves fell into ?is religi\s crime2 & ,plut>* relates1 t !y immolat$ two ,greeks & two ,gauls to expiate ! gallantries ( ?ree ve/als4 ,procopius1 contempor>y ) ! k+ ( ! ,franks1 ,!odob]t1 says t ! ,franks sacrific$ m5 :5 !y ent]$ ,italy ) t pr9ce4 ,! ,gauls & ,g]mans commonly made ^! frightful sacrifices4 ,we c sc>cely read hi/ory )\t conceiv+ horror at mank9d4 ,x is true t among ! ,jews1 ,jep?a sacrific$ 8 daught]1 & ,saul 0 ready to immolate 8 son2 x is also true t ^? :o 7 devot$ to ! ,"l by ana!ma c\ld n be r$eem$1 z o!r bea/s 71 b 7 doom$ to p]i%4 ,we w n[ speak ( ! human victims sacrific$ 9 all religions4 ,to console mank9d = ! horrible picture ( ^! pi\s sacrifices1 x is important to "k1 t among/ almo/ all nations call$ idolatr\s1 !re h be5 holy !ologies & popul> error1 secret wor%ip & public c]emonies2 ! religion ( sages1 & t ( ! vulg>4 ,to "k t "o ,god alone 0 taught to ^? initiat$ into ! my/]ies1 x is only necess>y to look at ! hymn attribut$ to ! anci5t ,orpheus1 :i* 0 sung 9 ! my/]ies ( ! ,eleus9ian ,c]es1 s celebrat$ 9 ,europe & ,asia3 ,contemplate div9e nature2 illum9ate ?y m9d2 gov]n ?y he>t2 walk 9 ! pa? ( ju/ice1 t ! ,god ( heav5 & e>? may be always pres5t to ?y eyes3 ,he only self-exi/s1 all be+s d]ive _! exi/5ce f ,him2 ,he su/a9s !m all2 ,he has nev] be5 se5 by mortals1 & ,he sees all ?+s4 ,we may also read ! passage ( ! philosoph] ,maximus1 :om we h already quot$3 ,:at man is s gross & /upid z to d\bt t !re is a supreme1 et]nal1 & inf9ite ,god1 :o has eng5d]$ no?+ l ,himself1 & :o is ! common fa!r ( all ?+s8 ,!re are a ?\s& pro(s t ! anci5t sages n only abhorr$ idolatry1 b poly!ism4 ,epictetus1 t model ( resignation & pati5ce1 t man s great 9 a humble condition1 nev] speaks ( b "o ,god4 ,read ov] ^! maxims3 ,god has creat$ me2 ,god is )9 me2 ,i c>ry ,him ev]y:]e4 ,c ,i defile ,him by obsc5e ?\ghts1 unju/ actions1 or infam\s desires8 ,my duty is to ?ank ,god = all1 to praise ,him = all2 & only to cease bless+ ,him 9 ceas+ to live4 ,all ! ideas ( ,epictetus turn on ?is pr9ciple4 ,is ?is an idolat]8 ,m>cus ,aurelius1 p]haps z great on ! ?rone ( ! ,roman ,empire z ,epictetus 0 9 slav]y1 (t5 speaks1 inde$1 ( ! gods1 ei!r to con=m himself to ! receiv$ language1 or to express int]m$iate be+s betwe5 ! ,supreme ,be+ & m52 b 9 h[ _m places does he %[ t he recognizes "o et]nal1 inf9ite ,god alone8 ,our s\l1 says he1 is an emanation f ! div9ity4 ,my *ildr51 my body1 my m9d1 are d]iv$ f ,god4 ,! ,/oics & ,platonics admitt$ a div9e & univ]sal nature2 ! ,epicureans d5i$ x4 ,! pontiffs spoke only ( a s+le ,god 9 _! my/]ies4 ,:]e !n 7 ! idolat]s8 ,all our declaim]s exclaim aga9/ idolatry l little dogs1 t yelp :5 !y he> a great "o b>k4 ,z to ! re/1 x is "o ( ! greate/ errors ( ! ,diction>y ( ,morri to say1 t 9 ! "t ( ,!odosius ! y\ng]1 !re rema9$ no idolat]s except 9 ! retir$ c\ntries ( ,asia & ,africa4 ,ev5 9 ! sev5? c5tury !re 7 _m p /ill hea!n 9 ,italy4 ,! nor? ( ,g]many1 f ! ,wes]1 0 n ,*ri/ian 9 ! "t ( ,*>lemagne4 ,pol& & all ! s\? rema9$ a long "t aft] him 9 :at 0 call$ idolatry2 ! half ( ,africa1 all ! k+doms beyond ! ,ganges1 ,japan1 ! populace ( ,*9a1 & a hundr$ hordes ( ,t>t>s1 h pres]v$ _! anci5t religion4 ,9 ,europe !re are only a few ,lapl&]s1 ,samoy$es1 & ,t>t>s1 :o h p]sev]$ 9 ! religion ( _! ance/ors4 ,let u conclude ) rem>k+1 t 9 ! "t :i* we call ! middle ages1 we dom9at$ ! c\ntry ( ! ,mahometans pagan2 we treat$ z idolat]s & ador]s ( images1 a p :o hold all images 9 abhorr5ce4 ,let u once m av[1 t ! ,turks are m excusable 9 believ+ u idolat]s1 :5 !y see our alt>s load$ ) images & /atues4 ,a g5tleman belong+ to ,pr9ce ,ragotski assur$ me ^u 8 honor1 t be+ 9 a c(fee-h\se at ,con/ant9ople1 ! mi/ress ord]$ t he %\ld n be s]v$ because he 0 an idolat]4 ,he 0 a ,prote/ant1 & swore to h] t he ador$ nei!r ho/ nor images4 ,ah6 if t is ! case1 said ! woman1 come to me e day1 & y %all be s]v$ = no?+4 ,,ignatius ,,loyola4 ,if y are desir\s ( obta9+ a great "n1 ( becom+ ! f\nd] ( a sect or e/abli%m5t1 be completely mad2 b be sure t y\r madness corresponds ) ! turn & temp] ( y\r age4 ,h 9 y\r madness reason en\gh to guide y\r extravagances2 & =get n to be excessively op9ionat$ & ob/9ate4 ,x is c]ta9ly possible t y may get hang$2 b if y escape hang+1 y w h alt>s erect$ to y4 ,9 real tru?1 0 !re ev] a fitt] subject = ! ,petites-,maisons1 or ,b$lam1 ?an ,ignatius1 or ,/4 ,inigo ! ,biscayan1 = t 0 8 true "n8 ,8 head became d]ang$ 9 consequ5ce ( 8 read+ ! ,gold5 ,leg5d2 z ,don ,quixote's 01 aft]w>ds1 by read+ ! romances ( *ivalry4 ,our ,biscayan h]o1 9 ! fir/ place1 dubs himself a knight ( ! ,holy ,virg91 & p]=ms ! ,wat* ( ,arms 9 honor ( 8 lady4 ,! virg9 appe>s to him & accepts 8 s]vices2 %e (t5 repeats h] visit1 & introduces to him h] son4 ,! devil1 :o wat*es 8 opportunity1 & cle>ly =esees ! injury he mu/ 9 ! c\rse ( "t suff] f ! ,jesuits1 comes & makes a trem5d\s noise 9 ! h\se1 & breaks all ! w9d[s2 ! ,biscayan drives him away ) ! sign ( ! cross2 & ! devil flies ?r\gh ! wall1 leav+ 9 x a l>ge op5+1 :i* 0 %[n to ! curi\s fifty ye>s aft] ! happy ev5t4 ,8 family1 see+ ! v disord]$ /ate ( 8 m9d1 is desir\s ( 8 be+ conf9$ & put "u a c\rse ( regim5 & m$ic9e4 ,he extricates himself f 8 family z easily z he did f ! devil1 & escapes )\t kn[+ :]e to g4 ,he meets ) a ,moor1 & disputes ) him ab\t ! immaculate conception4 ,! ,moor1 :o takes him exactly = :at he is1 quits him z spe$ily z possible4 ,! ,biscayan hesitates :e!r he %all kill ! ,moor or pray to ,god = 8 conv]sion2 he leaves ! decision to 8 horse1 & ! animal1 r wis] ?an its ma/]1 takes ! road lead+ to ! /able4 ,our h]o1 aft] ?is adv5ture1 und]takes a pilgrimage to ,be?lehem1 begg+ 8 bread on ! way3 8 madness increases z he proce$s2 ! ,dom9icans take pity on him at ,manrosa1 & keep him 9 _! e/abli%m5t = "s days1 & !n dismiss him uncur$4 ,he emb>ks at ,b>celona1 & goes to ,v5ice2 he returns to ,b>celona1 /ill travell+ z a m5dicant1 always exp]i5c+ trances & ec/acies1 & frequ5tly visit$ by ! ,holy ,virg9 & ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,at l5g?1 he 0 giv5 to und]/& t1 9 ord] to g to ! ,holy ,l& ) any fair view ( conv]t+ ! ,turks1 ! ,*ri/ians ( ! ,greek *ur*1 ! ,arm5ians1 & ! ,jews1 x 0 necess>y to beg9 ) a little /udy ( !ology4 ,our h]o desires no?+ bett]2 b1 to become a !ologian1 x 0 requisite to "k some?+ ( gramm> & a little ,lat92 ?is gives him no emb>rassm5t :atev]3 he goes to college at ! age ( ?irty-?ree2 he is !re laugh$ at1 & le>ns no?+4 ,he 0 almo/ brok5-he>t$ at ! idea ( n be+ able to g & conv]t ! infidels4 ,! devil1 = ?is once1 took pity on him4 ,he appe>$ to him1 & swore to him1 on ! fai? ( a ,*ri/ian1 t1 if he w\ld deliv] himself ov] to him1 he w\ld make him ! mo/ le>n$ & able man 9 ! *ur* ( ,god4 ,ignatius1 h[ev]1 0 n to be cajol$ to place himself "u ! discipl9e ( su* a ma/]2 he w5t back to 8 class2 he occasionally exp]i5c$ ! rod1 b 8 le>n+ made no progress4 ,expell$ f ! college ( ,b>celona1 p]secut$ by ! devil1 :o puni%$ him = refus+ to submit to 8 in/ructions1 & ab&on$ by ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 :o took no pa9s ab\t assi/+ h] devot$ knight1 he1 nev]!less1 does n give way to despair4 ,he jo9s ! pilgrims ( ,/4 ,james 9 _! w&]+s ov] ! c\ntry4 ,he prea*es 9 ! /reets & public places1 f city to city1 & is %ut up 9 ! dungeons ( ! ,inquisition4 ,deliv]$ f ! ,inquisition1 he is put 9 prison at ,alcala4 ,he escapes !nce to ,salamanca1 & is !re aga9 imprison$4 ,at l5g?1 p]ceiv+ t he is no prophet 9 8 own c\ntry1 he =ms a resolution to g to ,p>is4 ,he travels ?i!r on foot1 driv+ be=e him an ass :i* c>ri$ 8 baggage1 money1 & manuscripts4 ,don ,quixote _h a horse & an esquire1 b ,ignatius 0 n provid$ ) ei!r4 ,he exp]i5ces at ,p>is ! same insults & injuries z he _h endur$ 9 ,spa94 ,he is absolutely flogg$1 9 all ! regul> =m & c]emony ( s*ola/ic discipl9e1 at ! college ( ,/4 ,b>be4 ,8 vocation1 at l5g?1 calls him to ,rome4 ,h[ c\ld x possibly come to pass1 t a man ( su* extravagant "* & mann]s1 %\ld at l5g? obta9 consid]ation at ! c\rt ( ,rome1 ga9 ov] a numb] ( disciples1 & become ! f\nd] ( a p[]ful ord]1 among :om are to be f\nd m5 ( unque/ionable wor? & le>n+8 ,! reason is1 t he 0 op9ionat$1 ob/9ate1 & en?usia/ic2 & f\nd en?usia/s l himself1 ) :om he associat$4 ,^!1 hav+ r a great] %>e ( reason ?an himself1 7 in/rum5tal 9 some:at re/or+ & re-e/abli%+ 8 own2 he became m prud5t & regul> t[>ds ! close ( 8 life1 & occasionally ev5 display$ 9 8 conduct pro(s ( ability4 ,p]haps ,mahomet1 9 8 fir/ conv]sations ) ! angel ,gabriel1 began 8 c>e] ) be+ z mu* d]ang$ z ,ignatius2 & p]haps ,ignatius1 9 ,mahomet's circum/ances1 w\ld h p]=m$ z great a*ievem5ts z ! prophet2 = he 0 equally ignorant1 & q z vision>y & intrepid4 ,x is a common obs]vation1 t su* cases occur only once3 h[ev]1 x is n long s9ce an ,engli% ru/ic1 m ignorant ?an ! ,spani>d ,ignatius1 =m$ ! society ( p call$ ,quak]s2 a society f> sup]ior to t ( ,ignatius4 ,c\nt ,z9z5dorf has1 9 our own "t1 =m$ ! sect ( ,moravians2 & ! ,convulsion>ies ( ,p>is 7 v ne>ly ^u ! po9t ( effect+ a revolution4 ,!y 7 q mad en\gh1 b !y 7 n suffici5tly p]sev]+ & ob/9ate4 ,,ignorance4 ,,section ,i4 ,!re are _m k9ds ( ignorance2 b ! wor/ ( all is t ( critics1 :o1 x is well kn[n1 are d\bly b\nd to possess in=mation & judgm5t z p]sons :o und]take to affirm & to c5sure4 ,:5 !y pron\nce errone\sly1 !re=e1 !y are d\bly culpable4 ,a man1 = example1 composes two l>ge volumes ^u a few pages ( a valuable book :i* he has n und]/ood1 & 9 ! fir/ place exam9es ! foll[+ words3 ,! sea has cov]$ imm5se tracts4444 ,! deep b$s ( %ells :i* are f\nd 9 ,t\ra9e & else:]e1 c\ld h be5 deposit$ !re only by ! sea4 ,true1 if ^? b$s ( %ells exi/ 9 fact2 b ! critic ought to be aw>e t ! au?or himself discov]$1 or ?\ght he _h discov]$1 t ^? regul> b$s ( %ells h no exi/5ce4 ,he ought to h said3 ,! univ]sal ,deluge is relat$ by ,moses ) ! agreem5t ( all nations4 #a4 ,because ! ,p5tateu* 0 long unkn[n1 n only to ! o!r nations ( ! _w1 b to ! ,jews !mselves4 #b4 ,because only a s+le copy ( ! law 0 f\nd at ! bottom ( an old *e/ 9 ! "t ( ,k+ ,josiah4 #c4 ,because t book 0 lo/ dur+ ! captivity4 #d4 ,because x 0 re/or$ by ,esdras4 #e4 ,because x 0 always unkn[n to e o!r nation till ! "t ( its be+ translat$ by ! ,sev5ty4 #f4 ,because1 ev5 aft] ! translation ascrib$ to ! ,sev5ty1 we h n a s+le au?or among ! ,g5tiles :o quotes a s+le passage f ?is book1 d[n to ! "t ( ,long9us1 :o liv$ "u ! ,emp]or ,aurelian4 #g4 ,because no o!r nation ev] admitt$ a univ]sal deluge be=e ,ovid's ,metamorphoses2 & ev5 ,ovid himself does n make 8 deluge ext5d beyond ! ,m$it]ranean4 #h4 ,because ,/4 ,augu/9e expressly ackn[l$ges t ! univ]sal deluge 0 unkn[n to all antiquity4 #i4 ,because ! fir/ deluge ( :i* any notice is tak5 by ! ,g5tiles1 is t m5tion$ by ,b]osus1 & :i* he fixes at ab\t f\r ?\s& f\r hundr$ ye>s be=e our vulg> era2 :i* deluge did n ext5d beyond ! ,eux9e ,sea4 #aj4 ,f9ally1 because no monum5t ( a univ]sal deluge rema9s 9 any nation 9 ! _w4 ,9 addition to all ^! reasons1 x mu/ be obs]v$1 t ! critic did n ev5 und]/& ! simple /ate ( ! "q4 ,! only inquiry is1 :e!r we h any natural pro( t ! sea has successively ab&on$ _m tracts ( t]ritory8 & ^u ?is pla9 & m]e matt]-(-fact subject1 ,m4 ,abb ,franois has tak5 occasion to abuse m5 :om he c]ta9ly nei!r kn[s nor und]/&s4 ,x is f> bett] to be sil5t1 ?an m]ely to increase ! quantity ( bad books4 ,! same critic1 9 ord] to prop up old ideas1 n[ almo/ univ]sally despis$ & d]id$1 & :i* h n ! slighte/ relation to ,moses1 ?9ks prop] to say3 ,b]osus p]fectly agrees ) ,moses 9 ! numb] ( g5]ations be=e ! ,deluge4 ,be x kn[n to y1 my de> read]1 t ?is same ,b]osus is ! writ] :o in=ms u t ! fi% ,oannes came out to ! riv] ,euphrates e day1 to g & prea* to ! ,*aldans2 & t ! same fi% wrote ) "o ( its bones a capital book ab\t ! orig9 ( ?+s4 ,su* is ! writ] :om ! +5i\s abb br+s =w>d z a v\*] = ,moses4 ,is x n evid5t1 he says1 t a great numb] ( ,european families1 transplant$ to ! coa/s ( ,africa1 h become1 )\t any mixture ( ,african blood1 z black z any ( ! natives ( ! c\ntry8 ,x is j ! contr>y ( ?is1 ,m4 l',abb1 t is evid5t4 ,y are ignorant t ! reticulum mucosum ( ! negroes is black1 al?\gh ,i h m5tion$ ! fact times innum]able4 ,7 y to h ev] s l>ge a numb] ( *ildr5 born to y 9 ,gu9ea1 ( a ,european wife1 !y w\ld n "o ( !m h t black unctu\s sk91 ^? d>k & ?ick lips1 ^? r\nd eyes1 or t woolly hair1 :i* =m ! specific diff]5ces ( ! negro race4 ,9 ! same mann]1 7 y\r family e/abli%$ 9 ,am]ica1 !y w\ld h be>ds1 :ile a native ,am]ican w h none4 ,n[ extricate y\rself f ! difficulty1 ) ,adam & ,eve only1 if y c4 ,:o 0 ?is ',mel*om1' y ask1 :o _h tak5 possession ( ! c\ntry ( ,god8 ,a pleasant sort ( god1 c]ta9ly1 :om ! ,god ( ,j]emiah w\ld c>ry (f to be dragg$ into captivity4 ,ah1 ,m4 l',abb6 y are q sm>t & lively4 ,y ask1 :o is ?is ,mel*om8 ,i w imm$iately in=m y4 ,melek or ,melkom signifi$ ! ,"l1 z did ,adoni or ,adonai1 ,baal or ,bel1 ,adad or ,%adai1 ,eloi or ,eloa4 ,almo/ all ! nations ( ,syria gave su* names to _! gods2 ea* _h its "l1 its protector1 its god4 ,ev5 ! "n ( ,jehovah 0 a ,pho5ician & prop] "n2 ?is we le>n f ,san*onia?on1 :o 0 c]ta9ly ant]ior to ,moses2 & also f ,diodorus4 ,we well "k t ,god is equally ! ,god1 ! absolute ma/]1 ( ,egyptians & ,jews1 ( all m5 & all worlds2 b x is n 9 ?is light t he is repres5t$ :5 ,moses appe>s be=e ,ph>aoh4 ,he nev] speaks to t mon>* b 9 ! "n ( ! ,god ( ! ,hebrews1 z an ambassador deliv]s ! ord]s ( ! k+ 8 ma/]4 ,he speaks s little 9 ! "n ( ! ,ma/] ( all ,nature1 t ,ph>aoh replies to him1 ,i d n "k him4 ,moses p]=ms prodigies 9 ! "n ( ?is ,god2 b ! magicians ( ,ph>aoh p]=m precisely ! same prodigies 9 ! "n ( _! own4 ,hi!rto bo? sides are equal2 ! conte/ is1 :o %all be deem$ mo/ p[]ful1 n :o %all be deem$ alone p[]ful4 ,at l5g?1 ! ,god ( ! ,hebrews decid$ly c>ries ! day2 he manife/s a p[] by f> ! great]2 b n ! only p[]4 ,?us1 speak+ aft] ! mann] ( m51 ,ph>aoh's incr$ulity is v excusable4 ,x is ! same incr$ulity z ,montezuma exhibit$ be=e ,cortes1 & ,atahualpa be=e ! ,piz>ros4 ,:5 ,jo%ua call$ toge!r ! ,jews1 he said to !m3 ,*oose ye ?is day :om ye w s]ve1 :e!r ! gods :i* y\r fa!r s]v$1 t 7 on ! o!r side ( ! flood1 or ! gods ( ! ,amorites 9 ^: l& ye dwell2 b z = me & my h\se1 we w s]ve ! ,"l4 ,! p1 !re=e1 _h already giv5 !mselves up to o!r gods1 & might s]ve :om !y pleas$4 ,:5 ! family ( ,micah1 9 ,ephraim1 hire a ,levitical prie/ to conduct ! s]vice ( a /range god1 :5 ! :ole tribe ( ,dan s]ve ! same god z ! family ( ,micah2 :5 a gr&son ( ,moses himself becomes a hir$ prie/ ( ! same god--no "o murmurs2 e "o has 8 own god1 undi/urb$2 & ! gr&son ( ,moses becomes an idolat] )\t any "o's revil+ or accus+ him4 ,at t "t1 !re=e1 e "o *ose 8 own local god1 8 own protector4 ,! same ,jews1 aft] ! dea? ( ,gideon1 adore ,baal-b]i?1 :i* means precisely ! same z ,adonai--! "l1 ! protector2 !y *ange _! protector4 ,adonai1 9 ! "t ( ,jo%ua1 becomes ma/] ( ! m\nta9s2 b he is unable to ov]come ! inhabitants ( ! valleys1 because !y _h *>iots arm$ ) scy!s4 ,c any?+ m correctly repres5t ! idea ( a local deity1 a god :o is /rong 9 "o place1 b n s 9 ano!r8 ,jeph?ah1 ! son ( ,gilead1 & a concub9e1 says to ! ,moabites3 ,wilt ?\ n possess :at ,*emo%1 ?y god1 give? !e to possess8 ,s1 :omsoev] ! ,"l our ,god %all drive out f be=e u1 !m w we possess4 ,x is !n p]fectly prov$1 t ! undi/+ui%+ ,jews1 al?\gh *os5 by ! ,god ( ! univ]se1 reg>d$ him not)/&+ z a m]e local god1 ! god ( a p>ticul> t]ritory ( p1 l ! god ( ! ,amorites1 or t ( ! ,moabites1 ( ! m\nta9s or ( ! valleys4 ,x is un=tunately v evid5t t x 0 p]fectly indiff]5t to ! gr&son ( ,moses :e!r he s]v$ ,micah's god or 8 gr&fa!r's4 ,x is cle>1 & _c b be admitt$1 t ! ,jewi% religion 0 n =m$1 t x 0 n uni=m1 till ! "t ( ,esdras2 & we mu/1 ev5 !n1 except ! ,sam>itans4 ,y may n[1 probably1 h "s idea ( ! mean+ ( ?is "l or god ,mel*om4 ,i am n 9 favor ( 8 cause--! ,"l deliv] me f su* folly6--b :5 y rem>k1 ! god :i* ,j]emiah ?reat5$ to c>ry into slav]y mu/ be a curi\s & pleasant sort ( deity1 ,i w answ] y1 ,m4 l',abb1 ) ?is %ort piece ( advice3--,f y\r own h\se ( glass d n ?r[ /ones at ^? ( y\r neighbors4 ,!y 7 ! ,jews :o 7 at t v "t c>ri$ (f 9 slav]y to ,babylon4 ,x 0 ! good ,j]emiah himself :o 0 accus$ ( be+ brib$ by ! c\rt ( ,babylon1 & ( hav+ consequ5tly prophesi$ 9 8 favor4 ,x 0 he :o 0 ! object ( public scorn & hatr$1 & :o x is ?\ght end$ 8 c>e] by be+ /on$ to dea? by ! ,jews !mselves4 ,?is ,j]emiah1 be assur$ f me1 0 nev] be=e und]/ood to be a jok]4 ,! ,god ( ! ,jews1 ,i aga9 repeat1 is ! ,god ( all nature4 ,i expressly make ?is repetition t y may h no gr\nd = pret5d+ ignorance ( x1 & t y may n accuse me be=e ! ecclesia/ical c\rt4 ,i /ill1 h[ev]1 ass]t & ma9ta91 t ! /upid ,jews frequ5tly knew no o!r ,god ?an a local "o4 ,x is n natural to attribute ! tides to ! phases ( ! moon4 ,!y are n ! high tides :i* occur at ! full moon1 t are ascrib$ to ! phases ( t planet4 ,"h we see ignorance ( a diff]5t description4 ,x occasionally happ5s t p]sons ( a c]ta9 description are s mu* a%am$ ( ! "p !y play 9 ! _w1 t !y are desir\s ( disguis+ !mselves sometimes z wits1 & sometimes z philosoph]s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is prop] to in=m ,m4 l',abb1 t no?+ is m natural ?an to attribute an effect to t :i* is always foll[$ by ?is effect4 ,if a p>ticul> w9d is con/antly foll[$ by ra91 x is natural to attribute ! ra9 to ! w9d4 ,n[1 ov] all ! %ores ( ! ocean1 ! tides are always high] 9 ! moon's syzygies--if y happ5 to "k ! mean+ ( ! t]m--?an at its qu>t]+s4 ,! moon rises e day lat]2 ! tide is also e day lat]4 ,! ne>] ! moon approa*es our z5i?1 ! great] is ! tide2 ! ne>] ! moon approa*es its p]igee1 ! high] ! tide /ill rises4 ,^! exp]i5ces & v>i\s o!rs1 ^! inv>iable correspond5ces ) ! phases ( ! moon1 7 ! f\ndation ( ! anci5t & j op9ion1 t t body is a pr9cipal cause ( ! flux & reflux ( ! ocean4 ,aft] num]\s c5turies appe>$ ! great ,newton--,are y at all acqua9t$ ) ,newton8 ,did y ev] he>1 t aft] calculat+ ! squ>e ( ! progress ( ! moon 9 its orbit dur+ ! space ( a m9ute1 & divid+ t squ>e by ! diamet] ( t orbit1 he f\nd ! quoti5t to be fifte5 feet8 t he !nce demon/rat$ t ! moon gravitates t[>ds ! e>? ?ree ?\s& six hundr$ times less ?an if %e 7 ne> ! e>?8 t he aft]w>ds demon/rat$ t its attractive =ce is ! cause ( ?ree-f\r?s ( ! elevation ( ! sea by ! tide1 & t ! =ce ( ! sun is ! cause ( ! rema9+ f\r?8 ,y appe> p]fectly a/oni%$4 ,y nev] read any?+ l ?is 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,p$agogue4 ,endeavor h5ce=w>d1 bo? y & ! port]s ( y\r p>i%1 nev] to speak ab\t ?+s ( :i* y h n ev5 ! slighte/ idea4 ,y c =m no conception ( ! injury y d to religion by y\r ignorance1 & /ill m by y\r reason+s4 ,9 ord] to pres]ve 9 ! _w ! little fai? t rema9s 9 x1 x w\ld be ! mo/ judici\s measure possible to re/ra9 y1 & su* z y1 f writ+ & publi%+ 9 behalf ( x4 ,i %\ld absolutely make y\r a/oni%$ eyes />e almo/ to />t+1 7 ,i to in=m y1 t ?is same ,newton 0 p]suad$ t ,samuel is ! au?or ( ! ,p5tateu*4 ,i d n mean to say t he demon/rat$ x 9 ! same way z he calculat$ & d$uc$ ! p[] ( gravitation4 ,le>n1 !n1 to d\bt & to be mode/4 ,i believe 9 ! ,p5tateu*1 rememb]2 b ,i believe1 also1 t y h pr9t$ & publi%$ ! mo/ enorm\s absurdities4 ,i c\ld "h transcribe a l>ge volume ( in/ances ( y\r own individual ignorance & imbecility1 & _m ( ^? ( y\r bre?r5 & colleagues4 ,i %all n1 h[ev]1 take ! tr\ble ( do+ x4 ,let u g on ) our que/ions4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,i am ignorant h[ ,i 0 =m$1 & h[ ,i 0 born4 ,i 0 p]fectly ignorant1 = a qu>t] ( my life1 ( ! reasons ( all t ,i saw1 he>d1 & felt1 & 0 a m]e p>rot1 talk+ by rote 9 imitation ( o!r p>rots4 ,:5 ,i look$ ab\t me & )9 me1 ,i conceiv$ t some?+ exi/$ f all et]nity4 ,s9ce !re are be+s actually exi/+1 ,i conclud$ t !re is "s be+ necess>y & necess>ily et]nal4 ,?us ! fir/ /ep ,i took to extricate myself f my ignorance1 ov]pass$ ! limits ( all ages--! b\nd>ies ( "t4 ,b :5 ,i 0 desir\s ( proce$+ 9 ?is inf9ite c>e]1 ,i c\ld nei!r p]ceive a s+le pa?1 nor cle>ly di/+ui% a s+le object2 & f ! flight :i* ,i took to contemplate et]nity1 ,i h fall5 back into ! abyss ( my orig9al ignorance4 ,i h se5 :at is d5om9at$ matt]1 f ! /> ,sirius1 & ! />s ( ! milky way1 z di/ant f ,sirius z t is f u1 to ! smalle/ atom t c be p]ceiv$ by ! microscope2 & yet ,i "k n :at matt] is4 ,light1 :i* has enabl$ me to see all ^! diff]5t & di/ant be+s1 is p]fectly unkn[n to me2 ,i am able by ! help ( a prism to anatomize ?is light1 & divide x into sev5 p5cill+s ( rays2 b ,i _c divide ^! p5cill+s !mselves2 ,i "k n ( :at !y are compos$4 ,light resembles matt] 9 hav+ motion & imp++ ^u objects1 b x does n t5d t[>ds a common c5tre l all o!r bodies2 on ! contr>y x flies (f by "s inv9cible p[] f ! c5tre1 :ile all matt] gravitates t[>ds a c5tre4 ,light appe>s to be p5etrable1 & matt] is imp5etrable4 ,is light matt]1 or is x n matt]8 ,:at is x8 ,) :at numb]less prop]ties c x be inve/$8 ,i am completely ignorant4 ,?is sub/ance s brilliant1 s rapid1 & s unkn[n1 & ^? o!r sub/ances :i* float 9 ! imm5sity ( space--seem+ to be inf9ite--are !y et]nal8 ,i "k no?+ on ! subject4 ,has a necess>y be+1 sov]eignly intellig5t1 creat$ !m f no?+1 or has he only arrang$ !m8 ,did he produce ?is ord] 9 "t1 or be=e "t8 ,alas6 :at is ?is "t1 ( :i* ,i am speak+8 ,i am incapable ( def9+ x4 ,o ,god1 x is ,?\ alone by :om ,i c be in/ruct$1 = ,i am nei!r enlight5$ by ! d>kness ( o!r m5 nor by my own4 ,mice & moles h _! resemblances ( /ructure1 9 c]ta9 respects1 to ! human frame4 ,:at diff]5ce c x make to ! ,supreme ,be+ :e!r animals l ourselves1 or su* z mice1 exi/ ^u ?is globe revolv+ 9 space ) innum]able globes ar\nd x8 ,:y h we be+8 ,:y are !re any be+s8 ,:at is s5sation8 ,h[ h ,i receiv$ x8 ,:at connection is !re betwe5 ! air :i* vibrates on my e> & ! s5sation ( s\nd8 betwe5 ?is body & ! s5sation ( colors8 ,i am p]fectly ignorant1 & %all ev] rema9 ignorant4 ,:at is ?\ght8 ,:]e does x reside8 ,h[ is x =m$8 ,:o gives me ?\ghts dur+ my sleep8 ,is x 9 virtue ( my w t ,i ?9k8 ,no1 = always dur+ sleep1 & (t5 :5 ,i am awake1 ,i h ideas aga9/1 or at lea/ )\t1 my w4 ,^! ideas1 long =gott51 long put away1 & bani%$ 9 ! lumb] room ( my bra91 issue f x )\t any ef=t or volition ( m9e1 & sudd5ly pres5t !mselves to my memory1 :i* _h1 p]haps1 previ\sly made v>i\s va9 attempts to recall !m4 ,ext]nal objects h n ! p[] ( =m+ ideas 9 me1 = no?+ c communicate :at x does n possess2 ,i am well assur$ t !y are n giv5 me by myself1 = !y are produc$ )\t my ord]s4 ,:o !n produces !m 9 me8 ,:5ce d !y come8 ,:i!r d !y g8 ,fugitive phantoms6 ,:at invisible h& produces & disp]ses y8 ,:y1 ( all ! v>i\s tribes ( animals1 has man alone ! mad ambition ( dom9e]+ ov] 8 fell[8 ,:y & h[ c\ld x happ51 t out ( a ?\s& millions ( m51 m ?an n9e hundr$ & n9ety-n9e h be5 sacrific$ to ?is mad ambition8 ,h[ is x t reason is a gift s preci\s t we w\ld none ( u lose x = all ! pomp or weal? ( ! _w1 & yet at ! same "t t x has m]ely s]v$ to r5d] u1 9 almo/ all cases1 ! mo/ mis]able ( be+s8 ,:5ce comes x1 t ) a passionate atta*m5t to tru?1 we are always yield+ to ! mo/ palpable impo/ures8 ,:y d ! va/ tribes ( ,india1 deceiv$ & enslav$ by ! bonzes1 trampl$ ^u by ! desc5dant ( a ,t>t>1 b[$ d[n by labor1 groan+ 9 mis]y1 assail$ by diseases1 & a m>k = all ! sc\rges & plagues ( life1 /ill fondly cl+ to t life8 ,:5ce comes evil1 & :y does x exi/8 ,o atoms ( a day6 ,o companions 9 littl5ess1 born l me to suff] ev]y?+1 & be ignorant ( ev]y?+6--are !re 9 reality any among y s completely mad z to imag9e y "k all ?is1 or t y c solve all ^! difficulties8 ,c]ta9ly !re c be none4 ,no2 9 ! bottom ( y\r he>t y feel y\r own no?+ness1 z completely z ,i d ju/ice to m9e4 ,b y are nev]!less arrogant & conceit$ en\gh to be eag] = our embrac+ y\r va9 sy/ems2 & n hav+ ! p[] to tyrannize ov] our bodies1 y aim at becom+ ! tyrants ( our s\ls4 ,,imag9ation4 ,,section ,i4 ,imag9ation is ! p[] :i* e be+1 end[$ ) p]ception & reason1 is consci\s he possesses ( repres5t+ to himself s5sible objects4 ,?is faculty is dep5d5t ^u memory4 ,we see m51 animals1 g>d5s1 :i* p]ceptions are introduc$ by ! s5ses2 ! memory reta9s !m1 & ! imag9ation comp\nds !m4 ,on ?is acc\nt ! anci5t ,greeks call$ ! muses1 ! daught]s ( memory4 ,x is ( great importance to obs]ve1 t ^! faculties ( receiv+ ideas1 reta9+ !m1 & comp\nd+ !m1 are among ! _m ?+s ( :i* we c give no explanation4 ,^! invisible spr+s ( our be+ are ( nature's workman%ip1 & n ( our own4 ,p]haps ?is gift ( ,god1 imag9ation1 is ! sole in/rum5t ) :i* we comp\nd ideas1 ev5 ^? :i* are ab/ract & metaphysical4 ,y pron\nce ! ^w triangle2 b y m]ely utt] a s\nd1 if y d n repres5t to y\rself ! image ( "s p>ticul> triangle4 ,y c]ta9ly h no idea ( a triangle b 9 consequ5ce ( hav+ se5 triangles1 if y h ! gift ( sight1 or ( hav+ felt !m1 if y are bl9d4 ,y _c ?9k ( a triangle 9 g5]al1 unless y\r imag9ation figures to itself1 at lea/ 9 a confus$ way1 "s p>ticul> triangle4 ,y calculate2 b x is necess>y t y %\ld repres5t to y\rself units add$ to ea* o!r1 or y\r m9d w be totally ins5sible to ! op]ation ( y\r h&4 ,y utt] ! ab/ract t]ms--greatness1 tru?1 ju/ice1 f9ite1 inf9ite2 b is ! t]m greatness ?us utt]$1 any?+ m or less1 ?an a m]e s\nd1 f ! action ( y\r tongue1 produc+ vibrations 9 ! air1 unless y h ! image ( "s greatness 9 y\r m9d8 ,:at mean+ is !re 9 ! words tru? & falsehood1 if y h n p]ceiv$1 by means ( y\r s5ses1 t "s p>ticul> ?+ :i* y 7 told exi/$1 did exi/ 9 fact2 & t ano!r ( :i* y 7 told ! same1 did n exi/8 ,&1 is x n f ?is exp]i5ce1 t y frame ! g5]al idea ( tru? & falsehood8 ,&1 :5 ask$ :at y mean by ^! words1 c y help figur+ to y\rself "s s5sible image1 occasion+ y to recollect t y h sometimes be5 told1 z a fact1 :at really & truly happ5$1 & v (t5 :at 0 n s8 ,h y any o!r notion ( j & unju/1 ?an :at is d]iv$ f p>ticul> actions1 :i* appe>$ to y respectively ( ^! descriptions8 ,y began 9 y\r *ildhood by le>n+ to read "u "s ma/]3 y endeavor$ to spell well1 b y really spell$ ill3 y\r ma/] *a/is$ y3 ?is appe>$ to y v unju/4 ,y h obs]v$ a labor] refus$ 8 wages1 & innum]able in/ances ( ! l nature4 ,is ! ab/ract idea ( j & unju/ any?+ m ?an facts ( ?is "* confus$ly mix$ up 9 y\r imag9ation8 ,is f9ite any?+ else 9 y\r conception ?an ! image ( "s limit$ quantity or ext5t8 ,is inf9ite any?+ b ! image ( ! same ext5t or quantity enl>g$ indef9itely8 ,d n all ^! op]ations take place 9 y\r m9d j 9 ! same mann] z y read a book8 ,y read circum/ances & ev5ts record$ 9 x1 & nev] ?9k at ! "t ( ! alphabetical *>act]s1 )\t :i*1 h[ev]1 y w\ld h no notion ( ^! ev5ts & circum/ances4 ,att5d to ?is po9t = a s+le mom5t1 & !n y w di/9ctly p]ceive ! ess5tial importance ( ^? *>act]s ov] :i* y\r eye previ\sly glid$ )\t ?9k+ ( !m4 ,9 ! same mann] all y\r reason+s1 all y\r accumulations ( k are f\nd$ on images trac$ 9 y\r bra94 ,y h1 9 g5]al1 no di/9ct p]ception or recollection ( !m2 b give ! case only a mom5t's att5tion1 & y w !n cle>ly disc]n1 t ^! images are ! f\ndation ( all ! notions y possess4 ,x may be wor? ! read]'s :ile to dwell a little ^u ?is idea1 to ext5d x1 & to rectify x4 ,! celebrat$ ,addison1 9 ! elev5 essays on ! imag9ation ) :i* he has enri*$ ! volumes ( ! ,spectator1 beg9s ) obs]v+1 t ! s5se ( sight is ! only "o :i* furni%es ! imag9ation ) ideas4 ,yet c]ta9ly x mu/ be all[$1 t ! o!r s5ses contribute "s %>e4 ,a man born bl9d /ill he>s1 9 8 imag9ation1 ! h>mony :i* no long] vibrates ^u 8 e>2 he /ill cont9ues li/5+ z 9 a trance or dream2 ! objects :i* h resi/$ or yield$ to 8 h&s produce a simil> effect 9 8 head or m9d4 ,x is true t ! s5se ( sight alone supplies images2 & z x is a k9d ( t\*+ or feel+ :i* ext5ds ev5 to ! di/ance ( ! />s1 its imm5se diffusion enri*es ! imag9ation m ?an all ! o!r s5ses put toge!r4 ,!re are two descriptions ( imag9ation2 "o consi/s 9 reta9+ a simple impression ( objects2 ! o!r arranges ! images receiv$1 & comb9es !m 9 endless div]sity4 ,! fir/ has be5 call$ passive imag9ation1 & ! second active4 ,! passive sc>cely advances beyond memory1 & is common to man & to animals4 ,f ?is p[] or faculty x arises1 t ! sportsman & 8 dog bo? foll[ ! hunt$ game 9 _! dreams1 t !y bo? he> ! s\nd ( ! horn1 & ! "o %\ts & ! o!r b>ks 9 _! sleep4 ,bo? m5 & brutes d some?+ m ?an recollect on ^! occasions1 = dreams are nev] fai?ful & accurate images4 ,?is species ( imag9ation comp\nds objects1 b x is n ! und]/&+ :i* acts 9 x2 x is ! memory labor+ "u error4 ,?is passive imag9ation c]ta9ly requires no assi/ance f volition1 :e!r we are asleep or awake2 x pa9ts1 indep5d5tly ( ourselves1 :at our eyes h se52 x he>s :at our e>s h he>d1 & t\*es :at we h t\*$2 x adds to x or takes f x4 ,x is an int]nal s5se1 act+ necess>ily1 & accord+ly !re is no?+ m common1 9 speak+ ( any p>ticul> individual1 ?an to say1 he has no comm& ov] 8 imag9ation4 ,9 ?is respect we _c b see1 & be a/oni%$ at ! slight %>e ( p[] we really possess4 ,:5ce comes x1 t occasionally 9 dreams we compose mo/ coh]5t & eloqu5t disc\rses1 & v]ses f> sup]ior to :at we %\ld write on ! same subject if p]fectly awake8--t we ev5 solve complicat$ problems 9 ma!matics8 ,"h c]ta9ly !re are v comb9$ & complex ideas 9 no degree dep5d5t on ourselves4 ,b if x is inconte/able t coh]5t ideas are =m$ )9 u indep5d5tly ( our w 9 sleep1 :o c safely ass]t t !y are n produc$ 9 ! same mann] :5 we are awake8 ,is !re a man liv+ :o =esees ! idea :i* he w =m 9 8 m9d ! ensu+ m9ute8 ,does x n seem z if ideas 7 giv5 to u z mu* z ! motions ( our fibres2 & _h ,fa!r ,malebran*e m]ely ma9ta9$ ! pr9ciple t all ideas are giv5 by ,god1 c\ld any "o h successfully oppos$ him8 ,?is passive faculty1 indep5d5t ( reflection1 is ! s\rce ( our passions & our errors2 f> f be+ dep5d5t on ! w1 ! w is det]m9$ by x4 ,x urges u t[>ds ! objects :i* x pa9ts be=e u1 or div]ts u f !m1 j accord+ to ! nature ( ! exhibition ?us made ( !m by x4 ,! image ( a dang] inspires fe>2 t ( a b5efit excites desire4 ,x is ?is faculty alone :i* produces ! en?usiasm ( glory1 ( p>ty1 ( fanaticism2 x is ?is :i* produces s _m m5tal ali5ations & disord]s1 mak+ weak bra9s1 :5 p[]fully impress$1 conceive t _! bodies are metamorphos$ into v>i\s animals1 t !y are possess$ by demons1 t !y are "u ! inf]nal dom9ion ( wit*craft1 & t !y are 9 reality go+ to unite ) sorc]]s 9 ! wor%ip ( ! devil1 because !y h be5 told t !y 7 go+ to d s4 ,?is species ( slavi% imag9ation1 :i* g5]ally is ! lot ( ignorant p1 has be5 ! in/rum5t :i* ! imag9ation ( "s m5 has employ$ to acquire & reta9 p[]4 ,x is1 moreov]1 ?is passive imag9ation ( bra9s easily excit$ & agitat$1 :i* sometimes produces on ! bodies ( *ildr5 evid5t m>ks ( ! impression receiv$ by ! "m2 examples ( ?is k9d are inde$ innum]able1 & ! writ] ( ?is article has se5 "s s /rik+ t1 7 he to d5y !m1 he mu/ contradict 8 own ocul> demon/ration4 ,?is effect ( imag9ation is incapable ( be+ expla9$2 b e o!r op]ation ( nature is equally s2 we h no cle>] idea h[ we h p]ceptions1 h[ we reta9 !m1 or h[ we comb9e !m4 ,!re is an inf9ity betwe5 u & ! spr+s or fir/ pr9ciples ( our nature4 ,active imag9ation is t :i* jo9s comb9ation & reflection to memory4 ,x br+s ne> to u _m objects at a di/ance2 x sep>ates ^? mix$ toge!r1 comp\nds !m1 & *anges !m2 x seems to create1 :ile 9 fact x m]ely arranges2 = x has n be5 giv5 to man to make ideas--he is only able to modify !m4 ,?is active imag9ation !n is 9 reality a faculty z indep5d5t ( ourselves z passive imag9ation2 & "o pro( ( its n dep5d+ ^u ourselves is t1 if we propose to a hundr$ p]sons1 equally ignorant1 to imag9e a c]ta9 new ma*9e1 n9ety-n9e ( !m w =m no imag9ation at all ab\t x1 not)/&+ all _! endeavors4 ,if ! hundr$? imag9es some?+1 is x n cle> t x is a p>ticul> gift or tal5t :i* he has receiv$8 ,x is ?is gift :i* is call$ g5ius2 x is 9 ?is t we recognize some?+ inspir$ & div9e4 ,?is gift ( nature is an imag9ation inv5tive 9 ! arts--9 ! disposition ( a picture1 9 ! /ructure ( a poem4 ,x _c exi/ )\t memory1 b x uses memory z an in/rum5t ) :i* x produces all its p]=mances4 ,9 consequ5ce ( hav+ se5 t a l>ge /one :i* ! h& ( man c\ld n move1 might be mov$ by means ( a /aff1 active imag9ation inv5t$ lev]s1 & aft]w>ds comp\nd mov+ =ces1 :i* are no o!r ?an disguis$ lev]s4 ,x is necess>y to figure 9 ! m9d ! ma*9es ) _! v>i\s effects & processes1 9 ord] to ! actual production ( !m4 ,x is n ?is description ( imag9ation t is call$ by ! vulg> ! enemy ( judgm5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 x c only act 9 union ) pr(\nd judgm5t2 x incessantly comb9es its pictures1 corrects its errors1 & raises all its edifices accord+ to calculation & ^u a plan4 ,!re is an a/oni%+ imag9ation 9 practical ma!matics2 & ,ar*im$es _h at lea/ z mu* imag9ation z ,hom]4 ,x is by ?is p[] t a poet creates 8 p]sonages1 appropriates to !m *>act]s & mann]s1 inv5ts 8 fable1 pres5ts ! exposition ( x1 con/ructs its complexity1 & prep>es its developm5t2 a labor1 all ?is1 requir+ judgm5t ! mo/ pr(\nd & ! mo/ delicately discrim9ative4 ,a v high degree ( art is necess>y 9 all ^! imag9ative inv5tions1 & ev5 9 romances4 ,^? :i* are defici5t 9 ?is quality are neglect$ & despis$ by all m9ds ( natural good ta/e4 ,an inv>iably s\nd judgm5t p]vades all ! fables ( sop4 ,!y w nev] cease to be ! delight ( mank9d4 ,!re is m imag9ation 9 ! ,fairy ,tales2 b ^! fanta/ic imag9ations1 de/itute ( ord] & good s5se1 c nev] be 9 high e/eem2 !y are read *ildi%ly1 & mu/ be condemn$ by reason4 ,! second "p ( active imag9ation is t ( detail1 & x is ?is to :i* ! _w di/+ui%+ly applies ! t]m4 ,x is ?is :i* con/itutes ! *>m ( conv]sation1 = x is con/antly pres5t+ to ! m9d :at mank9d are mo/ fond (--new objects4 ,x pa9ts 9 vivid colors :at m5 ( cold & res]v$ temp]am5t h>dly sket*2 x employs ! mo/ /rik+ circum/ances2 x cites ! mo/ appropriate examples2 & :5 ?is tal5t displays itself 9 union ) ! mode/y & simplicity :i* become & adorn all tal5ts1 x conciliates to itself an empire ov] society4 ,man is s completely a ma*9e t w9e sometimes produces ?is imag9ation1 z intoxication de/roys x4 ,?is is a topic to excite at once humiliation & wond]4 ,h[ c x happ5 t a small quantity ( a c]ta9 liquor1 :i* w\ld prev5t a man f effect+ an important calculation1 %all at ! same "t be/[ on him ! mo/ brilliant ideas8 ,x is 9 poetry p>ticul>ly t ?is imag9ation ( detail & expression ought to prevail4 ,x is always agreeable1 b !re x is necess>y4 ,9 ,hom]1 ,virgil1 & ,horace1 almo/ all is imag]y1 )\t ev5 ! read]'s p]ceiv+ x4 ,trag$y requires few] images1 few] picturesque expressions & sublime metaphors & allegories ?an ! epic poem & ! ode2 b ! great] "p ( ^! beauties1 "u discreet & able managem5t1 produce an admirable effect 9 trag$y2 !y %\ld nev]1 h[ev]1 be =c$1 /ilt$1 or gigantic4 ,active imag9ation1 :i* con/itutes m5 poets1 conf]s on !m en?usiasm1 accord+ to ! true mean+ ( ! ,greek ^w1 t int]nal emotion :i* 9 reality agitates ! m9d & trans=ms ! au?or into ! p]sonage :om he introduces z ! speak]2 = su* is ! true en?usiasm1 :i* consi/s 9 emotion & imag]y4 ,an au?or "u ?is influ5ce says precisely :at w\ld be said by ! "* he is exhibit+4 ,less imag9ation is admissible 9 eloqu5ce ?an 9 poetry4 ,! reason is obvi\s--ord9>y disc\rse %\ld be less remote f common ideas4 ,! orator speaks ! language ( all2 ! f\ndation ( ! poet's p]=mance is fiction4 ,accord+ly1 imag9ation is ! ess5ce ( 8 art2 to ! orator x is only an accessory4 ,p>ticul> traits or t\*es ( imag9ation h1 x is obs]v$1 add$ great beauties to pa9t+4 ,t artifice especially is (t5 cit$1 by :i* ! arti/ cov]s ) a veil ! head ( ,agamemnon at ! sacrifice ( ,iphig5ia2 an exp$i5t1 nev]!less1 f> less beautiful ?an if ! pa9t] _h possess$ ! secret ( exhibit+ 9 ! c\nt5ance ( ,agamemnon ! conflict betwe5 ! grief ( a fa!r1 ! maje/y ( a mon>*1 & ! resignation ( a good man to ! w ( heav52 z ,rub5s _h ! skill to pa9t 9 ! looks & attitude ( ,m>y de ,m$ici ! pa9 ( *ildbir?1 ! joy ( be+ deliv]$ ( a son1 & ! mat]nal affection ) :i* %e looks ^u h] *ild4 ,9 g5]al1 ! imag9ations ( pa9t]s :5 !y are m]ely +5i\s1 contribute m to exhibit ! le>n+ 9 ! arti/ ?an to increase ! beauty ( ! art4 ,all ! allegorical compositions 9 ! _w are n wor? ! ma/]ly execution & f9e f9i% :i* con/itute ! true value ( pa9t+s4 ,9 all ! arts1 ! mo/ beautiful imag9ation is always ! mo/ natural4 ,! false is t :i* br+s toge!r objects incompatible2 ! extravagant pa9ts objects :i* h no analogy1 allegory1 or resemblance4 ,a /rong imag9ation explores ev]y?+ to ! bottom2 a weak "o skims ov] ! surface2 ! placid "o reposes 9 agreeable pictures2 ! ard5t "o piles images ^u images4 ,! judici\s or sage imag9ation is t :i* employs ) discrim9ation all ^! diff]5t *>act]s1 b :i* r>ely admits ! extravagant & always rejects ! false4 ,if memory n\ri%$ & ex]cis$ be ! s\rce ( all imag9ation1 t same faculty ( memory1 :5 ov]*>g$1 becomes ! ext9ction ( x4 ,accord+ly1 ! man ^: head is full ( names & dates does n possess t /oreh\se ( mat]ials f :i* he c d]ive comp\nd images4 ,m5 occupi$ 9 calculation1 or ) intricate matt]s ( bus9ess1 h g5]ally a v b>r5 imag9ation4 ,:5 imag9ation is rem>kably /irr+ & ard5t1 x may easily deg5]ate into madness2 b x has be5 obs]v$ t ?is morbid affection ( ! organs ( ! bra9 m frequ5tly atta*es to ^? passive imag9ations :i* are limit$ to receiv+ /rong impressions ( objects ?an to ^? f]vid & active ones :i* collect & comb9e ideas2 = ?is active imag9ation always requires ! association ( judgm5t1 ! o!r is indep5d5t ( x4 ,x is n p]haps useless to add to ?is essay1 t by ! words p]ception1 memory1 imag9ation1 & judgm5t1 we d n mean di/9ct & sep>ate organs1 "o ( :i* has ! gift ( p]ceiv+1 ano!r ( recollect+1 ! ?ird ( imag9+1 & ! la/ ( judg+4 ,m5 are m incl9$1 ?an "s are aw>e1 to consid] ^! z completely di/9ct & sep>ate faculties4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 "o & ! same be+ t p]=ms all ^! op]ations1 :i* we "k only by _! effects1 )\t be+ able to "k any?+ ( t be+ itself4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,brutes possess imag9ation z well z ourselves2 y\r dog1 = example1 hunts 9 8 dreams4 ,objects are pa9t$ 9 ! fancy1 says ,desc>tes1 z o!rs h also said4 ,c]ta9ly !y are2 b :at is ! fancy1 & h[ are objects pa9t$ 9 x8 ,is x ) ! subtle matt]8 ,h[ c ,i tell is ! appropriate answ] to all que/ions ?us affect+ ! fir/ pr9ciples ( human organization4 ,no?+ ent]s ! und]/&+ )\t an image4 ,x 0 necess>y1 9 ord] to our obta9+ ! confus$ idea we possess ( inf9ite space1 t we %\ld h an idea ( a space ( a few feet4 ,x is necess>y1 9 ord] to our hav+ ! idea ( ,god1 t ! image ( some?+ m p[]ful ?an ourselves %\ld h long dwelt ^u our m9ds4 ,we d n create a s+le idea or image4 ,i defy y to create "o4 ,ario/o did n make ,a/olpho travel to ! moon till long aft] he _h he>d ( ! moon1 ( ,/4 ,john1 & ( ! ,palad9s4 ,we make no images2 we only collect & comb9e !m4 ,! extravagances ( ! ,?\s& & ,"o ,nights & ! ,fairy ,tales are m]ely comb9ations4 ,he :o comprises mo/ images 9 ! /oreh\se ( 8 memory is ! p]son :o possesses mo/ imag9ation4 ,! difficulty is 9 n br++ toge!r ^! images 9 pr(usion1 )\t any selection4 ,y might employ a :ole day 9 repres5t+1 )\t any toilsome ef=t1 & almo/ )\t any att5tion1 a f9e old man ) a long be>d1 clo!d 9 ample drap]y1 & borne 9 ! mid/ ( a cl\d re/+ on *ubby *ildr5 ) beautiful w+s atta*$ to _! %\ld]s1 or ^u an eagle ( imm5se size & gr&eur2 all ! gods & animals surr\nd+ him2 gold5 tripods runn+ to arrive at 8 c\ncil2 :eels revolv+ by _! own self-motion1 advanc+ z !y revolve2 hav+ f\r faces cov]$ ) eyes1 e>s1 tongues1 & noses2 & betwe5 ^! tripods & :eels an imm5se multitude ( dead resuscitat$ by ! cra% ( ?und]2 ! cele/ial sph]es danc+ & jo9+ 9 h>moni\s conc]t1 etc4 ,! lunatic asylum ab\nds 9 su* imag9ations4 ,we may1 9 deal+ ) ! subject ( imag9ation di/+ui%3 #a4 ,! imag9ation :i* disposes ( ! ev5ts ( a poem1 romance1 trag$y1 or com$y1 & :i* atta*es ! *>act]s & passions to ! diff]5t p]sonages4 ,?is requires ! pr(\nde/ judgm5t & ! mo/ exquisite k ( ! human he>t2 tal5ts absolutely indisp5sable2 b ) :i*1 h[ev]1 no?+ has yet be5 done b m]ely lay+ ! f\ndation ( ! edifice4 #b4 ,! imag9ation :i* gives to all ^! p]sonages ! eloqu5ce or diction appropriate to _! rank1 suitable to _! /ation4 ,"h is ! great art & difficulty2 b ev5 aft] do+ ?is !y h n done en\gh4 #c4 ,! imag9ation 9 ! expression1 by :i* e ^w pa9ts an image 9 ! m9d )\t a/oni%+ or ov]:elm+ x2 z 9 ,virgil3 4444 ,remigium al>um4--,,neid1 vi1 #ai4 ,mr5tem abjung5s frat]na morte juv5cum4 --,,georgics1 iii1 #eag4 4444 ,velorum p&imus alas4--,,neid1 iii1 #ebj4 ,p5d5t circum oscula nati4--,,georgics1 ii1 #ebc4 ,immortale jecur tund5s fecundaque pnis ,visc]a4--,,neid1 vi1 #eih-eii4 ,et caligantem nigra =mid9e lucum4 --,,georgics1 iv1 #dfh4 ,fata vocant1 conditque natantia lum9a somnus4 --,,georgics1 iv1 #dif4 ,virgil is full ( ^! picturesque expressions1 ) :i* he enri*es ! ,lat9 language1 & :i* are s difficult to be translat$ into our ,european j>gons--! crook$ & lame (fspr+ ( a well-=m$ & maje/ic sire1 b :i*1 h[ev]1 h "s m]it ( _! own1 & h done "s tol]ably good ?+s 9 _! way4 ,!re is an a/oni%+ imag9ation1 ev5 9 ! sci5ce ( ma!matics4 ,an inv5tor mu/ beg9 ) pa9t+ correctly 9 8 m9d ! figure1 ! ma*9e inv5t$ by him1 & its prop]ties or effects4 ,we repeat !re 0 f> m imag9ation 9 ! head ( ,ar*im$es ?an 9 t ( ,hom]4 ,z ! imag9ation ( a great ma!matician mu/ possess extreme precision1 s mu/ t ( a great poet be exce$+ly correct & *a/e4 ,he mu/ nev] pres5t images t are incompatible ) ea* o!r1 incoh]5t1 highly exagg]at$1 or unsuitable to ! nature ( ! subject4 ,! great fault ( "s writ]s :o h appe>$ s9ce ! age ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 is attempt+ a con/ant display ( imag9ation1 & fatigu+ ! read] by ! pr(use abundance ( f>-fet*$ images & d\ble rhymes1 "o-half ( :i* may be pron\nc$ absolutely useless4 ,x is ?is :i* at l5g? br\ght into neglect & obscurity a numb] ( small poems1 su* z ,v] ,v]t1 ,! ,*>treuse1 & ,! ,%ades1 :i* at "o p]iod possess$ consid]able celebrity4 ,m]e s\nd+ sup]fluity soon f9ds oblivion4 ,omne sup]vacuum pl5o depectore manat4 --,,horace1 ,art ( ,poetry1 #hcg4 ,! active & ! passive imag9ation h be5 di/+ui%$ 9 ! ,encyclopdia4 ,! active is t ( :i* we h treat$4 ,x is ! tal5t ( =m+ new pictures out ( all ^? conta9$ 9 our memory4 ,! passive is sc>cely any?+ beyond memory itself1 ev5 9 a bra9 "u /rong emotion4 ,a man ( an active & f]vid imag9ation1 a prea*] ( ! ,league 9 ,france1 or a ,puritan 9 ,engl&1 h>angues ! populace ) a voice ( ?und]1 ) an eye ( fire1 & ! ge/ure ( a demoniac1 & repres5ts ,jesus ,*ri/ z dem&+ ju/ice ( ! ,et]nal ,fa!r = ! new w\nds he has receiv$ f ! royali/s1 = ! nails :i* h be5 driv5 = ! second "t ?r\gh 8 feet & h&s by ^! impi\s miscreants4 ,av5ge1 ,o ,god ! ,fa!r1 av5ge ! blood ( ,god ! ,son2 m>* "u ! bann] ( ! ,holy ,_s2 x 0 =m]ly a dove1 b is n[ an eagle be>+ ?und]6 ,! passive imag9ations1 r\s$ & /imulat$ by ^! images1 by ! voice1 by ! action ( ^? sangu9>y empirics1 urge ! madd5$ he>]s to ru% ) fury f ! *apel or meet+ h\se1 to kill _! oppon5ts & get !mselves hang$4 ,p]sons ( passive imag9ations1 = ! sake ( high & viol5t excitem5t1 g sometimes to ! s]mon & sometimes to ! play2 sometimes to ! place ( execution2 & sometimes ev5 to :at !y suppose to be ! midnight & appall+ meet+s ( presum$ sorc]]s4 ,,impi\s4 ,:o is ! impi\s man8 ,x is he :o exhibits ! ,be+ ( ,be+s1 ! great =m] ( ! _w1 ! et]nal intellig5ce by :om all nature is gov]n$1 ) a long :ite be>d1 & hav+ h&s & feet4 ,h[ev]1 he is p>donable = 8 impiety--a weak & ignorant creature1 ! sight or conduct ( :om we ought n to all[ to provoke or to vex u4 ,if he %\ld ev5 pa9t t great & incompreh5sible ,be+ z c>ri$ on a cl\d1 :i* c c>ry no?+2 if he is s /upid z to place ,god 9 a mi/1 9 ra91 or on a m\nta91 & to surr\nd him ) little r\nd1 *ubby1 pa9t$ faces1 accompani$ by two w+s1 ,i c smile & p>don him ) all my he>t4 ,! impi\s man1 :o ascribes to ! ,be+ ( ,be+s absurd pr$ictions & absolute iniquities1 w\ld c]ta9ly provoke me1 if t ,great ,be+ _h n be/[$ ^u me ! gift ( reason to control my ang]4 ,?is s5seless fanatic repeats to me once m :at ?\s&s ( o!rs h said be=e him1 t x is n our prov9ce to decide :at is reasonable & j 9 ! ,great ,be+2 t ,8 reason is n l our reason1 nor ,8 ju/ice l our ju/ice4 ,:at !n1 my r too absurd & zeal\s fri5d1 w\ld y really wi% me to judge ( ju/ice & reason by any o!r notions ?an ,i h ( !m myself8 ,w\ld y h me walk o!rwise ?an ) my feet1 or speak o!rwise ?an ) my m\?8 ,! impi\s man1 :o supposes ! ,great ,be+ to be jeal\s1 pr\d1 malignant1 & v9dictive1 is m dang]\s4 ,i w\ld n sleep "u ! same ro( ) su* a man4 ,b h[ w y treat ! impi\s man1 ! d>+ blasphem]1 :o says to y3 ,see only ) my eyes2 d n ?9k = y\rself2 ,i proclaim to y a tyrant ,god1 :o orda9$ me to be y\r tyrant2 ,i am ,8 well-belov$2 ,he w torm5t to all et]nity millions ( ,8 creatures1 :om ,he dete/s1 = ! sake ( gratify+ me2 ,i w be y\r ma/] 9 ?is _w & w laugh at y\r torm5ts 9 ! next6 ,d y n feel a v /rong incl9ation to beat ?is cruel blasphem]8 ,&1 ev5 if y happ5 to be born ) a meek & =giv+ _s1 w\ld y n fly ) ! utmo/ spe$ to ! ,we/1 :5 ?is b>b>ian utt]s 8 atroci\s rev]ies 9 ! ,ea/8 ,) respect to ano!r & v diff]5t class ( ! impi\s--^? :o1 :ile wa%+ _! elb[s1 neglect to turn _! faces t[>ds ,aleppo & ,erivan1 or :o d n kneel d[n 9 ! dirt on see+ a procession ( capu*9 fri>s at ,p]pignan1 !y are c]ta9ly culpable2 b ,i h>dly ?9k !y ought to be impal$4 ,,impo/4 ,,section ,i4 ,s _m philosophical works h be5 writt5 on ! nature ( impo/1 t we ne$ say v little ab\t x "h4 ,x is true t no?+ is less philosophical ?an ?is subject2 b x may ent] into moral philosophy by repres5t+ to a sup]9t5d5t ( f9ances or to a ,turki% teft>d> t x accords n ) univ]sal morals to take 8 neighbor's money2 & t all receiv]s & cu/om-h\se (fic]s & collectors ( taxes are curs$ 9 ! gospel4 ,curs$ z !y are1 x mu/1 h[ev]1 be agre$ t x is impossible = society to subsi/ unless ea* memb] pays some?+ t[>ds ! exp5ses ( x2 & z1 s9ce e "o ought to pay1 x is necess>y to h a receiv]1 we d n see :y ?is receiv] is to be curs$ & reg>d$ z an idolat]4 ,!re is c]ta9ly no idolatry 9 receiv+ money ( gue/s to-day = _! supp]4 ,9 republics1 & /ates :i* ) ! "n ( k+doms are really republics1 e individual is tax$ accord+ to 8 means & to ! wants ( society4 ,9 despotic k+doms--or to speak m politely--9 mon>*ical /ates1 x is n q ! same--! nation is tax$ )\t consult+ x4 ,an agriculturi/ :o has twelve hundr$ livres ( rev5ue is q a/oni%$ :5 f\r hundr$ are dem&$ ( him4 ,!re are sev]al :o are ev5 oblig$ to pay m ?an half ( :at !y receive4 ,! cultivator dem&s :y ! half ( 8 =tune is tak5 f him to pay soldi]s1 :5 ! hundr$? "p w\ld suffice4 ,he is answ]$ t1 besides ! soldi]s1 he mu/ pay = luxury & ! arts2 t no?+ is lo/2 & t 9 ,p]sia t[ns & villages are assign$ to ! que5 to pay = h] girdles1 slipp]s1 & p9s4 ,he replies t he kn[s no?+ ( ! hi/ory ( ,p]sia1 & t he %\ld be v indignant if half 8 =tune 7 tak5 = girdles1 p9s1 & %oes2 t he w\ld furni% !m f a bett] m>ket1 & t he endures a griev\s imposition4 ,he is made to he> reason by be+ put into a dungeon1 & hav+ 8 goods put up to sale4 ,if he resi/s ! tax-collectors :om ! ,new ,te/am5t has damn$1 he is hang$1 :i* r5d]s all 8 neighbors inf9itely accommodat+4 ,7 ?is money employ$ by ! sov]eign 9 import+ spices f ,india1 c(fee f ,mo*a1 ,engli% & ,arabian horses1 silks f ! ,levant1 & gew-gaws f ,*9a1 x is cle> t 9 a few ye>s !re w\ld n rema9 a s+le s\s 9 ! k+dom4 ,! taxes1 !re=e1 s]ve to ma9ta9 ! manufactur]s2 & s f> :at is p\r$ into ! c(f]s ( ! pr9ce returns to ! cultivators4 ,!y suff]1 !y compla91 & o!r p>ts ( ! /ate suff] & compla9 also2 b at ! end ( ! ye> !y f9d t e "o has labor$ & liv$ "s way or o!r4 ,if by *ance a cl[n goes to ! capital1 he sees ) a/oni%m5t a f9e lady dress$ 9 a g[n ( silk embroid]$ ) gold1 drawn 9 a magnific5t c>riage by two valuable horses1 & foll[$ by f\r lackeys dress$ 9 a clo? ( tw5ty francs an ell4 ,he addresses himself to "o ( ^! lackeys1 & says to him3 ,sir1 :]e does ?is lady get money to make su* an exp5sive appe>ance8 ,my fri5d1 says ! lackey1 ! k+ all[s h] a p5sion ( =ty ?\s& livres4 ,alas1 says ! ru/ic1 x is my village :i* pays ?is p5sion4 ,yes1 answ]s ! s]vant2 b ! silk t y h ga!r$ & sold has made ! /uff 9 :i* %e is dress$2 my clo? is a "p ( ?y %eep's wool2 my bak] has made my bread ( ?y corn2 ?\ ha/ sold at m>ket ! v f[ls t we eat2 ?us ?\ see/ t ! p5sion ( madame returns to !e & ?y comrades4 ,! peasant does n absolutely agree ) ! axioms ( ?is philosophical lackey2 b "o pro( t !re is some?+ true 9 8 answ] is t ! village exi/s1 & produces *ildr5 :o also compla91 & :o br+ =? *ildr5 aga9 to compla94 ,,section ,,ii4 ,if we 7 oblig$ to read all ! edicts ( taxation1 & all ! books writt5 aga9/ !m1 t w\ld be ! greate/ tax ( all4 ,we well "k t taxes are necess>y1 & t ! mal$iction pron\nc$ 9 ! gospel only reg>ds ^? :o abuse _! employm5t to h>ass ! p4 ,p]haps ! copyi/ =got a ^w1 z = in/ance ! epi!t pravus4 ,x might h meant pravus publicanus2 ?is ^w 0 mu* m necess>y1 z ! g5]al mal$iction is a =mal contradiction to ! words put into ! m\? ( ,jesus ,*ri/3 ,r5d] unto ,cs> ! ?+s :i* are ,cs>'s4 ,c]ta9ly ^? :o collect$ ! dues ( ,cs> ought n to h be5 held 9 horror4 ,x w\ld h be51 at once1 insult+ ! ord] ( ,roman ,knights & ! emp]or himself2 no?+ c\ld h be5 m ill-advis$4 ,9 all civiliz$ c\ntries ! impo/s are great1 because ! *>ges ( ! /ate are heavy4 ,9 ,spa9 ! articles ( comm]ce s5t to ,cadiz1 & !nce to ,am]ica1 pay m ?an ?irty p] c5t4 be=e _! transit is accompli%$4 ,9 ,engl& all duty ^u importation is v consid]able2 h[ev]1 x is paid )\t murmur+2 !re is ev5 a pride 9 pay+ x4 ,a m]*ant boa/s ( putt+ f\r or five ?\s& gu9eas a ye> into ! public treasury4 ,! ri*] a c\ntry is1 ! heavi] are ! taxes4 ,speculators w\ld h taxes fall on l&$ productions only4 ,:at6 hav+ s[n a field ( flax1 :i* w br+ me two hundr$ cr[ns1 by :i* flax a great manufactur] w ga9 two hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns by conv]t+ x into lace--mu/ ?is manufactur] pay no?+1 & %all ,i pay all1 because x is produc$ by my l&8 ,! wife ( ?is manufactur] w furni% ! que5 & pr9cesses ) f9e po9t ( ,al5on1 %e w be patroniz$2 h] son w become int5dant ( ju/ice1 police1 & f9ance1 & w augm5t my taxes 9 my mis]able old age4 ,ah6 g5tlem5 speculators1 y calculate badly2 y are unju/4 ,! great po9t is t an entire p be n despoil$ by an army ( alguazils1 9 ord] t a score ( t[n or c\rt lee*es may fea/ ^u its blood4 ,! ,duke de ,sully relates1 9 8 ,political ,economy1 t 9 #aehe !re 7 j tw5ty lords int]e/$ 9 ! leases ( f>ms1 to :om ! highe/ bidd]s gave ?ree million two hundr$ & =ty-eight ?\s& cr[ns4 ,x 0 /ill worse "u ,*>les ,,ix41 & ,francis ,i41 & ,l\is ,,xiii4 ,!re 0 n less depr$ation 9 ! m9ority ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,france1 not)/&+ s _m w\nds1 is /ill 9 be+4 ,yes2 b if x _h n receiv$ !m x w\ld h be5 9 bett] heal?4 ,x 0 ?us ) sev]al o!r /ates4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,x is j t ^? :o enjoy ! advantages ( a gov]nm5t %\ld support ! *>ges4 ,! ecclesia/ics & monks1 :o possess great prop]ty1 = ?is reason %\ld contribute to ! taxes 9 all c\ntries1 l o!r citiz5s4 ,9 ! times :i* we call b>b>\s1 great b5efices & abbeys ,7 tax$ 9 ,france to ! ?ird ( _! rev5ue4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,duke ,,( ,,sully4 ,by a /atute ( ! ye> #aahh1 ,philip ,augu/us impos$ a t5? ( ! rev5ues ( all b5efices4 ,philip le ,bel caus$ ! fif?1 aft]w>ds ! fifte5?1 & f9ally ! tw5tie? "p1 to be paid1 ( all ! possessions ( ! cl]gy4 ,k+ ,john1 by a /atute ( ,m>* #ab1 #acee1 tax$ bi%ops1 abbots1 *apt]s1 & all ecclesia/ics g5]ally1 to ! t5? ( ! rev5ue ( _! b5efices & patrimonies4 ,! same pr9ce confirm$ ?is tax by two o!r /atutes1 "o ( ,m>* #c1 ! o!r ( ,dec4 #bh1 #aceh4 ,9 ! lett]s-pat5t ( ,*>les ,v41 ( ,june #bb1 #acgb1 x is decre$1 t ! *ur*m5 %all pay taxes & o!r real & p]sonal impo/s4 ,^! lett]s-pat5t 7 r5ew$ by ,*>les ,,vi4 9 ! ye> #acij4 ,h[ is x t ^! laws h be5 aboli%$1 :ile s _m mon/r\s cu/oms & sangu9>y decrees h be5 pres]v$8 ,! cl]gy1 inde$1 pay a tax "u ! "n ( a free gift1 &1 z x is kn[n1 x is pr9cipally ! poore/ & mo/ useful "p ( ! *ur*--! curates 7rectors7--:o pay ?is tax4 ,b1 :y ?is diff]5ce & inequality ( contributions betwe5 ! citiz5s ( ! same /ate8 ,:y d ^? :o enjoy ! greate/ pr]ogatives1 & :o are sometimes useless to ! public1 pay less ?an ! labor]1 :o is s necess>y8 ,! ,republic ( ,v5ice supplies rules on ?is subject1 :i* %\ld s]ve z examples to all ,europe4 ,,section ,,iv4 ,*ur*m5 h n only pret5d$ to be exempt f taxes1 !y h f\nd ! means 9 sev]al prov9ces to tax ! p1 & make !m pay z a legitimate "r4 ,9 sev]al c\ntries1 monks hav+ seiz$ ! ti!s to ! prejudice ( ! rectors1 ! peasants are oblig$ to tax !mselves1 to furni% _! pa/ors ) subsi/5ce2 & ?us 9 sev]al villages1 & above all1 9 ,fran*e-,comt1 besides ! ti!s :i* ! p>i%ion]s pay to ! monks or to *apt]s1 !y fur!r pay ?ree or f\r measures ( corn to _! curates or rectors4 ,?is tax 0 call$ ! "r ( h>ve/ 9 "s prov9ces1 & boisselage 9 o!rs4 ,x is no d\bt "r t curates %\ld be well paid1 b x w\ld be mu* bett] to give !m a "p ( ! ti!s :i* ! monks h tak5 f !m1 ?an to ov]*>ge ! poor cultivator4 ,s9ce ! k+ ( ,france fix$ ! compet5t all[ances = ! curates1 by 8 edict ( ! mon? ( ,may1 #agfh1 & *>g$ ! ti!-collectors ) pay+ !m1 ! peasants %\ld no long] be held to pay a second ti!1 a tax to :i* !y only volunt>ily submitt$ at a "t :5 ! influ5ce & viol5ce ( ! monks _h tak5 f _! pa/ors all means ( subsi/5ce4 ,! k+ has aboli%$ ?is second ti! 9 ,poit\1 by lett]s-pat5t1 regi/]$ by ! ,p>liam5t ( ,p>is ,july #aa1 #agfi4 ,x w\ld be well wor?y ( ! ju/ice & b5efic5ce ( 8 maje/y to make a simil> law = o!r prov9ces1 :i* are 9 ! same situation z ^? ( ,poit\1 ,fran*e-,comt1 etc4 ,by ,m4 ,,*r41 ,advocate ( ,besanon4 ,,impot5ce4 ,i comm5ce by ?is "q1 9 favor ( ! impot5t--frigidi et maleficiati1 z !y are d5om9at$ 9 ! decretals3 ,is !re a physician1 or exp]i5c$ p]son ( any description1 :o c be c]ta9 t a well-=m$ "y man1 :o has _h no *ildr5 by 8 wife1 may n h !m "s day or o!r8 ,nature may "k1 b m5 c tell no?+ ab\t x4 ,s9ce1 !n1 x is impossible to decide t ! m>riage may n be consummat$ "s "t or o!r1 :y dissolve x8 ,among ! ,romans1 on ! suspicion ( impot5ce1 a delay ( two ye>s 0 all[$1 & 9 ! ,novels ( ,ju/9ian ?ree are requir$2 b if 9 ?ree ye>s nature may be/[ capability1 %e may equally d s 9 sev51 t51 or tw5ty4 ,^? call$ maleficiati by ! anci5ts 7 (t5 consid]$ bewit*$4 ,^! *>ms 7 v anci5t1 & z !re 7 "s to take away virility1 s !re 7 o!rs to re/ore x2 bo? ( :i* are allud$ to 9 ,petronius4 ,?is illusion la/$ a long "t among u1 :o exorcis$ in/ead ( dis5*ant+2 & :5 exorcism succe$$ n1 ! m>riage 0 dissolv$4 ,! canon law made a great "q ( impot5ce4 ,might a man :o 0 prev5t$ by sorc]y f consummat+ 8 m>riage1 aft] be+ divorc$ & hav+ *ildr5 by a second wife--might su* man1 on ! dea? ( ! latt] wife1 reject ! fir/1 %\ld %e lay claim to him8 ,all ! great canoni/s decid$ 9 ! negative--,alex&] de ,nevo1 ,&rew ,alb]ic1 ,turrecremata1 ,soto1 & fifty m4 ,x is impossible to help admir+ ! sagacity display$ by ! canoni/s1 & above all by ! religi\s ( irreproa*able mann]s 9 _! developm5t ( ! my/]ies ( sexual int]c\rse4 ,!re is no s+ul>ity1 h[ev] /range1 on :i* !y h n treat$4 ,!y h discuss$ at l5g? all ! cases 9 :i* capability may exi/ at "o "t or situation1 & impot5ce 9 ano!r4 ,!y h inquir$ into all ! imag9>y inv5tions to assi/ nature2 & ) ! av[$ object ( di/+ui%+ t :i* is all[able f t :i* is n1 h expos$ all :i* ought to rema9 veil$4 ,x might be said ( !m3 ,nox nocti indicat sci5tiam4 ,above all1 ,san*ez has di/+ui%$ himself 9 collect+ cases ( consci5ce :i* ! bolde/ wife w\ld hesitate to submit to ! mo/ prud5t ( matrons4 ,"o qu]y leads to ano!r 9 almo/ endless succession1 until at l5g? a "q ( ! mo/ direct & extraord9>y nature is put1 z to ! mann] ( ! communication ( ! ,holy ,gho/ ) ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,^! extraord9>y rese>*es 7 nev] made by anybody 9 ! _w except !ologians2 & suits 9 relation to impot5cy 7 unkn[n until ! days ( ,!odosius4 ,9 ! ,gospel1 divorce is spok5 ( z all[able = adult]y alone4 ,! ,jewi% law p]mitt$ a husb& to repudiate a wife :o displeas$ him1 )\t specify+ ! cause4 ,if %e f\nd no favor 9 8 eyes1 t 0 suffici5t4 ,x is ! law ( ! /ronge/1 & exhibits human nature 9 its mo/ b>b>\s g>b4 ,! ,jewi% laws treat n ( impot5ce2 x w\ld appe>1 says a casui/1 t ,god w\ld n p]mit impot5cy to exi/ among a p :o 7 to multiply l ! s&s on ! sea%ore1 & to :om he _h sworn to be/[ ! imm5se c\ntry :i* lies betwe5 ! ,nile & ,euphrates1 &1 by 8 prophets1 to make lords ( ! :ole e>?4 ,to fulfil ^! div9e promises1 x 0 necess>y t e hone/ ,jew %\ld be occupi$ )\t ceas+ 9 ! great "w ( propagation4 ,!re 0 c]ta9ly a curse ^u impot5cy2 ! "t n hav+ !n arriv$ = ! dev\t to make !mselves eunu*s = ! k+dom ( heav54 ,m>riage 9 ! c\rse ( "t hav+ arriv$ at ! dignity ( a sacram5t & a my/]y1 ! ecclesia/ics ins5sibly became judges ( all :i* took place betwe5 husb& & wife1 & n only s1 b ( all :i* did n take place4 ,wives possess$ ! lib]ty ( pres5t+ a reque/ to be embesognes--su* be+ our ,gallic t]m1 al?\gh ! causes 7 c>ri$ on 9 ,lat94 ,cl]ks plead$ & prie/s pron\nc$ judgm5t1 & ! process 0 uni=mly to decide two po9ts--:e!r ! man 0 bewit*$1 or ! woman want$ ano!r husb&4 ,:at appe>s mo/ extraord9>y is t all ! canoni/s agree t a husb& :om a spell or *>m has r5d]$ impot5t1 _c 9 consci5ce apply to o!r *>ms or magicians to de/roy x4 ,?is resembles ! reason+ ( ! regul>ly admitt$ surgeons1 :o hav+ ! exclusive privilege ( spread+ a pla/]1 assure u t we %all c]ta9ly die if we all[ ourselves to be cur$ by ! h& :i* has hurt u4 ,x might h be5 z well 9 ! fir/ place to inquire :e!r a sorc]] c really op]ate ^u ! virility ( ano!r man4 ,x may be add$ t _m weak-m9d$ p]sons fe>$ ! sorc]] m ?an !y confid$ 9 ! exorci/4 ,! sorc]] hav+ d]ang$ nature1 holy wat] alone w\ld n re/ore x4 ,9 ! cases ( impot5cy 9 :i* ! devil took no "p1 ! presid+ ecclesia/ics 7 n less emb>rass$4 ,we h1 9 ! ,decretals1 ! fam\s head ,de frigidis et maleficiatis1 :i* is v curi\s1 b altoge!r un9=m+4 ,! political use made ( x is exemplifi$ 9 ! case ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 ( ,ca/ile1 :o 0 decl>$ impot5t1 :ile surr\nd$ by mi/resses1 & possess$ ( a wife by :om he _h an heiress to ! ?rone2 b x 0 an ar*bi%op ( ,tol$o :o pron\nc$ ?is s5t5ce1 n ! pope4 ,alfonso1 k+ ( ,portugal1 0 treat$ 9 ! same mann]1 9 ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,?is pr9ce 0 kn[n *iefly by 8 f]ocity1 debau*]y1 & prodigi\s /r5g? ( body4 ,8 brutal excesses disgu/$ ! nation2 & ! que51 8 wife1 a pr9cess ( ,nem\rs1 be+ desir\s ( de?ron+ him1 & m>ry+ ! infant ,don ,p$ro 8 bro!r1 0 aw>e ( ! difficulty ( w$d+ two bro!rs 9 succession1 aft] ! kn[n circum/ance ( consummation ) ! eld]4 ,! example ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ( ,engl& intimidat$ h]1 & %e embrac$ ! resolution ( caus+ h] husb& to be decl>$ impot5t by ! *apt] ( ! ca!dral ( ,lisbon2 aft] :i* %e ha/5$ to m>ry 8 bro!r1 )\t ev5 wait+ = ! disp5sation ( ! pope4 ,! mo/ important pro( ( capability requir$ f p]sons accus$ ( impot5cy1 is t call$ ! congress4 ,! ,presid5t ,b\hi] says1 t ?is combat 9 an enclos$ field 0 adopt$ 9 ,france 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,& he ass]ts t x is kn[n 9 ,france only4 ,?is pro(1 ab\t :i* s mu* noise has be5 made1 0 n conduct$ precisely z p h imag9$4 ,x has be5 suppos$ t a conjugal consummation took place "u ! inspection ( physicians1 surgeons1 & midwives1 b su* 0 n ! fact4 ,! p>ties w5t to b$ 9 ! usual mann]1 & at a prop] "t ! inspectors1 :o 7 assembl$ 9 ! next room1 7 call$ on to pron\nce ^u ! case4 ,9 ! fam\s process ( ! ,m>quis de ,langeais1 decid$ 9 #afei1 he dem&$ ! congress2 & ow+ to ! managem5t ( 8 lady 7,m>ie de ,/4 ,simon7 did n succe$4 ,he dem&$ a second trial1 b ! judges1 fatigu$ ) ! clamors ( ! sup]/iti\s1 ! pla9ts ( ! prudes1 & ! raill]y ( ! wits1 refus$ x4 ,!y decl>$ ! m>quis impot5t1 8 m>riage void1 =bade him to m>ry aga91 & all[$ 8 wife to take ano!r husb&4 ,! m>quis1 h[ev]1 disreg>d$ ?is s5t5ce1 & m>ri$ ,diana de ,navailles1 by :om he _h sev5 *ildr56 ,8 fir/ wife be+ dead1 ! m>quis appeal$ to ! gr& *amb]la9 aga9/ ! s5t5ce :i* _h decl>$ him impot5t1 & *>g$ him ) ! co/s4 ,! gr& *amb]la91 s5sible ( ! ridicule applicable to ! :ole affair1 confirm$ 8 m>riage ) ,diana de ,navailles1 decl>$ him mo/ pot5t1 refus$ him ! co/s1 b aboli%$ ! c]emony ( ! congress altoge!r4 ,! ,presid5t ,b\hi] publi%$ a def5ce ( ! pro( by congress1 :5 x' 0 no long] 9 use4 ,he ma9ta9$1 t ! judges w\ld n h committ$ ! error ( aboli%+ x1 _h !y n be5 guilty ( ! previ\s error ( refus+ ! m>quis a second trial4 ,b if ! congress may prove indecisive1 h[ mu* m unc]ta9 are ! v>i\s o!r exam9ations _h rec\rse to 9 cases ( alleg$ impot5cy8 ,ought n ! :ole ( !m to be adj\rn$1 z 9 ,a!ns1 = a hundr$ ye>s8 ,^! causes are %ameful to wives1 ridicul\s = husb&s1 & unwor?y ( ! tribunals1 & x w\ld be bett] n to all[ !m at all4 ,yes1 x may be said1 b1 9 t case1 m>riage w\ld n insure issue4 ,a great mis=tune1 truly1 :ile ,europe conta9s ?ree hundr$ ?\s& monks & eighty ?\s& nuns1 :o volunt>ily ab/a9 f propagat+ _! k9d4 ,,inali5ation--,,inali5able4 ,! doma9s ( ! ,roman emp]ors 7 anci5tly inali5able--x 0 ! sacr$ doma94 ,! b>b>ians came & r5d]$ x altoge!r inali5able4 ,! same ?+ happ5$ to ! imp]ial ,greek doma94 ,aft] ! re-e/abli%m5t ( ! ,roman ,empire 9 ,g]many1 ! sacr$ doma9 0 decl>$ inali5able by ! prie/s1 al?\gh !re rema9s n at pres5t a cr[n's wor? ( t]ritory to ali5ate4 ,all ! k+s ( ,europe1 :o affect to imitate ! emp]ors1 h _h _! inali5able doma94 ,francis ,i41 hav+ effect$ 8 lib]ty by ! cession ( ,burgundy1 c\ld f9d no o!r exp$i5t to pres]ve x1 ?an a /ate decl>ation1 t ,burgundy 0 inali5able2 & 0 s =tunate z to violate bo? 8 honor & ! treaty ) impunity4 ,accord+ to ?is jurisprud5ce1 e k+ may acquire ! dom9ions ( ano!r1 :ile incapable ( los+ any ( 8 own4 ,s t1 9 ! end1 ea* w\ld be possess$ ( ! prop]ty ( somebody else4 ,! k+s ( ,france & ,engl& possess v little special doma93 _! g5u9e & m effective doma9 is ! purses ( _! subjects4 ,,ince/4 ,! ,t>t>s1 says ! ,_s ( ,laws1 :o may legally w$ _! daught]s1 nev] esp\se _! mo!rs4 ,x is n kn[n ( :at ,t>t>s our au?or speaks1 :o cites too mu* at r&om3 we "k n at pres5t ( any p1 f ! ,crimea to ! fronti]s ( ,*9a1 :o are 9 ! habit ( esp\s+ _! daught]s4 ,moreov]1 if x be all[$ = ! fa!r to m>ry 8 daught]1 :y may n a son w$ 8 "m8 ,montesquieu cites an au?or nam$ ,priscus ,panetes1 a sophi/ :o liv$ 9 ! "t ( ,attila4 ,?is au?or says t ,attila m>ri$ ) 8 daught] ,esca1 accord+ to ! mann] ( ! ,scy?ians4 ,?is ,priscus has nev] be5 pr9t$1 b rema9s 9 manuscript 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,vatican2 & ,jorn&es alone makes m5tion ( x4 ,x is n all[able to quote ! legislation ( a p on su* au?ority4 ,no "o kn[s ?is ,esca1 or ev] he>d ( h] m>riage ) h] fa!r ,attila4 ,i confess ,i h nev] believ$ t ! ,p]sians esp\s$ _! daught]s1 al?\gh 9 ! "t ( ! ,cs>s ! ,romans accus$ !m ( x1 to r5d] !m odi\s4 ,x might be t "s ,p]sian pr9ce committ$ ince/1 & ! turpitude ( an individual 0 imput$ to ! :ole nation4 ,quidquid delirant reges1 plectuntur ,a*ivi4 --,,horace1 i1 epi/le ii1 #ad4 4444,:5 dot+ mon>*s urge ,uns\nd resolves1 _! subjects feel ! sc\rge4 --,,francis4 ,i believe t ! anci5t ,p]sians 7 p]mitt$ to m>ry ) _! si/]s1 j z mu* z ,i believe x ( ! ,a!nians1 ! ,egyptians1 & ev5 ( ! ,jews4 ,f ! above x might be conclud$1 t x 0 common = *ildr5 to m>ry ) _! fa!rs or mo!rs2 :]eas ev5 ! m>riage ( c\s9s is =bidd5 among ! ,gueb]s at ?is day1 :o are held to ma9ta9 ! doctr9es ( _! =efa!rs z scrupul\sly z ! ,jews4 ,y w tell me t ev]y?+ is contradictory 9 ?is _w2 t x 0 =bidd5 by ! ,jewi% law to m>ry two si/]s1 :i* 0 deem$ a v indec5t act1 & yet ,jacob m>ri$ ,ra*el dur+ ! life ( h] eld] si/] ,leah2 & t ?is ,ra*el is evid5tly a type ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic & apo/olic *ur*4 ,y are d\btless "r1 b t prev5ts n an individual :o sleeps ) two si/]s 9 ,europe f be+ griev\sly c5sur$4 ,z to p[]ful & dignifi$ pr9ces1 !y may take ! si/]s ( _! wives = ! good ( _! /ates1 & ev5 _! own si/]s by ! same fa!r & "m1 if !y ?9k prop]4 ,x is a f> worse affair to h a comm]ce ) a gossip or godmo!r1 :i* 0 deem$ an unp>donable (f5ce by ! capitul>ies ( ,*>lemagne1 be+ call$ a spiritual ince/4 ,"o ,&ov]e1 :o is call$ que5 ( ,france1 because %e 0 ! wife ( a c]ta9 ,*ilp]ic1 :o reign$ ov] ,soissons1 0 /igmatiz$ by ecclesia/ical ju/ice1 c5sur$1 degrad$1 & divorc$1 = hav+ borne h] own *ild to ! baptismal font4 ,x 0 a mortal s91 a sacrilege1 a spiritual ince/2 & %e !reby =feit$ h] m>riage-b$ & cr[n4 ,?is app>5tly contradicts :at ,i h j obs]v$1 t ev]y?+ 9 ! way ( love is p]mitt$ to ! great1 b !n ,i spoke ( pres5t times1 & n ( ^? ( ,&ov]e4 ,z to c>nal ince/1 read ! advocate ,voglan1 :o w\ld absolutely h any two c\s9s burn$ :o fall into a weakness ( ?is k9d4 ,! advocate ,voglan is rigor\s--! unm]ciful ,celt4 ,,incubus4 ,h !re ev] be5 incubi & succubi8 ,our le>n$ juriconsults & demonologi/s admit bo? ! "o & ! o!r4 ,x is pret5d$ t ,satan1 always on ! al]t1 inspires "y ladies & g5tlem5 ) heat$ dreams1 & by a sort ( d\ble process produces extraord9>y consequ5ces1 :i* 9 po9t ( fact l$ to ! bir? ( s _m h]oes & demigods 9 anci5t times4 ,! devil took a great deal ( sup]flu\s tr\ble3 he _h only to leave ! "y p alone1 & ! _w w be suffici5tly suppli$ ) h]oes )\t any assi/ance f him4 ,an idea may be =m$ ( incubi by ! explanation ( ! great ,delrio1 ( ,boguets1 & o!r writ]s le>n$ 9 sorc]y2 b !y fail 9 _! acc\nt ( succubi4 ,a female might pret5d to believe t %e _h communicat$ ) & 0 pregnant by a god1 ! explication ( ,delrio be+ v favorable to ! assumption4 ,! devil 9 ?is case acts ! "p ( an incubus1 b 8 p]=mances z a succubus are m inconceivable4 ,! gods & goddesses ( antiquity act$ mu* m nobly & decor\sly2 ,jupit] 9 p]son1 0 ! incubus ( ,alcm5a & ,semele2 ,!tis 9 p]son1 ! succubus ( ,peleus1 & ,v5us ( ,an*ises1 )\t hav+ rec\rse to ! v>i\s contrivances ( our extraord9>y demonism4 ,let u simply obs]ve1 t ! gods frequ5tly disguis$ !mselves1 9 _! pursuit ( our girls1 sometimes z an eagle1 sometimes z a pigeon1 a swan1 a horse1 a %[] ( gold2 b ! goddesses assum$ no disguise3 !y _h only to %[ !mselves1 to please4 ,x mu/ h[ev] be presum$1 t :atev] %apes ! gods assum$ to /eal a m>*1 !y consummat$ _! loves 9 ! =m ( m54 ,z to ! new mann] ( r5d]+ girls pregnant by ! m9i/ry ( ! devil1 x is n to be d\bt$1 = ! ,sorbonne decid$ ! po9t 9 ! ye> #acah4 ,p] tales artes et ritus impios et invocationes et demonum1 nullus unquam sequatur effectus m9i/]io demonum1 error4--,x is an error to believe1 t ^! magic arts & invocations ( ! devils are )\t effect4 ,?is decision has nev] be5 revok$4 ,?us we are b\nd to believe 9 succubi & incubi1 because our tea*]s h always believ$ 9 !m4 ,!re h be5 _m o!r sages 9 ?is sci5ce1 z well z ! ,sorbonne4 ,bod91 9 8 book conc]n+ sorc]]s1 d$icat$ to ,*ri/oph] de ,?\1 fir/ presid5t ( ! ,p>liam5t ( ,p>is1 relates t ,john ,h]vili]1 a native ( ,v]b]ie1 0 condemn$ by t p>liam5t to be burn$ alive = hav+ pro/itut$ 8 daught] to ! devil1 a great black man1 ^: c>esses 7 att5d$ ) a s5sation ( cold :i* appe>s to be v uncong5ial to 8 nature2 b our jurisprud5ce has always admitt$ ! fact1 & ! prodigi\s numb] ( sorc]]s :i* x has burn$ 9 consequ5ce w always rema9 a pro( ( its accuracy4 ,! celebrat$ ,picus ( ,mir&ola--a pr9ce nev] lies--says he knew an old man ( ! age ( eighty ye>s :o _h slept half 8 life ) a female devil1 & ano!r ( sev5ty :o enjoy$ a simil> felicity4 ,bo? 7 buri$ at ,rome1 b no?+ is said ( ! fate ( _! *ildr54 ,?us is ! exi/5ce ( incubi & succubi demon/rat$4 ,x is impossible1 at lea/1 to prove to ! contr>y2 = if we are call$ on to believe t devils c ent] our bodies1 :o c prev5t !m f tak+ k9dr$ lib]ties ) our wives & our daught]s8 ,& if !re be demons1 !re are probably demonesses2 = to be consi/5t1 if ! demons beget *ildr5 on our females1 x mu/ foll[ t we effect ! same ?+ on ! demonesses4 ,nev] has !re be5 a m univ]sal empire ?an t ( ! devil4 ,:at has de?ron$ him8 ,reason4 ,,inf9ity4 ,:o w give me a cle> idea ( inf9ity8 ,i h nev] _h an idea ( x :i* 0 n excessively confus$--possibly because ,i am a f9ite be+4 ,:at is t :i* is et]nally go+ on )\t advanc+--always reckon+ )\t a sum total--divid+ et]nally )\t arriv+ at an indivisible p>ticle8 ,x might seem z if ! notion ( inf9ity =m$ ! bottom ( ! bucket ( ! ,danades4 ,nev]!less1 x is impossible t inf9ity %\ld n exi/4 ,an inf9ite duration is demon/rable4 ,! comm5cem5t ( exi/5ce is absurd2 = no?+ _c orig9ate some?+4 ,:5 an atom exi/s we mu/ necess>ily conclude t x has exi/$ f all et]nity2 & h5ce an inf9ite duration rigor\sly demon/rat$4 ,b :at is an inf9ite pa/8--an inf9itude :i* ,i arre/ 9 imag9ation :5ev] ,i please4 ,behold6 ,i exclaim1 an inf9ity pass$ away2 let u proce$ to ano!r4 ,i di/+ui% betwe5 two et]nities1 ! "o be=e1 ! o!r beh9d me4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ,i reflect ^u my words1 ,i p]ceive t ,i h absurdly pron\nc$ ! words3 "o et]nity has pass$ away1 & ,i am ent]+ into ano!r4 ,= at ! mom5t t ,i ?us talk1 et]nity endures1 & ! tide ( "t fl[s4 ,duration is n sep>able2 & z some?+ has ev] be51 some?+ mu/ ev] be4 ,! inf9ite 9 duration1 !n1 is l9k$ to an un9t]rupt$ *a94 ,?is inf9ite p]petuates itself1 ev5 at ! in/ant t ,i say x has pass$4 ,"t beg9s & ends ) me1 b duration is inf9ite4 ,! inf9ite is "h quickly =m$ )\t1 h[ev]1 our possession ( ! ability to =m a cle> notion ( x4 ,we are told ( inf9ite space--:at is space8 ,is x a be+1 or no?+ at all8 ,if x is a be+1 :at is its nature8 ,y _c tell me4 ,if x is no?+1 no?+ c h no quality2 yet y tell me t x is p5etrable & imm5se4 ,i am s emb>rass$1 ,i _c correctly call x ei!r some?+ or no?+4 ,9 ! meantime1 ,i "k n ( any?+ :i* possesses m prop]ties ?an a void4 ,= if pass+ ! conf9es ( ?is globe1 we are able to walk amid/ ?is void1 & ?at* & build !re :5 we possess mat]ials = ! purpose1 ?is void or no?+ is n oppos$ to :atev] we might *oose to d2 = hav+ no prop]ty x _c h9d] any2 moreov]1 s9ce x _c h9d]1 nei!r c x s]ve u4 ,x is pret5d$ t ,god creat$ ! _w amid/ no?+1 & f no?+4 ,t is ab/ruse2 x is pref]able to ?9k t !re is an inf9ite space2 b we are curi\s--& if !re be inf9ite space1 our faculties _c fa?om ! nature ( x4 ,we call x imm5se1 because we _c measure x2 b :at !n8 ,we h only pron\nc$ words4 ,( ! ,inf9ite 9 ,numb]4 ,we h adroitly def9$ ! inf9ite 9 ari?metic by a love-knot1 9 ?is mann] 2 b we possess n !re=e a cle>] notion ( x4 ,?is inf9ity is n l ! o!rs1 a p[]lessness ( rea*+ a t]m9ation4 ,we call ! inf9ite 9 quantity any numb] soev]1 :i* surpasses ! utmo/ numb] we are able to imag9e4 ,:5 we seek ! inf9itely small1 we divide1 & call t inf9itely small :i* is less ?an ! lea/ assignable quantity4 ,x is only ano!r "n = incapacity4 ,is ,matt] ,inf9itely ,divisible8 ,?is "q br+s u back aga9 precisely to our inability ( f9d+ ! remote/ numb]4 ,9 ?\ght we are able to divide a gra9 ( s&1 b 9 imag9ation only2 & ! incapacity ( et]nally divid+ ?is gra9 is call$ inf9ity4 ,x is true1 t matt] is n always practically divisible1 & if ! la/ atom c\ld be divid$ into two1 x w\ld no long] be ! lea/2 or if ! lea/1 x w\ld n be divisible2 or if divisible1 :at is ! g]m or orig9 ( ?+s8 ,^! are all ab/ruse qu]ies4 ,( ! ,univ]se4 ,is ! univ]se b\nd$--is its ext5t imm5se--are ! suns & planets )\t numb]8 ,:at advantage has ! space :i* conta9s suns & planets1 ov] ! space :i* is void ( !m8 ,:e!r space be an exi/5ce or n1 :at is ! space :i* we occupy1 pref]able to o!r space8 ,if our mat]ial heav5 be n inf9ite1 x is b a po9t 9 g5]al ext5t4 ,if x is inf9ite1 x is an inf9ity to :i* some?+ c always be add$ by ! imag9ation4 ,( ! ,inf9ite 9 ,geometry4 ,we admit1 9 geometry1 n only inf9ite magnitudes1 t is to say1 magnitudes great] ?an any assignable magnitude1 b inf9ite magnitudes inf9itely great]1 ! "o ?an ! o!r4 ,?is a/oni%es our dim5sion ( bra9s1 :i* is only ab\t six in*es long1 five broad1 & six 9 dep?1 9 ! l>ge/ heads4 ,x means1 h[ev]1 no?+ m ?an t a squ>e l>g] ?an any assignable squ>e1 surpasses a l9e l>g] ?an any assignable l9e1 & be>s no proportion to x4 ,x is a mode ( op]at+1 a mode ( work+ geometrically1 & ! ^w inf9ite is a m]e symbol4 ,( ,inf9ite ,p[]1 ,wisdom1 ,goodness4 ,9 ! same mann]1 z we _c =m any positive idea ( ! inf9ite 9 duration1 numb]1 & ext5sion1 are we unable to =m "o 9 respect to physical & moral p[]4 ,we c easily conceive1 t a p[]ful be+ has modifi$ matt]1 caus$ worlds to circulate 9 space1 & =m$ animals1 vegetables1 & metals4 ,we are l$ to ?is idea by ! p]ception ( ! want ( p[] on ! "p ( ^! be+s to =m !mselves4 ,we are also =c$ to all[1 t ! ,great ,be+ exi/s et]nally by ,8 own p[]1 s9ce ,he _c h sprung f no?+2 b we discov] n s easily ,8 inf9ity 9 magnitude1 p[]1 & moral attributes4 ,h[ are we to conceive inf9ite ext5t 9 a be+ call$ simple8 & if he be uncomp\nd$1 :at notions c we =m ( a simple be+8 ,we "k ,god by ,8 works1 b we _c und]/& ,him by ,8 ,nature4 ,if x is evid5t t we _c und]/& ,8 nature1 is x n equally s1 t we mu/ rema9 ignorant ( ,8 attributes8 ,:5 we say t ,8 p[] is inf9ite1 d we mean any?+ m ?an t x is v great8 ,aw>e ( ! exi/5ce ( pyramids ( ! height ( six hundr$ feet1 we c conceive !m ( ! altitude ( #fjj1jjj feet4 ,no?+ c limit ! p[] ( ! ,et]nal ,be+ exi/+ necess>ily ( ,himself4 ,agre$3 no antagoni/s circumscribe ,him2 b h[ conv9ce me t ,he is n circumscrib$ by ,8 own nature8 ,has all t has be5 said on ?is great subject be5 demon/rat$8 ,we speak ( ,8 moral attributes1 b we only judge ( !m by our own2 & x is impossible to d o!rwise4 ,we attribute to ,him ju/ice1 goodness1 etc41 only f ! ideas we collect f ! small degree ( ju/ice & goodness exi/+ among ourselves4 ,b1 9 fact1 :at connection is !re betwe5 our qualities s unc]ta9 & v>iable1 & ^? ( ! ,supreme ,be+8 ,our idea ( ju/ice is only t ( n all[+ our own int]e/ to usurp ov] ! int]e/ ( ano!r4 ,! bread :i* a wife has knead$ out ( ! fl\r produc$ f ! :eat :i* h] husb& has s[n1 belongs to h]4 ,a hungry savage snat*es away h] bread1 & ! woman exclaims aga9/ su* enorm\s inju/ice4 ,! savage quietly answ]s t no?+ is m j1 & t x 0 n = him & 8 family to expire ( fam9e = ! sake ( an old woman4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! inf9ite ju/ice we attribute to ,god c b little resemble ! contradictory notions ( ju/ice ( ?is woman & ?is savage2 & yet1 :5 we say t ,god is j1 we only pron\nce ^! words agreeably to our own ideas ( ju/ice4 ,we "k ( no?+ belong+ to virtue m agreeable ?an frankness & cordiality1 b to attribute inf9ite frankness & cordiality to ,god w\ld am\nt to an absurdity4 ,we h su* confus$ notions ( ! attributes ( ! ,supreme ,be+1 t "s s*ools end[ ,him ) presci5ce1 an inf9ite =esight :i* excludes all cont+5t ev5t1 :ile o!r s*ools cont5d = presci5ce )\t cont+5cy4 ,la/ly1 s9ce ! ,sorbonne has decl>$ t ,god c make a /ick dive/$ ( two ends1 & t ! same ?+ c at once be & n be1 we "k n :at to say1 be+ 9 et]nal fe> ( advanc+ a h]esy4 ,"o ?+ may1 h[ev]1 be ass]t$ )\t dang]--t ,god is inf9ite1 & man exce$+ly b\nd$4 ,! m9d ( man is s extremely n>r[1 t ,pascal has said3 ,d y believe x impossible = ,god to be inf9ite & )\t p>ts8 ,i wi% to conv9ce y ( an exi/5ce inf9ite & indivisible--x is a ma!matical po9t--mov+ ev]y:]e ) inf9ite swiftness1 = x is 9 all places1 & entire 9 e place4 ,no?+ m absurd 0 ev] ass]t$1 & yet x has be5 said by ! au?or ( ! ,prov9cial ,lett]s4 ,x is suffici5t to give m5 ( s5se ! ague4 ,,influ5ce4 ,ev]y?+ ar\nd ex]cises "s influ5ce ^u u1 ei!r physically or morally4 ,) ?is tru? we are well acqua9t$4 ,influ5ce may be ex]t$ ^u a be+ )\t t\*+1 )\t mov+ t be+4 ,9 %ort1 matt] has be5 demon/rat$ to possess ! a/oni%+ p[] ( gravitat+ )\t contact1 ( act+ at imm5se di/ances4 ,"o idea influ5ces ano!r2 a fact n less incompreh5sible4 ,i h n ) me at ,m\nt ,krapak ! book entitl$1 ,on ! ,influ5ce ( ! ,sun & ,moon1 compos$ by ! celebrat$ physician ,mead2 b ,i well "k t ^? two bodies are ! cause ( ! tides2 & x is n 9 consequ5ce ( t\*+ ! wat]s ( ! ocean t !y produce t flux & reflux3 x is demon/rat$ t !y produce !m by ! laws ( gravitation4 ,b :5 we are 9 a fev]1 h ! sun & moon any influ5ce ^u ! accesses ( x1 9 its days ( crisis8 ,is y\r wife con/itutionally disord]$ only dur+ ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! moon8 ,w ! trees1 cut at ! "t ( full moon1 rot soon] ?an if cut d[n 9 its wane8 ,n t ,i "k4 ,b timb] cut d[n :ile ! sap is circulat+ 9 x1 und]goes putrefaction soon] ?an o!r timb]2 & if by *ance x is cut d[n at ! full moon1 m5 w c]ta9ly say x 0 ! full moon t caus$ all ! evil4 ,y\r wife may h be5 disord]$ dur+ ! moon's gr[+2 b y\r neighbor's 0 s 9 its decl9e4 ,! fitful p]iods ( ! fev] :i* y br\ght ^u y\rself by indulg+ too mu* 9 ! pleasures ( ! table occur ab\t ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! moon2 y\r neighbor exp]i5ces 8 9 its decl9e4 ,ev]y?+ t c possibly influ5ce animals & vegetables mu/ ( c\rse necess>ily ex]cise t influ5ce :ile ! moon is mak+ h] circuit4 ,7 a woman ( ,lyons to rem>k t ! p]iodical affections ( h] con/itution _h occurr$ 9 ?ree or f\r successive in/ances on ! day ( ! arrival ( ! dilig5ce f ,p>is1 w\ld h] m$ical att5dant1 h[ev] devot$ he might be to sy/em1 ?9k himself au?oriz$ 9 conclud+ t ! ,p>is dilig5ce _h "s peculi> & m>vell\s influ5ce on ! lady's con/itution8 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ! inhabitants ( e seaport 7 p]suad$1 t no "o w\ld die :ile ! tide 0 ris+1 & t dea? always wait$ = its ebb4 ,_m physicians possess$ a /ore ( /rong reasons to expla9 ?is con/ant ph5om5on4 ,! sea :5 ris+ communicates to human bodies ! =ce or /r5g? by :i* itself is rais$4 ,x br+s ) x vivify+ p>ticles :i* reanimate all pati5ts4 ,x is salt1 & salt pres]ves f ! putrefaction att5dant on dea?4 ,b :5 ! sea s9ks & retires1 ev]y?+ s9ks or retires ) x2 nature langui%es2 ! pati5t is no long] vivifi$2 he dep>ts ) ! tide4 ,! :ole1 x mu/ be admitt$1 is mo/ beautifully expla9$1 b ! presum$ fact1 un=tunately1 is aft] all untrue4 ,! v>i\s elem5ts1 food1 wat*+1 sleep1 & ! passions1 are con/antly ex]t+ on our frame _! respective influ5ces4 ,:ile ^! influ5ces are ?us sev]ally op]at+ on u1 ! planets trav]se _! appropriate orbits1 & ! />s %9e ) _! usual brillancy4 ,b %all we really be s weak z to say t ! progress & light ( ^? heav5ly bodies are ! cause ( our rheums & indige/ion1 & sleeplessness2 ( ! ridicul\s wra? we are 9 ) "s silly reason]2 or ( ! passion ) :i* we are enamor$ ( "s int]e/+ woman8 ,b ! gravitation ( ! sun & moon has made ! e>? 9 "s degree flat at ! pole1 & raises ! sea twice betwe5 ! tropics 9 f\r-&-tw5ty h\rs4 ,x may1 !re=e1 regulate our fits ( fev]1 & gov]n our :ole ma*9e4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 we ass]t ?is to be ! case1 we %\ld wait until we c prove x4 ,! sun acts /rongly ^u u by its rays1 :i* t\* u1 & ent] ?r\gh our pores4 ,"h is unque/ionably a v decid$ & a v b5ignant influ5ce4 ,we ought n1 ,i conceive1 9 physics1 to admit ( any action tak+ place )\t contact1 until we h discov]$ "s well-recogniz$ & asc]ta9$ p[] :i* acts at a di/ance1 l t ( gravitation1 = example1 or l t ( y\r ?\ghts ov] m9e1 :5 y furni% me ) ideas4 ,beyond ^! cases1 ,i at pres5t p]ceive no influ5ces b f matt] 9 contact ) matt]4 ,! fi% ( my pond & myself exi/ ea* ( u 9 our natural elem5t4 ,! wat] :i* t\*es !m f head to tail is cont9ually act+ ^u !m4 ,! atmosph]e :i* surr\nds & closes ^u me acts ^u me4 ,i ought n to attribute to ! moon1 :i* is n9ety ?\s& miles di/ant1 :at ,i might naturally ascribe to some?+ incessantly 9 contact ) my sk94 ,?is w\ld be m unphilosophical ?an my consid]+ ! c\rt ( ,*9a responsible = a lawsuit t ,i 0 c>ry+ on 9 ,france4 ,we %\ld nev] seek at a di/ance = :at is absolutely )9 our imm$iate rea*4 ,i p]ceive t ! le>n$ & +5i\s ,m4 ,m5uret is ( a diff]5t op9ion 9 ! ,encyclopdia "u ! article on ,influ5ce4 ,?is c]ta9ly excites 9 my m9d consid]able diffid5ce ) respect to :at ,i h j advanc$4 ,! ,abb de ,/4 ,pi]re us$ to say1 we %\ld nev] ma9ta9 t we are absolutely 9 ! "r1 b %\ld r say1 su* is my op9ion = ! pres5t4 ,influ5ce ( ! ,passions ( ,mo!rs ^u _! ,ftus4 ,i ?9k1 = ! pres5t1 t viol5t affections ( pregnant wom5 produce (t5 a prodigi\s effect ^u ! embryo )9 !m2 & ,i ?9k t ,i %all always ?9k s3 my reason is t ,i h actually se5 ?is effect4 ,if ,i _h no v\*] ( my op9ion b ! te/imony ( hi/orians :o relate ! in/ance ( ,m>y ,/u>t & h] son ,james ,i41 ,i %\ld susp5d my judgm5t2 because betwe5 t ev5t & myself1 a s]ies ( two hundr$ ye>s has int]v5$1 a circum/ance naturally t5d+ to weak5 belief2 & because ,i c ascribe ! impression made ^u ! bra9 ( ,james to o!r causes ?an ! imag9ation ( ,m>y4 ,! royal assass9s1 head$ by h] husb&1 ru% ) drawn swords into ! cab9et :]e %e is supp+ 9 company ) h] favorite1 & kill him be=e h] eyes2 ! sudd5 convulsion exp]i5c$ by h] 9 ! int]ior ( h] frame ext5ds to h] (fspr+2 & ,james ,i41 al?\gh n defici5t 9 c\rage1 felt dur+ 8 :ole life an involunt>y %udd]+ at ! sight ( a sword drawn f a scabb>d4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 possible t ?is /rik+ & peculi> agitation might be ow+ to a diff]5t cause4 ,!re 0 once introduc$1 9 my pres5ce1 into ! c\rt ( a woman ) *ild1 a %[man :o exhibit$ a little danc+ dog ) a k9d ( r$ bonnet on its head3 ! woman call$ out to h ! figure remov$2 %e decl>$ t h] *ild w\ld be m>k$ l x2 %e wept2 & no?+ c\ld re/ore h] confid5ce & peace4 ,?is is ! second "t1 %e said1 t su* a mis=tune has befall5 me4 ,my fir/ *ild be>s ! impression ( a simil> t]ror t ,i 0 expos$ to2 ,i feel extremely weak4 ,i "k t "s mis=tune w rea* me4 ,%e 0 b too correct 9 h] pr$iction4 ,%e 0 deliv]$ ( a *ild simil> to ! figure :i* _h s t]rifi$ h]4 ,! bonnet 0 p>ticul>ly di/+ui%able4 ,! little creature liv$ two days4 ,9 ! "t ( ,malebran*e no "o ent]ta9$ ! slighte/ d\bt ( ! adv5ture :i* he relates1 ( ! woman :o1 aft] see+ a crim9al rack$1 0 deliv]$ ( a son1 all ^: limbs 7 brok5 9 ! same places 9 :i* ! malefactor _h receiv$ ! bl[s ( ! execution]4 ,all ! physicians at ! "t 7 agre$1 t ! imag9ation _h produc$ ?is fatal effect ^u h] (fspr+4 ,s9ce t p]iod1 mank9d is believ$ to h ref9$ & improv$2 & ! influ5ce "u consid]ation has be5 d5i$4 ,x has be5 ask$1 9 :at way d y suppose t ! affections ( a "m %\ld op]ate to d]ange ! memb]s ( ! ftus8 ,( t ,i "k no?+2 b ,i h witness$ ! fact4 ,y new-fangl$ philosoph]s inquire & /udy 9 va9 h[ an infant is =m$1 & yet require me to "k h[ x becomes de=m$4 ,,initiation4 ,anci5t ,my/]ies4 ,! orig9 ( ! anci5t my/]ies may1 ) ! greate/ probability1 be ascrib$ to ! same weakness :i* =ms associations ( bro!rhood among ourselves1 & :i* e/abli%$ congregations "u ! direction ( ! ,jesuits4 ,x 0 probably ?is want ( society :i* rais$ s _m secret assemblies ( artisans1 ( :i* sc>cely any n[ rema9 besides t ( ! ,freemasons4 ,ev5 d[n to ! v begg>s !mselves1 all _h _! societies1 _! confrat]nities1 _! my/]ies1 & _! p>ticul> j>gon1 ( :i* ,i h met ) a small diction>y1 pr9t$ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,?is natural incl9ation 9 m5 to associate1 to secure !mselves1 to become di/+ui%$ above o!rs1 & to acquire confid5ce 9 !mselves1 may be consid]$ z ! g5]at+ cause ( all ^? p>ticul> bonds or unions1 ( all ^? my/]i\s initiations :i* aft]w>ds excit$ s mu* att5tion & produc$ su* /rik+ effects1 & :i* at l5g? sank into t oblivion 9 :i* ev]y?+ is involv$ by "t4 ,begg+ p>don1 :ile ,i say x1 ( ! gods ,cabri1 ( ! hi]ophants ( ,samo?race1 ( ,isis1 ,orpheus1 & ! ,eleus9ian ,c]es1 ,i mu/ nev]!less ackn[l$ge my suspicions t _! sacr$ secrets 7 n 9 reality m des]v+ ( curiosity ?an ! int]ior ( ! conv5ts ( ,c>melites or ,capu*9s4 ,^! my/]ies be+ sacr$1 ! p>ticipators 9 !m soon became s4 ,& :ile ! numb] ( ^! 0 small1 ! my/]y 0 respect$2 b at l5g?1 hav+ gr[n too num]\s1 !y reta9$ no m consequ5ce & consid]ation ?an we p]ceive to atta* to ,g]man b>ons1 s9ce ! _w became full ( b>ons4 ,initiation 0 paid =1 z e c&idate pays 8 admission fees or welcome1 b no memb] 0 all[$ to talk = 8 money4 ,9 all ages x 0 consid]$ a great crime to reveal ! secrets ( ^! religi\s f>ces4 ,?is secret 0 und\bt$ly n wor? kn[+1 z ! assembly 0 n a society ( philosoph]s1 b ( ignorant p]sons1 direct$ by a hi]ophant4 ,an oa? ( secrecy 0 adm9i/]$1 & an oa? 0 always reg>d$ z a sacr$ bond4 ,ev5 at ! pres5t day1 our comp>atively pitiful society ( ,freemasons swe> nev] to speak ( _! my/]ies4 ,^! my/]ies are /ale & flat en\gh2 b m5 sc>cely ev] p]jure !mselves4 ,diagoras 0 proscrib$ by ! ,a!nians = hav+ made ! secret hymn ( ,orpheus a subject = conv]sation4 ,ari/otle in=ms u1 t s*ylus 0 9 dang] ( be+ torn to pieces by ! p1 or at lea/ ( be+ sev]ely beat5 by !m1 = hav+1 9 "o ( 8 dramas1 giv5 "s idea ( ^? ,orphean my/]ies 9 :i* ne>ly ev]ybody 0 !n initiat$4 ,x appe>s t ,alex&] did n pay ! highe/ respect possible to ^! rev]5d fool]ies2 !y are inde$ v apt to be despis$ by h]oes4 ,he reveal$ ! secret to 8 "m ,olympias1 b he advis$ h] to say no?+ ab\t x--s mu* are ev5 h]oes !mselves b\nd 9 ! *a9s ( sup]/ition4 ,x is cu/om>y1 says ,h]odotus1 9 ! city ( ,rusiris1 to /rike bo? m5 & wom5 aft] ! sacrifice1 b ,i am n p]mitt$ to say :]e !y are /ruck4 ,he leaves x1 h[ev]1 to be v easily inf]r$4 ,i ?9k ,i see a description ( ! my/]ies ( ! ,eleus9ian ,c]es1 9 ,claudian's poem on ! ,rape ( ,pros]p9e1 mu* cle>] ?an ,i c see any 9 ! six? book ( ! neid4 ,virgil liv$ "u a pr9ce :o jo9$ to all 8 o!r bad qualities t ( wi%+ to pass = a religi\s "*2 :o 0 probably initiat$ 9 ^! my/]ies himself1 ! bett] to impose !reby ^u ! p2 & :o w\ld n h tol]at$ su* a pr(anation4 ,y see 8 favorite ,horace reg>ds su* a revelation z sacrilege3-- 4444 ,vetabo qui ,c]]is sacrum ,fulg>it arcan sub iisdem ,sit trabibus1 vel fragilem que mecum ,solvat phaselum4--,,horace1 book iii1 ode #b4 ,to sil5ce due rew>ds we give2 ,& !y :o my/]ies reveal ,b5ea? my ro( %all nev] live1 ,%all nev] hoi/ ) me ! d\btful sail4 --,,francis4 ,besides1 ! ,cuman sibyl & ! desc5t into hell1 imitat$ f ,hom] mu* less ?an x is embelli%$ by ,virgil1 ) ! beautiful pr$iction ( ! de/9ies ( ! ,cs>s & ! ,roman ,empire1 h no relation to ! fables ( ,c]es1 ,pros]p9e1 & ,triptolemus4 ,accord+ly1 x is highly probable t ! six? book ( ! neid is n a description ( ^? my/]ies4 ,if ,i ev] said ! contr>y1 ,i "h unsay x2 b ,i conceive t ,claudian reveal$ !m fully4 ,he fl\ri%$ at a "t :5 x 0 p]mitt$ to divulge ! my/]ies ( ,eleusis1 & inde$ all ! my/]ies ( ! _w4 ,he liv$ "u ,honorius1 9 ! total decl9e ( ! anci5t ,greek & ,roman religion1 to :i* ,!odosius ,i4 _h already giv5 ! mortal bl[4 ,horace1 at t p]iod1 w\ld n h be5 at all afraid ( liv+ "u ! same ro( ) a reveal] ( my/]ies4 ,claudian1 z a poet1 0 ( ! anci5t religion1 :i* 0 m adapt$ to poetry ?an ! new4 ,he describes ! droll absurdities ( ! my/]ies ( ,c]es1 z !y 7 /ill p]=m$ ) all becom+ rev]5ce 9 ,greece1 d[n to ! "t ( ,!odosius ,,ii4 ,!y =m$ a species ( op]atic pantomime1 ( ! same description z we h se5 _m v amus+ ones1 9 :i* 7 repres5t$ all ! devili% tricks & conjurations ( ,doctor ,fau/us1 ! bir? ( ! _w & ( ,h>lequ9 :o bo? came f a l>ge egg by ! heat ( ! sun's rays4 ,j 9 ! same mann]1 ! :ole hi/ory ( ,c]es & ,pros]p9e 0 repres5t$ by ! my/agogues4 ,! spectacle 0 f9e2 ! co/ mu/ h be5 great2 & x is no matt] ( a/oni%m5t t ! initiat$ %\ld pay ! p]=m]s4 ,all live by _! respective occupations4 ,e my/]y _h its peculi> c]emonies2 b all admitt$ ( wakes or vigils ( :i* ! y\?ful vot>ies fully avail$ !mselves2 b x 0 ?is abuse 9 "p :i* f9ally br\ght discr$it ^u ^? nocturnal c]emonies in/itut$ = sanctification4 ,! c]emonies ?us p]v]t$ to assignation & lic5ti\sness 7 aboli%$ 9 ,greece 9 ! "t ( ! ,peloponnesian w>2 !y 7 aboli%$ at ,rome 9 ! "t ( ,cic]o's y\?1 eighte5 ye>s be=e 8 consul%ip4 ,f ! ,aulul>ia ( ,plautus1 we are l$ to consid] !m z exhibit+ sc5es ( gross debau*]y1 & z highly injuri\s to public morals4 ,our religion1 :i*1 :ile x adopt$1 greatly purifi$ v>i\s pagan in/itutions1 sanctifi$ ! "n ( ! initiat$1 nocturnal fea/s1 & vigils1 :i* 7 a long "t 9 use1 b :i* at l5g? x became necess>y to prohibit :5 an adm9i/ration ( police 0 introduc$ into ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur*1 s long entru/$ to ! piety & zeal t preclud$ ! necessity ( police4 ,! pr9cipal =mula ( all ! my/]ies1 9 e place ( _! celebration1 01 ,come out1 ye :o are pr(ane2 t is1 un9itiat$4 ,accord+ly1 9 ! fir/ c5turies1 ! ,*ri/ians adopt$ a simil> =mula4 ,! deacon said1 ,come out1 all ye cate*um5s1 all ye :o are possess$1 & :o are un9itiat$4 ,x is 9 speak+ ( ! baptism ( ! dead t ,/4 ,*ryso/om says1 ,i %\ld be glad to expla9 myself cle>ly1 b ,i c d s only to ! initiat$4 ,we are 9 great emb>rassm5t4 ,we mu/ ei!r speak un9telligibly1 or disclose secrets :i* we are b\nd to conceal4 ,x is impossible to describe m cle>ly ! obligation ( secrecy & ! privilege ( initiation4 ,all is n[ s completely *ang$1 t 7 y at pres5t to talk ab\t initiation to ! great] "p ( y\r prie/s & p>i% (fic]s1 !re w\ld n be "o ( !m t w\ld und]/& y1 unless by great *ance he _h read ! *apt] ( ,*ryso/om above notic$4 ,y w see 9 ,m9utius ,felix ! abom9able imputations ) :i* ! pagans attack$ ! ,*ri/ian my/]ies4 ,! initiat$ 7 reproa*$ ) treat+ ea* o!r z bre?r5 & si/]s1 solely ) a view to pr(ane t sacr$ "n4 ,!y kiss$1 x 0 said1 p>ticul> p>ts ( ! p]sons ( ! prie/s1 z is /ill practis$ 9 respect to ! santons ( ,africa2 !y /a9$ !mselves ) all ^? pollutions :i* h s9ce disgrac$ & /igmatiz$ ! templ>s4 ,bo? 7 accus$ ( wor%ipp+ a k9d ( ass's head4 ,we h se5 t ! e>ly ,*ri/ian societies ascrib$ to ea* o!r1 reciprocally1 ! mo/ inconceivable infamies4 ,! pretext = ^! calumnies 0 ! inviolable secret :i* e society made ( its my/]ies4 ,x is ^u ?is gr\nd t 9 ,m9utius ,felix1 ,cecilius1 ! accus] ( ! ,*ri/ians1 exclaims3 ,:y d !y s c>efully endeavor to conceal :at !y wor%ip1 s9ce :at is dec5t & honorable always c\rts ! light1 & crimes alone seek secrecy8 ,cur occult>e et abscond]e quidquid colunt magnop]e nituntur8 ,quum hone/a semp] publico gaudeant1 scel]a secreta s9t4 ,x _c be d\bt$ t ^! accusations1 univ]sally spread1 drew ^u ! ,*ri/ians m ?an "o p]secution4 ,:5ev] a society ( m51 :atev] !y may be1 are accus$ by ! public voice1 ! falsehood ( ! *>ge is urg$ 9 va91 & x is deem$ m]itori\s to p]secute !m4 ,h[ c\ld x easily be o!rwise ?an t ! fir/ ,*ri/ians %\ld be ev5 held 9 horror1 :5 ,/4 ,epiphanius himself urges aga9/ !m ! mo/ execrable imputations8 ,he ass]ts t ! ,*ri/ian ,phibionites committ$ indec5cies1 :i* he specifies1 ( ! grosse/ "*2 &1 aft] pass+ ?r\gh v>i\s sc5es ( pollution1 exclaim$ ea* ( !m3 ,i am ! ,*ri/4 ,accord+ to ! same writ]1 ! ,gno/ics & ! ,/ratiotics equall$ ! ,phibionites 9 exhibitions ( lic5ti\sness1 & all ?ree sects m+l$ horrid pollutions ) _! my/]ies1 m5 & wom5 display+ equal dissolut5ess4 ,! ,c>pocratians1 accord+ to ! same fa!r ( ! ,*ur*1 ev5 exce$$ ! horrors & abom9ations ( ! ?ree sects j m5tion$4 ,! ,c]9?ians did n ab&on !mselves to abom9ations su* z ^!2 b !y 7 p]suad$ t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 ! son ( ,joseph4 ,! ,ebionites1 9 _! gospel1 ma9ta9 t ,/4 ,paul1 be+ desir\s ( m>ry+ ! daught] ( ,gamaliel1 & n able to obta9 h]1 became a ,*ri/ian1 & e/abli%$ ,*ri/ianity out ( rev5ge4 ,all ^! accusations did n = "s "t rea* ! e> ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,! ,romans paid b little att5tion to ! qu>rels & mutual reproa*es :i* occurr$ betwe5 ^! little societies ( ,jews1 ,greeks1 & ,egyptians1 :o 71 z x 71 hidd5 9 ! va/ & g5]al population2 j z 9 ,london1 9 ! pres5t day1 ! p>liam5t does n emb>rass or conc]n itself ) ! peculi> =ms or transactions ( ,m5nonites1 ,pieti/s1 ,anabapti/s1 ,mill5n>ians1 ,moravians1 or ,me?odi/s4 ,x is occupi$ ) matt]s ( urg5cy & importance1 & pays no att5tion to _! mutual *>ges & recrim9ations till !y become ( importance f _! publicity4 ,! *>ges above m5tion$1 at l5g?1 h[ev]1 came to ! e>s ( ! s5ate2 ei!r f ! ,jews1 :o 7 implacable enemies ( ! ,*ri/ians1 or f ,*ri/ians !mselves2 & h5ce x result$ t ! crimes *>g$ aga9/ "s ,*ri/ian societies 7 imput$ to all2 h5ce x result$ t _! initiations 7 s long calumniat$2 h5ce result$ ! p]secutions :i* !y endur$4 ,^! p]secutions1 h[ev]1 oblig$ !m to great] circumspection2 !y /r5g!n$ !mselves1 !y comb9$1 !y disclos$ _! books only to ! initiat$4 ,no ,roman magi/rate1 no emp]or1 ev] _h ! slighte/ k ( !m1 z we h already %[n4 ,provid5ce increas$1 dur+ ! c\rse ( ?ree c5turies1 bo? _! numb] & _! ri*es1 until at l5g?1 ,con/antius ,*lorus op5ly protect$ !m1 & ,con/ant9e1 8 son1 embrac$ _! religion4 ,9 ! meantime ! names ( initiat$ & my/]ies /ill subsi/$1 & !y 7 conceal$ f ! ,g5tiles z mu* z 0 possible4 ,z to ! my/]ies ( ! ,g5tiles1 !y cont9u$ d[n to ! "t ( ,!odosius4 ,,innoc5ts4 ,( ! ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts4 ,:5 p speak ( ! massacre ( ! innoc5ts1 !y d n ref] to ! ,sicilian ,vesp]s1 nor to ! mat9s ( ,p>is1 kn[n "u ! "n ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew2 nor to ! inhabitants ( ! new _w1 :o 7 murd]$ because !y 7 n ,*ri/ians1 nor to ! auto-da-fs ( ,spa9 & ,portugal1 etc4 ,!y usually ref] to ! "y *ildr5 :o 7 kill$ )9 ! prec9cts ( ,be?lehem1 by ord] ( ,h]od ! ,great1 & :o 7 aft]w>ds c>ri$ to ,cologne1 :]e !y are /ill to be f\nd4 ,_! numb] 0 ma9ta9$ by ! :ole ,greek ,*ur* to be f\rte5 ?\s&4 ,! difficulties rais$ by critics ^u ?is po9t ( hi/ory h be5 all solv$ by %rewd & le>n$ comm5tators4 ,objections h be5 />t$ 9 relation to ! /> :i* conduct$ ! ,magi f ! recesses ( ! ,ea/ to ,j]usalem4 ,x has be5 said t ! j\rney1 be+ a long "o1 ! /> mu/ h appe>$ = a long "t above ! horizon2 & yet t no hi/orian besides ,/4 ,mat!w ev] took notice ( ?is extraord9>y />2 t if x _h %one s long 9 ! heav5s1 ,h]od & 8 :ole c\rt1 & all ,j]usalem1 mu/ h se5 x z well z ^! ?ree ,magi1 or k+s2 t ,h]od consequ5tly c\ld n1 )\t absurdity1 h inquir$ dilig5tly1 z ,mat!w expresses x1 ( ^! k+s1 at :at "t !y _h se5 ! />2 t1 if ^! ?ree k+s _h made pres5ts ( gold & myrrh & inc5se to ! new-born infant1 8 p>5ts mu/ h be5 v ri*2 t ,h]od c\ld c]ta9ly nev] believe t ?is infant1 born 9 a /able at ,be?lehem1 w\ld be k+ ( ! ,jews1 z ! k+dom ( ,juda belong$ to ! ,romans1 & 0 a gift f ,cs>2 t if ?ree k+s ( ! ,indies 71 at ! pres5t day1 to come to ,france "u ! guidance ( a />1 & /op at ! h\se ( a woman ( ,vaugir>d1 no "o c\ld ev] make ! reign+ mon>* believe t ! *ild ( t poor woman w\ld become k+ ( ,france4 ,a satisfactory answ] has be5 giv5 to ^! difficulties1 :i* may be consid]$ prelim9>y ones1 att5d+ ! subject ( ! massacre ( ! innoc5ts2 & x has be5 %[n t :at is impossible ) man is n impossible ) ,god4 ,) respect to ! slaught] ( ! little *ildr51 :e!r ! numb] 0 f\rte5 ?\s&1 or great]1 or less1 x has be5 %[n t ?is horrible & unprec$5t$ cruelty 0 n absolutely incompatible ) ! "* ( ,h]od2 t1 aft] be+ e/abli%$ z k+ ( ,juda by ,augu/us1 he c\ld n inde$ fe> any?+ f ! *ild ( obscure & poor p>5ts1 resid+ 9 a petty village2 b t labor+ at t "t "u ! disord] ( :i* he at l5g? di$1 8 blood might h become s corrupt t he might 9 consequ5ce h lo/ bo? reason & humanity2 t1 9 %ort1 all ^! incompreh5sible ev5ts1 :i* prep>$ ! way = my/]ies /ill m incompreh5sible1 7 direct$ by an inscrutable ,provid5ce4 ,x is object$ t ! hi/orian ,josephus1 :o 0 ne>ly contempor>y1 & :o has relat$ all ! cruelties ( ,h]od1 has made no m m5tion ( ! massacre ( ! "y *ildr5 ?an ( ! /> ( ! ?ree k+s2 t nei!r ! ,jew ,philo1 nor any o!r ,jew1 nor any ,roman takes any notice ( x2 & ev5 t ?ree ( ! evangeli/s h obs]v$ a pr(\nd sil5ce ^u ^! important subjects4 ,x is repli$ t !y are nev]!less ann\nc$ by ,/4 ,mat!w1 & t ! te/imony ( "o inspir$ man is ( m weight ?an ! sil5ce ( all ! _w4 ,! critics1 h[ev]1 h n surr5d]$2 !y h d>$ to c5sure ,/4 ,mat!w himself = say+ t ^! *ildr5 7 massacr$1 t ! words ( ,j]emiah might be fulfill$4 ,a voice is he>d 9 ,ramah1 a voice ( groan+ & lam5tation4 ,ra*el weep+ = h] *ildr51 & refus+ to be com=t$1 because !y are no m4 ,^! hi/orical words1 !y obs]ve1 7 lit]ally fulfill$ 9 ! tribe ( ,b5jam91 :i* desc5d$ f ,ra*el1 :5 ,nabuz>adan de/roy$ a "p ( t tribe ne> ! city ( ,ramah4 ,x 0 no long] a pr$iction1 !y say1 any m ?an 7 ! words ,he %all be call$ a ,naz>5e4 ,& ,he came to dwell 9 a city call$ ,naz>e?1 t x might be fulfill$ :i* 0 spok5 by ! prophets4 ,he %all be call$ a ,naz>5e4 ,!y triumph 9 ! circum/ance t ^! words are n to be f\nd 9 any "o ( ! prophets2 j z !y d 9 ! idea t ,ra*el weep+ = ! ,b5jamites at ,ramah has no ref]5ce :atev] to ! massacre ( ! innoc5ts by ,h]od4 ,!y d>e ev5 to urge t ^! two allusions1 be+ cle>ly false1 are a manife/ pro( ( ! falsehood ( ?is n>rative2 & conclude t ! massacre ( ! *ildr51 & ! new />1 & ! j\rney ( ! ?ree k+s1 nev] _h ! slighte/ f\ndation 9 fact4 ,!y ev5 g mu* fur!r yet2 !y ?9k !y f9d z palpable a contradiction betwe5 ! n>rative ( ,/4 ,mat!w & t ( ,/4 ,luke1 z betwe5 ! two g5ealogies adduc$ by !m4 ,/4 ,mat!w says t ,joseph & ,m>y c>ri$ ,jesus into ,egypt1 fe>+ t he w\ld be involv$ 9 ! massacre4 ,/4 ,luke1 on ! contr>y1 says1 ,aft] hav+ fulfill$ all ! c]emonies ( ! law1 ,joseph & ,m>y return$ to ,naz>e?1 _! city1 & w5t e ye> to ,j]usalem1 to keep ! ,passov]4 ,b ?irty days mu/ h expir$ be=e a woman c\ld h complet$ h] purification f *ildbir? & fulfill$ all ! c]emonies ( ! law4 ,dur+ ^! ?irty days1 !re=e1 ! *ild mu/ h be5 expos$ to de/ruction by ! g5]al proscription4 ,& if 8 p>5ts w5t to ,j]usalem to accompli% ! ord9ance ( ! law1 !y c]ta9ly did n g to ,egypt4 ,^! are ! pr9cipal objections ( unbeliev]s4 ,!y are effectually refut$ by ! fai? bo? ( ! ,greek & ,lat9 *ur*es4 ,if x 7 necess>y always to be cle>+ up ! d\bts ( p]sons :o read ! ,scriptures1 we mu/ inevitably pass our :ole lives 9 disput+ ab\t all ! articles conta9$ 9 !m4 ,let u r ref] ourselves to our wor?y sup]iors & ma/]s2 to ! univ]sity ( ,salamanca :5 9 ,spa91 to ! ,sorbonne 9 ,france1 & to ! holy congregation at ,rome4 ,let u submit bo? 9 he>t & 9 und]/&+ to t :i* is requir$ ( u = our good4 ,,inquisition4 ,,section ,i4 ,! ,inquisition is an ecclesia/ical jurisdiction1 e/abli%$ by ! see ( ,rome 9 ,italy1 ,spa91 ,portugal1 & ev5 9 ! ,indies1 = ! purpose ( se>*+ out & extirpat+ infidels1 ,jews1 & h]etics4 ,t we may n be suspect$ ( resort+ to falsehood 9 ord] to r5d] ?is tribunal odi\s1 we %all 9 ?is pres5t article give ! ab/ract ( a ,lat9 "w on ! ,orig9 & ,progress ( ! ,(fice ( ! ,holy ,inquisition1 pr9t$ by ! royal press at ,madrid 9 #aehi1 by ord] ( ,l\is de ,p>amo1 inquisitor 9 ! k+dom ( ,sicily4 ,)\t go+ back to ! orig9 ( ! ,inquisition1 :i* ,p>amo ?9ks he discov]s 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ,god is relat$ to h proce$$ aga9/ ,adam & ,eve1 let u abide by ! new law ( :i* ,jesus ,*ri/1 accord+ to him1 0 ! *ief inquisitor4 ,he ex]cis$ ! functions ( t (fice on ! ?irte5? day aft] 8 bir?1 by ann\nc+ to ! city ( ,j]usalem1 ?r\gh ! ?ree k+s or ,magi1 8 appe>ance 9 ! _w1 & aft]w>ds by caus+ ,h]od to be dev\r$ alive by worms2 by driv+ ! buy]s & sell]s out ( ! temple2 & f9ally1 by deliv]+ ,juda into ! h&s ( tyrants1 :o pillag$ x 9 puni%m5t ( its unbelief4 ,aft] ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,/4 ,pet]1 ,/4 ,paul1 & ! re/ ( ! apo/les ex]cis$ ! (fice ( inquisitor1 :i* !y transmitt$ to ! popes & bi%ops1 & _! successors4 ,/4 ,dom9ic hav+ arriv$ 9 ,france ) ! bi%op ( ,osma1 ( :i* he 0 ar*deacon1 became animat$ ) zeal aga9/ ! ,albig5ses1 & obta9$ ! reg>d & favor ( ,simon1 ,c\nt de ,mont=t4 ,hav+ be5 appo9t$ by ! pope inquisitor 9 ,langu$oc1 he !re f\nd$ 8 ord]1 :i* 0 approv$ ( & ratifi$1 9 #abaf1 by ,honorius ,,iii4 ,"u ! auspices ( ,/4 ,madela9e1 ,c\nt ,mont=t took ! city ( ,gez] by assault1 & put all ! inhabitants to ! sword2 & at ,laval1 f\r hundr$ ,albig5ses 7 burn$ at once4 ,9 all ! hi/ories ( ! ,inquisition t ,i ev] read1 says ,p>amo1 ,i nev] met ) an act ( fai? s em95t1 or a spectacle s solemn4 ,at ! village ( ,caz]a1 sixty 7 burn$2 & 9 ano!r place a hundr$ & eighty4 ,! ,inquisition 0 adopt$ by ! c\nt ( ,t\l\se 9 #abbi1 & confid$ to ! ,dom9icans by ,pope ,gregory ,,ix4 9 #abcc2 ,innoc5t ,,iv4 9 #abea e/abli%$ x 9 ! :ole ( ,italy1 ) ! exception ( ,naples4 ,at ! comm5cem5t1 inde$1 h]etics 7 n subject$ 9 ! ,milanese to ! puni%m5t ( dea?1 :i* !y nev]!less s ri*ly des]v$1 because ! popes 7 n suffici5tly respect$ by ! emp]or ,fr$]ick1 to :om t /ate belong$2 b a %ort "t aft]w>ds h]etics 7 burn$ at ,milan1 z well z 9 ! o!r p>ts ( ,italy2 & our au?or rem>ks1 t 9 #acae "s ?\s&s ( h]etics hav+ spread !mselves ?r\gh ,cremasco1 a small t]ritory includ$ 9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,milanese1 ! ,dom9ican bro!rs burn$ ! great] "p ( !m2 & ?us *eck$ ! ravages ( ! !ological pe/il5ce by ! flames4 ,z ! fir/ canon ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,t\l\se enjo9$ ! bi%ops to appo9t 9 e p>i% a prie/ & two or ?ree laym5 ( reputation1 :o %\ld be b\nd by oa? to se>* c>efully & frequ5tly = h]etics1 9 h\ses1 caves1 & all places :]ev] !y might be able to hide !mselves1 & to give ! spe$ie/ in=mation to ! bi%op1 ! seigneur ( ! place1 or 8 bailiff1 aft] hav+ tak5 all necess>y precautions aga9/ ! escape ( any h]etics discov]$1 ! inquisitors mu/ h act$ at ?is "t 9 conc]t ) ! bi%ops4 ,! prisons ( ! bi%op & ( ! ,inquisition 7 frequ5tly ! same2 &1 al?\gh 9 ! c\rse ( ! proc$ure ! inquisitor might act 9 8 own "n1 he c\ld n1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( ! bi%op1 apply ! torture1 pron\nce any def9itive s5t5ce1 or condemn to p]petual imprisonm5t1 etc4 ,! frequ5t disputes t occurr$ betwe5 ! bi%ops & ! inquisitors1 on ! limits ( _! au?ority1 on ! spoils ( ! condemn$1 etc41 compell$ ,pope ,sixtus ,,iv41 9 #adgc1 to make ! ,inquisitions indep5d5t & sep>ate f ! tribunals ( ! bi%ops4 ,he creat$ = ,spa9 an ,inquisitor-g5]al1 ) full p[]s to nom9ate p>ticul> inquisitors2 & ,f]d9& ,v41 9 #adgh1 f\nd$ & end[$ ! ,inquisition4 ,at ! solicitation ( ,turrecremata 7or ,torquemada71 a bro!r ( ! ,dom9ican ord]1 & gr& inquisitor ( ,spa91 ! same ,f]d9&1 surnam$ ! ,ca?olic1 bani%$ f 8 k+dom all ! ,jews1 all[+ !m ?ree mon?s f ! publication ( 8 edict1 aft] ! expiration ( :i* p]iod !y 7 n to be f\nd 9 any ( ! ,spani% dom9ions "u pa9 ( dea?4 ,!y 7 p]mitt$1 on quitt+ ! k+dom1 to take ) !m ! goods & m]*&ise :i* !y _h pur*as$1 b =bidd5 to take out ( x any description ( gold or silv]4 ,! bro!r ,turrecremata foll[$ up & /r5g!n$ ?is edict1 9 ! diocese ( ,tol$o1 by prohibit+ all ,*ri/ians1 "u pa9 ( excommunication1 f giv+ any?+ :atev] to ! ,jews1 ev5 t :i* might be necess>y to pres]ve life itself4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ^! decrees ab\t a million ,jews dep>t$ f ,catalonia1 ! k+dom ( ,aragon1 t ( ,val5cia1 & o!r c\ntries subject to ! dom9ion ( ,f]d9&2 ! great] "p ( :om p]i%$ mis]ably2 s t !y comp>e ! calamities t !y suff]$ dur+ ?is p]iod to ^? !y exp]i5c$ "u ,titus & ,vespasian4 ,?is expulsion ( ! ,jews gave incr$ible joy to all ,ca?olic sov]eigns4 ,"s div9es blam$ ^! edicts ( ! k+ ( ,spa92 _! pr9cipal reasons are t unbeliev]s ought n to be con/ra9$ to embrace ! fai? ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & t ^! viol5ces are a disgrace to our religion4 ,b ^! argum5ts are v weak1 & ,i cont5d1 says ,p>amo1 t ! edict is pi\s1 j1 & praisewor?y1 z ! viol5ce ) :i* ! ,jews are requir$ to be conv]t$ is n an absolute b a conditional viol5ce1 s9ce !y might avoid x by quitt+ _! c\ntry4 ,besides1 !y might corrupt ^? ( ! ,jews :o 7 newly conv]t$1 & ev5 ,*ri/ians !mselves2 b1 z ,/4 ,paul says1 :at communion is !re betwe5 ju/ice & iniquity1 light & d>kness1 ,jesus ,*ri/ & ,belial8 ,) respect to ! confiscation ( _! goods1 no?+ c\ld be m equitable1 z !y _h acquir$ !m only by usury t[>ds ,*ri/ians1 :o only receiv$ back1 !re=e1 :at 0 9 fact _! own4 ,9 %ort1 by ! dea? ( our ,"l1 ! ,jews became slaves1 & ev]y?+ t a slave possesses belongs to 8 ma/]4 ,we c\ld n b susp5d our n>rative = a mom5t to make ^! rem>ks1 9 opposition to p]sons :o h ?us calumniat$ ! piety1 ! spotless ju/ice1 & ! sanctity ( ! ,ca?olic k+4 ,at ,seville1 :]e an example ( sev]ity to ! ,jews 0 ard5tly desir$1 x 0 ! holy w ( ,god1 :o kn[s h[ to draw good out ( evil1 t a "y man :o 0 9 wait+ 9 consequ5ce ( an assignation1 %\ld see ?r\gh ! *9ks ( a p>tition an assembly ( ,jews1 & 9 consequ5ce in=m aga9/ !m4 ,a great numb] ( ! unhappy wret*es 7 appreh5d$1 & puni%$ z !y des]v$4 ,by virtue ( diff]5t edicts ( ! k+s ( ,spa91 & ( ! inquisitors1 g5]al & p>ticul>1 e/abli%$ 9 t k+dom1 !re 71 9 a v %ort "t1 ab\t two ?\s& h]etics burn$ at ,seville1 & m ?an f\r ?\s& f #adhb to #aebj4 ,a va/ numb] ( o!rs 7 condemn$ to p]petual imprisonm5t1 or expos$ to inflictions ( diff]5t descriptions4 ,! emigration f x 0 s great t five hundr$ h\ses 7 suppos$ to be left 9 consequ5ce q empty1 & 9 ! :ole diocese1 ?ree ?\s&2 & altoge!r m ?an a hundr$ ?\s& h]etics 7 put to dea?1 or puni%$ 9 "s o!r mann]1 or w5t into bani%m5t to avoid sev]] suff]+4 ,su* 0 ! de/ruction ( h]etics accompli%$ by ^! pi\s bre?r54 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,inquisition at ,tol$o 0 a fruitful s\rce ( rev5ue to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,9 ! %ort space ( two ye>s x actually burn$ at ! /ake fifty-two ob/9ate h]etics1 & two hundr$ & tw5ty m 7 outlaw$2 :5ce we may easily conjecture ( :at utility ! ,inquisition has be5 f its orig9al e/abli%m5t1 s9ce 9 s %ort a p]iod x p]=m$ su* wond]s4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ,pope ,boniface ,,ix4 attempt$ 9 va9 to e/abli% ! ,inquisition 9 ,portugal1 :]e he creat$ ! prov9cial ( ! ,dom9icans1 ,v9c5t de ,lisbon1 inquisitor-g5]al4 ,innoc5t ,,vii41 "s ye>s aft]1 hav+ nam$ z inquisitor ! ,m9im ,didacus de ,sylva1 ,k+ ,john ,i4 wrote to t pope t ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,inquisition 9 8 k+dom 0 contr>y to ! good ( 8 subjects1 to 8 own int]e/s1 & p]haps also to ! int]e/s ( religion4 ,! pope1 affect$ by ! repres5tations ( a too mild & easy mon>*1 revok$ all ! p[]s grant$ to ! inquisitors newly e/abli%$1 & au?oriz$ ,m>k1 bi%op ( ,s5igaglia1 to absolve ! p]sons accus$2 :i* he accord+ly did4 ,^? :o _h be5 depriv$ ( _! dignities & (fices 7 re-e/abli%$ 9 !m1 & _m 7 deliv]$ f ! fe> ( ! confiscation ( _! prop]ty4 ,b h[ admirable1 cont9ues ,p>amo1 is ! ,"l 9 all 8 ways6 ,t :i* ! sov]eign pontiffs _h be5 unable effectually to obta9 ) all _! urg5cy1 ,k+ ,john grant$ spontane\sly to a dext]\s impo/or1 :om ,god made use ( z an in/rum5t = accompli%+ ! good "w4 ,9 fact1 ! wick$ are frequ5tly useful in/rum5ts 9 ,god's h&s1 & he does n reject ! good !y br+ ab\t4 ,?us1 :5 ,john rem>ks to our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,"l1 we saw "o :o 0 n ,?y disciple ca/+ out demons 9 ,?y "n1 & we prev5t$ him f do+ s1 ,jesus answ]$ him1 ,prev5t him n2 = he :o works miracles 9 ,my "n w n speak ill ( ,me2 & he :o is n aga9/ ,me is = ,me4 ,p>amo relates aft]w>ds t he saw 9 ! libr>y ( ,/4 ,laur5ce1 at ! ,escorial1 a manuscript 9 ! h&writ+ ( ,saav$ra1 9 :i* t knave details 8 fabrication ( a false bull1 & obta9+ !reby 8 entre into ,seville z legate1 ) a tra9 ( a hundr$ & tw5ty dome/ics2 8 defraud+ ( ?irte5 ?\s& ducats ! heirs ( a ri* nobleman 9 t neighborhood1 dur+ 8 tw5ty days' resid5ce 9 ! palace ( ! ar*bi%op1 by produc+ a c\nt]feit bond = ! same sum1 :i* ! nobleman ackn[l$g$1 9 t in/rum5t1 to h borr[$ ( ! legate :5 he visit$ ,rome2 & f9ally1 aft] 8 arrival at ,badajoz1 ! p]mission grant$ him by ,k+ ,john ,,iii41 to :om he 0 pres5t$ by means ( =g$ lett]s ( ! pope1 to e/abli% tribunals ( ! ,inquisition 9 ! pr9cipal cities ( ! k+dom4 ,^! tribunals began imm$iately to ex]cise _! jurisdiction2 & a va/ numb] ( condemnations & executions ( relaps$ h]etics took place1 z also ( absolutions ( recant+ & p5it5t h]etics4 ,six mon?s _h pass$ 9 ?is mann]1 :5 ! tru? 0 made app>5t ( t expression 9 ! ,gospel1 ,!re is no?+ hid :i* %all n be made kn[n4 ,! ,m>quis de ,vill5euve de ,b>c>otta1 a ,spani% nobleman1 assi/$ by ! gov]nor ( ,mora1 _h ! impo/or appreh5d$ & conduct$ to ,madrid4 ,he 0 !re c>ri$ be=e ,john de ,tav]a1 ar*bi%op ( ,tol$o4 ,t prelate1 p]fectly a/oni%$ at all t n[ transpir$ ( ! knav]y & address ( ! false legate1 despat*$ all ! depositions & docum5ts relative to ! case to ,pope ,paul ,,iii42 z he did also ! acts ( ! inquisitions :i* ,saav$ra _h e/abli%$1 & by :i* x appe>$ t a great numb] ( h]etics _h already be5 judg$ & condemn$1 & t ! impo/or _h extort$ f 8 victims m ?an ?ree hundr$ ?\s& ducats4 ,! pope c\ld n help ackn[l$g+ 9 ?is ! f+] ( ,god & a miracle ( ,8 provid5ce2 he accord+ly =m$ ! congregation ( ! tribunal ( ! ,inquisition1 "u ! d5om9ation ( ,! ,holy ,(fice1 9 #aede1 & ,sixtus ,v4 confirm$ x 9 #aehh4 ,all writ]s b "o agree ) ,p>amo on ! subject ( ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,inquisition 9 ,portugal4 ,anto9e de ,s\sa alone1 9 8 ,aphorisms ( ,inquisitors1 calls ! hi/ory ( ,saav$ra 9 "q1 "u ! pret5ce t he may v easily be conceiv$ to h accus$ himself )\t be+ 9 fact guilty1 9 consid]ation ( ! glory :i* w\ld r$\nd to him f ! ev5t1 & 9 ! hope ( liv+ 9 ! memory ( mank9d4 ,b ,s\sa1 9 ! v n>rative :i* he sub/itutes = t ( ,p>amo1 exposes himself to ! suspicion ( bad fai?1 9 cit+ two bulls ( ,paul ,,iii41 & two o!rs f ! same pope to ,c>d9al ,h5ry1 ! k+'s bro!r2 bulls :i* ,s\sa has n introduc$ into 8 pr9t$ "w1 & :i* are n to be f\nd 9 any collection ( apo/olical bulls extant2 two decisive reasons = reject+ 8 op9ion1 & adh]+ to t ( ,p>amo1 ,hiescas1 ,salas>1 ,m5doa1 ,f]n&ez1 & ,plac5t9us4 ,:5 ! ,spani>ds pass$ ov] to ,am]ica !y c>ri$ ! ,inquisition ) !m2 ! ,portuguese introduc$ x 9 ! ,indies1 imm$iately ^u its be+ e/abli%$ at ,lisbon1 :i* l$ to ! obs]vation :i* ,l\is de ,p>amo makes 9 8 preface1 t ?is fl\ri%+ & v]dant tree _h ext5d$ its bran*es & its roots ?r\gh\t ! _w1 & produc$ ! mo/ pleasant fruits4 ,9 ord] to =m "s correct idea ( ! jurisprud5ce ( ! ,inquisition1 & ! =ms ( its proce$+s1 unkn[n to civil tribunals1 let u take a cursory view ( ! ,directory ( ,inquisitors1 :i* ,nicolas ,eym]ic1 gr& inquisitor ( ! k+dom ( ,aragon ab\t ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 compos$ 9 ,lat91 & address$ to 8 bro!r inquisitors1 9 virtue ( ! au?ority ( 8 (fice4 ,a %ort "t aft] ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 an edition ( ?is "w 0 pr9t$ at ,b>celona1 & soon convey$ to all ! inquisitions 9 ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,a second edition appe>$ at ,rome 9 #aegh1 9 folio1 ) s*olia & comm5t>ies by ,francois ,pegna1 doctor 9 !ology & canoni/4 ,! foll[+ eulogium on ! "w is giv5 by ! editor 9 an epi/le d$icatory to ,gregory ,,xiii43 ,:ile ,*ri/ian pr9ces are ev]y:]e engag$ 9 combat+ ) arms ! enemies ( ! ,ca?olic religion1 & p\r+ out ! blood ( _! soldi]s to support ! unity ( ! ,*ur* & ! au?ority ( ! apo/olic see1 !re are also zeal\s & devot$ writ]s1 :o toil 9 obscurity1 ei!r to refute ! op9ions ( innovators or to arm & direct ! p[] ( ! laws aga9/ _! p]sons1 9 ord] t ! sev]ity ( puni%m5ts1 & ! solemnity & torture att5d+ executions1 keep+ !m )9 ! b\nds ( duty1 may produce t effect ^u !m :i* _c be produc$ 9 !m by ! love ( virtue4 ,al?\gh ,i fill only ! l[e/ place among ^! def5d]s ( religion1 ,i am nev]!less animat$ ) ! same zeal = repress+ ! impi\s audacity & horrible depravity ( ! broa*]s ( innovation4 ,! labor :i* ,i "h pres5t to y on ! ',directory ( ,inquisitions1' w be a pro( ( my ass]tion4 ,?is "w ( ,nicolas ,eym]ic1 respectable = its antiquity1 conta9s a summ>y ( ! pr9cipal articles ( fai?1 & an elaborate & me?odical code ( in/ruction = ! tribunals ( ! ,holy ,inquisition1 on ! means :i* !y ought to employ = ! repression & extirpation ( h]etics2 on :i* acc\nt ,i felt x my duty to (f] x 9 homage to y\r hol9ess1 z ! *ief ( ! ,*ri/ian republic4 ,he decl>es1 else:]e1 t he _h x repr9t$ = ! in/ruction ( inquisitors2 t ! "w is z mu* to be admir$ z respect$1 & tea*es ) equal piety & le>n+ ! prop] means ( repress+ & ext]m9at+ h]etics4 ,he ackn[l$ges1 h[ev]1 t he is 9 possession ( o!r useful & judici\s me?ods1 = :i* he ref]s to practice1 :i* w in/ruct mu* m effectually ?an any lessons1 & t he m readily ?us sil5tly ref]s to practice1 z !re are c]ta9 matt]s relat+ to ! subject :i* x is ( importance n to divulge1 & :i*1 at ! same "t1 are g5]ally well kn[n to inquisitors4 ,he cites a va/ numb] ( writ]s1 all ( :om h foll[$ ! doctr9e ( ! ,directory2 & he ev5 compla9s t _m h avail$ !mselves ( x )\t ascrib+ any honor to ,eym]ic = ! good ?+s !y h 9 fact /ol5 f him4 ,we w secure ourselves f any reproa* ( ?is description1 by po9t+ out exactly :at we mean to borr[ bo? f ! au?or & ! editor4 ,eym]ic says1 9 ! fifty-eigh? page1 ,commis]ation = ! *ildr5 ( ! crim9al1 :o by ! sev]ity us$ t[>ds him are r$uc$ to begg>y1 %\ld nev] be p]mitt$ to mitigate t sev]ity1 s9ce bo? by div9e & human laws *ildr5 are puni%$ = ! faults ( _! fa!rs4 ,page #abc4 ,if a *>ge ent]$ = prosecution 7 de/itute ( e appe>ance ( tru?1 ! inquisitor %\ld n on t acc\nt expunge x f 8 regi/]1 because :at at "o p]iod has n be5 discov]$1 may be s at ano!r4 ,page #bia4 ,x is necess>y = ! inquisitor to oppose cunn+ & /ratagem to ^? employ$ by h]etics1 t he may ?us pay ! (f5d]s 9 _! own co91 & be enabl$ to adopt ! language ( ! apo/le1 ',be+ crafty1 ,i caught y ) guile4' ,page #bif4 ,! in=mation & depositions 7procs-v]bal7 may be read ov] to ! accus$1 completely suppress+ ! names ( ! accus]s2 & !n x is = him to conjecture :o ! p]sons are t h br\ght aga9/ him any p>ticul> *>ges1 to *all5ge !m z incompet5t witnesses1 or to weak5 _! te/imony by contr>y evid5ce4 ,?is is ! me?od g5]ally us$4 ,! accus$ mu/ n be p]mitt$ to imag9e t *all5ges ( witnesses w be easily all[$ 9 cases ( h]esy1 = x is ( no consequ5ce :e!r witnesses are respectable or infam\s1 accomplices 9 ! prison]'s (f5ce1 excommunicat$1 h]etical1 or 9 any mann] :atev] guilty1 or p]jur$1 etc4 ,?is has be5 s rul$ 9 favor ( ! fai?4 ,page #bjb4 ,! appeal :i* a prison] makes f ! ,inquisition does n preclude t tribunal f trial & s5t5ce ( him ^u o!r heads ( accusation4 ,page #cac4 ,al?\gh ! =m ( ! ord] = apply+ ! torture may suppose v>iation 9 ! answ]s ( ! accus$1 & also 9 addition suffici5t presumptive evid5ce aga9/ him = putt+ him to ! "q2 bo? ^! circum/ances are n necess>y1 & ei!r w be suffici5t = ! purpose )\t ! o!r4 ,pegna in=ms u1 9 ! hundr$ & eighte5? s*olium on ! ?ird book1 t inquisitors g5]ally employ only five k9ds ( torture :5 putt+ to ! "q1 al?\gh ,m>silius m5tions fifte5 k9ds1 & adds1 t he has imag9$ o!rs /ill--su*1 = example1 z preclud+ ! possibility ( sleep1 9 :i* he is approv$ by ,grill&us & ,locatus4 ,eym]ic cont9ues1 page #cai3 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 nev] to /ate 9 ! =m ( absolution1 t ! prison] is innoc5t1 b m]ely t !re 0 n suffici5t evid5ce aga9/ him2 a precaution necess>y to prev5t ! prison]1 absolv$ 9 "o case1 f plead+ t absolution 9 def5ce aga9/ any future *>ge t may be br\ght aga9/ him4 ,page #cbd4 ,sometimes abjuration & canonical purgation are prescrib$ toge!r4 ,?is is done1 :51 to a bad reputation ( an individual 9 po9t ( doctr9e are jo9$ inconsid]able presumptions1 :i*1 7 !y a little /rong]1 w\ld t5d to convict him ( hav+ really said or done some?+ injuri\s to ! fai?4 ,! prison] :o /&s 9 ^! circum/ances is compell$ to abjure all h]esy 9 g5]al2 & aft] t1 if he falls into any h]esy ( any description :atev]1 h[ev] diff]5t f ^? :i* may h con/itut$ ! matt] ( ! pres5t *>ge or suspicion aga9/ him1 he is puni%$ z a relaps$ p]son1 & deliv]$ ov] to ! secul> arm4 ,page #cca4 ,relaps$ p]sons1 :5 ! relapse is cle>ly prov$1 mu/ be deliv]$ up to secul> ju/ice1 :atev] prote/ation !y may make z to _! future conduct1 & :atev] contrition !y may express4 ,! inquisitor w1 9 su* circum/ances1 in=m ! secul> au?orities1 t on su* a p>ticul> day & h\r1 & 9 su* a p>ticul> place1 a h]etic w be deliv]$ up to !m & %\ld provide t notice be giv5 to ! public t !y w be expect$ to be pres5t at ! c]emony1 z ! inquisitor w deliv] a s]mon on ! occasion 9 def5ce ( ! true fai?1 & ^? :o att5d w obta9 ! usual indulg5ces4 ,^! indulg5ces are accord+ly detail$3 aft] ! =m ( s5t5ce giv5 aga9/ ! p5it5t h]etic1 ! inquisitor w grant =ty days' indulg5ce to all p]sons pres5t2 ?ree ye>s to ^? :o contribut$ to ! appreh5sion1 abjuration1 condemnation1 etc41 ( ! said h]etic2 & f9ally1 ?ree ye>s also w be grant$ by our holy fa!r1 ! pope1 to all :o w d5\nce any o!r h]etic4 ,page #ccb4 ,:5 ! culprit has be5 deliv]$ ov] to ! secul> au?ority1 x %all pron\nce its s5t5ce1 & ! crim9al %all be convey$ to ! place ( puni%m5t2 "s pi\s p]sons %all accompany him1 & associate him 9 _! pray]s1 & ev5 pray ) him2 & n leave him till he has r5d]$ up 8 s\l to 8 ,creator4 ,b x is _! duty to take p>ticul> c>e nei!r to say or to d any?+ :i* may ha/5 ! mom5t ( 8 dea?1 = fe> ( fall+ into "s irregul>ity4 ,accord+ly1 !y %\ld n exhort ! crim9al to m\nt ! scaffold1 or pres5t himself to ! execution]1 or advise ! execution] to get ready & arrange 8 in/rum5ts ( puni%m5t1 s t ! dea? may take place m quickly1 & ! prison] be prev5t$ f l+]+2 all = ! sake ( avoid+ irregul>ity4 ,page #cce4 ,%\ld x happ5 t ! h]etic1 :5 j ab\t to be fix$ to ! /ake to be burn$1 7 to give signs ( conv]sion1 he might1 p]haps1 out ( s+ul> l5ity & favor1 be all[$ to be receiv$ & %ut up1 l p5it5t h]etics1 )9 f\r walls1 al?\gh x w\ld be weak to place mu* reliance on a confession ( ?is nature1 & ! indulg5ce is n au?oriz$ by any express law2 su* l5ity1 h[ev]1 is v dang]\s4 ,i 0 witness ( an example 9 po9t at ,b>celona3 ,a prie/ :o 0 condemn$1 ) two o!r imp5it5t h]etics1 to be burn$1 & :o 0 actually 9 ! mid/ ( ! flames1 call$ on ! by/&]s to pull him out in/antly1 = he 0 will+ to be conv]t$2 he 0 accord+ly extricat$1 dreadfully scor*$ on "o side4 ,i d n mean to decide :e!r ?is 0 well or ill done2 b ,i "k t1 f\rte5 ye>s aft]w>ds1 he 0 /ill dogmatiz+1 & _h corrupt$ a consid]able numb] ( p]sons2 he 0 !re=e once m giv5 up to ju/ice1 & 0 burn$ to dea?4 ,no p]son d\bts1 says ,pegna1 s*olium #dg1 t h]etics ought to be put to dea?2 b ! p>ticul> me?od ( execution may well be a topic ( discussion4 ,alphonso de ,ca/ro1 9 ! second book ( 8 "w1 ,on ! ,j ,puni%m5t ( ,h]etics1 consid]s x a matt] ( great indiff]5ce :e!r !y are de/roy$ by ! sword1 by fire1 or any o!r me?od2 b ,ho/i5sis ,god(r$us1 ,cov>ruvias1 ,simancas1 ,roxas1 etc41 ma9ta9 t !y ought decid$ly to be burn$4 ,9 fact1 z ,ho/i5sis v well express$ x1 execution by fire is ! puni%m5t appropriate to h]esy4 ,we read 9 ,/4 ,john1 ,if any "o rema9 n 9 me1 he %all be ca/ =?1 z a bran*1 & )]1 & m5 %all ga!r x & ca/ x into ! fire & burn x4 ,x may be add$1 cont9u$ ',pegna1 t ! univ]sal cu/om ( ! ,*ri/ian republic is 9 support ( ?is op9ion4 ,simancas & ,roxas decide t h]etics ought to be burn$ alive2 b "o precaution %\ld always be tak5 9 burn+ !m1 :i* is te>+ out ! tongue & keep+ ! m\? p]fectly clos$1 9 ord] to prev5t _! sc&aliz+ ! spectators by _! impieties4 ,f9ally1 page #cfi1 ,eym]ic enjo9s ^? :om he addresses to proce$ 9 matt]s ( h]esy /raight =w>d1 )\t any wrangl+s ( advocates1 & )\t s _m =ms & solemnities z are g5]ally employ$ 9 crim9al cases2 t is1 to make ! process z %ort z possible1 by cutt+ (f useless delays1 by go+ on ) ! he>+ & trial ( su* causes1 ev5 on days :5 ! labors ( ! o!r judges are susp5d$2 by disall[+ e appeal :i* has = its app>5t object m]ely a po/ponem5t ( f9al judgm5t2 & by n admitt+ an unnecess>y multitude ( witnesses1 etc4 ,?is revolt+ sy/em ( jurisprud5ce has simply be5 put "u "s re/riction 9 ,spa9 & ,portugal2 :ile at ,milan ! ,inquisition itself has at l5g? be5 entirely suppress$4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,! ,inquisition is well kn[n to be an admirable & truly ,*ri/ian inv5tion = increas+ ! p[] ( ! pope & monks1 & r5d]+ ! population ( a :ole k+dom hypocrites4 ,/4 ,dom9ic is usually consid]$ z ! p]son to :om ! _w is pr9cipally indebt$ = ?is in/itution4 ,9 fact1 we h /ill extant a pat5t grant$ by t great sa9t1 express$ precisely 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,i1 bro!r ,dom9ic1 reconcile to ! ,*ur* ,rog]1 ! be>] ( ^! pres5ts1 on condition ( 8 be+ sc\rg$ by a prie/ on ?ree successive ,sundays f ! entrance ( ! city to ! *ur* doors2 ( 8 ab/a9+ f meat all 8 life2 ( 8 fa/+ = ! space ( ?ree ,l5ts 9 a ye>2 ( 8 nev] dr9k+ w9e2 ( 8 c>ry+ ab\t him ! 'san b5ito' ) crosses2 ( 8 recit+ ! brevi>y e day1 & t5 pat]no/]s 9 ! c\rse ( ! day1 & tw5ty at midnight2 ( 8 pres]v+ p]fect *a/ity1 & ( 8 pres5t+ himself e mon? be=e ! p>i% prie/1 etc42 ! :ole "u pa9 ( be+ treat$ z h]etical1 p]jur$1 & imp5it5t4 ,al?\gh ,dom9ic 0 ! real f\nd] ( ! ,inquisition1 yet ,l\is de ,p>amo1 "o ( ! mo/ respectable writ]s & mo/ brilliant lum9>ies ( ! ,holy ,(fice1 relates1 9 ! second *apt] ( 8 second book1 t ,god 0 ! fir/ in/itutor ( ! ,holy ,(fice1 & t he ex]cis$ ! p[] ( ! prea*+ bre?r51 t is ( ! ,dom9ican ,ord]1 aga9/ ,adam4 ,9 ! fir/ place ,adam is cit$ be=e ! tribunal3 ,adam ubi es8--,adam1 :]e art ?\8 ,& 9 fact1 adds ,p>amo1 ! want ( ?is citation w\ld h r5d]$ ! :ole proc$ure ( ,god null4 ,! dresses =m$ ( sk9s1 :i* ,god made = ,adam & ,eve1 7 ! model ( ! san b5ito1 :i* ! ,holy ,(fice requires to be worn by h]etics4 ,x is true t1 accord+ to ?is argum5t1 ,god 0 ! fir/ tailor2 x is n1 h[ev]1 ! less evid5t1 on acc\nt ( t ludicr\s & pr(ane inf]5ce1 t he 0 ! fir/ inquisitor4 ,adam 0 depriv$ ( ! immovable prop]ty he possess$ 9 ! t]re/rial p>adise1 & h5ce ! ,holy ,(fice confiscates ! prop]ty ( all :om x condemns4 ,l\is de ,p>amo rem>ks1 t ! inhabitants ( ,sodom 7 burn$ z h]etics because _! crime is a =mal h]esy4 ,he !nce passes to ! hi/ory ( ! ,jews3 & 9 e "p ( x discov]s ! ,holy ,(fice4 ,jesus ,*ri/ is ! fir/ inquisitor ( ! new law2 ! popes 7 inquisitors by div9e "r2 & !y aft]w>ds communicat$ _! p[] to ,/4 ,dom9ic4 ,he aft]w>ds e/imates ! numb] ( all ^? :om ! ,inquisition has put to dea?2 he /ates x to be consid]ably above a hundr$ ?\s&4 ,8 book 0 pr9t$ 9 #aehi1 at ,madrid1 ) ! approbation ( doctors1 ! eulogiums ( bi%ops1 & ! privilege ( ! k+4 ,we c1 at ! pres5t day1 sc>cely =m any idea ( horrors at once s extravagant & abom9able2 b at t p]iod no?+ appe>$ m natural & edify+4 ,all m5 resemble ,l\is de ,p>amo :5 !y are fanatics4 ,p>amo 0 a pla91 direct man1 v exact 9 dates1 omitt+ no int]e/+ fact1 & calculat+ ) precision ! numb] ( human victims immolat$ by ! ,holy ,(fice ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,he relates1 ) great navet1 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,inquisition 9 ,portugal1 & co9cides p]fectly ) f\r o!r hi/orians :o h treat$ ( t subject4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt !y unanim\sly agree 93 ,s+ul>4 ,e/abli%m5t ( ! ,inquisition 9 ,portugal4 ,pope ,boniface _h long be=e1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 delegat$ "s ,dom9ican fri>s to g to ,portugal1 f "o city to ano!r1 to burn h]etics1 ,mussulmans1 & ,jews2 b ^! 7 it9]ant & n /ation>y2 & ev5 ! k+s sometimes compla9$ ( ! vexations caus$ by !m4 ,pope ,clem5t ,,vii4 0 desir\s ( giv+ !m a fix$ resid5ce 9 ,portugal1 z !y _h 9 ,aragon & ,ca/ile4 ,difficulties1 h[ev]1 arose betwe5 ! c\rt ( ,rome & t ( ,lisbon2 temp]s became irritat$1 ! ,inquisition suff]$ by x1 & 0 f> f be+ p]fectly e/abli%$4 ,9 #aeci1 !re appe>$ at ,lisbon a legate ( ! pope1 :o came1 he said1 to e/abli% ! holy ,inquisition on immovable f\ndations4 ,he deliv]$ 8 lett]s to ,k+ ,john ,,iii4 f ,pope ,paul ,,iii4 ,he _h o!r lett]s f ,rome = ! *ief (fic]s ( ! c\rt2 8 pat5ts z legate 7 duly seal$ & sign$2 & he exhibit$ ! mo/ ample p[]s = creat+ a gr& inquisitor & all ! judges ( ! ,holy ,(fice4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 9 fact an impo/or ( ! "n ( ,saav$ra1 :o _h ! tal5t ( c\nt]feit+ h&-writ+s1 seals1 & coats-(-arms4 ,he _h acquir$ ! art at ,rome1 & 0 p]fect$ 9 x at ,seville1 at :i* place he arriv$ 9 company ) two o!r %>p]s4 ,8 tra9 0 magnific5t1 consi/+ ( m ?an a hundr$ & tw5ty dome/ics4 ,to defray1 at lea/ 9 "p1 ! enorm\s exp5se ) :i* all ?is spl5dor 0 att5d$1 he & 8 associates borr[$ at ,seville l>ge sums 9 ! "n ( ! apo/olic *amb] ( ,rome2 ev]y?+ 0 conc]t$ ) ! mo/ consummate art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,e/abli%m5t ,,( ,,! ,,inquisition ,,9 ,,portugal ,! k+ ( ,portugal 0 at fir/ p]fectly a/oni%$ at ! pope's despat*+ a legate to him )\t any previ\s ann\ncem5t to him ( 8 int5tion4 ,! legate ha/ily obs]v$ t 9 a conc]n s urg5t z t ( e/abli%+ ! ,inquisition on a firm f\ndation1 8 hol9ess c\ld admit ( no delays1 & t ! k+ might consid] himself honor$ by ! holy fa!r's hav+ appo9t$ a legate to be ! fir/ p]son to ann\nce 8 int5tion4 ,! k+ did n v5ture to reply4 ,! legate on ! same day con/itut$ a gr& inquisitor1 & s5t ab\t collectors to receive ! t5?s2 & be=e ! c\rt c\ld obta9 answ]s f ,rome to its repres5tations on ! subject1 ! legate _h br\ght two hundr$ victims to ! /ake1 & collect$ m ?an two hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns4 ,h[ev]1 ! m>quis ( ,villanova1 a ,spani% nobleman1 ( :om ! legate _h borr[$ at ,seville a v consid]able sum ^u =g$ bills1 det]m9$1 if possible1 to repay himself ! money ) 8 own h&s1 in/ead ( go+ to ,lisbon & expos+ himself to ! intrigues & influ5ce ( ! sw9dl] !re4 ,! legate 0 at ?is "t mak+ 8 circuit ?r\gh ! c\ntry1 & happ5$ v conv5i5tly to be on ! bord]s ( ,spa94 ,! m>quis unexpect$ly advanc$ ^u him ) fifty m5 well arm$1 c>ri$ him (f prison]1 & conduct$ him to ,madrid4 ,! :ole impo/ure 0 spe$ily discov]$ at ,lisbon2 ! ,c\ncil ( ,madrid condemn$ ! legate ,saav$ra to be flogg$ & s5t to ! galleys = t5 ye>s2 b ! mo/ admirable circum/ance 01 t ,pope ,paul ,,iv4 confirm$ subsequ5tly all t ! impo/or _h e/abli%$2 out ( ! pl5itude ( 8 div9e p[] he rectifi$ all ! little irregul>ities ( ! v>i\s proc$ures1 & r5d]$ sacr$ :at be=e 0 m]ely human4 ,( :at importance ! arm :i* ,god employs 9 ,8 sacr$ s]vice8--,qu'importe de quel bras ,dieu daigne se s]vir8 ,su* 0 ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,inquisition became e/abli%$ at ,lisbon2 & ! :ole k+dom extoll$ ! wisdom & provid5ce ( ,god on ! occasion4 ,to conclude1 ! me?ods ( proc$ure adopt$ by ?is tribunal are g5]ally kn[n2 x is well kn[n h[ /rongly !y are oppos$ to ! false equity & bl9d reason ( all o!r tribunals 9 ! _w4 ,m5 are imprison$ on ! m]e accusation ( p]sons ! mo/ infam\s2 a son may d5\nce 8 fa!r1 & ! wife h] husb&2 ! accus$ is nev] confront$ ) ! accus]s2 & ! prop]ty ( ! p]son convict$ is confiscat$ = ! b5efit ( ! judges3 su* at lea/ 0 ! mann] ( its proce$+ d[n to our own times4 ,surely 9 ?is we mu/ p]ceive some?+ decid$ly div9e2 = x is absolutely incompreh5sible t m5 %\ld h pati5tly submitt$ to ?is yoke4 ,at l5g? ,c\nt ,ar&a has obta9$ ! bless+s ( all ,europe by p>+ ! nails & fil+ ! tee? ( ! mon/] 9 ,spa92 x brea!s1 h[ev]1 /ill4 ,,in/9ct4 ,in/9ctus1 impulsus1 impulse2 b :at p[] impels u8 ,all feel+ is in/9ct4 ,a secret con=mity ( our organs to _! respective objects =ms our in/9ct4 ,x is solely by in/9ct t we p]=m numb]less involunt>y movem5ts1 j z x is by in/9ct t we possess curiosity1 t we run aft] novelty1 t m5aces t]rify u1 t contempt irritates u1 t an air ( submission appeases u1 & t te>s s(t5 u4 ,we are gov]n$ by in/9ct1 z well z cats & goats2 ?is is "o fur!r circum/ance 9 :i* we resemble ! m]e animal tribes--a resemblance z inconte/able z t ( our blood1 our necessities1 & ! v>i\s functions ( our bodies4 ,our in/9ct is nev] s %rewd & skilful z !irs1 & does n ev5 approa* x2 a calf & a lamb1 z soon z !y are born1 ru% to ! f\nta9 ( _! "m's milk2 b unless ! "m ( ! infant clasp$ x 9 h] arms1 & fold$ x to h] bosom1 x w\ld inevitably p]i%4 ,no woman 9 a /ate ( pregnancy 0 ev] inv9cibly impell$ to prep>e = h] infant a conv5i5t wick] cradle1 z ! wr5 ) its bill & claws prep>es a ne/ = h] (fspr+4 ,b ! p[] ( reflection :i* we possess1 9 conjunction ) two indu/ri\s h&s pres5t$ to u by nature1 raises u to an equality ) ! in/9ct ( animals1 & 9 ! c\rse ( "t places u inf9itely above !m1 bo? 9 respect to good & evil--a proposition condemn$ by ! memb]s ( ! anci5t p>liam5t & by ! ,sorbonne1 natural philosoph]s ( di/+ui%$ em95ce1 & :o1 x is well kn[n1 h admirably promot$ ! p]fection ( ! arts4 ,our in/9ct1 9 ! fir/ place1 impels u to beat our bro!r :5 he vexes u1 if we are r\s$ into a passion ) him & feel t we are /rong] ?an he is4 ,aft]w>ds1 our sublime reason leads u on to ! inv5tion ( arr[s1 swords1 pikes1 & at l5g? muskets1 to kill our neighbors )4 ,in/9ct alone urges u all to make love--,amor omnibus idem2 b ,virgil1 ,tibullus1 & ,ovid s+ x4 ,x is f in/9ct alone t a "y artisan /&s gaz+ ) respect & admiration be=e ! sup]f9e gilt coa* ( a commission] ( taxes4 ,reason comes to ! assi/ance ( ! "y artisan2 he is made a collector2 he becomes poli%$2 he embezzles2 he rises to be a great man 9 8 turn1 & dazzles ! eyes ( 8 =m] comrades z he lolls at ease 9 8 own c>riage1 m pr(usely gild$ ?an t :i* orig9ally excit$ 8 admiration & ambition4 ,:at is ?is in/9ct :i* gov]ns ! :ole animal k+dom1 & :i* 9 u is /r5g!n$ by reason or repress$ by habit8 ,is x div9 p>ticula aur8 ,yes1 und\bt$ly x is some?+ div9e2 = ev]y?+ is s4 ,ev]y?+ is ! incompreh5sible effect ( an incompreh5sible cause4 ,ev]y?+ is sway$1 is impell$ by nature4 ,we reason ab\t ev]y?+1 & orig9ate no?+4 ,,int]e/4 ,we %all tea* m5 no?+1 :5 we tell !m t ev]y?+ we d is done f int]e/4 ,:at6 x w be said1 is x f motives ( int]e/ t ! wret*$ fakir rema9s />k nak$ "u ! burn+ sun1 load$ ) *a9s1 dy+ ) hung]1 half dev\r$ by v]m91 & dev\r+ !m 9 8 turn8 ,yes1 mo/ und\bt$ly x is2 z we h /at$ else:]e1 he dep5ds ^u asc5d+ to ! eighte5? heav51 & looks ) an eye ( pity on ! man :o w be admitt$ only into ! n9?4 ,! int]e/ ( ! ,malab> wid[1 :o burns h]self ) ! corpse ( h] husb&1 is to recov] him 9 ano!r _w1 & be !re m happy ev5 ?an ! fakir4 ,=1 toge!r ) _! metempsy*osis1 ! ,indians h ano!r _w2 !y resemble ourselves2 _! sy/em admits ( contradictions4 ,7 y ev] acqua9t$ ) any k+ or republic t made ei!r w> or peace1 t issu$ decrees1 or ent]$ into conv5tions1 f any o!r motive ?an t ( int]e/8 ,) respect to ! int]e/ ( money1 consult1 9 ! great ,encyclopdia1 ! article ( ,m4 d',alemb]t1 on ,calculation1 & t ( ,m4 ,b\*] d',argis1 on ,jurisprud5ce4 ,we w v5ture to add a few reflections4 #a4 ,are gold & silv] m]*&ise8 ,yes2 ! au?or ( ! ,_s ( ,laws does n ?9k s :5 he says3 ,money1 :i* is ! price ( commodities1 is hir$ & n b\ght4 ,x is bo? l5t & b\ght4 ,i buy gold ) silv]1 & silv] ) gold2 & _! price fluctuates 9 all comm]cial c\ntries f day to day4 ,! law ( ,holl& requires bills ( ex*ange to be paid 9 ! silv] co9 ( ! c\ntry1 & n 9 gold1 if ! cr$itor dem&s x4 ,!n ,i buy silv] money1 & ,i pay = x 9 gold1 or 9 clo?1 corn1 or diamonds4 ,i am 9 want ( money1 corn1 or diamonds1 = ! space ( a ye>2 ! corn1 money1 or diamond m]*ant says--,i c\ld1 = ?is ye>1 sell my money1 corn1 or diamonds to advantage4 ,let u e/imate at f\r1 five1 or six p] c5t41 accord+ to ! usage ( ! c\ntry1 :at ,i %\ld lose by lett+ y h x4 ,y %all1 = in/ance1 return me at ! end ( ! ye>1 tw5ty-"o c>ats ( diamonds = ! tw5ty :i* ,i n[ l5d y2 tw5ty-"o sacks ( corn = ! tw5ty2 tw5ty-"o ?\s& cr[ns = tw5ty ?\s& cr[ns4 ,su* is int]e/4 ,x is e/abli%$ among all nations by ! law ( nature4 ,! maximum or highe/ rate ( int]e/ dep5ds1 9 e c\ntry1 on its own p>ticul> law4 ,9 ,rome money is l5t on pl$ges at two & a half p] c5t41 accord+ to law1 & ! pl$ges are sold1 if ! money be n paid at ! appo9t$ "t4 ,i d n l5d ^u pl$ges1 & ,i require only ! int]e/ cu/om>y 9 ,holl&4 ,if ,i 7 9 ,*9a1 ,i %\ld ask ( y ! cu/om>y int]e/ at ,macao & ,canton4 #b4 ,:ile ! p>ties 7 proce$+ ) ?is b>ga9 at ,am/]dam1 x happ5$ t !re arriv$ f ,/4 ,magliore1 a ,jans5i/ 7& ! fact is p]fectly true1 he 0 call$ ! ,abb des ,iss>ts72 ?is ,jans5i/ says to ! ,dut* m]*ant1 ,take c>e :at y are ab\t2 y are absolutely incurr+ damnation2 money mu/ n produce money1 'nummus nummum non p>it4' ,no "o is all[$ to receive int]e/ = 8 money b :5 he is will+ to s9k ! pr9cipal4 ,! way to be sav$ is to make a contract ) ! g5tleman2 & = tw5ty ?\s& cr[ns :i* y are nev] to h return$ to y1 y & y\r heirs w receive a ?\s& cr[ns p] annum to all et]nity4 ,y je/1 replies ! ,dut*man2 y are 9 ?is v case propos+ to me a usury t is absolutely ( ! nature ( an inf9ite s]ies4 ,i %\ld 7t is1 myself & heirs w\ld7 9 t case receive back my capital at ! end ( tw5ty ye>s1 ! d\ble ( x 9 =ty1 ! f\r-fold ( x 9 eighty2 ?is y see w\ld be j an inf9ite s]ies4 ,i _c1 besides1 l5d = m ?an twelve mon?s1 & ,i am cont5t$ ) a ?\s& cr[ns z a remun]ation4 ,,! ,,abb ,,des ,,iss>ts4--,i am griev$ = y\r ,dut* s\l2 ,god =bade ! ,jews to l5d at int]e/1 & y are well aw>e t a citiz5 ( ,am/]dam %\ld punctually obey ! laws ( comm]ce giv5 9 a wild]ness to runaway vagrants :o _h no comm]ce4 ,,! ,,dut*man4--,t is cle>2 all ! _w ought to be ,jews2 b x seems to me1 t ! law p]mitt$ ! ,hebrew horde to ga9 z mu* by usury z !y c\ld f =eign]s1 & t1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is p]mission1 !y manag$ _! affairs 9 ! sequel rem>kably well4 ,besides1 ! prohibition aga9/ "o ,jew's tak+ int]e/ f ano!r mu/ necess>ily h become obsolete1 s9ce our ,"l ,jesus1 :5 prea*+ at ,j]usalem1 expressly said t int]e/ 0 9 8 "t "o hundr$ p] c5t42 = 9 ! p>able ( ! tal5ts he says1 t ! s]vant :o _h receiv$ five tal5ts ga9$ five o!rs 9 ,j]usalem by !m2 t he :o _h two ga9$ two by !m2 & t ! ?ird :o _h only "o1 & did n turn t to any acc\nt1 0 %ut up 9 a dungeon by 8 ma/]1 = n lay+ x out ) ! money-*ang]s4 ,b ^! money-*ang]s 7 ,jews2 x 0 !re=e betwe5 ,jews t usury 0 practis$ at ,j]usalem2 !re=e ?is p>able1 drawn f ! circum/ances & mann]s ( ! times1 decid$ly indicates t usury or int]e/ 0 at ! rate ( a hundr$ p] c5t4 ,read ! tw5ty-fif? *apt] ( ,/4 ,mat!w2 he 0 conv]sant ) ! subject2 he _h be5 a commission] ( taxes 9 ,galilee4 ,let me f9i% my argum5t ) ?is g5tleman2 & d n make me lose bo? my money & my "t4 ,,! ,,abb ,,des ,,iss>ts4--,all t y say is v good & v f9e2 b ! ,sorbonne has decid$ t l5d+ money on int]e/ is a mortal s94 ,,! ,,dut*man4--,y mu/ be laugh+ at me1 my good fri5d1 :5 y cite ! ,sorbonne z an au?ority to a m]*ant ( ,am/]dam4 ,!re is n a s+le individual among ^? wrangl+ rail]s !mselves :o does n obta91 :5ev] he c1 five or six p] c5t1 = 8 money by pur*as+ rev5ue bills1 ,india bonds1 assignm5ts1 & ,canada bills4 ,! cl]gy ( ,france1 z a corporate body1 borr[ at int]e/4 ,9 _m ( ! prov9ces ( ,france1 x is ! cu/om to /ipulate = int]e/ ) ! pr9cipal4 ,besides1 ! univ]sity ( ,ox=d & t ( ,salamanca h decid$ aga9/ ! ,sorbonne4 ,i acquir$ ?is in=mation 9 ! c\rse ( my travels2 & ?us we h au?ority aga9/ au?ority4 ,once m1 ,i mu/ beg y to int]rupt me no long]4 ,,! ,,abb ,,des ,,iss>ts4--,! wick$1 sir1 are nev] at a loss = reasons4 ,y are1 ,i repeat1 absolutely de/roy+ y\rself1 = ! ,abb de ,/4 ,cyran1 :o has n p]=m$ any miracles1 & ! ,abb ,p>is1 :o p]=m$ "s 9 ,/4 ,md>d4444 #c4 ,be=e ! abb _h f9i%$ 8 spee*1 ! m]*ant drove him out ( 8 c\nt+-h\se2 & aft] hav+ legally l5t 8 money1 to ! la/ p5ny1 w5t to repres5t ! conv]sation betwe5 himself & ! abb1 to ! magi/rates1 :o =bade ! ,jans5i/s f propagat+ a doctr9e s p]nici\s to comm]ce4 ,g5tlem51 said ! *ief bailiff1 give u ( efficaci\s grace z mu* z y please1 ( pr$e/9ation z mu* z y please1 & ( communion z little z y please2 on ^! po9ts y are ma/]s2 b take c>e n to m$dle ) ! laws ( comm]ce4 ,,intol]ance4 ,read ! article on ,intol]ance 9 ! great ,encyclopdia4 ,read ! treatise on ,tol]ation compos$ on occasion ( ! dreadful assass9ation ( ,john ,calas1 a citiz5 ( ,t\l\se2 & if1 aft] t1 y all[ ( p]secution 9 matt]s ( religion1 comp>e y\rself at once to ,ravaillac4 ,ravaillac1 y "k1 0 highly intol]ant4 ,! foll[+ is ! sub/ance ( all ! disc\rses ev] deliv]$ by ! intol]ant3 ,y mon/]2 y w be burn$ to all et]nity 9 ! o!r _w1 & :om ,i w myself burn z soon z ev] ,i c 9 ?is1 y really h ! insol5ce to read de ,?\ & ,bayle1 :o h be5 put into ! index ( prohibit$ au?ors at ,rome6 ,:5 ,i 0 prea*+ to y 9 ! "n ( ,god1 h[ ,samson _h kill$ a ?\s& m5 ) ! jawbone ( an ass1 y\r head1 /ill h>d] ?an ! ars5al f :i* ,samson obta9$ 8 arms1 %[$ me by a slight movem5t f left to "r t y believ$ no?+ ( :at ,i said4 ,& :5 ,i /at$ t ! devil ,asmodeus1 :o out ( jeal\sy twi/$ ! necks ( ! sev5 husb&s ( ,s>ah among ! ,m$es1 0 put 9 *a9s 9 upp] ,egypt1 ,i saw a small contraction ( y\r lips1 9 ,lat9 call$ ca*9nus 7a gr97 :i* pla9ly indicat$ to me t 9 ! bottom ( y\r s\l y held ! hi/ory ( ,asmodeus 9 d]ision4 ,& z = y1 ,isaac ,newton2 ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 k+ ( ,prussia & elector ( ,br&5burg2 ,john ,locke2 ,ca!r9e1 empress ( ,russia1 victori\s ov] ! ,ottomans2 ,john ,milton2 ! b5efic5t sov]eign ( ,d5m>k2 ,%akespe>e2 ! wise k+ ( ,sw$52 ,leibnitz2 ! augu/ h\se ( ,brunswick2 ,tillotson2 ! emp]or ( ,*9a2 ! ,p>liam5t ( ,engl&2 ! ,c\ncil ( ! great ,mogul2 9 %ort1 all y :o d n believe "o ^w :i* ,i h taught 9 my c\rses on div9ity1 ,i decl>e to y1 t ,i reg>d y all z pagans & publicans1 z1 9 ord] to engrave x on y\r unimpressible bra9s1 ,i h (t5 told y be=e4 ,y are a set ( call\s miscreants2 y w all g to geh5na1 :]e ! worm dies n & ! fire is n qu5*$2 = ,i am "r1 & y are all wrong2 & ,i h grace1 & y h none4 ,i confess ?ree devotees 9 my neighborhood1 :ile y d n confess a s+le "o2 ,i h execut$ ! m&ates ( bi%ops1 :i* has nev] be5 ! case ) y2 ,i h abus$ philosoph]s 9 ! language ( ! fi%-m>ket1 :ile y h protect$1 imitat$1 or equall$ !m2 ,i h compos$ pi\s defamatory libels1 /uff$ ) infam\s calumnies1 & y h nev] s mu* z read !m4 ,i say mass e day 9 ,lat9 = f\rte5 s\s1 & y are nev] ev5 s mu* z pres5t at x1 any m ?an ,cic]o1 ,cato1 ,pompey1 ,cs>1 ,horace1 or ,virgil1 7 ev] pres5t at x--consequ5tly y des]ve ea* ( y to h y\r "r h& cut (f1 y\r tongue cut out1 to be put to ! torture1 & at la/ burn$ at a sl[ fire2 = ,god is m]ciful4 ,su*1 )\t ! slighte/ abatem5t1 are ! maxims ( ! intol]ant1 & ! sum & sub/ance ( all _! books4 ,h[ delightful to live ) su* amiable p6 ,,inundation4 ,0 !re ev] a "t :5 ! globe 0 entirely inundat$8 ,x is physically impossible4 ,x is possible t ! sea may successively h cov]$ e l&1 "o "p aft] ano!r2 & ev5 ?is c only h happ5$ by v sl[ gradation1 & 9 a prodigi\s numb] ( c5turies4 ,9 ! c\rse ( five hundr$ ye>s ! sea has retir$ f ,aigues-,mortes1 ,frjus1 & ,rav5na1 :i* 7 consid]able ports1 & left ab\t two leagues ( l& dry4 ,accord+ to ! ratio ( su* progression1 x is cle> t x w\ld require two million & two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& ye>s to produce ! same effect ?r\gh ! :ole circuit ( ! globe4 ,x is a some:at rem>kable circum/ance t ?is p]iod ( "t ne>ly falls 9 ) t :i* ! axis ( ! e>? w\ld require to be rais$1 s z to co9cide ) ! equator2 a *ange extremely probable1 :i* began to be consid]$ s only ab\t fifty ye>s s9ce1 & :i* c\ld n be complet$ 9 a %ort] p]iod ( "t ?an two million & ?ree hundr$ ?\s& ye>s4 ,! b$s or /rata ( %ells1 :i* h be5 discov]$ at ! di/ance ( "s leagues f ! sea1 are an inconte/able evid5ce t x has gradually deposit$ ^! m>9e productions on tracts :i* 7 =m]ly %ores ( ! ocean2 b t ! wat] %\ld h ev] cov]$ ! :ole globe at once is an absurd *im]a 9 physics1 demon/rat$ to be impossible by ! laws ( gravitation1 by ! laws ( fluids1 & by ! insuffici5t quantity ( wat] = ! purpose4 ,we d n1 h[ev]1 by ^! obs]vations1 at all mean to impea* ! tru? ( ! univ]sal deluge1 relat$ 9 ! ,p5tateu*2 on ! contr>y1 t is a miracle :i* x is our duty to believe2 x is a miracle1 & !re=e c\ld n h be5 accompli%$ by ! laws ( nature4 ,all is miracle 9 ! hi/ory ( ! deluge--a miracle1 t =ty days ( ra9 %\ld h inundat$ ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! _w1 & h rais$ ! wat] to ! height ( fifte5 cubits above ! tops ( ! l(tie/ m\nta9s2 a miracle1 t !re %\ld h be5 cat>acts1 floodgates1 & op5+s 9 heav52 a miracle1 t all sorts ( animals %\ld h be5 collect$ 9 ! ark f all p>ts ( ! _w2 a miracle t ,noah f\nd ! means ( fe$+ !m = a p]iod ( t5 mon?s2 a miracle t all ! animals ) all _! provisions c\ld h be5 includ$ & reta9$ 9 ! ark2 a miracle1 t ! great] "p ( !m did n die2 a miracle1 t aft] quitt+ ! ark1 !y f\nd food en\gh to ma9ta9 !m2 & a fur!r miracle1 b ( a diff]5t k9d1 t a p]son1 by ! "n ( ,lepelleti]1 ?\ght himself capable ( expla9+ h[ all ! animals c\ld be conta9$ & f$ 9 ,noah's ark naturally1 t is1 )\t a miracle4 ,b ! hi/ory ( ! deluge be+ t ( ! mo/ miracul\s ev5t ( :i* ! _w ev] he>d1 x mu/ be ! height ( folly & madness to attempt an explanation ( x3 x is "o ( ! my/]ies :i* are believ$ by fai?2 & fai? consi/s 9 believ+ t :i* reason does n believe--:i* is only ano!r miracle4 ,! hi/ory ( ! univ]sal deluge1 !re=e1 is l t ( ! t[] ( ,babel1 ( ,balaam's ass1 ( ! fall+ ( ! walls ( ,j]i*o at ! s\nd ( trumpets1 ( wat]s turn$ into blood1 ( ! passage ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 & ( ! :ole ( ! prodigies :i* ,god condesc5d$ to p]=m 9 favor ( 8 *os5 p--dep?s unfa?omable to ! human und]/&+4 ,,jehovah4 ,jehovah1 ! anci5t "n ( ,god4 ,no p ev] pron\nc$ x ,geova1 z ! ,fr5* d2 !y pron\nc$ x ,ivo2 y f9d x s writt5 9 ,san*onia?on1 cit$ by ,eusebius1 ,prep41 book x42 9 ,diodorus1 book ii42 & 9 ,macrobius1 ,sat41 book i4 ,all nations h pron\nc$ x ie & n g4 ,?is sacr$ "n 0 =m$ out ( ! v[els i1 e1 o1 u1 9 ! ea/4 ,"s pron\nc$ e1 oh1 ) an aspirate1 i1 e o1 va4 ,! ^w 0 always to be con/itut$ ( f\r lett]s1 al?\gh we h "h us$ five1 = want ( p[] to express ^! f\r *>act]s4 ,we h already obs]v$ t1 accord+ to ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 by seiz+ on ! correct pronunciation ( ?is "n a p]son _h x 9 8 p[] to produce ! dea? ( any man4 ,clem5t gives an in/ance ( x4 ,long be=e ! "t ( ,moses1 ,se? _h pron\nc$ ! "n ( ,jehovah1 z is relat$ 9 ! f\r? *apt] ( ,g5esis2 &1 accord+ to ! ,hebrew1 ,se? 0 ev5 call$ ,jehovah4 ,abraham swore to ! k+ ( ,sodom by ,jehovah1 *ap4 xiv4 #bb4 ,f ! ^w ,jehovah1 ! ,lat9s d]iv$ ,jove1 ,jovis1 ,jovispet]1 ,jupit]4 ,9 ! bu%1 ! ,almighty says to ,moses1 ,my "n is ,jehovah4 ,9 ! ord]s :i* he gave ,him = ! c\rt ( ,ph>aoh1 he says to him3 ,i appe>$ to ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 z ! mighty ,god1 only by my "n1 ,adonai1' ,i 0 n kn[n to !m1 & ,i made a cov5ant ) !m4 ,! ,jews did n = a long "t pron\nce ?is "n4 ,x 0 common to ! ,phnicians & ,egyptians4 ,x signifi$1 t :i* is2 & h5ce1 probably1 is d]iv$ ! inscription ( ,isis3 ,i am all t is4 ,,jeph?ah4 ,,section ,i4 ,x is evid5t f ! text ( ! ,book ( ,judges t ,jeph?ah promis$ to sacrifice ! fir/ p]son t %\ld come out ( 8 h\se to congratulate him on 8 victory ov] ! ,ammonites4 ,8 only daught] pres5t$ h]self be=e him = t purpose2 he tore 8 g>m5ts & immolat$ h]1 aft] hav+ promis$ h] to g & deplore 9 ! recesses ( ! m\nta9s ! calamity ( h] dy+ a virg94 ,! daught]s ( ,israel long cont9u$ to celebrate ?is pa9ful ev5t1 & devot$ f\r days 9 ! ye> to lam5tation = ! daught] ( ,jeph?ah4 ,9 :atev] p]iod ?is hi/ory 0 writt51 :e!r x 0 imitat$ f ! ,greek hi/ory ( ,agamemnon & ,idom5eus1 or 0 ! model f :i* t hi/ory 0 tak52 :e!r x might be ant]ior or po/]ior to simil> n>ratives 9 ,assyrian hi/ory is n ! po9t ,i am n[ exam9+4 ,i keep /rictly to ! text4 ,jeph?ah v[$ to make 8 daught] a burnt (f]+1 & fulfill$ 8 v[4 ,x 0 expressly comm&$ by ! ,jewi% law to sacrifice m5 devot$ to ! ,"l3 ,e man t %all be devot$ %all n be r$eem$1 b %all be put to dea? )\t remission4 ,! ,vulgate translates x3 ,he %all n be r$eem$1 b %all die ! dea?4 ,x 0 9 virtue ( ?is law t ,samuel hew$ 9 pieces ,k+ ,agag1 :om1 z we h already se51 ,saul _h p>don$4 ,9 fact1 x 0 = sp>+ ,agag t ,saul 0 rebuk$ by ! ,"l1 & lo/ 8 k+dom4 ,?us1 !n1 we p]ceive sacrifices ( human blood cle>ly e/abli%$2 !re is no po9t ( hi/ory m inconte/able3 we c only judge ( a nation by its own ar*ives1 & by :at x relates conc]n+ itself4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,!re are1 !n1 x seems1 p]sons to be f\nd :o hesitate at no?+1 :o falsify a passage ( ,scripture z intrepidly z if !y 7 quot+ its v words1 & :o hope to deceive mank9d by _! falsehoods1 kn[+ !m p]fectly to be su*4 ,if su* d>+ impo/ors are to be f\nd n[1 we _c help suppos+1 t be=e ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 :i* af=ds su* facility1 & almo/ c]ta9ty ( detection1 !re exi/$ a hundr$ times z _m4 ,"o ( ! mo/ impud5t falsifi]s :o h lately appe>$1 is ! au?or ( an infam\s libel entitl$ ,! ,anti-,philosophic ,diction>y1 :i* truly des]ves its title4 ,b my read]s w say1 ,d n be s irritat$2 :at is x to y t a contemptible book has be5 publi%$8 ,g5tlem51 x is to ! subject ( ,jeph?ah1 to ! subject ( human victims1 ( ! blood ( m5 sacrific$ to ,god1 t ,i am n[ desir\s ( draw+ y\r att5tion6 ,! au?or1 :oev] he may be1 translates ! ?irty-n9? v]se ( ! fir/ *apt] ( ! hi/ory ( ,jeph?ah z foll[s3 ,%e return$ to ! h\se ( h] fa!r1 :o fulfill$ ! consecration :i* he _h promis$ by 8 v[1 & 8 daught] rema9$ 9 ! /ate ( virg9ity4 ,yes1 falsifi] ( ! ,bible1 ,i am irritat$ at x1 ,i ackn[l$ge2 b y h li$ to ! holy _s2 :i* y ought to "k is a s9 :i* is nev] p>don$4 ,! passage 9 ! ,vulgate is z foll[s3 ,et rev]sa e/ ad patrem suum1 et fecit ei sicut vov]at qu ignorabat virum4 ,ex9de mos increbruit 9 ,israel et consuetudo s]vata e/1 ut po/ anni circulum conv5iant 9 unum fili ,israel1 et plangant filiam ,jephte ,galaadit1 diebus quatuor4 ,& %e return$ to h] fa!r & he did to h] z he _h v[$1 to h] :o _h nev] kn[n man2 & h5ce came ! usage1 & ! cu/om is /ill obs]v$1 t ! daught]s ( ,israel assemble e ye> to lam5t ! daught] ( ,jeph?ah = f\r days4 ,y w j h ! goodness1 ,mr4 ,anti-philosoph]1 to tell u1 :e!r f\r days ( lam5tation e ye> h be5 devot$ to weep+ ! fate ( a "y woman because %e 0 consecrat$8 ,:e!r any nuns 7religieuses7 7 ev] solemnly appo9t$ among a p :o consid]$ virg9ity an opprobrium8 ,& also1 :at is ! natural mean+ ( ! phrase1 he did to h] z he _h v[$--,fecit ei sicut vov]at8 ,:at _h ,jeph?ah v[$8 ,:at _h he promis$ by an oa? to p]=m8 ,to kill 8 daught]2 to (f] h] up z a burnt (f]+--& he did kill h]4 ,read ,calmet's diss]tation on ! ra%ness ( ,jeph?ah's v[ & its fulfilm5t2 read ! law :i* he cites1 t t]rible law ( ,leviticus1 9 ! tw5ty-sev5? *apt]1 :i* comm&s t all :i* %all be devot$ to ! ,"l %all n be ransom$1 b %all die ! dea?3 ,non r$imetur1 s$ morte morletur4 ,obs]ve ! multitude ( examples by :i* ?is mo/ a/oni%+ tru? is atte/$4 ,look at ! ,amalekites & ,canaanites2 look at ! k+ ( ,arvad & all 8 family subject$ to ! law ( devotion2 look at ! prie/ ,samuel slay+ ,k+ ,agag ) 8 own h&s1 & cutt+ him into pieces z a but*] cuts up an ox 9 8 slaught]-h\se4 ,aft] consid]+ all ?is1 g & corrupt1 falsify1 or d5y holy ,scripture1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 y\r p>adox2 & insult ^? :o rev]e ! ,scripture1 h[ev] a/oni%+ & conf\nd+ !y may f9d x4 ,give ! lie direct to ! hi/orian ,josephus1 :o transcribes ! n>rative 9 "q1 & positively ass]ts t ,jeph?ah immolat$ 8 daught]4 ,pile revil+s ^u falsehoods1 & calumny ^u ignorance2 sages w smile at y\r impot5ce2 & sages1 ?ank ,god1 are at pres5t nei!r few nor weak4 ,oh1 t y c\ld b see ! sov]eign contempt ) :i* !y look d[n ^u ! ,r\?s1 :5 !y corrupt ! holy ,scripture1 & :5 !y boa/ ( hav+ disput$ ) ! presid5t ,montesquieu 9 8 la/ h\r1 & conv9c$ him t he ought to ?9k exactly l ! ,jesuits6 ,,jesuits2 ,,or ,,pride4 ,! ,jesuits h be5 s mu* a subject ( disc\rse & discussion t1 aft] hav+ engag$ ! att5tion ( ,europe = a p]iod ( two hundr$ ye>s1 !y at la/ beg9 to we>y & disgu/ x1 :e!r !y write !mselves1 or :e!r any "o else writes = or aga9/ t s+ul> society2 9 :i* x mu/ be confess$ !re h be5 f\nd1 & are to be f\nd /ill1 individuals ( v extraord9>y m]it4 ,!y h be5 reproa*$1 9 ! six ?\s& volumes t h be5 writt5 aga9/ !m1 ) _! lax morality1 :i* has n1 h[ev]1 be5 m lax ?an t ( ! ,capu*9s2 & ) _! doctr9e relat+ to ! safety ( ! p]son ( k+s2 a doctr9e :i* aft] all is n to be comp>$ ) ! horn-h&l$ knife ( ,james ,clem5t2 nor ) ! prep>$ ho/1 ! spr9kl$ waf]1 :i* s well answ]$ ! purpose ( ,ange de ,montepulciano1 ano!r ,jacob91 & :i* poison$ ! emp]or ,h5ry ,,vii4 ,x is n v]satile grace :i* has be5 _! ru91 nor ! fraudul5t bankruptcy ( ! rev]5d ,fa!r ,lavalette1 prefect ( ! apo/olic missions4 ,a :ole ord] has n be5 expell$ f ,france & ,spa9 & ! two ,sicilies1 because t ord] conta9$ a s+le bankrupt4 ,nor 0 x affect$ by ! odi\s deviations ( ! ,jesuit ,guyot-,desfonta9es1 or ! ,jesuit ,frron1 or ! rev]5d fa!r ,m>sy1 s injuri\s1 9 ! latt] in/ance1 to ! y\?ful & high-born victim4 ,! public refus$ to att5d ^! ,greek & ,lat9 imitations ( ,anacreon & ,horace4 ,:at is x !n t 0 _! ru98--pride1 ,:at1 x may be ask$ by "s1 7 ! ,jesuits pr\d] ?an any o!r monks8 ,yes2 & s mu* s t !y procur$ a lettre de ca*et aga9/ an ecclesia/ic = call+ !m monks4 ,"o memb] ( ! society1 call$ ,cr\/1 m brutal ?an ! re/1 a bro!r ( ! confessor ( ! second dauph9ess1 0 absolutely1 9 my pres5ce1 go+ to beat ! son ( ,m4 de ,guyot1 aft]w>ds k+'s advocate 7prteur-royal7 at ,/rasburg1 m]ely = say+ he w\ld g to see him 9 8 conv5t4 ,x is p]fectly incr$ible ) :at contempt !y consid]$ e univ]sity :]e !y _h n be5 educat$1 e book :i* !y _h n writt51 e ecclesia/ic :o 0 n a man ( quality4 ,( ?is ,i h myself1 times )\t numb]1 be5 a witness4 ,!y express !mselves 9 ! foll[+ language1 9 _! libel entitl$ ,x is ,"t to ,speak ,out3 ,%\ld we condesc5d ev5 to speak to a magi/rate :o says ! ,jesuits are pr\d & ought to be humbl$8 ,!y 7 s pr\d t !y w\ld n suff] any "o to blame _! pride6 ,:5ce did ?is hateful pride orig9ate8 ,f ,fa!r ,gu9>d's hav+ be5 hang$8 :i* is lit]ally true4 ,x mu/ be rem>k$ t aft] ! execution ( t ,jesuit "u ,h5ry ,,iv41 & aft] ! bani%m5t ( ! society f ! k+dom1 !y 7 recall$ only on ! indisp5sable condition t "o ,jesuit %\ld always reside at c\rt1 :o %\ld be responsible = all ! re/4 ,coton 0 ! p]son :o ?us became a ho/age at ! c\rt ( ,h5ry ,,iv42 & t excell5t mon>*1 :o 0 n )\t 8 little /ratagems ( policy1 ?\ght to conciliate ! pope by mak+ a ho/age ( 8 confessor4 ,f t mom5t e bro!r ( ! ord] seem$ to feel z if he _h be5 rais$ to be k+'s confessor4 ,?is place ( fir/ spiritual physician became a dep>tm5t ( ! adm9i/ration "u ,l\is ,,xiii41 & moreso /ill "u ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,! bro!r ,vadbl1 valet de *ambre ( ,fa!r ,la ,*aise1 grant$ 8 protection to ! bi%ops ( ,france2 & ,fa!r ,letelli] rul$ ) a sceptre ( iron ^? :o 7 v well dispos$ to be s rul$4 ,x 0 impossible t ! great] "p ( ! ,jesuits %\ld n be puff$ up by ! consequ5ce & p[] to :i* ^! two memb]s ( _! society _h be5 rais$1 & t !y %\ld n become z insol5t z ! lackeys ( ,m4 ,l\vois4 ,!re h be5 among !m1 c]ta9ly1 m5 ( k1 eloqu5ce1 & g5ius2 ^! possess$ "s mode/y1 b ^? :o _h only m$iocrity ( tal5t or acquirem5t 7 ta9t$ ) t pride :i* g5]ally atta*es to m$iocrity & to ! p$antry ( a college4 ,f ! "t ( ,fa!r ,g>asse almo/ all _! polemical works h be5 p]vad$ ) an indec5t & scornful arrogance :i* has r\s$ ! indignation ( all ,europe4 ,?is arrogance frequ5tly sank into ! mo/ pitiful meanness2 s t !y discov]$ ! extraord9>y secret ( be+ objects at once ( envy & contempt4 ,obs]ve1 = example1 h[ !y express$ !mselves ( ! celebrat$ ,pasqui]1 advocate-g5]al ( ! *amb] ( acc\nts3 ,pasqui] is a m]e port]1 a ,p>isian v>let1 a second-rate %[man & je/]1 a j\rneyman retail] ( ballads & old /ories1 a contemptible hirel+1 only fit to be a lackey's valet1 a scrub1 a disgu/+ ragamuff91 /rongly suspect$ ( h]esy1 & ei!r h]etical or mu* worse1 a libid9\s & fil?y satyr1 a ma/]-fool by nature1 9 %>p1 9 flat1 & ?r\gh\t ! :ole gamut1 a ?ree-%od fool1 a fool d\ble-dy$1 a fool 9 gra91 a fool 9 e sort ( folly4 ,!y aft]w>ds poli%$ _! /yle2 b pride1 by becom+ less gross1 only became ! m revolt+4 ,ev]y?+ is p>don$ except pride2 & ?is acc\nts = ! fact t all ! p>liam5ts 9 ! k+dom1 ! memb]s ( :i* _h ! great] "p ( !m be5 disciples ( ! ,jesuits1 seiz$ ! fir/ opportunity ( effect+ _! annihilation2 & ! :ole l& rejoic$ 9 _! d[nfall4 ,s deeply 0 ! _s ( pride root$ 9 !m t x manife/$ itself ) ! mo/ indec5t rage1 ev5 :ile !y 7 held d[n to ! e>? by ! h& ( ju/ice1 & _! f9al s5t5ce yet rema9$ to be pron\nc$4 ,we ne$ only read ! celebrat$ memorial already m5tion$1 entitl$ ,x is ,"t to ,speak ,out1 pr9t$ at ,avignon 9 #agfc1 "u ! assum$ "n ( ,anv]s4 ,x beg9s ) an ironical petition to ! p]sons hold+ ! c\rt ( p>liam5t4 ,x addresses !m ) z mu* sup]iority & contempt z c\ld be %[n 9 reprim&+ a proctor's cl]k4 ,! illu/ri\s ,m4 de ,montcl>1 procureur-gnral1 ! oracle ( ! ,p>liam5t ( ,prov5ce1 is cont9ually treat$ z ,m4 ,rip]t1 & rebuk$ ) z mu* consequ5ce & au?ority z a mut9\s & ignorant s*ol> by a pr(essor 9 8 *air4 ,!y pu%$ _! audacity s f> z to say t ,m4 de ,montcl> blasphem$ 9 giv+ an acc\nt ( ! in/itution ( ! ,jesuits4 ,9 _! memorial1 entitl$ ,all ,%all be ,told1 !y insult /ill m d>+ly ! ,p>liam5t ( ,metz1 & always 9 ! /yle ( arrogance & dictation d]iv$ f ! s*ools4 ,!y h reta9$ ?is pride ev5 9 ! v a%es to :i* ,france & ,spa9 h n[ r$uc$ !m4 ,f ! bottom ( ^? a%es ! s]p5t1 scot*$ z x has be51 has aga9 rais$ its ho/ile head4 ,we h se5 a contemptible creature1 ( ! "n ( ,nonnotte1 set himself up = a critic on 8 ma/]s2 &1 al?\gh possess+ m]ely tal5t en\gh = prea*+ to a mob 9 ! *ur*-y>d1 disc\rs+ ) all ! ease ( impud5ce ab\t ?+s ( :i* he has n ! slighte/ notion4 ,ano!r insol5t memb] ( ! society1 call$ ,pat\illet1 d>$1 9 ! bi%op's m&ates1 to insult respectable citiz5s & (fic]s ( ! k+'s h\sehold1 ^: v lackeys w\ld n h p]mitt$ him to speak to !m4 ,"o ( ! ?+s on :i* !y mo/ prid$ !mselves1 0 introduc+ !mselves into ! h\ses ( ! great 9 _! la/ illness1 z ambassadors ( ,god1 to op5 to !m ! gates ( heav51 )\t _! previ\sly pass+ ?r\gh purgatory4 ,"u ,l\is ,,xiv4 x 0 consid]$ z hav+ a bad aspect1 x 0 unfa%ionable & discr$itable1 to die )\t hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ! h&s ( a ,jesuit2 & ! wret*1 imm$iately aft] ! fatal sc5e _h clos$1 w\ld g & boa/ to 8 devotees t he _h j be5 conv]t+ a duke & pe]1 :o1 )\t 8 protection1 w\ld h be5 inevitably damn$4 ,! dy+ man might say3 ,by :at "r1 y college excrem5t1 d y intrude y\rself on me 9 my dy+ mom5ts8 ,0 ,i ev] se5 to g to y\r cells :5 any ( y _h ! fi/ula or gangr5e1 & 7 ab\t to return y\r gross & unwieldy bodies to ! e>?8 ,has ,god grant$ y\r s\l any rights ov] m9e8 ,d ,i require a preceptor at ! age ( sev5ty8 ,d y c>ry ! keys ( ,p>adise at y\r girdle8 ,y d>e to call y\rself an ambassador ( ,god2 %[ me y\r pat5t & if y h none1 let me die 9 peace4 ,no ,b5$ict9e1 ,*>treux1 or ,premon/rant1 comes to di/urb my dy+ mom5ts2 !y h no wi% to erect a trophy to _! pride ^u ! b$ ( our la/ agony2 !y rema9 peacefully 9 _! cells2 d y re/ quietly 9 y\rs2 !re c be no?+ 9 common betwe5 y & me4 ,a comic circum/ance occurr$ on a truly m\rnful occasion1 :5 an ,engli% ,jesuit1 ( ! "n ( ,r\?1 eag]ly /rove to possess himself ( ! la/ h\r ( ! great ,montesquieu4 ,he came1 he said1 to br+ back t virtu\s s\l to religion2 z if ,montesquieu _h n kn[n :at religion 0 bett] ?an a ,r\?2 z if x _h be5 ! w ( ,god t ,montesquieu %\ld ?9k l a ,r\?6 ,he 0 driv5 out ( ! *amb]1 & w5t all ov] ,p>is1 exclaim+1 ,i h conv]t$ t celebrat$ man2 ,i prevail$ ^u him to ?r[ 8 ',p]sian ,lett]s' & 8 ',_s ( ,laws' into ! fire4 ,c>e 0 tak5 to pr9t ! n>rative ( ! conv]sion ( ,presid5t ,montesquieu by ! rev]5d fa!r ,r\? 9 ! libel entitl$ ,! ,anti-,philosophic ,diction>y4 ,ano!r subject ( pride & ambition ) ! ,jesuits 0 mak+ missions to v>i\s cities1 j z if !y _h be5 among ,indians or ,japanese4 ,!y w\ld oblige ! :ole magi/racy to att5d !m 9 ! /reets2 a cross 0 borne be=e !m1 plant$ 9 ! pr9cipal public places2 !y dispossess$ ! resid5t cl]gy2 !y became complete ma/]s ( ! city4 ,a ,jesuit ( ! "n ( ,aub]t p]=m$ "o ( ^! missions to ,colm>1 & compell$ ! advocate-g5]al ( ! sov]eign c\ncil to burn at 8 feet 8 copy ( ,bayle1 :i* _h co/ him no less ?an fifty cr[ns4 ,= my own "p1 ,i ackn[l$ge t ,i w\ld r h burn$ bro!r ,aub]t himself4 ,judge h[ ! pride ( ?is ,aub]t mu/ h swell$ ) ?is sacrifice z he boa/$ ( x to 8 comrades at night1 & z he exult+ly wrote ! acc\nt ( x to 8 g5]al4 ,o monks1 monks6 be mode/1 z ,i h already advis$ y2 be mod]ate1 if y wi% to avoid ! calamities imp5d+ ov] y4 ,,jews4 ,,section ,i4 ,y ord] me to draw y a fai?ful picture ( ! _s ( ! ,jews1 & ( _! hi/ory1 &--)\t ent]+ into ! ineffable ways ( ,provid5ce1 :i* are n our ways--y seek 9 ! mann]s ( ?is p ! s\rce ( ! ev5ts :i* t ,provid5ce prep>$4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! ,jewi% nation is ! mo/ s+ul> t ! _w has ev] se52 & al?\gh1 9 a political view1 ! mo/ contemptible ( all1 yet 9 ! eyes ( a philosoph]1 x is1 on v>i\s acc\nts1 wor?y consid]ation4 ,! ,gueb]s1 ! ,banians1 & ! ,jews1 are ! only nations :i* exi/ disp]s$1 hav+ no alliance ) any p1 are p]petuat$ among =eign nations1 & cont9ue ap>t f ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,! ,gueb]s 7 once inf9itely m consid]able ?an ! ,jews1 = !y are ca/es ( ! ,p]sians1 :o _h ! ,jews "u _! dom9ion2 b !y are n[ scatt]$ ov] b "o "p ( ! ,ea/4 ,! ,banians1 :o are desc5d$ f ! anci5t p among :om ,py?agoras acquir$ 8 philosophy1 exi/ only 9 ,india & ,p]sia2 b ! ,jews are disp]s$ ov] ! :ole face ( ! e>? & if !y 7 assembl$1 w\ld compose a nation mu* m num]\s ?an x ev] 0 9 ! %ort "t t !y 7 ma/]s ( ,pale/9e4 ,almo/ e p :o h writt5 ! hi/ory ( _! orig91 h *os5 to set x (f by prodigies2 ) !m all has be5 miracle2 _! oracles h pr$ict$ no?+ b conque/2 & su* ( !m z h really become conqu]ors h _h no difficulty 9 believ+ ^! anci5t oracles :i* 7 v]ifi$ by ! ev5t4 ,! ,jews are di/+ui%$ among ! nations by ?is--t _! oracles are ! only true ones1 ( :i* we are n p]mitt$ to d\bt4 ,^! oracles1 :i* !y und]/& only 9 ! lit]al s5se1 h a hundr$ times =etold to !m t !y %\ld be ma/]s ( ! _w2 yet !y h nev] possess$ any?+ m ?an a small corn] ( l&1 & t only = a small numb] ( ye>s1 & !y h n n[ s mu* z a village ( _! own4 ,!y mu/1 !n1 believe1 & !y d believe1 t _! pr$ictions w "o day be fulfill$1 & t !y %all h ! empire ( ! e>?4 ,among ! ,mussulmans & ! ,*ri/ians !y are ! l[e/ ( all nations1 b !y ?9k !mselves ! highe/4 ,?is pride 9 _! abasem5t is ju/ifi$ by an unansw]able reason--viz41 t !y are 9 reality ! fa!rs ( bo? ,*ri/ians & ,mussulmans4 ,! ,*ri/ian & ! ,mussulman religion ackn[l$ge ! ,jewi% z _! p>5t2 &1 by a s+ul> contradiction1 !y at once hold ?is p>5t 9 rev]5ce & 9 abhorr5ce4 ,x 7 =eign to our pres5t purpose to repeat t cont9u$ succession ( prodigies :i* a/oni%es ! imag9ation & ex]cises ! fai?4 ,we h "h to d only ) ev5ts purely hi/orical1 :olly ap>t f ! div9e concurr5ce & ! miracles :i* ,god1 = s long a "t1 v\*saf$ to "w 9 ?is p's favor4 ,fir/1 we f9d 9 ,egypt a family ( sev5ty p]sons produc+1 at ! end ( two hundr$ & fifte5 ye>s1 a nation c\nt+ six hundr$ ?\s& fight+ m52 :i* makes1 ) ! wom51 ! *ildr5 & ! old m51 upw>d ( two millions ( s\ls4 ,!re is no example ^u e>? ( s prodigi\s an increase ( population2 ?is p1 hav+ come out ( ,egypt1 /ay$ =ty ye>s 9 ! des]ts ( ,/ony ,arabia1 & 9 t frightful c\ntry ! p mu* dim9i%$4 ,:at rema9$ ( ?is nation advanc$ a little nor?w>d 9 ^? des]ts4 ,x appe>s t !y _h ! same pr9ciples :i* ! tribes ( ,/ony & ,des]t ,arabia h s9ce _h1 ( but*]+ )\t m]cy ! inhabitants ( little t[ns ov] :om !y _h ! advantage1 & res]v+ only ! "y wom54 ,! int]e/s ( population h ev] be5 ! pr9cipal object ( bo?4 ,we f9d t :5 ! ,arabs _h conqu]$ ,spa91 !y impos$ tributes ( m>riageable girls2 & at ?is day ! ,arabs ( ! des]t make no treaty )\t /ipulat+ = "s girls & a few pres5ts4 ,! ,jews arriv$ 9 a s&y1 m\nta9\s c\ntry1 :]e !re 7 a few t[ns1 inhabit$ by a little p call$ ! ,midianites4 ,9 "o ,midianite camp1 alone1 !y took six hundr$ & sev5ty-five ?\s& %eep1 sev5ty-two ?\s& ox51 sixty-"o ?\s& asses1 & ?irty-two ?\s& virg9s4 ,all ! m51 all ! wives1 & all ! male *ildr51 7 massacr$2 ! girls & ! booty 7 divid$ betwe5 ! p & ! sacrific]s4 ,!y !n took1 9 ! same c\ntry1 ! t[n ( ,j]i*o2 b hav+ devot$ ! inhabitants ( t place to ! ana!ma1 !y massacr$ !m all1 includ+ ! virg9s1 p>don+ none b ,rahab1 a c\rtesan1 :o _h aid$ !m 9 surpris+ ! t[n4 ,! le>n$ h agitat$ ! "q :e!r ! ,jews1 l s _m o!r nations1 really sacrific$ m5 to ! ,div9ity4 ,?is is a dispute on words2 ^?1 :om ! p consecrat$ to ! ana!ma 7 n put to dea? on an alt>1 ) religi\s rites2 b !y 7 n ! less immolat$1 )\t its be+ p]mitt$ to p>don any "o ( !m4 ,leviticus 7xxvii41 #bi7 expressly =bids ! r$eem+ ( ^? :o %all h be5 devot$4 ,its words are1 ,!y %all surely be put to dea?4 ,by virtue ( ?is law x 0 t ,jeph?ah devot$ & kill$ 8 daught]1 t ,saul w\ld h kill$ 8 son1 & t ! prophet ,samuel cut 9 pieces ,k+ ,agag1 ,saul's prison]4 ,x is q c]ta9 t ,god is ! ma/] ( ! lives ( m51 & t x is n = u to exam9e ,8 laws4 ,we ought to limit ourselves to believ+ ^! ?+s1 & rev]5c+ 9 sil5ce ! designs ( ,god1 :o p]mitt$ !m4 ,x is also ask$ :at "r _h /rang]s l ! ,jews to ! l& ( ,canaan8 ,! answ] is1 t !y _h :at ,god gave !m4 ,no soon] _h !y tak5 ,j]i*o & ,lais ?an !y _h a civil w> among !mselves1 9 :i* ! tribe ( ,b5jam9 0 almo/ :olly ext]m9at$--m51 wom51 & *ildr52 leav+ only six hundr$ males4 ,! p1 unwill+ t "o ( ! tribes %\ld be annihilat$1 be?\ght !mselves ( sack+ ! :ole city ( ! tribe ( ,manasseh1 kill+ all ! m51 old & "y1 all ! *ildr51 all ! m>ri$ wom51 all ! wid[s1 & tak+ six hundr$ virg9s1 :om !y gave to ! six hundr$ survivors ( ! tribe ( ,b5jam91 to re/ore t tribe1 9 ord] t ! numb] ( _! twelve tribes might /ill be complete4 ,mean:ile1 ! ,phnicians1 a p[]ful p settl$ 9 ! coa/s f "t immemorial1 be+ al>m$ at ! depr$ations & cruelties ( ^! newcom]s1 frequ5tly *a/is$ !m2 ! neighbor+ pr9ces unit$ aga9/ !m2 & !y 7 sev5 times r$uc$ to slav]y1 = m ?an two hundr$ ye>s4 ,at la/ !y made !mselves a k+1 :om !y elect$ by lot4 ,?is k+ c\ld n be v mighty2 = 9 ! fir/ battle :i* ! ,jews f\ght "u him1 aga9/ _! ma/]s1 ! ,phili/9es1 !y _h1 9 ! :ole army1 b "o sword & "o lance1 & n "o weapon ( /eel4 ,b ,david1 _! second k+1 made w> ) advantage4 ,he took ! city ( ,salem1 aft]w>ds s celebrat$ "u ! "n ( ,j]usalem1 & !n ! ,jews began to make "s figure on ! bord]s ( ,syria4 ,_! gov]nm5t & _! religion took a m augu/ =m4 ,hi!rto !y _h n ! means ( rais+ a temple1 ?\gh e neighbor+ nation _h "o or m4 ,solomon built a sup]b "o1 & reign$ ov] ?is p ab\t =ty ye>s4 ,n only 7 ! days ( ,solomon ! mo/ fl\ri%+ days ( ! ,jews1 b all ! k+s ^u e>? c\ld n exhibit a treasure approa*+ ,solomon's4 ,8 fa!r1 ,david1 ^: pr$ecessor _h n ev5 iron1 left to ,solomon tw5ty-five ?\s& six hundr$ & =ty-eight millions ( ,fr5* livres 9 ready money4 ,8 fleets1 :i* w5t to ,ophir1 br\ght him sixty-eight millions p] annum 9 pure gold1 )\t reckon+ ! silv] & jewels4 ,he _h =ty ?\s& /ables1 & ! same numb] ( coa*-h\ses1 twelve ?\s& /ables = 8 cavalry1 sev5 hundr$ wives1 & ?ree hundr$ concub9es4 ,yet he _h nei!r wood nor workm5 = build+ 8 palace & ! temple2 he borr[$ !m ( ,hiram1 k+ ( ,tyre1 :o also furni%$ gold2 & ,solomon gave ,hiram tw5ty t[ns 9 paym5t4 ,! comm5tators h ackn[l$g$ t ^! ?+s ne$ explanation1 & h suspect$ "s lit]al error 9 ! copyi/1 :o alone c h be5 mi/ak54 ,on ! dea? ( ,solomon1 a division took place among ! twelve tribes compos+ ! nation4 ,! k+dom 0 torn asund]1 & sep>at$ into two small prov9ces1 "o ( :i* 0 call$ ,judah1 ! o!r ,israel--n9e tribes & a half compos+ ! ,israeliti% prov9ce1 & only two & a half t ( ,judah4 ,!n !re 0 betwe5 ^! two small peoples a hatr$1 ! m implacable z !y 7 k9sm5 & neighbors1 & z !y _h diff]5t religions2 = at ,si*em & at ,sam>ia !y wor%ipp$ ,baal--giv+ to ,god a ,sidonian "n2 :ile at ,j]usalem !y wor%ipp$ ,adonai4 ,at ,si*em 7 consecrat$ two calves2 at ,j]usalem1 two *]ubim--:i* 7 two w+$ animals ) d\ble heads1 plac$ 9 ! sanctu>y4 ,s1 ea* faction hav+ its k+s1 its gods1 its wor%ip1 & its prophets1 !y made a bloody w> ^u ea* o!r4 ,:ile ?is w> 0 c>ri$ on1 ! k+s ( ,assyria1 :o conqu]$ ! great] "p ( ,asia1 fell ^u ! ,jews2 z an eagle p\nces ^u two liz>ds :ile !y are fight+4 ,! n9e & a half tribes ( ,sam>ia & ,si*em 7 c>ri$ (f & disp]s$ =ev]2 nor has x be5 precisely kn[n to :at places !y 7 l$ into slav]y4 ,x is b tw5ty leagues f ! t[n ( ,sam>ia to ,j]usalem1 & _! t]ritories jo9$ ea* o!r2 s t :5 "o ( ^! t[ns 0 enslav$ by p[]ful conqu]ors1 ! o!r c\ld n long hold out4 ,j]usalem 0 sack$ sev]al times2 x 0 tribut>y to k+s ,hazael & ,raz91 enslav$ "u ,tigla?-,piles]1 ?ree times tak5 by ,nebu*odonosor1 or ,nebu*adnezz>1 & at la/ de/roy$4 ,z$ekiah1 :o _h be5 set up z k+ or gov]nor by ?is conqu]or1 0 l$1 ) 8 :ole p1 into captivity 9 ,babylonia2 s t ! only ,jews left 9 ,pale/9e 7 a few enslav$ peasants1 to s[ ! gr\nd4 ,z = ! little c\ntry ( ,sam>ia & ,si*em1 m f]tile ?an t ( ,j]usalem1 x 0 re-peopl$ by =eign colonies1 s5t !re by ,assyrian k+s1 :o took ! "n ( ,sam>itans4 ,! two & a half tribes t 7 slaves 9 ,babylonia & ! neighbor+ t[ns = sev5ty ye>s1 _h "t to adopt ! usages ( _! ma/]s1 & enri*$ _! own tongue by mix+ ) x ! ,*aldan2 ?is is inconte/able4 ,! hi/orian ,josephus tells u t he wrote fir/ 9 ,*aldan1 :i* is ! language ( 8 c\ntry4 ,x appe>s t ! ,jews acquir$ b little ( ! sci5ce ( ! ,magi2 !y turn$ brok]s1 money-*ang]s1 & old-clo!s m52 by :i* !y made !mselves necess>y1 z !y /ill d1 & grew ri*4 ,_! ga9s enabl$ !m to obta91 "u ,cyrus1 ! lib]ty ( rebuild+ ,j]usalem2 b :5 !y 7 to return into _! own c\ntry1 ^? :o _h gr[n ri* at ,babylon1 w\ld n quit s f9e a c\ntry = ! m\nta9s ( ,clesyria1 nor ! fruitful banks ( ! ,euphrates & ! ,tigris1 = ! torr5t ( ,k$ron4 ,only ! meane/ "p ( ! nation return$ ) ,zorobabel4 ,! ,jews ( ,babylon contribut$ only _! alms to ! rebuild+ ( ! city & ! temple2 nor 0 ! collection a l>ge "o2 = ,esdras relates t no m ?an sev5ty ?\s& cr[ns c\ld be rais$ = ! erection ( ?is temple1 :i* 0 to be t ( all ! e>?4 ,! ,jews /ill rema9$ subject to ! ,p]sians2 !y 7 likewise subject to ,alex&]2 & :5 t great man1 ! mo/ excusable ( all conqu]ors1 _h1 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( 8 victori\s c>e]1 begun to raise ,alex&ria1 & make x ! c5tre ( ! comm]ce ( ! _w1 ! ,jews flock$ !re to ex]cise _! trade ( brok]s2 & !re x 0 t _! rabbis at l5g? le>n$ some?+ ( ! sci5ces ( ! ,greeks4 ,! ,greek tongue became absolutely necess>y to all trad+ ,jews4 ,aft] ,alex&]'s dea?1 ?is p cont9u$ subject 9 ,j]usalem to ! k+s ( ,syria1 & 9 ,alex&ria to ! k+s ( ,egypt2 & :5 ^! k+s 7 at w>1 ?is p always %>$ ! fate ( _! subjects1 & belong$ to ! conqu]or4 ,f ! "t ( _! captivity at ,babylon1 ! ,jews nev] _h p>ticul> gov]nors tak+ ! title ( k+4 ,! pontiffs _h ! int]nal adm9i/ration1 & ^! pontiffs 7 appo9t$ by _! ma/]s2 !y sometimes paid v high = ?is dignity1 z ! ,greek patri>* at ,con/ant9ople pays = 8 at pres5t4 ,"u ,antio*us ,epiphanes !y revolt$2 ! city 0 once m pillag$1 & ! walls demoli%$4 ,aft] a succession ( simil> disa/]s1 !y at l5g? obta9$1 = ! fir/ "t1 ab\t a hundr$ & fifty ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 p]mission to co9 money1 :i* p]mission 0 grant$ !m by ,antio*us ,sidetes4 ,!y !n _h *iefs1 :o took ! "n ( k+s1 & ev5 wore a diadem4 ,antigonus 0 ! fir/ :o 0 decorat$ ) ?is ornam5t1 :i*1 )\t ! p[]1 conf]s b little honor4 ,at t "t ! ,romans 7 beg9n+ to become =midable to ! k+s ( ,syria1 ma/]s ( ! ,jews2 & ! latt] ga9$ ov] ! ,roman s5ate by pres5ts & acts ( submission4 ,x seem$ t ! w>s 9 ,asia ,m9or w\ld1 = a "t at lea/1 give "s relief to ?is un=tunate p2 b ,j]usalem no soon] enjoy$ "s %ad[ ( lib]ty ?an x 0 torn by civil w>s1 :i* r5d]$ its condition "u its phantoms ( k+s mu* m pitiable ?an x _h ev] be5 9 s long & v>i\s a succession ( bondages4 ,9 _! inte/9e tr\bles1 !y made ! ,romans _! judges4 ,already mo/ ( ! k+doms ( ,asia ,m9or1 ,s\!rn ,africa1 & ?ree-f\r?s ( ,europe1 ackn[l$g$ ! ,romans z _! arbit]s & ma/]s4 ,pompey came into ,syria to judge ! nation & to depose sev]al petty tyrants4 ,be+ deceiv$ by ,ari/obulus1 :o disput$ ! royalty ( ,j]usalem1 he av5g$ himself ^u him & 8 p>ty4 ,he took ! city2 _h "s ( ! s$iti\s1 ei!r prie/s or ,ph>isees1 crucifi$2 & n long aft]1 condemn$ ,ari/obulus1 k+ ( ! ,jews1 to execution4 ,! ,jews1 ev] un=tunate1 ev] enslav$1 & ev] revolt+1 aga9 br\ght ^u !m ! ,roman arms4 ,crassus & ,cassius puni%$ !m2 & ,metellus ,scipio _h a son ( ,k+ ,ari/obulus1 nam$ ,alex&]1 ! au?or ( all ! tr\bles1 crucifi$4 ,"u ! great ,cs>1 !y 7 entirely subject & peaceable4 ,h]od1 fam$ among !m & among u1 = a long "t 0 m]ely tetr>*1 b obta9$ f ,antony ! cr[n ( ,juda1 = :i* he paid de>ly2 b ,j]usalem w\ld n recognize ?is new k+1 because he 0 desc5d$ f ,esau1 & n f ,jacob1 & 0 m]ely an ,iduman4 ,! v circum/ance ( 8 be+ a =eign] caus$ him to be *os5 by ! ,romans1 ! bett] to keep ?is p 9 *eck4 ,! ,romans protect$ ! k+ ( _! nom9ation ) an army2 & ,j]usalem 0 aga9 tak5 by assault1 sack$1 & pillag$4 ,h]od1 aft]w>ds protect$ by ,augu/us1 became "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful sov]eigns among ! petty k+s ( ,arabia4 ,he re/or$ ,j]usalem1 repair$ ! =tifications t surr\nd$ ! temple1 s de> to ! ,jews1 & rebuilt ! temple itself2 b he c\ld n f9i% x1 = he want$ money & workm54 ,?is proves t1 aft] all1 ,h]od 0 n ri*2 & ! ,jews1 ?\gh fond ( _! temple1 7 /ill fond] ( _! money4 ,! "n ( k+ 0 no?+ m ?an a favor grant$ by ! ,romans2 x 0 n a title ( succession4 ,soon aft] ,h]od's dea?1 ,juda 0 gov]n$ z a subord9ate ,roman prov9ce1 by ! proconsul ( ,syria1 al?\gh f "t to "t ! title ( k+ 0 grant$1 sometimes to "o ,jew1 sometimes to ano!r1 = a consid]able sum ( money1 z "u ! emp]or ,claudius1 :5 x 0 grant$ to ! ,jew ,agrippa4 ,a daught] ( ,agrippa 0 t ,b]5ice1 celebrat$ = hav+ be5 belov$ by "o ( ! be/ emp]ors ,rome c boa/4 ,%e x 0 :o1 by ! inju/ice %e exp]i5c$ f h] c\ntrym51 drew d[n ! v5geance ( ! ,romans ^u ,j]usalem4 ,%e ask$ = ju/ice1 & ! factions ( ! t[n refus$ x4 ,! s$iti\s _s ( ! p impell$ !m to fre% excesses4 ,_! "* at all times 0 to be cruel2 & _! fate1 to be puni%$4 ,?is memorable siege1 :i* end$ 9 ! de/ruction ( ! city1 0 c>ri$ on by ,vespasian & ,titus4 ,! exagg]at+ ,josephus pret5ds t 9 ?is %ort w> m ?an a million ( ,jews 7 slaught]$4 ,x is n to be wond]$ at t an au?or :o puts fifte5 ?\s& m5 9 ea* village %\ld slay a million4 ,:at rema9$ 7 expos$ 9 ! public m>kets2 & ea* ,jew 0 sold at ab\t ! same price z ! unclean animal ( :i* !y d>e n eat4 ,9 ?is la/ disp]sion !y aga9 hop$ = a deliv]]2 & "u ,adrian1 :om !y curse 9 _! pray]s1 !re arose "o ,b>co*ebas1 :o call$ himself a second ,moses--a ,%iloh--a ,*ri/4 ,hav+ assembl$ _m ( ^! wret*$ p "u 8 bann]s1 :i* !y believ$ to be sacr$1 he p]i%$ ) all 8 foll[]s4 ,x 0 ! la/ /ruggle ( ?is nation1 :i* has nev] lift$ its head aga94 ,its con/ant op9ion1 t b>r5ness is a reproa*1 has pres]v$ x2 ! ,jews h ev] consid]$ z _! two fir/ duties1 to get money & *ildr54 ,f ?is %ort summ>y x results t ! ,hebrews h ev] be5 vagrants1 or robb]s1 or slaves1 or s$iti\s4 ,!y are /ill vagabonds ^u ! e>?1 & abhorr$ by m51 yet affirm+ t heav5 & e>? & all mank9d 7 creat$ = !m alone4 ,x is evid5t1 f ! situation ( ,juda1 & ! g5ius ( ?is p1 t !y c\ld n b be cont9ually subjugat$4 ,x 0 surr\nd$ by p[]ful & w>like nations1 = :i* x _h an av]sion2 s t x c\ld nei!r be 9 alliance ) !m1 nor protect$ by !m4 ,x 0 impossible = x to ma9ta9 itself by its m>9e2 = x soon lo/ ! port :i* 9 ,solomon's "t x _h on ! ,r$ ,sea2 & ,solomon himself always employ$ ,tyrians to build & to /e] 8 vessels1 z well z to erect 8 palace & 8 temple4 ,x is !n manife/ t ! ,hebrews _h nei!r trade nor manufactures1 & t !y c\ld n compose a fl\ri%+ p4 ,!y nev] _h an army always ready = ! field1 l ! ,assyrians1 ! ,m$es1 ! ,p]sians1 ! ,syrians1 & ! ,romans4 ,! labor]s & artisans took up arms only z occasion requir$1 & consequ5tly c\ld n =m well-discipl9$ troops4 ,_! m\nta9s1 or r _! rocks1 are nei!r high en\gh1 nor suffici5tly contigu\s1 to h af=d$ an effectual b>ri] aga9/ invasion4 ,! mo/ num]\s "p ( ! nation1 transport$ to ,babylon1 ,p]sia1 & to ,india1 or settl$ 9 ,alex&ria1 7 too mu* occupi$ ) _! traffic & _! brok]age to ?9k ( w>4 ,_! civil gov]nm5t1 sometimes republican1 sometimes pontifical1 sometimes mon>*ial1 & v (t5 r$uc$ to an>*y1 seems to h be5 no bett] ?an _! milit>y discipl9e4 ,y ask1 :at 0 ! philosophy ( ! ,hebrews8 ,! answ] w be a v %ort "o--!y _h none4 ,_! legislator himself does n any:]e speak expressly ( ! immortality ( ! s\l1 nor ( ! rew>ds ( ano!r life4 ,josephus & ,philo believe ! s\l to be mat]ial2 _! doctors admitt$ corporeal angels2 & :5 !y soj\rn$ at ,babylon1 !y gave to ^! angels ! names giv5 !m by ! ,*aldans--,mi*ael1 ,gabriel1 ,raphael1 ,uriel4 ,! "n ( ,satan is ,babylonian1 & is 9 somewise ! ,arimanes ( ,zoroa/]4 ,! "n ( ,asmodeus also is ,*aldan2 & ,tobit1 :o liv$ 9 ,n9eveh1 is ! fir/ :o employ$ x4 ,! dogma ( ! immortality ( ! s\l 0 develop$ only 9 ! c\rse ( ages1 & among ! ,ph>isees4 ,! ,sadducees always d5i$ ?is spirituality1 ?is immortality1 & ! exi/5ce ( ! angels4 ,nev]!less1 ! ,sadducees communicat$ un9t]rupt$ly ) ! ,ph>isees1 & _h ev5 sov]eign pontiffs ( _! own sect4 ,! prodigi\s diff]5ce 9 op9ion betwe5 ^! two great bodies did n cause any di/urbance4 ,! ,jews1 9 ! latt] times ( _! soj\rn at ,j]usalem1 7 scrupul\sly atta*$ to no?+ b ! c]emonials ( _! law4 ,! man :o _h eat5 pudd+ or rabbit w\ld h be5 /on$2 :ile he :o d5i$ ! immortality ( ! s\l might be high-prie/4 ,x is commonly said t ! abhorr5ce 9 :i* ! ,jews held o!r nations proce$$ f _! horror ( idolatry2 b x is mu* m likely t ! mann] 9 :i* !y at ! fir/ ext]m9at$ "s ( ! tribes ( ,canaan1 & ! hatr$ :i* ! neighbor+ nations conceiv$ = !m1 7 ! cause ( ?is inv9cible av]sion4 ,z !y knew no nations b _! neighbors1 !y ?\ght t 9 abhorr+ !m !y dete/$ ! :ole e>?1 & ?us accu/om$ !mselves to be ! enemies ( all m54 ,"o pro( t ?is hatr$ 0 n caus$ by ! idolatry ( ! nations is t we f9d 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,jews t !y 7 v (t5 idolat]s4 ,solomon himself sacrific$ to /range gods4 ,aft] him1 we f9d sc>cely any k+ 9 ! little prov9ce ( ,judah t does n p]mit ! wor%ip ( ^! gods & (f] !m inc5se4 ,! prov9ce ( ,israel kept its two calves & its sacr$ groves1 or ador$ o!r div9ities4 ,?is idolatry1 ) :i* s _m nations are reproa*$1 is a subject on :i* b little light has be5 ?r[n4 ,p]haps x w\ld n be difficult to efface ?is /a9 ^u ! !ology ( ! anci5ts4 ,all poli%$ nations _h ! k ( a supreme ,god1 ! ma/] ( ! inf]ior gods & ( m54 ,! ,egyptians !mselves recogniz$ a fir/ pr9ciple1 :i* !y call$ ,knef1 & to :i* all beside 0 subord9ate4 ,! anci5t ,p]sians ador$ ! good pr9ciple1 nam$ ,orosmanes2 & 7 v f> f sacrific+ to ! bad pr9ciple1 ,arimanes1 :om !y reg>d$ ne>ly z we reg>d ! devil4 ,ev5 to ?is day1 ! ,gueb]s h reta9$ ! sacr$ dogma ( ! unity ( ,god4 ,! anci5t ,brahm9s ackn[l$g$ "o only ,supreme ,be+2 ! ,*9ese associat$ no inf]ior be+ ) ! ,div9ity1 nor _h any idol until ! times :5 ! populace 7 ,j$ a/ray by ! wor%ip ( ,fo1 & ! sup]/itions ( ! bonzes4 ,! ,greeks & ! ,romans1 not)/&+ ! multitude ( _! gods1 ackn[l$g$ 9 ,jupit] ! absolute sov]eign ( heav5 & e>?4 ,hom]1 himself 9 ! mo/ absurd poetical fictions1 has nev] lo/ sight ( ?is tru?4 ,he con/antly repres5ts ,jupit] z ! only ,almighty1 s5d+ good & evil ^u e>?1 &1 ) a motion ( 8 br[1 /rik+ gods & m5 ) awe4 ,alt>s 7 rais$1 & sacrifices (f]$ to inf]ior gods1 dep5d5t on ! "o supreme4 ,!re is n a s+le monum5t ( antiquity 9 :i* ! title ( sov]eign ( heav5 is giv5 to any second>y deity--to ,m]cury1 to ,apollo1 to ,m>s4 ,! ?und]bolt 0 ev] ! attribute ( ! ma/] ( all1 & ( him only4 ,! idea ( a sov]eign be+1 ( 8 provid5ce1 ( 8 et]nal decrees1 is to be f\nd among all philosoph]s & all poets4 ,9 %ort1 x is p]haps z unju/ to ?9k t ! anci5ts equall$ ! h]oes1 ! g5ii1 ! inf]ior gods1 to him :om !y call$ ! fa!r & ma/] ( ! gods1 z x w\ld be ridicul\s to imag9e t we associate ) ,god ! bless$ & ! angels4 ,y !n ask :e!r ! anci5t philosoph]s & law-giv]s borr[$ f ! ,jews1 or ! ,jews f !m8 ,we mu/ ref] ! "q to ,philo2 he owns t be=e ! translation ( ! ,septuag9t ! books ( 8 nation 7 unkn[n to /rang]s4 ,a great p _c h receiv$ _! laws & _! k f a little p1 obscure & enslav$4 ,9 ! "t ( ,osias1 inde$1 ! ,jews _h no books2 9 8 reign 0 accid5tally f\nd ! only copy ( ! law !n 9 exi/5ce4 ,?is p1 aft] _! captivity at ,babylon1 _h no o!r alphabet ?an ! ,*aldan2 !y 7 n fam$ = any art1 any manufacture :atsoev]2 & ev5 9 ! "t ( ,solomon !y 7 oblig$ to pay de> = =eign artisans4 ,to say t ! ,egyptians1 ! ,p]sians1 ! ,greeks1 7 in/ruct$ by ! ,jews1 7 to say t ! ,romans le>n$ ! arts f ! p ( ,brittany4 ,! ,jews nev] 7 natural philosoph]s1 nor geometricians1 nor a/ronom]s4 ,s f> 7 !y f hav+ public s*ools = ! in/ruction ( y\?1 t !y _h n ev5 a t]m 9 _! language to express su* an in/itution4 ,! p ( ,p]u & ,mexico measur$ _! ye> mu* bett] ?an ! ,jews4 ,_! /ay 9 ,babylon & 9 ,alex&ria1 dur+ :i* individuals might in/ruct !mselves1 =m$ ! p to no art save t ( usury4 ,!y nev] knew h[ to /amp money2 & :5 ,antio*us ,sidetes p]mitt$ !m to h a co9age ( _! own1 !y 7 almo/ incapable ( pr(it+ by ?is p]mission = f\r or five ye>s2 inde$1 ?is co9 is said to h be5 /ruck at ,sam>ia4 ,h5ce1 x is1 t ,jewi% m$als are s r>e1 & ne>ly all false4 ,9 %ort1 we f9d 9 !m only an ignorant & b>b>\s p1 :o h long unit$ ! mo/ sordid av>ice ) ! mo/ dete/able sup]/ition & ! mo/ inv9cible hatr$ = e p by :om !y are tol]at$ & enri*$4 ,/ill1 we ought n to burn !m4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,! ,jewi% ,law4 ,_! law mu/ appe>1 to e poli%$ p1 z s+ul> z _! conduct2 if x 7 n div9e1 x w\ld seem to be ! law ( savages beg9n+ to assemble !mselves into a nation2 & be+ div9e1 "o _c und]/& h[ x is t x has n exi/$ f all ages1 = !m1 & = all m54 ,b x is m /range ?an all t ! immortality ( ! s\l is n ev5 intimat$ 9 ?is law1 entitl$ ,vaicrah & ,addeb>im1 ,leviticus & ,deut]onomy4 ,9 ?is law x is =bidd5 to eat eels1 because !y h no scales2 & h>es1 because !y *ew ! cud1 & h clov5 feet4 ,app>5tly1 ! ,jews _h h>es diff]5t f ours4 ,! griff9 is unclean1 & f\r-foot$ birds are unclean1 :i* animals are some:at r>e4 ,:oev] t\*es a m\se1 or a mole is unclean4 ,! wom5 are =bidd5 to lie ) horses or asses4 ,! ,jewi% wom5 mu/ h be5 subject to ?is sort ( gallantry4 ,! m5 are =bidd5 to (f] up _! se$ to ,molo*2 & "h ! t]m se$ is n metaphorical4 ,x seems t x 0 cu/om>y1 9 ! des]ts ( ,arabia1 to (f] up ?is s+ul> pres5t to ! gods2 z x is said to be usual 9 ,co*9 & "s o!r c\ntries ( ,india1 = ! girls to yield _! virg9ity to an iron ,priapus 9 a temple4 ,^! two c]emonies prove t mank9d is capable ( ev]y?+4 ,! ,kaffirs1 :o deprive !mselves ( "o te/icle1 are a /ill m ridicul\s example ( ! extravagance ( sup]/ition4 ,ano!r law ( ! ,jews1 equally /range1 is _! pro( ( adult]y4 ,a woman accus$ by h] husb& mu/ be pres5t$ to ! prie/s1 & %e is made to dr9k ( ! wat]s ( jeal\sy1 mix$ ) worm-wood & du/4 ,if %e is innoc5t1 ! wat] makes h] m beautiful2 if %e is guilty1 h] eyes />t f h] head1 h] belly swells1 & %e bur/s be=e ! ,"l4 ,we %all n "h ent] into ! details ( all ^! sacrifices1 :i* 7 no?+ m ?an ! op]ations ( c]emonial but*]s2 b x ( great importance to rem>k ano!r k9d ( sacrifice too common 9 ^? b>b>\s times4 ,x is expressly ord]$1 9 ! tw5ty-sev5? *apt] ( ,leviticus1 t all m51 v[$ 9 ana!ma to ! ,"l1 be immolat$2 !y %all surely be put to dea?2 su* are ! words ( ! text4 ,"h is ! orig9 ( ! /ory ( ,jeph?ah1 :e!r 8 daught] 0 really immolat$1 or ! /ory 0 copi$ f t ( ,iphig5ia4 ,"h1 too1 is ! s\rce ( ! v[ made by ,saul1 :o w\ld h immolat$ 8 son1 b t ! army1 less sup]/iti\s ?an himself1 sav$ ! innoc5t "y man's life4 ,x is !n b too true t ! ,jews1 accord+ to _! law1 sacrific$ human victims4 ,?is act ( religion is 9 accordance ) _! mann]s2 _! own books repres5t !m z slaught]+ )\t m]cy all t came 9 _! way1 res]v+ only ! virg9s = _! use4 ,x w\ld be v difficult--& %\ld be v unimportant--to "k at :at "t ^! laws 7 dige/$ into ! =m 9 :i* we n[ h !m4 ,t !y are ( v high antiquity is en\gh to in=m u h[ gross & f]oci\s ! mann]s ( t antiquity 74 ,,section ,,iii4 ,! ,disp]sion ( ! ,jews4 ,x has be5 pret5d$ t ! disp]sion ( ?is p _h be5 =etold1 z a puni%m5t = _! refus+ to ackn[l$ge ,jesus ,*ri/ z ! ,messiah2 ! ass]t]s affect+ to =get t !y _h be5 disp]s$ ?r\gh\t ! kn[n _w long be=e ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! books t are left u ( ?is s+ul> nation make no m5tion ( a return ( ! twelve tribes transport$ beyond ! ,euphrates by ,tigla?-,piles] & 8 successor ,%almanes]2 & x 0 six hundr$ ye>s aft]1 t ,cyrus s5t back to ,j]usalem ! tribes ( ,judah & ,b5jam91 :i* ,nebu*odonosor _h br\ght away into ! prov9ces ( 8 empire4 ,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les c]tify t fifty-?ree days aft] ! dea? ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 !re 7 ,jews f e nation "u heav5 assembl$ = ! fea/ ( ,p5teco/4 ,/4 ,james writes to ! twelve disp]s$ tribes2 & ,josephus & ,philo speak ( ! ,jews z v num]\s ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/4 ,x is true t1 consid]+ ! c>nage t 0 made ( !m "u "s ( ! ,roman emp]ors1 & ! slaught] ( !m s (t5 repeat$ 9 e ,*ri/ian /ate1 "o is a/oni%$ t ?is p n only /ill exi/s1 b is at ?is day no less num]\s ?an x 0 =m]ly4 ,_! numb]s mu/ be attribut$ to _! exemption f be>+ arms1 _! ardor = m>riage1 _! cu/om ( contract+ x 9 _! families e>ly1 _! law ( divorce1 _! sob] & regul> way ( life1 _! ab/95ce1 _! toil1 & _! ex]cise4 ,_! firm atta*m5t to ! ,mosaic law is no less rem>kable1 especially :5 we consid] _! frequ5t apo/asies :5 !y liv$ "u ! gov]nm5t ( _! k+s & _! judges2 & ,judaism is n[1 ( all ! religions 9 ! _w1 ! "o mo/ r>ely abjur$--:i* is p>tly ! fruit ( ! p]secutions x has suff]$4 ,its foll[]s1 p]petual m>tyrs to _! cre$1 h reg>d$ !mselves ) progressively increas+ confid5ce1 z ! f\nta9 ( all sanctity2 look+ ^u u z no o!r ?an rebelli\s ,jews1 :o h abjur$ ! law ( ,god1 & put to dea? or torture ^? :o receiv$ x f ,8 h&4 ,inde$1 if :ile ,j]usalem & its temple exi/$1 ! ,jews 7 sometimes driv5 f _! c\ntry by ! vicissitudes ( empires1 !y h /ill m frequ5tly be5 expell$ ?r\gh a bl9d zeal f e c\ntry 9 :i* !y h dwelt s9ce ! progress ( ,*ri/ianity & ,mahometanism4 ,!y !mselves comp>e _! religion to a "m1 ^u :om h] two daught]s1 ! ,*ri/ian & ! ,mahometan1 h inflict$ a ?\s& w\nds4 ,b1 h[ ill soev] %e has be5 treat$ by !m1 %e /ill glories 9 hav+ giv5 !m bir?4 ,%e makes use ( !m bo? to embrace ! :ole _w1 :ile h] own v5]able age embraces all "t4 ,x is s+ul> t ! ,*ri/ians pret5d to h accompli%$ ! prophecies by tyranniz+ ov] ! ,jews1 by :om !y 7 transmitt$4 ,we h already se5 h[ ! ,inquisition bani%$ ! ,jews f ,spa94 ,oblig$ to w&] f l& to l&1 f sea to sea1 to ga9 a livelihood2 ev]y:]e decl>$ incapable ( possess+ any l&$ prop]ty1 or hold+ any (fice1 !y h be5 oblig$ to disp]se1 & roam f place to place1 unable to e/abli% !mselves p]man5tly 9 any c\ntry1 = want ( support1 ( p[] to ma9ta9 _! gr\nd1 & ( k 9 ! art ( w>4 ,trade1 a pr(ession long despis$ by mo/ ( ! nations ( ,europe1 01 9 ^? b>b>\s ages1 _! only res\rce2 & z !y necess>ily grew ri* by x1 !y 7 treat$ z infam\s usur]s4 ,k+s :o c\ld n ransack ! purses ( _! subjects1 put ! ,jews1 :om !y reg>d$ n z citiz5s1 to torture4 ,:at 0 done to !m 9 ,engl& may give "s idea ( :at !y exp]i5c$ 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,k+ ,john1 be+ 9 want ( money1 _h ! ri* ,jews 9 8 k+dom imprison$4 ,"o ( !m1 hav+ _h sev5 ( 8 tee? drawn "o aft] ano!r1 to obta9 8 prop]ty1 gave1 on los+ ! eigh?1 a ?\s& m>ks ( silv]4 ,h5ry ,,iii4 extort$ f ,a>on1 a ,jew ( ,york1 f\rte5 ?\s& m>ks ( silv]1 & t5 ?\s& = 8 que54 ,he sold ! re/ ( ! ,jews ( 8 c\ntry to 8 bro!r ,ri*>d1 = ! t]m ( "o ye>1 9 ord]1 says ,mat!w ,p>is1 t ?is c\nt might disemb[el ^? :om 8 bro!r _h flay$4 ,9 ,france !y 7 put 9 prison1 plund]$1 sold1 accus$ ( magic1 ( sacrific+ *ildr51 ( poison+ ! f\nta9s4 ,!y 7 driv5 out ( ! k+dom2 !y 7 suff]$ to return = money2 & ev5 :ile !y 7 tol]at$1 !y 7 di/+ui%$ f ! re/ ( ! inhabitants by m>ks ( infamy4 ,&1 by an inconceivable :imsicality1 :ile 9 o!r c\ntries ! ,jews 7 burn$ to make !m embrace ,*ri/ianity1 9 ,france ! prop]ty ( su* z became ,*ri/ians 0 confiscat$4 ,*>les ,,iv41 by an edict giv5 at ,basville1 ,april #d1 #acib1 abrogat$ ?is tyrannical cu/om1 :i*1 accord+ to ! ,b5$ict9e ,mabillon1 _h be5 introduc$ = two reasons3 ,fir/1 to try ! fai? ( ^! new conv]ts1 z x 0 b too common = ^? ( ?is nation to feign submission to ! gospel = "s p]sonal int]e/1 )\t int]nally *ang+ _! belief4 ,secondly1 because z !y _h d]iv$ _! weal? *iefly f usury1 ! purity ( ,*ri/ian morals appe>$ to require !m to make a g5]al re/itution1 :i* 0 effect$ by confiscation4 ,b ! true reason ( ?is cu/om1 :i* ! au?or ( ! ,_s ( ,laws has s well develop$1 0 a sort ( droit d'amortissem5t--a r$emption = ! sov]eign1 or ! seigneurs1 ( ! taxes :i* !y levi$ on ! ,jews1 z mortma9able s]fs1 :om !y succe$$2 = !y 7 depriv$ ( ?is b5efit :5 ! latt] 7 conv]t$ to ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,at l5g?1 be+ incessantly proscrib$ 9 e c\ntry1 !y +5i\sly f\nd ! means ( sav+ _! =tunes & mak+ _! retreats =ev] secure4 ,be+ driv5 f ,france "u ,philip ! ,long1 9 #acah1 !y took refuge 9 ,lomb>dy2 !re !y gave to ! m]*ants bills ( ex*ange on ^? to :om !y _h entru/$ _! effects at _! dep>ture1 & ^! 7 dis*>g$4 ,! admirable inv5tion ( bills ( ex*ange sprang f ! extremity ( despair2 & !n1 & n until !n1 comm]ce 0 enabl$ to elude ! ef=ts ( viol5ce1 & to ma9ta9 itself ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,,section ,,iv4 ,9 ,answ] to ,"s ,objections4 ,lett]s to ,joseph1 ,b51 ,jona?an1 ,a>on1 ,ma?atai1 & ,david ,w9ck]4 ,,fir/ ,,lett]4 ,g5tlem53 ,:51 =ty-f\r ye>s ago1 y\r c\ntryman ,m$9a became a bankrupt 9 ,london1 be+ tw5ty ?\s& francs 9 my debt1 he told me t x 0 n 8 fault2 t he 0 un=tunate2 t he _h nev] be5 "o ( ! *ildr5 ( ,belial2 t he _h always endeavor$ to live z a son ( ,god--t is1 z an hone/ man1 a good ,israelite4 ,i 0 affect$2 ,i embrac$ him2 we jo9$ 9 ! praise ( ,god2 & ,i lo/ eighty p] c5t4 ,y ought to "k t ,i nev] hat$ y\r nation2 ,i hate no "o2 n ev5 ,frron4 ,f> f hat+1 ,i h always piti$ y4 ,if1 l my protector1 good ,pope ,lamb]t9i1 ,i h sometimes bant]$ a little1 ,i am n !re=e ! less s5sitive4 ,i wept1 at ! age ( sixte51 :5 ,i 0 told t a "m & h] daught] _h be5 burn$ at ,lisbon = hav+ eat51 /&+1 a little lamb1 cook$ ) lettuce1 on ! f\rte5? day ( ! r$ moon2 & ,i c assure y t ! extreme beauty t ?is girl 0 report$ to h possess$1 _h no %>e 9 call+ =? my te>s1 al?\gh x mu/ h increas$ ! spectators' horror = ! assass9s1 & _! pity = ! victim4 ,i "k n h[ x ent]$ my head to write an epic poem at ! age ( tw5ty4 7,d y "k :at an epic poem is8 ,= my "p ,i knew no?+ ( ! matt]47 ,! legislator ,montesquieu _h n yet writt5 8 ,p]sian ,lett]s1 :i* y reproa* me ) hav+ comm5t$ on2 b ,i _h already ( myself said1 speak+ ( a mon/] well kn[n to y\r ance/ors1 & :i* ev5 n[ is n )\t devotees3 ,il vi5t2 le fanatisme e/ son horrible nom2 ,enfant dnatur de la religion2 ,arm p\r la df5dre1 il *]*e la dtruire1 ,et reu dans son se91 l'embrasse et le d*ire1 ,c'e/ lui qui dans ,raba1 sur les bords de l',arnon ,guidait les desc5dans du malheureux ,ammon1 ,qu& ,molo* leur dieu des mres gmissantes ,(frai5t de leurs enfans les entrailles fumantes4 ,il dicta de ,jepht le s]m5t inhuma92 ,dans le cur de sa fille il conduisait sa ma94 ,c'e/ lui qui1 de ,cal*as ouvrant la b\*e impie ,dem&a p> sa voix la mort d',iphignie4 ,france1 dans tes =ts il habita long-temps1 l'affreux ,t5tats il (frit ton enc5s4 ,tu n'a po9t oubli ces sacres homicides1 ,qu' tes indignes dieux prs5tai5t tes druides4 ,du haut du capitole il criait aux ,paens4 ,frappez1 ext]m9ez1 d*irez les *rti5s4 ,mais lorsqu'au fils de ,dieu ,rome enf91 fut s\mise1 ,du capitole en c5dre il passa dans l',eglise2 ,et dans les curs *rti5s inspirant ses fureurs1 ,de m>tyrs qu'ils tai5t les fit p]scuteurs4 ,dans ,londres il a =m la secte turbul5te ,qui sur un roi trop faible a mis sa ma9 sanglante2 ,dans ,madrid1 dans ,lisbonne1 il allume ces feux1 ,ces bu*]s sol5nels o des ,juifs malheureux ,sont t\s les ans en pompe envoys p> des prtres1 ,p\r n'avoir po9t quitt la foi de leurs anctres4 ,he comes2 ! fi5d ,fanaticism comes-- ,religion's horrid & unnatural *ild-- ,arm$ to def5d h]1 arm+ to de/roy-- ,te>+ h] bosom 9 8 feign$ embrace4 ',twas he :o guid$ ,amnion's wret*$ race ,on ,anion's banks1 :]e mo!rs (f]$ up ,_! *ildr5's mangl$ limbs on ,molo*'s alt>s4 ',twas he :o prompt$ ,jeph?ah's b>b>\s oa?1 ,& aim$ ! poni>d at 8 daught]'s he>t4 ',twas he :o spoke1 :5 ,cal*as' impi\s tongue ,call$ = ! blameless ,iphig5ia's dea?4 ,france1 he long revell$ 9 ?y =e/ %ades1 ,(f]+ ?y inc5se to ! grim ,t5ttes1 ,:ett+ ! savage ,druid's murd]\s knife ,to sate 8 wor?less gods ) human gore4 ,he1 f ! ,capitol1 /irr$ ,pagan he>ts ,to ext]m9ate ,*ri/'s foll[]s2 & he1 ,:5 ,rome h]self _h b[$ to ,*ri/ian tru?1 ,quitt$ ! ,capitol to rule ! *ur*-- ,to reign supreme 9 e ,*ri/ian s\l1 ,& make ! ,pagans m>tyrs 9 _! turn4 ,8 7 9 ,engl& ! fi]ce sect :o laid ,_! bloody h&s on a too feeble k+4 ,8 are ,madrid's & ,lisbon's horrid fires1 ,! ye>ly portion ( unhappy ,jews1 ,by prie/ly judges doom$ to temporal flames ,= ?9k+ _! =efa!rs' fai? ! be/4 ,y cle>ly see1 !n1 t ev5 s long ago ,i 0 y\r s]vant1 y\r fri5d1 y\r bro!r2 al?\gh my fa!r & "m _h pres]v$ to me my =e-sk94 ,i am aw>e t virility1 :e!r circumcis$ or uncircumcis$1 has caus$ v fatal qu>rels4 ,i "k :at x co/ ,priam's son ,p>is1 & ,agamemnon's bro!r ,m5elaus4 ,i h read en\gh ( y\r books to "k t ,hamor's son ,si*em ravi%$ ,leah's daught] ,d9ah1 :o at mo/ 0 n m ?an five ye>s old1 b 0 v =w>d = h] age4 ,he want$ to make h] 8 wife2 & ,jacob's sons1 bro!rs ( ! violat$ damsel1 gave h] to him 9 m>riage on condition t he & all 8 p %\ld be circumcis$4 ,:5 ! op]ation 0 p]=m$1 & all ! ,si*emites1 or ,se*emites1 7 ly+-9 ( ! pa9s consequ5t !reupon1 ! holy patri>*s ,simeon & ,levi cut all _! ?roats "o aft] ano!r4 ,b1 aft] all1 ,i d n believe t uncircumcision ought n[ to produce su* abom9able horrors2 & especially ,i d n ?9k t m5 %\ld hate1 dete/1 ana!matize1 & damn "o ano!r e ,saturday & ,sunday1 on acc\nt ( a morsel m or less ( fle%4 ,if ,i h said t "s ( ! circumcis$ h clipp$ money at ,metz1 at ,frank=t on ! ,od]1 & at ,w>saw 7:i* ,i d n rememb]7 ,i ask _! p>don2 =1 be+ almo/ at ! end ( my pilgrimage1 ,i h no wi% to embroil myself ) ,israel4 ,i h ! honor to be 7z !y say71 ,y\rs1 etc4 ,,second ,,lett]4 ,antiquity ( ! ,jews4 ,g5tlem53 ,i h ev] agre$1 hav+ read a few hi/orical books = amusem5t1 t y are a v anci5t p1 & y\r orig9 may be dat$ mu* f>!r back ?an t ( ! ,teutones1 ! ,celts1 ! ,slavonians1 ! ,angles1 & ,hurons4 ,i see y assembl+ z a p 9 a capital call$1 sometimes ,h]%alam1 sometimes ,%aheb1 on ! hill ,moriah1 & on ! hill ,sion1 ne> a des]t1 on a /ony soil1 by a small torr5t :i* is dry six mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,:5 y began to-e/abli% y\rselves 9 y\r corn]1 ,i w n say ( l&1 b ( pebbles1 ,troy _h be5 de/roy$ by ! ,greeks ab\t two c5turies4 ,m$on 0 ar*on ( ,a!ns4 ,e*e/ratus 0 reign+ 9 ,lac$mon4 ,lat9us ,sylvius 0 reign+ 9 ,latium2 & ,oso*or 9 ,egypt4 ,! ,indies _h be5 fl\ri%+ = a long succession ( ages4 ,?is 0 ! mo/ illu/ri\s p]iod ( ,*9ese hi/ory4 ,! emp]or ,t*9-wang 0 reign+ ) glory ov] t va/ empire2 all ! sci5ces 7 !re cultivat$2 & ! public annals in=m u t ! k+ ( ,co*9 ,*9a1 be+ come to pay 8 respects to ?is emp]or1 ,t*9-wang1 receiv$ f him a pres5t ( a m>9]'s compass4 ,?is compass might h be5 ( great s]vice to y\r ,solomon1 = 8 fleets t w5t to ! f9e c\ntry ( ,ophir1 :i* no "o has ev] kn[n any?+ ab\t4 ,?us1 aft] ! ,*aldans1 ! ,syrians1 ! ,p]sians1 ! ,pho5icians1 ! ,egyptians1 ! ,greeks1 ! ,indians1 ! ,*9ese1 ! ,lat9s1 & ! ,etruscans1 y are ! fir/ p ^u e>? :o _h any kn[n =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,! ,banians1 ! ,gueb]s1 & y\rselves1 are ! only nations :i*1 disp]s$ out ( _! own c\ntry1 h pres]v$ _! anci5t rites2 if ,i make no acc\nt ( ! little ,egyptian troops1 call$ ,z+>i 9 ,italy1 ,gypsies 9 ,engl&1 & ,bohemians 9 ,france1 :i* _h pres]v$ ! antique c]emonies ( ! wor%ip ( ,isis1 ! si/rum1 ! cymbals1 ! dance ( ,isis1 ! prophesy+1 & ! art ( robb+ h5-roo/s4 ,^! sacr$ troops are beg9n+ to disappe> f ! face ( ! e>?2 :ile _! pyramids /ill belong to ! ,turks1 :o p]haps w n always be ma/]s ( !m--! figure ( all ?+s on ?is e>? do? s pass away4 ,y say1 t y h be5 settl$ 9 ,spa9 ev] s9ce ! days ( ,solomon3 ,i believe x1 & w ev5 v5ture to ?9k t ! ,phnicians might h c>ri$ "s ,jews ?i!r long be=e1 :5 y 7 slaves 9 ,phnicia1 aft] ! horrid massacres :i* y say 7 committ$ by ! robb] ,jo%ua1 & by t o!r robb] ,caleb4 ,y\r books inde$ say1 t y 7 r$uc$ to slav]y "u ,*u%an-,ra%ataim1 k+ ( ,mesopotamia1 = eight ye>s2 "u ,eglon1 k+ ( ,moab1 = eighte5 ye>s2 !n "u ,jab91 k+ ( ,canaan1 = tw5ty ye>s2 !n 9 ! little canton ( ,midian1 f :i* y _h issu$1 & :]e y dwelt 9 cav]ns1 = sev5 ye>s2 !n 9 ,gilead1 = eighte5 ye>s--not)/&+ t ,jair1 y\r pr9ce1 _h ?irty sons1 ea* m\nt$ on a f9e ass--!n "u ! ,phnicians 7call$ by y ,phili/9es71 = =ty ye>s--until at la/ ! ,"l ,adonai s5t ,samson1 :o ti$ ?ree hundr$ foxes1 "o to ano!r by ! tails1 & slew a ?\s& ,phili/9es ) ! jaw-bone ( an ass1 f :i* issu$ a f\nta9 ( cle> wat]2 :i* has be5 v well repres5t$ at ! ,comdie ,itali5ne4 ,"h are1 by y\r own confession1 n9ety-six ye>s ( captivity 9 ! l& ( promise4 ,n[ x is v probable t ! ,syrians1 :o 7 ! factors = all nations1 & navigat$ z f> z ! great ocean1 b\ght "s ,jewi% slaves1 & took !m to ,cadiz1 :i* !y f\nd$4 ,y see t y are mu* m anci5t ?an y ?9k4 ,x is inde$ v likely t y inhabit$ ,spa9 sev]al c5turies be=e ! ,romans1 ! ,go?s1 ! ,v&als1 & ! ,moors4 ,i am n only y\r fri5d1 y\r bro!r1 b moreov] y\r g5ealogi/4 ,i beg1 g5tlem51 t y w h ! goodness to believe1 t ,i nev] h believ$1 ,i d n believe1 & ,i nev] w believe1 t y are desc5d$ f ^? highway robb]s ^: e>s & noses 7 cut (f by ord] ( ,k+ ,actisanes1 & :om1 accord+ to ,diodorus ( ,sicily1 he s5t into ! des]t betwe5 ,lake ,sirbo & ,m\nt ,s9ai--a frightful des]t :]e wat] & e o!r necess>y ( life are want+4 ,!y made nets to cat* quails1 :i* f$ !m = a few weeks1 dur+ ! passage ( ! birds4 ,"s ( ! le>n$ h pret5d$ t ?is orig9 p]fectly agrees ) y\r hi/ory4 ,y y\rselves say1 t y inhabit$ ?is des]t1 t !re y want$ wat]1 & liv$ on quails1 :i* 9 reality ab\nd !re4 ,y\r acc\nts appe> 9 ! ma9 to confirm t ( ,diodorus2 b ,i believe only ! ,p5tateu*4 ,! au?or does n say t y _h y\r e>s & noses cut (f4 ,z f> z ,i rememb]1 7= ,i h n ,diodorus at h&71 y lo/ only y\r noses4 ,i d n n[ recollect :]e ,i read t y\r e>s 7 ( ! p>ty2 x might be 9 "s fragm5ts ( ,mane?o1 cit$ by ,/4 ,ephraem4 ,9 va9 does ! secret>y1 :o has done me ! honor ( writ+ to me 9 y\r "n1 assure me t y /ole to ! am\nt ( upw>ds ( n9e millions 9 gold1 co9$ or c>v$1 to g & set up y\r tab]nacle 9 ! des]t4 ,i ma9ta91 t y c>ri$ (f no?+ b :at lawfully belong$ to y1 reckon+ int]e/ at =ty p] c5t41 :i* 0 ! lawful rate4 ,be ?is z x may1 ,i c]tify t y are ( v good nobility1 & t y 7 lords ( ,h]%alam long be=e ! h\ses ( ,suabia1 ,anhalt1 ,saxony1 & ,bav>ia 7 he>d (4 ,x may be t ! negroes ( ,angola1 & ^? ( ,gu9ea1 are mu* m anci5t ?an y1 & t !y ador$ a beautiful s]p5t be=e ! ,egyptians knew _! ,isis1 & y dwelt ne> ,lake ,sirbo2 b ! negroes h n yet communicat$ _! books to u4 ,,?ird ,,lett]4 ,on a few ,crosses :i* befell ,god's ,p4 ,f> f accus+ y1 g5tlem51 ,i h always reg>d$ y ) compassion4 ,p]mit me "h to rem9d y ( :at ,i h read 9 ! prelim9>y disc\rse to ! ,essay on ! ,_s & ,mann]s ( ,nations1 & on g5]al hi/ory4 ,"h we f9d1 t two hundr$ & ?irty-n9e ?\s& & tw5ty ,jews 7 slaught]$ by "o ano!r1 f ! wor%ipp+ ( ! gold5 calf to ! tak+ ( ! ark by ! ,phili/9es--:i* co/ fifty ?\s& & sev5ty ,jews _! lives1 = hav+ d>$ to look ^u ! ark1 :ile ^? :o _h s insol5tly tak5 x 9 w>1 7 acquitt$ ) only ! piles1 & a f9e ( five gold5 mice1 & five gold5 anuses4 ,y w n d5y t ! slaught] ( two hundr$ & ?irty-n9e ?\s& & tw5ty m51 by y\r fell[-c\ntrym51 )\t reckon+ ^? :om y lo/ 9 alt]nate w> & slav]y1 mu/ h be5 v detrim5tal to a ris+ colony4 ,h[ %\ld ,i d o!rwise ?an pity y8 see+ t t5 ( y\r tribes 7 absolutely annihilat$1 or p]haps r$uc$ to two hundr$ families1 :i*1 x is said1 are to be f\nd 9 ,*9a & ,t>t>y4 ,z = ! two o!r tribes1 ,i ne$ n tell y :at has happ5$ to !m4 ,suff] !n my compassion1 & d n impute to me ill-w4 ,,f\r? ,,lett]4 ,! ,/ory ( ,micah4 ,be n displeas$ at my ask+ f y "s elucidation ( a s+ul> passage 9 y\r hi/ory1 ) :i* ! ladies ( ,p>is & p ( fa%ion are b slightly acqua9t$4 ,y\r ,moses _h n be5 dead q ?irty-eight ye>s :5 ! "m ( ,micah1 ( ! tribe ( ,b5jam91 lo/ elev5 hundr$ %ekels1 :i* are said to be equival5t to ab\t six hundr$ livres ( our money4 ,h] son return$ !m to h]2 ! text does n in=m u t he _h n /ol5 !m4 ,! good ,jewess imm$iately _h !m made into idols1 &1 accord+ to cu/om1 built !m a little movable *apel4 ,a ,levite ( ,be?lehem (f]$ himself to p]=m ! s]vice = t5 francs p] annum1 two tunics1 & 8 victuals4 ,a tribe 7aft]w>ds call$ ! tribe ( ,dan7 se>*+ t neighborhood = some?+ to plund]1 pass$ ne> ,micah's h\se4 ,! m5 ( ,dan1 kn[+ t ,micah's "m _h 9 h] h\se a prie/1 a se]1 a div9]1 a rho1 inquir$ ( him if _! excursion w\ld be lucky--if !y %\ld f9d a good booty4 ,! ,levite promis$ !m complete success4 ,!y began by robb+ ,micah's *apel1 & took f h] ev5 h] ,levite4 ,9 va9 did ,micah & 8 "m cry out3 ,y are c>ry+ away my gods6 ,y are /eal+ my prie/6 ,! robb]s sil5c$ !m1 & w5t1 ?r\gh devotion1 to put to fire & sword ! little t[n ( ,dan1 ^: "n ?is tribe adopt$4 ,^! freeboot]s 7 v grateful to ,micah's gods1 :i* _h done !m su* good s]vice1 & plac$ !m 9 a new tab]nacle4 ,! cr[d ( devotees increas+1 a new prie/ 0 want$1 & "o pres5t$ himself4 ,^? :o are n conv]sant ) y\r hi/ory w nev] div9e :o ?is *apla9 03 b1 g5tlem51 y "k t x 0 ,moses' own gr&son1 "o ,jona?an1 son ( ,g]%om1 son ( ,moses & ,je?ro's daught]4 ,y w agree ) me1 t ! family ( ,moses 0 r a s+ul> "o4 ,8 bro!r1 at ! age ( "o hundr$1 ca/ a gold5 calf & wor%ipp$ x2 & 8 gr&son turn$ *apla9 to ! idols = money4 ,does n ?is prove t y\r religion 0 n yet =m$1 & t y 7 a long "t grop+ 9 ! d>k be=e y became p]fect ,israelites z y n[ are8 ,to my "q y answ]1 t our ,simon ,pet] ,b>jonas did z mu*2 t he comm5c$ 8 apo/le%ip ) d5y+ 8 ma/]4 ,i h no?+ to reply1 except x be1 t we mu/ always di/ru/ ourselves2 & s great is my own self-di/ru/1 t ,i conclude my lett] ) assur+ y ( my utmo/ indulg5ce1 & reque/+ y\rs4 ,,fif? ,,lett]4 ,jewi% ,assass9ations4 ,7 ! ,jews ,cannibals8 ,_h _! ,mo!rs ,comm]ce ) ,goats8 ,did _! ,fa!rs & ,mo!rs ,immolate _! ,*ildr58 ,) a few o!r f9e ,actions ( ,god's ,p4 ,g5tlem51--,i h be5 some:at unc\rte\s to y\r secret>y4 ,x is aga9/ ! rules ( polit5ess to scold a s]vant 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 ma/]2 b self-important ignorance is revolt+ 9 a ,*ri/ian :o makes himself ! s]vant ( a ,jew4 ,i address myself directly to y1 t ,i may h no?+ m to d ) y\r liv]y4 ,jewi% ,calamities & ,great ,assass9ations4 ,p]mit me1 9 ! fir/ place1 to lam5t ov] all y\r calamities2 =1 besides ! two hundr$ & ?irty-n9e ?\s& & tw5ty ,israelites kill$ by ord] ( ! ,"l1 ,i f9d t ,jeph?ah's daught] 0 immolat$ by h] fa!r4 ,turn :i* way y please--twixt ! text z y w--dispute z y l aga9/ ! fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*2 /ill he did to h] z he _h v[$2 & he _h v[$ to cut 8 daught]'s ?roat 9 ?anksgiv+ to ,god4 ,an excell5t ?anksgiv+6 ,yes1 y h immolat$ human victims to ! ,"l2 b be consol$2 ,i h (t5 told y t our ,celts & all nations h done s =m]ly4 ,:at says ,m4 de ,b\ga9ville1 :o has return$ f ! isl& ( ,otaheite--t isl& ( ,cy!rea1 ^: inhabitants1 peaceful1 mild1 humane1 & hospitable1 (f] to ! travell] all t !y possess--! mo/ delici\s ( fruits--! mo/ beautiful & mo/ oblig+ ( wom58 ,he tells u t ^! p h _! juggl]s2 & t ^! juggl]s =ce !m to sacrifice _! *ildr5 to apes1 :i* !y call _! gods4 ,i f9d t sev5ty bro!rs ( ,abimele* 7 put to dea? on ! same /one by ?is ,abimele*1 ! son ( ,gideon & a pro/itute4 ,?is son ( ,gideon 0 a bad k9sman1 & ?is ,gideon1 ! fri5d ( ,god1 0 v debau*$4 ,y\r ,levite go+ on 8 ass to ,gibeah--! ,gibeonites want+ to violate him--8 poor wife violat$ 9 8 /ead1 & dy+ 9 consequ5ce--! civil w> t ensu$--all y\r tribe ( ,b5jam9 ext]m9at$1 sav+ only six hundr$ m5--give me inexpressible pa94 ,y lo/1 all at once1 five f9e t[ns :i* ! ,"l de/9$ = y1 at ! end ( ! lake ( ,sodom2 & t = an inconceivable attempt ^u ! mode/y ( two angels4 ,really1 ?is is mu* worse ?an :at y\r mo!rs are accus$ ( ) ! goats4 ,h[ %\ld ,i h o!r ?an ! greate/ pity = y1 :5 ,i f9d murd] & be/iality e/abli%$ aga9/ y\r ance/ors1 :o are our fir/ spiritual fa!rs1 & our ne> k9sm5 accord+ to ! fle%8 ,= aft] all1 if y are desc5d$ f ,%em1 we are desc5d$ f ,japhet4 ,we are !re=e evid5tly c\s9s4 ,mel*im1 or ,petty ,k+s ( ! ,jews4 ,y\r ,samuel _h good reason = n wi%+ y to h k+s2 = ne>ly all y\r k+s 7 assass9s1 beg9n+ ) ,david1 :o assass9at$ ,mephibo%e?1 son ( ,jona?an1 8 t5d] fri5d1 :om he lov$ ) a love-great] ?an t ( woman2 :o assass9at$ ,uriah1 ! husb& ( ,ba?%eba2 :o assass9at$ ev5 ! infants at ! brea/ 9 ! villages 9 alliance ) 8 protector ,a*i%2 :o on 8 dea?-b$ comm&$ ! assass9ation ( 8 g5]al ,joab & 8 c\nsel ,%imei--beg9n+1 ,i say1 ) ?is ,david1 & ) ,solomon1 :o assass9at$ 8 own bro!r ,adonijah1 cl++ 9 va9 to ! alt>1 & end+ ) ,h]od ! ,great1 :o assass9at$ 8 bro!r-9-law1 8 wife1 & all 8 k9dr$1 includ+ ev5 8 *ildr54 ,i say no?+ ( ! f\rte5 ?\s& little boys :om y\r petty k+1 ?is mighty ,h]od1 _h slaught]$ 9 ! village ( ,be?lehem4 ,!y are1 z y "k1 buri$ at ,cologne ) our elev5 ?\s& virg9s2 & "o ( ^! infants is /ill to be se5 entire4 ,y d n believe ?is au!ntic /ory1 because x is n 9 y\r canon1 & y\r ,flavius ,josephus makes no m5tion ( x4 ,i say no?+ ( ! elev5 hundr$ ?\s& m5 kill$ 9 ! t[n ( ,j]usalem alone1 dur+ its siege by ,titus4 ,9 good fai?1 ! *]i%$ nation is a v unlucky "o4 ,did ! ,jews ,eat ,human ,fle%8 ,among y\r calamities1 :i* h s (t5 made me %udd]1 ,i h always reckon$ y\r mis=tune 9 hav+ eat5 human fle%4 ,y say t ?is happ5$ only on great occasions2 t x 0 n y :om ! ,"l invit$ to ,8 table to eat ! horse & ! horseman1 & t only ! birds 7 ! gue/s4 ,i am will+ to believe x4 ,7 ! ,jewi% ,ladies ,intimate ) ,goats8 ,y ass]t t y\r mo!rs _h no comm]ce ) he-goats1 nor y\r fa!rs ) %e-goats4 ,b pray1 g5tlem51 :y are y ! only p ^u e>? ^: laws h =bidd5 su* comm]ce8 ,w\ld any legislator ev] h ?\ght ( promulgat+ ?is extraord9>y law if ! (f5ce _h n be5 common8 ,did ! ,jews ,immolate ,human ,victims8 ,y v5ture to affirm t y h nev] immolat$ human victims to ! ,"l4 ,:at1 !n1 0 ! murd] ( ,jeph?ah's daught]1 :o 0 really immolat$1 z we h already %[n f y\r own books8 ,h[ w y expla9 ! ana!ma ( ! ?irty-two virg9s1 t 7 ! tribute ( ! ,"l1 :5 y took ?irty-two ?\s& ,midianiti% virg9s & sixty-"o ?\s& asses8 ,i w n "h tell y1 t accord+ to ?is acc\nt !re 7 n two asses = ea* virg92 b ,i w ask y1 :at 0 ?is tribute = ! ,"l8 ,accord+ to y\r ,book ( ,numb]s1 !re 7 sixte5 ?\s& girls = y\r soldi]s1 sixte5 ?\s& = y\r prie/s1 & on ! soldi]s' %>e !re 0 levi$ a tribute ( ?irty-two virg9s = ! ,"l4 ,:at became ( !m8 ,y _h no nuns4 ,:at 0 ! ,"l's %>e 9 all y\r w>s1 if x 0 n blood8 ,did n ! prie/ ,samuel hack 9 pieces ,k+ ,agag1 ^: life ,k+ ,saul _h sav$8 ,did he n sacrifice him z ! ,"l's %>e8 ,ei!r r5\nce y\r sacr$ books1 9 :i*1 accord+ to ! decision ( ! *ur*1 ,i firmly believe1 or ackn[l$ge t y\r =efa!rs (f]$ up to ,god riv]s ( human blood1 unp>allel$ by any p on e>?4 ,! ,?irty-two ,?\s& ,virg9s1 ! ,sev5ty-five ,?\s& ,ox51 & ! ,fruitful ,des]t ( ,midian4 ,let y\r secret>y no long] evade--no long] equivocate1 respect+ ! c>nage ( ! ,midianites & _! villages4 ,i feel great conc]n t y\r but*]-prie/ ,eleaz>1 g5]al ( ! ,jewi% armies1 %\ld h f\nd 9 t little mis]able & des]t c\ntry1 sev5ty-five ?\s& ox51 sixty-"o ?\s& asses1 & six hundr$ & sev5ty-five ?\s& %eep1 )\t reckon+ ! rams & ! lambs4 ,n[ if y took ?irty-two ?\s& infant girls1 x is likely t !re 7 z _m infant boys1 & z _m fa!rs & mo!rs4 ,^! unit$ am\nt to a hundr$ & tw5ty-eight ?\s& captives1 9 a des]t :]e !re is no?+ to eat1 no?+ to dr9k b bracki% wat]1 & :i* is inhabit$ by "s w&]+ ,arabs1 to ! numb] ( two or ?ree ?\s& at mo/4 ,y w besides obs]ve1 t1 on all ! maps1 ?is frightful c\ntry is n m ?an eight leagues long1 & z _m broad4 ,b 7 x z l>ge1 z f]tile1 & z popul\s z ,norm&y or ! ,milanese1 no matt]4 ,i hold to ! text1 :i* says1 ! ,"l's %>e 0 ?irty-two maid5s4 ,conf\nd z y please ,midian by ! ,r$ ,sea ) ,midian by ,sodom2 ,i %all /ill dem& an acc\nt ( my ?irty-two ?\s& virg9s4 ,h y employ$ y\r secret>y to calculate h[ _m ox5 & maid5s ! f9e c\ntry ( ,midian is capable ( fe$+8 ,g5tlem51 ,i inhabit a canton :i* is n ! ,l& ( ,promise2 b we h a lake mu* f9] ?an t ( ,sodom1 & our soil is mod]ately productive4 ,y\r secret>y tells me t an acre ( ,midian w fe$ ?ree ox53 ,i assure y1 g5tlem51 t ) u an acre w fe$ b "o4 ,if y\r secret>y w triple ! rev5ue ( my l&s1 ,i w give him good wages1 & w n pay him ) drafts on ! receiv]s-g5]al4 ,he w n f9d a bett] situation 9 all ! c\ntry ( ,midian ?an ) me2 b un=tunately ?is man kn[s no m ( ox5 ?an he does ( gold5 calves4 ,z = ! ?irty-two ?\s& maid5heads1 ,i wi% him joy ( !m4 ,our little c\ntry is z l>ge z ,midian4 ,x conta9s ab\t f\r ?\s& drunk>ds1 a doz5 attorneys1 two m5 ( s5se1 & f\r ?\s& p]sons ( ! fair sex1 :o are n uni=mly pretty4 ,^! toge!r make ab\t eight ?\s& p1 suppos+ t ! regi/r> :o gave me ! acc\nt did n exagg]ate by "o-half1 accord+ to cu/om4 ,ei!r y\r prie/s or ours w\ld h _h consid]able difficulty 9 f9d+ ?irty-two ?\s& virg9s = _! use 9 our c\ntry4 ,?is makes me v d\btful conc]n+ ! numb]+s ( ! ,roman p1 at ! "t :5 _! empire ext5d$ j f\r leagues f ! ,t>peian rock1 & !y c>ri$ a h&ful ( hay at ! end ( a pole = a /&>d4 ,p]haps y d n "k t ! ,romans pass$ five hundr$ ye>s 9 plund]+ _! neighbors be=e !y _h any hi/orian1 & t _! numb]+s1 l _! miracles1 are v suspici\s4 ,z = ! sixty-"o ?\s& asses1 ! fruits ( y\r conque/s 9 ,midian--en\gh has be5 said ( asses4 ,jewi% ,*ildr5 ,immolat$ by _! ,mo!rs4 ,i tell y1 t y\r fa!rs immolat$ _! *ildr52 & ,i call y\r prophets to witness4 ,isaiah reproa*es !m ) ?is cannibali% crime3 ,slay+ ! *ildr5 ( ! valleys "u ! clefts ( ! rocks4 ,y w tell me1 t x 0 n to ! ,"l ,adonai t ! wom5 sacrific$ ! fruit ( _! womb--t x 0 to "s o!r god4 ,b :at matt]s x :e!r y call$ him to :om y (f]$ up y\r *ildr5 ,melkom1 or ,sada1 or ,baal1 or ,adonai8 ,t :i* x conc]ns u to "k is1 t y 7 p>ricides4 ,x 0 to /range idols1 y say1 t y\r fa!rs made _! (f]+s4 ,well1--,i pity y /ill m = be+ desc5d$ f fa!rs at once bo? p>ricidal & idolatr\s4 ,i condole ) y1 t y\r fa!rs 7 idolat]s = =ty successive ye>s 9 ! des]t ( ,s9ai1 z is expressly said by ,j]emiah1 ,amos1 & ,/4 ,/eph54 ,y 7 idolat]s 9 ! "t ( ! ,judges2 & ! gr&son ( ,moses 0 prie/ ( ! tribe ( ,dan1 :o1 z we h se51 7 all idolat]s2 = x is necess>y to repeat--to insi/2 o!rwise ev]y?+ is =gott54 ,y 7 idolat]s "u y\r k+s2 y 7 n fai?ful to "o ,god only1 until aft] ,esdras _h re/or$ y\r books4 ,!n x 0 t y\r un9t]rupt$ly true wor%ip began2 & by an incompreh5sible provid5ce ( ! ,supreme ,be+1 y h be5 ! mo/ un=tunate ( all m5 ev] s9ce y became ! mo/ fai?ful--"u ! k+s ( ,syria1 "u ! k+s ( ,egypt1 "u ,h]od ! ,iduman1 "u ! ,romans1 "u ! ,p]sians1 "u ! ,arabs1 "u ! ,turks--until n[1 t y d me ! honor ( writ+ to me1 & ,i h ! honor ( answ]+ y4 ,,six? ,,lett]4 ,beauty ( ! ,l& ( ,promise4 ,d n reproa* me ) n lov+ y4 ,i love y s mu* t ,i wi% y 7 9 ,h]%alam1 in/ead ( ! ,turks1 :o ravage y\r c\ntry2 b :o1 nev]!less1 h built a v f9e mosque on ! f\ndations ( y\r temple1 & on ! plat=m con/ruct$ by y\r ,h]od4 ,y w\ld cultivate t mis]able des]t1 z y cultivat$ x =m]ly2 y w\ld c>ry e>? to ! b>e tops ( y\r arid m\nta9s2 y w\ld n h mu* corn1 b y w\ld h v good v9es1 a few palms1 olive trees1 & pa/ures4 ,?\gh ,pale/9e does n equal ,prov5ce1 ?\gh ,m>seilles alone is sup]ior to all ,juda1 :i* _h n "o sea-port2 ?\gh ! t[n ( ,aix is incomp>ably bett] situat$ ?an ,j]usalem1 y might nev]!less make ( y\r t]ritory almo/ z mu* z ! ,prov5cals h made ( !irs4 ,y might execute1 to y\r he>ts' cont5t1 y\r own dete/able psalmody 9 y\r own dete/able j>gon4 ,x is true1 t y w\ld h no horses2 = !re are n1 nor h !re ev] be51 ab\t ,h]%alam1 any b asses4 ,y w\ld (t5 be 9 want ( :eat1 b y w\ld obta9 x f ,egypt or ,syria4 ,y might convey m]*&ise to ,damascus & to ,said on y\r asses--or inde$ on camels--:i* y nev] knew any?+ ( 9 ! "t ( y\r ,mel*im1 & :i* w\ld be a great assi/ance to y4 ,9 %ort1 assidu\s toil1 to :i* man is born1 w\ld f]tilize ?is l&1 :i* ! lords ( ,con/ant9ople & ,asia ,m9or neglect4 ,?is promis$ l& ( y\rs is v bad4 ,are y acqua9t$ ) ,/4 ,j]ome8 ,he 0 a ,*ri/ian prie/1 "o ( ^? m5 ^: books y d n read4 ,h[ev]1 he liv$ a long "t 9 y\r c\ntry2 he 0 a v le>n$ p]son--n inde$ sl[ to ang]1 = :5 contradict$ he 0 prodigal ( abuse--b kn[+ y\r language bett] ?an y d1 = he 0 a good gramm>ian4 ,/udy 0 8 rul+ passion2 ang] 0 only second to x4 ,he _h turn$ prie/1 toge!r ) 8 fri5d ,v9c5t1 on condition t !y %\ld nev] say mass nor vesp]s1 le/ !y %\ld be too mu* int]rupt$ 9 _! /udies2 = be+ directors ( wom5 & girls1 _h !y be5 moreov] oblig$ to labor 9 ! prie/ly (fice1 !y w\ld n h _h two h\rs 9 ! day left = ,greek1 ,*aldee1 & ! ,jewi% idiom4 ,at la/1 9 ord] to h m leisure1 ,j]ome retir$ altoge!r1 to live among ! ,jews at ,be?lehem1 z ,huet1 bi%op ( ,avran*es1 retir$ to ! ,jesuits1 at ! h\se ( ! pr(ess$1 ,rue ,/4 ,anto9e1 at ,p>is4 ,j]ome did1 x is true1 embroil himself ) ! bi%op ( ,j]usalem1 nam$ ,john1 ) ! celebrat$ prie/ ,ruf9us1 & ) sev]al ( 8 fri5ds2 =1 z ,i h already said1 ,j]ome 0 full ( *ol] & self-love1 & ,/4 ,augu/9e *>ges him ) levity & fickl5ess3 b he 0 n ! less holy1 he 0 n ! less le>n$1 nor is 8 te/imony ! less to be receiv$1 conc]n+ ! nature ( ! wret*$ c\ntry 9 :i* 8 ardor = /udy & 8 melan*oly conf9$ him4 ,be s oblig+ z to read 8 lett] to ,d>danus1 writt5 9 ! ye> #dad ( our era1 :i*1 accord+ to ! ,jewi% reckon+1 is ! ye> ( ! _w #djjj1 or #djja1 or #djjc1 or #djjd1 z y please4 ,i beg ( ^? :o ass]t t ! ,jewi% p1 aft] ! com+ out ( ,egypt1 took possession ( ?is c\ntry1 :i* to u1 by ! passion & resurrection ( our ,savi\r1 has become truly a l& ( promise--,i beg ( !m1 ,i say1 to %[ u :at ?is p possess$4 ,_! :ole dom9ions ext5d$ only f ,dan to ,be]%eba1 ab\t "o hundr$ & sixty miles 9 l5g?4 ,! ,holy ,scriptures give no m to ,david & to ,solomon4444 ,i am a%am$ to say :at is ! bread? ( ! l& ( promise1 & ,i fe> t ! pagans w !nce take occasion to blaspheme4 ,x is b =ty-six miles f ,joppa to our little t[n ( ,be?lehem1 beyond :i* all is a frightful des]t4 ,read also ! lett] to "o ( 8 devotees1 9 :i* he says1 t f ,j]usalem to ,be?lehem !re is no?+ b pebbles1 & no wat] to dr9k2 b t f>!r on1 t[>ds ! ,jordan1 y f9d v good valleys 9 t c\ntry full ( b>e m\nta9s4 ,?is really 0 a l& ( milk & honey1 9 comp>ison ) ! abom9able des]t ( ,horeb & ,s9ai1 f :i* y orig9ally came4 ,! sorry prov9ce ( ,*ampagne is ! l& ( promise1 9 relation to "s p>ts ( ! ,l&es ( ,bordeaux--! banks ( ! ,a> are ! l& ( promise1 :5 comp>$ ) ! little ,swiss cantons2 all ,pale/9e is v bad l&1 9 comp>ison ) ,egypt1 :i* y say y came out ( z ?ieves2 b x is a delightful c\ntry1 if y comp>e x ) ! des]ts ( ,j]usalem1 ,sodom1 ,horeb1 ,s9ai1 ,kade%1 etc4 ,g back to ,juda z soon z y c4 ,i ask ( y only two or ?ree ,hebrew families1 9 ord] to e/abli% a little necess>y trade at ,m\nt ,krapak1 :]e ,i reside4 ,=1 if y are 7l u7 v ridicul\s !ologians1 y are v intellig5t buy]s & sell]s1 :i* we are n4 ,,sev5? ,,lett]4 ,*>ity :i* ,god's ,p & ! ,*ri/ians %\ld ent]ta9 = ea* o!r4 ,my t5d]ness = y has only a few words m to say4 ,we h be5 accu/om$ = ages to hang y up betwe5 two dogs2 we h repeat$ly driv5 y away ?r\gh av>ice2 we h recall$ y ?r\gh av>ice & /upidity2 we /ill1 9 m t[ns ?an "o1 make y pay = lib]ty to brea! ! air3 we h1 9 m k+doms ?an "o1 sacrific$ y to ,god2 we h burn$ y z holocau/s--= ,i w n foll[ y\r example1 & dissemble t we h (f]$ up sacrifices ( human blood2 all ! diff]5ce is1 t our prie/s1 cont5t ) apply+ y\r money to _! own use1 h _h y burn$ by laym52 :ile y\r prie/s always immolat$ ! human victims ) _! own sacr$ h&s4 ,y 7 mon/]s ( cruelty & fanaticism 9 ,pale/9e2 we h be5 s 9 ,europe3 my fri5ds1 let all ?is be =gott54 ,w\ld y live 9 peace8 ,imitate ! ,banians & ! ,gueb]s4 ,!y are mu* m anci5t ?an y are2 !y are disp]s$ l y2 !y are1 l y1 )\t a c\ntry4 ,! ,gueb]s1 9 p>ticul>1 :o are ! anci5t ,p]sians1 are slaves l y1 aft] be+ = a long :ile ma/]s4 ,!y say n a ^w4 ,foll[ _! example4 ,y are calculat+ animals--try to be ?9k+ ones4 ,,job4 ,good day1 fri5d ,job6 ?\ art "o ( ! mo/ anci5t orig9als ( :i* books make m5tion2 ?\ wa/ n a ,jew2 we "k t ! book :i* be>s ?y "n is m anci5t ?an ! ,p5tateu*4 ,if ! ,hebrews1 :o translat$ x f ! ,arabic1 made use ( ! ^w ,jehovah to signify ,god1 !y borr[$ x f ! ,pho5icians & ,egyptians1 ( :i* m5 ( le>n+ are assur$4 ,! ^w ,satan 0 n ,hebrew2 x 0 ,*aldan1 z is well kn[n4 ,?\ dwell$/ on ! conf9es ( ,*alda4 ,comm5tators1 wor?y ( _! pr(ession1 pret5d t ?\ did/ believe 9 ! resurrection1 because1 be+ pro/rate on ?y dunghill1 ?\ ha/ said1 9 ?y n9ete5? *apt]1 t ?\ w\ld/ "o day rise up f x4 ,a pati5t :o wi%es 8 cure is n anxi\s = resurrection 9 lieu ( x2 b ,i w\ld speak to !e ( o!r ?+s4 ,confess t ?\ wa/ a great babbl]2 b ?y fri5ds 7 mu* great]4 ,x is said t ?\ possess$/ sev5 ?\s& %eep1 ?ree ?\s& camels1 "o ?\s& c[s1 & five hundr$ %e-asses4 ,i w reckon up _! value3 ,,livres ,sev5 ?\s& %eep1 at ?ree livres t5 s\s apiece #bb1ejj ,?ree ?\s& camels at fifty cr[ns apiece #dej1jjj ,a ?\s& c[s1 "o ) ! o!r1 _c be valu$ at less ?an #hj1jjj ,& five hundr$ %e-asses1 at tw5ty francs an ass #aj1jjj ,! :ole am\nts to #efb1ejj )\t reckon+ ?y furniture1 r+s & jewels4 ,i h be5 mu* ri*] ?an ?\2 & ?\gh ,i h lo/ a great "p ( my prop]ty & am ill1 l ?yself ,i h n murmur$ aga9/ ,god1 z ?y fri5ds seem to reproa* !e ) sometimes do+4 ,i am n at all pleas$ ) ,satan1 :o1 to induce !e to s91 & to make !e =get ,god1 dem&$ p]mission to take away all ?y prop]ty1 & to give !e ! it*4 ,x is 9 ?is /ate t m5 always h rec\rse to div9ity4 ,!y are prosp]\s p :o =got ,god4 ,satan knew n en\gh ( ! _w at t "t2 he has improv$ himself s9ce2 & :5 he w\ld be sure ( any "o1 he makes him a f>m]-g5]al1 or some?+ bett] if possible1 z our fri5d ,pope has cle>ly %[n 9 8 hi/ory ( ! knight ,sir ,balaam4 ,?y wife 0 an imp]t95t1 b ?y pret5d$ fri5ds ,eliphaz ! ,temanite1 ,bildad ! ,%uite1 & ,zoph>1 ! ,naama?ite1 7 mu* m insupportable4 ,!y exhort$ !e to pati5ce 9 a mann] t w\ld h r\s$ ! milde/ ( m52 !y made !e long s]mons m tiresome ?an ^? prea*$ by ! knave ,v----e at ,am/]dam1 & by s _m o!r p4 ,x is true t ?\ did/ n "k :at ?\ said/1 :5 exclaim+--,my ,god1 am ,i a sea or a :ale1 to be %ut up by ,!e z 9 a prison8 ,b ?y fri5ds knew no m :5 !y answ]$ !e1 t ! morn _c become fre% )\t dew1 & t ! grass ( ! field _c gr[ )\t wat]4 ,no?+ is less consolatory ?an ?is axiom4 ,zoph> ( ,naama? reproa*$ !e ) be+ a prat]2 b none ( ^! good fri5ds l5t !e a cr[n4 ,i w\ld n h treat$ !e ?us4 ,no?+ is m common ?an p :o advise2 no?+ m r>e ?an ^? :o assi/4 ,fri5ds are n wor? mu*1 f :om we _c procure a drop ( bro? if we are 9 mis]y4 ,i imag9e t :5 ,god re/or$ ?y ri*es & heal?1 ^! eloqu5t p]sonages d>$ n pres5t !mselves be=e !e1 h5ce ! com=t]s ( ,job h become a prov]b4 ,god 0 displeas$ ) !m1 & told !m %>ply1 9 *ap1 xlii41 t !y 7 tiresome & imprud5t1 & he condemn$ !m to a f9e ( sev5 bullocks & sev5 rams1 = hav+ talk$ nons5se4 ,i w\ld h condemn$ !m = n hav+ assi/$ _! fri5d4 ,i pray !e1 tell me if x is true1 t ?\ liv$/ a hundr$ & =ty ye>s aft] ?is adv5ture4 ,i l to le>n t hone/ p live long2 b m5 ( ! pres5t day mu/ be great rogues1 s9ce _! lives are comp>atively s %ort4 ,z to ! re/1 ! book ( ,job is "o ( ! mo/ preci\s ( antiquity4 ,x is evid5t t ?is book is ! "w ( an ,arab :o liv$ be=e ! "t 9 :i* we place ,moses4 ,x is said t ,eliphaz1 "o ( ! int]locutors1 is ( ,teman1 :i* 0 an anci5t city ( ,arabia4 ,bildad 0 ( ,%ua1 ano!r t[n ( ,arabia4 ,zoph> 0 ( ,naama?1 a /ill m ea/]n c\ntry ( ,arabia4 ,b :at is m rem>kable1 & :i* %[s t ?is fable _c be t ( a ,jew1 is1 t ?ree con/ellations are spok5 (1 :i* we n[ call ,arcturus1 ,orion1 & ! ,pleiades4 ,! ,hebrews nev] _h ! lea/ k ( a/ronomy2 !y _h n ev5 a ^w to express ?is sci5ce2 all t reg>ds ! m5tal sci5ce 0 unkn[n to !m1 inclusive ev5 ( ! t]m geometry4 ,! ,arabs1 on ! contr>y1 liv+ 9 t5ts1 & be+ cont9ually l$ to obs]ve ! />s1 7 p]haps ! fir/ :o regulat$ _! ye>s by ! inspection ( ! heav5s4 ,! m important obs]vation is1 t "o ,god alone is spok5 ( 9 ?is book4 ,x is an absurd error to imag9e t ! ,jews 7 ! only p :o recogniz$ a sole ,god2 x 0 ! doctr9e ( almo/ all ! ,ea/1 & ! ,jews 7 only plagi>i/s 9 t z 9 ev]y?+ else4 ,9 *apt] xxxviii4 ,god ,himself speaks to ,job f ! mid/ ( a :irlw9d1 :i* has be5 s9ce imitat$ 9 ,g5esis4 ,we _c too (t5 repeat1 t ! ,jewi% books are v mod]n4 ,ignorance & fanaticism exclaim1 t ! ,p5tateu* is ! mo/ anci5t book 9 ! _w4 ,x is evid5t1 t ^? ( ,san*onia?on1 & ^? ( ,?aut1 eight hundr$ ye>s ant]ior to ^? ( ,san*onia?on2 ^? ( ! fir/ ,z]du%t1 ! ,%a/a1 ! ,v$as ( ! ,indians1 :i* we /ill possess2 ! ,five ,k+s ( ,*9a2 & f9ally ! ,book ( ,job1 are ( a mu* remot] antiquity ?an any ,jewi% book4 ,x is demon/rat$ t ?is little p c\ld only h annals :ile !y _h a /able gov]nm5t2 t !y only _h ?is gov]nm5t "u _! k+s2 t its j>gon 0 only =m$1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 ( a mixture ( ,phnician & ,arabic4 ,^! are inconte/able pro(s t ! ,phnicians cultivat$ lett]s a long "t be=e !m4 ,_! pr(ession 0 pillage & brok]age2 !y 7 writ]s only by *ance4 ,we h lo/ ! books ( ! ,egyptians & ,phnicians1 ! ,*9ese1 ,brahm9s1 & ,gueb]s2 ! ,jews h pres]v$ !irs4 ,all ^! monum5ts are curi\s1 b !y are monum5ts ( human imag9ation alone1 9 :i* n a s+le tru?1 ei!r physical or hi/orical1 is to be le>n$4 ,!re is n at pres5t any little physical treatise t w\ld n be m useful ?an all ! books ( antiquity4 ,! good ,calmet1 or ,dom ,calmet 7= ! ,b5$ict9es l u to give !m _! ,dom71 t simple compil] ( s _m rev]ies & imbecilities2 t man :om simplicity has r5d]$ s useful to :oev] w\ld laugh at antique nons5se1 fai?fully relates ! op9ion ( ^? :o w\ld discov] ! malady ) :i* ,job 0 attack$1 z if ,job 0 a real p]sonage4 ,he does n hesitate 9 say+ t ,job _h ! smallpox1 & heaps passage ^u passage1 z usual1 to prove t :i* is n4 ,he _h n read ! hi/ory ( ! smallpox by ,a/ruc2 = ,a/ruc be+ nei!r a fa!r ( ! ,*ur* nor a doctor ( ,salamanca1 b a v le>n$ physician1 ! good man ,calmet knew n t he exi/$4 ,monki% compil]s are poor creatures6 ,,by ,,an ,,invalid1 ,at ! ,ba?s ( ,aix-la-,*apelle4