,a ,,philosophical ,,diction>y ,,volume ,v ,by ,,voltaire ,,edition ,,de ,,la ,,pacification ,,! ,,works ,,( ,,voltaire ,a ,,contempor>y ,,v]sion ,) ,notes by ,tobias ,smollett1 ,revis$ & ,mod]niz$ ,new ,translations by ,william ,f4 ,flem+1 & an ,introduction by ,oliv] ,h4,g4 ,leigh ,a ,,critique ,,& ,,biography ,,by ,,! ,,rt4 ,,hon4 ,,john ,,morley ,,=ty-,,?ree ,,volumes ,"o hundr$ & sixty-eight designs1 compris+ reproductions ( r>e old engrav+s1 /eel plates1 photogravures1 & curi\s fac-similes ,,volume ,,ix ,e4,r4 ,du,m,o,n,t ,,p>is--,,london--,,new ,,york--,,*icago #aija ,! ,,works ( ,,voltaire ,betwe5 two s]vants ( ,humanity1 :o appe>$ eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ap>t1 !re is a my/]i\s relation4 99 99 99 99 ,let u say x ) a s5tim5t ( pr(\nd respect3 ,,jesus ,,wept3 ,,voltaire ,,smil$4 ,( t div9e te> & ( t human smile is compos$ ! sweetness ( ! pres5t civilization4 ,,victor ,,hugo4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,plates--,,vol4 ,v ,,sans ,,s\ci ,frontispiece ,a ,,l& ,,/orm ,,! ,,temptation ,,( ,,adam ,,desc>tes ,illu/ration3 ,,sans ,,s\ci 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,philosophical ,,diction>y4 ,,9 ,,t5 ,,volumes ,vol4 ,v ,,fanaticism--,,gregory ,,vii 99 99 99 99 99 ,,fanaticism4 ,,section ,i4 ,fanaticism is ! effect ( a false consci5ce1 :i* makes religion subs]vi5t to ! caprices ( ! imag9ation1 & ! excesses ( ! passions4 ,x arises1 9 g5]al1 f legislators ent]ta9+ too n>r[ views1 or f _! ext5d+ _! regulations beyond ! limits )9 :i* alone !y 7 int5d$ to op]ate4 ,_! laws are made m]ely = a select society4 ,:5 ext5d$ by zeal to a :ole p1 & transf]r$ by ambition f "o climate to ano!r1 "s *anges ( in/itution %\ld take place1 "s accommodation to p]sons1 places1 & circum/ances4 ,b :at1 9 fact1 has be5 ! case8 ,c]ta9 m9ds1 con/itut$ 9 a great degree l ^? ( ! small orig9al flock1 h receiv$ a sy/em ) equal ardor1 & become its apo/les1 & ev5 its m>tyrs1 r ?an abate a s+le iota ( its dem&s4 ,o!rs1 on ! contr>y1 less ard5t1 or m atta*$ to _! prejudices ( education1 h /ruggl$ ) en]gy aga9/ ! new yoke1 & cons5t$ to receive x only aft] consid]able s(t5+s & mitigations3 h5ce ! s*ism betwe5 rigori/s & mod]ates1 by :i* all are urg$ on to vehem5ce & madness--! "o p>ty = s]vitude & ! o!r = fre$om4 ,let u imag9e an imm5se rotunda1 a pan!on1 ) innum]able alt>s plac$ "u its dome4 ,let u figure to ourselves a devotee ( e sect1 :e!r at pres5t exi/+ or ext9ct1 at ! feet ( t div9ity :i* he wor%ips 9 8 own peculi> way1 "u all ! extravagant =ms :i* human imag9ation has be5 able to inv5t4 ,on ! "r we p]ceive "o /ret*$ on 8 back ^u a mat1 absorb$ 9 contemplation1 & await+ ! mom5t :5 ! div9e light %all come =? to in=m 8 s\l4 ,on ! left is a pro/rate en]gum5 /rik+ 8 =ehead aga9/ ! gr\nd1 ) a view to obta9 f x an abundant produce4 ,"h we see a man ) ! air & mann] ( a m\ntebank1 danc+ ov] ! grave ( him :om he invokes4 ,!re we obs]ve a p5it5t1 motionless & mute z ! /atue be=e :i* he has b5t himself 9 humiliation4 ,"o1 on ! pr9ciple t ,god w n blu% at 8 own resemblance1 displays op5ly :at mode/y univ]sally conceals2 ano!r1 z if ! arti/ w\ld %udd] at ! sight ( 8 own "w1 cov]s ) an imp5etrable veil 8 :ole p]son & c\nt5ance2 ano!r turns 8 back ^u ! s\?1 because f t qu>t] bl[s ! devil's tempe/4 ,ano!r /ret*es out 8 arms t[>ds ! ea/1 because !re ,god fir/ %[s ,8 radiant face4 ,"y wom51 suffus$ ) te>s1 bruise & ga% _! lovely p]sons "u ! idea ( assuag+ ! demon ( desire1 al?\gh by means t5d+ 9 fact r to /r5g!n 8 influ5ce2 o!rs aga91 9 opposite attitudes1 solicit ! approa*es ( ! ,div9ity4 ,"o "y man1 9 ord] to mortify ! mo/ urg5t ( 8 feel+s1 atta*es to p>ticul> p>ts ( 8 frame l>ge iron r+s1 z heavy z he c be>2 ano!r *ecks /ill m effectually ! tempt]'s viol5ce by inhuman amputation1 & susp5ds ! ble$+ sacrifice ^u ! alt>4 ,let u obs]ve !m quit ! temple1 &1 full ( ! inspiration ( _! respective deities1 spread ! t]ror & delusion ov] ! face ( ! e>?4 ,!y divide ! _w betwe5 !m2 & ! f\r extremities ( x are almo/ in/antly 9 flames3 nations obey !m1 & k+s tremble be=e !m4 ,t almo/ despotic p[] :i* ! en?usiasm ( a s+le p]son ex]cises ov] a multitude :o see or he> him2 ! ardor communicat$ to ea* o!r by assembl$ m9ds2 numb]less /rong & agitat+ influ5ces act+ 9 su* circum/ances1 augm5t$ by ea* individual's p]sonal anxiety & di/ress1 require b a %ort "t to op]ate1 9 ord] to produce univ]sal delirium4 ,only let a s+le p be ?us fasc9at$ & agitat$ "u ! guidance ( a few impo/ors1 ! s$uction w spread ) ! spe$ ( wild-fire1 prodigies w be multipli$ beyond calculation1 & :ole communities be l$ a/ray =ev]4 ,:5 ! human m9d has once quitt$ ! lum9\s track po9t$ out by nature1 x returns to x no m2 x w&]s r\nd ! tru?1 b nev] obta9s ( x m ?an a few fa9t glimm]+s1 :i*1 m+l+ ) ! false lights ( surr\nd+ sup]/ition1 leave x1 9 fact1 9 complete & palpable obscurity4 ,x is dreadful to obs]ve h[ ! op9ion t ! wra? ( heav5 might be appeas$ by human massacre spread1 aft] be+ once />t$1 ?r\gh almo/ e religion2 & :at v>i\s reasons h be5 giv5 = ! sacrifice1 z ?\gh1 9 ord] to preclude1 if possible1 ! escape ( any "o f extirpation4 ,sometimes !y are enemies :o mu/ be immolat$ to ,m>s ! ext]m9ator4 ,! ,scy?ians slay ^u ! alt>s ( ?is deity a hundr$? "p ( _! prison]s ( w>2 & f ?is usage att5d+ victory1 we may =m "s judgm5t ( ! ju/ice ( w>3 accord+ly1 among o!r nations x 0 engag$ 9 solely to supply ^! human sacrifices1 s t1 hav+ fir/ be5 in/itut$1 z x w\ld seem1 to expiate ! horrors ( w>1 !y at l5g? came to s]ve z a ju/ification ( !m4 ,sometimes a b>b>\s deity requires victims f among ! j & good4 ,! ,get eag]ly dispute ! honor ( p]sonally convey+ to ,zamolxis ! v[s & devotions ( _! c\ntry4 ,he ^: good =tune has de/9$ him to be ! sacrifice is ?r[n ) ! greate/ viol5ce ^u a range ( spe>s1 fix$ = ! purpose4 ,if on fall+ he receives a mortal w\nd1 x augurs well z to ! success ( ! negotiation & ! m]it ( ! envoy2 b if he survives ! w\nd1 he is a wret* ) :om ! god w\ld n condesc5d to hold any communication4 ,sometimes *ildr5 are dem&$1 & ! respective div9ities recall ! life !y _h b j imp>t$3 ,ju/ice1 says ,montaigne1 ?ir/+ = ! blood ( innoc5ce6 ,sometimes ! call is = ! de>e/ & ne>e/ blood3 ! ,c>?ag9ians sacrific$ _! own sons to ,saturn1 z if ,"t did n dev\r !m ) suffici5t spe$4 ,sometimes ! dem& 0 = ! blood ( ! mo/ beautiful4 ,t ,ame/ris1 :o _h buri$ twelve m5 alive 9 ord] to obta9 f ,pluto1 9 return = s revolt+ an (f]+1 a some:at long] life--t same ,ame/ris fur!r sacrifices to t insatiable div9ity twelve daught]s ( ! highe/ p]sonages 9 ,p]sia2 z ! sacrific+ prie/s h always taught m5 t !y ought to (f] on ! alt> ! mo/ valuable ( _! possessions4 ,x is ^u ?is pr9ciple t among "s nations ! fir/-born 7 immolat$1 & t among o!rs !y 7 r$eem$ by (f]+s m valuable to ! m9i/]s ( sacrifice4 ,?is x is1 unque/ionably1 :i* introduc$ into ,europe ! practice preval5t = c5turies ( devot+ *ildr5 to celibacy at ! e>ly age ( five ye>s1 & %utt+ up 9 a cloi/] ! bro!rs ( an h]$it>y pr9ce1 j z 9 ,asia ! practice is to murd] !m4 ,sometimes x is ! pure/ blood t is dem&$4 ,we read ( c]ta9 ,indians1 if ,i recollect rightly1 :o hospitably ent]ta9 all :o visit !m & make a m]it ( kill+ e s5sible & virtu\s /rang] :o ent]s _! c\ntry1 t 8 tal5ts & virtues may rema9 ) !m4 ,sometimes ! blood requir$ is t :i* is mo/ sacr$4 ,) ! majority ( idolat]s1 prie/s p]=m ! (fice ( execution] at ! alt>2 & among ! ,sib]ians1 x is ! practice to kill ! prie/s 9 ord] to despat* !m to pray 9 ! o!r _w = ! fulfilm5t ( ! wi%es ( ! p4 ,b let u turn our att5tion to o!r fr5zies & o!r spectacles4 ,all ,europe passes into ,asia by a road inundat$ ) ! blood ( ,jews1 :o commit suicide to avoid fall+ into ! h&s ( _! enemies4 ,?is epidemic depopulates "o-half ( ! inhabit$ _w3 k+s1 pontiffs1 wom51 ! "y & ! ag$1 all yield to ! influ5ce ( ! holy madness :i*1 = a s]ies ( two hundr$ ye>s1 in/igat$ ! slaught] ( innum]able nations at ! tomb ( a god ( peace4 ,!n 7 to be se5 ly+ oracles1 & milit>y h]mits1 mon>*s 9 pulpits1 & prelates 9 camps4 ,all ! diff]5t /ates con/itute "o deliri\s populace2 b>ri]s ( m\nta9s & seas are surm\nt$2 legitimate possessions are ab&on$ to enable _! own]s to fly to conque/s :i* 7 no long]1 9 po9t ( f]tility1 ! l& ( promise2 mann]s become corrupt$ "u =eign skies2 pr9ces1 aft] hav+ exhau/$ _! respective k+doms to r$eem a c\ntry :i* _h nev] be5 !irs1 complete ! ru9 ( !m = _! p]sonal ransom2 ?\s&s ( soldi]s1 w&]+ "u ! bann]s ( _m *iefta9s1 ackn[l$ge ! au?ority ( none & ha/5 _! defeat by _! des]tion2 & ! disease t]m9ates only to be succe$$ by a contagion /ill m horrible & desolat+4 ,! same _s ( fanaticism *]i%$ ! rage = di/ant conque/s3 sc>cely _h ,europe repair$ its losses :5 ! discov]y ( a new _w ha/5$ ! ru9 ( our own4 ,at t t]rible injunction1 ,g & conqu]1 ,am]ica 0 desolat$ & its inhabitants ext]m9at$2 ,africa & ,europe 7 exhau/$ 9 va9 to repeople x2 ! poison ( money & ( pleasure hav+ en]vat$ ! species1 ! _w became ne>ly a des]t & appe>$ likely e day to advance ne>] to desolation by ! cont9ual w>s :i* 7 k9dl$ on our cont95t1 f ! ambition ( ext5d+ its p[] to =eign l&s4 ,let u n[ compute ! imm5se numb] ( slaves :i* fanaticism has made1 :e!r 9 ,asia1 :]e uncircumcision 0 a m>k ( infamy1 or 9 ,africa1 :]e ! ,*ri/ian "n 0 a crime1 or 9 ,am]ica1 :]e ! pretext ( baptism absolutely ext+ui%$ ! feel+s ( humanity4 ,let u compute ! ?\s&s :o h be5 se5 to p]i% ei!r on scaffolds 9 ! ages ( p]secution1 or 9 civil w>s by ! h&s ( _! fell[ citiz5s1 or by _! own h&s ?r\gh excessive au/]ities1 & mac]ation4 ,let u survey ! surface ( ! e>?1 & glance at ! v>i\s /&>ds unfurl$ & blaz+ 9 ! "n ( religion2 9 ,spa9 aga9/ ! ,moors1 9 ,france aga9/ ! ,turks1 9 ,hung>y aga9/ ! ,t>t>s2 at ! num]\s milit>y ord]s1 f\nd$ = conv]t+ infidels by ! po9t ( ! sword1 & slaught]+ "o ano!r at ! foot ( ! alt> !y _h come to def5d4 ,let u !n look d[n f ! appall+ tribunal ?us rais$ on ! bodies ( ! innoc5t & mis]able1 9 ord] to judge ! liv+1 z ,god1 ) a balance widely diff]5t1 w judge ! dead4 ,9 a ^w1 let u contemplate ! horrors ( fifte5 c5turies1 all frequ5tly r5ew$ 9 ! c\rse ( a s+le "o2 un>m$ m5 sla9 at ! feet ( alt>s2 k+s de/roy$ by ! dagg] or by poison2 a l>ge /ate r$uc$ to half its ext5t by ! fury ( its own citiz5s2 ! nation at once ! mo/ w>like & ! mo/ pacific on ! face ( ! globe1 divid$ 9 fi]ce ho/ility aga9/ itself2 ! sword un%ea!d betwe5 ! sons & ! fa!r2 usurp]s1 tyrants1 execution]s1 sacrilegi\s robb]s1 & blood/a9$ p>ricides violat+1 "u ! impulse ( religion1 e conv5tion div9e or human--su* is ! deadly picture ( fanaticism4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,if ?is t]m has at pres5t any connection ) its orig9al mean+ x is exce$+ly slight4 ,fanaticus 0 an honorable designation4 ,x signifi$ ! m9i/] or b5efactor ( a temple4 ,accord+ to ! diction>y ( ,trv\x "s antiqu>ies h discov]$ inscriptions 9 :i* ,roman citiz5s ( consid]able consequ5ce assum$ ! title ( fanaticus4 ,9 ,cic]o's oration pro domo sua1 a passage occurs 9 :i* ! ^w fanaticus appe>s to me ( difficult explanation4 ,! s$iti\s & lib]t9e ,clodius1 :o _h br\ght ab\t ! bani%m5t ( ,cic]o = hav+ sav$ ! republic1 _h n only plund]$ & demoli%$ ! h\ses ( t great man1 b 9 ord] t ,cic]o might nev] be able to return to 8 city resid5ce he procur$ ! consecration ( ! l& on :i* x /ood2 & ! prie/s _h erect$ !re a temple to lib]ty1 or r to slav]y1 9 :i* ,cs>1 ,pompey1 ,crassus1 & ,clodius !n held ! republic4 ,?us 9 all ages has religion be5 employ$ z an in/rum5t 9 ! p]secution ( great m54 ,:5 at l5g?1 9 a happi] p]iod1 ,cic]o 0 recall$1 he plead$ be=e ! p 9 ord] to obta9 ! re/oration ( ! gr\nd on :i* 8 h\se _h /ood1 & ! rebuild+ ( ! h\se at ! exp5se ( ! ,roman p4 ,he ?us expresses himself 9 ! spee* aga9/ ,clodius 7,oratio pro ,domo sua1 *ap4 xl73 ,adspicite1 adspicite1 pontifices1 hom9em religiosum4444 monete eum1 modum quemdam esse religionis2 nimium esse sup]/itiosum non oport]e4 ,quid tibi necesse fuit anili sup]/itione1 homo fanatice1 sacrificium1 quod alin domi fi]et invis]e8 ,does ! ^w fanaticus1 z us$ above1 mean s5seless1 pitiless1 abom9able fanatic1 accord+ to ! pres5t acceptation1 or does x r imply ! pi\s1 religi\s man1 ! frequ5t] & consecrator ( temples8 ,is x us$ "h 9 ! mean+ ( decid$ c5sure or ironical praise8 ,i d n feel myself compet5t to det]m9e1 b w give a translation ( ! passage3 ,behold1 rev]5d pontiffs1 behold ! pi\s man4444 sugge/ to him t ev5 religion itself has its limits1 t a man ought n to be s ov]-scrupul\s4 ,:at occasion 0 !re = a sacr$ p]son1 a fanatic l y\rself1 to h rec\rse to ! sup]/ition ( an old woman1 9 ord] to assi/ at a sacrifice p]=m$ 9 ano!r p]son's h\se8 ,cic]o alludes "h to ! my/]ies ( ! ,bona ,dea1 :i* _h be5 pr(an$ by ,clodius1 :o1 9 ! disguise ( a female1 & accompani$ by an old woman1 _h obta9$ an introduction to !m1 ) a view to an assignation ) ,cs>'s wife4 ,! passage is1 9 consequ5ce1 evid5tly ironical4 ,cic]o calls ,clodius a religi\s man1 & ! irony requires to be kept up ?r\gh ! :ole passage4 ,he employs t]ms ( honorable mean+1 m cle>ly to exhibit ,clodius's infamy4 ,x appe>s to me1 !re=e1 t he uses ! ^w 9 "q1 fanaticus 9 its respectable s5se1 z a ^w convey+ ! idea ( a sacrific]1 a pi\s man1 a zeal\s m9i/] ( a temple4 ,! t]m might be aft]w>ds appli$ to ^? :o believ$ !mselves inspir$ by ! gods1 :o be/[$ a some:at curi\s gift on ! int]pret]s ( _! w1 by orda9+ t1 9 ord] to be a prophet1 ! loss ( reason is indisp5sable4 ,les ,dieux leur int]prte ,ont fait un trange don2 ,ne peut on tre prophte ,sans qu'on p]de la raison8 ,! same diction>y ( ,trv\x in=ms u t ! old *ronicles ( ,france call ,clovis fanatic & pagan4 ,! read] w\ld h be5 pleas$ to h _h ! p>ticul> *ronicles specifi$4 ,i h n f\nd ?is epi!t appli$ to ,clovis 9 any ( ! few books ,i possess at my h\se ne> ,m\nt ,krapak1 :]e ,i n[ write4 ,we und]/& by fanaticism at pres5t a religi\s madness1 gloomy & cruel4 ,x is a malady ( ! m9d1 :i* is tak5 9 ! same way z smallpox4 ,books communicate x mu* less ?an meet+s & disc\rses4 ,we seldom get heat$ :ile read+ 9 solitude1 = our m9ds are !n tranquil & s$ate4 ,b :5 an ard5t man ( /rong imag9ation addresses himself to weak imag9ations1 8 eyes d>t fire1 & t fire rapidly spreads2 8 tones1 8 ge/ures1 absolutely convulse ! n]ves ( 8 auditors4 ,he exclaims1 ,! eye ( ,god is at ?is mom5t ^u y2 sacrifice e m]e human possession & feel+2 fight ! battles ( ! ,"l--& & !y ru% to ! fight4 ,fanaticism is1 9 ref]5ce to sup]/ition1 :at delirium is to fev]1 or rage to ang]4 ,he :o is involv$ 9 ec/asies & visions1 :o takes dreams = realities1 & 8 own imag9ations = prophecies1 is a fanatical novice ( great hope & promise1 & w probably soon advance to ! highe/ =m1 & kill man = ! love ( ,god4 ,b>?olomew ,diaz 0 a fanatical monk4 ,he _h a bro!r at ,nuremb]g call$ ,john ,diaz1 :o 0 an en?usia/ic adh]5t to ! doctr9es ( ,lu!r1 & completely conv9c$ t ! pope 0 ,anti*ri/1 & _h ! sign ( ! bea/4 ,b>?olomew1 /ill m ard5tly conv9c$ t ! pope 0 god ^u e>?1 quits ,rome1 det]m9$ ei!r to conv]t or murd] 8 bro!r2 he accord+ly murd]$ him6 ,"h is a p]fect case ( fanaticism4 ,we h notic$ & done ju/ice to ?is ,diaz else:]e4 ,polyeuctes1 :o w5t to ! temple on a day ( solemn fe/ival1 to ?r[ d[n & de/roy ! /atues & ornam5ts1 0 a fanatic less horrible ?an ,diaz1 b n less fooli%4 ,! assass9s ( ,francis1 duke ( ,guise1 ( ,william1 pr9ce ( ,orange1 ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iii41 ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iv41 & v>i\s o!rs1 7 equally possess$1 equally labor+ "u morbid fury1 ) ,diaz4 ,! mo/ /rik+ example ( fanaticism is t exhibit$ on ! night ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 :5 ! p ( ,p>is ru%$ f h\se to h\se to /ab1 slaught]1 ?r[ out ( ! w9d[1 & te> 9 pieces _! fell[ citiz5s n att5d+ mass4 ,guyon1 ,pat\illet1 ,*audon1 ,nonnotte1 & ! ex-,jesuit ,paulian1 are m]ely fanatics 9 a corn]--contemptible be+s :om we d n ?9k ( gu>d+ aga9/4 ,!y w\ld1 h[ev]1 on a day ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 p]=m wond]s4 ,!re are "s cold-blood$ fanatics2 su* z ^? judges :o s5t5ce m5 to dea? = no o!r crime ?an t ( ?9k+ diff]5tly f !mselves1 & ^! are s mu* ! m guilty & des]v+ ( ! execration ( mank9d1 z1 n labor+ "u madness l ! ,clem5ts1 ,*tels1 ,ravaillacs1 & ,dami5s1 !y might be deem$ capable ( li/5+ to reason4 ,!re is no o!r rem$y = ?is epidemical malady ?an t _s ( philosophy1 :i*1 ext5d+ itself f "o to ano!r1 at l5g? civilizes & s(t5s ! mann]s ( m5 & prev5ts ! access ( ! disease4 ,= :5 ! disord] has made any progress1 we %\ld1 )\t loss ( "t1 fly f ! seat ( x1 & wait till ! air has become purifi$ f contagion4 ,law & religion are n completely effici5t aga9/ ! spiritual pe/il5ce4 ,religion1 inde$1 s f> f af=d+ prop] nutrim5t to ! m9ds ( pati5ts labor+ "u ?is infecti\s & inf]nal di/emp]1 is conv]t$1 by ! diseas$ process ( _! m9ds1 into poison4 ,^! malignant devotees h incessantly be=e _! eyes ! example ( ,ehud1 :o assass9at$ ! k+ ( ,eglon2 ( ,judi?1 :o cut (f ! head ( ,hol(]nes :ile 9 b$ ) him2 ( ,samuel1 hew+ 9 pieces ,k+ ,agag2 ( ,jehoiada ! prie/1 :o murd]$ 8 que5 at ! horse-gate4 ,!y d n p]ceive t ^! in/ances1 :i* are respectable 9 antiquity1 are 9 ! pres5t day abom9able4 ,!y d]ive _! fury f religion1 decid$ly z religion condemns x4 ,laws are yet m p[]less aga9/ ^! p>oxysms ( rage4 ,to oppose laws to cases ( su* a description w\ld be l read+ a decree ( c\ncil to a man 9 a fr5zy4 ,! p]sons 9 "q are fully conv9c$ t ! ,holy ,_s :i* animates & fills !m is above all laws2 t _! own en?usiasm is1 9 fact1 ! only law :i* !y are b\nd to obey4 ,:at c be said 9 answ] to a man :o says he w r obey ,god ?an m51 & :o consequ5tly feels c]ta9 ( m]it+ heav5 by cutt+ y\r ?roat8 ,:5 once fanaticism has gangr5$ ! bra9 ( any man ! disease may be reg>d$ z ne>ly incurable4 ,i h se5 ,convulsion>ies :o1 :ile speak+ ( ! miracles ( ,/4 ,p>is1 gradually work$ !mselves up to high] & m vehem5t degrees ( agitation till _! eyes became inflam$1 _! :ole frames %ook1 _! c\nt5ances became di/ort$ by rage1 & _h any man contradict$ !m he w\ld inevitably h be5 murd]$4 ,yes1 ,i h se5 ^! wret*$ ,convulsion>ies wri?+ _! limbs & foam+ at _! m\?s4 ,!y 7 exclaim+1 ,we mu/ h blood4 ,!y effect$ ! assass9ation ( _! k+ by a lackey1 & end$ ) exclaim+ aga9/ philosoph]s4 ,fanatics are ne>ly always "u ! direction ( knaves1 :o place ! dagg] 9 _! h&s4 ,^! knaves resemble ,montaigne's ,old ,man ( ! ,m\nta91 :o1 x is said1 made weak p]sons imag9e1 "u 8 treatm5t ( !m1 t !y really _h exp]i5c$ ! joys ( p>adise1 & promis$ !m a :ole et]nity ( su* delights if !y w\ld g & assass9ate su* z he %\ld po9t out to !m4 ,!re has be5 only "o religion 9 ! _w :i* has n be5 pollut$ by fanaticism & t is ! religion ( ! le>n$ 9 ,*9a4 ,! diff]5t sects ( anci5t philosoph]s 7 n m]ely exempt f ?is pe/ ( human society1 b !y 7 antidotes to x3 = ! effect ( philosophy is to r5d] ! s\l tranquil1 & fanaticism & tranquillity are totally incompatible4 ,t our own holy religion has be5 s frequ5tly pollut$ by ?is inf]nal fury mu/ be imput$ to ! foil & madness ( mank9d4 ,?us ,ic>us abus$ ! w+s :i* he receiv$ = 8 b5efit4 ,!y 7 giv5 him = 8 salvation & !y insur$ 8 de/ruction3 ,a9si du plumage qu'il eut ,ic>e p]v]tit l'usage2 ,il le reut p\r son salut1 ,il s'en s]vit p\r son dommage4 --,,b]taut1 bi%op ( ,sez4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,fanatics d n always fight ! battles ( ! ,"l4 ,!y d n always assass9ate k+s & pr9ces4 ,!re are tig]s among !m1 b !re are m foxes4 ,:at a tissue ( frauds1 calumnies1 & robb]ies has be5 wov5 by fanatics ( ! c\rt ( ,rome aga9/ fanatics ( ! c\rt ( ,calv91 by ,jesuits aga9/ ,jans5i/s1 & vice v]sa6 ,& if y g f>!r back y w f9d ecclesia/ical hi/ory1 :i* is ! s*ool ( virtues1 to be t ( atrocities & abom9ations1 :i* h be5 employ$ by e sect aga9/ ! o!rs4 ,!y all h ! same b&age ov] _! eyes :e!r m>*+ out to burn d[n ! cities & t[ns ( _! adv]s>ies1 to slaught] ! inhabitants1 or condemn !m to judicial execution2 or :5 m]ely engag$ 9 ! comp>atively calm occupation ( deceiv+ & defraud+1 ( acquir+ weal? & ex]cis+ dom9ation4 ,! same fanaticism bl9ds !m2 !y ?9k t !y are do+ good4 ,e fanatic is a consci5ti\s knave1 b a s9c]e & hone/ murd]] = ! good cause4 ,read1 if y are able1 ! five or six ?\s& volumes 9 :i*1 = a hundr$ ye>s toge!r1 ! ,jans5i/s & ,mol9i/s h dealt out aga9/ ea* o!r _! reproa*es & revil+s1 _! mutual exposures ( fraud & knav]y1 & !n judge :e!r ,scap9 or ,trevel9 c be comp>$ ) !m4 ,"o ( ! mo/ curi\s !ological knav]ies ev] practis$ is1 9 my op9ion1 t ( a small bi%op--! n>rative ass]ts t he 0 a ,biscayan bi%op2 h[ev]1 we %all c]ta9ly1 at "s future p]iod f9d out bo? 8 "n & 8 bi%opric--^: diocese 0 p>tly 9 ,biscay & p>tly 9 ,france4 ,9 ! ,fr5* division ( 8 diocese !re 0 a p>i% :i* _h =m]ly be5 inhabit$ by "s ,moors4 ,! "l ( ! p>i% or manor 0 no ,mahometan2 he 0 p]fectly ca?olic1 z ! :ole univ]se %\ld be1 = ! mean+ ( ca?olic is univ]sal4 ,my "l ! bi%op _h "s suspicions conc]n+ ?is un=tunate seigneur1 ^: :ole occupation consi/$ 9 do+ good1 & conceiv$ t 9 8 he>t he ent]ta9$ bad ?\ghts & s5tim5ts savor+ n a little ( h]esy4 ,he ev5 accus$ him ( hav+ said1 9 ! way ( pleasantry1 t !re 7 good p 9 ,morocco z well z 9 ,biscay1 & t an hone/ inhabitant ( ,morocco might absolutely n be a mortal enemy ( ! ,supreme ,be+1 :o is ! fa!r ( all mank9d4 ,! fanatic1 ^u ?is1 wrote a long lett] to ! k+ ( ,france1 ! p>am\nt sov]eign ( our little manorial "l4 ,9 ?is lett] he entreat$ 8 maje/y to transf] ! manor ( ?is /ray & unbeliev+ %eep ei!r to ,l[] ,brittany or ,l[] ,norm&y1 accord+ to 8 good pleasure1 t he might be no long] able to diffuse ! contagion ( h]esy among 8 ,biscayan neighbors1 by 8 abom9able je/s4 ,! k+ ( ,france & 8 c\ncil smil$1 z may naturally be suppos$1 at ! extravagance & folly ( ! dem&4 ,our ,biscayan pa/or le>n+1 "s "t aft]w>ds1 t 8 ,fr5* %eep 0 sick1 ord]$ public notices to be fix$ up at ! *ur* gates ( ! canton1 prohibit+ any "o f adm9i/]+ ! communion to him1 unless he %\ld previ\sly give 9 a bill ( confession1 f :i* x might appe> t he 0 n circumcis$2 t he condemn$ ) 8 :ole he>t ! h]esy ( ,mahomet1 & e o!r h]esy ( ! l k9d--z1 = example1 ,calv9ism & ,jans5ism2 & t 9 e po9t he ?\ght l him1 ! said ,biscayan bi%op4 ,bills ( confession 7 at t "t mu* 9 fa%ion4 ,! sick man s5t = 8 p>i% prie/1 :o 0 a simple & sotti% man1 & ?reat5$ to h him hang$ by ! p>liam5t ( ,bordeaux if he did n in/antly adm9i/] ! viaticum to him4 ,! prie/ 0 al>m$1 & accord+ly celebrat$ ! sacr$ ord9ance1 z desir$ by ! pati5t2 :o1 aft] ! c]emony1 decl>$ al\d1 be=e witnesses1 t ! ,biscayan pa/or _h falsely accus$ him be=e ! k+ ( be+ ta9t$ ) ! ,mussulman religion2 t he 0 a s9c]e ,*ri/ian1 & t ! ,biscayan 0 a calumniator4 ,he sign$ ?is1 aft] x _h be5 writt5 d[n1 9 pres5ce ( a not>y1 & e =m requir$ by law 0 compli$ )4 ,he soon aft] became bett]1 & re/ & a good consci5ce spe$ily complet$ 8 recov]y4 ,! ,biscayan1 q exasp]at$ t ! old pati5t %\ld h ?us expos$ & disappo9t$ him1 resolv$ to h 8 rev5ge1 & ?us he set ab\t x4 ,he procur$1 fifte5 days aft] ! ev5t j m5tion$1 ! fabrication1 9 8 own language or patois1 ( a pr(ession ( fai? :i* ! prie/ pret5d$ to h he>d & receiv$4 ,x 0 sign$ by ! prie/ & ?ree or f\r peasants1 :o _h n be5 pres5t at ! c]emony2 & ! =g$ in/rum5t 0 !n pass$ ?r\gh ! necess>y & solemn =m ( v]ification & regi/ry1 z if ?is =m c\ld give x au!nticity4 ,an in/rum5t n sign$ by ! p>ty alone int]e/$1 sign$ by p]sons unkn[n1 fifte5 days aft] ! ev5t1 an in/rum5t disav[$ by ! real & cr$ible witnesses ( t ev5t1 involv$ evid5tly ! crime ( =g]y2 &1 z ! subject ( ! =g]y 0 a matt] ( fai?1 ! crime cle>ly r5d]$ bo? ! prie/ & ! witnesses liable to ! galleys 9 ?is _w1 & to hell 9 ! o!r4 ,our "l ( ! manor1 h[ev]1 :o lov$ a joke1 b _h no gall or malice 9 8 he>t1 took compassion bo? ^u ! bodies & s\ls ( ^! conspirators4 ,he decl9$ deliv]+ !m ov] to human ju/ice1 & cont5t$ himself ) giv+ !m up to ridicule4 ,b he decl>$ t aft] ! dea? ( ! ,biscayan he w\ld1 if he surviv$1 h ! pleasure ( pr9t+ an acc\nt ( all 8 proce$+s & manuvres on ?is bus9ess1 toge!r ) ! docum5ts & evid5ces1 j to amuse ! small numb] ( read]s :o might l anecdotes ( t description2 & n1 z is (t5 pomp\sly ann\nc$1 ) a view to ! in/ruction ( ! univ]se4 ,!re are s _m au?ors :o address !mselves to ! univ]se1 :o really imag9e !y attract1 & p]haps absorb1 ! att5tion ( ! univ]se1 t he conceiv$ he might n h a doz5 read]s out ( ! :ole :o w\ld att5d = a mom5t to himself4 ,b let u return to fanaticism4 ,x is ?is rage = mak+ proselytes1 ?is int5sely mad desire :i* m5 feel to br+ o!rs ov] to p>take ( _! own peculi> cup or communion1 t induc$ ! ,jesuit ,*tel & ! ,jesuit ,r\? to ru% ) eag]ness to ! dea?b$ ( ! celebrat$ ,montesquieu4 ,^! two devot$ zealots desir$ no?+ bett] ?an to be able to boa/ t !y _h p]suad$ him ( ! m]its ( contrition & ( suffic+ grace4 ,we wr\ght 8 conv]sion1 !y said4 ,he 01 9 ! ma91 a wor?y s\l3 he 0 mu* atta*$ to ! society ( ,jesus4 ,we _h "s little difficulty 9 induc+ him to admit c]ta9 fundam5tal tru?s2 b z 9 ^! circum/ances1 9 ! crisis ( life & dea?1 ! m9d is always mo/ cle> & acute1 we soon conv9c$ him4 ,?is fanatical eag]ness = conv]t+ m5 is s ard5t1 t ! mo/ debau*$ monk 9 8 conv5t w\ld ev5 quit 8 mi/ress1 & walk to ! v extremity ( ! city1 = ! sake ( mak+ a s+le conv]t4 ,we h all se5 ,fa!r ,poisson1 a ,cordeli] ( ,p>is1 :o impov]i%$ 8 conv5t to pay 8 mi/resses1 & :o 0 imprison$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! depravity ( 8 mann]s4 ,he 0 "o ( ! mo/ popul> prea*]s at ,p>is1 & "o ( ! mo/ det]m9$ & zeal\s ( conv]t]s4 ,su* also 0 ! celebrat$ prea*] ,fant91 at ,v]sailles4 ,! li/ might be easily enl>g$2 b x is unnecess>y1 if n also dang]\s1 to expose ! freaks & fre$oms ( con/itut$ au?orities4 ,y "k :at happ5$ to ,ham = hav+ reveal$ 8 fa!r's %ame4 ,he became z black z a coal4 ,let u m]ely pray to ,god1 :e!r ris+ or ly+ d[n1 t he w\ld deliv] u f fanatics1 z ! pilgrims ( ,mecca pray t !y may meet ) no s\r faces on ! road4 ,,section ,,iv4 ,ludl[1 :o 0 r an en?usia/ = lib]ty ?an a fanatic 9 religion--t brave man1 :o hat$ ,cromwell m ?an he did ,*>les ,i41 relates t ! p>liam5t>y =ces 7 always defeat$ by ! royal army 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! civil w>2 j z ! regim5t ( port]s 7portes-co*res7 7 unable to /& ! %ock ( conflict1 9 ! "t ( ! ,fronde aga9/ ! great ,cond4 ,cromwell said to ,g5]al ,fairfax3 ,h[ c y possibly expect a rabble ( ,london port]s & appr5tices to resi/ a nobility urg$ on by ! pr9ciple1 or r ! phantom1 ( honor8 ,let u actuate !m by a m p[]ful phantom--fanaticism6 ,our enemies are fight+ only = _! k+2 let u p]suade our troops !y are fight+ = _! ,god4 ,give me a commission1 & ,i w raise a regim5t ( bro!r murd]]s1 :om ,i w pl$ge myself soon to make inv9cible fanatics6 ,he 0 z good z 8 ^w2 he compos$ 8 regim5t ( r$-coat$ bro!rs1 ( gloomy religioni/s1 :om he made ob$i5t tig]s4 ,mahomet himself 0 nev] bett] s]v$ by soldi]s4 ,b 9 ord] to inspire ?is fanaticism1 y mu/ be second$ & support$ by ! _s ( ! times4 ,a ,fr5* p>liam5t at ! pres5t day w\ld attempt 9 va9 to raise a regim5t ( su* port]s z we h m5tion$2 x c\ld1 ) all its ef=ts1 m]ely r\se into fr5zy a few wom5 ( ! fi%-m>ket4 ,only ! able/ m5 h ! p[] to make & to guide fanatics4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 suffici5t to possess ! pr(\nde/ dissimulation & ! mo/ det]m9$ intrepidity2 ev]y?+ dep5ds1 aft] ^! previ\s requisites are secur$1 on com+ into ! _w at a prop] "t4 ,,section ,v4 ,geometry !n1 x seems1 is n always connect$ ) cle>ness & correctness ( und]/&+4 ,ov] :at precipices d n m5 fall1 not)/&+ _! boa/$ lead+-/r+s ( reason6 ,a celebrat$ ,prote/ant1 :o 0 e/eem$ "o ( ! fir/ ma!maticians ( ! age1 & :o foll[$ 9 ! tra9 ( ! ,newtons1 ! ,leibnitzes1 & ,b]n\illis1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury1 /ruck out "s v s+ul> coroll>ies4 ,x is said t ) a gra9 ( fai? a man may remove m\nta9s2 & ?is man ( sci5ce1 foll[+ up ! me?od ( pure geometrical analysis1 reason$ ?us ) himself3 ,i h _m gra9s ( fai?1 & c1 !re=e1 remove _m m\nta9s4 ,?is 0 ! man :o made 8 appe>ance at ,london 9 #agjg2 &1 associat+ himself ) c]ta9 m5 ( le>n+ & sci5ce1 "s ( :om1 moreov]1 7 n defici5t 9 sagacity1 !y publicly ann\nc$ t !y w\ld raise to life a dead p]son 9 any cemet]y t might be fix$ ^u4 ,_! reason+ 0 uni=mly syn!tical4 ,!y said1 g5u9e disciples mu/ h ! p[] ( p]=m+ miracles2 we are g5u9e disciples1 we !re=e %all be able to p]=m z _m z we please4 ,! m]e unsci5tific sa9ts ( ! ,romi% *ur* h resuscitat$ _m wor?y p]sons2 !re=e1 a =tiori1 we1 ! re=m]s ( ! re=m$ !mselves1 %all resuscitate z _m z we may desire4 ,^! argum5ts are irrefragable1 be+ con/ruct$ accord+ to ! mo/ correct =m possible4 ,"h we h at a glance ! explanation :y all antiquity 0 inundat$ ) prodigies2 :y ! temples ( sculapius at ,epidaurus1 & 9 o!r cities1 7 completely fill$ ) ex-votos2 ! ro(s adorn$ ) ?ighs /raight5$1 arms re/or$1 & silv] infants3 all 0 miracle4 ,9 %ort1 ! fam\s ,prote/ant geometrician :om ,i speak ( appe>$ s p]fectly s9c]e2 he ass]t$ s confid5tly t he w\ld raise ! dead1 & 8 proposition 0 put =w>d ) s mu* plausibility & /r5u\sness1 t ! p ent]ta9$ a v /rong impression on ! subject1 & ,que5 ,anne 0 advis$ to appo9t a day1 an h\r1 & a cemet]y1 su* z he %\ld himself select1 9 :i* he might h ! opportunity ( p]=m+ 8 miracle legally1 & "u ! inspection ( ju/ice4 ,! holy geometrician *ose ,/4 ,paul's ca!dral = ! sc5e ( 8 ex]tion3 ! p rang$ !mselves 9 two r[s2 soldi]s 7 /ation$ to pres]ve ord] bo? among ! liv+ & ! dead2 ! magi/rates took _! seats2 ! regi/] procur$ 8 record2 x 0 impossible t ! new miracles c\ld be v]ifi$ too completely4 ,a dead body 0 dis9t]r$ agreeably to ! holy man's *oice & direction2 he !n pray$1 he fell ^u 8 knees1 & made ! mo/ pi\s & dev\t contortions possible2 8 companions imitat$ him2 ! dead body exhibit$ no sign ( animation2 x 0 aga9 deposit$ 9 its grave1 & ! pr(ess$ resuscitator & 8 adh]5ts 7 slightly puni%$4 ,i aft]w>ds saw "o ( ^! misl$ creatures2 he decl>$ to me t "o ( ! p>ty 0 at ! "t "u ! /a9 ( a v5ial s91 = :i* ! dead p]son suff]$1 & b = :i* ! resurrection w\ld h be5 infallible4 ,7 x all[able = u to reveal ! disgrace ( ^? to :om we owe ! s9c]e/ respect1 ,i %\ld obs]ve "h1 t ,newton1 ! great ,newton himself1 discov]$ 9 ! ,apocalypse t ! pope 0 ,anti*ri/1 & made _m o!r simil> discov]ies4 ,i %\ld also obs]ve t he 0 a decid$ ,arian4 ,i am aw>e t ?is deviation ( ,newton1 comp>$ to t ( ! o!r geometrician1 is z unity to inf9ity4 ,b if ! exalt$ ,newton imag9$ t he f\nd ! mod]n hi/ory ( ,europe 9 ! ,apocalypse1 we may say3 ,alas1 poor human be+s6 ,x seems z if sup]/ition 7 an epidemic disease1 f :i* ! /ronge/ m9ds are n always exempt4 ,!re are 9 ,turkey p]sons ( great & /rong s5se1 :o w\ld und]go empalem5t = ! sake ( c]ta9 op9ions ( ,abubek]4 ,^! pr9ciples be+ once admitt$1 !y reason ) great consi/5cy2 & ! ,nav>icians1 ! ,rad>i/s1 & ! ,jab>ites mutually consign ea* o!r to damnation 9 con=mity to v %rewd & subtle argum5t4 ,!y all draw plausible consequ5ces1 b !y nev] d>e to exam9e pr9ciples4 ,a report is publicly spread abroad by "s p]son1 t !re exi/s a giant sev5ty feet high2 ! le>n$ soon aft] beg9 to discuss & dispute ab\t ! color ( 8 hair1 ! ?ickness ( 8 ?umb1 ! measurem5t ( 8 nails2 !y exclaim1 cabal1 & ev5 fight ^u ! subject4 ,^? :o ma9ta9 t ! little f+] ( ! giant is only fifte5 l9es 9 diamet] burn ^? :o ass]t t x is a foot ?ick4 ,b1 g5tlem51 mode/ly obs]ves a /rang] pass+ by1 does ! giant y are disput+ ab\t really exi/8 ,:at a horrible d\bt6 all ! disputants cry out toge!r4 ,:at blasphemy6 ,:at absurdity6 ,a %ort truce is !n br\ght ab\t to give "t = /on+ ! poor /rang]2 &1 aft] hav+ duly p]=m$ t murd]\s c]emony1 !y resume fight+ ^u ! ev]la/+ subject ( ! nails & little f+]4 ,,fancy4 ,fancy =m]ly signifi$ imag9ation1 & ! t]m 0 us$ simply to express t faculty ( ! s\l :i* receives s5sible objects4 ,desc>tes & ,gass5di1 & all ! philosoph]s ( _! day1 say t ! =m or images ( ?+s are pa9t$ 9 ! fancy4 ,b ! great] "p ( ab/ract t]ms are1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 receiv$ 9 a s5se diff]5t f _! orig9al "o1 l tools :i* indu/ry applies to new purposes4 ,fancy1 at pres5t1 means a p>ticul> desire1 a transi5t ta/e2 he has a fancy = go+ to ,*9a2 8 fancy = gam+ & danc+ has pass$ away4 ,an arti/ pa9ts a fancy portrait1 a portrait n tak5 f any model4 ,to h fancies is to h extraord9>y ta/es1 b ( brief duration4 ,fancy1 9 ?is s5se1 falls a little %ort ( oddity 7biz>r]ie7 & caprice4 ,caprice may express a sudd5 & unreasonable disgu/4 ,he _h a fancy = music1 & caprici\sly became disgu/$ ) x4 ,:imsicality gives an idea ( inconsi/5cy & bad ta/e1 :i* fancy does n2 he _h a fancy = build+1 b he con/ruct$ 8 h\se 9 a :imsical ta/e4 ,!re are %ades ( di/9ction betwe5 hav+ fancies & be+ fanta/ic2 ! fanta/ic is mu* ne>] to ! caprici\s & ! :imsical4 ,! ^w fanta/ic expresses a "* unequal & abrupt4 ,! idea ( *>m+ or pleasant is exclud$ f x2 :]eas !re are agreeable fancies4 ,we sometimes he> us$ 9 conv]sation odd fancies 7des fantasies musques72 b ! expression 0 nev] und]/ood to mean :at ! ,diction>y ( ,trv\x supposes--,! :ims ( m5 ( sup]ior rank :i* "o mu/ n v5ture to condemn2 on ! contr>y1 t expression is us$ = ! v object & purpose ( condemn+ !m2 & musque1 9 ?is connection1 is an expletive add+ =ce to ! t]m fancies1 z we say1 ,sottise pomme1 folie fieffe1 to express nons5se & folly4 ,,fa/i4 ,( ! ,diff]5t ,significations ( ?is ,^w4 ,! ,lat9 ^w fa/i signifies fe/ivals1 & x is 9 ?is s5se t ,ovid treats ( x 9 8 poem entitl$ ,! ,fa/i4 ,godeau has compos$ ! ,fa/i ( ! *ur* on ?is model1 b ) less success4 ,! religion ( ! ,roman ,pagans 0 m calculat$ = poetry ?an t ( ! ,*ri/ians2 to :i* x may be add$1 t ,ovid 0 a bett] poet ?an ,godeau4 ,! consul> fa/i 7 only ! li/ ( consuls4 ,! fa/i ( ! magi/rates 7 ! days 9 :i* !y 7 p]mitt$ to plead2 & ^? on :i* !y did n plead 7 call$ nefa/i1 because !n !y c\ld n plead = ju/ice4 ,! ^w nefa/us 9 ?is s5se does n signify un=tunate2 on ! contr>y1 nefa/us & nef&us 7 ! attributes ( un=tunate days 9 ano!r s5se1 signify+ days 9 :i* p mu/ n plead2 days wor?y only to be =gott52 ille nefa/o te posuit die4 ,besides o!r fa/i1 ! ,romans _h _! fa/i urbis1 fa/i ru/ici1 :i* 7 cal5d>s ( ! p>ticul> usages1 & c]emonies ( ! city & ! c\ntry4 ,on ^! days ( solemnity1 e "o s\ght to a/oni% by ! gr&eur ( 8 dress1 8 equipage1 or 8 banquet4 ,?is pomp1 invisible on o!r days1 0 call$ fa/us4 ,x expresses magnific5ce 9 ^? :o by _! /ation c af=d x1 b vanity 9 o!rs4 ,?\gh ! ^w fa/us may n be always injuri\s1 ! ^w pomp\s is inv>iably s4 ,a devotee :o makes a p>ade ( 8 virtue r5d]s humility itself pomp\s4 ,,fa!rs--,,mo!rs--,,*ildr54 ,_! ,duties4 ,! ,encyclopdia has be5 mu* exclaim$ aga9/ 9 ,france2 because x 0 produc$ 9 ,france1 & has done ,france honor4 ,9 o!r c\ntries1 p h n cri$ out2 on ! contr>y1 !y h eag]ly set ab\t pirat+ or spoil+ x1 because money 0 to be ga9$ !reby4 ,b we1 :o d n1 l ! encyclopdi/s ( ,p>is1 labor = glory2 we1 :o are n1 l !m1 expos$ to envy2 we1 ^: little society lies unnotic$ 9 ,hesse1 9 ,wrtemb]g1 9 ,switz]l&1 among ! ,grisons1 or at ,m\nt ,krapak2 & h1 !re=e1 no appreh5sion ( hav+ to dispute ) ! doctor ( ! ,comdie ,itali5ne1 or ) a doctor ( ! ,sorbonne2 we1 :o sell n our %eets to a booksell]1 b are free be+s1 & lay n black on :ite until we h exam9$1 to ! utmo/ ( our ability1 :e!r ! said black may be ( s]vice to mank9d2 we1 9 %ort1 :o love virtue1 %all boldly decl>e :at we ?9k4 ,honor ?y fa!r & ?y "m1 t ?y days may be long-- ,i w\ld v5ture to say1 ,honor ?y fa!r & ?y "m1 ?\gh ?is day %all be ?y la/4 ,t5d]ly love & joyfully s]ve ! "m :o bore y 9 h] womb1 f$ y at h] brea/1 & pati5tly endur$ all t 0 disgu/+ 9 y\r infancy4 ,dis*>ge ! same duties to y\r fa!r1 :o br\ght y up4 ,:at w future ages say ( a ,frank1 nam$ ,l\is ! ,?irte5?1 :o1 at ! age ( sixte51 began ! ex]cise ( 8 au?ority ) hav+ ! door ( 8 "m's ap>tm5t wall$ up1 & s5d+ h] into exile1 )\t giv+ ! smalle/ reason = s do+1 & solely because x 0 8 favorite's wi%8 ,b1 sir1 ,i mu/ tell y 9 confid5ce t my fa!r is a drunk>d1 :o begot me "o day by *ance1 n c>+ a jot ab\t me2 & gave me no education b t ( beat+ me e day :5 he came home intoxicat$4 ,my "m 0 a coquette1 ^: only occupation 0 love-mak+4 ,b = my nurse1 :o _h tak5 a lik+ to me1 & :o1 aft] ! dea? ( h] son1 receiv$ me into h] h\se = *>ity1 ,i %\ld h di$ ( want4 ,well1 !n1 honor y\r nurse2 & b[ to y\r fa!r & "m :5 y meet !m4 ,x is said 9 ! ,vulgate1 ',honora patrem tuum et matrem tuam'--n dilige4 ,v well1 sir1 ,i %all love my fa!r & my "m if !y d me good2 ,i %all honor !m if !y d me ill4 ,i h ?\ght s ev] s9ce ,i began to ?9k1 & y confirm me 9 my maxims4 ,f>e y well1 my *ild1 ,i see y w prosp]1 = y h a gra9 ( philosophy 9 y\r composition4 ,"o ^w m1 sir4 ,if my fa!r 7 to call himself ,abraham1 & me ,isaac1 & 7 to say to me1 ',my son1 y are tall & /rong2 c>ry ^! fagots to ! top ( t hill1 to burn y ) aft] ,i h cut (f y\r head2 = ,god ord]$ me to d s :5 ,he came to see me ?is morn+1'--:at w\ld y advise me to d 9 su* critical circum/ances8 ,critical1 inde$6 ,b :at w\ld y d ( y\rself8 = y seem to be no blockhead4 ,i own1 sir1 t ,i %\ld ask him to produce a writt5 ord]1 & t f reg>d = himself1 ,i %\ld say to him--',fa!r1 y are among /rang]s1 :o d n all[ a man to assass9ate 8 son )\t an express condition f ,god1 duly sign$1 seal$ & deliv]$4 ,see :at happ5$ to poor ,calas1 9 ! half ,fr5*1 half ,spani% t[n ( ,t\l\se4 ,he 0 brok5 on ! :eel2 & ! procureur-gnral ,riquet decid$ on hav+ ,madame ,calas1 ! "m1 burn$--all on ! b>e & v ill-conceiv$ suspicion1 t !y _h hung up _! son1 ,m>k ,antony ,calas1 = ! love ( ,god4 ,i %\ld fe> t 8 conclusions w\ld be equally prejudicial to ! well-be+ ( y\rself & y\r si/] or niece1 ,madame ,s>ah1 my "m4 ,once m ,i say1 %[ me a lettre de ca*et = cutt+ my ?roat1 sign$ by ,god's own h&1 & c\nt]sign$ by ,raphael1 ,mi*ael1 or ,beelzebub4 ,if n1 fa!r--y\r mo/ ob$i5t3 ,i w g to ,ph>aoh ( ,egypt1 or to ! k+ ( ! des]t ( ,g]>1 :o bo? h be5 9 love ) my "m1 & w c]ta9ly be k9d to me4 ,cut my bro!r ,i%mael's ?roat1 if y l2 b rely ^u x1 y %all n cut m9e4' ,good2 ?is is argu+ l a true sage4 ,! ',encyclopdia' itself c\ld n h reason$ bett]4 ,i tell y1 y w d great ?+s4 ,i admire y = n hav+ said an ill ^w to y\r fa!r ,abraham--= n hav+ be5 tempt$ to beat him4 ,& tell me3 _h y be5 t ,cram1 :om 8 fa!r1 ! ,franki% ,k+ ,clo?aire1 _h burn$ 9 a b>n2 a ,don ,c>los1 son ( t fox1 ,philip ! ,second2 a poor ,alexis1 son ( t ,cz> ,pet]1 half h]o1 half tig]-- ,ah1 sir1 say no m ( ^? horrors2 y w make me dete/ human nature4 ,,favor4 ,( ,:at is ,und]/ood by ! ,^w4 ,favor1 f ! ,lat9 ^w favor1 r signifies a b5efit ?an a recomp5se4 ,we e>ne/ly beg a favor2 we m]it & l\dly dem& a recomp5se4 ,! god ,favor1 accord+ to ! ,roman my?ologi/s1 0 ! son ( ,beauty & ,=tune4 ,all favor conveys ! idea ( some?+ gratuit\s2 he has done me ! favor ( introduc+ me1 ( pres5t+ me1 ( recomm5d+ my fri5d1 ( correct+ my "w4 ,! favor ( pr9ces is ! effect ( _! fancy1 & ( assidu\s complaisance4 ,! favor ( ! p sometimes implies m]it1 b is m (t5 attributable to lucky accid5t4 ,favor diff]s mu* f k9dness4 ,t man is 9 favor ) ! k+1 b he has n yet receiv$ any k9dnesses f him4 ,we say t he has be5 receiv$ into ! good graces ( a p]son1 n he has be5 receiv$ into favor2 ?\gh we say to be 9 favor1 because favor is suppos$ to be an habitual ta/e2 :ile to receive into grace is to p>don1 or1 at lea/1 is less ?an to be/[ a favor4 ,to obta9 grace is ! effect ( a mom5t2 to obta9 favor is a "w ( "t4 ,nev]!less1 we say indiff]5tly1 d me ! k9dness & d me ! favor1 to recomm5d my fri5d4 ,lett]s ( recomm5dation 7 =m]ly call$ lett]s ( favor4 ,sev]us says1 9 ! trag$y ( ,polyeuctes3 ,je m\rrais mille fois plutt que d'abus] ,des lettres de faveur que j'ai p\r l'p\s]4 ,lett]s ( favor1 ?\gh ,i h to w$ h]1 ,i'd r die a ?\s& times ?an use !m4 ,we h ! favor & good-w1 n ! k9dness ( ! pr9ce & ! public4 ,we may obta9 ! favor ( our audi5ce by mode/y1 b x w n be graci\s if we are t$i\s4 ,?is expression favor1 signifies a gratuit\s good-w1 :i* we seek to obta9 f ! pr9ce or ! public4 ,gallantry has ext5d$ x to ! complaisance ( ! ladies2 & ?\gh we d n say t we h ! favors ( ! k+1 we say t we h ! favors ( a lady4 ,! equival5t to ?is expression is unkn[n 9 ,asia1 :]e ! wom5 possess less influ5ce4 ,=m]ly1 ribbons1 gloves1 buckles1 & sword-knots giv5 by a lady1 7 call$ favors4 ,! e>l ( ,essex wore a glove ( ,que5 ,elizabe?'s 9 8 hat1 :i* he call$ ! que5's favor4 ,,favorite4 ,?is ^w has sometimes a b\nd$ & sometimes an ext5d$ s5se4 ,favorite sometimes conveys ! idea ( p[]2 & sometimes x only signifies a man :o pleases 8 ma/]4 ,h5ry ,,iii4 _h favorites :o 7 only play-?+s1 & he _h ^? :o gov]n$ ! /ate1 z ! dukes ( ,joyeuse & p]non4 ,a favorite may be comp>$ to a piece ( gold1 :i* is valu$ at :atev] ! pr9ce pleases4 ,an anci5t writ] has ask$1 ,:o ought to be ! k+'s favorite8--! p6 ,good poets are call$ ! favorites ( ! muses1 z prosp]\s m5 are call$ ! favorites ( =tune1 because bo? are suppos$ to receive ^! gifts )\t labor+ = !m4 ,x is ?us1 t a f]tile & well-situat$ l& is call$ ! favorite ( nature4 ,! woman :o pleases ! sultan mo/ is call$ ! favorite sultana4 ,somebody has writt5 ! hi/ory ( favorites2 t is to say1 ! mi/resses ( ! greate/ pr9ces4 ,sev]al pr9ces 9 ,g]many h c\ntry h\ses :i* !y call favorites4 ,a lady's favorite is n[ only to be f\nd 9 romances & /ories ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,,fea/s4 ,,section ,i4 ,a poor g5tleman ( ! prov9ce ( ,hag5au1 cultivat$ 8 small e/ate1 & ,/4 ,ragonda1 or ,radegonda1 0 ! patron ( 8 p>i%4 ,n[ x happ5$1 on ! fea/ ( ,/4 ,ragonda1 t x 0 necess>y to d some?+ to ?is poor g5tleman's field1 )\t :i* great loss w\ld be incurr$4 ,! ma/]1 ) all 8 family1 aft] hav+ dev\tly assi/$ at mass1 w5t to cultivate 8 l&1 on :i* dep5d$ ! subsi/5ce ( 8 family1 :ile ! rector & ! o!r p>i%ion]s w5t to tipple z usual4 ,! rector1 :ile enjoy+ 8 glass1 0 in=m$ ( ! enorm\s (f5ce committ$ 9 8 p>i% by ?is pr(ane labor]1 & w5t1 burn+ ) w9e & ang]1 to seek ! cultivator4 ,sir1 y are v insol5t & v impi\s to d>e to cultivate y\r field1 in/ead ( go+ to ! tav]n l o!r p4 ,i agree1 sir1 repli$ ! g5tleman1 t x is necess>y to dr9k to ! honor ( ! sa9t2 b x is also necess>y to eat1 & my family w\ld die ( hung] if ,i did n labor4 ,dr9k & die1 !n1 said ! vic>4 ,9 :at law1 9 :at book is x s writt58 said ! labor]4 ,9 ,ovid1 repli$ ! vic>4 ,i ?9k y are mi/ak51 said ! g5tleman2 9 :at "p ( ,ovid h y read t ,i %\ld g to ! tav]n r ?an cultivate my field on ,/4 ,ragonda's day8 ,x %\ld be rem>k$ t bo? ! g5tleman & ! pa/or 7 well educat$ m54 ,read ! metamorphoses ( ! daught]s ( ,m9yas1 said ! vic>4 ,i h read x1 repli$ ! o!r1 & ,i ma9ta9 t !y h no relation to my pl\gh4 ,h[1 impi\s man6 d y n rememb] t ! daught]s ( ,m9yas 7 *ang$ into bats = hav+ spun on a fea/ day8 ,! case is v diff]5t1 repli$ ! g5tleman1 ^! ladies _h n r5d]$ any homage to ,bac*us4 ,i h be5 at ! mass ( ,/4 ,ragonda1 y c h no?+ to say to me2 y _c *ange me into a bat4 ,i w d worse1 said ! prie/1 ,i w f9e y4 ,he did s4 ,! poor g5tleman 0 ru9$3 he quitt$ ! c\ntry ) 8 family--w5t into a /range "o--became a ,lu!ran--& 8 gr\nd rema9$ uncultivat$ = sev]al ye>s4 ,?is affair 0 relat$ to a magi/rate ( good s5se & mu* piety4 ,^! are ! reflections :i* he made ^u x3 ,!y 7 no d\bt innkeep]s1 said he1 t inv5t$ ?is prodigi\s numb] ( fea/s2 ! religion ( peasants & artisans consi/s 9 gett+ tipsy on ! day ( a sa9t1 :om !y only "k by ?is k9d ( wor%ip4 ,x is on ^! days ( idl5ess & debau*]y t all crimes are committ$2 x is ^! fea/s :i* fill ! prisons1 & :i* support ! police (fic]s1 regi/]s1 lieut5ants ( police1 & hangm52 ! only excuse = fea/-days among u4 ,f ?is cause ,ca?olic c\ntries are sc>cely-cultivat$ at all2 :il/ h]etics1 by daily cultivat+ _! l&s1 produce abundant crops4 ,x is all v well t ! %oemak]s %\ld g 9 ! morn+ to mass on ,/4 ,crisp9's day1 because crepido signifies ! upp] lea!r ( a %oe2 t ! bru%-mak]s %\ld honor ,/4 ,b>b>a _! patron2 t ^? :o h weak eyes %\ld he> ! mass ( ,/4 ,cl>a3 t ,/4---- %\ld be celebrat$ 9 _m prov9ces2 b aft] hav+ paid _! devoirs to ! sa9ts !y %\ld become s]viceable to m51 !y %\ld g f ! alt> to ! pl\gh2 x is ! excess ( b>b>ity1 & insupportable slav]y1 to consecrate our days to idl5ess & vice4 ,prie/s1 comm&1 if x be necess>y t ! sa9ts ,ro*e1 ,eu/ace1 & ,fiacre1 be pray$ to 9 ! morn+2 b1 magi/rates1 ord] y\r fields to be cultivat$ z usual4 ,x is labor t is necess>y2 ! great] ! indu/ry ! m ! day is sanctifi$4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,lett] f a ,weav] ( ,lyons to ! ,g5tlem5 ( ! ,commission e/abli%$ at ,p>is1 = ! ,re=mation ( ,religi\s ,ord]s1 pr9t$ 9 ! public pap]s 9 #agfh4 ,g5tlem53 ,i am a silk-weav]1 & h work$ at ,lyons = n9ete5 ye>s4 ,my wages h increas$ ins5sibly2 at pres5t ,i get ?irty-five s\s p] day4 ,my wife1 :o makes lace1 w\ld get fifte5 m1 if x 7 possible = h] to devote h] "t to x2 b z ! c>es ( ! h\se1 illness1 or o!r ?+s1 cont9ually h9d] h]1 ,i r$uce h] pr(it to t5 s\s1 :i* makes =ty-five s\s daily4 ,if f ! ye> we d$uct eighty-two ,sundays1 or holidays1 we %all h two hundr$ & eighty-f\r pr(itable days1 :i* at =ty-five s\s make six hundr$ & ?irty-n9e livres4 ,t is my rev5ue2 ! foll[+ are my exp5ses3 ,i h eight liv+ *ildr51 & my wife is on ! po9t ( be+ conf9$ ) ! elev5?2 = ,i h lo/ two4 ,i h be5 m>ri$ fifte5 ye>s3 s t ,i annually reckon tw5ty-f\r livres = ! exp5ses ( h] conf9em5ts & baptisms1 "o hundr$ & eight livres = two nurses1 hav+ g5]ally two *ildr5 out at nurse1 & sometimes ev5 ?ree4 ,i pay fifty-sev5 livres r5t & f\rte5 taxes4 ,my income is !n r$uc$ to f\r hundr$ & ?irty-six livres1 or tw5ty-five s\s ?ree d5i]s a day1 ) :i* ,i h to clo! & furni% my family1 buy wood & c&les1 & support my wife & six *ildr54 ,i look =w>d to holidays ) dismay4 ,i confess t ,i (t5 almo/ curse _! in/itution4 ,!y c\ld only h be5 in/itut$ by usur]s & innkeep]s4 ,my fa!r made me /udy h>d 9 my y\?1 & wi%$ me to become a monk1 %[+ me 9 t /ate a sure asylum aga9/ want2 b ,i always ?\ght t e man owes 8 tribute to society1 & t monks are useless drones :o live ^u ! labor ( ! bees4 ,not)/&+1 ,i ackn[l$ge t :5 ,i see ,john ,c----1 ) :om ,i /udi$1 & :o 0 ! mo/ idle boy 9 ! college1 possess+ ! fir/ place among ! prmontrs1 ,i _c help regrett+ t ,i did n li/5 to my fa!r's advice4 ,?is is ! ?ird holiday 9 ,*ri/mas1 ,i h pawn$ ! little furniture ,i _h1 ,i am 9 a week's debt ) my tradesman1 & ,i want bread--h[ are we to get ov] ! f\r?8 ,?is is n all2 ,i h ! prospect ( f\r m next week4 ,great ,god6 ,eight holidays 9 t5 days2 y _c h comm&$ x6 ,"o ye> ,i hop$ t r5ts w\ld dim9i% by ! suppression ( "o ( ! mona/]ies ( ! ,capu*9s & ,cordeli]s4 ,:at useless h\ses 9 ! c5tre ( ,lyons are ^? ( ! ,jacob9s1 nuns ( ,/4 ,pet]1 etc4 ,:y n e/abli% !m 9 ! suburbs if !y are ?\ght necess>y8 ,h[ _m m useful inhabitants w\ld supply _! places6 ,all ^! reflections1 g5tlem51 h induc$ me to address myself to y :o h be5 *os5 by ! k+ = ! task ( rectify+ abuses4 ,i am n ! only "o :o ?9ks ?us4 ,h[ _m labor]s 9 ,lyons & o!r places1 h[ _m labor]s 9 ! k+dom are r$uc$ to ! same extremities z myself8 ,x is evid5t t e holiday co/s ! /ate sev]al millions 7livres74 ,^! consid]ations w lead y to take m to he>t ! int]e/s ( ! p1 :i* are r too little att5d$ to4 ,i h ! honor to be1 etc41 ,,boc54 ,?is reque/1 :i* 0 really pres5t$1 w n be misplac$ 9 a "w l ! pres5t4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,! fea/ giv5 to ! ,roman p by ,julius ,cs> & ! emp]ors :o succe$$ him are well kn[n4 ,! fea/ ( tw5ty-two ?\s& tables s]v$ by tw5ty-two ?\s& purveyors2 ! naval fights on artificial lakes1 etc41 h n1 h[ev]1 be5 imitat$ by ! ,h]ulian1 ,lomb>d1 & ,franki% *iefta9s1 :o w\ld h _! fe/ivity equally celebrat$4 ,,f]r>a4 ,:at we h to say ( ,f]r>a has no relation to lit]ature1 b x has a v great "o to ju/ice1 :i* is mu* m necess>y ?an ! belles-lettres1 & mu* less cultivat$1 at lea/ 9 ,italy4 ,f]r>a 0 con/antly a fief ( ! empire1 l ,p>ma & ,plac5tia4 ,pope ,clem5t ,,viii4 robb$ ,cs> d',e/e ( x by =ce ( arms1 9 #aeig4 ,! pretext = ?is tyranny 0 a v s+ul> "o = a man :o call$ himself ! humble vic> ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,alphonso d',e/e1 ! fir/ ( ! "n1 sov]eign ( ,f]r>a1 ,mod5a1 ,e/e1 ,c>pio1 & ,rovigno1 esp\s$ a simple g5tlewoman ( ,f]r>a1 nam$ ,laura ,eu/o*ia1 by :om he _h ?ree *ildr5 be=e m>riage4 ,^! *ildr5 he solemnly ackn[l$g$ 9 ! face ( ! ,*ur*4 ,none ( ! =malities prescrib$ by ! laws 7 want+ at ?is recognition4 ,8 successor1 ,alphonso d',e/e1 0 ackn[l$g$ duke ( ,f]r>a2 he esp\s$ ,julia d',urb9o1 ! daught] ( ,francis1 duke d',urb9o1 by :om he _h ! un=tunate ,cs> d',e/e1 ! inconte/able heir ( all ! prop]ty ( all ! family1 & decl>$ s by ! la/ duke1 :o di$ ,octob] #bg1 #aeig4 ,pope ,clem5t ,,viii41 surnam$ ,aldobr&9o1 & orig9ally ( ! family ( a m]*ant ( ,flor5ce1 d>$ to pret5d t ! gr&mo!r ( ,cs> d',e/e 0 n suffici5tly noble1 & t ! *ildr5 t %e _h br\ght into ! _w ought to be consid]$ ba/>ds4 ,! fir/ reason is ridicul\s & sc&al\s 9 a bi%op1 ! second is unw>rantable 9 e tribunal 9 ,europe4 ,if ! duke 0 n legitimate1 he ought to h lo/ ,mod5a & 8 o!r /ates also2 & if !re 0 no flaw 9 8 title1 he ought to h kept ,f]r>a z well z ,mod5a4 ,! acquisition ( ,f]r>a 0 too f9e a ?+ = ! pope n to procure all ! decretals & decisions ( ^? brave !ologians1 :o decl>e t ! pope c r5d] j t :i* is unju/4 ,consequ5tly he fir/ excommunicat$ ,cs> d',e/e1 & z excommunication necess>ily deprives a man ( all 8 prop]ty1 ! common fa!r ( ! fai?ful rais$ 8 troops aga9/ ! excommunicat$1 to rob him ( 8 inh]itance 9 ! "n ( ! ,*ur*4 ,^! troops 7 defeat$1 b ! duke ( ,mod5a soon saw 8 f9ances exhau/$1 & 8 fri5ds become cool4 ,to make 8 case /ill m deplorable1 ! k+ ( ,france1 ,h5ry ,,iv41 believ$ himself oblig$ to take ! side ( ! pope1 9 ord] to balance ! cr$it ( ,philip ,,ii4 at ! c\rt ( ,rome2 9 ! same mann] t good ,k+ ,l\is ,,xii4 less excusably di%onor$ himself by unit+ ) t mon/] ,alex&] ,,vi41 & 8 execrable ba/>d1 ! duke ( ,borgia4 ,! duke 0 oblig$ to return1 & ! pope caus$ ,f]r>a to be invad$ by ,c>d9al ,aldobr&9o1 :o ent]$ ?is fl\ri%+ city at ! head ( a ?\s& horse & five ?\s& foot soldi]s4 ,x is a great pity t su* a man z ,h5ry ,,iv4 desc5d$ to ?is unwor?9ess :i* is call$ politic4 ,! ,catos1 ,metelluses1 ,scipios1 & ,fabriciuses w\ld n ?us h betray$ ju/ice to please a prie/--& su* a prie/6 ,f ?is "t ,f]r>a became a des]t2 its uncultivat$ soil 0 cov]$ ) /&+ m>%es4 ,?is prov9ce1 "u ! h\se ( ,e/e1 _h be5 "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ,italy2 ! p always regrett$ _! anci5t ma/]s4 ,x is true t ! duke 0 indemnifi$2 he 0 nom9at$ to a bi%opric & a b5efice2 he 0 ev5 furni%$ ) "s measures ( salt f ! m9es ( ,s]via4 ,b x is no less true t ! h\se ( ,mod5a has inconte/able & imprescriptable rights to ! du*y ( ,f]r>a1 ( :i* x 0 ?us %amefully despoil$4 ,n[1 my de> read]1 let u suppose t ?is sc5e took place at ! "t 9 :i* ,jesus ,*ri/ appe>$ to 8 apo/les aft] 8 resurrection1 & t ,simon ,b>jonas1 surnam$ ,pet]1 wi%$ to possess himself ( ! /ates ( ?is poor duke ( ,f]r>a4 ,imag9e ! duke com+ to ,be?any to dem& ju/ice ( ! ,"l ,jesus4 ,our ,"l s5ds imm$iately = ,pet] & says to him1 ,simon1 son ( ,jonas1 ,i h giv5 !e ! keys ( heav51 b ,i h n giv5 !e ^? ( ! e>?4 ,because ?\ ha/ be5 told t ! heav5s surr\nd ! globe1 & t ! conta9$ is 9 ! conta9+1 do/ ?\ imag9e t k+doms "h bel[ belong to !e1 & t ?\ ha/ only to possess ?yself ( :atev] ?\ like/8 ,i h already =bidd5 !e to draw ! sword4 ,?\ appe>e/ to me a v /range comp\nd2 at "o "t cutt+ (f ! e> ( ,mal*us1 & at ano!r ev5 d5y+ me4 ,be m l5i5t & decor\s1 & take nei!r ! prop]ty nor ! e>s ( any "o = fe> ( ?9e own4 ,,fev]4 ,x is n z a physician1 b z a pati5t1 t ,i wi% to say a ^w or two on fev]4 ,we _c help n[ & !n speak+ ( our enemies2 & ?is "o has be5 attack+ me = m ?an tw5ty ye>s2 n ,frron himself has be5 m implacable4 ,i ask p>don ( ,syd5ham1 :o def9$ fev] to be an ef=t ( nature1 labor+ ) all its p[] to expel ! peccant matt]4 ,we might ?us def9e smallpox1 measles1 di>rha1 vomit+s1 cutane\s eruptions1 & tw5ty o!r diseases4 ,b1 if ?is physician def9$ ill1 he practis$ well4 ,he cur$1 because he _h exp]i5ce1 & he knew h[ to wait4 ,bo]haave says1 9 8 ,aphorisms3 ,a m frequ5t opposition1 & an increas$ resi/ance ab\t ! capill>y vessels1 give an absolute idea ( an acute fev]4 ,^! are ! words ( a great ma/]2 b he sets out ) ackn[l$g+ t ! nature ( fev] is pr(\ndly hidd54 ,he does n tell u :at t secret pr9ciple is :i* develops itself at regul> p]iods 9 int]mitt5t fev]--:at t int]nal poison is1 :i*1 aft] ! lapse ( a day1 is r5ew$--:]e t flame is1 :i* dies & revives at /at$ mom5ts4 ,we "k fairly well t we are liable to fev] aft] excess1 or 9 unseasonable wea!r4 ,we "k t qu99e1 judici\sly adm9i/]$1 w cure x4 ,?is is q en\gh2 ! h[ we d n "k4 ,e animal t does n p]i% sudd5ly dies by fev]4 ,! fev] seems to be ! inevitable effect ( ! fluids t compose ! blood1 or t :i* is 9 ! place ( blood4 ,! /ructure ( e animal proves to natural philosoph]s t x mu/1 at all times1 h enjoy$ a v %ort life4 ,!ologians h held1 z h promulgat$ o!r op9ions4 ,x is n = u to exam9e ?is "q4 ,! philosoph]s & physicians h be5 "r 9 s5su humano1 & ! !ologians1 9 s5su div9o4 ,x is said 9 ,deut]onomy1 xxviii1 #bb1 t if ! ,jews d n s]ve ! law !y %all be smitt5 ) a consumption1 & ) a fev]1 & ) an inflammation1 & ) an extreme burn+4 ,x is only 9 ,deut]onomy1 & 9 ,molire's ,physician 9 ,spite ( ,himself1 t p h be5 ?reat5$ ) fev]4 ,x seems impossible t fev] %\ld n be an accid5t natural to an animate body1 9 :i* s _m fluids circulate2 j z x is impossible = an animate body n to be cru%$ by ! fall+ ( a rock4 ,blood makes life2 x furni%es ! visc]a1 ! limbs1 ! sk91 ! v extremities ( ! hairs & nails ) ! fluids1 ! humors prop] = !m4 ,?is blood1 by :i* ! animal has life1 is =m$ by ! *yle4 ,dur+ pregnancy ?is *yle is transmitt$ f ! ut]us to ! *ild1 &1 aft] ! *ild is born1 ! milk ( ! nurse produces ?is same *yle4 ,! great] div]sity ( alim5ts x aft]w>ds receives1 ! m ! *yle is liable to be s\r$4 ,?is alone =m+ ! blood1 & ?is blood1 compos$ ( s _m diff]5t humors s subject to corruption1 circulat+ ?r\gh ! :ole human body m ?an five hundr$ & fifty times 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 ) ! rapidity ( a torr5t1 x is n only a/oni%+ t fev] is n m frequ5t1 x is a/oni%+ t man lives4 ,9 e articulation1 9 e gl&1 9 e passage1 !re is dang] ( dea?2 b !re are also z _m succors z !re are dang]s4 ,almo/ e membrane ext5ds or contracts z occasion requires4 ,all ! ve9s h sluices :i* op5 & %ut1 giv+ passage to ! blood & prev5t+ a return1 by :i* ! ma*9e w\ld be de/roy$4 ,! blood1 ru%+ ?r\gh all ^! canals1 purifies itself4 ,x is a riv] t c>ries ) x a ?\s& impurities2 x dis*>ges itself by p]spiration1 by transpiration1 by all ! secretions4 ,fev] is itself a succor2 x is a rectification :5 x does n kill4 ,man1 by 8 reason1 accel]ates ! cure by adm9i/]+ bitt]s1 &1 above all1 by regim54 ,?is reason is an o> ) :i* he may r[ = "s "t on ! sea ( ! _w :5 disease does n swall[ him up4 ,x is ask$3 ,h[ is x t nature has ab&on$ ! animals1 h] "w1 to s _m horrible diseases1 almo/ always accompani$ by fev]8 ,h[ & :y is x t s _m disord]s exi/ ) s mu* ord]1 =mation1 & de/ruction ev]y:]e1 side by side8 ,?is is a difficulty t (t5 gives me a fev]1 b ,i beg y w read ! lett]s ( ,memmius4 ,!n1 p]haps1 y w be incl9$ to suspect t ! incompreh5sible artific] ( vegetables1 animals1 & worlds1 hav+ made all = ! be/1 c\ld n h made any?+ bett]4 ,,fiction4 ,is n a fiction1 :i* tea*es new & int]e/+ tru?s1 a f9e ?+8 ,d y n admire ! ,arabian /ory ( ! sultan :o w\ld n believe t a little "t c\ld appe> long1 & :o disput$ ) 8 d]vi% on ! nature ( duration8 ,! latt] to conv9ce him ( x1 begg$ him only to plunge 8 head = a mom5t into ! bas9 9 :i* he 0 wa%+4 ,imm$iately ! sultan f9ds himself transport$ into a frightful des]t2 he is oblig$ to labor to get a livelihood2 he m>ries1 & has *ildr5 :o gr[ up & ill treat him2 f9ally he returns to 8 c\ntry & 8 palace & he !re f9ds ! d]vi% :o has caus$ him to suff] s _m evils = five & tw5ty ye>s4 ,he is ab\t to kill him1 & is only appeas$ :5 he is assur$ t all pass$ 9 ! mom5t 9 :i*1 ) 8 eyes %ut1 he put 8 head into ! wat]4 ,y /ill m admire ! fiction ( ! loves ( ,dido & neas1 :i* caus$ ! mortal hatr$ betwe5 ,c>?age & ,rome1 z also t :i* exhibits 9 ,elysium ! de/9ies ( ! great m5 ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,y also l t ( ,alc9a1 9 ,ario/o1 :o possesses ! dignity ( ,m9]va ) ! beauty ( ,v5us1 :o is s *>m+ to ! eyes ( h] lov]s1 :o intoxicates !m ) voluptu\s delights1 & unites all ! loves & graces1 b :o1 :5 %e is at la/ r$uc$ to h] true self & ! en*antm5t has pass$ away1 is no?+ m ?an a little %rivell$1 disgu/+1 old woman4 ,z to fictions :i* repres5t no?+1 tea* no?+1 & f :i* no?+ results1 are !y any?+ m ?an falsities8 ,& if !y are incoh]5t & heap$ toge!r )\t *oice1 are !y any?+ bett] ?an dreams8 ,y w possibly tell me t !re are anci5t fictions :i* are v incoh]5t1 )\t +5uity1 & ev5 absurd1 :i* are /ill admir$2 b is x n r ow+ to ! f9e images :i* are scatt]$ ov] ^! fictions ?an to ! inv5tions :i* introduce !m8 ,i w n dispute ! po9t1 b if y w\ld be hiss$ at by all ,europe1 & aft]w>ds =gott5 =ev]1 write fictions simil> to ^? :i* y admire4 ,,fi]t4 ,fi]t is "o ( ^? expressions1 :i*1 hav+ be5 orig9ally employ$ 9 an (f5sive s5se1 are aft]w>ds us$ 9 a favorable "o4 ,x is c5sure :5 ?is ^w signifies high-fl[n1 pr\d1 haughty1 & disda9ful4 ,x is almo/ praise :5 x means ! l(t9ess ( a noble m9d4 ,x is a j eulogium on a g5]al :o m>*es t[>ds ! enemy ) fi]t4 ,writ]s h prais$ ! fi]t ( ! gait ( ,l\is ,,xiv42 !y %\ld h cont5t$ !mselves ) rem>k+ its nobl5ess4 ,fi]t1 )\t dignity1 is a m]it incompatible ) mode/y4 ,x is only fi]t 9 air & mann]s :i* (f5ds2 x !n displeases1 ev5 9 k+s4 ,fi]t ( mann] 9 society is ! expression ( pride2 fi]t ( s\l is greatness4 ,! di/9ctions are s nice t a pr\d _s is deem$ blamable1 :ile a pr\d s\l is a !me ( praise4 ,by ! =m] is und]/ood "o :o ?9ks advantage\sly ( himself :ile ! latt] d5otes "o :o ent]ta9s elevat$ s5tim5ts4 ,fi]t1 ann\nc$ by ! ext]ior1 is s great a fault t ! weak1 :o abjectly praise x 9 ! great are oblig$ to s(t5 x1 or r to extol x1 by speak+ ( ?is noble fi]t4 ,x is n simply vanity1 :i* consi/s 9 sett+ a value ^u little ?+s2 x is n presumption1 :i* believes itself capable ( great ones2 x is n disda91 :i* adds contempt ( o!rs to a great op9ion ( self2 b x is intimately alli$ to all ^! faults4 ,?is ^w is us$ 9 romances1 poetry1 & above all1 9 op]as1 to express ! sev]ity ( female mode/y4 ,we meet ) va9 fi]t1 vigor\s fi]t1 etc4 ,poets are1 p]haps1 m 9 ! "r ?an !y imag9e4 ,! fi]t ( a woman is n only rigid mode/y & love ( duty1 b ! high value :i* %e sets ^u h] beauty4 ,! fi]t ( ! p5cil is sometimes spok5 ( to signify free & fe>less t\*es4 ,,figure4 ,e "o desir\s ( in/ruction %\ld read ) att5tion all ! articles 9 ! ,dictionnaire ,encyclopdique1 "u ! head ,figure1 viz43 ,figure ( ! ,e>?1 by ,m4 d',alemb]t--a "w bo? cle> & pr(\nd1 9 :i* we f9d all t c be kn[n on ! subject4 ,figure ( ,rhetoric1 by ,cs> ,dum>sais--a piece ( in/ruction :i* tea*es at once to ?9k & to write2 &1 l _m o!r articles1 make u regret t "y p 9 g5]al h n a conv5i5t opportunity ( read+ ?+s s useful4 ,human ,figure1 z relat+ to pa9t+ & sculpture--an excell5t lesson giv5 to e arti/1 by ,m4 ,watelet4 ,figure1 9 physiology--a v +5i\s article1 by ,m4 de ,cab]oles4 ,figure1 9 ari?metic & 9 algebra--by ,m4 ,mallet4 ,figure1 9 logic1 9 metaphysics1 & 9 polite lit]ature1 by ,m4 le ,*evali] de ,jauc\rt--a man sup]ior to ! philosoph]s ( antiquity1 inasmu* z he has pref]r$ retirem5t1 real philosophy1 & indefatigable labor1 to all ! advantages t 8 bir? might h procur$ him1 9 a c\ntry :]e bir? is set above all beside1 except+ money4 ,figure or ,=m ( ! ,e>?4 ,plato1 ,ari/otle1 ,erato/h5es1 ,posidonius1 & all ! geometricians ( ,asia1 ( ,egypt1 & ( ,greece1 hav+ ackn[l$g$ ! sph]icity ( our globe1 h[ did x happ5 t we1 = s long a "t1 imag9$ t ! e>? 0 a ?ird long] ?an x 0 broad1 & !nce d]iv$ ! t]ms longitude & latitude1 :i* cont9ually be> te/imony to our anci5t ignorance8 ,! rev]5ce due to ! ,bible1 :i* tea*es u s _m tru?s m necess>y & m sublime1 0 ! cause ( ?is1 our almo/ univ]sal error4 ,x _h be5 f\nd1 9 ,psalm ciii1 t ,god _h /ret*$ ! heav5s ov] ! e>? l a sk92 & z a sk9 is commonly long] ?an x is wide1 ! same 0 conclud$ ( ! e>?4 ,/4 ,a?anasius expresses himself z w>mly aga9/ good a/ronom]s z aga9/ ! p>tisans ( ,arius & ,eusebius4 ,let u1 says he1 /op ! m\?s ( ^? b>b>ians1 :o1 speak+ )\t pro(1 d>e to ass]t t ! heav5s also ext5d "u ! e>?4 ,! fa!rs consid]$ ! e>? z a great %ip1 surr\nd$ by wat]1 ) ! pr[ to ! ea/1 & ! /]n to ! we/4 ,we /ill f9d1 9 ,cosmos1 a "w ( ! f\r? c5tury1 a sort ( geographical *>t1 9 :i* ! e>? has ?is figure4 ,tortato1 bi%op ( ,avila1 ne> ! close ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 decl>es 9 8 comm5t>y on ,g5esis1 t ! ,*ri/ian fai? is %ak51 if ! e>? is believ$ to be r\nd4 ,columbus1 ,vespucius1 & ,magellan1 n hav+ ! fe> ( excommunication by ?is le>n$ bi%op be=e _! eyes1 ! e>? resum$ its rotundity 9 spite ( him4 ,!n man w5t f "o extreme to ! o!r1 & ! e>? 0 reg>d$ z a p]fect sph]e4 ,b ! error ( ! p]fect sph]e 0 ! mi/ake ( philosoph]s1 :ile t ( a long1 flat e>? 0 ! blund] ( idiots4 ,:5 once x began to be cle>ly kn[n t our globe revolves on its own axis e tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 x might h be5 inf]r$ f t alone t its =m c\ld n be absolutely r\nd4 ,n only does ! c5trifugal zone consid]ably raise ! wat]s 9 ! region ( ! equator1 by ! motion ( ! diurnal rotation1 b !y are moreov] elevat$ ab\t tw5ty-five feet1 twice a day1 by ! tides2 ! l&s ab\t ! equator mu/ !n be p]fectly inundat$4 ,b !y are n s2 !re=e ! region ( ! equator is mu* m elevat$1 9 proportion1 ?an ! re/ ( ! e>?3 !n ! e>? is a sph]oid elevat$ at ! equator1 & _c be a p]fect sph]e4 ,?is pro(1 simple z x is1 _h escap$ ! greate/ g5iuses3 because a univ]sal prejudice r>ely p]mits inve/igation4 ,we "k t1 9 #agfb1 9 a voyage to ,cay5ne1 ne> ! l9e1 und]tak5 by ord] ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 "u ! auspices ( ,colb]t1 ! patron ( all ! arts1 ,ri*]1 among _m o!r obs]vations1 f\nd t ! oscillations or vibrations ( 8 timepiece did n cont9ue s frequ5t z 9 ! latitude ( ,p>is1 & t x 0 absolutely necess>y to %ort5 ! p5dulum "o l9e & some?+ m ?an a qu>t]4 ,physics & geometry 7 at t "t n ne>ly s mu* cultivat$ z !y n[ are2 :at man w\ld h believ$ t an obs]vation s trivial 9 appe>ance1 a l9e m or less1 c\ld lead to ! k ( ! greate/ physical tru?s8 ,x 0 fir/ ( all discov]$ t ! weight mu/ necess>ily be less on ! equator ?an 9 our latitudes1 s9ce weight alone causes ! oscillation ( a p5dulum4 ,consequ5tly1 ! weight ( bodies be+ ! less ! f>!r !y are f ! c5tre ( ! e>?1 x 0 inf]r$ t ! region ( ! equator mu/ be mu* m elevat$ ?an our own--mu* m remote f ! c5tre2 s ! e>? c\ld n be an exact sph]e4 ,_m philosoph]s act$1 on ! occasion ( ^! discov]ies1 z all m5 act :5 an op9ion is to be *ang$--!y disput$ on ,ri*]'s exp]im5t2 !y pret5d$ t our p5dulums made _! vibrations m sl[ly ab\t ! equator only because ! metal 0 l5g!n$ by ! heat2 b x 0 se5 t ! heat ( ! mo/ burn+ summ] l5g!ns x b "o l9e 9 ?irty feet2 & "h 0 an elongation ( a l9e & a qu>t]1 a l9e & a half1 or ev5 two l9es1 9 an iron rod1 only ?ree feet & eight l9es long4 ,"s ye>s aft] ,,mm4 ,v>91 ,de%ayes1 ,feuille1 & ,c\plet1 repeat$ ! same exp]im5t on ! p5dulum1 ne> ! equator2 & x 0 always f\nd necess>y to %ort5 x1 al?\gh ! heat 0 v (t5 less on ! l9e ?an fifte5 or tw5ty degrees f x4 ,?is exp]im5t 0 aga9 confirm$ by ! academicians :om ,l\is ,,xv4 s5t to ,p]u2 & :o 7 oblig$1 on ! m\nta9s ab\t ,quito1 :]e x froze1 to %ort5 ! second p5dulum ab\t two l9es4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 ! academicians :o w5t to measure an arc ( ! m]idian 9 ! nor?1 f\nd t at ,pello1 )9 ! ,pol> circle1 x 0 necess>y to l5g!n ! p5dulum1 9 ord] to h ! same oscillations z at ,p>is3 consequ5tly weight is great] at ! pol> circle ?an 9 ! latitude ( ,france1 z x is great] 9 our latitude ?an at ! equator4 ,weight be+ great] 9 ! nor?1 ! nor? 0 !re=e ne>] ! c5tre ( ! e>? ?an ! equator2 !re=e ! e>? 0 flatt5$ at ! poles4 ,nev] did reason+ & exp]im5t s fully concur to e/abli% a tru?4 ,! celebrat$ ,huyg5s1 by calculat+ c5trifugal =ces1 _h prov$ t ! consequ5t dim9ution ( weight on ! surface ( a sph]e 0 n great en\gh to expla9 ! ph5om5a1 & t !re=e ! e>? mu/ be a sph]oid flatt5$ at ! poles4 ,newton1 by ! pr9ciples ( attraction1 _h f\nd ne>ly ! same relations3 only x mu/ be obs]v$1 t ,huyg5s believ$ ?is =ce inh]5t 9 bodies det]m9+ !m t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! globe1 to be ev]y:]e ! same4 ,he _h n yet se5 ! discov]ies ( ,newton2 s t he consid]$ ! dim9ution ( weight by ! !ory ( c5trifugal =ces only4 ,! effect ( c5trifugal =ces dim9i%es ! primitive gravity on ! equator4 ,! small] ! circles 9 :i* ?is c5trifugal =ce is ex]cis$ become1 ! m x yields to ! =ce ( gravity2 ?us1 at ! pole itself ! c5trifugal =ce be+ null1 mu/ leave ! primitive gravity 9 full action4 ,b ?is pr9ciple ( a gravity always equal1 falls to no?+ be=e ! discov]y made by ,newton1 t a body transport$1 = in/ance1 to ! di/ance ( t5 diamet]s f ! c5tre ( ! e>?1 w\ld weigh "o hundr$ times less ?an at ! di/ance ( "o diamet]4 ,x is !n by ! laws ( gravitation1 comb9$ ) ^? ( ! c5trifugal =ce1 t ! real =m ( ! e>? mu/ be %[n4 ,newton & ,gregory _h su* confid5ce 9 ?is !ory t !y did n hesitate to advance t exp]im5ts on weight 7 a sur] means ( kn[+ ! =m ( ! e>? ?an any geographical measurem5t4 ,l\is ,,xiv4 _h signaliz$ 8 reign by t m]idian :i* 0 drawn ?r\gh ,france3 ! illu/ri\s ,dom9ico ,cass9i _h begun x ) 8 son2 & _h1 9 #agja1 drawn f ! feet ( ! ,pyr5ees to ! obs]vatory a l9e z /raight z x c\ld be drawn1 consid]+ ! almo/ insurm\ntable ob/acles :i* ! height ( m\nta9s1 ! *anges ( refraction 9 ! air1 & ! alt]+ ( in/rum5ts 7 con/antly oppos+ to ! execution ( s va/ & delicate an und]tak+2 he _h1 9 #agja1 measur$ six degrees eighte5 m9utes ( t m]idian4 ,b1 f :atev] cause ! error might proce$1 he _h f\nd ! degrees t[>ds ,p>is1 t is t[>ds ! nor?1 %ort] ?an ^? t[>ds ! ,pyr5ees & ! s\?4 ,?is measurem5t gave ! lie bo? to ! !ory ( ,norwood & to ! new !ory ( ! e>? flatt5$ at ! poles4 ,yet ?is new !ory 0 beg9n+ to be s g5]ally receiv$ t ! academy's secret>y did n hesitate1 9 8 hi/ory ( #agja1 to say t ! new measurem5ts made 9 ,france prov$ ! e>? to be a sph]oid flatt5$ at ! poles4 ,! tru? 01 t ,dom9ico ,cass9i's measurem5t l$ to a conclusion directly opposite2 b1 z ! figure ( ! e>? _h n yet become a "q 9 ,france1 no "o at t "t 0 at ! tr\ble ( combat+ ?is false conclusion4 ,! degrees ( ! m]idian f ,colli\re to ,p>is 7 believ$ to be exactly measur$2 & ! pole1 :i* f t measurem5t mu/ necess>ily be elongat$1 0 believ$ to be flatt5$4 ,an eng9e]1 nam$ ,m4 de ,r\bais1 a/oni%$ at ?is conclusion1 demon/rat$ t1 by ! measurem5ts tak5 9 ,france1 ! e>? mu/ be an oblate sph]oid1 ( :i* ! m]idian pass+ ?r\gh ! poles mu/ be long] ?an ! equator1 ! poles be+ elongat$4 ,b ( all ! natural philosoph]s to :om he address$ 8 diss]tation1 n "o w\ld h x pr9t$2 because x seem$ t ! academy _h pron\nc$ x z too bold 9 an individual to raise 8 voice4 ,"s "t aft] ! error ( #agja 0 ackn[l$g$1 t :i* _h be5 said 0 unsaid2 & ! e>? 0 l5g!n$ by a j conclusion drawn f a false pr9ciple4 ,! m]idian 0 cont9u$ 9 ! same pr9ciple f ,p>is to ,dunkirk2 & ! degrees 7 /ill f\nd to gr[ %ort] z !y approa*$ ! nor?4 ,p 7 /ill mi/ak5 respect+ ! figure ( ! e>?1 z !y _h be5 conc]n+ ! nature ( light4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 "s ma!maticians :o 7 p]=m+ ! same op]ations 9 ,*9a 7 a/oni%$ to f9d a diff]5ce among _! degrees1 :i* !y _h expect$ to f9d alike2 & to discov]1 aft] _m v]ifications1 t !y 7 %ort] t[>ds ! nor? ?an t[>ds ! s\?4 ,?is accordance ( ! ma!maticians ( ,france ) ^? ( ,*9a 0 ano!r p[]ful reason = believ+ 9 ! oblate sph]oid4 ,9 ,france !y did /ill m2 !y measur$ p>allels to ! equator4 ,x is easily und]/ood t on an oblate sph]oid our degrees ( longitude mu/ be %ort] ?an on a sph]e4 ,m4 de ,cass9i f\nd ! p>allel :i* passes ?r\gh ,/4 ,malo to be %ort] by "o ?\s& & ?irty-sev5 toises ?an x w\ld h be5 on a sph]ical e>?4 ,all ^! measurem5ts prov$ t ! degrees _h be5 f\nd z x 0 wi%$ to f9d !m4 ,!y ov]turn$1 = a "t1 9 ,france1 ! demon/rations ( ,newton & ,huyg5s2 & x 0 no long] d\bt$ t ! poles 7 ( a =m precisely contr>y to t :i* _h at fir/ be5 attribut$ to !m4 ,9 %ort1 no?+ at all 0 kn[n ab\t ! matt]4 ,at l5g?1 o!r academicians1 :o _h visit$ ! pol> circle 9 #agcf1 hav+ f\nd1 by new measurem5ts1 t ! degree 0 long] !re ?an 9 ,france1 p d\bt$ betwe5 !m & ! ,cass9is4 ,b ^! d\bts 7 soon aft] remov$3 = ^! same a/ronom]s1 return+ f ! pole1 exam9$ afre% ! degree to ! nor? ( ,p>is1 measur$ by ,pic>d1 9 #afgg1 & f\nd x to be a hundr$ & tw5ty-?ree toises long] ?an x 0 accord+ to ,pic>d's measurem5t4 ,if1 !n1 ,pic>d1 ) all 8 precautions1 _h made 8 degree "o hundr$ & tw5ty-?ree toises too %ort1 x 0 n at all unlikely t ! degrees t[>ds ! s\? _h 9 l mann] be5 f\nd too long4 ,?us ! fir/ error ( ,pic>d1 hav+ furni%$ ! f\ndations = ! measurem5ts ( ! m]idian1 also furni%$ an excuse = ! almo/ inevitable errors :i* v good a/ronom]s might h committ$ 9 ! c\rse ( ^! op]ations4 ,un=tunately1 o!r m5 ( sci5ce f\nd t1 at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 ! degrees ( ! m]idian did n agree ) ours4 ,o!r measurem5ts1 tak5 9 ,italy1 likewise contradict$ ^? ( ,france1 & all 7 falsifi$ by ^? ( ,*9a4 ,p aga9 began to d\bt1 & to suspect1 9 my op9ion q reasonably1 t ! e>? _h protub]ances4 ,z = ! ,engli%1 ?\gh !y are fond ( travell+1 !y sp>$ !mselves ! fatigue1 & held fa/ _! !ory4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 "o diamet] & ! o!r is n m ?an five or six ( our leagues--a diff]5ce imm5se 9 ! eyes ( a disputant1 b almo/ imp]ceptible to ^? :o consid] ! measurem5t ( ! globe only 9 ref]5ce to ! purposes ( utility :i* x may s]ve4 ,a geograph] c\ld sc>cely make ?is diff]5ce p]ceptible on a map2 nor w\ld a pilot be able to discov] :e!r he 0 /e]+ on a sph]oid or on a sph]e4 ,yet !re h be5 m5 bold en\gh to ass]t t ! lives ( navigators dep5d$ on ?is "q4 ,oh quack]y6 w y sp>e no degrees--n ev5 ^? ( ! m]idian8 ,,figur$--,,figurative4 ,we say1 a tru? figur$ by a fable1 by a p>able2 ! *ur* figur$ by ! "y sp\se 9 ,solomon's ,song2 anci5t ,rome figur$ by ,babylon4 ,a figurative /yle is con/itut$ by metaphorical expressions1 figur+ ! ?+s spok5 (--& disfigur+ !m :5 ! metaphors are n correct4 ,ard5t imag9ation1 passion1 desire--frequ5tly deceiv$--produce ! figurative /yle4 ,we d n admit x into hi/ory1 = too _m metaphors are hurtful1 n only to p]spicuity1 b also to tru?1 by say+ m or less ?an ! ?+ itself4 ,9 didactic works1 ?is /yle %\ld be reject$4 ,x is mu* m out ( place 9 a s]mon ?an 9 a fun]al oration1 because ! s]mon is a piece ( in/ruction 9 :i* ! tru? is to be ann\nc$2 :ile ! fun]al oration is a decl>ation 9 :i* x is to be exagg]at$4 ,! poetry ( en?usiasm1 z ! epopee & ! ode1 is t to :i* ?is /yle is be/ adapt$4 ,x is less admissible 9 trag$y1 :]e ! dialogue %\ld be natural z well z elevat$2 & /ill less 9 com$y1 :]e ! /yle mu/ be m simple4 ,! limits to be set to ! figurative /yle1 9 ea* k9d1 are det]m9$ by ta/e4 ,baltas> ,gracian says1 t our ?\ghts dep>t f ! va/ %ores ( memory1 emb>k on ! sea ( imag9ation1 arrive 9 ! h>bor ( intellig5ce1 & are ent]$ at ! cu/om h\se ( ! und]/&+4 ,?is is precisely ! /yle ( ,h>lequ94 ,he says to 8 ma/]1 ,! ball ( y\r comm&s has reb\nd$ f ! racquet ( my ob$i5ce4 ,mu/ x n be own$ t su* is frequ5tly t ori5tal /yle :i* p try to admire8 ,ano!r fault ( ! figurative /yle is ! accumulat+ ( incoh]5t figures4 ,a poet1 speak+ ( "s philosoph]s1 has call$ !m3 ,d'ambitieux pygmes ,qui sur leurs pi$s va9em5t r$resss ,et sur des monts d'argum5s entasss ,de j\r en j\r sup]bes ,encelades1 ,vont r$\blant leurs folles escalades4 ,:5 philosoph]s are to be writt5 aga9/1 x %\ld be done bett]4 ,h[ d ambiti\s pygmies1 re>$ on _! h9d legs on m\nta9s ( argum5ts1 cont9ue escalades8 ,:at a false & ridicul\s image6 ,:at elaborate dulness6 ,9 an allegory by ! same au?or1 entitl$ ! ,liturgy ( ,cy!rea1 we f9d ^! l9es3 ,de t\tes p>ts1 aut\r de l'inconnue1 ,ils vont tomb] comme grle m5ue1 ,moissons des curs sur la t]re jon*s1 ,et des ,dieux mme son *> atta*s4 ,de p> ,v5us n\s v5ons cette affaire ,si s'en ret\rne aux cieux dans son srail1 ,en rum9ant comm5t il p\rra faire ,p\r ram5] la brebis au b]cail4 ,"h we h h>ve/s ( he>ts ?r[n on ! gr\nd l small hail2 & among ^! he>ts palpitat+ on ! gr\nd1 are gods b\nd to ! c> ( ! unkn[n2 :ile love1 s5t by ,v5us1 rum9ates 9 8 s]aglio 9 heav51 :at he %all d to br+ back to ! fold ?is lo/ mutton surr\nd$ by scatt]$ he>ts4 ,all ?is =ms a figure at once s false1 s pu]ile1 & s incoh]5t--s disgu/+1 s extravagant1 s /upidly express$1 t we are a/oni%$ t a man1 :o made good v]ses ( ano!r k9d1 & 0 n devoid ( ta/e1 c\ld write any?+ s mis]ably bad4 ,figures1 metaphors1 are n necess>y 9 an allegory2 :at has be5 inv5t$ ) imag9ation may be told ) simplicity4 ,plato has m allegories ?an figures2 he (t5 expresses !m elegantly & )\t o/5tation4 ,ne>ly all ! maxims ( ! anci5t ori5tals & ( ! ,greeks 7 9 ! figurative /yle4 ,all ^? s5t5ces are metaphors1 or %ort allegories2 & 9 !m ! figurative /yle has great effect 9 r\s+ ! imag9ation & impress+ ! memory4 ,we "k t ,py?agoras said1 ,9 ! tempe/ adore ! e*o1 t is1 dur+ civil broils retire to ! c\ntry2 & ,/ir n ! fire ) ! sword1 mean+1 d n irritate m9ds already inflam$4 ,9 e language1 !re are _m common prov]bs :i* are 9 ! figurative /yle4 ,,figure ,,9 ,,!ology4 ,x is q c]ta91 & is agre$ by ! mo/ pi\s m51 t figures & allegories h be5 c>ri$ too f>4 ,"s ( ! fa!rs ( ! *ur* reg>d ! piece ( r$ clo?1 plac$ by ! c\rtesan ,rahab at h] w9d[1 = a signal to ,jo%ua's spies1 z a figure ( ! blood ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,?is is an error ( an ord] ( m9d :i* w\ld f9d my/]y 9 ev]y?+4 ,nor c x be d5i$ t ,/4 ,ambrose made v bad use ( 8 ta/e = allegory1 :5 he says1 9 8 book ( ,noah & ! ,ark1 t ! back door ( ! ark 0 a figure ( our h9d] p>ts4 ,all m5 ( s5se h ask$ h[ x c be prov$ t ^! ,hebrew words1 mah]1 salas-has-has1 7take quick ! spoils7 are a figure ( ,jesus ,*ri/8 ,h[ is ,judah1 ty+ 8 ass to a v9e1 & wa%+ 8 cloak 9 ! w9e1 also a figure ( ,him4 ,h[ c ,ru?1 slipp+ into b$ to ,boaz1 figure ! *ur*1 h[ are ,s>ah & ,ra*el ! *ur*1 & ,hag> & ,leah ! synagogue8 ,h[1 d ! kisses ( ! ,%unamite typify ! m>riage ( ! *ur*8 ,a volume might be made ( ^! enigmas1 :i*1 to ! be/ !ologians ( lat] times1 h appe>$ to be r f>-fet*$ ?an edify+4 ,! dang] ( ?is abuse is fully admitt$ by ,abb ,fleury1 ! au?or ( ! ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory4 ,x is a ve/ige ( rabb9ism2 a fault into :i* ! le>n$ ,/4 ,j]ome nev] fell4 ,x is l oneiromancy1 or ! explanation ( dreams4 ,if a girl sees muddy wat]1 :5 dream+1 %e w be ill-m>ri$2 if %e sees cle> wat]1 %e w h a good husb&2 a spid] d5otes money1 etc4 ,9 %ort1 w enlight5$ po/]ity believe x8 ,! und]/&+ ( dreams has1 = m ?an f\r ?\s& ye>s1 be5 made a s]i\s /udy4 ,symbolical ,figures4 ,all nations h made use ( !m1 z we h said 9 ! article emblem4 ,b :o began8 ,0 x ! ,egyptians8 ,x is n likely4 ,we ?9k we h already m ?an once prov$ t ,egypt is a c\ntry q new1 & t _m ages 7 requisite to save ! c\ntry f inundations1 & r5d] x habitable4 ,x is impossible t ! ,egyptians %\ld h inv5t$ ! signs ( ! zodiac1 s9ce ! figures d5ot+ our se$-"t & h>ve/ _c co9cide ) !irs4 ,:5 we cut our corn1 _! l& is cov]$ ) wat]2 & :5 we s[1 _! reap+ "t is approa*+4 ,?us ! bull ( our zodiac & ! girl be>+ e>s ( corn _c h come f ,egypt4 ,"h is also an evid5t pro( ( ! falsity ( ! new p>adox1 t ! ,*9ese are an ,egyptian colony4 ,! *>act]s are n ! same4 ,! ,*9ese m>k ! c\rse ( ! sun by tw5ty-eight con/ellations & ! ,egyptians1 aft] ! ,*aldans1 reckon$ only twelve1 l ourselves4 ,! figures t d5ote ! planets are 9 ,*9a & 9 ,india all diff]5t f ^? ( ,egypt & ( ,europe2 s are ! signs ( ! metals2 s is ! me?od ( guid+ ! h& 9 writ+4 ,no?+ c\ld h be5 m *im]ical ?an to s5d ! ,egyptians to p ,*9a4 ,all ^! fabul\s f\ndations1 laid 9 fabul\s times1 h caus$ an irrep>able loss ( "t to a prodigi\s multitude ( ! le>n$1 :o h all be5 bewild]$ 9 _! labori\s rese>*es1 :i* might h be5 s]viceable to mank9d if direct$ to arts ( real utility4 ,plu*e1 9 8 ,hi/ory1 or r 8 fable1 ( ! ,heav5s1 assures u t ,ham1 son ( ,noah1 w5t & reign$ 9 ,egypt1 :]e !re 0 nobody to reign ov]2 t 8 son ,m5es 0 ! greate/ ( legislators1 & t ,?o? 0 8 prime m9i/]4 ,accord+ to him & 8 au?orities1 ?is ,?o?1 or somebody else1 in/itut$ fea/s 9 honor ( ! deluge2 & ! joyful cry ( ,io ,bac*e1 s fam\s among ! ,greeks1 01 among ! ,egyptians1 a lam5tation4 ,bac*e came f ! ,hebrew beke signify+ sobs1 & t at a "t :5 ! ,hebrew p did n exi/4 ,accord+ to ?is explanation1 joy means sorr[1 & to s+ signifies to weep4 ,! ,iroquois h m s5se4 ,!y d n take ! tr\ble to inquire :at pass$ on ! %ores ( ,lake ,ont>io "s ?\s& ye>s ago3 in/ead ( mak+ sy/ems1 !y g hunt+4 ,! same au?ors affirm t ! sph9xes1 ) :i* ,egypt 0 adorn$1 signifi$ sup]abundance1 because "s int]pret]s h ass]t$ t ! ,hebrew ^w spang meant an excess2 z if ! ,egyptians _h tak5 lessons f ! ,hebrew tongue1 :i* is1 9 great "p1 d]iv$ f ! ,phnician3 besides1 :at relation has a sph9x to an abundance ( wat]8 ,future s*oolm5 w ma9ta91 ) great] appe>ance ( reason1 t ! masks :i* decorate ! key/ones ( our w9d[s are emblems ( our masqu]ades2 & t ^! fanta/ic ornam5ts ann\nc$ t balls 7 giv5 9 e h\se to :i* !y 7 affix$4 ,figure1 ,figurative1 ,allegorical1 ,my/ical1 ,topological1 ,typical1 etc4 ,?is is (t5 ! art ( f9d+ 9 books ev]y?+ b :at !y really conta94 ,= in/ance1 ,romulus kill+ 8 bro!r ,remus %all signify ! dea? ( ! duke ( ,b]ry1 bro!r ( ,l\is ,,xi42 ,regulus1 imprison$ at ,c>?age1 %all typify ,/4 ,l\is captive at ,mansurah4 ,x is v ju/ly rem>k$ 9 ! ,encyclopdia1 t _m fa!rs ( ! *ur* h1 p]haps1 c>ri$ ?is ta/e = allegorical figures a little too f>2 b !y are to be rev]5c$1 ev5 9 _! w&]+s4 ,if ! holy fa!rs us$ & !n abus$ ?is me?od1 _! little excesses ( imag9ation may be p>don$1 9 consid]ation ( _! holy zeal4 ,! antiquity ( ! usage may also be plead$ 9 ju/ification1 s9ce x 0 practis$ by ! e>lie/ philosoph]s4 ,b x is true t ! symbolical figures employ$ by ! fa!rs are 9 a diff]5t ta/e4 ,= example3 ,:5 ,/4 ,augu/9e wi%es to make x appe> t ! =ty-two g5]ations ( ! g5ealogy ( ,jesus are ann\nc$ by ,/4 ,mat!w1 :o gives only =ty-"o1 he says t ,je*onias mu/ be c\nt$ twice1 because ,je*onias is a corn]-/one belong+ to two walls2 t ^! two walls figure ! old & ! new law2 & t ,je*onias1 be+ ?us ! corn]-/one1 figures ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o is ! real corn]-/one4 ,! same sa9t1 9 ! same s]mon1 says t ! numb] =ty mu/ prevail2 & at once ab&ons ,je*onias & 8 corn]-/one1 c\nt$ z two4 ,! numb] =ty1 he says1 signifies life2 t51 :i* is p]fect beatitude1 be+ multipli$ by f\r1 :i*1 be+ ! numb] ( ! seasons1 figures "t4 ,aga91 9 ! same s]mon1 he expla9s :y ,/4 ,luke gives ,jesus ,*ri/ sev5ty-sev5 ance/ors3 fifty-six up to ! patri>* ,abraham1 & tw5ty-"o f ,abraham up to ,god himself4 ,x is true t1 accord+ to ! ,hebrew text1 !re w\ld be b sev5ty-six2 = ! ,hebrew does n reckon a ,ca9an1 :o is int]polat$ 9 ! ,greek translation call$ ,! ,septuag9t4 ,?us said ,augu/9e3 ,! numb] sev5ty-sev5 figures ! abolition ( all s9s by baptism4444 ! numb] t5 signifies ju/ice & beatitude1 result+ f1 ! creature1 :i* makes sev5 ) ! ,tr9ity1 :i* is ?ree3 !re=e x is t ,god's comm&m5ts are t5 9 numb]4 ,! numb] elev5 d5otes s91 because x transgresses t54444 ,?is numb] sev5ty-sev5 is ! product ( elev51 figur+ s91 multipli$ by sev51 & n by t51 = sev5 is ! symbol ( ! creature4 ,?ree repres5ts ! s\l1 :i* is 9 "s sort an image ( ! ,div9ity2 & f\r repres5ts ! body1 on acc\nt ( its f\r qualities4 ,9 ^! explanations1 we f9d "s trace ( ! cabali/ic my/]ies & ! quat]n>y ( ,py?agoras4 ,?is ta/e 0 v long 9 vogue4 ,/4 ,augu/9e goes mu* fur!r1 conc]n+ ! dim5sions ( matt]4 ,bread? is ! dilatation ( ! he>t1 :i* p]=ms good works2 l5g? is p]sev]ance2 dep? is ! hope ( rew>d4 ,he c>ries ! allegory v f>1 apply+ x to ! cross1 & draw+ great consequ5ces !refrom4 ,! use ( ^! figures _h pass$ f ! ,jews to ! ,*ri/ians long be=e ,/4 ,augu/9e's "t4 ,x is n = u to "k )9 :at b\nds x 0 "r to /op4 ,! examples ( ?is fault are innum]able4 ,no "o :o has /udi$ to advantage w haz>d ! introduction ( su* figures1 ei!r 9 ! pulpit or 9 ! s*ool4 ,we f9d no su* in/ances among ! ,romans or ! ,greeks1 n ev5 9 _! poets4 ,9 ,ovid's ,metamorphoses !mselves1 we f9d only +5i\s d$uctions drawn f fables :i* are giv5 z fables4 ,deucalion & ,pyrrha ?rew /ones beh9d !m betwe5 _! legs1 & m5 7 produc$ !refrom4 ,ovid says3 ,inde g5us durum sumus1 exp]i5sque laborum1 ,et docum5ta damus qua simus orig9e nati4 ,!nce we are a h>d5$ & labori\s race1 ,prov+ full well our /ony orig94 ,apollo loves ,daphne1 b ,daphne does n love ,apollo4 ,?is is because love has two k9ds ( arr[s2 ! "o gold5 & pi]c+1 ! o!r lead5 & blunt4 ,apollo has receiv$ 9 8 he>t a gold5 arr[1 ,daphne a lead5 "o4 ,ecce sagittif]a prompsit duo tela ph>etra ,div]sorum op]um2 fugat hoc1 facit illud amorem ,quod facit auratum e/1 et cuspide fulget acuta2 ,quod fugat obtusum e/1 et habet sub arund9e plumbum4444 ,two diff]5t %afts he f 8 quiv] draws2 ,"o to repel desire1 & "o to cause4 ,"o %aft is po9t$ ) refulg5t gold1 ,to bribe ! love1 & make ! lov] bold2 ,"o blunt & tipp$ ) lead1 ^: base allay ,provokes disda91 & drives desire away4--,,dryd54 ,^! figures are all +5i\s1 & deceive no "o4 ,t ,v5us1 ! goddess ( beauty1 %\ld n g unatt5d$ by ! ,graces1 is a *>m+ tru?4 ,^! fables1 :i* 7 9 ! m\?s ( all--^! allegories1 s natural & attractive--_h s mu* sway ov] ! m9ds ( m51 t p]haps ! fir/ ,*ri/ians imitat$ :ile !y oppos$ !m4 ,!y took up ! weapons ( my?ology to de/roy x1 b !y c\ld n wield !m ) ! same address4 ,!y did n reflect t ! sacr$ au/]ity ( our holy religion plac$ ^! res\rces out ( _! p[]1 & t a ,*ri/ian h& w\ld h dealt b awkw>dly ) ! lyre ( ,apollo4 ,h[ev]1 ! ta/e = ^! typical & prophetic figures 0 s firmly root$ t e pr9ce1 e /atesman1 e pope1 e f\nd] ( an ord]1 _h allegories or allusions tak5 f ! ,holy ,scriptures appli$ to him4 ,satire & flatt]y rivall$ ea* o!r 9 draw+ f ?is s\rce4 ,:5 ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii4 made a bloody crusade aga9/ ! c\rt ( ,t\l\se1 he 0 told1 ,innoc5s eris a mal$ictione4 ,:5 ! ord] ( ! ,m9imes 0 e/abli%$1 x appe>$ t _! f\nd] _h be5 =etold 9 ,g5esis3 ,m9imus cum patre no/ro4 ,! prea*] :o prea*$ be=e ,john ( ,au/ria aft] ! celebrat$ battle ( ,lepanto1 took = 8 text1 ,fuit homo missus a ,deo1 cui nom5 erat ,johannes2 ,a man s5t f ,god1 ^: "n 0 ,john2 & ?is allusion 0 v f9e1 if all ! re/ 7 ridicul\s4 ,x is said to h be5 repeat$ = ,john ,sobieski1 aft] ! deliv]ance ( ,vi5na2 b ?is latt] prea*] 0 no?+ m ?an a plagi>i/4 ,9 %ort1 s con/ant has be5 ?is cu/om t no prea*] ( ! pres5t day has ev] fail$ to take an allegory = 8 text4 ,"o ( ! mo/ happy in/ances is ! text ( ! fun]al oration ov] ! duke ( ,c&ale1 deliv]$ be=e 8 si/]1 :o 0 consid]$ a patt]n ( virtue3 ,die1 quia soror1 mea es1 ut mihi b5e ev5iat propt]1 te4--,say1 ,i pray !e1 t ?\ art my si/]1 t x may be well ) me = ?y sake4 ,x is n to be wond]$ at t ! ,cordeli]s c>ri$ ^! figures r too f> 9 favor ( ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi1 9 ! fam\s b little-kn[n book1 entitl$1 ,con=mities ( ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi ) ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,we f9d 9 x sixty-f\r pr$ictions ( ! com+ ( ,/4 ,francis1 "s 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 o!rs 9 ! ,new2 & ea* pr$iction conta9s ?ree figures1 :i* signify ! f\nd+ ( ! ,cordeli]s4 ,s t ^! fa!rs f9d !mselves =etold 9 ! ,bible a hundr$ & n9ety-two times4 ,f ,adam d[n to ,/4 ,paul1 ev]y?+ prefigur$ ! bless$ ,francis ( ,assisi4 ,! ,scriptures 7 giv5 to ann\nce to ! univ]se ! s]mons ( ,francis to ! quadrup$s1 ! fi%es1 & ! birds1 ! sport he _h ) a woman ( sn[1 8 frolics ) ! devil1 8 adv5tures ) bro!r ,elias & bro!r ,pacificus4 ,^! pi\s rev]ies1 :i* am\nt$ ev5 to blasphemy1 h be5 condemn$4 ,b ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,francis has n suff]$ by !m1 hav+ r5\nc$ ^! extravagancies s common to ! b>b>\s ages4 ,,f9al ,,causes4 ,,section ,i4 ,virgil says 7neid1 book vi4 #gbg73 ,m5s agitat molem et magno se corpore miscet4 ,?is active m9d infus$1 ?r\gh all ! space ,unites & m+les ) ! mighty mass4--,,dryd54 ,virgil said well3 & ,b5$ict ,sp9oza1 :o has n ! brilliancy ( ,virgil1 nor 8 m]it1 is compell$ to ackn[l$ge an intellig5ce presid+ ov] all4 ,_h he d5i$ ?is1 ,i %\ld h said to him3 ,b5$ict1 y are a fool2 y possess intellig5ce1 & y d5y x1 & to :om d y d5y x8 ,9 ! ye> #aggj1 !re appe>$ a man1 9 "s respects f> sup]ior to ,sp9oza1 z eloqu5t z ! ,jewi% ,holl&] is dry1 less me?odical1 b inf9itely m p]spicu\s2 p]haps equal to him 9 ma!matical sci5ce2 b )\t ! ridicul\s affectation ( apply+ ma!matical reason+s to metaphysical & moral subjects4 ,! man ,i mean is ! au?or ( ! ,sy/em ( ,nature4 ,he assum$ ! "n ( ,mirabaud1 ! secret>y ( ! ,fr5* ,academy4 ,alas6 ! wor?y secret>y 0 incapable ( writ+ a s+le page ( ! book ( our =midable oppon5t4 ,i w\ld recomm5d all y :o are dispos$ to avail y\rselves ( y\r reason & acquire in/ruction1 to read ! foll[+ eloqu5t ?\gh dang]\s passage f ! ,sy/em ( ,nature4 7,"p ,,ii4 v4 #aec47 ,x is cont5d$ t animals furni% u ) a conv9c+ evid5ce t !re is "s p[]ful cause ( _! exi/5ce2 ! admirable adaptation ( _! diff]5t p>ts1 mutually receiv+ & conf]r+ aid t[>ds accompli%+ _! functions1 & ma9ta9+ 9 heal? & vigor ! entire be+1 ann\nce to u an artific] unit+ p[] to wisdom4 ,( ! p[] ( nature1 x is impossible = u to d\bt2 %e produces all ! animals t we see by ! help ( comb9ations ( t matt]1 :i* is 9 incessant action2 ! adaptation ( ! p>ts ( ^! animals is ! result ( ! necess>y laws ( _! nature1 & ( _! comb9ation4 ,:5 ! adaptation ceases1 ! animal is necess>ily de/roy$4 ,:at !n becomes ( ! wisdom1 ! intellig5ce1 or ! goodness ( t alleg$ cause1 to :i* 0 ascrib$ all ! honor ( ?is boa/$ adaptation8 ,^? animals ( s wond]ful a /ructure z to be pron\nc$ ! works ( an immutable ,god1 d n !y und]go incessant *anges2 & d n !y end 9 decay & de/ruction8 ,:]e is ! wisdom1 ! goodness1 ! =e-sight1 ! immutability ( an artific]1 ^: sole object appe>s to be to d]ange & de/roy ! spr+s ( ^? ma*9es :i* are proclaim$ to be ma/]pieces ( 8 p[] & skill8 ,if ?is ,god _c act o!rwise ?an ?us1 he is nei!r free nor omnipot5t4 ,if 8 w *anges1 he is n immutable4 ,if he p]mits ma*9es1 :i* he has end[$ ) s5sibility1 to exp]i5ce pa91 he is defici5t 9 goodness4 ,if he has be5 unable to r5d] 8 productions solid & durable1 he is defici5t 9 skill4 ,p]ceiv+ z we d ! decay & ru9 n only ( all animals1 b ( all ! o!r works ( deity1 we _c b inevitably conclude1 ei!r t ev]y?+ p]=m$ 9 ! c\rse ( nature is absolutely necess>y--! unavoidable result ( its imp]ative & insup]able laws1 or t ! artific] :o impels h] v>i\s op]ations is de/itute ( plan1 ( p[]1 ( con/ancy1 ( skill1 & ( goodness4 ,man1 :o consid]s himself ! ma/]-"w ( ! ,div9ity1 supplies u m readily & completely ?an any o!r production1 ) evid5ce ( ! incapacity or malignity ( 8 pret5d$ au?or4 ,9 ?is be+1 possess$ ( feel+1 intuition1 & reason1 :i* consid]s itself z ! p]petual object ( div9e p>tiality1 & =ms its ,god on ! model ( itself1 we see a ma*9e m *angeable1 m frail1 m liable to d]angem5t f its extraord9>y complication1 ?an t ( ! co>se/ & grosse/ be+s4 ,bea/s1 :i* are de/itute ( our m5tal p[]s & acquirem5ts2 plants1 :i* m]ely vegetate2 /ones1 :i* are un5d[$ ) s5sation1 are1 9 _m respects1 be+s f> m favor$ ?an man4 ,!y are1 at lea/1 exempt f di/ress ( m9d1 f ! tortures ( ?\ght1 & corrosions ( c>e1 to :i* ! latt] is a victim4 ,:o w\ld n pref] be+ a m]e un9tellig5t animal1 or a s5seless /one1 :5 8 ?\ghts rev]t to ! irrep>able loss ( an object de>ly belov$8 ,w\ld x n be inf9itely m desirable to be an inanimate mass1 ?an ! gloomy vot>y & victim ( sup]/ition1 trembl+ "u ! pres5t yoke ( 8 diabolical deity1 & anticipat+ inf9ite torm5ts 9 a future exi/5ce8 ,be+s de/itute ( s5sation1 life1 memory1 & ?\ght exp]i5ce no affliction f ! idea ( :at is pa/1 pres5t1 or to come2 !y d n believe !re is any dang] ( incurr+ et]nal torture = inaccurate reason+2 :i* is believ$1 h[ev]1 by _m ( ^? favor$ be+s :o ma9ta9 t ! great ar*itect ( ! _w has creat$ ! univ]se = !mselves4 ,illu/ration3 ,,nature ,,is ,,n ,a ,,"w ,let u n be told t we h no idea ( a "w )\t hav+ t ( ! artific] di/+ui%$ f ! "w4 ,nature is n a "w4 ,%e has always exi/$ ( h]self4 ,e process takes place 9 h] bosom4 ,%e is an imm5se manufactory1 provid$ ) mat]ials1 & %e =ms ! in/rum5ts by :i* %e acts2 all h] works are effects ( h] own en]gy1 & ( ag5ts or causes :i* %e frames1 conta9s1 & impels4 ,et]nal1 uncreat$ elem5ts--elem5ts inde/ructible1 ev] 9 motion1 & comb9+ 9 exquisite & endless div]sity1 orig9ate all ! be+s & all ! ph5om5a t we behold2 all ! effects1 good or evil1 t we feel2 ! ord] or disord] :i* we di/+ui%1 m]ely by diff]5t modes 9 :i* !y affect ourselves2 &1 9 a ^w1 all ^? wond]s :i* excite our m$itation & conf\nd our reason+4 ,^! elem5ts1 9 ord] to effect objects ?us compreh5sive & important1 require no?+ beyond _! own prop]ties1 individual or comb9$1 & ! motion ess5tial to _! v exi/5ce2 & ?us preclude ! necessity ( recurr+ to an unkn[n artific]1 9 ord] to arrange1 m\ld1 comb9e1 pres]ve1 & dissolve !m4 ,b1 ev5 admitt+ = a mom5t1 t x is impossible to conceive ( ! univ]se )\t an artific] :o =m$ x1 & :o pres]ves & wat*es ov] 8 "w1 :]e %all we place t artific]8 ,%all he be )9 or )\t ! univ]se8 ,is he matt] or motion8 ,or is he m]e space1 no?+ness1 vacuity8 ,9 ea* ( ^! cases1 he w ei!r be no?+1 or he w be compreh5d$ 9 nature1 & subject$ to h] laws4 ,if he is 9 nature1 ,i ?9k ,i see 9 h] only matt] 9 motion1 & _c b !nce conclude t ! ag5t impell+ h] is corporeal & mat]ial1 & t he is consequ5tly liable to dissolution4 ,if ?is ag5t is out ( nature1 !n ,i h no idea ( :at place he c occupy1 nor ( an immat]ial be+1 nor ( ! mann] 9 :i* a _s1 )\t ext5sion1 c op]ate ^u ! matt] f :i* x is sep>at$4 ,^? unkn[n tracts ( space :i* imag9ation has plac$ beyond ! visible _w may be consid]$ z hav+ no exi/5ce = a be+ :o c sc>cely see to ! di/ance ( 8 own feet2 ! ideal p[] :i* inhabits !m c nev] be repres5t$ to my m9d1 unless :5 my imag9ation comb9es at r&om ! fanta/ic colors :i* x is always =c$ to employ 9 ! _w on :i* ,i am4 ,9 ?is case1 ,i %all m]ely reproduce 9 idea :at my s5ses h previ\sly actually p]ceiv$2 & t ,god1 :i* ,i1 z x 71 compel myself to di/+ui% f nature1 & to place beyond h] circuit1 w ev]1 9 opposition to all my ef=ts1 necess>ily )draw )9 x4 ,x w be obs]v$ & insi/$ ^u by "s t if a /atue or a wat* 7 %[n to a savage :o _h nev] se5 !m1 he w\ld inevitably ackn[l$ge t !y 7 ! productions ( "s intellig5t ag5t1 m p[]ful & +5i\s ?an himself2 & h5ce x w be inf]r$ t we are equally b\nd to ackn[l$ge t ! ma*9e ( ! univ]se1 t man1 t ! ph5om5a ( nature1 are ! productions ( an ag5t1 ^: intellig5ce & p[] are f> sup]ior to our own4 ,i answ]1 9 ! fir/ place1 t we _c possibly d\bt ei!r ! great p[] or ! great skill ( nature2 we admire h] skill z (t5 z we are surpris$ by ! ext5d$1 v>i$ & complicat$ effects :i* we f9d 9 ^? ( h] works t we take ! pa9s to inve/igate2 %e is n1 h[ev]1 ei!r m or less skilful 9 any "o ( h] works ?an 9 ! re/4 ,we no m compreh5d h[ %e c\ld produce a /one or a piece ( metal ?an h[ %e c\ld produce a head organiz$ l t ( ,newton4 ,we call t man skilful :o c p]=m ?+s :i* we are unable to p]=m ourselves4 ,nature c p]=m ev]y?+2 & :5 any?+ exi/s1 x is a pro( t %e 0 able to make x4 ,?us1 x is only 9 relation to ourselves t we ev] judge nature to be skilful2 we comp>e x 9 ^? cases ) ourselves2 &1 z we possess a quality :i* we call intellig5ce1 by ! aid ( :i* we produce works1 9 :i* we display our skill1 we !nce conclude t ! works ( nature1 :i* mu/ excite our a/oni%m5t & admiration1 are n 9 fact h]s1 b ! productions ( an artific]1 intellig5t l ourselves1 & ^: intellig5ce we proportion1 9 our m9ds1 to ! degree ( a/oni%m5t excit$ 9 u by 8 works2 t is1 9 fact1 to our own weakness & ignorance4 ,see ! reply to ^! argum5ts "u ! articles on ,a!ism & ,god1 & 9 ! foll[+ section1 writt5 long be=e ! ,sy/em ( ,nature4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,if a clock is n made 9 ord] to tell ! "t ( ! day1 ,i w !n admit t f9al causes are no?+ b *im]as1 & be cont5t to g by ! "n ( a f9al-cause-f9d]--9 pla9 language1 fool--to ! end ( my life4 ,all ! p>ts1 h[ev]1 ( t great ma*9e1 ! _w1 seem made = "o ano!r4 ,"s philosoph]s affect to d]ide f9al causes1 :i* 7 reject$1 !y tell u1 by ,epicurus & ,lucretius4 ,b x seems to me t ,epicurus & ,lucretius r m]it ! d]ision4 ,!y tell y t ! eye is n made to see2 b t1 s9ce x 0 f\nd out t eyes 7 capable ( be+ us$ = t purpose1 to t purpose !y h be5 appli$4 ,accord+ to !m1 ! m\? is n =m$ to speak & eat1 nor ! /oma* to dige/1 nor ! he>t to receive ! blood f ! ve9s & impel x ?r\gh ! art]ies1 nor ! feet to walk1 nor ! e>s to he>4 ,yet1 at ! same "t1 ^! v %rewd & consi/5t p]sons admitt$ t tailors made g>m5ts to clo! !m1 & masons built h\ses to lodge !m2 & ?us v5tur$ to d5y nature--! great exi/5ce1 ! univ]sal intellig5ce--:at !y conc$$ to ! mo/ insignificant artific]s employ$ by !mselves4 ,! doctr9e ( f9al causes ought c]ta9ly to be pres]v$ f be+ abus$4 ,we h already rem>k$ t ,m4 le ,prieur1 9 ! ,spectator ( ,nature1 cont5ds 9 va9 t ! tides 7 atta*$ to ! ocean to enable %ips to ent] m easily into _! ports1 & to pres]ve ! wat] f corruption2 he might j z probably & successfully h urg$ t legs 7 made to we> boots1 & noses to be> spectacles4 ,9 ord] to satisfy ourselves ( ! tru? ( a f9al cause1 9 any p>ticul> in/ance1 x is necess>y t ! effect produc$ %\ld be uni=m & inv>iably 9 "t & place4 ,%ips h n exi/$ 9 all times & ^u all seas2 accord+ly1 x _c be said t ! ocean 0 made = %ips4 ,x is impossible n to p]ceive h[ ridicul\s x w\ld be to ma9ta9 t nature _h toil$ on f ! v beg9n+ ( "t to adju/ h]self to ! inv5tions ( our =tuit\s & arbitr>y arts1 all ( :i* are ( s late a date 9 _! discov]y2 b x is p]fectly cle> t if noses 7 n made = spectacles1 !y 7 made = smell+1 & !re h be5 noses ev] s9ce !re 7 m54 ,9 ! same mann]1 h&s1 in/ead ( be+ be/[$ = ! sake ( gloves1 are visibly de/9$ = all ^? uses to :i* ! metac>pus1 ! phalanges ( ! f+]s1 & ! movem5ts ( ! circul> muscle ( ! wri/1 r5d] !m applicable by u4 ,cic]o1 :o d\bt$ ev]y?+ else1 _h no d\bt ab\t f9al causes4 ,x appe>s p>ticul>ly difficult to suppose t ^? p>ts ( ! human frame by :i* ! p]petuation ( ! species is conduct$ %\ld n1 9 fact1 h be5 int5d$ & de/9$ = t purpose1 f _! me*anism s truly admirable1 & ! s5sation :i* nature has connect$ ) x m admirable /ill4 ,epicurus w\ld be at lea/ oblig$ to admit t pleasure is div9e1 & t t pleasure is a f9al cause1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* be+s1 end[$ ) s5sibility1 b :o c\ld nev] h communicat$ x to !mselves1 h be5 incessantly introduc$ into ! _w z o!rs h pass$ away f x4 ,?is philosoph]1 ,epicurus1 0 a great man = ! age 9 :i* he liv$4 ,he saw t ,desc>tes d5i$ :at ,gass5di affirm$ & :at ,newton demon/rat$--t motion _c exi/ )\t a vacuum4 ,he conceiv$ ! necessity ( atoms to s]ve z con/itu5t p>ts ( inv>iable species4 ,^! are philosophical ideas4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 0 m respectable ?an ! morality ( g5u9e ,epicureans2 x consi/$ 9 seque/ration f public affairs1 :i* are incompatible ) wisdom1 & 9 fri5d%ip1 )\t :i* life is b a burd54 ,b z to ! re/ ( ! philosophy ( ,epicurus1 x appe>s n to be m admissible ?an ! groov$ or tubul> matt] ( ,desc>tes4 ,x is1 z x appe>s to me1 wilfully to %ut ! eyes & ! und]/&+1 & to ma9ta9 t !re is no design 9 nature2 & if !re is design1 !re is an intellig5t cause--!re exi/s a ,god4 ,"s po9t u to ! irregul>ities ( our globe1 ! volcanoes1 ! pla9s ( mov+ s&1 "s small m\nta9s swall[$ up 9 ! ocean1 o!rs rais$ by e>?quakes1 etc4 ,b does x foll[ f ! naves ( y\r *>iot :eel tak+ fire1 t y\r *>iot 0 n made expressly = ! purpose ( convey+ y f "o place to ano!r8 ,! *a9s ( m\nta9s :i* cr[n bo? hemisph]es1 & m ?an six hundr$ riv]s :i* fl[ f ! foot ( ^! rocks t[>ds ! sea2 ! v>i\s /reams t swell ^! riv]s 9 _! c\rses1 aft] f]tiliz+ ! fields ?r\gh :i* !y pass2 ! innum]able f\nta9s :i* spr+ f ! same s\rce1 :i* supply necess>y refre%m5t1 & gr[?1 & beauty to animal & vegetable life2 all ?is appe>s no m to result f a =tuit\s conc\rse & an obliquity ( atoms1 ?an ! ret9a :i* receives ! rays ( light1 or ! cry/all9e humor :i* refracts x1 or ! drum ( ! e> :i* admits s\nd1 or ! circulation ( ! blood 9 our ve9s1 ! sy/ole & dia/ole ( ! he>t1 ! regulat+ pr9ciple ( ! ma*9e ( life4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,x w\ld appe> t a man mu/ be suppos$ to h lo/ 8 s5ses be=e he c d5y t /oma*s are made = dige/ion1 eyes to see1 & e>s to he>4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a man mu/ h a s+ul> p>tiality = f9al causes1 to ass]t t /one 0 made = build+ h\ses1 & t silkworms are produc$ 9 ,*9a t we may we> sat9s 9 ,europe4 ,b1 x is urg$1 if ,god has evid5tly done "o ?+ by design1 he has !n done all ?+s by design4 ,x is ridicul\s to admit ,provid5ce 9 ! "o case & to d5y x 9 ! o!rs4 ,ev]y?+ t is done 0 =ese51 0 arrang$4 ,!re is no arrangem5t )\t an object1 no effect )\t a cause2 all1 !re=e1 is equally ! result1 ! product ( ! f9al cause2 x is1 !re=e1 z correct to say t noses 7 made to be> spectacles1 & f+]s to be adorn$ ) r+s1 z to say t ! e>s 7 =m$ to he> s\nds1 ! eyes to receive light4 ,all t ?is objection am\nts to1 9 my op9ion1 is t ev]y?+ is ! result1 ne>] or m remote1 ( a g5]al f9al cause2 t ev]y?+ is ! consequ5ce ( et]nal laws4 ,:5 ! effects are inv>iably ! same 9 all times & places1 & :5 ^! uni=m effects are indep5d5t ( ! be+s to :i* !y atta*1 !n !re is visibly a f9al cause4 ,all animals h eyes & see2 all h e>s & he>2 all h m\?s ) :i* !y eat2 /oma*s1 or some?+ simil>1 by :i* !y dige/ _! food2 all h suitable means = expell+ ! fces2 all h ! organs requisite = ! cont9uation ( _! species2 & ^! natural gifts p]=m _! regul> c\rse & process )\t any application or int]mixture ( art4 ,"h are f9al causes cle>ly e/abli%$2 & to d5y a tru? s univ]sal w\ld be a p]v]sion ( ! faculty ( reason4 ,b /ones1 9 all times & places1 d n con/itute ! mat]ials ( build+s4 ,all noses d n be> spectacles2 all f+]s d n c>ry a r+2 all legs are n cov]$ ) silk /ock+s4 ,a silkworm1 !re=e1 is n made to cov] my legs1 exactly z y\r m\? is made = eat+1 & ano!r "p ( y\r p]son = ! g>d]obe4 ,!re are1 !re=e1 we see1 imm$iate effects produc$ f f9al causes1 & effects ( a v num]\s description1 :i* are remote productions f ^? causes4 ,ev]y?+ belong+ to nature is uni=m1 immutable1 & ! imm$iate "w ( its au?or4 ,x is he :o has e/abli%$ ! laws by :i* ! moon contributes ?ree-f\r?s to ! cause ( ! flux & reflux ( ! ocean1 & ! sun ! rema9+ f\r?4 ,x is he :o has giv5 a rotatory motion to ! sun1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* t orb communicates its rays ( light 9 ! %ort space ( sev5 m9utes & a half to ! eyes ( m51 crocodiles1 & cats4 ,b if1 aft] a c\rse ( ages1 we />t$ ! inv5tions ( %e>s & spits1 to clip ! wool ( %eep ) ! "o1 & ) ! o!r to roa/ 9 ord] to eat !m1 :at else c be inf]r$ f su* circum/ances1 b t ,god =m$ u 9 su* a mann] t1 at "s "t or o!r1 we c\ld n avoid becom+ +5i\s & c>nivor\s8 ,%eep1 und\bt$ly1 7 n made expressly to be roa/$ & eat51 s9ce _m nations ab/a9 f su* food ) horror4 ,mank9d are n creat$ ess5tially to massacre "o ano!r1 s9ce ! ,brahm9s1 & ! respectable primitives call$ ,quak]s1 kill no "o4 ,b ! clay out ( :i* we are knead$ frequ5tly produces massacres1 z x produces calumnies1 vanities1 p]secutions1 & imp]t95ces4 ,x is n precisely t ! =mation ( man is ! f9al cause ( our madnesses & follies1 = a f9al cause is univ]sal1 & inv>iable 9 e age & place2 b ! horrors & absurdities ( ! human race are n at all ! less includ$ 9 ! et]nal ord] ( ?+s4 ,:5 we ?re% our corn1 ! flail is ! f9al cause ( ! sep>ation ( ! gra94 ,b if t flail1 :ile ?re%+ my gra91 cru%es to dea? a ?\s& insects1 t occurs n by an express & det]m9ate act ( my w1 nor1 on ! o!r h&1 is x by m]e *ance2 ! insects 71 on ?is occasion1 actually "u my flail1 & c\ld n b be !re4 ,x is a consequ5ce ( ! nature ( ?+s t a man %\ld be ambiti\s2 t he %\ld enroll & discipl9e a numb] ( o!r m52 t he %\ld be a conqu]or1 or t he %\ld be defeat$2 b x c nev] be said t ! man 0 creat$ by ,god to be kill$ 9 w>4 ,! organs ) :i* nature has suppli$ u _c always be f9al causes 9 action4 ,! eyes :i* are be/[$ = see+ are n con/antly op54 ,e s5se has its season = repose4 ,!re are "s s5ses t are ev5 made no use (4 ,an imbecile & wret*$ female1 = example1 %ut up 9 a cloi/] at ! age ( f\rte5 ye>s1 m>s "o ( ! f9al causes ( h] exi/5ce2 b ! cause1 nev]!less1 equally exi/s1 & :5ev] x is free x w op]ate4 ,,f9esse1 ,,f95ess1 ,,etc4 ,( ! ,diff]5t ,significations ( ! ,^w4 ,f95ess ei!r 9 its prop] or its figurative s5se does n signify ei!r light1 sl5d]1 f9e1 or ( a r>e ?9 texture2 ?is ^w expresses some?+ delicate & f9i%$4 ,light clo?1 s(t l951 ?9 lace1 or sl5d] galloon1 are n always f9e4 ,?is ^w has a relation to ! v]b to f9i%1 :5ce come ! f9i%+s ( art2 ?us1 we say1 ! f9i%+s ( ,v&]w]ff's p5cil or ( ,mi]is2 we say1 a f9e horse1 f9e gold1 a f9e diamond4 ,a f9e horse is oppos$ to a clumsy "o2 ! f9e diamond to a false "o2 f9e or ref9$ gold to gold mix$ ) alloy4 ,f95ess is g5]ally appli$ to delicate ?+s & lightness ( manufacture4 ,al?\gh we say a f9e horse1 we seldom say1 ! f95ess ( a horse4 ,we speak ( ! f95ess ( hair1 lace1 or /uff4 ,:5 by ?is ^w we %\ld express ! fault or wrong use ( any?+1 we add ! adv]b too2 z--,?is ?read is brok51 x 0 too f9e2 ?is /uff is too f9e = ! season4 ,f95ess or f9esse1 9 a figurative s5se1 applies to conduct1 spee*1 & works ( m9d4 ,9 conduct1 f9esse always expresses1 z 9 ! arts1 some?+ delicate or subtile2 x may sometimes exi/ )\t ability1 b x is v r>ely unaccompani$ by a little deception2 politics admit x1 & society reproves x4 ,f9esse is n exactly subtlety2 we draw a p]son into a sn>e ) f9esse2 we escape f x ) subtlety4 ,we act ) f9esse1 & we play a subtle trick4 ,di/ru/ is inspir$ by an unsp>+ use ( f9esse2 yet we almo/ always deceive ourselves if we too g5]ally suspect x4 ,f9esse1 9 works ( wit1 z 9 conv]sation1 consi/s 9 ! art ( n express+ a ?\ght cle>ly1 b leav+ x s z to be easily p]ceiv$4 ,x is an enigma to :i* p ( s5se readily f9d ! solution4 ,a *ancellor "o day (f]+ 8 protection to p>liam5t1 ! fir/ presid5t turn+ t[>ds ! assembly1 said3 ,g5tlem51 ?ank ! *ancellor2 he has giv5 u m ?an we dem&$ ( him--a v witty repro(4 ,f9esse1 9 conv]sation & writ+1 diff]s f delicacy2 ! fir/ applies equally to piquant & agreeable ?+s1 ev5 to blame & praise2 & /ill m to indec5cies1 ov] :i* a veil is drawn1 ?r\gh :i* we _c p5etrate )\t a blu%4 ,bold ?+s may be said ) f9esse4 ,delicacy expresses s(t & agreeable s5tim5ts & +5i\s praise2 ?us f9esse belongs m to epigram1 & delicacy to madrigal4 ,x is delicacy :i* ent]s into a lov]'s jeal\sies1 & n f9esse4 ,! praises giv5 to ,l\is ,,xiv4 by ,despraux are n always equally delicate2 satires are n always suffici5tly +5i\s 9 ! way ( f9esse4 ,:5 ,iphig5ia1 9 ,rac9e1 has receiv$ f h] fa!r ! ord] nev] to see ,a*illes m1 %e cries3 ,dieux plus d\x1 v\s n'aviez dem& que ma vie6--,m g5tle gods1 y only ask my life6 ,! true "* ( ?is p>takes r ( delicacy ?an ( f9esse4 ,,fire4 ,,section ,i4 ,is fire any?+ m ?an an elem5t :i* lights1 w>ms1 & burns u8 ,is n light always fire1 ?\gh fire is n always light8 ,& is n ,bo]haave 9 ! "r8 ,is n ! pure/ fire extract$ f our combu/ibles1 always gross1 & p>tak+ ( ! bodies consum$1 & v diff]5t f elem5t>y fire8 ,h[ is fire di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t nature1 ( :i* x is ! s\l8 ,ignis ubique latet1 naturam amplectitur omnem1 ,cuncta p>it1 r5ovat1 dividit1 unit1 alit4 ,:y did ,newton1 9 speak+ ( rays ( light1 always say1 ,de natura radiorum lucis1 utrum corpora s9t necne non disputamus2 )\t exam9+ :e!r !y 7 bodies or n8 ,did he only speak geometrically8 ,9 t case1 ?is d\bt 0 useless4 ,x is evid5t t he d\bt$ ( ! nature ( elem5t>y fire1 & d\bt$ ) reason4 ,is elem5t>y fire a body l o!rs1 z e>? & wat]8 ,if x 0 a body ( ?is k9d1 w\ld x n gravitate l all o!r matt]8 ,w\ld x escape f ! lum9\s body 9 ! "r l9e8 ,w\ld x h a uni=m progression8 ,& :y does light nev] move out ( a "r l9e :5 x is unimp$$ 9 its rapid c\rse8 ,may n elem5t>y fire h prop]ties ( matt] little kn[n to u1 & prop]ties ( sub/ance entirely s8 ,may x n be a m$ium betwe5 matt] & sub/ances ( ano!r k9d8 ,& :o c say t !re are n a million ( ^! sub/ances8 ,i d n say t !re are1 b ,i say x is n prov$ t !re may n be4 ,x 0 v difficult to believe ab\t a hundr$ ye>s ago t bodies act$ ^u "o ano!r1 n only )\t t\*+1 & )\t emission1 b at great di/ances2 x is1 h[ev]1 f\nd to be true1 & is no long] d\bt$4 ,at pres5t1 x is difficult to believe t ! rays ( ! sun are p5etrable by ea* o!r1 b :o kn[s :at may happ5 to prove x8 ,h[ev] t may be1 ,i wi%1 = ! novelty ( ! ?+1 t ?is incompreh5sible p5etrability c\ld be admitt$4 ,light has some?+ s div9e t we %\ld endeavor to make x a /ep to ! discov]y ( sub/ances /ill m pure4 ,come to my aid1 ,emp$ocles & ,democritus2 come & admire ! wond]s ( electricity2 see if ! sp>ks :i* trav]se a ?\s& bodies 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye are ( ord9>y matt]2 judge if elem5t>y fire does n contract ! he>t1 & communicate t w>m? :i* gives life6 ,judge if ?is elem5t is n ! s\rce ( all s5sation1 & if s5sation is n ! orig9 ( ?\ght2 ?\gh ignorant & insol5t p$ants h condemn$ ! proposition1 z "o :i* %\ld be p]secut$4 ,tell me1 if ! ,supreme ,be+1 :o presides ov] all nature1 _c =ev] pres]ve ^! elem5t>y atoms :i* he has s r>ely end[$8 ,igneus e/ ollis vigor et cle/is origo4 ,! celebrat$ ,le ,cat calls ?is vivify+ fluid an amphibi\s be+1 end[$ by its au?or ) a sup]ior ref9em5t :i* l9ks x to immat]ial be+s1 & !reby ennobles & elevates x into t m$ium nature :i* we recognize1 & :i* is ! s\rce ( all its prop]ties4 ,y are ( ! op9ion ( ,le ,cat8 ,i w\ld be s too if ,i c\ld2 b !re are s _m fools & villa9s t ,i d>e n4 ,i c only ?9k quietly 9 my own way at ,m\nt ,krapak4 ,let o!rs ?9k z well z !y are all[$ to ?9k1 :e!r at ,salamanca or ,b]gamo4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,:at is ,und]/ood by ,fire ,us$ ,figuratively4 ,fire1 p>ticul>ly 9 poetry1 (t5 signifies love1 & is employ$ m elegantly 9 ! plural ?an 9 ! s+ul>4 ,corneille (t5 says un beau feu = a virtu\s & noble love4 ,a man has fire 9 8 conv]sation2 t does n mean t he has brilliant & enlight5$ ideas1 b lively expressions animat$ by action4 ,fire 9 writ+ does n necess>ily imply lightness & beauty1 b vivacity1 multipli$ figures1 & spontane\s ideas4 ,fire is a m]it 9 spee* & writ+ only :5 x is well manag$4 ,x is said t poets are animat$ ) a div9e fire :5 !y are sublime2 g5ius _c exi/ )\t fire1 b fire may be possess$ )\t g5ius4 ,,firmness4 ,firmness comes f firm1 & has a diff]5t signification f solidity & h>dness2 a squeez$ clo?1 a beat5 negro1 h firmness )\t be+ h>d or solid4 ,x mu/ always be rememb]$ t modifications ( ! s\l c only be express$ by physical images2 we say firmness ( s\l1 & ( m9d1 :i* does n signify t !y are h>d] or m solid ?an usual4 ,firmness is ! ex]cise ( m5tal c\rage2 x means a decid$ resolution2 :ile ob/9acy1 on ! contr>y1 signifies bl9dness4 ,^? :o praise ! firmness ( ,tacitus are n s mu* 9 ! wrong z ,p4 ,b\h\rs pret5ds2 x is an accid5tal ill-*os5 t]m1 :i* expresses en]gy & /r5g? ( ?\ght & ( /yle4 ,x may be said t ,la ,bruyre has a firm /yle1 & t _m o!r writ]s h only a h>d "o4 ,,flatt]y4 ,i f9d n "o monum5t ( flatt]y 9 remote antiquity2 !re is no flatt]y 9 ,hesiod--none 9 ,hom]4 ,_! /ories are n address$ to a ,greek1 elevat$ to "s dignity1 nor to 8 lady2 z ea* canto ( ,?omson's ,seasons is d$icat$ to "s p]son ( rank1 or z s _m =gott5 epi/les 9 v]se h be5 d$icat$1 9 ,engl&1 to g5tlem5 or ladies ( quality1 ) a brief eulogy1 & ! arms ( ! patron or patroness plac$ at ! head ( ! "w4 ,nor is !re any flatt]y 9 ,demo/h5es4 ,?is way ( ask+ alms h>moni\sly began1 if ,i mi/ake n1 ) ,p9d>4 ,no h& c be /ret*$ out m emphatically4 ,x appe>s to me t among ! ,romans great flatt]y is to be dat$ f ! "t ( ,augu/us4 ,julius ,cs> _h sc>cely "t to be flatt]$4 ,!re is n1 extant1 any d$icatory epi/le to ,sulla1 ,m>ius1 or ,c>bo1 nor to _! wives1 or _! mi/resses4 ,i c well believe t v bad v]ses 7 pres5t$ to ,lucullus & ,pompey2 b1 ?ank ,god1 we d n h !m4 ,x is a great spectacle to behold ,cic]o equal 9 dignity to ,cs>1 speak+ be=e him z advocate = a k+ ( ,bi?ynia & ,less] ,arm5ia1 nam$ ,deiot>us1 accus$ ( lay+ ambuscades = him1 & ev5 design+ to assass9ate him4 ,cic]o beg9s ) ackn[l$g+ t he is disconc]t$ 9 8 pres5ce4 ,he calls him ! vanqui%] ( ! _w--victorem orbis t]r>um4 ,he flatt]s him2 b ?is adulation does n yet am\nt to bas5ess2 "s s5se ( %ame /ill rema9s4 ,b ) ,augu/us !re are no long] any b\nds2 ! s5ate decrees 8 apo!osis dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,"u ! succe$+ emp]ors ?is flatt]y becomes ! ord9>y tribute1 & is no long] any?+ m ?an a /yle4 ,x is impossible to flatt] any "o1 :5 ! mo/ extravagant adulation has become ! ord9>y curr5cy4 ,9 ,europe1 we h _h no great monum5ts ( flatt]y be=e ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,8 fa!r1 ,l\is ,,xiii41 _h v little inc5se (f]$ him4 ,we f9d no m5tion ( him1 except 9 "o or two ( ,malh]be's odes4 ,!re1 inde$1 accord+ to cu/om1 he is call$ ?\ greate/ ( k+s--z ! ,spani% poets say to ! k+ ( ,spa91 & ! ,engli% poets 7laureate7 to ! k+ ( ,engl&2 b ! bett] "p ( ! poet's praises is be/[$ on ,c>d9al ,ri*elieu1 ^: s\l is great & fe>less2 :o practises s well ! heal+ art ( gov]nm5t1 & :o kn[s h[ to cure all our evils3 ,dont l'me t\te gr&e e/ une me h>de1 ,qui pratique si bi5 l'art de n\s sec\rir1 ,que1 p\rvu qu'il soit cru1 n\s n'avons maladie1 ,qu'il ne sa*e gurir4 ,^u ,l\is ,,xiv4 flatt]y came 9 a deluge4 ,b he 0 n l ! man said to h be5 smo!r$ by ! rose leaves heap$ ^u him2 on ! contr>y1 he ?riv$ ! m4 ,flatt]y1 :5 x has "s plausible pretext1 may n be s p]nici\s z x has be5 ?\ght2 x sometimes enc\rages to great acts2 b its excess is vici\s1 l ! excess ( satire4 ,la ,fonta9e says1 & pret5ds to say x aft] sop3 ,on ne peut trop l\] trois sortes de p]sonnes2 ,les dieux1 sa maitresse1 et son roi4 sope le disait2 j'y s\scris quant moi2 ,ces sont maximes t\j\rs bonnes4 ,y\r flatt]y to ?ree sorts ( folks apply3-- ,y _c say too civil ?+s ,to gods1 to mi/resses1 & k+s2 ,s hone/ sop said--& s say ,i4 ,hone/ sop said no su* ?+2 nor d we f9d t he flatt]$ any k+1 or any concub9e4 ,x mu/ n be ?\ght t k+s are 9 reality flatt]$ by all ! flatt]ies t are heap$ ^u !m2 = ! great] numb] nev] rea* !m4 ,"o common folly ( orators is t ( exhau/+ !mselves 9 prais+ "s pr9ce :o w nev] he> ( _! praises4 ,b :at is mo/ lam5table ( all is t ,ovid %\ld h prais$ ,augu/us ev5 :ile he 0 dat+ de ,ponto4 ,! p]fection ( ! ridicul\s might be f\nd 9 ! complim5ts :i* prea*]s address to k+s1 :5 !y h ! happ9ess ( exhibit+ be=e _! maje/ies4--,to ! rev]5d ,fa!r ,gaill>d1 prea*] to ! k+4 ,ah6 mo/ rev]5d fa!r1 d y prea* only = ! k+8 ,are y l ! monkey at ! fair1 :i* leaps only = ! k+8 ,,=ce 7,,physical74 ,:at is =ce8 ,:]e does x reside8 ,:5ce does x come8 ,does x p]i%8 ,or is x ev] ! same8 ,x has pleas$ u to d5om9ate =ce t weight :i* "o body ex]cises ^u ano!r4 ,"h is a ball ( two hundr$ p\nds' weight on ?is floor2 x presses ! floor1 y say1 ) a =ce ( two hundr$ p\nds4 ,& ?is y call a dead =ce4 ,b are n ^! words dead & =ce a little contradictory8 ,might we n z well say dead alive--yes & no at once8 ,?is ball weighs4 ,:5ce comes ?is weight8 & is ?is weight a =ce8 ,if ! ball 7 n imp$$1 w\ld x g directly to ! c5tre ( ! e>?8 ,:5ce has x ?is incompreh5sible prop]ty8 ,x is support$ by my floor2 & y freely give to my floor ! vis in]ti--in]ti signify+ inactivity1 impot5ce4 ,n[ is x n s+ul> t impot5ce %\ld be d5om9at$ =ce8 ,:at is ! liv+ =ce :i* acts 9 y\r arm & y\r leg8 ,:at is ! s\rce ( x8 ,h[ c x be suppos$ t ?is =ce exi/s :5 y are dead8 ,does x g & take up its abode else:]e1 z a man goes to ano!r h\se :5 8 own is 9 ru9s8 ,h[ c x h be5 said t !re is always ! same =ce 9 nature8 ,!re mu/1 !n1 h be5 always ! same numb] ( m51 or ( active be+s equival5t to m54 ,:y does a body 9 motion communicate its =ce to ano!r body ) :i* x comes 9 contact8 ,^! are que/ions :i* nei!r geometry1 nor me*anics1 nor metaphysics c answ]4 ,w\ld y arrive at ! fir/ pr9ciple ( ! =ce ( bodies1 & ( motion1 y mu/ asc5d to a /ill sup]ior pr9ciple4 ,:y is !re any?+8 ,,=ce--,,/r5g?4 ,^! words h be5 transplant$ f simple to figurative spee*4 ,!y are appli$ to all ! p>ts ( ! body t are 9 motion1 9 action--! =ce ( ! he>t1 :i* "s h made f\r hundr$ p\nds1 & "s ?ree ounces2 ! =ce ( ! visc]a1 ! lungs1 ! voice2 ! =ce ( ! arm4 ,! metaphor :i* has transport$ ^! words into morals has made !m express a c>d9al virtue4 ,/r5g?1 9 ?is s5se1 is ! c\rage to support adv]sity1 & to und]take virtu\s & difficult actions2 x is ! animi =titudo4 ,! /r5g? ( ! m9d is p5etration & dep?--+5ii vis4 ,nature gives x z %e gives t ( ! body2 mod]ate labor increases & excessive labor dim9i%es x4 ,! =ce ( an argum5t consi/s 9 a cle> exposition ( cle>ly-exhibit$ pro(s1 & a j conclusion2 ) ma!matical !orems x has no?+ to d2 because ! evid5ce ( a demon/ration c be made nei!r m nor less2 only x may be arriv$ at by a long] or a %ort] pa?--a simpl] or m complicat$ me?od4 ,x is 9 d\btful que/ions t ! =ce ( reason+ is truly applicable4 ,! =ce ( eloqu5ce is n m]ely a tra9 ( j & vigor\s reason+1 :i* is n incompatible ) dryness2 ?is =ce1 requires floridity1 /rik+ images1 & en]getic expressions4 ,?us x has be5 said1 t ! s]mons ( ,b\rdal\e h =ce1 ^? ( ,massillon m elegance4 ,v]ses may h /r5g?1 & want e o!r beauty4 ,! /r5g? ( a l9e 9 our language consi/s pr9cipally 9 say+ some?+ 9 ea* hemi/i*4 ,/r5g? 9 pa9t+ is ! expression ( ! muscles1 :i*1 by feel+ t\*es1 are made to appe> "u ! fle% t cov]s !m4 ,!re is too mu* /r5g? :5 ! muscles are too /rongly articulat$4 ,! attitudes ( ! combatants h great /r5g? 9 ! battles ( ,con/ant9e1 drawn by ,raphael & ,julio ,romano2 & 9 ^? ( ,cs>1 pa9t$ by ,lebrun4 ,inord9ate /r5g? is h>% 9 pa9t+ & bomba/ic 9 poetry4 ,"s philosoph]s h ass]t$ t =ce is a prop]ty inh]5t 9 matt]2 t ea* invisible p>ticle1 or r monad1 is end[$ ) an active =ce2 b x w\ld be z difficult to demon/rate ?is ass]tion z x w\ld be to prove t :it5ess is a quality inh]5t 9 matt]1 z ! ,trv\x diction>y says 9 ! article ,inh]5t4 ,! /r5g? ( e animal has arriv$ at ! highe/ :5 ! animal has atta9$ its full gr[?4 ,x decreases :5 ! muscles no long] receive ! same quantity ( n\ri%m5t3 & ?is quantity ceases to be ! same :5 ! animal spirits no long] communicate to ! muscles _! accu/om$ motion4 ,x is probable t ! animal spirits are ( fire1 inasmu* z old m5 want motion & /r5g? 9 proportion z !y want w>m?4 ,,fran*ise4 ,a ^w :i* always gives an idea ( lib]ty 9 :atev] s5se x is tak52 a ^w d]iv$ f ! ,franks1 :o 7 always free4 ,x is s anci5t1 t :5 ! ,cid besieg$ & took ,tol$o1 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 fran*ies or fran*ises 7 giv5 to all ! ,fr5* :o w5t on ?is exp$ition1 & :o e/abli%$ !mselves at ,tol$o4 ,all wall$ cities _h fran*ises1 lib]ties1 & privileges1 ev5 9 ! greate/ an>*y ( feudal p[]4 ,9 all c\ntries possess+ assemblies or /ates1 ! sov]eign swore1 on 8 accession1 to gu>d _! lib]ties4 ,?is "n1 :i* has be5 giv5 g5]ally to ! rights ( ! p1 to immunities1 & to sanctu>ies or asylums1 has be5 m p>ticul>ly appli$ to ! qu>t]s ( ! ambassadors ( ! c\rt ( ,rome4 ,x 0 a plot ( gr\nd ar\nd _! palaces1 :i* 0 l>g] or small] accord+ to ! w ( ! ambassador4 ,! gr\nd 0 an asylum = crim9als1 :o c\ld n be !re pursu$4 ,?is fran*ise 0 re/rict$1 "u ,innoc5t ,,xi4 to ! inside ( _! palaces4 ,*ur*es & conv5ts _h ! same privileges 9 ,italy1 b n 9 o!r /ates4 ,!re are 9 ,p>is sev]al places ( sanctu>y1 9 :i* debtors _c be seiz$ = _! debts by common ju/ice1 & :]e me*anics c pursue _! trades )\t be+ freem54 ,me*anics h ?is privilege 9 ! ,faub\rg ,/4 ,anto9e1 b x is n an asylum l ! ,temple4 ,! ^w fran*ise1 :i* usually expresses ! lib]ties ( a nation1 city1 or p]son1 is sometimes us$ to signify lib]ty ( spee*1 ( c\nsel1 or ( a law proce$+2 b !re is a great diff]5ce betwe5 speak+ ) frankness & speak+ ) lib]ty4 ,9 a spee* to a sup]ior1 lib]ty is a /udi$ or excessive boldness--frankness out/epp+ its j b\nds4 ,to speak ) lib]ty is to speak )\t fe>2 to speak ) frankness is to conduct y\rself op5ly & nobly4 ,to speak ) too mu* lib]ty is to become audaci\s2 to speak ) too mu* frankness is to be too op5-he>t$4 ,,francis ,,xavi]4 ,x w\ld n be amiss to "k some?+ true conc]n+ ! celebrat$ ,francis ,xav]o1 :om we call ,xavi]1 surnam$ ! ,apo/le ( ! ,indies4 ,_m p /ill imag9e t he e/abli%$ ,*ri/ianty along ! :ole s\!rn coa/ ( ,india1 9 a score ( isl&s1 & above all 9 ,japan4 ,b ?irty ye>s ago1 ev5 a d\bt on ! subject 0 h>dly to be tol]at$ 9 ,europe4 ,! ,jesuits h n hesitat$ to comp>e him to ,/4 ,paul4 ,8 travels & miracles _h be5 writt5 9 "p by ,tursell9us & ,orl&9i1 by ,lev5a1 & by ,p>toli1 all ,jesuits1 b v little kn[n 9 ,france2 & ! less p 7 acqua9t$ ) ! details ! great] 0 8 reputation4 ,:5 ! ,jesuit ,b\h\rs compos$ 8 hi/ory1 he 7,b\h\rs7 0 consid]$ z a man ( v enlight5$ m9d1 & 0 liv+ 9 ! be/ company 9 ,p>is2 ,i d n mean ! company ( ,jesus1 b t ( m5 ( ! _w ! mo/ di/+ui%$ = intellect & k4 ,no "o wrote 9 a pur] or m unaffect$ /yle2 x 0 ev5 propos$ 9 ! ,fr5* ,academy t x %\ld trespass aga9/ ! rules ( its in/itution1 by receiv+ ,fa!r ,b\h\rs into its body4 ,he _h ano!r great advantage 9 ! influ5ce ( 8 ord]1 :i* !n1 by an almo/ inconceivable illusion1 gov]n$ all ,ca?olic pr9ces4 ,s\nd criticism 01 x is true1 beg9n+ to re> its head2 b its progress 0 sl[3 m5 71 9 g5]al1 m anxi\s to write ably ?an to write :at 0 true4 ,b\h\rs wrote ! lives ( ,/4 ,ignatius & ,/4 ,francis ,xavi] almo/ )\t enc\nt]+ a s+le objection4 ,ev5 8 comp>ison ( ,/4 ,ignatius to ,cs>1 & ,xavi] to ,alex&]1 pass$ )\t animadv]sion2 x 0 tol]at$ z a fl[] ( rhetoric4 ,i h se5 9 ! ,jesuit's college1 ,rue ,/4 ,jacques1 a picture twelve feet long & twelve high1 repres5t+ ,ignatius & ,xavi] asc5d+ to heav51 ea* 9 a magnific5t *>iot drawn by f\r milk-:ite horses2 & above1 ! ,et]nal ,fa!r1 adorn$ ) a f9e :ite be>d desc5d+ to ,8 wai/1 ) ,jesus & ! ,virg9 beside him2 ! ,holy ,gho/ b5ea? !m1 9 ! =m ( a dove2 & angels jo9+ _! h&s1 & b5d+ d[n to receive ,fa!r ,ignatius & ,fa!r ,xavi]4 ,_h anyone publicly made a je/ ( ?is picture1 ! rev]5d ,fa!r ,la ,*aise1 confessor to ! k+1 w\ld infallibly h _h ! sacrilegi\s sc(f] honor$ ) a lettre de ca*et4 ,x _c be d5i$ t ,francis ,xavi] is comp>able to ,alex&]1 inasmu* z !y bo? w5t to ,india--s is ,ignatius to ,cs>1 bo? hav+ be5 9 ,gaul4 ,b ,xavi]1 ! vanqui%] ( ! devil1 w5t f> beyond ,alex&]1 ! conqu]or ( ,d>ius4 ,h[ gratify+ x is to see him go+1 9 ! capacity ( a volunte] conv]t]1 f ,spa9 into ,france1 f ,france to ,rome1 f ,rome to ,lisbon1 & f ,lisbon to ,mozambique1 aft] mak+ ! t\r ( ,africa4 ,he /ays a long "t at ,mozambique1 :]e he receives f ,god ! gift ( prophecy3 he !n proce$s to ,mel9da1 :]e he disputes on ! ,koran ) ! ,mahometans1 :o d\btless und]/& 8 religion z well z he und]/&s !irs1 & :]e he ev5 f9ds caciques1 al?\gh !y are to be f\nd n[h]e b 9 ,am]ica4 ,! ,portuguese vessel arrives at ! isl& ( ,zocotora1 :i* is unque/ionably t ( ! ,amazons3 !re he conv]ts all ! isl&]s1 & builds a *ur*4 ,!nce he rea*es ,goa1 :]e he f9ds a pill> on :i* ,/4 ,?omas _h engrav$1 t "o day ,/4 ,xavi] %\ld come & re-e/abli% ! ,*ri/ian religion1 :i* _h fl\ri%$ ( old 9 ,india4 ,xavi] has no difficulty :atev] 9 p]us+ ! anci5t *>act]s1 :e!r ,indian or ,hebrew1 9 :i* ?is prophecy is express$4 ,he =?) takes up a h&-bell1 assembles all ! little boys ar\nd him1 expla9s to !m ! cre$1 & baptizes !m--b 8 great delight 0 to m>ry ! ,indians to _! mi/resses4 ,f ,goa he spe$s to ,cape ,comor91 to ! fi%+ coa/1 to ! k+dom ( ,travancore4 ,8 greate/ anxiety1 on arriv+ 9 any c\ntry1 is to quit x4 ,he emb>ks 9 ! fir/ ,portuguese %ip he f9ds1 :i!rsoev] x is b\nd1 x matt]s n to ,xavi]2 provid$ only t he is travell+ some:]e1 he is cont5t4 ,he is receiv$ ?r\gh *>ity1 & returns two or ?ree times to ,goa1 to ,co*91 to ,cori1 to ,negapatam1 to ,meliap\r4 ,a vessel is dep>t+ = ,malacca1 & ,xavi] accord+ly takes 8 passage = ,malacca1 9 great despair t he has n yet _h an opportunity ( see+ ,siam1 ,pegu1 & ,tonqu94 ,we f9d him 9 ! isl& ( ,sumatra1 at ,borneo1 at ,macass>1 9 ! ,moluccas1 & especially at ,t]nate & ,amboyna4 ,! k+ ( ,t]nate _h1 9 8 imm5se s]aglio1 a hundr$ wom5 9 ! capacity ( wives1 & sev5 or eight hundr$ 9 t ( concub9es4 ,! fir/ ?+ ,xavi] does is to turn !m all out4 ,please to obs]ve t ! isl& ( ,t]nate is two leagues across4 ,!nce f9d+ ano!r ,portugese vessel b\nd = ,ceylon1 he returns to ,ceylon1 :]e he makes v>i\s excursions to ,goa & to ,co*94 ,! ,portuguese 7 already trad+ to ,japan4 ,a %ip sails = t c\ntry3 ,xavi] takes c>e to emb>k 9 x1 & visits all ! ,japan isl&s4 ,9 %ort 7says ! ,jesuit ,b\h\rs71 ! :ole l5g? ( ,xavi]'s r\tes1 jo9$ toge!r1 w\ld rea* sev]al times ar\nd ! globe4 ,be x obs]v$1 t he set out on 8 travels 9 #aedb1 & di$ 9 #aeeb4 ,if he _h "t to le>n ! languages ( all ! nations he visit$1 x 0 no trifl+ miracle3 if he _h ! gift ( tongues1 x 0 a great] miracle /ill4 ,b un=tunately1 9 sev]al ( 8 lett]s1 he says t he is oblig$ to employ an int]pret]2 & 9 o!rs he ackn[l$ges t he f9ds extreme difficulty 9 le>n+ ! ,japanese language1 :i* he _c pron\nce4 ,! ,jesuit ,b\h\rs1 9 giv+ "s ( 8 lett]s1 has no d\bt t ,/4 ,francis ,xavi] _h ! gift ( tongues2 b he ackn[l$ges t he _h x n always4 ,he _h x1 says he1 on sev]al occasions2 =1 )\t hav+ le>n$ ! ,*9ese tongue1 he prea*$ to ! ,*9ese e morn+ at ,amangu*i1 :i* is ! capital ( a prov9ce 9 ,japan4 ,he mu/ h be5 p]fectly acqua9t$ ) all ! languages ( ! ,ea/2 = he made songs 9 !m ( ! ,pat]no/]1 ,ave-,m>ia1 & ,cr$o1 = ! in/ruction ( ! little boys & girls4 ,b ! be/ ( all is1 t ?is man1 :o _h occasion = a dragoman1 spoke e tongue at once1 l ! apo/les2 & :5 he spoke ,portuguese1 9 :i* language ,b\h\rs ackn[l$ges t ! sa9t expla9$ himself v ill1 ! ,indians1 ! ,*9ese1 ! ,japanese1 ! inhabitants ( ,ceylon & ( ,sumatra1 all und]/ood him p]fectly4 ,"o day 9 p>ticul>1 :5 he 0 prea*+ on ! immat]iality ( ! s\l1 ! motion ( ! planets1 ! eclipses ( ! sun & moon1 ! ra9b[1 s9 & grace1 p>adise & purgatory1 he made himself und]/ood to tw5ty p]sons ( diff]5t nations4 ,is x ask$ h[ su* a man c\ld make s _m conv]ts 9 ,japan8 ,! simple answ] is t he did n make any2 b o!r ,jesuits1 :o /aid a long "t 9 ! c\ntry1 by favor ( ! treaties betwe5 ! k+s ( ,portugal & ! emp]ors ( ,japan1 conv]t$ s _m p1 t a civil w> ensu$1 :i* is said to h co/ ! lives ( ne>ly f\r hundr$ ?\s& m54 ,?is is ! mo/ not$ prodigy t ! mission>ies h work$ 9 ,japan4 ,b ^? ( ,francis ,xavi] are n )\t _! m]it4 ,among 8 ho/ ( miracles1 we f9d no few] ?an eight *ildr5 rais$ f ! dead4 ,xavi]'s greate/ miracle1 says ! ,jesuit ,b\h\rs1 0 n 8 rais+ s _m ( ! dead to life1 b 8 n himself dy+ ( fatigue4 ,b ! pleasante/ ( 8 miracles is1 t hav+ dropp$ 8 crucifix into ! sea1 ne> ! isl& ( ,b>anura1 :i* ,i am incl9$ to ?9k 0 ! isl& ( ,b>at>ia1 a crab came1 f\r-&-tw5ty h\rs aft]1 br++ ! cane betwe5 its claws4 ,! mo/ brilliant ( all1 & aft] :i* no o!r des]ves to be relat$1 is t 9 a /orm :i* la/$ ?ree days1 he 0 con/antly 9 two %ips1 a hundr$ & fifty leagues ap>t1 & s]v$ "o ( !m z a pilot4 ,! tru? ( ?is miracle 0 atte/$ by all ! pass5g]s1 :o c\ld nei!r deceive nor be deceiv$4 ,yet all ?is 0 writt5 s]i\sly & ) success 9 ! age ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 9 ! age ( ! ,prov9cial ,lett]s1 ( ,rac9e's trag$ies1 ( ,bayle's ,diction>y1 & ( s _m o!r le>n$ works4 ,x w\ld appe> to be a sort ( miracle t a man ( s5se1 l ,b\h\rs1 %\ld h committ$ su* a mass ( extravagance to ! press1 if we did n "k to :at excesses m5 c be c>ri$ by ! corporate _s 9 g5]al1 & ! mona*al _s 9 p>ticul>4 ,we h m ?an two hundr$ volumes entirely 9 ?is ta/e1 compil$ by monks2 b :at is mo/ to be lam5t$ is1 t ! enemies ( ! monks also compile4 ,!y compile m agreeably1 & are read4 ,x is mo/ deplorable t1 9 n9ete5-tw5tie?s ( ,europe1 !re is no long] t pr(\nd respect & j v5]ation = ! monks :i* is /ill felt = !m 9 "s ( ! villages ( ,aragon & ,calabria4 ,! miracles ( ,/4 ,francis ,xavi]1 ! a*ievem5ts ( ,don ,quixote1 ! ,comic ,romance1 & ! convulsion>ies ( ,/4 ,m$>d1 h an equal claim on our admiration & rev]5ce4 ,aft] speak+ ( ,francis ,xavi] x w\ld be useless to discuss ! hi/ory ( ! o!r ,francises4 ,if y w\ld be in/ruct$ ?or\ghly1 consult ! con=mities ( ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi4 ,s9ce ! f9e hi/ory ( ,/4 ,francis ,xavi] by ! ,jesuit ,b\h\rs1 we h _h ! hi/ory ( ,/4 ,francis ,rgis by ! ,jesuit ,daub5ton1 confessor to ,philip ,v4 ( ,spa93 b ?is is small-be] aft] br&y4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ! bless$ ,rgis1 !re is n ev5 a s+le resuscitation4 ,,franks--,,france--,,fr5* ,italy has always pres]v$ its "n1 not)/&+ ! pret5d$ e/abli%m5t ( neas1 :i* %\ld h left "s traces ( ! language1 *>act]s1 & mann]s ( ,phrygia1 if he ev] came ) ,a*ates & s _m o!rs1 into ! prov9ce ( ,rome1 !n almo/ a des]t4 ,! ,go?s1 ,lomb>ds1 ,franks1 ,allemani or ,g]mans1 :o h by turns invad$ ,italy1 h at lea/ left x its "n4 ,! ,tyrians1 ,africans1 ,romans1 ,v&als1 ,visigo?s1 & ,s>ac5s1 h1 "o aft] ! o!r1 be5 ma/]s ( ,spa91 yet ! "n ( ,spa9 exi/s4 ,g]many has also always pres]v$ its own "n2 x has m]ely jo9$ t ( ,allemagne to x1 :i* appellation x did n receive f any conqu]or4 ,! ,gauls are almo/ ! only p 9 ! we/ :o h lo/ _! "n4 ,?is "n 0 orig9ally ,wal* or ,wel%2 ! ,romans always sub/itut$ a ,g = ! ,w1 :i* is b>b>\s3 ( ,wel% !y made ,galli1 ,gallia4 ,!y di/+ui%$ ! ,celtic1 ! ,belgic1 & ! ,aquitanic ,gaul1 ea* ( :i* spoke a diff]5t j>gon4 ,:o 71 & :5ce came ^! ,franks1 :o 9 su* small numb]s & little "t possess$ !mselves ( all ! ,gauls1 :i* 9 t5 ye>s ,cs> c\ld n entirely r$uce8 ,i am read+ an au?or :o comm5ces by ^! words3 ,! ,franks f :om we desc5d4 444 ,ha6 my fri5d1 :o has told y t y desc5d 9 a "r l9e f a ,frank8 ,clovodic1 :om we call ,clovis1 probably _h n m ?an tw5ty ?\s& m51 badly clo!d & arm$1 :5 he subjugat$ ab\t eight or t5 millions ( ,wel% or ,gauls1 held 9 s]vitude by ?ree or f\r ,roman legions4 ,we h n a s+le family 9 ,france :i* c furni%1 ,i d n say ! lea/ pro(1 b ! lea/ probability1 t x _h its orig9 f a ,frank4 ,:5 ! pirates ( ! ,baltic ,sea came1 to ! numb] ( sev5 or eight ?\s&1 to give ,norm&y 9 fief1 & ,brittany 9 arrire fief1 did !y1 leave any ar*ives by :i* x may be se5 :e!r !y 7 ! fa!rs ( all ! ,normans ( ! pres5t day8 ,x has be5 a long "t believ$ t ! ,franks came f ! ,trojans4 ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 :o liv$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 says3 ,accord+ to sev]al anci5t writ]s1 troops ( fugitive ,trojans e/abli%$ !mselves on ! bord]s ( ! ,rh9e1 !n a des]t4 ,z to neas1 he might easily h s\ght an asylum at ! extremity ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 b ,francus1 ! son ( ,hector1 _h too f> to travel to g t[>ds ,dsseldorf1 ,worms1 ,solm1 ,ehr5breit/e94 ,fr$eg>ius d\bts n t ! ,franks at fir/ retir$ into ,mac$onia1 & c>ri$ arms "u ,alex&]1 aft] hav+ f\ght "u ,priam2 on :i* alleg$ facts ! monk ,otfri$ complim5ts ! emp]or1 ,l\is ! ,g]man4 ,! geograph] ( ,rav5na1 less fabul\s1 assigns ! fir/ habitation ( ! horde ( ,franks among ! ,cimbrians1 beyond ! ,elbe1 t[>ds ! ,baltic ,sea4 ,^! ,franks might well be "s rema9s ( ^! b>b>ian ,cimbri defeat$ by ,m>ius2 & ! le>n$ ,leibnitz is ( ?is op9ion4 ,x is v c]ta9 t1 9 ! "t ( ,con/ant9e1 beyond ! ,rh9e1 !re 7 hordes ( ,franks or ,sicambri1 :o liv$ by pillage4 ,!y assembl$ "u b&it capta9s1 *iefs :om hi/orians h _h ! folly to call k+s4 ,con/ant9e himself pursu$ !m to _! haunts1 caus$ sev]al to be hang$1 & o!rs to be deliv]$ to wild bea/s1 9 ! amphi!atre ( ,tri]1 = 8 amusem5t4 ,two ( _! pret5d$ k+s p]i%$ 9 ?is mann]1 at :i* ! panegyri/s ( ,con/ant9e are 9 ec/asies4 ,! ,salic law1 writt51 x is said1 by ^! b>b>ians1 is "o ( ! absurd *im]as ) :i* we h always be5 pe/]$4 ,x w\ld be v /range if ! ,franks _h writt5 su* a consid]able code 9 _! m>%es1 & ! ,fr5* _h n any writt5 usages until ! close ( ! reign ( ,*>les ,,vii4 ,x might z well be said t ! ,algonqu9s & ,*ica*as _h writt5 laws4 ,m5 are nev] gov]n$ by au!ntic laws1 consign$ to public records1 until !y h be5 assembl$ into cities1 & h a regul> police1 ar*ives1 & all t *>act]izes a civiliz$ nation4 ,:5 y f9d a code 9 a nation :i* 0 b>b>\s at ! "t x 0 writt51 :o liv$ ^u rap9e & pillage1 & :i* _h n a wall$ t[n1 y may be sure t ?is code is a pret5d$ "o1 :i* has be5 made 9 mu* lat] times4 ,fallacies & suppositions nev] oblit]ate ?is tru? f ! m9ds ( ! wise4 ,:at is m ridicul\s /ill1 ?is ,salic law has be5 giv5 to u 9 ,lat92 z if savages1 w&]+ beyond ! ,rh9e1 _h le>nt ! ,lat9 language4 ,x is suppos$ to h be5 fir/ dige/$ by ,clovis1 & x ran ?us3 ,:ile ! illu/ri\s nation ( ! ,franks 0 /ill consid]$ b>b>\s1 ! heads ( ?is nation dictat$ ! ,salic law4 ,!y *ose among !mselves f\r *iefs1 ,visoga/1 ,bodoga/1 ,sologa/1 ,v9doga/--tak+1 accord+ to ,la ,fonta9e's fable1 ! names ( places = ^? ( m53 ,notre magot prit p\r ce c\p ,le nom d'un port p\r un nom d'homme4 ,^! names are ^? ( "s ,frank cantons 9 ! prov9ce ( ,worms4 ,:atev] may be ! epo* 9 :i* ! cu/oms d5om9at$ ! ,salic law 7 con/ruct$ on an anci5t tradition1 x is v cle> t ! ,franks 7 n great legislators4 ,:at is ! orig9al mean+ ( ! ^w ,frank8 ,t is a "q ( :i* we "k no?+1 & :i* above a hundr$ au?ors h endeavor$ to f9d out4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ,hun1 ,alan1 ,go?1 ,wel%1 ,pic>d8 ,& :at d ^! words signify8 ,7 ! armies ( ,clovis all compos$ ( ,franks8 ,x does n appe> s4 ,*ild]ic ! ,frank _h made inroads z f> z ,t\rnay4 ,x is said t ,clovis 0 ! son ( ,*ild]ic1 & ,que5 ,baz9e1 ! wife ( ,k+ ,baz94 ,n[ ,baz9 & ,baz9e are assur$ly n ,g]man names1 & we h nev] se5 ! lea/ pro( t ,clovis 0 _! son4 ,all ! ,g]man cantons elect$ _! *iefs1 & ! prov9ce ( ,franks _h no d\bt elect$ ,clovis z !y _h done 8 fa!r4 ,he made 8 exp$ition aga9/ ! ,gauls1 z all ! o!r b>b>ians _h und]tak5 !irs aga9/ ! ,roman ,empire4 ,d y really & truly believe t ! ,h]ulian ,odo1 surnam$ ,ac] by ! ,romans1 & kn[n to u by ! "n ( ,odoac]1 _h only ,h]ulians 9 8 tra91 & t ,g5s]ic conduct$ ,v&als alone into ,africa8 ,all ! wret*es )\t tal5t or pr(ession1 :o h no?+ to lose1 d !y n always jo9 ! fir/ capta9 ( robb]s :o raises ! /&>d ( de/ruction8 ,z soon z ,clovis _h ! lea/ success1 8 troops 7 no d\bt jo9$ by all ! ,belgians :o pant$ = booty2 & ?is army is nev]!less call$ ! army ( ,franks4 ,! exp$ition is v easy4 ,! ,visigo?s _h already invad$ "o-?ird ( ,gaul1 & ! ,burgundians ano!r4 ,! re/ submitt$ to ,clovis4 ,! ,franks divid$ ! l& ( ! vanqui%$1 & ! ,wel% cultivat$ x4 ,! ^w ,frank orig9ally signifi$ a free possessor1 :ile ! o!rs 7 slaves4 ,h5ce come ! words fran*ise1 & to enfran*ise--,i make y a ,frank1 ,i r5d] y a free man4 ,h5ce1 francal5us1 hold+ freely2 frank aleu1 frank dad1 frank *am51 & s _m o!r t]ms half ,lat9 & half b>b>ian1 :i* h s long compos$ ! mis]able patois spok5 9 ,france4 ,h5ce1 also1 a franc 9 gold or silv] to express ! money ( ! k+ ( ! ,franks1 :i* did n appe> until a long "t aft]1 b :i* rem9ds u ( ! orig9 ( ! mon>*y4 ,we /ill say tw5ty francs1 tw5ty livres1 :i* signifies no?+ 9 itself2 x gives no idea ( ! weight or value ( ! money1 be+ only a vague expression1 by :i* ignorant p h be5 cont9ually deceiv$1 n kn[+ really h[ mu* !y receive or h[ mu* !y pay4 ,*>lemagne did n consid] himself z a ,frank2 he 0 born 9 ,au/rasia1 & spoke ! ,g]man language4 ,he 0 ( ! family ( ,arnold1 bi%op ( ,metz1 preceptor to ,dagob]t4 ,n[ x is n probable t a man *os5 = a preceptor 0 a ,frank4 ,he made ! greate/ glory ( ! mo/ pr(\nd ignorance1 & 0 acqua9t$ only ) ! pr(ession ( arms4 ,b :at gives mo/ weight to ! op9ion t ,*>lemagne reg>d$ ! ,franks z /rang]s to him is ! f\r? article ( "o ( 8 capitul>ies on 8 f>ms4 ,if ! ,franks1 said he1 commit any ravages on our possessions1 let !m be judg$ accord+ to _! laws4 ,! ,c>lov+ian race always pass$ = ,g]man3 ,pope ,adrian ,,iv41 9 8 lett] to ! ar*bi%ops ( ,m5tz1 ,cologne1 & ,tri]1 expresses himself 9 ^! rem>kable t]ms3 ,! emp]or 0 transf]r$ f ! ,greeks to ! ,g]mans4 ,_! k+ 0 n emp]or until aft] he _h be5 cr[n$ by ! pope4444 all t ! emp]or possess$ he held f u4 ,& z ,za*>ius gave ! ,greek ,empire to ! ,g]mans1 we c give t ( ! ,g]mans to ! ,greeks4 ,h[ev]1 ,france hav+ be5 divid$ into ea/]n & we/]n1 & ! ea/]n be+ ,au/rasia1 ?is "n ( ,france prevail$ s f>1 t ev5 9 ! "t ( ! ,saxon emp]ors1 ! c\rt ( ,con/ant9ople always call$ !m pret5d$ ,frank emp]ors1 z may be se5 9 ! lett]s ( ,bi%op ,luitgr&1 s5t f ,rome to ,con/ant9ople4 ,( ! ,fr5* ,nation4 ,:5 ! ,franks e/abli%$ !mselves 9 ! c\ntry ( ! fir/ ,wel%1 :i* ! ,romans call$ ,gallia1 ! nation 0 compos$ ( anci5t ,celts or ,gauls1 subjugat$ by ,cs>1 ,roman families :o 7 e/abli%$ !re1 ,g]mans :o _h already emigrat$ !re1 & f9ally ( ! ,franks1 :o _h r5d]$ !mselves ma/]s ( ! c\ntry "u _! *ief ,clovis4 ,:ile ! mon>*y exi/$1 :i* unit$ ,gaul & ,g]many1 all ! p1 f ! s\rce ( ! ,wes] to ! seas ( ,gaul1 bore ! "n ( ,franks4 ,b :5 at ! congress ( ,v]dun1 9 #hdc1 "u ,*>les ! ,bald1 ,g]many & ,gaul 7 sep>at$1 ! "n ( ,franks rema9$ to ! p ( we/]n ,france1 :i* alone reta9$ ! "n ( ,france4 ,! "n ( ,fr5* 0 sc>cely kn[n until t[>ds ! t5? c5tury4 ,! f\ndation ( ! nation is ( ,gallic families1 & traces ( ! "* ( ! anci5t ,gauls h always exi/$4 ,inde$1 e p has its "*1 z well z e man2 & ?is "* is g5]ally =m$ ( all ! resemblances caus$ by nature & cu/om among ! inhabitants ( ! v>ieties :i* di/+ui% !m4 ,?us ,fr5* "*1 g5ius1 & wit1 result f t :i* has be5 common to ! diff]5t prov9ces 9 ! k+dom4 ,! p ( ,gui5ne & ^? ( ,norm&y diff] mu*2 !re is1 h[ev]1 f\nd 9 !m ! ,fr5* g5ius1 :i* =ms a nation ( ^! diff]5t prov9ces1 & di/+ui%es !m f ! ,indians & ,g]mans4 ,climate & soil evid5tly impr9t un*angeable m>ks on m51 z well z on animals & plants4 ,^? :i* dep5d on gov]nm5t1 religion1 & education are diff]5t4 ,t is ! knot :i* expla9s h[ p h lo/ "o "p ( _! anci5t "* & pres]v$ ! o!r4 ,a p :o =m]ly conqu]$ half ! _w are no long] recogniz$ "u sac]dotal gov]nm5t1 b ! se$s ( _! anci5t greatness ( s\l /ill exi/1 ?\gh hidd5 b5ea? weakness4 ,9 ! same mann] ! b>b>\s gov]nm5t ( ! ,turks has en]vat$ ! ,egyptians & ! ,greeks1 )\t hav+ be5 able to de/roy ! orig9al "* or temp] ( _! m9ds4 ,! pres5t "* ( ! ,fr5* is ! same z ,cs> ascrib$ to ! ,gauls--prompt to resolve1 ard5t to combat1 impetu\s 9 attack1 & easily disc\rag$4 ,cs>1 ,agatius1 & o!rs say1 t ( all ! b>b>ians ! ,gauls 7 ! mo/ poli%$4 ,!y are /ill 9 ! mo/ civiliz$ times ! model ( polit5ess to all _! neighbors1 ?\gh !y occasionally discov] ! rema9s ( _! levity1 petulance1 & b>b>ity4 ,! inhabitants ( ! coa/s ( ,france 7 always good seam52 ! p ( ,gui5ne always compose ! be/ infantry2 ^? :o inhabit ! prov9ces ( ,blois & ,t\rs are n1 says ,tasso1 robu/ & indefatigable1 b bl& & g5tle1 l ! l& :i* !y inhabit4 4444 ,g5te robu/a1 e faticosa1 ,la t]ra molle1 e lieta1 e dilettosa ,simili a se gli abitator1 produce4 ,b h[ c we reconcile ! "* ( ! ,p>isians ( our day ) t :i* ! ,emp]or ,julian1 ! fir/ ( pr9ces & m5 aft] ,m>cus ,aurelius1 gave to ! ,p>isians ( 8 "t8--,i love ?is p1 says he 9 8 ,misopogon1 because !y are s]i\s & sev]e l myself4 ,?is s]i\sness1 :i* seems at pres5t bani%$ f an imm5se city become ! c5tre ( pleasure1 !n reign$ 9 a little t[n de/itute ( amusem5ts3 9 ?is respect ! _s ( ! ,p>isians has *ang$ not)/&+ ! climate4 ,! afflu5ce1 opul5ce1 & idl5ess ( ! p :o may occupy !mselves ) pleasures & ! arts1 & n ) ! gov]nm5t1 h giv5 a new turn ( m9d to a :ole nation4 ,fur!r1 h[ is x to be expla9$ by :at degrees ?is p h pass$ f ! fi]c5ess :i* *>act]iz$ !m 9 ! "t ( ,k+ ,john1 ,*>les ,,vi41 ,*>les ,,ix41 ,h5ry ,,iii41 & ,h5ry ,,iv41 to ! s(t facility ( mann]s = :i* !y are n[ ! admiration ( ,europe8 ,x is t ! /orms ( gov]nm5t & religion =c$ con/itutional vivacity into p>oxysms ( faction & fanaticism2 & t ?is same vivacity1 :i* always w exi/1 has at pres5t no object b ! pleasures ( society4 ,! ,p>isian is impetu\s 9 8 pleasures z he =m]ly 0 9 8 fi]c5ess4 ,! orig9al "* :i* is caus$ by ! climate is always ! same4 ,if at pres5t he cultivates ! arts1 ( :i* he 0 s long depriv$1 x is n t he has ano!r m9d1 s9ce he has n o!r organs2 b x is t he has m relief1 & ?is relief has n be5 creat$ by himself1 z by ! ,greeks & ,flor5t9es1 among :om ! arts fl\ri%$ l ! natural fruits ( _! soil4 ,! ,fr5*man has only receiv$ !m1 b hav+ happily cultivat$ & adopt$ ^! exotics1 he has almo/ p]fect$ !m4 ,! ,fr5* gov]nm5t 0 orig9ally t ( all ! nor!rn nations--( all ^? ^: policy 0 regulat$ 9 g5]al assemblies ( ! nation4 ,k+s 7 ! *ief ( ^! assemblies2 & ?is 0 almo/ ! only adm9i/ration ( ! ,fr5* 9 ! fir/ two g5]ations1 be=e ,*>les ! ,simple4 ,:5 ! mon>*y 0 dismemb]$1 9 ! decl9e ( ! ,c>lov+ian race1 :5 ! k+dom ( ,aries arose1 & ! prov9ces 7 occupi$ by vassals little dep5d5t on ! cr[n1 ! "n ( ,fr5* 0 m re/rict$4 ,"u ,hugh ,capet1 ,h5ry1 & ,philip1 ! p on ?is side ! ,loire only1 7 call$ ,fr5*4 ,!re 0 !n se5 a great div]sity ( mann]s & ( laws 9 ! prov9ces held f ! cr[n ( ,france4 ,! p>ticul> lords :o became ! ma/]s ( ^! prov9ces introduc$ new cu/oms into _! new /ates4 ,a ,breton & a ,flem+ h at pres5t "s con=mity1 not)/&+ ! diff]5ce ( _! "*1 :i* !y hold f ! sun & ! climate1 b orig9ally !re 0 n ! lea/ similitude betwe5 !m4 ,x is only s9ce ! "t ( ,francis ,i4 t !re has be5 any uni=mity 9 mann]s & cu/oms4 ,! c\rt1 at ?is "t1 fir/ began to s]ve = a model to ! ,unit$ ,prov9ces2 b 9 g5]al1 impetuosity 9 w>1 & a lax discipl9e1 always =m$ ! pr$om9ant "* ( ! nation4 ,gallantry & polit5ess began to di/+ui% ! ,fr5* "u ,francis ,i4 ,mann]s became odi\s aft] ! dea? ( ,francis ,,ii4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! mid/ ( _! horrors1 !re 0 always a polit5ess at c\rt :i* ! ,g]mans & ,engli% endeavor$ to imitate4 ,! re/ ( ,europe1 9 aim+ to resemble ! ,fr5*1 7 already jeal\s ( !m4 ,a "* 9 "o ( ,%akespe>e's com$ies says t x is difficult to be polite )\t hav+ be5 at ! c\rt ( ,france4 ,?\gh ! nation has be5 tax$ ) frivolity by ,cs>1 & by all neighbor+ nations1 yet ?is k+dom1 s long dismemb]$1 & s (t5 ready to s9k1 is unit$ & su/a9$ pr9cipally by ! wisdom ( its negotiations1 address1 & pati5ce2 b above all1 by ! divisions ( ,g]many & ,engl&4 ,brittany alone has be5 unit$ to ! k+dom by a m>riage2 ,burgundy by "r ( fee1 & by ! ability ( ,l\is ,,xi42 ,dauph9y by a donation1 :i* 0 ! fruit ( policy2 ! c\nty ( ,t\l\se by a grant1 ma9ta9$ by an army2 ,prov5ce by money4 ,"o treaty ( peace has giv5 ,alsace1 ano!r ,lorra9e4 ,! ,engli% h be5 driv5 f ,france1 not)/&+ ! mo/ signal victories1 because ! k+s ( ,france h kn[n h[ to temporize1 & pr(it on all favorable occasions2--all :i* proves1 t if ! ,fr5* y\? are frivol\s1 ! m5 ( rip] age1 :o gov]n x1 h always be5 wise4 ,ev5 at pres5t ! magi/racy are sev]e 9 mann]s1 z 9 ! "t ( ! ,emp]or ,julian4 ,if ! fir/ successes 9 ,italy1 9 ! "t ( ,*>les ,,viii41 7 ow+ to ! w>like impetuosity ( ! nation1 ! disgraces :i* foll[$ !m 7 caus$ by ! bl9dness ( a c\rt :i* 0 compos$ ( "y m5 alone4 ,francis ,i4 0 only un=tunate 9 8 y\?1 :5 all 0 gov]n$ by favorites ( 8 own age1 & he r5d]$ 8 k+dom m fl\ri%+ at a m advanc$ age4 ,! ,fr5* h always us$ ! same arms z _! neighbors1 & h ne>ly ! same discipl9e 9 w>1 b 7 ! fir/ :o disc>d$ ! lance & pike4 ,! battle ( ,ivry disc\rag$ ! use ( lances1 :i* 7 soon aboli%$1 & "u ,l\is ,,xiv4 pikes 7 also discont9u$4 ,!y wore tunics & robes until ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,"u ,l\is ! ,"y !y left (f ! cu/om ( lett+ ! be>ds gr[1 & retook to x "u ,francis ,i4 ,only "u ,l\is ,,xiv4 did !y beg9 to %ave ! entire face4 ,_! dress is cont9ually *ang+1 & at ! end ( ea* c5tury ! ,fr5* might take ! portraits ( _! gr&fa!rs = ^? ( =eign]s4 ,,fraud4 ,:e!r pi\s ,frauds %\ld be practis$ ^u ! ,p4 ,once ^u a "t ! fakir ,bambabef met "o ( ! disciples ( ,confutzee 7:om we call ,confucius71 & ?is disciple 0 nam$ ,:ang4 ,bambabef ma9ta9$ t ! p require to be deceiv$1 & ,:ang ass]t$ t we %\ld nev] deceive any "o4 ,"h is a sket* ( _! dispute3 ,,bambabef4--,we mu/ imitate ! ,supreme ,be+1 :o does n %[ u ?+s z !y are4 ,he makes u see ! sun ) a diamet] ( two or ?ree feet1 al?\gh x is a million ( times l>g] ?an ! e>?4 ,he makes u see ! moon & ! />s affix$ to "o & ! same blue surface1 :ile !y are at diff]5t elevations2 he *ooses t a squ>e t[] %\ld appe> r\nd to u at a di/ance2 he *ooses t fire %\ld appe> to u to be hot1 al?\gh x is nei!r hot nor cold2 9 %ort1 he surr\nds u ) errors1 suitable to our nature4 ,,:ang4--,:at y call error is n s4 ,! sun1 su* z x is1 plac$ at millions ( millions ( lis f our globe1 is n t :i* we see1 t :i* we really p]ceive3 we p]ceive only ! sun :i* is pa9t$ on our ret9a1 at a det]m9ate angle4 ,our eyes 7 n giv5 u to "k sizes & di/ances3 to "k ^!1 o!r aids & o!r op]ations are necess>y4 ,bambabef seem$ mu* a/oni%$ at ?is position4 ,:ang1 be+ v pati5t1 expla9$ to him ! !ory ( optics2 & ,bambabef1 hav+ "s conception1 0 conv9c$ by ! demon/rations ( ! disciple ( ,confucius4 ,he !n resum$ 9 ^! t]ms3 ,,bambabef4--,if ,god does n1 z ,i ?\ght1 deceive u by ! m9i/ry ( our s5ses1 y w at lea/ ackn[l$ge t our physicians are con/antly deceiv+ *ildr5 = _! good4 ,!y tell !m t !y are giv+ !m sug>1 :5 9 reality !y are giv+ !m rhub>b4 ,i1 a fakir1 may !n deceive ! p1 :o are z ignorant z *ildr54 ,,:ang4--,i h two sons2 ,i h nev] deceiv$ !m4 ,:5 !y h be5 sick1 ,i h said to !m3 ,"h is a nause\s m$ic9e2 y mu/ h ! c\rage to take x2 if x 7 pleasant1 x w\ld injure y4 ,i h nev] suff]$ _! nurses & tutors to make !m afraid ( gho/s1 gobl9s1 & wit*es4 ,i h !reby made !m wise & c\rage\s citiz5s4 ,,bambabef4--,! p are n born s happily z y\r family4 ,,:ang4--,m5 all ne>ly resemble "o ano!r2 !y are born ) ! same dispositions4 ,_! nature ought n to be corrupt$4 ,,bambabef4--,we tea* !m errors1 ,i own2 b x is = _! good4 ,we make !m believe t if !y d n buy our bless$ nails1 if !y d n expiate _! s9s by giv+ u money1 !y w1 9 ano!r life1 become po/-horses1 dogs1 or liz>ds4 ,?is intimidates !m1 & !y become good p4 ,,:ang4--,d y n see t y are p]v]t+ ^! poor folks8 ,!re are among !m _m m ?an y ?9k !re are :o reason1 :o make a je/ ( y\r miracles & y\r sup]/itions2 :o see v cle>ly t !y w n be turn$ into liz>ds1 nor into po/-horses4 ,:at is ! consequ5ce8 ,!y h good s5se en\gh to p]ceive t y talk to !m v imp]t95tly2 b !y h n en\gh to elevate !mselves to a religion pure & untrammell$ by sup]/ition l ours4 ,_! passions make !m ?9k !re is no religion1 because ! only "o t is taught !m is ridicul\s3 ?us y become guilty ( all ! vices into :i* !y plunge4 ,,bambabef4--,n at all1 = we tea* !m none b good morals4 ,,:ang4--,! p w\ld /one y if y taught impure morals4 ,m5 are s con/itut$ t !y l v well to d evil1 b !y w n h x prea*$ to !m4 ,b a wise morality %\ld n be mix$ up ) absurd fables3 = by ^! impo/ures1 :i* y might d )\t1 y weak5 t morality :i* y are =c$ to tea*4 ,,bambabef4--,:at6 d y ?9k t tru? c be taught to ! p )\t ! aid ( fables8 ,,:ang4--,i firmly believe x4 ,our lit]ati are made ( ! same /uff z our tailors1 our weav]s1 & our labor]s4 ,!y wor%ip a creat+1 rew>d+1 & av5g+ ,god4 ,!y d n sully _! wor%ip by absurd sy/ems1 nor by extravagant c]emonies4 ,!re are mu* few] crimes among ! lett]$ ?an among ! p2 :y %\ld we n condesc5d to in/ruct our work+ classes z we d our lit]ati8 ,,bambabef4--,t w\ld be great folly2 z well might y wi% !m to h ! same polit5ess1 or to be all jurisconsults4 ,x is nei!r possible nor desirable4 ,!re mu/ be :ite bread = ! ma/]1 & br[n = ! s]vant4 ,,:ang4--,i own t m5 %\ld n all h ! same sci5ce2 b !re are ?+s necess>y to all4 ,x is necess>y t ea* "o %\ld be j2 & ! sure/ way ( inspir+ all m5 ) ju/ice is to inspire !m ) religion )\t sup]/ition4 ,,bambabef4--,t is a f9e project1 b x is impracticable4 ,d y ?9k x is suffici5t = m5 to believe 9 a be+ t rew>ds & puni%es8 ,y h told me t ! m acute among ! p (t5 revolt aga9/ fables4 ,!y w1 9 l mann]1 revolt aga9/ tru?4 ,!y w say3 ,:o %all assure me t ,god rew>ds & puni%es8 ,:]e is ! pro(8 ,:at mission h y8 ,:at miracle h y work$ t ,i %\ld believe 9 y8 ,!y w laugh at y mu* m ?an at me4 ,,:ang4--,y\r error is ?is3 ,y imag9e t m5 w spurn an idea t is hone/1 likely1 & useful to e "o2 an idea :i* accords ) human reason1 because !y reject ?+s :i* are di%one/1 absurd1 useless1 dang]\s1 & %ock+ to good s5se4 ,! p are mu* dispos$ to believe _! magi/rates2 & :5 _! magi/rates propose to !m only a rational belief1 !y embrace x will+ly4 ,!re is no ne$ ( prodigies to believe 9 a j ,god1 :o reads ! he>t ( man3 ?is is an idea too natural1 too necess>y1 to be combat$4 ,x is n necess>y to "k precisely h[ ,god rew>ds & puni%es3 to believe 9 ,8 ju/ice is en\gh4 ,i assure y t ,i h se5 :ole t[ns ) sc>cely any o!r t5et2 & t 9 !m ,i h se5 ! mo/ virtue4 ,,bambabef4--,take he$ :at y say4 ,y w f9d philosoph]s 9 ^! times1 :o w d5y bo? pa9s & rew>ds4 ,,:ang4--,b y w ackn[l$ge t ^! philosoph]s w mu* m /rongly d5y y\r inv5tions2 s y w ga9 no?+ by t4 ,suppos+ t !re are philosoph]s :o d n agree ) my pr9ciples1 !y are n ! less hone/ m52 !y d n ! less cultivate virtue1 :i* %\ld be embrac$ ?r\gh love1 & n ?r\gh fe>4 ,moreov]1 ,i ma9ta9 t no philosoph] c ev] be assur$ t ,provid5ce does n res]ve pa9s = ! wick$1 & rew>ds = ! good4 ,=1 if !y ask me :o has told me t ,god puni%es1 ,i %all ask !m :o has told !m t ,god does n puni%4 ,9 %ort1 ,i ma9ta9 t ! philosoph]s1 f> f contradict+1 w aid me4 ,w y be a philosoph]8 ,,bambabef4--,) all my he>t4 ,b d n tell ! fakirs4 ,& let u1 above all1 rememb] t if a philosoph] w\ld be ( s]vice to human society1 he mu/ ann\nce a ,god4 ,,free-,,w4 ,f ! comm5cem5t ( ! "t 9 :i* m5 began to reason1 philosoph]s h agitat$ ?is "q1 :i* !ologians h r5d]$ un9telligible by _! absurd subtleties ^u grace4 ,locke is p]haps ! fir/ :o1 )\t hav+ ! arrogance ( ann\nc+ a g5]al pr9ciple1 has exam9$ human nature by analysis4 ,x has be5 disput$ = ?ree ?\s& ye>s1 :e!r ! w is free or n2 ,locke %[s t ! "q is absurd1 & t lib]ty _c belong to ! w any m ?an color & motion4 ,:at is meant by ! expression to be free8 ,x signifies p[]1 or r x has no s5se at all4 ,to say t ! w c1 is 9 itself z ridicul\s z if we said t x is yell[1 or blue1 r\nd1 or squ>e4 ,w is w1 & lib]ty is p[]4 ,let u gradually exam9e ! *a9 ( :at passes )9 u1 )\t confus+ our m9ds ) any s*ola/ic t]ms1 or antec$5t pr9ciple4 ,x is propos$ to y to ride on horseback2 x is absolutely necess>y = y to make a *oice1 = x is v cle> t y mu/ ei!r g or n2 !re is no m$ium1 y mu/ absolutely d ! "o or ! o!r4 ,s f> x is demon/rat$ t ! w is n free4 ,y w get on horseback2 :y8 ,because ,i w to d s1 an ignoramus w say4 ,?is reply is an absurdity2 no?+ c be done )\t reason or cause4 ,y\r w !n is caus$ by :at8 ,! agreeable idea :i* is pres5t$ to y\r bra92 ! pr$om9ant1 or det]m9$ idea2 b1 y w say1 _c ,i resi/ an idea :i* pr$om9ates ov] me8 ,no1 = :at w\ld be ! cause ( y\r resi/ance8 ,an idea by :i* y\r w is sway$ /ill m despotically4 ,y receive y\r ideas1 &1 !re=e1 receive y\r w4 ,y w !n necess>ily2 consequ5tly1 ! ^w lib]ty belongs n to w 9 any s5se4 ,y ask me h[ ?\ght & w are =m$ )9 y8 ,i answ] t ,i "k no?+ ab\t x4 ,i no m "k h[ ideas are creat$ ?an ,i "k h[ ! _w 0 =m$4 ,we are only all[$ to grope 9 ! d>k 9 ref]5ce to all t inspires our incompreh5sible ma*9e4 ,w1 !n1 is n a faculty :i* c be call$ free4 ,free-w is a ^w absolutely devoid ( s5se1 & t :i* s*ol>s h call$ indiff]5ce1 t is to say1 w )\t cause1 is a *im]a unwor?y to be combat$4 ,9 :at !n consi/s lib]ty8 ,9 ! p[] ( do+ :at we w8 ,i w\ld g into my cab9et2 ! door is op51 ,i am free to ent]4 ,b1 say y1 if ! door is %ut & ,i rema9 :]e ,i am1 ,i rema9 freely4 ,let u expla9 ourselves--y !n ex]cise ! p[] t y possess ( rema9+2 y possess ?is p[]1 b n ! p[] ( go+ out4 ,lib]ty1 !n1 on :i* s _m volumes h be5 writt51 r$uc$ to its prop] s5se1 is only ! p[] ( act+4 ,9 :at s5se mu/ ! expression ?is man is free be spok58 ,9 ! same s5se 9 :i* we use ! words heal?1 /r5g?1 & happ9ess4 ,man is n always /rong1 heal?y1 or happy4 ,a great passion1 a great ob/acle1 may deprive him ( 8 lib]ty1 or p[] ( action4 ,! words lib]ty & free-w are1 !n1 ab/ractions1 g5]al t]ms1 l beauty1 goodness1 ju/ice4 ,^! t]ms d n signify t all m5 are always h&some1 good1 & j1 nei!r are !y always free4 ,fur!r1 lib]ty be+ only ! p[] ( act+1 :at is ?is p[]8 ,x is ! effect ( ! con/itution1 & ! actual /ate ( our organs4 ,leibnitz w\ld solve a problem ( geometry1 b falls into an apoplexy2 he c]ta9ly has n ! lib]ty to solve 8 problem4 ,a vigor\s "y man1 passionately 9 love1 :o holds 8 will+ mi/ress 9 8 arms1 is he free to subdue 8 passion8 ,d\btless n4 ,he has ! p[] ( enjoy+1 & has n ! p[] to ab/a94 ,locke !n is v "r 9 call+ lib]ty1 p[]4 ,:5 c ?is "y man ab/a91 not)/&+ ! viol5ce ( 8 passion8 ,:5 a /rong] idea %all det]m9e ! spr+s ( 8 s\l & body to ! contr>y4 ,b h[8 ,h o!r animals ! same lib]ty1 ! same p[]8 ,:y n8 ,!y h s5se1 memory1 s5tim5t1 & p]ceptions l ourselves2 !y act spontane\sly z we d4 ,!y mu/1 also1 l u1 h ! p[] ( act+ by virtue ( _! p]ception1 & ( ! play ( _! organs4 ,we exclaim3 ,if x be ?us1 all ?+s are ma*9es m]ely2 ev]y?+ 9 ! univ]se is subject$ to ! et]nal laws4 ,well1 w\ld y h ev]y?+ r5d]$ subject to a million ( bl9d caprices8 ,ei!r all is ! consequ5ce ( ! nature ( ?+s1 or all is ! effect ( ! et]nal ord] ( an absolute ma/]2 9 bo? cases1 we are only :eels to ! ma*9e ( ! _w4 ,x is a fooli%1 common-place expression t )\t ?is pret5d$ fre$om ( w1 rew>ds & puni%m5ts are useless4 ,reason1 & y w conclude q ! contr>y4 ,if1 :5 a robb] is execut$1 8 accomplice1 :o sees him suff]1 has ! lib]ty ( n be+ fright5$ at ! puni%m5t2 if 8 w det]m9es ( itself1 he w g f ! foot ( ! scaffold to assass9ate on ! high road2 if /ruck ) horror1 he exp]i5ces an insurm\ntable t]ror1 he w no long] ?ieve4 ,! puni%m5t ( 8 companion w become useful to him1 & moreov] prove to society t 8 w is n free4 ,lib]ty1 !n1 is n & _c be any?+ b ! p[] ( do+ :at we w4 ,t is :at philosophy tea*es u4 ,b1 if we consid] lib]ty 9 ! !ological s5se1 x is s sublime a matt] t pr(ane eyes may n be rais$ s high4 ,,fr5* ,,language4 ,! ,fr5* language did n beg9 to assume a regul> =m until ! t5? c5tury2 x sprang f ! rema9s ( ! ,lat9 & ! ,celtic1 mix$ ) a few ,teutonic words4 ,?is language 01 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! prov9cial ,roman1 & ! ,teutonic 0 ! language ( ! c\rts1 until ! "t ( ,*>les ! ,bald4 ,! ,teutonic rema9$ ! only language 9 ,g]many1 aft] ! gr& epo* ( ! division 9 #dcc4 ,! ru/ic ,roman prevail$ 9 ,we/]n ,france2 ! inhabitants ( ! ,pays de ,vaud1 ( ! ,valois1 ( ! valley ( ,engad9e1 & "s o!r cantons1 /ill pres]ve "s manife/ ve/iges ( ?is idiom4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! elev5? c5tury1 ,fr5* began to be writt52 b ?is ,fr5* reta9$ m ( ,romance or ru/ic ,roman ?an ( ! language ( ! pres5t day4 ,! romance ( ,philom5a1 writt5 9 ! t5? c5tury1 is n v diff]5t 9 language f t ( ! laws ( ! ,normans4 ,we _c yet trace ! orig9al ,celtic1 ,lat91 & ,g]man4 ,! words :i* signify ! memb]s ( ! human body1 or ?+s 9 daily use1 :i* h no relation to ! ,lat9 or ,g]man1 are ( anci5t ,gallic or ,celtic1 z tte1 jambe1 sabre1 po9t1 alt]1 p>l]1 c\t]1 reg>d]1 cri]1 cotume1 ensemble1 & _m m ( ! same k9d4 ,! great] numb] ( ! w>like phrases 7 ,fr5* or ,g]man1 z m>*e1 halte1 m>*al1 biv\ac1 lansqu5et4 ,almo/1 all ! re/ are ,lat91 & ! ,lat9 words h be5 all abridg$1 accord+ to ! usage & g5ius ( ! nations ( ! nor?4 ,9 ! twelf? c5tury1 "s t]ms 7 borr[$ f ! philosophy ( ,ari/otle2 & t[>d ! sixte5? c5tury1 ,greek names 7 f\nd = ! p>ts ( ! human body1 & = its maladies & _! rem$ies4 ,al?\gh ! language 0 !n enri*$ ) ,greek1 & aid$ f ! "t ( ,*>les ,,viii4 ) consid]able accessions f ! ,italian1 already arriv$ at p]fection1 x did n acquire a regul> =m4 ,francis ,i4 aboli%$ ! cu/om ( plead+ & ( judg+ 9 ,lat91 :i* prov$ ! b>b>ism ( a language :i* c\ld n be us$ 9 public proce$+s--a p]nici\s cu/om to ! natives1 ^: =tunes 7 regulat$ 9 a language :i* !y c\ld n und]/&4 ,x !n became necess>y to cultivate ! ,fr5*1 b ! language 0 nei!r noble nor regul>1 & its syntax 0 altoge!r caprici\s4 ,! g5ius ( its conv]sation be+ turn$ t[>ds pleasantry1 ! language became f]tile 9 sm>t & lively expressions1 b exce$+ly b>r5 9 dignifi$ & h>moni\s phrases2 :5ce x arises t 9 ! diction>ies ( rhymes1 tw5ty suitable words are f\nd = comic poetry = "o ( poetry ( a m elevat$ nature4 ,?is 0 ! cause t ,m>ot nev] succe$$ 9 ! s]i\s /yle1 & t ,amyot 0 unable to give a v]sion ( ! elegant simplicity ( ,plut>*4 ,! ,fr5* tongue acquir$ /r5g? f ! p5 ( ,montaigne1 b /ill want$ elevation & h>mony4 ,rons>d injur$ ! language by introduc+ into ,fr5* poetry ! ,greek comp\nds1 d]ivable f ! physicians4 ,malh]be p>tly repair$ ! fault ( ,rons>d4 ,x became m l(ty & h>moni\s by ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,fr5* ,academy1 & f9ally 9 ! age ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 acquir$ ! p]fection by :i* x is n[ di/+ui%$4 ,! g5ius ( ! ,fr5* language--= e language has its g5ius--is cle>ness & ord]4 ,?is g5ius consi/s 9 ! facility :i* a language possesses ( express+ itself m or less happily1 & ( employ+ or reject+ ! famili> t]ms ( o!r languages4 ,! ,fr5* tongue hav+ no decl5sions1 & be+ aid$ by articles1 _c adopt ! inv]sions ( ! ,greek & ! ,lat92 ! words are necess>ily arrang$ agreeably to ! c\rse ( ! ideas4 ,we c only say 9 "o way1 ,plancus a pris so9 des affaires de ,cs>2 b ?is phrase 9 ,lat91 ,res ,cs>is1 ,plancus dilig5t] curavit may be arrang$ 9 a hundr$ & tw5ty diff]5t =ms )\t injur+ ! s5se or rules ( ! language4 ,! auxili>y v]bs1 :i* l5g!n & weak5 phrases 9 ! mod]n tongues1 r5d] t ( ,france /ill less adapt$ to ! lapid>y /yle4 ,its auxili>y v]bs1 its pron\ns1 its articles1 its defici5cy ( decl9able p>ticiples1 &1 la/ly1 its uni=mity ( position1 preclude ! exhibition ( mu* en?usiasm 9 poetry2 x possesses few] capabilities ( ?is nature ?an ! ,italian & ! ,engli%2 b ?is con/ra9t & slav]y r5d] x m prop] = trag$y & com$y ?an any language 9 ,europe4 ,! natural ord] 9 :i* ! ,fr5* p are oblig$ to express _! ?\ghts & con/ruct _! phrases1 infuses into _! spee* a facility & am5ity :i* please ev]ybody2 & ! g5ius ( ! nation suit+ ) ! g5ius ( ! language1 has produc$ a great] numb] ( books agreeably writt5 ?an are to be f\nd among any o!r p4 ,social fre$om & polit5ess hav+ be5 = a long "t e/abli%$ 9 ,france1 ! language has acquir$ a delicacy ( expression1 & a natural ref9em5t :i* are seldom to be f\nd out ( x4 ,?is ref9em5t has occasionally be5 c>ri$ too f>2 b m5 ( ta/e h always kn[n h[ to r$uce x )9 due b\nds4 ,_m p]sons h ma9ta9$ t ! ,fr5* language has be5 impov]i%$ s9ce ! days ( ,montaigne & ,amyot1 because expressions ab\nd 9 ^! au?ors :i* are no long] employ$2 b ^! are = ! mo/ "p t]ms = :i* equival5ts h be5 f\nd4 ,x has be5 enri*$ ) a numb] ( noble & en]getic expressions1 &1 )\t adv]t+ to ! eloqu5ce ( matt]1 has c]ta9ly t ( spee*4 ,x 0 dur+ ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 z already obs]v$1 t ! language 0 fix$4 ,:atev] *anges "t & caprice may h 9 /ore1 ! good au?ors ( ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies w always s]ve = models4 ,circum/ances creat$ no "r to expect t ,france w\ld be di/+ui%$ 9 philosophy4 ,a ,go?ic gov]nm5t ext+ui%$ all k9d ( illum9ation dur+ m ?an twelve c5turies2 & pr(essors ( error1 paid = brutaliz+ human nature1 m increas$ ! d>kness4 ,nev]!less1 !re is m philosophy 9 ,p>is ?an 9 any t[n on e>?1 & possibly ?an 9 all ! t[ns put toge!r1 except+ ,london4 ,! _s ( reason has ev5 p5etrat$ into ! prov9ces4 ,9 a ^w1 ! ,fr5* g5ius is probably at pres5t equal to t ( ,engl& 9 philosophy2 :ile = ! la/ f\r-score ye>s ,france has be5 sup]ior to all o!r nations 9 lit]ature2 & has und5iably tak5 ! lead 9 ! c\rtesies ( society1 & 9 t easy & natural polit5ess1 :i* is improp]ly t]m$ urbanity4 ,,fri5d%ip4 ,! temple ( fri5d%ip has long be5 kn[n by "n1 b x is well kn[n t x has be5 v little frequ5t$2 z ! foll[+ v]ses pleasantly obs]ve1 ,ore/es1 ,pylades1 ,piri?\s1 ,a*ates1 & ! t5d] ,nisus1 7 all g5u9e fri5ds & great h]oes2 b1 alas1 exi/5t only 9 fable3 ,en vieux langage on voit sur la faade1 ,les noms sacrs d',ore/e et de ,pylade2 ,le mdaillon du bon ,piri?\s1 ,du sage ,a*ate et du t5dre ,nisus2 ,t\s gr&s hros1 t\s amis vritables2 ,ces noms sont beaux2 mais ils sont dans les fables4 ,fri5d%ip comm&s m ?an love & e/eem4 ,love y\r neighbor signifies assi/ y\r neighbor1 b n--enjoy 8 conv]sation ) pleasure1 if he be tiresome2 confide to him y\r secrets1 if he be a tattl]2 or l5d him y\r money1 if he be a sp5d?rift4 ,fri5d%ip is ! m>riage ( ! s\l1 & ?is m>riage is liable to divorce4 ,x is a tacit contract betwe5 two s5sible & virtu\s p]sons4 ,i say s5sible1 = a monk or a h]mit _c be s1 :o lives )\t kn[+ fri5d%ip4 ,i say virtu\s1 = ! wick$ only h accomplices--! voluptu\s1 companions--! int]e/$1 associates2 politicians assemble factions--! g5]ality ( idle m5 h connections--pr9ces1 c\rti]s4 ,virtu\s m5 alone possess fri5ds4 ,ce!gus 0 ! accomplice ( ,catil9e1 & ,mc5as ! c\rti] ( ,octavius2 b ,cic]o 0 ! fri5d ( ,atticus4 ,:at is caus$ by ?is contract betwe5 two t5d]1 hone/ m9ds8 ,its obligations are /rong] or weak] accord+ to ! degrees ( s5sibility1 & ! numb] ( s]vices r5d]$4 ,! en?usiasm ( fri5d%ip has be5 /rong] among ! ,greeks & ,arabs ?an among u4 ,! tales t ^! p h imag9$ on ! subject ( fri5d%ip are admirable2 we h none to comp>e to !m4 ,we are r dry & res]v$--9 ev]y?+4 ,i see no great trait ( fri5d%ip 9 our hi/ories1 romances1 or !atre4 ,! only fri5d%ip spok5 ( among ! ,jews1 0 t :i* exi/$ betwe5 ,jona?an & ,david4 ,x is said t ,david lov$ him ) a love /rong] ?an t ( wom52 b x is also said t ,david1 aft] ! dea? ( 8 fri5d1 dispossess$ ,mephibo%e?1 8 son1 & caus$ him to be put to dea?4 ,fri5d%ip 0 a po9t ( religion & legislation among ! ,greeks4 ,! ,!bans _h a regim5t ( lov]s--a f9e regim5t2 "s h tak5 x = a regim5t ( noncon=mi/s4 ,!y are deceiv$2 x is tak+ a %ameful accid5t = a noble pr9ciple4 ,fri5d%ip1 among ! ,greeks1 0 prescrib$ by ! laws & religion4 ,mann]s c\nt5anc$ abuses1 b ! laws did n4 ,,frivolity4 ,:at p]suades me /ill m ( ! exi/5ce ( ,provid5ce1 said ! pr(\nd au?or ( ,ba*a ,billeboquet1 is t to console u = our innum]able mis]ies1 nature has made u frivol\s4 ,we are sometimes rum9at+ ox51 ov]come by ! weight ( our yoke2 sometimes disp]s$ doves1 trembl+ly endeavor+ to avoid ! claws ( ! vulture1 /a9$ ) ! blood ( our companions2 foxes1 pursu$ by dogs2 & tig]s1 :o dev\r "o ano!r4 ,!n we sudd5ly become butt]flies2 & =get1 9 our volatile w9n[+s1 all ! horrors t we h exp]i5c$4 ,if we 7 n frivol\s1 :at man )\t %udd]+1 c\ld live 9 a t[n 9 :i* ! wife ( a m>%al ( ,france1 a lady ( honor to ! que51 0 burn$1 "u ! pretext t %e _h kill$ a :ite cock by moonlight2 or 9 ! same t[n 9 :i* ,m>%al ,m>illac 0 assass9at$ accord+ to =m1 pursuant to a s5t5ce pass$ by judicial murd]]s appo9t$ by a prie/ 9 8 own c\ntry h\se1 9 :i* he embrac$ ,m>ion de ,lorme :ile ^! rob$ wret*es execut$ 8 sangu9>y wi%es8 ,c\ld a man say to himself1 )\t trembl+ 9 e n]ve1 & hav+ 8 he>t froz5 ) horror3 ,"h ,i am1 9 ! v place :i*1 x is said1 0 /rew$ ) ! dead & dy+ bodies ( two ?\s& "y g5tlem51 murd]$ ne> ! ,faub\rg ,/4 ,anto9e1 because "o man 9 a r$ cassock displeas$ "s o!rs 9 black ones6 ,:o c\ld pass ! ,rue de la ,fron]ie )\t %$d+ te>s & fall+ into p>oxysms ( rage aga9/ ! holy & abom9able pr9ciples :i* plung$ ! sword into ! he>t ( ! be/ ( m51 & ( ! greate/ ( k+s8 ,we c\ld n walk a /ep 9 ! /reets ( ,p>is on ,/4 ,b>?olomew's day1 )\t say+3 ,x 0 "h t "o ( my ance/ors 0 murd]$ = ! love ( ,god2 x 0 "h t "o ( my "m's family 0 dragg$ ble$+ & mangl$2 x 0 "h t "o-half ( my c\ntrym5 murd]$ ! o!r4 ,happily1 m5 are s light1 s frivol\s1 s /ruck ) ! pres5t & s ins5sible to ! pa/1 t 9 t5 ?\s& !re are n above two or ?ree :o make ^! reflections4 ,h[ _m boon companions h ,i se51 :o1 aft] ! loss ( *ildr51 wives1 mi/resses1 =tune1 & ev5 heal? itself1 h eag]ly resort$ to a p>ty to retail a piece ( sc&al1 or to a supp] to tell humor\s /ories4 ,solidity consi/s *iefly 9 a uni=mity ( ideas4 ,x has be5 said t a man ( s5se %\ld inv>iably ?9k 9 ! same way2 r$uc$ to su* an alt]native1 x w\ld be bett] n to h be5 born4 ,! anci5ts nev] inv5t$ a f9] fable ?an t :i* be/[$ a cup ( ! wat] ( ,le! on all :o ent]$ ! ,elysian fields4 ,if y w\ld tol]ate life1 mortals1 =get y\rselves1 & enjoy x4 ,,gallant4 ,?is ^w is d]iv$ f gal ! orig9al signification ( :i* 0 gayety & rejoic+1 z may be se5 9 ,ala9 ,*>ti]1 & 9 ,froiss>t4 ,ev5 9 ! ,romance ( ! ,rose we meet ) ! ^w gal& 9 ! s5se ( ornam5t$1 adorn$4 ,la belle fut bi5 attornie ,et d'un filet d'or gal&e4 ,x is probable t ! gala ( ! ,italians1 & ! galan ( ! ,spani>ds1 are d]iv$ f ! ^w gal :i* seems to be orig9ally ,celtic2 h5ce1 0 ins5sibly =m$ gallant1 :i* signifies a man =w>d1 or eag] to please4 ,! t]m receiv$ an improv$ & m noble signification 9 ! times ( *ivalry1 :5 ! desire to please manife/$ itself 9 feats ( arms1 & p]sonal conflict4 ,to conduct himself gallantly1 to extricate himself f an affair gallantly1 implies1 ev5 at pres5t1 a man's conduct+ himself con=mably to pr9ciple & honor4 ,a gallant man among ! ,engli%1 signifies a man ( c\rage2 9 ,france x means m--a man ( noble g5]al demeanor4 ,a gallant 7un homme galant7 is totally diff]5t f a gallant man 7un galant homme72 ! latt] means a man ( respectable & honorable feel+--! =m]1 some?+ ne>] ! "* ( a petit matre a man successfully addict$ to intrigue4 ,be+ gallant 7tre galant7 9 g5]al implies an assiduity to please by /udi\s att5tions1 & flatt]+ def]5ce4 ,he 0 exce$+ly gallant to ^? ladies1 means m]ely1 he behav$ m ?an politely to !m2 b be+ ! gallant ( a lady is an expression ( /rong] mean+2 x signifies be+ h] lov]2 ! ^w is sc>cely any long] 9 use 9 ?is s5se1 except 9 l[ or famili> poetry4 ,a gallant is n m]ely a man devot$ to & successful 9 intrigue1 b ! t]m implies1 moreov]1 some:at ( impud5ce & effront]y1 9 :i* s5se ,fonta9e uses x 9 ! foll[+3 ,mais un 'galant1' *]*eur des pucelages4 ,?us are v>i\s mean+s atta*$ to ! same ^w4 ,! case is simil> ) ! t]m gallantry1 :i* sometimes signifies a disposition to coquetry1 & a habit ( flatt]y2 sometimes a pres5t ( "s elegant toy1 or piece ( jewelry2 sometimes intrigue1 ) "o woman or ) _m2 &1 latt]ly1 x has ev5 be5 appli$ to signify ironically ! favors ( ,v5us2 ?us1 to talk gallantries1 to give gallantries1 to h gallantries1 to contract a gallantry1 express v diff]5t mean+s4 ,ne>ly all ! t]ms :i* occur frequ5tly 9 conv]sation acquire1 9 ! same mann]1 v>i\s %ades ( mean+1 :i* x is difficult to discrim9ate2 ! mean+ ( t]ms ( art is m precise & less arbitr>y4 ,,g>gantua4 ,if ev] a reputation 0 fix$ on a solid basis1 x is t ( ,g>gantua4 ,yet 9 ! pres5t age ( philosophy & criticism1 "s ra% & d>+ m9ds h />t$ =w>d1 :o h v5tur$ to d5y ! prodigies believ$ respect+ ?is extraord9>y man--p]sons :o h c>ri$ _! skepticism s f> z ev5 to d\bt 8 v exi/5ce4 ,h[ is x possible1 !y ask1 t !re %\ld h exi/$ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury a di/+ui%$ h]o1 nev] m5tion$ by a s+le contempor>y1 by ,/4 ,ignatius1 ,c>d9al ,capitan1 ,galileo1 or ,guicci>d9i1 & respect+ :om ! regi/]s ( ! ,sorbonne d n conta9 ! slighte/ notice8 ,inve/igate ! hi/ories ( ,france1 ( ,g]many1 ( ,engl&1 ,spa91 & o!r c\ntries1 & y f9d n a s+le ^w ab\t ,g>gantua4 ,8 :ole life1 f 8 bir? to 8 dea?1 is a tissue ( inconceivable prodigies4 ,8 "m1 ,g>gamelle1 0 deliv]$ ( him f ! left e>4 ,almo/ at ! in/ant ( 8 bir? he call$ out = a dr9k1 ) a voice t 0 he>d ev5 9 ! di/ricts ( ,beauce & ,viv>ais4 ,sixte5 ells ( clo? 7 requir$ to make him bree*es1 & a hundr$ hides ( br[n c[s 7 us$ 9 8 %oes4 ,he _h n atta9$ ! age ( twelve ye>s be=e he ga9$ a great battle1 & f\nd$ ! abbey ( ,?lme4 ,madame ,badebec 0 giv5 to him 9 m>riage1 & ,badebec is prov$ to be a ,syrian "n4 ,he is repres5t$ to h dev\r$ six pilgrims 9 a m]e salad1 & ! riv] ,se9e is /at$ to h fl[$ entirely f 8 p]son1 s t ! ,p>isians are indebt$ = _! beautiful riv] to him alone4 ,all ?is is consid]$ contr>y to nature by our c>p+ philosoph]s1 :o scruple to admit ev5 :at is probable1 unless x is well support$ by evid5ce4 ,!y obs]ve1 t if ! ,p>isians h always believ$ 9 ,g>gantua1 t is no reason :y o!r nations %\ld believe 9 him2 t if ,g>gantua _h really p]=m$ "o s+le prodigy out ( ! _m attribut$ to him1 ! :ole _w w\ld h res\nd$ ) x1 all records w\ld h notic$ x1 & a hundr$ monum5ts w\ld h atte/$ x4 ,9 %ort1 !y v unc]emoni\sly treat ! ,p>isians :o believe 9 ,g>gantua z ignorant simpletons & sup]/iti\s idiots1 ) :om are int]-mix$ a few hypocrites1 :o pret5d to believe 9 ,g>gantua1 9 ord] to obta9 "s conv5i5t prior%ip 9 ! abbey ( ,?lme4 ,! rev]5d ,fa!r ,viret1 a ,cordeli] ( full-sleev$ dignity1 a confessor ( ladies1 & a prea*] to ! k+1 has repli$ to our ,pyrrhonean philosoph]s 9 a mann] decisive & inv9cible4 ,he v le>n$ly proves t if no writ]1 ) ! exception ( ,rabelais1 has m5tion$ ! prodigies ( ,g>gantua1 at lea/1 no hi/orian has contradict$ !m2 t ! sage de ,?\1 :o 0 a believ] 9 wit*craft1 div9ation1 & a/rology1 nev] d5i$ ! miracles ( ,g>gantua4 ,!y 7 n ev5 call$ 9 "q by ,la ,mo! le ,vay]4 ,mz]ay treat$ !m ) su* respect z n to say a ^w aga9/ !m1 or inde$ ab\t !m4 ,^! prodigies 7 p]=m$ be=e ! eyes ( all ! _w4 ,rabelais 0 a witness ( !m4 ,x 0 impossible t he c\ld be deceiv$1 or t he w\ld deceive4 ,_h he deviat$ ev5 9 ! smalle/ degree f ! tru?1 all ! nations ( ,europe w\ld h be5 r\s$ aga9/ him 9 indignation2 all ! gazette]s & j\rnali/s ( ! day w\ld h exclaim$ ) "o voice aga9/ ! fraud & impo/ure4 ,9 va9 d ! philosoph]s reply--= !y reply to ev]y?+--t1 at ! p]iod 9 "q1 gazettes & j\rnals 7 n 9 exi/5ce4 ,x is said 9 return t !re exi/$ :at 0 equival5t to !m1 & t is suffici5t4 ,ev]y?+ is impossible 9 ! hi/ory ( ,g>gantua1 & f ?is circum/ance itself may be inf]r$ its inconte/able tru?4 ,= if x 7 n true1 no p]son c\ld possibly h v5tur$ to imag9e x1 & its incr$ibility con/itutes ! great pro( t x ought to be believ$4 ,op5 all ! ,m]curies1 all ! ,j\rnals de ,trv\x2 ^? immortal works :i* teem ) in/ruction to ! race ( man1 & y w n f9d a s+le l9e :i* ?r[s a d\bt on ! hi/ory ( ,g>gantua4 ,x 0 res]v$ = our own un=tunate age to produce mon/]s1 :o w\ld e/abli% a frightful ,pyrrhonism1 "u ! pret5ce ( requir+ evid5ce z ne>ly approa*+ to ma!matical z ! case w admit1 & ( a devotion to reason1 tru?1 & ju/ice4 ,:at a pity6 ,oh1 = a s+le argum5t to conf\nd !m6 ,g>gantua f\nd$ ! abbey ( ,?lme4 ,! title de$s1 x is true1 7 nev] f\nd2 x nev] _h any2 b x exi/s1 & produces an income ( t5 ?\s& pieces ( gold a ye>4 ,! riv] ,se9e exi/s1 & is an et]nal monum5t ( ! prodigi\s f\nta9 f :i* ,g>gantua suppli$ s noble a /ream4 ,moreov]1 :at w x co/ y to believe 9 him8 ,%\ld y n take ! safe/ side8 ,g>gantua c procure = y weal?1 honors1 & influ5ce4 ,philosophy c only be/[ on y int]nal tranquillity & satisfaction1 :i* y w ( c\rse e/imate z a trifle4 ,believe1 !n1 ,i aga9 repeat1 9 ,g>gantua2 if y possess ! slighte/ portion ( av>ice1 ambition1 or knav]y1 x is ! wise/ "p y c adopt4 ,,gazette4 ,a n>rative ( public affairs4 ,x 0 at ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury t ?is useful practice 0 sugge/$ & e/abli%$ at ,v5ice1 at ! "t :5 ,italy /ill cont9u$ ! c5tre ( ,european negotiations1 & ,v5ice 0 ! unfail+ asylum ( lib]ty4 ,! leaves or %eets conta9+ ?is n>rative1 :i* 7 publi%$ once a week1 7 call$ ,gazettes1 f ! ^w gazetta1 ! "n ( a small co91 am\nt+ ne>ly to "o ( our demi-s\s1 !n curr5t at ,v5ice4 ,! example 0 aft]w>ds foll[$ 9 all ! great cities ( ,europe4 ,j\rnals ( ?is description h be5 e/abli%$ 9 ,*9a f "t immemorial4 ,! ,imp]ial ,gazette is publi%$ !re e day by ord] ( ! c\rt4 ,admitt+ ?is gazette to be true1 we may easily believe x does n conta9 all t is true2 nei!r 9 fact %\ld x d s4 ,?ophra/e ,r5audot1 a physician1 publi%$ ! fir/ gazettes 9 ,france 9 #afja1 & he _h an exclusive privilege = ! publication1 :i* cont9u$ = a long "t a patrimony to 8 family4 ,! l privilege became an object ( importance at ,am/]dam1 & ! great] "p ( ! gazettes ( ! ,unit$ ,prov9ces are /ill a s\rce ( rev5ue to _m ( ! families ( magi/rates1 :o pay writ]s = furni%+ mat]ials = !m4 ,! city ( ,london alone publi%es m ?an twelve gazettes 9 ! c\rse ( a week4 ,!y c be pr9t$ only ^u /amp$ pap]1 & produce no inconsid]able income to ! ,/ate4 ,! gazettes ( ,*9a relate solely to t empire2 ^? ( ! diff]5t /ates ( ,europe embrace ! affairs ( all c\ntries4 ,al?\gh !y frequ5tly ab\nd 9 false intellig5ce1 !y may nev]!less be consid]$ z supply+ good mat]ial = hi/ory2 because1 9 g5]al1 ! errors ( ea* p>ticul> gazette are correct$ by subsequ5t ones1 & because !y conta9 au!ntic copies ( almo/ all /ate pap]s1 :i* inde$ are publi%$ 9 !m by ord] ( ! sov]eigns or gov]nm5ts !mselves4 ,! ,fr5* gazettes h always be5 revis$ by ! m9i/ry4 ,x is on ?is acc\nt t ! writ]s ( !m h always adh]$ to c]ta9 =ms & designations1 ) a /rictness app>5tly some:at inconsi/5t ) ! c\rtesies ( poli%$ society1 be/[+ ! title ( monsieur only on "s p>ticul> descriptions ( p]sons1 & t ( sieur ^u o!rs2 ! au?ors hav+ =gott5 t !y 7 n speak+ 9 ! "n ( _! k+4 ,^! public j\rnals1 x mu/ be add$1 to _! praise1 h nev] be5 debas$ by calumny1 & h always be5 writt5 ) consid]able correctness4 ,! case is v diff]5t ) respect to =eign gazettes2 ^? ( ,london1 ) ! exception ( ! c\rt gazette1 ab\nd frequ5tly 9 t co>s5ess & lic5ti\sness ( obs]vation :i* ! national lib]ty all[s4 ,! ,fr5* gazettes e/abli%$ 9 t c\ntry h be5 seldom writt5 ) purity1 & h sometimes be5 n a little in/rum5tal 9 corrupt+ ! language4 ,"o ( ! greate/ faults :i* has f\nd a way into !m arises f ! au?ors hav+ conclud$ t ! anci5t =ms ( expression us$ 9 public proclamations & 9 judicial & political proce$+s & docum5ts 9 ,france1 & ) :i* !y 7 p>ticul>ly conv]sant1 7 analog\s to ! regul> syntax ( our language1 & f _! hav+ accord+ly imitat$ t /yle 9 _! n>rative4 ,?is is l a ,roman hi/orian's us+ ! /yle ( ! law ( ! twelve tables4 ,9 imitation ( ! political gazettes1 lit]>y ones began to be publi%$ 9 ,france 9 #affe2 = ! fir/ j\rnals 71 9 fact1 simply adv]tisem5ts ( ! works rec5tly pr9t$ 9 ,europe2 to ?is m]e ann\ncem5t ( publication 0 soon add$ a critical exam9ation or review4 ,_m au?ors 7 (f5d$ at x1 not)/&+ its great mod]ation4 ,we %all "h speak only ( ^? lit]>y gazettes ) :i* ! public1 :o 7 previ\sly 9 possession ( v>i\s j\rnals f e c\ntry 9 ,europe 9 :i* ! sci5ces 7 cultivat$1 7 completely ov]:elm$4 ,^! gazettes appe>$ at ,p>is ab\t ! ye> #agbc1 "u _m diff]5t names1 z ,! ,p>nassian ,intellig5c]1 ,obs]vations on ,new ,books1 etc4 ,! great] numb] ( !m 7 writt5 = ! s+le purpose ( mak+ money2 & z money is n to be made by prais+ au?ors1 ^! productions consi/$ g5]ally ( satire & abuse4 ,!y (t5 conta9$ ! mo/ odi\s p]sonalities1 & = a "t sold 9 proportion to ! virul5ce ( _! malignity2 b reason & good ta/e1 :i* are always sure to prevail at la/1 consign$ !m ev5tually to contempt & oblivion4 ,,g5ealogy4 ,,section ,i4 ,_m volumes h be5 writt5 by le>n$ div9es 9 ord] to reconcile ,/4 ,mat!w ) ,/4 ,luke on ! subject ( ! g5ealogy ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! =m] enum]ates only tw5ty-sev5 g5]ations f ,david ?r\gh ,solomon1 :ile ,luke gives =ty-two1 & traces ! desc5t ?r\gh ,na?an4 ,! foll[+ is ! me?od 9 :i* ! le>n$ ,calmet solves a difficulty relat+ to ,mel*iz$ek3 ,! ,ori5tals & ! ,greeks1 ev] ab\nd+ 9 fable & inv5tion1 fabricat$ a g5ealogy = him1 9 :i* !y give u ! names ( 8 ance/ors4 ,b1 adds ?is judici\s ,b5$ict9e1 z falsehood always betrays itself1 "s /ate 8 g5ealogy accord+ to "o s]ies1 & o!rs accord+ to ano!r4 ,!re are "s :o ma9ta9 t he desc5d$ f a race obscure & degrad$1 & !re are "s :o are dispos$ to repres5t him z illegitimate4 ,?is passage naturally applies to ,jesus1 ( :om1 accord+ to ! apo/le1 ,mel*iz$ek 0 ! type or figure4 ,9 fact1 ! gospel ( ,nicom$es expressly /ates t ! ,jews1 9 ! pres5ce ( ,pilate1 reproa*$ ,jesus ) be+ born ( =nication2 ^u :i* ! le>n$ ,fabricius rem>ks1 t x does n appe> f any cle> & cr$ible te/imony t ! ,jews direct$ to ,jesus ,*ri/ dur+ ,8 life1 or ev5 to ,8 apo/les1 t calumny respect+ ,8 bir? :i* !y s assidu\sly & virul5tly circulat$ aft]w>ds4 ,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 h[ev]1 in=m u t ! ,jews ( ,antio* oppos$ !mselves1 blasphem+ aga9/ :at ,paul spoke to !m conc]n+ ,jesus2 & ,orig5 ma9ta9s t ! passage 9 ,/4 ,john's gospel ,we are n born ( =nication1 we h nev] be5 9 subjection unto any man 0 an indirect reproa* ?r[n out by ! ,jews aga9/ ,jesus on ! subject ( ,8 bir?4 ,=1 z ?is fa!r in=ms u1 !y pret5d$ t ,jesus 0 orig9ally f a small hamlet ( ,juda1 & ,8 "m no?+ m ?an a poor villag] subsi/+ by h] labor1 :o1 hav+ be5 f\nd guilty ( adult]y ) a soldi] ( ! "n ( ,pan!r1 0 turn$ away by h] husb&1 ^: occupation 0 t ( a c>p5t]2 t1 aft] ?is disgraceful expulsion1 %e w&]$ ab\t mis]ably f "o place to ano!r1 & 0 privately deliv]$ ( ,jesus1 :o1 press$ by ! necessity ( ,8 circum/ances1 0 compell$ to g & hire ,himself z a s]vant 9 ,egypt1 :]e ,he acquir$ "s ( ^? secrets :i* ! ,egyptians turn to s good an acc\nt1 & !n return$ to ,8 own c\ntry1 9 :i*1 full ( ! miracles ,he 0 enabl$ to p]=m1 ,he proclaim$ ,himself to be ,god4 ,accord+ to a v old tradition1 ! "n ( ,pan!r1 :i* gave occasion to ! mi/ake ( ! ,jews1 01 z we are in=m$ by ,/4 ,epiphanius1 ! surname ( ,joseph's fa!r1 or r1 z is ass]t$ by ,/4 ,john ,damasc5e1 ! prop] "n ( ,m>y's gr&fa!r4 ,z to ! situation ( s]vant1 ) :i* ,jesus 0 reproa*$1 ,he decl>es ,himself t ,he came n to be s]v$1 b to s]ve4 ,zoroa/]1 accord+ to ! ,arabians1 _h 9 l mann] be5 ! s]vant ( ,esdras4 ,epictetus 0 ev5 born 9 s]vitude4 ,accord+ly1 ,/4 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem ju/ly obs]v$ t x is no disgrace to any man4 ,on ! subject ( ! miracles1 we le>n inde$ f ,pl9y t ! ,egyptians _h ! secret ( dye+ ) diff]5t colors1 /uffs :i* 7 dipp$ 9 ! v same furnace1 & ?is is "o ( ! miracles :i* ! gospel ( ! ,infancy attributes to ,jesus4 ,b1 accord+ to ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 ,jesus p]=m$ no miracle be=e ,8 baptism1 & ^? /at$ to h be5 wr\ght by ,him be=e are absolute fabrications4 ,! reason assign$ by ?is fa!r = su* an arrangem5t is1 t ! wisdom ( ,god det]m9$ aga9/ ,*ri/'s p]=m+ any miracles 9 ,8 *ildhood1 le/ !y %\ld h be5 reg>d$ z impo/ures4 ,epiphanius 9 va9 alleges t to d5y ! miracles ascrib$ by "s to ,jesus dur+ ,8 infancy1 w\ld furni% h]etics ) a speci\s pretext = say+ t ,he became ,son ( ,god only 9 consequ5ce ( ! effusion ( ! ,holy ,_s1 :i* desc5d$ ^u ,him at ,8 baptism2 we are cont5d+ "h1 n aga9/ h]etics1 b aga9/ ,jews4 ,mr4 ,wag5seil has pres5t$ u ) a ,lat9 translation ( a ,jewi% "w entitl$ ,toldos ,jes*u1 9 :i* x is relat$ t ,jes*u1 be+ at ,be?lehem 9 ,judah1 ! place ( 8 bir?1 cri$ out al\d1 ,:o are ! wick$ m5 t pret5d ,i am a ba/>d1 & spr+ f an impure orig98 ,!y are !mselves ba/>ds1 !mselves exce$+ly impure6 ,0 ,i n born ( a virg9 "m8 ,& ,i ent]$ ?r\gh ! cr[n ( h] head6 ,?is te/imony appe>$ ( su* importance to ,m4 ,b]gi]1 t t le>n$ div9e felt no scruple ab\t employ+ x )\t quot+ 8 au?ority4 ,! foll[+ are 8 words1 9 ! tw5ty-?ird page ( ! ,c]ta9ty ( ! ,pro(s ( ,*ri/ianity3 ,jesus 0 born ( a virg9 by ! op]ation ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,jesus ,himself frequ5tly assur$ u ( ?is ) ,8 own m\?2 & to ! same purpose is ! recital ( ! apo/les4 ,x is c]ta9 t ^! words are only to be f\nd 9 ! ,toldos ,jes*u2 & ! c]ta9ty ( t pro(1 among ^? adduc$ by ,m4 ,b]gi]1 subsi/s1 al?\gh ,/4 ,mat!w applies to ,jesus ! passage ( ,isaiah3 ,he %all n dispute1 he %all n cry al\d1 & no "o %all he> 8 voice 9 ! /reets4 ,accord+ to ,/4 ,j]ome1 !re 0 9 l mann] an anci5t tradition among ! ,gymnosophi/s ( ,india1 t ,buddha1 ! au?or ( _! cre$1 0 born ( a virg91 :o 0 deliv]$ ( him f h] side4 ,9 ! same mann] 0 born ,julius ,cs>1 ,scipio ,africanus1 ,manlius1 ,edw>d ,,vi4 ( ,engl&1 & o!rs1 by means ( an op]ation call$ by surgeons ! ,cs>ian op]ation1 because x consi/s 9 ab/ract+ ! *ild f ! womb by an incision 9 ! abdom5 ( ! "m4 ,simon1 surnam$ ! ,magician1 & ,manes bo? pret5d$ to h be5 born ( virg9s4 ,?is might1 h[ev]1 m]ely mean1 t _! mo!rs 7 virg9s at ! "t ( conceiv+ !m4 ,b 9 ord] to be conv9c$ ( ! unc]ta9ty att5d+ ! m>ks & evid5ces ( virg9ity1 x w be p]fectly suffici5t to read ! comm5t>y ( ,m4 de ,pompignan1 ! celebrat$ bi%op ( ,puy en ,velai1 on ! foll[+ passage 9 ! ,book ( ,prov]bs3 ,!re are ?ree ?+s :i* are too wond]ful = me1 yea1 f\r :i* ,i "k n4 ,! way ( an eagle 9 ! air1 ! way ( a s]p5t ^u a rock1 ! way ( a %ip 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea1 & ! way ( a man 9 8 y\?4 ,9 ord] to give a lit]al translation ( ! passage1 accord+ to ?is prelate 79 ! ?ird *apt] ( ! second "p ( 8 "w entitl$ ,infidelity ,conv9c$ by ! ,prophecies71 x w\ld h be5 necess>y to say1 ,viam viri 9 virg9e adolesc5tula--,! way ( a man ) a maid4 ,! translation ( our ,vulgate1 says he1 sub/itutes ano!r mean+1 exact inde$ & true1 b less con=mable to ! orig9al text4 ,9 %ort1 he corroborates 8 curi\s int]pretation by ! analogy betwe5 ?is v]se & ! foll[+ "o3 ,su* is ! life ( ! adult]\s woman1 :o1 aft] hav+ eat51 wipe? h] m\? & sai?1 ,i h done no wick$ness4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ! virg9ity ( ,m>y 0 n g5]ally admitt$1 ev5 at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury4 ,_m h ent]ta9$ ! op9ion & d /ill1 said ,/4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 t ,m>y 0 deliv]$ ( a son )\t t deliv]y produc+ any *ange 9 h] p]son2 = "s say t a midwife :o visit$ h] aft] ! bir? f\nd h] to reta9 all ! m>ks ( virg9ity4 ,x is cle> t ,/4 ,clem5t ref]s "h to ! gospel ( ! conception ( ,m>y1 9 :i* ! angel ,gabriel says to h]1 ,)\t int]c\rse ) man1 ?\1 a virg91 %alt conceive1 ?\1 a virg91 %alt be deliv]$ ( a *ild1 ?\1 a virg91 %alt give suck2 & also to ! fir/ gospel ( ,james1 9 :i* ! midwife exclaims1 ,:at an unhe>d-( wond]6 ,m>y has j br\ght a son into ! _w1 & yet reta9s all ! evid5ces ( virg9ity4 ,^! two gospels 71 nev]!less1 subsequ5tly reject$ z apocryphal1 al?\gh on ?is po9t !y 7 con=mable to ! op9ion adopt$ by ! *ur*2 ! scaffold+ 0 remov$ aft] ! build+ 0 complet$4 ,:at is add$ by ,jes*u--,i ent]$ by ! cr[n ( ! head--0 likewise ! op9ion held by ! *ur*4 ,! ,brevi>y ( ! ,m>onites repres5ts ! ^w ( ! ,fa!r z hav+ ent]$ by ! e> ( ! bless$ woman4 ,/4 ,augu/9e & ,pope ,felix say expressly t ! virg9 became pregnant ?r\gh ! e>4 ,/4 ,ephrem says ! same 9 a hymn1 & ,vois91 8 translator1 obs]ves t ! idea came orig9ally f ,gregory ( ,neocs>ea1 surnam$ ,?aumaturgos4 ,agob> relates t 9 8 "t ! *ur* sang 9 ! "t ( public s]vice3 ,! ,^w ent]$ ?r\gh ! e> ( ! virg91 & came out at ! gold5 gate4 ,euty*ius speaks also ( ,elian1 :o att5d$ at ! ,c\ncil ( ,nice1 & :o said t ! ,^w ent]$ by ! e> ( ! virg91 & came out 9 ! way ( *ildbir?4 ,?is ,elian 0 a rural bi%op1 ^: "n occurs 9 ,seld5's publi%$ ,arabic ,li/ ( ,fa!rs :o att5d$ ! ,c\ncil ( ,nice4 ,x is well kn[n t ! ,jesuit ,san*ez gravely discuss$ ! "q :e!r ! ,virg9 ,m>y contribut$ sem9ally 9 ! inc>nation ( ,*ri/1 & t1 l o!r div9es be=e him1 he conclud$ 9 ! affirmative4 ,b ^! extravagances ( a pruri5t & deprav$ imag9ation %\ld be class$ ) ! op9ion ( ,aret91 :o introduces ! ,holy ,_s on ?is occasion effect+ 8 purpose "u ! figure ( a dove2 z my?ology describes ,jupit] to h succe$$ ) ,l$a 9 ! =m ( a swan1 or z ! mo/ em95t au?ors ( ! *ur*--,/4 ,au/91 ,a!nagoras1 ,t]tullian1 ,/4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 ,/4 ,cyprian1 ,lactantius1 ,/4 ,ambrose--& o!rs believ$1 aft] ,philo & ,josephus1 ! hi/orian1 :o 7 ,jews1 t angels _h associat$ ) ! daught]s ( m51 & engag$ 9 sexual connection ) !m4 ,/4 ,augu/9e goes s f> z to *>ge ! ,mani*ans ) tea*+1 z a "p ( _! religi\s p]suasion1 t beautiful "y p]sons appe>$ 9 a /ate ( nature be=e ! pr9ces ( d>kness1 or evil angels1 & depriv$ !m ( ! vital sub/ance :i* t fa!r calls ! nature ( ,god4 ,h]odius is /ill m explicit1 & says t ! div9e maje/y escap$ ?r\gh ! productive organs ( demons4 ,x is true t all ^! fa!rs believ$ angels to be corporeal4 ,b1 aft] ! works ( ,plato _h e/abli%$ ! idea ( _! spirituality1 ! anci5t op9ion ( a corporeal union betwe5 angels & wom5 0 expla9$ by ! supposition t ! same angel :o1 9 a woman's =m1 _h receiv$ ! embraces ( a man1 9 turn held communication ) a woman1 9 ! "* ( a man4 ,div9es1 by ! t]ms incubus & succubus1 designate ! diff]5t p>ts ?us p]=m$ by angels4 ,^? :o are curi\s on ! subject ( ^! (f5sive & revolt+ rev]ies may see fur!r details 9 ,v>i\s ,read+s ( ! ,book ( ,g5esis1 by ,o?o ,gualt]2 ,magical ,disquisitions1 by ,delvis1 & ! ,disc\rses on ,wit*craft1 by ,h5ry ,boguet4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,no g5ealogy1 ev5 al?\gh repr9t$ 9 ,morri1 approa*es t ( ,mahomet or ,mahomm$1 ! son ( ,abdallah1 ! son ( ,abd'all ,montaleb1 ! son ( ,a%em2 :i* ,mahomet 01 9 8 y\ng] days1 groom ( ! wid[ ,khadijah1 !n h] factor1 !n h] husb&1 !n a prophet ( ,god1 !n condemn$ to be hang$1 !n conqu]or & k+ ( ,arabia2 & :o f9ally di$ an enviable dea?1 satiat$ ) glory & ) love4 ,! ,g]man b>ons d n trace back _! orig9 beyond ,witik9d2 & our mod]n ,fr5* m>quises c sc>cely any ( !m %[ de$s & pat5ts ( an e>li] date ?an ,*>lemagne4 ,b ! race ( ,mahomet1 or ,mohamm$1 :i* /ill exi/s1 has always exhibit$ a g5ealogical tree1 ( :i* ! trunk is ,adam1 & ( :i* ! bran*es rea* f ,i%mael d[n to ! nobility & g5try :o at ! pres5t day be> ! high title ( c\s9s ( ,mahomet4 ,!re is no difficulty ab\t ?is g5ealogy1 no dispute among ! le>n$1 no false calculations to be rectifi$1 no contradictions to palliate1 no impossibilities to be made possible4 ,y\r pride cavils aga9/ ! au!nticity ( ^! titles4 ,y tell me t y are desc5d$ f ,adam z well z ! greate/ prophet1 if ,adam 0 ! common fa!r ( our race2 b t ?is same ,adam 0 nev] kn[n by any p]son1 n ev5 by ! anci5t ,arabs !mselves2 t ! "n has nev] be5 cit$ except 9 ! books ( ! ,jews2 & t1 consequ5tly1 y take ! lib]ty ( writ+ d[n false aga9/ ! high & noble claims ( ,mahomet1 or ,mohamm$4 ,y add t1 9 any case1 if !re has be5 a fir/ man1 :atev] 8 "n might be1 y are a desc5dant f him z decid$ly z ,khadijah's illu/ri\s groom2 & t1 if !re has be5 no fir/ man1 if ! human race always exi/$1 z s _m ( ! le>n$ pret5d1 !n y are cle>ly a g5tleman f all et]nity4 ,9 answ] to ?is y are told t y are a plebeian 7roturi]7 f all et]nity1 unless y c produce a regul> & complete set ( p>*m5ts4 ,y reply t m5 are equal2 t "o race _c be m anci5t ?an ano!r2 t p>*m5ts1 ) bits ( wax dangl+ to !m1 are a rec5t inv5tion2 t !re is no reason t compels y to yield to ! family ( ,mahomet1 or to t ( ,confucius2 or to t ( ! emp]ors ( ,japan2 or to ! royal secret>ies ( ! gr& college4 ,nor c ,i oppose y\r op9ion by argum5ts1 physical1 metaphysical1 or moral4 ,y ?9k y\rself equal to ! dairo ( ,japan1 & ,i entirely agree ) y4 ,all t ,i w\ld advise y is1 t if ev] y meet ) him1 y take good c>e to be ! /rong]4 ,,g5esis4 ,! sacr$ writ] hav+ con=m$ himself to ! ideas g5]ally receiv$1 & be+ inde$ oblig$ n to deviate f !m1 z )\t su* condesc5sion to ! weakness & ignorance ( ^? :om he address$1 he w\ld n h be5 und]/ood1 x only rema9s = u to make "s obs]vations on ! natural philosophy prevail+ 9 ^? e>ly p]iods2 =1 ) respect to !ology1 we rev]5ce x1 we believe 9 x1 & nev] ei!r dispute or discuss x4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ ! heav5 & ! e>?4 ,?us has ! orig9al passage be5 translat$1 b ! translation is n correct4 ,!re is no "o1 h[ev] slightly in=m$ ^u ! subject1 :o is n aw>e t ! real mean+ ( ! ^w is1 ,9 ! beg9n+ ! gods made fir5t or fit ! heav5 & ! e>?4 ,?is read+1 moreov]1 p]fectly corresponds ) ! anci5t idea ( ! ,phnicians1 :o imag9$ t1 9 r$uc+ ! *aos 7*aut]eb7 into ord]1 ,god employ$ ! ag5cy ( inf]ior deities4 ,! ,phnicians _h be5 long a p[]ful p1 hav+ a !ogony ( _! own1 be=e ! ,hebrews became possess$ ( a few cantons ( l& ne> _! t]ritory4 ,x is extremely natural to suppose t :5 ! ,hebrews _h at l5g? =m$ a small e/abli%m5t ne> ,phnicia1 !y began to acquire its language4 ,at t "t _! writ]s might1 & probably did1 borr[ ! anci5t philosophy ( _! ma/]s4 ,su* is ! regul> m>* ( ! human m9d4 ,at ! "t 9 :i* ,moses is suppos$ to h liv$1 7 ! ,phnician philosoph]s suffici5tly enlight5$ to reg>d ! e>? z a m]e po9t 9 ! compass ) ! inf9ite orbs plac$ by ,god 9 ! imm5sity ( space1 commonly call$ heav58 ,! idea s v anci5t1 & at ! same "t s utt]ly false1 t heav5 0 made = e>?1 almo/ always prevail$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! great mass ( ! p4 ,x w\ld c]ta9ly be j z correct & judici\s = any p]son to suppose1 if told t ,god creat$ all ! m\nta9s & a s+le gra9 ( s&1 t ! m\nta9s 7 creat$ = t gra9 ( s&4 ,x is sc>cely possible t ! ,phnicians1 :o 7 su* excell5t navigators1 %\ld n h _h "s good a/ronom]s2 b ! old prejudices g5]ally prevail$1 & ^? old prejudices 7 v prop]ly sp>$ & indulg$ by ! au?or ( ! ,book ( ,g5esis1 :o wrote to in/ruct m5 9 ! ways ( ,god1 & n 9 natural philosophy4 ,! e>? 0 )\t =m 7tohu bohu7 & void2 d>kness re/$ ^u ! face ( ! deep1 & ! _s ( ,god mov$ ^u ! surface ( ! wat]s4 ,tohu bohu means precisely *aos1 disord]4 ,x is "o ( ^? imitative words :i* are to be f\nd 9 all languages2 z1 = example1 9 ! ,fr5* we h s5s dessus dess\s1 t9tam>re1 trictrac1 tonn]re1 bombe4 ,! e>? 0 n z yet =m$ 9 its pres5t /ate2 ! matt] exi/$1 b ! div9e p[] _h n yet arrang$ x4 ,! _s ( ,god means lit]ally ! brea?1 ! w9d1 :i* agitat$ ! wat]s4 ,! same idea occurs 9 ! ,fragm5ts ( ! ,phnician au?or ,san*onia?on4 ,! ,phnicians1 l e o!r p1 believ$ matt] to be et]nal4 ,!re is n a s+le au?or ( antiquity :o ev] repres5t$ some?+ to h be5 produc$ f no?+4 ,ev5 ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,bible1 no passage is to be f\nd 9 :i* matt] is said to h be5 creat$ out ( no?+4 ,n1 h[ev]1 t we mean to controv]t ! tru? ( su* creation4 ,x 01 nev]!less1 a tru? n kn[n by ! c>nal ,jews4 ,on ! "q ( ! et]nity ( ! _w1 mank9d has always be5 divid$1 b nev] on t ( ! et]nity ( matt]4 ,f no?+1 no?+ c proce$1 nor into no?+ c aught exi/5t return4 ,de nihilo nihilum1 et 9 nihilum nil posse gigni rev]ti4 7,p]sius2 ,sat4 iii47 ,su* 0 ! op9ion ( all antiquity4 ,god said let !re be light1 & !re 0 light2 & he saw t ! light 0 good1 & he divid$ ! light f ! d>kness2 & he call$ ! light day1 & ! d>kness night2 & ! ev5+ & ! morn+ 7 ! fir/ day4 ,& ,god said also1 let !re be a firmam5t 9 ! mid/ ( ! wat]s1 & let x divide ! wat]s f ! wat]s4 ,& ,god made ! firmam5t1 & divid$ ! wat]s :i* 7 "u ! firmam5t f ! wat]s :i* 7 above ! firmam5t4 ,& ,god call$ ! firmam5t heav54 ,& ! ev5+ & ! morn+ 7 ! second day4444 ,& he saw t x 0 good4 ,we beg9 ) exam9+ :e!r ,huet1 bi%op ( ,avran*es1 ,lecl]c1 & "s o!r comm5tators1 are n 9 ! "r 9 oppos+ ! idea ( ^? :o consid] ?is passage z exhibit+ ! mo/ sublime eloqu5ce4 ,eloqu5ce is n aim$ at 9 any hi/ory writt5 by ! ,jews4 ,! /yle ( ! passage 9 "q1 l t ( all ! re/ ( ! "w1 possesses ! mo/ p]fect simplicity4 ,if an orator1 int5d+ to give "s idea ( ! p[] ( ,god1 employ$ = t purpose ! %ort & simple expression we are consid]+1 ,he said1 let !re be light1 & !re 0 light1 x w\ld !n be sublime4 ,exactly simil> is ! passage 9 "o ( ! ,psalms1 ,dixit1 et facta sunt--,he spake1 & !y 7 made4 ,x is a trait :i*1 be+ unique 9 ?is place1 & introduc$ purposely 9 ord] to create a maje/ic image1 elevates & transports ! m9d4 ,b1 9 ! in/ance "u exam9ation1 ! n>rative is ( ! mo/ simple "*4 ,! ,jewi% writ] is speak+ ( light j 9 ! same unambiti\s mann] z ( o!r objects ( creation2 he expresses himself equally & regul>ly aft] e article1 & ,god saw t x 0 good4 ,ev]y?+ is sublime 9 ! c\rse or act ( creation1 unque/ionably1 b ! creation ( light is no m s ?an t ( ! h]bs ( ! field2 ! sublime is some?+ :i* so>s f> f ! re/1 :]eas all is equal ?r\gh\t ! *apt]4 ,b fur!r1 x 0 ano!r v anci5t op9ion t light did n proce$ f ! sun4 ,x 0 se5 diffus$ ?r\gh\t ! atmosph]e1 be=e ! ris+ & aft] ! sett+ ( t />2 ! sun 0 suppos$ m]ely to give x great] /r5g? & cle>ness2 accord+ly ! au?or ( ,g5esis accommodates himself to ?is popul> error1 & ev5 /ates ! creation ( ! sun & moon n to h tak5 place until f\r days aft] ! exi/5ce ( light4 ,x 0 impossible t !re c\ld be a morn+ & ev5+ be=e ! exi/5ce ( a sun4 ,! inspir$ writ] deign$1 9 ?is in/ance1 to condesc5d to ! gross & wild ideas ( ! nation4 ,! object ( ,god 0 n to tea* ! ,jews philosophy4 ,he might h rais$ _! m9ds to ! tru?1 b he pref]r$ desc5d+ to _! error4 ,?is solution c nev] be too frequ5tly repeat$4 ,! sep>ation ( ! light f ! d>kness is a "p ( ! same sy/em ( philosophy4 ,x w\ld seem t night & day 7 mix$ up toge!r1 z gra9s ( diff]5t species :i* are easily sep>able f ea* o!r4 ,x is suffici5tly kn[n t d>kness is no?+ b ! abs5ce ( light1 & t !re is 9 fact no light :5 our eyes receive no s5sation ( x2 b at t p]iod ^! tru?s 7 f> f be+ kn[n4 ,! idea ( a firmam5t1 aga91 is ( ! v highe/ antiquity4 ,! heav5s are imag9$ to be a solid mass1 because !y always exhibit$ ! same ph5om5a4 ,!y roll$ ov] our heads1 !y 7 !re=e con/itut$ ( ! mo/ solid mat]ials4 ,:o c\ld suppose t ! exhalations f ! l& & sea suppli$ ! wat] desc5d+ f ! cl\ds1 or compute _! correspond+ quantities8 ,no ,halley !n liv$ to make s curi\s a calculation4 ,! heav5s !re=e 7 conceiv$ to conta9 res]voirs4 ,^! res]voirs c\ld be support$ only on a /rong ar*1 & z ?is ar* ( heav5 0 actually transp>5t1 x mu/ necess>ily h be5 made ( cry/al4 ,9 ord] t ! wat]s above might desc5d f x ^u ! e>?1 sluices1 cat>acts1 & floodgates 7 necess>y1 :i* might be op5$ & %ut z circum/ances requir$4 ,su* 0 ! a/ronomy ( ! day2 &1 z ! au?or wrote = ,jews1 x 0 incumb5t ^u him to adopt _! gross ideas1 borr[$ f o!r p some:at less gross ?an !mselves4 ,god also made two great lights1 "o to rule ! day1 ! o!r ! night2 ,he also made ! />s4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t we p]ceive ?r\gh\t ! same ignorance ( nature4 ,! ,jews did n "k t ! moon %one only ) a reflect$ light4 ,! au?or "h speaks ( />s z ( m]e lum9\s po9ts1 su* z !y appe>1 al?\gh !y are 9 fact s _m suns1 hav+ ea* ( !m worlds revolv+ r\nd x4 ,! ,holy ,_s1 !n1 accommodat$ ,himself to ! _s ( ! times4 ,if ,he _h said t ! sun 0 a million times l>g] ?an ! e>?1 & ! moon fifty times small]1 no "o w\ld h compreh5d$ ,him4 ,!y appe> to u two />s ( ne>ly equal size4 ,god said1 also1 let u make man 9 our own image1 & let him h dom9ion ov] ! fi%es4 ,:at mean+ did ! ,jews atta* to ! expression1 let u make man 9 our own image8 ,! same z all antiquity atta*$ to x3 ,f9xit 9 effigiem mod]antum cuncta deorum4 7,ovid1 ,metam4 i4 #hb47 ,no images are made b ( bodies4 ,no nation ev] imag9$ a ,god )\t body1 & x is impossible to repres5t ,him o!rwise4 ,we may inde$ say t ,god is no?+ t we are acqua9t$ )1 b we c h no idea ( :at ,he is4 ,! ,jews inv>iably conceiv$ ,god to be corporeal1 z well z e o!r p4 ,all ! fir/ fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 also1 ent]ta9$ ! same belief till !y _h embrac$ ! ideas ( ,plato1 or r until ! light ( ,*ri/ianity became m pure4 ,he creat$ !m male & female4 ,if ,god1 ( ! second>y or inf]ior gods1 creat$ mank9d1 male & female1 aft] _! own lik5ess1 x w\ld seem 9 t case1 z if ! ,jews believ$ t ,god & ! gods :o s =m$ !m 7 male & female4 ,x has be5 a subject ( discussion1 :e!r ! au?or means to say t man _h orig9ally two sexes1 or m]ely t ,god made ,adam & ,eve on ! same day4 ,! mo/ natural mean+ is t ,god =m$ ,adam & ,eve at ! same "t2 b ?is int]pretation involves an absolute contradiction to ! /atem5t ( ! woman's be+ made out ( ! rib ( man aft] ! sev5 days 7 conclud$4 ,& he re/$ on ! sev5? day4 ,! ,phnicians1 ,*aldans1 & ,indians1 repres5t$ ,god z hav+ made ! _w 9 six p]iods1 :i* ! anci5t ,zoroa/] calls ! six ,gahanb>s1 s celebrat$ among ! ,p]sians4 ,x is beyond all "q t ^! nations possess$ a !ology be=e ! ,jews inhabit$ ! des]ts ( ,horeb & ,s9ai1 & be=e !y c\ld possibly h _h any writ]s4 ,_m writ]s h consid]$ x probable t ! allegory ( six days 0 imitat$ f t ( ! six p]iods4 ,god may h p]mitt$ ! idea to h prevail$ 9 l>ge & popul\s empires be=e he inspir$ ! ,jewi% p ) x4 ,he _h und\bt$ly p]mitt$ o!r p to inv5t ! arts be=e ! ,jews 7 9 possession ( any "o ( !m4 ,f ?is pleasant place a riv] w5t out :i* wat]$ ! g>d51 & !nce x 0 divid$ into f\r riv]s4 ,"o 0 call$ ,pison1 :i* compass$ ! :ole l& ( ,havilah1 :5ce come? gold4444 ! second 0 call$ ,gihon & surr\nds ,e?iopia4444 ! ?ird is ! ,tigris1 & ! f\r? ! ,euphrates4 ,accord+ to ?is v]sion1 ! e>?ly p>adise w\ld h conta9$ ne>ly a ?ird "p ( ,asia & ( ,africa4 ,! s\rces ( ! ,euphrates & ! ,tigris are sixty leagues di/ant f ea* o!r1 9 frightful m\nta9s1 be>+ no possible resemblance to a g>d54 ,! riv] :i* bord]s ,e?iopia1 & :i* c be no o!r ?an ! ,nile1 comm5ces its c\rse at ! di/ance ( m ?an a ?\s& leagues f ! s\rces ( ! ,tigris & ,euphrates2 &1 if ! ,pison means ! ,phasis1 x is n a little surpris+ t ! s\rce ( a ,scy?ian riv] & t ( an ,african "o %\ld be situat$ on ! same spot4 ,we mu/ !re=e look = "s o!r explanation1 & = o!r riv]s4 ,e comm5tator has got up a p>adise ( 8 own4 ,x has be5 said t ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 resembles ! g>d5s ( ,ed5 at ,saana 9 ,arabia ,felix1 celebrat$ ?r\gh\t all antiquity2 t ! ,hebrews1 a v rec5t p1 might be an ,arabian horde1 & assume to !mselves ! honor ( ! mo/ beautiful spot 9 ! f9e/ di/rict ( ,arabia2 & t !y h always conv]t$ to _! own purposes ! anci5t traditions ( ! va/ & p[]ful nations 9 ! mid/ ( :om !y 7 9 bondage4 ,!y 7 n1 h[ev]1 on ?is acc\nt1 ! less "u ! div9e protection & guidance4 ,! ,"l !n took ! man & put him into ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 t he might cultivate x4 ,x is v respectable & pleasant = a man to cultivate 8 g>d51 b x mu/ h be5 some:at difficult = ,adam to h dress$ & kept 9 ord] a g>d5 ( a ?\s& leagues 9 l5g?1 ev5 al?\gh he _h be5 suppli$ ) "s assi/ants4 ,comm5tators on ?is subject1 !re=e1 we aga9 obs]ve1 are completely at a loss1 & mu/ be cont5t to ex]cise _! +5uity 9 conjecture4 ,accord+ly1 ^! f\r riv]s h be5 describ$ z fl[+ ?r\gh numb]less diff]5t t]ritories4 ,eat n ( ! fruit ( ! tree ( k ( good & evil4 ,x is n easy to conceive t !re ev] exi/$ a tree :i* c\ld tea* good & evil1 z !re are trees t be> pe>s & apricots4 ,& besides ! "q is ask$1 :y is ,god unwill+ t man %\ld "k good & evil8 ,w\ld n 8 free access to ?is k1 on ! contr>y1 appe>--if we may v5ture to use su* language--m wor?y ( ,god1 & f> m necess>y to man8 ,to our weak reason x w\ld seem m natural & prop] = ,god to comm& him to eat l>gely ( su* fruit2 b we mu/ br+ our reason "u subjection1 & acquiesce ) humility & simplicity 9 ! conclusion t ,god is to be obey$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,temptation ,,( ,,adam ,if ?\ %alt eat !re(1 ?\ %alt die4 ,nev]!less1 ,adam ate ( x & did n die2 on ! contr>y1 he is /at$ to h liv$ on = n9e hundr$ & ?irty ye>s4 ,_m ( ! fa!rs consid]$ ! :ole matt] z an allegory4 ,9 fact1 x might be said t all o!r animals h no k t !y %all die1 b t man1 by means ( 8 reason1 has su* k4 ,?is reason is ! tree ( k :i* enables him to =esee 8 end4 ,?is1 p]haps1 is ! mo/ rational int]pretation t c be giv54 ,we v5ture n to decide positively4 ,! ,"l said1 also1 x is n good = man to be alone2 let u make him a helpmeet = him4 ,we naturally expect t ! ,"l is ab\t to be/[ on him a wife2 b fir/ he conducts be=e him all ! v>i\s tribes ( animals4 ,p]haps ! copyi/ may h committ$ "h an error ( transposition4 ,& ! "n :i* ,adam gave to e animal is its true "n4 ,:at we %\ld naturally und]/& by ! true "n ( an animal1 w\ld be a "n describ+ all1 or at lea/1 ! pr9cipal prop]ties ( its species4 ,b ?is is n ! case 9 any language4 ,9 ea* !re are "s imitative words1 z coq & cocu 9 ! ,celtic1 :i* be> "s slight simil>ity to ! notes ( ! cock & ! cuckoo2 t9tam>re1 trictrac1 9 ,fr5*2 alali1 9 ,greek2 lupus1 9 ,lat91 etc4 ,b ^! imitative words are exce$+ly few4 ,moreov]1 if ,adam _h ?us ?or\ghly kn[n ! prop]ties ( v>i\s animals1 he mu/ ei!r h previ\sly eat5 ( ! fruit ( ! tree ( k1 or x w\ld app>5tly h answ]$ no end = ,god to h int]dict$ him f x4 ,he mu/ h already kn[n m ?an ! ,royal ,society ( ,london1 & ! ,academy ( ! ,sci5ces4 ,x may be rem>k$ t ?is is ! fir/ "t ! "n ( ,adam occurs 9 ! ,book ( ,g5esis4 ,! fir/ man1 accord+ to ! anci5t ,brahm9s1 :o 7 prodigi\sly ant]ior to ! ,jews1 0 call$ ,adimo1 a son ( ! e>?1 & 8 wife1 ,procris1 life4 ,?is is record$ 9 ! ,v$as1 9 ! hi/ory ( ! second =mation ( ! _w4 ,adam & ,eve express$ p]fectly ! same mean+s 9 ! ,pho5ician language--a new evid5ce ( ! ,holy ,_s's con=m+ ,himself to commonly receiv$ ideas4 ,:5 ,adam 0 asleep ,god took "o ( 8 ribs & put fle% in/ead !re(2 & ( ! rib :i* he _h tak5 f ,adam he =m$ a woman1 & he br\ght ! woman to ,adam4 ,9 ! previ\s *apt] ! ,"l _h already creat$ ! male & ! female2 :y1 !re=e1 remove a rib f ! man to =m out ( x a woman :o 0 already 9 be+8 ,x is answ]$ t ! au?or b>ely ann\nces 9 ! "o case :at he expla9s 9 ano!r4 ,x is answ]$ fur!r t ?is allegory places ! wife 9 subjection to h] husb&1 & expresses _! intimate union4 ,_m p]sons h be5 l$ to imag9e f ?is v]se t m5 h "o rib less ?an wom52 b ?is is a h]esy1 & anatomy in=ms u t a wife has no m ribs ?an h] husb&4 ,b ! s]p5t 0 m subtle ?an all animals on ! e>?2 he said to ! woman1 etc4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ?is article !re is no m5tion made ( ! devil4 ,ev]y?+ 9 x relates to ! usual c\rse ( nature4 ,! s]p5t 0 consid]$ by all ori5tal nations1 n only z ! mo/ cunn+ ( all animals1 b likewise z immortal4 ,! ,*aldans _h a fable conc]n+ a qu>rel betwe5 ,god & ! s]p5t1 & ?is fable _h be5 pres]v$ by ,ph]ecydes4 ,orig5 cites x 9 8 six? book aga9/ ,celsus4 ,a s]p5t 0 borne 9 procession at ! fea/s ( ,bac*us4 ,! ,egyptians1 accord+ to ! /atem5t ( ,eusebius 9 ! fir/ book ( ! t5? *apt] ( 8 ,evangelical ,prep>ation1 atta*$ a sort ( div9ity to ! s]p5t4 ,9 ,arabia1 ,india1 & ev5 ,*9a1 ! s]p5t 0 reg>d$ z a symbol ( life2 & h5ce x 0 t ! emp]ors ( ,*9a1 long be=e ! "t ( ,moses1 always bore ^u _! brea/ ! image ( a s]p5t4 ,eve expresses no a/oni%m5t at ! s]p5t's speak+ to h]4 ,9 all anci5t hi/ories1 animals h spok52 h5ce ,pilpay & ,lokman excit$ no surprise by _! introduction ( animals conv]s+ & disput+4 ,! :ole ( ?is affair appe>s s cle>ly to h be5 suppos$ 9 ! natural c\rse ( ev5ts1 & s unconnect$ ) any?+ allegorical1 t ! n>rative assigns a reason :y ! s]p5t1 f t "t1 has mov$ creep+ on its belly1 :y we always are eag] to cru% x "u our feet1 & :y x always attempts--at lea/ accord+ to ! popul> belief--to bite & w\nd u4 ,precisely z1 ) respect to presum$ *anges affect+ c]ta9 animals record$ 9 anci5t fable1 reasons 7 /at$ :y ! cr[ :i* orig9ally _h be5 :ite is at ! pres5t day black2 :y ! owl quits 8 gloomy retreat only by night2 :y ! wolf is devot$ to c>nage4 ,! fa!rs1 h[ev]1 believ$ ! affair to be an allegory at once cle> & v5]able4 ,! safe/ way is to believe l !m4 ,i w multiply ?y sorr[ & ?y conception2 9 sorr[ %alt ?\ br+ =? *ildr54 ,?\ %alt be "u ! p[] ( ! man1 & he %all rule ov] !e4 ,:y1 x is ask$1 %\ld ! multiplication ( conception be a puni%m5t8 ,x 01 on ! contr>y1 says ! objector1 e/eem$ a sup]ior bless+1 p>ticul>ly among ! ,jews4 ,! pa9s ( *ildbir? are inconsid]able1 9 all except v weak or delicate wom54 ,^? accu/om$ to labor are deliv]$1 p>ticul>ly 9 w>m climates1 ) great ease4 ,brutes frequ5tly exp]i5ce great] suff]+ f ?is process ( nature3 "s ev5 die "u x4 ,& ) respect to ! sup]iority or dom9ion ( ! man ov] ! woman1 x is m]ely 9 ! natural c\rse ( ev5ts2 x is ! effect ( /r5g? ( body1 & ev5 ( /r5g? ( m9d4 ,m51 g5]ally speak+1 possess organs m capable ( cont9u$ att5tion ?an wom51 & are bett] fitt$ by nature = labors bo? ( ! head & arm4 ,b :5 a woman possesses bo? a h& & a m9d m p[]ful ?an h] husb&'s1 %e ev]y:]e possesses ! dom9ion ov] him2 x is !n ! husb& t is "u subjection to ! wife4 ,!re is c]ta9ly tru? 9 ^! rem>ks2 b x might1 nev]!less1 v easily be ! fact t1 be=e ! commission ( ! orig9al s91 nei!r subjection nor sorr[ exi/$4 ,! ,"l made = !m coats ( sk9s4 ,?is passage decid$ly proves t ! ,jews believ$ ,god to be corporeal4 ,a rabbi1 ( ! "n ( ,eliez]1 /at$ 9 8 works t ,god clo!d ,adam & ,eve ) ! sk9 ( ! v s]p5t :o _h tempt$ !m2 & ,orig5 ma9ta9s t ?is coat ( sk9s 0 a new fle%1 a new body1 :i* ,god conf]r$ on man4 ,x is f> bett] to adh]e respectfully to ! lit]al texts4 ,& ! ,"l said2 ,lo6 ,adam is become l "o ( u4 ,x seems z if ! ,jews admitt$1 orig9ally1 _m gods4 ,x is some:at m difficult to det]m9e :at !y meant by ! ^w ,god1 ,elohim4 ,"s comm5tators h cont5d$ t ! expression "o ( u signifies ! ,tr9ity4 ,b c]ta9ly !re is no?+ relat+ to ! ,tr9ity ?r\gh\t ! ,bible4 ,! ,tr9ity is n a comp\nd ( _m or sev]al ,gods3 x is "o & ! same god ?reefold2 & ! ,jews nev] he>d ! slighte/ m5tion ( "o god 9 ?ree p]sons4 ,by ! words l u1 or z "o ( u1 x is probable t ! ,jews und]/ood ! angels1 ,elohim4 ,x is ?is passage :i* has induc$ _m le>n$ m5 v ra%ly to conclude t ?is book 0 n writt5 until t p _h adopt$ ! belief ( ^? inf]ior gods4 ,b ?is op9ion has be5 condemn$4 ,! ,"l s5t him =? f ! g>d5 ( ,ed5 to cultivate ! gr\nd4 ,b1 x is rem>k$ by "s1 ! ,"l _h plac$ him 9 ! g>d5 ( ,ed5 to cultivate t g>d54 ,if ,adam1 in/ead ( be+ a g>d5]1 m]ely becomes a labor]1 8 situation1 !y obs]ve1 is n made v mu* worse by ! *ange4 ,a good labor] is well wor? a good g>d5]4 ,^! rem>ks mu/ be reg>d$ z too light & frivol\s4 ,x appe>s m judici\s to say t ,god puni%$ disob$i5ce by bani%+ ! (f5d] f ! place ( 8 nativity4 ,! :ole ( ?is hi/ory1 g5]ally speak+--accord+ to ! op9ion ( lib]al1 n to say lic5ti\s1 comm5tators--proce$s ^u ! idea :i* has prevail$ 9 e pa/ age1 & /ill exi/s1 t ! fir/ times 7 bett] & happi] ?an ^? :i* foll[$4 ,m5 h always compla9$ ( ! pres5t & extoll$ ! pa/4 ,press$ d[n by ! labors ( life1 !y h imag9$ happ9ess to consi/ 9 inactivity1 n consid]+ t ! mo/ unhappy ( all /ates is t ( a man :o has no?+ to d4 ,!y felt !mselves frequ5tly mis]able1 & fram$ 9 _! imag9ations an ideal p]iod 9 :i* all ! _w _h be5 happy2 al?\gh x might be j z naturally & truly suppos$ t !re _h exi/$ times 9 :i* no tree decay$ & p]i%$1 9 :i* no bea/ 0 weak1 diseas$1 or dev\r$ by ano!r1 & 9 :i* spid]s did n prey ^u flies4 ,h5ce ! idea ( ! gold5 age2 ( ! egg pi]c$ by ,arimanes2 ( ! s]p5t :o /ole f ! ass ! recipe = obta9+ a happy & immortal life1 :i* ! man _h plac$ ^u 8 pack-saddle2 ( ! conflict betwe5 ,typhon & ,osiris1 & betwe5 ,oph5eus & ! gods2 ( ! fam\s box ( ,p&ora2 & ( all ^? anci5t tales1 ( :i* "s are +5i\s1 b none in/ructive4 ,b we are b\nd to believe t ! fables ( o!r nations are imitations ( ! ,hebrew hi/ory1 s9ce we possess ! anci5t hi/ory ( ! ,hebrews1 & ! e>ly books ( o!r nations are ne>ly all de/roy$4 ,besides ! te/imonies 9 favor ( ! ,book ( ,g5esis are irrefragable4 ,& ,he plac$ be=e ! g>d5 ( ,ed5 a *]ub ) a flam+ sword1 :i* turn$ all r\nd to gu>d ! way to ! tree ( life4 ,! ^w k]ub signifies ox4 ,an ox arm$ ) a flam+ sword is r a s+ul> exhibition1 x is said1 be=e a portal4 ,b ! ,jews aft]w>ds repres5t$ angels "u ! =m ( ox5 & hawks al?\gh !y 7 =bidd5 to make any images4 ,!y evid5tly d]iv$ ^! emblems ( ox5 & hawks f ! ,egyptians1 :om !y imitat$ 9 s _m o!r ?+s4 ,! ,egyptians fir/ v5]at$ ! ox z ! emblem ( agriculture1 & ! hawk z t ( ! w9ds2 b !y nev] conv]t$ ! ox into a s5t9el4 ,x is probably an allegory2 & ! ,jews by k]ub und]/ood nature4 ,x 0 a symbol =m$ ( ! head ( an ox1 ! head & body ( a man1 & ! w+s ( a hawk4 ,& ! ,"l set a m>k ^u ,ca94 ,:at ,"l8 says ! infidel4 ,he accepts ! (f]+ ( ,abel1 & rejects t ( 8 eld] bro!r1 )\t ! lea/ reason be+ assign$ = ! di/9ction4 ,by ?is proce$+ ! ,"l 0 ! cause ( animosity betwe5 ! two bro!rs4 ,we are pres5t$ 9 ?is piece ( hi/ory1 x is true1 ) a moral1 h[ev] humiliat+1 lesson2 a lesson to be d]iv$ f all ! fables ( antiquity1 t sc>cely _h ! race ( man comm5c$ ! c>e] ( exi/5ce1 be=e "o bro!r assass9ates ano!r4 ,b :at ! sages1 ( ?is _w consid] contr>y to ev]y?+ moral1 to ev]y?+ j1 to all ! pr9ciples ( common s5se1 is t ,god1 :o inflict$ et]nal damnation on ! race ( man1 & useless crucifixion on ,8 own son1 on acc\nt m]ely ( ! eat+ ( an apple1 %\ld absolutely p>don a fratricide6 nay1 t ,he %\ld m ?an p>don1 t ,he %\ld take ! (f5d] "u ,8 peculi> protection6 ,he decl>es t :oev] %all av5ge ! murd] ( ,abel %all exp]i5ce sev5fold ! puni%m5t t ,ca9 might h suff]$4 ,he puts a m>k ^u him z a safegu>d4 ,"h1 cont9ue ^! vile blasphem]s1 "h is a fable z execrable z x is absurd4 ,x is ! rav+ ( "s wret*$ ,jew1 :o wrote ^? infam\s & revolt+ fool]ies1 9 imitation ( ! tales s gre$ily swall[$ by ! neighbor+ population 9 ,syria4 ,?is s5seless ,jew attributes ^! atroci\s rev]ies to ,moses1 at a "t :5 no?+ 0 s r>e z books4 ,t fatality1 :i* affects & disposes ( ev]y?+1 has h&$ d[n ?is contemptible production to our own times4 ,knaves h extoll$ x1 & fools h believ$ x4 ,su* is ! language ( a tribe ( !i/s1 :o1 :ile !y adore a ,god1 d>e to condemn ! ,god ( ,israel2 & :o judge ( ! conduct ( ! et]nal ,deity by ! rules ( our own imp]fect morality1 & errone\s ju/ice4 ,!y admit a ,god1 to subject ,him to our laws4 ,let u gu>d aga9/ su* ra%ness2 &1 once aga9 x mu/ be repeat$1 let u rev]e :at we _c compreh5d4 ,let u cry out1 ,o ,altitudo6 ,o ! height & dep?6 ) all our /r5g?4 ,! gods ,elohim1 see+ ! daught]s ( m5 t !y 7 fair1 took = wives ^? :om !y *ose4 ,?is imag9ation1 aga91 may be trac$ 9 ! hi/ory ( e p4 ,no nation has ev] exi/$1 unless p]haps we may except ,*9a1 9 :i* "s god is n describ$ z hav+ _h (fspr+ f wom54 ,^! corporeal gods frequ5tly desc5d$ to visit _! dom9ions ^u e>?2 !y saw ! daught]s ( our race1 & atta*$ !mselves to ^? :o 7 mo/ int]e/+ & beautiful3 ! issue ( ?is connection betwe5 gods & mortals mu/ ( c\rse h be5 sup]ior to o!r m52 accord+ly1 ,g5esis in=ms u t f ! association x m5tions1 ( ! gods ) wom51 sprang a race ( giants4 ,i w br+ a deluge ( wat]s ^u ! e>?4 ,i w m]ely obs]ve "h t ,/4 ,augu/9e1 9 8 ,city ( ,god1 ,no4 #h1 says1 ,maximum illud diluvium ,grca nec ,lat9a novit hi/oria--nei!r ,greek nor ,lat9 hi/ory kn[s any?+ ab\t ! great deluge4 ,9 fact1 none _h ev] be5 kn[n 9 ,greece b ^? ( ,deucalion & ,ogyges4 ,!y are reg>d$ z univ]sal 9 ! fables collect$ by ,ovid1 b are :olly unkn[n 9 ea/]n ,asia4 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 !re=e1 is n mi/ak51 9 say+ t hi/ory makes no m5tion ( ?is ev5t4 ,god said to ,noah1 ,i w make a cov5ant ) y1 & ) y\r se$ aft] y1 & ) all liv+ creatures4 ,god make a cov5ant ) bea/s6 ,:at sort ( a cov5ant8 ,su* is ! outcry ( infidels4 ,b if ,he makes a cov5ant ) man1 :y n ) ! bea/8 ,x has feel+1 & !re is some?+ z div9e 9 feel+ z 9 ! mo/ metaphysical m$itation4 ,besides1 bea/s feel m correctly ?an ! great] "p ( m5 ?9k4 ,x is cle>ly 9 virtue ( ?is treaty t ,francis d',assisi1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,s]aphic ord]1 said to ! gras%opp]s & ! h>es1 ,pray s+1 my de> si/] gras%opp]2 pray br[se1 my de> bro!r h>e4 ,b :at 7 ! conditions ( ! treaty8 ,t all animals %\ld dev\r "o ano!r2 t !y %\ld fe$ ^u our fle%1 & we ^u !irs2 t1 aft] hav+ eat5 !m1 we %\ld proce$ ) wra? & fury to ! ext]m9ation ( our own race--no?+ be+ !n want+ to cr[n ! horrid s]ies ( but*]y & cruelty1 b dev\r+ our fell[-m51 aft] hav+ ?us remorselessly de/roy$ !m4 ,_h !re be5 actually su* a treaty z ?is x c\ld h be5 ent]$ into only ) ! devil4 ,probably ! mean+ ( ! :ole passage is nei!r m nor less ?an t ,god is equally ! absolute ma/] ( ev]y?+ t brea!s4 ,?is pact c be no?+ m ?an an ord]1 & ! ^w cov5ant is us$ m]ely z m emphatic & impressive2 we %\ld n !re=e be />tl$ & (f5d$ at ! words1 b adore ! _s1 & direct our m9ds back to ! p]iod 9 :i* ?is book 0 writt5--a book ( sc&al to ! weak1 b ( edification to ! /rong4 ,& ,i w put my b[ 9 ! cl\ds1 & x %all be a sign ( my cov5ant4 ,obs]ve t ! au?or does n say1 ,i h put my b[ 9 ! cl\ds2 he says1 ,i w put3 ?is cle>ly implies x to h be5 ! prevail+ op9ion t !re _h n always be5 a ra9b[4 ,?is ph5om5on is necess>ily produc$ by ra92 yet 9 ?is place x is repres5t$ z some?+ sup]natural1 exhibit$ 9 ord] to ann\nce & prove t ! e>? %\ld no m be inundat$4 ,x is s+ul> to *oose ! c]ta9 sign ( ra91 9 ord] to assure m5 aga9/ _! be+ dr[n$4 ,b x may also be repli$ t 9 any dang] ( inundation1 we h ! *e]+ security ( ! ra9b[4 ,b ! ,"l came d[n to see ! city & ! t[] :i* ! sons ( ,adam _h built1 & he said1 ',behold a p :i* h b "o language4 ,!y h begun to d ?is1 & !y w n desi/ until !y h complet$ x4 ,come1 !n1 let u g & conf\nd _! language1 t no "o may und]/& 8 neighbor4' ,obs]ve "h1 t ! sacr$ writ] always cont9ues to con=m to ! popul> op9ions4 ,he always speaks ( ,god z ( a man :o endeavors to in=m himself ( :at is pass+1 :o is desir\s ( see+ ) 8 own eyes :at is go+ on 9 8 dom9ions1 :o calls toge!r 8 c\ncil 9 ord] to delib]ate ) !m4 ,& ,abraham hav+ divid$ 8 m5--:o 7 ?ree hundr$ & eighte5 9 numb]--fell ^u ! five k+s1 & pursu$ !m unto ,hoba1 on ! left h& ( ,damascus4 ,f ! s\? bank ( ! lake ( ,sodom to ,damascus 0 a di/ance ( eighty leagues1 n to m5tion cross+ ! m\nta9s ,libanus & ,anti-,libanus4 ,infidels smile & triumph at su* exagg]ation4 ,b z ! ,"l favor$ ,abraham1 no?+ 0 9 fact exagg]at$4 ,& two angels arriv$ at ,sodom at ev54 ,! :ole hi/ory ( ^! two angels1 :om ! inhabitants ( ,sodom wi%$ to violate1 is p]haps ! mo/ extraord9>y 9 ! records ( all antiquity4 ,b x mu/ be consid]$ t almo/ all ,asia believ$ 9 ! exi/5ce ( ! demoniacal incubus & succubus2 & moreov]1 t ^! two angels 7 creatures m p]fect ?an mank9d1 & mu/ h possess$ m beauty to /imulate _! execrable t5d5cies4 ,x is possible t ! passage may be only meant z a rhetorical figure to express ! atroci\s depravity ( ,sodom & ,gomorrah4 ,x is n )\t ! greate/ diffid5ce t we sugge/ to ! le>n$ ?is solution4 ,z to ,lot1 :o proposes to ! p ( ,sodom ! sub/itution ( 8 two daught]s 9 ! room ( ! angels2 & 8 wife1 :o 0 *ang$ into a /atue ( salt1 & all ! re/ ( t hi/ory1 :at %all we v5ture to say8 ,! old ,arabian tale ( ,k9yras & ,myrrha has "s resemblance to ! ince/ ( ,lot ) 8 daught]s2 & ! adv5ture ( ,philemon & ,baucis is some:at simil> to ! case ( ! two angels :o appe>$ to ,lot & 8 wife4 ,) respect to ! /atue ( salt1 we "k n :]e to f9d any resemblance2 p]haps 9 ! hi/ory ( ,orpheus & ,eurydice4 ,_m +5i\s m5 are ( op9ion1 ) ! great ,newton & ! le>n$ ,lecl]c t ! ,p5tateu* 0 writt5 by ,samuel :5 ! ,jews _h a little k ( read+ & writ+1 & t all ^! hi/ories are imitations ( ,syrian fables4 ,b x is en\gh t all ?is is 9 ! ,holy ,scripture to induce u to rev]5ce x1 )\t attempt+ to f9d out 9 ?is book any?+ besides :at is writt5 by ! ,holy ,_s4 ,let u always recollect t ^? times 7 n l our times2 & let u n fail to repeat1 aft] s _m great m51 t ! ,old ,te/am5t is a true hi/ory2 & t all t has be5 writt5 diff]+ f x by ! re/ ( ! _w is fabul\s4 ,"s critics h cont5d$ t all ! incr$ible passages 9 ! canonical books1 :i* sc&alize weak m9ds1 ought to be suppress$2 b x has be5 obs]v$ 9 answ] t ^? critics _h bad he>ts1 & ought to be burn$ at ! /ake2 & t x is impossible to be a good man )\t believ+ t ! p ( ,sodom want$ to violate two angels4 ,su* is ! reason+ ( a species ( mon/]s :o wi% to "l x ov] ! und]/&+s ( mank9d4 ,x is true t _m em95t fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* h _h ! prud5ce to turn all ^! hi/ories into allegories1 aft] ! example ( ! ,jews1 & p>ticul>ly ( ,philo4 ,! popes1 m discreet1 h endeavor$ to prev5t ! translation ( ^! books into ! vulg> tongue1 le/ "s m5 %\ld 9 consequ5ce be l$ to ?9k & judge1 ab\t :at 0 propos$ to !m only to adore4 ,we are c]ta9ly ju/ifi$ 9 conclud+ h5ce1 t ^? :o ?or\ghly und]/& ?is book %\ld tol]ate ^? :o d n und]/& x at all2 = if ! latt] und]/& no?+ ( x1 x is n _! own fault3 on ! o!r h&1 ^? :o compreh5d no?+ t x conta9s %\ld tol]ate ^? :o compreh5d ev]y?+ 9 x4 ,le>n$ & +5i\s m51 full ( _! own tal5ts & acquirem5ts1 h ma9ta9$ t x is impossible t ,moses c\ld h writt5 ! ,book ( ,g5esis4 ,"o ( _! pr9cipal reasons is t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,abraham t patri>* is /at$ to h paid = a cave :i* he pur*as$ = ! int]m5t ( 8 wife1 9 silv] co91 & ! k+ ( ,g]> is said to h giv5 ,s>ah a ?\s& pieces ( silv] :5 he re/or$ h]1 aft] hav+ c>ri$ h] (f = h] beauty at ! age ( sev5ty-five4 ,!y in=m u t !y h consult$ all ! anci5t au?ors1 & t x appe>s v c]ta9 t at ! p]iod m5tion$ silv] money 0 n 9 exi/5ce4 ,b ^! are evid5tly m]e cavils1 z ! ,*ur* has always firmly believ$ ,moses to h be5 ! au?or ( ! ,p5tateu*4 ,!y /r5g!n all ! d\bts sugge/$ by ,ab5-,ezra1 & ,b>u* ,sp9oza4 ,! physician ,a/ruc1 fa!r-9-law ( ! comptroll]-g5]al ,silh\ette1 9 8 book--n[ become v sc>ce--call$ ,conjectures on ! ,book ( ,g5esis1 adds "s objections1 inexplicable und\bt$ly to human le>n+1 b n s to a humble & submissive piety4 ,! le>n$1 _m ( !m1 contradict e l9e1 b ! dev\t consid] e l9e sacr$4 ,let u dread fall+ into ! mis=tune ( believ+ & tru/+ to our reason2 b let u br+ ourselves into subjection 9 und]/&+ z well z 9 he>t4 ,& ,abraham said t ,s>ah 0 8 si/]1 & ! k+ ( ,g]> took h] = himself4 ,we admit1 z we h said "u ! article on ,abraham1 t ,s>ah 0 at ?is "t n9ety ye>s ( age1 t %e _h be5 already c>ri$ away by a k+ ( ,egypt1 & t a k+ ( ?is same horrid wild]ness ( ,g]>1 likewise1 _m ye>s aft]w>ds1 c>ri$ away ! wife ( ,isaac1 ,abraham's son4 ,we h also spok5 ( 8 s]vant1 ,hag>1 :o bore him a son1 & ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! patri>* s5t h] & h] son away4 ,x is well kn[n h[ infidels triumph on ! subject ( all ^! hi/ories1 ) :at a disda9ful smile !y speak ( !m1 & t !y place ! /ory ( "o ,abimele* fall+ 9 love ) ,s>ah :om ,abraham _h pass$ (f z 8 si/]1 & ( ano!r ,abimele* fall+ 9 love ) ,rebecca1 :om ,isaac also passes z 8 si/]1 ev5 b5ea? ! ?\s& & "o nights ( ! ,arabian fables4 ,we _c too (t5 rem>k t ! great error ( all ^! le>n$ critics is _! wi%+ to try ev]y?+ by ! te/ ( our feeble reason1 & to judge ( ! anci5t ,arabs z !y judge ( ! c\rts ( ,france or ( ,engl&4 ,& ! s\l ( ,%e*em1 ,k+ ,hamor's son1 0 b\nd up ) ! s\l ( ,d9ah1 & he soo!d h] grief by 8 t5d] c>esses1 & he w5t to ,hamor 8 fa!r1 & said to him1 give me t woman to be my wife4 ,"h our critics exclaim 9 t]ms ( /rong] disgu/ ?an ev]4 ,:at6 say !y2 ! son ( a k+ is desir\s to m>ry a vagabond girl2 ! m>riage is celebrat$2 ,jacob ! fa!r1 & ,d9ah ! daught]1 are load$ ) pres5ts2 ! k+ ( ,%e*em deigns to receive ^? w&]+ robb]s call$ patri>*s )9 8 city2 he has ! incr$ible polit5ess or k9dness to und]go1 ) 8 son1 8 c\rt1 & 8 p1 ! rite ( circumcision1 ?us condesc5d+ to ! sup]/ition ( a petty horde t c\ld n call half a league ( t]ritory _! own6 ,& 9 return = ?is a/oni%+ hospitality & goodness1 h[ d our holy patri>*s act8 ,!y wait = ! day :5 ! process ( circumcision g5]ally induces fev]1 :5 ,simeon & ,levi run ?r\gh ! :ole city ) poni>ds 9 _! h&s & massacre ! k+1 ! pr9ce 8 son1 & all ! inhabitants4 ,we are preclud$ f ! horror appropriate to ?is inf]nal c\nt]p>t ( ! trag$y ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 only by a s5se ( its absolute impossibility4 ,x is an abom9able romance2 b x is evid5tly a ridicul\s romance4 ,x is impossible t two m5 c\ld h slaught]$ 9 quiet ! :ole population ( a city4 ,! p might suff] 9 a slight degree f ! op]ation :i* _h prec$$1 b not)/&+ ?is1 !y w\ld h ris5 9 self-def5ce aga9/ two diabolical miscreants2 !y w\ld h in/antly assembl$1 w\ld h surr\nd$ !m1 & de/roy$ !m ) ! summ>y & complete v5geance m]it$ by _! atrocity4 ,b !re is a /ill m palpable impossibility4 ,x is1 t accord+ to ! accurate computation ( "t1 ,d9ah1 ?is daught] ( ,jacob1 c\ld be only ?ree ye>s old2 & t1 ev5 by =c+ up *ronology z f> z possible 9 favor ( ! n>rative1 %e c\ld at ! v mo/ be only five4 ,x is "h1 !n1 t we are assail$ ) bur/s ( indignant exclamation6 ,:at6 x is said1 :at6 is x ?is book1 ! book ( a reject$ & reprobate p2 a book s long unkn[n to all ! _w2 a book 9 :i* s\nd reason & dec5t mann]s are outrag$ 9 e page1 t is held up to u z irrefragable1 holy1 & dictat$ by ,god ,himself8 ,is x n ev5 impi\s to believe x8 or c\ld any?+ less ?an ! fury ( cannibals urge to ! p]secution ( s5sible & mode/ m5 = n believ+ x8 ,to ?is we reply3 ,! ,*ur* decl>es its belief 9 x4 ,! copyi/s may h mix$ up "s revolt+ absurdities ) respectable & g5u9e hi/ories4 ,x belongs to ! holy *ur* only to decide4 ,! pr(ane ought to be guid$ by h]4 ,^? absurdities1 ^? alleg$ horrors d n affect ! sub/ance ( our fai?4 ,h[ lam5table w\ld be ! fate ( mank9d1 if religion & virtue dep5d$ ^u :at =m]ly happ5$ to ,%e*em & to little ,d9ah6 ,^! are ! k+s :o reign$ 9 ! l& ( ,edom be=e ! *ildr5 ( ,israel _h a k+4 ,?is is ! celebrat$ passage :i* has prov$ "o ( ! great /umbl+ /ones4 ,?is x 0 :i* decid$ ! great ,newton1 ! pi\s & acute ,samuel ,cl>ke1 ! pr(\nd & philosophic ,bol+broke1 ! le>n$ ,lecl]c1 ! +5i\s ,frret1 & a ho/ ( o!r enlight5$ m51 to ma9ta9 t x 0 impossible ,moses c\ld h be5 ! au?or ( ,g5esis4 ,we admit t 9 fact ^! words c\ld n h be5 writt5 until aft] ! "t t ! ,jews _h k+s4 ,x is pr9cipally ?is v]se t det]m9$ ,a/ruc to give up ! inspir$ au?ority ( ! :ole ,book ( ,g5esis1 & suppose ! au?or _h d]iv$ 8 mat]ials f exi/+ memoirs & records4 ,8 "w is +5i\s & accurate1 b x is ra%1 n to say audaci\s4 ,ev5 a c\ncil w\ld sc>cely h v5tur$ on su* an ent]prise4 ,& to :at purpose has x s]v$ ,a/ruc's ?ankless & dang]\s labor--to d\ble ! d>kness he wi%$ to enlight58 ,"h is ! fruit ( ! tree ( k1 ( :i* we are all s desir\s ( eat+4 ,:y mu/ x be1 t ! fruit ( ! tree ( ignorance %\ld be m n\ri%+ & m dige/ible8 ,b ( :at consequ5ce c x be to u1 aft] all1 :e!r any p>ticul> v]se or *apt] 0 writt5 by ,moses1 or ,samuel1 or ! prie/ 7sacrificateur7 :o came to ,sam>ia1 or ,esdras1 or any o!r p]son8 ,9 :at respect c our gov]nm5t1 our laws1 our =tunes1 our morals1 our well-be+1 be b\nd up ) ! unkn[n *iefs ( a wret*$ & b>b>\s c\ntry call$ ,edom or ,iduma1 always inhabit$ by robb]s8 ,alas6 ^? poor ,arabs1 :o h n %irts to _! backs1 nei!r "k nor c>e :e!r or n we are 9 exi/5ce6 ,!y g on /eadily plund]+ c>avans1 & eat+ b>ley bread1 :ile we are p]plex+ & torm5t+ ourselves to "k :e!r any petty k+s fl\ri%$ 9 a p>ticul> canton ( ,arabia ,petra1 be=e !y exi/$ 9 a p>ticul> canton adjo9+ ! we/ ( ! lake ( ,sodom6 ,o mis]as hom9um curas6 ,opectora cca6 --,,lucretius1 ii4 #ad4 ,bl9d1 wret*$ man6 9 :at d>k pa?s ( /rife ,?\ walke/ ! little j\rney ( ?y life6--,,cree*4 ,,g5ii4 ,! doctr9es ( judicial a/rology & magic h spread all ov] ! _w4 ,look back to ! anci5t ,zoroa/]1 & y w f9d t ( ! g5ii long e/abli%$4 ,all antiquity ab\nds 9 a/rolog]s & magicians2 su* ideas 7 !re=e v natural4 ,at pres5t1 we smile at ! numb] :o ent]ta9$ !m2 if we 7 9 _! situation1 if l !m we 7 only beg9n+ to cultivate ! sci5ces1 we %\ld p]haps believe j ! same4 ,let u suppose ourselves intellig5t p1 beg9n+ to reason on our own exi/5ce1 & to obs]ve ! />s4 ,! e>?1 we might say1 is no d\bt immovable 9 ! mid/ ( ! _w2 ! sun & planets only revolve 9 h] s]vice1 & ! />s are only made = u2 man1 !re=e1 is ! great object ( all nature4 ,:at is ! int5tion ( all ^! globes1 & ( ! imm5sity ( heav5 ?us de/9$ = our use8 ,x is v likely t all space & ^! globes are peopl$ ) sub/ances1 & s9ce we are ! favorites ( nature1 plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! univ]se1 & all is made = man1 ^! sub/ances are evid5tly de/9$ to wat* ov] man4 ,! fir/ man :o believ$ ! ?+ at all possible w\ld soon f9d disciples p]suad$ t x exi/$4 ,we might !n comm5ce by say+1 g5ii p]haps exi/1 & nobody c\ld affirm ! contr>y2 = :]e is ! impossibility ( ! air & planets be+ peopl$8 ,we might aft]w>ds say !re are g5ii1 & c]ta9ly no "o c\ld prove t !re are n4 ,soon aft]1 "s sages might see ^! g5ii1 & we %\ld h no "r to say to !m3 ,y h n se5 !m2 z ^! p]sons might be honorable1 & altoge!r wor?y ( cr$it4 ,"o might see ! g5ius ( ! empire or ( 8 own city2 ano!r t ( ,m>s or ,saturn2 ! g5ii ( ! f\r elem5ts might be manife/$ to sev]al philosoph]s2 m ?an "o sage might see 8 own g5ius2 all at fir/ might be little m ?an dream+1 b dreams are ! symbols ( tru?4 ,x 0 soon kn[n exactly h[ ^! g5ii 7 =m$4 ,to visit our globe1 !y mu/ necess>ily h w+s2 !y !re=e _h w+s4 ,we "k only ( bodies2 !y !re=e _h bodies1 b bodies mu* f9] ?an ours1 s9ce !y 7 g5ii1 & mu* light]1 because !y came f s great a di/ance4 ,! sages :o _h ! privilege ( conv]s+ ) ! g5ii inspir$ o!rs ) ! hope ( enjoy+ ! same happ9ess4 ,a skeptic w\ld h be5 ill receiv$1 if he _h said to !m3 ,i h se5 no g5ius1 !re=e !re are none4 ,!y w\ld h repli$3 ,y reason ill2 x does n foll[ t a ?+ exi/s n1 :i* is unkn[n to y4 ,!re is no contradiction 9 ! doctr9e :i* inculcates ^! e!real p[]s2 no impossibility t !y may visit u2 !y %[ !mselves to our sages1 !y manife/ !mselves to u2 y are n wor?y ( see+ g5ii4 ,ev]y?+ on e>? is compos$ ( good & evil2 !re are !re=e inconte/ably good & bad g5ii4 ,! ,p]sians _h _! p]is & dives2 ! ,greeks1 _! demons & cacodmons2 ! ,lat9s1 bonos et malos g5ios4 ,! good g5ii are :ite1 & ! bad black1 except among ! negroes1 :]e x is necess>ily ! rev]se4 ,plato )\t difficulty admits ( a good & evil g5ius = e individual4 ,! evil g5ius ( ,brutus appe>$ to him1 & ann\nc$ to him 8 dea? be=e ! battle ( ,philippi4 ,h n grave hi/orians said s8 ,& w\ld n ,plut>* h be5 v injudici\s to h assur$ u ( ?is fact1 if x 7 n true8 ,fur!r1 consid] :at a s\rce ( fea/s1 amusem5ts1 good tales1 & bon mots1 orig9at$ 9 ! belief ( g5ii6 ,!re 7 male & female g5ii4 ,! g5ii ( ! ladies 7 call$ by ! ,romans little ,junos4 ,!y also _h ! pleasure ( see+ _! g5ii gr[ up4 ,9 infancy1 !y 7 a k9d ( ,cupid ) w+s1 & :5 !y protect$ old age1 !y wore long be>ds1 & ev5 sometimes ! =ms ( s]p5ts4 ,at ,rome1 !re is pres]v$ a m>ble1 on :i* is repres5t$ a s]p5t "u a palm tree1 to :i* are atta*$ two cr[ns ) ?is inscription3 ,to ! g5ius ( ! ,augu/i2 x 0 ! emblem ( immortality4 ,:at demon/rative pro( h we at pres5t1 t ! g5ii1 s univ]sally admitt$ by s _m enlight5$ nations1 are only phantoms ( ! imag9ation8 ,all t c be said is r$uc$ to ?is3 ,i h nev] se5 a g5ius1 & no "o ( my acqua9tance has ev] se5 "o2 ,brutus has n writt5 t 8 g5ius appe>$ to him be=e ! battle ( ,philippi2 nei!r ,newton1 ,locke1 nor ev5 ,desc>tes1 :o gave ! re9s to 8 imag9ation2 nei!r k+s nor m9i/]s ( /ate h ev] be5 suspect$ ( commun+ ) _! g5ii2 !re=e ,i d n believe a ?+ ( :i* !re is n ! lea/ tru?4 ,i confess _! exi/5ce is n impossible2 b ! possibility is n a pro( ( ! reality4 ,x is possible t !re may be satyrs1 ) little turn$-up tails & goats' feet2 b ,i mu/ see sev]al to believe 9 !m2 = if ,i saw b "o1 ,i %\ld /ill d\bt _! exi/5ce4 ,,g5ius4 ,( g5ius or demon1 we h already spok5 9 ! article on angel4 ,x is n easy to "k precisely :e!r ! p]is ( ! ,p]sians 7 inv5t$ be=e ! demons ( ! ,greeks1 b x is v probable t !y 74 ,x may be1 t ! s\ls ( ! dead1 call$ %ades1 manes1 etc41 pass$ = demons4 ,hesiod makes ,h]cules say t a demon dictat$ 8 labors4 ,! demon ( ,socrates _h s great a reputation1 t ,apuleius1 ! au?or ( ! ,gold5 ,ass1 :o 0 himself a magician ( good repute1 says 9 8 ,treatise on ! ,g5ius ( ,socrates1 t a man mu/ be )\t religion :o d5ies x4 ,y see t ,apuleius reasons precisely l bro!rs ,g>asse & ,b]ti]3 ,y d n believe t :i* ,i believe2 y are !re=e )\t religion4 ,& ! ,jans5i/s h said z mu* ( bro!r ,b]ti]1 z well z ( all ! _w except !mselves4 ,^! demons1 says ! v religi\s & fil?y ,apuleius1 are int]m$iate p[]s betwe5 e!r & our l[] region4 ,!y live 9 our atmosph]e1 & be> our pray]s & m]its to ! gods4 ,!y treat ( succors & b5efits1 z int]pret]s & ambassadors4 ,plato says1 t x is by _! m9i/ry t revelations1 presages1 & ! miracles ( magicians1 are effect$4--,ct]um sunt qudam div9 m$i pote/ates1 int] summum !ra1 et infimas t]ras1 9 i/o int]sit ris spatio1 p] quas et desid]ia no/ra et m]ita ad deos commeant4 ,hos ,grco nom9e demonias nuncupant4 ,int] t]ricolas cli colasque victores1 h9c pecum1 inde donorum3 qui ultro citroque portant1 h9c petitiones1 inde suppetias3 ceu quidam utriusque int]pretes1 et salutig]i4 ,p] hos eosdem1 ut ,plato 9 symposio autumat1 cuncta d5untiata2 et majorum v>ia miracula1 omnesque prsagium species reguntur4 ,/4 ,augu/9e has condesc5d$ to refute ,apuleius 9 ^! words3 ,x is impossible = u to say t demons are nei!r mortal nor et]nal1 = all t has life1 ei!r lives et]nally1 or loses ! brea? ( life by dea?2 & ,apuleius has said1 t z to "t1 ! demons are et]nal4 ,:at !n rema9s1 b t demons hold a m$ium situation1 & h "o quality high] & ano!r l[] ?an mank9d2 & z1 ( ^! two ?+s1 et]nity is ! only high] ?+ :i* !y exclusively possess1 to complete ! allott$ m$ium1 :at mu/ be ! l[]1 if n mis]y8 ,?is is p[]ful reason+6 ,z ,i h nev] se5 any g5ii1 demons1 p]is1 or hobgobl9s1 :e!r b5efic5t or mis*iev\s1 ,i _c speak ( !m f k4 ,i only relate :at has be5 said by p :o h se5 !m4 ,among ! ,romans1 ! ^w g5ius 0 n us$ to express a r>e tal5t1 z ) u3 ! t]m = t quality 0 +5ium4 ,we use ! ^w g5ius indiff]5tly 9 speak+ ( ! tutel> demon ( a t[n ( antiquity1 or an arti/1 or a musician4 ,! t]m g5ius seems to h be5 int5d$ to designate n great tal5ts g5]ally1 b ^? into :i* inv5tion ent]s4 ,inv5tion1 above ev]y?+1 appe>$ a gift f ! gods--?is +5ium1 quasi +5itum1 a k9d ( div9e inspiration4 ,n[ an arti/1 h[ev] p]fect he may be 9 8 pr(ession1 if he h no inv5tion1 if he be n orig9al1 is n consid]$ a g5ius4 ,he is only inspir$ by ! arti/s 8 pr$ecessors1 ev5 :5 he surpasses !m4 ,x is v probable t _m p n[ play at *ess bett] ?an ! inv5tor ( ! game1 & t !y might ga9 ! prize ( corn promis$ him by ! ,indian k+4 ,b ?is inv5tor 0 a g5ius1 & ^? :o might n[ ga9 ! prize w\ld be no su* ?+4 ,p\ss91 :o 0 a great pa9t] be=e he _h se5 any good pictures1 _h a g5ius = pa9t+4 ,lulli1 :o nev] he>d any good musician 9 ,france1 _h a g5ius = music4 ,:i* is ! m desirable to possess1 a g5ius )\t a ma/]1 or ! atta9m5t ( p]fection by imitat+ & surpass+ ! ma/]s :i* prec$e u8 ,if y put ?is "q to arti/s1 !y w p]haps be divid$2 if y put x to ! public1 x w n hesitate4 ,d y l a beautiful ,gobel9 tape/ry bett] ?an "o made 9 ,fl&]s at ! comm5cem5t ( ! arts8 ,d y pref] mod]n ma/]pieces ( engrav+ to ! fir/ wood-cuts8 ! music ( ! pres5t day to ! fir/ airs1 :i* resembl$ ! ,gregorian *ant8 ! mak]s ( ! artill]y ( our "t to ! g5ius :i* inv5t$ ! fir/ cannon8 ev]ybody w answ]1 yes4 ,all pur*as]s w say3 ,i own t ! inv5tor ( ! %uttle _h m g5ius ?an ! manufactur] :o made my clo?1 b my clo? is wor? m ?an t ( ! inv5tor4 ,9 %ort1 e "o 9 consci5ce w confess1 t we respect ! g5iuses :o inv5t$ ! arts1 b t ! m9ds :i* p]fect !m are ( m pres5t b5efit4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,! article on ,g5ius has be5 treat$ 9 ! ,encyclopdia by m5 :o possess x4 ,we %all haz>d v little aft] !m4 ,e t[n1 e man possess$ a g5ius4 ,x 0 imag9$ t ^? :o p]=m$ extraord9>y ?+s 7 inspir$ by _! g5ius4 ,! n9e muses 7 n9e g5ii1 :om x 0 necess>y to invoke2 !re=e ,ovid says3 ,et ,deus 9 nobis1 agitante calescimus illo--,! ,god )9 u1 ,he ! m9d inspires4 ,b1 prop]ly speak+1 is g5ius any?+ b capability8 ,:at is capability b a disposition to succe$ 9 an art8 ,:y d we say ! g5ius ( a language8 ,x is1 t e language1 by its t]m9ations1 articles1 p>ticiples1 & %ort] or long] words1 w necess>ily h exclusive prop]ties ( its own4 ,by ! g5ius ( a nation is meant ! "*1 mann]s1 tal5ts1 & ev5 vices1 :i* di/+ui% "o p f ano!r4 ,x is suffici5t to see ! ,fr5*1 ,engli%1 & ,spani% p1 to feel ?is diff]5ce4 ,we h said t ! p>ticul> g5ius ( a man = an art is a diff]5t ?+ f 8 g5]al tal5t2 b ?is "n is giv5 only to a v sup]ior ability4 ,h[ _m p h tal5t = poetry1 music1 & pa9t+2 yet x w\ld be ridicul\s to call !m g5iuses4 ,g5ius1 conduct$ by ta/e1 w nev] commit a gross fault4 ,rac9e1 s9ce 8 ,&roma*e1 ,le ,p\ss91 & ,rameau1 has nev] committ$ "o4 ,g5ius1 )\t ta/e1 w (t5 commit enorm\s errors2 &1 :at is worse1 x w n be s5sible ( !m4 ,,geography4 ,geography is "o ( ^? sci5ces :i* w always require to be p]fect$4 ,not)/&+ ! pa9s t h be5 tak51 x has hi!rto be5 impossible to h an exact description ( ! e>?4 ,= ?is great "w1 x w\ld be necess>y t all sov]eigns %\ld come to an und]/&+1 & l5d mutual assi/ance4 ,b !y h ev] tak5 m pa9s to ravage ! _w ?an !y h to measure x4 ,no "o has yet be5 able to make an exact map ( upp] ,egypt1 nor ( ! regions bord]+ on ! ,r$ ,sea1 nor ( ! va/ c\ntry ( ,arabia4 ,( ,africa we "k only ! coa/s2 all ! int]ior is no m kn[n ?an x 0 9 ! times ( ,atlas & ,h]cules4 ,!re is n a s+le well-detail$ map ( all ! ,gr& ,turk's possessions 9 ,asia2 all is plac$ at r&om1 except+ "s few l>ge t[ns1 ! crumbl+ rema9s ( :i* are /ill exi/+4 ,9 ! /ates ( ! ,great ,mogul some?+ is kn[n ( ! relative positions ( ,agra & ,delhi2 b !nce to ! k+dom ( ,golconda ev]y?+ is laid d[n at a v5ture4 ,x is kn[n t ,japan ext5ds f ab\t ! ?irtie? to ! =tie? degree ( nor? latitude2 !re _c be an error ( m ?an two degrees1 :i* is ab\t fifty leagues2 s t1 rely+ on "o ( our be/ maps1 a pilot w\ld be 9 dang] ( los+ 8 track or 8 life4 ,z = ! longitude1 ! fir/ maps ( ! ,jesuits det]m9$ x betwe5 ! "o hundr$ & fifty-sev5? & ! "o hundr$ & sev5ty-fif? degree2 :]eas1 x is n[ det]m9$ betwe5 ! "o hundr$ & =ty-six? & ! "o hundr$ & sixtie?4 ,*9a is ! only ,asiatic c\ntry ( :i* we h an exact measurem5t2 because ! emp]or ,kam-hi employ$ "s ,jesuit a/ronom]s to draw exact maps1 :i* is ! be/ ?+ ! ,jesuits h done4 ,_h !y be5 cont5t ) measur+ ! e>?1 !y w\ld nev] h be5 proscrib$4 ,9 our we/]n _w1 ,italy1 ,france1 ,russia1 ,engl&1 & ! pr9cipal t[ns ( ! o!r /ates1 h be5 measur$ by ! same me?od z 0 employ$ 9 ,*9a2 b x 0 n until a v few ye>s ago1 t 9 ,france x 0 und]tak5 to =m an entire topography4 ,a company tak5 f ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces despat*$ eng9e]s or surveyors into e corn] ( ! k+dom1 to lay d[n ev5 ! meane/ hamlet1 ! smalle/ rivulet1 ! hills1 ! woods1 9 _! true places4 ,be=e t "t1 s confus$ 0 ! topography1 t on ! eve ( ! battle ( ,font5oy1 ! maps ( ! c\ntry be+ all exam9$1 e "o ( !m 0 f\nd entirely defective4 ,if a positive ord] _h be5 s5t f ,v]sailles to an inexp]i5c$ g5]al to give battle1 & po/ himself z appe>$ mo/ advisable f ! maps1 z sometimes happ5$ 9 ! "t ( ! m9i/] ,*amill>1 ! battle w\ld infallibly h be5 lo/4 ,a g5]al :o %\ld c>ry on a w> 9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,morla*ians1 or ! ,mont5egr9s1 ) no k ( places b f ! maps1 w\ld be at z great a loss z if he 7 9 ! he>t ( ,africa4 ,happily1 t :i* has (t5 be5 trac$ by geograph]s1 accord+ to _! own fancy1 9 _! closets1 is rectifi$ on ! spot4 ,9 geography1 z 9 morals1 x is v difficult to "k ! _w )\t go+ f home4 ,x is n ) ?is dep>tm5t ( k1 z ) ! arts ( poetry1 music1 & pa9t+4 ,! la/ works ( ^! k9ds are (t5 ! wor/4 ,b 9 ! sci5ces1 :i* require exactness r ?an g5ius1 ! la/ are always ! be/1 provid$ !y are done ) "s degree ( c>e4 ,"o ( ! greate/ advantages ( geography1 9 my op9ion1 is ?is3 y\r fool ( a neighbor1 & 8 wife almo/ z /upid1 are incessantly reproa*+ y ) n ?9k+ z !y ?9k 9 ,rue ,/4 ,jacques4 ,see1 say !y1 :at a multitude ( great m5 h be5 ( our op9ion1 f ,pet] ! ,lomb>d d[n to ! ,abb ,petit-pi$4 ,! :ole univ]se has receiv$ our tru?s2 !y reign 9 ! ,faub\rg ,/4 ,honor1 at ,*aillot & at tampes1 at ,rome & among ! ,uscoques4 ,take a map ( ! _w2 %[ !m all ,africa1 ! empires ( ,japan1 ,*9a1 ,india1 ,turkey1 ,p]sia1 & t ( ,russia1 m ext5sive ?an 0 ! ,roman ,empire2 make !m pass _! f+] ov] all ,sc&9avia1 all ! nor? ( ,g]many1 ! ?ree k+doms ( ,great ,brita91 ! great] "p ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 & ( ,helvetia2 9 %ort make !m obs]ve1 9 ! f\r great divisions ( ! e>?1 & 9 ! fif?1 :i* is z little kn[n z x is great 9 ext5t1 ! prodigi\s numb] ( races1 :o ei!r nev] he>d ( ^? op9ions1 or h combat$ !m1 or h held !m 9 abhorr5ce1 & y w ?us oppose ! :ole univ]se to ,rue ,/4 ,jacques4 ,y w tell !m t ,julius ,cs>1 :o ext5d$ 8 p[] mu* f>!r ?an t /reet1 did n "k a ^w ( all :i* !y ?9k s univ]sal2 & t our ance/ors1 on :om ,julius ,cs> be/[$ ! la%1 knew no m ( !m ?an he did4 ,!y w !n1 p]haps1 feel some:at a%am$ at hav+ believ$ t ! organ ( ,/4 ,sev]9's *ur* gave ! tone to ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,,glory--,,glori\s4 ,,section ,i4 ,glory is reputation jo9$ ) e/eem1 & is complete :5 admiration is sup]add$4 ,x always supposes t :i* is brilliant 9 action1 9 virtue1 or 9 tal5t1 & ! surm\nt+ ( great difficulties4 ,cs> & ,alex&] _h glory4 ,! same c h>dly be said ( ,socrates4 ,he claims e/eem1 rev]5ce1 pity1 indignation aga9/ 8 enemies2 b ! t]m glory appli$ to him w\ld be improp]2 8 memory is v5]able r ?an glori\s4 ,attila _h mu* brilliancy1 b he has no glory2 = hi/ory1 :i* may be mi/ak51 attributes to him no virtues3 ,*>les ,,xii4 /ill has glory2 = 8 valor1 8 dis9t]e/$ness1 8 lib]ality1 7 extreme4 ,success is suffici5t = reputation1 b n = glory4 ,! glory ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 is e day increas+2 = "t has br\ght to light all 8 virtues1 :i* 7 incomp>ably great] ?an 8 defects4 ,glory is also ! portion ( inv5tors 9 ! f9e arts2 imitators h only applause4 ,x is grant$1 too1 to great tal5ts1 b 9 sublime arts only4 ,we may well say1 ! glory ( ,virgil1 or ,cic]o1 b n ( ,m>tial1 nor ( ,aulus ,gellius4 ,m5 h d>$ to say1 ! glory ( ,god3 ,god creat$ ?is _w = ,8 glory2 n t ! ,supreme ,be+ c h glory2 b t m51 hav+ no expressions suitable to ,him1 use = ,him ^? by :i* !y are !mselves mo/ flatt]$4 ,va+lory is t petty ambition :i* is cont5t$ ) appe>ances1 :i* is exhibit$ 9 pomp\s display1 & nev] elevates itself to great] ?+s4 ,sov]eigns1 hav+ real glory1 h be5 kn[n to be nev]!less fond ( va+lory--seek+ too eag]ly aft] praise1 & be+ too mu* atta*$ to ! trapp+s ( o/5tation4 ,false glory (t5 v]ges t[>ds vanity2 b x (t5 leads to excesses1 :ile va+lory is m conf9$ to spl5did littl5esses4 ,a pr9ce :o %\ld look = honor 9 rev5ge1 w\ld seek a false glory r ?an a va9 "o4 ,to give glory signifies to ackn[l$ge1 to be> witness4 ,give glory to tru?1 means ackn[l$g+ tru?--,give glory to ! ,god :om y s]ve--,be> witness to ! ,god :om y s]ve4 ,glory is tak5 = heav5--,he dwells 9 glory2 b ?is is ! case 9 no religion b ours4 ,x is n all[able to say t ,bac*us or ,h]cules 0 receiv$ into glory1 :5 speak+ ( _! apo!osis4 ,! sa9ts & angels h sometimes be5 call$ ! glori\s1 z dwell+ 9 ! abode ( glory4 ,glori\sly is always tak5 9 ! good s5se2 he reign$ glori\sly2 he extricat$ himself glori\sly f great dang] or emb>rassm5t4 ,to glory 91 is sometimes tak5 9 ! good1 sometimes 9 ! bad1 s5se1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! object 9 "q4 ,he glories 9 a disgrace :i* is ! fruit ( 8 tal5ts & ! effect ( envy4 ,we say ( ! m>tyrs1 t !y glorifi$ ,god--t is1 t _! con/ancy made ! ,god :om !y atte/$ rev]$ by m54 ,,section ,,ii4 ,t ,cic]o %\ld love glory1 aft] hav+ /ifl$ ,catil9e's conspiracy1 may be p>don$ him4 ,t ! k+ ( ,prussia1 ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 %\ld h ! same feel+s aft] ,rosba* & ,lissa1 & aft] be+ ! legislator1 ! hi/orian1 ! poet1 & ! philosoph] ( 8 c\ntry--t he %\ld be passionately fond ( glory1 & at ! same "t1 h self-comm& en\gh to be mode/ly s--he w1 on t acc\nt1 be ! m glorifi$4 ,t ! empress ,ca!r9e ,,ii4 %\ld h be5 =c$ by ! bruti% insol5ce ( a ,turki% sultan to display all h] g5ius2 t f ! f> nor? %e %\ld h s5t f\r squadrons :i* spread t]ror 9 ! ,d>danelles & 9 ,asia ,m9or2 & t1 9 #aggj1 %e took f\r prov9ces f ^? ,turks :o made ,europe tremble--) ?is sort ( glory %e w n be reproa*$1 b w be admir$ = speak+ ( h] successes ) t air ( indiff]5ce & sup]iority :i* %[s t !y 7 m]it$4 ,9 %ort1 glory befits g5iuses ( ?is sort1 ?\gh belong+ to ! v mean race ( mortals4 ,b if1 at ! extremity ( ! we/1 a t[nsman ( a place call$ ,p>is ?9ks he has glory 9 be+ h>angu$ by a tea*] ( ! univ]sity1 :o says to him3 ,monseigneur1 ! glory y h acquir$ 9 ! ex]cise ( y\r (fice1 y\r illu/ri\s labors ) :i* ! univ]se res\nds1 etc41 !n ,i ask if !re are m\?s en\gh 9 t univ]se to celebrate1 ) _! hisses1 ! glory ( our citiz51 & ! eloqu5ce ( ! p$ant :o att5ds to bray out ?is h>angue at monseigneur's hotel8 ,we are su* fools t we h made ,god glori\s l ourselves4 ,t wor?y *ief ( ! d]vi%es1 ,b5-al-betif1 said to 8 bre?r5 "o day3 ,my bre?r51 x is good t y %\ld frequ5tly use t sacr$ =mula ( our ,koran1 ',9 ! "n ( ! mo/ m]ciful ,god'2 because ,god uses m]cy1 & y le>n to d s too1 by (t repeat+ ! words t recomm5d virtue1 )\t :i* !re w\ld be few m5 left ^u ! e>?4 ,b1 my bre?r51 bew>e ( imitat+ ^? ra% ones :o boa/1 on e occasion1 ( labor+ = ! glory ( ,god4 ,if a "y simpleton ma9ta9s a !sis on ! categories1 an ignoramus 9 furs presid+1 he is sure to write 9 l>ge *>act]s1 at ! head ( 8 !sis1 ',ek alha abron doxa6--',ad majorem ,dei gloriam4' --,to ! great] glory ( ,god4 ,if a good ,mussulman has _h 8 h\se :itewa%$1 he cuts ?is fooli% inscription 9 ! door4 ,a saka c>ries wat] = ! great] glory ( ,god4 ,x is an impi\s usage1 pi\sly us$4 ,:at w\ld y say ( a little *ia\x1 :o1 :ile empty+ our sultan's close-/ool1 %\ld exclaim3 ,to ! great] glory ( our inv9cible mon>*8 ,!re is c]ta9ly a great] di/ance betwe5 ,god & ! sultan ?an betwe5 ! sultan & ! little *ia\x4 ,ye mis]able e>?-worms1 call$ m51 :at h y resembl+ ! glory ( ! ,supreme ,be+8 ,c ,he love glory8 ,c ,he receive x f y8 ,c ,he enjoy x8 ,h[ long1 ye two-legg$ animals )\t fea!rs1 w y make ,god aft] y\r own image8 ,:at6 because y are va91 because y love glory1 y w\ld h ,god love x also8 ,if !re 7 sev]al ,gods1 p]haps ea* "o w\ld seek to ga9 ! good op9ion ( 8 fell[s4 ,t might be glory to ,god4 ,su* a ,god1 if inf9ite greatness may be comp>$ ) extreme l[l9ess1 w\ld be l ,k+ ,alex&] or ,isc&]1 :o w\ld ent] ! li/s ) none b k+s4 ,b y1 poor creatures6 :at glory c y give to ,god8 ,cease to pr(ane ! sacr$ "n4 ,an emp]or1 nam$ ,octavius ,augu/us1 =bade 8 be+ prais$ 9 ! s*ools ( ,rome1 le/ 8 "n %\ld be br\ght into contempt4 ,y c br+ ! "n ( ! ,supreme ,be+ nei!r into contempt1 nor into honor4 ,humble y\rselves 9 ! du/2 adore1 & be sil5t4 ,?us spake ,b5-al-betif2 & ! d]vi%es cri$ out3 ,glory to ,god6 ,b5-al-betif has said well4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,conv]sation ) a ,*9ese4 ,9 #agbc1 !re 0 9 ,holl& a ,*9ese3 ?is ,*9ese 0 a man ( lett]s & a m]*ant2 :i* two pr(essions ought n to be incompatible1 b :i* h become s among/ u1 ?anks to ! extreme reg>d :i* is paid to money1 & ! little consid]ation :i* mank9d h ev] %[n1 & w ev] %[1 = m]it4 ,?is ,*9ese1 :o spoke a little ,dut*1 0 once 9 a booksell]'s %op ) "s m5 ( le>n+4 ,he ask$ = a book1 & ,bossuet's ,univ]sal ,hi/ory1 badly translat$1 0 propos$ to him4 ,ah6 said he1 h[ =tunate6 ,i %all n[ see :at is said ( our great empire--( our nation1 :i* has exi/$ z a national body = m ?an fifty ?\s& ye>s--( t succession ( emp]ors :o h gov]n$ u = s _m ages4 ,i %all n[ see :at is ?\ght ( ! religion ( ! m5 ( lett]s--( t simple wor%ip :i* we r5d] to ! ,supreme ,be+4 ,h[ pleas+ to see :at is said 9 ,europe ( our arts1 _m ( :i* are m anci5t among/ u ?an any ,european k+dom4 ,i guess ! au?or w h made _m mi/akes 9 ! hi/ory ( ! w> :i* we _h tw5ty-two ?\s& five hundr$ & fifty-two ye>s ago1 ) ! w>like nations ( ,tonqu9 & ,japan1 & ( t solemn embassy :i* ! mighty emp]or ( ! ,moguls s5t to ask laws f u1 9 ! ye> ( ! _w #ejj1jjj1jjj1jjj1jgi1abc1dej1jjj4 ,alas6 said "o ( ! le>n$ m5 to him1 y are n ev5 m5tion$ 9 t book2 y are too inconsid]able2 x is almo/ all ab\t ! fir/ nation 9 ! _w--! only nation1 ! great ,jewi% p6 ,! ,jewi% p6 exclaim$ ! ,*9ese4 ,are !y1 !n1 ma/]s ( at lea/ ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! e>?8 ,!y flatt] !mselves t !y %all "o day be s1 0 ! answ]2 until :i* "t !y h ! honor ( be+ our old-clo!s-m51 &1 n[ & !n1 clipp]s ( our co94--,y je/1 said ! ,*9ese2 _h ^! p ev] a va/ empire8 ,!y _h z _! own = "s ye>s1 said ,i1 a small c\ntry2 b x is n by ! ext5t ( _! /ates t a p are to be judg$2 z x is n by 8 ri*es t we are to e/imate a man4 ,b is no o!r p spok5 ( 9 ?is book8 ask$ ! man ( lett]s4 ,und\bt$ly1 return$ a le>n$ man :o /ood next me1 & :o in/antly repli$1 !re is a deal said 9 x ( a small c\ntry sixty leagues broad1 call$ ,egypt1 :]e x is ass]t$ t !re 0 a lake a hundr$ & fifty leagues r\nd1 cut by ! h&s ( m54--,z\nds6 said ! ,*9ese2 a lake a hundr$ & fifty leagues r\nd 9 a c\ntry only sixty broad6 ,t is f9e1 inde$6--,ev]ybody 0 wise 9 t c\ntry1 add$ ! doctor4 ,oh6 :at f9e times !y mu/ h be51 said ! ,*9ese4 ,b is t all8--,no1 repli$ ! ,european2 he also treats ( t celebrat$ p1 ! ,greeks4 ,:o are ^! ,greeks8 ask$ ! man ( lett]s4 ,ah6 cont9u$ ! o!r1 !y inhabit$ a prov9ce ab\t a two-hundr$? "p z l>ge z ,*9a1 b :i* has be5 fam\s ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,i h nev] he>d speak ( ^! p1 nei!r 9 ,mogul nor 9 ,japan1 nor 9 ,great ,t>t>y1 said ! ,*9ese1 ) an +5u\s look4 ,oh1 ignorant1 b>b>\s man6 politely exclaim$ our s*ol>4 ,"k y n1 !n1 ! ,!ban ,epam9ondas2 nor ! h>bor ( ,piraeus2 nor ! "n ( ! two horses ( ,a*illes2 nor t ( ,sil5us's ass8 ,h y n he>d ( ,jupit]1 nor ( ,diog5es1 nor ( ,lais1 nor ( ,cybele1 nor-- ,i am mu* afraid1 repli$ ! man ( lett]s1 t y "k no?+ at all ( ! ev] memorable adv5ture ( ! celebrat$ ,xix(\ ,conco*igramki1 nor ( ! my/]ies ( ! great ,fi ,psi ,hi ,hi4 ,b pray1 :at are ! o!r unkn[n ?+s ( :i* ?is univ]sal hi/ory treats8 ,! s*ol> !n spoke = a qu>t] ( an h\r on ! ,roman commonweal?3 b :5 he came to ,julius ,cs>1 ! ,*9ese int]rupt$ him1 say+1 ,z = him1 ,i ?9k ,i "k him3 0 he n a ,turk8 ,:at6 said ! s*ol>1 some:at w>m1 d y n at lea/ "k ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,pagans1 ,*ri/ians1 & ,mussulmans8 ,d y n "k ,con/ant9e1 & ! hi/ory ( ! popes8 ,we h indi/9ctly he>d1 answ]$ ! ,asiatic1 ( "o ,mahomet4 ,x is impossible1 return$ ! o!r1 t y %\ld n1 at lea/1 be acqua9t$ ) ,lu!r1 ,zu+lius1 ,bell>m91 colampadius4 ,i %all nev] rememb] ^? names1 said ! ,*9ese4 ,he !n w5t away to sell a consid]able p>cel ( tea & f9e grogram1 ) :i* he b\ght two f9e girls & a %ip-boy1 :om he took back to 8 own c\ntry1 ador+ ,ti51 & comm5d+ himself to ,confucius4 ,= myself1 :o 0 pres5t at ?is conv]sation1 ,i cle>ly saw :at glory is2 & ,i said3 ,s9ce ,cs> & ,jupit] are unkn[n 9 ! f9e/1 ! mo/ anci5t1 ! mo/ ext5sive1 ! mo/ popul\s & well-regulat$ k+dom ^u e>?2 x beseems y1 ye gov]nors ( "s little c\ntry1 ye prea*]s 9 "s little p>i%1 or "s little t[n--ye doctors ( ,salamanca & ( ,b\rges1 ye flimsy au?ors1 & ye pond]\s comm5tators--x beseems y to make pret5sions to r5[n6 ,,goat--,,sorc]y4 ,! honors ( e k9d :i* antiquity paid to goats w\ld be v a/oni%+1 if any?+ c\ld a/oni% ^? :o h gr[n a little famili> ) ! _w1 anci5t & mod]n4 ,! ,egyptians & ! ,jews (t5 designat$ ! k+s & ! *iefs ( ! p by ! ^w goat4 ,we f9d 9 ,za*>iah3 ,m9e ang] 0 k9dl$ aga9/ ! %eph]ds1 & ,i puni%$ ! goats2 = ! ,"l ( ,ho/s ha? visit$ 8 flock1 ! h\se ( ,judah1 & ha? made !m z 8 goodly horse 9 ! battle4 ,remove out ( ! mid/ ( ,babylon1 says ,j]emiah to ! *iefs ( ! p2 g =? out ( ! l& ( ! ,*aldans1 & be z ! he-goats be=e ! flocks4 ,isaiah1 9 *apt]s x4 & xiv41 uses ! t]m goat1 :i* has be5 translat$ pr9ce4 ,! ,egyptians w5t mu* f>!r ?an call+ _! k+s goats2 !y consecrat$ a goat 9 ,m5des1 & x is ev5 said t !y ador$ him4 ,! tru? v likely 01 t ! p took an emblem = a div9ity1 z is b too (t5 ! case4 ,x is n likely t ! ,egyptian %on or %otim1 i4e41 prie/s1 immolat$ goats & wor%ipp$ !m at ! same "t4 ,we "k t !y _h _! goat ,hazazel1 :i* !y adorn$ & cr[n$ ) fl[]s1 & ?rew d[n headlong1 z an expiation = ! p2 & t ! ,jews took f !m1 n only ?is c]emony1 b ev5 ! v "n ( ,hazazel1 z !y adopt$ _m o!r rites f ,egypt4 ,b goats receiv$ ano!r1 & yet m s+ul> honor4 ,x is beyond a d\bt t 9 ,egypt _m wom5 set ! same example ) goats1 z ,pasiphae did ) h] bull4 ,! ,jews b too fai?fully imitat$ ^! abom9ations4 ,j]oboam in/itut$ prie/s = ! s]vice ( 8 calves & 8 goats4 ,! wor%ip ( ! goat 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,egypt1 & 9 ! l&s ( a "p ( ,pale/9e4 ,en*antm5ts 7 believ$ to be op]at$ by means ( goats1 & o!r mon/]s1 :i* 7 always repres5t$ ) a goat's head4 ,magic1 sorc]y1 soon pass$ f ! ,ea/ into ! ,we/1 & ext5d$ itself ?r\gh\t ! e>?4 ,! sort ( sorc]y t came f ! ,jews 0 call$ ,sabbatum by ! ,romans1 :o ?us conf\nd$ _! sacr$ day ) _! secret abom9ations4 ,!nce x 01 t 9 ! neighbor+ nations1 to be a sorc]] & to g to ! sabba?1 meant ! same ?+4 ,wret*$ village wom51 deceiv$ by knaves1 & /ill m by ! weakness ( _! own imag9ations1 believ$ t aft] pron\nc+ ! ^w abraxa1 & rubb+ !mselves ) an o9tm5t mix$ ) c[-dung & goat's hair1 !y w5t to ! sabba? on a broom-/ick 9 _! sleep1 t !re !y ador$ a goat1 & t he enjoy$ !m4 ,?is op9ion 0 univ]sal4 ,all ! doctors ass]t$ t x 0 ! devil1 :o metamorphos$ himself into a goat4 ,?is may be se5 9 ,del ,rio's ,disquisitions1 & 9 a hundr$ o!r au?ors4 ,! !ologian ,grill&us1 a great promot] ( ! ,inquisition1 quot$ by ,del ,rio1 says t sorc]]s call ! goat ,m>t9et4 ,he assures u t a woman :o 0 atta*$ to ,m>t9et1 m\nt$ on 8 back1 & 0 c>ri$ 9 an in/ant ?r\gh ! air to a place call$ ! ,nut ( ,b5ev5to4 ,!re 7 books 9 :i* ! my/]ies ( ! sorc]]s 7 writt54 ,i h se5 "o ( !m1 at ! head ( :i* 0 a figure ( a goat v badly drawn1 ) a woman on h] knees beh9d him4 ,9 ,france1 ^! books 7 call$ grimoires2 & 9 o!r c\ntries ! devil's alphabet4 ,t :i* ,i saw conta9$ only f\r leaves1 9 almo/ illegible *>act]s1 mu* l ^? ( ! ,%eph]d's ,almanac4 ,reason+ & bett] education w\ld h suffic$ 9 ,europe = ! extirpation ( su* an extravagance2 b executions 7 employ$ in/ead ( reason+4 ,! pret5d$ sorc]]s _h _! grimoire & ! judges _h _! sorc]]'s code4 ,9 #aeii1 ! ,jesuit ,del ,rio1 a doctor ( ,l\va91 publi%$ 8 ,magical ,disquisitions4 ,he affirms t all h]etics are magicians1 & frequ5tly recomm5ds t !y be put to ! torture4 ,he has no d\bt t ! devil trans=ms himself into a goat & grants 8 favors to all wom5 pres5t$ to him4 ,he quotes v>i\s jurisconsults1 call$ demonograph]s1 :o ass]t t ,lu!r 0 ! son ( a woman & a goat4 ,he assures u t at ,brussels1 9 #aeie1 a woman 0 br\ght to b$ ( a *ild1 ( :i* ! devil1 disguis$ z a goat1 0 fa!r1 & t %e 0 puni%$1 b he does n in=m u 9 :at mann]4 ,b ! jurisprud5ce ( wit*craft has be5 ! mo/ pr(\ndly treat$ by "o ,boguet1 gr& juge en d]ni] ressort ( an abbey ( ,/4 ,claude 9 ,fran*e-,comt4 ,he gives an acc\nt ( all ! executions to :i* he condemn$ wiz>ds & wit*es1 & ! numb] is v consid]able4 ,ne>ly all ! wit*es are suppos$ to h _h comm]ce ) ! goat4 ,x has already be5 said t m ?an a hundr$ ?\s& sorc]]s h be5 execut$ 9 ,europe4 ,philosophy alone has at l5g? cur$ m5 ( ?is abom9able delusion1 & has taught judges t !y %\ld n burn ! insane4 ,,god--,,gods4 ,,section ,i4 ,! read] _c too c>efully be> 9 m9d t ?is diction>y has n be5 writt5 = ! purpose ( repeat+ :at s _m o!rs h said4 ,! k ( a ,god is n impress$ ^u u by ! h&s ( nature1 = !n m5 w\ld all h ! same idea2 & no idea is born ) u4 ,x does n come to u l ! p]ception ( light1 ( ! gr\nd1 etc41 :i* we receive z soon z our eyes & our und]/&+s are op5$4 ,is x a philosophical idea8 ,no2 m5 admitt$ ! exi/5ce ( gods be=e !y 7 philosoph]s4 ,:5ce1 !n1 is ?is idea d]iv$8 ,f feel+1 & f t natural logic :i* unfolds itself ) age1 ev5 9 ! rude/ ( mank9d4 ,a/oni%+ effects ( nature 7 beheld--h>ve/s & b>r5ness1 fair wea!r & /orms1 b5efits & sc\rges2 & ! h& ( a ma/] 0 felt4 ,*iefs 7 necess>y to gov]n societies2 & x 0 ne$ful to admit sov]eigns ( ^! new sov]eigns :om human weakness _h giv5 itself--be+s be=e ^: p[] ^! m5 :o c\ld be> d[n _! fell[-m5 might tremble4 ,! fir/ sov]eigns 9 _! "t employ$ ^! notions to cem5t _! p[]4 ,su* 7 ! fir/ /eps2 ?us e little society _h its god4 ,^! notions 7 rude because ev]y?+ 0 rude4 ,x is v natural to reason by analogy4 ,"o society "u a *ief did n d5y t ! neighbor+ tribe %\ld likewise h its judge1 or its capta92 consequ5tly x c\ld n d5y t ! o!r %\ld also h its god4 ,b z x 0 to ! int]e/ ( ea* tribe t its capta9 %\ld be ! be/1 x 0 also int]e/$ 9 believ+1 & consequ5tly x did believe1 t its god 0 ! mightie/4 ,h5ce ^? anci5t fables :i* h s long be5 g5]ally diffus$1 t ! gods ( "o nation f\ght aga9/ ! gods ( ano!r4 ,h5ce ! num]\s passages 9 ! ,hebrew books1 :i* we f9d con/antly disclos+ ! op9ion ent]ta9$ by ! ,jews1 t ! gods ( _! enemies exi/$1 b t !y 7 inf]ior to ! ,god ( ! ,jews4 ,mean:ile1 9 ! great /ates :]e ! progress ( society all[$ to individuals ! enjoym5t ( speculative leisure1 !re 7 prie/s1 ,magi1 & philosoph]s4 ,"s ( ^! p]fect$ _! reason s f> z to ackn[l$ge 9 secret "o only & univ]sal god4 ,s1 al?\gh ! anci5t ,egyptians ador$ ,osiri1 ,osiris1 or r ,osire? 7:i* signifies ?is l& is m9e72 ?\gh !y also ador$ o!r sup]ior be+s1 yet !y admitt$ "o supreme1 "o only pr9cipal god1 :om !y call$ ,knef1 ^: symbol 0 a sph]e plac$ on ! frontispiece ( ! temple4 ,aft] ?is model1 ! ,greeks _h _! ,zeus1 _! ,jupit]1 ! ma/] ( ! o!r gods1 :o 7 b :at ! angels are ) ! ,babylonians & ! ,hebrews1 & ! sa9ts ) ! ,*ri/ians ( ! ,roman communion4 ,x is a m ?orny "q ?an x has be5 consid]$1 & "o by no means pr(\ndly exam9$1 :e!r sev]al gods1 equal 9 p[]1 c exi/ at ! same "t8 ,we h no adequate idea ( ! ,div9ity2 we creep on f conjecture to conjecture1 f likelihood to probability4 ,we h v few c]ta9ties4 ,!re is some?+2 !re=e !re is some?+ et]nal2 = no?+ is produc$ f no?+4 ,"h is a c]ta9 tru? on :i* ! m9d reposes4 ,e "w :i* %[s u means & an end1 ann\nces a workman2 !n ?is univ]se1 compos$ ( spr+s1 ( means1 ea* ( :i* has its end1 discov]s a mo/ mighty1 a mo/ intellig5t workman4 ,"h is a probability approa*+ ! greate/ c]ta9ty4 ,b is ?is supreme artific] inf9ite8 ,is he ev]y:]e8 ,is he 9 "o place8 ,h[ are we1 ) our feeble intellig5ce & limit$ k1 to answ] ^! que/ions8 ,my reason alone proves to me a be+ :o has arrang$ ! matt] ( ?is _w2 b my reason is unable to prove to me t he made ?is matt]--t he br\ght x out ( no?+4 ,all ! sages ( antiquity1 )\t exception1 believ$ matt] to be et]nal1 & exi/+ by itself4 ,all !n t ,i c d1 )\t ! aid ( sup]ior light1 is to believe t ! ,god ( ?is _w is also et]nal1 & exi/+ by ,himself4 ,god & matt] exi/ by ! nature ( ?+s4 ,may n o!r gods exi/1 z well z o!r worlds8 ,:ole nations1 & v enlight5$ s*ools1 h cle>ly admitt$ two gods 9 ?is _w--"o ! s\rce ( good1 ! o!r ! s\rce ( evil4 ,!y admitt$ an et]nal w> betwe5 two equal p[]s4 ,assur$ly1 nature c m easily suff] ! exi/5ce ( sev]al indep5d5t be+s 9 ! imm5sity ( space1 ?an t ( limit$ & p[]less gods 9 ?is _w1 ( :om "o c d no good1 & ! o!r no h>m4 ,if ,god & matt] exi/ f all et]nity1 z antiquity believ$1 "h !n are two necess>y be+s2 n[1 if !re be two necess>y be+s1 !re may be ?irty4 ,^! d\bts alone1 :i* are ! g]m ( an inf9ity ( reflections1 s]ve at lea/ to conv9ce u ( ! feebl5ess ( our und]/&+4 ,we mu/1 ) ,cic]o1 confess our ignorance ( ! nature ( ! ,div9ity2 we %all nev] "k any m ( x ?an he did4 ,9 va9 d ! s*ools tell u t ,god is inf9ite negatively & n privatively--=malit] et non mat]ialit] t ,he is ! fir/ act1 ! middle1 & ! la/--t ,he is ev]y:]e )\t be+ 9 any place2 a hundr$ pages ( comm5t>ies on def9itions l ^! _c give u ! smalle/ light4 ,we h no /eps :]eby to arrive at su* k4 ,we feel t we are "u ! h& ( an invisible be+2 ?is is all2 we _c advance "o /ep f>!r4 ,x is mad tem]ity to seek to div9e :at ?is be+ is--:e!r he is ext5d$ or n1 :e!r he is 9 "o place or n1 h[ he exi/s1 or h[ he op]ates4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,i am ev] appreh5sive ( be+ mi/ak52 b all monum5ts give me suffici5t evid5ce t ! poli%$ nations ( antiquity ackn[l$g$ a supreme god4 ,!re is n a book1 n a m$al1 n a bas-relief1 n an inscription1 9 :i* ,juno1 ,m9]va1 ,neptune1 ,m>s1 or any ( ! o!r deities1 is spok5 ( z a =m+ be+1 ! sov]eign ( all nature4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! mo/ anci5t pr(ane books t we h--^? ( ,hesiod & ,hom]--repres5t _! ,zeus z ! only ?und]]1 ! only ma/] ( gods & m52 he ev5 puni%es ! o!r gods2 he ties ,juno ) a *a91 & drives ,apollo out ( heav54 ,! anci5t religion ( ! ,brahm9s--! fir/ t admitt$ cele/ial creatures--! fir/ :i* spoke ( _! rebellion--expla9s itself 9 sublime mann] conc]n+ ! unity & p[] ( ,god2 z we h se5 9 ! article on ,angel4 ,! ,*9ese1 anci5t z !y are1 come aft] ! ,indians4 ,!y h ackn[l$g$ "o only god f "t immemorial2 !y h no subord9ate gods1 no t m$iat+ demons or g5ii betwe5 ,god & man2 no oracles1 no ab/ract dogmas1 no !ological disputes among ! lett]$2 _! emp]or 0 always ! fir/ pontiff2 _! religion 0 always augu/ & simple2 ?us x is t ?is va/ empire1 ?\gh twice subjugat$1 has con/antly pres]v$ its integrity1 has made its conqu]ors receive its laws1 & not)/&+ ! crimes & mis]ies insep>able f ! human race1 is /ill ! mo/ fl\ri%+ /ate ^u e>?4 ,! ,magi ( ,*alda1 ! ,sabeans1 ackn[l$g$ b "o supreme god1 :om !y ador$ 9 ! />s1 :i* are 8 "w4 ,! ,p]sians ador$ him 9 ! sun4 ,! sph]e plac$ on ! frontispiece ( ! temple ( ,memphis 0 ! emblem ( "o only & p]fect god1 call$ ,knef by ! ,egyptians4 ,! title ( ,deus ,optimus ,maximus 0 nev] giv5 by ! ,romans to any b ,jupit]1 hom9um sator atque deorum4 ,?is great tru?1 :i* we h else:]e po9t$ out1 _c be too (t5 repeat$4 ,?is adoration ( a ,supreme ,god1 f ,romulus d[n to ! total de/ruction ( ! empire & ( its religion1 is confirm$4 ,9 spite ( all ! follies ( ! p1 :o v5]at$ second>y & ridicul\s gods1 & 9 spite ( ! ,epicureans1 :o 9 reality ackn[l$g$ none1 x is v]ifi$ t1 9 all times1 ! magi/rates & ! wise ador$ "o sov]eign ,god4 ,f ! great numb] ( te/imonies left u to ?is tru?1 ,i w select fir/ t ( ,maximus ( ,tyre1 :o fl\ri%$ "u ! ,anton9es--^? models ( true piety1 s9ce !y 7 models ( humanity4 ,^! are 8 words1 9 8 disc\rse entitl$ ,( ,god1 accord+ to ,plato4 ,! read] :o w\ld in/ruct himself is reque/$ to weigh !m well3 ,m5 h be5 s weak z to give to ,god a human figure1 because !y _h se5 no?+ sup]ior to man2 b x is ridicul\s to imag9e1 ) ,hom]1 t ,jupit] or ! ,supreme ,div9ity has black eyebr[s & gold5 hair1 :i* he _c %ake )\t mak+ ! heav5s tremble4 ,:5 m5 are que/ion$ conc]n+ ! nature ( ! ,div9ity1 _! answ]s are all diff]5t4 ,yet1 not)/&+ ?is prodigi\s v>iety ( op9ions1 y w f9d "o & ! same feel+ ?r\gh\t ! e>?--viz41 t !re is b "o ,god1 :o is ! fa!r ( all4444 ,aft] ?is =mal av[al1 aft] ! immortal disc\rses ( ,cic]o1 ( ,anton9e1 ( ,epictetus1 :at becomes ( ! declamations :i* s _m ignorant p$ants are /ill repeat+8 ,:at avail ^? et]nal reproa*+s ( base poly!ism & pu]ile idolatry1 b to conv9ce u t ! reproa*]s h n ! slighte/ acqua9tance ) /]l+ antiquity8 ,!y h tak5 ! rev]ies ( ,hom] = ! doctr9es ( ! wise4 ,is x necess>y to h /rong] or m expressive te/imony8 ,y w f9d x 9 ! lett] f ,maximus ( ,madaura to ,/4 ,augu/9e2 bo? 7 philosoph]s & orators2 at lea/1 !y prid$ !mselves on be+ s2 !y wrote to ea* o!r freely2 !y 7 ev5 fri5ds z mu* z a man ( ! old religion & "o ( ! new c\ld be fri5ds4 ,read ,maximus ( ,madaura's lett]1 & ! bi%op ( ,hippo's answ]3 ,lett] f ,maximus ( ,madaura4 ,n[1 t !re is a sov]eign ,god1 :o is )\t beg9n+1 &1 :o1 )\t hav+ begott5 any?+ l unto himself1 is nev]!less ! fa!r & ! =m] ( all ?+s1 :at man c be gross & /upid en\gh to d\bt8 ,he x is ( :om1 "u diff]5t names1 we adore ! et]nal p[] ext5d+ ?r\gh e "p ( ! _w--?us honor+ sep>ately1 by diff]5t sorts ( wor%ip1 :at may be call$ 8 sev]al memb]s1 we adore him entirely4444 ,may ^? subord9ate gods pres]ve y1 "u ^: names1 & by :om all we mortals ^u e>? adore ! common fa!r ( gods & m51 by diff]5t sorts ( wor%ip1 x is true1 b all accord+ 9 _! v>iety1 & all t5d+ to ! same end4 ,by :om 0 ?is lett] writt58 ,by a ,numidian--"o ( ! c\ntry ( ! ,alg]9es6 ,augu/9e's ,answ]4 ,9 y\r public squ>e !re are two /atues ( ,m>s1 ! "o nak$1 ! o!r arm$2 & close by1 ! figure ( a man :o1 ) ?ree f+]s advanc$ t[>ds ,m>s1 holds 9 *eck t div9ity1 s dang]\s to ! :ole t[n4 ,) reg>d to :at y say ( su* gods1 be+ portions ( ! only true ,god1 ,i take ! lib]ty y give me1 to w>n y n to fall into su* a sacrilege2 = t only ,god1 ( :om y speak1 is d\btless ,he :o is ackn[l$g$ by ! :ole _w1 & conc]n+ :om1 z "s ( ! anci5ts h said1 ! ignorant agree ) ! le>n$4 ,n[1 w y say t he ^: /r5g?1 if n 8 cruelty1 is repres5t$ by an inanimate man1 is a portion ( t ,god8 ,i c\ld easily pu% y h>d on ?is subject2 = y w cle>ly see h[ mu* might be said ^u x2 b ,i refra91 le/ y %\ld say t ,i employ aga9/ y ! weapons ( rhetoric r ?an ^? ( virtue4 ,we "k n :at 0 signifi$ by ^! two /atues1 ( :i* no ve/ige is left u2 b n all ! /atues ) :i* ,rome 0 fill$--n ! ,pan!on & all ! temples consecrat$ to ! inf]ior gods1 nor ev5 ^? ( ! twelve great] gods prev5t$ ,deus ,optimus ,maximus--,god1 mo/ good1 mo/ great--f be+ ackn[l$g$ ?r\gh\t ! empire4 ,! mis=tune ( ! ,romans1 !n1 0 _! ignorance ( ! ,mosaic law1 & aft]w>ds1 ( ! law ( ! disciples ( our ,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/--_! want ( ! fai?--_! mix+ ) ! wor%ip ( a supreme ,god ! wor%ip ( ,m>s1 ( ,v5us1 ( ,m9]va1 ( ,apollo1 :o did n exi/1 & _! pres]v+ t religion until ! "t ( ! ,!odosii4 ,happily1 ! ,go?s1 ! ,huns1 ! ,v&als1 ! ,h]uli1 ! ,lomb>ds1 ! ,franks1 :o de/roy$ t empire1 submitt$ to ! tru?1 & enjoy$ a bless+ d5i$ to ,scipio1 to ,cato1 to ,metellus1 to ,emilius1 to ,cic]o1 to ,v>ro1 to ,virgil1 & to ,horace4 ,none ( ^! great m5 knew ,jesus ,*ri/1 :om !y c\ld n "k2 yet !y did n wor%ip ! devil1 z s _m p$ants are e day repeat+4 ,h[ %\ld !y wor%ip ! devil1 ( :om !y _h nev] he>d8 ,a ,calumny on ,cic]o by ,w>burton1 on ! ,subject ( a ,supreme ,god4 ,w>burton1 l 8 contempor>ies1 has calumniat$ ,cic]o & anci5t ,rome4 ,he boldly supposes t ,cic]o pron\nc$ ^! words1 9 8 ,oration = ,flaccus3 ,x is unwor?y ( ! maje/y ( ! empire to adore only "o ,god--,maje/atem imp]ii non decuit ut unus tantum ,deus colatur4 ,x w1 p]haps1 h>dly be believ$ t !re is n a ^w ( ?is 9 ! ,oration = ,flaccus1 nor 9 any ( ,cic]o's works4 ,flaccus1 :o _h ex]cis$ ! prtor%ip 9 ,asia ,m9or1 is *>g$ ) ex]cis+ "s vexations4 ,he 0 secretly p]secut$ by ! ,jews1 :o !n inundat$ ,rome2 =1 by _! money1 !y _h obta9$ privileges 9 ,rome at ! v "t :5 ,pompey1 aft] ,crassus1 _h tak5 ,j]usalem1 & hang$ _! petty k+1 ,alex&]1 son ( ,ari/obolus4 ,flaccus _h =bidd5 ! convey+ ( gold & silv] specie to ,j]usalem1 because ! money came back alt]$1 & comm]ce 0 !reby injur$2 & he _h seiz$ ! gold :i* 0 cl&e/9ely c>ri$4 ,?is gold1 said ,cic]o1 is /ill 9 ! treasury4 ,flaccus has act$ z dis9t]e/$ly z ,pompey4 ,cic]o1 !n1 ) 8 wont$ irony1 pron\nces ^! words3 ,ea* c\ntry has its religion2 we h ours4 ,:ile ,j]usalem 0 yet free1 :ile ! ,jews 7 yet at peace1 ev5 !n !y held 9 abhorr5ce ! spl5dor ( ?is empire1 ! dignity ( ! ,roman "n1 ! in/itutions ( our ance/ors4 ,n[ t nation has %[n m ?an ev]1 by ! /r5g? ( its arms1 :at x %\ld ?9k ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,x has %[n u1 by its valor1 h[ de> x is to ! immortal gods2 x has prov$ x to u1 by its be+ vanqui%$1 expatriat$1 & tribut>y4--,/antibus ,hi]osolymis1 pacatisque ,judais1 tam5 i/orum religio sacrorum1 a spl5dore hujus imp]ii1 gravitate nom9is no/ri1 ma jorum in/itutis1 abhorrebat2 nunc v]o hoc magis quid ilia g5s1 quid de imp]io no/ro s5tiret1 o/5dit armis2 quam c>a diis immortalibus esset1 docuit1 quod e/ victa1 quod elocata1 quod s]vata4 ,x is !n q false t ,cic]o1 or any o!r ,roman1 ev] said t x did n become ! maje/y ( ! empire to ackn[l$ge a supreme ,god4 ,_! ,jupit]1 ! ,zeus ( ! ,greeks1 ! ,jehovah ( ! ,phnicians1 0 always consid]$ z ! ma/] ( ! second>y gods4 ,?is great tru? _c be too =cibly inculcat$4 ,did ! ,romans ,take ,_! ,gods f ! ,greeks8 ,_h n ! ,romans s]v$ gods = :om !y 7 n indebt$ to ! ,greeks8 ,= in/ance1 !y c\ld n be guilty ( plagi>ism 9 ador+ ,coelum1 :ile ! ,greeks ador$ ,ouranon2 or 9 address+ !mselves to ,saturnus & ,tellus1 :ile ! ,greeks address$ !mselves to ,ge & ,*ronos4 ,!y call$ ,c]es1 h] :om ! ,greeks nam$ ,deo & ,demit]4 ,_! ,neptune 0 ,poseidon1 _! ,v5us 0 ,aphrodite2 _! ,juno 0 call$1 9 ,greek1 ,era2 _! ,pros]p9e1 ,core2 & _! favorites1 ,m>s & ,bellona1 7 ,ares & ,enio4 ,9 none ( ^! in/ances d ! names resemble4 ,did ! inv5tive spirits ( ,rome & ( ,greece assemble8 or did ! "o take f ! o!r ! ?+1 :ile !y disguis$ ! "n8 ,x is v natural t ! ,romans1 )\t consult+ ! ,greeks1 %\ld make to !mselves gods ( ! heav5s1 ( "t2 be+s presid+ ov] w>1 ov] g5]ation1 ov] h>ve/s1 )\t go+ to ,greece to ask = gods1 z !y aft]w>ds w5t !re to ask = laws4 ,:5 y f9d a "n t resembles no?+ else1 x is b fair to believe x a native ( t p>ticul> c\ntry4 ,b is n ,jupit]1 ! ma/] ( all ! gods1 a ^w belong+ to e nation1 f ! ,euphrates to ! ,tib]8 ,among ! fir/ ,romans1 x 0 ,jov1 ,jovis2 among ! ,greeks1 ,zeus2 among ! ,phnicians1 ! ,syrians1 & ! ,egyptians1 ,jehovah4 ,does n ?is resemblance s]ve to confirm ! supposition t e p _h ! k ( ! ,supreme ,be+8--a k confus$1 x is true2 b :at man c h x di/9ct8 ,,section ,,iii4 ,exam9ation ( ,sp9oza4 ,sp9oza _c help admitt+ an intellig5ce act+ 9 matt]1 & =m+ a :ole ) x4 ,i mu/ conclude1 he says1 t ! absolute be+ is nei!r ?\ght nor ext5t1 exclusively ( ea* o!r2 b t ext5t & ?\ght are necess>y attributes ( ! absolute be+4 ,h]e9 he appe>s to diff] f all ! a!i/s ( antiquity2 f ,ocellus1 ,lucanus1 ,h]aclitus1 ,democritus1 ,leucippus1 ,/rato1 ,epicurus1 ,py?agoras1 ,diagoras1 ,z5o ( ,elis1 ,anaxim&]1 & s _m o!rs4 ,he diff]s f !m1 above all1 9 8 me?od1 :i* he took entirely f ! read+ ( ,desc>tes1 ^: v /yle he has imitat$4 ,! multitude ( ^? :o cry out aga9/ ,sp9oza1 )\t ev] hav+ read him1 w especially be a/oni%$ by 8 foll[+ decl>ation4 ,he does n make x to dazzle mank9d1 nor to appease !ologians1 nor to obta9 protectors1 nor to dis>m a p>ty2 he speaks z a philosoph]1 )\t nam+ himself1 )\t adv]tis+ himself2 & expresses himself 9 ,lat91 s z to be und]/ood by a v small numb]4 ,"h is 8 pr(ession ( fai?4 ,sp9oza's ,pr(ession ( ,fai?4 ,if ,i also conclud$ t ! idea ( ,god1 compris$ 9 t ( ! inf9ity ( ! univ]se1 excus$ me f ob$i5ce1 love1 & wor%ip1 ,i %\ld make a /ill m p]nici\s use ( my reason2 = x is evid5t to me t ! laws :i* ,i h receiv$1 n by ! relation or int]v5tion ( o!r m51 b imm$iately f ,him1 are ^? :i* ! light ( nature po9ts out to me z ! true guides ( rational conduct4 ,if ,i fail$ ( ob$i5ce1 9 ?is p>ticul>1 ,i %\ld s91 n only aga9/ ! pr9ciple ( my be+ & ! society ( my k9d1 b also aga9/ myself1 9 depriv+ myself ( ! mo/ solid advantage ( my exi/5ce4 ,?is ob$i5ce does1 x is true1 b9d me only to ! duties ( my /ate1 & makes me look on all besides z frivol\s practices1 inv5t$ 9 sup]/ition to s]ve ! purposes ( _! inv5tors4 ,) reg>d to ! love ( ,god1 s f>1 ,i conceive1 is ?is idea f t5d+ to weak5 x1 t no o!r is m calculat$ to increase x2 s9ce1 ?r\gh x1 ,i "k t ,god is intimate ) my be+2 t ,he gives me exi/5ce & my e prop]ty2 b ,he gives me !m lib]ally1 )\t reproa*1 )\t int]e/1 )\t subject+ me to any?+ b my own nature4 ,x bani%es fe>1 uneas9ess1 di/ru/1 & all ! effects ( a vulg> or int]e/$ love4 ,x in=ms me t ?is is a good :i* ,i _c lose1 & :i* ,i possess ! m fully1 z ,i "k & love x4 ,are ^! ! words ( ! virtu\s & t5d] ,fnelon1 or ^? ( ,sp9oza8 ,h[ is x t two m5 s oppos$ to ea* o!r1 h1 ) su* diff]5t notions ( ,god1 concurr$ 9 ! idea ( lov+ ,god = ,himself8 ,x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t !y w5t bo? to ! same end--! "o z a ,*ri/ian1 ! o!r z a man :o _h ! mis=tune n to be s2 ! holy ar*bi%op1 z philosoph]1 conv9c$ t ,god is di/9ct f nature2 ! o!r z a widely-err+ disciple ( ,desc>tes1 :o imag9$ t ,god is all nature4 ,! =m] 0 or?odox1 ! latt] 0 mi/ak51 ,i mu/ ass5t2 b bo? 7 hone/1 bo? e/imable 9 _! s9c]ity1 z 9 _! mild & simple mann]s2 ?\gh !re is no o!r po9t ( resemblance betwe5 ! imitator ( ! ,odyssey1 & a dry ,c>tesian f5c$ r\nd ) argum5ts2 betwe5 "o ( ! mo/ accompli%$ m5 ( ! c\rt ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 inve/$ ) :at is call$ a high div9ity1 & a poor unjudaz$ ,jew1 liv+ ) an income ( ?ree hundr$ flor9s1 9 ! mo/ pr(\nd obscurity4 ,if !re be any similitude betwe5 !m1 x is t ,fnelon 0 accus$ be=e ! ,sanh$rim ( ! new law1 & ! o!r be=e a synagogue )\t p[] or )\t reason2 b ! "o submitt$1 ! o!r rebell$4 ,f\ndation ( ,sp9oza's ,philosophy4 ,! great dialectician ,bayle has refut$ ,sp9oza4 ,8 sy/em1 !re=e1 is n demon/rat$1 l "o ( ,euclid's propositions2 =1 if x 7 s1 x c\ld n be combat$4 ,x is1 !re=e1 at lea/ obscure4 ,i h always _h "s suspicion t ,sp9oza1 ) 8 univ]sal sub/ance1 8 modes & accid5ts1 _h "s o!r mean+ ?an t 9 :i* he is und]/ood by ,bayle2 & consequ5tly1 t ,bayle may be "r1 )\t hav+ conf\nd$ ,sp9oza4 ,&1 9 p>ticul>1 ,i h always ?\ght t (t5 ,sp9oza did n und]/& himself1 & t ?is is ! pr9cipal reason :y he has n be5 und]/ood4 ,x seems to me t ! ramp>ts ( ,sp9ozism might be beat5 d[n on a side :i* ,bayle has neglect$4 ,sp9oza ?9ks t !re c exi/ b "o sub/ance2 & x appe>s ?r\gh\t 8 book t he builds 8 !ory on ! mi/ake ( ,desc>tes1 t nature is a pl5um4 ,! !ory ( a pl5um is z false z t ( a void4 ,x is n[ demon/rat$ t motion is z impossible 9 absolute fulness1 z x is impossible t1 9 an equal balance1 a weight ( two p\nds 9 "o scale %\ld s9k a weight ( two 9 ! o!r4 ,n[1 if e motion absolutely requires empty space1 :at becomes ( ,sp9oza's "o & only sub/ance8 ,h[ c ! sub/ance ( a />1 betwe5 :i* & u !re is a void s imm5se1 be precisely ! sub/ance ( ?is e>?1 or ! sub/ance ( myself1 or ! sub/ance ( a fly eat5 by a spid]8 ,p]haps ,i mi/ake1 b ,i nev] h be5 able to conceive h[ ,sp9oza1 admitt+ an inf9ite sub/ance ( :i* ?\ght & matt] are ! two modalities--admitt+ ! sub/ance :i* he calls ,god1 & ( :i* all t we see is mode or accid5t--c\ld nev]!less reject f9al causes4 ,if ?is inf9ite1 univ]sal be+ ?9ks1 mu/ he n h design8 ,if he has design1 mu/ he n h a w8 ,illu/ration3 ,desc>tes4 ,sp9oza says1 we are modes ( t absolute1 necess>y1 inf9ite be+4 ,i say to ,sp9oza1 we w1 & h design1 we :o are b modes2 !re=e1 ?is inf9ite1 necess>y1 absolute be+ _c be depriv$ ( !m2 !re=e1 he has w1 design1 p[]4 ,i am aw>e t v>i\s philosoph]s1 & especially ,lucretius1 h d5i$ f9al causes2 ,i am also aw>e t ,lucretius1 ?\gh n v *a/e1 is a v great poet 9 8 descriptions & 9 8 morals2 b 9 philosophy ,i own he appe>s to me to be v f> beh9d a college port] or a p>i% beadle4 ,to affirm t ! eye is n made to see1 nor ! e> to he>1 nor ! /oma* to dige/--is n ?is ! mo/ enorm\s absurdity1 ! mo/ revolt+ folly1 t ev] ent]$ ! human m9d8 ,d\bt] z ,i am1 ?is insanity seems to me evid5t1 & ,i say s4 ,= my "p1 ,i see 9 nature1 z 9 ! arts1 only f9al causes1 & ,i believe t an apple tree is made to be> apples1 z ,i believe t a wat* is made to tell ! h\r4 ,i mu/ "h acqua9t ! read]s t if ,sp9oza1 9 sev]al passages ( 8 works1 makes a je/ ( f9al causes1 he mo/ expressly ackn[l$ges !m 9 ! fir/ "p ( 8 ,be+1 9 ,g5]al & 9 ,p>ticul>4 ,"h he says1 ,p]mit me = a few mom5ts to dwell ) admiration on ! wond]ful disp5sation ( nature1 :i*1 hav+ enri*$ ! con/itution ( man ) all ! res\rces necess>y to prolong to a c]ta9 t]m ! duration ( 8 frail exi/5ce1 & to animate 8 k ( himself by t ( an inf9ity ( di/ant objects1 seems purposely to h neglect$ to give him ! means ( well kn[+ :at he is oblig$ to make a m ord9>y use (--! individuals ( 8 own species4 ,yet1 :5 duly consid]$1 ?is appe>s less ! effect ( a refusal ?an ( an extreme lib]ality2 =1 if !re 7 any intellig5t be+ t c\ld p5etrate ano!r aga9/ 8 w1 he w\ld enjoy su* an advantage z w\ld ( itself exclude him f society2 :]eas1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s1 ea* individual enjoy+ himself 9 full indep5d5ce communicates himself s mu* only z he f9ds conv5i5t4 ,:at %all ,i conclude f ?is8 ,t ,sp9oza frequ5tly contradict$ himself2 t he _h n always cle> ideas2 t 9 ! great wreck ( sy/ems1 he clung sometimes to "o plank1 sometimes to ano!r2 t 9 ?is weakness he 0 l ,malebran*e1 ,arnauld1 ,bossuet1 & ,claude1 :o n[ & !n contradict$ !mselves 9 _! disputes2 t he 0 l numb]less metaphysicians & !ologians8 ,i %all conclude t ,i h additional reason = di/ru/+ all my metaphysical notions2 t ,i am a v feeble animal1 tread+ on quicks&s1 :i* are cont9ually giv+ way b5ea? me2 & t !re is p]haps no?+ s fooli% z to believe ourselves always 9 ! "r4 ,b>u* ,sp9oza1 y are v confus$2 b are y z dang]\s z y are said to be8 ,i ma9ta9 t y are n2 & my reason is1 t y are confus$1 t y h writt5 9 bad ,lat91 & t !re are n t5 p]sons 9 ,europe :o read y f beg9n+ to end1 al?\gh y h be5 translat$ into ,fr5*4 ,:o is ! dang]\s au?or8 ,he :o is read by ! idle at c\rt & by ! ladies4 ,,section ,,iv4 ,! ,sy/em ( ,nature4 ,! au?or ( ! ,sy/em ( ,nature has _h ! advantage ( be+ read by bo? le>n$ & ignorant1 & by wom54 ,8 /yle1 !n1 has m]its :i* t ( ,sp9oza want$4 ,he is (t5 lum9\s1 sometimes eloqu5t2 al?\gh he may be *>g$1 l all ! re/1 ) repetition1 declamation1 & self-contradiction4 ,b = pr(undity1 he is v (t5 to be di/ru/$ bo? 9 physics & 9 morals4 ,! int]e/ ( mank9d is "h 9 "q2 we w1 !re=e1 exam9e :e!r 8 doctr9e is true & useful2 & w1 if we c1 be brief4 ,ord] & disord] d n exi/4 ,:at6 9 physics1 is n a *ild born bl9d1 )\t legs1 or a mon/]1 contr>y to ! nature ( ! species8 ,is x n ! ord9>y regul>ity ( nature t makes ord]1 & irregul>ity t con/itutes disord]8 ,is x n a great d]angem5t1 a dreadful disord]1 :5 nature gives a *ild hung] & closes ! sophagus8 ,! evacuations ( e k9d are necess>y2 yet ! *annels are frequ5tly )\t orifices1 :i* x is necess>y to rem$y4 ,d\btless ?is disord] has its cause2 = !re is no effect )\t a cause2 b x is a v disord]$ effect4 ,is n ! assass9ation ( our fri5d1 or ( our bro!r1 a horrible disord] 9 morals8 ,are n ! calumnies ( a ,g>asse1 ( a ,letelli]1 ( a ,d\c91 aga9/ ,jans5i/s1 & ^? ( ,jans5i/s aga9/ ,jesuits1 petty disord]s8 ,7 n ! massacre ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 ! ,iri% massacre1 etc41 execrable disord]s8 ,?is crime has its cause 9 passion1 b ! effect is execrable2 ! cause is fatal2 ?is disord] makes u %udd]4 ,! orig9 ( ! disord] rema9s to be discov]$1 b ! disord] exi/s4 ,exp]i5ce proves to u t ! matt] :i* we reg>d z in]t & dead assumes action1 intellig5ce1 & life1 :5 x is comb9$ 9 a c]ta9 way4 ,?is is precisely ! difficulty4 ,h[ does a g]m come to life8 ,( ?is ! au?or & ! read] are alike ignorant4 ,h5ce1 are n ! ,sy/em ( ,nature1 & all ! sy/ems 9 ! _w1 s _m dreams8 ,x w\ld be necess>y to def9e ! vital pr9ciple1 :i* ,i deem impossible4 ,is n ?is def9ition v easy1 v common8 ,is n life organization ) feel+8 ,b t y h ^! two prop]ties f ! motion ( matt] alone1 x is impossible to give any pro(2 & if x _c be prov$1 :y affirm x8 ,:y say al\d1 ,i "k1 :ile y say to y\rself1 ,i "k n8 ,x w be ask$1 :at is man8 etc4 ,assur$ly1 ?is article is no cle>] ?an ! mo/ obscure ( ,sp9oza's2 & _m read]s w feel indignant at ! decisive tone :i* is assum$ )\t any?+ be+ expla9$4 ,matt] is et]nal & necess>y2 b its =ms & its comb9ations are transitory & cont+5t1 etc4 ,x is h>d to compreh5d1 matt] be+1 accord+ to our au?or1 necess>y1 & )\t fre$om1 h[ !re c be any?+ cont+5t4 ,by cont+5cy1 we und]/& t :i* may be1 or may n be2 b s9ce all mu/ be1 ( absolute necessity1 e mann] ( be+1 :i* he "h v errone\sly calls cont+5t1 is z absolutely ( necessity z ! be+ itself4 ,"h aga9 we are 9 a labyr9?4 ,:5 y v5ture to affirm t !re is no ,god1 t matt] acts ( itself by an et]nal necessity1 x mu/ be demon/rat$ l a proposition 9 ,euclid1 o!rwise y re/ y\r sy/em only on a p]haps4 ,:at a f\ndation = t :i* is mo/ int]e/+ to ! human race6 ,if man is by 8 nature =c$ to love 8 well-be+1 he is =c$ to love ! means ( t well-be+4 ,x 7 useless1 & p]haps unju/1 to ask a man to be virtu\s1 if he _c be s )\t mak+ himself unhappy4 ,s soon z vice makes him happy1 he mu/ love vice4 ,?is maxim is yet m execrable 9 morals ?an ! o!rs are 9 physics4 ,7 x true t a man c\ld n be virtu\s )\t suff]+1 he mu/ be enc\rag$ to suff]4 ,our au?or's proposition w\ld evid5tly be ! ru9 ( society4 ,besides1 h[ does he "k t we _c be happy )\t hav+ vices8 ,on ! contr>y1 is x n prov$ by exp]i5ce t ! satisfaction ( hav+ subdu$ !m is a ?\s& times great] ?an ! pleasure ( yield+ to !m8--a pleasure always empoison$1 a pleasure lead+ to woe4 ,by subdu+ our vices1 we acquire tranquillity1 ! consol+ te/imony ( our consci5ce2 by giv+ ourselves up to !m1 we lose our heal?1 our quiet--we risk ev]y?+4 ,?us our au?or himself1 9 tw5ty passages1 wi%es all to be sacrific$ to virtue2 & he advances ?is proposition only to give 9 8 sy/em a fre% pro( ( ! necessity ( be+ virtu\s4 ,!y :o1 ) s _m argum5ts1 reject innate ideas %\ld h p]ceiv$ t ?is ineffable intellig5ce by :i* ! _w is said to be guid$1 & ( :i* our s5ses c det]m9e nei!r ! exi/5ce nor ! qualities1 is a be+ ( reason4 ,b1 truly1 h[ does x foll[ f our hav+ no innate ideas1 t !re is no ,god8 ,is n ?is consequ5ce absurd8 ,is !re any contradiction 9 say+ t ,god gives u ideas ?r\gh our s5ses8 ,is x n1 on ! contr>y1 mo/ cle>ly evid5t1 t if !re is an ,almighty ,be+ f :om we h life1 we owe to him our ideas & our s5ses z well z ev]y?+ else8 ,x %\ld fir/ h be5 prov$ t ,god does n exi/1 :i* our au?or has n done1 :i* he has n ev5 attempt$ to d be=e ?is page ( 8 t5? *apt]4 ,fe>ful ( we>y+ ! read] by an exam9ation ( all ^! deta*$ passages1 ,i w come at once to ! f\ndation ( ! book1 & ! a/oni%+ error ^u :i* ! au?or has built 8 sy/em4 ,/ory ( ! ,eels on ,:i* ! ,sy/em is ,f\nd$4 ,ab\t ! ye> #agej !re 01 9 ,france1 an ,engli% ,jesuit call$ ,ne$ham1 disguis$ z a secul>1 :o 0 !n s]v+ z tutor to ! nephew ( ,m4 ,dillon1 ar*bi%op ( ,t\l\se4 ,?is man made exp]im5ts 9 natural philosophy1 & especially 9 *emi/ry4 ,hav+ put "s rye meal into well-cork$ bottles1 & "s boil$ mutton gravy into o!r bottles1 he ?\ght t 8 mutton gravy & 8 meal _h giv5 bir? to eels1 :i* aga9 produc$ o!rs2 & t ?us a race ( eels 0 =m$ indiff]5tly f ! juice ( meat1 or f a gra9 ( rye4 ,a natural philosoph]1 ( "s reputation1 _h no d\bt t ?is ,ne$ham 0 a pr(\nd a!i/4 ,he conclud$ t1 s9ce eels c\ld be made ( rye meal1 m5 might be made ( :eat fl\r2 t nature & *emi/ry produce all2 & t x 0 demon/rat$ t we may v well disp5se ) an all-=m+ ,god4 ,?is prop]ty ( meal v easily deceiv$ "o :o1 un=tunately1 0 already w&]+ amid/ ideas t %\ld make u tremble = ! weakness ( ! human m9d4 ,he want$ to dig a hole 9 ! c5tre ( ! e>?1 to see ! c5tral fire2 to dissect ,patagonians1 t he might "k ! nature ( ! s\l2 to cov] ! sick ) pit*1 to prev5t !m f p]spir+2 to exalt 8 s\l1 t he might =etell ! future4 ,if to ^! ?+s x 7 add$1 t he _h ! /ill great] unhapp9ess ( seek+ to oppress two ( 8 bre?r51 x w\ld d no honor to a!ism2 x w\ld only s]ve to make u look into ourselves ) confusion4 ,x is really /range t m51 :ile d5y+ a creator1 %\ld h attribut$ to !mselves ! p[] ( creat+ eels4 ,b x is yet m deplorable t natural philosoph]s1 ( bett] in=mation1 adopt$ ! ,jesuit ,ne$ham's ridicul\s sy/em1 & jo9$ x to t ( ,maillet1 :o ass]t$ t ! ocean _h =m$ ! ,alps & ,pyr5ees1 & t m5 7 orig9ally porpoises1 ^: =k$ tails *ang$ 9 ! c\rse ( "t into ?ighs & legs4 ,su* fancies are wor?y to be plac$ ) ! eels =m$ by meal4 ,we 7 assur$1 n long ago1 t at ,brussels a h5 _h br\ght =? half a doz5 "y rabbits4 ,?is transmutation ( meal & gravy into eels 0 demon/rat$ to be z false & ridicul\s z x really is1 by ,m4 ,spallanzani1 a r bett] obs]v] ?an ,ne$ham4 ,b ! extravagance ( s palpable an illusion 0 evid5t )\t 8 obs]vations4 ,ne$ham's eels soon foll[$ ! ,brussels' h54 ,nev]!less1 9 #agfh1 ! correct1 elegant1 & judici\s translator ( ,lucretius 0 s f> l$ away1 t he n only1 9 8 notes to book viii4 p4 #cfa1 repeats ,ne$ham's pret5d$ exp]im5ts1 b he also does all he c to e/abli% _! validity4 ,"h1 !n1 we h ! new f\ndation ( ! ,sy/em ( ,nature4 ,! au?or1 9 ! second *apt]1 ?us expresses himself3 ,aft] moi/5+ meal ) wat]1 & %utt+ up ! mixture1 x is f\nd aft] a little "t1 ) ! aid ( ! microscope1 t x has produc$ organiz$ be+s1 ( ^: production ! wat] & meal 7 believ$ to be incapable4 ,?us inanimate nature c pass into life1 :i* is itself b an assemblage ( motions4 ,7 ?is unp>allel$ blund] true1 yet1 9 rigor\s reason+1 ,i d n see h[ x w\ld prove !re is no ,god2 ,i d n see :y a supreme1 intellig5t1 & mighty be+1 hav+ =m$ ! sun & ! />s1 might n also deign to =m animalculae )\t a g]m4 ,"h is no contradiction 9 t]ms4 ,a demon/rative pro( t ,god has no exi/5ce mu/ be s\ght else:]e2 & mo/ assur$ly no p]son has ev] f\nd1 or w ev] f9d1 "o4 ,our au?or treats f9al causes ) contempt1 because ! argum5t is hackney$2 b ?is mu*-contemn$ argum5t is t ( ,cic]o & ( ,newton4 ,?is alone might some:at less5 ! confid5ce ( a!i/s 9 !mselves4 ,! numb] is n small ( ! sages :o1 obs]v+ ! c\rse ( ! />s1 & ! prodigi\s art t p]vades ! /ructure ( animals & vegetables1 h ackn[l$g$ a p[]ful h& work+ ^! cont9ual wond]s4 ,! au?or ass]ts t matt]1 bl9d & )\t *oice1 produces intellig5t animals4 ,produce1 )\t intellig5ce1 be+s ) intellig5ce6 ,is ?is conceivable8 ,is ?is sy/em f\nd$ on ! smalle/ v]isimilitude8 ,an op9ion s contradictory requires pro(s no less a/oni%+ ?an itself4 ,! au?or gives u none2 he nev] proves any?+2 b he affirms all t he advances4 ,:at *aos6 :at confusion6 & :at tem]ity6 ,sp9oza at lea/ ackn[l$g$ an intellig5ce act+ 9 ?is great :ole1 :i* con/itut$ nature3 9 ?is !re 0 philosophy4 ,b 9 ! new sy/em1 ,i am "u ! necessity ( say+ t !re is none4 ,matt] has ext5t1 solidity1 gravity1 divisibility4 ,i h all ^! z well z ?is /one3 b 0 a /one ev] kn[n to feel & ?9k8 ,if ,i am ext5d$1 solid1 divisible1 ,i owe x to matt]4 ,b ,i h s5sations & ?\ghts--to :at d ,i owe !m8 ,n to wat]1 n to mire--mo/ likely to some?+ m p[]ful ?an myself4 ,solely to ! comb9ation ( ! elem5ts1 y w say4 ,!n prove x to me4 ,%[ me pla9ly t my intellig5ce _c h be5 giv5 to me by an intellig5t cause4 ,to ?is are y r$uc$4 ,our au?or successively combats ! ,god ( ! s*oolm5--a ,god compos$ ( discordant qualities2 a ,god to :om1 z to ^? ( ,hom]1 is attribut$ ! passions ( m52 a ,god caprici\s1 fickle1 unreasonable1 absurd--b he _c combat ! ,god ( ! wise4 ,! wise1 contemplat+ nature1 admit an intellig5t & supreme p[]4 ,x is p]haps impossible = human reason1 de/itute ( div9e assi/ance1 to g a /ep fur!r4 ,our au?or asks :]e ?is be+ resides2 &1 f ! impossibility t anyone1 )\t be+ inf9ite1 %\ld tell :]e ,he resides1 he concludes t ,he does n exi/4 ,?is is n philosophical2 = we are n1 because we _c tell :]e ! cause ( an effect is1 to conclude t !re is no cause4 ,if y _h nev] se5 a gunn]1 & y saw ! effects ( a batt]y ( cannon1 y w\ld n say x acts entirely by itself4 ,%all x1 !n1 only be necess>y = y to say !re is no ,god1 9 ord] to be believ$ on y\r words8 ,f9ally1 8 great objection is1 ! woes & crimes ( mank9d--an objection alike anci5t & philosophical2 an objection common1 b fatal & t]rible1 & to :i* we f9d no answ] b 9 ! hope ( a bett] life4 ,yet :at is ?is hope8 ,we c h no c]ta9ty 9 x b f reason4 ,b ,i w v5ture to say1 t :5 x is prov$ to u t a va/ edifice1 con/ruct$ ) ! greate/ art1 is built by an ar*itect1 :oev] he may be1 we ought to believe 9 t ar*itect1 ev5 ?\gh ! edifice %\ld be /a9$ ) our blood1 pollut$ by our crimes1 & %\ld cru% u 9 its fall4 ,i inquire n :e!r ! ar*itect is a good "o1 :e!r ,i %\ld be satisfi$ ) 8 build+1 :e!r ,i %\ld quit x r ?an /ay 9 x1 nor :e!r ^? :o are lodg$ 9 x = a few days1 l myself1 are cont5t3 ,i only inquire if x be true t !re is an ar*itect1 or if ?is h\se1 conta9+ s _m f9e ap>tm5ts & s _m wret*$ g>rets1 built itself4 ,,section ,v4 ,! ,necessity ( ,believ+ 9 a ,supreme ,be+4 ,! great1 ! int]e/+ object1 z x appe>s to me1 is1 n to argue metaphysically1 b to consid] :e!r1 = ! common good ( u mis]able & ?9k+ animals1 we %\ld admit a rew>d+ & av5g+ ,god1 at once our re/ra9t & consolation1 or %\ld reject ?is idea1 & s ab&on ourselves to calamity )\t hope1 & crime )\t remorse4 ,hobbes says t if1 9 a commonweal?1 9 :i* no ,god %\ld be ackn[l$g$1 any citiz5 7 to propose "o1 he w\ld h him hang$4 ,app>5tly1 he meant by ?is /range exagg]ation1 a citiz5 :o %\ld seek to rule 9 ! "n ( a god1 a *>latan :o w\ld make himself a tyrant4 ,we und]/& citiz5s1 :o1 feel+ ! weakness ( human nature1 its p]v]s5ess1 & its mis]y1 seek "s prop to support x ?r\gh ! languors & horrors ( ?is life4 ,f ,job d[n to u1 a great _m m5 h curs$ _! exi/5ce2 we h1 !re=e1 p]petual ne$ ( consolation & hope4 ,( ^! y\r philosophy deprives u4 ,! fable ( ,p&ora 0 bett]2 x left u hope--:i* y snat* f u6 ,philosophy1 y say1 furni%es no pro( ( happ9ess to come4 ,no--b y h no demon/ration ( ! contr>y4 ,!re may be 9 u an inde/ructible monad :i* feels & ?9ks1 )\t our kn[+ any?+ at all ( h[ t monad is made4 ,reason is n absolutely oppos$ to ?is idea1 ?\gh reason alone does n prove x4 ,has n ?is op9ion a prodigi\s advantage ov] y\rs8 ,m9e is useful to mank9d1 y\rs is baneful2 say ( x :at y w1 x may enc\rage a ,n]o1 an ,alex&] ,,vi41 or a ,c>t\*e4 ,m9e may re/ra9 !m4 ,m>cus ,anton9us & ,epictetus believ$ t _! monad1 ( :atev] k9d x 01 w\ld be unit$ to ! monad ( ! ,great ,be+2 & !y 7 ! mo/ virtu\s ( m54 ,9 ! /ate ( d\bt 9 :i* we bo? are1 ,i d n say to y ) ,pascal1 *oose ! safe/4 ,!re is no safety 9 unc]ta9ty4 ,we are "h n to talk1 b to exam9e2 we mu/ judge1 & our judgm5t is n det]m9$ by our w4 ,i d n propose to y to believe extravagant ?+s1 9 ord] to escape emb>rassm5t4 ,i d n say to y1 ,g to ,mecca1 & in/ruct y\rself by kiss+ ! black /one1 take hold ( a c['s tail1 muffle y\rself 9 a scapul>y1 or be imbecile & fanatical to acquire ! favor ( ! ,be+ ( be+s4 ,i say to y3 ,cont9ue to cultivate virtue1 to be b5efic5t1 to reg>d all sup]/ition ) horror1 or ) pity2 b adore1 ) me1 ! design :i* is manife/$ 9 all nature1 & consequ5tly ! ,au?or ( t design--! primordial & f9al cause ( all2 hope ) me t our monad1 :i* reasons on ! great et]nal be+1 may be happy ?r\gh t same great ,be+4 ,!re is no contradiction 9 ?is4 ,y c no m demon/rate its impossibility ?an ,i c demon/rate ma!matically t x is s4 ,9 metaphysics we sc>cely reason on any?+ b probabilities4 ,we are all swimm+ 9 a sea ( :i* we h nev] se5 ! %ore4 ,woe be to ^? :o fight :ile !y swim6 ,l& :o c3 b he t cries out to me1 ,y swim 9 va91 !re is no l&1 di%e>t5s me1 & deprives me ( all my /r5g?4 ,:at is ! object ( our dispute8 ,to console our unhappy exi/5ce4 ,:o consoles x--y or ,i8 ,y y\rself own1 9 "s passages ( y\r "w1 t ! belief 9 a ,god has )held "s m5 on ! br9k ( crime2 = me1 ?is ackn[l$gm5t is en\gh4 ,if ?is op9ion _h prev5t$ b t5 assass9ations1 b t5 calumnies1 b t5 iniquit\s judgm5ts on ! e>?1 ,i hold t ! :ole e>? ought to embrace x4 ,religion1 y say1 has produc$ ?\s&s ( crimes--say1 r1 sup]/ition1 :i* unhappily reigns ov] ?is globe2 x is ! mo/ cruel enemy ( ! pure adoration due to ! ,supreme ,be+4 ,let u dete/ ?is mon/] :i* has con/antly be5 te>+ ! bosom ( its "m2 !y :o combat x are b5efactors to mank9d3 x is a s]p5t enclos+ religion 9 its folds1 its head mu/ be bruis$1 )\t w\nd+ ! p>5t :om x infects & dev\rs4 ,y fe>1 t1 by ador+ ,god1 m5 w\ld soon aga9 become sup]/iti\s & fanatical4 ,b is x n to be fe>$ t 9 d5y+ ,him1 !y w\ld ab&on !mselves to ! mo/ atroci\s passions1 & ! mo/ frightful crimes8 ,betwe5 ^! two extremes is !re n a v rational mean8 ,:]e is ! safe track betwe5 ^! two rocks8 ,x is ,god1 & wise laws4 ,y affirm t x is b "o /ep f adoration to sup]/ition3 b !re is an inf9ity to well-con/itut$ m9ds1 & ^! are n[ v num]\s2 !y are at ! head ( nations2 !y influ5ce public mann]s1 &1 ye> by ye>1 ! fanaticism t ov]spread ! e>? is rec$+ 9 its dete/able usurpations4 ,i %all say a few words m 9 answ] to :at y say 9 page #bbc4 ,if x be presum$ t !re are relations betwe5 man & ?is incr$ible be+1 !n alt>s mu/ be rais$ & pres5ts mu/ be made to him1 etc42 if no conception be =m$ ( ?is be+1 !n ! matt] mu/ be ref]r$ to prie/s1 :o4444 ,a great evil to be sure1 to assemble 9 ! h>ve/ season1 & ?ank ,god = ! bread t ,he has giv5 u6 ,:o says y %\ld make pres5ts to ,god8 ,! idea is ridicul\s6 ,b :]e is ! h>m ( employ+ a citiz51 call$ an eld] or prie/1 to r5d] ?anks to ! ,div9ity 9 ! "n ( ! o!r citiz5s8--provid$ ! prie/ is n a ,gregory ,,vii4 trampl+ on ! heads ( k+s1 nor an ,alex&] ,,vi4 pollut+ by ince/ 8 daught]1 ! (fspr+ ( a rape1 &1 by ! aid ( 8 ba/>d son1 poison+ & assass9at+ almo/ all ! neighbor+ pr9ces3 provid$ t1 9 a p>i%1 ?is prie/ is n a knave1 pick+ ! pockets ( ! p5it5ts he confesses1 & us+ ! money to s$uce ! girls he cate*ises2 provid$ t ?is prie/ is n a ,letelli]1 putt+ ! :ole k+dom 9 combu/ion by rogu]ies wor?y ( ! pillory1 nor a ,w>burton1 violat+ ! laws ( society1 mak+ public ! private pap]s ( a memb] ( p>liam5t 9 ord] to ru9 him1 & calumniat+ :osoev] is n ( 8 op9ion4 ,! latt] cases are r>e4 ,! sac]dotal /ate is a curb :i* =ces to good behavior4 ,a /upid prie/ excites contempt2 a bad prie/ inspires horror2 a good prie/1 mild1 pi\s1 )\t sup]/ition1 *>itable1 tol]ant1 is "o :o ought to be *]i%$ & rev]$4 ,y dread abuses--s d ,i4 ,let u unite to prev5t !m2 b let u n condemn ! usage :5 x is useful to society1 :5 x is n p]v]t$ by fanaticism1 or by fraudul5t wick$ness4 ,i h "o v important ?+ to tell y4 ,i am p]suad$ t y are 9 a great error1 b ,i am equally conv9c$ t y are hone/ 9 y\r self-delusion4 ,y w\ld h m5 virtu\s ev5 )\t a ,god1 al?\gh y h un=tunately said t s soon z vice r5d]s man happy1 he mu/ love vice--a frightful proposition1 :i* y\r fri5ds %\ld h prevail$ on y to erase4 ,ev]y:]e else y inspire probity4 ,?is philosophical dispute w be only betwe5 y & a few philosoph]s scatt]$ ov] ,europe2 ! re/ ( ! e>? w n ev5 he> ( x4 ,! p d n read u4 ,if "s !ologian 7 to seek to p]secute u1 he w\ld be impud5t z well z wick$2 he w\ld b s]ve to confirm y1 & to make new a!i/s4 ,y are wrong3 b ! ,greeks did n p]secute ,epicurus2 ! ,romans did n p]secute ,lucretius4 ,y are wrong3 b y\r g5ius & y\r virtue mu/ be respect$1 :ile y are refut$ ) all possible /r5g?4 ,9 my op9ion1 ! f9e/ homage t c be r5d]$ to ,god is to /& =w>d 9 ,8 def5ce )\t ang]2 z ! mo/ unwor?y portrait t c be drawn ( ,him is to pa9t ,him v9dictive & furi\s4 ,he is tru? itself2 & tru? is )\t passion4 ,to be a disciple ( ,god is to ann\nce ,him z ( a mild he>t & ( an unalt]able m9d4 ,i ?9k1 ) y1 t fanaticism is a mon/] a ?\s& times m dang]\s ?an philosophical a!ism4 ,sp9oza did n commit a s+le bad action4 ,*tel & ,ravaillac1 bo? devotees1 assass9at$ ,h5ry ,,iv4 ,! a!i/ ( ! closet is almo/ always a quiet philosoph]1 :ile ! fanatic is always turbul5t3 b ! c\rt a!i/1 ! a!i/ical pr9ce1 might be ! sc\rge ( mank9d4 ,borgia & 8 l h done almo/ z mu* h>m z ! fanatics ( ,mn/] & ( ! ,cv5nes4 ,i say ! fanatics on bo? sides4 ,! mis=tune is1 t a!i/s ( ! closet make a!i/s ( ! c\rt4 ,x 0 ,*iron :o br\ght up ,a*illes2 he f$ him ) lion's m>r[4 ,a*illes w "o day drag ,hector's body r\nd ! walls ( ,troy1 & immolate twelve captives to 8 v5geance4 ,god keep u f an abom9able prie/ :o %\ld hew a k+ 9 pieces ) 8 sacrific+ knife1 z also f him :o1 ) a helmet on 8 head & a cuirass on 8 back1 at ! age ( sev5ty1 %\ld d>e to sign ) 8 ?ree bloody f+]s ! ridicul\s excommunication ( a k+ ( ,france6 & f4444 & f4444 ,b also1 may ,god pres]ve u f a *ol]ic & b>b>\s despot1 :o1 n believ+ 9 a ,god1 %\ld be 8 own ,god1 :o %\ld r5d] himself unwor?y ( 8 sacr$ tru/ by trampl+ on ! duties :i* t tru/ imposes1 :o %\ld remorselessly sacrifice to 8 passions1 8 fri5ds1 8 relatives1 8 s]vants1 & 8 p4 ,^! two tig]s1 ! "o %orn1 ! o!r cr[n$ are equally to be fe>$4 ,by :at means %all we muzzle !m84444 ,if ! idea ( a ,god has made a ,titus or a ,trajan1 an ,anton9e or an ,aurelius1 & ^? great ,*9ese emp]ors1 ^: memory is s de> to ! second ( ! mo/ anci5t & mo/ ext5sive empires 9 ! _w1 ^! examples are suffici5t = my cause--& my cause is t ( all mank9d4 ,i d n believe t !re is 9 all ,europe "o /atesman1 "o man at all v]s$ 9 ! affairs ( ! _w1 :o has n ! mo/ pr(\nd contempt = ! leg5ds ) :i* we h be5 inundat$1 ev5 m ?an we n[ are ) pamphlets4 ,if religion no long] gives bir? to civil w>s1 x is to philosophy alone t we are indebt$1 !ological disputes beg9n+ to be reg>d$ 9 mu* ! same mann] z ! qu>rels ( ,pun* & ,judy at ! fair4 ,a usurpation1 alike odi\s & ridicul\s1 f\nd$ ^u fraud on "o side & /upidity on ! o!r1 is e in/ant und]m9$ by reason1 :i* is e/abli%+ its reign4 ,! bull ,9 cna ,dom9i--t ma/]piece ( insol5ce & folly1 no long] d>es appe>1 ev5 9 ,rome4 ,if a regim5t ( monks makes ! lea/ evolution aga9/ ! laws ( ! /ate1 x is imm$iately brok54 ,b1 because ! ,jesuits h be5 expell$1 mu/ we also expel ,god8 ,on ! contr>y1 we mu/ love ,him ! m4 ,,section ,,vi4 ,9 ! reign ( ,arcadius1 ,logoma*os1 a !ologue ( ,con/ant9ople1 w5t into ,scy?ia & /opp$ at ! foot ( ,m\nt ,caucasus 9 ! fruitful pla9s ( ,zephirim1 on ! bord]s ( ,col*is4 ,! good old man ,dond9dac 0 9 8 great hall betwe5 8 l>ge %eepfold & 8 ext5sive b>n2 he 0 on 8 knees ) 8 wife1 8 five sons & five daught]s1 8 k9sm5 & s]vants2 & all 7 s++ ! praises ( ,god1 aft] a light repa/4 ,:at are y do+1 idolat]8 said ,logoma*os to him4 ,i am n an idolat]1 said ,dond9dac4 ,y mu/ be an idolat]1 said ,logoma*os1 = y are n a ,greek4 ,come1 tell me :at y 7 s++ 9 y\r b>b>\s ,scy?ian j>gon8 ,all tongues are alike to ! e>s ( ,god1 answ]$ ! ,scy?ian2 we 7 s++ ,8 praises4 ,v extraord9>y6 return$ ! !ologue2 a ,scy?ian family pray+ to ,god )\t hav+ be5 in/ruct$ by u6 ,he soon ent]$ into conv]sation ) ! ,scy?ian ,dond9dac2 = ! !ologue knew a little ,scy?ian1 & ! o!r a little ,greek4 ,?is conv]sation has be5 f\nd 9 a manuscript pres]v$ 9 ! libr>y ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,,logoma*os4 ,let u see if y "k y\r cate*ism4 ,:y d y pray to ,god8 ,,dond9dac4 ,because x is j to adore ! ,supreme ,be+1 f :om we h ev]y?+4 ,,logoma*os4 ,v fair = a b>b>ian4 ,& :at d y ask ( him8 ,,dond9dac ,i ?ank ,him = ! bless+s ,i enjoy1 & ev5 = ! trials :i* ,he s5ds me2 b ,i am c>eful to ask no?+ ( ,him2 = ,he kn[s our wants bett] ?an we d2 besides1 ,i %\ld be afraid ( ask+ = fair wea!r :ile my neighbor 0 ask+ = ra94 ,,logoma*os4 ,ah6 ,i ?\ght he w\ld say "s nons5se or o!r4 ,let u beg9 f>!r back4 ,b>b>ian1 :o told y t !re is a ,god8 ,,dond9dac ,all nature tells me4 ,,logoma*os4 ,t is n en\gh4 ,:at idea h y ( ,god8 ,,dond9dac ,! idea ( my ,creator2 my ma/]1 :o w rew>d me if ,i d good1 & puni% me if ,i d evil4 ,,logoma*os4 ,trifles6 tra%6 ,let u come to "s ess5tials4 ,is ,god inf9ite secundum quid1 or accord+ to ess5ce8 ,,dond9dac ,i don't und]/& y4 ,,logoma*os4 ,brute bea/6 ,is ,god 9 "o place1 or 9 e place8 ,,dond9dac4 ,i "k n 444 j z y please4 ,,logoma*os4 ,ignoramus6444 ,c ,he cause t :i* has n be5 to h be51 or t a /ick %all n h two ends8 ,does ,he see ! future z future1 or z pres5t8 ,h[ does ,he draw be+ f no?+1 & h[ r$uce be+ to no?+8 ,,dond9dac4 ,i h nev] exam9$ ^! ?+s4 ,,logoma*os4 ,:at a /upid fell[6 ,well1 ,i mu/ come ne>] to y\r level4444 ,tell me1 fri5d1 d y ?9k t matt] c be et]nal8 ,,dond9dac ,:at matt]s x to me :e!r x exi/s f all et]nity or n8 ,i d n exi/ f all et]nity4 ,god mu/ /ill be my ,ma/]4 ,he has giv5 me ! nature ( ju/ice2 x is my duty to foll[ x3 ,i seek n to be a philosoph]2 ,i wi% to be a man4 ,,logoma*os4 ,"o has a great deal ( tr\ble ) ^! block-heads4 ,let u proce$ /ep by /ep4 ,:at is ,god8 ,,dond9dac ,my sov]eign1 my judge1 my fa!r4 ,,logoma*os4 ,t is n :at ,i ask4 ,:at is ,8 nature8 ,,dond9dac4 ,to be mighty & good4 ,,logoma*os4 ,b is ,he corporeal or spiritual8 ,,dond9dac4 ,h[ %\ld ,i "k t8 ,,logoma*os4 ,:at2 d y n "k :at a _s is8 ,,dond9dac4 ,n 9 ! lea/4 ,( :at s]vice w\ld t k be to me8 ,%\ld ,i be m j8 ,%\ld ,i be a bett] husb&1 a bett] fa!r1 a bett] ma/]1 or a bett] citiz58 ,,logoma*os4 ,y mu/ absolutely be taught :at a _s is4 ,x is--x is--x is--,i w say :at ano!r "t4 ,,dond9dac4 ,i mu* fe> t y w tell me r :at x is n ?an :at x is4 ,p]mit me1 9 turn1 to ask y "o "q4 ,"s "t ago1 ,i saw "o ( y\r temples3 :y d y pa9t ,god ) a long be>d8 ,,logoma*os4 ,t is a v difficult "q1 & requires prelim9>y in/ruction4 ,,dond9dac4 ,be=e ,i receive y\r in/ruction1 ,i mu/ relate to y a ?+ :i* "o day happ5$ to me4 ,i _h j built a closet at ! end ( my g>d51 :5 ,i he>d a mole argu+ ?us ) an ant3 ,"h is a f9e fabric1 said ! mole2 x mu/ h be5 a v p[]ful mole t p]=m$ ?is "w4 ,y je/1 return$ ! ant2 ! ar*itect ( ?is edifice is an ant ( mighty g5ius4 ,f t "t ,i resolv$ nev] to dispute4 ,,good--,,! ,,sov]eign ,,good1 ,a ,,*im]a4 ,,section ,i4 ,happ9ess is an ab/ract idea compos$ ( c]ta9 pleasurable s5sations4 ,plato1 :o wrote bett] ?an he reason$1 conceiv$ ! notion ( 8 _w 9 ar*etype2 t is1 8 orig9al _w--( 8 g5]al ideas ( ! beautiful1 ! good1 ! ord]ly1 & ! j1 z if !re _h exi/$ et]nal be+s1 call$ ord]1 good1 beauty1 & ju/ice2 :5ce might be d]iv$ ! feeble copies exhibit$ "h bel[ ( ! j1 ! beautiful1 & ! good4 ,x is1 !n1 9 consequ5ce ( 8 sugge/ions t philosoph]s h occupi$ !mselves 9 seek+ = ! sov]eign good1 z *emi/s seek = ! philosoph]'s /one2 b ! sov]eign good has no m exi/5ce ?an ! sov]eign squ>e1 or ! sov]eign crimson3 !re is ! crimson color1 & !re are squ>es2 b !re is no g5]al exi/5ce s d5om9at$4 ,?is *im]ical mann] ( reason+ 0 = a long "t ! bane ( philosophy4 ,animals feel pleasure 9 p]=m+ all ! functions = :i* !y are de/9$4 ,! happ9ess :i* poetical fancy has imag9$ w\ld be an un9t]rupt$ s]ies ( pleasures2 b su* a s]ies w\ld be incompatible ) our organs & our de/9ation4 ,!re is great pleasure 9 eat+1 dr9k+1 & connubial ende>m5ts2 b x is cle> t if a man 7 always eat+1 or always 9 ! full ec/asy ( enjoym5t1 8 organs w\ld be incapable ( su/a9+ x3 x is fur!r evid5t t he w\ld be unable to fulfil ! de/9ies he 0 born to1 & t1 9 ! case suppos$1 ! human race w\ld absolutely p]i% ?r\gh pleasure4 ,to pass con/antly & )\t int]ruption f "o pleasure to ano!r is also a *im]a4 ,! woman :o has conceiv$ mu/ g ?r\gh *ildbir?1 :i* is a pa92 ! man is oblig$ to cleave wood & hew /one1 :i* is n a pleasure4 ,if ! "n ( happ9ess is meant to be appli$ to "s pleasures :i* are diffus$ ov] human life1 !re is 9 fact1 we mu/ admit1 happ9ess4 ,if ! "n atta*es only to "o pleasure always p]man5t1 or a cont9u$ al?\gh v>i$ range ( delici\s enjoym5t1 !n happ9ess belongs n to ?is t]raque\s globe4 ,g & seek = x else:]e4 ,if we make happ9ess consi/ 9 any p>ticul> situation t a man may be 91 z = in/ance1 a situation ( weal?1 p[]1 or fame1 we are no less mi/ak54 ,!re are "s scav5g]s :o are happi] ?an "s sov]eigns4 ,ask ,cromwell :e!r he 0 m happy :5 he 0 "l protector ( ,engl&1 ?an :51 9 8 y\?ful days1 he enjoy$ himself at a tav]n2 he w probably tell y 9 answ]1 t ! p]iod ( 8 usurpation 0 n ! p]iod mo/ productive ( pleasures4 ,h[ _m pla9 or ev5 ugly c\ntry wom5 are m happy ?an 7 ,hel5 & ,cleopatra4 ,we mu/ "h h[ev] make "o %ort rem>k2 t :5 we say su* a p>ticul> man is probably happi] ?an "s o!r2 t a "y mulete] has advantages v sup]ior to ^? ( ,*>les ,v42 t a dressmak] has m enjoym5t ?an a pr9cess1 we %\ld adh]e to ! probability ( ! case4 ,!re is c]ta9ly e appe>ance t a mulete]1 9 full heal?1 mu/ h m pleasure ?an ,*>les ! ,fif?1 laid up ) ! g\t2 b nev]!less x may also be1 t ,*>les1 on 8 crut*es1 revolves 9 8 m9d ) su* ec/asy ! facts ( 8 hold+ a k+ ( ,france & a pope prison]s1 t 8 lot is absolutely pref]able to t ( ! "y & vigor\s mulete]4 ,x c]ta9ly belongs to ,god alone1 to a be+ capable ( see+ ?r\gh all he>ts1 to decide :i* is ! happie/ man4 ,!re is only "o case 9 :i* a p]son c affirm t 8 actual /ate is worse or bett] ?an t ( 8 neighbor2 ?is case is t ( exi/+ rival%ip1 & ! mom5t t ( victory4 ,i w suppose t ,ar*im$es has an assignation at night ) 8 mi/ress4 ,nom5tanus has ! same assignation at ! same h\r4 ,ar*im$es pres5ts himself at ! door1 & x is %ut 9 8 face2 b x is op5$ to 8 rival1 :o enjoys an excell5t supp]1 :i* he enliv5s by 8 repeat$ sallies ( wit ^u ,ar*im$es1 & aft] ! conclusion ( :i* he )draws to /ill high] enjoym5ts1 :ile ! o!r rema9s expos$ 9 ! /reet to all ! pelt+ ( a pitiless /orm4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ,nom5tanus has a "r to say3 ,i am m happy to-night ?an ,ar*im$es3 ,i h m pleasure ?an he2 b x is necess>y1 9 ord] to admit ! tru? & ju/ness ( ! inf]5ce ( ! successful competitors 9 8 own favor1 to suppose t ,ar*im$es is ?9k+ only ab\t ! loss ( 8 good supp]1 ab\t be+ despis$ & deceiv$ by a beautiful woman1 ab\t be+ supplant$ by 8 rival1 & annoy$ by ! tempe/2 =1 if ! philosoph] 9 ! /reet %\ld be calmly reflect+ t 8 s\l ought to be above be+ discompos$ by a /rumpet or a /orm1 if he %\ld be absorb$ 9 a pr(\nd & int]e/+ problem1 & if he %\ld discov] ! proportions betwe5 ! cyl9d] & ! sph]e1 he may exp]i5ce a pleasure a hundr$ times sup]ior to t ( ,nom5tanus4 ,x is only !re=e 9 ! s+le case ( actual pleasure & actual pa91 & )\t a ref]5ce to any?+ else :atev]1 t a comp>ison betwe5 any two individuals c be prop]ly made4 ,x is unque/ionable t he :o enjoys ! society ( 8 mi/ress is happi] at ! mom5t ?an 8 scorn$ rival deplor+ ov] 8 mis=tune4 ,a man 9 heal?1 supp+ on a fat p>tridge1 is und\bt$ly happi] at ! "t ?an ano!r "u ! torm5t ( ! colic2 b we _c safely c>ry our inf]5ces f>!r2 we _c e/imate ! exi/5ce ( "o man aga9/ t ( ano!r2 we possess no accurate balance = weigh+ desires & s5sations4 ,we began ?is article ) ,plato & 8 sov]eign good2 we w conclude x ) ,solon & ! say+ ( 8 :i* has be5 s highly celebrat$1 t we ought to pron\nce no man happy be=e 8 dea?4 ,?is maxim1 :5 exam9$ into1 w be f\nd no?+ m ?an a pu]ile rem>k1 j l _m o!r apo!gms consecrat$ by _! antiquity4 ,! mom5t ( dea? has no?+ 9 common ) ! lot exp]i5c$ by any man 9 life2 a man may p]i% by a viol5t & ignom9i\s dea?1 & yet1 up to t mom5t1 may h enjoy$ all ! pleasures ( :i* human nature is susceptible4 ,x is v possible & v common = a happy man to cease to be s2 no "o c d\bt x2 b he has n ! less _h 8 happy mom5ts4 ,:at1 !n1 c ,solon's expression /rictly & fairly mean8 t a man happy to-day is n c]ta9 ( be+ s to-morr[6 ,9 ?is case x is a tru? s inconte/able & trivial t1 n m]ely is x n wor?y ( be+ elevat$ into a maxim1 b x is n wor?y deliv]+ at all4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,well-be+ is a r>e possession4 ,may n ! sov]eign good 9 ?is _w be consid]$ z a sov]eign *im]a8 ,! ,greek philosoph]s discuss$ at great l5g?1 accord+ to _! usual practice1 ?is celebrat$ "q4 ,! read] w1 probably1 comp>e !m to j s _m m5dicants reason+ ab\t ! philosoph]'s /one4 ,! sov]eign good6 ,:at an expression6 ,x might z well h be5 ask$3 ,:at is ! sov]eign blue1 or ! sov]eign rag\t1 or ! sov]eign walk1 or ! sov]eign read+8 ,e "o places 8 good :]e he c1 & has z mu* ( x z he c1 9 8 own way1 & 9 v scanty measure4 ,ca/or lov$ horses2 8 tw9 bro!r1 to try a fall-- ,quid dem8 quid non dem8 r5uis tu quod jubet alt]4444 ,ca/or gaudet equis1 ovo prognatus eodem ,pugnis1 etc4 ,! greate/ good is t :i* delights u s p[]fully z to r5d] u incapable ( feel+ any?+ else2 z ! greate/ evil is t :i* goes s f> z to deprive u ( all feel+4 ,^! are ! two extremes ( human nature1 & ^! mom5ts are %ort4 ,nei!r extreme delight nor extreme torture c la/ a :ole life4 ,! sov]eign good & ! sov]eign evil are no?+ m ?an *im]as4 ,we all "k ! beautiful fable ( ,crantor4 ,he introduces ^u ! /age at ! ,olympic games1 ,weal?1 ,pleasure1 ,heal?1 & ,virtue4 ,ea* claims ! apple4 ,weal? says1 ,i am ! sov]eign good1 = ) me all goods are pur*as$4 ,pleasure says1 ! apple belongs to me1 = x is only on my acc\nt t weal? is desir$4 ,heal? ass]ts1 t )\t h] !re c be no pleasure1 & weal? is useless4 ,f9ally1 ,virtue /ates t %e is sup]ior to ! o!r ?ree1 because1 al?\gh possess$ ( gold1 pleasures1 & heal?1 a man may make himself v contemptible by misconduct4 ,! apple 0 conf]r$ on ,virtue4 ,! fable is v +5i\s2 x w\ld be /ill m s if ,crantor _h said t ! sov]eign good consi/s 9 ! comb9ation ( ! f\r rivals1 ,virtue1 ,heal?1 ,weal?1 & ,pleasure2 b ?is fable nei!r does1 nor c1 resolve ! absurd "q ab\t ! sov]eign good4 ,virtue is n a good2 x is a duty4 ,x is ( a diff]5t nature2 ( a sup]ior ord]4 ,x has no?+ to d ) pa9ful or ) agreeable s5sations4 ,a virtu\s man1 labor+ "u /one & g\t1 )\t aid1 )\t fri5ds1 de/itute ( necess>ies1 p]secut$1 & *a9$ d[n to ! floor by a voluptu\s tyrant :o enjoys good heal?1 is v wret*$2 & 8 insol5t p]secutor1 c>ess+ a new mi/ress on 8 b$ ( purple1 is v happy4 ,say1 if y please1 t ! p]secut$ sage is pref]able to ! p]secut+ pr(ligate2 say t y admire ! "o & dete/ ! o!r2 b confess t ! sage 9 *a9s is sc>cely less ?an mad ) rage & pa92 if he does n himself admit t he is s1 he completely deceives y2 he is a *>latan4 ,,good4 ,( ,good & ,evil1 ,physical & ,moral4 ,we "h treat ( a "q ( ! greate/ difficulty & importance4 ,x relates to ! :ole ( human life4 ,x w\ld be ( mu* great] consequ5ce to f9d a rem$y = our evils2 b no rem$y is to be discov]$1 & we are r$uc$ to ! sad necessity ( trac+ out _! orig94 ,) respect to ?is orig91 m5 h disput$ ev] s9ce ! days ( ,zoroa/]1 & 9 all probability !y disput$ on ! same subject long be=e him4 ,x 0 to expla9 ! mixture ( good & evil t !y conceiv$ ! idea ( two pr9ciples--,oromazes1 ! au?or ( light1 & ,arimanes1 ! au?or ( d>kness2 ! box ( ,p&ora2 ! two vessels ( ,jupit]2 ! apple eat5 by ,eve2 & a v>iety ( o!r sy/ems4 ,! fir/ ( dialecticians1 al?\gh n ! fir/ ( philosoph]s1 ! illu/ri\s ,bayle1 has cle>ly %[n h[ difficult x is = ,*ri/ians :o admit "o only ,god1 p]fectly good & j1 to reply to ! objections ( ! ,mani*ans :o ackn[l$ge two ,gods--"o good1 & ! o!r evil4 ,! f\ndation ( ! sy/em ( ! ,mani*ans1 ) all its antiquity1 0 n on t acc\nt m reasonable4 ,lemmas1 susceptible ( ! mo/ cle> & rigid geometrical demon/rations1 %\ld alone h induc$ any m5 to ! adoption ( su* a !orem z ! foll[+3 ,!re are two necess>y be+s1 bo? supreme1 bo? inf9ite1 bo? equally p[]ful1 bo? 9 conflict ) ea* o!r1 yet1 f9ally1 agree+ to p\r out ^u ?is little planet--"o1 all ! treasures ( 8 b5efic5ce1 & ! o!r all ! /ores ( 8 malice4 ,x is 9 va9 t ! advocates ( ?is hypo!sis attempt to expla9 by x ! cause ( good & evil3 ev5 ! fable ( ,prome!us expla9s x bett]4 ,e hypo!sis :i* only s]ves to assign a reason = c]ta9 ?+s1 )\t be+1 9 addition to t recomm5dation1 e/abli%$ ^u indisputable pr9ciples1 ought inv>iably to be reject$4 ,! ,*ri/ian doctors--indep5d5tly ( revelation1 :i* makes ev]y?+ cr$ible--expla9 ! orig9 ( good-& evil no bett] ?an ! p>tn]-gods ( ,zoroa/]4 ,:5 !y say ,god is a t5d] fa!r1 ,god is a j k+2 :5 !y add ! idea ( inf9ity to t ( love1 t k9dness1 t ju/ice :i* !y obs]ve 9 ! be/ ( _! own species1 !y soon fall into ! mo/ palpable & dreadful contradictions4 ,h[ c\ld ?is sov]eign1 :o possess$ 9 inf9ite fulness ! pr9ciple or quality ( human ju/ice1 h[ c\ld ?is fa!r1 ent]ta9+ an inf9ite affection = 8 *ildr52 h[ c\ld ?is be+1 inf9itely p[]ful1 h =m$ creatures 9 ,8 own lik5ess1 to h !m imm$iately aft]w>ds tempt$ by a malignant demon1 to make !m yield to t temptation to inflict dea? on ^? :om ,he _h creat$ immortal1 & to ov]:elm _! po/]ity ) calamities & crimes6 ,we d n "h speak ( a contradiction /ill m revolt+ to our feeble reason4 ,h[ c\ld ,god1 :o ransom$ ! human race by ! dea? ( ,8 only ,son2 or r1 h[ c\ld ,god1 :o took ^u ,himself ! nature ( man1 & di$ on ! cross to save m5 f p]dition1 consign ov] to et]nal tortures ne>ly ! :ole ( t human race = :om ,he di$8 ,c]ta9ly1 :5 we consid] ?is sy/em m]ely z philosoph]s--)\t ! aid ( fai?--we mu/ consid] x z absolutely mon/r\s & abom9able4 ,x makes ( ,god ei!r pure & unmix$ malice1 & t malice inf9ite1 :i* creat$ ?9k+ be+s1 on purpose to devote !m to et]nal mis]y1 or absolute impot5ce & imbecility1 9 n be+ able to =esee or to prev5t ! torm5ts ( 8 (fspr+4 ,b ! et]nity ( mis]y is n ! subject ( ?is article1 :i* relates prop]ly only to ! good & evil ( ! pres5t life4 ,none ( ! doctors ( ! num]\s *ur*es ( ,*ri/ianity1 all ( :i* advocate ! doctr9e we are "h conte/+1 h be5 able to conv9ce a s+le sage4 ,we _c conceive h[ ,bayle1 :o manag$ ! weapons ( dialectics ) su* admirable /r5g? & dext]ity1 c\ld cont5t himself ) introduc+ 9 a dispute a ,mani*an1 a ,calv9i/1 a ,mol9i/1 & a ,soc9ian4 ,:y did he n introduce1 z speak+1 a reasonable & s5sible man8 ,:y did n ,bayle speak 9 8 own p]son8 ,he w\ld h said f> bett] :at we %all n[ v5ture to say ourselves4 ,a fa!r :o kills 8 *ildr5 is a mon/]2 a k+ :o conducts 8 subjects into a sn>e1 9 ord] to obta9 a pretext = deliv]+ !m up to puni%m5t & torture1 is an execrable tyrant4 ,if y conceive ,god to possess ! same k9dness :i* y require 9 a fa!r1 ! same ju/ice t y require 9 a k+1 no possible res\rce exi/s by :i*1 if we may use ! expression1 ,god c be exculpat$2 & by all[+ ,him to possess inf9ite wisdom & inf9ite goodness y1 9 fact1 r5d] ,him inf9itely odi\s2 y excite a wi% t ,he _h no exi/5ce2 y furni% arms to ! a!i/1 :o w ev] be ju/ifi$ 9 triumphantly rem>k+ to y3 ,bett] by f> is x to d5y a ,god altoge!r1 ?an impute to ,him su* conduct z y w\ld puni%1 to ! extremity ( ! law1 9 m54 ,we beg9 !n ) obs]v+1 t x is unbecom+ 9 u to ascribe to ,god human attributes4 ,x is n = u to make ,god aft] our own lik5ess4 ,human ju/ice1 human k9dness1 & human wisdom c nev] be appli$ or made suitable to ,him4 ,we may ext5d ^! attributes 9 our imag9ation z f> z we are able1 to inf9ity2 !y w nev] be o!r ?an human qualities ) b\nd>ies p]petually or indef9itely remov$2 x w\ld be equally rational to attribute to ,him inf9ite solidity1 inf9ite motion1 inf9ite r\ndness1 or inf9ite divisibility4 ,^! attributes c nev] be ,84 ,philosophy in=ms u t ?is univ]se mu/ h be5 arrang$ by a ,be+ incompreh5sible1 et]nal1 & exi/+ by ,8 own nature2 b1 once aga91 we mu/ obs]ve t philosophy gives u no in=mation on ! subject ( ! attributes ( t nature4 ,we "k :at ,he is n1 & n :at ,he is4 ,) respect to ,god1 !re is nei!r good nor evil1 physically or morally4 ,:at is physical or natural evil8 ,( all evils1 ! greate/1 und\bt$ly1 is dea?4 ,let u = a mom5t consid] :e!r man c\ld h be5 immortal4 ,9 ord] t a body l ours %\ld h be5 indissoluble1 imp]i%able1 x w\ld h be5 necess>y t x %\ld n be compos$ ( p>ts2 t x--%\ld n be born2 t x %\ld h nei!r n\ri%m5t nor gr[?2 t x %\ld exp]i5ce no *ange4 ,let any "o exam9e ea* ( ^! po9ts2 & let e read] ext5d _! numb] accord+ to 8 own sugge/ions1 & x w be se5 t ! proposition ( an immortal man is a contradiction4 ,if our organiz$ body 7 immortal1 t ( m]e animals w\ld be s likewise2 b x is evid5t t1 9 ! c\rse ( a v %ort "t1 ! :ole globe w\ld1 9 ?is case1 be incompet5t to supply n\ri%m5t to ^? animals2 ^? immortal be+s :i* exi/ only 9 consequ5ce ( r5ovation by food1 w\ld !n p]i% = want ( ! means ( su* r5ovation4 ,all ?is involves contradiction4 ,we might make v>i\s o!r obs]vations on ! subject1 b e read] :o des]ves ! "n ( a philosoph] w p]ceive t dea? 0 necess>y to ev]y?+ t is born2 t dea? c nei!r be an error on ! "p ( ,god1 nor an evil1 an inju/ice1 nor a *a/isem5t to man4 ,man1 born to die1 c no m be exempt f pa9 ?an f dea?4 ,to prev5t an organiz$ sub/ance end[$ ) feel+ f ev] exp]i5c+ pa91 x w\ld be necess>y t all ! laws ( nature %\ld be *ang$2 t matt] %\ld no long] be divisible2 t x %\ld nei!r h weight1 action1 nor =ce2 t a rock might fall on an animal )\t cru%+ x2 & t wat] %\ld h no p[] to suffocate1 or fire to burn x4 ,man1 impassive1 !n1 is z mu* a contradiction z man immortal4 ,?is feel+ ( pa9 0 indisp5sable to /imulate u to self-pres]vation1 & to imp>t to u su* pleasures z are consi/5t ) ^? g5]al laws by :i* ! :ole sy/em ( nature is b\nd & regulat$4 ,if we nev] exp]i5c$ pa91 we %\ld be e mom5t injur+ ourselves )\t p]ceiv+ x4 ,)\t ! excitem5t ( uneas9ess1 )\t "s s5sation ( pa91 we %\ld p]=m no function ( life2 %\ld nev] communicate x1 & %\ld be de/itute ( all ! pleasures ( x4 ,hung] is ! comm5cem5t ( pa9 :i* compels u to take our requir$ n\ri%m5t4 ,ennui is a pa9 :i* /imulates to ex]cise & occupation4 ,love itself is a necessity :i* becomes pa9ful until x is met ) correspond+ atta*m5t4 ,9 a ^w1 e desire is a want1 a necessity1 a beg9n+ ( pa94 ,pa91 !re=e1 is ! ma9spr+ ( all ! actions ( animat$ be+s4 ,e animal possess$ ( feel+ mu/ be liable to pa91 if matt] is divisible2 & pa9 0 z necess>y z dea?4 ,x is n1 !re=e1 an error ( ,provid5ce1 nor a result ( malignity1 nor a creature ( imag9ation4 ,_h we se5 only brutes suff]1 we %\ld1 = t1 nev] h accus$ nature ( h>%ness or cruelty2 _h we1 :ile ourselves 7 impassive1 witness$ ! l+]+ & tortur+ dea? ( a dove1 :5 a kite seiz$ ^u x ) 8 murd]\s talons1 & leisurely dev\r+ its ble$+ limbs1 do+ 9 t no m ?an we d ourselves1 we %\ld n express ! slighte/ murmur ( dissatisfaction4 ,b :at claim h we = an exemption ( our own bodies f su* dismemb]m5t & torture beyond :at might be urg$ 9 behalf ( brutes8 ,is x t we possess an intellect sup]ior to !irs8 ,b :at has intellect to d ) ! divisibility ( matt]8 ,c a few ideas m or less 9 a bra9 prev5t fire f burn+1 or a rock f cru%+ u8 ,moral evil1 ^u :i* s _m volumes h be5 writt5 is1 9 fact1 no?+ b natural evil4 ,?is moral evil is a s5sation ( pa9 occasion$ by "o organiz$ be+ to ano!r4 ,rap9e1 outrage1 etc41 are evil only because !y produce evil4 ,b z we c]ta9ly are unable to d any evil1 or occasion any pa9 to ,god1 x is evid5t by ! light ( reason--= fai? is altoge!r a diff]5t pr9ciple--t 9 relation to ! ,supreme ,be+ & z affect+ ,him1 moral evil c h no exi/5ce4 ,z ! greate/ ( natural evils is dea?1 ! greate/ ( moral evils is1 unque/ionably1 w>4 ,all crimes foll[ 9 its tra92 false & calumni\s decl>ations1 p]fidi\s violation ( ! treaties1 pillage1 deva/ation1 pa91 & dea? "u e hide\s & appall+ =m4 ,all ?is is physical evil 9 relation to man1 b c no m be consid]$ moral evil 9 relation to ,god ?an ! rage ( dogs worry+ & de/roy+ "o ano!r4 ,x is a m]e common-place idea1 & z false z x is feeble1 t m5 are ! only species t slaught] & de/roy "o ano!r4 ,wolves1 dogs1 cats1 cocks1 quails1 all w> ) _! respective species3 h\se spid]s dev\r "o ano!r2 ! male univ]sally fights = ! female4 ,?is w>f>e is ! result ( ! laws ( nature1 ( pr9ciples 9 _! v blood & ess5ce2 all is connect$2 all is necess>y4 ,nature has grant$ man ab\t two & tw5ty ye>s ( life1 "o ) ano!r2 t is1 ( a ?\s& *ildr5 born 9 ! same mon?1 "s ( :om h di$ 9 _! infancy1 & ! re/ liv$ respectively to ! age ( ?irty1 =ty1 fifty1 & ev5 eighty ye>s1 or p]haps beyond1 ! av]age calculation w all[ to ea* ! above-m5tion$ numb] ( tw5ty-two ye>s4 ,h[ c x affect ! ,deity1 :e!r a man die 9 battle or ( a fev]8 ,w> de/roys few] human be+s ?an smallpox4 ,! sc\rge ( w> is transi5t1 t ( smallpox reigns ) p>am\nt & p]man5t fatality ?r\gh\t ! e>?1 foll[$ by a num]\s tra9 ( o!rs2 & tak+ into consid]ation ! comb9$1 & ne>ly regul> op]ation ( ! v>i\s causes :i* sweep mank9d f ! /age ( life1 ! all[ance ( two & tw5ty ye>s = e individual w be f\nd 9 g5]al to be tol]ably correct4 ,man1 y say1 (f5ds ,god by kill+ 8 neighbor2 if ?is be ! case1 ! directors ( nations mu/ inde$ be trem5d\s crim9als2 =1 :ile ev5 invok+ ,god to _! assi/ance1 !y urge on to slaught] imm5se multitudes ( _! fell[-be+s1 = contemptible int]e/s :i* x w\ld %[ inf9itely m policy1 z well z humanity1 to ab&on4 ,b h[--to reason m]ely z philosoph]s--h[ d !y (f5d ,god8 ,j z mu* z tig]s & crocodiles (f5d him4 ,x is1 surely1 n ,god :om !y h>ass & torm5t1 b _! neighbor4 ,x is only aga9/ man t man c be guilty4 ,a highway robb] c commit no robb]y on ,god4 ,:at c x signify to ! et]nal ,deity1 :e!r a few pieces ( yell[ metal are 9 ! h&s ( ,j]ome1 or ( ,bonav5ture8 ,we h necess>y desires1 necess>y passions1 & necess>y laws = ! re/ra9t ( bo?2 & :ile on ?is our ant-hill1 dur+ ! little day ( our exi/5ce1 we are engag$ 9 eag] & de/ructive conte/ ab\t a /raw1 ! univ]se moves1 on 9 its maje/ic c\rse1 direct$ by et]nal & unalt]able laws1 :i* compreh5d 9 _! op]ation ! atom t we call ! e>?4 ,,gospel4 ,x is a matt] ( high importance to asc]ta9 :i* are ! fir/ gospels4 ,x is a decid$ tru?1 :atev] ,abbadie may ass]t to ! contr>y1 t none ( ! fir/ fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 d[n to ,ir5u inclusively1 h quot$ any passage f ! f\r gospels ) :i* we are acqua9t$4 ,& to ?is x may be add$1 t ! ,alogi1 ! ,!odosians1 con/antly reject$ ! gospel ( ,/4 ,john1 & always spoke ( x ) contempt2 z we are in=m$ by ,/4 ,epiphanius 9 8 ?irty-f\r? homily4 ,our enemies fur!r obs]ve t ! mo/ anci5t fa!rs d n m]ely =be> to quote any?+ f our gospels1 b relate _m passages or ev5ts :i* are to be f\nd only 9 ! apocryphal gospels reject$ by ! canon4 ,/4 ,clem5t1 = example1 relates t our ,"l1 hav+ be5 que/ion$ conc]n+ ! "t :5 ,8 k+dom w\ld come1 answ]$1 ,t w be :5 :at is )\t %all ,resemble t )91 & :5 !re %all be nei!r male nor female4 ,b we mu/ admit t ?is passage does n occur 9 ei!r ( our gospels4 ,!re are innum]able o!r in/ances to prove ?is tru?2 :i* may be se5 9 ! ,critical ,exam9ation ( ,m4 ,frret1 p]petual secret>y ( ! ,academy ( ,belles ,lettres at ,p>is4 ,! le>n$ ,fabricius took ! pa9s to collect ! anci5t gospels :i* "t has sp>$2 t ( ,james appe>s to be ! fir/2 & x is c]ta9 t x /ill possesses consid]able au?ority ) "s ( ! ,ori5tal *ur*es4 ,x is call$ ! fir/ gospel4 ,!re rema9 ! passion & ! resurrection1 pret5d$ to h be5 writt5 by ,nicodemus4 ,?is gospel ( ,nicodemus is quot$ by ,/4 ,ju/9 & ,t]tullian4 ,x is !re we f9d ! names ( our ,"l's accus]s--,annas1 ,caiaphas1 ,s\mas1 ,da?an1 ,gamaliel1 ,judas1 ,levi1 & ,nap?ali2 ! att5tion & p>ticul>ity ) :i* ^! names are giv5 conf] ^u ! "w an appe>ance ( tru? & s9c]ity4 ,our adv]s>ies h inf]r$ t z s _m false gospels 7 =g$1 :i* at fir/ 7 recogniz$ z true1 ^? :i* con/itute at ! pres5t day ! f\ndation ( our own fai? may h be5 =g$ also4 ,!y dwell mu* on ! circum/ance ( ! fir/ h]etics suff]+ ev5 dea? itself 9 def5ce ( ^! apocryphal gospels4 ,!re h evid5tly be51 !y say1 =g]s1 s$uc]s1 & m5 :o h be5 s$uc$ by !m into error1 & di$ 9 def5ce ( t error2 x is1 at lea/1 !re=e1 no pro( ( ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity t x has _h its m>tyrs :o h di$ = x4 ,!y add fur!r1 t ! m>tyrs 7 nev] ask$ ! "q1 :e!r !y believ$ ! gospel ( ,john or ! gospel ( ,james4 ,! ,pagans c\ld n put a s]ies ( int]rogatories ab\t books ) :i* !y 7 n at all acqua9t$2 ! magi/rates puni%$ "s ,*ri/ians v unju/ly1 z di/urb]s ( ! public peace1 b !y nev] put p>ticul> que/ions to !m 9 relation to our f\r gospels4 ,^! books 7 n kn[n to ! ,romans be=e ! "t ( ,diocletian1 & ev5 t[>ds ! close ( ,diocletian's reign1 !y _h sc>cely obta9$ any publicity4 ,x 0 deem$ 9 a ,*ri/ian a crime bo? abom9able & unp>donable to %[ a gospel to any ,g5tile4 ,?is is s true1 t y _c f9d ! ^w gospel 9 any pr(ane au?or :atev]4 ,! rigid ,soc9ians1 influ5c$ by ! above-m5tion$ or o!r difficulties1 d n consid] our f\r div9e gospels 9 any o!r light ?an z works ( cl&e/9e introduction1 fabricat$ ab\t a c5tury aft] ! "t ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & c>efully conceal$ f ! ,g5tiles = ano!r c5tury beyond t2 works1 z !y express x1 ( a co>se & vulg> "*1 writt5 by co>se & vulg> m51 :o1 = a long "t conf9$ _! disc\rses & appeals to ! m]e populace ( _! p>ty4 ,we w n "h repeat ! blasphemies utt]$ by !m4 ,?is sect1 al?\gh consid]ably diffus$ & num]\s1 is at pres5t z mu* conceal$ z 7 ! fir/ gospels4 ,! difficulty ( conv]t+ !m is s mu* ! great]1 9 consequ5ce ( _! ob/9ately refus+ to li/5 to any?+ b m]e reason4 ,! o!r ,*ri/ians cont5d aga9/ !m only ) ! weapons ( ! ,holy ,scripture3 x is consequ5tly impossible t1 be+ ?us always 9 ho/ility ) respect to pr9ciples1 !y %\ld ev] unite 9 _! conclusions4 ,) respect to ourselves1 let u ev] rema9 inviolably atta*$ to our f\r gospels1 9 union ) ! infallible *ur*4 ,let u reject ! five gospels :i* x has reject$2 let u n inquire :y our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ p]mitt$ five false gospels1 five false hi/ories ( 8 life to be writt52 & let u submit to our spiritual pa/ors & directors1 :o alone on e>? are enlight5$ by ! ,holy ,_s4 ,into :at a gross error did ,abbadie fall :5 he consid]$ z au!ntic ! lett]s s ridicul\sly =g$1 f ,pilate to ,tib]ius1 & ! pret5d$ proposal ( ,tib]ius to place ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 ! numb] ( ! gods4 ,if ,abbadie is a bad critic & a contemptible reason]1 is ! ,*ur* on t acc\nt less enlight5$8 are we ! less b\nd to believe x8 ,%all we at all ! less submit to x8 ,,gov]nm5t4 ,,section ,i4 ,! pleasure ( gov]n+ mu/ c]ta9ly be exquisite1 if we may judge f ! va/ numb]s :o are eag] to be conc]n$ 9 x4 ,we h _m m books on gov]nm5t ?an !re are mon>*s 9 ! _w4 ,heav5 pres]ve me f mak+ any attempt "h to give in/ruction to k+s & _! noble m9i/]s--_! valets1 confessors1 or f9anci]s4 ,i und]/& no?+ ab\t ! matt]2 ,i h ! pr(\nde/ respect & rev]5ce = !m all4 ,x belongs only to ,mr4 ,wilkes1 ) 8 ,engli% balance1 to weigh ! m]its ( ^? :o are at ! head ( ! human race4 ,x w\ld1 besides1 be exce$+ly /range if1 ) ?ree or f\r ?\s& volumes on ! subject ( gov]nm5t1 ) ,ma*iavelli1 & ,bossuet's ,policy ( ! ,holy ,scripture1 ) ! ,g5]al ,f9anci]1 ! ,guide to ,f9ances1 ! ,means ( ,enri*+ a ,/ate1 etc41 !re c\ld possibly be a s+le p]son liv+ :o 0 n p]fectly acqua9t$ ) ! duties ( k+s & ! sci5ce ( gov]nm5t4 ,pr(essor ,puff5dorf1 or1 z p]haps we %\ld r say1 ,b>on ,puff5dorf1 says t ,k+ ,david1 hav+ sworn nev] to attempt ! life ( ,%imei1 8 privy c\nsellor1 did n violate 8 oa? :51 accord+ to ! ,jewi% hi/ory1 he in/ruct$ 8 son ,solomon to get him assass9at$1 because ,david _h only engag$ t he himself w\ld n kill ,%imei4 ,! b>on1 :o rebukes s %>ply ! m5tal res]vations ( ! ,jesuits1 all[s ,david1 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 to ent]ta9 "o :i* w\ld n be p>ticul>ly palatable to privy c\nsellors4 ,let u consid] ! words ( ,bossuet 9 8 ,policy ( ! ,holy ,scripture1 address$ to ,monseigneur ! ,dauph94 ,?us we see royalty e/abli%$ accord+ to ! ord] ( succession 9 ! h\se ( ,david & ,solomon1 & ! ?rone ( ,david is secur$ =ev]--al?\gh1 by ! way1 t same little jo9t-/ool call$ a '?rone1' in/ead ( be+ secur$ =ev]1 la/$1 9 fact1 only a v %ort "t4 ,by virtue ( ?is law1 ! elde/ son 0 to succe$1 to ! exclusion ( 8 bro!rs1 & on ?is acc\nt ,adonijah1 :o 0 ! elde/1 said to ,ba?%eba1 ! "m ( ,solomon1 ,?\ kn[e/ t ! k+dom 0 m9e1 & all ,israel _h recogniz$ my "r2 b ! ,"l ha? transf]r$ ! k+dom to my bro!r ,solomon4 ,! "r ( ,adonijah 0 inconte/able4 ,bossuet expressly admits ?is at ! close ( ?is article4 ,! ,"l has transf]r$ is only a usual phrase1 :i* means1 ,i h lo/ my prop]ty or "r1 ,i h be5 depriv$ ( my "r4 ,adonijah 0 ! issue ( a lawful wife2 ! bir? ( 8 y\ng] bro!r 0 ! fruit ( a d\ble crime4 ,unless1 !n1 says ,bossuet1 some?+ extraord9>y occurr$1 ! elde/ 0 to succe$4 ,b ! some?+ extraord9>y1 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 :i* prev5t$ x 01 t ,solomon1 ! issue ( a m>riage aris+ out ( a d\ble adult]y & a murd]1 procur$ ! assass9ation1 at ! foot ( ! alt>1 ( 8 eld] bro!r & 8 lawful k+1 ^: rights 7 support$ by ! high prie/ ,abia?> & ! *ief comm&] ,joab4 ,aft] ?is we mu/ ackn[l$ge t x is m difficult ?an "s seem to imag9e to take lessons on ! rights ( p]sons1 & on ! true sy/em ( gov]nm5t f ! ,holy ,scriptures1 :i* 7 fir/ giv5 to ! ,jews1 & aft]w>ds to ourselves1 = purposes ( a f> high] nature4 ,! pres]vation ( ! p is ! supreme law4 ,su* is ! fundam5tal maxim ( nations2 b 9 all civil w>s ! safety ( ! p is made to consi/ 9 slaught]+ a numb] ( ! citiz5s4 ,9 all =eign w>s1 ! safety ( a p consi/s 9 kill+ _! neighbors1 & tak+ possession ( _! prop]ty6 ,x is difficult to p]ceive 9 ?is a p>ticul>ly salut>y "r ( nations1 & a gov]nm5t em95tly favorable to lib]ty ( ?\ght & social happ9ess4 ,!re are geometrical figures exce$+ly regul> & complete 9 _! k9d2 ari?metic is p]fect2 _m trades or manufactures are c>ri$ on 9 a mann] con/antly uni=m & excell5t2 b ) respect to ! gov]nm5t ( m51 is x possible = any "o to be good1 :5 all are f\nd$ on passions 9 conflict ) ea* o!r8 ,no conv5t ( monks ev] exi/$ )\t discord2 x is impossible1 !re=e1 to exclude x f k+doms4 ,e gov]nm5t resembles n m]ely a mona/ic in/itution1 b a private h\sehold4 ,!re are none exi/+ )\t qu>rels2 & qu>rels betwe5 "o p & ano!r1 betwe5 "o pr9ce & ano!r1 h ev] be51 sangu9>y2 ^? betwe5 subjects & _! sov]eigns h be5 sometimes no less de/ructive4 ,h[ is an individual to act8 ,mu/ he risk jo9+ 9 ! conflict1 or )draw f ! sc5e ( action8 ,,section ,,ii4 ,m ?an "o p are desir\s ( new con/itutions4 ,! ,engli% w\ld h no objection to a *ange ( m9i/]s once 9 e eight h\rs1 b !y h no wi% to *ange ! =m ( _! gov]nm5t4 ,! mod]n ,romans are pr\d ( _! *ur* ( ,/4 ,pet] & _! anci5t ,greek /atues2 b ! p w\ld be glad to be bett] f$1 al?\gh !y 7 n q s ri* 9 b5$ictions2 ! fa!rs ( families w\ld be cont5t t ! ,*ur* %\ld h less gold1 if ! gran>ies _h m corn2 !y regret ! "t :5 ! apo/les j\rney$ on foot1 & :5 ! citiz5s ( ,rome travell$ f "o palace to ano!r 9 litt]s4 ,we are incessantly rem9d$ ( ! admirable republics ( ,greece4 ,!re is no "q t ! ,greeks w\ld pref] ! gov]nm5t ( a ,p]icles & a ,demo/h5es to t ( a pa%a2 b 9 _! mo/ prosp]\s & palmy times !y 7 always compla9+2 discord & hatr$ prevail$ betwe5 all ! cities )\t1 & 9 e sep>ate city )94 ,!y gave laws to ! old ,romans1 :o be=e t "t _h none2 b _! own 7 s bad = !mselves t !y 7 cont9ually *ang+ !m4 ,:at c\ld be said 9 favor ( a gov]nm5t "u :i* ! j ,ari/ides 0 bani%$1 ,phocion put to dea?1 ,socrates condemn$ to dr9k hemlock aft] hav+ be5 expos$ to bant] & d]ision on ! /age by ,ari/ophanes2 & "u :i* ! ,amphyctions1 ) contemptible imbecility1 actually deliv]$ up ,greece into ! p[] ( ,philip1 because ! ,phocians _h pl\gh$ up a field :i* 0 "p ( ! t]ritory ( ,apollo8 ,b ! gov]nm5t ( ! neighbor+ mon>*ies 0 worse4 ,puff5dorf promises u a discussion on ! be/ =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,he tells u1 t _m pron\nce 9 favor ( mon>*y1 & o!rs1 on ! contr>y1 inveigh furi\sly aga9/ k+s2 & t x does n fall )9 ! limits ( 8 subject to exam9e 9 detail ! reasons ( ! latt]4 ,if any mis*iev\s & malici\s read] expects to be told "h m ?an he is told by ,puff5dorf1 he w be mu* deceiv$4 ,a ,swiss1 a ,holl&]1 a ,v5etian nobleman1 an ,engli% pe]1 a c>d9al1 & a c\nt ( ! empire1 7 once disput+1 on a j\rney1 ab\t ! nature ( _! respective gov]nm5ts1 & :i* ( !m des]v$ ! pref]5ce3 no "o knew mu* ab\t ! matt]2 ea* rema9$ 9 8 own op9ion )\t hav+ any v di/9ct idea :at t op9ion 02 & !y return$ )\t hav+ come to any g5]al conclusion2 e "o prais+ 8 own c\ntry f vanity1 & compla9+ ( x f feel+4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! de/9y ( mank9d8 ,sc>cely any great nation is gov]n$ by itself4 ,beg9 f ! ea/1 & take ! circuit ( ! _w4 ,japan clos$ its ports aga9/ =eign]s f ! well-f\nd$ appreh5sion ( a dreadful revolution4 ,*9a actually exp]i5c$ su* a revolution2 %e obeys ,t>t>s ( a mix$ race1 half ,mant*\ & half ,hun4 ,india obeys ,mogul ,t>t>s4 ,! ,nile1 ! ,orontes1 ,greece1 & ,epirus are /ill "u ! yoke ( ! ,turks4 ,x is n an ,engli% race t reigns 9 ,engl&2 x is a ,g]man family :i* succe$$ to a ,dut* pr9ce1 z ! latt] succe$$ a ,scot* family :i* _h succe$$ an ,angev9 family1 t _h replac$ a ,norman family1 :i* _h expell$ a family ( usurp+ ,saxons4 ,spa9 obeys a ,fr5* family2 :i* succe$$ to an ,au/rasian race1 t ,au/rasian race _h succe$$ families t boa/$ ( ,visigo? extraction2 ^! ,visigo?s _h be5 long driv5 out by ! ,arabs1 aft] hav+ succe$$ to ! ,romans1 :o _h expell$ ! ,c>?ag9ians4 ,gaul obeys ,franks1 aft] hav+ obey$ ,roman prefects4 ,! same banks ( ! ,danube h belong$ to ,g]mans1 ,romans1 ,arabs1 ,slavonians1 ,bulg>ians1 & ,huns1 to tw5ty diff]5t families1 & almo/ all =eign]s4 ,& :at great] wond] has ,rome _h to exhibit ?an s _m emp]ors :o 7 born 9 ! b>b>\s prov9ces1 & s _m popes born 9 prov9ces no less b>b>\s8 ,let him gov]n :o c4 ,& :5 any "o has succe$$ 9 8 attempts to become ma/]1 he gov]ns z he c4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,9 #agfi1 a travell] deliv]$ ! foll[+ n>rative3 ,i saw1 9 ! c\rse ( my j\rney1 a l>ge & popul\s c\ntry1 9 :i* all (fices & places 7 pur*asable2 ,i d n mean cl&e/9ely1 & 9 evasion ( ! law1 b publicly1 & 9 con=mity to x4 ,! "r to judge1 9 ! la/ resort1 ( ! honor1 prop]ty1 & life ( ! citiz51 0 put to auction 9 ! same mann] z ! "r & prop]ty 9 a few acres ( l&4 ,"s v high commissions 9 ! army are conf]r$ only on ! highe/ bidd]4 ,! pr9cipal my/]y ( _! religion is celebrat$ = ! petty sum ( ?ree se/]ces1 & if ! celebrator does n obta9 ?is fee he rema9s idle l a port] )\t employm5t4 ,=tunes 9 ?is c\ntry are n made by agriculture1 b are d]iv$ f a c]ta9 game ( *ance1 9 great practice !re1 9 :i* ! p>ties sign _! names1 & transf] !m f h& to h&4 ,if !y lose1 !y )draw into ! mud & mire ( _! orig9al extraction2 if !y w91 !y %>e 9 ! adm9i/ration ( public affairs2 !y m>ry _! daught]s to m&>9s1 & _! sons become a species ( m&>9s also4 ,a consid]able numb] ( ! citiz5s h _! :ole means ( subsi/5ce assign$ ^u a h\se1 :i* possesses 9 fact no?+1 & a hundr$ p]sons h b\ght = a hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns ea* ! "r ( receiv+ & pay+ ! money due to ^! citiz5s ^u _! assignm5ts on ?is imag9>y hotel2 rights :i* !y nev] ex]cise1 z !y 9 reality "k no?+ at all ( :at is ?us suppos$ to pass ?r\gh _! h&s4 ,sometimes a proposal is made & cri$ ab\t ! /reets1 t all :o h a little money 9 _! *e/ %\ld ex*ange x = a slip ( exquisitely manufactur$ pap]1 :i* w free y f all pecuni>y c>e1 & enable y to pass ?r\gh life ) ease & com=t4 ,on ! morr[ an ord] is publi%$1 compell+ y to *ange ?is pap] = ano!r1 mu* bett]4 ,on ! foll[+ day y are deaf5$ ) ! cry ( a new pap]1 cancell+ ! two =m] ones4 ,y are ru9$6 ,b long heads console y ) ! assurance1 t )9 a =tnight ! newsm5 w cry up "s proposal m engag+4 ,y travel into "o prov9ce ( ?is empire1 & pur*ase articles ( food1 dr9k1 clo?+1 & lodg+4 ,if y g into ano!r prov9ce1 y are oblig$ to pay duties ^u all ^? commodities1 z if y _h j arriv$ f ,africa4 ,y inquire ! reason ( ?is1 b obta9 no answ]2 or if1 f extraord9>y polit5ess1 any "o condesc5ds to notice y\r que/ions1 he replies t y come f a prov9ce reput$ =eign1 & t1 consequ5tly1 y are oblig$ to pay = ! conv5i5ce ( comm]ce4 ,9 va9 y puzzle y\rself to compreh5d h[ ! prov9ce ( a k+dom c be deem$ =eign to t k+dom4 ,on "o p>ticul> occasion1 :ile *ang+ horses1 f9d+ myself some:at fatigu$1 ,i reque/$ ! po/ma/] to favor me ) a glass ( w9e4 ',i _c let y h x1' says he2 '! sup]9t5d5ts ( ?ir/1 :o are v consid]able 9 numb]1 & all ( !m rem>kably sob]1 w\ld accuse me ( dr9k+ to excess1 :i* w\ld absolutely be my ru94' ',b dr9k+ a s+le glass ( w9e1' ,i repli$1 'to repair a man's /r5g?1 is n dr9k+ to excess2 & :at diff]5ce c x make :e!r t s+le glass ( w9e is tak5 by y or me8' ',sir1' repli$ ! man1 'our laws relat+ to ?ir/ are mu* m excell5t ?an y appe> to ?9k !m4 ,aft] our v9tage is f9i%$1 physicians are appo9t$ by ! regul> au?orities to visit our cell>s4 ,!y set aside a c]ta9 quantity ( w9e1 su* z !y judge we may dr9k consi/5tly ) heal?4 ,at ! end ( ! ye> !y return2 & if !y conceive t we h exce$$ _! re/riction by a s+le bottle2 !y puni% u ) v sev]e f9es2 & if we make ! slighte/ resi/ance1 we are s5t to ,t\lon to dr9k salt-wat]4 ,7 ,i to give y ! w9e y ask1 ,i %\ld mo/ c]ta9ly be *>g$ ) excessive dr9k+4 ,y mu/ see to :at dang] ,i %\ld be expos$ f ! sup]visors ( our heal?4' ,i c\ld n refra9 f a/oni%m5t at ! exi/5ce ( su* a sy/em2 b my a/oni%m5t 0 no less on meet+ ) a disconsolate & mortifi$ plead]1 :o in=m$ me t he _h j !n lo/1 a little beyond ! ne>e/ rivulet1 a cause precisely simil> to "o he _h ga9$ on ?is side ( x4 ,i und]/ood f him t1 9 8 c\ntry1 !re are z _m diff]5t codes ( laws z !re are cities4 ,8 conv]sation rais$ my curiosity4 ',our nation1' said he1 'is s completely wise & enlight5$1 t no?+ is regulat$ 9 x4 ,laws1 cu/oms1 ! rights ( corporate bodies1 rank1 prec$5ce1 ev]y?+ is arbitr>y2 all is left to ! prud5ce ( ! nation4' ,i happ5$ to be /ill 9 ?is same c\ntry :5 x became involv$ 9 a w> ) "s ( its neighbors4 ,?is w> 0 nicknam$ ',! ,ridicule1' because !re 0 mu* to be lo/ & no?+ to be ga9$ by x4 ,i w5t ^u my travels else:]e1 & did n return till ! conclusion ( peace1 :5 ! nation seem$ to be 9 ! mo/ dreadful /ate ( mis]y2 x _h lo/ its money1 its soldi]s1 its fleets1 & its comm]ce4 ,i said to myself1 its la/ h\r is come2 ev]y?+1 alas6 mu/ pass away4 ,"h is a nation absolutely annihilat$4 ,:at a dreadful pity6 = a great "p ( ! p 7 amiable1 indu/ri\s1 & gay1 aft] hav+ be5 =m]ly co>se1 sup]/iti\s1 & b>b>\s4 ,i 0 p]fectly a/oni%$1 at ! end ( only two ye>s1 to f9d its capital & pr9cipal cities m opul5t ?an ev]4 ,luxury _h increas$1 & an air ( enjoym5t prevail$ ev]y:]e4 ,i c\ld n compreh5d ?is prodigy2 & x 0 only aft] ,i _h exam9$ into ! gov]nm5t ( ! neighbor+ nations t ,i c\ld discov] ! cause ( :at appe>$ s unacc\ntable4 ,i f\nd t ! gov]nm5t ( all ! re/ 0 j z bad z t ( ?is nation1 & t ?is nation 0 sup]ior to all ! re/ 9 indu/ry4 ,a prov9cial ( ! c\ntry ,i am speak+ ( 0 once bitt]ly compla9+ to me ( all ! grievances "u :i* he labor$4 ,he 0 well acqua9t$ ) hi/ory4 ,i ask$ him if he ?\ght he %\ld h be5 happi] _h he liv$ a hundr$ ye>s be=e1 :5 8 c\ntry 0 9 a comp>ative /ate ( b>b>ism1 & a citiz5 0 liable to be hang$ = hav+ eat5 fle% 9 ,l5t8 ,he %ook 8 head 9 ! negative4 ,w\ld y pref] ! times ( ! civil w>s1 :i* began at ! dea? ( ,francis ,,ii42 or ! times ( ! defeats ( ,/4 ,qu5t9 & ,pavia2 or ! long disord]s att5d+ ! w>s aga9/ ! ,engli%2 or ! feudal an>*y2 or ! horrors ( ! second race ( k+s1 or ! b>b>ity ( ! fir/8 ,at e successive "q1 he appe>$ to %udd] m viol5tly4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ! ,romans seem$ to him ! mo/ intol]able ( all4 ',no?+ c be worse1' he said1 '?an to be "u =eign ma/]s4' ,at la/ we came to ! ,druids4 ',ah6' he exclaim$1 ',i 0 q mi/ak53 x is /ill worse to be gov]n$ by sangu9>y prie/s4' ,he admitt$1 at la/1 al?\gh ) sore reluctance1 t ! "t he liv$ 9 01 all ?+s consid]$1 ! lea/ intol]able & hateful4 ,,section ,,iv4 ,an eagle gov]n$ ! birds ( ! :ole c\ntry ( ,orni?ia4 ,he _h no o!r "r1 x mu/ be all[$1 ?an :at he d]iv$ f 8 beak & claws2 h[ev]1 aft] provid+ lib]ally = 8 own repa/s & pleasures1 he gov]n$ z well z any o!r bird ( prey4 ,9 8 old age he 0 invad$ by a flock ( hungry vultures1 :o ru%$ f ! dep?s ( ! ,nor? to scatt] fe> & desolation ?r\gh 8 prov9ces4 ,!re appe>$1 j ab\t ?is "t1 a c]ta9 owl1 :o 0 born 9 "o ( ! mo/ scrubby ?ickets ( ! empire1 & :o _h long be5 kn[n "u ! "n ( luci-fugax1 or light-hat]4 ,he possess$ mu* cunn+1 & associat$ only ) bats2 &1 :ile ! vultures 7 engag$ 9 conflict ) ! eagle1 our politic owl & 8 p>ty ent]$ ) great adroitness1 9 ! "* ( pacificators1 on t dep>tm5t ( ! air :i* 0 disput$ by ! combatants4 ,! eagle & vultures1 aft] a w> ( long duration1 at la/ actually ref]r$ ! cause ( cont5tion to ! owl1 :o1 ) 8 solemn & impos+ physiognomy1 0 well =m$ to deceive !m bo?4 ,he p]suad$ ! eagles & vultures to suff] _! claws to be a little p>$1 & j ! po9ts ( _! beaks to be cut (f1 9 ord] to br+ ab\t p]fect peace & reconciliation4 ,be=e ?is "t1 ! owl _h always said to ! birds1 ,obey ! eagle2 aft]w>ds1 9 consequ5ce ( ! invasion1 he _h said to !m1 ,obey ! vultures4 ,he n[1 h[ev]1 soon call$ out to !m1 ,obey me only4 ,! poor birds did n "k to :om to li/53 !y 7 pluck$ by ! eagle1 ! vultures1 & ! owl & bats4 ,qui habet aures1 audiat4--,he t ha? e>s to he>1 let him he>4 ,,section ,v4 ,i h 9 my possession a great numb] ( catapult & bali/ ( ! anci5t ,romans1 :i* are c]ta9ly r worm-eat51 b w\ld /ill d v well z specim5s4 ,i h _m wat]-clocks1 b half ( !m probably out ( repair & brok51 "s sepul*ral lamps1 & an old copp] model ( a qu9qu]eme4 ,i h also togas1 pretextas1 & laticlaves 9 lead2 & my pr$ecessors e/abli%$ a society ( tailors2 :o1 aft] inspect+ anci5t monum5ts1 c make up robes pretty awkw>dly4 ,= ^! reasons !reunto mov+ u1 aft] he>+ ! report ( our *ief antiqu>y1 we d h]eby appo9t & orda91 t all ! said v5]able usages %\ld be obs]v$ & kept up =ev]2 & e p]son1 ?r\gh ! :ole ext5t ( our dom9ions1 %all dress & ?9k precisely z m5 dress$ & ?\ght 9 ! "t ( ,cnidus ,rufillus1 proprietor ( ! prov9ce devolv$ to u by "r1 etc4 ,x is repres5t$ to an (fic] belong+ to ! dep>tm5t :5ce ?is edict issu$1 t all ! eng9es enum]at$ 9 x are become useless2 t ! und]/&+s & ! inv5tions ( mank9d are e day mak+ new advances t[>ds p]fection2 & t x w\ld be m judici\s to guide & gov]n m5 by ! re9s 9 pres5t use1 ?an by ^? by :i* !y 7 =m]ly subject$2 t no p]son c\ld be f\nd to g on bo>d ! qu9qu]eme ( 8 mo/ s]5e highness2 t 8 tailors might make z _m laticlaves z !y pleas$1 & t n a s\l w\ld pur*ase "o ( !m2 & t x w\ld be wor?y ( 8 wisdom to condesc5d1 9 "s small measure1 to ! mann] ( ?9k+ t n[ prevail$ among ! bett] sort ( p 9 8 own dom9ions4 ,! (fic] above m5tion$ promis$ to communicate ?is repres5tation to a cl]k1 :o promis$ to speak ab\t x to ! ref]5d>y1 :o promis$ to m5tion x to 8 mo/ s]5e highness :5ev] an opportunity %\ld (f]4 ,,section ,,vi4 ,picture ( ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( a gov]nm5t is a matt] ( curi\s & int]e/+ inve/igation4 ,i %all n speak1 9 ?is place1 ( ! great ,tam]lane1 or ,tim]l+1 because ,i am n precisely acqua9t$ ) ! my/]y ( ! ,great ,mogul's gov]nm5t4 ,b we c see our way some:at m cle>ly into ! adm9i/ration ( affairs 9 ,engl&2 & ,i _h r exam9e t ?an ! adm9i/ration ( ,india2 z ,engl&1 we are in=m$1 is inhabit$ by free m5 & n by slaves2 & 9 ,india1 accord+ to ! acc\nts we h ( x1 !re are _m slaves & b few free m54 ,let u1 9 ! fir/ place1 view a ,norman ba/>d seat+ himself ^u ! ?rone ( ,engl&4 ,he _h ab\t z mu* "r to x z ,/4 ,l\is _h1 at a lat] p]iod1 to ,gr& ,cairo4 ,b ,/4 ,l\is _h ! mis=tune n to beg9 ) obta9+ a judicial decision 9 favor ( 8 "r to ,egypt f ! c\rt ( ,rome2 & ,william ! ,ba/>d fail$ n to r5d] 8 cause legitimate & sacr$1 by obta9+ 9 confirmation ( ! rightfulness ( 8 claim1 a decree ( ,pope ,alex&] ,,ii4 issu$ )\t ! opposite p>ty hav+ obta9$ a he>+1 & simply 9 virtue ( ! words1 ,:atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d on e>?1 %all be b\nd 9 heav54 ,8 competitor1 ,h>old1 a p]fectly legitimate mon>*1 be+ ?us b\nd by a decree ( heav51 ,william unit$ to ?is virtue ( ! holy see ano!r ( f> m p[]ful efficacy /ill1 :i* 0 ! victory ( ,ha/+s4 ,he reign$1 !re=e1 by ! "r ( ! /ronge/1 j z ,pep9 & ,clovis _h reign$ 9 ,france2 ! ,go?s & ,lomb>ds 9 ,italy2 ! ,visigo?s1 & aft]w>ds ! ,arabs 9 ,spa92 ! ,v&als 9 ,africa1 & all ! k+s ( ! _w 9 succession4 ,x mu/ be nev]!less admitt$1 t our ,ba/>d possess$ z j a title z ! ,saxons & ! ,danes1 ^: title1 aga91 0 q z good z t ( ! ,romans4 ,& ! title ( all ^! h]oes 9 succession 0 precisely t ( robb]s on ! highway1 or1 if y l x bett]1 t ( foxes & pole-cats :5 !y commit _! depr$ations on ! f>m-y>d4 ,all ^! great m5 7 s completely highway robb]s1 t f ! "t ( ,romulus d[n to ! buccane]s1 ! only "q & conc]n 7 ab\t ! spolia opima1 ! pillage & plund]1 ! c[s & ox5 c>ri$ (f by ! h& ( viol5ce4 ,m]cury1 9 ! fable1 /eals ! c[s ( ,apollo2 & 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ,isaiah assigns ! "n ( robb] to ! son :om 8 wife 0 to br+ into ! _w1 & :o 0 to be an important & sacr$ type4 ,t "n 0 ,mah]%alalha%baz1 divide spe$ily ! soil4 ,we h already obs]v$1 t ! names ( soldi] & robb] 7 (t5 synonym\s4 ,?us !n did ,william soon become k+ by div9e "r4 ,william ,rufus1 :o usurp$ ! cr[n ov] 8 eld] bro!r1 0 also k+ by div9e "r1 )\t any difficulty2 & ! same "r atta*$ aft] him to ,h5ry1 ! ?ird usurp]4 ,! ,norman b>ons :o _h jo9$ at _! own exp5se 9 ! invasion ( ,engl&1 7 desir\s ( comp5sation4 ,x 0 necess>y to grant x1 & = ?is purpose to make !m great vassals1 & great (fic]s ( ! cr[n4 ,!y became possess$ ( ! f9e/ e/ates4 ,x is evid5t t ,william w\ld r1 _h he d>$1 h kept all to himself1 & made all ^! lords 8 gu>ds & lackeys4 ,b ?is w\ld h be5 too dang]\s an attempt4 ,he 0 oblig$1 !re=e1 to divide & di/ribute4 ,) respect to ! ,anglo-,saxon lords1 !re 0 no v easy way ( kill+1 or ev5 mak+ slaves ( ! :ole ( !m4 ,!y 7 p]mitt$ 9 _! own di/ricts1 to enjoy ! rank & d5om9ation ( lords ( ! manor--seignieurs *telans4 ,!y held ( ! great ,norman vassals1 :o held ( ,william4 ,by ?is sy/em ev]y?+ 0 kept 9 equilibrium until ! break+ out ( ! fir/ qu>rel4 ,& :at became ( ! re/ ( ! nation8 ,! same t _h become ( ne>ly all ! population ( ,europe4 ,!y became s]fs or ville9s4 ,at l5g?1 aft] ! fr5zy ( ! ,crusades1 ! ru9$ pr9ces sell lib]ty to ! s]fs ( ! glebe1 :o _h obta9$ money by labor & comm]ce4 ,cities are made free1 ! commons are grant$ c]ta9 privileges2 & ! rights ( m5 revive ev5 out ( an>*y itself4 ,! b>ons 7 ev]y:]e 9 cont5tion ) _! k+1 & ) "o ano!r4 ,! cont5tion became ev]y:]e a petty inte/9e w>1 made up out ( numb]less civil w>s4 ,f ?is abom9able & gloomy *aos appe>$ a feeble gleam1 :i* enlight5$ ! commons1 & consid]ably improv$ _! situation4 ,! k+s ( ,engl&1 be+ !mselves great vassals ( ,france = ,norm&y1 & aft]w>ds = ,gui5ne & o!r prov9ces1 easily adopt$ ! usages ( ! k+s f :om !y held4 ,! /ates ( ! realm 7 long made up1 z 9 ,france1 ( b>ons & bi%ops4 ,! ,engli% c\rt ( *anc]y 0 an imitation ( ! c\ncil ( /ate1 ( :i* ! *ancellor ( ,france 0 presid5t4 ,! c\rt ( k+'s b5* 0 =m$ on ! model ( ! p>liam5t in/itut$ by ,philip le ,bel4 ,! common pleas 7 l ! jurisdiction ( ! *telat4 ,! c\rt ( ex*equ] resembl$ t ( ! sup]9t5d5ts ( ! f9ances--gnraux des f9ances--:i* became1 9 ,france1 ! c\rt ( aids4 ,! maxim t ! k+'s doma9 is inali5able is evid5tly tak5 f ! sy/em ( ,fr5* gov]nm5t4 ,! "r ( ! k+ ( ,engl& to call on 8 subjects to pay 8 ransom1 %\ld he become a prison] ( w>2 t ( requir+ a subsidy :5 he m>ri$ 8 elde/ daught]1 & :5 he conf]r$ ! honor ( knigh?ood on 8 son2 all ^! circum/ances call to recollection ! anci5t usages ( a k+dom ( :i* ,william 0 ! *ief vassal4 ,sc>cely _h ,philip le ,bel summon$ ! commons to ! /ates-g5]al1 be=e ,edw>d1 k+ ( ,engl&1 adopt$ ! l measure1 9 ord] to balance ! great p[] ( ! b>ons4 ,= x 0 "u ?is mon>*'s reign t ! commons 7 fir/ cle>ly & di/9ctly summon$ to p>liam5t4 ,we p]ceive1 !n1 t up to ?is epo* 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ! ,engli% gov]nm5t foll[$ regul>ly 9 ! /eps ( ,france4 ,! two *ur*es are entirely alike2 ! same subjection to ! c\rt ( ,rome2 ! same exactions :i* are always compla9$ (1 b1 9 ! end1 always paid to t rapaci\s c\rt2 ! same diss5sions1 some:at m or less viol5t2 ! same excommunications2 ! same donations to monks2 ! same *aos2 ! same mixture ( holy rap9e1 sup]/ition1 & b>b>ism4 ,z ,france & ,engl&1 !n1 7 = s long a p]iod gov]n$ by ! same pr9ciples1 or r )\t any pr9ciple at all1 & m]ely by usages ( a p]fectly simil> "*1 h[ is x t1 at l5g?1 ! two gov]nm5ts h become z diff]5t z ^? ( ,morocco & ,v5ice8 ,x is1 p]haps1 9 ! fir/ place to be ascrib$ to ! circum/ance ( ,engl&1 or r ,great ,brita91 be+ an isl&1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! k+ has be5 "u no necessity ( con/antly keep+ up a consid]able /&+ army :i* might m frequ5tly be employ$ aga9/ ! nation itself ?an aga9/ =eign]s4 ,x may be fur!r obs]v$1 t ! ,engli% appe> to h 9 ! /ructure ( _! m9ds some?+ m firm1 m reflective1 m p]sev]+1 &1 p]haps1 m ob/9ate1 ?an "s o!r nations4 ,to ?is latt] circum/ance x may be probably attribut$1 t1 aft] incessantly compla9+ ( ! c\rt ( ,rome1 !y at l5g? completely %ook (f its disgraceful yoke2 :ile a p ( m light & volatile "* has cont9u$ to we> x1 affect+ at ! same "t to laugh & dance 9 its *a9s4 ,! insul> situation ( ! ,engli%1 by induc+ ! necessity ( urg+ to ! p>ticul> pursuit & practice ( navigation1 has probably contribut$ to ! result we are "h consid]+1 by giv+ to ! natives a c]ta9 /]nness & rugg$ness ( mann]s4 ,^! /]n & rugg$ mann]s1 :i* h made _! isl& ! !atre ( _m a bloody trag$y1 h also contribut$1 9 all probability1 to inspire a g5]\s frankness4 ,x is 9 consequ5ce ( ?is comb9ation ( opposite qualities t s mu* royal blood has be5 %$ 9 ! field1 & on ! scaffold1 & yet poison1 9 all _! long & viol5t dome/ic cont5tions1 has nev] be5 resort$ to2 :]eas1 9 o!r c\ntries1 "u prie/ly dom9ation poison has be5 ! prevail+ weapon ( de/ruction4 ,! love ( lib]ty appe>s to h advanc$1 & to h *>act]iz$ ! ,engli%1 9 proportion z !y h advanc$ 9 k & 9 weal?4 ,all ! citiz5s ( a /ate _c be equally p[]ful1 b !y may be equally free4 ,& ?is high po9t ( di/9ction & enjoym5t ! ,engli%1 by _! firmness & intrepidity1 h at l5g? atta9$4 ,to be free is to be dep5d5t only on ! laws4 ,! ,engli%1 !re=e1 h ev] lov$ ! laws1 z fa!rs love _! *ildr51 because !y are1 or at lea/ ?9k !mselves1 ! fram]s ( !m4 ,a gov]nm5t l ?is c\ld be e/abli%$ only at a late p]iod2 because x 0 necess>y long to /ruggle ) p[]s :i* comm&$ respect1 or at lea/1 impress$ awe--! p[] ( ! pope1 ! mo/ t]rible ( all1 z x 0 built on prejudice & ignorance2 ! royal p[] ev] t5d+ to bur/ its prop] b\nd>y1 & :i* x 0 requisite1 h[ev] difficult1 to re/ra9 )9 x2 ! p[] ( ! b>ons1 :i* 01 9 fact1 an an>*y2 ! p[] ( ! bi%ops1 :o1 always mix+ ! sacr$ ) ! pr(ane1 left no means unattempt$ to prevail ov] bo? b>ons & k+s4 ,! h\se ( commons gradually became ! impregnable mole1 :i* successfully repell$ ^? s]i\s & =midable torr5ts4 ,! h\se ( commons is1 9 reality1 ! nation2 = ! k+1 :o is ! head1 acts only = himself1 & :at is call$ 8 pr]ogative4 ,! pe]s are a p>liam5t only = !mselves2 & ! bi%ops only = !mselves1 9 ! same mann]4 ,b ! h\se ( commons is = ! p1 z e memb] ( x is deput$ by ! p4 ,! p are to ! k+ 9 ! proportion ( ab\t eight millions to unity4 ,to ! pe]s & bi%ops !y are z eight millions to1 at mo/1 two hundr$4 ,& ^! eight million free citiz5s are repres5t$ by ! l[] h\se4 ,) respect to ?is e/abli%m5t or con/itution--9 comp>ison ) :i* ! republic ( ,plato is m]ely a ridicul\s rev]ie1 & :i* might be ?\ght to h be5 inv5t$ by ,locke1 or ,newton1 or ,halley1 or ,ar*im$es--x sprang1 9 fact1 out ( abuses1 ( a mo/ dreadful description1 & su* z are calculat$ to make human nature %udd]4 ,! inevitable friction ( ?is va/ ma*9e ne>ly prov$ its de/ruction 9 ! days ( ,fairfax & ,cromwell4 ,s5seless fanaticism broke into ?is noble edifice1 l a dev\r+ fire t consumes a beautiful build+ =m$ only ( wood4 ,9 ! "t ( ,william ! ,?ird x 0 rebuilt ( /one4 ,philosophy de/roy$ fanaticism1 :i* convulses to _! c5tres /ates ev5 ! mo/ firm & p[]ful4 ,we _c easily help believ+ t a con/itution :i* has regulat$ ! rights ( k+1 lords1 & p1 & 9 :i* e individual f9ds security1 w endure z long z human in/itutions & conc]ns %all h a be+4 ,we _c b believe1 also1 t all /ates n e/abli%$ ^u simil> pr9ciples1 w exp]i5ce revolutions4 ,! ,engli% con/itution has1 9 fact1 arriv$ at t po9t ( excell5ce1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* all m5 are re/or$ to ^? natural rights1 :i*1 9 ne>ly all mon>*ies1 !y are depriv$ (4 ,^! rights are1 entire lib]ty ( p]son & prop]ty2 fre$om ( ! press2 ! "r ( be+ tri$ 9 all crim9al cases by a jury ( indep5d5t m5--! "r ( be+ tri$ only accord+ to ! /rict lett] ( ! law2 & ! "r ( e man to pr(ess1 unmole/$1 :at religion he *ooses1 :ile he r5\nces (fices1 :i* ! memb]s ( ! ,anglican or e/abli%$ *ur* alone c hold4 ,^! are d5om9at$ privileges4 ,&1 9 tru?1 invaluable privileges !y are 9 comp>ison ) ! usages ( mo/ o!r nations ( ! _w6 ,to be secure on ly+ d[n t y %all rise 9 possession ( ! same prop]ty ) :i* y retir$ to re/2 t y %all n be torn f ! arms ( y\r wife1 & f y\r *ildr51 9 ! dead ( night1 to be ?r[n into a dungeon1 or buri$ 9 exile 9 a des]t2 t1 :5 ris+ f ! b$ ( sleep1 y w h ! p[] ( publi%+ all y\r ?\ghts2 & t1 if y are accus$ ( hav+ ei!r act$1 spok51 or writt5 wrongly1 y c be tri$ only accord+ to law4 ,^! privileges atta* to e "o :o sets 8 foot on ,engli% gr\nd4 ,a =eign] enjoys p]fect lib]ty to dispose ( 8 prop]ty & p]son2 &1 if accus$ ( any (f5ce1 he c dem& t half ! jury %all be compos$ ( =eign]s4 ,i w v5ture to ass]t1 t1 7 ! human race solemnly assembl$ = ! purpose ( mak+ laws1 su* are ! laws !y w\ld make = _! security4 ,:y !n are !y n adopt$ 9 o!r c\ntries8 ,b w\ld x n be equally judici\s to ask1 :y cocoanuts1 :i* are br\ght to maturity 9 ,india1 d n rip5 at ,rome8 ,y answ]1 ^! cocoanuts did n always1 or = "s "t1 come to maturity 9 ,engl&2 t ! trees h n be5 long cultivat$2 t ,sw$51 foll[+ h] example1 plant$ & nurs$ "s ( !m = sev]al ye>s1 b t !y did n ?rive2 & t x is possible to produce su* fruit 9 o!r prov9ces1 ev5 9 ,bosnia & ,s]via4 ,try & plant ! tree !n4 ,& y :o be> au?ority ov] ^! b5ight$ p1 :e!r "u ! "n ( pa%a1 eff5di1 or mollah1 let me advise y1 al?\gh an unpromis+ subject = advice1 n to act ! /upid z well z b>b>\s "p ( rivet+ y\r nations 9 *a9s4 ,reflect1 t ! heavi] y make ! p's yoke1 ! m completely y\r own *ildr51 :o _c all ( !m be pa%as1 w be slaves4 ,surely y w\ld n be s contemptible a wret* z to expose y\r :ole po/]ity to groan 9 *a9s1 = ! sake ( enjoy+ a subalt]n tyranny = a few days6 ,oh1 h[ great at pres5t is ! di/ance betwe5 an ,engli%man & a ,bosnian6 ,,section ,,vii4 ,! mixture n[ exi/+ 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ,engl&--?is conc]t betwe5 ! commons1 ! lords1 & ! k+--did n exi/ always4 ,engl& 0 long a slave4 ,%e 0 s to ! ,romans1 ! ,saxons1 ,danes1 & ,fr5*4 ,william ! ,conqu]or1 9 p>ticul>1 rul$ h] ) a sceptre ( iron4 ,he dispos$ ( ! prop]ties & lives ( 8 new subjects l an ,ori5tal despot2 he prohibit$ !m f hav+ ei!r fire or c&le 9 _! h\ses aft] eight o'clock at night1 "u pa9 ( dea?3 8 object be+ ei!r to prev5t nocturnal assemblies among !m1 or m]ely1 by s caprici\s & extravagant a prohibition1 to %[ h[ f> ! p[] ( "s m5 c ext5d ov] o!rs4 ,x is true1 t bo? be=e z well z aft] ,william ! ,conqu]or1 ! ,engli% _h p>liam5ts2 !y made a boa/ ( !m2 z if ! assemblies !n call$ p>liam5ts1 made up ( tyrannical *ur*m5 & b>onial robb]s1 _h be5 ! gu>dians ( public fre$om & happ9ess4 ,! b>b>ians1 :o1 f ! %ores ( ! ,baltic p\r$ ov] ! re/ ( ,europe1 br\ght ) !m ! usage ( /ates or p>liam5ts1 ab\t :i* a va/ deal is said & v little kn[n4 ,! k+s 7 n despotic1 x is true2 & x 0 precisely on ?is acc\nt t ! p groan$ 9 mis]able slav]y4 ,! *iefs ( ^! savages1 :o _h ravag$ ,france1 ,italy1 ,spa91 & ,engl&1 made !mselves mon>*s4 ,_! capta9s divid$ among !mselves ! e/ates ( ! vanqui%$2 h5ce1 ! m>graves1 lairds1 b>ons1 & ! :ole s]ies ( ! subalt]n tyrants1 :o (t5 conte/$ ! spoils ( ! p ) ! mon>*s1 rec5tly advanc$ to ! ?rone & n firmly fix$ on x4 ,^! 7 all birds ( prey1 battl+ ) ! eagle1 9 ord] to suck ! blood ( ! doves4 ,e nation1 in/ead ( "o good ma/]1 _h a hundr$ tyrants4 ,! prie/s soon took "p 9 ! conte/4 ,f "t immemorial x _h be5 ! fate ( ! ,gauls1 ! ,g]mans1 & ! isl&]s ( ,engl&1 to be gov]n$ by _! druids & ! *iefs ( _! villages1 an anci5t species ( b>ons1 b less tyrannical ?an _! successors4 ,^! druids call$ !mselves m$iators betwe5 ,god & m52 !y legislat$1 !y excommunicat$1 !y _h ! p[] ( life & dea?4 ,! bi%ops gradually succe$$ to ! au?ority ( ! druids1 "u ! ,go? & ,v&al gov]nm5t4 ,! popes put !mselves at _! head2 &1 ) briefs1 bulls1 & monks1 /ruck t]ror into ! he>ts ( k+s1 :om !y sometimes de?ron$ & occasionally caus$ to be assass9at$1 & drew to !mselves1 z ne>ly z !y 7 able1 all ! money ( ,europe4 ,! imbecile ,ina1 "o ( ! tyrants ( ! ,engli% hept>*y1 0 ! fir/ :o1 on a pilgrimage to ,rome1 submitt$ to pay ,/4 ,pet]'s p5ny--:i* 0 ab\t a cr[n ( our money--= e h\se )9 8 t]ritory4 ,! :ole isl& soon foll[$ ?is example2 ,engl& gradually became a prov9ce ( ! pope2 & ! holy fa!r s5t ov] 8 legates1 f "t to "t1 to levy ^u x 8 exorbitant impo/s4 ,john1 call$ ,lackl&1 at l5g? made a full & =mal cession ( 8 k+dom to 8 hol9ess1 by :om he _h be5 excommunicat$2 ! b>ons1 :o did n at all f9d _! acc\nt 9 ?is proce$+1 expell$ t contemptible k+1 & sub/itut$ 9 8 room ,l\is ,,viii41 fa!r ( ,/4 ,l\is1 k+ ( ,france4 ,b !y soon became disgu/$ ) ! new-com]1 & oblig$ him to recross ! sea4 ,:ile ! b>ons1 bi%ops1 & popes 7 ?us h>ass+ & te>+ asund] ,engl&1 :]e ea* ( ! p>ties /rove eag]ly to be ! dom9ant "o1 ! p1 :o =m ! mo/ num]\s1 useful1 & virtu\s portion ( a community1 consi/+ ( ^? :o /udy ! laws & sci5ces1 m]*ants1 artisans1 & ev5 peasants1 :o ex]cise at once ! mo/ important & ! mo/ despis$ ( occupations2 ! p1 ,i say1 7 look$ d[n ^u equally by all ^! combatants1 z a species ( be+s inf]ior to mank9d4 ,f>1 inde$1 at t "t1 7 ! commons f hav+ ! slighte/ p>ticipation 9 ! gov]nm5t3 !y 7 ville9s1 or s]fs ( ! soil2 bo? _! labor & _! blood belong$ to _! ma/]s1 :o 7 call$ nobles4 ,! great] numb] ( m5 9 ,europe 7 :at !y /ill cont9ue to be 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w--! s]fs ( a "l1 a species ( cattle b\ght & sold toge!r ) ! l&4 ,x requir$ c5turies to get ju/ice done to humanity2 to produce an adequate impression ( ! odi\s & execrable nature ( ! sy/em1 accord+ to :i* ! _m s[1 & only ! few reap2 & surely x may ev5 be consid]$ =tunate = ,france t ! p[]s ( ^! petty robb]s 7 ext+ui%$ !re by ! legitimate au?ority ( k+s1 z x 0 9 ,engl& by t ( ! k+ & nation unit$4 ,happily1 9 consequ5ce ( ! convulsions ( empires by ! conte/s betwe5 sov]eigns & nobles1 ! *a9s ( nations are m or less relax$4 ,! b>ons compell$ ,john 7,lackl&7 & ,h5ry ,,iii to grant ! fam\s *>t]1 ! great object ( :i*1 9 reality1 0 to place ! k+ 9 dep5d5ce on ! lords1 b 9 :i* ! re/ ( ! nation 0 a little favor$1 to induce x1 :5 occasion might require1 to range itself 9 ! ranks ( its pret5d$ protectors4 ,?is great *>t]1 :i* is reg>d$ z ! sacr$ orig9 ( ,engli% lib]ties1 itself cle>ly %[s h[ v little lib]ty 0 und]/ood4 ,! v title proves t ! k+ consid]$ himself absolute by "r1 & t ! b>ons & cl]gy compell$ him to abate 8 claim to ?is absolute p[] only by ! application ( sup]ior =ce4 ,^! are ! words ) :i* ,magna ,*>ta beg9s3 ,we grant1 ( our free w1 ! foll[+ privileges to ! ar*bi%ops1 bi%ops1 abbots1 priors1 & b>ons1 ( our k+dom1 etc4 ,?r\gh\t ! articles ( x1 n a ^w is said ( ! h\se ( commons2 a pro( t x did n !n exi/1 or t x exi/$ )\t p[]4 ,! freem5 ( ,engl& are specifi$ 9 x1 a melan*oly demon/ration t !re 7 m5 :o 7 n free4 ,we p]ceive1 f ! ?irty-sev5? article1 t ! pret5d$ freem5 ow$ s]vice to _! "l4 ,lib]ty ( su* a description _h b too /rong a simil>ity to bondage4 ,by ! tw5ty-fir/ article1 ! k+ orda9s t h5ce=w>d 8 (fic]s %all n take away ! horses & pl\ghs ( freem51 )\t pay+ = !m4 ,?is regulation 0 consid]$ by ! p z true lib]ty1 because x fre$ !m f a great] tyranny4 ,h5ry ,,vii41 a successful w>rior & politician1 :o pret5d$ great atta*m5t to ! b>ons1 b :o cordially hat$ & fe>$ !m1 grant$ !m p]mission to ali5ate _! l&s4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 ! ville9s1 :o by _! indu/ry & skill accumulat$ prop]ty1 9 ! c\rse ( "t became pur*as]s ( ! ca/les ( ! illu/ri\s nobles :o _h ru9$ !mselves by _! extravagance1 &1 gradually1 ne>ly all ! l&$ prop]ty ( ! k+dom *ang$ ma/]s4 ,! h\se ( commons n[ advanc$ 9 p[] e day4 ,! families ( ! old nobility became ext9ct 9 ! progress ( "t2 &1 z 9 ,engl&1 correctly speak+1 pe]s only are nobles1 !re w\ld sc>cely h be5 any nobles 9 ! c\ntry1 if ! k+s _h n1 f "t to "t1 creat$ new b>ons1 & kept up ! body ( pe]s1 :om !y _h =m]ly s mu* dread$1 to c\nt]act t ( ! commons1 n[ become too =midable4 ,all ! new pe]s1 :o compose ! upp] h\se1 receive f ! k+ _! title & no?+ m1 s9ce none ( !m h ! prop]ty ( ! l&s ( :i* !y be> ! names4 ,"o is duke ( ,dorset1 )\t possess+ a s+le foot ( l& 9 ,dorset%ire2 ano!r is an e>l "u ! "n ( a c]ta9 village1 yet sc>cely kn[+ :]e t village is situat$4 ,!y h p[] 9 ! p>liam5t1 & n[h]e else4 ,y he> no m5tion1 9 ?is c\ntry1 ( ! high1 middle1 & l[ c\rts ( ju/ice1 nor ( ! "r ( *ase ov] ! l&s ( private citiz5s1 :o h no "r to fire a gun on _! own e/ates4 ,a man is n exempt$ f pay+ p>ticul> taxes because he is a noble or a cl]gyman4 ,all impo/s are regulat$ by ! h\se ( commons1 :i*1 al?\gh subord9ate 9 rank1 is sup]ior 9 cr$it to t ( ! lords4 ,! pe]s & bi%ops may reject a bill s5t up to !m by ! commons1 :5 ! object is to raise money1 b !y c make no alt]ation 9 x3 !y mu/ admit x or reject x1 )\t re/riction4 ,:5 ! bill is confirm$ by ! lords1 & ass5t$ to by ! k+1 !n all ! classes ( ! nation contribute4 ,e man pays1 n accord+ to 8 rank--:i* w\ld be absurd--b accord+ to 8 rev5ue4 ,!re is no arbitr>y faille or capitation1 b a real tax on l&s4 ,^! 7 all valu$ 9 ! reign ( ! celebrat$ ,k+ ,william4 ,! tax exi/s /ill unalt]$1 al?\gh ! r5ts ( l&s h consid]ably increas$2 ?us no "o is oppress$1 & no "o compla9s4 ,! feet ( ! cultivator are n bruis$ & mutilat$ by wood5 %oes2 he eats :ite bread2 he is well clo!d4 ,he is n afraid to increase 8 f>m+-/ock1 nor to ro( 8 cottage ) tiles1 le/ ! foll[+ ye> %\ld1 9 consequ5ce1 br+ ) x an increase ( taxation4 ,!re are num]\s f>m]s :o h an income ( ab\t five or six hundr$ p\nds /]l+1 & /ill disda9 n to cultivate ! l& :i* has enri*$ !m1 & on :i* !y enjoy ! bless+ ( fre$om4 ,,section ,,viii4 ,! read] well kn[s t 9 ,spa91 ne> ! coa/ ( ,malaga1 !re 0 discov]$1 9 ! reign ( ,philip ,,ii41 a small community1 until !n unkn[n1 conceal$ 9 ! recesses ( ! ,alpux>ras m\nta9s4 ,?is *a9 ( inaccessible rocks is int]sect$ by luxuriant valleys1 & ^! valleys are /ill cultivat$ by ! desc5dants ( ! ,moors1 :o 7 =c$1 = _! own happ9ess1 to become ,*ri/ians1 or at lea/ to appe> su*4 ,among ^! ,moors1 z ,i 0 /at+1 !re 01 9 ! "t ( ,philip1 a small society1 inhabit+ a valley to :i* !re exi/$ no access b ?r\gh cav]ns4 ,?is valley is situat$ betwe5 ,pitos & ,portugos4 ,! inhabitants ( ?is seclud$ abode 7 almo/ unkn[n to ! ,moors !mselves4 ,!y spoke a language t 0 nei!r ,spani% nor ,arabic1 & :i* 0 ?\ght to be d]iv$ f t ( ! anci5t ,c>?ag9ians4 ,?is society _h b little increas$ 9 numb]s3 ! reason alleg$ = :i* 0 t ! ,arabs1 _! neighbors1 & be=e _! "t ! ,africans1 7 9 ! practice ( com+ & tak+ f !m ! "y wom54 ,^! poor & humble1 b nev]!less happy1 p1 _h nev] he>d any m5tion ( ! ,*ri/ian or ,jewi% religions2 & knew v little ab\t t ( ,mahomet1 n hold+ x 9 any e/imation4 ,!y (f]$ up1 f "t immemorial1 milk & fruits to a /atue ( ,h]cules4 ,?is 0 ! am\nt ( _! religion4 ,z to o!r matt]s1 !y sp5t _! days 9 indol5ce & innoc5ce4 ,!y 7 at l5g? discov]$ by a famili> ( ! ,inquisition4 ,! gr& inquisitor _h ! :ole ( !m burn$4 ,?is is ! sole ev5t ( _! hi/ory4 ,! hall[$ motives ( _! condemnation 71 t !y _h nev] paid taxes1 al?\gh1 9 fact1 none _h ev] be5 dem&$ ( !m1 & !y 7 totally unacqua9t$ ) money2 t !y 7 n possess$ ( any ,bible1 al?\gh !y did n und]/& ,lat92 & t no p]son _h be5 at ! pa9s ( baptiz+ !m4 ,!y 7 all inve/$ ) ! san b5ito1 & broil$ to dea? ) becom+ c]emony4 ,x is evid5t t ?is is a specim5 ( ! true sy/em ( gov]nm5t2 no?+ c s completely contribute to ! cont5t1 h>mony1 & happ9ess ( society4 ,,g\rd ,,or ,,calaba%4 ,?is fruit gr[s 9 ,am]ica on ! bran*es ( a tree z high z ! talle/ oaks4 ,?us1 ,mat!w ,g>o1 :o is ?\ght s wrong 9 ,europe = f9d+ fault ) g\rds creep+ on ! gr\nd1 w\ld h be5 "r 9 ,mexico4 ,he w\ld h be5 /ill m 9 ! "r 9 ,india1 :]e cocoas are v elevat$4 ,?is proves t we %\ld nev] ha/5 to conclusions4 ,:at ,god has made1 ,he has made well1 no d\bt2 & has plac$ 8 g\rds on ! gr\nd 9 our climates1 le/1 9 fall+ f on high1 !y %\ld break ,mat!w ,g>o's nose4 ,! calaba% w only be introduc$ "h to %[ t we %\ld mi/ru/ ! idea t all 0 made = man4 ,!re are p :o pret5d t ! turf is only gre5 to refre% ! sight4 ,x w\ld appe>1 h[ev]1 t x is r made = ! animals :o nibble x ?an = man1 to :om dog-grass & trefoil are useless4 ,if nature has produc$ ! trees 9 favor ( "s species1 x is difficult to say to :i* %e has giv5 ! pref]5ce4 ,leaves1 & ev5 b>k1 n\ri% a prodigi\s multitude ( insects3 birds eat _! fruits1 & inhabit _! bran*es1 9 :i* !y build _! indu/ri\sly =m$ ne/s1 :ile ! flocks repose "u _! %ades4 ,! au?or ( ! ,spectacle de la ,nature pret5ds t ! sea has a flux & reflux1 only to facilitate ! go+ out & com+ 9 ( our vessels4 ,x appe>s t ev5 ,mat!w ,g>o reason$ bett]2 ! ,m$it]ranean1 on :i* s _m vessels sail1 & :i* only has a tide 9 ?ree or f\r places1 de/roys ! op9ion ( ?is philosoph]4 ,let u enjoy :at we h1 )\t believ+ ourselves ! c5tre & object ( all ?+s4 ,,grace4 ,9 p]sons & works1 grace signifies1 n only t :i* is pleas+1 b t :i* is attractive2 s t ! anci5ts imag9$ t ! goddess ( beauty ought nev] to appe> )\t ! graces4 ,beauty nev] displeases1 b x may be depriv$ ( ?is secret *>m1 :i* invites u to reg>d x1 & s5tim5tally attracts & fills ! s\l4 ,grace 9 figure1 c>riage1 action1 disc\rse1 dep5ds on its attractive m]it4 ,a beautiful woman w h no grace1 if h] m\? be %ut )\t a smile1 & if h] eyes display no sweetness4 ,! s]i\s is n always graceful1 because unattractive1 & approa*+ too ne> to ! sev]e1 :i* repels4 ,a well-made man ^: c>riage is timid or con/ra9$1 gait precipitate or heavy1 & ge/ures awkw>d1 has no gracefulness1 because he has no?+ g5tle or attractive 9 8 ext]ior4 ,! voice ( an orator :i* wants flexibility or s(tness is )\t grace4 ,x is ! same 9 all ! arts4 ,proportion & beauty may n be graceful4 ,x _c be said t ! pyramids ( ,egypt are graceful2 x _c be said t ! ,colossus ( ,rhodes is z mu* s z ! ,v5us ( ,cnidus4 ,all t is m]ely /rong & vigor\s exhibits n ! *>m ( grace4 ,x w\ld %[ b small acqua9tance ) ,mi*elangelo & ,c>avaggio to attribute to !m ! grace ( ,albano4 ,! six? book ( ! neid is sublime2 ! f\r? has m grace4 ,"s ( ! gallant odes ( ,horace brea! gracefulness1 z "s ( 8 epi/les cultivate reason4 ,x seems1 9 g5]al1 t ! little & pretty ( all k9ds are m susceptible ( grace ?an ! l>ge4 ,a fun]al oration1 a trag$y1 or a s]mon1 are badly prais$1 if !y are only honor$ ) ! epi!t ( graceful4 ,x is n good = any k9d ( "w to be oppos$ to grace1 = its opposite is rud5ess1 b>b>ity1 & dryness4 ,! ,h]cules ( ,f>nese %\ld n h ! gracefulness ( ! ,apollo ( ,belvid]e & ( ,ant9\s1 b x is nei!r rude nor clumsy4 ,! burn+ ( ,troy is n describ$ by ,virgil ) ! graces ( an elegy ( ,tibullus3 x pleases by /rong] beauties4 ,a "w1 !n1 may be depriv$ ( grace1 )\t be+ 9 ! lea/ disagreeable4 ,! t]rible1 or horrible1 9 description1 is n to be graceful1 nei!r %\ld x solely affect its opposite2 = if an arti/1 :atev] bran* he may cultivate1 expresses only frightful ?+s1 & s(t5s !m n by agreeable contra/s1 he w repel4 ,grace1 9 pa9t+ & sculpture1 consi/s 9 s(tness ( outl9e & h>moni\s expression2 & pa9t+1 next to sculpture1 has grace 9 ! unison ( p>ts1 & ( figures :i* animate "o ano!r1 & :i* become agreeable by _! attributes & _! expression4 ,graces ( diction1 :e!r 9 eloqu5ce or poetry1 dep5d on *oice ( words & h>mony ( phrases1 & /ill m ^u delicacy ( ideas & smil+ descriptions4 ,! abuse ( grace is affectation1 z ! abuse ( ! sublime is absurdity2 all p]fection is ne>ly a fault4 ,to h grace applies equally to p]sons & ?+s4 ,?is dress1 ?is "w1 or t woman1 is graceful4 ,:at is call$ a good grace applies to mann] alone4 ,%e pres5ts h]self ) good grace4 ,he has done t :i* 0 expect$ ( him ) a good grace4 ,to possess ! graces3 ,?is woman has grace 9 h] c>riage1 9 all t %e says & does4 ,to obta9 grace is1 by a metaphor1 to obta9 p>don1 z to grant grace is to grant p>don4 ,we make grace ( "o ?+ by tak+ away all ! re/4 ,! commission]s took all 8 effects & made him a gift--a grace--( 8 money4 ,to grant graces1 to diffuse graces1 is ! f9e/ privilege ( ! sov]eignty2 x is to d good by some?+ m ?an ju/ice4 ,to h "o's good graces is usually said 9 relation to a sup]ior3 to h a lady's good graces1 is to be h] favorite lov]4 ,to be 9 grace1 is said ( a c\rti] :o has be5 9 disgrace3 we %\ld n all[ our happ9ess to dep5d on ! "o1 nor our mis]y on ! o!r4 ,graces1 9 ,greek1 are *>ities2 a t]m :i* signifies amiable4 ,! graces1 div9ities ( antiquity1 are "o ( ! mo/ beautiful allegories ( ! ,greek my?ology4 ,z ?is my?ology always v>i$ accord+ ei!r to ! imag9ation ( ! poets1 :o 7 its !ologians1 or to ! cu/oms ( ! p1 ! numb]1 names1 & attributes ( ! graces (t5 *ange2 b x 0 at la/ agre$ to fix !m z ?ree1 ,aglaia1 ,?alia1 & ,euphrosyne1 t is to say1 sp>kl+1 bloom+1 mir?ful4 ,!y 7 always ne> ,v5us4 ,no veil %\ld cov] _! *>ms4 ,!y preside ov] favors1 concord1 rejoic+s1 love1 & ev5 eloqu5ce2 !y 7 ! s5sible emblem ( all t c r5d] life agreeable4 ,!y 7 pa9t$ danc+ & hold+ h&s2 & e "o :o ent]$ _! temples 0 cr[n$ ) fl[]s4 ,^? :o h condemn$ ! fabul\s my?ology %\ld at lea/ ackn[l$ge ! m]it ( ^! lively fictions1 :i* ann\nce tru?s intimately connect$ ) ! felicity ( mank9d4 ,,grace 7,,(74 ,,section ,i4 ,?is t]m1 :i* signifies favor or privilege1 is employ$ 9 ?is s5se by !ologians4 ,!y call grace a p>ticul> op]ation ( ,god on mank9d1 int5d$ to r5d] !m j & happy4 ,"s h admitt$ univ]sal grace1 t :i* ,god gives to all m51 ?\gh mank9d1 accord+ to !m1 ) ! exception ( a v small numb]1 w be deliv]$ to et]nal flames3 o!rs admit grace t[>ds ,*ri/ians ( _! communion only2 & la/ly1 o!rs only = ! elect ( t communion4 ,x is evid5t t a g5]al grace1 :i* leaves ! univ]se 9 vice1 error1 & et]nal mis]y1 is n a grace1 a favor1 or privilege1 b a contradiction 9 t]ms4 ,p>ticul> grace1 accord+ to !ologians1 is ei!r 9 ! fir/ place suffic+1 :i* if resi/$1 suffices n--resembl+ a p>don giv5 by a k+ to a crim9al1 :o is nev]!less deliv]$ ov] to ! puni%m5t2 or efficaci\s :5 x is n resi/$1 al?\gh x may be resi/$2 9 ?is case1 !y j resemble fami%$ gue/s to :om are pres5t$ delici\s vi&s1 ( :i* !y w surely eat1 ?\gh1 9 g5]al1 !y may be suppos$ at lib]ty n to eat2 or necess>y1 t is1 unavoidable1 be+ no?+ m ?an ! *a9 ( et]nal decrees & ev5ts4 ,we %all take c>e n to ent] into ! long & appall+ details1 subtleties1 & sophisms1 ) :i* ^! que/ions are emb>rass$4 ,! object ( ?is diction>y is n to be ! va9 e*o ( va9 disputes4 ,/4 ,?omas calls grace a sub/antial =m1 & ! ,jesuit ,b\h\rs names x a je ne sais quoi2 ?is is p]haps ! be/ def9ition :i* has ev] be5 giv5 ( x4 ,if ! !ologians _h want$ a subject on :i* to ridicule ,provid5ce1 !y ne$ n h tak5 any o!r ?an t :i* !y h *os54 ,on "o side ! ,?omi/s assure u t man1 9 receiv+ efficaci\s grace1 is n free 9 ! comp\nd s5se1 b t he is free 9 ! divid$ s5se2 on ! o!r1 ! ,mol9i/s inv5t ! m$ium doctr9e ( ,god & congruity1 & imag9e excit+1 prev5t+1 concomitant1 & co-op]at+ grace4 ,let u quit ^! bad b s]i\sly con/ruct$ jokes ( ! !ologians2 let u leave _! books1 & ea* consult 8 common s5se2 :5 he w see t all ^! reason]s h sagaci\sly deceiv$ !mselves1 because !y h reason$ ^u a pr9ciple evid5tly false4 ,!y h suppos$ t ,god acts ^u p>ticul> views2 n[1 an et]nal ,god1 )\t g5]al1 immutable1 & et]nal laws1 is an imag9>y be+1 a phantom1 a god ( fable4 ,:y1 9 all religions on :i* m5 pique !mselves on reason+1 h !ologians be5 =c$ to admit ?is grace :i* !y d n compreh5d8 ,x is t !y w\ld h salvation conf9$ to _! own sect1 & fur!r1 !y w\ld h ?is salvation divid$ among ^? :o are ! mo/ submissive to !mselves4 ,^! p>ticul> !ologians1 or *iefs ( p>ties1 divide among !mselves4 ,! ,mussulman doctors ent]ta9 simil> op9ions & simil> disputes1 because !y h ! same int]e/ to actuate !m2 b ! univ]sal !ologian1 t is to say1 ! true philosoph]1 sees t x is contradictory = nature to act on p>ticul> or s+le views2 t x is ridicul\s to imag9e ,god occupy+ ,himself 9 =c+ "o man 9 ,europe to obey ,him1 :ile ,he leaves all ! ,asiatics intractable2 to suppose ,him wre/l+ ) ano!r man :o sometimes submits1 & sometimes dis>ms ,him1 & pres5t+ to ano!r a help1 :i* is nev]!less useless4 ,su* grace1 consid]$ 9 a true po9t ( view1 is an absurdity4 ,! prodigi\s mass ( books compos$ on ?is subject is (t5 an ex]cise ( intellect1 b always ! %ame ( reason4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,all nature1 all t exi/s1 is ! grace ( ,god2 ,he be/[s on all animals ! grace ( =m & n\ri%m5t4 ,! grace ( gr[+ sev5ty feet high is grant$ to ! fir1 & refus$ to ! re$4 ,he gives to man ! grace ( ?9k+1 speak+1 & kn[+ him2 ,he grants me ! grace ( n und]/&+ a ^w ( all t ,t\rnelli1 ,mol9a1 & ,soto1 h writt5 on ! subject ( grace4 ,! fir/ :o has spok5 ( efficaci\s & gratuit\s grace is1 )\t contradiction1 ,hom]4 ,?is may be a/oni%+ to a ba*elor ( !ology1 :o kn[s no au?or b ,/4 ,augu/9e2 b1 if he read ! ?ird book ( ! ,iliad1 he w see t ,p>is says to 8 bro!r ,hector3 ,if ! gods h giv5 y valor1 & me beauty1 d n reproa* me ) ! pres5ts ( ! beautiful ,v5us2 no gift ( ! gods is despicable--x does n dep5d ^u man to obta9 !m4 ,no?+ is m positive ?an ?is passage4 ,if we fur!r rem>k t ,jupit]1 accord+ to 8 pleasure1 gave ! victory sometimes to ! ,greeks1 & at o!rs to ! ,trojans1 we %all see a new pro( t all 0 done by grace f on high4 ,s>p$on1 & aft]w>ds ,patroclus1 are b>b>ians to :om by turns grace has be5 want+4 ,!re h be5 philosoph]s :o 7 n ( ! op9ion ( ,hom]4 ,!y h pret5d$ t g5]al ,provid5ce does n imm$iately int]f]e ) ! affairs ( p>ticul> individuals2 t x gov]ns all by univ]sal laws2 t ,!rsites & ,a*illes 7 equal be=e x1 & t nei!r ,*alcas nor ,tal?ybius ev] _h v]satile or congru\s graces4 ,accord+ to ^! philosoph]s1 ! dog-grass & ! oak1 ! mite & ! elephant1 man1 ! elem5ts & />s1 obey inv>iable laws1 :i* ,god1 z immutable1 has e/abli%$ f all et]nity4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,if "o 7 to come f ! bottom ( hell1 to say to u on ! "p ( ! devil--,g5tlem51 ,i mu/ in=m y t our sov]eign "l has tak5 all mank9d = 8 %>e1 except a small numb] ( p :o live ne> ! ,vatican & its dep5d5cies--we %\ld all pray ( ?is deputy to inscribe u on ! li/ ( ! privileg$2 we %\ld ask him :at we mu/ d to obta9 ?is grace4 ,if he 7 to answ]1 ,y _c m]it x1 my ma/] has made ! li/ f ! beg9n+ ( "t2 he has only li/5$ to 8 own pleasure1 he is cont9ually occupi$ 9 mak+ an inf9ity ( pots-de-*ambre & "s doz5 gold vases2 if y are pots-de-*ambre s mu* ! worse = y4 ,at ^! f9e words we %\ld use our pit*=ks to s5d ! ambassador back to 8 ma/]4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 :at we h d>$ to impute to ,god---to ! et]nal & sov]eignly good be+6 ,man has be5 always reproa*$ ) hav+ made ,god 9 8 own image1 ,hom] has be5 condemn$ = hav+ transport$ all ! vices & follies ( e>? into heav54 ,plato1 :o has ?us ju/ly reproa*$ him1 has n hesitat$ to call him a blasphem]2 :ile we1 a hundr$ times m ?\ghtless1 h>dy1 & blasphem+ ?an ?is ,greek1 :o did n und]/& conv5tional language1 dev\tly accuse ,god ( a ?+ ( :i* we h nev] accus$ ! wor/ ( m54 ,x is said t ! k+ ( ,morocco1 ,muley ,ismael1 _h five hundr$ *ildr54 ,:at w\ld y say if a m>ab\t ( ,m\nt ,atlas relat$ to y t ! wise & good ,muley ,ismael1 d9+ ) 8 family1 at ! close ( ! repa/1 spoke ?us3 ,i am ,muley ,ismael1 :o has =gott5 y = my glory1 = ,i am v glori\s4 ,i love y v t5d]ly1 ,i %elt] y z a h5 cov]s h] *ick5s2 ,i h decre$ t "o ( my y\nge/ *ildr5 %all h ! k+dom ( ,tafilet1 & t ano!r %all possess ,morocco2 & = my o!r de> *ildr51 to ! numb] ( f\r hundr$ & n9ety-eight1 ,i ord] t "o-half %all be tortur$1 & ! o!r half burn$1 = ,i am ! ,"l ,muley ,ismael4 ,y w\ld assur$ly take ! m>ab\t = ! greate/ fool t ,africa ev] produc$2 b if ?ree or f\r ?\s& m>ab\ts1 well ent]ta9$ at y\r exp5se1 7 to repeat to y ! same /ory1 :at w\ld y d8 ,w\ld y n be tempt$ to make !m fa/ ^u bread & wat] until !y recov]$ _! s5ses8 ,y w allege t my indignation is reasonable en\gh aga9/ ! supralaps>ians1 :o believe t ! k+ ( ,morocco begot ^! five hundr$ *ildr5 only = 8 glory2 & t he _h always ! int5tion to torture & burn !m1 except two1 :o 7 de/9$ to reign4 ,b ,i am wrong1 y say1 aga9/ ! infralaps>ians1 :o av[ t x 0 n ! fir/ int5tion ( ,muley ,ismael to cause 8 *ildr5 to p]i%2 b t1 hav+ =ese5 t !y w\ld be ( no use1 he ?\ght he %\ld be act+ z a good fa!r 9 gett+ rid ( !m by torture & fire4 ,ah1 supralaps>ians1 infralaps>ians1 free-gracians1 suffic]s1 efficacians1 jans5i/s1 & mol9i/s become m51 & no long] tr\ble ! e>? ) su* absurd & abom9able fool]ies4 ,,section ,,iv4 ,holy advis]s ( mod]n ,rome1 illu/ri\s & infallible !ologians1 no "o has m respect = y\r div9e decisions ?an ,i2 b if ,paulus milius1 ,scipio1 ,cato1 ,cic]o1 ,cs>1 ,titus1 ,trajan1 or ,m>cus ,aurelius1 revisit$ t ,rome to :i* !y =m]ly did su* cr$it1 y mu/ confess t !y w\ld be a little a/oni%$ at y\r decisions on grace4 ,:at w\ld !y say if !y he>d y speak ( heal?ful grace accord+ to ,/4 ,?omas1 & m$ic9al grace accord+ to ,cajetan2 ( ext]ior & int]ior grace1 ( free1 sanctify+1 co-op]at+1 actual1 habitual1 & efficaci\s grace1 :i* is sometimes inefficaci\s2 ( ! suffic+ :i* sometimes does n suffice1 ( ! v]satile & congru\s--w\ld !y really compreh5d x m ?an y & ,i8 ,:at ne$ w\ld ^! poor p h ( y\r in/ructions8 ,i fancy ,i he> !m say3 ,rev]5d fa!rs1 y are t]rible g5ii2 we fooli%ly ?\ght t ! ,et]nal ,be+ nev] conduct$ ,himself by p>ticul> laws l vile human be+s1 b by g5]al laws1 et]nal l ,himself4 ,no "o among u ev] imag9$ t ,god 0 l a s5seless ma/]1 :o gives an e/ate to "o slave & refuses food to ano!r2 :o ord]s "o ) a brok5 arm to knead a loaf1 & a cripple to be 8 c\ri]4 ,all is grace on ! "p ( ,god2 ,he has giv5 to ! globe we inhabit ! grace ( =m2 to ! trees ! grace ( mak+ !m gr[2 to animals t ( fe$+ !m2 b w y say1 because "o wolf f9ds 9 8 road a lamb = 8 supp]1 :ile ano!r is dy+ ) hung]1 t ,god has giv5 ! fir/ wolf a p>ticul> grace8 ,is x a prev5tive grace to cause "o oak to gr[ 9 pref]5ce to ano!r 9 :i* sap is want+8 ,if ?r\gh\t nature all be+ is submitt$ to g5]al laws1 h[ c a s+le species ( animals avoid con=m+ to !m8 ,:y %\ld ! absolute ma/] ( all be m occupi$ 9 direct+ ! int]ior ( a s+le man ?an 9 conduct+ ! rema9d] ( entire nature8 ,by :at caprice w\ld ,he *ange some?+ 9 ! he>t ( a ,c\rl&] or a ,biscayan1 :ile ,he *anges no?+ 9 ! g5]al laws :i* ,he has impos$ ^u all ! />s4 ,:at a pity to suppose t ,he is cont9ually mak+1 defac+1 & r5ew+ our s5tim5ts6 ,& :at audacity 9 u to believe ourselves except$ f all be+s6 ,& fur!r1 is x n only = ^? :o confess t ^! *anges are imag9$8 ,a ,savoy>d1 a ,b]gamask1 on ,monday1 w h ! grace to h a mass said = twelve s\s2 on ,tuesday he w g to ! tav]n & h no grace2 on ,w$nesday he w h a co-op]at+ grace1 :i* w conduct him to confession1 b he w n h ! efficaci\s grace ( p]fect contrition2 on ,?ursday !re w be a suffic+ grace :i* w n suffice1 z has be5 already said4 ,god w labor 9 ! head ( ?is ,b]gamask--sometimes /rongly1 sometimes weakly1 :ile ! re/ ( ! e>? w no way conc]n ,him6 ,he w n deign to m$dle ) ! int]ior ( ! ,indians & ,*9ese6 ,if y possess a gra9 ( reason1 rev]5d fa!rs1 d y n f9d ?is sy/em prodigi\sly ridicul\s8 ,poor1 mis]able man6 behold ?is oak :i* re>s its head to ! cl\ds1 & ?is re$ :i* b5ds at its feet2 y d n say t efficaci\s grace has be5 giv5 to ! oak & )held f ! re$4 ,raise y\r eyes to heav52 see ! et]nal ,demi\rgos creat+ millions ( worlds1 :i* gravitate t[>ds "o ano!r by g5]al & et]nal laws4 ,see ! same light reflect$ f ! sun to ,saturn1 & f ,saturn to u2 & 9 ?is grant ( s _m />s1 urg$ onw>d 9 _! rapid c\rse2 9 ?is g5]al ob$i5ce ( all nature1 d>e to believe1 if y c1 t ,god is occupi$ 9 giv+ a v]satile grace to ,si/] ,!resa1 or a concomitant "o to ,si/] ,agnes4 ,atom--to :i* ano!r fooli% atom has said t ! ,et]nal has p>ticul> laws = "s atoms ( ?y neighborhood2 t ,he gives ,8 grace to t "o & refuses x to ?is2 t su* z _h n grace ye/]day %all h x to-morr[--repeat n ?is folly4 ,god has made ! univ]se1 & creates n new w9ds to remove a few /raws 9 "o corn] ( ! univ]se4 ,!ologians are l ! combatants 9 ,hom]1 :o believ$ t ! gods 7 sometimes arm$ = & sometimes aga9/ !m4 ,_h ,hom] n be5 consid]$ a poet1 he w\ld be deem$ a blasphem]4 ,x is ,m>cus ,aurelius :o speaks1 & n ,i2 = ,god1 :o inspires y1 has giv5 me grace to believe all t y say1 all t y h said1 & all t y w say4 ,,grave--,,gravity4 ,grave1 9 its moral mean+1 always corresponds ) its physical "o2 x expresses some?+ ( weight2 ?us1 we say--a p]son1 an au?or1 or a maxim ( weight1 = a grave p]son1 au?or1 or maxim4 ,! grave is to ! s]i\s :at ! lively is to ! agreeable4 ,x is "o degree m ( ! same ?+1 & t degree a consid]able "o4 ,a man may be s]i\s by temp]am5t1 & ev5 f want ( ideas4 ,he is grave1 ei!r f a s5se ( decorum1 or f hav+ ideas ( dep? & importance1 :i* induce gravity4 ,!re is a diff]5ce betwe5 be+ grave & be+ a grave man4 ,x is a fault to be unseasonably grave4 ,he :o is grave 9 society is seldom mu* s\ght =2 b a grave man is "o :o acquires influ5ce & au?ority m by 8 real wisdom ?an 8 ext]nal c>riage4 ,tum pietate gravem ac m]itis si =te virum quem ,conspex]e1 sil5t1 adrectisque auribus ad/ant4 --,,virgil',s neid1 i4 #aea4 ,if !n "s grave & pi\s man appe>1 ,!y hu% _! noise1 & l5d a li/5+ e>4 --,,dryd54 ,a decor\s air %\ld be always pres]v$1 b a grave air is becom+ only 9 ! function ( "s high & important (fice1 z1 = example1 9 c\ncil4 ,:5 gravity consi/s1 z is frequ5tly ! case1 only 9 ! ext]ior c>riage1 frivol\s rem>ks are deliv]$ ) a pomp\s solemnity1 excit+ at once ridicule & av]sion4 ,we d n easily p>don ^? :o wi% to impose ^u u by ?is air ( consequ5ce & self-suffici5cy4 ,! duke de ,la ,ro*ef\cauld said ,gravity is a my/]i\sness ( body assum$ 9 ord] to conceal defects ( m9d4 ,)\t inve/igat+ :e!r ! phrase my/]i\sness ( body is natural & judici\s1 x is suffici5t to obs]ve t ! rem>k is applicable to all :o affect gravity1 b n to ^? :o m]ely exhibit a gravity suitable to ! (fice !y hold1 ! place :]e !y are1 or ! bus9ess 9 :i* !y are engag$4 ,a grave au?or is "o ^: op9ions relate to matt]s obvi\sly disputable4 ,we nev] apply ! t]m to "o :o has writt5 on subjects :i* admit no d\bt or controv]sy4 ,x w\ld be ridicul\s to call ,euclid & ,ar*im$es grave au?ors4 ,gravity is applicable to /yle4 ,livy & de ,?\ h writt5 ) gravity4 ,! same obs]vations _c ) propriety be appli$ to ,tacitus1 ^: object 0 brevity1 & :o has display$ malignity2 /ill less c x be appli$ to ,c>d9al de ,retz1 :o sometimes infuses into 8 writ+s a misplac$ gayety1 & sometimes ev5 =gets dec5cy4 ,! grave /yle decl9es all sallies ( wit or pleasantry2 if x sometimes rea*es ! sublime1 if on any p>ticul> occasion x is pa!tic1 x spe$ily returns to ! didactic wisdom & noble simplicity :i* habitually *>act]izes x2 x possesses /r5g? )\t d>+4 ,its greate/ difficulty is to avoid monotony4 ,a grave affair 7affaire71 a grave case 7cas71 is us$ conc]n+ a crim9al r ?an a civil process4 ,a grave disease implies dang]4 ,,great--,,greatness4 ,( ! ,mean+ ( ,^! ,words4 ,great is "o ( ^? words :i* are mo/ frequ5tly us$ 9 a moral s5se1 & ) ! lea/ consid]ation & judgm5t4 ,great man1 great g5ius1 great capta91 great philosoph]1 great poet2 we mean by ?is language "o :o has f> exce$$ ord9>y limits4 ,b1 z x is difficult to def9e ^? limits1 ! epi!t great is (t5 appli$ to ^? :o possess only m$iocrity4 ,?is t]m is less vague & d\btful :5 appli$ to mat]ial ?an to moral subjects4 ,we "k :at is meant by a great /orm1 a great mis=tune1 a great disease1 great prop]ty1 great mis]y4 ,! t]m l>ge 7gros7 is sometimes us$ ) respect to subjects ( ! latt] description1 t is1 mat]ial ones1 z equival5t to great1 b nev] ) respect to moral subjects4 ,we say l>ge prop]ty = great weal?1 b n a l>ge capta9 = a great capta91 or a l>ge m9i/] = a great m9i/]4 ,great f9anci] means a man em95tly skilful 9 matt]s ( national f9ance2 b gros f9anci] expresses m]ely a man :o has become weal?y 9 ! dep>tm5t ( f9ance4 ,! great man is m difficult to be def9$ ?an ! great arti/4 ,9 an art or pr(ession1 ! man :o has f> di/anc$ 8 rivals1 or :o has ! reputation ( hav+ done s1 is call$ great 9 8 art1 & appe>s1 !re=e1 to h requir$ m]it ( only "o description 9 ord] to obta9 ?is em95ce2 b ! great man mu/ comb9e diff]5t species ( m]it4 ,gonsalvo1 surnam$ ! ,great ,capta91 :o obs]v$ t ! web ( honor 0 co>sely wov51 0 nev] call$ a great man4 ,x is m easy to "n ^? to :om ?is high di/9ction %\ld be refus$ ?an ^? to :om x %\ld be grant$4 ,! d5om9ation appe>s to imply "s great virtues4 ,all agree t ,cromwell 0 ! mo/ intrepid g5]al1 ! mo/ pr(\nd /atesman1 ! man be/ qualifi$ to conduct a p>ty1 a p>liam5t1 or an army1 ( 8 day2 yet no writ] ev] gives him ! title ( great man2 because1 al?\gh he possess$ great qualities1 he possess$ n a s+le great virtue4 ,?is title seems to fall to ! lot only ( ! small numb] ( m5 :o h be5 di/+ui%$ at once by virtues1 ex]tions1 & success4 ,success is ess5tial1 because ! man :o is always un=tunate is suppos$ to be s by 8 own fault4 ,great 7gr&71 by itself1 expresses "s dignity4 ,9 ,spa9 x is a high & mo/ di/+ui%+ appellative 7gr&ee7 conf]r$ by ! k+ on ^? :om he wi%es to honor4 ,! gr&ees are cov]$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! k+1 ei!r be=e speak+ to him or aft] hav+ spok5 to him1 or :ile tak+ _! seats ) ! re/4 ,*>les ! ,fif? conf]r$ ! privileges ( gr&ee%ip on sixte5 pr9cipal noblem54 ,t emp]or himself aft]w>ds grant$ ! same honors to _m o!rs4 ,8 successors1 ea* 9 8 turn1 h add$ to ! numb]4 ,! ,spani% gr&ees h long claim$ to be consid]$ ( equal rank & dignity ) ! electors & ! pr9ces ( ,italy4 ,at ! c\rt ( ,france !y h ! same honors z pe]s4 ,! title ( great has be5 always giv51 9 ,france1 to _m ( ! *ief (fic]s ( ! cr[n--z great s5es*al1 great ma/]1 great *amb]la91 great equ]ry1 great pantl]1 great huntsman1 great falcon]4 ,^! titles 7 giv5 !m to di/+ui% _! pre-em95ce above ! p]sons s]v+ 9 ! same dep>tm5ts "u !m4 ,! di/9ction is n giv5 to ! con/able1 nor to ! *ancellor1 nor to ! m>%als1 al?\gh ! con/able is ! *ief ( all ! h\sehold (fic]s1 ! *ancellor ! second p]son 9 ! /ate1 & ! m>%al ! second (fic] 9 ! army4 ,! reason obvi\sly is1 t !y _h no deputies1 no vice-con/ables1 vice-m>%als1 vice-*ancellors1 b (fic]s "u ano!r d5om9ation :o execut$ _! ord]s1 :ile ! great /ew>d1 great *amb]la91 & great equ]ry1 etc41 _h /ew>ds1 *amb]la9s1 & equ]ries "u !m4 ,great 7gr&7 9 connection ) seigneur1 great "l1 has a signification m ext5sive & unc]ta94 ,we give ?is title ( gr& seigneur 7seignor7 to ! ,turki% sultan1 :o assumes t ( pa%a1 to :i* ! expression gr& seignor does n correspond4 ,! expression un gr&1 great man1 is us$ 9 speak+ ( a man ( di/+ui%$ bir?1 inve/$ ) dignities1 b x is us$ only by ! common p4 ,a p]son ( bir? or consequ5ce nev] applies ! t]m to any "o4 ,z ! words great "l 7gr& seigneur7 are commonly appli$ to ^? :o unite bir?1 dignity1 & ri*es1 pov]ty seems to deprive a man ( ! "r to x1 or at lea/ to r5d] x inappropriate or ridicul\s4 ,accord+ly1 we say a poor g5tleman1 b n a poor gr& seigneur4 ,great 7gr&7 is diff]5t f mighty 7puissant74 ,a man may at ! same "t be bo? "o & ! o!r1 b puissant implies ! possession ( "s (fice ( p[] & consequ5ce4 ,gr& indicates m %[ & less reality2 ! puissant comm&s1 ! gr& possesses honors4 ,!re is greatness 7gr&eur7 9 m9d1 9 s5tim5ts1 9 mann]s1 & 9 conduct4 ,! expression is n us$ 9 speak+ ( p]sons 9 ! middl+ classes ( society1 b only ( ^? :o1 by _! rank1 are b\nd to %[ nobility & elevation4 ,x is p]fectly true t a man ( ! mo/ obscure bir? & connections may h m greatness ( m9d ?an a mon>*4 ,b x w\ld be inconsi/5t ) ! usual phraseology to say1 t m]*ant or t f>m] act$ greatly 7avec gr&eur72 unless1 inde$1 9 v p>ticul> circum/ances1 & plac+ c]ta9 *>act]s 9 /rik+ opposition1 we %\ld1 = example1 make su* a rem>k z ! foll[+3 ,! celebrat$ m]*ant :o ent]ta9$ ,*>les ! ,fif? 9 8 own h\se1 & light$ a fire ( c9namon wood ) t pr9ce's bond to him = fifty ?\s& ducats1 display$ m greatness ( s\l ?an ! emp]or4 ,! title ( greatness 7gr&eur7 0 =m]ly giv5 to v>i\s p]sons possess+ /ations ( dignity4 ,fr5* cl]gym51 :5 writ+ to bi%ops1 /ill call !m y\r greatness4 ,^? titles1 :i* are lavi%$ by sycophancy & caught at by vanity1 are n[ little us$4 ,haught9ess is (t5 mi/ak5 = greatness 7gr&eur74 ,he :o is o/5tati\s ( greatness displays vanity4 ,b "o becomes we>y & exhau/$ ) writ+ ab\t greatness4 ,accord+ to ! lively rem>k ( ,montaigne1 we _c obta9 x1 let u !re=e take our rev5ge by abus+ x4 ,,greek4 ,obs]vations ,^u ! ,ext9ction ( ! ,greek ,language at ,m>seilles4 ,x is exce$+ly /range t1 z ,m>seilles 0 f\nd$ by a ,greek colony1 sc>cely any ve/ige ( ! ,greek language is to be f\nd 9 ,prov5ce ,langu$oc1 or any di/rict ( ,france2 = we _c consid] z ,greek ! t]ms :i* 7 tak51 at a comp>atively mod]n date1 f ! ,lat9s1 & :i* _h be5 adopt$ by ! ,romans !mselves f ! ,greeks s _m c5turies be=e4 ,we receiv$ ^? only at second h&4 ,we h no "r to say t we ab&on$ ! ^w ,got = t ( ,!os1 r ?an t ( ,deus1 f :i*1 by a b>b>\s t]m9ation1 we h made ,dieu4 ,x is cle> t ! ,gauls1 hav+ receiv$ ! ,lat9 language ) ! ,roman laws1 & hav+ aft]w>ds receiv$ f ^? same ,romans ! ,*ri/ian religion1 adopt$ f !m all ! t]ms :i* 7 connect$ ) t religion4 ,^! same ,gauls did n acquire1 until a late p]iod1 ! ,greek t]ms :i* relate to m$ic9e1 anatomy1 & surg]y4 ,aft] d$uct+ all ! words orig9ally ,greek :i* we h d]iv$ ?r\gh ! ,lat91 & all ! anatomical & m$ical t]ms :i* 71 9 comp>ison1 s rec5tly acquir$1 !re is sc>cely any?+ left2 = surely1 to d]ive abrg] f brakus1 r ?an f abrevi>e2 aci] f axi r ?an f acies2 acre f agros1 r ?an f ag]2 & aile f ily r ?an f ala--?is1 ,i say1 w\ld surely be p]fectly ridicul\s4 ,"s h ev5 gone s f> z to say t omelette comes f omeilaton because meli 9 ,greek signifies honey1 & oon an egg4 ,9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,greek ,roots !re is a m curi\s d]ivation /ill2 x is pret5d$ t d9] 7d9n]7 comes f deipne91 :i* signifies supp]4 ,z "s may be desir\s ( possess+ a li/ ( ! ,greek words :i* ! ,m>seilles colony may h introduc$ into ! language ( ! ,gauls1 indep5d5tly ( ^? :i* came ?r\gh ! ,romans1 we pres5t ! foll[+ "o3 ,aboy]1 p]haps f bauze94 ,affre1 affreux1 f afronos4 ,agac]1 p]haps f anaxe94 ,alali1 a ,greek w>-cry4 ,babill]1 p]haps f babazo4 ,balle1 f ballo4 ,bas1 f batys4 ,bless]1 f ! aori/ ( blapto4 ,b\teille1 f b\ttis4 ,bride1 f bryt]4 ,brique1 f bryka4 ,co91 f gonia4 ,colre1 f *ole4 ,colle1 f colla4 ,c\p]1 f cop to4 ,cuisse1 p]haps f is*is4 ,entraille1 f ent]a4 ,ermite1 f eremos4 ,fi]1 f fi>os4 ,g>g>iz]1 f g>g>ize94 ,idiot1 f idiotes4 ,m>aud1 f mi>os4 ,moqu]1 f mokeuo4 ,m\/a*e1 f mu/ax4 ,orgueil1 f orge4 ,page1 f pais4 ,siffl]1 p]haps f siffloo4 ,tu]1 ?ue94 ,i am a/oni%$ to f9d s few words rema9+ ( a language spok5 at ,m>seilles1 9 ! "t ( ,augu/us1 9 all its purity2 & ,i am p>ticul>ly a/oni%$ to f9d ! great] numb] ( ! ,greek words pres]v$ 9 ,prov5ce1 signify+ ?+s ( little or no utility1 :ile ^? us$ to express ?+s ( ! fir/ necessity & importance are utt]ly lo/4 ,we h n a s+le "o rema9+ t signifies l&1 sea1 sky1 ! sun1 ! moon1 riv]s1 or ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! human body2 ! words us$ = :i* might h be5 expect$ to be transmitt$ d[n f ! beg9n+ ?r\gh e succe$+ age4 ,p]haps we mu/ attribute ! cause ( ?is to ! ,visigo?s1 ! ,burgundians1 & ! ,franks2 to ! horrible b>b>ism ( all ^? nations :i* laid wa/e ! ,roman ,empire1 a b>b>ism ( :i* s _m traces yet rema94 ,,gu>antee4 ,a gu>antee is a pl$ge by :i* a p]son r5d]s himself responsible to ano!r = some?+1 & b9ds himself to secure him 9 ! enjoym5t ( x4 ,! ^w 7g>ant7 is d]iv$ f ! ,celtic & ,teutonic w>rant4 ,9 all ! words :i* we h reta9$ f ^? anci5t languages we h *ang$ ! w into g4 ,among ! great] numb] ( ! nations ( ! ,nor? w>rant /ill signifies assurance1 gu>anty2 & 9 ?is s5se x means1 9 ,engli%1 an ord] ( ! k+1 z signify+ ! pl$ge ( ! k+4 ,:5 9 ! middle ages k+s conclud$ treaties1 !y 7 gu>ante$ on bo? sides by a consid]able numb] ( knights1 :o b\nd !mselves by oa? to see t ! treaty 0 obs]v$1 & ev51 :5 a sup]ior education qualifi$ !m to d s1 :i* sometimes happ5$1 sign$ _! names to x4 ,:5 ! emp]or ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa c$$ s _m rights to ,pope ,alex&] ,,iii4 at ! celebrat$ congress ( ,v5ice1 9 #aaag1 ! emp]or put 8 seal to ! in/rum5t :i* ! pope & c>d9als sign$4 ,twelve pr9ces ( ! empire gu>ante$ ! treaty by an oa? ^u ! gospel2 b none ( !m sign$ x4 ,x is n said t ! doge ( ,v5ice gu>ante$ t peace :i* 0 conclud$ 9 8 palace4 ,:5 ,philip ,augu/us made peace 9 #abjj ) ,k+ ,john ( ,engl&1 ! pr9cipal b>ons ( ,france & ,norm&y swore to ! due obs]vance ( x1 z caution>y or gu>antee+ p>ties4 ,! ,fr5* swore t !y w\ld take arms aga9/ _! k+ if he violat$ 8 ^w1 & ! ,normans1 9 l mann]1 to oppose _! sov]eign if he did n adh]e to 84 ,"o ( ! con/ables ( ! ,montmor5cy family1 aft] a negotiation ) "o ( ! e>ls ( ,m>*1 9 #abbg1 swore to ! obs]vance ( ! treaty ^u ! s\l ( ! k+4 ,! practice ( gu>antee+ ! /ates ( a ?ird p>ty 0 ( great antiquity1 al?\gh "u a diff]5t "n4 ,! ,romans 9 ?is mann] gu>ante$ ! possessions ( _m ( ! pr9ces ( ,asia & ,africa1 by tak+ !m "u _! protection until !y secur$ to !mselves ! possession ( ! t]ritories ?us protect$4 ,we mu/ reg>d z a mutual gu>anty ! anci5t alliance betwe5 ,france & ,ca/ile1 ( k+ to k+1 k+dom to k+dom1 & man to man4 ,we d n f9d any treaty 9 :i* ! gu>anty ( ! /ates ( a ?ird p>ty is expressly /ipulat$ = be=e t :i* 0 conclud$ betwe5 ,spa9 & ! /ates-g5]al 9 #afji1 by ! m$iation ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 ,he procur$ f ,philip ,,iii41 k+ ( ,spa91 ! recognition ( ! ,unit$ ,prov9ces z free & sov]eign /ates4 ,he sign$ ! gu>anty ( ?is sov]eignty ( ! sev5 prov9ces1 & obta9$ ! signature ( ! same in/rum5t f ! k+ ( ,spa92 & ! republic ackn[l$g$ t x ow$ its fre$om to ! int]f]5ce ( ! ,fr5* mon>*4 ,x is pr9cipally )9 our own times t treaties ( gu>anty h become comp>atively frequ5t4 ,un=tunately ^! engagem5ts h occasionally produc$ ruptures & w>2 & x is cle>ly asc]ta9$ t ! be/ ( all possible gu>anties is p[]4 ,,gregory ,,vii4 ,bayle himself1 :ile admitt+ t ,gregory 0 ! firebr& ( ,europe1 conc$es to him ! d5om9ation ( a great man4 ,t old ,rome1 says he1 :i* plum$ itself ^u conque/s & milit>y virtue1 %\ld h br\ght s _m o!r nations "u its dom9ion1 r$\nds1 accord+ to ! g5]al maxims ( mank9d1 to h] cr$it & glory2 b1 ^u ! slighte/ reflection1 c excite little surprise4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is a subject ( great surprise to see new ,rome1 :i* pret5d$ to value itself only on an apo/olic m9i/ry1 possess$ ( an au?ority "u :i* ! greate/ mon>*s h be5 con/ra9$ to b5d4 ,c>on may obs]ve1 ) tru?1 t !re is sc>cely a s+le emp]or :o has oppos$ ! popes )\t feel+ bitt] cause to regret 8 resi/ance4 ,ev5 at ! pres5t day ! conflicts ( p[]ful pr9ces ) ! c\rt ( ,rome almo/ always t]m9ate 9 _! confusion4 ,i am ( a totally diff]5t op9ion f ,bayle4 ,!re w probably be _m ( a diff]5t "o f m9e4 ,i deliv] x h[ev] ) fre$om1 & let him :o is will+ & able refute x4 #a4 ,! diff]5ces ( ! pr9ces ( ,orange & ! sev5 prov9ces ) ,rome did n t]m9ate 9 _! confusion2 & ,bayle1 :o1 :ile at ,am/]dam1 c\ld set ,rome at defiance1 0 a happy illu/ration ( ! contr>y4 ,! triumphs ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 ( ,gu/avus ,vasa 9 ,sw$51 ( ! k+s ( ,d5m>k1 ( all ! pr9ces ( ! nor? ( ,g]many1 ( ! f9e/ "p ( ,helvetia1 ( ! s+le & small city ( ,g5eva--! triumphs1 ,i say1 ( all ^! ov] ! policy ( ! ,roman c\rt are p]fectly satisfactory te/imonies t x may be easily & successfully resi/$1 bo? 9 affairs ( religion & gov]nm5t4 #b4 ,! sack+ ( ,rome by ! troops ( ,*>les ! ,fif?2 ! pope 7,clem5t ,,vii47 a prison] 9 ! ca/le ( ,/4 ,angelo2 ,l\is ,,xiv4 compell+ ,pope ,alex&] ,,vii4 to ask 8 p>don1 & erect+ ev5 9 ,rome itself a monum5t ( ! pope's submission2 &1 )9 our own times1 ! easy subv]sion ( t /eady1 & app>5tly mo/ =midable support ( ! papal p[]1 ! society ( ,jesuits 9 ,spa91 9 ,france1 9 ,naples1 9 ,goa1 & 9 ,p>aguay--all ?is furni%es decisive evid5ce1 t1 :5 pot5t pr9ces are 9 ho/ility ) ,rome1 ! qu>rel is n t]m9at$ 9 _! confusion2 !y may occasionally b5d be=e ! /orm1 b !y w n ev5tually be ov]?r[n4 ,:5 ! popes walk$ on ! heads ( k+s1 :5 !y conf]r$ cr[ns by a p>*m5t bull1 x appe>s to me1 t at ?is extreme height ( _! p[] & gr&eur !y did no m ?an ! caliphs1 :o 7 ! successors ( ,mahomet1 did 9 ! v p]iod ( _! decl9e4 ,bo? ( !m1 9 ! "* ( prie/s1 conf]r$ ! inve/iture ( empires1 9 solemn c]emony1 on ! mo/ p[]ful ( cont5d+ p>ties4 #c4 ,maimb\rg says3 ,:at no pope ev] did be=e1 ,gregory ,,viii4 did1 depriv+ ,h5ry ,,iv4 ( 8 dignity ( emp]or1 & ( 8 k+doms ( ,g]many & ,italy4 ,maimb\rg is mi/ak54 ,pope ,za*>y _h1 long be=e t1 plac$ a cr[n on ! head ( ! ,au/rasian ,pep91 :o usurp$ ! k+dom ( ! ,franks2 & ,pope ,leo ,,iii4 _h decl>$ ! son ( t ,pep9 emp]or ( ! ,we/1 & !reby depriv$ ! empress ,ir5e ( ! :ole ( t empire2 & f t "t1 x mu/ be admitt$1 !re has n be5 a s+le prie/ ( ! ,romi% *ur* :o has n imag9$ t 8 bi%op enjoy$ ! disposal ( all cr[ns4 ,?is maxim 0 always turn$ to acc\nt :5 x 0 possible to be s4 ,x 0 consid]$ z a consecrat$ weapon1 deposit$ 9 ! sacri/y ( ,/4 ,john ( ,lat]an1 :i* might be drawn =? 9 solemn & impressive c]emony on e occasion t requir$ x4 ,?is pr]ogative is s comm&+2 x raises to su* a height ! dignity ( an exorci/ born at ,velletri or ,civit ,vec*ia1 t if ,lu!r1 colampadius1 ,john ,calv91 & all ! prophets ( ! ,cv5nes1 _h be5 natives ( any mis]able village ne> ,rome1 & und]gone ! tonsure !re1 !y w\ld h support$ t *ur* ) ! same rage :i* !y actually manife/$ = its de/ruction4 #d4 ,ev]y?+1 !n1 dep5ds on ! "t & place ( a man's bir?1 & ! circum/ances by :i* he is surr\nd$4 ,gregory ,,vii4 0 born 9 an age ( b>b>ism1 ignorance1 & sup]/ition2 & he _h to deal ) a "y1 debau*$1 inexp]i5c$ emp]or1 defici5t 9 money1 & ^: p[] 0 conte/$ by all ! p[]ful lords ( ,g]many4 ,we _c believe1 t1 f ! "t ( ! ,au/rasian ,*>lemagne1 ! ,roman p ev] paid v will+ ob$i5ce to ,franks or ,teutonians3 !y hat$ !m z mu* z ! g5u9e old ,romans w\ld h hat$ ! ,cimbri1 if ! ,cimbri _h obta9$ dom9ion 9 ,italy4 ,! ,o?os _h left beh9d !m 9 ,rome a memory t 0 execrat$1 because !y _h enjoy$ great p[] !re2 &1 aft] ! "t ( ! ,o?os1 ,europe x is well kn[n became involv$ 9 frightful an>*y4 ,?is an>*y 0 n m effectually re/ra9$ "u ! emp]ors ( ! h\se ( ,franconia4 ,"o-half ( ,g]many 0 9 insurrection aga9/ ,h5ry ,,iv4 ,! c\ntess ,ma?ilda1 gr& du*ess1 8 c\s9-g]man1 m p[]ful ?an himself 9 ,italy1 0 8 mortal enemy4 ,%e possess$1 ei!r z fiefs ( ! empire1 or z allodial prop]ty1 ! :ole du*y ( ,tuscany1 ! t]ritory ( ,cremona1 ,f]r>a1 ,mantua1 & ,p>ma2 a "p ( ! ,m>*es ( ,ancona1 ,reggio1 ,mod5a1 ,spoleto1 & ,v]ona2 & %e _h rights1 t is to say pret5sions1 to ! two ,burgundies2 = ! imp]ial *anc]y claim$ ^? t]ritories1 accord+ to its regul> practice ( claim+ ev]y?+4 ,we admit1 t ,gregory ,,vii4 w\ld h be5 little less ?an an idiot _h he n ex]t$ 8 /ronge/ ef=ts to secure a complete influ5ce ov] ?is p[]ful pr9cess2 & to obta91 by h] means1 a po9t ( support & protection aga9/ ! ,g]mans4 ,he became h] director1 &1 aft] be+ h] director1 h] heir4 ,i %all n1 9 ?is place1 exam9e :e!r he 0 really h] lov]1 or :e!r he only pret5d$ to be s2 or :e!r 8 enemies m]ely pret5d$ x2 or :e!r1 9 8 idle mom5ts1 ! assum+ & ard5t little director did n occasionally abuse ! influ5ce he possess$ ) 8 p5it5t1 & prevail ov] a feeble & caprici\s woman4 ,9 ! c\rse ( human ev5ts no?+ c be m natural or common2 b z usually no regi/]s are kept ( su* cases2 z ^? int]e/+ intimacies betwe5 ! directors & direct$ d n take place be=e witnesses1 & z ,gregory has be5 reproa*$ ) ?is imputation only by 8 enemies1 we ought n to conf\nd accusation ) pro(4 ,x is q en\gh t ,gregory claim$ ! :ole ( 8 p5it5t's prop]ty4 #e4 ,! donation :i* he procur$ to be made to himself by ! c\ntess ,ma?ilda1 9 ! ye> #ajgg1 is m ?an suspect$4 ,& "o pro( t x is n to be reli$ ^u is t n m]ely 0 ?is de$ nev] %[n1 b t1 9 a second de$1 ! fir/ is /at$ to h be5 lo/4 ,x 0 pret5d$ t ! donation _h be5 made 9 ! =tress ( ,canossa1 & 9 ! second act x is said to h be5 made at ,rome4 ,^! circum/ances may be consid]$ z confirm+ ! op9ion ( "s antiqu>ies1 a little too scrupul\s1 :o ma9ta9 t out ( a ?\s& grants made 9 ^? times--& ^? times 7 ( long duration--!re are m ?an n9e hundr$ evid5tly c\nt]feit4 ,!re h be5 two sorts ( usurp]s 9 our qu>t] ( ! _w1 ,europe--robb]s & =g]s4 #f4 ,bayle1 al?\gh all[+ ! title ( ,great to ,gregory1 ackn[l$ges at ! same "t t ?is turbul5t man disgrac$ 8 h]oism by 8 prophecies4 ,he _h ! audacity to create an emp]or1 & 9 t he did well1 z ! emp]or ,h5ry ,,iv4 _h made a pope4 ,h5ry depos$ him1 & he depos$ ,h5ry4 ,s f> !re is no?+ to :i* to object--bo? sides are equal4 ,b ,gregory took x into 8 head to turn prophet2 he pr$ict$ ! dea? ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 = ! ye> #ajhj2 b ,h5ry ,,iv4 conqu]$1 & ! pret5d$ emp]or ,rudolph 0 defeat$ & sla9 9 ,?ur+ia by ! fam\s ,godfrey ( ,b\illon1 a man m truly great ?an all ! o!r ?ree4 ,?is proves1 9 my op9ion1 t ,gregory _h m en?usiasm ?an tal5t4 ,i subscribe ) all my he>t to ! rem>k ( ,bayle1 t :5 a man und]takes to pr$ict ! future1 he is provid$ aga9/ ev]y?+ by a face ( brass1 & an inexhau/ible magaz9e ( equivocations4 ,b y\r enemies d]ide y\r equivocations2 !y also h a face ( brass l y\rself2 & !y expose y z a knave1 a bragg>t1 & a fool4 #g4 ,our great man end$ 8 public c>e] ) witness+ ! tak+ ( ,rome by assault1 9 ! ye> #ajhc4 ,he 0 besieg$ 9 ! ca/le1 s9ce call$ ,/4 ,angelo1 by ! same emp]or ,h5ry ,,iv41 :om he _h d>$ to dispossess1 & di$ 9 mis]y & contempt at ,sal]no1 "u ! protection ( ,rob]t ,guisc>d ! ,norman4 ,i ask p>don ( mod]n ,rome1 b :5 ,i read ! hi/ory ( ! ,scipios1 ! ,catos1 ! ,pompeys1 & ! ,cs>s1 ,i f9d a difficulty 9 rank+ ) !m a facti\s monk :o 0 made a pope "u ! "n ( ,gregory ,,vii4 ,b our ,gregory has obta9$ ev5 a yet f9] title2 he has be5 made a sa9t1 at lea/ at ,rome4 ,x 0 ! fam\s c>d9al ,coscia :o effect$ ?is canonization "u ,pope ,b5$ict ,,xiii4 ,ev5 an (fice or s]vice ( ,/4 ,gregory ,,vii4 0 pr9t$1 9 :i* x 0 said1 t t sa9t absolv$ ! fai?ful f ! allegiance :i* !y _h sworn to _! emp]or4 ,_m p>liam5ts ( ! k+dom 7 desir\s ( hav+ ?is leg5d burn$ by ! execution]3 b ,b5tivoglio1 ! nuncio--:o kept "o ( ! actresses at ! op]a1 ( ! "n ( ,con/itution1 z 8 mi/ress1 & _h by h] a daught] call$ la ,leg5de2 a man o!rwise extremely amiable1 & a mo/ int]e/+ companion--procur$ f ! m9i/ry a mitigation ( ! ?reat5$ /orm2 &1 aft] pass+ s5t5ce ( condemnation on ! leg5d ( ,/4 ,gregory1 ! ho/ile p>ty 7 cont5t$ to suppress x & to laugh at x4