,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,brew+ ,,(      
,,be]1 c4 c4   ,a ,sav+ ( ,tw5ty p]     
,c5t4  ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,brew+   
,,( ,,be]1  ,,:]e9 ,,is ,,prov$  ,t "o  
,bu%el ( ,malt w produce a ,gallon (    
,be] m ?an ano!r ,bu%el ( an equal      
,/r5g?1 al?\gh bo? ,malts be made ( "o  
,sort or ,species ( ,b>ley4  ,9 ?is "w w
 be f\nd "s pr(itable & necess>y        
directions to ,malt/]s4  ,improvem5ts 9 
! ,brew-h\se1 & ,brew+ ,ut5sils4  ,%[+ !
 cause :at makes h>d & s\r ,be]4        
,directions = prev5t+ ,be] f becom+ s\r 
or fox$1 ev5 if us$ 9 ! w>me/ ,season4  
,,also  ,directions 9 :at ,/ate to      
cleanse ! ,be]1 s z to h x f9e )\t us+  
any art or device :atsoev]2 & = !       
,managem5t ( ! ,be] 9 ! ,cell>4  ,"s    
,obs]vations 9 ! ,*oice ( ,,hops2       
,prov+ t !y are useful aft] !y h be5 us$
 9 brew+4  ,! diff]5t ,exp]im5ts are f  
,tw5ty ,ye>s ,practice4   ,by ,e4       
,,hughes4   -- ,"s v useful & necess>y  
directions to ! ,publican :o retails    
,common ,brew]'s ,be]4  ,,second        

,,edition4  ,,uxbridge3  ,,pr9t$ ,,= ,,!
 ,,au?or1 ,,& ,,sold ,,by ,t4 ,,lake4   
,,sold ,,also ,,by ,e4 ,,newb]y1 ,,/4   
,,paul',s ,,*ur* ,,y>d1 ,,london1 ,,&   
,,all ,,booksell]s ,,9 ,,t[n ,,or       
,,c\ntry4  #agif4     ,,preface4   ,!   
fir/ edition ( ?is treatise met )       
enc\ragem5t en\gh to flatt] me t ,i _h  
left no room to improve x3 b1 enc\rag$  
by ! satisfaction my fri5ds 0 pleas$ to 
express ( its utility to ! public1 ,i h 
be5 induc$ to make e improvem5t ,i c\ld 
collect4  ,be=e ,i presum$ to (f] ?is   
small treatise to ! public1 ! diff]5t   
modes & me?ods1 "h recomm5d$1 ,i h prov$
 by diff]5t exp]im5ts1 :i* ,i flatt]    
myself w be f\nd ( utility1 p>ticul>ly  
to private families1 especially f>m]s1  
because _! s]vants h v little kn[lege ( 
brew+1 _! "t be+ s mu* employ$ 9 o!r    
bus9ess1 & s frequ5tly are !y *ang+ _!  
employ t !y are r5d]$ incapable ( be+   
compet5t 9 brew+4 ,i d n presume to     
dictate to ^? :o are pr(ici5ts2 b x mu/ 
be ackn[leg$ t good malt is frequ5tly   

m>r$ 9 brew+ by p]sons :o h v little or 
no kn[lege ( brew+1 & ,i flatt] myself t
 by a p]usal ( ?is treatise x w enable  
!m to be m compet5t 9 mak+ ! be/ ( !    
malt intru/$ to _! c>e1 to ! great]     
satisfaction & b5efit ( _! employ]s4    
,wat]s hav+ a great pr$om9ance 9 brew+1 
,i h giv5 directions 9 ! *oice &        
improvem5t ( !m4  ,! improvem5ts 9 !    
brew+ ut5sils w be att5d$ ) "s exp5ce1 b
 ! utility aris+ !refrom w soon make    
am5ds4  ,i h tak5 ! lib]ty to admoni% ! 
retail] ( common brew]'s be]1 because1 f
 _! inatt5tion 9 manag+ ! be] aft] x    
comes into _! /ock or possession1 !     
blame1 if any1 is imput$ to ! brew] b ,i
 am fully conv9c$ to ! contr>y1 f !     
almo/ daily practice ( ! common brew]1 &
 _! malt be+ ( ! fir/ quality1 z c\ntry 
brew]s g5]ally make _! own malt1 & t f !
 be/ b>ley1 toge!r ) ! conv5i5cy ( _!   
ut5sils1 enables !m to h ! advantage (  
mo/ private families t brew _! own be]2 
!re=e x pr9cipally dep5ds on ! conduct (
 ! publican z to ! quality ( ! be]1 aft]

 x comes into 8 /ock1 or possession4  ,i
 h tak5 ! lib]ty to give "s directions 9
 ! *oice ( malt1 n t ,i mean to *all5ge 
! malt/]1 or give him directions 9 !    
managem5t ( 8 corn1 except 9 ! dry+4 ,i 
presume if malt is n att5d$ to on ! kiln
 & p]fectly s\nd dri$1 x nev] w produce 
good & :olesome be]4  ,e4 ,,hughes4     
,sep4 #c1 #agif4     ,a ,,treatise4     
,on ,wat]s4   ,wat]s diff] 9 _! quality1
 t is to say1 9 extract+ ! goodness f ! 
,malt2 x is1 !re=e1 v necess>y = e "o :o
 pr(esses ! brew+ ( ,be]1 to be well    
acqua9t$ ) ! nature & quality ( ! ,wat] 
he brews )2 = z ! quality ( ! wat] is1 s
 dep5ds ! brew+ ( be]4 ,i am fully      
p]suad$ t wat]s s diff] 9 quality1 !y w 
v mu* add or dim9i% ! quantity & quality
 ( ! be]4  ,well ,wat]s ought n to be   
us$ only 9 cases ( necessity1 :5 wat]s (
 a s(t] quality _c be procur$3 ! well   
wat] %\ld be pump$ into tubs1 or any    
conv5i5t vessel t is clean & sweet4 ,x  
is a cu/om ) _m to fill ! copp] a day or
 two1 & sometimes long]1 be=e !y beg9 ! 

op]ation ( brew+1 b ?is ,i /rongly =bid2
 = a liquid _c be too %ort a "t 9 !     
copp]1 except x is 9 a boil+ /ate2 my   
reasons = ?is ,i %all po9t out 9 ano!r  
"p ( ?is treatise4 ,i w\ld recomm5d fre%
 bran to be put into ! well wat] :il/ 9 
! tubs1 & n[ & !n give x a /ir1 ?is w   
cause a sort ( f]m5tation1 & w likewise 
s(t5 ! wat]4  ,! "t = keep+ wat] 9 !    
tubs mu/ dep5d ^u ! season ( ! ye>3 if 9
 w9t]1 or mod]ate cool wea!r1 a week w n
 be too long2 b if 9 summ]1 two days w  
be suffici5t4  ,spr+ or ,riv] ,wat] is  
f> pref]able to ,well ,wat]1 b riv] or  
spr+ wat]s diff] v mu* 9 _! s(tness1 & t
 :i* w la!r be/ ) soap is a conv9c+     
pro(1 & is to be pref]$ = brew+2 =1     
,fir/1--,x w leave ! gra9s dry] ?an well
 wat] ( a h>%] quality4  ,secondly1--,! 
be] w come to a quick] f]m5tation 9 !   
tun2 &1  ,?irdly1--,x w also f9e itself 
mu* soon] 9 ! cask1 ?an if brew$ f well 
wat]4  ,ra9 ,wat]1 su* z runs (f til$   
ro(s1 is1 und\bt$ly1 to be pref]$ be=e  
well or riv] wat] 9 brew+1 be+ ( a      

simple & s(t nature4  ,!re is "o v great
 object to ! int]e/ ( ! brew]2--,be]1   
brew$ ) ra9 or riv] wat]1 w be /rong]   
?an be] brew$ ) well wat] f an equal    
quantity ( ,malt1 because x w h a fre]  
access to ! ,malt2 &1 z ,i said be=e1 x 
w leave ! gra9s mu* dry] ?an well wat]1 
:i* is conv9c+1 ! dry] ! gra9s are1 !   
bett] w be ! be]4  ,_m p]sons v mu*     
pref] ,pond ,wat]s1 su* t are frequ5tly 
di/urb$ by horses & o!r cattle1 :i*     
g5]ally causes x to be 9 a ?ick muddy   
/ate2 b ! s$im5ts ( ?is ?ick muddy wat] 
mu/ be f\nd prejudicial2 = :5 ! wort is 
empti$ out ( ! cool+ tubs into ! work+  
tun1 or runn+ f ! cool]s into ! tun1 a  
"p ( ! s$im5t1 f ! f\lness ( ! wat]1 w  
foll[ ! wort into ! tun1 consequ5tly !  
yea/ w be 9 a f\l /ate & _c be ( t      
utility 9 bak+1 z ?\gh ! brew+ _h be5 f 
pure clean wat]4  ,!re is a great       
difficulty (t5 happ5s 9 mak+ be] come to
 a f]m5tation 9 ! tun2 ?is1 ,i v]ily    
believe1 is pr9cipally ow+ to ! h>dness 
( ! wat] x is brew$ )4   ,"s            

,obs]vations on ! ,gr9d+ ( ,malt4  ,mu* 
dep5ds on ! gr9d+ ( ,malt4 ,_m p give   
directions to h _! malt gr\nd small1    
hav+ an idea t ! wat] w mix itself )1 & 
h a m free access to x1 ?an :5 gr\nd 9 a
 m co>s] /ate2 b ?is idea is v errone\s4
 ,malt %\ld be only broke 9 ! ,mill1 t  
is1 if possible1 e corn %\ld be only    
bruis$2 malt gr\nd 9 ?is mann] w dis*>ge
 ! wort 9 a f9e /ate ?r\gh\t ! :ole     
brew+4  ,i h kn[n _m p]sons neglect giv+
 ord]s = _! malt till ! day be=e !y     
int5d to brew2 b malt %\ld be gr\nd f\r 
or five days1 or a week w\ld n be too   
long = br[n malt1 b great c>e mu/ be    
tak5 to keep x 9 a dry place4  ,malt1   
gr\nd a reasonable "t be=e x is us$1    
loses ! heat :i* x receives 9 gr9d+1 &  
r$uces x to a s(t & mell[ /ate2 x w     
receive ! wat] m freely1 & a great]     
quantity ( wort may be made ?an if x 0  
brew$ imm$iately aft] x 0 gr\nd4 ,! be] 
w also "w mu* bett] 9 ! tun & 9 less "t 
become fit = use ?an if brew$ z soon z x
 comes f ! mill4 ,?is is prov$ by good  

h\sekeep]s1 :o h _! :eat gr\nd two or   
?ree days be=e !y use x2 = by los+ !    
heat x receives f ! mill 9 gr9d+1 ! fl\r
 w be light]1 & receive ! yea/ & wat] m 
freely1 ?an if us$ imm$iately f ! mill4 
,brew+ is g5]ally left to ! c>e (       
s]vants1 p>ticul>ly 9 f>m h\ses1 :o     
frequ5tly h at ! same "t o!r bus9ess to 
p]=m1 :i* too frequ5tly causes ! brew+  
to be neglect$1 p>ticul>ly 9 its fir/   
/age4 ,! ma% 9 ?is fir/ /age det]m9es ! 
:ole ( ! brew+1 = ! malt ought to be    
well mix$ up ) ! wat]1 :i* w cause "s "t
 & lab\r2 !re=e ! p]son employ$ 9 brew+ 
%\ld n1 on t day1 h any o!r bus9ess to  
p]=m1 s z to engross any "t or att5tion 
f ! brew+1 = any "p neglect$ may m> !   
:ole1 :i* is too frequ5tly ! case4      
,improvem5ts 9 ! ,ma% ,tun4  ,ma% ,tuns 
%\ld h false bottoms1 to take up z      
occasion may require2--!y %\ld be ab\t  
two in*es cle> ( ! fix$ bottom1 ) holes 
!re91 ab\t a six? "p ( an in* 9 diamet]4
 ,! false bottom answ]s two good        
purposes2  ,fir/1--,y may be m exp$iti\s

 9 ma%+1 by hav+ a free access to all   
p>ts ( ! ma% tun1 :i*1 ) a tap vase or  
"s su* l in/rum5t be+ 9 ! ma% tun1 w    
imp$e ! /irr+ ( ! ma%1 !re=e "s "p ( !  
malt w n be mix$ ) ! wat]4              
,secondly1--,! false bottom w dra9 !    
gra9s dry] ?an ! tap vase1 & 9 ! fix$   
bottom !re w be a s$im5t left1 :i*1 ) "o
 bottom only1 w\ld h pass$ ?r\gh ! tap  
vase1 & a "p ( x accompani$ ! wort d[n  
into ! tun4 ,?is w answ] ano!r good     
purpose2 = ! s$im5t n accompany+ ! wort 
into ! copp]1 x w want less boil+1 z x w
 break soon] & f9e itself4      ,note4  
,:]e ! false bottom is us$ ! tap mu/    
sp5d     ?r\gh a cock at ! bottom ( !   
tun4 ,! holes 9 ! false     bottom may  
be ab\t ?ree or f\r in*es di/ance f ea* 
o!r4  ,fail n to boil y\r wat] six or   
eight m9utes1 !n let x into ! ma% tun2  
if "t w p]mit1 d n put y\r malt 9 = ma%+
 till ! /eam has escap$ & y c see y\r   
face 9 ! wat]2 b if "t w n admit ( ?is1 
add ab\t "o gallon ( cold wat] to       
eighte5 gallons ( hot4 ,:il/ y put y\r  

malt into ! tun1 let a p]son /ir x to   
prev5t its clott+1 !n well ma% x1 & let 
! ma% /& two h\rs at lea/4 ,! second ma%
 ne$ n /& s long z ! fir/4 ,if conv5i5t1
 always make use ( hot wat] = y\r small 
be]1 = by boil+ ! wat] a few m9utes x w 
s(t5 x1 & w cause x to h a m free access
 to ! malt1 & ! wort w require less     
boil+4   ,boil+ ( ! ,worts4  ,_m brew]s 
boil _! worts f "o to two h\rs2 ?is is v
 mu* practis$ 9 private families2--a    
great "p ( ! "t ! wort is 9 a simm]+    
/ate ! fire p]haps is n att5d$ to1 !    
p]son :o has ! c>e ( ! brew+ is1 z ,i   
said be=e1 frequ5tly employ$ 9 "s o!r   
bus9ess1 !re=e ?is v mat]ial "p is      
neglect$3 ,z soon z ! wort is 9 ! copp] 
x %\ld be made to boil z quick z        
possible1 & a brisk fire %\ld be kept "u
 ! copp] to cause ! wort to boil z fa/ z
 possible1 = fa/ boil+ w cause ! wort to
 break & f9e itself mu* soon] ?an x w\ld
 if kept 9 a sl[ boil+ /ate4 ,?irty or  
=ty m9utes w be suffici5t to boil ale1 &
 "o h\r if /rong be]4 ,?is quick boil+ w

 cause a sav+ ( "o gallon 9 tw5ty1 at   
lea/1 :i* mu/ be ackn[leg$ a great      
advantage1 consid]+ ! pres5t high price 
( malt4  ,i w presume to say !re w be a 
sav+ 9 ! wood or coal by boil+ ! wort1 z
 is commonly said1 a gallop1 :5 x rises 
itself consid]ably above ! copp]4  ,!   
copp] %\ld h a curve made ( wood1 fix$  
r\nd ! brim1 to prev5t ! wort f be+     
spilt :5 boil+2 or ! copp] %\ld be s    
hung1 ) a %eet ( lead fix$ r\nd ! brim 9
 a slop+ position1 t :5 ! wort is ha/ily
 boil+1 x w\ld fall on ! lead &         
imm$iately return into ! copp]1 !re=e x 
w\ld prev5t ! wort f wa/+ or boil+ ov]4 
,cool+ ( ! ,worts4  ,z soon z ! wort is 
out ( ! copp] ! next ?+ is to get ! heat
 out z soon z possible1 & to get x 9 a  
/ate = f]m5tation4 ,mo/ private brew]s1 
& _m victuall]s1 sep>ate _! worts into  
tubs1 b[ls1 pans1 c4 = cool+2 ,i h se5  
wort 9 no less ?an twelve or sixte5     
diff]5t ut5sils2 worts be+ ( a /icky    
quality1 x mu/ be ackn[leg$ t a loss is 
su/a9$ by hav+ ! wort 9 s _m ut5sils1 & 

also v inconv5i5t to p\r ! wort f ! tubs
 & pans into ! work+ tun2 = 9 ea* ( !   
be=e m5tion$ ut5sils w be a s$im5t1 :i* 
too frequ5tly foll[s ! wort into ! work+
 tun4  ,n[ to prev5t ! use ( all ^!     
small ut5sils1 a brew-h\se1 ?\gh ev] s  
small1 w admit ( two cool]s be+ erect$2 
= two cool]s w take up ne>ly ! same room
 9 ! brew-h\se z if only "o 7 to be     
erect$2 = "o cool] %\ld be ne>ly        
und]nea? ! o!r1 s t ! second cool] may  
receive ! wort f ! fir/4 ,c>e mu/ be    
tak5 9 fix+ ! cool]s1 s z to admit !    
work+ tun und]nea? ! cool]s1 to receive 
! wort3 b ?is ne$ n be consult$ :]e !re 
is a conv5i5cy to convey ! worts & "w !m
 9 ! cell>4      ,note4 ,a victuall] is 
compell$ by law n to alt] !     position
 ( 8 cool]s )\t giv+ notice to ! excise 
(fic]2--n[ private families h !         
advantage1--!y may h     _! cool]s fix$ 
9 ! brew-h\se1 or to lay on tre/les1 &  
move !m to any "p1 z occasion may       
require4  ,! size ( ! cool]s mu/ s      
correspond ) ! quantity ( malt brew$1 t 

9 w>m wea!r ! worts d n exce$ two in*es 
9 dep? 9 ! cool]s2 = 9 summ] brew+ !    
heat _c too soon escape f ! worts2 & ?is
 is ! evil--n hav+ a conv5i5cy to       
sep>ate ! worts 9 a ?9 /ate1 ! brew] has
 n be5 able to get ! heat out1--he has  
let ! wort d[n into ! work+ tun 9 a w>m 
/ate1 :i* has (t5 br\ght on ! fox1 9 a  
%ort "t became s\r1 & r5d]$ unfit =     
dr9k+4  ,! read] w obs]ve t brew+ 9 w>m 
wea!r ought to be avoid$ z mu* z        
possible2 = ! cool]s or tubs 9 w>m wea!r
 be+ 9 a v dry /ate1 & ! worts be+ a    
long "t cool+1 t1 at lea/1 "o gallon 9  
=ty w exhau/ itself4  ,i %all po9t out  
"o m improvem5t = cool+ ! worts m       
exp$iti\sly3 ,9 _m brew-h\ses !re is no 
conv5i5cy1 :5 ! worts come out ( !      
copp]1 = ! /eam to escape out ( !       
brew-h\se1 b w cont9ue = a "t 9 a ?ick  
cl\dy /ate1 to ! great detrim5t ( !     
worts3--to rem$y ?is1 ,i w\ld recomm5d  
flap %utt]s to be erect$ 9 z _m p>ts ( !
 brew-h\se z conv5i5t1 & ! build+ w     
admit2 ! flap %utt]s w p]mit ! /eam to  

escape & v rapidly cool ! worts4 ,^!    
%utt]s are z conv5i5t 9 ! w9t]1 or :5 ! 
wea!r is mod]ately cool1 = !y are s     
contriv$ t y may set !m to :at c5tre y  
please4  ,f ^! improvem5ts ! brew+ w be 
m exp$iti\sly p]=m$1 z ! worts w1 (     
c\rse1 f ?is conv5i5cy1 mu* soon] make  
way = ! small be]1 & totally prev5t its 
be+ left 9 ! copp] all night1 :i* is too
 (t5 practis$1 to ! injury ( ^? :o dr9k 
x1 z x w n be f9e1 b rema9 9 a ?ick wey 
col\r1 :i* is ow+ to its be+ 9 ! copp]  
too long1 & n be+ kept 9 a boil+ /ate2 =
 if a copp] has be5 9 use tw5ty ye>s x w
 at times %ew symtoms ( ! v]digrease1   
:i* is a suffici5t v\*] t ! wort _c be  
too %ort a "t 9 ! copp]1 except :5      
boil+4  ,cool]s w la/ _m ye>s )\t       
repair+2 :51 on ! contr>y1 cool+ tubs1  
c4 are frequ5tly out ( repair1 & are z  
lumb]1 be+ ( little or no use1 except :5
 us$ 9 brew+4  ,f ! be=e m5tion$        
improvem5ts y w always f9i% y\r brew+   
be=e a late h\r at night1 :i* w enable y
 to pay ! m att5tion to ! worts 9 !     

tuns1 c4  ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to keep !   
brew+ ut5sils z clean & z sweet z ^? us$
 9 a dairy2 = )\t cleanl9ess x is       
impossible to h y\r be] 9 a good &      
:olesome /ate4  ,! copp] %\ld be clean$ 
aft] ea* brew+1 z x w keep x bright2 :5 
x is us$ b seldom1 & 9 wet or damp      
wea!r1 ! v]digrease w appe>1 b c>e %\ld 
be tak5 to exam9e & clean x1 previ\s to 
! w>i]'s be+ put 9 = brew+4  ,x (t5     
happ5s1 :]e ! ma% tun is n us$ = a work+
 tun1 ! gra9s are left 9 ! ma% tun till 
! next morn+1 !y w !n be 9 a s\r /ate2  
!re=e ! tun %\ld be scald$ be=e ! next  
brew+4 ,if 9 v w>m wea!r1 "s quick lime1
 t is1 lime n slack$1 w be necess>y1 by 
add+ "s wat] to dissolve x to ! same    
consi/5ce z us$ = a :ite-wa%2 !n ) a mop
 or bru% wet ! tun ) ! lime l unto      
:ite-wa%+2 aft] ! lime has be5 on ab\t a
 day x may be wa%$ (f4  ,mu* c>e %\ld be
 tak5 to keep ! cool]s & work+ tuns 9 a 
clean /ate1 by frequ5tly scald+2 x w be 
necess>y 9 w>m wea!r to lime ! cool]s & 
work+ tuns2--?is is an excell5t rem$y   

:]e ! cool]s & tuns are t+$ ) ! fox1 z  
also a prev5tative aga9/ t fulsome      
compla9t4 ,exp]i5ce w in=m y t ! use (  
lime is excell5t 9 clean+ ! ut5sils4    
,:5 y soak ! cool]s1 c4 previ\s to      
brew+1 add "s lime to ! wat]1 z x w se>*
 & purge ! jo9ts ( ! cool]s & tubs1 by  
clean+ !m f disagreeable smells4        
,p>ticul> att5tion %\ld be paid to !    
cool+ ( ! worts1 by hav+ cool]s z be=e  
m5tion$4 ,y may let y\r worts d[n into !
 tun z quick or z sl[ z y please & z !  
season may require2 9 v cold wea!r x    
%\ld g d[n into ! tun f ! cool] by a    
good /ream1 z ! worts require to g d[n  
into ! tun 9 a w>m /ate1 p>ticul>ly :5  
!re is b a small quantity brew$4 ,9     
summ] brew+ y\r worts w require to g d[n
 into ! tun 9 a cold /ate2 h[ev] x w be 
mu* ! be/ = !m to be cold ?an too w>m1  
!re=e y %\ld set ! cock or plug to      
dis*>ge ! worts f ! cool]s into ! tun b 
sl[ & dribbl+2 = by go+ d[n sl[ly x w   
prev5t a ha/y f]m5tation1 & consequ5tly 
w h ! good effect to prev5t y\r tun (   

be] f be+ fox$2 !re=e x mu/ be all[$ to 
be conv5i5t & necess>y to h cool]s      
erect$1 z ! worts w g d[n into ! tun 9  
almo/ "o regul> degree ( heat4  ,on !   
contr>y1 :5 worts are cool$ 9 tubs1     
pans1 c4 !y are empti$ into ! work+ tun 
9 diff]5t degrees ( heat1 "o aft] ano!r2
 p]haps 9 "s ( ^! cool+ tubs or pans !  
worts are two or ?ree in*es 9 dep?2 9   
o!rs1 six or sev5 in*es2 !re=e ! worts w
 be ( diff]5t degrees ( heat1 & by hav+ 
"p ( ! worts let d[n into ! tun mu* w>m]
 ?an ^? already d[n1 & :i*1 p]haps1 are 
9 a f]m5tation1 ^? worts w1 ( c\rse1    
cause a f]m5tation too ha/ily1--w       
frequ5tly cause ! tun ( be] to be fox$1 
& w always be 9 a heavy /ate1 = ! yea/ w
 n sep>ate itself f ! be]2 ?is r5d]s !  
cool]s m necess>y & conv5i5t4   ,att5d+ 
! ,work+ ,tun4  ,att5tion %\ld be paid  
to ! be] :5 9 ! tun4 ,x is a cu/om ) _m 
brew]s to put _! yea/ = t brew+ into !  
tun at "o "t3 ,i w prove t practice to  
be v errone\s2 = by add+ ! quantity (   
yea/ y int5d to use at "o "t1 may cause 

a f]m5tation too ha/ily1 & !n y h no    
rem$y4 ,y %\ld fe$ y\r tun ) yea/ by    
add+ a little at a "t1 z occasion may   
require1 = by s do+ y w always be ma/] (
 y\r tun ( be]1 by hav+ x 9 :at /ate (  
f]m5tation y please2 z ! quality ( malt 
& wat]s diff]1 x w require m or less    
yea/ to f]m5t x1 & by add+ ! yea/ at    
diff]5t times y w be enabl$ to =m su* a 
judgm5t z nev] to ov]-yea/ y\r tun4 ,e  
"t y add m yea/ y %\ld /ir y\r be] ) a  
b[l or bucket4   ,cleans+4  ,x is a     
practice ) _m p to keep _! be] 9 ! tun f
 f\r to six days2 by t "t ! yea/ w fall 
to ! bottom ( ! tun1 & ! be] w be 9 a   
flat1 dead /ate2 x w always be heady    
be]1 be+ kept s long be=e x is cleans$2 
x w n be incl9$ to "w 9 ! casks1 nor w x
 dr9k ) a pleasant1 lively ta/e4 ,!re is
 no com+ at any exact "t1 ) respect to  
h\rs1 :5 y\r be] w be ready to cleanse1 
!re=e ?is mu/ be done by att5tion1 9    
frequ5tly exam9+ :5 y\r be] is at its   
full head ( work+1 or :at is commonly   
said1 r incl9$ to g back2 :5 x is 9 t   

/ate x %\ld be cleans$ imm$iately4 ,?is1
 ,i say1 %\ld be att5d$ to1 not)/&+ x   
%\ld happ5 at twelve o'clock at night2 =
 ?is is ! evil1 by neglect+ ! prop] "t  
to cleanse y\r be] x w n be able to f9e 
itself 9 ! casks1 & !n "s device mu/ be 
us$ to f9e x1 :i* is too (t5 injuri\s to
 ! be]4   ,a v necess>y ,caution4  ,x is
 a common practice1 :5 casks are scald$ 
or cleans$1 to expose !m to ! sun & w9d 
to dry1 & !re leave !m till ! "t (      
cleans+1 !n !y are plac$ 9 ! cell>1 c4 &
 ! be] imm$iately cleans$ into !m2 :5 ! 
sun1 9 w>m wea!r1 has p5etrat$ ?r\gh !  
wood & become s w>m t y _c conv5i5tly   
lay y\r h& ^u !m2 ?is is (t5 done       
un?9k+ly1 b ! casks be+ ?us heat$ by !  
sun causes ! be] to "w too ha/ily2 aft] 
all ! c>e & pa9s be=e tak51 x "h        
receives a mat]ial injury1 by hav+1 z   
may be said1 und]gone a second          
f]m5tation1 & w r$uce its /r5g? by work+
 too ha/ily out ( ! casks1 & v probably 
may be ! cause ( its n be+ s(t &        
pleasant2 h[ev]1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to get

 y\r casks p]fectly dry1 previ\s to !   
cleans+ into !m2 9 hot wea!r place !m 9 
! cell>1 c4 "s "t be=e y h occasion to  
cleanse y\r be] into !m4  ,att5tion %\ld
 be paid 9 keep+ y\r casks fill$ up aft]
 cleans+1 to enable ! yea/ to dis*>ge   
itself f ! be]1 = by s do+ !re w be !   
great] probability ( y\r be] be+ f9e2 if
 ! casks are n kept fill$ up :5 work+1 !
 yea/ _c dis*>ge itself f ! be]1 :i*1 9 
*ange ( wea!r1 w be purg+ & hiss+ 9 !   
casks1 & w cause x to be h>% &          
unpleasant2 ?is is ! pr9cipal cause :y  
we h s _m muddy ales4 ,att5d+ y\r be] :5
 work+1 by fill+ up ! casks1 w be f\nd  
to be ( ! greate/ utility1 z y w h no   
occasion to use any device to f9e y\r   
be]1 :i* w only att5d to adult]ation4   
,small ,be]4  ,z ,i said be=e1 small be]
 is too frequ5tly neglect$1 because !   
ma/] or mi/ress ( a family dr9k b a     
small quantity ( x4 ,i v]ily believe !re
 w\ld be less good small be] consum$ 9 a
 family ( s]vants & workm51 ?an if x 7  
inf]ior & bad 9 its quality4 ,x may be  

?\ght /range by add+ ! "n ( good to     
small be]1 b x mu/ be ackn[leg$ t !re is
 a great disp>ity 9 ! quality ( ales1 & 
:y n 9 small be]2 on ! "o h&1 x c]ta9ly 
dep5ds on :at l5g? y draw f quantity (  
malt4  ,small be] %\ld be let d[n into !
 tun mu* w>m] ?an ale2 & z soon z x %ews
 an incl9ation to "w x %\ld be cleans$2 
x w !n "w well 9 ! casks1 & w h a quick1
 lively ta/e4 ,small be]1 n hav+ a      
suffici5t /r5g?1 _c support a long      
f]m5tation 9 ! tun3 = if x is work$     
cold1 & left too long 9 ! tun1 x w dr9k 
flat & unpleasant4  ,n[1 z ,i said be=e1
 !re w be no m good small be] consum$ 9 
a family1 ?an if x 7 ev] s bad2 = :5 a  
workman or s]vant has occasion = a pot (
 small be]1 if bad1 he w1 p]haps1 dr9k a
 "p ( x1 & ?r[ ! rema9d] away1 &1 v     
likely1 c>elessly leave ! cock dropp+1 9
 ord] to get rid ( su* a bad commodity !
 soon]4 ,n[1 on ! o!r h&1 if ! small be]
 0 good1 ! consum]s w\ld take c>e to    
leave ! cock1 c4 secure1 well kn[+ !y   
%\ld n h a bett] sub/itute4             

,cleanl9ess 9 ! ,cell>4  ,c>e %\ld be   
tak5 to keep ! cell> clean1 7especially 
^? :o are situat$ ne> ! s\? aspect2 or  
%all[1 :]e ! sun has any p[]17 by scrap+
 ! yea/ f ! bung-holes ( ! casks2 else 9
 w>m wea!r x w smell (f5sive1 & insects 
w bre$ !re91 :i* mu/ be injuri\s to !   
be]1 if ! bung-holes are op54  ,! dropp+
 ( ! cock1 tap tubs1 c4 w cause fulsome 
smells 9 ! cell>1 :i* frequ5tly require 
to be wa%$ d[n2 = wa%+ & clean+ y\r     
cell> (t51 w keep y\r be] 9 a cool /ate1
 & w be ! means ( prev5t+ mild ale f    
becom+ /ale4  ,put "s hops into y\r ale 
& small be] casks a few days be=e y want
 to tap !m = use2 ev5 ^? hops t h       
already be5 us$ 9 brew+ w be f\nd       
s]viceable 9 f9+ y\r be]1 & w n cause x 
to be too bitt]1 b w prev5t y\r small   
be] f becom+ s\r4 ,not)/&+ _! be+ us$ 9 
brew+1 !y w be f\nd by exp]i5ce to be v 
s]viceable = ! purpose be=e m5tion$4    
,ano!r advantage w arise1 !y w s]ve !   
use ( fre% hops1 :i*1 :5 de>1 w be f\nd 
to be a consid]able sav+4      ,note4   

,!y are recomm5d$ = be] t is = pres5t   
dr9k+1 z !y _c be expect$ to be         
suffici5t = be]     int5d$ = a long /&+4
  ,ano!r advantage w be f\nd :5 a l5g? (
 ale is brew$1 & no small be] made1 !   
hops w !n be f\nd ( great] utility1 z !y
 w conta9 ! same quality z ! ale !y 7   
brew$ )2 consequ5tly ! ale & small be]  
!y are put into w receive a great]      
advantage !refrom4  ,?is may n seem     
consi/5t1 z mild ales & small be] seldom
 h any hops put into ! casks2 b :5 a    
cask ( be] is a consid]able "t at tap1 x
 w c]ta9ly want some?+ to fe$ on2 ?is is
 "o cause :y small be] g5]ally turns s\r
 :5 x is ne>ly out2 n[ by us+ ! be=e    
m5tion$ hops x w be f\nd to be a        
consid]able rem$y to prev5t bo? mild    
ales & small be] f be+ h>d & unpleasant4
  ,! read] w obs]ve1 ^! hops hav+ p]=m$ 
_! duty1 !y are ( no exp5se1 only !     
tr\ble ( putt+ !m into ! casks4 ,! small
 be] mu/ d]ive a consid]able advantage f
 ^? hops :5 a guile ( ale 0 only brew$ f
 !m4 ,take c>e to put !m into ! casks z 

soon z !y are cold1 = by be+ too long   
expos$ to ! air !y w lose _! virtue4  ,i
 %\ld n h said s mu* conc]n+ small be]1 
b ! price ( malt is s consid]ably       
advanc$1 to :at x 0 =m]ly1 t small be]  
is become an exp5sive article1 :]e !re  
is a num]\s family4  ,if y obs]ve ! be=e
 m5tion$ directions y w n h y\r small   
be] s unpleasant1 p>ticul>ly :5 y\r cask
 is ne>ly out4  ,! mo/ :olesome small   
be] is made f an intire guile ( small1 =
 !n y h ! :ole ( ! _s & sweetness ( !   
malt2 x w keep bett] & dr9k mu* fre%]   
?an if x 7 to be made f ! goods aft] a  
l5g? ( ale4  ,if y rack y\r be]1 fail n 
to put "s hops into ! casks1 wett+ !m   
fir/ ) "s ( ! same be]1 or r wet ! hops 
) "s wort :5 brew+4 ,if y want to ha/5  
y\r be] = dr9k+1 put ! hops into ! casks
 :5 !y are w>m2 if y\r be] is = a long  
/&+1 put ! hops 9 y\r casks :5 !y are   
cold1 giv+ !m a /ir to sep>ate !m 9 !   
be]4  ,take c>e n to be "u ! necessity (
 tapp+ y\r ale or small be] be=e x has  
actually done work+1 = by s do+ y w     

prev5t x f becom+ f9e3 new be] may be   
class$ ) new bread2 = ! new] y draw y\r 
be] ! m !re w be consum$2 new be] is n s
 satisfy+ z x is :5 come to a m mature  
age4  ,bew>e1 le/ y =get to pay att5tion
 to y\r be] :i* is at tap2 =1 z ! eye ( 
! ma/] make? 8 horse fat1 s ! head ( a  
family1 n[ & !n giv+ a look into 8      
cell>1 may be ! cause ( be] dr9k+ m     
agreeable to 8 palate1 by tak+ c>e !    
v5t-holes are kept closely /opp$1 & !   
cocks secure4  ,d n fail to /oop y\r    
cask :5 ! be] is ab\t two p>ts 9 ?ree   
out2 ?is %\ld be done :il/ ! tap is     
sp5d+1 = !n y w n di/urb ! s$im5t4 ,by  
/oop+ ! cask :5 ! be] is ab\t two p>ts 9
 ?ree out w prev5t x f becom+ flat &    
s\r2 :51 on ! o!r h&1 x is too frequ5tly
 to be obs]v$ :5 a p]son is draw+ a pot 
( be]1 ! /ream is imp$$2 = ! be]1 be+ s 
ne>ly out1 w n run till x is /oop$4 ,n[ 
be=e ?is1 ! cock dis*>g+ ! be] b sl[ly1 
! air is admitt$ into ! cask1 :i* causes
 ! be] to dr9k flat1 &1 p]haps1 turn    
s\r3 !re=e ?is w en=ce ! necessity (    

/oop+ y\r cask be=e x be s ne>ly out4   
,?is is a fault ) _m publicans1 n pay+  
att5tion to _! cell>s2 ev5 _m ( ^? :o   
brew _! own be] are neglectful1 not)/&+ 
_! own int]e/ & cr$it is conc]n$4 ,tis n
 uncommon = ! v5t-peg1 & ev5 ! bung1 to 
be left out ( ^? casks :i* are actually 
on draught4  ,publicans1 :o retail      
common brew]'s be]1 & neglect _! cell>s1
 h ?is excuse1 if _! cu/om]s f9d fault )
 ! be]1 by say+ tis su* be] z my brew]  
s5ds me1 s x may be2 b let a publican be
 s]v$ ) be] ( ! fir/ quality1 x entirely
 dep5ds on ! managem5t ( ! retail] !re(1
 :e!r ! be] %all be ( a good or bad     
quality4 ,?is is prov$ by p]sons 9 !    
same t[n1 ea* be+ s]v$ ) be] f "o & !   
same brew-h\se2 !re w be g5]ally a      
disp>ity 9 ! quality aft] x comes into !
 /ock ( ! respective retail]s !re(1 :i* 
proves x to be ! good or bad managem5t 9
 ! cell>4  ,i am conv9c$ ,i %all n (f5d 
! att5tive publican by :at ,i h said    
respect+ ! cell>2 b %\ld ?is fall into !
 h&s ( ! inatt5tive1 x may (f5d2 b t ,i 

w excuse1 if1 by ! read+ ( ?is1 he %\ld 
be conv9c$ ( 8 error1 & pay m att5tion  
to 8 cell>2 t he may be enabl$ to draw a
 pot ( be] to please ^? useful &        
valuable m51 ! lab\r] & ! me*anic2 & :]e
 !y us$ to dr9k b "o pot ( be] ) him1 !y
 may1 f f9d+ 8 ale mu* bett] ?an usual1 
p]haps1 dr9k two4   ,on ! dry+ &        
qualities ( ,malt4  ,i %all "h give a   
few obs]vations on malt1 :i* 0 my       
pr9cipal reason = introduc+ ?is "w to ! 
public1 well kn[+ t _m :o pr(ess ! art (
 brew+ h v little kn[lege ( ! nature &  
quality ( ! malt & hops !y brew )4      
,malt is dri$ ) coke1 coal1 wood1 furze1
 & /raw4 ,! be/ & sweete/ malt is dri$ )
 coke1 or wel* coal2 because ! coke1 or 
coal1 gives a regul> & gradual heat4    
,malt dri$ ) coke1 or coal1 w be ( a    
bright1 clean col\r1 because ! fire is  
free f smoak4 ,x is also to be obs]v$ t 
malt dri$ ) coal1 or coke1 is g5]ally   
well cur$1 t is1 s\nd dri$1 because !   
coke or coal fire is fi]ce & /rong4  ,if
 malt is dri$ ) a wood fire x greatly   

dep5ds on ! wood be+ h\s$ 9 a dry       
season2 = if ! wood is dry x w produce a
 cle> fire1 free f smoak1 & ! malt w be 
( a bright col\r2 b if ! wood is wet &  
sugg$1 ! fire w n be fi]ce1 b w be      
smoaky1 & w c]ta9ly cause ! malt to be (
 a dull col\r2 & ! be] brew$ f su* malt 
w consequ5tly h a smoaky ta/e3 !re=e x  
dep5ds on ! att5tion ( ! malt/]1 9 h\s+ 
8 wood 9 good ord]1 = )\t t att5tion he 
_c s]ve 8 cu/om]s ) good1 bright1 well  
cur$ malt4  ,i h se5 v f9e malt dri$ )  
/raw1 x be+ less subject to smoak ?an   
malt dri$ ) wood2 b ?is mode ( dry+ is v
 t$i\s1 because a p]son mu/ always att5d
 ! fire4 ,9 ^? c\ntries :]e x is        
/raw-dri$1 wood & coal is de>1 !re=e    
/raw is us$ z a sub/itute = coal1 c4    
,h[ev]1 if c>e be tak51 malt may be well
 cur$ ) a /raw or wood fire1 b n to     
equal wel* coal1 or coke1 because ! fire
 may always be kept up s z to produce a 
regul> heat4  ,fuel be+ mu* de>] ?an    
=m]ly _m malt/]s are too sp>+ ( _! fire2
 & "h arises ! pr9cipal cause :y we h s 

mu* bad be]2 = if malt is n well cur$1 t
 is1 s\nd dri$1 x w n produce good &    
:olesome be]4  ,malt may appe> to be ( a
 f9e amb] col\r1 & ?is may be done by   
mak+ a /rong fire a few m9utes be=e !   
kiln is %ift$1 !re=e ! col\r is n at all
 times a rule = its be+ well dri$4 ,no  
malt %\ld be us$ till x has be5 (f !    
kiln a mon?1 at lea/2 at ! end ( t "t1  
if ! malt bites quick & crisp1 y may    
conclude x is well dri$4  ,x w be v     
necess>y :5 y give ord]s = a brew+ (    
malt1 to reque/ y\r malt/] to s5d ! malt
 well dri$2 ?is caution may induce him  
to pay m att5tion 9 ! dry+ ( 8 malt4    
,:5 a brew+ ( malt is ord]$ by private  
families1 p]haps no ord] is giv5        
respect+ any p>ticul> sort1 t is to say1
 :e!r pale1 amb]1 or br[n1 = ^! are !   
?ree sorts ( malt2 b _m retail malt/]s 9
 ! c\ntry h b "o sort ( malt1 &1 9 fact1
 "o sort is suffici5t1 provid$ c>e is   
tak5 to dry _! malt s\nd1 ( a f9e amb]  
col\r4  ,n[ ,i aga9 repeat t ! pr9cipal 
reason ( our hav+ s mu* h>d & s\r be]1  

is ow+ to ! malt be+ "u dri$2 = malt is 
! fundam5tal article 9 brew+4 ,if a     
guile ( be] is made f "u dri$ malt x w n
 be ( a f9e bright col\r1 & an extra    
boil+ ( ! worts w n h ! desir$ effect3  
!n y are "u ! necessity ( us+ f9+s & o!r
 no/rums1 :i* are only tempor>y1 = no   
o!r +r$i5ts :atev] c be s b5eficial to  
be] z malt & hops1 & if ^? two          
commodities are 9 a good & g5u9e /ate1 y
 w n h occasion to seek = any o!r art or
 device :atev]4 ,ano!r consid]able      
advantage w arise1 = ea* bu%el ( s\nd   
dri$ malt w produce a gallon ( wort m   
?an slack or "u dri$ malt2 ?is is prov$ 
by brew+ two sorts ( malt1 t is1 malt   
p]fectly dri$ w dis*>ge ! wort freely1 &
 ! gra9s w be dry & light2 :51 on ! o!r 
h&1 if a brew+ ( be] is made f "u dri$  
malt1 ! gra9s w be clammy & heavy1 ow+  
to ! raw /ate ( ! malt1 !re=e a "p ( !  
wort _c dis*>ge itself1 :i* is a        
suffici5t v\*] t ! p]fectly dri$ malt w 
produce a great] quantity ( wort ( an   
equal degree ( /r5g?4  ,i h9t$ be=e t   

malt %\ld n be brew$ till x has be5 (f !
 kiln a mon?2 b if malt is six or sev5  
mon?s old x w be ! bett]1 because x w   
become mell[1 & y\r be] w be mu* s(t] & 
bett] ?an if us$ imm$iately f ! kiln4   
,betwe5 mi*aelmas & *ri/mas ! retail    
malt/]'s /ock ( old malt g5]ally lays 9 
a small compass1 & w be slack2 ,i %\ld  
at ?is season recomm5d "p old & "p new1 
= ! "o w help ! o!r4   ,on ,hops4  ,_m  
pr(ess$ brew]s are p>ticul>ly atta*$ to 
! col\r ( ! hops1 t is1 !y are p>tial to
 ^? ( a f9e gre5 col\r2 ^! are c]ta9ly  
to be pref]$1 if !y 7 ripe :5 ga!r$3--to
 prove _! goodness1 rub !m betwe5 y\r   
f+]s1 if !y are 9 full condition !y w   
/ick to y\r f+]s1 w h a good /rong sc5t1
 & ! se$s w appe> full & yell[4  ,br[n  
spots are frequ5tly to be se5 on hops2  
^! are1 9 g5]al1 hops t came to a full  
rip5ess be=e !y 7 ga!r$4 ,high w9ds &   
ra9 frequ5tly happ5 ab\t ! middle or    
latt] end ( ! hop season1 :i* w         
disfigure !m 9 _! col\r 9 a few h\rs1 s 
t ! col\r is n at all times to direct y 

z to _! goodness4  ,9 ! hop c\ntries mo/
 hop-plant]s keep ^? hops :i* are mo/   
disfigur$ 9 _! quality1 sep>ate & ap>t1 
:5 pick+1 f ^? ( a bright] col\r2 ^? :i*
 are ( an inf]ior col\r are kept = _!   
own use1 & dispos$ ( to _! neighb\rs1 x 
be+ _! op9ion t !y answ] ! purpose 9    
brew+ ne>ly z well z ^? ( a bright]     
col\r1 provid$ !y are 9 full condition1 
t is1 if !y are full ( se$s2 = 9 ! se$s 
is ! virtue & /r5g? ( ! hop4  ,!        
quantity ( hops us$ 9 brew+ is g5]ally  
half a p\nd to a bu%el ( malt1 & s 9    
proportion to a great] quantity2 if mild
 ale1 = pres5t dr9k+1 a less] quantity w
 d2 b ?is mu/ be left to ! discretion ( 
! brew]1 or ma/] ( a family1 z "s are m 
p>tial to ! ta/e ( ! hop ?an o!rs4      
,hops are f\nd to be ( su* excell5t     
utility 9 ! bitt]+ ( be]1 t common      
brew]s & innkeep]s are =bidd5 by law to 
use any o!r bitt] +r$i5t :atev] 9 brew+ 
( be] & ale4 ,i h tak5 ! lib]ty to ins]t
 ?is z a caution to ! unw>y4  ,z to !   
quantity ( be] ea* bu%el ( malt %\ld    

produce1 x mu/ re/ on ! option or       
circum/ances ( ! brew]1 or ! head ( a   
family4 ,a bu%el ( malt w produce t5    
gallons ( good ale2 b ! great] !        
quantity ( malt1 brew$ at "o "t1 ! bett]
 w be y\r be]4