,fujiyama1 by ,murata ,tanryu4 ,plate ,i4 ,fujiyama1 by ,murata ,tanryu4 ,plate ,i4 ,on ! ,laws ( ,japanese ,pa9t+ ,an ,introduction to ! /udy ( ! ,art ( ,japan ,h5ry ,p4 ,b[ie ,title-page design3 ,butt]flies & ,birds1 kn[n z ,*o ,tori ,paul ,eld] & ,company ,publi%]s #aiaa ,,cont5ts ,introduction by ,iwaya ,sazanami ,introduction by ,hirai ,k9za ,preface ,,*apt] ,,"o4 ,,p]sonal ,,exp]i5ces ,,*apt] ,,two4 ,,art ,,9 ,,japan ,,*apt] ,,?ree4 ,,laws ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,bru% ,,& ,,mat]ials ,,*apt] ,,f\r4 ,,laws ,,gov]n+ ,,! ,,conception ,,& ,,execution ,,( ,a ,,pa9t+ ,,*apt] ,,five4 ,,canons ,,( ,,! ,,ae/hetics ,,( ,,japanese ,,pa9t+ ,,*apt] ,,six4 ,,subjects ,,= ,,japanese ,,pa9t+ ,,*apt] ,,sev54 ,,signatures ,,& ,,seals ,,explanation ,,( ,,head-,,b&s ,,plates ,,explanatory ,,( ,,! ,,=ego+ ,,text ,,on ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,japanese ,,pa9t+ ,footnotes ,,illu/rations ,fujiyama1 by ,murata ,tanryu4 ,plate ,i4 ,! ,tea ,c]emony1 by ,miss ,uyemura ,%o54 ,plate ,,ii4 ,*ick5s 9 ,spr+1 by ,mori ,tessan4 ,plate ,,iii4 ,sn[ ,sc5e 9 ,kaga1 by ,kubota ,beis54 ,plate ,,iv4 ,tree ,squirrel1 by ,mo*izuki ,kimpo4 ,plate ,v4 ,tig]1 by ,ki%i ,*ikudo4 ,plate ,,vi4 ,bamboo1 ,sp>r[ & ,ra94 ,plate ,,vii4 ,fujiyama f ,tago no ,ura1 by ,yamamoto ,baietsu4 ,plate ,,viii4 ,mo/ ,c>eful ,me?od ( ,lay+ on ,color4 ,plate ,,viiii4 ,! ,next ,be/ ,me?od4 ,plate ,x4 ,! ,light ,wat]-,color ,me?od4 ,plate ,,xi4 ,color ,) ,outl9es ,suppress$4 ,plate ,,xii4 ,color ,ov] ,l9es4 ,plate ,,xiii4 ,light ,r$di%-,br[n ,me?od4 ,plate ,,xiv4 ,! ,:ite ,patt]n4 ,plate ,,xv4 ,! ,black or ,sumi ,me?od4 ,plate ,,xvi4 ,! ,rule ( ,proportion 9 ,l&scapes4 ,plate ,,xvii4 ,heav51 ,e>?1 ,man4 ,plate ,,xviii4 ,p9e ,tree ,bran*es4 ,plate ,,xix4 ,w9d+ ,/reams4 ,plate ,,xx4 ,a ,tree & ,its ,p>ts4 ,plate ,,xxi4 ,bird & ,its ,subdivisions4 ,plate ,,xxii4 ,peel$ ,hemp-,b>k ,me?od = ,rocks & ,l$ges 7a7 ,! ,axe /rokes 7b74 ,plate ,,xxiii4 ,l9es or ,ve9s ( ,lotus ,leaf 7a74 ,alum ,cry/als 7b74 ,plate ,,xxiv4 ,loose ,rice ,leaves 7a74 ,)]$ ,k9dl+ ,twigs 7b74 ,plate ,,xxv4 ,scatt]$ ,hemp ,leaves 7a74 ,wr9kles on ! ,c['s ,neck 7b74 ,plate ,,xxvi4 ,! ,circle 7#a74 ,semi-,circle 7#b74 ,fi% ,scales 7#c74 ,mov+ ,fi% ,scales 7#d74 ,plate ,,xxvii4 ,!ory ( ,tree ,gr[? 7#a74 ,practical ,application 7#b74 ,grass ,gr[? 9 ,!ory 7#c74 ,9 ,practice 7#d74 ,plate ,,xxviii4 ,skeleton ( a ,=e/ ,tree 7#a7 ,same ,develop$ 7#b74 ,tree ,complet$ 9 /ructure 7#c74 ,plate ,,xxix4 ,p]p5dicul> ,l9es = ,rocks 7#a74 ,horizontal ,l9es = ,rocks 7#b74 ,rock ,con/ruction z ,practic$ 9 ,art 7#c & #d74 ,plate ,,xxx4 ,diff]5t ,ways ( ,pa9t+ ,rocks & ,l$ges4 ,plate ,,xxxi4 ,wi/>ia ,dot 7a74 ,*rysan!mum ,dot 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxii4 ,:eel-,spoke ,dot 7a74 ,,kai ,,ji ,dot 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxiii4 ,pepp]-,se$ ,dot 7a74 ,m\se-,footpr9t ,dot 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxiv4 ,s]rat$ ,dot 7a74 ,,i*i ,,ji dot 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxv4 ,he>t ,dot 7a74 ,,hitsu ,,ji ,dot 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxvi4 ,rice ,dot 7a74 ,,haku ,,yo ,dot 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxvii4 ,waves 7a74 ,diff]5t ,k9ds ( ,mov+ ,wat]s 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxviii4 ,sea ,waves 7a74 ,brook ,waves 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxix4 ,/orm ,waves4 ,plate ,,xl4 ,silk-,?read ,l9e 7upp]74 ,koto /r+ ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xli4 ,cl\ds1 ,wat] ,l9es 7upp]74 ,iron-,wire ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xlii4 ,nail-,head1 ,rat-,tail ,l9e 7upp]74 ,tsubone ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xliii4 ,will[-,leaf ,l9e 7upp]74 ,angle-,worm ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xliv4 ,ru/y-,nail & ,old-,po/ ,l9e 7upp]74 ,date-,se$ ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xlv4 ,brok5-,re$ ,l9e 7upp]74 ,gn>l$-,knot ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xlvi4 ,:irl+-,wat] ,l9e 7upp]74 ,suppression ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xlvii4 ,dry-,twig ,l9e 7upp]74 ,or*id-,leaf ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xlviii4 ,bamboo-,leaf ,l9e 7upp]74 ,mix$ /yle 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xlix4 ,! ,plum ,tree & ,blossom4 ,plate ,l4 ,! ,*rysan!mum ,fl[] & ,leaves4 ,plate ,,li4 ,! ,or*id ,plant & ,fl[]4 ,plate ,,lii4 ,! ,bamboo ,plant & ,leaves4 ,plate ,,liii4 ,sunrise ,ov] ! ,ocean 7#a74 ,horai ,san 7#b74 ,sun1 /orks & ,tortoise 7#c1 #d1 #e74 ,plate ,,liv4 ,fuku ,roku ,ju 7#a74 ,! ,p9e ,tree 7#b74 ,bamboo & ,plum 7#c74 ,kado ,matsu & ,%im5awa 7#d74 ,rice ,cakes 7#e74 ,plate ,,lv4 ,sun & ,waves 7#a74 ,rice ,gra9s7#b74 ,cotton ,plant 7#c74 ,battl$oor 7#d74 ,treasure ,%ip 7#e74 ,plate ,,lvi4 ,*ick5s & ! ,plum ,tree 7#a74 ,plum & ,song ,bird 7#b74 ,la/ ( ! ,sn[ 7#c74 ,pea* ,blossoms 7#d74 ,pap] ,dolls 7#e74 ,nana ,kusa 7#f74 ,plate ,,lvii4 ,*]ry ,trees 7#a74 ,ebb ,tide 7#b74 ,saohime 7#c74 ,wi/>ia 7#d74 ,iris 7#e74 ,moon & ,cuckoo 7#f74 ,plate ,,lviii4 ,c>p 7#a74 ,wat]fall 7#b74 ,cr[ & ,sn[ 7#c74 ,kakehi 7#d74 ,tanabata 7#e74 ,autumn ,grasses 7#f74 ,plate ,,lix4 ,/ack$ ,rice & ,sp>r[s 7#a74 ,rabbit 9 ! ,moon 7#b74 ,megetsu 7#c74 ,mi/ ,%[]s 7#d74 ,wat] ,grasses 7#e74 ,joga 7#f74 ,plate ,,lx4 ,*rysan!mum 7#a74 ,tatsutahime 7#b74 ,de] & ,maples 7#c74 ,geese & ! ,moon 7#d74 ,fruits ( ,autumn 7#e74 ,monkey & ,p]simmons 7#f74 ,plate ,,lxi4 ,squirrel & ,grapes 7#a74 ,kay5u ,matsu 7#b74 ,evesco or ,ebisu 7#c74 ,zan ,kiku 7#d74 ,fir/ ,sn[ 7#e74 ,oh>ame 7#f74 ,plate ,,lxii4 ,m&>9 ,ducks 7#a74 ,*i ,dori 7#b74 ,duck ,fly+ 7#c74 ,sn[ ,%elt] 7#d74 ,sn[ ,sc5e 7#e74 ,sn[ ,d>uma 7#f74 ,plate ,,lxiii4 ,cr[ & ,plum 7#a74 ,bird & ,p]simmon 7#b74 ,nukume ,dori 7#c74 ,k9uta u*i 7#d74 ,plate ,,lxiv4 ,spr+ 7#a74 ,summ] 7#b74 ,autumn 7#c74 ,w9t] 7#d74 ,plate ,,lxv4 ,*a no ,yu 7#a74 ,s5 ,*a 7#b74 ,bir? ( ,buddha 7#c74 ,in>i 7#d74 ,plate ,,lxvi4 ,,d$icat$ ,,to ,,! ,,memory ,,( ,,kubota ,,beis5 ,a ,,great ,,arti/ ,,& ,a ,,k9dly ,,man1 ,,^: ,,happ9ess ,,0 ,,9 ,,help+ ,,o!rs ,,& ,,^: ,,triumphant ,,c>e] ,,has ,,%$ ,,endur+ ,,lu/re ,,^u ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,japanese ,,pa9t+ ,,introduction ,,by ,,iwaya ,,sazanami7#a7 ,fir/ ( all1 ,i %\ld /ate t 9 ! ye> #aiji ,i accompani$ ! ,honorable ,japanese ,comm]cial ,commission]s 9 _! visit to ! v>i\s ,am]ican capitals & o!r cities ( ! ,unit$ /ates1 :]e we 7 met ) ! he>tie/ welcome1 & = :i* we all felt ! mo/ pr(\nd gratitude4 ,we 7 all s happy1 b ,i 0 especially s2 inde$1 x w\ld be impossible to be m happy ?an ,i felt1 & p>ticul>ly 0 ?is true ( "o day1 namely1 ! tw5ty-sev5? ( ,novemb] ( ! ye> nam$1 :5 ,h5ry ,p4 ,b[ie1 ,esq41 invit$ u to 8 resid5ce 9 ,san ,mateo1 :]e we f\nd erect$ by him a ,memorial ,gate to commemorate our victories 9 ! ,japanese-,russian ,w>2 & its d$ication _h be5 res]v$ = ?is day ( our visit4 ,susp5d$ above ! portals 0 a bronze tablet inscrib$ ) lett]s writt5 by my late fa!r1 ,i*i ,roku4 ,! ev5+ ( t same day we 7 invit$ by our ho/ to a reception ext5d$ to u 9 ,san ,francisco by ! ,japan ,society ( ,am]ica1 :]e ,i _h ! honor ( deliv]+ a %ort address on ,japanese folk-lore4 ,9 adjo9+ halls 0 exhibit$ a l>ge collection ( ,japanese writ+s & pa9t+s1 ! latt] *iefly ! "w ( ! arti/1 ,kubota ,beis51 :ile ! writ+s 7 f ! bru% ( my deceas$ fa!r1 betwe5 :om & ,mr4 ,b[ie !re exi/$ ! relations ( ! w>me/ fri5d%ip & mutual e/eem4 ,two ye>s or m h pass$ & ,i am n[ 9 receipt ( in=mation f ,mr4 ,%imada ,sekko t ,mr4 ,b[ie is ab\t to publi% a "w ^u ! laws ( ,japanese pa9t+ & ,i am reque/$ to write a preface to ! same4 ,i am well aw>e h[ unfitt$ ,i am = su* an und]tak+1 b 9 view ( all ,i h "h relat$ ,i feel ,i am n p]mitt$ to refuse4 ,inde$1 x seems to me t ! art ( our c\ntry has = _m ye>s pa/ be5 introduc$ to ! public ( ,europe & ,am]ica 9 all sorts ( ways1 & hundr$s ( books ab\t ,japanese art h appe>$ 9 sev]al =eign languages2 b ,i h be5 privately al>m$ = ! reason t a great _m su* books conta9 ei!r sup]ficial obs]vations made dur+ sightsee+ soj\rns ( six mon?s or a ye> 9 our c\ntry or are b ha/y comm5t>ies1 compilations1 extracts or ref]5ces1 *os5 "h & !re f o!r volumes4 ,all "w ( ?is k9d mu/ be consid]$ extremely sup]ficial4 ,b ,mr4 ,b[ie has resid$ _m ye>s 9 ,japan4 ,he ?or\ghly und]/&s our in/itutions & national life2 he is accu/om$ to our ways1 & is fully conv]sant ) our language & lit]ature1 & he und]/&s bo? our arts ( writ+ & pa9t+4 ,inde$1 ,i feel he kn[s ab\t su* matt]s m ?an _m ( my own c\ntrym52 add$ to ?is1 8 ta/e is in/9ctively well adapt$ to ! ,ori5tal atmosph]e ( ?\ght & is 9 h>mony ) ,japanese ideals4 ,& x is he :o is ! au?or ( ! pres5t volume4 ,to o!rs a labor ( ! k9d w\ld be v great2 to ,mr4 ,b[ie x is a "w ( no su* difficulty1 & x mu/ surely prove a s\rce ( priceless in/ruction n only to ,europeans & ,am]icans1 b to my own c\ntrym51 :o w le>n n a little f x4 ,ah1 h[ =tunate d we feel x to be t su* a book w appe> 9 l&s s f> remov$ f our native %ores4 ,n[ t ,i le>n t ,mr4 ,b[ie has writt5 ?is book ! happ9ess ( two ye>s ago is aga9 r5ew$1 & f ?is f>-(f c\ntry ,i (f] him my w>me/ congratulations1 ) ! confid5t hope t 8 "w w prove fruitfully effective4 ,iwaya ,%o ,ha1 ,tokyo1 ,japan1 ,augu/ #ag1 #aiaa ,,introduction ,,by ,,hirai ,,k9za7#b7 ,sev5te5 ye>s ago1 at a "t :5 ,*9a & ,japan 7 cross+ swords1 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,p4 ,b[ie came to me 9 ,kyoto reque/+ t ,i in/ruct him 9 ! ,japanese language & 9 ! ,*9ese writt5 *>act]s4 ,i cons5t$ & began 8 in/ruction4 ,i 0 soon a/oni%$ by 8 extraord9>y progress & c\ld h>dly believe 8 language & writ+ 7 n ^? ( a native ,japanese4 ,z = ! ,*9ese writt5 *>act]s1 we le>n !m only to "k _! mean+ & are n accu/om$ to inve/igate _! hidd5 significance2 b ,mr4 ,b[ie w5t s ?or\ghly into ! analysis ( _! =ms1 /rokes & pictorial values t 8 k ( ! same (t5 a/\nd$ & sil5c$ my own c\ntrym54 ,9 addition to ?is1 hav+ und]tak5 to /udy ,japanese pa9t+1 he plac$ himself "u "o ( our mo/ celebrat$ arti/s &1 daily work+ ) unabat$ zeal1 9 a comp>atively %ort "t made m>vel\s progress 9 t art4 ,at "o ( our public art expositions he exhibit$ a pa9t+ ( pigeons fly+ across a bamboo grove :i* 0 greatly admir$ & prais$ by ev]yone1 b no "o c\ld believe t ?is 0 ! "w ( a =eign]4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! exposition he 0 aw>d$ a diploma atte/+ 8 m]it4 ,_m 7 ! p]sons :o covet$ ! pa9t+1 b z x _h be5 orig9ally (f]$ to me1 ,i /ill possess x4 ,f "t to "t ,i refre% my eyes ) ! "w & ) mu* pleasure exhibit x to my fri5ds4 ,frequ5tly aft] ?is ,mr4 ,b[ie1 always engag$ 9 pa9t+ rem>kable pictures 9 ! ,japanese mann]1 w\ld exhibit !m at ! v>i\s art exhibitions ( ,japan1 & 0 on two occasions specially honor$ by our ,emp]or & ,empress1 bo? ( :om express$ ! wi% to possess 8 "w1 & ,mr4 ,b[ie _h ! honor ( (f]+ ! same to our ,imp]ial ,maje/ies4 ,8 reputation soon spread f> & wide & reque/s = 8 pa9t+s came 9 su* num]\s quantities t to comply 8 "t 0 occupi$ cont9u\sly4 ,n[ he is ab\t to publi% a "w on ,japanese pa9t+ to enlight5 & in/ruct ! p ( ,we/]n nations ^u our art4 ,z ,i believe su* a book mu/ h great influ5ce 9 promot+ s5tim5ts ( k9dl9ess betwe5 ,japan & ,am]ica1 by caus+ ! feel+s ( our p & ! conditions ( our national life to be widely kn[n1 ,i v5ture to (f] a few words conc]n+ ! circum/ances "u :i* ,i fir/ became acqua9t$ ) ! au?or4 ,hirai ,k9za1 ,,nihon ,,azuma ,,no ,,miyako1 ,meiji-,yosa ,am>i ,yotose-,hazuke4 ,,preface ,?is volume conta9s ! sub/ance ( lectures on on ! laws & canons ( ,japanese pa9t+ deliv]$ be=e ! ,japan ,society ( ,am]ica1 ! ,sket* ,club ( ,san ,francisco1 ! ,art /ud5ts ( /an=d ,univ]sity1 ! ,saturday ,aft]noon ,club ( ,santa ,cruz1 ! ,arts & ,crafts ,guild ( ,san ,francisco1 & ! ,art ,in/itute ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia4 ,! int]e/ ! subject awak5$ enc\rages ! belief t a wid] acqua9tance ) ess5tial pr9ciples und]ly+ ! art ( pa9t+ 9 ,japan w result 9 a s\nd appreciation ( ! arti/ "w ( t c\ntry4 ,japanese art t]ms & o!r words deem$ important h be5 purposely reta9$ & translat$ = ! b5efit ( /ud5ts :o may desire to s]i\sly pursue ,japanese pa9t+ "u native ma/]s4 ,^? t]ms pr9t$ 9 small capitals are ,*9ese 9 orig92 all o!rs 9 italics are ,japanese4 ,all ( ! draw+s illu/rative ( ! text h be5 specially prep>$ by ,mr4 ,%imada ,sekko1 an arti/ ( rese>* & ability1 :o1 "u ,david />r ,jordan1 has long be5 engag$ on sci5tific illu/rations 9 connection ) ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution4 ,! au?or apologizes = all ref]5ces h]e9 to p]sonal exp]i5ces1 :i* he c]ta9ly w\ld h omitt$ c\ld he reg>d ! foll[+ pages z any?+ m ?an an in=mal introduction ( ! read] to ! /udy ( ,japanese pa9t+4 ,,k5 ,,wan ,,*oku ,,hitsu ,a firm arm & a p]p5dicul> bru% ,*apt] #a ,head-,b&3 ,! fl[] & leaves ( ! peony 7,botan71 z conv5tionaliz$ on anci5t armor 7yoroi7 ,,*apt] ,,"o4 ,,p]sonal ,,exp]i5ces ,9 ! ye> #ahic ,i w5t on a %ort visit to ,japan1 & becom+ int]e/$ 9 mu* ,i saw !re1 ! foll[+ ye> ,i made a second j\rney to t c\ntry4 ,tak+ up my resid5ce 9 ,kyoto1 ,i det]m9$ to /udy & ma/]1 if possible1 ! ,japanese language1 9 ord] to ?or\ghly und]/& ! p1 _! in/itutions1 & civilization4 ,my /udies began at daybreak & la/$ till midday4 ,! aft]noons be+ unoccupi$1 x occurr$ to me t ,i might1 ) pr(it1 look into ! subject ( ,japanese pa9t+4 ,! city ( ,kyoto has always be5 ! hotb$ ( ,japanese art4 ,at t "t ! great arti/1 ,ko ,no ,bairei1 0 /ill liv+ !re1 & "o ( 8 di/+ui%$ pupils1 ,torei ,ni%igawa1 0 highly recomm5d$ to me z an art in/ructor4 ,bairei _h decl>$ ,torei's ability 0 s great t at ! age ( eighte5 he _h le>n$ all he c\ld tea* him4 ,torei 0 n[ ov] ?irty ye>s ( age & a p]fect type ( 8 k9d1 ov]fl[+ ) skill1 le>n+1 & humor4 ,he gave me my fir/ lesson & ,i 0 simply entranc$4 ,x 0 z ?\gh ! skies _h op5$ to disclose a new k+dom ( art4 ,tak+ 8 bru% 9 h&1 ) a few /rokes he _h execut$ a ma/]piece1 a loquot 7biwa7 bran*1 ) leaves clu/]+ r\nd ! ripe fruit4 ,in/9ct ) life & beauty1 x seem$ to h actually gr[n be=e my eyes4 ,f t mom5t dat$ my en?usiasm = ,japanese pa9t+4 ,i rema9$ "u ,ni%igawa = two ye>s or m1 work+ assidu\sly on my knees daily f noon till nightfall1 pa9t+ on silk or pap] spread out flat be=e me1 accord+ to ! ,japanese me?od4 ,japanese pa9t]s are g5]ally class$ accord+ to :at !y conf9e !mselves to produc+4 ,"s are kn[n z pa9t]s ( figures 7,,jim ,,butsu7 or animals 7,,d ,,butsu71 o!rs z pa9t]s ( l&scapes 7,,san ,,sui71 o!rs /ill z pa9t]s ( fl[]s & birds 7,,ka ,,*o71 o!rs z pa9t]s ( religi\s subjects 7,,butsu ,,gwa71 & s on4 ,torei 0 a pa9t] ( fl[]s & birds1 & ^! execut$ by him are really z beautiful z _! prototypes 9 nature4 ,on plate ,,vii is giv5 a specim5 ( 8 "w4 ,he is n[ a lead+ arti/ ( ,osaka1 :]e he has done mu* to revive pa9t+ 9 t comm]cial city4 ,z ,i desir$ to get "s k ( ,japanese l&scape pa9t+1 ,i 0 =tunate 9 next obta9+ in/ruction f ! di/+ui%$ ,kubota ,beis51 "o ( ! mo/ popul> & gift$ arti/s 9 ! empire4 ,9 company ) sev]al ( 8 fri5ds & =m] pupils ,i call$ ^u him4 ,aft] ! usual words ( c]emony he 0 ask$ if he w\ld k9dly pa9t some?+ = our delight4 ,)\t hesitation he spread a l>ge %eet ( ,*9ese pap] 7,,to%i7 him & 9 a few mom5ts we beheld a cr[ cl++ to ! bran*es ( a p]simmon tree & try+ to peck at ! fruit1 :i* 0 j a trifle out ( rea*4 ,! "w seem$ t ( a magician4 ,i begg$ him !n & !re to give me in/ruction4 ,he cons5t$1 & ?us began an acqua9tance & fri5d%ip :i* la/$ until 8 dea? a few ye>s ago4 ,i work$ fai?fully "u 8 guidance dur+ five ye>s1 e day ( ! week1 includ+ ,sundays4 ,i nev] tir$2 9 fact1 ,i nev] want$ to /op4 ,e /roke ( 8 bru% seem$ to h magic 9 x4 7,plate ,,iv47 ,9 _m ways he 0 "o ( ! clev]e/ arti/s ,japan has ev] produc$4 ,he 0 an au?or z well z a pa9t]1 & wrote mu* on art4 ,at ! summit ( 8 r5[n he 0 /rick5 hopelessly bl9d & di$ ( *agr91--he c\ld pa9t no m4 ,:ile liv+ 9 ,tokio = a numb] ( ye>s ,i pa9t$ con/antly "u two o!r arti/s--,%imada ,sekko1 n[ di/+ui%$ = fi%es2 & ,%imada ,bokus51 a pupil ( ,gaho1 & not$ = l&scape 9 ! ,kano /yle2 s t1 aft] n9e ye>s 9 all ( devotion & labor giv5 to ,japanese pa9t+1 ,i 0 able to get a fairly good und]/&+ ( its !ory & practice4 ,x may seem /range t "o n an ,ori5tal %\ld become ?us int]e/$ 9 ,japanese pa9t+ & devote s mu* "t & h>d "w to x2 b ! fact is1 if "o s]i\sly inve/igates t art he readily comes "u ! sway ( its fasc9ation4 ,z ! p ( ,japan love art 9 all its manife/ations1 ! =eign] :o pa9ts 9 _! mann] f9ds a d\ble welcome among !m2 ?us1 ideal conditions are suppli$ "u :i* ! /udy !re ( art c be pursu$4 ,my memory records no?+ b k9dness 9 t p>ticul>4 ,dur+ my long resid5ce 9 ,kyoto !re 7 con/antly s5t to me = my enjoym5t & in/ruction preci\s pa9t+s by ! old ma/]s1 to be replac$ aft] a %ort "t by o!r works ( ! v>i\s s*ools4 ,= su* att5tion ,i 0 l>gely indebt$ to ! late ,mr4 ,kumagai1 "o ( ,kyoto's mo/ highly e/eem$ citiz5s & art patrons4 ,)\t multiply+ in/ances ( ! g5]\s nature ( ! ,japanese & _! int]e/ 9 ! endeavors ( a =eign] to /udy _! art1 ,i w m5tion ! gift f ! ,abbot ( ,ikegami ( two orig9al dragon pa9t+s1 execut$ = t temple by ,kano ,tanyu4 ,9 ,tokio my dwell+ 0 ! frequ5t r5dezv\s ( _m ( ! lead+ arti/s ( t city & ,,gassaku pa9t+ 0 inv>iably our pr9cipal pa/ime4 ,! great poet1 ,fukuha ,bisei1 n[ gone1 w\ld frequ5tly jo9 u1 & to e pa9t+ execut$ he w\ld add ! embelli%m5t ( 8 *>m+ inspirations 9 v]se1 writt5 !reon 9 8 inimitable kana script4 ,?is nobleman _h taught ! art ( poetry to ,h4 ,i4 ,m4 ,mutsu ,hito1 to ! prec$+ ,emp]or1 & to ! pres5t ,cr[n ,pr9ce4 ,*apt] #b ,head-,b&3 ,fan-%ap$ leaves ( ! i*o or g9 nan 7,salisburiana71 plac$ 9 books 9 ,*9a & ,japan to prev5t ! ravages ( ! bookworm4 ,,*apt] ,,two4 ,,art ,,9 ,,japan ,9 approa*+ a brief exposition ( ! laws ( ,japanese pa9t+ x is n my purpose to claim = t art sup]iority ov] e o!r k9d ( pa9t+2 nor w ,i admit t x is inf]ior to o!r s*ools ( pa9t+4 ,r w\ld ,i say t x is a wa/e ( "t to in/itute comp>isons4 ,let x be rememb]$ only t no ,japanese pa9t+ c be prop]ly und]/ood1 mu* less appreciat$1 unless we possess "s acqua9tance ) ! laws :i* control its production4 ,)\t su* k1 criticism--prais+ or condemn+ a ,japanese "w ( art--is )\t weight or value4 ,japanese pa9t]s smile we>ily :5 in=m$ t =eign]s consid] _! "w to be flat1 & at be/ m]ely decorative2 t _! pictures h no middle di/ance or p]spective1 & conta9 no %ad[s2 9 fact1 t ! art ( pa9t+ 9 ,japan is /ill 9 its infancy4 ,9 answ] to all ?is suffice x to say t :atev] a ,japanese pa9t+ fails to conta9 has be5 purposely omitt$4 ,) ,japanese arti/s x is a "q ( judgm5t & ta/e z to :at %all be pa9t$ & :at be/ left out4 ,!y nev] aim at photographic accuracy or di/ract+ detail4 ,!y pa9t :at !y feel r ?an :at !y see1 b !y fir/ see v di/9ctly4 ,x is ! arti/ic impression 7,,%a ,i7 :i* !y /rive to p]petuate 9 _! "w4 ,s f> z p]spective is conc]n$1 9 ! great treatise ( ,*u ,kai%u entitl$1 8,! ,poppy-,g>d5 ,art ,conv]sations10 a "w lay+ d[n ! fundam5tal laws ( l&scape pa9t+1 arti/s are specially w>n$ aga9/ disreg>d+ ! pr9ciple ( p]spective call$ ,,en ,,k91 mean+ :at is f> & :at is ne>4 ,! frontispiece to ! pres5t volume illu/rates h[ clev]ly p]spective is produc$ 9 ,japanese art 7,plate ,i74 ,japanese arti/s are ard5t lov]s ( nature2 !y closely obs]ve h] *ang+ moods1 & evolve e law ( _! art f su* incessant1 pati5t1 & c>eful /udy4 ,^! laws 79 all !re are sev5ty-two ( !m recogniz$ z important7 are a seal$ book to ! un9itiat$4 ,i once reque/$ a le>n$ ,japanese to translate & expla9 "s art t]ms 9 a "w on ,japanese pa9t+4 ,he frankly decl>$ he c\ld n d x1 z he _h nev] /udi$ pa9t+4 ,! ,japanese are unconsci\sly an art-lov+ p4 ,_! v education & surr\nd+s t5d to make !m s4 ,:5 ! ,japanese *ild ( t5d] age fir/ takes 8 little b[l ( rice1 a pair ( t9y *op-/icks is put into 8 "r h&4 ,he grasps !m z we w\ld a dirk4 ,8 "m !n %[s him h[ he %\ld manipulate !m4 ,he has tak5 a fir/ lesson 9 ! use ( ! bru%4 ,) practice he becomes skilful1 & "o ( 8 e>lie/ pa/imes is us+ ! *op-/icks to pick up s+le gra9s ( rice & o!r m9ute objects1 :i* is no easy ?+ to d4 ,x requires great dext]ity4 ,he is ins5sibly le>n+ h[ to h&le ! d\ble bru% 7,,ni ,,hon fude7 ) :i* an arti/ w1 among o!r ?+s1 lay on color ) "o bru% & dilute or %ade (f 7kumadori7 ! color ) ano!r1 bo? bru%es be+ held at ! same "t 9 ! same h&1 b ) diff]5t f+]s4 ,at ! age ( six ! *ild is s5t to s*ool & taught to write ) a bru% ! phonetic signs ,japanese 7=ty-sev5 9 numb]7 :i* con/itute ! ,japanese syllab>y4 ,^! signs repres5t ! =ty-sev5 pure s\nds ( ! ,japanese language & are us$ = writ+4 ,!y are kn[n z katakana & are simplifi$ ,*9ese *>act]s1 consi/+ ( two or ?ree /rokes ea*4 ,) !m any ^w 9 ,japanese c be writt54 ,x takes a ye> = a *ild to le>n all ^! signs & to write !m f memory1 b !y are an excell5t tra9+ = bo? ! eye & ! h&4 ,8 next /ep 9 education is to le>n to write ^! same s\nds 9 a diff]5t script1 call$ hiragana4 ,^! *>act]s are cursive or r\nd$ 9 =m1 :ile ! katakana are m or less squ>e4 ,! hiragana are m graceful & c be writt5 m rapidly1 b !y are m complicat$4 ,f daily practice consid]able tra9+ 9 ! use ( ! bru% & ! free movem5t ( ! "r arm & wri/ is secur$1 & ! eye is taught ins5sibly ! _m diff]5ces betwe5 ! squ>e & ! cursive =m4 ,be=e ! *ild is eight ye>s old he has become q skilful 9 writ+ ) ! bru% bo? k9ds ( kana4 ,he is next taught ! easi] ,*9ese *>act]s1--,*9ese ,,kanji & ideographs4 ,^! are mo/ +5i\sly con/ruct$ & are ( great importance 9 ! fur!r tra9+ ( ! eye & h&4 ,s greatly d ^! wond]fully conceiv$ writt5 =ms appeal to ! arti/ic s5se t a ta/e = !m ?us e>ly acquir$ leads _m a ,japanese s*ol> to devote 8 entire life to _! /udy & cultivation4 ,su* writ]s become pr(essionals & are call$ ,,%oka4 ,probably ! mo/ r5[n$ 9 all ,*9a 0 ,ogi%i4 ,japan has produc$ _m su* fam\s m51 b none great] ?an ,iwaya ,i*i ,roku1 :o has left an immortal "n4 ,f :at has be5 said ab\t writ+ ) ! bru%1 x w be und]/ood h[ ! y\? :o may det]m9e to foll[ art z a c>e] is already well prep>$ = rapid /rides !re94 ,8 h& & arm h acquir$ great fre$om ( movem5t4 ,8 eye has be5 tra9$ to obs]ve ! v>y+ l9es & intricacies ( ! /rokes & *>act]s1 & 8 s5tim5ts ( balance1 ( proportion1 ( acc5t & ( /roke ord]1 h be5 ins5sibly develop$ accord+ to subtle pr9ciples1 all aim+ at arti/ic results4 ,! k ( ,*9ese *>act]s & ! _! ability to write !m prop]ly are consid]$ ( prime importance 9 ,japanese art4 ,a fir/ c\nsel giv5 me by ,kubota ,beis5 0 to comm5ce t /udy1 & he p]sonally introduc$ me to ,i*iroku :o1 f t "t1 k9dly sup]vis$ my _m ye>s ( "w 9 ,*9ese writ+1 a pursuit truly engross+ & captivat+4 ,9 all ,japanese s*ools ! rudim5ts ( art are taught1 & *ildr5 are tra9$ to p]ceive1 feel1 & enjoy :at is beautiful 9 nature4 ,!re is no city1 village1 or hamlet 9 all ,japan t does n conta9 its plantations ( plum & *]ry blossoms 9 spr+1 its peonies & lotus ponds 9 summ]1 its *rysan!mums 9 autumn1 & camelias1 m\nta9 roses & r$ b]ries 9 w9t]4 ,! s*ool *ildr5 are tak5 "t & aga9 to see ^!1 & revel among/ !m4 ,x is a "p ( _! education4 ,excursions1 call$ ,,undokai1 are organiz$ at /at$ int]vals dur+ ! s*ool t]m & ! s*ol>s gaily tramp to di/ant p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 s++ patriotic & o!r songs ! :ile & enjoy+ ! view ( wat]falls1 broad & w9d+ riv]s1 autumn maples1 or sn[-capp$ m\nta9s4 ,9 addition to ?is1 trips are tak5 to all fam\s temples & hi/orical places includ+1 :]e conv5i5tly ne>1 ! ?ree great views ( ,japan1--,matsu%ima1 ,ama ,no ,ha%i ,date1 & ,myajima4 ,?us a ta/e = l&scape is inculcat$ & becomes second nature4 ,fur!rmore1 ! s*ol>s are enc\rag$ to closely wat* e =m ( life1 includ+ butt]flies1 crickets1 beetles1 birds1 goldfi%1 %ell-fi%1 & ! l2 & ,i h se5 m9iature l&scape g>d5s made by ,japanese *ildr51 mo/ clev]ly reproduc+ *>m+ views & conta9$ 9 a %all[ box or tray4 ,?is g5tle little art is call$ ,,bonsai or hako niwa4 ,! ,tea ,c]emony1 by ,miss ,uyemura ,%o54 ,plate ,,ii4 ,! ,tea ,c]emony1 by ,miss ,uyemura ,%o54 ,plate ,,ii4 ,my purpose 9 allud+ to all ?is is to indicate t a boy on leav+ s*ool has absorb$ already mu* arti/ic education & is fairly well equipp$ = beg9n+ a special c\rse 9 ! art s*ools ( ! empire4 ,^! s*ools diff] 9 _! me?ods ( in/ruction1 & _m *anges h be5 introduc$ 9 !m dur+ ! pres5t reign1 or ,meiji p]iod1 b sub/antially ! c\rse takes f ?ree to f\r ye>s & embraces copy+ 7,,i%a mitori71 trac+ 7,,mo%a1 tsuki-utsu%i71 r$uc+ 7,,%ukuzu1 *ijime-ru71 & compos+ 7,,%iko1 tsukuri kata74 ,9 copy+1 ! tea*] usually fir/ pa9ts ! p>ticul> subject & ! /ud5t reproduces x "u 8 sup]vision4 ,kubota's inv>iable me?od 0 to require ! pupil on ! foll[+ day to reproduce f memory 7,,an ,,ki7 ! subject ?us copi$4 ,?is eng5d]s confid5ce4 ,9 trac+1 ?9 pap] is plac$ ov] ! picture & ! outl9es 7,,r9 ,,kaku7 are trac$ accord+ to ! exact ord] 9 :i* ! orig9al subject 0 execut$1 an ord] :i* is e/abli%$ by rule2 ?us a prop] /yle & bru% habit are acquir$4 ,! correct sequ5ce ( ! l9es & p>ts ( a pa9t+ is ( ! highe/ importance to its arti/ic effect4 ,9 r$uc+ ! size ( :at is /udi$1 ! laws ( proportion are ins5sibly le>n$4 ,?is is ( great use aft]w>ds 9 sket*+ 7,,%assei74 ,i believe t 9 ! habit ( reproduc+1 z taught 9 ! s*ools1 lies ! secret ( ! extraord9>y skill ( ! ,japanese artisan :o c produce m>vel\s effects 9 compress+ sc5]y & o!r subjects c\rse )9 ! v smalle/ dim5sions & yet pres]ve correct proportions & balance4 ,no?+ c excel 9 ma/]ly r$uction ! m9iature l&scape "w ( ! r5[n$ ,kaneiye1 z exhibit$ 9 8 priceless sword gu>ds 7tsuba74 ,sket*+ comes lat] 9 ! c\rse & is taught only aft] facility has be5 acquir$ 9 ! o!r ?ree dep>tm5ts4 ,x embraces ev]y?+ )9 doors & )\t--ev]y?+ 9 ! univ]se :i* has =m or %ape goes into ! arti/'s sket*-book 7,,k5 ,,kon no u*i ,,kei ,,%o arumono m9a ,,fun ,,pon to nasu7--& =ms "p ( ! c\rse 9 composition1 :i* is int5d$ to develop ! imag9ative faculties 7,,sozo74 ,kubota 0 s skilful 9 sket*+ t :ile travel+ rapidly ?r\gh a c\ntry he c\ld fai?fully reproduce ! sali5t features ( an ext5d$ l&scape1 con=mable to ! g5]al rule 9 sket*+1 t :at fir/ attracts ! eye is to be pa9t$ fir/1 all else becom+ subord9ate to x 9 ! s*eme4 ,aga91 he c\ld pa9t ! sc5]y & p]sonages ( any hi/orical song 7joruri7 z x 0 be+ sung to him1 reproduc+ ev]y?+ !re9 describ$ & f9i%+ 8 "w 9 exact "t ) ! la/ b> ( ! music4 ,8 arm & wri/ 7 s free & flexible t 8 bru% skipp$ ab\t ) ! velocity ( a dragon-fly4 ,z an (fh& pa9t] 7,,sekijo71 or z a contributor to an impromptu picture 9 :i* sev]al arti/s w 9 turn p>ticipate1 su* jo9t composition be+ kn[n z ,,gassaku1 ,kubota /ood facile pr9ceps among mod]n ,japanese arti/s4 ,! ,kyoto pa9t]s h always be5 mo/ gift$ 9 t k9d ( accompli%m5t4 ,9 _! day ,watanabe ,nangaku1 a pupil ( ,okyo1 ,bairei1 & ,hyakun51 all ( ,kyoto1 7 fam\s z ,,sekijo pa9t]s4 ,! art /ud5t hav+ complet$ 8 c\rse is n[ qualifi$ to atta* himself to "s ( ! great arti/s1 into ^: h\sehold he w be admitt$ & ^: de%i or art disciple he becomes f t "t on4 ,! relation betwe5 su* ma/] 7,,s5sei7 & 8 pupil 7de%i7 is ! mo/ k9dly imag9able4 ,inde$1 de%i is a v beautiful ^w1 mean+ a y\ng] bro!r1 & 0 fir/ appli$ to ! ,buddhi/ disciples ( ,%akka4 ,! ma/] treats him z "o ( 8 family & ! pupil rev]es ! ma/] z 8 div9ity4 ,great] mutual reg>d & affection exi/ n[h]e & _m pupils rema9 m or less atta*$ to ! ma/]'s h\sehold until 8 dea?4 ,to ! mo/ fai?ful & skilful ( ^! ! ma/] be/[s or bequea?s 8 "n or a "p ( x1 or 8 nom de plume 7,,g72 & ?us x is t ! celebrat$ s*ools 7,,ryugi or ,,ha or ,,fu7 ( ,japanese pa9t+ h be5 =m$ & p]petuat$1 beg9n+ ) ,kanaoka1 ,tosa1 ,kano1 & ,okyo1 & br\ght d[n to po/]ity ?r\gh ! devot$1 & ,i might say sacr$ ef=ts ( _! pupils1 to pres]ve ! me?ods & traditions ( ^? great m54 ,pupils ( ! e>li] pa9t]s took _! ma/]s' family names1 :i* acc\nts = s _m ,tosas & ,kanos4 ,great pa9t]s h always be5 held 9 high e/eem 9 ,japan1 n only by _! pupils1 b also by ! :ole nation4 ,*ikudo1 ! di/+ui%$ tig] pa9t]1 ,bairei1 "o ( ! mo/ r5[n$ ( ! ,,%ijo ,,ha or ,m>uyama s*ool1 ,ha%imoto ,gaho1 a pupil ( ,kano ,massano & a lead+ expon5t ( ! ,kano /yle 7,kano ,,ha71 & ,katei1 a ,nangwa arti/1 all only rec5tly deceas$1 7 glorifi$ 9 _! lifetime4 ,/range to say1 no "o ev] saw ,gaho ) bru% 9 h&4 ,he nev] w\ld pa9t be=e 8 pupils or 9 any "o's pres5ce4 ,8 in/ructions 7 oral4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,kubota ,beis5 0 always at 8 be/ :5 pa9t+ be=e cr[ds ( admir]s4 ,prior to ! ,meiji p]iod ! great pa9t]s atta*$ to ! h\sehold ( a ,daimyo 7 call$ ,o ,e%i4 ,pa9t]s :o sold _! pa9t+s 7 /yl$ ,e kaki4 ,n[ all pa9t]s are call$ ,,gwa ,,ka4 ,engrav]s1 sculptors1 pr9t mak]s & ! l 7 & /ill are d5om9at$ ,,%okun91 mean+ artisans4 ,! compreh5sive t]m 8f9e arts0 7,,bijutsu7 is ( q rec5t creation 9 ,japan4 ,to say a few words ab\t ! diff]5t s*ools ( pa9t+ 9 ,japan1 !re 7 great arti/s !re1 _m c5turies be=e ,italy _h produc$ ,mi*ael ,angelo or ,raphael4 ,! art ( pa9t+ began m ?an fifte5 hundr$ ye>s ago & has cont9u$ 9 un9t]rupt$ desc5t f t remote "t d[n to ?is =ty-f\r? ye> ( ,meiji1 ! pres5t emp]or's reign4 ,no o!r c\ntry 9 ! civiliz$ _w c produce su* an art record4 ,"o ?\s& ye>s be=e ,am]ica 0 discov]$1 five hundr$ ye>s be=e ,engl& _h a "n1 & long be=e civilization _h any mean+ 9 ,europe1 !re 7 arti/s 9 ,japan foll[+ ! pr(ession ( pa9t+ ) ! same ardor & ! same intellig5ce !y are n[ be/[+ ^u _! art 9 ?is tw5tie? c5tury ( our era4 ,:5 ,buddhism 0 introduc$ !re 9 ! six? c5tury1 a great s*ool ( ,buddhi/ arti/s began its long c>e]4 ,among ! names t /& out f beh9d ! mi/ ( ages is t ( ,kud>a no ,kawan>i1 :o came f ,corea4 ,9 ! n9? c5tury liv$ ! celebrat$ ,kose ,kanaoka4 ,he pa9t$ 9 :at 0 call$ ! pure ,japanese /yle1 yamato e1 yamato be+ ! e>lie/ "n by :i* ,japan 0 designat$4 ,he pa9t$ portraits & l&scapes1 & 8 s*ool hav+ a great foll[+1 la/$ ?r\gh five c5turies4 ,kose ,kimi ,mo*i1 8 pupil1 ,kimitada & ,hirotaka 7 di/+ui%$ disciples ( ,kanaoka4 ,! ,tosa s*ool came next1 beg9n+ ) ,tosa ,motomitsu1 foll[$ by ,mitsunaga1 ,nobuzane & ,mitsunobu4 ,x dates back to ! p]iod ( ! ,kamakura ,%ogunate eight hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,its arti/s conf9$ !mselves pr9cipally to pa9t+ c\rt sc5es1 c\rt nobles1 & ! v>i\s c]emonies ( c\rt life4 ,?is s*ool always us$ color 9 its pa9t+s4 ,aft] ,tosa came ! s*ools ( ,sumiyo%i1 ,takuma1 ,kassuga1 & ,ses%u4 ,ses%u 0 a g5ius ( t[]+ proportions & an indefatigable arti/ ( ! v highe/ rank z a l&scape pa9t]4 ,he _h a fam\s pupil nam$ ,sesson4 ,foll[+ ,ses%u came ! celebrat$ s*ool ( ,kano arti/s1 f\nd$ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury by ,kano ,masanobu4 ,x took ,japan captive4 ,x _h a trem5d\s vogue & foll[+1 & has come d[n to ! pres5t day ?r\gh a succession ( great pa9t]s4 ,!re 7 two bran*es1 "o 9 ,edo 7,tokyo71 :i* includ$ ,kano ,masanobu1 ,motonobu1 8 son1 ,eitoku1 ,motonobu's pupil1 & lat]1 ,tanyu 7,mor9obu7 ,tan%91 8 pupil1 ,koetsu1 ,naonobu1 ,tsun5obu1 ,morikage1 ,it*o1 & f9ally ,ha%imoto ,gaho1 its late/ di/+ui%$ repres5tative1 :o is b rec5tly deceas$4 ,! o!r bran*1 kn[n z ! ,kyoto ,kano1 includ$ ! fam\s ,san ,raku1 ,e9o1 ,san ,setsu1 & o!rs4 ,by "s critics ,san ,raku is plac$ at ! head ( all ! ,kano arti/s4 ,! ,kano pa9t]s are rem>kable = ! boldness & liv+ /r5g? ( ! bru% /rokes 7fude no *ic>a or fude no ikioi71 z well z = ! brilliancy or %e5 7tsuya7 & %ad+ ( ! sumi4 ,?is latt] effect--! play ( light & %ade 9 ! /roke1 consid]$ almo/ a div9e gift--is call$ ,,boku%oku1 & recalls some:at ! t]m *i>oscuru4 ,! range ( subjects ( ! ,kano pa9t]s 0 orig9ally limit$ to classic ,*9ese sc5]y1 treat$ ) simplicity & ref9em5t1 & to ,*9ese p]sonages1 sages & philosoph]s2 color 0 us$ sp>+ly4 ,o!r s*ools1 m or less (f%oots ( ! ,kano /yle 7,,ryu7 ( pa9t+1 came next--e4 g41 ,kor9 & 8 imitator1 ,hoitsu1 ! ,,daimyo ( ,sakai1 :o 0 said to use p[d]$ gold & preci\s /ones 9 8 pigm5ts4 ,kor9 has nev] _h 8 equal z a pa9t] on lacqu]4 ,8 "w is said to be le regal des delicats4 ,ano!r disciple ( ! ,kano s*ool1 & a pupil ( ,yutei1 0 ,m>uyama ,okyo1 :o f\nd$ 9 turn a s*ool ( art :i* is ! mo/ widely spread & fl\ri%+ 9 ,japan today4 ,m>uyama1 n ,okyo1 0 ! family "n ( t arti/4 ,! "n ,okyo orig9at$ ?us3 ,m>uyama1 mu* admir+ an anci5t pa9t] nam$ ,%un ,kyo1 took ! latt] half ( t "n1 ,kyo1 & prefix+ an 8,o0 to x1 made x ,okyo1 :i* he !n adopt$4 ,8 /yle is call$ ,,%i ,,jo ,,fu1 ,,%i ,,jo be+ ! "n ( t "p ( ,kyoto :]e he resid$1 & ,,fu mean+ /yle or mann]1 & its *>act]i/ic is arti/ic fidelity to ! objects repres5t$4 ,by "s x is call$ ! reali/ic s*ool1 & includes su* well-kn[n h\sehold names z ,go%un1 pupil ( ,busson1 ,sos51 ! great monkey pa9t]1 ,tessan 7,plate ,,iii47 & 8 son1 ,morikwansai1 ,bairei1 ,*i-kudo1 ! tig] pa9t]1 ,hyakun5 & 8 ?ree pupils1 ,ke951 ,%on5 & ,beis51 ,kawabata ,gyoku%o1 ,torei1 ,%o51 & ,takeu*i ,seiho4 ,!re are /ill o!r s*ools 7,,ryugi7 :i* might be m5tion$1 includ+ t ( ! ,,nangwa1 or ,*9ese s\!rn pa9t]s1 ( ,*9ese orig9 & rem>kable = ! gracefulness ( ! bru% /roke1 ! effective treatm5t ( ! masses & = ! play ( light & %ade ?r\gh\t ! composition4 ,among ! great ,,nangwa pa9t]s are ,taigado1 ,*ikud51 ,baietsu 7,plate ,,viii7 & ,katei4 ,to ?is s*ool is ref]r$ a /yle ( pa9t+ affect$ exclusively by ! pr(essional writ]s ( ,*9ese *>act]s1 & call$ ,,bunj+wa4 ,to ^! ,i w allude fur!r on4 ,! v]satile arti/1 ,tani ,bun*o1 creat$ a s*ool :i* _h _m adh]5ts1 includ+ ! di/+ui%$ ,watanabe ,kwazan & ,eiko ( ,tokyo1 lately deceas$1 "o ( its be/ expon5ts4 ,! art ( pa9t+ is en?usia/ically pursu$ at ! pres5t "t 9 ,kyoto1 ,tokyo1 ,nagoya & ,osaka4 ,9 ,tokyo1 ,ha%i ,moto ,gaho 0 g5]ally conc$$ to be1 up to ! "t ( 8 dea? 9 #aijh1 ! =emo/ arti/ 9 ,japan4 ,al?\gh ( ! ,kano s*ool1 he greatly admir$ ,european art1 & ! treatm5t ( ! human figure 9 "s ( 8 late/ pa9t+s recalls ! mann] ( ! e>ly ,flemi% arti/s4 ,my fir/ meet+ ) ,gaho 0 at 8 home4 ,:ile wait+ = him1 ,i obs]v$ susp5d$ 9 ! tokonoma1 or alcove1 a n>r[ little kakemono by ,kano ,moto ,nobu1 repres5t+ an old man ^u a donkey cross+ a bridge4 ,a small bronze vase conta9+ a s+le fl[] spray 0 ! sole ornam5t 9 ! room4 ,?is gave ! keynote to ,gaho's "*--classic simplicity1 ev] reflect$ 9 8 "w4 ,he _h _m foll[]s4 ,8 me?od ( in/ruction ) advanc$ pupils 0 to give !m subjects su* z 8,a ,day 9 ,spr+10 8,solitude10 8,an ,autumn ,morn+10 or ! l1 & he 0 mo/ insi/5t ^u all ! ess5tials to ! prop] effect be+ introduc$4 ,8 criticisms 7 always lum9\s & sympa!tic4 ,he advis$ 8 /ud5ts to copy ev]y?+ good1 b to imitate no-"o1--to develop individuality4 ,he left ?ree v di/+ui%$ & able pupils--,gyokudo1 ,kan ,zan & ,boku ,s54 ,*ick5s 9 ,spr+1 by ,mori ,tessan4 ,plate ,,iii4 ,*ick5s 9 ,spr+1 by ,mori ,tessan4 ,plate ,,iii4 ,s9ce ,gaho's dea?1 ,kawabata ,gyoku%o1 an ,okyo arti/1 is ! recogniz$ lead] ( ! capital4 ,9 ,kyoto1 ,takeu*i ,seiho1 an e>ly pupil ( ,bairei1 n[ occupies ! =emo/ place1 al?\gh ,%on5 & ,ke951 pupils ( ,hyakun51 /ill hold a high rank4 ,recurr+ to ! "t ( ,tosa1 !re is ano!r s*ool beg9n+ "u ,matahei & p]petuat$ ?r\gh _m g5]ations ( popul> arti/s1 includ+ ,utam>o1 ,yeis5 & ,hokusai1 & com+ d[n to ! pres5t date4 ,?is is ! ,ukiyo e or float+-_w-picture s*ool4 ,x is f> bett] kn[n ?r\gh its pr9ts ?an its pa9t+s4 ,! great pa9t]s ( ,japan h nev] held ?is s*ool 9 any favor4 ,at "o "t or ano!r ,i h visit$ ne>ly e di/+ui%$ arti/'s /udio 9 ,japan1 & ,i "k p]sonally mo/ ( ! lead+ arti/s ( t c\ntry4 ,i h nev] se5 a ,japanese pr9t 9 ! possession ( any ( !m1 & ,i "k _! s5tim5ts ab\t all su* "w4 ,a pr9t is a lifeless production1 & x w\ld be q impossible = a ,japanese arti/ to take pr9ts into any s]i\s consid]ation4 ,!y rank no high] ?an cut velvet sc5]y or embroid]$ scre5s4 ,i am aw>e t su* pr9ts are 9 great favor ) _m en?usia/s & t collectors highly value !m2 b !y d n exemplify art z ! ,japanese und]/& t t]m4 ,x mu/ be admitt$1 h[ev]1 t ! pr9ts h be5 ( s]vice 9 sev]al ways4 ,!y fir/ attract$ ! _w's att5tion to ! subject ( ,japanese art 9 g5]al4 ,comm5c+ ) an exhibition ( !m 9 ,london a half c5tury ago1 ! pr9ts ( ,ukiyo or g5re subjects came rapidly into favor & ev] s9ce h comm&$ ! notice & admiration ( collectors 9 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,_m p are ev5 "u ! impression t ! pr9ts repres5t ,japanese pa9t+1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 is a great mi/ake4 ,!re h be5 arti/s 9 ,japan :o1 9 ! ,ukiyo e mann]1 h pa9t$ kakemono1 ,,byobu & makimono4 ,! ^w kakemono is appli$ to a pa9t+ on silk or pap]1 w\nd ^u a wood5 roll] & unroll$ & hung up to be se54 ,kak]u means to susp5d & mono means an object1 h5ce kakemono1 a susp5d$ object4 ,,byobu signifies w9d protector or scre52 makimono1 mean+ a w\nd ?+1 is a pa9t+ 9 scroll =m4 ,x is n susp5d$1 b simply unroll$ = inspection4 ,su* orig9al "w by ,matahei & o!rs is extant4 ,b mo/ ( ! ,ukiyo e1 or pictures 9 ! popul> /yle1 are pr9ts /ruck f wood blocks & are ! jo9t production ( ! arti/1 ! wood engrav]1 ! color sme>] & ! pr9t]1 all ( :om h contribut$ to & are m or less entitl$ to cr$it = ! result2 & t is "o reason :y ! arti/-_w ( ,japan objects to or ignores !m2 !y are n ! spontane\s1 liv+1 palpitat+ production ( ! arti/'s bru%4 ,x is well kn[n t arti/s ( ! ,ukiyo e s*ool frequ5tly indicat$ only by writt5 in/ructions h[ _! outl9e draw+s = ! pr9ts %\ld be color$1 leav+ ! detail ( su* "w to ! color sme>]4 ,ap>t f ! fact t ! colors employ$ 7 ! *eape/ ! m>ket af=d$1 & are f\nd (t5 to be awkw>dly appli$1 !re is too mu* ab\t ! pr9ts t is measur$1 me*anical & calculat$ to satisfy ,japanese art 9 its highe/ s5se4 ,frequ5tly m ?an "o engrav] 0 employ$ ^u a s+le pr9t4 ,! engrav]s _h _! specialties2 "s 7 engag$ = ! coiffure or head-dress 7mage71 o!r = ! l9es ( ! face1 o!rs = ! dress 7kimono71 o!rs /ill = patt]n 7,,moyo71 et cet]a4 ,! mo/ skilful engrav]s 9 ,y$o 7 call$ ka%ira bori & 7 always employ$ on ,utam>o & ,hokusai pr9ts4 ,_m ( ! colors ( ^! pr9ts 9 _! s(t1 neutral %ades1 are raptur\sly extoll$ by =eign connoisseurs z evid5ce ( ! m>vel\s ta/e ( ! ,japanese pa9t]4 ,b1 really1 "t m ?an art is to be cr$it$ ) ton+ d[n su* t9ts to _! pres5t delicate hues4 ,9 ?is respect1 l ,p]sian rugs1 !y improve ) age & exposure4 ,an additional objection to mo/ ( ! pr9ts is t !y reproduce trivial1 ord9>y1 e-day occurr5ces 9 ! life ( ! mass ( ! p z x moves on4 ,!y are m or less plebian4 ,! pr9ts be+ int5d$ = sale to ! common p1 ! subjects ( !m1 h[ev] skilfully h&l$1 _h to be commonplace4 ,!y 7 n pur*as$ by ! nobility or high] classes4 ,soldi]s1 f>m]s1 & o!rs b\ght !m z pres5ts 7miage7 = _! wives & *ildr51 & !y 7 g5]ally sold = a p5ny apiece1 s t 9 ,japan pr9ts 7 a *eap sub/itute = art ) ! l[] classes1 j z ,raspail says g>lic has always be5 ! camphor ( ! poor 9 ,france4 ,! practice ( issu+ ,ukiyo e pr9ts at v l[ prices /ill cont9ues 9 ,tokyo1 :]e e week or two su* color$ publications are sprung up 9 front ( ! book-/alls & are /ill z eag]ly pur*as$ by ! common p z !y 7 9 ,tokugawa days4 ,! prices ! old pr9ts n[ br+ are out ( all proportion to _! intr9sic value1 yet1 su* is ! cresc5do craze to acquire !m t ,japan has be5 almo/ dra9$ ( ! supply1 ! numb] ( pr9ts ( ! be/ k9d be+ limit$1 l t ( ,cremona viol9s ( ! good mak]s4 ,pr9ts are g5u9e orig9als ( a fir/ or subsequ5t issue1 call$ respectively1 ,,%o ,,han & ,,sai ,,han1 or !y are reproductions m or less clev]ly copi$ ^u new blocks1 or !y are fraudul5t imitations 7,,ganbutsu7 ( ! orig9al issues1 (t5 difficult to detect4 ,! v wormholes are burnt into !m ) ,,s5ko or p]fume /icks & clev] workm5 are employ$ to make su* & o!r trick]y successful4 ,a long *apt] c\ld be writt5 ab\t _! di%one/ devices4 ,copies ( g5u9e pr9ts 7,,hon ,,koku71 made f new blocks aft] ! mann] ( ! anci5t ones1 ab\nd1 & 7 n int5d$ to pass = orig9als4 ,y$o1 :]e ! pr9t indu/ry 0 *iefly c>ri$ on1 has _h s _m de/ructive conflagrations t mo/ ( ! old ,ukiyo e blocks h be5 de/roy$4 ,at ,nagoya ! h\se ( ,to ,heki ,d /ill pres]ves ! orig9al blocks ( ! ,,mangwa or miscellane\s draw+s ( ,hokusai1 b !y are mu* worn4 ,pr9ts are kn[n by v>i\s names1 su* z ezo%i 7illu/rations71 ni%iki e1 edo e 7,y$o pictures71 sunmono & ,,insatsu4 ,x may be ( int]e/ to "k t ! pr9t blocks1 :5 s worn z to be no long] s]viceable = pr9ts1 are sometimes conv]t$ into fire-boxes 7hiba*i7 & tobacco trays 7tobacco bon7 :i*1 :5 highly poli%$1 are decorative & unique4 ,p]haps a useful purpose pr9ts h s]v$ is to record ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ! p ( ! p]iods :5 !y 7 /ruck (f4 ,!y %[ n only prevail+ /yles ( dress & headdress1 b also ! pursuits & amusem5ts ( ! common folk4 ,!y are excell5t deposit>ies ( dress patt]n 7,,moyo7 or decoration1 ^u :i* f]tile subject ,japan has always be5 a lead+ au?ority4 ,9 ! e>ly ,meiji p]iod pr9t pa9t]s frequ5tly delegat$ su* m9ute patt]n "w to _! be/ pupils1 ^: seals 7,,97 w be f\nd ^u ! pr9ts ?us elaborat$4 ,! pr9ts pres]ve ! rul+ fa%ions ( diff]5t p]iods 9 combs & o!r hair ornam5ts1 fans1 foot-ge>1 s+le & multiple scre5s1 fire-boxes & o!r h\sehold ornam5ts & ut5sils4 ,!y also furni% specim5s ( temple & h\se ar*itecture1 g>d5 plans1 fl[] arrangem5ts 7ike bana71 bamboo1 twig & o!r f5ces4 ,aga91 !y reproduce ! /age1 ) its fam\s actors 9 hi/orical dramas2 battle sc5es1 ) w>riors & h]oes2 *>act]s 9 folk-lore & o!r /ories1 & wre/l+ mat*es1 ) ! popul> *ampions2 & we w (t5 f9d ^u ! face ( ! pr9t good reproductions ( ,*9ese & ,japanese writ+1 9 poems & descriptive prose pieces4 ,hokusai illu/rat$ mu* ( ! classic poetry ( ,*9a & ,japan1 z well z ! ,,s5jimon1 or ,?\s& ,"* ,*9ese classic1 a "w =m]ly univ]sally taught 9 ! ,japanese s*ools4 ,! orig9al *>act]s = ?is rem>kable compilation 7 tak5 f ! writ+s ( ,ogi%i4 ,! pr9ts h aid$ 9 tea*+ elem5t>y hi/ory to ! "y2 ! k ( ,japanese *ildr5 9 ?is connection is (t5 rem>kable & may be attribut$ to ! educational influ5ce ( ! ,ukiyo e publications4 ,s !re are c]ta9ly good words to be said = ! pr9ts1 b !y are n ,japanese art 9 its be/ s5se1 h[ev] int]e/+ z a subord9ate phase ( x1 & 9 no s5se are !y ,japanese pa9t+4 ,if limit$ to a *oice ( "o arti/ ( ! ,ukiyo e s*ool1 no mi/ake w\ld be made1 ,i ?9k1 9 select+ ,hiro%ige1 ^: l&scapes fairly reproduce ! s5tim5t ( ,japanese sc5]y1 al?\gh ! pr9ts be>+ 8 "n fall f> %ort ( reproduc+ t arti/'s color s*emes4 ,hokusai's reputation ) =eign]s is great] ?an ,hiro%ige's1 b ,japanese arti/s d n take ,hokusai s]i\sly4 ,8 pictures1 !y decl>e1 reflect ! re/lessness ( 8 disposition2 8 peaks ( ,fuji are all too po9t$1 & 8 mann] g5]ally is exagg]at$ & !atrical4 ,utam>o's wom5 ( ! ,yo%iw>a are c]ta9ly c>eful /udies 9 graceful l9e draw+1--z correct z ,greek drap]y 9 m>ble4 ,iwasa ,matahei1 ! f\nd] ( ! popul> s*ool1 0 a pupil ( ,mitsunori1 a ,kyoto arti/ & foll[] ( ,tosa4 ,matahei dislik$ ,tosa subjects & pref]r$ to depict ! fleet+ usages ( ! p1 s he 0 nicknam$ ,fleet+ ,_w or ,ukiyo ,matahei1 & ?us orig9at$ ! "n ,ukiyo e or pictures ( e-day life4 ,!re are no g5u9e ,matahei pr9ts4 ,he dates back to ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,pr(ile faces 9 orig9al scre5 pa9t+s by him h an ,assyrian ca/ ( c\nt5ance1 ! eye be+ pa9t$ z ?\gh se5 9 full face4 ,hi%ikawa ,moronobu 0 8 foll[] & admir]4 ,he 0 an arti/ ( ,y$o4 ,ni%ikawa ,suk5obu belong$ to ! ,kano s*ool & 0 a pupil ( ,kano ,eiko4 ,he adopt$ ! ,ukiyo e /yle & depict$ ! pa/imes ( wom5 & ! portraits ( actors4 ,he liv$ two hundr$ & tw5ty ye>s ago & 9 8 "t pr9ts came greatly into vogue4 ,torii ,kyonobu pa9t$ wom5 & actors & inv5t$ ! k9d ( pictur$ !atrical p[]s :i* are /ill 9 fa%ion1 plac>d$ at ! entrance to !at]s & %[+ /rik+ incid5ts 9 ! play4 ,suzuki ,h>unobu nev] pa9t$ actors1 pref]r+ to reproduce ! fem99e beauties ( 8 "t4 ,x 0 to 8 c>eful "w t 0 fir/ appli$ ! t]m ni%iki e or brocade pictures1 on acc\nt ( ! *>m ( 8 decorative mann]4 ,he liv$ "o hundr$ & ?irty ye>s ago4 ,among ! _m able =eign writ]s on ,japanese pr9ts ,f5ollosa /&s prom95t4 ,he resid$ = a long "t 9 ,japan1 und]/ood & spoke ! language1 & liv$ ! life ( ! p4 ,he 0 9 great sympa?y ) !m & ) _! art & enjoy$ exceptional opportunities = see+ & /udy+ ! be/ treasures ( t c\ntry4 ,_h he possess$ ! tra9+ necess>y to pa9t 9 ! ,japanese /yle ,i d n ?9k he w\ld h devot$ s mu* "t to ,japanese woodcuts4 ,visit+ me at ,kyoto1 :]e ,i 0 busily engag$ 9 pa9t+1 8,ah60 he cri$1 8t is :at ,i h always long$ to d4 ,soon] or lat] ,i %all foll[ y\r example40 ,b he nev] did4 ,in/ead1 he issu$ a l>ge "w on ,japanese pr9ts4 ,8 dea? 0 a real loss to ! art lit]ature ( ,japan4 ,dur+ eight ye>s he 0 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,japanese gov]nm5t ransack+1 catalogu+ & photograph+ ! multitud9\s art treasures1 pa9t+s1 kakemono1 makimono1 & ,,byobu 7pictures1 scrolls & scre5s71 to be f\nd 9 ! v>i\s ,buddhi/ & o!r temples & mona/]ies scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! empire4 ,! la/ "t we met1 he rem>k$1 8,h[ c "o will+ly leave ?is l& ( light8 ,japan1 to my m9d1 /&s = :atev] is beautiful 9 nature & true 9 art2 "h ,i hope to pass ! rema9+ ye>s ( my life40 ,su* 0 8 g5u9e en?usiasm1 eng5d]$ by a long acqua9tance ) art & ev]y?+ else beautiful 9 t c\ntry4 ,japan impresses 9 ?is way all :o see x "u prop] conditions1 b un=tunately ! ord9>y travel]1 pu%$ = "t1 & ^: acqua9tance is limit$ to pr(essional guides1 nev] gets mu* beyond ! sights1 ! %ops & ! curio deal]s4 ,sn[ ,sc5e 9 ,kaga1 by ,kubota ,beis54 ,plate ,,iv4 ,sn[ ,sc5e 9 ,kaga1 by ,kubota ,beis54 ,plate ,,iv4 ,! "q is (t5 ask$1 8,is !re any good book on ,japanese pa9t+80 ,i "k ( none 9 any language except ,japanese4 ,! foll[+ are among ! be/ works on ! subject3 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,japanese ,pa9t+ 7,,hon ,,*o ,,ga%i71 by ,kano ,eno4 ,a ,treasure ,volume 7,,bampo ,,z5 ,,%o71 by ,ki ,moto ,ka ,ho4 ,! ,pa9t]'s ,conv5i5t ,ref]5ce 7,,goko ,,b5 ,,ran71 by ,arai ,haku ,seki4 ,a ,collection ( ,celebrat$ ,japanese ,pa9t+s 7,,ko ,,*o ,,meiga ,,%u ,e71 by ,hiyama ,gi ,%94 ,ideas on ,design 9 ,pa9t+ 7,,to ,,ga ,,ko71 by ,saito ,heko ,m>o4 ,a ,disc\rse on ,japanese ,pa9t+ 7,,hon*o ,,gwa ,,san71 by ,tani ,bun*o4 ,important ,reflections on ,all ,k9ds ( ,pa9t+ 7,,gwa ,,jo ,,yo ,,ryaku71 by ,arai ,kayo4 ,a ,treatise on ,fam\s ,japanese ,pa9t+s 7,,fu ,,s ,,mei ,,gwa ,,d571 by ,hori ,nao ,kaku4 ,obs]vations on ,anci5t ,pictures 7,,ko ,,gwa ,,bi ,,ko71 by ,asa ,oka ,kotei4 ,a ,treatise on ,fam\s ,pa9t]s 7,,fu ,,s ,,gwa ,,j971 by ,ko ,%itsu ,ryo ,*u4 ,a ,treatise on ,japanese ,pa9t+ 7,,yamato ,,ni%iki ,,kem ,,bun ,,%o71 by ,kuro ,kama ,%un ,son4 ,a ,treatise on ! ,laws ( ,pa9t+ 7,,gwafu71 by ,ran ,sai1 a pupil ( ,*9anp94 ,! "w is volum9\s & is bo? ( great use & au?ority4 ,,*o ,,*u ,,gwa ,,fu1 by ,*iku ,to4 ,,%a ,,zan ,,gakugwa ,,h51 by ,bun*o4 ,translations ( all ^! works into ,engli% are greatly to be desir$4 ,!re is mu* t has be5 sympa!tically writt5 & publi%$ ab\t ,japanese pa9t+s bo? 9 ,europe & ,am]ica1 b h[ev] laudatory1 x might be all summ$ up "u ! title1 8,impressions ( an ,outsid]40 ,su* writ+s lack ! au?ority :i* only con/ant labor 9 ! field ( practical art c conf]4 ,a ,japanese arti/1 by :i* ,i mean a pa9t]1 is long 9 mak+4 ,f t5 to fifte5 ye>s ( cont9u\s /udy & application are requir$ be=e mu* skill is atta9$4 ,dur+ t "t he gradually absorbs a k ( ! _m pr9ciples1 precepts1 maxims & me?ods1 :i* toge!r con/itute ! corpus or body ( art doctr9e h&$ d[n f a remote antiquity & pres]v$ ei!r 9 books or p]petuat$ by tradition4 ,along ) ^! are innum]able art secrets call$ hiji or himitsu1 nev] publi%$1 b orally imp>t$ by ! ma/]s to _! pupils--n secrets 9 a trick s5se1 b me?ods ( execution discov]$ aft] labori\s ef=t & treasur$ z valu$ possessions4 ,x is obvi\s1 !n1 h[ incapable ( writ+ te*nically ^u ! subject mu/ anyone be :o has n gone ?r\gh su* curriculum & _h drill$ into him all t v>i$ in/ruction :i* makes up ! body ( rules applicable to t art4 ,i h read _m s]i\sly writt5 appreciations ( ,japanese pa9t+s publi%$ 9 v>i\s mod]n languages1 & ev5 "s amiable imag9+s p5n$ = =eign]s by ,japanese :o fancy !y "k by in/9ct :at only c be acquir$ aft] long /udy & practice ) bru% 9 h&4 ,all su* writ]s are *>act]iz$ 9 ,japan by a v polite t]m1 %iroto--:i* means amateur4 ,x also has a second>y signification ( empt9ess4 ,*apt] #c ,head-,b&3 ,! design call$ 8,dew on ! ,grass & ,butt]flies0 7tsuyu1 kusa ni *o74 ,,*apt] ,,?ree4 ,,laws ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,bru% ,,& ,,mat]ials ,^u a subject z te*nical z t ( ,japanese pa9t+1 to endeavor to imp>t correct in=mation 9 a way t %all be bo? in/ructive & ent]ta9+ is an und]tak+ ( no little difficulty4 ,! rules & canons ( any art :5 enum]at$1 classifi$ & expla9$1 are likely to prove try+1 if n we>isome read+4 ,yet1 if our object be to acquire accurate k1 we mu/ cons5t to make "s sacrifice to atta9 x1 & !re is no royal road to a k ( ,japanese pa9t+4 ,we h little or no opportunity 9 ,am]ica1 except+ 9 "o or two cities1 to see good specim5s ( ! "w ( ! great pa9t]s ( ,japan4 ,fur!rmore1 su* "w 9 kakemono =m is se5 to mu* disadvantage :5 exhibit$ 9 numb]s /rung along ! walls ( a museum4 ,japanese kakemono 7hang+ pa9t+s7 are be/ view$ s+ly1 susp5d$ 9 ! recess ( ! tokonoma1 or alcove4 ,a c]ta9 seclusion is ess5tial to ! enjoym5t ( _! delicate & subtle effects2 ! surr\nd+s %\ld be sugge/ive ( leisure & repose1 :i* ! ,japanese ^w %idzuka1 (t5 employ$ 9 art language1 well describes4 ,! ,japanese te*nique1 by :i* ,i und]/& ! e/abli%$ mann] 9 :i* _! effects 9 pa9t+ are produc$1 diff]s widely f t ( ,european art4 ,! ,japanese bru%es 7,jude & hake71 colors & mat]ials influ5ce l>gely ! me?od ( pa9t+4 ,! canons or /&>ds by :i* ,japanese art is to be judg$ are q special to ,japan & are sc>cely und]/ood outside ( x4 ,s9ce ! subject is te*nical1 to treat x 9 a popul> way is to risk ! omission ( mu* t is ess5tial4 ,i w endeavor1 at any rate1 to give an outl9e ( its fundam5tal pr9ciples1 fir/ say+ a ^w or two ab\t ! tools & mat]ials4 ,9 ,japanese pa9t+ no oils are us$4 ,sumi 7a black color 9 cake =m7 & wat]-colors only are employ$1 :ile ,*9ese & ,japanese pap] & specially prep>$ silk take ! place ( canvas or o!r mat]ial4 ,japanese arti/s d n pa9t on easels2 :ile at "w !y sit on _! heels & knees1 ) ! pap] or silk spread be=e !m on a s(t mat]ial1 call$ mos51 :i* lies ^u ! matt+ or floor cov]+4 ,aft] "o becomes accu/om$ to ?is position1 he f9ds x gives1 among o!r ?+s1 a v free use ( ! "r arm & wri/4 ,silk 7e g9u7 is prep>$ = pa9t+ by fir/ atta*+ x ) boil$ rice mucilage to a /ret*+ frame4 ,a siz+ ( alum & light glue 7call$ dosa7 is next appli$1 c>e be+ tak5 n to wet ! edges ( ! silk atta*$ to ! frame1 :i* w\ld loos5 ! silk4 ,x has be5 f\nd t pap] la/s mu* long] ?an silk1 & also c be m easily re/or$ :5 crack$ ) age4 ,! arti/s ( ! ,tosa s*ool us$ a pap] v>i\s k9ds call$ tori no ko1 into ! composition ( :i* egg-%ells ent]$4 ,?is pap] 0 a special product ( ,i*i ,z54 ,! ,kano arti/s us$ bo? tori no ko & a pap] made f ! mulb]ry plant1 also a product ( ,i*i ,z51 & kn[n z ho%o4 ,= ord9>y trac+ a pap] call$ ,,t5gu ,,jo is us$4 ,9 ,okyo's "t1 ,*9ese pap] made f rice-plant leaves came into vogue4 ,x is manufactur$ 9 l>ge %eets & is call$ ,,to%i4 ,x is a light /raw color1 & is v responsive to ! bru% /roke1 except :5 x 8cat*es cold10 z ! ,japanese say4 ,x %\ld be kept 9 a dry place4 ,! ,tosa arti/s us$ pap] almo/ to ! exclusion ( silk4 ,! ,kano s*ool l>gely employ$ silk = _! pa9t+s4 ,okyo also usually pa9t$ on silk4 ,japanese arti/s seldom outl9e _! "w4 ,9 pa9t+ on silk1 a r\gh sket* 9 sumi is sometimes plac$ "u ! silk = guidance4 ,outl9+ on pap] is done ) /raight will[ twigs ( *>coal1 call$ yaki sumi1 easily eras$ by bru%+ ) a fea!r4 ,!re are /rict1 & :5 once und]/ood1 reasonable & helpful laws = ! use ( ! bru% 7,,yohitsu71 ! use ( sumi 7,,yoboku7 & ! use ( wat]-colors 7,,ses%oku74 ,^! laws rea* f :at seems m]ely ! me*anics ( pa9t+ into ! highe/ e?ics ( ,japanese art4 ,! law ( ,,yo ,,hitsu requires a free & skilful h&l+ ( ! bru%1 always ) /rict att5tion to ! /roke1 :e!r dot1 l9e or mass is to be made2 ! bru% mu/ n t\* ! silk or pap] be=e reflection has det]m9$ :at ! /roke or dot is to express4 ,nei!r neglig5ce nor indiff]5ce is tol]at$4 ,an arti/1 be he ev] s skilful1 is caution$ n to feel entirely satisfi$ ) 8 use ( ! bru%1 z x is nev] p]fect & is always susceptible ( improvem5t4 ,! bru% is ! h&maid ( ! arti/'s s\l & mu/ be responsive to 8 inspiration4 ,! /ud5t is w>n$ to be z mu* on 8 gu>d aga9/ c>elessness :5 h&l+ ! bru% z if he 7 a swordsman /&+ ready to attack 8 enemy or to def5d 8 own life2 & ?is is ! reason3 ,ev]y?+ 9 art conspires to prev5t success4 ,! s(tness ( ! bru% requires ! /roke to be light & rapid & ! t\* delicate4 ,! bru%1 :5 dipp$ fir/ into ! wat]1 may absorb too mu* or n en\gh1 & ! sumi or ink tak5 on ! bru% may blot or refuse to spread or fl[ ^u ! mat]ial1 or x may spread 9 ! wrong direction4 ,! ,*9ese pap] 7,,to%i7 :i* is employ$ 9 ord9>y art "w may be s affect$ by ! atmosph]e z to refuse to respond1 & ! bru% /roke mu/ be regulat$ accord+ly4 ,all su* matt]s h to be consid]$ :5 ! bru% is be+ us$1 & if ! _s ( ! arti/ be n al]t1 ! result is failure4 7,,x ,,t5 ,,i*i ,,boku ni ,,*iu o su beki47 ,vehicle ( ! subtle s5tim5t to be express$ 9 =m1 ! bru% mu/ be s fa%ion$ z to receive & transmit ! vibrations ( ! arti/'s inn] self4 ,mu* c>e1 mu* ?\ght & skill h be5 exp5d$ 9 ! manufacture ( ! bru%4 ,9 ,*9a1 ! art ( writ+ prec$$ pa9t+1 & ! fir/ bru%es made 7 writ+ bru%es1 & ! m writ+ develop$ into a wond]ful art1 ! m att5tion 0 be/[$ ^u ! mat]ials compos+ ! writ+ bru%4 ,su* bru%es 7 orig9ally made ) rabbit hair1 r\nd :i* 0 wrapp$ ! hair ( de] & %eep1 & ! h&les 7 mulb]ry /ems4 ,lat] on1 z ,*9ese *>act]s became m complex & writ+ m sci5tific1 ! bru%es 7 mo/ c>efully made ( fox & rabbit hair1 ) h&les ( ivory1 & !y 7 kept 9 gold & jewel$ boxes4 ,(ficials 7 enjo9$ to write all public docum5ts ) bru%es hav+ r$ lacqu] h&les1 r$ be+ a positive or male 7,,yo7 color4 ,ogi%i1 ! greate/ ( ! ,*9ese writ]s1 us$ = 8 bru%es ! feel]s f ar\nd ! rat's nose & hairs tak5 f ! beak ( ! k+fi%]4 ,9 ,japan1 hair ( ! de]1 badg]1 rabbit1 %eep1 squirrel1 & wild horse all ent] into ! manufacture ( ! arti/'s bru%1 :i* is made to ord]1 long or %ort1 s(t or /rong1 /iff or pliable4 ,= lay+ on color1 ! hair ( ! badg] is pref]r$4 ,! sizes & %apes ( bru%es us$ diff] accord+ to ! subject to be pa9t$4 ,!re are bru%es = fl[]s & birds1 human be+s1 l&scapes1 l9es ( ! g>m5ts1 l9es ( ! face1 = lay+ on color1 = %ad+1 et cet]a4 ,a di/+ui%+ feature 9 ,japanese pa9t+ is ! /r5g? ( ! bru% /roke1 te*nically call$ fude no *ik>a or fude no ikioi4 ,:5 repres5t+ an object sugge/+ /r5g?1 su*1 = in/ance1 z a rocky cliff1 ! beak or talons ( a bird1 ! tig]'s claws1 or ! limbs & bran*es ( a tree1 ! mom5t ! bru% is appli$ ! s5tim5t ( /r5g? mu/ be invok$ & felt ?r\gh\t ! arti/'s sy/em & imp>t$ ?r\gh 8 arm & h& to ! bru%1 & s transmitt$ into ! object pa9t$2 & ?is n]v\s curr5t mu/ be cont9u\s & ( equal int5sity :ile ! "w proce$s4 ,if ! tree's limbs or bran*es 9 a pa9t+ by a ,kano arti/ be exam9$1 x w a/oni% any "o to p]ceive ! vital =ce t has be5 infus$ into !m4 ,ev5 ! smalle/ twigs appe> fill$ ) ! p[] ( gr[?--all ! result ( fude no *ik>a4 ,inde$1 :5 ?is pr9ciple is und]/ood1 & 9 ! light ( x ! trees ( _m ( ! ,italian & ,fr5* arti/s are critically view$1 !y appe> flabby1 lifeless1 & z ?\gh !y _h be5 done ) a fea!r4 ,!y lack t vigor :i* is atta9$ only by fude no *ik>a1 or bru% /r5g?4 ,9 writ+ ,*9ese *>act]s 9 ! ,,rei ,,%o mann] ?is same pr9ciple is c>efully inculcat$4 ,! *>act]s mu/ be execut$ ) ! feel+ ( _! be+ c>v$ on /one or engrav$ on /eel--su* mu/ be ! =ce transmitt$ ?r\gh ! arm & h& to ! bru%4 ,?us execut$ ! writ+s seem imbu$ ) liv+ /r5g?4 ,x is relat$ ( ,*9anp91 ! great ,*9ese pa9t]1 t an art /ud5t hav+ appli$ to him = in/ruction1 he pa9t$ an or*id plant & told ! /ud5t to copy x4 ,! /ud5t did s to 8 own satisfaction1 b ! ma/] told him he 0 f> away f :at 0 mo/ ess5tial4 ,aga9 & aga91 dur+ sev]al mon?s1 ! or*id 0 reproduc$1 ea* "t an improvem5t on ! previ\s ef=t1 b nev] meet+ ) ! ma/]'s approval4 ,f9ally ,*9anp9 expla9$ z foll[s3 ,! long1 blade-l leaves ( ! or*id may droop t[>d ! e>? b !y all long to po9t to ! sky1 & ?is t5d5cy is call$ cl\d-long+ 7,,bo ,,un7 9 art4 ,:51 !re=e1 ! tip ( ! long sl5d] leaf is rea*$ by ! bru% ! arti/ mu/ feel t ! same is long+ to po9t to ! cl\ds4 ,?us pa9t$1 ! true _s & liv+ =ce 7kokoromo*i7 ( ! plant are pres]v$4 ,kubota recomm5d$ to art /ud5ts & arti/s to a practice ) l9es :i* is excell5t = acquir+ & reta9+ firmness & fre$om ( ! arm1 ) /eady & cont9u\s /r5g? 9 ! /roke4 ,) a bru% held /rictly p]p5dicul> to ! pap] horizontal l9es are pa9t$1 fir/ f "r to left1 ! entire wid? ( ! ,,to%i or o!r pap]1 ea* l9e ) equal ?ickness & unwav]+ int5sity ( p[] ?r\gh\t its entire l5g?4 ,! ?ickness ( ! l9e w dep5d ^u ! am\nt ( hair 9 ! bru% t is all[$ to t\* ! pap]2 if only ! tip ( ! bru% be us$1 ! l9e w be sl5d] or ?92 b1 :e!r a broad b& or a delicate trac+1 x mu/ be uni=m ?r\gh\t & fill$ ) liv+ =ce4 ,next1 ! l9es are pa9t$ f left to "r 9 ! same way & ) ! same close att5tion to uni=m ?ickness & cont9u\s fl[ ( n]v\s /r5g? f />t to f9i%4 ,!n1 ! increas+ly difficult task is to pa9t !m f top to bottom ( ! ,,to%i1 & f9ally1 mo/ difficult & mo/ important ( all ^! ex]cises1 ! p>allel l9es are trac$ f bottom to top ( ! pap]4 ,! ?9n] ! l9e ! m difficult x is to execute1 because ( ! t5d5cy ( ! h& to tremble4 ,inde$1 ! difficulty is supreme4 ,let any "o :o is int]e/$ try ?is2 x is an ex]cise = ! mo/ exp]t4 ,su* l9es resemble ! sons fils on ! viol91 :]e a cont9u\s su/a9$ tone ( equal int5sity is produc$ by draw+ ! b[ f heel to tip s sl[ly ov] ! /r+s t x h>dly moves4 ,practic+ l9es 9 ! way indicat$ gives /ead9ess & /r5g?1 qualities 9 dem& at e in/ant 9 ,japanese art4 ,obs]ve a ,japanese arti/ pa9t ! "y bran* ( a plum tree %oot+ f ! trunk4 ,! new ye>'s gr[? />t+1 x may be1 f ! bottom ( ! ,,to%i w be project$ to ! top4 ,exam9e x c>efully & x w be f\nd to con=m to t pr9ciple ( jude no *ik>a :i* transf]s a liv+ =ce into ! bran*4 ,i h se5 ,european arti/s 9 ,japan va9ly try (fh& to produce su* effects2 b ^! dep5d on long & pati5t practice4 ,a ,japanese arti/ w frequ5tly ignore ! b\nd>ies ( ! pap] ^u :i* he pa9ts by beg9n+ 8 /roke ^u ! ,,mos5 & cont9u+ x ^u ! pap]--or beg9n+ x ^u ! pap] & project+ x ^u ! ,,mos54 ,?is produces ! s5tim5t or impression ( great /r5g? ( /roke4 ,x animates ! "w4 ,& 9 ?is en]getic k9d ( pa9t+1 if drops ( sumi accid5tally fall f ! bru% ^u ! pa9t+ !y are reg>d$ z giv+ additional en]gy to x4 ,simil>ly1 if ! /roke on ! trunk or bran* ( a tree %[s _m ?9 hair l9es :]e ! int5tion 0 t ! l9e %\ld be solid1 ?is also is reg>d$ z an additional evid5ce ( /roke en]gy & is always highly priz$4 ,! same pr9ciple applies 9 ! art ( ,*9ese writ+2 b ?is effect mu/ n be ! result ( calculation--x mu/ be :at 9 art is call$ ,,%i ,,z51 mean+ spontane\s4 ,9 pa9t+ ! hair ( monkeys1 be>s & ! l1 ! po9t$ bru% is flatt5$ & spread out 7w>i fude7 s t ea* /roke ( ! same w reproduce numb]less ?9 l9es1 correspond+ to ! hairs ( ! animal4 ,sos5 ?us pa9t$4 ,9 mod]n times ,kimpo 7,plate ,v7 is ju/ly r5[n$ = su* "w4 ,_m arti/s become wond]fully exp]t 9 ! use ( ! flat bru%1 f "o to f\r in*es wide1 call$ hake1 by means ( :i* in/antane\s effects su* z ra91 rocks1 m\nta9 *a9s & sn[ sc5es are secur$4 ,"s arti/s acquire a special reputation = skill 9 ! use ( ! hake4 ,! bru% %\ld be (t5 & ?or\ghly r9s$ dur+ ! "t t x is us$ & wa%$ & dri$ :5 n employ$4 ,9 ,kyoto1 ,osaka & ,tokyo !re are fam\s manufactur]s ( arti/s' bru%es1 & names ( mak]s su* z ,ni%imura1 ,sugiyama1 ,hakkado1 ,onkyodo & ,kiukyodo are famili> to all ! arti/s ( ! c\ntry4 ,! use ( sumi 7,,yoboku7 is ! really di/+ui%+ feature ( ,japanese pa9t+4 ,n only is ?is black color 7sumi7 us$ 9 all wat] color "w1 b x is frequ5tly ! only color employ$2 & a pa9t+ ?us execut$1 accord+ to ! laws ( ,japanese art1 is call$ sumi e & is reg>d$ z ! highe/ te/ ( ! arti/'s skill4 ,colors c *eat ! eye 7damakasu7 b sumi nev] c2 x proclaims ! ma/] & exposes ! tyro4 ,! t]ms 8/udy 9 black & :ite10 8,india ink draw+0 & ! l1 s9ce all are only make%ift translations1 are mislead+4 ,! ,*9ese t]m 8,,bokugwa0 is ! exact equival5t ( sumi e & bo? mean & describe ! same production4 ,sumi e is n an 8ink picture10 s9ce no ink is us$ 9 its production4 ,ink is ! v opposite ( sumi bo? 9 its composition & effect4 ,ink is an acid & fluid4 ,sumi is a solid made f ! soot obta9$ by burn+ c]ta9 plants 7= ! be/ results juncus communis1 bull ru%1 or ! sessam5 ori5talis71 comb9$ ) glue f de] horn4 ,?is is mold$ into a black cake :i*1 dry+ ?or\ghly if kept 9 a%es1 improves ) age4 ,9 mu* ( ! good sumi crimson 7b5i7 is add$ = ! %e51 & musk p]fume 7,jako7 is introduc$ = antiseptic purposes4 ,:5 a dead f9i% or surface 7tsuya o ke%i7 is desir$1 z1 = in/ance1 :]e ! female coiffure is to be pa9t$ & a lu/]less gr\nd is ne$$ = contra/ ) ! %9+ /r&s ( ! hair1 a little :ite pulv]iz$ oy/] %ell1 call$ ,,g ,,fun1 is mix$1 ) ! sumi4 ,comm]cial ,india ink resembles sumi 9 appe>ance1 b is v inf]ior to x 9 quality4 ,! me?ods ( sumi manufacture are c>efully gu>d$ secrets4 ,*9a dur+ ! ,m+ dyna/y1 ?ree c5turies ago1 produc$ ! be/ sumi1 al?\gh ,*9a sumi 7,,toboku7 employ$ twelve c5turies pa/ %[s bo? 9 writ+ & 9 pa9t+ z di/9ctly & brilliantly today z ?\gh x 7 b rec5tly manufactur$4 ,n>a1 ne> ,kyoto1 0 ! bir?place ( ,japanese sumi1 & ! h\se ( ,kumagai 7,kyukyodo7 = c5turies has _h its manufactur]s 9 t city4 ,9 ,tokyo a di/+ui%$ mak]1 ^: sumi _m ( ! arti/s !re pref]1 is ,bais54 ,he has devot$ fifty ye>s ( 8 life to ! /udy & comp\nd+ ( ?is preci\s article4 ,he possesses "s great secrets ( manufacture :i* may die ) him4 ,9 ,okyo's "t !re 0 a d>k blue sumi call$ ,,ai ,,en ,,boku b ! art & secret ( its manufacture are lo/4 ,9 us+ sumi ! cake is moi/5$ & rubb$ on a slab call$ suzuri1 produc+ a semi-fluid4 ,! well-clean$ bru% is dipp$ fir/ into cle> wat] & !n into ! prep>$ sumi4 ,:5 ! sumi is tak5 on ! bru% x %\ld be us$ )\t delay2 o!rwise x w m+le ) ! wat] ( ! bru% & de/roy ! desir$ balance betwe5 ! wat] & ! sumi4 ,= c>eful "w ! sumi is fir/ transf]r$ on ! bru% f ! suzuri to a :ite sauc]1 :]e x is te/$4 ,x is a s+ul> fact t ! color ( sumi w diff] accord+ to ! mann] 9 :i* x is rubb$ ^u ! /one4 ,! be/ results are obta9$ :5 a "y maid5 is employ$ = ! purpose1 h] /r5g? be+ j suitable4 ,x is v important :ile pa9t+ ) sumi to r5ew its /r5g? frequ5tly by fre% applications ( ! cake to ! slab4 ,! color & ri*ness ( sumi left ^u ! slab soon fade2 & ?\gh :5 us$ ?is may n be app>5t1 :5 ! sumi dries on ! pap] or silk its weakness is spe$ily p]ceiv$4 ,by ! dext]\s use ( sumi colors may be successfully sugge/$1 mat]ials app>5tly reproduc$ & by :at is t]m$ ,,boku%oku1 or ! bru%-/roke play ( light & %ade1 ! v rays ( ! sun may be imprison$ )9 ! f\r corn]s ( a picture4 ,arti/s are readily recogniz$ 9 _! "w by _! mann] ( us+ or lay+ on sumi4 ,! color1 ! %e51 ! %ad+s & ! fl[ ( ! ink enable u ev5 to det]m9e ! disposition or /ate ( m9d ( ! arti/ at ! "t ( pa9t+1 s s5sitive1 s responsive is sumi to ! mood ( ! arti/ us+ x4 ,!re is mu* ( engag+ int]e/ 9 connection ) ?is subject4 ,arti/s become mo/ difficult to satisfy on ! subject ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( sumi1 :i* diff] z mu* 9 _! special qualities z ! tones ( celebrat$ viol9s4 ,x is int]e/+ to obs]ve h[ diff]5t ! color or ri*ness ( ! same sumi becomes accord+ to ! v>y+ skill ) :i* x is appli$4 ,! m9]al "* ( ! suzuri has also mu* to d ) ! production ( ! be/ & ri*e/ black tones4 ,! mo/ valuable /one = suzuri is kn[n ?r\gh\t ! entire ori5tal _w z ,,tan ,,kei & is f\nd 9 ! m\nta9 ( ,fuka 9 ,*9a4 ,?is /one has gold /reaks ?r\gh x1 ) small dots call$ bird's eyes4 ,! wat] :i* fl[s f ,fuka m\nta9 is blue4 ,! color ( ! rock is violet4 ,a favorite color = ! suzuri 79 ,*9ese call$ ,,k57 is lion's liv]4 ,=m]ly mu* c]emony 0 obs]v$ 9 m9+ = ?is /one & %eep & cattle 7 (f]$ 9 sacrifice1 else x 0 believ$ t ! /one w\ld be /ruck by a ?und]bolt & r$uc$ to a%es 9 ! h&s ( its possessor4 ,! suzuri is also made 9 ,*9a f riv] s$im5t fa%ion$ & bak$4 ,/ill ano!r me?od is to make ! suzuri f pap] & ! v>ni% ( ! lacqu] tree4 ,su* are call$ pap] suzuri 7,,%i ,,k574 ,9 ,?ibet suzuri are made f ! bamboo root4 ,9 ,japan ! be/ /ones = suzuri are f\nd ne> ,hiro%ima 9 ,kiu%u1 ! gra9 be+ h>d & f9e4 ,! skilful use ( wat] colors is call$ ,,ses%oku4 ,x is m difficult to pa9t ) sumi alone ?an use ( wat] to pa9t ) ! aid ( colors1 :i* c hide defects nev] to be conceal$ 9 a sumi e1 :]e pa9t+ ov] sumi a second "t is disa/r\s4 ,japanese pa9t]s z a rule are sp>+ ( colors1 ! slighte/ am\nt us$ discreetly & ) re/ra9t g5]ally suffic+4 ,_m arti/s h n ! color s5se or dislike color & seldom use x4 ,kubota (t5 decl>$ he hop$ to live until he might feel ju/ifi$ 9 disc>d+ color & employ+ sumi alone = any & all effects 9 pa9t+4 ,!re are eight diff]5t ways ( pa9t+ 9 color4 ,i w enum]ate !m1 ) _! te*nical1 descriptive t]ms3 ,9 ! be/ =m ( color pa9t+ 7,,goku ,,zai ,,%iki7 7,plate ,,ix7 ! color is mo/ c>efully laid on1 be+ appli$ ?ree times or (t5] if necess>y4 ,on acc\nt ( ^! repeat$ coats ?is =m is call$ ,,tai ,,*aku ,,%oku4 ,?is /yle ( pa9t+ is res]v$ = temples1 gold scre5s1 palace ceil+s & ! l4 ,tosa & ,yamato e pa9t]s g5]ally foll[$ ?is mann]4 ,! next be/ me?od ( color+ 7,,*u ,,zai ,,%iki7 7,plate ,x7 is t]m$ ,,*aku ,,%oku1 or ! ord9>y application ( color4 ,! ,kano & ,%ijo s*ools use ?is me?od ext5sively1 z did also ! ,ukiyo e pa9t]s4 ,! light wat]-color me?od1 call$ ,,tan ,,sai 7,plate ,,xi71 is employ$ 9 ! ord9>y /yle ( pa9t+ kakemono & is mu* us$ by ! ,okyo s*ool4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ =m ( pa9t+1 te*nically call$ ,,bokkotsu 7,plate ,,xii71 is t 9 :i* all outl9es are suppress$ & sumi or color is us$ = ! masses4 ,ano!r ,japanese t]m = ! same is tsuketate4 ,tree ,squirrel1 by ,mo*izuki ,kimpo4 ,plate ,v4 ,tree ,squirrel1 by ,mo*izuki ,kimpo4 ,plate ,v4 ,! me?od ( %ad+1 call$ ,,goso 7,plate ,,xiii71 inv5t$ by a ,*9ese arti/1 ,godo%i1 :o liv$ "o ?\s& ye>s ago1 consi/s 9 apply+ d>k br[n color or light sumi wa% ov] ! sumi l9es4 ,?is /yle 0 mu* employ$ by ,kano pa9t]s & = art pr9t+4 ,! light r$di%-br[n color1 te*nically call$ ,,s5po ,,%oku 7,plate ,,xiv71 is mo/ly us$ 9 pr9t+ pictures 9 book =m4 ,ano!r =m simil>ly us$ is call$ ,,hakubyo 7,plate ,,xv7 or :ite patt]n1 no color be+ employ$4 ,la/ly1 !re is ! sumi picture or sumi e 7,plate ,,xvi71 te*nically call$ ,,suiboku1--to :i* ref]5ce has already be5 made--:]e sumi only is employ$1 black be+ reg>d$ z a color by ,japanese arti/s4 ,a well-kn[n me?od by :i* ! autumnal t9ts ( =e/ leaves are produc$ is to take up ) ! bru% "o aft] ano!r & 9 ! foll[+ ord] ^! colors3 ,yell[-gre5 7ki iro71 br[n 7,,tai ,,%a71 r$ 7,,%u71 crimson 7b5i71 & la/1 & on ! v tip ( ! bru%1 sumi4 ,! bru% ?us *>g$ & dext]\sly appli$ gives a *>m+ autumn effect1 ! colors %ad+ into ea* o!r z 9 nature4 ,!re are five p>5t colors 9 ,japanese art3 p>5t colors ,blue 7,,sei71 yell[ 7,,au71 black 7koku71 :ite 7,,byaku71 comb9ations & r$ 7,,seki74 ,^! 9 comb9ation 7,,*o ,,g7 orig9ate o!r colors z foll[s3 ,blue & yell[ produce gre5 7midori72 blue & black1 d>k blue 7ai nezumi72 blue & :ite1 sky-blue 7sora iro72 blue & r$1 purple 7murasaki72 yell[ & black1 d>k gre5 7unguisu *a72 yell[ & r$1 orange 7kaba72 black & r$1 br[n 7tobiiro72 black & comb9ations :ite1 gray 7nezumiiro74 ,^! second>y colors 9 comb9ation produce o!r tones & %ades requir$4 ,p[d]$ gold & silv]1 & crimson made f ! saffron plant are also employ$4 ,! colors1 except+ yell[1 are prep>$ = use by mix+ !m ) light glue ^u a sauc]4 ,) yell[1 wat] alone is us$4 ,9 addition to all ! =ego+ !re are o!r exp5sive colors us$ 9 c>eful "w & kn[n z m9]al e>?s 7iwamono74 ,!y are blue 7,,gunjo71 d>k or ,prussian blue 7,,konjo71 light blui%-gre5 7,,gunroku71 gre5 7,,roku%o71 light gre5 7,,byakugun71 pea gre5 7,,*a-,,roku ,,%o7 & light r$ 7,,sango ,,matsu74 ,! use ( prim>y colors 9 a pa9t+ 9 proximity to second>y ones orig9at$ by !m is color to be avoid$1 z bo? lose by su* contra/2 & :5 a color-s*eme fails to give satisfaction x w usually be f\nd t ?is c>d9al pr9ciple ( h>mony1 call$ iro no kub>i1 has be5 disreg>d$ by ! arti/4 ,color 9 art is ! dress1 ! app>el 9 :i* ! "w is clad4 ,x mu/ be suitably comb9$1 re/ra9$1 & attract no undue att5tion 7m$atsunai74 ,true color s5se is a special gift4 ,*apt] #d ,head-,b&3 ,! patt]n 7moyo7 kn[n z bamboo & ! swell+ sp>r[ 7take nifukura susume74 ,! p>ts ( ! bird are amus+ly conv5tionaliz$--9 ! ,kor9 mann]4 ,! ^w fukura writt5 9 ,*9ese conta9s ! lucky "* fuku 7happ9ess74 ,,*apt] ,,f\r4 ,,laws ,,gov]n+ ,,! ,,conception ,,& ,,execution ,,( ,a ,,pa9t+ ,:5 a ,japanese arti/ is prep>+ to pa9t a picture he consid]s fir/ ! space ! picture is to occupy & its %ape1 :e!r squ>e1 oblong1 r\nd or o!rwise2 next1 ! di/ribution ( light & %ade1 & !n ! plac+ ( ! objects 9 ! composition s z to secure h>mony & effective contra/s4 ,9 settl+ ^! que/ions he relies l>gely on ! laws ( proportion & design4 ,! pr9ciples ( proportion 7,,i*i7 & design 7,,i%o7 are closely alli$4 ,!y aim to supply & express ) sobriety :at is ess5tial to ! composition1 proportion det]m9+ ! j arrangem5t & di/ribution ( ! compon5t p>ts1 & design ! mann] 9 :i* ! same %all be h&l$4 ,9 a l&scape1 proportion may require ! balanc+ effect ( build+s & trees1 :ile design w det]m9e h[ ! same may be picturesquely pres5t$2 = in/ance1 by mak+ ! trees p>tially hide ! build+s1 ?us provok+ a desire to see m ?an is %[n4 ,su* sugge/ion or /imulation ( ! imag9ation is call$ ,,yuka%i4 ,! ,japanese pa9t] is e>ly taught ! value ( suppression 9 design--l'art d'ennuy] e/ de t\t dire4 ,a well-kn[n rule ( proportion1 qua9tly express$ 9 ! orig9al ,*9ese & :i* is m or less adh]$ to 9 practice1 requires 9 a l&scape pa9t+ t if ! m\nta9 be1 = example1 t5 feet high ! trees %\ld be "o foot1 a horse "o in* & a man ! size ( a bean4 ,,jo ,,san ,,seki ,,ju1 ,,sun ,,ba ,,to ,,j9 7,plate ,,xvii74 ,design1 call$ 9 art ,,i%o ,,zuan or takumi1 is l>gely ! p]sonal equation ( ! arti/4 ,x is 8 p[] ( pres5t+ & express+ :at he treats 9 an orig9al mann]4 ,! subject may n be new1 b its treatm5t mu/ be fre% & attractive4 ,mu* w dep5d ^u ! le>n+ & ! te*nical ability ( ! arti/4 ,9 ! matt] ( design ! arti/s ( ,tokyo h always diff]$ f ^? ( ,kyoto1 ! =m] aim+ at lively & ev5 />tl+ effects1 :ile ! latt] seek to produce a quiet] or m subdu$ 7otona%i7 result4 ,:]e l&scapes or trees are to be pa9t$ ^u a s+le panel1 panels on ea* side ( x may be conv5i5tly plac$ & ! pa9t+ design$ ^u ! c5tral panel 9 connection ) ! two additional ones us$ = elaboration4 ,9 ?is way1 :5 ! side panels are )drawn ! effect is z ?\gh su* l&scape or trees 7 se5 ?r\gh an op5 w9d[1 & all cramp$ or =c$ appe>ance is avoid$4 ,! ,ukiyo e arti/s practic$ a simil> me?od 9 _! ha%irakake or long1 n>r[1 panel-l pr9ts ( m5 & wom5 us$ = decorat+ upright beams 9 a room4 ,! lit]ature ( art ab\nds 9 in/ances illu/rative ( correct proportion & design4 ,! arti/ ,bun*o be+ reque/$ to pa9t a cr[ fly+ across a fusuma or f\r slid+ door-l panels1 aft] mu* reflection pa9t$ ! bird 9 ! act ( disappe>+ f ! la/ ( ^! subdivisions1 ! space ( ! o!r ?ree sugge/+ ! rapid flight :i* ! cr[ _h already accompli%$1 & ! law ( proportion 7,,i*i7 or ord]ly arrangem5t ?us obs]v$ 0 univ]sally applaud$4 ,9 ! wood$ gravey>d ( ! temple at ,ike-gami1 :]e ! tombs ( s _m ( ! ,kano arti/s 7includ+ ,tanyu7 are to be f\nd1 is a /one m>k+ ! grave ( a ,kano pa9t] :o1 hav+ execut$ an ord] = a picture & 8 patron obs]v+ t x 0 lack+ 9 design & t he mu/ add a c]ta9 gold effect 9 ! color s*eme1 r ?an violate 8 own convictions ( :at he consid]$ prop] design1 fir/ refus$ to comply & !n committ$ h>a kiri4 ,a canon ( ,japanese art :i* is at ! base ( "o ( ! peculi> *>ms ( ,japanese pictures1 n m]ely 9 ! :ole composition b also 9 m9ute details t might escape ! att5tion at fir/ glance1 requires t !re %\ld be 9 e pa9t+ ! s5tim5t ( active & passive1 light & %ade4 ,?is is call$ ,,9 ,,yo & is bas$ ^u ! pr9ciple ( contra/ = height5+ effects4 ,! t]m ,,9 ,,yo orig9at$ 9 ! e>lie/ doctr9es ( ,*9ese philosophy & has always exi/$ 9 ! art language ( ! ,ori5t4 ,x signifies d>kness 7,,97 & light 7,,yo71 negative & positive1 female & male1 passive & active1 l[] & upp]1 ev5 & odd4 ,?is t]m is ( con/ant application 9 pa9t+4 ,a picture ) its lights & %ades prop]ly di/ribut$ con=ms to ! law ( ,,9 ,,yo4 ,two fly+ cr[s1 "o ) its beak clos$1 ! o!r ) its beak op52 two tig]s 9 _! lair1 "o ) ! m\? %ut1 ! o!r ) ! tee? %[+2 or two dragons1 "o asc5d+ to ! sky & ! o!r desc5d+ to ! ocean1 illu/rate phases ( ,,9 ,,yo4 ,m\nta9s1 waves1 ! petals ( a fl[]1 ! eyeball ( a bird1 rocks1 trees--all h _! negative & positive aspects1 _! ,,9 & _! ,,yo4 ,! obs]vance ( ?is canon secures n only ! effective contra/ ( light & %ade 9 a picture b also an equally /rik+ contra/ betwe5 ! compon5t p>ts ( ea* object compos+ x4 ,! law ( =m1 9 art call$ ,,kei%o or ,,kakko1 is widely appli$ = det]m9+ n only ! correct %ape ( ?+s b also _! suitable or prop] pres5tation accord+ to circum/ances4 ,x has to d ) all k9ds ( attitudes & dress4 ,x det]m9es :at is suitable = ! pr9ce & = ! begg>1 = ! c\rti] & = ! peasant4 ,x regulates ! %ape t objects %\ld take accord+ to conditions surr\nd+ !m1 :e!r se5 ne> or f> (f1 9 mi/ or 9 ra9 or sn[1 9 motion or 9 repose4 ,! exact %ape ( objects 9 motion 7z an animal runn+1 a bird fly+ or a fi% swimm+7 no "o c see1 b ! pa9t] :o has obs]v$1 /udi$ & kn[s by he>t ! =m or %ape ( ^! objects 9 repose c1 by virtue ( 8 skill1 reproduce !m 9 motion1 =e%ort5$ or o!rwise2 t is ,,kei%o2 & he is taught & well und]/&s t if 9 execut+ su* "w 8 memory ( ess5tial details fails him hesitancy is apt to cause ! picture to p]i% z a "w ( art4 ,,kei%o lit]ally means %ape1 b 9 ori5tal art x signifies also ! proprieties2 x is a law :i* en=ces among o!r ?+s canons ( good ta/e & suppresses all exagg]ations1 in>ti/ic peculi>ities & grimaces4 ,! law t\*+ hi/orical subjects & ! mann] ( pa9t+ !m is call$ ,,ko ,,jutsu4 ,special pr9ciples apply to ?is dep>tm5t ( ,japanese art4 ,! hi/orical pa9t] mu/ "k all ! hi/orical details ( ! p]iod to :i* 8 pa9t+ relates1 includ+ a k ( ! arms1 acc\trem5ts1 co/umes1 ornam5ts1 cu/oms & ! l4 ,?is subject cov]s too va/ a field & is too important to be summ>ily treat$ "h4 ,suffice x to say t !re h be5 _m celebrat$ hi/orical pa9t]s 9 ,japan4 ,i recall1 on ! o!r h&1 a picture once exhibit$ by a di/+ui%$ ,tokyo arti/ :i* 0 sup]bly execut$ b :olly ignor$ by ! jury because x violat$ "s canon applicable to hi/orical pa9t+4 ,! t]m ,,yu ,,%oku ref]s to ! laws gov]n+ ! practices ( ! ,imp]ial h\sehold1 ,buddhi/ & ,%9to rites4 ,be=e attempt+ any "w ( art 9 :i* ^! may figure ! pa9t] mu/ be ?or\ghly v]s$ 9 ! appo9tm5ts ( palace int]iors1 ! rules ( etiquette1 ! occupations & pa/imes ( ! ,emp]or1 c\rt nobles 7,kuge71 daimyo & _! milit>y att5dants 7samurai71 ! co/umes ( ! females 7tsubone7 ( ! ,imp]ial h\sehold & _! duties & accompli%m5ts4 ,! ,tosa s*ool made a ?or\gh famili>ity ) su* details its specialty4 ,all ,buddhi/ pa9t+s come "u ! law ( ,,yu ,,%oku4 ,let u next consid] briefly "s ( ! pr9ciples applicable to ,japanese l&scape pa9t+4 ,l&scapes are kn[n 9 art by ! t]m ,,san ,,sui1 :i* means m\nta9 & wat]4 ,?is ,*9ese t]m w\ld indicate t ! arti/s ( ,*9a consid]$ bo? m\nta9s & wat] to be ess5tial to l&scape subjects1 & ! t5d5cy 9 a ,japanese arti/ to introduce bo? into 8 pa9t+ is ev] noticeable4 ,if he _c f9d ! wat] else:]e he takes x f ! heav5s 9 ! %ape ( ra94 ,inde$1 ra9 & w9d subjects are mu* 9 favor & wond]ful effects are produc$ 9 _! pictures sugge/+ ! com+ slorm1 :]e ! w9d makes ! bamboos & trees take on new1 weird & fanta/ic %apes4 ,! l&scape 7,plate ,,xviii7 conta9s a l(ty m\nta91 rocks1 riv]1 road1 trees1 bridge1 man1 animal1 et cet]a4 ,! fir/ requisite 9 su*1 a composition is t ! picture respond to ! law ( ,,t5 ,,*i ,,j91 or heav51 e>? & man4 ,?is wond]ful law ( ,buddhism is said to p]vade ! univ]se & is ( wide/ application to all ! art ( man4 ,,t5 ,,*i ,,j9 means t :atev] is wor?y ( contemplation mu/ conta9 a pr9cipal subject1 its complim5t>y adjunct1 & auxili>y details4 ,?us is ! "w r\nd$ out to its p]fection4 ,tig]1 by ,ki%i ,*ikudo4 ,plate ,,vi4 ,tig]1 by ,ki%i ,*ikudo4 ,plate ,,vi4 ,?is law ( ,,t5 ,,*i ,,j9 applies n only to pa9t+ b to poetry 7its eld] si/]71 to ar*itecture1 to g>d5 plans1 z well z to fl[] arrangem5t2 9 fact1 x is a univ]sal1 fundam5tal law ( correct con/ruction4 ,9 ,plate ,,xviii ! m\nta9 is ! dom9ant or pr9cipal feature4 ,x comm&s our fir/ att5tion4 ,ev]y?+ is subs]vi5t to x4 ,x1 !re=e1 is call$ ,,t51 or heav54 ,next 9 importance1 complim5t>y to ! m\nta91 are ! rocks4 ,^!1 !re=e1 are ,,*i1 or e>?2 :ile all t contributes to ! movem5t or life ( ! picture1 to wit1 ! trees1 man1 animal1 bridge & riv]1 are /yl$ ,,j91 or man1 s t ! picture satisfies ! fir/ law ( composition1 namely1 ! unity 9 v>iety requir$ by ,,t5 ,,*i ,,j94 ,!re is ano!r law :i* det]m9es ! g5]al "* to be giv5 a l&scape accord+ to ! season1 & is ?us express$3 ,m\nta9s 9 spr+ %\ld sugge/ joy\sness2 9 summ]1 gre5 & moi/ure2 9 autumn1 abundance2 9 w9t]1 dr[s9ess4 ,! =mula runs z foll[s3 ,,%un-,,zan1 w>au goto%i2 ,,kazan1 arau goto%i2 ,,%uzan1 yoso goto%i2 ,,tozan1 nemurugotoku4 ,simil>ly1 accord+ to ! season1 !re are f\r pr9cipal ways ( pa9t+ bamboo 7,,*iku74 ,9 fair-wea!r bamboo 7,,sei ,,*iku7 ! leaves are spread out joy\sly2 9 ra9y-wea!r bamboo 7,,u*iku7 ! leaves hang d[n despond5tly2 9 w9dy-wea!r bamboo 7,,fu*iku7 ! leaves cross ea* o!r confus$ly1 & 9 ! dew ( e>ly morn+ 7,,ro*iku7 ! bamboo leaves all po9t upw>ds vigor\sly 7,plate ,,liii a #a to a #d74 ,! ,kano arti/s diff] f ! ,%ijo pa9t]s 9 _! mann] ( comb9+ 7kasan]u7 ! leaves & bran*es ( ! bamboo4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 ! ,%ijo arti/s po9t ! leaves d[nw>d1 :ile ! =m] po9t !m upw>d1 :i* is m effective4 ,aga91 9 sn[ sc5]y ! ,kano arti/s fir/ pa9t ! bottom ( ! sn[-l9e & !n by %ad+ 7kumadori7 above ! same ) v light ink 7usui sumi7 produce ! effect ( accumulat$ sn[4 ,! ,okyo s*ool secures ! same result 9 a mu* m brilliant mann]1 us+ b a s+le dext]\s /roke ( ! well-wat]$ bru%1 ! po9t only ( :i* is tipp$ ) sumi4 ,"s artisls1 notably ,kubota ,beis5 & 8 foll[]s1 employ bo? me?ods1 ! =m] = ne> & ! latt] = di/ant sn[ l&scapes4 ,l[ m\nta9s 9 a l&scape sugge/ great di/ance4 ,fujiyama1 ! favorite subject ( all arti/s1 %\ld n be pa9t$ too high1 else x loses 9 dignity by appe>+ too ne>4 ,9 an art "w writt5 by ,oi%i ,%uga1 ,fuji is reproduc$ z x appe>s at e season ( ! ye>1 :e!r clad 9 sn[1 p>tly conceal$ by cl\ds1 or pla9ly visible 9 unob/ruct$ outl9e4 ,! book is a safe guide = arti/s to consult4 ,we may next consid] "s laws applicable to m\nta9s1 rocks & l$ges4 ,x has long s9ce be5 obs]v$ by ! great writ]s on art 9 ,*9a t m\nta9s1 rocks1 l$ges & peaks h c]ta9 *>act]i/ics :i* di/+ui% !m4 ,^! diff] n only ) _! geological =mations b also v>y ) ! seasons on acc\nt ( ! diff]5t grasses & gr[?s :i* may m or less alt] or conceal !m4 ,to attempt to reproduce !m z se5 7 a hopeless task1 !re be+ too mu* confus+ detail2 h5ce1 sali5t features only are not$1 /udi$ & pa9t$ accord+ to :at is call$ ,,%un ,,po1 or ! law ( l$ges or /ratifications4 ,!re are eight diff]5t ways 9 :i* rocks1 l$ges & ! l may be repres5t$3 ,! peel$ hemp-b>k me?od1 call$ ,,hi ,,ma ,,%un 7,plate ,,xxiii a74 ,! l>ge & small axe /rokes on a tree1 call$ ,,dai ,,%o ,,fu ,,heki ,,%un 7,plate ,,xxiii b74 ,! l9es ( ! lotus leaf1 call$ ,,ka ,,yo ,,%un 7,plate ,,xxiv a74 ,alum cry/als1 call$ ,,han ,,to ,,%un 7,plate ,,xxiv b74 ,! loose rice leaves1 call$ ,,kai ,,saku ,,%un 7,plate ,,xxv a74 ,)]$ k9dl+ twigs1 call$ ,,ran ,,%i ,,%un 7,plate ,,xxv b74 ,scatt]$ hemp leaves1 t]m$ ,,ramma ,,%un 7,plate ,,xxvi a74 ,! wr9kles on a c['s neck1 call$ ,,gyu ,,mo ,,%un 7,plate ,,xxvi b74 ,^! eight laws are n only available guides to desir$ effects2 !y also abbreviate labor & save ! arti/'s attempt+ ! impossible task ( exactly reproduc+ physical conditions ( ! e>? 9 a l&scape pa9t+4 ,!y are symbols or sub/itutes = ! tru? felt4 ,no?+ is m int]e/+ ?an su* art res\rces :]eby ! s5tim5t ( a l&scape is reproduc$ by ?us sugge/+ or symboliz+ _m ( its ess5tial features4 ,x 0 a !ory ( ! great ,*9ese tea*]1 ,*9anp91 & p>ticul>ly en=c$ by him1 t trees1 plants & grasses take ! =m ( a circle1 call$ 9 art ,,r9 ,,kan 7see ,plate ,,xxvii71 ,no4 #a2 or a semi-circle 7,,han ,,kan7 7,plate ,,xxvii71 ,no4 #b2 or an aggregation ( half-circles1 call$ fi% scales 7,,gyo ,,r97 7,plate ,,xxvii71 ,no4 #c2 or a modification ( ^! latt]1 call$ mov+ fi% scales 7,,gyo ,,r9 ,,katsu ,,ho7 7,plate ,,xxvii71 ,no #d4 ,develop+ ?is pr9ciple on ,plate ,,xxviii1 ,no4 #a1 we h !oretically ! fir/ %ape ( tree gr[? & on ,plate ,,xxviii1 ,no4 #b1 ! same practically int]pret$4 ,9 ,nos4 #c & #d1 same plate1 we h ! gr[? ( grass illu/rat$ !oretically & practically4 ,9 ,plate ,,xxix1 accord+ to ?is me?od1 is con/ruct$ ! entire skeleton ( a =e/ tree4 ,9 ,nos4 #a & #b on ?is plate num]\s small circles are indicat$4 ,^! %[ :]e ea* /roke ( ! bru% beg9s1 ! po9ts ( comm5cem5t be+ ( prime importance to correct effect4 ,9 ,no4 #c1 same plate1 we h ! f\ndation "w ( a tree 9 a ,japanese pa9t+4 ,x is ne$less to po9t out ! m>vel\s vigor app>5t 9 "w con/ruct$ accord+ to ! above pr9ciples4 ,9 ! pa9t+ ( rocks1 l$ges1 & ! l1 ,*9anp9 taught t ! curv$ l9es ( ! fi% scales are to be *ang$ into /raight l9es1 ?ree 9 numb]1 ( diff]5t l5g?s1 two be+ ne> toge!r & ! ?ird l9e slightly sep>at$1 & all ei!r p]p5dicul> or horizontal1 z 9 ,plate ,,xxx1 ,nos4 #a & #b4 ,9 ! same plate1 ,nos4 #c & #d1 we h ! pr9ciple ( rock con/ruction illu/rat$4 ,9 ,plate ,,xxxi1 ,nos4 #a1 #b & #c1 is se5 ! practical application ( ?is !ory to kakemono "w4 ,9 execut+ ^! l9es = rocks mu* /ress is laid ^u ! pr9ciple ( ,,9 ,,yo2 on ! elevat$ portions ! bru% mu/ be us$ lightly 7,,97 & on ! l[] portions x mu/ be appli$ ) /r5g? 7,,yo74 ,at ! bottom1 :]e grass1 m\ld1 & moss accumulate1 a r dry bru% 7,,kwappitsu7 is appli$ ) a firm /roke4 ,next1 !re are laws = ne> & di/ant tree1 %rubb]y & grass effects1 correspond+ to ! season ( ! ye>4 ,^! are kn[n z ! laws ( dots 7,,t5 ,,po72 ! say+ ,,t5 ,,tai ,,san ,,n5 indicates t x takes ?ree ye>s to make !m correctly4 ,!y are z foll[s3 ,! droop+ wi/>ia dot 7,,sui ,,to ,,t57 7,plate ,,xxxii a7 = spr+ effects4 ,! *rysan!mum dot 7,,kiku ,,kwa ,,t57 7,plate ,,xxxii b7 us$ 9 summ] foliage4 ,! :eel spoke dot 7,,%a ,,r9 ,,%97 7,plate ,,xxxiii a71 be+ ! p9e-ne$le /roke & us$ = p9e trees4 ,! ,*9ese "* = ! v]b 8to save0 7,,kai ,,ji ,,t57 7,plate ,,xxxiii b71 us$ = bo? trees & %rubb]y4 ,! pepp] dot 7,,ko%ot57 7,plate ,,xxxiv a74 ,?is dot requires great dext]ity & free wri/ movem5t4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! dots are made to v>y 9 size b are all giv5 ! same direction4 ,! m\se footpr9ts 7,,s ,,soku ,,t57 7,plate ,,xxxiv b71 us$ = cryptom]ia & o!r l trees4 ,! s]rat$ or sawtoo? dot 7,,kyo ,,%i ,,%97 7,plate ,,xxxv a71 mu* us$ = di/ant p9e-tree effects4 ,! ,*9ese "* = 8"o0 7,,i*i ,,ji ,,t57 7,plate ,,xxxv b74 ,! effect produc$ by ?is "* is v rem>kable 9 repres5t+ maple & o!r trees ^: foliage at a di/ance appe>s to be 9 lay]s4 ,! ,*9ese "* = 8he>t0 7,,%971 call$ ,,%9 ,,ji ,,t5 7,plate ,,xxxvi a74 ,?is is us$ mo/ effectively = bo? foliage & grasses4 ,! ,*9ese "* = 8positively0 7,,hitsu71 call$ ,,hitsu ,,ji ,,t5 7,plate ,,xxxvi b74 ,?is dot or /roke is successfully employ$ 9 reproduc+ ! foliage ( ! will[ tree 9 spr+4 ,! rice dot1 call$ ,,bei ,,t5 7,plate ,,xxxviii a74 ,! dot call$ ,,haku ,,yo ,,t5 7,plate ,,xxxvii b71 be+ small] ?an ! pepp] dot1 ) ! clove dot 7,,%o ,,ji ,,t57 surr\nd+ x4 ,x is a /rictly obs]v$ rule t none ( ^! dots %\ld int]f]e ) or hide ! bran*es ( ! trees ( :i* !y =m "p4 ,! t]m *obo *obo is appli$ to ! practice ( always f9i%+ a l&scape pa9t+1 rocks1 trees or fl[]s1 ) c]ta9 dots judici\sly add$ to enliv5 & height5 ! g5]al effect4 ,^! dots1 done ) a spr++ wri/ movem5t1 s]ve to enliv5 ! "w & give x fre%ness1 j z a ra9 %[] affects vegetation4 ,! ,kano arti/s 7 mo/ insi/5t ^u *obo *obo4 ,!re are _m qua9t aids to arti/ic effects f "t immemorial well kn[n to & favor$ by ! old ,*9ese pa9t]s & /ill successfully practic$ 9 ,japan4 ,probably ! l>g] numb] ( ^! are employ$ 9 ! te*nical con/ruction ( ! ,f\r ,p>agons 7p4 #ff et seq474 ,!re are /ill o!rs3 z1 = in/ance1 ! fi%-scale patt]n 7,plate ,,xix71 us$ 9 pa9t+ ! clu/]$ ne$les ( ! p9e tree or ! b5d+ bran*es ( ! will[2 ! /ork's leg = p9e tree bran*es 7,plate ,,xix72 ! g\rd = ! head & elongat$ jaws ( ! dragon2 ! egg = ! body ( a bird 7,plate ,,xxii2 ! /ag horn = all sorts ( int]lac+ bran*es2 ! turtle back patt]n or ! dragon's scales = ! p9e tree b>k4 ,9 addition to ^!1 ! g5]al %apes ( c]ta9 ( ! ,*9ese writt5 *>act]s are invok$ = reproduc+ w9d+ /reams 7,plate ,,xx71 gr\p+s ( rocks1 mead[1 swamp1 & o!r grasses & ! l4 ,( c\rse ! exact %ape ( ! v>i\s ,*9ese *>act]s "h ref]r$ to mu/ n be actually pa9t$ into ! composition b m]ely ! s5tim5t ( _! respective =ms recall$4 ,!y are simply practical memory aids to desir$ effects4 ,x is ! _s ( ! "* r ?an its exact %ape :i* %\ld control2 ! ord] ( ! pa9t$ /rokes be+ t ( ! writt5 "*1 its s5tim5t or g5]al %ape is ?us reproduc$4 ,9 ?is connection ,i w\ld allude to criticisms or judgm5ts ^u ,japanese pa9t+ 9 :i* p>ticul> /ress is laid ^u its calligraphic quality4 ,if any ,japanese arti/ 0 s]i\sly in=m$ t 8 me?od ( pa9t+ 0 calligraphic1 he w\ld explode ) mir?4 ,!re are sev]al ways to acc\nt = ?is r wide-spread error4 ,mu* t is writt5 ab\t ,japanese pa9t+ & its calligraphy is b ! repetition by "o au?or ( :at he has tak5 on tru/ f ano!r1 an effective way sometimes ( spread+ mis9=mation4 ,x is q true t ! assidu\s /udy ( ,*9ese writ+ 7,,%o7 is an ess5tial "p ( ?or\gh art education 9 ,japan1 n1 h[ev]1 = ! purpose ( le>n+ to pa9t z "o writes1 or ( introduc+ writt5 *>act]s m or less trans=m$ into a pa9t+ 7if t be :at is meant by 8calligraphic071 b simply to give ! arti/ fre$om1 confid5ce1 & grace 9 ! h&l+ ( ! bru% & to tra9 8 eye to =m & balance & to acquire bo? /r5g? ( /roke & a k ( ! sequ5ce ( /rokes4 ,to write 9 ,*9ese aft] ! mann] ( pr(essionals 7,,%o ,,ka7 is truly a great art1 e/eem$ ev5 high] ?an pa9t+2 x requires ?irty ye>s ( con/ant practice to become exp]t !re91 & x has _m laws & pr(\nd pr9ciples :i*1 if ma/]$ by arti/s1 w enable !m to be all ! great] 9 _! pa9t+1 & _m ,japanese arti/s h ju/ly prid$ !mselves ^u be+ exp]t writ]s ( ! ,*9ese *>act]s4 ,okyo practic$ daily = ?ree ye>s ! writ+ ( two intricate *>act]s /&+ = 8 "n1 until he 0 satisfi$ ) _! =ms1 b !re is no?+ calligraphic ab\t any ( ,okyo's pa9t+4 ,possibly :at has misl$ =eign critics & ev5 "s ,japanese writ]s is t !re exi/s a class ( m5 9 ,japan giv5 to le>n+1 to writ+1 & also to pa9t+ 9 a p>ticul> way4 ,^! m5 are call$ ,,bun ,,j9 7lit]ati7 & _! /yle ( pa9t+ is call$ ,,bun ,,j9 ,,fu4 ,!y are n arti/s1 b are kn[n z ,confucius' s*ol>s 7,,ju ,,%a71 & be+ pr(essional or tra9$ writ]s 9 ! difficult art ( ,*9ese calligraphy !y h a mann] ( pa9t+ /rictly sui g5]is4 ,x is kn[n z ! ,,nan ,,gwa or s\!rn lit]>y way ( pa9t+4 ,_! subjects are ! bamboo1 ! plum1 ! or*id & ! *rysan!mum1 call$ ! f\r p>agons 7,,%i ,,kun ,,%i74 ,^! & l&scapes !y pa9t ) _! writ+ bru% & m or less 9 :at is call$ ! grass "* 7,,s ,,%o7 mann] ( writ+4 ,9 fact1 !y (t5 aim to make _! pa9t+ look l writ+ & !y r>ely use any color except light-br[n 7,,tai ,,%a74 ,!y suppress l9e z di/+ui%$ f mass4 ,?is me?od is call$ bokkotsu 7see ,plate ,,xii74 ,su* pa9t+ ( ! ,,nan ,,gwa s*ool is1 9 a s5se1 calligraphic1 b t is n ! k9d ( pa9t+ :i* ,japanese arti/s are taught1 practice & pr(ess1 nor is x ev5 recogniz$ z an art1 b simply z an ecc5tric developm5t ( ! lit]>y man ) a ta/e = pa9t+4 ,at "o "t or ano!r well-kn[n arti/s1 especially at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,meiji era1 h affect$ ?is ,,bun ,,j9 calligraphy /yle simply z a pass+ fa%ion4 ,"o o!r possible explanation ( ! critics pron\nc+ all ,japanese pa9t+s calligraphic is t v>i\s ,*9ese *>act]s are1 z we h se51 invok$ & employ$ by ,japanese arti/s z memory aids to produc+ c]ta9 effects2 b 7 ^! *>act]s introduc$ calligraphically1 ! result w\ld be laughable4 ,x %\ld be pla9 !n t ,japanese pa9t+ is n calligraphic2 z well apply ! t]m calligraphy to "o ( ,turn]'s wat] colors4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,*9ese writ+ is built up on ^w pictures4 ,!re are betwe5 five & six hundr$ "m *>act]s1 all imitat+ ! %apes ( objects2 ^!1 ) _! lat] comb9ations1 con/itute ! ,*9ese writt5 sy/em1 s t :ile !re is no?+ calligraphic ab\t ,japanese pa9t+1 !re is mu* t is pictorial ab\t ,*9ese calligraphy4 ,o!r l&scape laws applicable to ?+s se5 at a di/ance 9 a pa9t+ require t di/ant trees %\ld %[ no bran*es nor leaves2 p at a di/ance1 no features2 di/ant m\nta9s1 no l$ges2 di/ant seas or riv]s1 no waves4 ,aga91 cl\ds %\ld indicate :5ce !y come2 runn+ wat] ! direction ( its s\rce2 m\nta9s1 _! *a9s2 & roads1 :i!r !y lead4 ,9 reg>d to pa9t+ mov+ wat]s1 :e!r ( deep or %all[1 9 riv]s or brooks1 bays or oceans1 ,*9anp9 decl>$ x 0 impossible = ! eye to seize _! exact =ms because !y are ev] *ang+ & h no fix$1 def9ite %ape1 !re=e !y c n be sket*$ satisfactorily2 yet1 z mov+ wat] mu/ be repres5t$ 9 pa9t+1 x %\ld be long & m9utely contemplat$ by ! arti/1 & its g5]al "*--:e!r leap+ 9 ! brook1 fl[+ 9 ! riv]1 ro>+ 9 ! cat>act1 surg+ 9 ! ocean or lapp+ ! %ore--obs]v$ & reflect$ ^u1 & aft] ! eye & memory are bo? suffici5tly tra9$ & ! v s\l ( ! arti/ is saturat$1 z x 71 ) ?is "o subject & he feels 8 :ole be+ calm & compos$1 he %\ld retire to ! privacy ( 8 /udio & ) ! e>ly morn+ sun to gladd5 8 _s !re attempt to reproduce ! movem5t ( ! fl[2 n by copy+ :at he has se51 = ! effect w\ld be /iff & wood51 b by symboliz+ accord+ to c]ta9 laws :at he feels & rememb]s4 ,9 "w ( ?is k9d !re are c]ta9 directions = ! employm5t ( ! bru% :i* c only be le>n$ f oral in/ruction & demon/ration by ! ma/]4 ,9 ,plate ,,xxxviii a1 #a1 ! me?od by :i* waves are reproduc$ is %[n1 ! circles indicat+ :]e ! bru% is turn$ ^u itself be=e aga9 curv+4 ,on ! same plate 7b7 waveless wat]1 %all[ wat]1 & riv] wat] ) curr5t are indicat$ at ! top1 middle & bottom1 respectively4 ,9 ,plate ,,xxxix a1 we h ! mov+ wat]s ( an inl& sea2 9 b1 ! b\nd+ wat]s ( a brook2 9 ,plate ,,xl1 ! /ormy waves ( ! ocean4 ,we w n[ consid] ano!r unique dep>tm5t ( ,japanese pa9t+ 9 connection ) ! g>m5ts ( human be+s4 ,! l9es & folds ( ! g>m5t may be pa9t$ 9 eighte5 diff]5t ways accord+ to :at are kn[n z ! eighte5 laws = ! dress 7,,emon ,,ju ,,ha*i ,,byo74 ,i w m5tion ea* ( ^! laws 9 its ord] & ref] to ! plate illu/rations ( ! same4 ,! float+ silk ?read l9e 7,,k\ ,,ko ,,yu ,,%i ,,by\7 7,plate ,,xli upp]74 ,?is l9e 0 introduc$ by ! ,tosa s*ool ( arti/s eight hundr$ ye>s ago & has be5 9 favor ev] s9ce4 ,x is ! pure/ or /&>d l9e & is res]v$ = ! robes ( elevat$ p]sonages4 ,! bru% is held firmly & ! l9es1 made to resemble silk ?reads drawn f ! cocoon1 are execut$ ) a free & un9t]rupt$ movem5t ( ! arm4 ,! ,koto /r+ l9e 7,,k9 ,,%i ,,by\7 7,plate ,,xli l[]74 ,?is is a l9e ( mu* dignity & ( uni=m r\ndness f />t to f9i%4 ,x is produc$ by us+ a little m ( ! tip ( ! bru% ?an 9 ! silk ?read l9e & !re mu/ be no break or pause 9 x until complet$4 ,?is l9e is us$ = dignifi$ subjects4 ,*as+ cl\ds & runn+ wat] l9es 7,,k\ ,,un ,,ryu ,,sui ,,by\7 7,plate ,,xlii upp]74 ,^! are produc$ ) a wave-l1 cont9u\s movem5t ( ! bru%--brea?+1 z x 74 ,su* l9es are g5]ally res]v$ = ! g>m5ts ( sa9ts1 "y m5 & wom54 ,! /ret*$ iron wire l9e 7,,tetsu ,,s5 ,,by\7 7,plate ,,xlii l[]74 ,?is is a v important l9e1 mu* employ$ by ,tosa arti/s & us$ = ! =mal1 /iffly se>*$ g>m5ts ( c\rt nobles1 samurai1 ,,no danc]s1 & umpires ( wre/l+ mat*es4 ,:5 ?is l9e is pa9t$ ! arti/ mu/ h ! feel+ ( c>v+ ^u metal4 ,! nail-head & rat-tail l9e 7,,tei ,,t\ ,,sobi ,,by\7 7,plate ,,xliii upp]74 ,9 mak+ ?is1 ! /roke is begun ) ! feel+ ( pa9t+ & reproduc+ ! h>d nature ( a tack & !n cont9u$ to depict a rat's tail1 :i* gr[s small by degrees & beautifully less4 ,! l9e ( ! female c\rt noble or tsubone 7,,s\ ,i ,,by\7 7,plate ,,xliii l[]74 ,?is l9e & ! prec$+ are mu* us$ = ! s(t & graceful g>m5ts ( "y m5 & wom5 & h always be5 favorites ) ! ,ukiyo e pa9t]s4 ,! will[-leaf l9e 7,,ryu ,,y ,,by\7 7,plate ,,xliv upp]74 ,?is l9e has always be5 9 great favor ) all ! s*ools1 & especially ) ! ,kano pa9t]s1 & is us$ indiscrim9ately = goddesses1 angels1 & devils4 ,x is int5d$ to reproduce ! s5tim5t ( ! will[ leaf1 comm5c+ ) a f9e po9t1 swell+ a little & aga9 dim9i%+4 ,! angleworm l9e 7,,kyu ,,en ,,by\7 7,plate ,,xliv l[]74 ,! angleworm is ( uni=m r\ndness ?r\gh\t its l5g? & x is ) t s5tim5t or kokoromo*i t x mu/ be pa9t$1 c>e be+ tak5 to conceal ! po9t ( ! bru% along ! l9e4 ,?is is a mo/ important l9e 9 all color pa9t+4 ,inde$1 :]e mu* pa9s are to be tak5 ) ! picture1 & ! colors are to be mo/ c>efully laid on1 x is ! be/ & favorite l9e4 ,! ru/y nail & old po/ l9e 7,,ketsu ,,t\ ,,tei ,,by\7 7,plate ,,xlv upp]74 ,?is l9e is pa9t$ ) a bru%1 ! po9t ( :i* is brok5 (f4 ,! ,kano s*ool ( arti/s p>ticul>ly affect ?is me?od ( l9e pa9t+ 9 depict+ begg>s1 h]mits1 & o!r su* *>act]s4 ,! date se$ l9e 7,,sau ,,gai ,,by\7 7,plate ,,xlv l[]74 ,?is l9e1 int5d$ to repres5t a cont9u\s succession ( date se$s1 is made ) a ?robb+ bru% & g5]ally us$ 9 ! g>m5ts ( sages & fam\s m5 ( le>n+4 ,! brok5 re$ l9e 7,,setsu ,,ro ,,by\7 7,plate ,,xlvi upp]7 is made ) a r dry bru% &1 z its "n indicates1 %\ld be pa9t$ ) ! feel+ ( reproduc+ brok5 re$s4 ,x is a l9e int5d$ to inspire t]ror1 awe1 con/]nation1 & is us$ = w> gods1 ,,fudo sama1 & o!r div9ities4 ,! gn>l$ knot l9e 7,,kan ,,ran ,,by\7 7,plate ,,xlvi l[]74 ,9 ?is k9d ( pa9t+ ! bru% is /opp$ f "t to "t & turn$ ^u itself ) a feel+ ( produc+ ! gn>l$ knots ( a tree4 ,! l9e is mu* us$ = gho/s1 dream pictures1 & ! l4 ,! :irl+ wat] l9e 7,,s5 ,,pitsu ,,sui ,,mon ,,by\7 7,plate ,,xlvii upp]7 is us$ = rapid "w & reproduces ! swirl ( ! /ream4 ,x 0 a favorite l9e ) ,kyosai4 ,! suppression l9e 7,,g5 ,,pitsu ,,by\7 7,plate ,,xlvii l[]7 is suitable :]e b few l9es ent] into ! pa9t+ ( ! dress4 ,any ( ! o!r sev5te5 l9es c be employ$ 9 ?is way4 ,! ,kano arti/s us$ x a great deal4 ,dry twig or old firewood l9e 7,,ko ,,%i ,,by\7 7,plate ,,xlviii upp]7 is g5]ally us$ 9 ! robes ( old m5 & produc$ by :at is call$ ! dry bru%2 t is1 a bru% ) v little wat] mix$ ) ! sumi4 ,! /roke mu/ be bold & free to be effective4 ,! or*id leaf l9e 7,,ran ,,yau ,,by\7 7,plate ,,xlviii l[]74 ,?is is a v beautiful me?od ( pa9t+ :]eby ! graceful %ape ( ! or*id leaf is recall$2 ! l9e is us$ = ! dresses ( gei%as & beauties 7bij97 g5]ally4 ,! bamboo leaf l9e 7,,*iku ,,yau ,,by\7 7,plate ,,xlix upp]74 ,?is /yle ( pa9t+1 :i* aims at sugge/+ ! leaf ( ! bamboo1 0 mu* 9 favor =m]ly 9 ,*9a4 ,japanese arti/s seldom employ x4 ,! mix$ /yle 7,,kon ,,by\7 7,plate ,,xlix l[]71 9 :i* any ( ! =ego+ sev5te5 /yles c be employ$ provid$ ! body ( ! g>m5t be laid on fir/ 9 mass & ! l9es pa9t$ 9 aft]w>d :ile ! sumi or pa9t is /ill damp4 ,?is gives a sat9y effect4 ,!re are _m o!r ways ( pa9t+ ! l9es ( ! g>m5t b ! prec$+ eighte5 laws give ! /rictly classic me?ods kn[n to ori5tal art4 ,! or*id1 bamboo1 plum1 & *rysan!mum p>agons 7,,ran ,,*iku ,,bai ,,kiku7 are call$ 9 art ! ,f\r ,p>agons4 ,al?\gh ^! may be ! fir/ /udies taught !y are g5]ally ! la/ subjects ma/]$4 ,mu* le>n+ & rese>* h be5 exp5d$ ^u !m 9 ,*9a & ,japan4 ,an arti/ :o c pa9t ,,%i ,,kun ,,%i is a ma/] ( ! bru%4 ,i w indicate "s ( ! laws applicable to ea* ( ^! subjects4 ,! or*id gr[s 9 ! deepe/ m\nta9 recesses1 exhal+ its p]fume & unfold+ its beauty 9 sil5ce & solitude1 unh]ald$ & unse52 ?us1 reg>dless ( its surr\nd+s & fulfill+ ! law ( its be+1 fifte5 hundr$ ye>s ago x 0 proclaim$ by ! poet & pa9t] ,san ,koku to typify true nobility & h5ce 0 a p>agon4 ,9 poetry x is call$ ! maid5's mirror4 ,_m great ,*9ese writ]s h tak5 ! or*id 7,,ran7 = _! nom de plume1 z ,ran ,ya1 ,ran ,tei1 ,ran ,kiku1 & ,ran ,ryo4 ,plate ,,lii %[s an or*id plant 9 fl[]4 ,! e/abli%$ ord] ( ! bru% /rokes = ! leaves ( is indicat$ at ! tips by num]als "o to elev52 t ( ! fl[] /alk & fl[] by numb]s twelve to tw5ty-"o4 ,v>i\s =ms are invok$ 9 pa9t+ bo? ! plant & ! fl[] & are m or less graphically sugge/$4 ,^! =ms are indicat$ by numb]s1 z foll[s3 ,leaf blade ,no4 #a reproduces twice ! /oma* ( ! mantis 7#bb71 ! tail ( ! rat 7#bc71 ) ! cl\d long+ 7,,bo ,,un7 ( ! tip 7#bd74 ,leaf ,no4 #b is simil>ly con/ruct$ b is pa9t$ to int]sect leaf ,no4 #a1 leav+ betwe5 !m a space 7,no4 #be7 call$ ! elephant's eye4 ,leaf ,no4 #c is int]sect$ by leaf ,no4 #d1 enclos+ ano!r space betwe5 !m1 kn[n z ! eye ( ! pho5ix4 ,add+ leaves ,nos4 #e & #f1 call$ ,,seki or kaz>i1 mean+ ornam5t1 we h ! mo/ ess5tial p>ts ( ! or*id plant4 ,leaf ,no4 #g is kn[n z ! rat's tail & leaf ,no4 #h z ! body ( a "y c>p4 ,nos4 #i1aj & #aa are call$ nail heads1 f _! fanci$ resemblance to su* objects4 ,) ^! ! plant is /ructurally complete4 ,bamboo1 ,sp>r[ & ,ra94 ,plate ,,vii4 ,bamboo1 ,sp>r[ & ,ra94 ,plate ,,vii4 ,! fl[] /alk is divid$ into f\r p>ts 7,nos4 #ab to #ae71 call$ rice %ea?s4 ,! fl[] is made ) six /rokes 7#af to #ba71 call$ ! fly+ bee 7#bf74 ,! ?ree dots 9 ! fl[] reproduce ! s5tim5t ( ! ,*9ese "* = he>t 7#bc74 ,! or*id is v>i\sly pa9t$ ris+ f ! gr\nd1 issu+ f ! banks ( a brook1 or cl++ ) its roots to a rocky cliff4 ,9 allusion to ! lonely places :]e x gr[s x is call$ ,i %iri no kusa or ! plant :i* ! wild bo> kn[s4 ,! or*id is cr$it$ ) m$ic9al prop]ties1 & ! fl[] /eep$ 9 w9e makes a potion :i* secures p]petual heal?4 ,! *>m ( fri5d%ip is lik5$ unto ! or*id's p]fume & ! fl[]s are worn by ! ladies ( ! c\rt to w>d (f maladies4 ,! leaves ( ! bamboo are gre5 at all seasons4 ,! /ems are /raight & po9t upw>ds4 ,! plant is beautiful "u all conditions--/ruggl+ b5ea? ! w9t] sn[ or fann$ by ! spr+ breeze1 sway+ ) ! /orm or b5d+ "u %[]s--its grace *all5ges admiration4 ,typify+ con/ancy & upright conduct1 x 0 claim$ ov] a ?\s& ye>s ago by ,%umo ,%iku to be a p>agon4 ,no?+ is m difficult to pa9t correctly ?an ?is plant4 ,plate ,,liii %[s ! bamboo ) its ess5tially compon5t p>ts & =ms indicat$ z foll[s3 ,! upright /alk is 9 five subdivisions 7#a to #e71 ea* diff]+ 9 l5g? b all sugge/+ ! ,*9ese "* = "o 7,,i*i7 pa9t$ upright4 ,^! are sep>at$ f ea* o!r by /rokes reproduc+ ! ,*9ese *>act]s = positively 7#bb71 = he>t 7#bc71 = second 7#bd71 = "o 7#be71 & = eight 7#bf74 ,! /em 7#f to #aj7 is compos$ ( rats' tails4 ,! mann] ( pa9t+ & comb9+ ! leaves ( ! bamboo is call$ take no ha no kumitata & is m9utely describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 ,ransai's great "w1 ,gwa ,fu4 ,! ess5tials are3 ,! five-leaf arrangem5t 7,,g ,,yo7 7#aa to #ae7 ) ! ornam5t 7#af71 call$ kaz>i4 ,! ?ree-leaf arrangem5t 7#ag to #ai7 call$ ,,ko ,,ji1 f its resemblance to ! ,*9ese "* ,,ko 7#cb74 ,! two-leaf arrangem5t 7#bj & #ba7 call$ ,,j9 ,,ji1 f its resemblance to ! "* ,,j9 7#cc71 a man4 ,9 fur!r developm5t ( ! plant ! foll[+ imitative arrangem5ts ( ! leaves are us$3 ,! fi% tail 7,,gyo ,,bi7 7#bg71 ! goldfi% triple tail 7,,k+yo ,,bi7 7#bh71 ! swall[ tail 7,,en ,,bi7 7#bi71 ! ,*9ese "* = bamboo 7,,*iku ,,ji7 7#cj71 & ! sev5-leaf arrangem5t 7,,%i*i ,,yo7 7#ca74 ,x w be obs]v$ h[ ! odd or positive numb]s 7,,yo7 are favor$4 ,! =ego+ me?od is us$ by ! ,okyo pa9t]s4 ,! ,kano arti/s h ano!r sy/em = comb9+ & elaborat+ ! leaf gr[?1 b x does n diff] radically f t "h giv54 ,! leaf ( ! bamboo reproduces ! %ape ( a c>p's body 7#cd74 ,x also resembles ! tail fea!rs ( ! pho5ix4 ,an oil is made f ! bamboo & is said to be good = p ) quick temp]s4 ,_m arti/s adopt ! "n ( bamboo = _! nom de plume2 witness1 ,*iku ,jo1 ,*iku ,d1 ,*iku ,%o1 ,*iku ,d5 & ! l4 ,x is said t ! full moon ca/s ! %ad[ ( ! bamboo 9 a way no o!r light approa*es4 ,! le>n$ ,okubu ,%ibutsu fir/ obs]v$ ?is & ! discov]y l$ to 8 becom+ ! greate/ ( all bamboo pa9t]s4 ,nightly he us$ to trace ) sumi su* bamboo %ad[s on 8 pap] w9d[4 ,%o ,h91 a lady arti/ ( ,tokyo1 enjoys a well-e>n$ reputation = pa9t+ bamboo4 ,%e 0 a pupil ( ,tai ,zan1 a ,kyoto repres5tative ( ! ,*9ese s*ool4 ,! ,kano pa9t]s mu* favor$ ! subject ( ! sev5 sages 9 ! bamboo grove4 ,bamboo grass 7,,sassa7 is mu* pa9t$ by all ! s*ools4 ,x is v decorative4 ,!re is a male & a female bamboo2 f ! latt] 7m$ake7 arr[s are made4 ,! uses to :i* man puts ! bamboo are surpris+ly num]\s1 ?us =tify+ its claims to be reg>d$ a p>agon4 ,! plum is ! fir/ tree ( ! ye> to bloom4 ,x has a dejicate p]fume4 ,?\gh ! trunk ( ! tree gr[s old x r5ews its y\? & beauty e spr+ ) vigor\s fre% bran*es cr[d$ ) buds & blossoms4 ,9 old age ! tree takes on ! %ape ( a sleep+ dragon4 ,) no o!r fl[] or tree are associat$ m beautiful & pa!tic folk-lore & hi/orical facts4 ,= ^! & o!r reasons ,r5nasei assign$ to ! plum its place z a p>agon c5turies & c5turies ago4 ,! tree bran*es ) _! int]lac+s reproduce ! _s ( ! ,*9ese "* = woman1 call$ ,,jo ,,ji 7,plate ,l1 ,no4 #a74 ,! blossom 7#b7 is pa9t$ on ! pr9ciple ( ,,9 ,,yo1 ! upp] portion ( ! petal l9e be+ ! positive or ,,yo & ! l[] be+ ! negative or ,,9 side4 ,?is is repeat$ five times = ! five petals ( ! blossom 7#c74 ,! /am5s 7#d7 & pi/ils are reproductions ( ! ,*9ese "* ,,%o1 mean+ small4 ,= ! calyx 7#e7 ! ,*9ese "* = clove 7,,*o7 is invok$4 ,! great s*ol> & nobleman1 ,sugew>a ,mi*izane1 p>ticul>ly lov$ ! plum tree4 ,bani%$ f 8 home1 z he 0 leav+ 8 gr\nds he address$ t sil5t s5t9el ( 8 g>d5 9 ! foll[+ v]se1 :i* has e>n$ immortality3 ,d ?\1 de> plum tree1 s5d out ?y p]fume :5 ! ea/ w9d bl[s2 ,&1 ?\gh ?y ma/] be no long] "h1 ,=get n to blossom always :5 ! spr+time comes4 ,9 ,japan ! plum1 ?\gh n eat5 raw1 :5 salt$ has wond]ful /r5g? su/a9+ prop]ties1 & 9 w>time supplies z ume bo%i a valuable conc5trat$ food4 ,! *rysan!mum has be5 cultivat$ 9 ,*9a = f\r ?\s& ye>s & its fame 0 sung by ! poet & s*ol>1 ,to ,en ,mei1 :o priz$ x above all else "u heav5 & assign$ x ! rank ( p>agon4 ,:5 all ,nature is prep>+ = ! long sleep ( w9t] & ! r$1 br[n & gold5 =e/ leaves are dropp+1 spiritless1 to ! gr\nd1 ! *rysan!mum comes =? f ! e>? 9 fre% & radiant colors4 ,x gladd5s ! he>t 9 ! sad season ( autumn4 ,its clu/]$ petals1 all unit$ & nev] scatt]+1 typify ! family1 ! /ate1 & ! ,empire4 ,= ! la/ six hundr$ ye>s ! sixte5-petal$ *rysan!mum has be5 ! emblem ( ,imp]ial sov]eignty 9 ,japan4 ,) arti/s x has always be5 a favorite fl[] subject4 ,!re are innum]able ways ( pa9t+ x4 ,plate ,,li %[s ! *rysan!mum fl[] & leaves pa9t$ 9 ! ,okyo mann]4 ,!re is an e/abli%$ ord] 9 :i* ! leaves mu/ be execut$4 ,view$ f ! front 7,nos4 #a & #b7 ! ord] ( ! bru% /roke is z indicat$ on ! plate2 view$ f ! side ! bru% is appli$ 9 ! ord] indicat$ 9 ,nos4 #d & #e4 ,! fl[] 7#f & #g7 is built up f ! bud 7#e71 petals be+ add$ accord+ to ! effect s\ght4 ,! fl[] half op5$ is %[n 9 ,no4 #f1 & :olly op5$ 9 ,no4 #g4 ,! calyx some:at reproduces ! ,*9ese writt5 "* ,,*o4 ,! ,kano pa9t]s h a diff]5t way ( pa9t+ ! *rysan!mum leaves & fl[]s1 b ! =ego+ illu/rates ! g5]al pr9ciples obta9+ 9 all ! s*ools4 ,kor9 pa9t$ ! ,,kiku 9 a mann] q diff]5t f t ( any o!r arti/4 ,! ^w ,,kiku is ,*9ese1 ! ,japanese ^w = ! fl[] be+ kaw>a yomogi4 ,! ,nagoya arti/s h always be5 p>ticul>ly skilful 9 pa9t+ ! *rysan!mum 9 an exceptionally engag+ way4 ,! little m>gu]ite-l blossom is call$ mame-giku1 & is a univ]sal favorite among all arti/s4 ,! impression produc$ on "o :o = ! fir/ "t he>s enum]at$ ^! v>i\s laws may possibly be t all su* me?ods = secur+ arti/ic effects are arbitr>y1 me*anical & unnatural4 ,b 9 practice1 ! arti/ :o invokes _! aid f9ds !y produce inv>iably pleas+ & satisfactory results4 ,x mu/ n be suppos$ t su* laws are exclusive ( all o!r me?ods ( pa9t+ 9 ! ,japanese /yle4 ,on ! contr>y ! arti/ is at lib]ty to use any o!r me?od he may select provid$ ! result is arti/ically correct4 ,_m pa9t]s h inv5t$ me?ods ( _! own :i* are n includ$ 9 ! =ego+ enum]ation ( ^! laws ( l9es1 dots & l$ges1 :i*1 x mu/ always be borne 9 m9d1 are only to assi/ ! arti/ :o may be 9 d\bt or difficulty z to h[ he %all be/ express ! effect he aims at4 ,x is su* second nature = him to employ !m t he does s z unconsci\sly z "o 9 writ+ w invoke ! rules ( gramm>4 ,x is relat$ t a great /atesman1 be+ ask$ if x 7 necess>y = a diplomat to "k ,lat9 & ,greek1 repli$ t x 0 q suffici5t = him to h =gott5 !m4 ,& s ) ^! laws4 ,a k ( !m is a necess>y "p ( ! education ( e ,japanese arti/1 = !y lie at ! v f\ndation ( ! art ( ori5tal pa9t+4 ,*9ese writ+ ab\nds ) simil> pr9ciples2 x is a law applicable to "o k9d ( su* writ+1 call$ ,,rei ,,%o1 t 9 ea* "* !re %all be "o /roke :i* beg9s ) ! head ( a silkworm & t]m9ates ) a goose's tail4 ,?is also may s\nd odd & seem =c$1 yet ?is law gives a special & wond]ful ca*et to ! "* s writt54 ,"s acqua9tance ) ^! pr9ciples & me?ods invok$ by arti/s adds mu* to our ke5 enjoym5t ( _! "w1 j z an analysis ( ! *ords 9 a musical composition increases our pleasure 9 ! h>monies !y produce4 ,rusk9 has discov]$ 9 ! v e>lie/ art ! frequ5t use ( simple =ms sugge/$ by ! slightly curv$ & spr++ pr(ile ( ! leaf bud :i*1 he decl>es1 is ( enorm\s importance ev5 9 m\nta9 ranges1 :5 n vital b fall+ =ce is sugge/$4 8,?is ab/ract conclusion ! great ?irte5? c5tury arti/s 7 ! fir/ to arrive at0 7,rusk9's ,mod4 ,pa9t]s1 ,vol4 ,,iii71 & ev5 9 ! ar*itecture ( ! be/ ca!drals t au?or detects ! obs]vance ( ! law det]m9+ 9 an ivy leaf ! arrangem5t ( its p>ts ab\t a c5t]4 ,9 ,japanese art simple =ms suppli$ by nature are (t5 us$ = sugge/+ o!r =ms z1 = in/ance1 ! /ork's legs = ! p9e tree bran*es1 ! turtle's back = ! p9e b>k l9es1 ! fi% tail = bamboo leafage1 ! elephant's eye 9 ! or*id plant1 ! %ape ( ,fujiyama = ! =ehead ( a beautiful woman1 & v>i\s ,*9ese *>act]s1 orig9ally pictorial1 adumbrat$ 9 trees1 fl[]s & o!r subjects4 ,! univ]sality ( su* und]ly+ type =ms recogniz$ & appli$ by ori5tal arti/s is confirmatory ( ! pr9ciple t 9 bo? nature & art all is unit$ by a common *a9 or commune v9culum atte/+ ! h>mony betwe5 creat$ ?+s4 ,a ,japanese pa9t+ execut$ ) ! aid ( su* res\rces teems ) vital =ce & sugge/ion1 & to ! eye ( a connoisseur 7kuroto7 becomes a brea?+ microcosm4 ,to give "s idea ( ! ord] 9 :i* ! compon5t p>ts ( an object are pa9t$ accord+ to ,japanese rules1 :i* are always /r+5tly insi/$ ^u1 fl[]s l ! *rysan!mum & peony are begun at _! c5tral po9t & built up f )9 outw>dly1 ! petals be+ add$ to increase ! size z ! fl[] op5s4 ,9 a fl[] subject ! blossoms are pa9t$ fir/2 ! buds come next2 !n ! /em1 /alks1 leaves & _! ve9+s1 & la/ly ! dots call$ *obo *obo4 ,! e/abli%$ ord] = ! human figure is z foll[s3 ,nose & eyebr[s1 eyes1 m\?1 e>s1 sides ( ! face1 *91 =ehead1 head1 neck1 h&s1 feet1 & f9ally ! app>el$ body4 ,9 ,japanese art ! nude figure is nev] pa9t$4 ,9 a tree ! ord] is trunk1 c5tral & side limbs 7,plate ,,xxi71 bran*es & _! subdivisions1 leaves & _! ve9+s1 & dots4 ,9 birds3 ,! beak 9 ?ree /rokes 7,,t51 ,,*i1 ,,j971 ! eye1 ! head1 ! ?roat & brea/1 ! back1 ! w+s1 ! body1 ! tail1 ! legs1 claws1 nails & eyeball 7,plate ,,xxii74 ,9 l&scape "w ! g5]al rule is to pa9t :at is ne>e/ fir/ & :at is f>!/ la/4 ,kubota's me?od 0 to d all ?is rapidly &1 if possible1 ) "o dip ( ! well-wat]$ bru% into ! sumi1 s t z ! sumi becomes gradually dilut$ & exhau/$ ! prop] effect ( =egr\nd1 middle di/ance & remote p]spective is obta9$4 ,9 pa9t+ m\nta9 ranges t rec$e "o beh9d ! o!r ! same process is foll[$1 & m\nta9s z !y disappe> to ! "r or left ( ! picture %\ld t5d to rise4 ,?is pr9ciple is call$ ,,bo ,,un or cl\d long+4 ,x is useless "h to enum]ate ! _m faults :i* art /ud5ts are w>n$ aga9/ committ+4 ,suffice x to say ! numb] is enorm\s4 ,out ( _m ( ! ,*9ese =mulas ,i w give only "o1 :i* is kn[n z ,,%i ,,byo or ! f\r faults1 & is z foll[s3 ,,ja1 ,,kan1 ,,zoku1 ,,rai4 ,,ja ref]s to attempt$ orig9ality 9 a pa9t+ )\t ! ability to give x "*1 dep>t+ f all law to produce some?+ n r$ucible to any law or pr9ciple4 ,,kan is produc+ only sup]ficial1 pleas+ effect )\t any p[] 9 ! bru% /roke--a *>act]less pa9t+ to *>m only ! ignorant4 ,,zoku ref]s to ! fault ( pa9t+ f a m]c5>y motive only1--?9k+ ( money in/ead ( art4 ,,rai is ! base imitation ( or copy+ or cribb+ f o!rs4 ,*apt] #e ,head-,b&3 ,maple leaves are associat$ ) ,t5 ,j9 7,sugiw>a ,mi*izane71 patron ( le>n+4 ,*ildr5 9 invok+ 8 aid 9 a little pray] c\nt ! po9ts ( ! maple leaf1 say+1 8yoku te ag>0--assi/ u to be clev]4 ,9 ,japanese ! maple leaf is call$ kaide1 mean+ frog's h&4 ,,*apt] ,,five4 ,,canons ,,( ,,! ,,ae/hetics ,,( ,,japanese ,,pa9t+ ,"o ( ! mo/ important pr9ciples 9 ! art ( ,japanese pa9t+--inde$1 a fundam5tal & entirely di/9ctive *>act]i/ic--is t call$ liv+ movem5t1 ,,sei ,,d1 or kokoro mo*i1 x be+1 s to say1 ! transfusion into ! "w ( ! felt nature ( ! ?+ to be pa9t$ by ! arti/4 ,:atev] ! subject to be translat$--:e!r riv] or tree1 rock or m\nta91 bird or fl[]1 fi% or animal--! arti/ at ! mom5t ( pa9t+ x mu/ feel its v nature1 :i*1 by ! magic ( 8 art1 he transf]s into 8 "w to rema9 =ev]1 affect+ all :o see x ) ! same s5sations he exp]i5c$ :5 execut+ x4 ,?is is n an imag9>y pr9ciple b a /rictly en=c$ law ( ,japanese pa9t+4 ,! /ud5t is incessantly admoni%$ to obs]ve x4 ,%\ld 8 subject be a tree1 he is urg$ :5 pa9t+ x to feel ! /r5g? :i* %oots ?r\gh ! bran*es & su/a9s ! limbs4 ,or if a fl[]1 to try to feel ! grace ) :i* x exp&s or b[s its blossoms4 ,inde$1 no?+ is m con/antly urg$ ^u 8 att5tion ?an ?is great und]ly+ pr9ciple1 t x is impossible to express 9 art :at "o does n fir/ feel4 ,! ,romans taught _! actors t !y mu/ fir/ weep if !y w\ld move o!rs to te>s4 ,! ,greeks c]ta9ly und]/ood ! pr9ciple1 else h[ did !y successfully inve/ ) imp]i%able life _! creations 9 m>ble8 ,9 ,japan ! highe/ complim5t to an arti/ is to say he pa9ts ) 8 s\l1 8 bru% foll[+ ! dictates ( 8 _s4 ,japanese pa9t]s frequ5tly repeat ! precept3 ,waga kokoro waga te wo yaku ,waga te waga kokoro ni ozuru4 ,our _s mu/ make our h& its s]vitor2 ,our h& mu/ respond to ea* behe/ ( our _s4 ,! ,japanese arti/ is taught t ev5 to ! plac+ ( a dot 9 ! eyeball ( a tig] he mu/ fir/ feel ! savage1 cruel1 fel9e "* ( ! bea/1 & only "u su* influ5ce %\ld he apply ! bru%4 ,if he pa9t a /orm1 he mu/ at ! mom5t realize pass+ ov] him ! v tornado :i* te>s up trees f _! roots & h\ses f _! f\ndations4 ,%\ld he depict ! seacoa/ ) its cliffs & mov+ wat]s1 at ! mom5t ( putt+ ! wave-b\nd rocks into ! picture he mu/ feel t !y are be+ plac$ !re to resi/ ! fi]ce/ movem5t ( ! ocean1 :ile to ! waves 9 turn he mu/ give an irresi/ible p[] to c>ry all be=e !m2 ?us1 by ?is s5tim5t1 call$ liv+ movem5t 7,,sei ,,d71 reality is imp>t$ to ! inanimate object4 ,?is is "o ( ! m>vel\s secrets ( ,japanese pa9t+1 h&$ d[n f ! great ,*9ese pa9t]s & bas$ on psy*ological pr9ciples--matt] responsive to m9d4 ,*ikudo1 ! celebrat$ tig] pa9t] 7,plate ,,vi71 /udi$ & pond]$ s long ov] ! savage expression 9 ! eye ( ! tig] 9 ord] to reproduce its fi]c5ess t1 x is relat$1 he became at "o "t m5tally unbalanc$1 b 8 pa9t+s ( tig]s are inimitable4 ,!y exemplify ,,sei ,,d4 ,f :at has be5 said x w be appreciat$ :y1 9 a ,japanese pa9t+1 s mu* value is atta*$ to ! /r5g? ) :i* ! bru% /rokes are execut$ 7fude no *ic>a71 to ! v>y+ lights & %ades ( ! sumi 7,,boku ,,%oku71 to _! play & %e5 7tsuya71 & to ! manife/ation ( ! arti/'s p[] accord+ to ! pr9ciple ( liv+ movem5t 7,,sei ,,d74 ,9 a ,european pa9t+ su* consid]ations h no place4 ,an oil pa9t+ c be rubb$ out & done ov] "t & aga9 until ! arti/ is satisfi$4 ,a sumi e or ink pa9t+ mu/ be execut$ once & = all "t & )\t hesitation1 & no corrections are p]missible or possible4 ,any bru% /roke on pap] or silk pa9t$ ov] a second "t results 9 a smudge2 ! life has left x4 ,all corrections %[ :5 ! ink dries4 ,japanese arti/s are n b\nd d[n to ! lit]al pres5tation ( ?+s se54 ,!y h a canon1 call$ esoragoto1 :i* means lit]ally an inv5t$ picture1 or a picture into :i* c]ta9 inv5tion fictions are pa9t$4 ,e pa9t+ to be effective mu/ be esoragoto2 t is1 !re mu/ ent] !re9 c]ta9 arti/ic lib]ties4 ,x %\ld aim n s mu* to reproduce ! exact ?+ z its s5tim5t1 call$ kokoro mo*i1 :i* is ! mov+ _s ( ! sc5e4 ,x mu/ n be a facsimile4 ,:5 we look at a pa9t+ :i* pleases u :at is ! cause or s\rce ( our satisfaction8 ,:y does su* pa9t+ give u (t5times m satisfaction ?an ! sc5e itself :i* x recalls8 ,x is l>gely because ( esoragoto or ! admixture ( inv5tion 7! arti/ic unreality7 ) ! un>ti/ic reality2 ! poetic h&l+ or treatm5t ( :at 9 ! orig9al may 9 "s respects be commonplace4 ,a correctly execut$ ,japanese pa9t+ 9 sumi call$ sumi e1 is ess5tially a false picture s f> z color goes1 :]e any?+ 9 x n black is repres5t$4 ,h5ce1 sumi pa9t+s ( l&scapes1 fl[]s & trees1 are untrue z to color1 & ! art lies 9 mak+ ?+s ?us repres5t$ seem ! opposite ( :at !y appe> & cause ! s5tim5t ( color to be felt ?r\gh a m$ium :i* conta9s no color4 ,?is is esoragoto4 ,x is relat$ t ,okubo ,%ibutsu1 fam\s = pa9t+ bamboo1 0 reque/$ to execute a kakemono repres5t+ a bamboo =e/4 ,cons5t+1 he pa9t$ ) all 8 kn[n skill a picture 9 :i* ! entire bamboo grove 0 9 r$4 ,! patron ^u its receipt m>vel$ at ! extraord9>y skill ) :i* ! pa9t+ _h be5 execut$1 &1 repair+ to ! arti/'s resid5ce1 he said3 8,ma/]1 ,i h come to ?ank y = ! picture2 b1 excuse me1 y h pa9t$ ! bamboo r$40 8,well10 cri$ ! ma/]1 89 :at color w\ld y desire x80 8,9 black1 ( c\rse10 repli$ ! patron4 8,& :o10 answ]$ ! arti/1 8ev] saw a black-leav$ bamboo80 ,?is /ory well illu/rates esoragoto4 ,! ,japanese are s accu/om$ to associate true color ) :at ! sumi /&s = t n only is fiction 9 ?is respect p]missible b actually miss$ :5 n employ$4 ,9 a l&scape pa9t+ effects are frequ5tly introduc$ :i* are n to be f\nd 9 ! sc5e sket*$4 ,! false or fictiti\s is add$ to height5 ! effect4 ,?is is esoragoto-- ! privileg$ dep>ture1 ! false made to seem true4 ,9 a l&scape a tree is (t5 f\nd to occupy an un=tunate place or !re is no tree :]e its pres5ce w\ld height5 ! effect4 ,"h ! arti/ w ei!r suppress or add x1 accord+ to ! necessities ( treatm5t4 ,n e l&scape is improv$ by trees or plantations2 nor1 inde$1 is e view conta9+ trees a type sc5e = l&scape treatm5t4 ,h5ce1 c]ta9 lib]ties are conc$$ ! arti/ provid$ only ! effect is pleas+ & satisfactory & t no probabilities seem violat$4 ,?is is esoragoto4 ,horace und]/ood ?is & lays x d[n z a fundam5tal pr9ciple 9 art3 8,quid libet aud5di04 ,! arti/ w (t5times see f a po9t ( view impossible 9 nature1 b if ! result is pleas+ ! lib]ty is accord$4 ,ses%u1 "o ( ! greate/ l&scape pa9t]s ( ,japan1 on return+ to 8 own c\ntry aft] hav+ /udi$ "s ye>s 9 ,*9a1 made a pa9t+ ( 8 native village ) its temple & temple groves1 w9d+ riv] & pagoda or five-ro($ t[]4 ,8 att5tion be+ subsequ5tly call$ to ! fact t 9 ?is village !re 0 no t[] or pagoda1 he exclaim$ t !re ought to be "o to make ! l&scape p]fect1 & !reupon he _h ! t[] con/ruct$ at 8 own exp5se4 ,he _h pa9t$ 9 ! pagoda unconsci\sly4 ,?is 0 esoragoto4 ,!re are no p 9 ! _w :o h a high] idea ( ! dignity ( art ?an ! ,japanese & x is a pr9ciple ) !m t e pa9t+ wor?y ( ! "n %\ld reflect t dignity1 %\ld te/ify to its own wor? & ?us ju/ly impress ) s5tim5ts ( admiration ^? to :om x may be %[n4 ,?is intr9sic l(t9ess1 elevation or wor? is kn[n 9 _! art by ! t]m ,,ki ,,94 ,)\t ?is quality ! pa9t+1 arti/ically consid]$ & critically judg$1 mu/ be pron\nc$ a failure4 ,su* picture may be p]fect2 9 proportion & design1 correct 9 bru% =ce & faultless 9 color s*eme2 x may h compli$ ) ! pr9ciples ( ,,9 ,,yo1 & ,,t51 ,,*i1 ,,j9 or heav51 e>? & man2 x may h scrupul\sly obs]v$ all ! rules ( l9es1 dots & l$ges & yet if ,,ki ,,9 be want+ ! pa9t+ has fail$ z a "w ( true art4 ,:at is ?is subtle some?+ call$ ,,ki ,,98 ,9 our v>i$ exp]i5ces ( life we all h met ) noble m5 & wom5 ^: beautiful & elevat+ *>act]s h impress$ u ! mom5t we h be5 br\ght into relation ) !m4 ,! same quality :i* ?us affects u 9 p]sons is :at ! ,japanese und]/& by ,,ki ,,9 9 a pa9t+4 ,x is t indef9able some?+ :i* 9 e great "w sugge/s elevation ( s5tim5t1 nobility ( s\l4 ,f ! e>lie/ times ! great art writ]s ( ,*9a & ,japan h decl>$ t ?is quality1 ?is manife/ation ( ! _s1 c nei!r be imp>t$ nor acquir$4 ,x mu/ be innate4 ,x is1 s to say1 a div9e se$ implant$ 9 ! s\l by ! ,creator1 !re to unfold1 exp& & blossom1 te/ify+ its hidd5 resid5ce ) great] or less] *>m accord+ to ! life sp5t1 great pr9ciples adh]$ to & ideals realiz$4 ,su* is :at ! ,japanese und]/& by ,,ki ,,94 ,x is1 ,i ?9k1 ak9 to :at ! ,romans meant by div9us afflatus--t div9e & vital brea?1 t emanation ( ! s\l1 :i* vivifies & ennobles ! "w & r5d]s x immortal4 ,& x is a /rik+ comm5t>y ^u arti/ life 9 ,japan t _m ( ! great arti/s ( ! ,tosa & ,kano s*ools1 9 ! middle ye>s ( _! active lives1 retir$ f ! _w1 %av$ _! heads1 &1 tak+ ! titul> rank ( ,,hog51 ,,ho9 or ,,hokyo1 became ,buddhi/ prie/s & ent]$ mona/]ies1 !re to pass _! rema9+ days1 divid+ _! "t betwe5 m$itation & inspir$ "w t !y might leave 9 dy+ n only spotless names b imp]i%able monum5ts rais$ to ! honor & glory ( ,japanese art4 ,*apt] #f ,head-,b&3 ,! *rysan!mum patt]n4 ,,*apt] ,,six4 ,,subjects ,,= ,,japanese ,,pa9t+ 7,,gwa ,,dai7 ,a ,japanese arti/ w nev] ( 8 own accord pa9t a fl[] out ( season or a spr+ l&scape 9 autumn2 ! fitness ( ?+s ins5sibly influ5ces him4 ,f anci5t times c]ta9 pr9ciples h det]m9$ 8 *oice ( subjects1 accord+ ei!r to ! p]iod ( ! ye> or to ! fe/ivals1 c]emonies1 ent]ta9m5ts or o!r ev5ts he may be requir$ to commemorate4 ,all su* subjects are call$ ,,gwa ,,dai4 ,z "o )\t "s k ( ^! _c appreciate mu* t is int]e/+ ab\t art cu/oms 9 ,japan1 a brief ref]5ce to !m w be made1 beg9n+ ) ^? subjects suitable to ! diff]5t mon?s ( ! ye>3 ,janu>y--,= ,new ,ye>'s day 7,,%o ,,gwatsu ,,gwan ,,jitsu7 favorite subjects are 8! sun ris+ above ! ocean10 call$ hi no de ni nami 7,plate ,,liv ,no4 #a72 8,m\nt ,horai0 7#b71 8! sun ) /orks & tortoises0 7#c1 #d1 #e72 or 8,fukurokuju10 a god ( good luck4 ,_m mean+s are associat$ ) ^! subjects4 ,! sun nev] *anges & ! ocean is ev] *ang+1 h5ce ,,9 ,,yo is symboliz$4 ,! sun1 ! ocean & ! circumambi5t air symbolize ,,t5 ,,*i ,,j9 or ! univ]se4 ,horai 7,,san7 is a symbol = ,japan4 ,x is ! l(ty m\nta9 on a fabl$ isl& 9 ! di/ant sea1 ref]r$ to 9 e>ly ,*9ese writ+s1 inhabit$ by sages 7,,s5 ,,n971 & conta9+ ! p9e1 bamboo & plum 7kn[n 9 art z ,,%o1 ,,*iku1 ,,bai71 ! p9e /&+ = longevity1 ! bamboo = rectitude & ! plum blossom = fragrance & grace4 ,! /ork & ! tortoise1 ^: back is cov]$ ) seawe$1 bo? typify long life1 ! anci5t say+ be+ t ! /ork lives = "o ?\s& & ! tortoise = t5 ?\s& ye>s 7tsuru wa ,,s5 ,,n51 kame wa ,,man ,,n574 ,fukurokuju is "o ( ! sev5 gods ( good luck1 ^: "n means happ9ess1 weal? & long life4 ,on ,new ,ye>'s day are susp5d$ on ei!r side ( 8 picture bamboo & plum subjects 7,plate ,,lv1 #a1 #b1 #c74 ,?is jovial god's "n is sometimes happily int]pret$ by a triple kakemono 7,,san ,,buku ,,tsui73 ,! middle "o is ! sun & waves1 = long life 7,,ju72 on ! "r1 rice gra9s1 = weal? 7,,roku71 & on ! left ! fl[] ( ! cotton plant1 = happ9ess 7,,fuku71 because its corolla is gold5 & its fruit silv]y1 ! gold & silv] sugge/+ felicity 7,plate ,,lvi1 #a1 #b1 #c74 ,?is makes a *>m+ comb9ation4 ,an excursion into ! fields ( ,*9ese philology 9 connection ) ! "n ( ?is god ( good luck w\ld unfold "s wond]ful ^w pictur+4 ,trac$ to _! hi]oglyphical beg9n+s1 ,,fuku signifies bless+s f heav52 ,,roku1 rank1 commemorat$ 9 c>v+1 & 7,,ju71 agricultural pursuits1 associat$ ) :ite hair4 ,an especially appropriate picture = ?is season ( great fe/ivity is call$ 8! p9e at ! gate0 7kado matsu74 ,x commemorates ! cu/om on ! fir/ day ( ! ye> ( plant+ p9e trees at ! entrance to ,japanese public build+s & private resid5ces4 ,f ! rope 7%im5awa7 7,plate ,,lv1 #d7 are susp5d$ /rips ( :ite pap] 7gohei7 typify+ purity ( ! s\l2 ^! hang 9 gr\ps ( ?ree1 five & sev51 ! odd or lucky numb] s]ies associat$ ) ! positive or male pr9ciple 7,,yo7 ( ,,9 ,,yo4 ,ano!r appropriate subject = ?is e>ly season ( ! ye> is rice cakes 7mo*i7 9 ! %apes ( ! sun & full moon 7,plate ,,lv1 #e74 ,9 ! picture ! fruit call$ dai dai is plac$ on ! top ( ! rice cakes1 ! ^w ,,dai mean+ ages1 h5ce associat$ ) longevity4 ,at ! base ( ! /& is a prawn 7ebi74 ,?is equally sugge/s old age because ! prawn is b5t 9 two4 ,! leaf ( ! yuzuri is introduc$ because x is an auspici\s ^w & means succession4 ,! picture ( a battl$oor & %uttlecock 7hagoita7 is also appropriate = ,new ,ye> z x commemorates ! anci5t practice ( ! ,japanese indulg+ 9 t pa/ime on t day 7,plate ,,lvi1 #d74 ,dur+ ,janu>y a v popul> picture = ! alcove 7tokonoma7 is ! treasure%ip1 call$ taka-rabune 7,plate ,,lvi1 #e74 ,! vessel z x sails into port is heavily lad5 ) all ( ! v>i\s tools & ut5sils typify+ great weal? to be f\nd 9 ! capaci\s bag ( ,dai ,koku1 a ,japanese god ( good luck4 ,^! are a ball1 a hamm]1 weights1 cloves1 silv] bronze1 & ! god's ra9coat & hat4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! second ( ,janu>y if ! pa9t+ ( a treasure%ip be put "u ! pill[ & "o dreams ( ei!r ,fujisan1 a falcon or an eggplant1 ! ye> long he w be =tunate4 ,x w be obs]v$ t on ! sail ( ! treasure boat is inscrib$ ! ,*9ese "* = ,,tak>a1 mean+ treasure4 ,on ! sev5? day ( ,janu>y occurs ! fir/ ( ! five holidays1 call$ g sekku1 & vegetable subjects are pa9t$4 ,^! are call$ ! sev5 grasses 7hotoke za or nana kusa7 & consi/ ( p>sley1 %eph]d's purse1 *ickwe$1 sa9t's seat1 wild turnip & radi%4 ,!y are susceptible ( mo/ arti/ic treatm5t & +5i\s1 orig9al designs are (t5 evolv$ 7,plate ,,lvii1 #f74 ,febru>y--,! cock & ! h51 ) ! budd+ plum bran*1 are n[ appropriate4 ,! subject is kn[n z ! 8plum & *ick5s0 7ume ni tori7 7,plate ,,lvii1 #a74 ,! *ick5 figures 9 ! e>lie/ hi/ory ( ,japan4 ,:5 ! cock cr[s ! ,japanese he> ! words ,,kokka ,,koo1 :i*1 phonetically r5d]$ into ,*9ese *>act]s1 read 8happ9ess to our entire l&40 ,! ,*9ese he> diff]5tly4 ,to !m ! cock cr[s ,,tot5 ,,ko1 mean+ 8! ea/]n heav5s are r$d5+10 s to !m ! cock h]alds ! e>ly morn4 ,fam\s pa9t+s ( *ick5s h come f ! bru%es ( ,okyo1 ,tessan 7,plate ,,iii71 & o!rs ( ! ,m>uyama s*ool4 ,dur+ ,febru>y1 ! mon? ( ! plum1 ! appropriate pa9t+s are ( t fl[] & ! ,japanese w>bl] 7ume ni uguisu7 7,plate ,,lvii1 #b74 ,?is s++ bird ann\nces ! spr+ ) its melodi\s notes 7,,hoho ,,kekyo71 :i*1 r5d]$ by ! ,buddhi/ into ,*9ese *>act]s1 give ! "n ( ! pr9cipal book ( ! eighte5 volumes ( ,%aka1 entitl$1 8! m>vel\s law ( ! lotus40 ,ano!r picture suitable to ,febru>y is kn[n z 8! la/ ( ! sn[0 7zan setsu7 7,plate ,,lvii1 #c74 ,m>*--,?is mon? is associat$ ) ! pea* blossom1 & kakemono ( g>d5s conta9+ pea* trees1 call$ momo no ,,en 7,plate ,,lvii1 #d71 are 9 favor4 ,toba ,saku is relat$ to h liv$ eight ?\s& ye>s subsi/+ ^u ! fruit ( ! pea*2 h5ce1 ! pea* blossom is a symbol = longevity1 & sake made f ! fruit is drunk ?r\gh\t ,japan 9 ,m>*4 ,"o ( ! mo/ fam\s prose writ+s 9 ,*9ese lit]ature is ,,ran-,,tei ,,kioka ,,sui4 ,x commemorates a pa/ime ( ! le>n$1 call$ 8! sake cup40 ,a favorite way ( int]pret+ ?is subject is to pa9t a g>d5 ( blossom+ pea* trees & spread+ banana palms bord]+ a fl[+ /ream1 ) a nobleman atta*+ to a pea* bran* a n>r[ pap] 7,,tanjaku7 ^u :i* he has writt5 a poem4 ,ano!r fam\s ,*9ese prose composition1 8! pea* & apricot g>d5 fe/ival10 writt5 by ,ri ,tai ,haku at ! age ( f\rte5 ye>s1 is int]pret$ by depict+ ,toba ,saku 9 a g>d5 seat$ be=e a table1 ) ?ree ,*9ese beauties att5dant ^u him1 ) celebrat$ s*ol>s & sages circulat+ mid/ ! fl[]s & blossoms4 ,five pr9cipal fe/ivals ( ! ye>1 kn[n z g sekku1 occur respectively on ! sev5? day ( ,janu>y1 ! ?ird day ( ,m>*1 ! fif? day ( ,may1 ! sev5? day ( ,july & ! n9? day ( ,septemb]--all be+ on ! odd days ( ! odd mon?s 7! ,,yo ( ,,9 ,,yo74 ,on ! ?ird day ( ! ?ird mon? is ! h9a matsuri fe/ival = "y girls1 & ! appropriate pa9t+ = ! occasion is call$ kami b9a1 mean+ pap] dolls 7,plate ,,lvii1 #e74 ,! greate/ ,japanese arti/s ( ! pa/ h vi$ to make _! treatm5t ( ?is subject sup]b4 ,:5 a female *ild is born a kami b9a pa9t+ is pres5t$ to ! family to contribute to ! fe/ivities4 ,! mon? ( ,m>* is ! mon? ( ! *]ry blossom 7sakura bana71 & ! picture on ,plate ,,lviii1 #a1 illu/rates "o me?od ( pa9t+ *]ry trees ornam5t+ ! m\nta9side ( a canyon1 ?r\gh :i* fl[s a riv]4 ,dur+ ,m>* picnic p>ties g ^u ! bea* at l[ tide to ga!r %ell-fi%4 ,! subject illu/rat$ on ,plate ,,lviii1 #b1 call$ ebb-tide 7%io hi71 is appropriate4 ,! picture ( ! maid5 ,saohime 7,plate ,,lviii1 #c7 is also pa9t$ 9 ,m>*4 ,april--,! wi/>ia fl[] 7,juji7 is associat$ ) ! f\r? mon? & all ,april l&scapes repres5t ! trees cov]$ ) mu* foliage4 ,a small bird call$ suda*i dori1 hat*$ 9 ?is mon?1 is (t5 pa9t$ on ! wi/>ia bran* 7,plate ,,lviii1 #d74 ,! picture typifies p>5tal affection1 on acc\nt ( ! kn[n solicitude ( ! "m bird = its "y4 ,may--,!re are _m subjects appropriate = ,may4 ,! iris 7%obu7 7,plate ,,lviii1 #e7 n[ makes its appe>ance4 ,its long-blad$ leaves are sword %ap$1 !re=e ! plant symbolizes ! w>rior _s 7bu%i74 ,! iris is (t5 plant$ ^u ! ro( ( a h\se to indicate t !re are male *ildr5 9 ! family4 ,! cuckoo & ! moon subject 7tsuki ni hototogisu7 7,plate ,,lviii1 #f7 is special to ?is mon?4 ,! fif? ( ,may is ! boys' fe/ival1 & ! c>p 7koi7 7,plate ,,lix1 #a7 is ! favorite subject = pa9t+4 ,may is ! ra9y mon? 9 ,japan4 ,x is relat$ t a c>p dur+ ?is mon? asc5d$ to ! top ( ! wat]fall ,,ryu ,,mon 9 ,*9a & became a dragon4 ,! c>p ?us typifies ! triumph ( p]sev]ance--! conqu]+ ( ob/acles--& symbolizes ! milit>y _s4 ,:5 ?is fi% is caught & ab\t to be cut up alive = sas%imi1 a ,japanese delicacy1 once ! c>v] has pass$ ! flat side ( ! knife blade ov] ! body ( ! fi% ! koi becomes motionless1 & ) h]oic =titude submits to be+ slic$ to ! backbone4 ,s]v$ 9 a di%1 a few drops ( soy be+ plac$ 9 its eye x leaps upw>d 9 a la/ /ruggle1 to fall ap>t 9 _m pieces4 ,:5 a male *ild is born a prop] pres5t to ! family is a c>p kakemono4 ,! fif? day ( ! fif? mon? is ! anniv]s>y ( ! great victory ( ! ,japanese ov] ,kublai ,khan1 :o1 ) an enorm\s fleet ( ,*9ese vessels1 attempt$ to invade ,japan 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,june--,9 ?is w>m mon? ! ,,gwa ,,dai or picture subject is wat]falls 7,plate ,,lix1 #b71 al?\gh x is q all[able on acc\nt ( ! heat ( summ] to sugge/ cool feel+s by pa9t+ sn[ sc5es ) cr[s 7,,set*u ni k>asu7 = a color contra/ 7,plate ,,lix1 #c74 ,all pictures pa9t$ dur+ ! mon? ( ,june %\ld sugge/ %ady1 refre%+ s5sations4 ,a *>m+ & favorite subject is wat] fl[+ ?r\gh an op5 bamboo pipe & fall+ amid luxuriant vegetation into a pool bel[1 :]e a little bird is ba?+4 ,?is picture is te*nically kn[n z kakehi 7,plate ,,lix1 #d74 ,july--,dur+ ?is mon? appropriate among fl[] subjects is t ( ! sev5 grasses ( autumn 7aki no nana kusa7 7,plate ,,lix1 #f71 consi/+ ( ! bu% clov]1 ! wild p9k1 ! morn+ glory1 et cet]a4 ,?is is mo/ difficult to pa9t on acc\nt ( ! extreme delicacy requisite 9 ! h&l+ ( ! bru%1 b a skilful arti/ c produce mo/ int]e/+ effects4 ,all sorts ( wond]fully %ap$ insects z well z birds ( brilliant plumage are p]mitt$ 9 ! picture4 ,! sev5? day ( ,july is kn[n z ! fe/ival ( ! />s1 & ,k5gyu1 ! swa91 & ,orihime1 ! maid51 are pa9t$4 ,july is a mon? devot$ to ,buddhi/ c]emonies4 ,sa9ts1 sages1 ! five hundr$ rakkan disciples ( ,%aka & ! sixte5 rakkans are pa9t$4 ,!re are two o!r subjects appropriate1 kn[n z ,tanabata 7,plate ,,lix1 #e7 & ,nazunau*i 7,plate ,,lxiv1 #d74 ,augu/--,! fir/ gra9 ( ! ye> is n[ (f]$ to ! gods4 ,a *>m+ way ( commemorat+ ?is is by ! pa9t+ call$ /ack$ rice & sp>r[s 7inamura ni suzume7 7,plate ,,lx1 #a74 ,! rabbit & ! moon1 call$ tsuki ni usagi 7,plate ,,lx1 #b71 because ! rabbit is se5 9 ! moon mak+ rice cakes1 & ! picture kn[n z meggetsu 7,plate ,,lx1 #c7 also commemorate ! (f]+ ( ! products ( ! soil to ! moon div9ity4 ,z mi/ ab\nds dur+ ,augu/1 l&scapes half conceal$ 9 mi/ are pa9t$4 ,! ,kano arti/1 ,tanyu1 lean$ mu* to su* sc5es1 :i* sugge/ ! tranquility ( ev5tide4 ,su* subjects are kn[n z mi/ %[]s 7ugiri7 7,plate ,,lx1 #d74 ,! ,japanese h _! woman 9 ! moon1 nam$ ,joga4 ,?is lovely creature hav+ procur$ & drunk ( ! ambrosia ( h]mits 7s5n97 is said to h ent]$ t planet4 ,! picture is an engag+ "o 7,plate ,,lx1 #f71 ! upp] portion ( ,joga's body be+ 9 ! moon's disc & ! l[] portion 9 fleecy cl\ds4 ,septemb]--,! n9? day ( ! n9? mon? is ! fe/ival ( ! *rysan!mum 7,,kiku ,,no ,,sekku71 :5 sake made f ! *rysan!mum is drunk4 ,kiku ,jido1 a c\rt y\?1 hav+ inadv]t5tly t\*$ ) 8 foot ! pill[ ( ! emp]or1 0 bani%$ to a di/ant isle :]e1 x is said1 he 0 n\ri%$ by ! dew ( ! *rysan!mum :i* ab\nd$ !re4 ,becom+ a h]mit1 he liv$ "o ?\s& ye>s4 ,seasonal pictures = ?is mon? commemorate ?is ev5t1 or reproduce ! yell[ & :ite *rysan!mum4 7,plate ,,lxi1 #a74 ,appropriate = ,septemb] are wat] grasses & ! dragon-fly 7mizukusa ni tombo7 7,plate ,,lxi1 #e74 ,tatsuta hime 7,plate ,,lxi1 #b7 is also pa9t$4 ,%e is ! autumn div9ity1 associat$ ) ! brilliant1 w>m & respl5d5t colors ( ! autumn season1 & is always repres5t$ 9 gorge\s hues4 ,pictures ( ! de] & ! e>ly maples 7hatsu momiji ni %ika7 7,plate ,,lxi1 #c7 are n[ appropriate4 ,a favorite autumn picture is call$ ,k9uta u*i1 or ! beat+1 on a block1 ( homespun cotton to give x lu/re4 ,a poor peasant woman & h] *ild are bo? occupi$ at ! task "u ! rays ( ! full moon 7,plate ,,lxiv1 #d74 ,! s\nd ( ! bl[s on ! block is said to sugge/ sad feel+s4 ,x is a law = pa9t+ su* moonlight sc5es t no r$ color be introduc$1 z r$ does n %[ 9 ! moonlight 7,,gekka no ,,ko ,,%oku na%i74 ,fujiyama f ,tago no ,ura1 by ,yamamoto ,baietsu4 ,plate ,,viii4 ,fujiyama f ,tago no ,ura1 by ,yamamoto ,baietsu4 ,plate ,,viii4 ,octob]--,9 ?is mon? geese com+ f ! cold regions & cross+ at night ! face ( ! moon are a favorite subject1 kn[n z tsuki ni ,,gan 7,plate ,,lxi1 #d74 ,o!r subjects are 8autumn fruits0 7aki no mi7 7,plate ,,lxi1 #e71 *e/nuts1 p]simmons1 grapes & mu%rooms2 monkeys & p]simmons 7s>u ni kaki7 7,plate ,,lxi1 #f72 squirrel & grapes 7,,risu ni ,,budo7 7,plate ,,lxii1 #a72 & ! ev]gre5 p9e 7kay5u matsu71 sugge/+ con/ancy 7,plate ,,lxii1 #b7 ,novemb]--,a mon? sacr$ to ,evesco1 "o ( ! jovial gods ( good luck 7,plate ,,lxii1 #c74 ,he 0 ! fir/ trad]1 8 /ock be+ ! ,,tai fi%4 ,he is ! favorite god ( ! m]*ants :o1 dur+ ?is mon?1 celebrate 8 fe/ival4 ,evesama is usually repres5t$ return+ f fi%+ ) a ,,tai "u 8 arm4 ,! ,kano arti/s p>ticul>ly favor$ ?is subject4 ,ano!r *>m+ picture1 kn[n z 8! la/ ( ! *rysan!mums0 7,,zan ,,kiku7 7,plate ,,lxii1 #d71 sugge/s ! approa*+ close ( ! ye>4 ,! classic way to repres5t ?is subject is ) small1 yell[ *rysan!mums cl++ to a /raggl+ bamboo f5ce1 ) a few ( _! leaves :i* h begun to turn crimson4 ,ano!r ,novemb] picture is 8! fir/ sn[0 7hatsu yuki7 7,plate ,,lxii1 #e74 ,two puppies are frollick+ 9 ! sn[1 :i* is fall+ = ! fir/ "t4 ,x is said t no animal rejoices l ! dog :5 x sees ! fir/ sn[fall ( w9t]4 ,sn[1 says a prov]b1 is ! dog's gr&mo!r 7yuki wa inu no obasan74 ,okyo & ,hokusai frequ5tly pa9t$ ?is subject4 ,hatsu yuki is sometimes repres5t$ by a little sn[ ^u ! p9e tree or ! bamboo 9 a l&scape4 ,?is produces a v lonely 7samu%ii7 sc5e4 ,! ,kyoto arti/s are extremely fond ( pa9t+ 9 ! mon? ( ,novemb] ! subject ( a peasant girl desc5d+ f ! m\nta9 village ( ,oh>a c>ry+ ^u h] head a bundle ( firewood twigs1 into :i* %e has coquetti%ly ins]t$ a bran* ( r$ maple leaves4 ,?is picture is call$ ,oh>ame 7,plate ,,lxii1 #f74 ,l&scapes repres5t+ fitful ra9 %[]s are appropriate = ,novemb] & are call$ %igure4 ,?is is ! mon? = ! o%i dori 7,plate ,,lxiii1 #a74 ,^! m&>9 ducks1 male & female1 on acc\nt ( ! contra/ 9 _! %ape & plumage1 make a v /rik+ & favorite picture4 ,_! devotion to ea* o!r is s great t !y die if sep>at$4 ,h5ce1 su* pa9t+s n only symbolize conjugal fidelity b are also appropriate z w$d+ pres5ts4 ,!re are two o!r k9ds ( birds pa9t$ 9 ,novemb]3 ,! bea* birds1 kn[n z *i dori 7,plate ,,lxiii1 #b71 & ! wild duck fly+ ov] ! m>% grasses 7kamo ni a%i7 7,plate ,,lxiii1 #c74 ,okyo & ! arti/s ( 8 s*ool excel 9 _! vivid treatm5t ( ^! la/ ?ree subjects4 ,decemb]--,! cold wea!r *rysan!mum 7,,kan ,,kiku71 ! n>cissus or h]mit ( ! /ream 7,,sui ,,s571 & ! sn[ %elt] ( rice /raw 7yuki kakoi7 7,plate ,,lxiii1 #d7 are ?ree favorites = ,decemb]4 ,9 ?is latt] lovely subject ! :ite *rysan!mums are huddl+ bel[ ! protect+ sn[ %elt] ( rice /raw1 "o or two ( ! fl[]s peep+ out1 _! leaves be+ r$di% on ! rim & light gre5 )94 ,! n>cissus is mu* pa9t$ dur+ ,decemb]4 ,!re are _m ways & laws = pa9t+ ?is fl[]4 ,ano!r w9t] subject is call$ joji ,,bai1 consi/+ ( ! plum tree ) sn[ on ! bran*es & small birds p]*$ !reon4 ,kyoto arti/s mu* favor x4 ,decemb] l&scapes are all sn[ sc5es 7yuki no ,,san ,,sui7 7,plate ,,lxiii1 #e7 & c\ntless are ! ways 9 :i* !y are treat$4 ,ano!r subject is nukume dori--a falcon p]*$ ^u a tree cov]$ ) sn[1 hold+ 9 its claws a little bird 7,plate ,,lxiv1 #c74 ,! falcon does n te> its victim to pieces b simply uses x to w>m its own feet2 ?is accompli%$1 x lets its prison] escape & dur+ tw5ty-f\r h\rs refra9s f fly+ 9 ! direction ! little bird has fl$4 ,noblesse oblige4 ,! sn[ man or sn[ d>uma 7yuki d>uma7 7,plate ,,lxiii1 #f7 is pa9t$ ?is mon? by arti/s ( all ! s*ools4 ,! f\r seasons 7,,%i ,,ki7 =m a s]ies susceptible ( ! mo/ v>i$ & engag+ treatm5t & pres5tation4 ,! seasons are sometimes symboliz$ by fl[]s1 occasionally by birds1 aga9 by ! products ( ! e>?1 & (t5 by l&scapes4 ,sometimes human figures are us$ = ! purpose4 ,9 spr+ 7h>u7 a "y daught] 7musume7 may be repres5t$ look+ at ! *]ry blossoms 7,plate ,,lxv1 #a72 9 summ] 7natsu7 %e w be cross+ a bridge or enjoy+ ! cool ( ! riv]side 7,plate ,,lxv1 #b72 9 autumn 7aki7 %e is se5 9 ! fields1 probably ga!r+ mu%rooms 7,plate ,,lxv1 #c71 & 9 w9t] 7fuyu7 %e w be seat$ indoors play+ a musical in/rum5t 7,plate ,,lxv1 #d74 ,:ile ! o!r kakemono is always to be *ang$ 9 ! tokonoma or alcove accord+ to ! seasons1 c]emonies or fe/ivals1 !re are c]ta9 pictures appropriate to any season1 e4 g41 rocks & waves 7iwa ni nami72 p9e & bamboo 7matsu take72 or ! ,okyo d\ble subject call$ %ikuzu ni fuku tsui 7p5dant pa9t+s73 ,! end ( spr+1 a cr[ & ! plum tree 7,plate ,,lxiv1 #a72 ! end ( autumn1 ! bird hyo dori & ! p]simmon tree 7,plate ,,lxiv1 #b74 ,! reason is t all su* subjects are 9 h>mony ) conditions ! ye> r\nd4 ,hi/orical subjects 7,,reki%i ,,gwa ,,dai7 suitable = ,japanese pa9t+ are extremely num]\s subjects & are divid$ into categories correspond+ to ! foll[+ p]iods3 ,! ,n>a1 ! ,heian or ,kyoto1 ! ,kamakura ,yoritomo %ogunate1 ! ,higa%iyama %ogunate1 ! ,yo%imasa %ogunate1 ! ,momoyama or ,taiko ,hideyo%i1 & ! ,tokugawa ,iyeyasu %ogunate br\ght d[n to ! pres5t ,meiji p]iod4 ,^! ) _! num]\s subdivisions supply an inf9ite numb] ( subjects = pictorial treatm5t4 ,special favorites are 8,b5kei & ,yo%itsune at ! ,g ,jo bridge10 or 8pass+ ?r\gh ! ,hakone b>ri]10 & 8,kusanoki ,masa%ige at ,m9atogawa40 ,:5 ,%aka 0 born he /ood erect1 ) "o ,buddhi/ h& po9t+ upw>d & ! o!r d[nw>d & exclaim$3 8,behold1 betwe5 heav5 & e>? ,i am ! mo/ preci\s creation40 ,8 bir?day is ! subject ( ! picture 7,plate ,,lxvi1 #c7 call$ ,,kan ,,butsu ,,ye4 ,x repres5ts ! ,buddha z a bronze /atue erect 9 a tub ( sweet liquid4 ,?is ! fai?ful wor%ipp]s p\r ov] 8 head & subsequ5tly dr9k = good luck4 ,%aka's dea? is commemorat$ 9 ! picture call$ ,,nehan1 nirvana4 ,! "l1 ,buddha1 is /ret*$ ^u a bi] tranquilly dy+1 an angelic smile light+ 8 c\nt5ance1 :ile ar\nd are ga!r$ 8 disciples1 ,rakkan & ,bosatsu1 & ! diff]5t animals ( creation1 all weep+4 ,a rat hav+ gone to call ,mayabun91 "m ( ,buddha1 has be5 p\nc$ ^u by a cat & torn to pieces4 ,= ?is reason 9 pa9t+s ( ?is mov+ sc5e ( ,%aka's dea? no cat is to be f\nd among ! m\rn+ animals4 ,! arti/ ,*o ,d5su1 h[ev]1 9 8 great pa9t+ ( ,,nehan 7/ill pres]v$ 9 ! ,temple ,to ,fuku ,ji at ,kyoto7 introduces ! portrait ( a cat4 ,x is relat$ t1 :ile ,*o ,d5su 0 pa9t+1 ! cat came daily to 8 side & cont9ually mew+ & express+ its grief1 w\ld n leave him4 ,f9ally ,*o ,d5su1 out ( pity1 pa9t$ ! cat into ! picture & !reupon ! animal out ( joy fell ov] dead4 ,! lotus 7hasu7 symbolizes ! he>t ( a sa9t 7hotoke74 ,x rises unt>ni%$ out ( ! mud ( ! pond1 nor c x be /a9$ by any impurity1 ! leaves always %$d+ :atev] may fall ^u !m4 ,x is pa9t$ usually z a religi\s subject4 ,! pr9cipal matsuri or ,%9to fe/ivals occur at diff]5t seasons ( ! ye> 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! empire4 ,! summ] mon?s1 h[ev]1 claim mo/ ( !m4 ,! ,kamo no aoi matsuri takes place at ,kyoto & consi/s ( a procession1 a ,,no dance & a horse race4 ,! picture appropriate = ?is fe/ival is 8! ,kamo race c\rse0 7,kamo no kei ba74 ,! matsuri at ,nikko is a great procession1 ) ?ree miko%i or %r9es c>ri$ on ! %\ld]s ( multitudes ( m54 ,!re are ?ree ,nikko matsuri connect$ ) ! ,tokugawa %ogunate4 ,in>i1 be+ ! god ( agriculture 7ine1 rice71 ! picture ( a fox 7,plate ,,lxvi1 #d71 t god's mess5g]1 is appropriate4 ,ano!r fe/ival1 ! ,,gyon matsuri1 ( ,kyoto1 is celebrat$ ) a great procession 9 :i* ent] all sorts ( amus+ floats & e k9d ( amus+ practice4 ,^! are v>i\sly reproduc$ 9 commemorative pa9t+s4 ,i w only ref] 9 pass+ to ! _m subjects suppli$ by ! beautiful poetry 7,,hokku & uta7 & celebrat$ romances 7monogat>i7 ( ,japan4 ,en\gh has be5 said to %[ t ! ,japanese arti/ has an unlimit$ range ( classic subjects f :i* to select4 ,o!r subjects unassociat$ ) any special "t ( ! ye> repres5t1 e4g41 v>i\s ut5sils ( ! tea c]emony 7*a no yu7 7,plate ,,lxvi1 #a7 :5 ma*a1 a ?ick5$ tea1 is us$4 ,! tea c]emony 7,plate ,,ii7 is p]=m$ 9 a small room fitt$ ) f\r & a half mats4 ,7 ! mats only f\r 7,,%i7 9 numb] !y w\ld sugge/ dea? 7%i74 ,fur!rmore1 an ev5 numb] be+ consid]$ negative 7,,97 is n favor$4 ,mats are ?ree by six feet 9 size & mu/ always be s laid z n to =m crosses1 :i* are unlucky4 ,9 ! alcove ( ?is room no kakemono is p]mitt$ b "o 9 ! pure ,japanese /yle4 ,! subject ( ! pa9t+ w dep5d ^u ! season1 :ile all r$ colors are proscrib$ & sumi pictures ( ! ,kano s*ool are mo/ appropriate4 ,! treatm5t mu/ be simple 7,,tan ,,paku72 = in/ance1 a s+le fl[] spray1 a bran* ( ! plum1 a h]mit1 or a solit>y m\nta9 peak4 ,9 ! c]emony ( ,,s5 ,,*a 7,plate ,,lxvi1 #b71 :i* is ! ,*9ese way ( mak+ tea1 ^! /rict rules ( *a no yu are relax$4 ,! wat]-f[l design1 call$ midsu tori4 ,,*apt] ,,sev54 ,,signatures ,,& ,,seals ,!re are _m books ^u ! subject ( sign+ & au!nticat+ a pa9t+4 ,two well-kn[n works are 8,,gwa ,,jo ,,yo ,,ryaku0 & 8,,dai ,,ga ,,%i ,,san40 ,9 ,*9a lit]>y m5 (t5 add descriptive matt] to _! pa9t+s1 writ+ prom95tly !reon3 8,9 a dream la/ night ,i witness$ ! sc5e ,i "h attempt to reproduce10 or 8,on a boat+ excursion we saw ?is p9e tree %ad+ ! banks ( ! riv]40 ,su* additions to ! picture enable ! arti/ to exhibit 8 skill z an exp]t writ] & are consid]$ to height5 ! g5]al effect4 ,(t5 orig9al poetry takes ! place ( prose4 ,! ye>1 mon? & day w be add$1 foll[$ by ! signature ( ! writ]1 ) "s self-depreciatory t]m1 su* z 8fi%]man ( ! ,nor? ,sea10 8m\nta9 wood-*opp]0 or 8h]mit dwell+ amid ! cl\ds & rocks40 ,su* signature1 ) "o or m seals scatt]$ ov] ! face ( ! "w1 is 9 art call$ ,,rakkwan1 signify+ 8complet$40 ,9 ,japan a some:at diff]5t way ( sign+ prevails4 ,! arti/'s signature ) 8 seal "u x is app5d$ to ! pa9t+1 n 9 a conspicu\s b 9 ! lea/ prom95t "p ( x4 ,pa9t]s ( ! ,tosa1 ,fujiw>a1 ,sumiyo%i & ,kasuga s*ools 9 sign+ _! "w fir/ wrote above _! signatures _! (fice & rank1 e4 g41 ,unemi no ,kami or ,%ikibu ,gondai no ,kami 9 ! squ>e or r\nd ,*9ese *>act]s4 ,! ,kano arti/s sign$ _! names 9 r\nd *>act]s 7,,gyo ,,%o7 & did n add _! secul> rank or (fice b wrote be=e _! signatures _! ,buddhi/ titles2 ?us1 ,,hogan ,motonobu1 ,,ho ,,kyo ,naganobu1 ,,ho9 ,tsun5obu4 ,9 ! ,m>uyama p]iod all titles & rank 7 omitt$ & simply ! "n 7namae7 or ! nom de plume 7,,g7 0 writt51--?us1 ,okyo1 ,go%un1 ,tessan1 ,bun ,*o--/rict att5tion be+ paid1 h[ev]1 to execut+ ! ,*9ese *>act]s = su* signatures 9 bo? an arti/ic & /rik+ly attractive way1 :e!r writt5 9 "o or ano!r ( ! ?ree usual =ms te*nically call$ ,,%91 ,,s1 ,,gyo4 ,! date1 ,,n5 ,,g1 prec$+ ! signature ^u a pa9t+ is (t5 indicat$ by ! use ( "o ( ! twelve hor>y *>act]s 7,,ju ,,ni ,,%i7 along ) "o ( ! t5 cal5d> signs 7,,ju ,,ran74 ,^!1 9 ord]ly arrangem5t1 compreh5d a cycle ( sixty ye>s2 9 o!r words1 !y are nev] unit$ ! same way or co9cide b once dur+ t p]iod4 ,no arti/ "u sixty %\ld1 9 sign+ 8 "w1 allude to 8 age1 mu* less /ate 8 ye>s4 ,= him to be able to write sev5ty-sev5 be=e 8 "n is mo/ auspici\s--"o way ( writ+ kotobuki1 ! luckie/ ^w 9 ,japanese1 be+ to employ two sev5s :i*1 ?us comp\nd$1 is said to be ! ,,s ,,%o "* = t ^w4 ,v "y p]sons are p]mitt$ 9 sign+ _! pa9t+s or writ+s to add _! exact ages up to ?irte54 ,:]e ,*9ese lit]>y arti/s add poems to _! pa9t+s z _m z eight seals may be obs]v$ !reon4 ,9 ,japanese pa9t+s nev] m ?an two seals are us$ & ^! foll[ & au!nticate ! signature4 ,! correct di/ance at :i* a kakemono is to be view$ is ! wid? ( a mat 7tatami7 f ! alcove :]e ! picture is hung4 ,x is bad =m to look at x /&+4 ,be=e critically exam9+ ! "w a ,japanese w scrut9ize ! arti/'s signature & seal4 ,x is a c>d9al rule 9 ,japan t ! signature be affix$ s z n to int]f]e ) ! s*eme ( ! picture or attract ! eye4 ,if ! picture looks to ! "r ! signature & seal %\ld be plac$ on ! left1 & vice v]sa2 if ! pr9cipal int]e/ is 9 ! upp] "p ( a picture ^! %\ld be plac$ l[] d[n1 & vice v]sa4 ,z e pa9t+ has its division into ,,9 & ,,yo ! ,,rakkwan is plac$ 9 ,,94 ,"s arti/s p>tially cov] _! signatures ) _! seal impression4 ,lady arti/s add to _! signatures ! "* ,,jo1 mean+ woman4 ,vet]an pa9t]s w sometimes write be=e _! signatures ! "* = old man 7ok9a74 ,! arti/'s seal is (t5 a "w ( art & 8 family "n 7,,myoji7 or 8 arti/ "n 7,,g7 is usually engrav$ !reon ) ! ,*9ese seal *>act]s call$ ,,t5 ,,%o4 ,:]e two seals are affix$ bel[ ! signature "o may conta9 a classic aphorism1 l ,,tai ,,bi ,,fu ,,g5 7! truly beautiful is indescribable7 or ,,*u ,,yo 7keep ! middle pa?74 ,be=e seals 7 us$ writ+s 7 au!nticat$ by scrolls call$ kaki ,,han4 ,ev5 n[ su* scrolls are us$4 ,! pr9ciples on :i* !y are %ap$ are d]iv$ f a/rological lore 7,,eki74 ,seal engrav]s des]v$ly enjoy r5[n = le>n+ & skill4 ,to c>ve a seal is ! recogniz$ accompli%m5t ( a g5tleman1 & ! mo/ fam\s liv+ seal engrav] 9 ,japan is an amateur4 ,seals are ( jade1 rock cry/al1 preci\s woods1 ,=mosa bamboo root1 gold1 silv] or ivory4 ,! be/ h>d /one = seals comes f ,*9a & is kn[n z ! cock's comb 7,,kei ,,ketsu ,,seki74 ,an arti/ dur+ 8 c>e] w collect numb]s ( valuable seals = 8 own use4 ,^! at 8 dea? may be giv5 to favorite pupils or kept z h\se treasures4 ,bairei left in/ructions to h _m ( 8 seals de/roy$4 ,! seal pa/e 7,,niku7 is made ( ,diana we$ 7mogusa7 dri$ = ?ree ye>s1 or ( a plant call$ yomogi1 or ) s(t1 f9ely *opp$ rabbit hair boil$ 9 ca/or oil = "o hundr$ h\rs ) :ite wax & !n color$ r$1 br[n1 blue or tea color4 ,! seal %\ld be c>efully wip$ aft] x is us$1 o!rwise ?is pa/e h>d5s ^u x4 ,japanese pa9t+s are seldom fram$1 z frames take too mu* room4 ,frames are us$ *iefly = ,*9ese writ+s1 hung high 9 public places or ab\t ! dwell+1 & are call$ ,,gaku1 mean+ 8=ehead10 9 allusion to rais+ ! head to read :at ! frame conta9s4 ,x is etiquette t su* fram$ writ+s be sign$ ) ! real "n r ?an ! nom de plume4 ,two k9ds ( seals are affix$ to ! frame3 ,"o1 on ! "r1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! writ+1 & call$ ,,yu ,,91 conta9+ "s precept or maxim2 & "o or two1 on ! left1 aft] ! signature1 be>+ ! arti/'s "n & any o!r appropriate designation4 ,all writ+s 9 ,*9ese or ,japanese read f "r to left1 & frequ5tly are ! sole ornam5t ( a pair ( scre5s4 ,= ! guidance ( exp]ts :o pass on ! g5u95ess ( ,japanese pa9t+s !re is a well-kn[n publication1 8,,gwa ,,ka ,,rakkwan ,,9 ,,%910 by ,kano ,ju%91 :i* conta9s reproductions 9 fac simile ( ! signatures & seals ( all ! celebrat$ arti/s ( ! remote & rec5t pa/4 ,9 conclud+ ?is "w1 :i* ,i am consci\s is b an imp]fect survey ( a va/ & intricate subject1 ,i w\ld call att5tion to ! fact t 9 bo? ,europe & ,am]ica !re is a wond]ful awak5+ to ! dignity1 simplicity & beauty ( ,japanese art4 ,?is is l>gely to be attribut$ to ! c>eful & s*ol>ly writ+s & publications ( ,messrs4 ,&]son1 ,b9yon1 ,morrison & ,/range 9 ,engl&1 ,f5ollosa 9 ! ,unit$ /ates1 ,de,goncourt1 ,gonse & ,b+ 9 ,france1 ,seidlitz 9 ,g]many1 & ,br9kley & ,okakura 9 ,japan2 & all /ud5ts ( art mu/ r5d] to !m ! homage ( _! s9c]e admiration4 ,! object ( all art1 z ,cic]o has truly said1 is to s(t5 ! mann]s1 by tra9+ ! he>t & m9d to "r ?\ghts & wor?y s5tim5ts4 ,to su* end no?+ w m surely contribute ?an a fai?ful /udy ( ! pa9t+ art ( ,japan1 & ! fur!r we inve/igate & appreciate its pr9ciples ! m we w multiply ^? h\rs :i* ! sun-dial regi/]s1--! s]5e & *e]ful mom5ts ( exi/5ce4 ,,explanation ,,( ,,head-,,b&s ,,design ,,( ,,title ,,page4 ,butt]flies & birds1 kn[n z *o tori4 ,,*apt] ,,"o4 ,! fl[] & leaves ( ! peony 7,,botan71 z conv5tionaliz$ on anci5t armor 7yoroi74 ,,*apt] ,,two4 ,fan-%ap$ leaves ( ! i*o or ,,g9 ,,nan 7,salisburiana71 plac$ 9 books 9 ,*9a & ,japan to prev5t ! ravages ( ! bookworm4 ,,*apt] ,,?ree4 ,! design call$ 8,dew on ! ,grass & ,butt]flies0 7tsuyu1 kusa ni *o74 ,,*apt] ,,f\r4 ,! patt]n 7moyo7 kn[n z bamboo & ! swell+ sp>r[ 7take nifukura susume74 ,! p>ts ( ! bird are amus+ly conv5tionaliz$--9 ! ,kor9 mann]4 ,! ^w ,,fukura writt5 9 ,*9ese conta9s ! lucky "* ,,fuku 7happ9ess74 ,,*apt] ,,five4 ,maple leaves are associat$ ) ,t5 ,j9 7,sugiw>a ,mi*izane71 patron ( le>n+4 ,*ildr5 9 invok+ 8 aid 9 a little pray] c\nt ! po9ts ( ! maple leaf1 say+1 8yoku te ag>u0--assi/ u to be clev]4 ,9 ,japanese ! maple leaf is call$ kaide1 mean+ frog's h&4 ,,*apt] ,,six4 ,! *rysan!mum patt]n4 ,,*apt] ,,sev54 ,! wat]-f[l design1 call$ midsu tori4 ,,plates ,,explanatory ,,( ,,! ,,=ego+ ,,text ,,on ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,japanese ,,pa9t+ ,! ,eight ,ways ( ,pa9t+ 9 ,color1 ,call$ ! ,laws ( ,color+ 7#c7 ,mo/ ,c>eful ,me?od ( ,lay+ on ,color4 ,plate ,,viiii4 ,mo/ ,c>eful ,me?od ( ,lay+ on ,color4 ,plate ,,viiii4 ,! ,next ,be/ ,me?od4 ,plate ,x4 ,! ,next ,be/ ,me?od4 ,plate ,x4 ,! ,light ,wat]-,color ,me?od4 ,plate ,,xi4 ,! ,light ,wat]-,color ,me?od4 ,plate ,,xi4 ,color ,) ,outl9es ,suppress$4 ,plate ,,xii4 ,color ,) ,outl9es ,suppress$4 ,plate ,,xii4 ,color ,ov] ,l9es4 ,plate ,,xiii4 ,color ,ov] ,l9es4 ,plate ,,xiii4 ,light ,r$di%-,br[n ,me?od4 ,plate ,,xiv4 ,light ,r$di%-,br[n ,me?od4 ,plate ,,xiv4 ,! ,:ite ,patt]n4 ,plate ,,xv4 ,! ,:ite ,patt]n4 ,plate ,,xv4 ,! ,black or ,sumi ,me?od4 ,plate ,,xvi4 ,! ,black or ,sumi ,me?od4 ,plate ,,xvi4 ,l&scapes1 ,birds1 ,trees & ,/reams ,! ,rule ( ,proportion 9 ,l&scapes4 ,plate ,,xvii4 ,! ,rule ( ,proportion 9 ,l&scapes4 ,plate ,,xvii4 ,heav51 ,e>?1 ,man4 ,plate ,,xviii4 ,heav51 ,e>?1 ,man4 ,plate ,,xviii4 ,p9e ,tree ,bran*es4 ,plate ,,xix4 ,p9e ,tree ,bran*es4 ,plate ,,xix4 ,w9d+ ,/reams4 ,plate ,,xx4 ,w9d+ ,/reams4 ,plate ,,xx4 ,a ,tree & ,its ,p>ts4 ,plate ,,xxi4 ,a ,tree & ,its ,p>ts4 ,plate ,,xxi4 ,bird & ,its ,subdivisions4 ,plate ,,xxii4 ,bird & ,its ,subdivisions4 ,plate ,,xxii4 ,laws ( ,l$ges ,peel$ ,hemp-,b>k ,me?od = ,rocks & ,l$ges 7a7 ,! ,axe /rokes 7b74 ,plate ,,xxiii4 ,peel$ ,hemp-,b>k ,me?od = ,rocks & ,l$ges 7a7 ,! ,axe /rokes 7b74 ,plate ,,xxiii4 ,l9es or ,ve9s ( ,lotus ,leaf 7a74 ,alum ,cry/als 7b74 ,plate ,,xxiv4 ,l9es or ,ve9s ( ,lotus ,leaf 7a74 ,alum ,cry/als 7b74 ,plate ,,xxiv4 ,loose ,rice ,leaves 7a74 ,)]$ ,k9dl+ ,twigs 7b74 ,plate ,,xxv4 ,loose ,rice ,leaves 7a74 ,)]$ ,k9dl+ ,twigs 7b74 ,plate ,,xxv4 ,scatt]$ ,hemp ,leaves 7a74 ,wr9kles on ! ,c['s ,neck 7b74 ,plate ,,xxvi4 ,scatt]$ ,hemp ,leaves 7a74 ,wr9kles on ! ,c['s ,neck 7b74 ,plate ,,xxvi4 ,laws ( ,trees & ,rocks ,! ,circle 7#a74 ,semi-,circle 7#b74 ,fi% ,scales 7#c74 ,mov+ ,fi% ,scales 7#d74 ,plate ,,xxvii4 ,! ,circle 7#a74 ,semi-,circle 7#b74 ,fi% ,scales 7#c74 ,mov+ ,fi% ,scales 7#d74 ,plate ,,xxvii4 ,!ory ( ,tree ,gr[? 7#a74 ,practical ,application 7#b74 ,grass ,gr[? 9 ,!ory 7#c74 ,9 ,practice 7#d74 ,plate ,,xxviii4 ,!ory ( ,tree ,gr[? 7#a74 ,practical ,application 7#b74 ,grass ,gr[? 9 ,!ory 7#c74 ,9 ,practice 7#d74 ,plate ,,xxviii4 ,skeleton ( a ,=e/ ,tree 7#a7 ,same ,develop$ 7#b74 ,tree ,complet$ 9 /ructure 7#c74 ,plate ,,xxix4 ,skeleton ( a ,=e/ ,tree 7#a7 ,same ,develop$ 7#b74 ,tree ,complet$ 9 /ructure 7#c74 ,plate ,,xxix4 ,p]p5dicul> ,l9es = ,rocks 7#a74 ,horizontal ,l9es = ,rocks 7#b74 ,rock ,con/ruction z ,practic$ 9 ,art 7#c & #d74 ,plate ,,xxx4 ,p]p5dicul> ,l9es = ,rocks 7#a74 ,horizontal ,l9es = ,rocks 7#b74 ,rock ,con/ruction z ,practic$ 9 ,art 7#c & #d74 ,plate ,,xxx4 ,diff]5t ,ways ( ,pa9t+ ,rocks & ,l$ges4 ,plate ,,xxxi4 ,diff]5t ,ways ( ,pa9t+ ,rocks & ,l$ges4 ,plate ,,xxxi4 ,laws ( ,dots ,wi/>ia ,dot 7a74 ,*rysan!mum ,dot 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxii4 ,wi/>ia ,dot 7a74 ,*rysan!mum ,dot 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxii4 ,:eel-,spoke ,dot 7a74 ,,kai ,,ji ,dot 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxiii4 ,:eel-,spoke ,dot 7a74 ,,kai ,,ji ,dot 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxiii4 ,pepp]-,se$ ,dot 7a74 ,m\se-,footpr9t ,dot 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxiv4 ,pepp]-,se$ ,dot 7a74 ,m\se-,footpr9t ,dot 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxiv4 ,s]rat$ ,dot 7a74 ,,i*i ,,ji dot 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxv4 ,s]rat$ ,dot 7a74 ,,i*i ,,ji dot 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxv4 ,he>t ,dot 7a74 ,,hitsu ,,ji ,dot 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxvi4 ,he>t ,dot 7a74 ,,hitsu ,,ji ,dot 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxvi4 ,rice ,dot 7a74 ,,haku ,,yo ,dot 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxvii4 ,rice ,dot 7a74 ,,haku ,,yo ,dot 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxvii4 ,laws ( ,waves & ,mov+ ,wat]s ,waves 7a74 ,diff]5t ,k9ds ( ,mov+ ,wat]s 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxviii4 ,waves 7a74 ,diff]5t ,k9ds ( ,mov+ ,wat]s 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxviii4 ,sea ,waves 7a74 ,brook ,waves 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxix4 ,sea ,waves 7a74 ,brook ,waves 7b74 ,plate ,,xxxix4 ,/orm ,waves4 ,plate ,,xl4 ,/orm ,waves4 ,plate ,,xl4 ,laws ( ,l9es ( ! ,g>m5t ,silk-,?read ,l9e 7upp]74 ,koto /r+ ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xli4 ,silk-,?read ,l9e 7upp]74 ,koto /r+ ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xli4 ,cl\ds1 ,wat] ,l9es 7upp]74 ,iron-,wire ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xlii4 ,cl\ds1 ,wat] ,l9es 7upp]74 ,iron-,wire ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xlii4 ,nail-,head1 ,rat-,tail ,l9e 7upp]74 ,tsubone ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xliii4 ,nail-,head1 ,rat-,tail ,l9e 7upp]74 ,tsubone ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xliii4 ,will[-,leaf ,l9e 7upp]74 ,angle-,worm ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xliv4 ,will[-,leaf ,l9e 7upp]74 ,angle-,worm ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xliv4 ,ru/y-,nail & ,old-,po/ ,l9e 7upp]74 ,date-,se$ ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xlv4 ,ru/y-,nail & ,old-,po/ ,l9e 7upp]74 ,date-,se$ ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xlv4 ,brok5-,re$ ,l9e 7upp]74 ,gn>l$-,knot ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xlvi4 ,brok5-,re$ ,l9e 7upp]74 ,gn>l$-,knot ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xlvi4 ,:irl+-,wat] ,l9e 7upp]74 ,suppression ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xlvii4 ,:irl+-,wat] ,l9e 7upp]74 ,suppression ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xlvii4 ,dry-,twig ,l9e 7upp]74 ,or*id-,leaf ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xlviii4 ,dry-,twig ,l9e 7upp]74 ,or*id-,leaf ,l9e 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xlviii4 ,bamboo-,leaf ,l9e 7upp]74 ,mix$ /yle 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xlix4 ,bamboo-,leaf ,l9e 7upp]74 ,mix$ /yle 7l[]74 ,plate ,,xlix4 ,laws ( ! ,f\r ,p>agons ,! ,plum ,tree & ,blossom4 ,plate ,l4 ,! ,plum ,tree & ,blossom4 ,plate ,l4 ,! ,*rysan!mum ,fl[] & ,leaves4 ,plate ,,li4 ,! ,*rysan!mum ,fl[] & ,leaves4 ,plate ,,li4 ,! ,or*id ,plant & ,fl[]4 ,plate ,,lii4 ,! ,or*id ,plant & ,fl[]4 ,plate ,,lii4 ,! ,bamboo ,plant & ,leaves4 ,plate ,,liii4 ,! ,bamboo ,plant & ,leaves4 ,plate ,,liii4 ,pa9t+ ,subjects ,sunrise ,ov] ! ,ocean 7#a74 ,horai ,san 7#b74 ,sun1 /orks & ,tortoise 7#c1 #d1 #e74 ,plate ,,liv4 ,sunrise ,ov] ! ,ocean 7#a74 ,horai ,san 7#b74 ,sun1 /orks & ,tortoise 7#c1 #d1 #e74 ,plate ,,liv4 ,fuku ,roku ,ju 7#a74 ,! ,p9e ,tree 7#b74 ,bamboo & ,plum 7#c74 ,kado ,matsu & ,%im5awa 7#d74 ,rice ,cakes 7#e74 ,plate ,,lv4 ,fuku ,roku ,ju 7#a74 ,! ,p9e ,tree 7#b74 ,bamboo & ,plum 7#c74 ,kado ,matsu & ,%im5awa 7#d74 ,rice ,cakes 7#e74 ,plate ,,lv4 ,sun & ,waves 7#a74 ,rice ,gra9s7#b74 ,cotton ,plant 7#c74 ,battl$oor 7#d74 ,treasure ,%ip 7#e74 ,plate ,,lvi4 ,sun & ,waves 7#a74 ,rice ,gra9s7#b74 ,cotton ,plant 7#c74 ,battl$oor 7#d74 ,treasure ,%ip 7#e74 ,plate ,,lvi4 ,*ick5s & ! ,plum ,tree 7#a74 ,plum & ,song ,bird 7#b74 ,la/ ( ! ,sn[ 7#c74 ,pea* ,blossoms 7#d74 ,pap] ,dolls 7#e74 ,nana ,kusa 7#f74 ,plate ,,lvii4 ,*ick5s & ! ,plum ,tree 7#a74 ,plum & ,song ,bird 7#b74 ,la/ ( ! ,sn[ 7#c74 ,pea* ,blossoms 7#d74 ,pap] ,dolls 7#e74 ,nana ,kusa 7#f74 ,plate ,,lvii4 ,*]ry ,trees 7#a74 ,ebb ,tide 7#b74 ,saohime 7#c74 ,wi/>ia 7#d74 ,iris 7#e74 ,moon & ,cuckoo 7#f74 ,plate ,,lviii4 ,*]ry ,trees 7#a74 ,ebb ,tide 7#b74 ,saohime 7#c74 ,wi/>ia 7#d74 ,iris 7#e74 ,moon & ,cuckoo 7#f74 ,plate ,,lviii4 ,c>p 7#a74 ,wat]fall 7#b74 ,cr[ & ,sn[ 7#c74 ,kakehi 7#d74 ,tanabata 7#e74 ,autumn ,grasses 7#f74 ,plate ,,lix4 ,c>p 7#a74 ,wat]fall 7#b74 ,cr[ & ,sn[ 7#c74 ,kakehi 7#d74 ,tanabata 7#e74 ,autumn ,grasses 7#f74 ,plate ,,lix4 ,/ack$ ,rice & ,sp>r[s 7#a74 ,rabbit 9 ! ,moon 7#b74 ,megetsu 7#c74 ,mi/ ,%[]s 7#d74 ,wat] ,grasses 7#e74 ,joga 7#f74 ,plate ,,lx4 ,/ack$ ,rice & ,sp>r[s 7#a74 ,rabbit 9 ! ,moon 7#b74 ,megetsu 7#c74 ,mi/ ,%[]s 7#d74 ,wat] ,grasses 7#e74 ,joga 7#f74 ,plate ,,lx4 ,*rysan!mum 7#a74 ,tatsutahime 7#b74 ,de] & ,maples 7#c74 ,geese & ! ,moon 7#d74 ,fruits ( ,autumn 7#e74 ,monkey & ,p]simmons 7#f74 ,plate ,,lxi4 ,*rysan!mum 7#a74 ,tatsutahime 7#b74 ,de] & ,maples 7#c74 ,geese & ! ,moon 7#d74 ,fruits ( ,autumn 7#e74 ,monkey & ,p]simmons 7#f74 ,plate ,,lxi4 ,squirrel & ,grapes 7#a74 ,kay5u ,matsu 7#b74 ,evesco or ,ebisu 7#c74 ,zan ,kiku 7#d74 ,fir/ ,sn[ 7#e74 ,oh>ame 7#f74 ,plate ,,lxii4 ,squirrel & ,grapes 7#a74 ,kay5u ,matsu 7#b74 ,evesco or ,ebisu 7#c74 ,zan ,kiku 7#d74 ,fir/ ,sn[ 7#e74 ,oh>ame 7#f74 ,plate ,,lxii4 ,m&>9 ,ducks 7#a74 ,*i ,dori 7#b74 ,duck ,fly+ 7#c74 ,sn[ ,%elt] 7#d74 ,sn[ ,sc5e 7#e74 ,sn[ ,d>uma 7#f74 ,plate ,,lxiii4 ,m&>9 ,ducks 7#a74 ,*i ,dori 7#b74 ,duck ,fly+ 7#c74 ,sn[ ,%elt] 7#d74 ,sn[ ,sc5e 7#e74 ,sn[ ,d>uma 7#f74 ,plate ,,lxiii4 ,cr[ & ,plum 7#a74 ,bird & ,p]simmon 7#b74 ,nukume ,dori 7#c74 ,k9uta u*i 7#d74 ,plate ,,lxiv4 ,cr[ & ,plum 7#a74 ,bird & ,p]simmon 7#b74 ,nukume ,dori 7#c74 ,k9uta u*i 7#d74 ,plate ,,lxiv4 ,spr+ 7#a74 ,summ] 7#b74 ,autumn 7#c74 ,w9t] 7#d74 ,plate ,,lxv4 ,spr+ 7#a74 ,summ] 7#b74 ,autumn 7#c74 ,w9t] 7#d74 ,plate ,,lxv4 ,*a no ,yu 7#a74 ,s5 ,*a 7#b74 ,bir? ( ,buddha 7#c74 ,in>i 7#d74 ,plate ,,lxvi4 ,*a no ,yu 7#a74 ,s5 ,*a 7#b74 ,bir? ( ,buddha 7#c74 ,in>i 7#d74 ,plate ,,lxvi4 ,,footnotes #a ,?is is a translation f ! orig9al manuscript ( ,,iwaya ,,%o ,,ha1 or ,iwaya ,sazanami1 "o ( ! mo/ widely kn[n & popul> writ]s on ,japanese folk-lore4 #b ,translat$ f ! orig9al manuscript ( ,hirai ,k9za1 not$ s*ol>1 lectur] & au?or4 #c ,prep>]'s ,note3 ,! only editions available to me h ^! plates 9 black-&-:ite4