,! ,cl]gyman's ,h&-book ( ,law          
,! ,law ( ,*ur* & ,grave                
,by                            ,*>les   
,m4 ,scanlan1 ,,ll4,b4       ,au?or (   
8,scanlan's ,rules ( ,ord]10 8,law (    
,frat]nities10 8,law (                  
,hotels10 etc4                          
,new ,york1 ,c9c9nati1 ,*icago          
,b5zig] ,bro!rs                         
#aiji            ,,cont5ts              
,imprimatur  ,preface  ,*apt] ,i4       
,introduction  ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,:at ,is ,a 
,*ur*8  ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,con/itutional    
,law  ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,/atutory ,law       
,*apt] ,v4 ,un9corporat$ ,*ur*          
,societies  ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,incorporat$   
,religi\s ,societies  ,*apt] ,,vii4     
,sup]ior ,au?ority  ,*apt] ,,viii4      
,inf]ior ,au?ority  ,*apt] ,,ix4        
,memb]%ip  ,*apt] ,x4 ,h]esy ,&         
,secession  ,*apt] ,,xi4                
,excommunication  ,*apt] ,,xii4         
,elections  ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,(fic]s      
,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,meet+s  ,*apt] ,,xv4     
,*ur* ,records  ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,*ur*     

,tribunals  ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,/ate ,c\rts 
,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,evid5ce  ,*apt] ,,xix4 
,contracts  ,*apt] ,,xx4 ,pews  ,*apt]  
,,xxi4 ,prop]ty  ,*apt] ,,xxii4         
,religi\s ,s]vices  ,*apt] ,,xxiii4     
,beque/s1 ,devises1 ,& ,gifts  ,*apt]   
,,xxiv4 ,taxation  ,*apt] ,,xxv4        
,eleemosyn>y ,in/itutions  ,*apt]       
,,xxvi4 ,s*ools  ,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,p>5t  
,& ,*ild  ,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,husb& ,&    
,wife  ,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,indians  ,*apt]  
,,xxx4 ,juv5ile ,c\rts  ,*apt] ,,xxxi4  
,libel ,& ,sl&]  ,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,crimes
  ,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 ,cemet]ies  ,*apt]   
,,xxxiv4 ,miscellane\s  ,index          
,footnotes              ,,imprimatur    
,nihil ,ob/at4    ,,remy ,,la=t1        
,c5sor ,librorum4    ,imprimatur4       
,john ,m4 ,f>ley1    cross ,ar*bi%op (  
,new ,york4    ,,new ,,york1 ,janu>y    
#ae1 #aiji4    ,,copyright1 #aiji1 ,,by 
,,b5zig] ,,bro!rs4            ,,preface 
,! ?ree le>n$ pr(essions1 m$ic9e1 law1 &
 !ology1 ov]lap2 & a  man :o does n "k  
some?+ ( ! o!r two c n be prom95t 9  8  

own4 ,laws relat+ to ,*ur* matt]s are   
scatt]$ ?r\gh su* a va/  array ( law    
books t x w\ld be a burd5 = a cl]gyman  
to pur*ase  !m1 & )\t special tra9+ he  
w\ld n "k :]e to look = !  law4 ,!re=e a
 law comp5dium cov]+ ^? subjects relat+ 
to ,*ur*  matt]s mu/ be ( great value to
 a cl]gyman4    ,!re is ano!r view ( ?is
 subject4 ,:5 %e 0 mi/ress ( ! _w  !    
laws ( ! ,roman ,empire 7 = ! ,roman    
citiz5s1 p>ticul>ly !  patricians2 !    
canon law 0 ! law ( ! ,*ri/ian p (      
conqu]$  c\ntries & ! ,*ri/ian plebeians
 ( ,rome4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates we  h !    
same common law = ! ,presid5t & !       
hod-c>ri]1 = !  multimillionaire & !    
p5niless orphan1 = ! cl]gy & ! laity4   
,consequ5tly1 9 ?is practical age a k ( 
! law ( ! c\ntry  ) :i* ! cl]gy come    
con/antly 9 contact is exp$i5t1 if n    
necess>y4    ,! poet says3              
8,:at con/itutes a /ate8444             
,m51 :o _! duties "k1      ,b "k _!     
rights1 & kn[+1 d>e ma9ta940      ,to   
insure h>mony & good ord]1 e ,*ur* %\ld 

obey ! laws ( !  c\ntry2 b if any law   
%\ld impose ^u ! rights ( ! ,*ur* 9 any 
way1 ! rul+ au?orities1 ! c>d9al &      
bi%ops1 if ! wrong is  national1 %\ld   
unite 9 a petition to ! ,unit$ ,/ates   
,congress1  cle>ly /at+ ! grievance &   
ask+ = its r$ress47#a7 ,if !  grievance 
%\ld be )9 a ,/ate1 ! bi%op or bi%ops ( 
! ,/ate  %\ld pres5t ! matt] to !       
,legislature ( ! ,/ate4 ,if !  ,presid5t
 or ! ,gov]nor has au?ority to rem$y !  
matt]1 g direct to  him4 ,su* 0 !       
practice ( ! wise/ ( ! ,popes47#b7 ,!   
au?or nev]  knew ( an in/ance 9 :i* a   
cl]gyman hav+ a real grievance fail$ 9  
obta9+ a full & fair he>+ f ! p[]s t be1
 f !  ,presid5t d[nw>d4 ,?is me?od seems
 to be m 9 h>mony ) !  relations ( ,*ur*
 & ,/ate 9 a free gov]nm5t1 & m         
intellig5t  ?an to h a conv5tion ( work+
 m51 :o h little "t to make a  /udy (   
,*ur* matt]s1 pass resolutions1 ! pass+ 
( :i* g5]ally  ends ! action ( a        
conv5tion4    ,9 ! *apt]s t foll[1 !    
au?or has refra9$ f giv+ a great        

multitude ( au?orities1 b has endeavor$ 
to give su* z are  suffici5t to su/a9 ! 
text4 ,= example1 "u ! fir/ section1 &  
_m o!rs1 a li/ ( citations cov]+ sev]al 
pages might be giv54  ,t w\ld add to !  
exp5se ( ! volume & w\ld n be )9 its    
compass4 ,! book w bett] fulfil its     
purpose by cle>1 brief  /atem5ts ( !    
rules ( law1 & if a read] desires to    
inve/igate  fur!r1 ! citations giv5 w   
guide 8 way4    ,,*>les ,m4 ,,scanlan4  
,,milwaukee1 ,,janu>y #bc1 #aiji4       
,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introduction      99#a499 
,law1 ,religion4--,f ! dawn ( ! sci5ce (
 law x has be5  influ5c$ by religion or 
antagonism to religion4 ,?is is v evid5t
 9  ! anci5t laws ( ,babylonia1 ,egypt1 
,ph5icia1 ,israel1 ,india1 &  ,irel&4 ,x
 w\ld be impossible to make a /udy ( !  
law ( any ( said  c\ntries )\t ga9+ a k 
( its religi\s sy/em1 :e!r  pagan or    
o!rwise47#c7    99#b499                 
,religions4--,anci5t nations might be   
classifi$ into pagan & ^?  t wor%ip$ !  
univ]sal ,god4 ,h[ev]1 "s ( ! nations at

 "o "t  7 pagan & at o!r times _h a fair
 conception ( ! sup]natural4  ,also1 9  
,egypt1 ! class ( high] culture &       
education believ$ 9 !  "o omnipot5t &   
omnisci5t ,be+1 b ! populace1 :o c\ld be
  controll$ m readily by flatt]+ !m 9 _!
 notions & giv+  _! *ildi% conceptions  
full sway1 wor%ip$ idols47#d7    99#c499
 ,au?ority1 ,"r4--,9 ^? nations :]e !   
rul+ au?ority _h  ! prop] conception ( !
 ,almighty1 !re 0 a /rong1 p]si/5t  gr[?
 ( law ^u ! basis ( natural "r2 :ile 9 !
 pagan nations  laws 7 arbitr>y &       
despotic47#e7    99#d499 ,philosophical 
,f\ndations4--,! laws ( ,greece1 d[n to 
! "t (  ,plato1 7 ?or\ghly pagan4 ,b1   
foll[+ ! philosophical f\ndations  laid 
by ,plato & ,ari/otle1 un9t5tionally &  
unwitt+ly ! laws (  ,greece became imbu$
 ) ! _s ( natural law47#f7    99#e499   
,rome1 ,natural ,ju/ice4--,prior to !   
introduction ( ,grecian law  into ,rome1
 ! laws ( t nation 7 pagan4 ,grecian law
 f its  introduction to ! "t ( ,octavius
 0 ! civiliz+ elem5t ( !  empire4 ,!n x 

took a turn = ! worse1 ! elem5t (       
natural ju/ice  be+ r$uc$ & ! elem5t (  
arbitr>y rule becom+ dom9ant47#g7       
99#f499 ,canon ,law4--,we w n[ turn to !
 fir/ p]iod ( canon law1 :i*  cov]s !   
e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* up to ! reign (   
,con/ant9e !  ,great47#h7    ,canon law 
is compos$ ( ! foll[+ elem5ts3          
#a4 ,holy ,scriptures2      #b4         
,ecclesia/ical tradition2      #c4      
,decrees ( ,c\ncils2      #d4 ,bulls &  
rescripts ( ,popes2      #e4 ,! writ+s (
 ! ,fa!rs2      #f4 ,civil law47#i7     
99#g499 ,e>ly ,*ri/ians4--,ow+ to !     
p]secutions1 ! e>ly ,*ri/ians  71 9 a   
s5se1 isolat$ f ! ,/ate2 !y held _!     
prop]ty 9  common1 & 7 gov]n$ 9 matt]s  
among !mselves by ! canon law4  ,h[ev]1 
= want ( fre$om ( discussion &          
publication1 !y 7  unable1 ev5 )9 a s+le
 nation ( ! empire1 to promulgate a     
sy/em  ( canon law4 ,! f\ndation ( canon
 law be+ laid1 its developm5t ^u  !     
manumission ( ! ,*ur* 0 rapid47#aj7     
99#h499 ,p]secutions1 ,def5ses4--,dur+ !

 religi\s p]secutions !  ,*ri/ians almo/
 _h law =c$ into !m by surgical         
op]ations4 ,!  necessity = _! mak+      
def5ses 9 ! ,roman tribunals induc$ _m (
  !m to give ,roman law a c>eful /udy4  
,also1 ! great numb] (  ,*ri/ians held =
 trial on all sorts ( accusations made t
 bran* (  ! law ( ! realm v lucrative = 
lawy]s1 & call$ into ! field  _m        
,*ri/ians4 ,incid5tly1 m5 /udy+ = !     
prie/hood made a /udy  ( ,roman law ) a 
view to avoid+ its ma*9ations & cont9u+ 
_!  functions z cl]gym5 )\t be+ caught 9
 ! net ( p]secution47#aa7    99#i499    
,con/ant9e1 ,bl5d+ ! ,law4--,:5 ,emp]or 
,con/ant9e became a  ,*ri/ian 7#cbe     
,a4,d471 !re 0 a great *ange1 & ! memb]s
 ( ! b>  & judges 7 mo/ly ,*ri/ians4 ,x 
!n became necess>y = /ud5ts  ( law to   
/udy ! pr9ciples ( div9e "r z taught 9 !
 ,*ur*1  & :ile ! books ( ! civil law 7 
read by /ud5ts = !  prie/hood1 !        
,scriptures & ! works ( ! ,fa!rs 7 read 
by !  /ud5ts 9 law1 ?us bl5d+ ! law ( ! 
two realms to "s  ext5t47#ab7           

99#aj499 8,b5efit ( ! ,cl]gy10          
,ecclesia/ical ,c\rt4--,z ! old  ,roman 
,empire decay$ & its p[] wan$1 ! new "o1
 8,! ,holy ,roman  ,empire10 gradually  
implant$ itself 9 s\?we/]n ,europe4 ,!  
humiliation t ! div9e law & ! cl]gy     
suff]$ 9 be+ br\ght  into ! common c\rts
 gave rise to a sy/em ( c\rts )9 ! ,*ur*
  = ! purpose ( en=c+ h] morals1        
doctr9es1 & discipl9e4 ,^?  c\rts 7     
e/abli%$ 9 all ,*ri/ian c\ntries & _h   
jurisdiction (  all felonies except+    
arson1 treason1 & a few o!r crimes t f  
"t to "t 7 put "u ! special jurisdiction
 ( ! /ate c\rts4  ,:5ev] a cl]gyman 0   
arre/$ = a crime1 he plead$ ! 8b5efit ( 
! cl]gy10 & 8 case 0 transf]r$ f ! /ate 
c\rt to !  ecclesia/ical c\rt4 ,also1 :5
 a cl]gyman 0 convict$ 9 ! /ate  c\rt ( 
any crime = :i* ! puni%m5t 0 dea?1 he   
c\ld plead !  8b5efit ( ! cl]gy10 :i* 0 
a protection aga9/ 8 execution47#ac7    
99#aa499 ,e/ates1 ,gu>dian%ip4--,besides
 ! jurisdiction already ref]r$  to1 !   
ecclesia/ical c\rt _h jurisdiction ov] !

 settlem5t (  e/ates & ! gu>dian%ip (   
*ildr51 :i* v>i$ 9 diff]5t  c\ntries & 0
 v indef9ite 9 "s ( !m47#ad7    99#ab499
 ,middle ,ages1 ,common ,law4--,dur+ !  
,middle ,ages !re 0 a  con/ant ef=t on  
behalf ( ! ecclesia/ical c\rts to ext5d 
_!  jurisdiction1 & a c\nt]-ef=t on     
behalf ( ! /ate c\rts to assume         
jurisdiction ( cases "u ! ecclesia/ical 
law4 ,9 ,engl&1 f !  conque/ ( ,william 
! ,conqu]or to ! ,re=mation1 ! ext5sion 
( !  jurisdiction ( ! ecclesia/ical     
c\rts br\ght ! new elem5t (  ,engli%    
common law into ! canon law2 & mu* ( !  
canon law1  foll[+ ! jurisdiction assum$
 by ! /ate c\rts1 became ! common  law (
 ! k+dom ( ,engl&47#ae7    99#ac499     
,gratian1 ,re=mation4--,! canon law     
rea*$ its full developm5t  9 ! twelf?   
c5tury1 :5 ,gratian1 ! ,black/one ( 8   
age1 compil$  ! sy/em1 b x subsequ5tly  
lo/ its influ5ce :5 ! ,re=mation        
prevail$47#af7    99#ad499 ,bologna4--,!
 great s*ool ( jurisprud5ce1 bo? ( canon
 &  civil law1 0 locat$ at ,bologna1    

,italy1 :i* rea*$ its z5i? 9 !  ?irte5? 
c5tury4 ,to x /ud5ts flock$ f ,we/]n    
,europe1 & f  x 7 obta9$ ! pr(essors (  
law 9 ! univ]sities ( ,engl& &  o!r     
c\ntries47#ag7    99#ae499 ,*ur* &      
,/ate4--,9 mo/ ( ! ,*ri/ian c\ntries1 ! 
,*ur*  & ,/ate 7 unit$1 & _m ( ! judges 
9 ! civil c\rts 7  cl]gym547#ah7        
99#af499 ,engl&1 ,roman ,law4--,on      
acc\nt ( ,engl&'s be+ subject to ,rome  
9 its e>lie/ age1 & aft]w>d because (   
its be+ conqu]$ by  ,france1 ! ,roman   
law 0 pretty ?or\ghly int]mix$ ) !      
native  ,engli% law 9 ! m9or matt]s ( ! 
p1 & gov]n$ 9 ! m  important ones47#ai7 
99#ag499 ,am]ica1 ,engli% ,law1 ,civil  
,law4--,! portions ( ,am]ica t 7  settl$
 by ! ,engli%1 :i* includ$ ! orig9al    
?irte5 colonies1  7 "u ! ,engli% law4 ,9
 ,virg9ia ! ,episcopal ,*ur*1 :i* 0  !n 
! *ur* ( ,engl&1 0 made ! *ur* ( /ate4  
,canada & t  portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates  
=m]ly kn[n z ,l\isiana 7 gov]n$ by  !   
civil law ( ,france4 ,:]ev] ! ,fr5*     
gov]nm5t _h no au?ority  or civil       

(fic]s1 ! gov]nm5t 0 directly "u !      
mission>ies (  ! ,*ur*47#bj7    99#ah499
 ,religi\s ,tol]ance1 ,e/abli%$         
,*ur*4--,! ,engli% law &  ,engli% ideals
 prevail+ 9 ! orig9al ?irte5            
colonies17#ba7 !re 0  a /rong ef=t made 
by _m ( ! delegates to ! con/itutional  
conv5tion to h ! ,episcopal ,*ur* made !
 e/abli%$ *ur* ( !  new republic4 ,?omas
 ,jeff]son & ,james ,madison 7 probably 
!  /ronge/ oppon5ts ( ! s*eme1 & outside
 ( ! great ,c>roll (  ,c>rollton1 !y 7 !
 mo/ e>ne/ advocates ( religi\s         
tol]ance4  ,! necessity = ! fa!rs ( ?is 
republic to be unit$1 & _!  be+ unable  
to unite ^u any *ur*1 caus$ ! idea ( an 
e/abli%$  *ur* to be elim9at$4 ,?us 0   
e/abli%$ 9 our republic ! fre$om  (     
consci5ce & ! gu>antee t no "o %all be  
p]secut$ on acc\nt  ( 8 religi\s        
convictions47#bb7    99#ai499           
,tribunals4--,! ecclesia/ical c\rts z a 
"p ( ! /ate sy/em  & ! 8b5efit ( !      
cl]gy10 h be5 aboli%$ 9 ,engl& &        
,am]ica4 ,h[ev]1 z we %all see fur!r on1

 tribunals 9 ! nature (  ! ecclesia/ical
 c\rt exi/ 9 *ur*es & frat]nities ( all 
k9ds  9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates47#bc7           
,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,:at ,,is ,a ,,*ur*8     
99#bj499 ,*ur*1 ,religi\s               
,society4--,b\vi]'s def9ition ( 8,*ur*0 
is3 8,a  society ( p]sons :o pr(ess !   
,*ri/ian religion40 ,*ief ,ju/ice       
,%aw's def9ition is3 8,! *ur* is nei!r a
 corporation nor a  quasi-corporation1 b
 a body ( p]sons associat$ toge!r =     
c]ta9  objects "u ! law4 ,an aggregate  
body ( individuals associat$  toge!r 9  
connection ) a religi\s society4 ,! t]m 
religi\s  society may ) propriety be    
appli$ 9 a c]ta9 s5se to a *ur* z  t (  
religi\s association1 religi\s union1 or
 ! l2 yet 9 !  s5se *ur* 0 & is us$ 9   
our law1 x is synonym\s ) p>i% or       
prec9ct & designates an incorporat$     
society creat$ & ma9ta9$ =  ! support & 
ma9t5ance ( public wor%ip4 ,9 ?is1 its  
legal s5se1 a  *ur* is n a religi\s     
society4 ,x is a sep>ate body =m$ )9    
su* p>i% or religi\s society ^: rights &

 usages are well kn[n  & to a great     
ext5t def9$ & e/abli%$ by law407#bd7    
99#ba499 ,doctr9e1 ,con/itution4--,a    
*ur* 9 law is a m]e frat]nal            
organization4 ,x may or may n h a writt5
 con/itution1 b x mu/  h "s c5tral      
doctr9e z its f\ndation or              
con/itution47#be7 ,_m (  ! ,prote/ant   
d5om9ations claim t ! entire ,bible is  
_!  con/itution4 ,! ,jews may be said to
 consid] ! ,old ,te/am5t z _!           
con/itution4 ,all reveal$ tru?s may be  
said to be ! con/itution (  ! ,ca?olic  
,*ur*17#bf7 & :5 a doctr9e conc]n+ fai? 
or morals is  au?oritatively decl>$ by !
 ,*ur* to be a tru?1 x becomes a        
dogma47#bg7 ,! ,apo/les' ,cre$ is an    
example ( sev]al dogmatic tru?s4  ,!    
code ( ! ,*ur* is ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts4 ,a  
few sects1 by a majority  vote1 make &  
*ange _! con/itutions at w4    99#bb499 
,by-,laws4--,by-laws ( ! diff]5t        
religi\s organizations diff]  widely1 f 
! decrees ( ! great c\ncils ( ! ,ca?olic
 ,*ur* d[n  to ! vote ( ! congregation (

 an indep5d5t d5om9ation4    99#bc499   
,*ur*1 ,religi\s ,society4--,a *ur* 9 "o
 s5se is m limit$  ?an a religi\s       
society2 ! latt] compreh5d+ all ! memb]s
 ( !  same fai?4 ,ev5 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*
 we he> ( ! ,*ur* ( ,france1  ! ,coptic 
,*ur*1 etc41 spok5 ( 9 ?is s5se4 ,& 9 a 
/ill m  limit$ s5se we use ! ^w z a     
synonym = p>i%4 ,h[ev]1 :5 !  ^w 8!0 is 
us$ be=e *ur* writt5 ) a capital lett]1 
,ca?olics  und]/& x to apply to ! ,roman
 ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 its entirety1 :ile  "s
 non-,ca?olics apply x to ,*ri/5dom4    
99#bd499 ,*ur*1 ,*ri/ians1              
,religion4--,! missions e/abli%$ 9      
,cali=nia prior to its admission into ! 
,union 71 9 law1 practically  indep5d5t 
organizations & _h no legal connection )
 ! ,*ur*4  ,e society organiz$ = !      
purpose ( propagat+ ! practice (        
religion may be a *ur* 9 law47#bh7 ,!   
c\rts h made a di/9ction  betwe5        
,unit>ians1 :o are consid]$ ,*ri/ians1 &
 ,dei/s1 ,!i/s1  ,free ,religioni/s1 &  
o!r infidels47#bi7 ,a sect or d5om9ation

 )\t  a giv5 sy/em ( fai? is n recogniz$
 z a religion 9 law47#cj7    99#be499   
,doctr9e1 ,/&>d4--,to asc]ta9 ! t5ets & 
doctr9es ( a  *ur*1 resort mu/ be _h to 
hi/ory & to prior & contempor>y  /&>d   
writ+s ( its memb]s on !ology47#ca7     
99#bf499 ,ecclesia/ical ,corporations1  
,religi\s1 ,quasi-public                
,corporations4--,ecclesia/ical          
corporations1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ! ^w  is   
us$ 9 ,engl&1 ,g]many1 & ,france1 are   
unkn[n to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1  _! places   
be+ suppli$ by religi\s societies or    
corporations  consid]$ z private bodies1
 9 contradi/9ction to public or         
quasi-public corporations1 su* z t[ns1  
villages1 cities1 c\nties1 &  /ate4     
,!re=e1 ! law ( private corporations    
applies to religi\s  societies & *ur*es4
    99#bg499 ,sect1 ,sect>ianism4--,!   
,supreme ,c\rt ( ,nevada def9es 8sect0 z
  foll[s3 8,a religi\s sect is a body or
 numb] ( p]sons unit$ 9  t5ets1 b       
con/itut+ a di/9ct organization or p>ty1
 by hold+  s5tim5ts or doctr9es diff]5t 

f ^? ( o!r sects or p4 ,9  ! s5se int5d$
 9 ! con/itution1 e sect ( t "* is      
#8sect>ian' & all memb]s !re( are       
sect>ians407#cb7 ,9 ,p5nsylvania  ! c\rt
 adopt$ ! def9itions giv5 9 ! ,/&>d & 9 
,web/]'s  diction>ies47#cc7 ,! ,supreme 
,c\rt ( ,miss\ri1 cit+ ,web/]'s & !     
,c5tury diction>ies1 gave ! foll[+      
additional def9ition (  sect>ianism3    
8,sect>ianism includes adh]5ce to a     
di/9ct political  p>ty1 z mu* z to a    
sep>ate sect407#cd7 ,!                  
,presbyt]ians7#ce7 & !  8,%ak]s07#cf7 h 
be5 adjudg$ sects4    99#bh499          
,sect>ian4--8,sect>ian0 has receiv$ m   
contradictory  con/ructions ?an any o!r 
equally simple ^w 9 ! ,engli% language4 
,9 ,wiscons9 ! 8,k+ ,james0 ,bible 0    
held to be a sect>ian book27#cg7  b 9   
,k5tucky x 0 held t nei!r ! ,d\ay nor ! 
8,k+ ,james0  ,bible 0 a sect>ian       
book47#ch7 ,! ,miss\ri c\rt ext5d$      
sect>ian s  z to apply to ! ,republican 
p>ty47#ci7 ,9 ,ill9ois an indu/rial     
s*ool  = girls 9 :i* ! ,ca?olic ,si/]s 7

 employ$ z tea*]s1 0  held a sect>ian   
in/itution27#dj7 :ile 9 ,wiscons91 !    
8,wiscons9  ,indu/rial ,s*ool = ,girls10
 a private corporation organiz$ &       
conduct$ by ,prote/ant ladies1 has      
receiv$ appropriations f ! ,/ate  & has 
_h its reports publi%$ at /ate's exp5se1
 z a non-sect>ian  in/itution47#da7 ,9  
,new ,york ! religi\s g>b ( ! ,ca?olic  
,si/]s  0 practically decid$ to be      
sect>ian27#db7 b 9 ,p5nsylvania &       
,wiscons9 x 0 decid$ t ! dress ( !      
,si/]s 0 n  sect>ian47#dc7    99#bi499  
,wor%ip1 ,s]vices1 ,mass4--,any act (   
adoration1 rev]5ce1 praise1  ?anks1     
honor1 or v5]ation giv5 to ,god1 is     
religi\s wor%ip47#dd7 ,a  ,sunday-s*ool 
:]e ! ,bible 0 read & a hymn sung & a   
/ate  temp]ance camp-meet+ :]e a pray] 0
 said & hymns 7 sung1 7  held to be     
places ( div9e wor%ip47#de7 ,b a prie/'s
 h\se :]e he _h  a room fitt$ up = a    
*apel1 0 held to be n a place (         
wor%ip47#df7  ,x is v difficult to draw 
a l9e--no matt] :at curves y may give   

x--betwe5 ! ,prote/ant sy/em ( wor%ip1  
:i* consi/s ( ! read+  ( ! ,bible1 ! s++
 ( hymns1 & ! recit+ ( pray]s1 & su*    
s]vices 9 ! public s*ools4 ,also1 !re   
w\ld seem to be no legal  diff]5ce      
betwe5 a pray] said or a hymn sung by a 
,ca?olic & a  ,prote/ant4 ,z we h no    
e/abli%$ *ur* 9 ?is c\ntry1 we h no     
/&>d = pray]s1 hymns1 or music47#dg7    
,m solemn & impressive ?an h] pray]s    
adapt$ = s*ools is !  ,mass ( ! ,ca?olic
 ,*ur*1 def9$ ?us3 8,! ,mass is !       
unbloody  sacrifice ( ! body & blood (  
,*ri/407#dh7 ,x is def9$ 9 #bf ,cyc1    
#idj1 z foll[s3 8,a religi\s c]emonial  
or obs]vance ( ! ,ca?olic  ,*ur*27#di7 a
 ,ca?olic c]emonial celebrat$ by ! prie/
 9 op5 *ur*1  :]e all :o *oose may be   
pres5t & p>ticipate !re927#ej7 !        
sacrifice 9 ! sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/ or ! 
consecration &  oblation ( ! ,ho/407#ea7
    99#cj499 ,p>i%4--,a p>i% has two    
mean+s4 ,9 "s ,/ates x is a m9or        
division ( public t]ritory2 b 9 ,/ates  
:]e !re is no su*  division ( t]ritory1 

! ,/ate us+ in/ead 8c\nty0 or 8t[n10 a  
p>i% r applies to ! p belong+ to a      
p>ticul> *ur*1 :o  wor%ip at a p>ticul> 
place4 ,x is 9 ! latt] s5se 9 :i* a p>i%
  %\ld be con/ru$ 9 *ur* law47#eb7      
,p>i%ion]4--,a p>i%ion] mu/ be def9$ 9  
h>mony ) ! mean+  ( ! ^w 8p>i%407#ec7   
99#ca499 ,cl]gyman4--,a cl]gyman is a   
man 9 holy ord]s or "o :o has be5       
orda9$ 9 accordance ) ! rules ( 8 *ur*  
or d5om9ation47#ed7    99#cb499         
,m9i/]4--,a m9i/] is "o :o acts z1 or   
p]=ms "s ( !  functions (1 a            
cl]gyman47#ee7    99#cc499 ,rector or   
,pa/or4--,a rector or pa/or is a        
cl]gyman :o has *>ge  ( a p>i%47#ef7    
99#cd499 ,religion4--,religion is /ill  
fur!r di/+ui%$1 b n v  satisfactorily   
def9$1 = ! reason t etymologi/s h n     
agre$  ^u ! d]ivation ( ! ^w4 ,:5 !     
matt] 0 br\ght be=e our  c\rts & x      
became necess>y to give a def9ition1 !  
highe/ c\rt 9  our c\ntry gave ! foll[+3
 8,! t]m #8religion' has ref]5ce to     
"o's views ( 8 relations to 8 ,creator1 

& to ! obligations !y  impose ( rev]5ce 
= ,8 be+ & "*1 & ( ob$i5ce to ,8  w4 ,x 
is (t5 conf\nd$ ) cultus or =m ( wor%ip 
( a  p>ticul> sect1 b x is di/+ui%able f
 ! latt]407#eg7 ,"o (  our highe/ c\rts 
held t 8religion10 z us$ 9 ! tru/       
provision 9  a w = ! pur*ase &          
di/ribution ( religi\s books or read+ z 
!y %all be deem$ be/1 means             
8,*ri/ian407#eh7 ,b ! ,supreme ,c\rt (  
ano!r ,/ate held t 8religion0 is n      
equival5t to 8,*ri/ian0  religion1 b    
means ! religion ( any class ( m547#ei7 
,judge ,willis  def9es 8religion0 ?us3  
8,x is :at a man hone/ly believes 9 &   
approves ( & ?9ks x 8 duty to inculcate 
on o!rs :e!r )  reg>d to ?is _w or !    
next2 a belief 9 any sy/em ( retribution
 by  an ov]rul+ p[]4 ,x mu/1 ,i ?9k1    
include ! pr9ciple ( gratitude  to an   
active p[] :o c conf] bless+s407#fj7    
,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,con/itutional ,,law    
99#ce499 ,religi\s ,te/s4--,!           
con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates provides  
t 8no religi\s te/ %all ev] be requir$ z

 a qualification to any  (fice or public
 tru/ "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates407#fa7         
99#cf499 ,te/ ,oa?1 ,atta9d]4--,no te/  
oa? ( any k9d1 :e!r religi\s  or        
o!rwise1 c be requir$ ( a citiz5 ( !    
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!re=e  ! te/ oa? (      
,congress requir+ an (fic] to swe> t he 
nev]  volunt>ily bore arms aga9/ !      
,unit$ ,/ates1 0 held  uncon/itutional4 
,exclusion f any vocation on acc\nt (   
pa/ conduct  is puni%m5t & contr>y to ! 
con/itution on ! subject ( bills (      
atta9d]47#fb7 ,b !re is a limitation to 
?is rule to prev5t ! op5  violation ( ! 
laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or any ,/ate "u !
 cloak (  religion47#fc7    99#cg499    
,e/abli%m5t ( ,religion1 ,free          
,ex]cise4--,! fir/ am5dm5t to  ! ,unit$ 
,/ates con/itution provides t 8,congress
 %all make no law  respect+ an          
e/abli%m5t ( religion1 or prohibit+ !   
free ex]cise  !re(40    99#ch499        
,sov]eignty1 ,/ates1 ,bigamy4--,! c\rts 
h held t ?is  provision applies to      
,congress only1 & c n be con/ru$ to     

int]f]e  ) ! sov]eignty ( ! sev]al      
,/ates2 t ! con/itutional  gu>antee (   
religi\s fre$om 0 n int5d$ to prohibit  
legislation  aga9/ polygamy2 & t section
 #eceb ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,revis$        
,/atutes aga9/ bigamy1 is con/itutional4
 ,also1 t on a trial =  bigamy 9 ,utah1 
a man :o 0 liv+ 9 polygamy 0 n compet5t 
to  s]ve z a juror47#fd7    99#ci499    
,*ur* ( ! ,latt]-,day ,sa9ts4--,9 #ahea 
! assembly ( !  s-call$ ,/ate ( ,des]et1
 :i* subsequ5tly became ! t]ritory (    
,utah1 incorporat$ 8! ,*ur* ( !         
,latt]-,day ,sa9ts40 ,9 #ahhg ,congress 
repeal$ ! act ( incorporation & abrogat$
 ! *>t]1 :i* !  ,supreme ,c\rt held 0 )9
 its pl5>y p[]s4 ,! pret5se (  religi\s 
belief c n deprive ,congress ( ! p[] to 
prohibit  polygamy & all o!r op5 (f5ses 
aga9/ ! enlight5$ s5tim5ts (            
mank9d47#fe7    99#dj499 ,crime1        
,religion4--,! law prohibit+ any p]son  
:o is a  polygami/ or bigami/1 or :o    
tea*es1 advises1 c\nsels1 or enc\rages  
! same1 f hold+ any (fice ( honor1 tru/1

 or pr(it1 is  con/itutional2 & a crime 
is none ! less s1 nor less odi\s1       
because  x is sanction$ by :at any      
p>ticul> sect may designate z religion4 
,a  /ate has ! "r to legislate = !      
puni%m5t ( all acts inimical  to !      
peace1 good ord]1 & morals (            
society47#ff7    99#da499 ,donation1    
,ho/ile1 ,religion4--,on ! o!r h& !     
,unit$ ,/ates  ,supreme ,c\rt decl>$ !  
legal "r ( donees ( a college to make z 
a  condition ( ! donation t all         
ecclesia/ics1 mission>ies1 &  m9i/]s (  
any sort1 %\ld be exclud$ f hold+ any   
/ation ( duty  9 ! college or ev5 visit+
 ! same4 ,! condition be+ only          
negatively d]ogatory & ho/ile to !      
,*ri/ian religion1 did n make  ! devise 
= ! f\ndation ( ! college void47#fg7    
99#db499 ,*ri/ian ,sci5ti/4--,a law     
requir+ a p]son to be a physician to    
treat ! sick1 is con/itutional2 & !     
def5se ( a p]son :o has no  lic5se to   
practise1 t he is a ,*ri/ian ,sci5ti/1  
is n good4 ,also1  a p>5t mu/ furni% a  

doctor = 8 sick *ild1 not)/&+ t he      
believes 9 pray] cure47#fh7    99#dc499 
,prote/ant4--,9 ! e>ly days1 "u !       
con/itution ( !  ,/ate1 ! c\rts (       
,massa*usetts practically held t !      
,prote/ant  religion 0 ! religion ( t   
,/ate47#fi7 ,also1 ! con/itution ( ,new 
,hamp%ire ref]r$ to diff]5t ,*ri/ians1 &
 ! c\rt 9 con/ru+  ! t]ms 8,roman       
,ca?olic0 & 8,prote/ant10 held t any "o 
:o did n  ass5t to ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity 
z a di/9ct sy/em ( religion1  c\ld n be 
class$ z ei!r4 ,! c\rt /at$ t           
,mohamm$ans1 ,jews1  pagans1 & infidels1
 are nei!r 8,ca?olics0 nor              
8,prote/ants40 ,! t]m  8,prote/ant10 z  
us$ 9 ! con/itution ( ,new ,hamp%ire1   
includes all  ,*ri/ians :o d5y !        
au?ority ( ! ,pope ( ,rome4 ,:5 ! *ildr5
  ( ,prote/ant p>5ts r5\nce t religion1 
& volunt>ily accept  ano!r1 !y cease to 
be ,prote/ants47#gj7 ,at pres5t "u !    
con/itution ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 !         
legislature may au?orize t[ns or  p>i%es
 to provide = ! support ( ,prote/ant    

m9i/]s47#ga7    99#dd499 ,hospitals1    
,si/]s1 ,appropriation4--,9 #ahfd1      
,provid5ce ,hospital1  ( ,wa%+ton1 0    
incorporat$ by an act ( ,congress1 =    
g5]al  hospital purposes4 ,9 #ahig1     
#cj1jjj 0 appropriat$ = ! ,di/rict (    
,columbia to put up two isolation       
build+s 9 connection ) two  hospitals 9 
t city1 to be op]at$ z a "p ( su*       
hospitals4  ,provid5ce ,hospital 0      
select$ z "o1 & because x 0 9 *>ge (    
,si/]s ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ! "r (
 ,congress to make !  appropriation 0   
disput$4 ,among o!r ?+s1 ,judge         
,peackham says3  8,:e!r ! individuals :o
 compose ! corporation "u its *>t]      
happ5 to be all ,roman ,ca?olics1 or all
 ,me?odi/s1 or all ,presbyt]ians1  or   
,unit>ians1 or memb]s ( any o!r religi\s
 organization1 or ( no  organization at 
all1 is ( n ! slighte/ consequ5ce )     
ref]5ce to  ! law ( its corporation1 nor
 c ! individual beliefs ^u religi\s     
matt]s ( ! v>i\s incorporators be       
inquir$ into40 ,! appropriation  0 8=   

two hospital build+s to be con/ruct$ 9 !
 discretion ( !  commission]s ( !       
,di/rict ( ,columbia on ! gr\nds ( two  
hospitals  & to be op]at$ z a "p ( su*  
hospitals407#gb7    99#de499            
,con/itution1 ,rights4--,! provisions 9 
! con/itution d n 9  any way int]f]e )  
prop]ty rights obta9$ by a *ur*         
organization  prior to its              
adoption47#gc7    99#df499 ,aid1        
,contracts4--,"u ! con/itution ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates1  ,congress _c make       
appropriations = nor give aid to any    
d5om9ation4  ,also1 simil> provisions   
are 9 _m ( ! con/itutions ( ! ,/ates4   
,h[ev]1 _m cases arise out ( contracts  
:i* bord] ^u ^! v>i\s  rules1 & 9 "s    
,/ates ! con/itutional provision ( !    
,/ate is  su* t ! ,/ate ,legislature may
 legislate conc]n+ religion & give      
c]ta9 aid & support !reto4 ,pay+ r5t to 
a congregation = a  s*ool-room is n an  
appropriation or aid to a *ur* contr>y  
to !  con/itution47#gd7    99#dg499     
,prote/ant ,tea*]1 ,tax4--,=m]ly e p>i% 

9 ,massa*usetts  0 oblig$ to elect &    
support a ,prote/ant tea*]1 & might     
erect  *ur*es & p>sonages4 ,to provide !
 exp5ses !re(1 a tax might be  assess$  
^u ! polls ( ! inhabitants47#ge7 ,until 
#ahij ,new ,hamp%ire  p]mitt$ a tax to  
be levi$ 9 t[ns = religi\s purposes4 ,x 
is /ill  legal "u ! ,new ,hamp%ire      
con/itution to tax ! inhabitants = !    
purpose ( support+ ,prote/ant tea*]s1 b 
n to support a tea*] (  any o!r         
d5om9ation47#gf7 ,a section ( l& 9 e    
t[n%ip 9 ,ohio  0 set ap>t = religi\s   
societies1 9 :i* !y all %>$             
equally47#gg7 ,v]mont _h a simil>       
provision47#gh7    99#dh499 ,(fice1     
,god4--,! con/itutions ( ,arkansas1     
,mississippi1 ,nor?  ,c>ol9a1 ,s\?      
,c>ol9a1 & ,texas1 prohibit a man f     
hold+ (fice  :o d5ies ! exi/5ce ( a     
,supreme ,be+2 & ! con/itutions (       
,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 ,k5tucky1 & ,t5nessee1
 make all cl]gym5 ineligible  to hold a 
civil (fice47#gi7    99#di499 ,religi\s 
,lib]ty1 ,bible1 ,religi\s ,g>b1        

,wages4--,! au?orities  are n uni=m z to
 :at con/itutes a violation ( religi\s  
lib]ty4  ,! "q ( :e!r ! read+ ( ! ,bible
 9 ! public s*ools is  a violation ( !  
con/itution1 is an op5 "o 9 "s ,/ates & 
9  o!rs ! c\rts h pass$ ^u x1 "s hold+ t
 x is a violation  ( ! con/itution17#hj7
 & "s hold+ t x is n47#ha7 ,! weight  ( 
au?ority seems to p]mit ! read+ ( ! 8,k+
 ,james0 ,bible17#hb7  & :]e portions   
only are read1 z 9 8read+ books0 prep>$ 
=  s*ool "w1 or :]e ! *ildr5 are n      
oblig$ to be pres5t dur+  ! ex]cises1 ! 
cases seem to be unanim\s t x is n a    
violation  ( ! con/itution47#hc7 ,9     
,p5nsylvania ! c\rt held t :ile ,si/]s  
9 _! religi\s g>b might be tea*]s 9 !   
public s*ools1 !y  c\ld n give          
in/ruction 9 ! ,ca?olic religion at !   
s*oolh\se  be=e or aft] s*ool h\rs1 or  
at any o!r "t use ! s*ool build+  =     
religi\s purposes4 ,also1 9 ,wiscons9 ! 
c\rt decid$ t :ile a  portion ( a       
p>o*ial s*ool build+ might be leas$ =   
public s*ool  purposes & ! ,si/]s be    

employ$ !re9 z tea*]s1 religi\s         
ex]cises & in/ructions c\ld n be giv5 9 
su* leas$ premises47#hd7  ,9 ,new ,york 
x 0 held n only t ,si/]s c\ld n we> _!  
religi\s g>b or pray 9 s*ool1 b t !y    
c\ld n collect wages  = tea*+47#he7     
,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,/atutory ,,law          
99#ej499 ,wiscons91 ,mississippi1 ,new  
,york4--,! /atutory law ( !  diff]5t    
,/ates ( ! ,union is s v>i$ & ! laws (  
"o ,/ate are  ( s little int]e/ to ! p (
 ano!r t x w\ld be almo/  useless &     
beyond ! b\nd>ies ( ?is "w to give !    
sub/ance (  ! v>i\s /atutes4 ,9 "s      
,/ates !re is a limitation ^u ! real    
e/ate t a *ur* or *>itable organization 
may hold1 & 9 o!r  ,/ates !re is no     
limitation :atev]4 ,wiscons91 p]haps1   
occupies !  extreme ( greate/ lib]ality1
 by n only all[+ full fre$om 9  ev]y?+  
relat+ to religion & *>ity1 b x fur!r   
excepts f  ! limitation all rights (    
ali5ation ( real e/ate grant$ or devis$ 
to a *>itable association or to lit]>y  
or *>itable corporations  organiz$ "u ! 

law ( ! ,/ate4 ,! ,/ate ( ,mississippi  
probably  /&s at ! o!r extreme bo? 9 !  
n>r[ness ( its con/itution &  /atutory  
law1 & prohibits any devise or beque/ ( 
any p]sonal  prop]ty or real e/ate 9    
favor ( any religi\s or ecclesia/ical   
corporation or any religi\s or          
ecclesia/ical society4 ,nei!r does x    
exempt a cl]gyman1 physician1 or lawy]1 
f exam9ation z a witness  conc]n+       
in=mation t he obta9$ 9 ! p]=mance ( 8  
functions or duties z su*4 ,its judges1 
h[ev]1 are m lib]al ?an  its            
legislators1 & ,i "k ( no in/ance 9 :i* 
a cl]gyman1  physician1 or lawy]1 z a   
witness1 0 s5t to jail = contempt ( c\rt
  = n divulg+ in=mation obta9$ 9 8      
pr(essional capacity4  ,probably ,new   
,york has ! mo/ complete code7#hf7      
relat+ to religi\s  corporations4       
99#ea499 ,real ,e/ate1 ,p>i%1 ,diocese1 
,taxation4--,x is v important t  a      
congregation ab\t to pur*ase real e/ate 
%\ld exam9e & und]/&  ! /atutory law ( !
 ,/ate gov]n+ ! p[]s & au?ority ( !     

,*ur* z a civil organization4 ,9 "s     
,/ates !re is no special law =          
incorporat+ religi\s societies2 :ile 9  
mo/ ,/ates !re are special  provisions  
!re=4 ,= ?is reason1 ,i emphasize ! fact
 t no p>i%  or cl]gyman is ju/ifi$ 9    
organiz+ a congregation or pur*as+ l&   
)\t fir/ kn[+ ! law ( t p>ticul> ,/ate4 
,b g5]ally x  is be/ t ea* congregation 
be incorporat$ & t its prop]ty be  held 
9 ! "n ( ! corporation1 s t ! debts ( "o
 corporation  w n emb>rass ! diocese1 & 
t beque/s & gifts made to a  *ur* may be
 en=c$ 9 ! c\rts4 ,! proce$+s to        
incorporate are  fully /at$ 9 ! /atutes 
( ea* ,/ate4 ,"o ( ! ?+s ( !  utmo/     
importance is t any notice to be giv5   
mu/ be giv5 /rictly z  requir$ by       
law47#hg7 ,ano!r is to incorporate 9 !  
way t avoids  taxation47#hh7    99#eb499
 ,riot1 ,damages4--,"u a /atute provid+ 
t a p]son ^:  prop]ty is de/roy$ by riot
 may br+ suit aga9/ ! c\nty =  damages1 
a corporation = religi\s purposes1 z    
well z an individual1  has a "r (       

action47#hi7    99#ec499 ,use1 ,*ange1  
,p>sonage1 ,discipl9e1 ,doctr9e1        
,curate4--,:5 a fee  simple is acquir$  
by a religi\s corporation1 )\t          
re/riction z to  quantity1 b limit+ !   
purpose ( its use1 a subsequ5t          
,legislature1  ) ! cons5t ( !           
corporation1 has p[] to *ange or        
abrogate  altoge!r ! re/rictions z to ! 
use ( ! l&47#ij7 ,& !  ,legislature may 
emp[] ! *ur* corporation to convey a    
h\se devis$  to x = a p>sonage ) a      
condition t x be kept 9 repair1 &  inve/
 ! proce$s 9 o!r prop]ty to be held = ! 
same purpose47#ia7  ,a ,/ate legislature
 c n int]f]e 9 *ur* discipl9e & doctr9e1
  z by legislat+ :at %all con/itute a   
curate 9 ! ,ca?olic  ,*ur*47#ib7        
,,*apt] ,v4 ,,un9corporat$ ,,*ur*       
,,societies      99#ed499 ,p>tn]s1      
,debt1 ,liability4--,:]e sev]al g into  
an und]tak+  )\t fir/ be+ incorporat$ !y
 are usually liable z p>tn]s1 ea*  "o   
be+ responsible = ! :ole debt4 ,9 "s    
,/ates ! same  liability exi/s :]e an   

attempt has be5 made to incorporate1 b  
!re  0 a failure to comply fully ) !    
law47#ic7 ,!re is "s au?ority  free+ !  
individual memb]s ( a religi\s society f
 liability =  ! debts ( su*             
society17#id7 & hold+ t an ag5t ( su*   
society  c\ld n b9d ! society 9 _!      
associat$ capacity by a promissory      
note17#ie7 b ! rule is t ! memb]s ( an  
un9corporat$ society  :o actively incur 
lawful debts or ratify !m aft] _!       
creation are  p]sonally liable4 ,!re are
 exceptions to ?is rule by /atute or    
decisions 9 a few ,/ates47#if7 ,also1 ! 
law ( p]sonal liability is  settl$ 9    
,engl&47#ig7    99#ee499 ,pa/or1        
,sal>y4--,9 a late case 9 ,wiscons9 :]e 
a pa/or _h a  contract ) 8 congregation 
z to 8 sal>y1 aft] ! cl]gyman's  dea? 8 
heirs recov]$ ! unpaid "p ( 8 sal>y 9 an
 action  aga9/ a few ( ! individual     
memb]s ( ! congregation47#ih7           
99#ef499 ,build+1 ,mat]ials4--,! memb]s 
( ! build+ committee ( an  un9corporat$ 
*ur* are liable = mat]ials pur*as$ by !m

 = !  *ur*1 not)/&+ t ! sell] *>g$ !    
mat]ials 9 ! "n  ( ! *ur*1 & t at ! "t t
 ! pur*ase 0 made1 he 0  told t ! money 
= paym5t 0 to be rais$ by subscription  
among !  congregation47#ii7    99#eg499 
,managem5t1 ,disability4--,an           
un9corporat$ society is manag$ by  ^? :o
 are compet5t to transact _! own        
bus9ess4 ,!re=e1 x  w\ld seem t memb]s  
mu/ be m5 ov] tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age1 & n  
"u legal disability4 ,! m9or sons 9 a   
family :o h cont9u$  _! att5dance at !  
religi\s s]vices until ( full age1 are  
consid]$ memb]s47#ajj7    99#eh499      
,%ak]s1 ,sect1 ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ,tru/ees1
 ,funds4--,al?\gh ! sect  call$ ,%ak]s  
is n incorporat$1 yet x has be5 all[$ to
 take &  hold prop]ty = *ur*            
purposes47#aja7 ,9 ,massa*usetts1 by    
/atute1 a  sect may take & hold prop]ty 
= religi\s purposes )\t                 
incorporation47#ajb7 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic 
,*ur* is a recogniz$ public  corporation
 by mo/ nations1 includ+ ! ,unit$       
,/ates47#ajc7 ,no  individual memb] (   

any su* body has any title to ! l&s x   
holds1  b ! l&s are ! prop]ty ( !       
society 9 its aggregate  capacity47#ajd7
 ,aft] prop]ty has be5 acquir$1 !       
tru/ees h no  "r to di/ribute x among ! 
memb]s1 z su* p[] c\ld n be  conf]r$ ^u 
!m by a majority vote ev5 :5 approv$ by 
an ord] (  ! c\rt4 ,! contributors did n
 int5d _! funds to be s dispos$  (1 & if
 !y fail$ to atta9 ! use int5d$1 !y mu/ 
be return$  to ! donors1 & if n call$ =1
 w\ld es*eat to ! /ate47#aje7  ,:]e an  
un9corporat$ society has pur*as$ prop]ty
 & tak5 ! title  !reto 9 ! "n ( "o ( its
 memb]s1 :5 x subsequ5tly  incorporates 
su* memb] may be requir$ to execute a   
conveyance to !  corporation47#ajf7     
99#ei499 ,contract1 ,b9d+4--,p]sons =m+ 
a religi\s society may make a  contract 
= ! support ( its m9i/] by a majority   
vote47#ajg7 ,:5  su* un9corporat$       
society by a majority vote ent]s into a 
contract or  compromises a suit1 x is   
b9d+ ^u ! m9ority47#ajh7    99#fj499    
,c\rt1 ,tru/4--,any memb] ( an          

un9corporat$ society may g into  a c\rt 
( equity on behalf ( himself & o!rs to  
en=ce ! execution  ( a tru/ 9 favor ( ! 
society47#aji7    99#fa499 ,societies1  
,memb]%ip1 ,=feiture4--,volunt>y        
religi\s societies  :5 n re/rict$ by _! 
*>t]s or articles ( association1 may    
make  by-laws decl>+ :at %all con/itute 
memb]%ip & :at %all op]ate  z a =feiture
 !re(1 applicable to exi/+ z well z to  
future  memb]s4 ,:]e money is vot$ to be
 rais$ by an assessm5t to be made at  a 
subsequ5t p]iod1 a p]son :o 0 a memb] ( 
! religi\s society at  ! "t t su* vote 0
 pass$1 b )draws be=e ! "t (  assessm5t1
 is n liable to taxation47#aaj7         
,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,incorporat$ ,,religi\s  
,,societies      99#fb499 ,special ,law1
 ,g5]al ,laws4--,9 mo/ ( ! ,/ates !re is
 a  special law "u :i* congregations may
 be incorporat$4 ,new ,york is a  good  
example47#aaa7 ,:]e su* law does n exi/1
 ! congregation may be  incorporat$ "u !
 g5]al laws4 ,= bus9ess reasons ea*     
congregation %\ld be incorporat$47#aab7 

99#fc499 ,(fic]s1 ,discipl9e1           
,prop]ty4--,:5 a *ur* society           
incorporates  x becomes a private       
corporation1 & ! (fic]s are b\nd to     
manage !  prop]ty 9 ! mo/ upright &     
c>eful mann] accord+ to !  discipl9e ( !
 *ur*47#aac7 ,:5 a p>i% incorporates1 ! 
title to  ! p>i% prop]ty ve/s 9 !       
corporation1 to :i* tru/ees may be      
compell$ to convey x47#aad7    99#fd499 
,incorporation1 ,evid5ce4--,! c]tificate
 ( incorporation or  *>t] ( a religi\s  
society or a c]tifi$ copy !re( f !      
public  record1 is ! prop] evid5ce      
!re(47#aae7 ,second>y evid5ce &  evid5ce
 aliunde may be compet5t 9 "s           
=ums47#aaf7 ,9 mo/ ,/ates if            
incorporation is alleg$ 9 ! compla9t1 x 
ne$ n be prov$ unless  d5i$ by an       
affidavit or a v]ifi$ answ]4    99#fe499
 ,congregation1 ,memb]s4--,! act (      
incorporation applies only to  !        
p>ticul> congregation petition+ = x &   
does n ext5d to  o!r *ur*es1 ev5 ?\gh !y
 are a subsequ5t gr[? )9 ! same         

t]ritory47#aag7 ,incorporation once     
e/abli%$ is presum$ to  cont9ue47#aah7  
,:5 a new religi\s society is =m$ &     
incorporat$1  consi/+ ( individuals f   
exi/+ p>i%es1 ! memb]s ( ! new  society 
f ! "t ( its incorporation cease to be  
memb]s ( !  respective p>i%es to :i* !y 
_h belong$47#aai7    99#ff499 ,temporal 
,affairs1 ,managem5t4--,a majority ( a  
religi\s  corporation at a regul>ly     
call$ meet+ may1 by a vote tak51 b9d !  
m9ority 9 all temporal affairs47#abj7 ,!
 "* ( memb]%ip 9 !  religi\s corporation
 may be v diff]5t f t ( memb]%ip 9 !    
*ur*47#aba7 ,! fact t a memb] has be5   
decl>$ out ( ! *ur* by  an ecclesia/ical
 tribunal1 may n affect 8 rights 9 !    
managem5t (  ! temporal conc]ns ( !     
corporation47#abb7    99#fg499          
,corporators1 ,*ange4--,9 isolat$ cases 
"h & !re x has be5  held t a majority ( 
! corporators ( a religi\s society has !
  "r to *ange ! =m ( *ur* gov]nm5t1 z f 
! ,congregational  ,*ur* to an          
organization 9 connection ) !           

,presbyt]ian ,*ur*47#abc7  ,b x is a    
g5]al rule t a majority ( ! congregation
 c act only  consi/5tly ) ! p>ticul> &  
g5]al laws ( ! *ur*  organization1 b n 9
 violation ( !m47#abd7    99#fh499      
,con/itution1 ,subsequ5t ,laws4--,an    
ecclesia/ical society =m$  be=e !       
adoption ( ! /ate con/itution is n by t 
con/itution  & subsequ5t laws conc]n+   
religi\s societies dive/$ ( its legal   
"*47#abe7    99#fi499 ,"n1 ,*ange4--,!  
"n ( an ecclesia/ical corporation is    
arbitr>y & a *ange or alt]ation 9 its "n
 does n affect its  id5tity47#abf7 ,a   
*>t] w n be grant$ to a *ur* ) a "n s  l
 ano!r *ur* 9 ! same ,/ate1 t "o may be 
tak5 = !  o!r47#abg7    99#gj499 ,*ur*1 
,regul>4--,9 *ur* organizations ^? :o   
adh]e to !  regul> ord] ( ! *ur*1 legal 
& g5]al1 ?\gh a m9ority1 are !  true    
congregation & con/itute ! corporation  
if incorporat$47#abh7    99#ga499       
,notice1 ,legal4--,all ! proce$+s ( a   
corporation1 includ+  notice1 mu/ be 9  
accordance ) ! con/itution & by-laws1 & 

no  bus9ess transact$ contr>y !reto is  
legal47#abi7    99#gb499 ,control1      
,sec$e1 ,ve/$ ,rights4--,! (fic]s ( a   
*ur*  corporation h control ( ! bus9ess 
managem5t = all civil  purposes1 except+
 z o!rwise provid$ by ! articles (      
organization1  *>t]1 or by-laws ( !     
corporation4 ,h[ev]1 ! by-laws mu/ n    
contrav5e ! laws ( ! ,/ate47#acj7 ,a    
*>t] 0 refus$ 9  ,p5nsylvania :i*       
provid$ t ! congregation might1 by a    
majority  vote1 dissolve or sec$e f !   
c5tral body & divide !  prop]ty47#aca7  
,a *>t] ( incorporation may be am5d$ 9  
h>mony )  ! pr9ciples1 discipl9e1 &     
objects ( ! *ur*1 b n  o!rwise47#acb7 ,!
 fact t incorporation ( a *ur* conf]s   
c]ta9  rights & privileges "u ! *>t]1   
su* *>t] be+ accept$1 does  n give !    
*ur* corporation any ve/$ rights47#acc7 
99#gc499 ,consolidation1 ,control1      
,dissolution4--,s f> z ! ,/ate law is   
conc]n$1 two diff]5t d5om9ations may =m 
"o corporation27#acd7 or  two or m      
congregations ( ! same organization may 

=m "o  corporation47#ace7 ,:]e su*      
consolidation is attempt$1 ! new        
organization mu/ h control ( all !      
prop]ty47#acf7 ,s long z  diff]5t       
congregations attempt+ to consolidate   
reta9 _! respective  id5tities1 !y d n  
=m a s+le corporation47#acg7 ,x is a    
g5]al  rule t a corporation may be      
dissolv$ by tak+ ! /eps requir$ by  law4
 ,z !re are v>i\s /atutory provisions 9 
! diff]5t ,/ates1  ea* case _h be/ be   
att5d$ to by an attorney4 ,9 "s ,/ates  
!re is  a provision t :]e a corporation 
fails to c>ry out its functions =  a    
/at$ "t1 x !reby becomes dissolv$4 ,!   
omission ( a p>i% =  "o ye> to elect    
(fic]s1 does n necess>ily op]ate z a    
dissolution  "u su* /atute4 ,9 case (   
dissolution "u a /atute ( t k9d1  !     
prop]ty ( ! *ur* is n =feit$ to !       
,/ate47#ach7    99#gd499 ,debt1         
,limit$4--,! am\nt ( debt :i* ! tru/ees 
( a  religi\s society may be au?oriz$ to
 create1 may be limit$ by its           
con/itution47#aci7    99#ge499          

,conditions1 ,effect4--,:]e #a1jjj 0    
giv5 def5dants to erect &  ma9ta9 =ev] a
 ,lu!ran *ur* & prohibit+ ! grantee f   
ali5at+ or dispos+ ( or o!rwise *ang+ or
 encumb]+ ! l&  by de$1 a mortgage giv5 
to secure a legitimate debt 0 held      
valid1 z  ! legal title 0 9 !           
corporation & a c\rt ( equity c\ld n    
refuse to en=ce ! mortgage = ! paym5t ( 
an hone/ debt "u  color ( protect+ a    
*>itable use47#adj7 ,b prop]ty giv5 a   
congregation = ! ma9t5ance ( a *ur* t   
becomes dissolv$1  rev]ts to ! heirs z a
 result+ tru/47#ada7 ,a corporation t   
has  be5 au?oriz$ to pur*ase l& may     
execute a mortgage = ! pur*ase  money or
 a "p ( x )\t fur!r au?ority47#adb7 ,:]e
 by an anci5t  agreem5t a meet+-h\se 0  
to rema9 9 a p>ticul> place1 a vote (  !
 congregation w n ju/ify pull+ x d[n1 & 
an action (  trespass w lie = raz+ x &  
damages w be giv5 = ! value (  !        
build+47#adc7    99#gf499 ,suits1       
,p>ties4--,:5 a *ur* is incorporat$1 x  
%\ld be su$  9 its corporate "n2 b :5 ! 

bi%op ( ! ,ca?olic *ur* holds  ! legal  
title to ! l& 9 litigation1 he %\ld be  
made a p>ty47#add7  ,& if !re are two   
sets ( (fic]s cont5d+ = control1 s]vice 
(  ! pap]s ^u ! intrud]s may n be       
suffici5t4 ,! saf] practice is  to s]ve 
^u bo?47#ade7 ,a suit by ! tru/ees ( a  
religi\s society to  re/ra9 o!r p>ties  
claim+ to be tru/ees f int]f]+ 9 !      
managem5t & control ( ! society prop]ty1
 is prop]ly br\ght 9 !  corporate "n ( !
 tru/ees & n 9 ! "n ( ! ,/ate47#adf7    
99#gg499 ,incorporation1                
,suffici5t4--,:]e ! articles (          
incorporation  7 drawn & sign$ 9 ! =m   
requir$ by law1 except+ z to !          
ackn[l$gm5t1 & 7 record$1 & !           
corporation organiz$ 9 good  fai?1 x    
became a de facto corporation & 0       
suffici5t to entitle x  to sue to prev5t
 c]ta9 memb]s f p]v]t+ ! use ( its      
prop]ty47#adg7    99#gh499 ,dissolution1
 ,fund4--,! corporation ( a congregation
 c n by  sec$+ & a majority vote        
dissolve ! corporation :]e x is a "p  ( 

a sup]ior body47#adh7 ,b ! c\rts h pl5>y
 p[]s ov]  corporations "u ! ,unit$     
,/ates jurisdiction1 su* z t]ritories1  
& may dissolve a corporation47#adi7 ,!  
fact t ! dissolution is  contr>y to1 or 
au?oriz$ by *ur* discipl9e1 makes no    
diff]5ce z to  grant+ ! dissolution1 z  
su* discipl9e c n sup]s$e ! /ate        
law47#aej7 ,on dissolution ( a religi\s 
corporation1 ! surplus fund  d]iv$ f a  
legacy %\ld be dispos$ ( 9 ! mann] !    
c\rt  believes to be mo/ 9 h>mony ) ! w 
( ! contributors to !  fund1 c\ld !y h  
=ese5 ! ev5t47#aea7    99#gi499         
,reorganization4--,a *ur* corporation   
may reorganize & be  re9/at$ into all   
rights t x =m]ly _h47#aeb7 ,! /eps to be
  tak5 to reorganize are usually provid$
 by /atute & %\ld be closely  foll[$4   
,^u ! reorganization1 ! old corporation 
becomes  t]m9at$47#aec7    99#hj499     
,meet+s1 ,majority1 ,quorum4--,9        
corporate meet+s1 meet+s (  bo>ds1 &    
meet+s ( committees duly call$1 a       
majority vote ( ^?  pres5t det]m9es !   

action ( ! body4 ,if ! memb]%ip is      
indef9ite1 ^? :o att5d su* meet+        
con/itute a quorum2 b if !  memb]%ip is 
def9ite1 x requires a majority ( ! vot+ 
memb]s to  con/itute a quorum1 unless ! 
law ( ! ,/ate or ! con/itution          
7articles ( organization7 or by-laws    
provide a diff]5t numb]47#aed7          
,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,sup]ior ,,au?ority     
99#ha499 ,prote/ant1 ,m9i/]s1           
,bi%op4--,9 mo/ *ur* organizations !    
au?ority is divid$ into sup]ior &       
inf]ior4 ,9 c\ntries :]e !re  is an     
e/abli%$ ,prote/ant *ur*1 ! sup]ior     
au?ority is fir/ 9  ! k+ & que5 &       
secondly 9 ! bi%ops4 ,! inf]ior au?ority
 is  9 ! m9i/]s & secul> (fic]s ( !     
*ur*4 ,:]e !re is no  e/abli%$ *ur*1 !  
synod or bi%op is ! sup]ior au?ority4   
,?us  decisions ( our c\rts usually     
apply to all *ur*es alike4    99#hb499  
,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ,pope1 ,bi%ops1  
,delegat$4--,9 ! ,roman  ,ca?olic ,*ur* 
! sup]ior au?ority is fir/ 9 ! ,pope &  
secondly  9 ! o!r bi%ops4 ,?is sup]ior  

au?ority is grad$ & "s ( x may  be      
delegat$1 z 9 case ( a ,papal delegate4 
,b ! g5]al rule t  delegat$ au?ority c n
 be aga9 delegat$ by ! delegate )\t     
special au?ority applies to *ur* matt]s4
    99#hc499 ,bi%op1 ,discipl9e1        
,cl]gy4--,)9 8 diocese ! bi%op is !     
executive (fic]1 ! legislature1 & !     
judici>y2 b he is subject  to ! sup]ior 
au?ority ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! bi%op may make   
laws = 8  diocese1 subject to !         
limitation ( ! g5]al doctr9e & discipl9e
  ( ! ,*ur*4 ,he has orig9al            
jurisdiction ( all causes aris+ 9 8     
diocese1 & may decide !m 9 ! fir/       
in/ance & inflict su*  p5alties1        
susp5sion1 or excommunication1 9        
accordance ) ! canons  ( ! ,*ur*1 z he  
deems fit4 ,! cl]gy are subject to 8    
ord]s &  discipl9e accord+ to ! canon   
law4 ,h[ev]1 )\t special contract1  !   
bi%op is n civilly liable = ! sal>y ( a 
prie/ "u him1  ei!r :ile he is actually 
9 ! l9e ( 8 assign$ duties or :ile      
wait+ to be assign$47#aee7    99#hd499  

,local1 ,secul> ,matt]s4--,!re is /ill  
ano!r division (  sup]ior & inf]ior     
au?ority3 ! local corporation or        
congregation has  no?+ :atev] to d ) !  
doctr9al or discipl9>y functions ( !    
,*ur*2 b has only su* p[]s & au?ority ) 
reg>d to secul>  matt]s z is provid$ by 
! laws ( ! ,/ate or conf]r$ by !        
articles ( organization1 *>t]1 &        
by-laws4 ,also1 unless !re is "s  o!r   
rule to ! contr>y1 only ! male memb]s :o
 are ov] tw5ty-"o  ye>s ( age1 h a voice
 & vote 9 su* corporation47#aef7        
99#he499 ,un9corporat$1 ,au?ority4--,:5 
a *ur* is n incorporat$1 all  its       
elections & proce$+s1 s f> z !y are n   
contr>y to ! laws  ( ! ,/ate1 mu/ be 9  
accordance ) ! rules & regulations ( !  
,*ur*2 & ! rule t ! inf]ior au?ority mu/
 give way to !  sup]ior au?ority 9 all  
matt]s )9 ! limitations ( !  con/itution
 & laws ( ! organization1               
prevails47#aeg7 ,h[ev]1 c\rts  are n    
always cle> on ! la/ "p ( ?is           
rule47#aeh7    99#hf499 ,tribunal1      

,action1 ,appeal4--,:5 any "q arises &  
is be+  adjudicat$ 9 ! tribunal ( ! *ur*
 organization1 ei!r z an  orig9al action
 or on appeal1 ! ,/ate c\rt w n int]f]e 
s long  z ! proce$+s are 9 accordance ) 
! rules & regulations ( !  *ur*1 unless 
"s ve/$ "r to prop]ty is 9 "q or "s "o's
  "r z a citiz5 ( ! ,/ate or ( ! ,unit$ 
,/ates is be+  infr+$47#aei7    99#hg499
 ,spiritual ,au?ority1                  
,excommunication4--,nei!r ! ,pope nor ! 
bi%op has any b spiritual au?ority )9 ! 
,/ate47#afj7 ,! law (  ?is c\ntry       
consid]s excommunication z expell+ f    
memb]%ip2 b  does n tol]ate int]f]5ce ) 
civil or prop]ty rights ( citiz5s4      
,!re=e1 major excommunication non       
tol]ati1 is unlawful 9 ! ,unit$         
,/ates47#afa7 ,h[ev]1 a bi%op is n      
liable = any expression ( 8  op9ion z to
 ! ext5t ( 8 episcopal au?ority nor =   
any act (  omission 9 ! ex]cise ( 8     
spiritual functions47#afb7 ,! civil     
c\rts  w n g beh9d a *ur* au?ority to   
inquire z to excommunication1  b may    

exam9e z to ! compet5cy ( ! tribunal    
accord+ to ! laws  ( ! d5om9ation47#afc7
    99#hh499 ,con/itution1 ,limit$1     
,decisions4--,a writt5 con/itution is n 
necess>y to prove ! connection betwe5 a 
subord9ate & sup]ior  ecclesia/ical     
body2 b x w be inf]r$ f ! circum/ances (
 !  case47#afd7 ,! sup]ior may dissolve 
or reorganize an inf]ior body z a       
congregation47#afe7 ,9 fact ! sup]ior   
au?ority1 9 religi\s matt]s1  is pl5>y1 
except+ z limit$ by ! laws ( ! ,/ate & !
  con/itution ( ! ,*ur*47#aff7 ,!       
decisions ( ! ecclesia/ical  tribunals 9
 all cases on doctr9e1 ord]1 &          
discipl9e1 are conclusive  9 ! /ate     
c\rts47#afg7            ,,*apt] ,,viii4 
,,inf]ior ,,au?ority      99#hi499      
,prie/hood1 ,discipl9e4--,! inf]ior     
au?ority 9 ! ,*ur* may  be said to be 9 
! prie/hood1 ^: rights & duties are fix$
 by !  canon law1 b :o are /ill fur!r   
subject to ! reasonable diocesan  rules 
made by ! bi%op4 ,! discipl9>y relation 
( a prie/ to 8  bi%op is sub/antially ! 

same z t ( a capta9 to 8 colonel1 &     
implicit ob$i5ce 9 accordance ) !       
discipl9e ( ! ,*ur* may be  /rictly     
en=c$ by ! bi%op 9 s f> z x relates to  
ecclesia/ical  matt]s1 includ+ doctr9e &
 discipl9e1 9 :i* ! prie/ c n  resort to
 ! c\rts ( ! ,/ate1 b mu/ submit to !   
tribunals ( !  *ur*47#afh7    99#ij499  
,congregation1 ,insubord9ate1           
,discipl9e4--,! male memb]s ( a         
congregation are inve/$ ) no visitorial 
or control+ p[]1 b only  su* au?ority z 
is giv5 "u ! laws ( incorporation47#afi7
 ,:]e an  inf]ior organization1 z a     
congregation1 refuses to receive a      
cl]gyman  appo9t$ by ! bi%op1 x is an   
act ( insubord9ation to !  ecclesia/ical
 au?ority ( ! ,*ur* & 9 violation ( its 
discipl9e1  :i* au?orizes ! issu+ ( a   
p]emptory m&amus comm&+ !m to  admit !  
cl]gyman47#agj7    99#ia499 ,pa/or1     
,p>i%1 ,relation4--,:5 a cl]gyman's     
connection ) a  *ur* _h be5 duly        
dissolv$1 he ceas$ to be pa/or ( ! *ur* 
&  an arrangem5t ) ! p>i% to reta9 8    

relation z pa/or ( su*  *ur* 0 nugatory 
& void47#aga7    99#ib499 ,cl]gym51     
,citiz5s4--,cl]gym5 resid+ 9 an         
incorporat$ t[n  are n exempt f !       
p]=mance ( any duties requir$ ( citiz5s1
  unless su* exemption is giv5 by       
/atute47#agb7    99#ic499 ,doctr9e &    
,discipl9e1 ,au?ority4--,9 all matt]s   
conc]n+  doctr9e & discipl9e ( ! ,*ur*1 
! inf]ior au?ority1 su* z  m9i/]s1      
prie/s1 & deacons1 z well z !           
congregation1 mu/ submit  to ! decision 
( ! high] au?ority1 :e!r bi%op1 synod1  
or  c\ncil47#agc7    99#id499 ,sect1    
,suit1 ,prop]ty4--,a numb] ( p =m$ a    
congregation &  became incorporat$ 9    
#ahaj1 ! memb]s be+ mo/ly ( ,presbyt]ian
  extraction4 ,?is indep5d5t            
congregation b\ght & paid = prop]ty1  ! 
title ve/+ 9 ! corporation4 ,9 #ahaa !  
congregation pass$  resolutions         
unanim\sly t x 8w\ld be imprud5t &      
unscriptural0 to  e/abli% a new religi\s
 sect1 & vot$ to jo9 ! ,fir/ ,re=m$     
,dut*  ,*ur*1 :i* _h an organization (  

inf]ior & sup]ior au?ority4 ,!          
congregation 0 receiv$ into & became a  
"p ( ! g5]al  organization1 & rema9$ s  
until #ahfj1 :5 a majority ( !          
congregation vot$ to employ a ,me?odi/  
m9i/]1 & :5 8 "n 0  submitt$ to !       
sup]ior au?ority1 ! 8classis10 he 0     
reject$ z n  belong+ to ! *ur*4 ,!n by a
 majority vote1 ! congregation sec$$  & 
assum$ its fir/ "n1 & !reaft] br\ght    
suit = ! *ur*  prop]ty4 ,! c\rt held t  
by jo9+ ! ,fir/ ,re=m$ ,dut* ,*ur*1  !  
title ( ! prop]ty ve/$ 9 ! congregation 
( t *ur* z  repres5t$ by its            
corporation1 & t :5 ! majority sec$$ &  
left ! *ur*1 !y _h no "r nor title to   
any ( ! prop]ty4 ,&  ! c\rt laid d[n !  
g5]al rule t a majority ( a *ur*        
congregation may direct & control any   
*ur* matt]s consi/5tly )  ! p>ticul> &  
g5]al laws ( ! organization or          
d5om9ation to  :i* x belongs1 b n 9     
violation ( !m47#agd7    99#ie499       
,prie/1 ,sal>y4--,! fact t a bi%op :o   
holds ! title to all  ! diocesan prop]ty

 9 8 own "n 9 tru/ appo9ts a prie/ to ! 
p>i% or z *apla9 to a hospital1 does n  
give ! prie/ a "r (  action aga9/ !     
bi%op p]sonally = 8 sal>y4 ,! relation (
  bi%op & prie/ is n t ( employ] &      
employe1 b is t (  ecclesia/ical sup]ior
 & inf]ior47#age7    99#if499 ,curate1  
,induction1 ,rector4--,! jus patronatus 
( ! ,spani% law  has be5 abrogat$ 9     
,l\isiana4 ,! w>d5s ( ! *ur* c n compel 
a bi%op to in/itute a curate ( _!       
appo9tm5t1 nor is he 9 any  s5se        
subord9ate 9 8 cl]ical functions to !   
w>d5s ( any *ur*  )9 8 diocese47#agf7 ,9
 ! abs5ce ( a positive rule ( !         
ecclesia/ical body1 no c]emony (        
induction is necess>y = ! rector  ( a   
p>i%47#agg7 ,a cl]gyman appo9t$         
8p]man5tly0 to a rector%ip  holds x = an
 indef9ite p]iod dur+ ! pleasure ( !    
contract+  p>ties1 & ei!r ( ! contract+ 
p>ties may give ! o!r notice  (         
t]m9ation1 & ) ! concurr5ce ( ! high]   
ecclesia/ical  au?ority ( ! diocese1 a  
*ange may be made47#agh7 ,x is d\btful1 

h[ev]1 :e!r 9 mo/ ,/ates a p]man5t      
appo9tm5t w\ld n be  con/ru$ z a        
contract = life1 det]m9able only = good 
cause47#agi7    99#ig499 ,controv]sy1   
,tribunal1 ,decision4--,:5 ! cl]gyman & 
8  p>i%ion]s submit a controv]sy to an  
ecclesia/ical tribunal1 !  decision1 if 
n impea*$ = good cause1 is ju/ification 
9 ! p>ty  con=m+ to x47#ahj7 ,& a m9i/] 
:o submits to a *ur* tribunal &  is ou/$
 aft] fair he>+ & trial1 c n obta9 a    
writ ( m&amus  f ! civil c\rt to compel 
8 re9/atem5t47#aha7 ,also1 aft] a  m9i/]
 has be5 dismiss$ 9 due mann] by !      
tribunal ( 8  d5om9ation1 ! civil c\rt w
 enjo9 him f usurp+ 8  (fice47#ahb7     
99#ih499 ,prie/1 ,dwell+1 ,s]vant4--,a  
,ca?olic prie/ 9 *>ge ( a  congregation 
at ! w ( ! bi%op & occupy+ a dwell+-h\se
  belong+ to ! *ur*1 is a s]vant & n a  
t5ant1 & 8 "r to  occupancy ceases ) 8  
s]vices47#ahc7 ,! law is diff]5t ) reg>d
  to a ,me?odi/ m9i/] :o is 9 *>ge ( 8  
p>i% by an annual  conf]5ce & c n be    
eject$ by ! congregation or bi%op until 

!  next conf]5ce1 z he has possession ( 
! *ur* prop]ty )\t  sup]ior             
au?ority47#ahd7    99#ii499 ,injunction1
 ,bi%op1 ,prie/1 ,trial4--,on           
application = an  injunction to re/ra9 !
 bi%op f pass+ a s5t5ce aga9/ a  prie/1 
! only gr\nd on :i* a c\rt c ex]cise    
jurisdiction is t  ! ?reat5$ action ( ! 
bi%op w affect ! civil rights ( !       
prie/47#ahe7 ,a bi%op c n remove a prie/
 )\t an accusation1  he>+1 or trial1 &  
=bid him to ex]cise any prie/ly function
 :]e  su* removal w\ld cut (f ! prie/'s 
income & de/roy 8 means (  liv+ 9 8     
vocation47#ahf7 ,h[ev]1 9 ! same case x 
0 held t a  compla9t /at+ t ! bi%op     
fail$ & neglect$ to assign !  pla9tiff  
to ! ex]cise ( 8 (fice ( prie/ 9 said   
diocese to !  pla9tiff's damage1 etc41  
fail$ to %[ t any "r ( prop]ty or  civil
 "r 0 involv$ & ! prie/ 0 non-suit$1    
:ile 9 !  =m] case an injunction 0 issu$
 aga9/ ! bi%op47#ahg7    99#ajj499      
,confession1 ,privacy1 ,au?ority4--,a   
,ca?olic prie/1 al?\gh ab\t  to adm9i/] 

an (fice ( 8 religion to a sick p]son at
 ! latt]'s  reque/1 has no legal        
au?ority1 by virtue ( 8 prie/ly "*1 to  
=cibly remove f ! room a p]son lawfully 
!re47#ahh7    99#aja499 ,debts1         
,p]mission1 ,presum$4--,not)/&+ a rule  
or  ecclesia/ical law ( ! *ur* t a pa/or
 %all n contract debts 9  ! "n or = !   
sake ( ! *ur* )\t ! writt5 p]mission (  
! bi%op1 su* writt5 p]mission is n      
evid5ce t debts contract$  "u x are !   
legal debts ( ! bi%op4 ,! au?ority :i*  
bi%ops  delegate to prie/s is "u !      
ecclesia/ical law & prima facie         
ecclesia/ical au?ority1 & mu/ be presum$
 to be s 9 ! abs5ce (  all evid5ce to ! 
contr>y47#ahi7    99#ajb499 ,(ficial    
,acts1 ,subscriptions4--,! (ficial acts 
( a m9i/]  com+ 9 "q incid5tally1 unless
 contr>y to ! /atute1 are z  valid z !  
(ficial acts ( any o!r (fic]47#aij7 ,a  
cl]gyman :o 0  engag$ to conduct        
d$ication s]vices & 0 reque/$ by !      
(fic]s  ( ! local corporation to solicit
 subscriptions = pay+ (f !  indebt$ness 

( ! *ur*1 b 0 n appo9t$ ag5t to receive 
su*  subscriptions1 _h no au?ority to   
accept a subscription = !               
corporation47#aia7    99#ajc499         
,exemptions1 ,cl]gy4--,! exemptions giv5
 m9i/]s by !  /atutes ( "s ,/ates are   
lib]ally con/ru$47#aib7 ,)\t any        
/atutory exemption1 ! cl]gy are liable =
 all duties requir$ (  o!r              
citiz5s47#aic7    99#ajd499 ,m9i/]1     
,contributions1 ,depos$4--,no religi\s  
tea*] or  m9i/] c be enjo9$ f receiv+   
volunt>y contributions1 al?\gh  he has  
be5 depos$ by "s ecclesia/ical          
tribunal47#aid7    99#aje499 ,fees1     
,usages1 ,excess4--,! fees ( a prie/ ( !
 ,ca?olic ,*ur*  are regulat$ by ! laws 
& usages ( t ,*ur*1 & :]e 9 ?is  c\ntry 
! pew r5t & collections g = ! support ( 
! prie/ &  ! curr5t *ur* exp5ses1 a     
prie/ is n acc\ntable = ! excess (  su* 
collections ov] ^! exp5ditures47#aie7   
99#ajf499 ,sal>y1 ,fees4--,"u ! act (   
,m>*1 #ahad1 incorporat+ a              
congregation1 ! congregation1 be+ !     

legal own]s & temporal  adm9i/rators ( !
 prop]ty :i* x 0 au?oriz$ to hold1 _h ! 
exclusive p[] to fix ! sal>y ( ! p>i%   
prie/ or ! t>iff (  fees = m>riages1    
burial1 etc4 ,no su* p[] c\ld be ex]cis$
 "u  t act by ! ,pope or any            
bi%op47#aif7    99#ajg499 ,cl]gyman1    
,sal>y4--,:]e a cl]gyman agre$ ) a      
congregation  t ! sal>y %\ld be :at c\ld
 be rais$ by subscription1 !            
congregation 0 b\nd to use due dilig5ce 
9 procur+ subscriptions1  & z x did s1 t
 0 all t ! cl]gyman c\ld recov]47#aig7  
99#ajh499 ,curate1 ,s]vices4--,9 an     
action by a curate aga9/ a religi\s     
corporation = p]sonal s]vices1 ! c\rt w 
n inquire into !  spiritual relations   
exi/+ betwe5 ! p>ties1 b w exam9e _!    
legal rights only47#aih7    99#aji499   
,m9i/]1 ,dismissal1 ,money              
,advanc$4--,aft] a p>i% has vot$ to     
dismiss ! m9i/]1 x is n compet5t to     
prove irregul> conduct or  immorality 9 
answ] to 8 claim = sal>y1 )\t alleg+ x 9
 !  vote ( dismissal47#aii7 ,9 ,ill9ois 

x 0 held t a prie/ :o advanc$  money f 8
 private res\rces = improv+ *ur*        
prop]ty1 _h an  equitable li5 ^u !      
prop]ty = all ! money advanc$1 ) legal  
int]e/47#bjj7 ,b 9 ,p5nsylvania1 :]e a  
prie/ "u ! direction (  ! bi%op built a 
*ur* 9 8 p>i% = mission purposes1 & 9   
do+  s exp5d$ "s ( 8 own money1 x 0 held
 t 9 ! abs5ce (  pro( ( any rule or     
cu/om ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* mak+ ! paym5t (
  su* exp5ses obligatory on ! p>i%1 t he
 c\ld n recov] !  money s exp5d$ f 8    
congregation47#bja7            ,,*apt]  
,,ix4 ,,memb]%ip      99#aaj499         
,bus9ess1 ,religi\s ,memb]%ip4--,unless 
!re is "s o!r law or  rule to ! contr>y1
 ! male memb]s ( ! congregation ov]     
tw5ty-"o  ye>s ( age con/itute ! bus9ess
 memb]%ip ( a religi\s  society47#bjb7  
,b ! "q ( memb]%ip ( religi\s societies 
or  congregations is left to be det]m9$ 
by ! rules ( ! religi\s  d5om9ation to  
:i* !y belong47#bjc7 ,& :]e a condition 
(  memb]%ip is t ! p]son mu/ contribute 
to ! support ( ! *ur*  & be a           

communicant1 if he is n a communicant he
 is n entitl$ to  vote47#bjd7           
99#aaa499 ,regul>1 ,doctr9es1           
,support4--,! ones :o adh]e & submit to 
! regul> ord] & doctr9es ( ! *ur*1      
al?\gh a m9ority1  con/itute ! true     
congregation47#bje7 ,at lea/ two ?+s mu/
 concur to  qualify a p]son z a vot]3   
fir/1 /at$ att5dance at div9e wor%ip 9  
! congregation2 &1 second1 contribution 
to ! support ( !  *ur*47#bjf7 ,! li/ (  
memb]s kept by ! cl]k or secret>y ( !   
congregation is evid5ce (               
memb]%ip47#bjg7 ,a p]son :o d5ies any "p
  ( ! sy/em ( !ology receiv$ & taught by
 ! d5om9ation is n a  memb] ( !         
*ur*47#bjh7    99#aab499 ,factions1     
,au?ority4--,:]e two factions ( a *ur*1 
ea*  claim+ to be ! *ur*1 try memb]s ( !
 o!r faction1 a c\rt may  det]m9e :i* ( 
! factions is ! au?oriz$ au?ority or t !
  action tak5 by ei!r or bo? ( !m is    
nugatory = want (  au?ority47#bji7      
99#aac499 ,fai?1 ,burial4--,:e!r a p]son
 di$ 9 ! fai? ( ! ,roman  ,ca?olic ,*ur*

 s z to be entitl$ to burial 9 its      
cemet]y1 is n a  "q )9 ! jurisdiction ( 
civil c\rts1 b mu/ be decid$ by  !      
ecclesia/ical au?orities47#baj7         
99#aad499 ,rules1 ,memb]%ip4--,e        
d5om9ation has ! "r to prescribe  by    
rules1 its con/itution1 or its by-laws1 
! conditions ( memb]%ip2  & any "o :o w 
n subscribe to & practise ! doctr9es ( !
  d5om9ation is n a memb]47#baa7        
99#aae499 ,m9or4--,:]e ! legal memb]s ( 
a society t is incorporat$  consi/ (    
male memb]s ( ! *ur* ( full age1 :5 m9or
 sons become  ( age1 !y become legal    
memb]s ( ! corporation1 provid$ !y rema9
  9 ! *ur*47#bab7    99#aaf499 ,(fic]s1 
,non-,memb]s4--,x has be5 held t a p]son
 may be an  (fic] or memb] ( ! *ur*     
corporation or its temporal conc]ns  )\t
 be+ a memb] ( ! d5om9ation47#bac7      
99#aag499 ,debts1 ,un9corporat$         
,p>i%4--,9 ,connecticut memb]s ( an     
ecclesia/ical society =m$ by volunt>y   
association "u ! /atutes  ( ! ,/ate are 
n individually liable = ! debts ( su*   

society47#bad7 ,b :]e !re is no /atute  
on ! subject1 ! memb]s (  an            
un9corporat$ p>i% are liable = lawful   
debts contract$ or  ratifi$ by !m1 & _! 
prop]ty may be levi$ on = su* debts     
incurr$ or judgm5ts r5d]$ :ile !y are   
memb]s ( ! society47#bae7  ,! memb]s (  
an un9corporat$ p>i% may be su$ to      
recov] ! sal>y  ( a deceas$ pa/or up to 
! "t ( 8 dea?47#baf7    99#aah499       
,execution1 ,prop]ty4--,:ile an         
execution aga9/ a t]ritorial  p>i% may  
be levi$ on ! prop]ty ( a memb] ( !     
p>i%1 x c n  be levi$ on prop]ty ( a    
p]son :o ceas$ to be a memb] be=e !     
levy47#bag7    99#aai499 ,incorporat$1  
,subscriptions4--,! memb]s ( an         
incorporat$ poll  p>i% are n            
individually liable on a judgm5t &      
execution aga9/ !  corporation1 except+ 
on ! unpaid subscriptions47#bah7        
99#abj499 ,expell$1 ,m]its4--,m&amus c n
 be resort$ to to re/ore a  memb]       
regul>ly expell$ f 8 *ur*1 z a c\rt w n 
inquire  into ! m]its ( ! case47#bai7   

99#aba499 ,lay ,memb]s1 ,appo9t$4--,:]e 
! /atute provides t two lay  memb]s ( ! 
corporation ( a ,ca?olic p>i% %all be   
appo9t$  annually 8by ! committee ( !   
congregation10 ! memb]s ( !             
congregation h no "r to elect said two  
memb]s1 & ^? appo9t$  9 ! prop] mann]   
are lawful (fic]s47#bbj7                
,,*apt] ,x4 ,,h]esy ,,& ,,secession     
99#abb499 ,"m ,*ur*1 ,control4--,a      
majority ( ! memb]s ( a  congregation c 
n by _! vote leave ! *ur* & transf] !   
prop]ty ( ! congregation to ano!r *ur* s
 long z any portion (  ! congregation   
rema9s fai?ful to ! "m *ur* ( :i* su*   
congregation =ms a "p4 ,su* m9ority %all
 reta9 control ( !  prop]ty47#bba7      
99#abc499 ,sec$]s1 ,funds4--,nor c      
sec$]s f a religi\s d5om9ation  reta9 ! 
funds 9 _! h&s z tru/ees on ! gr\nd t !y
 7  memb]s ( ! society :5 ! funds       
accru$47#bbb7 ,! title to *ur*  prop]ty 
9 a divid$ congregation is 9 t "p ( !   
congregation  :i* is act+ 9 h>mony ) its
 own law2 & ! ecclesia/ical laws  &     

pr9ciples :i* 7 accept$ among !m be=e ! 
dispute began are  ! /&>ds = det]m9+ :i*
 p>ty is "r47#bbc7    99#abd499         
,society1 ,=eign ,language1             
,indep5d5t4--,! =mation ( a  society    
di/9ct f ! re/ ( ! congregation = !     
purpose (  in/ruction 9 a portion ( !   
doctr9e ( ! same *ur* 9 a =eign         
language is n a sep>ation f !           
congregation1 al?\gh x has its  own     
m9i/] & (fic]s47#bbd7 ,:]e an indep5d5t 
congregation ( "o  d5om9ation votes     
unanim\sly to g ov] to ano!r d5om9ation1
 & !  title to ! *ur* prop]ty is 9 !    
p>i% corporation1 ! sec$]s  take ) !m ! 
*ur* prop]ty47#bbe7    99#abe499        
,subord9ate1 ,incorporat$4--,a religi\s 
society subord9ate to  *ur* judicatures1
 :i* decl>es itself indep5d5t & becomes 
incorporat$ "u ! g5]al law ( ! /ate &   
subsequ5tly pur*ases  l& & takes title 9
 ! "n ( ! corporation1 holds su* l&     
indep5d5tly ( su* *ur*                  
judicatures47#bbf7    99#abf499 8,*ur*10
 ,sec$]s1 ,debt4--,:]e a religi\s       

society am5d$  its con/itution z provid$
 !re91 ^? :o adh]$ to ! am5d$           
con/itution con/itut$ ! 8*ur*10 & ^? :o 
refus$ to d s 7  sec$]s47#bbg7 ,aft]    
sec$+1 a memb] ( a p>i% is liable = a   
debt  exi/+ at ! "t ( 8 secession47#bbh7
    99#abg499 ,bible1 ,con/itution1     
,)drawal4--,a religi\s organization t   
takes ! ,bible z its con/itution c n    
decl>e a memb] a sec$] :o  int]prets x  
contr>y to ! ,augsburg ,confession ( !  
d5om9ation47#bbi7 ,:at am\nts to a      
volunt>y )drawal ( memb]s f  a religi\s 
association1 is a "q ( law47#bcj7       
99#abh499 ,majority1 ,obligation4--,!   
fact t a majority ( ! memb]s (  a       
religi\s corporation sec$e !refrom by a 
vote1 does n affect its  obligation     
ent]$ into prior !reto47#bca7 ,two      
factions ( a *ur*  sep>at+ & keep+ up   
diff]5t organizations may bo? /ill reta9
  _! memb]%ip 9 ! d5om9ation47#bcb7     
99#abi499 ,division1 ,funds4--,:]e !re  
is a division 9 a d5om9ation by  !      
secession ( a "p ( ! memb]s f ! "m *ur*1

 !  ,legislature has no au?ority to     
divide ! funds & give a "p to !  sec$+  
division47#bcc7    99#acj499 ,me?odi/1  
,slavehold+1 ,non-,slavehold+1 ,qu>rel1 
,s*ism1  ,secession4--,! division ( !   
,me?odi/ *ur* into di/9ct  organizations
 ( slavehold+ & non-slavehold+ ,/ates1 0
 n a  secession & nei!r division lo/ its
 int]e/ 9 ! common  prop]ty47#bcd7 ,a   
qu>rel 9 a congregation gr[+ out ( an   
illegal  election foll[$ by ! majority  
exclud+ ! m9ority f ! *ur*1  is n a     
s*ism1 & is no gr\nd = a division ( !   
*ur*  prop]ty47#bce7 ,! secession ( a   
:ole congregation does n c>ry )  x !    
*ur* prop]ty2 & ^? :o are left & adh]e  
to ! "m  *ur* reta9 control ( !         
prop]ty47#bcf7 ,:5 ! sec$]s f "o  *ur*  
jo9 ano!r1 !y =feit all claim to any    
int]e/ held by !  =m] & lose id5tity )  
x47#bcg7            ,,*apt] ,,xi4       
,,excommunication      99#aca499        
,def9itions1 ,m9or4--,excommunication1 z
 con/ru$ 9 law1 is !  (ficial ann\ncem5t
 by ! sup]ior au?ority ( ! t]m9ation (  

memb]%ip 9 a religi\s body & ! =feiture 
( spiritual privileges  ( ! *ur*4 ,x is 
"o ( ! me?ods ( discipl9e 9 ! nature (  
expulsion f memb]%ip 9 a frat]nity1 & ! 
fact ( expulsion f  a *ur* is conclusive
 pro( t ! p]son expell$ is n a memb] (  
su* *ur*4 ,:e!r ! excommunication 0     
wrong or n c n be  exam9$ into 9 ! c\rts
 ( ! ,/ate1 & su* expell$ memb] c n     
ma9ta9 a suit 9 relation to *ur* prop]ty
 nor vote = tru/ees47#bch7    99#acb499 
,major ,excommunication4--,z            
excommunication non tol]ati affects  !  
rights ( citiz5%ip1 x is n lawful 9     
,engl& nor ! ,unit$  ,/ates4 ,to say t  
,a4 has be5 excommunicat$ 9 any =m1 if  
untrue1 is  sl&]47#bci7    99#acc499    
,vote1 ,s5t5ce4--,:5 a vote (           
excommunication f a *ur* has  be5 pass$ 
9 ! ,congregational *ur* & ! (f5d] !reby
 decl>$  no long] a memb]1 ! s5t5ce may 
be promulgat$ by be+ read 9 !  pres5ce (
 ! congregation by ! pa/or47#bdj7       
99#acd499 ,tru/ees1 ,disqualifi$4--,!   
tru/ees ( a *ur* :o h be5  excommunicat$

 are n !reby disqualifi$ 9 law to act z 
tru/ees47#bda7    99#ace499 ,devise1    
,void4--,a p>5t may leave money to a    
*ild payable 9  ye>ly in/alm5ts on      
condition t said *ild %all cont9ue to be
 a  memb] ( a p>ticul> *ur* & att5d !   
regul> meet+s !re(1 &  9 case he fail s 
to d t ! beque/ be !reupon paid to a    
mission>y society4 ,su* a devise is n   
contr>y to ! con/itution (  ! ,/ate (   
,wiscons9 & is n void = any o!r         
reason47#bdb7    99#acf499 ,frat]nity1  
,excommunicat$1 ,beque/4--,:]e a *ur*   
memb] 0  also a memb] ( an insurance    
frat]nity connect$ ) 8 *ur*1 !          
con/itution ( :i* requir$ t e memb] ( ! 
frat]nity %\ld  be & rema9 a practical  
,roman ,ca?olic1 :5 he 0 excommunicat$ f
  memb]%ip 9 ! *ur* he !reby =feit$ 8   
b5efit c]tificate 9  su*                
frat]nity47#bdc7 ,also1 a condition t a 
beque/ %all be =feit$  if ! legatee %\ld
 n m>ry a ,prote/ant wife1 ! daught] (  
,prote/ant p>5ts :o h always be5        
,prote/ants1 0 held to be valid  & n an 

infr+em5t ( any con/itutional "r47#bdd7 
99#acg499 ,action1 ,expulsion4--,an     
action c n be ma9ta9$ aga9/ !  p>i%     
corporation = expulsion f ! *ur*47#bde7 
99#ach499 ,=feiture ( ,memb]%ip4--,any  
memb] may =feit 8 memb]%ip  9 a         
*ur*47#bdf7    99#aci499                
,insubord9ation1 ,expulsion1 ,he>+4--,! 
au?orities 9 !  *ur*1 "u its rules &    
discipl9e1 h a "r to exclude memb]s 9  !
 *ur*1 = insubord9ation47#bdg7 ,if !    
*ur* has no rules z to  expulsion (     
memb]s1 ! common law prevails1 & a memb]
 c n be  expell$ )\t due notice & fair  
he>+47#bdh7    99#adj499 ,injunction1   
,m&amus1 ,sepulture4--,an injunction w n
 be  grant$ to prev5t ! expulsion ( a   
memb] contr>y to ! *>t] &  by-laws ( !  
d5om9ation2 b if a memb] be expell$ )\t 
w>rant  ( law1 he has 8 rem$y by m&amus 
= re9/atem5t47#bdi7 ,a p]son :o  has be5
 expell$ c n ma9ta9 an action =         
re/oration 9 ord] to  enjoy ! "r (      
sepulture1 z x is premature47#bej7      
99#ada499 ,expulsion1 ,illegal4--,!     

attempt ( a m9ority ( a *ur* to  expel !
 majority ( ! memb]s & turn ov] !       
prop]ty to ano!r  d5om9ation is illegal4
 ,h[ev]1 ! same w\ld be true if x 7 done
  by ! majority47#bea7    99#adb499     
,fre$om1 ,fai?1 ,doctr9e4--,!           
con/itution 9 decl>+ !  fre$om ( all m5 
to wor%ip ,god accord+ to ! dictates (  
_! own  consci5ces1 does n give a *ur*  
memb] ! "r to repudiate !  fai? &       
doctr9e on :i* ! *ur* 0 f\nd$1 & at !   
same "t  to insi/ on 8 "r to ex]cise &  
enjoy ! b5efits & privileges  ( a memb] 
( su* *ur*47#beb7 ,e p]son jo9+ a *ur*1 
impli$ly1  if n expressly1 agrees to    
con=m to its rules & to submit to its   
au?ority & discipl9e47#bec7 ,a p]son :o 
has be5 expell$ f a  religi\s society c 
n ma9ta9 an action = s]vices r5d]$ !    
society :ile he 0 a memb]47#bed7        
,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,elections              
99#adc499 ,"t1 ,place1 ,void4--,:]e a   
religi\s society t is incorporat$  holds
 an election = tru/ees1 :i* is held at !
 wrong "t or place1  ! election is      

void47#bee7    99#add499 ,vot+1         
,communicants1 ,att5dance4--,a by-law ( 
a *ur* t  prohibit$ any p]son ^: pew r5t
 0 9 arre>s m ?an two ye>s  f vot+ at a 
*ur* meet+1 is valid & reasonable47#bef7
 ,:]e a  *>t] ( a religi\s society all[$
 only memb]s be+ communicants to  vote  
aft] !y _h atta9$ ! age ( eighte5 ye>s1 
to entitle a  memb] ( ! congregation to 
vote x 0 necess>y t he %\ld h  tak5 !   
sacram5ts aft] ! age ( eighte5          
ye>s47#beg7 ,:]e ! "r  to vote 0 limit$ 
to memb]s :o contribut$ n less ?an t5   
%ill+s  annually t[>d ! support ( !     
*ur*1 ^? :o 7 *all5g$ =  want ( comply+ 
) ! rule c n d s aft] be+ *all5g$ &  !n 
vote47#beh7 ,/at$ att5dance at div9e    
wor%ip 9 ! *ur*1  congregation1 or      
society1 & contribution to ! support (  
su* *ur*1  may be made ! te/s ( ! "r ( a
 p]son to be a vot] at an  election4 ,! 
att5dance ( a wife or *ildr5 ( ! family 
is n  suffici5t to conf] ! "r to vote on
 ! husb& or fa!r47#bei7    99#ade499    
,vot]s1 ,poll ,li/4--,p>ol evid5ce is   

admissible to prove !  numb] ( p]sons   
entitl$ to vote 9 a *ur* society1       
not)/&+  t !re is a regi/] ( names ( !  
/at$ he>]s 9 su* *ur*  kept by ! cl]k ( 
! tru/ees4    99#adf499 ,notice1        
,quorum1 ,majority1 ,/rang]s4--,x is n  
necess>y t a  majority ( ! memb]s ( a   
religi\s society be pres5t to con/itute 
a  corporate meet+4 ,^? pres5t at a     
regul>ly call$ meet+ ( :i*  due notice  
has be5 giv5 to all ! memb]s1 con/itute 
a quorum2 &1 9  ! abs5ce ( a rule to !  
contr>y1 a majority ( ! votes ca/       
c>ries any "q47#bfj7 ,! pres5ce (       
/rang]s1 unless !y vote1  w n vitiate ! 
proce$+s4 ,if !y %\ld vote1 unless _!   
votes  det]m9e ! election1 x w n be     
void47#bfa7 ,! ca/+ ( a few  illegal    
votes t w\ld n *ange ! result ( !       
election does n  make x void47#bfb7     
99#adg499 ,*all5ge1 ,gr\nd4--,! "r ( a  
p]son to vote at any meet+  may be      
*all5g$4 ,! prop] "t to *all5ge a vot]  
is :5 he (f]s  8 vote4 ,aft] 8 vote has 
be5 receiv$ x c n be ?r[n out on !      

gr\nd t he 0 disqualifi$47#bfc7 ,a *ur* 
election = :i* due  notice has be5 giv51
 t has be5 fairly conduct$1 & all !     
requirem5ts ( ! /atute or rules ( ! *ur*
 compli$ )1 is  conclusive47#bfd7 ,)\t  
due notice1 all proce$+s are void47#bfe7
    99#adh499 ,by-,laws1 ,usage4--,if   
!re is no law ( a religi\s society      
det]m9+ ! mode ( conduct+ an election1 !
 corporation may  provide by-laws !re=2 
& if ! corporation %\ld fail to make su*
  by-laws1 a long e/abli%$ usage w      
gov]n47#bff7 ,also1 if ! "t an  election
 is to be held is provid$ =1 b ! mann] (
 conduct+ x is  n1 ! meet+ may be       
conduct$ accord+ to e/abli%$            
usage47#bfg7    99#adi499 ,ballot1 ,h&  
,vote4--,! vote ( a religi\s society at 
an annual  meet+ = ! election ( (fic]s t
 ! (fic]s %all always be  *os5 by       
ballot1 does n vitiate an election (    
(fic]s by h& vote at  a subsequ5t annual
 meet+4 ,b a provision 9 ! con/itution  
or  by-laws requir+ a ballot mu/ be     
compli$ )47#bfh7    99#aej499 ,hold     

,ov]1 ,successors4--,:5 ! election ( !  
new tru/ees is  invalid1 ! old tru/ees  
hold ov] until !re w h be5 a valid      
election ( _! successors47#bfi7 ,b :]e a
 bo>d t 0 illegally  elect$ employ$ a   
m9i/] :o _h no notice ( su* illegality1 
he 0  entitl$ to 8 comp5sation accord+  
to ! contract47#bgj7    99#aea499       
,majority1 ,votes ,ca/4--,:]e ! majority
 ( a congregation  prote/$ aga9/ !      
propos$ c&idate1 b fail$ to vote = any  
"o1  su* c&idate :o receiv$ ! greate/   
numb] ( votes ca/1 0  lawfully          
elect$47#bga7    99#aeb499 ,by-,law1    
,tickets4--,:5 a by-law provides t 8if  
besides !  names !re are o!r ?+s ^u !   
tickets1 su* tickets are n to be        
c\nt$10 a ballot hav+ an engrav$ eagle  
on x %\ld be reject$47#bgb7  ,h[ev]1 9 a
 v rec5t case "u a /atute t specifically
 provid$  :at %\ld be pr9t$ on ! g5]al  
election ballot1 & 9 addition  !reto !  
,union ,labor label 0 pr9t$ !reon1 !    
c\rt held t !  /atute %\ld be /rictly   
con/ru$ 9 favor ( ! vot] & t !  ticket  

%\ld be c\nt$47#bgc7            ,,*apt] 
,,xiii4 ,,(fic]s      99#aec499 ,*>t]1  
,by-,laws4--,! articles ( organization  
or ! *>t]  :i* is ! con/itution ( !     
corporation may provide :o may be       
(fic]s ( a religi\s society & limit _!  
au?ority4 ,!  con/itution usually gives 
fur!r au?ority to make by-laws :i* are  
b9d+ on ! (fic]s z well z on !          
memb]s47#bgd7    99#aed499 ,un9corporat$
 ,*ur*1 ,incorporat$4--,! (fic]s ( an   
un9corporat$ *ur* c only be elect$ by ! 
memb]s ( ! *ur*1  unless !re is "s law (
 ! ,/ate or rule ( ! *ur* t provides  = 
appo9t+ !m4 ,9 an incorporat$           
congregation1 ! *>t] &  by-laws ( !     
corporation det]m9e :e!r ! (fic]s %all  
be elect$  or appo9t$47#bge7            
99#aee499 ,tru/ees1 ,control4--,a /atute
 pass$ 9 #ahac provid+ t a  c]tificate (
 incorporation by ! bi%op1 vic>-g5]al1  
pa/or ( !  *ur*1 & two o!rs select$ by  
!m & _! successors %all be a  body      
corporate1 does n con/itute ! tru/ees ! 
corporation 9 place  ( ! congregation s 

z to make ! acts ( a majority ( !       
tru/ees  b9d+ on ! corporation 9 !      
abs5ce ( pro( ( o!r  au?ority47#bgf7 ,"u
 ! /atutes ( ,l\isiana provid+ = !      
incorporation ( congregations = !       
purpose ( adm9i/ration &  rev5ues1 x 0  
held t ! corporation _h full control & 0
  responsible to ! congregation alone & 
c\ld n be control$ by !  cl]gy4 ,!      
congregation _h ! "r to elect o!rs 9 !  
places (  ^? amov$ by reason ( _! misuse
 or abuse ( _! p[]s47#bgg7 ,&  9        
,massa*usetts1 "u ! law = incorporat+   
,ca?olic p>i%es1 no  "o b ! tru/ees h   
any p[]47#bgh7    99#aef499 ,memb]%ip1  
,(fice4--,:]e *ur* memb]%ip is necess>y 
to hold  (fice 9 ! *ur* corporation1 x  
is a b9d+ condition  prec$5t47#bgi7 ,an 
(fic] :o )draws or is expell$ f a       
religi\s  organization !reby t]m9ates 8 
(fice47#bhj7    99#aeg499 ,c]tificate ( 
,election4--,a c]tificate ( election (  
(fic]s is  prima facie evid5ce !re(1 b !
 tru? may be %[n aliunde & a  wrong     
c]tificate may be cancell$ by a judgm5t 

( a compet5t c\rt on a  writ ( quo      
w>ranto or proce$+ "u a /atute ( !      
,/ate4 ,also1  if ! c]tificate does n   
con=m to ! law1 x is insuffici5t47#bha7 
99#aeh499 ,t]m1 ,successors1            
,conte/4--,:]e !re is no t]m ( (fice    
fix$1 ! presumption is t an (fic]       
cont9ues z su* until pro( to  ! contr>y 
is e/abli%$17#bhb7 or until 8 successor 
%all h be5  elect$ & %all h             
qualifi$47#bhc7 ,also1 ! (fic]s elect$ =
 a  c]ta9 t]m c n be amov$ by elect+ new
 (fic]s be=e ! end (  ! t]m47#bhd7 ,:5  
(fic]s or committees h be5 elect$ 8= !  
ensu+ ye>10 !y %all hold (fice until    
sup]s$$ by _! duly  elect$ successors4  
,:]e two sets ( (fic]s 7 elect$ at a    
meet+  ( a religi\s corporation & ! set 
t 0 elect$ accord+ to !  *>t] cont9u$ 9 
(fice by appo9tm5t !reaft]1 x 0 too late
 =  ! irregul>ly elect$ (fic]s to make a
 conte/ = ! (fices aft]  ! t]m = :i* !y 
_h be5 elect$ _h expir$47#bhe7          
99#aei499 ,by-,laws1 ,preside4--,at an  
election ( tru/ees "u by-laws t  provide

 t c]ta9 (fic]s %all preside1 if !re are
 no su* (fic]s  memb]s may be select$ to
 preside 9 _! places47#bhf7    99#afj499
 ,note1 ,ov]draft1 ,int]e/4--,! presid5t
 & secret>y ( a  *ur* corporation h no  
au?ority to make a promissory note      
unless  au?oriz$ by ! bo>d (            
tru/ees47#bhg7 ,nei!r has ! treasur]    
au?ority to make an ov]draft on a bank )
 ! action ( !  tru/ees47#bhh7 ,! tru/ees
 ( a p>i%1 h[ev]1 may make a note b9d+  
! congregation = ! paym5t ( ! money us$ 
9 build+ a  *ur*47#bhi7 ,b :5 ! tru/ees 
h an int]e/ 9 ! transaction1  adv]se to 
! congregation1 !y are disqualifi$ f    
act+47#bij7 ,:5  tru/ees _h claims aga9/
 ! congregation :i* !y includ$ )  o!r   
claims t ?ird p>ties _h aga9/ ! *ur*1 !y
 c\ld n put  !m 9 a judgm5t note s z to 
get a li5 ^u ! *ur* prop]ty4 ,:5  (fic]s
 d n b9d ! congregation1 !y usually b9d 
!mselves47#bia7  ,! tru/ees ( an        
un9corporat$ *ur* c n b9d x beyond !    
express$ p[]s grant$ by ! memb]s47#bib7 
99#afa499 ,bo>d1 ,control4--,:5 ! laws (

 ! organization give control (  matt]s  
to ! bo>d ( tru/ees1 ! majority ( !     
memb]s ( !  *ur* c n control ! action ( 
! tru/ees contr>y to ! usages  &        
regulations ( ! *ur*47#bic7    99#afb499
 ,treasur]1 ,accept+ a ,draft4--,a p>i% 
treasur] has no au?ority  "u any        
condition to b9d ! corporation by       
accept+ a draft 9 favor  ( a ?ird p]son4
 ,a treasur] elect$ = ! purpose (       
receiv+ &  inve/+ funds 9 8 individual  
"n1 holds su* funds z tru/ee =  ! *ur* &
 is subject z su* tru/ee to a c\rt (    
equity4 ,p]sons  claim+ to be tru/ees ( 
a *ur* b nev] gett+ possession ( _!     
(fices or ! prop]ty ( ! *ur*1 c n ma9ta9
 an action aga9/  o!r p]sons :o are 9   
possession & h be5 duly elect$47#bid7   
99#afc499 ,note1 ,tru/ees4--,a *ur* w n 
be b\nd by a note :i* 0  execut$ by two 
( its tru/ees & s5t ar\nd to o!r tru/ees
 to sign  x1 :]e !re 0 no vote ( ! bo>d 
( tru/ees at an au?oriz$  meet+ to borr[
 or to execute su* note47#bie7 ,a meet+ 
( a bo>d mu/  be call$ z requir$ by law 

or ! by-laws ( ! organization1 & 9  !   
abs5ce ( any su* all memb]s mu/ be      
notifi$ a reasonable "t  be=e ! "t fix$ 
= hold+ ! meet+4 ,h[ev]1 if all !       
tru/ees are pres5t & agree to hold a    
meet+ x is valid2 b x w\ld  be well to  
put su* cons5t 9 writ+ & h all ! memb]s 
sign  x47#bif7    99#afd499 ,money1     
,p[]s4--,! treasur] ( a congregation has
 no "r to  return to memb]s mov+ out ( !
 p>i% a "p ( ! money paid =  ! *ur* by  
!m47#big7 ,(fic]s ( a corporation h no  
p[]s only  ^? conf]r$ ^u !m by ! *>t] & 
by-laws ( ! corporation or  by a        
majority vote ( a duly call$ meet+ ( !  
congregation47#bih7 ,:5  ! tru/ees ( a  
*ur* are au?oriz$ to execute contracts =
 !  *ur*1 !y %\ld act z a body or       
delegate ! p[] to "o ( _!  numb] or     
ratify ! acts ( "o ( _! numb]47#bii7 ,! 
individual  disjo9t$ action ( tru/ees ( 
a religi\s society1 at v>i\s times &    
places1 al?\gh ass5t$ to by a majority1 
is n ! action ( !  bo>d1 & is n b9d+ on 
! society4 ,to make ! action ( ! bo>d  (

 tru/ees b9d+1 !y mu/ duly meet & by a  
vote det]m9e _!  action47#cjj7          
99#afe499 ,de ,facto ,(fic]s4--,! acts (
 de facto (fic]s c n  usually be        
que/ion$ 9 a collat]al proce$+1 su* z to
 set aside a  conveyance1 :5 ! m]its ( !
 "q d n involve !  election47#cja7 ,be+ 
elect$ does n alone make a p]son a de   
facto  (fic]2 b he mu/ also be act+ 9 ! 
p>ticul> (fice to :i* he  claims to h   
be5 elect$47#cjb7 ,b "o :o has ent]$    
into a contract  ) ! (fic]s ( a         
congregation is e/opp$ f d5y+ _!        
au?ority to make su* contract47#cjc7    
99#aff499 ,tru/ees1 ,?anks1 ,*>ge4--,:]e
 tru/ees h tak5 c>e ( funds  )\t *>ge1 !
 only entry kept be+ a vote ( ?anks f "t
 to  "t1 !y c\ld n aft]w>d *>ge a       
commission on ! moneys h&l$  by !m = su*
 s]vices47#cjd7    99#afg499            
,discretion1 ,excommunication4--,a c\rt 
has no au?ority to control  ! ex]cise ( 
! judgm5t or discretion ( ! (fic]s ( a  
*ur* 9  ! managem5t ( its funds s long z
 !y d n violate its  con/itution or     

by-laws47#cje7 ,excommunication does n  
always remove an  (fic] ( a *ur*        
corporation47#cjf7 ,! legal rights ( a  
bi%op 9  reg>d to ! temporalities ( a   
*ur* :]e !y are n prescrib$ by  civil   
law1 mu/ re/1 if at all1 ^u !           
ecclesia/ical law1 :i* mu/  be det]m9$  
by evid5ce47#cjg7    99#afh499 ,key1    
,possession1 ,"r4--,hav+ ! key ( a *ur*1
 is prima  facie evid5ce ( possession1 b
 ! "r ( possession is a matt] (         
pro(47#cjh7    99#afi499 ,*ur*1 ,bi%op1 
,debts1 ,sal>y ( a ,prie/4--,:]e a *ur* 
is n  itself liable because x is n      
incorporat$1 ! ,roman ,ca?olic bi%op (  
! diocese is n p]sonally liable = moneys
 borr[$ by ! pa/ors (  su* *ur* 9 ! "n (
 ! *ur*1 :i* 7 p>tly inve/$ 9 real      
e/ate :i* 0 put 9 ! bi%op's "n 9 ! usual
 mann]1 al?\gh  ! bi%op's p]mission 0   
necess>y be=e borr[+ ! money1 &  not)/&+
 t ! bi%op rais$ "s ( ! money to pay "s 
(  ! debts & ! mortgage on ! real e/ate 
( ! *ur* on 8  p]sonal security1 & he   
receiv$ "p ( ! borr[$ funds f a dy+     

pa/or & h&$ x ov] to 8 successor47#cji7 
,also1 a bi%op is n  p]sonally liable = 
! sal>y ( a prie/ :om he engages4 ,!y   
are  fell[ s]vants work+ = ! ,*ur* & n 9
 ! relation ( employ]  & employee any m 
?an are a g5]al & capta9 9 ! same       
army47#caj7    99#agj499 ,note1 ,build+ 
,committee4--,9 an action on a note giv5
 by !  pa/or ( a *ur* = money borr[$ to 
pay bills = ! erection ( !  *ur* build+1
 9 :i* ! pla9tiff s\ght to *>ge ! build+
  committee1 & x appe>$ f ! pla9tiff's  
te/imony t ! title  to ! prop]ty 0 9 !  
bi%op & ! committee did n h&le any (  ! 
funds1 b 0 a %ift+ body to :om ! pa/or  
only w5t = advice  & consultation1 x 0  
held t ! pla9tiff c\ld n recov]47#caa7  
99#aga499 ,fraud1 ,tru/4--,:]e a        
8prophet0 induc$ memb]s ( 8             
organization1 by 8 fraud & deceit1 to   
convey to him all _! prop]ty  9 dis*>ge 
( a religi\s duty & !n refus$ to acc\nt 
to !m1 !  c\rt decl>$ ! tru/ clos$ &    
divid$ ! e/ate among ! memb]s  9        
proportion to ! money1 prop]ty1 & labor 

contribut$ by ea* (  !m47#cab7          
99#agb499 ,sup]ioress1 ,money4--,a p]son
 :o contribut$ money = !  purpose (     
repair+ a conv5t1 ! money be+ turn$ ov] 
to !  sup]ioress & ! conv5t n be+       
incorporat$1 ^u ! project be+  ab&on$   
subsequ5tly a p]sonal judgm5t c\ld n be 
obta9$ aga9/  ! sup]ioress = ! money    
contribut$47#cac7    99#agc499 ,loan1   
,prie/4--,if a man l5ds money to a prie/
 = ! purpose (  pay+ a note aga9/ !     
congregation left at ! bank =           
collection1 he  c recov] ! money s paid 
f ! congregation47#cad7    99#agd499    
,w>d51 ,wages1 ,sexton4--,a *ur* w>d5 :o
 0 hir$ by !  tru/ees ( a *ur* c n      
collect 8 wages by an action aga9/ !    
prie/ ( ! p>i%47#cae7 ,a *ur* accept+ ! 
s]vices ( a sexton is  liable to him    
!re=1 :e!r ! by-laws 7 obs]v$ 9 employ+ 
him  or n2 nor w ! fact t any p>ty 7z 9 
?is case ! ,ladies (  ! ,alt> ,society7 
agre$ to contribute to 8 annual sal>y1  
defeat 8  recov]y ( ! :ole f ! *ur*     
employ+ him47#caf7    99#age499 ,sew+   

,circle1 ,money4--,a *ur* may ma9ta9 an 
action aga9/ a  sew+ circle to require x
 to pay ov] money collect$ = ! b5efit ( 
! *ur*47#cag7            ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 
,,meet+s      99#agf499 ,bus9ess1       
,notice1 ,meet+4--,:]e1 9 ! transaction 
( ! local  bus9ess ( a religi\s society1
 :e!r incorporat$ or n1 meet+s (  !     
memb]s %all become necess>y1 9 ord] to  
make su* meet+s legal  due notice !re(  
%\ld be giv5 to e memb]4 ,! notice %\ld 
specify ! exact "t & place :]e ! meet+ w
 be held1 & no  *ange c be made except  
at su* "t & place4 ,unless "s o!r place 
is specifi$1 ! p>i% *ur* is ! prop]     
place = hold+ meet+s4  ,if ! *ur* %\ld  
be lock$ & ! key c n be f\nd1 a meet+   
%\ld be held at ! door or at ! ne>e/    
practical place to ! *ur*  :]e all !    
memb]s may assemble1 & !n by a majority 
vote !y may  adj\rn to any conv5i5t ne> 
place accessible to all ! memb]s47#cah7 
99#agg499 ,acts1 ,void1 ,lawful1        
,cl]k4--,! acts ( a majority ( ! memb]s 
( a corporation1 unless done accord+ to 

law & 9 con=mity ) !  *>t] & by-laws ( !
 corporation1 are absolutely null &     
void47#cai7  ,! only lawful mann] by :i*
 a congregation c express itself1 is by 
a  meet+ regul>ly call$ & held ^u due   
notice47#cbj7 ,! notice ( a  meet+ %\ld 
be au?oriz$ by ! tru/ees or o!r au?ority
 ( !  *ur*1 & giv5 to all ! memb]s4 ,!  
cl]k ( ! bo>d ( tru/ees1  unless        
au?oriz$ to d s1 has no au?ority to sign
 ! "n ( !  memb]s ( ! bo>d to a notice1 
& a meet+ call$ 9 t way is              
illegal47#cba7    99#agh499 ,special    
,meet+1 ,notice4--,:5 a meet+ is        
special1 ! notice  mu/ /ate = :at       
purpose ! meet+ is call$4 ,if x fails to
 d s x  is void1 & unless all ! memb]s  
are pres5t & cons5t to ! hold+  ( !     
meet+1 all bus9ess transact$ is illegal 
& void47#cbb7 ,notice  ( a special meet+
 t /ates "o specific purpose = :i* x is 
call$1 & !n /ates 8to transact any o!r  
bus9ess t may legally  come be=e !      
meet+10 is n good = any purpose except !
 "o  specifi$47#cbc7    99#agi499       

,meet+1 ,cons5t4--,a valid meet+ c n be 
held by a  corporation1 unless notice   
has be5 giv5 9 con=mity ) ! laws &      
rules & regulations ( ! corporation or !
 cons5t ( e p]son  :o is entitl$ to be  
pres5t at ! hold+ ( su* meet+4 ,9 !     
latt] case ! cons5t %\ld be 9 writ+ &   
sign$ by all !  memb]s47#cbd7 ,h[ev]1 a 
p]son :o att5ds a meet+ & takes "p 9 x  
)\t objection1 is e/opp$ f rais+ ! "q ( 
notice47#cbe7    99#ahj499 ,notice1     
,pr9cipal ,s]vice1 ,cu/om4--,:5 a rule (
 a *ur*  requir$ notice ( a meet+ to be 
giv5 at ! pr9cipal s]vice1 a  notice    
giv5 at an e>li] s]vice only1 0         
void47#cbf7 ,b :]e !  ord9ances ( a *ur*
 specifi$ t ! election ( (fic]s %\ld be 
at lea/ six days be=e ! end ( _! t]m1 & 
x became ! cu/om  ( ! *ur* to hold !    
election on a movable holiday :i*       
sometimes  0 less ?an six days1 !       
election 0 held valid47#cbg7            
99#aha499 ,adj\rnm5t4--,:]e a meet+ 0   
notic$ = "o day & held on  a diff]5t day
 )\t notice ( adj\rnm5t1 all acts done 7

 void &  ! (fic]s elect$ 7 nei!r de jure
 nor de facto (fic]s47#cbh7    99#ahb499
 ,pro( ( ! ,notice4--,! prop] pro( ( !  
notice w\ld be !  return ( ! (fic] s]v+ 
! notice1 9 "s ,/ates2 & 9 o!rs an      
affidavit ( ! p]son :o s]v$ ! notice4 ,!
 pro( ( ! s]vices  ( a summons w\ld be  
suffici5t unless !re is "s o!r law or   
rule to  ! contr>y47#cbi7    99#ahc499  
,presid+ ,(fic]4--,:5 ! laws ( !        
organization provide :o  %all preside at
 a meet+1 b ! m9i/] contr>y to su* laws 
&  aga9/ objections presid$ ov] !       
majority ( ! congregation1 & !  m9ority 
0 presid$ ov] by ! prop] p]son1 & bo?   
elect$  (fic]s1 ! (fic]s elect$ by !    
m9ority 7 ! lawful ones47#ccj7  ,h[ev]1 
:]e a meet+ is presid$ ov] )\t objection
 by a memb]  in/ead ( ! prop] (fic]1 !  
acts ( ! body are lawful47#cca7         
99#ahd499 ,vot]s1 ,rules4--,unless !    
laws ( ! ,/ate o!rwise provide1  e      
religi\s organization has ! "r to       
det]m9e :o %all vote at  its meet+s &   
elections4 ,if ^? provisions are        

reasonable1 !y are  lawful4 ,"u su*     
provisions x has be5 repeat$ly held t   
:]e !re  are rules requir+ annual       
subscriptions to ! *ur*17#ccb7 only ^?  
:o r5t$ & paid = pews1 or ^? :o paid a  
c]ta9 annual tax1 or  ^? :o w5t to      
communion1 7 entitl$ to vote47#ccc7 ,&  
:]e !re  0 no rule1 x 0 held t "o :o has
 n contribut$ to !  *ur*7#ccd7 & p]sons 
:o att5d$ *ur* only occasionally &      
contribut$ only :5 !y att5d$1 7 n       
qualifi$ vot]s47#cce7 ,9  ! la/ case x 0
 /at$ t a qualifi$ vot] is "o :o has    
att5d$  regul>ly dur+ ! ye> & has       
contribut$ to ! support ( !  *ur*4      
99#ahe499 ,quorum1 ,majority4--,a quorum
 ( a congregation usually consi/s (  ^? 
pres5t at a duly call$ regul> meet+1 & a
 majority ( ^?  pres5t is suffici5t to  
c>ry que/ions1 unless by rule or law    
o!rwise  provid$47#ccf7 ,b :]e !re is a 
def9ite body 9 a corporation :i*  has   
e/abli%$ no o!r rule1 a majority ( !    
memb]s ( !  corporation con/itute a     
quorum47#ccg7 ,:]e ! m9utes ( ! cl]k    

/at$ t ^u due notice ! memb]s ( !       
corporation met1 a quorum  is           
presum$47#cch7    99#ahf499 ,votes1     
,*all5ge1 ,inspectors1 ,ca/+ ,vote4--,! 
reception (  illegal votes does n       
invalidate an election unless !y *ange !
  result47#cci7 ,if ! presid+ (fic]     
refuses to all[ a qualifi$ vot]  to     
vote1 ! "r may be en=c$ ?r\gh civil     
c\rts47#cdj7 ,:5 votes  h be5 receiv$   
)\t *all5ge1 x is !n too late to raise !
  objection t ! p]sons h no "r to       
vote47#cda7 ,x is ! duty (  ! inspectors
 to det]m9e ! qualifications ( an       
elector at ! "t  t he (f]s to vote1 &   
be=e he votes2 & if !y decide 9 !       
ex]cise ( _! judgm5t1 )\t malice or     
improp] motives1 !  regul>ity ( !       
election c n be que/ion$47#cdb7 ,:5 a   
rule all[s  ! presid+ (fic] to vote &   
ano!r rule /ates t he %all h  ! ca/+    
vote 9 case ( a tie vote1 he /ill _h !  
"r to ca/ !  decisive vote47#cdc7       
,illegal vot+ 9 a religi\s society      
probably is n  an indictable (f5se1 b x 

is a disord]ly act47#cdd7    99#ahg499  
,writt5 ,notice1 ,pray] ,meet+4--,:]e a 
five days' writt5 notice  is requir$ to 
hold *ur* meet+s1 an oral notice giv5 on
 ,sunday  ev5+ at ! pray] meet+ is n    
suffici5t = a meet+ on !  foll[+        
,w$nesday4 ,b a vote tak5 on ,sunday to 
hire ! m9i/] &  fix 8 sal>y1 is n       
void47#cde7 ,*ur*es & b5efit societies1 
su* z  insurance frat]nities1 be+       
*>itable organizations1 may d bus9ess   
conc]n+ su* association on              
,sunday47#cdf7    99#ahh499 ,expulsion1 
,damages4--,a man :o has be5 wrongfully 
expell$ f a  temp]ance society =        
religi\s reasons may recov] damages     
!re=47#cdg7            ,,*apt] ,,xv4    
,,*ur* ,,records      99#ahi499         
,evid5ce1 ,entries1 ,m9utes4--,! record 
( ! proce$+s ( a  religi\s society is   
evid5ce z to its do+s1 bo? 9 its own    
tribunals  & ! c\rts ( ! ,/ate4 ,su*    
record consi/s ( entries requir$ to  be 
made by ! laws or rules ( ! society1 !  
laws ( ! ,/ate1 &  ! m9utes adopt$ by ! 

society4 ,!re=e1 x is ( ! greate/       
importance t x be kept ) great          
exactness1 omitt+ no?+ t is             
important47#cdh7 ,also1 ! m9utes ( all !
 meet+s %\ld be correct  be=e be+ duly  
adopt$4 ,all erasures & int]l9eations   
%\ld be  c]tifi$ by ! cl]k & !n sign$ by
 him4    99#aij499 ,uni=mity4--,e entry 
requir$ to be kept by ! laws ( !  ,/ate 
z well z ! rules ( ! ,*ur*1 %\ld be kept
 z to bir?s1  m>riages1 & dea?4 ,e      
diocese %\ld h uni=m record books 9  all
 p>i%es & e pa/or %\ld keep blanks pr9t$
 9 ! =m ( a  page ( ! record book1 to   
issue c]tificates :5 requir$4           
99#aia499 ,m>riage1 ,dea?1 ,baptism1    
,bir?1 ,*ur* ,records4--,! *ur*  records
 duly kept 9 accordance ) ! discipl9e ( 
! *ur*1 are  admissible 9 evid5ce to    
prove m>riage1 dea?1 & baptism4 ,:]e !  
record is incomplete1 z giv+ ! date (   
baptism only1 x is n  admissible 9 pro( 
( date ( bir?4 ,b if x gives ! date (   
bir?1  x is prima facie pro( !re(47#cdi7
    99#aib499 ,c]tifi$ ,copies4--,"u    

/atutes1 c]tifi$ copies ( ! record  made
 by ! cu/odian !re( are admissible 9    
evid5ce 9 any case :]e  ! orig9al w\ld  
be admissible4 ,also1 "o :o _h comp>$ a 
copy )  ! orig9al record may te/ify to !
 same4 ,! rule1 z giv51  sub/antially   
prevails "u /atutes 9 ! foll[+ ,/ates3  
,alabama1  ,georgia1 ,ill9ois1 ,indiana1
 ,kansas1 ,k5tucky1 ,l\isiana1 ,m>yl&1  
,m9nesota1 ,miss\ri1 ,oklahoma1         
,p5nsylvania1 ,rhode ,isl&1 & ,wiscons92
  & also1 9 ,ont>io1 ,manitoba1 & !     
,dom9ion ( ,canada4    99#aic499 ,rule (
 ,admissibility4--,a c]tifi$ copy ( !   
record ( a  baptism tak5 f a *ur* regi/]
 by ! p>i% prie/1 :5 admissible  at !   
place :]e su* record is kept1 z 9       
,irel&1 is admissible to  prove ! same  
fact 9 ! ,/ate ( ,miss\ri47#cej7        
99#aid499 ,prop] ,record4--,a book kept 
by a m9i/]1 :i* conta9$ a  regul>       
/atem5t 9 prop] =m ( ! admission (      
memb]s1 *oice (  (fic]s1 & transaction (
 bus9ess ( ! *ur*1 :i* 0 ! only  book   
kept by ! p>i%1 is ! prop] record ( !   

*ur*47#cea7    99#aie499 ,"n1           
,record4--,! au?or w\ld l to emphasize !
 importance  ( correct records4         
,frequ5tly we f9d no ,*ri/ian "n giv5 9 
!  records ( bir?1 :i* practically makes
 ! record wor?less4 ,:5 a  *ild is born 
x is entitl$ to a "n1 imm$iately1 :i*   
%\ld be giv5  & be correct4 ,at lea/ !  
fir/ ,*ri/ian "n %\ld be correct2 a     
mi/ake 9 a middle "n is n mat]ial4 ,?is 
is true ( de$s &  records ( all k9ds1 b 
practically ( bir?s1 dea?s1 &           
m>riages47#ceb7            ,,*apt]      
,,xvi4 ,,*ur* ,,tribunals      99#aif499
 ,jurisdiction1 ,privileges4--,x is     
usual = e frat]nity to  h a tribunal (  
its own = ! trial ( memb]s :o break its 
laws or  violate its discipl9e4 ,)9 _!  
jurisdiction1 ! laws ( ! ,/ate  give su*
 tribunals great privileges & c\rts %[  
!m great respect4  ,! ,freemasons1 !    
,knights ( ,columbus1 etc41 & mo/ ( !   
*ur*es1  h su* c\rts47#cec7    99#aig499
 ,trial1 ,prop]ty1 ,prie/4--,9 mo/ ( !  
,/ates a c\rt w n  int]f]e ) ! fair     

trial ( a *ur* tribunal4 ,nei!r w ! c\rt
  ent]ta9 a controv]sy conc]n+ ! title  
or "r ( possession (  real or p]sonal   
prop]ty except+ at ! in/ance ( "s p]son 
claim+ a "r !reto d]iv$ f or recogniz$  
by ! law ( !  ,/ate or ( ! ,unit$       
,/ates47#ced7 ,b :5 ! bi%op has depriv$ 
a  subord9ate prie/ ( 8 au?ority to     
(ficiate z su*1 he may enjo9  ! prie/ f 
mak+ use ( ! *ur* prop]ty47#cee7        
99#aih499 ,d\bt1 ,legal ,rights4--,!    
=ego+ rule has "s d\bt ca/ on x  9      
,delaw>e & ,massa*usetts4 ,!            
inve/igation ( a dispute betwe5  memb]s 
( a *ur* by a committee accord+ to *ur* 
regulations1  cons5t$ to by ! p>ties1 9 
:i* bo? take "p1 c h no effect  on _!   
legal rights4 ,if ! ,/ate law provides =
 cases ( ! k9d1 x  is sup]ior & mu/ be  
submitt$ to4 ,also1 an aw>d or proce$+ (
 a  committee is n evid5ce = or aga9/   
ei!r p>ty4 ,h[ev]1 any  /atem5t made1 or
 admissions ( ! p>ties1 if n ( a        
recogniz$  confid5tial nature1 may be   
giv5 9 evid5ce on ! trial 9 a c\rt (  ! 

,/ate47#cef7 ,! judgm5t ( a mutual      
ecclesia/ical c\ncil legally  convok$ w 
n b9d ei!r p>ty reject+ x47#ceg7        
99#aii499 ,bi%op1 ,prie/1 ,r$ress4--,:5 
a bi%op removes a prie/ 9 !  regul> way 
accord+ to ! rules & discipl9e ( 8 *ur*1
 !  prie/ has no r$ress47#ceh7 ,also1 :5
 a prie/ has submitt$ 8 case to  ! *ur* 
tribunal accord+ to ! discipl9e ( 8     
*ur*1 he mu/  abide by its decision1    
except+ :]e 8 civil rights or prop]ty   
rights  z a citiz5 are involv$1 :5 he   
may appeal to ! laws ( !  l&47#cei7     
99#bjj499 ,trial1 ,c\nsel4--,! "q :e!r a
 m9i/] on trial 9 a  *ur* tribunal is   
entitl$ to be he>d by c\nsel or         
attorneys dep5ds  ^u ! laws ( ! *ur*1 & 
x c n be said z a matt] ( law  t he is  
entitl$ to c\nsel47#cfj7    99#bja499   
,removal1 ,susp5sion1 ,trial4--,9 !     
,unit$ ,/ates "u ! laws  & discipl9e ( !
 ,ca?olic ,*ur* a prie/ may be remov$ f 
!  *>ge ( a congregation at ! pleasure (
 ! bi%op1 )\t trial2 b  he c n be       
susp5d$ f 8 prie/ly functions )\t       

specific  accusation & trial47#cfa7     
99#bjb499 ,*>ges1 ,fair ,trial1 ,he>say 
,evid5ce4--,:5 a cl]gyman or  (fic] is  
to be remov$ or a memb] ( ! congregation
 is to be  excommunicat$1 x is necess>y 
to fully /ate ! *>ges aga9/ him &  give 
him an opportunity = a fair trial       
accord+ to ! laws & rules  ( ! religi\s 
society be=e r5d]+ f9al judgm5t4 ,all ! 
allegations ( ! compla9t %\ld be made ^u
 positive k ( !  compla9ant or ^u       
evid5ce t is admissible to prove ! case 
9  c\rt4 ,rumor or gossip1 kn[n z m]e   
he>say evid5ce1 is n suffici5t  to base 
a *>ge aga9/ ! "* ( any "o47#cfb7       
99#bjc499 ,trial1 ,te/imony1 ,sl&]4--,a 
*ur* judgm5t1 :]e !re has  be5 a full & 
fair trial or :5 memb]s submit to ! *ur*
 tribunal1  & ! judgm5t has only be5    
rebuke1 c5sure1 susp5sion1 or           
excommunication1 is usually upheld by ! 
c\rts2 & :5 ! te/imony  giv5 on su*     
trial is conc]n+ immoral or sc&al\s     
conduct or crime1  if ^? tak+ "p act 9  
good fai? & )9 ! scope ( !  au?ority ( !

 *ur*1 !y are protect$ by law & n liable
 to an  action = damages = libel or     
sl&]47#cfc7    99#bjd499 ,rem$ies1      
,secul> ,c\rts4--,9 cases involv+ *ur*  
doctr9e &  discipl9e only1 all rem$ies  
)9 ! *ur* mu/ be exhau/$ by a  memb]    
be=e ! secul> c\rts w int]f]e1 if !y w  
int]f]e at  all47#cfd7    99#bje499     
,notice1 ,waiv]4--,:5 ! laws ( ! *ur*   
provide ! tribunal  & proc$ure1 if !    
p]son proce$$ aga9/ avoids ! s]vice ( ! 
notice or refuses to submit to ! c\rt1 !
 notice ( trial requir$ to  be s]v$     
might !reby be consid]$ waiv$ & !       
tribunal might  proce$ ) ! trial 9 !    
abs5ce ( ! accus$47#cfe7    99#bjf499   
,appeal1 ,decision1 ,limitation4--,! "r 
to appeal f "o c\rt  to ano!r ( high]   
jurisdiction is g5]ally recogniz$47#cff7
 ,if aft]  trial 9 ! l[] tribunal ( !   
,*ur*1 an appeal is tak51 !  decision on
 ! appeal is b9d+ ^u ! p>ties & also ^u 
!  inf]ior tribunal47#cfg7 ,9 !         
,anglican & "s o!r *ur*es1 !re is  no   
limitation z to "t :5 (f5ses aga9/ !    

discipl9e ( !  *ur* may be inquir$      
into47#cfh7    ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* has a  
limitation z to prescriptive rights1    
to-wit3  8,?ree ye>s 9 case ( movable   
prop]ty2 t5 ye>s 9 case ( a "r1 or  (   
immovable prop]ty1 int] praes5tes2 tw5ty
 ye>s 9 ! same case1  int]              
abs5tes407#cfi7 ,also1 !re are          
limitations 9 canonical cases1  v>y+ f  
"o to tw5ty ye>s47#cgj7 ,!re is no      
/atute ( limitation  on lawful debts4   
99#bjg499 ,proc$ure1 ,judge1 ,juror1    
,witness4--,if !re are no rules (       
proc$ure prescrib$ by ! *ur* tribunal1 !
 prop] practice is to  foll[ ! ,/ate    
c\rts2 z1 = example1 :]e ! ,/ate law    
=bids an  (fic] ( ! c\rt :o has an      
int]e/ 9 ! proce$+ to sit z judge  or   
juror1 ! same w\ld apply to ! *ur*      
tribunal1 x be+ ! common  law ( ! l&4   
,also1 9 ,/ates :]e a p]son :o is       
int]e/$ 9 a  matt] is n a compet5t      
witness1 9 ! abs5ce ( a diff]5t rule 9  
! *ur*1 ! same rule w\ld apply 9 ! *ur* 
tribunal47#cga7    99#bjh499 ,ca?olic   

,discipl9e4--,a *ur* memb] has no "r to 
sue any "o  9 holy ord]s 9 ! civil c\rt 
)\t leave4 ,t is1 a layman or  prie/    
%\ld obta9 leave ( ! bi%op to sue a     
prie/4 ,9 "s  c\ntries x is gr\nd =     
excommunication to violate ! rule4 ,?is 
rule  is analog\s to ! g5]al rule t a   
sov]eign /ate c n be su$  )\t its       
cons5t47#cgb7 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e !re is 
no  ecclesia/ical c\rt recogniz$ 9 law1 
leave is r>ely ask$47#cgc7              
,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,/ate ,,c\rts          
99#bji499 ,decision1 ,ecclesia/ical     
,matt]4--,! decision ( ! highe/         
tribunal ( ! *ur* on a purely           
ecclesia/ical matt] w n be  di/urb$ by  
civil c\rts unless x is 9 op5 defiance &
 express  violation ( ! con/itution (   
su* body47#cgd7    99#baj499 ,"r (      
,prop]ty1 ,civil ,rights4--,:]e !re are 
sev]al *ur*  tribunals "o above ano!r1  
:5 ! highe/ tribunal hav+ jurisdiction  
( ! case has decid$ a "q z to ! "r (    
prop]ty1 a civil  c\rt w accept su*     
decision ( ! *ur* tribunal z            

conclusive47#cge7  ,! c\rts give way to 
! usages & regulations ( ! *ur* s f> z  
!y are n inconsi/5t ) ! con/itution &   
laws ( !  ,/ate47#cgf7 ,z f> z civil    
rights are conc]n$1 ! /atute (          
limitations may be plead$ ev5 :]e ^?    
rights are f\nd$ ^u "s  law or rule ( ! 
d5om9ation47#cgg7    99#baa499 ,cre$1   
,factions1 ,prop]ty1 ,managem5t4--,!    
supreme c\rt  ex]cises no ecclesia/ical 
jurisdiction1 b accepts :at ! highe/    
ecclesia/ical au?ority 9 ea* *ur*       
promulgates z ! fai? &  practice ( t    
*ur*1 & w n det]m9e = itself :at t fai? 
or cre$ is 9 ord] to e/abli% ! rights ( 
respective factions 9 !  *ur* to ! *ur* 
prop]ty4 ,b a majority ( a congregation 
t  sec$es f ! *ur* & =ms a new          
organization c n claim any (  !         
prop]ty47#cgh7 ,! civil c\rts w n       
int]f]e ) *ur*  managem5t s f> z conc]ns
 ! spiritual discipl9e ( ! memb]s1 b    
:]e civil rights ( prop]ty are involv$1 
! c\rts may det]m9e  !m47#cgi7 ,! civil 
rights ( a religi\s society or its      

memb]s are  )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,/ate 
c\rts47#chj7    99#bab499 ,tru/1 ,c\rt (
 ,equity4--,a conveyance 9 tru/ = ! use 
( a  *ur* ve/s ! use 9 ! *ur* & x w be  
protect$ by a c\rt (  equity47#cha7     
99#bac499 ,injunction1 ,clos+ ,*ur*1    
,pay+ ,money1 ,di/urbances4--,a c\rt  ( 
equity w issue an injunction aga9/ !    
tru/ees ( a *ur* f  wrongfully clos+ x  
or keep+ x clos$ ev5 aga9/ a small      
m9ority47#chb7 ,*ur* prop]ty ve/$ 9     
tru/ees ( a religi\s body is  held "u   
tru/ & a c\rt ( equity has jurisdiction 
to en=ce !  tru/47#chc7 ,a c\rt ( equity
 may re/ra9 ! tru/ees ( a *ur* f  pay+  
money to a duly depos$ m9i/]47#chd7 ,b a
 c\rt ( equity w  n int]f]e to quell    
religi\s di/urbances :5 no "q z to      
prop]ty or civil rights is involv$4 ,!  
bo>d ( tru/ees ( a *ur*  c n remove a   
prie/ aga9/ ! w ( ! congregation47#che7 
99#bad499 ,suits1 ,p>ties4--,:]e a numb]
 ( p]sons h contribut$ to !  erection ( 
a *ur*1 x is n necess>y = all :o        
contribute to jo9  9 an action to re/ra9

 a sale ( ! prop]ty = m]cantile         
purposes47#chf7 ,any memb] ( a *ur* n   
incorporat$ may come into a  c\rt (     
equity 9 behalf ( himself & o!rs & en=ce
 ! execution  ( a tru/ 9 favor ( !      
*ur*47#chg7 ,! same rule w\ld apply to a
  *ur* :]e any "o 9 au?ority is violat+ 
! law47#chh7 ,if sev]al  congregations (
 a diocese are int]e/$ 9 litigation1 to 
hold all !  prop]ty ( ! diocese liable =
 ! debt ( a p>i%1 ea* congregation  is  
entitl$ to be made a p>ty47#chi7        
99#bae499 ,compla9t4--,a compla9t t !   
pla9tiffs hold "o doctr9al  /&>d & !    
def5dants ano!r is suffici5tly def9ite  
)\t  expla9+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 !        
two47#cij7    99#baf499 ,*ur* ,tribunal1
 ,c\rts4--,c\rts are reluctant to       
int]f]e 9 !  *ur* doctr9e or discipl9e  
or inquire into ! regul>ity ( !         
proce$+s ( ! *ur* tribunal4 ,:5 su*     
tribunal has depos$ a  pa/or or expell$ 
a memb]1 x is f9al4 ,h[ev]1 9 contracts1
 prop]ty  rights1 & civil rights ( a    
citiz51 ! c\rts take jurisdiction4 ,x is

  no def5se to a pa/or's expulsion t !re
 is sal>y due him47#cia7    99#bag499   
,un9corporat$ ,congregation1 ,actions1  
,int]e/4--,an un9corporat$  congregation
 may be su$ on contract 9 its associate 
capacity1 ?\gh no  p]sons are nam$ z    
tru/ees or committeeman47#cib7 ,9 all   
actions by or  aga9/ a congregation !   
civil c\rts w n p]mit suits to be       
br\ght by compla9ants :o h no int]e/    
ei!r legal or equitable 9  !            
temporalities ( ! *ur*47#cic7 ,a suit   
aga9/ a society ( ,%ak]s  consi/+ (     
indef9ite memb]%ip ) *ang+ additions1   
)drawals1  & dea?s1 ^: prop]ty is held 9
 common )\t any individual  int]e/1 may 
prop]ly be br\ght 9 equity z ! rem$y at 
law w\ld be  inadequate47#cid7          
99#bah499 ,blasphemy1 ,sabba?1 ,"l's    
,pray]1 ,bible4--,*ri/ianity is a "p  ( 
! common law ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 x is on 
?is gr\nd t  blasphemy & violation ( !  
,sabba? are made crim9al (f5ses & t  !  
,"l's ,pray] & ! ,bible are us$ 9 !     
s*ools47#cie7            ,,*apt]        

,,xviii4 ,,evid5ce      99#bai499       
,judicial ,notice4--,a *ur* takes       
judicial notice )\t pro( (  its own     
rules1 laws1 & doctr9es4 ,e o!r fact    
%\ld be prov$  accord+ to ! rules (     
evid5ce ( ! *ur*1 & 9 ! abs5ce ( a  *ur*
 rule ! foll[+ rules ( ! c\rts ( ?is    
c\ntry %\ld  prevail3    #a4 ,no?+ %\ld 
be admitt$ 9 evid5ce unless x directly  
proves or  disproves an evid5ti>y fact  
=m+ a l9k ( a *a9 ( facts t w  prove a  
fact 9 issue4    #b4 ,x is suffici5t to 
prove ! sub/ance ( ! issue1 unless !    
exact  ^w or ?+ =ms ! issue4    #c4 ,!  
burd5 ( pro( is on ! "o :o ass]ts !     
fact1 :e!r x is  /at$ affirmatively or  
negatively1 & its pro( is necess>y to 8 
mak+ a case4    #d4 ,! be/ evid5ce t !  
case 9 its nature af=ds mu/ be produc$4 
#e4 ,m]e he>say evid5ce %all n be all[$1
 except+3    7a7 ,matt]s ( public or    
g5]al int]e/4    7b7 ,decl>ation aga9/  
int]e/4    7c7 ,dy+ decl>ations4    7d7 
,! te/imony ( witnesses s9ce dead or    
abs5t4    7e7 ,admissions4    7f7       

,confessions4    99#bbj499 ,compet5t    
,witness4--,ev]ybody :o has ! use (     
reason &  und]/&s ! import ( an oa? is a
 compet5t witness4    99#bba499         
,confessions1 ,secret ,societies4--,at  
common law1 confessions 7  admissible2 b
 !re is no case 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates s9ce  
#ahac :]e !  c\rt has s5t a prie/ to    
jail = contempt = refus+ to disclose a  
confession1 & no case 9 :i* a prie/     
disclos$ a confession4  ,imm$iately aft]
 a prie/ 0 committ$ = contempt = refus+ 
to  divulge ! secrets ( ! confessional1 
9 #ahac1 ,new ,york enact$ !  foll[+    
law3 8,no m9i/] ( ! gospel1 or prie/ (  
any d5om9ation  :atsoev]1 %all be all[$ 
to disclose any confession made to him 9
 8  pr(essional "*1 9 ! c\rse (         
discipl9e enjo9$ by ! rules  or practice
 ( su* d5om9ation40 ,a simil> law has   
be5 adopt$ 9 !  foll[+ ,/ates &         
,t]ritories3 ,alabama1 ,arizona1        
,cali=nia1 ,colorado1  ,idaho1 ,i[a1    
,kansas1 ,k5tucky1 ,mi*igan1 ,miss\ri1  
,nebraska1 ,nevada1 ,nor?  ,dakota1     

,ohio1 ,new ,york1 ,oklahoma1 ,s\?      
,dakota1 ,utah1 ,wa%+ton1  ,wiscons91   
,wyom+1 & ,hawaii4 ,! secrets ( a secret
 society are n  privileg$1 & a memb] z a
 witness mu/ answ] all relevant que/ions
  9 c\rt47#cif7    99#bbb499 ,privilege1
 ,answ]4--,:5 a "q conc]n+ a matt]      
privileg$  is put1 ! prie/ %\ld say3 8,i
 claim my privilege z a cl]gyman &  ask 
! c\rt n to require me to answ]02       
8,:atev] he said conc]n+  ! matt]1 0    
said to me 9 ! confessional z a prie/02 
8,i talk$  ) him ab\t ! matt] only 9 my 
pr(essional capacity z a prie/ &        
confessor02 8,i did n speak to him ab\t 
! matt] except 9 my  confid5tial        
capacity z prie/20 or a simil> /atem5t t
 sets up !  cl]gyman's privilege )\t    
giv+ facts4 ,a cl]gyman %\ld n say3     
8,he confess$ x to me10 or 8,he told x  
to me 9 confession10 or give any  o!r   
answ] t implies :at 0 said 9 confession1
 z jurors are  always wat*+ = a h9t (   
:at 0 said4 ,nei!r %\ld ! prie/  say1   
8,i refuse to answ]10 )\t /at+ t he     

refuses because ( 8  privilege z a      
cl]gyman4 ,! trial judge or ! attorneys 
try+ ! case  may put prop] que/ions to  
det]m9e :e!r ! in=mation 0 giv5  !      
witness 9 ! confessional or 9 8 capacity
 z confessor47#cig7    99#bbc499        
,admissions1 ,false                     
,/atem5ts4--,admissions or /atem5ts made
 to a  cl]gyman n 9 8 capacity (        
confid5tial advis] or 9 ! c\rse (       
discipl9e1 are n privileg$47#cih7 ,nei!r
 are false /atem5ts made to  a committee
 inve/igat+ *>ges2 b all /atem5ts made  
to su* a  committee or an (fic] ( !     
*ur*1 unless false & made ) malice1  are
 privileg$47#cii7    99#bbd499 ,anonym\s
 ,lett]1 ,cl]gyman4--,:]e a prie/       
receiv$ an anonym\s  lett] alleg$ to h  
be5 writt5 by a def5dant1 :i* he read to
 h]1  he 0 n disqualifi$ f te/ify+ t %e 
0 excit$ & t %e  /at$ %e _h no idea h[ !
 fire />t$1 & t ! lett] 0  unkn[n to h]1
 etc47#djj7 ,! m]e fact t a             
communication is made to a  cl]gyman    
does n make x privileg$4 ,x is privileg$

 only :5 made 9  confid5ce ( ! relation 
& "u su* circum/ances z to imply t  x   
%\ld =ev] rema9 a secret 9 ! brea/ ( !  
confid5tial  advis]47#dja7 ,:5 a matt]  
is privileg$1 x is n left to ! witness  
:e!r or n he %all te/ify conc]n+ x2 b he
 c n te/ify  )\t ! cons5t ( ! o!r       
p>ty47#djb7    99#bbe499 ,voire         
,dire4--,:]e a prie/ made a prelim9>y   
exam9ation ( a  woman to asc]ta9 h]     
m5tal capacity to make a confession1 h] 
answ]s  9 su* prelim9>y exam9ation 7    
admissible 9 a conte/ on a w2  b h]     
confession 0 n admissible47#djc7        
99#bbf499 ,engl&1 ,confession4--,! rule 
is n[ accord$ prie/s 9 ,engl&1  b 0 n   
=m]ly4 ,:]e a prie/ turn$ a wat* ov] to 
its own]1 !  c\rt ord]$ him1 "u pa9 (   
contempt1 to tell :]e he got !          
wat*47#djd7 ,b 9 ano!r case x 0 held t a
 prie/ ne$ n divulge  ! confession ( a  
def5dant :o 0 held = crime47#dje7       
99#bbg499 ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,rules4--,9 !  
,unit$ ,/ates c\rts1 ! rule  prevails t 
su* confid5tial communications to a     

prie/ %all n be  divulg$47#djf7         
99#bbh499 ,presumptions1 ,usage4--,!    
usage ( a *ur* or ! laws ( its          
organization z a religi\s society1 if !y
 are to be consid]$ 9  decid+ legal     
controv]sies1 mu/ be prov$ z            
facts47#djg7 ,9 ! abs5ce  ( pro(1 x w be
 presum$ t subord9ate bodies1 z         
congregations1  c n dissolve _!         
connection ) ! pr9cipal organization )\t
  p]mission47#djh7    99#bbi499 ,fun]al 
,exp5ses4--,witnesses' op9ions z to !   
reasonable am\nt  = burial or z to ! co/
 ( a fun]al be+ reasonable1 are n  b9d+ 
on a c\rt or jury4 ,! /ation ( a man1 ! 
prop]ty t he  leaves1 ! life t he has   
foll[$1 all %\ld be consid]$ by !  c\rt4
 ,! :ims & notions ( societies & o!rs   
are ( m9or  consid]ation4 ,^? :o make   
fun]al exp5ses t are n all[$ by !  c\rt 
mu/ pay !m47#dji7            ,,*apt]    
,,xix4 ,,contracts      99#bcj499       
,bus9ess1 ,religi\s ,s]vice4--,a *ur*   
organization has ! legal  "r to make any
 contract conc]n+ its own affairs t is n

  prohibit$ by its by-laws or its *>t]1 
subject to all laws ( legal  contracts 9
 ! bus9ess _w4 ,:5 ! consid]ation is a  
religi\s  s]vice duly p]=m$1 !re seems  
to be no objection to x4 ,!re=e1 a      
m9i/] may collect = prea*+ a s]mon1     
att5d+ ! sick1 or say+  pray]s1 or p]=m+
 any o!r religi\s s]vice4 ,b an         
incorporat$  *ur* has no au?ority to    
ent] into a contract = an ult]ior       
purpose1  su* z ! employm5t ( a vessel =
 ! purpose ( an excursion47#daj7        
99#bca499 ,incorporat$ ,body4--,! only  
way a religi\s society t is  incorporat$
 c make a contract is by a vote ( !     
aggregate body or (  ! bo>d ( tru/ees1  
or ?r\gh an ag5t au?oriz$ by a vote ( "o
  body or ! o!r47#daa7    99#bcb499     
,mortgage1 ,defici5cy ,judgm5t4--,:]e a 
mortgage _h be5  =eclos$ aga9/ *ur*     
prop]ty be=e ! congregation 0           
incorporat$1 a defici5cy judgm5t c n be 
r5d]$ aga9/ su*  *ur* corporation47#dab7
 ,b :]e a congregation 0 incorporat$    
aft] a  debt _h be5 incurr$ & took *>ge 

( ! prop]ty1 x assum$ !  debt47#dac7    
99#bcc499 ,build+ ,contracts4--,! tak+  
"p 9 a meet+ by vot+ &  appo9t+         
committees to make contracts w b9d ^?   
tak+ "p 9 all  contracts made 9         
accordance ) ! directions ( su* meet+4  
,9 "s  ,/ates ! individuals are held    
only to ! am\nt t ea* subscribes1  b 9  
o!r ,/ates ea* individual is liable = ! 
entire debt47#dad7    99#bcd499         
,individual ,promise1 ,subscriptions1   
,signature4--,an individual  promise to 
give a donation to *>ity1 c n be        
en=c$47#dae7 ,b  subscriptions to build 
a *ur* or o!r *>itable in/itution or to 
pay  ! sal>y ( a cl]gyman :5 sign$ by m 
?an "o p]son1 h be5  held b9d+ 9 "s     
cases on ! disput$ rule (               
a-promise-=-a-promise                   
consid]ation47#daf7 ,9 ! =ego+ cases !  
donor might revoke 8  subscription or 9 
case ( 8 dea? 8 e/ate w\ld n be         
liable47#dag7  ,h[ev]1 :5 exp5ses h be5 
made or /eps tak5 9 ! c>ry+ out  ( !    
object ( ! subscriptions1 ! g5]al rule  

is t !  subscriptions become b9d+       
contracts47#dah7 ,if ! object ( !       
subscriptions be ab&on$ or *ang$ )\t !  
cons5t ( !  subscrib]1 he is !reby      
releas$4 ,a promissory note giv5 = !    
subscription1 unless negotiat$ = value 9
 due c\rse ( trade1 does n  *ange !     
=ego+ rules47#dai7 ,:]e _m p]sons       
subscrib$ to build a  *ur* & "s ( !m    
fail$ to pay1 "o :o paid br\ght an      
action on  behalf ( himself & o!rs &    
collect$ ! unpaid subscriptions47#dbj7  
,! def5dant ,nalty sign$ 8,nalty        
,family1 #a1jjj10 b he 0 held  p]sonally
 liable47#dba7    99#bce499 ,special    
,purpose1 ,suit4--,:5 money is subscrib$
 = a special  purpose1 z = rebuild+ a   
*ur*1 x belongs to ! *ur*  organization2
 & 9 a suit to recov] ! money ! action  
%\ld be  br\ght 9 ! "n ( ! corporation1 
if incorporat$1 & if n  incorporat$ x   
%\ld be br\ght 9 ! "n ( ! int]e/$       
p>ty47#dbb7    99#bcf499 ,promise1      
,consid]ation4--,a promise made by !    
own] ( l& to a  tru/ee = ! b5efit ( a   

religi\s society1 t he w\ld convey !  l&
 to su* society if x w\ld build a *ur*  
!reon1 is a good &  lawful consid]ation2
 & aft] "w 0 begun on ! *ur*1 ! contract
  0 en=ceable 9 a c\rt ( equity47#dbc7  
,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,pews      99#bcg499     
,sold1 ,r5t$4--,prior to ! ,re=mation   
pews 7 n sold nor  r5t$ & e memb] _h !  
"r to sit :]ev] he pleas$ 9 !  body ( ! 
*ur*4 ,aft] ! ,re=mation1 ! ord9>y or   
bi%op 0  grant$ ! "r ( 8faculty0 to r5t 
or sell pews47#dbd7    99#bch499        
,incorporeal ,h]$itam5t4--,! ,engli%    
title 9 a pew is 9 !  nature ( a "r (   
way ?r\gh ano!r's l&2 x is an           
incorporeal  h]$itam5t4 ,9 ! abs5ce (   
express law1 ! title to pews 9 ?is      
c\ntry is said to be 9 ! nature ( real  
e/ate1 & 9 fact n v  diff]5t f ! ,engli%
 title47#dbe7 ,9 "s ,/ates ! title is   
made  p]sonal prop]ty by /atute47#dbf7  
,& 9 o!rs ! c\rts h inquir$  into ! law 
( ! *ur* & adjudg$ ! title              
accord+ly47#dbg7 ,!  g5]al rule is t !  
own] ( a pew simply has an              

easem5t47#dbh7    99#bci499 ,ca?olic    
,*ur*1 ,pew ,rights4--,9 ! ,ca?olic     
,*ur*1 by ! canon  law1 ! own]%ip 9 or  
control ov] a pew is =bidd5 to laym54   
,not)/&+ t1 if ! p>ty hold+ ! title     
violates ! rule (  ! *ur* by giv+ a de$ 
to ! pew-hold]1 ! c\rts w\ld probably   
su/a9 8 title47#dbi7 ,h[ev]1 z ! cl]gy c
 nei!r r5t nor sell  pews )\t becom+    
subject to ! law ( ! l& & ! jurisdiction
  ( our c\rts1 x is important to "k :at 
! law ( ! ,/ate is4    99#bdj499 ,l&1   
,use1 ,r5t ,pews4--,:]e l& 0 convey$ 9  
tru/ to !  bi%op ( a diocese & 8        
successors = ! erection ( a *ur* =  !   
use ( a congregation1 ! "r to r5t pews  
ve/$ "u ! de$  & laws ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*
 9 ! p>i% prie/ & n 9 !  tru/ees aft]w>d
 elect$1 z ! p>i% prie/ 0 ! ag5t ( !    
bi%op47#dcj7    99#bda499 ,tru/ees1     
,sale 9 ,p]petuity4--,)\t au?ority ( law
 !  tru/ees ( a *ur* c n make an        
absolute sale 9 p]petuity ( a pew  )\t  
any res]vation ( r5t47#dca7 ,! sale ( a 
pew 9 a *ur* w  be det]m9$ 9 a case     

accord+ to ! p>ticul> facts47#dcb7      
99#bdb499 ,pew1 ,"r to ,occupy1         
,conditions4--,a grant ( a *ur* pew 9   
p]petuity does n give ! own] an absolute
 "r ( prop]ty z a  grant ( l& 9 fee2 b  
gives only a "r to sit !re91 al?\gh he  
may ma9ta9 an action 9 c\rt = protection
 ( 8 rights47#dcc7 ,9  ,v]mont a pe:old]
 has only ! "r to occupy 8 seat dur+    
religi\s  s]vices & holds x subject to !
 sup]ior "r ( ! society own+  !         
pew47#dcd7 ,a condition 9 ! de$ to a pew
 t a hold] ab\t to  leave ! congregation
 %all (f] x to ! society = a c]ta9      
price1  is n invalid47#dce7 ,:]e a      
pe:old] held 8 pew by a c]ta9 agreem5t  
& aft] ! *ur* _h be5 remodel$ he b\ght a
 diff]5t pew1 !  conditions atta*$ to ! 
fir/ pew did n apply to ! la/47#dcf7    
,pews  own$ by ! occupant pass to !     
heirs z real e/ate in/ead ( go+ to  !   
executors z p]sonal prop]ty 9 ,/ates :]e
 ! title is 9 !  nature ( ! title to    
real e/ate47#dcg7    99#bdc499 ,tax1    
,assessm5t4--,a tax assess$ ^u ! pew ( a

 religi\s  corporation 9 "p = purposes n
 specifically nam$ 9 a de$ ( !  pew1 :i*
 alone gives ! p[] to make su* an       
assessm5t & :i*  /rictly def9es & limits
 su* p[]1 is invalid 9 toto47#dch7 ,!   
"r to make an assessm5t on pews mu/ be  
f\nd$ ^u law1 else x c  n be            
en=c$47#dci7 ,:5 a congregation sells   
pews at auction r5t free  = ! purpose ( 
build+ a *ur*1 x has no p[] !reaft] to  
assess  ! pews = ! sal>y ( !            
m9i/]47#ddj7    99#bdd499 ,pe:old]s'    
,rights4--,a pe:old] has ! exclusive "r 
to occupy  8 pew :5 ! h\se is us$ = !   
purpose = :i* x 0 erect$2  b he c n     
conv]t 8 pew to o!r purposes n          
contemplat$47#dda7 ,if  he has paid 8   
pew-r5t accord+ to agreem5t1 he is      
entitl$ to use 8  pew on all occasions  
:5 ! h\se is occupi$1 ev5 :5 x is op5 = 
purposes diff]5t f ^? m5tion$ 9 !       
conveyance !re(2 & he  has ! "r to      
exclude all o!rs f 8 pew by fa/5+ ! door
 or  o!rwise1 & any "o :o ent]s 8 pew   
kn[+ ! facts1 is a  trespass] & liable  

to an action = damages47#ddb7 ,! own] ( 
a pew  has no "r to put an (f5sive cov]+
 !reon nor use 8 pew 9 any  way to !    
annoyance ( ! congregation or n 9 keep+ 
) ! place  & conditions4 ,by plac+ any?+
 (f5sive ab\t 8 pew1 he may be  liable =
 ma9ta9+ a nuisance1 & su* (f5sive ?+   
may be  remov$2 b1 z f> z possible1 x   
mu/ be remov$ )\t damag+ !  pe:old]'s   
prop]ty47#ddc7    99#bde499 ,rebuild+1  
,remodel+4--,an injunction 0 grant$ on !
 bill (  pe:old]s1 re/ra9+ ! au?orities 
( ! *ur* f pull+ x  d[n1 z !y 7 go+ to  
use ! mat]ials 9 ! erection ( a new     
*ur* on a diff]5t site4 ,on ! answ]1 !  
injunction 0 dissolv$ on  ! gr\nd t if !
 compla9ants _h rights :i* w\ld be      
violat$1  !re 0 a rem$y at law & t !    
nature & ext5t ( ! injury  7 n su* z    
call$ = ! int]position ( a c\rt ( equity
 by  injunction47#ddd7 ,:]e a p>i%      
ab&ons an old *ur* & builds a new  "o x 
does n become liable to any pe:old] =   
damages by reason  !re( unless x has    
act$ wantonly or int5tionally to injure 

!  pe:old]47#dde7 ,b :5 x becomes       
necess>y = ! purpose ( repair+  or      
remodel+ a *ur*1 to de/roy old pews1 a  
pew built by a memb] "u  contract ) !   
*ur* c n be remov$ or de/roy$ )\t       
comp5sation47#ddf7 ,pew rights are      
subject to ! "r ( ! p>i% to  pull d[n & 
rebuild a *ur* ei!r z a matt] (         
necessity or  exp$i5cy1 b 9 ! latt] case
 ! own] ( a pew is entitl$ to           
paym5t47#ddg7 ,a pe:old] has only ! "r  
to occupy 8 pew dur+  public wor%ip1 &  
:5 ! *ur* has become s out ( repair t x 
c n be us$ = public wor%ip1 ! own] ( a  
pew c recov] only  nom9al damages =     
injuries to 8 pew47#ddh7    99#bdf499   
,sell+ ,pew on ,execution4--,9 an action
 to recov] ! value ( a  pew sold at     
auction1 ! m]its ( ! case w be tri$     
accord+ to !  law ( ! l&47#ddi7 ,x is   
d\btful :e!r a pew 9 a *ur* c be sold  =
 private debts ( ! pe:old]47#dej7 ,x    
dep5ds some:at ^u !  title & ,/ate law (
 exemptions47#dea7 ,to r5d] an atta*m5t 
( a pew  valid1 x is n necess>y = !     

(fic] to come 9 sight ( ! pew or  ev5 to
 ent] ! *ur*47#deb7    99#bdg499        
,memb]s1 ,pew4--,memb]s ( ! congregation
 may be requir$ to pay  = a pew or sitt+
 9 ! *ur*1 & :]e a prie/ eject$ a memb] 
f ! *ur* because he w\ld n r5t a pew1 he
 0 su/a9$ by !  c\rt47#dec7    99#bdh499
 ,free ,*ur*1 ,seats1 ,lease4--,!       
tru/ees ( a free *ur* may  assign seats 
& =cibly remove "o f a seat )\t         
au?ority47#ded7  ,:]e a pew is real     
e/ate1 a pe:old] may acquire ! "r to x  
by  prescription 9 ! usual way47#dee7   
,:]e pews are n r5t$ & !  memb]s support
 ! *ur* by volunt>y subscriptions1 !y h 
equal  "r to ! occupancy ( ! pews4 ,b   
:]e ! *ur* builds ! pews  & r5ts !m1 a  
man pay+ r5t = a pew holds x "u lease 9 
!  nature ( a lease to real e/ate4      
,h[ev]1 he does n obta9 all !  rights ( 
a lessee ( l&1 & 9 _m cases a rule ( !  
*ur* gov]ns  ! hold+ ( pews1 :i* w be   
obs]v$ by ! ,/ate c\rts47#def7          
99#bdi499 ,executors1 ,pew-,r5t4--,!    
executors ( a pew own] are n b\nd  to   

pay pew-r5t accru$ aft] ! own]'s dea?4  
99#bej499 ,vot+1 ,pew-,r5t1             
,arre>s4--,:]e a *ur* is incorporat$ &  
by  its *>t] or ! laws ( ! ,/ate x has  
au?ority to make reasonable  by-laws1 a 
by-law :i* prohibits any p]son f vot+ ^:
 pew-r5t is  9 arre>s = m ?an two ye>s1 
is valid47#deg7            ,,*apt]      
,,xxi4 ,,prop]ty      99#bea499         
,un9corporat$1 ,tru/ee4--,! "q :e!r an  
un9corporat$  religi\s society may take 
a gift or devise1 is det]m9$ by ! law ( 
domicile47#deh7 ,g5]ally an un9corporat$
 religi\s association c n  hold prop]ty 
9 its assum$ "n1 b x mu/ be held by     
conveyance 9  tru/ to a tru/ee          
nam$47#dei7    99#beb499 ,*>t]1         
,by-,laws4--,:5 ! *>t] or by-laws ( a   
*ur*  corporation provide t !y may be   
alt]$1 su* *anges may1 aft] !  execution
 & deliv]y ( a de$1 imm$iately adh]e to 
! title47#dfj7    99#bec499 ,suits1     
,corporation1 ,memb]s4--,cases may occur
 9 :i* !  corporation 9 its corporate   
capacity1 or ! society 9 its collective 

capacity1 may be a pla9tiff or a        
def5dant 9 a suit betwe5 x & "o  or m   
memb]s ( ! religi\s society 9 _!        
individual capacity or  9 _! collective 
capacity1 9 a quasi-conspiracy or       
conc]n+ o!r  tortur\s acts1 or a        
collective contract47#dfa7    99#bed499 
,de$1 ,c\rt1 ,title4--,a de$ made 9     
pursuance ( an ord] ( a  c\rt hav+      
jurisdiction passes good title47#dfb7   
99#bee499 ,subscription1 ,lots4--,any "o
 may convey title to a *ur* z 8  "p ( ! 
subscription by m]ely m>k+ x on a plat  
made by him1 z  lots donat$ to su*      
*ur*47#dfc7    99#bef499 ,misnom]1      
,id5tity4--,! misnom] ( a religi\s      
society or  corporation w n invalidate a
 mortgage :]e ! id5tity ( !  society c  
be cle>ly %[n47#dfd7    99#beg499       
,adv]se ,possession1 ,color (           
,title4--,a religi\s corporation may    
obta9 title to l& by adv]se possession4 
,! l5g? ( su* possession  is det]m9$ by 
! laws ( ! ,/ate1 ! usual p]iod be+     
tw5ty  ye>s47#dfe7 ,unless ! laws ( !   

,/ate require x1 color ( title at !  "t 
( ass]t+ adv]se possession ne$ n be     
%[n47#dff7    99#beh499 ,sale1          
,re/rictions4--,9 "s ,/ates :5 n        
re/rict$ by !  laws ( ! organization !  
p>i% corporation may sell ! premises 9  
ord] to pay ! *ur* debts4 ,h[ev]1 x is n
 a common law "r47#dfg7    99#bei499    
,de$4--,a de$ to 8,! ,evangelical ,ord] 
( ,*ri/ians0 0  suffici5tly def9ite = a 
valid conveyance47#dfh7    99#bfj499    
,error4--,a cl]ical error 9 ! "n ( !    
grantee w n make  a de$ void4 ,h[ev]1 :5
 su* error has be5 discov]$1 x %\ld be  
correct$47#dfi7    99#bfa499 ,mortgage1 
,bi%op1 ,debts4--,! ar*bi%op ( a *ur* to
 :i*  prop]ty is bequea!d1 c n mortgage 
x )\t au?ority f !  *ur* or "u !        
law47#dgj7 ,also1 ! bi%op ( a diocese to
 :om l&  _h be5 convey$ 9 tru/ = a      
p>ticul> congregation1 c\ld n  execute a
 valid mortgage !reon to secure 8 own   
indebt$ness47#dga7 ,b  a religi\s       
society 9 ! abs5ce ( prohibition>y      
legislation1 has  p[] to mortgage its   

prop]ty to secure its debts47#dgb7      
99#bfb499 ,de$1 ,tru/1 ,fee4--,a de$ (  
l& to a ,ca?olic bi%op & 8  heirs &     
assigns =ev] 9 tru/ = a ,ca?olic p>i% = 
! purpose  ( a free burial gr\nd1 gave !
 bi%op an e/ate 9 fee47#dgc7            
99#bfc499 ,debts1 ,cr$itors4--,a        
committee ( a religi\s society au?oriz$ 
to sell l&s to raise money to pay its   
g5]al debts1 is n au?oriz$  to execute a
 mortgage = ! purpose ( secur+ v>i\s    
cr$itors  hold+ claims2 & ! defect 9 su*
 mortgage is n cur$ by a vote at  a     
subsequ5t meet+ to :i* ! committee made 
a report ( its  action47#dgd7           
99#bfd499 ,mortgage or ,sale1 ,notice1  
,cons5t4--,:5ev] !re is to be a         
mortgage or sale ( ! *ur* prop]ty1 if x 
is to be done by !  corporation1 x mu/  
be done /rictly 9 accordance ) ! *>t] & 
laws ( ! corporation1 & if ^? d n       
provide !re=1 e  memb] %\ld receive a   
reasonable notice to att5d a meet+ ( !  
congregation & ! "q %\ld be submitt$ to 
su* meet+ & a  vote tak5 !reon4 ,if all 

! proce$+s are regul> & ! prop]  (fic]s 
7presid5t & secret>y7 ( ! corporation be
 au?oriz$ to  make a conveyance1 x is   
good 9 law47#dge7 ,h[ev]1 if ! irregul> 
acts  ( (fic]s or memb]s ( a            
congregation are subsequ5tly ratifi$ 9 a
  lawful mann]1 !y become b9d+47#dgf7   
,:5 cons5t ( ! c\rt is  requir$1 x mu/  
be obta9$47#dgg7    99#bfe499 ,title1   
,taxes1 ,judicial ,notice4--,if ! title 
is 9 ! bi%op 9  fee 9 accordance ) *ur* 
law x is n 8own$ by any religi\s        
association0 & is liable = taxes4 ,!    
laws ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* are  n ! subject
 ( judicial notice1 b mu/ be alleg$ &   
prov$ z any  o!r fact47#dgh7            
99#bff499 ,title1 ,diocese1 ,rule4--,:]e
 ! title to ! prop]ty ( !  diocese 0 9 !
 bi%op = ! use ( ! *ur* & subsequ5tly ! 
diocese 0 incorporat$1 ! bi%op 0 n      
dive/$ ( title & x 0  /ill necess>y to h
 ! prop]ty convey$ by de$47#dgi7 ,9 "s  
o!r  ,/ates1 h[ev]1 ! contr>y rule      
prevails47#dhj7    99#bfg499 ,prie/1    
,de$1 ,funds4--,:]e x 0 claim$ t a prie/

 pur*as$  l&s & took ! de$ 9 8 own "n & 
paid !re= ) funds  belong+ to !         
congregation1 ! conveyance w n be decre$
 by !  c\rt only ^u ! cle>e/ & mo/      
satisfactory evid5ce47#dha7    99#bfh499
 ,monks1 ,missions1 ,title4--,! fact t !
 monks or prie/s 7  at ! head ( !       
missions 9 ,cali=nia :5 x 0 acquir$ by !
  ,unit$ ,/ates1 does n prove t !       
,ca?olic ,*ur* _h univ]sal  own]%ip ( ! 
prop]ty47#dhb7 ,! acts ( ,congress giv+ 
! city (  ,san ,antonio au?ority to sell
 public l&s1 0 int5d$1 no d\bt1 to      
dispose ( mission prop]ty1 b x 0 held n 
to affect ! ,ca?olic  ,*ur*1 ! title to 
:i* _h be5 confirm$ by ano!r act (      
,congress47#dhc7    99#bfi499 ,texan    
,revolution1 ,l&4--,at ! "t ( ! ,texan  
,revolution1 a  ,ca?olic *ur* held no   
real e/ate ( p]fect title1 b enjoy$ only
 !  use ( ! l& t x possess$ & cont9u$ s 
to occupy aft] !  admission ( ,texas    
into ! ,union47#dhd7    99#bgj499       
,prie/1 ,ag5t1 ,de$4--,! prie/ 9 *>ge ( 
a congregation is  ! ag5t ( ! ar*bi%op1 

& :]e ! title to ! real e/ate is        
convey$ by absolute de$ to ! bi%op1 !   
congregation1 aga9/ !  prote/ ( ! prie/ 
& )\t obta9+ leave f ! bi%op1 has no  "r
 to te> d[n a *ur* = ! purpose (        
rebuild+ or repair+  x47#dhe7 ,& a prie/
 9 *>ge ( mission prop]ty may ma9ta9 9 8
  "n an action to recov] its            
possession47#dhf7    99#bga499 ,devise1 
,unc]ta9ty4--,a devise ( prop]ty 8to !  
,roman ,ca?olic  ,orphans0 ( a c]ta9    
diocese1 mak+ ! bi%op ( ! diocese       
executor  ( ! w & giv+ him p[] to sell !
 prop]ty & use ! proce$s  = ! b5efit ( !
 ,roman ,ca?olic orphans1 is void =     
unc]ta9ty47#dhg7    99#bgb499 ,donor1   
,ambigu\s ,provision4--,! religi\s      
convictions ( !  donor may be %[n = !   
purpose ( con/ru+ an ambigu\s provision 
(  a de$ or w47#dhh7    99#bgc499 ,tru/1
 ,evid5ce4--,)\t any tru/ be+ decl>$ 9  
writ+1  p>ol evid5ce c n be all[$ to    
prove t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* &  p>sonage is 
held 9 tru/ = ! congregation by ! bi%op 
( !  diocese1 not)/&+ t ! moneys =      

pur*as+ ! l&s &  putt+ up su* build+s 7 
collect$ by subscriptions &             
contributions made to ! prie/ 9 *>ge "u 
! law1 usage1 &  polity ( ! ,roman      
,ca?olic ,*ur*47#dhi7 ,at common law l& 
may be  grant$ to pi\s uses be=e !re is 
a grantee to take x4 ,9 !  meantime1 !  
title is 9 abeyance47#dij7 ,:]e ! title 
to p>sonage  l&s is 9 ! m9i/] z a sole  
corporation1 on 8 dea? ! title  rema9s 9
 abeyance until a successor is          
appo9t$47#dia7    99#bgd499 ,money1     
,control4--,money rais$ by a ,ca?olic   
congregation = !  purpose ( build+ a    
*ur* does n come "u ! absolute control (
  ! bi%op or prie/1 al?\gh put into !   
h&s ( ! latt] = safe  keep+4 ,x is      
subject to ! control ( ! congregation1  
al?\gh !  memb]s ( ! congregation refus$
 to obey ! comm& ( ! bi%op (  ! diocese 
to consolidate ) ano!r *ur* to :i* !    
prie/ 0  remov$47#dib7    99#bge499     
,*ur*1 ,build+1 ,remov+4--,:]e          
subscriptions 7 secur$ to  build a *ur* 
at a p>ticul> place z a memorial to a   

c]ta9 p]son1 a  congregation may be     
enjo9$ f te>+ d[n ! build+ & remov+  x  
to ano!r place47#dic7 ,b a c\rt ( equity
 w n prev5t !  removal ( a *ur* :]e a   
majority ( ! congregation favors x1     
al?\gh a legal meet+ _h n be5 held to   
det]m9e ! matt]47#did7    99#bgf499     
,*ur*1 ,use1 ,division4--,a *ur* guild t
 erect$ a build+  adjo9+ a *ur* = p>i%  
purposes1 ) ! ass5t ( !  congregation1 c
 n d5y ! au?ority ( ! *ur* & use !      
build+ = o!r purposes47#die7 ,b if      
memb]s are improp]ly exclud$  f ! use ( 
! *ur* prop]ty !y mu/ appeal to ! c\rts 
=  r$ress & c n resort to acts (        
trespass to ga9 entrance into a         
*ur*47#dif7 ,a c\rt ( equity w compel   
p]sons hav+ *>ge ( !  temporalities ( a 
*ur*1 :e!r incorporat$ or n1 to         
fai?fully  p]=m _! tru/ & to prev5t !   
div]sion ( ! prop]ty f its  orig9al     
purposes4 ,! c\rt w n int]f]e 9 /rictly 
religi\s  matt]s47#dig7    99#bgg499    
,spani% ,t]ritory4--,:5 ,alabama 0 a "p 
( ,spani% t]ritory1  a de$ ( l& 8to ,8  

,ca?olic ,maje/y = ! purpose ( build+   
!reon a p>o*ial *ur* & dwell+-h\se = !  
(ficiat+ prie/10  ! money be+ paid out (
 ! royal treasury1 did n con/itute !    
,k+ ( ,spa9 a tru/ee = ! *ur* or transf]
 to ! *ur* 9 equity  a title to !       
lots47#dih7    99#bgh499 ,tru/1         
,purposes1 ,doctr9es4--,:5 a conveyance 
( a lot is made to  c]ta9 p]sons ( a    
religi\s society & _! successors 9 tru/ 
=  religi\s purposes1 all ! memb]s      
become b5efici>ies 9 equal degree       
not)/&+ "s ( !m may h contribut$ l>g]   
sums ?an  o!rs47#dii7 ,l& convey$ to a  
*ur* = valuable consid]ation belongs  to
 ! *ur*1 :atev] *ange may take place 9  
its religi\s doctr9es2  & if a m9ority  
sec$es on ! gr\nd t !y are ! ones :o    
reta9  ! orig9al t5ets ( ! *ur*1 !y c n 
take ) !m ei!r !  :ole or pro rata %>e (
 ! *ur* prop]ty47#ejj7    99#bgi499     
,control1 ,rev5ues4--,! tru/ees ( a     
corporation ( a *ur* or  ( a religi\s   
society h entire control ov] ! rev5ues (
 su*  body47#eja7    99#bhj499 ,leave to

 ,pur*ase1 ,title1 ,canons ( !          
,*ur*4--,a congregation  want$ to buy a 
*ur* & prie/'s h\se1 b ! ar*bi%op refus$
  leave to pur*ase1 b grant$ p]mission  
to keep ! premises =  religi\s purposes 
= a "t4 ,! memb]s =m$ a society & b\ght 
&  took title 9 ! "n ( ! 8,li?uanian    
,b5efit ,society ( ,/4 ,an?ony40  ,!n ! 
ar*bi%op wrote !m a lett] requir+ ! de$ 
( ! premises  to be put 9 8 "n1 :i* !   
congregation refus$ to d4 ,a "p ( !     
congregation br\ght a suit 9 equity to  
en=ce ! transf] f !  society to !       
ar*bi%op4 ,! c\rt held t if !           
congregation 0  "u ! *ur* & ackn[l$g$   
its au?ority1 ! title mu/ be settl$  by 
! canons ( ! *ur*2 o!rwise1 ! majority (
 ! congregation1  9 a duly call$ meet+1 
%\ld det]m9e :]e ! title %\ld be        
ve/$47#ejb7    99#bha499 ,cemet]y1      
,au?ority4--,:5 a congregation t _h     
title to a  cemet]y = _m ye>s entru/$ ! 
managem5t & sale ( ! lots to  ! prie/1  
he _h !reby au?ority to create          
s]vitudes1 su* z alleys  to lots1 :i*   

become b9d+ on ! congregation & all ?ird
  p]sons47#ejc7    99#bhb499 ,real      
,e/ate1 ,purpose4--,a *ur* has no p[] to
 acquire & hold  real e/ate = any       
purpose o!r ?an t ( promot+ ! object (  
its  creation1 & any contract ent]$ into
 = a pur*ase ( real e/ate z a  matt] (  
speculation is ultra vires & void47#ejd7
    99#bhc499 ,limitation1 ,l&s4--,a    
/atute ( ! ,/ate prohibit+ a religi\s   
society f hold+ m ?an tw5ty acres1      
applies to a s+le p>i% or  congregation 
& n to ! entire d5om9ation :5 x consi/s 
( m  ?an "o congregation47#eje7         
99#bhd499 ,conditions1 ,beque/1 ,de$1   
,"t4--,:]e prop]ty has be5 devis$  = a  
p>ticul> purpose or on c]ta9 conditions 
atta*$ !reto1 !  law may be invok$ to   
protect ! fund accord+ to !             
beque/47#ejf7 ,&  :]e a de$ conta9$ a   
clause t ! lots %\ld nev] be sold nor   
us$ 9 any o!r way except = ! b5efit ( a 
specifi$ ,prote/ant  ,*ur*1 al?\gh ! de$
 conta9$ no clause ( =feiture1 :5 !     
congregation sold ! prop]ty ! grantor 0 

entitl$ to h ! de$  set aside & ! title 
re-ve/$ 9 himself47#ejg7 ,& a grant made
 ^u  condition t a *ur* be erect$ !reon1
 prev5ts ! grantee f  convey+ x = o!r   
purposes )\t ! cons5t ( ! grantor or 8  
heirs47#ejh7 ,b :]e a devise 0 made on  
condition t a *ur* be  built on !       
prop]ty )9 ?ree ye>s1 ! provision be+ a 
condition  subsequ5t1 a c\rt has ! "r to
 ext5d ! "t47#eji7    99#bhe499 ,w1     
,=feiture4--,! provision 9 a w or de$ t 
l& %all  be us$ = purposes ( a c]ta9    
*ur*1 may create a tru/ = !  b5efit ( ! 
*ur* only & n a condition ! brea* ( :i* 
w\ld  "w a =feiture47#eaj7 ,:5 a        
condition is put 9 a de$ t x %all be    
=ev] us$ z a burial gr\nd = ! int]m5t ( 
bodies1 x is  d\btful :e!r ! grantor &  
grantee toge!r may *ange ! uses (  !    
prop]ty4 ,!re=e1 x is important 9 tak+  
de$s to cemet]ies to  h no condition    
:atev]1 unless su* conditions are       
desir$47#eaa7    99#bhf499 ,condition1  
,quit-,claim4--,aft] convey+ l& ^u a    
specifi$  condition1 ! grantor !n gave a

 quit-claim de$1 & ! c\rt held  t t     
reliev$ ! grant f ! condition47#eab7    
99#bhg499 ,bi%op1 ,tru/1                
,successors4--,a de$ ( l& to ! bi%op ( a
  *ur* = a ,prote/ant ,episcopal *ur* 9 
fee simple1 creat$ a tru/  & on ! dea? (
 su* bi%op ! title pass$ to 8           
successors47#eac7  ,:]e a grantee 9 a   
de$ absolute on its face1 is 9 fact     
ar*bi%op (  ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* = 8 
diocese1 its canons & decrees  regulat+ 
! mode ( acquir+ & hold+ *ur* prop]ty   
are compet5t  evid5ce to %[ t ! prop]ty 
is s held 9 tru/ = purposes =  public   
wor%ip & o!r *>itable uses4 ,& prop]ty s
 held by a  ,ca?olic bi%op 9 tru/ = !   
diocese1 or 9 tru/ = a congregation1    
s*ool1 cemet]y1 or asylum1 = ! sep>ate  
use ( ea*1 is n  *>geable ) any "p ( !  
exp5ses ( ano!r "o or = improv+  ! *ur* 
prop]ty g5]ally 9 ! diocese47#ead7      
99#bhh499 ,tru/ees1 ,vacancy4--,:5 l& is
 convey$ to c]ta9 p]sons z  tru/ees ( a 
*ur* & _! successors lawfully appo9t$1 a
 c\rt (  equity w n /ep 9 to fill a     

vacancy b w leave t to be fill$  by !   
*ur* 9 accordance ) its discipl9e47#eae7
 ,b an attempt to  sell real e/ate ( a  
religi\s society aga9/ ! provisions (   
its  *>t]1 w be prev5t$ by a c\rt (     
equity47#eaf7    99#bhi499 ,*ur*1       
,majority1 ,*ange4--,:5 prop]ty is      
convey$ to a *ur*  hav+ a well-kn[n     
doctr9e1 fai?1 & practice1 a majority ( 
!  memb]s has n ! au?ority or p[] by    
reason ( a *ange ( religi\s  views to   
c>ry ! prop]ty ?us d$icat$ to a new &   
diff]5t  doctr9e47#eag7    99#bij499    
,title1 ,h>mony1 ,division4--,! title to
 *ur* prop]ty 9 a  divid$ congregation  
is 9 t "p ( ! congregation :i* acts 9   
h>mony ) ! law ( ! d5om9ation2 & !      
ecclesia/ical laws &  pr9ciples :i* 7   
accept$ among !m be=e ! dispute began1  
are  ! /&>d = det]m9+ :i* p>ty is       
"r47#eah7 ,9 o!r cases !  division (    
*ur* prop]ty1 :]e !re is a division ( ! 
congregation1 dep5ds ^u its p>ticul>    
facts47#eai7 ,:]e #djj 0  bequea!d to a 
,lu!ran congregation 9 ,s----1 !re be+  

at ! "t (  ! mak+ ( ! w b "o ,lu!ran    
congregation 9 ! place1 b  subsequ5tly a
 majority ( ! tru/ees & memb]s ) ! pa/or
 left  ! *ur* & built a new "o1 ! old   
*ur* cont9u$ ve/$ ) !  title to !       
prop]ty & all its funds47#ebj7          
99#bia499 ,p]v]sion1 ,misuse1           
,suit4--,unless !re is sub/antial       
dep>ture  f ! purpose ( ! tru/ :i*      
am\nts to a p]v]sion ( x1 a c\rt  (     
equity w n int]f]e to prev5t ! misuse or
 abuse ( a tru/ (  a religi\s nature4 ,9
 actions 9 ! ,/ate c\rt1 if ! *ur* is n 
incorporat$1 an action %\ld be br\ght 9 
! names ( ! memb]s  collectively1 & if  
!y are too num]\s to be all nam$1 ! suit
 may  be br\ght 9 ! "n ( "o or m ( !m = 
! :ole4 ,! same  rules apply to religi\s
 societies :5 su$4 ,h[ev]1 9 "s         
dioceses1  p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,ca?olic      
,*ur*1 ! title to ! *ur* prop]ty is  9 !
 bi%op & he !reby becomes an int]e/$    
p>ty :o mu/ be made  ei!r a pla9tiff or 
a def5dant47#eba7    99#bib499 ,rights1 
,contracts1 ,torts1 ,crimes4--,ve/$     

prop]ty rights1  contracts1 torts1 &    
crimes1 are usually subject to ! laws ( 
! ,/ate  & ! control & judgm5t ( a *ur* 
tribunal is seldom f9al4 ,:ile  ! ,/ate 
c\rts h no ecclesia/ical jurisdiction & 
c n revise or  "q ord9>y acts ( *ur*    
discipl9e1 !y h ! p[] to  adjudicate    
conflict+ claims ( p>ties to ! *ur*     
prop]ty or ! use  ( x47#ebb7            
99#bic499 ,cemet]y1 ,assessm5ts4--,:]e a
 lot 0 b\ght = ! purpose (  build+ a    
*ur* b 0 us$ = a cemet]y1 & a *ur* 0    
built at  ano!r place & ! de$ to ! lot 0
 tak5 9 ! "n ( !  tru/ees1 ! pa/or & a  
memb] ( ! *ur* corporation 7 n !  prop] 
p>ties to br+ an action to re/ra9 !     
,/ate f sell+ !  lot to pay ! assessm5ts
 = pavem5t1 z !y _h no legal or         
equitable  int]e/ = ! protection ( :i*  
!y c\ld claim ! int]position (  a c\rt (
 equity47#ebc7    99#bid499 ,burn$1     
,rev]t1 ,ve/$4--,! fact t a *ur* on l&s 
donat$  to ! p>i%1 on condition ( su/a9+
 ! *ur*1 burn$ d[n1 !  title did n rev]t
 to ! grantor's heirs47#ebd7 ,also l&   

grant$ a  bi%op = *ur* uses1 ve/$       
imm$iately 9 him & 0 n =feit$  because x
 0 n us$ = *ur* purposes47#ebe7         
99#bie499 ,ab&on$1 ,rev]t4--,l& grant$  
to tru/ees & _! successors  =ev] 9 tru/ 
to erect a ,me?odi/ *ur*1 accord+ to its
 rules &  discipl9e1 :i* 0 us$ = su*    
*ur* = a long "t & !n  ab&on$ & sold to 
p>ties :o conv]t$ x into a blacksmi?    
%op1 did  n !reupon rev]t 9 ! abs5ce ( a
 provision to t effect47#ebf7           
99#bif499 ,uses & ,tru/s4--,! *apt] ( ! 
,wiscons9 /atutes on  religi\s          
societies1 al?\gh n includ$ 9 ! same    
title z !  *apt] aboli%+ all uses &     
tru/s except+ z !re9 creat$1 0  n int5d$
 to prohibit ! tru/s expressly au?oriz$ 
by !  =m]47#ebg7    99#big499 ,tru/     
,funds1 ,acc\nt4--,:]e a memb] ( ! *ur* 
receiv$ funds  to inve/ 9 8 own "n = !  
b5efit ( ! *ur*1 he w be  oblig$ 9 a    
c\rt ( equity to give full acc\nt = !   
money & its  pr(its47#ebh7    99#bih499 
,fund1 ,div]t$1 ,split4--,a fund creat$ 
= a p>ticul> purpose1  z ! education (  

*ildr5 9 ! fai? & doctr9es ( a          
d5om9ation  at ! "t ! fund is creat$1 c 
n be div]t$ f its orig9al  object47#ebi7
 ,nei!r c su* a fund be split up :5 a   
congregation is  divid$1 b mu/ be reta9$
 z creat$47#ecj7    99#bii499 ,*ur*1    
,p]sonalty4--,a *ur* remov$ f its       
f\ndation & put  on roll]s 0 sev]$ f !  
realty & became p]sonal prop]ty47#eca7  
99#cjj499 ,lease1 ,purposes4--,a        
religi\s lit]>y society & sci5tific     
corporation has p[] to lease "p ( a     
build+ own$ by x =  !atrical & op]atic  
purposes47#ecb7    99#cja499 ,sal>y1    
,li51 ,equity4--,! *ur* build+ & ! l& on
 :i*  x /&s h be5 held subject to !     
paym5t ( a debt due = !  sal>y ( a pa/or
 ( ! congregation own+ su*              
prop]ty47#ecc7 ,a  contractor is entitl$
 to a li5 on ! *ur* prop]ty = "w done on
  ! build+47#ecd7 ,a p]son :o became    
liable = ! debts ( !  congregation      
incurr$ 9 ! pur*ase ( *ur* prop]ty1     
obta9$ relief  9 equity by subject+ !   
*ur* prop]ty to a sale47#ece7           

99#cjb499 ,bankruptcy1 ,cr$itors4--,!re 
is no provision ( law = a *ur*          
corporation to make an assignm5t 9      
bankruptcy4 ,h[ev]1 ! *ur*  corporation 
may be su$ & a receiv] appo9t$ to take  
possession ( !  prop]ty & seque/] !     
assets47#ecf7 ,b :]e assignm5ts 9       
bankruptcy & a sale & conveyance ( *ur* 
prop]ty are lawful1 !  *ur* prop]ty may 
be assign$ = ! b5efit ( !               
cr$itors47#ecg7    99#cjc499            
,jurisdiction1 ,process4--,9 ord] to    
obta9 jurisdiction :]e  !re are         
cont5tions betwe5 v>i\s p]sons claim+ to
 be (fic]s1 !  only safe rule is to s]ve
 ! process on all ^? :o are 9 ! (fices  
or claim ! (fices ^u ! occupants ( :i* !
 pap]s mu/ be  s]v$47#ech7    99#cjd499 
,/ates1 ,prop]ty1 ,re/rictions4--,"s    
,/ates re/rict ! quantity  & use (      
prop]ty t a religi\s society or *ur* may
 hold4 ,o!r  ,/ates h no re/rictions2 b 
ne>ly all ! ,/ates h "s /atutory  law on
 ! subject1 :i* is *ang$ s frequ5tly t x
 w\ld be  useless to give ! provisions (

 su* law 9 ?is "w47#eci7    99#cje499   
,l&1 ,limitation4--,a /atute ( ,ill9ois 
relat+ to ,ca?olic  societies conta9s no
 limitations on prop]ty rights1 b x 0   
held t  ! g5]al law appli$1 & t an      
organization hav+ t5 acres c\ld  n      
acquire additional l& by devise4 ,a     
conveyance ( l& to a  corporation aft] x
 has tak5 all ! l& all[$ by law1 is     
void47#edj7  ,9 ,k5tucky :]e a *ur* is  
limit$ to fifty acres & a devise 0 made 
to a *ur* = ! b5efit ( =eign missions1 x
 0 held valid "u a  /atute provid+ t all
 devises = relief ( ag$1 impot5t1 poor  
p1 *ur*es1 or = any o!r *>itable or     
humane purposes1 %all be  valid47#eda7  
,m>yl&'s peculi> law by :i* leave mu/ be
 obta9$ f  ! ,legislature = a conveyance
 ( m ?an two acres ( l&1 has be5        
con/ru$ to give ! ,legislature au?ority 
to ratify a conveyance t  o!rwise w\ld  
be void "u ! /atute47#edb7 ,also1 x 0   
held 9 !  same case t a *ur* might      
acquire m l&1 b t x w\ld be  re/rict$ ) 
reg>d to its use4 ,a /atute prohibit+ a 

religi\s  society f hold+ m ?an tw5ty   
acres ( l& appli$ to a s+le  religi\s   
society & n to ! d5om9ation47#edc7 ,:]e 
! t]ritorial  law provid$ t no religi\s 
corporation %\ld hold real e/ate (      
great] value ?an #ej1jjj1 a receiv] 0   
appo9t$ = ! ,mormon  corporation47#edd7 
99#cjf499 ,corporations1                
,beque/s4--,=eign religi\s corporations 
may be  entitl$ to recov] beque/s made  
to !m 9 "s ,/ates2 b ! g5]al  rule is t 
a =eign religi\s society has no bett] "r
 to take  prop]ty by devise ?an a       
dome/ic corporation47#ede7 ,:5 ! /atute 
requires a conveyance to specify !      
purpose = :i* a religi\s society  takes 
l&1 ! failure to s specify r5d]s ! de$  
void47#edf7 ,b !  ,"y ,m5's ,*ri/ian    
,association 0 decl>$ n )9 ! limitation 
because x 0 n =m$ = pecuni>y b5efit &   
pr(it & 0 n  "u ! control ( any "o      
d5om9ation nor =m$ = religi\s           
wor%ip47#edg7    99#cjg499 ,collat]al   
,attack4--,a devise ( l& to a religi\s  
society :i*  w increase ! title beyond !

 am\nt t is all[$ by /atute1 c  n be    
attack$ collat]ally by a private        
individual47#edh7 ,x is = !  ,/ate & n =
 ! individual to make inquiry into      
excess on ! "p  ( a religi\s society 9  
its accumulation47#edi7                 
,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,religi\s ,,s]vices    
99#cjh499 ,wor%ip1 ,discipl9e1          
,innovations4--,! d5om9ation itself1    
accord+ to its rules & regulations1     
det]m9es :at s]vices %all  =m a "p ( its
 public wor%ip4 ,! inf]ior au?ority 9 ! 
*ur*  has no "r to violate ! discipl9e  
by innovations4 ,:e!r or n  devotional  
s++ may be accompani$ ) in/rum5tal      
music1 mu/ be  det]m9$ by ^? :o adm9i/] 
! discipl9e ( ! *ur*47#eej7    99#cji499
 ,doctr9es1 ,temporal ,affairs4--,! fact
 t ! congregation sells  ! pews does n  
give ! own]s ! "r to det]m9e :at        
doctr9es  %all be prea*$ 9 ! *ur*1 nor  
:o %all prea* !m47#eea7 ,a  majority ( a
 local *ur* c n *ange ! fai? ( ! *ur*   
aga9/  ! prote/ ( ! m9ority47#eeb7 ,!   
corporation ( ! congregation is  gov]n$ 

by ! majority only 9 temporal           
affairs47#eec7 ,h[ev]1 "s (  !          
,prote/ant *ur*es are s indep5d5t t a   
vote ( ! congregation  may transf] !m f 
"o d5om9ation to ano!r47#eed7           
99#caj499 ,contributions1 ,presbyt]ians1
 ,me?odi/s4--,:]e c]ta9 p]sons  by      
contributions built a *ur* & ! title 0  
tak5 & held by !  ,presbyt]ians :o      
p]mitt$ all o!r d5om9ations to hold     
s]vices  !re91 all ( :i* 0 a condition (
 ! subscriptions =  e/abli%+ ! *ur*1 :5 
! ,presbyt]ians sold out to ! ,me?odi/s 
& !y held x = _! own exclusive use1 ^?  
:o contribut$ !  money _h ! "r to resort
 to ! c\rt to en=ce _! rights to  wor%ip
 9 su* *ur*47#eee7    99#caa499 ,true   
,religion1 ,c\rts4--,ord9>ily ! civil   
c\rts d n  int]f]e :]e !re is a "q z to 
:i* ( two or m p>ties is  adh]+ to !    
true religi\s tea*+ ( ! d5om9ation4 ,if 
no  "q ( prop]ty or civil rights arises1
 ! c\rt w n  int]f]e47#eef7    99#cab499
 ,h]esy1 ,injunction4--,:]e a m9i/] did 
n prea* ! doctr9e  & ! entire sy/em (   

,calv9i/ic !ology receiv$ & taught by t 
d5om9ation1 he _h no "r to ! pulpit ( ! 
*ur*1 & ! c\rt  grant$ an injunction    
aga9/ 8 (ficiat+ !re947#eeg7            
99#cac499 ,beque/1 ,sects1              
,condition4--,:]e a beque/ 0 made to    
erect a  place ( wor%ip ) ! privilege = 
o!r sects to wor%ip !re9 &  =ev] to be  
us$ z su*1 ! tru/ees 9 :om ! title ve/$ 
_h no  au?ority to sell )\t ! cons5t ( !
 grantor or 8 heirs2 & !  congregation  
hav+ sold ! *ur* prop]ty & x hav+ be5   
!reaft]  us$ = a /ore1 ! grantor's heirs
 _h a "r ( entry = condition            
brok547#eeh7    99#cad499 ,sexton1      
,und]tak]1 ,au?orities4--,! sexton :o   
has *>ge ( !  *ur* prop]ty may lawfully 
remove f ! *ur* an und]tak] :o1  aft]   
be+ w>n$ to desi/ & leave1 p]si/s 9     
conduct+ ! fun]al  9 violation ( rules  
prescrib$ by ! au?orities ( !           
*ur*47#eei7            ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 
,,beque/s1 ,,devises1 ,,& ,,gifts       
99#cae499 ,/atutes1 ,wills4--,9 "s      
,/ates a religi\s society c n take  "u a

 w1 & a beque/ ( money to a *ur* is     
void47#efj7 ,9  ,connecticut any devise 
to a religi\s corporation n expressly   
au?oriz$  by /atute1 is void47#efa7 ,9  
,m>yl& leave to devise l& to a religi\s 
society mu/ be obta9$ f !               
,legislature47#efb7 ,9 all ! ,/ates x   
is safe/ to consult & c>efully foll[ !  
/atute 9 draw+ a w4    99#caf499        
,masses1 ,alabama4--,=m]ly z a rule ( ! 
,engli% common law1 x  0 held t beque/s 
& devises = ! purpose ( hav+ ,masses    
said  = ! s\l ( ! deceas$1 7 void z     
sup]/iti\s uses2 b "u  ,article #a ( !  
,am5dm5ts to ! ,unit$ ,/ates            
,con/itution1 & "u  simil> provisions 9 
! con/itutions ( ! sev]al ,/ates1 !     
,engli%  rule does n prevail 9 ! ,unit$ 
,/ates4 ,h[ev]1 ,alabama adopt$ !       
,engli% rule47#efc7 ,by read+ !         
foot-note to ! ,alabama case1 x w  be   
f\nd t a majority ( ! ,/ates hold t su* 
beque/s are  lawful47#efd7 ,ev5 9       
,alabama if ! beque/ _h be5 to a        
cl]gyman or a  c]ta9 p]son & accompani$ 

by a reque/ to say ,masses1 ! c\rt might
  h all[$ x47#efe7    99#cag499 ,"n1    
,beque/1 ,corporation4--,a mi/ake 9 a "n
 does n r5d] a  beque/ or a gift void if
 ! p]son int5d$ c be id5tifi$47#eff7    
,also1 a devise may be made to a        
corporation n yet organiz$ & :5 x  is   
organiz$ ! gift or devise w ve/4 ,dur+ !
 int]im1 x w  rema9 9 abeyance47#efg7   
99#cah499 ,cl]gyman1 ,undue             
,influ5ce4--,a cl]gyman :o is a grantee 
9 a  de$ f a p>i%ion]1 al?\gh d]iv+ no  
b5efit !refrom1 has !  burd5 ( %[+ good 
fai? 9 ! transaction z ! law presumes t 
he is guilty ( undue influ5ce4 ,?is     
presumption is fur!r /r5g!n$  by pro( ( 
! enfeebl$ condition ( ! grantor by age 
& illness &  8 susceptibl5ess to        
influ5ce4 ,:]e ! prop]ty convey$ 9 tru/ 
=  ! p>i% 0 greatly 9 excess ( its ne$s1
 ! de$ 0 set  aside47#efh7    99#cai499 
,conte/1 ,secession4--,9 case ( a devise
 to a *ur* :i* is  claim$ by two        
societies1 x is ! duty ( ! c\rt to      
decide 9 favor  ( ^? :o adh]e to !      

ecclesia/ical gov]nm5t ( ! *ur* :i*  0 9
 op]ation at ! "t ! tru/ 0 decl>$47#efi7
 ,h[ev]1 to  ma9ta9 su* action x mu/ be 
br\ght by ! prop] p>ties47#egj7         
99#cbj499 ,beque/s1 ,memb]%ip4--,beque/s
 left to individuals on condition  t !y 
%all rema9 memb]s ( a c]ta9 *ur*1 c be  
obta9$ only  by comply+ ) su*           
condition47#ega7    99#cba499           
,conditions1 ,religi\s ,t5ets4--,9 ord] 
to det]m9e !  conditions ( a tru/ !     
religi\s t5ets ( ! donor may be %[n to  
aid 9 con/ruction ( ambigu\s            
provisions47#egb7    99#cbb499 ,"n1     
,unc]ta9ty4--,a beque/ to ,georget[n    
,univ]sity1 9 !  ,di/rict ( ,columbia1  
:i* 0 incorporat$ "u ! "n ( 8,!         
,presid5t & ,directors ( ,georget[n     
,college10 is n void =  unc]ta9ty1 z !  
only in/itution ( le>n+ 9 ! ,di/rict (  
,columbia is ,georget[n ,college47#egc7 
99#cbc499 ,future ,uses1 ,unc]ta9ty4--,a
 devise to a f\ndl+ or eleemosyn>y      
in/itution1 :5ev] ! ,*ri/ians %\ld      
create "o :i* ! tru/ees  approv$1 is    

valid47#egd7 ,& a devise to ! 8,fir/    
,*ri/ian *ur*  erect$ or to be erect$ 9 
! village ( ,telfairville1 9 ,burke     
c\nty1  or to su* p]sons z may become   
tru/ees ( ! same10 is good z a  *>itable
 beque/47#ege7 ,a beque/ to a prie/ to  
hold 9 tru/ & pay  ov] to ! ,si/]s = !  
,poor1 is valid47#egf7 ,a beque/ = ! c>e
 (  a tomb/one is valid 9 "s ,/ates & n 
9 o!rs )\t a /atutory  provision47#egg7 
,a beque/ to ! bi%op 8to be by him us$ =
 ,roman  ,ca?olic *>itable in/itutions 9
 8 diocese10 suffici5tly describes  !   
b5efici>ies & is good47#egh7 ,also1 a   
beque/ to ,bi%op ,engl& 89  tru/ = !    
,ladies ( ! ,ursul9e ,ord] resid+ 9     
,*>le/on 9 !  ,/ate ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a10 0  
held = 8,! ,ladies ( ! ,ursul9e         
,community ( ! city ( ,*>le/on407#egi7  
,a beque/ = ,masses 8to a  ,roman       
,ca?olic prie/ t %all succe$ me 9 ?is   
place10 0 held void  = unc]ta9ty47#ehj7 
,a beque/ 9 tru/ to a bi%op by "n to    
sell &  give ! proce$s to a society     
nam$1 is n a devise to ! society1 b  to 

! bi%op 9 tru/47#eha7    99#cbd499      
,education1 ,prie/hood4--,a devise or   
beque/ to a cl]gyman (  prop]ty to be   
us$ = ! education ( poor ,ca?olic boys =
 !  prie/hood1 0 su/a9$ 9 c\rt z        
suffici5tly def9ite =  p]=mance47#ehb7  
99#cbe499 ,*>itable ,tru/1              
,cy-,pres4--,equity w n all[ a *>itable 
tru/ to fail = want ( a tru/ee1 b w     
appo9t "o47#ehc7 ,!  doctr9e ( cy-pres z
 appli$ to *>itable gifts & tru/s1 is n 
9  =ce 9 ,alabama1 ,connecticut1        
,delaw>e1 ,indiana1 ,m>yl&1 ,i[a1 ,new  
,york1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 nor ,wiscons92 b  
seems to prevail 9 ,cali=nia1  ,ill9ois1
 ,massa*usetts1 ,miss\ri1 ,p5nsylvania1 
& ,rhode ,isl&4    99#cbf499 ,error1    
,ambiguity4--,great latitude is all[$ 9 
*>itable  beque/s1 devises1 & gifts1 9  
prov+ aliunde ! b5efici>y  int5d$ :]e   
!re is error 9 ! "n or a lat5t          
ambiguity47#ehd7 ,!  religion ( !       
te/ator w be consid]$ 9 prov+ int5tion4 
99#cbg499 ,dissolution1 ,result+        
,tru/4--,on dissolution ( a religi\s    

society1 ! money collect$ or d]iv$ f !  
sale ( prop]ty goes  back z a result+   
tru/ to ! contributors47#ehe7           
99#cbh499 ,*>ity1 ,in/itutions4--,to    
det]m9e :at is a *>itable tru/1  devise1
 or gift1 x is necess>y to p>ticul>ly   
be> 9 m9d ! mo/  compreh5sive def9ition 
( *>ity4 ,legacies = s*ools1 *ur*es1    
libr>ies1 cemet]ies1 ! poor1 hospitals1 
& num]\s o!r  eleemosyn>y in/itutions1 h
 be5 su/a9$ "u *>itable beque/s  :5 !y  
o!rwise w\ld h fail$47#ehf7             
,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,taxation              
99#cbi499 ,purposes1 ,exempt4--,only    
*ur* prop]ty t is actually us$ =  *ur*  
or *>itable purposes1 is exempt f       
taxation4 ,prop]ty held =  its increase 
or pr(it is n exempt47#ehg7 ,l& b\ght = 
a *ur* on  :i* no "w on ! *ur* is yet   
begun1 is n exempt f  taxation47#ehh7   
99#ccj499 ,lot ,isolat$1 ,n ,exempt4--,a
 lot isolat$ f ! o!r prop]ty  ( ! *ur* (
 a congregation1 is n exempt because !  
congregation  int5ds to build a *ur*    
!reon 9 ! future1 & actually did build a

  *ur* !reon two ye>s lat]47#ehi7       
99#cca499 ,bi%op's ,resid5ce1           
,hospital4--,real prop]ty ! title to :i*
 is  9 ! ar*bi%op 9 fee 9 accordance ) !
 discipl9e ( ! ,ca?olic  ,*ur*1 is n    
own$ by a religi\s association s z to   
exempt x f  taxation4 ,! records d n %[ 
a tru/ = ! diocese nor any o!r          
b5efici>y4 ,a c\rt w n take judicial    
notice ( ! laws ( !  ,ca?olic           
,*ur*47#eij7 ,b prop]ty us$ z a hospital
 to c>e = ! sick  & w\nd$ ( all races & 
religions indiscrim9ately1 ) or )\t  pay
 accord+ to ! ability ( ! pati5t1 is a  
b5evol5t in/itution  engag$ 9 a "w (    
*>ity1 & comes "u ! law ( tax           
exemption47#eia7    99#ccb499 ,p>sonage1
 ,r5t$4--,a p>sonage own$ by a          
congregation & us$  only z a resid5ce = 
! cl]gyman is n exempt because ( "s "p  
( x be+ also us$ = alleg$ religi\s      
s]vices1 to-wit3 morn+  pray]s ( !      
*ildr5 be=e s*ool1 a sew+ society1 & a  
meet+  place = ,sunday-s*ool            
tea*]s47#eib7 ,h[ev]1 a h\se & lot r5t$ 

&  kept by ! m9i/] 0 exempt f           
taxation47#eic7    99#ccc499 ,masonic   
,ord]1 ,*>ity1 ,elks4--,a *>ity :i* is  
conf9$  exclusively to ! memb]s ( !     
,masonic ,ord] & _! families or to  !   
wid[s & *ildr5 ( deceas$ memb]s or ^? :o
 are directly or  indirectly connect$ ) 
! society1 is n purely a public *>ity   
)9 ! provisions ( ! con/itution relat+  
to ! exemption (  in/itutions ( purely  
public *>ity f taxation47#eid7 ,&       
prop]ty  held by ! ,elks = ent]ta9m5t & 
to promote social int]c\rse 0  held n   
exempt47#eie7    99#ccd499 ,support+    
,*ur*1 ,mississippi4--,9 ! e>ly ages ( !
 ,/ates  sev]al ( !m _h laws = tax+ all 
! prop]ty 9 p>i%es laid out  by ! ,/ate 
= ! support ( ,prote/ant *ur*es4        
,gradually ^! laws  7 elim9at$ & at !   
pres5t "t !re is probably no ,/ate      
except+ ,mississippi t uses money = !   
support ( a *ur*4 ,ma9e  *ang$ h] laws 9
 #ahba1 & o!r ,/ates foll[$ f "t to     
"t47#eif7 ,:ile ^? taxes 7 collect$1 no 
l& )9 ! p>i% 0  exempt 9 "s ,/ates & 9  

o!rs ! prop]ty ( a non-resid5t 0        
exempt47#eig7 ,9 ,new ,hamp%ire &       
,p5nsylvania1 a p]son c\ld n be         
compell$ to pay ! taxes to a d5om9ation 
( :i* he 0 n a  memb]47#eih7            
99#cce499 ,appropriations1 ,contracts1  
,r5t4--,"u ! con/itution ( !  ,unit$    
,/ates1 ,congress c n make              
appropriations nor give aid to any      
d5om9ation4 ,also1 simil> provisions are
 9 _m ( ! con/itutions (  ! ,/ates4     
,h[ev]1 _m cases arise out ( contracts1 
:i* bord] ^u  ^! v>i\s rules1 & 9 "s    
,/ates ! con/itutional provision (  !   
,/ate is su* t ! ,/ate ,legislature may 
legislate conc]n+  religions & give     
c]ta9 aid & support !reto4 ,pay+ r5t to 
a  congregation = a s*ool-room is n an  
appropriation or aid to a *ur*  contr>y 
to ! con/itution47#eii7                 
,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,eleemosyn>y            
,,in/itutions      99#ccf499 ,poor1     
,in/itutions1 ,neglig5ce4--,z hospitals1
 homes = ! poor1  & o!r eleemosyn>y     
in/itutions are support$ by money giv5  

to  *>ity1 x w\ld be a div]sion ( ! tru/
 funds if su* in/itutions  c\ld be      
compell$ to pay damages = neglig5ce     
caus+ p]sonal injury  or dea?4 ,! g5]al 
rule is t ! p]son caus+ ! injury may be 
liable1 b n ! in/itution47#fjj7 ,h[ev]1 
a *>itable in/itution  has be5 held     
liable = neglig5ce ( its manag] to      
notify a nurse (  ! contagi\s nature ( a
 case assign$ to h]47#fja7    99#ccg499 
,surgeon1 ,gratuit\s ,s]vices4--,a      
*>itable m$ical in/itution is  n liable 
= ! neglig5ce ( its surgeon 9 op]at+ ^u 
a pati5t  gratuit\sly :]e su* in/itution
 ex]cises due c>e 9 employ+ a  surgeon  
deem$ compet5t4 ,! fact t besides su*   
gratuit\s s]vices1  m$ic9e is taught    
!re9 = tuition fees & pati5ts :o are    
able to  pay are *>g$ a small fee =     
room1 bo>d1 nurs+1 etc41 b no fee  f !  
pati5t to ! doctor1 does n *ange x f a  
*>itable  in/itution47#fjb7 ,h[ev]1 a   
hospital t is an adjunct to a m$ical    
s*ool is liable47#fjc7    99#cch499     
,*>itable ,in/itution4--,an in/itution t

 limits its  b5efactions to ! memb]s ( a
 p>ticul> d5om9ation is1 9 !  abs5ce ( a
 /atute to ! contr>y1 a *>itable        
in/itution47#fjd7 ,?is  rule has        
exceptions47#fje7    99#cci499 ,*>t]1   
,real ,e/ate4--,! tru/ees ( a religi\s1 
lit]>y1 or  o!r b5evol5t society1 c n1  
irrespective ( ! p[]s grant$ by  its    
*>t]1 pur*ase & hold real e/ate "u tru/s
 ( _! own  creation :i* w protect _!    
prop]ty f cr$itors47#fjf7    99#cdj499  
,mortma91 ,title1 ,tru/4--,! /atute (   
mortma9 0 nev] 9  =ce 9 ,p5nsylvania1 s 
a religi\s corporation c hold ! legal   
title  to l& 9 tru/ = ! heir-at-law ( a 
te/ator :o has devis$ x to  !           
corporation 9 tru/ = uses t 7 void "u ! 
,engli%  law47#fjg7 ,! only ,/ates t h  
/atutes ( mortma9 are ,mississippi  &   
,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,yet 9 ^? ,/ates !       
/atutes are some:at  diff]5t f ! law (  
,engl&4    99#cda499 ,public            
,in/itutions1 ,support4--,b5evol5t &    
*>itable  in/itutions "u a *ur* are n   
public in/itutions1 & moneys c  n be    

appropriat$ = _! support47#fjh7         
99#cdb499 ,nuns1 ,v[s1 ,prop]ty4--,:5   
jo9+ a society ( nuns1 "o ( !  v[s tak5 
0 t all prop]ty %\ld be held 9 common & 
:atev]  prop]ty 0 receiv$ aft] tak+ !   
v[s %\ld belong to ! society4  ,a p]son 
:o left ! ord] 0 n conclud$ f mak+ claim
 = h]  prop]ty47#fji7            ,,*apt]
 ,,xxvi4 ,,s*ools      99#cdc499 ,p>5t1 
,education1 ,/ate1 ,p>o*ial ,s*ools4--,!
 "r ( !  p>5t to use judgm5t z to !     
prop] necess>ies ( 8 *ild1  includ+     
bo>d1 lodg+1 & education1 is g5]ally    
conc$$4 ,h[ev]1  !re mu/ be no abuse (  
^! p>5tal rights1 z ! *ild also has     
rights t ev5 a p>5t c n infr+e4 ,!re=e1 
! ,/ate may  require a reasonable       
opportunity = ! education ( e *ild2 & if
  ! p>5t c n give x on acc\nt ( 8       
pov]ty1 x is 9 ! p[]  ( ! ,/ate to take 
8 *ild 9 *>ge & furni% him an education4
 ,!  "r ( ! ,/ate to make laws requir+ a
 p>5t to s5d 8 *ild to  s*ool betwe5    
c]ta9 ages1 z f f\r to tw5ty-"o ye>s1 is
 well  settl$4 ,! "q ( ! p>5t's be+     

oblig$ to s5d 8 *ild to  ! public s*ools
 or be+ =bidd5 to s5d 8 *ild to a       
private or  p>o*ial s*ool1 is n settl$ 9
 "s ,/ates2 b x is be+ settl$  9 favor (
 ! p>5t4 ,! ,k5tucky con/itution conta9s
 ?is provision3  8444 nor %all any man  
be compell$ to s5d 8 *ild to any s*ool  
to  :i* he may be consci5ti\sly         
oppos$407#faj7 ,! "r ( ! ,/ate to       
sup]vise or inspect private & p>o*ial   
s*ools "u ! police p[]  ( ! ,/ate c n be
 que/ion$47#faa7    99#cdd499 ,orphan   
,asylums1 ,s*ool ,moneys4--,9 #ahej !   
,new ,york ,legislature  enact$ a law z 
foll[s3 8,! s*ools ( ! sev]al           
incorporat$ orphan  asylums )9 ! ,/ate  
o!r ?an ^? 9 ! city ( ,new ,york1 %all  
p>ticipate 9 ! di/ribution ( ! s*ool    
moneys 9 ! same mann]  & to ! same ext5t
 9 proportion to ! numb] ( *ildr5       
educat$  !re91 z ! common s*ools 9 _!   
respective cities & di/ricts40  ,! c\rt 
rul$ t moneys devot$ by ! con/itution to
 ! ,/ate =  ! support ( common s*ools   
c\ld n be di/ribut$ "u ! act1 =  !      

reason t su* asylums are n public       
s*ools2 b moneys f o!r  s\rces might be 
paid = ! education ( su* orphan *ildr5 9
  proportion to _! numb] to ^? educat$ 9
 ! common s*ools (  _! respective cities
 & di/ricts47#fab7 ,! s*ools kept by !  
,roman  ,ca?olic ,orphan ,asylum        
,society ( ! city ( ,brooklyn1 are n    
common  s*ools )9 ! mean+ ( !           
con/itution1 & a provision ( law  t su* 
s*ools %\ld %>e 9 ! di/ribution ( s*ool 
moneys rais$  by ! ,/ate 0 void47#fac7  
99#cde499 ,contract1 ,direct ,paym5t1   
,lease4--,no s*ool ( any d5om9ation or  
sect is entitl$ to public moneys = its  
support1 ei!r by contract =  ! education
 ( /ud5ts !re9 or by direct paym5t f !  
gov]nm5t47#fad7 ,a s*ool conduct$ by !  
,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 :i*  religi\s          
in/ruction is giv5 to ,ca?olic *ildr5 is
 a sect>ian  in/itution )9 !            
con/itutional provision aga9/ us+ public
 funds  = sect>ian purposes2 b public   
s*ool money exp5d$ = su* a s*ool        
conduct$ by ?is s*ool di/rict c\ld n be 

recov]$ by suit aga9/  ! s*ool          
(fic]s47#fae7 ,also1 a s*ool ma9ta9$ z a
 *>ity "u  direction ( tru/ees elect$ by
 ! t[n :]e !y mu/ be ( a c]ta9          
religion1 is n entitl$ to public        
moneys47#faf7 ,b ! lease ( a "p  ( a    
p>o*ial s*ool build+ or ! basem5t ( a   
*ur* = public  s*ool purpos$ does n     
violate ! law47#fag7 ,9 ! ,/ates (      
,ma9e1  ,i[a1 ,massa*usetts1 ,ill9ois1  
,ohio1 ,kansas1 & ,texas1 ! read+ ( !   
,k+ ,james ,bible & ! s++ ( hymns & say+
 pray]s h be5  held n sect>ian47#fah7 ,b
 9 ,wiscons91 ! c\rt rul$ ! o!r         
way47#fai7    99#cdf499 ,tea*]1 ,"l's   
,pray]1 ,ex]cise4--8,a public s*ool     
tea*]1 :o1  = ! purpose ( quiet+ !      
pupils & prep>+ !m = _!  regul> /udies1 
repeats ! ,"l's ,pray] & ! ,tw5ty-second
 ,psalm z  a morn+ ex]cise1 )\t comm5t  
or rem>k1 9 :i* none ( ! pupils  are    
requir$ to p>ticipate1 is n conduct+ a  
=m ( religi\s wor%ip  or giv+ sect>ian  
or religi\s in/ruction407#fbj7          
,sub/antially ! same  rule applies 9    

,p5nsylvania47#fba7 ,h[ev]1 simil>      
religi\s ex]cises  conduct$ by ,ca?olic 
tea*]s h g5]ally be5 held sect>ian & n  
p]missible 9 public s*ools47#fbb7       
99#cdg499 ,ohio1 ,directors1 ,bible4--,!
 con/itution ( ! ,/ate ( ,ohio  does n  
enjo9 nor require religi\s in/ruction or
 ! read+ (  religi\s books 9 ! public   
s*ools4 ,! bo>d ( directors ( a  di/rict
 has *>ge ( ! in/ruction & books to be  
us$ !re91 &  _! (ficial discretion w n  
be int]f]$ )4 ,!re=e1 !y  7 au?oriz$ to 
h ! ,bible read at ! op5+ ( !           
s*ool47#fbc7    99#cdh499 ,public       
,s*ool1 ,bible1 ,pray]4--,! committee   
hav+ control ( a  public s*ool may make 
a rule requir+ ! s*ool to be op5$ by    
read+  f ! ,bible & pray] e morn+1 & t  
ea* *ild %all b[ !  head dur+ su*       
pray]s2 t any s*ol> %all be excus$ f b[+
  ! head ^: p>5ts reque/ x2 & :5 any    
s*ol> refuses to obey  su* rule & 8     
p>5ts refuse to reque/ t he %all be     
excus$1 !  committee may exclude su*    
s*ol> f ! s*ool47#fbd7    99#cdi499     

,text-,books1 ,/ate4--,! ,/ate has ! p[]
 to grant au?ority to  ! ,/ate ,bo>d (  
,education to select & prescribe        
text-books to be us$  9 ! public s*ools 
( ! ,/ate47#fbe7    99#cej499 ,bible1   
,consci5ce1 ,con/itution4--,! p>5t ( a  
*ild expell$  f ! public s*ool c n      
ma9ta9 an action aga9/ ! s*ool          
committee by ^: ord]s x 0 done4 ,9 !    
same case x 0 held t a  rule requir+ e  
s*ol> to read a p>ticul> v]sion ( !     
,bible1  ?\gh x may be aga9/ ! consci5ce
 ( "s to d s1 does n violate  ! lett] or
 _s ( ! con/itution47#fbf7    99#cea499 
,s*oolh\se1 ,sunday-,s*ool              
,purposes4--,! inhabitants ( a s*ool    
di/rict h no "r to use ! s*oolh\se =    
religi\s meet+ on  ,sunday aga9/ !      
objection ( any taxpay] 9 ! di/rict1    
not)/&+ t ! (fic]s ( ! di/rict grant$   
su* "r4 ,a  taxpay] may obta9 an        
injunction aga9/ su* use1 al?\gh !      
injury to  him be v slight1 z he has no 
o!r rem$y47#fbg7 ,a di/rict s*ool  bo>d 
c n au?orize ! use ( ! s*oolh\se = any  

o!r ?an  s*ool purposes47#fbh7          
99#ceb499 ,*ild1 ,immoral ,"*4--,! s*ool
 committee 9 ord] to  ma9ta9 purity &   
discipl9e1 may exclude !refrom a *ild   
:om !y  deem to be ( lic5ti\s or immoral
 "*1 al?\gh su* "* is  n manife/$ 9 acts
 ( lic5ti\sness or immorality )9 !      
s*ool47#fbi7    99#cec499 ,p>5ts1       
,/udies1 ,tea*]4--,! requirem5t ( a     
tea*] t a  s*ol> 9 gramm> %all write    
,engli% composition is a reasonable "o1 
& refusal to comply !re) 9 ! abs5ce ( a 
reque/ f 8  p>5ts t he be excus$        
!refrom1 w ju/ify ! expulsion ( a  s*ol>
 f s*ool47#fcj7 ,b :5 a p>5t selects    
c]ta9 /udies t  ! law provides to be    
taught = 8 *ild to /udy1 ! tea*] has no 
"r to insi/ t ! *ild %all take "s o!r   
/udy & inflict  puni%m5t to en=ce       
ob$i5ce47#fca7    99#ced499 ,*a/isem5t1 
,cruel4--,! *a/isem5t ( a s*ol> by !    
s*oolma/] mu/ n be excessive or cruel1 b
 x %\ld be reasonably  proportion$ to ! 
(f5se & )9 ! b\nds ( mod]ation47#fcb7   
99#cee499 ,s*oolma/]1                   

,au?ority4--,al?\gh a s*oolma/] has 9   
g5]al  no "r to puni% a pupil =         
misconduct aft] ! dismissal ( !  s*ool =
 ! day & ! return ( ! pupil to 8 home1  
yet he may on  ! pupil's return to s*ool
 puni% him = any misbehavior1 ?\gh      
committ$ out ( s*ool1 :i* has a direct &
 imm$iate t5d5cy to  injure ! s*ool & to
 subv]t ! ma/]'s au?ority4 ,! fact t !  
ma/] act$ 9 good fai? w n excuse him f  
damages = !  puni%m5t ( a s*ol> :]e !   
puni%m5t is cle>ly excessive &          
unnecess>y4 ,h[ev]1 :]e !re is a        
reasonable d\bt ! ma/] %\ld  h ! b5efit 
( x47#fcc7    99#cef499 ,=ce1           
,assi/ance4--,& :]e a s*ol> 9 s*ool h\rs
 places  himself 9 ! desk ( ! in/ructor 
& refuses to leave x on !  reque/ ( !   
ma/]1 ! ma/] may imm$iately use su* =ce 
& call  to 8 assi/ance su* aid f ano!r  
p]son z may be necess>y to  remove !    
s*ol>4 ,! same rule w\ld apply to any "o
 :o is n a  s*ol> & intrudes ^u !       
s*ool47#fcd7    99#ceg499 ,:ite1        
,unm>ri$4--,be=e ! adoption ( ! f\rte5? 

am5dm5t  x 0 necess>y 9 mo/ ,/ates t 9  
addition to ! *ild be+ "u  tw5ty-"o ye>s
 ( age1 he mu/ be ( :ite blood &        
unm>ri$47#fce7 ,9  ,ohio1 negroes1      
,indians1 & *ildr5 ( less ?an half :ite 
blood1 7  n entitl$ to ! b5efit ( !     
s*ool fund2 & ev5 :]e ?is w\ld  entirely
 exclude f s*ool *ildr5 n suffici5t to  
=m a di/rict1  /ill x 0 held t su*      
*ildr5 c\ld n att5d ! :ite  s*ool47#fcf7
    99#ceh499 ,facilities1 !            
,con/itution4--,s long z abundant       
facilities are  giv5 = ! education ( all
 ! *ildr5 ( a di/rict1 x is n a         
violation ( ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates to keep negro & :ite  p sep>at$4 
,! same rule applies to c\rts47#fcg7    
99#cei499 ,resid5ts1 ,public            
,s*ools4--,*ildr5 9 a ,g]man ,prote/ant 
orphan  asylum are n 8*ildr51 w>ds1 or  
appr5tices ( actual resid5ts0 9  !      
di/rict ( ! asylum1 & !re=e are n       
entitl$ to ent] !  public s*ools ( !    
di/rict47#fch7    99#cfj499 ,bo>d1      
,majority4--,two ( ! ?ree memb]s ( a    

s*ool bo>d h  no au?ority to act by     
!mselves1 & _! individual agreem5t to   
dismiss a tea*] is void4 ,a s*ool bo>d c
 only act at a duly call$  meet+ ( !    
bo>d1 & !n ! majority vote duly tak5    
decides47#fci7            ,,*apt]       
,,xxvii4 ,,p>5t ,,& ,,*ild              
99#cfa499 ,cu/ody1 ,mat]nal ,relatives1 
,fa!r4--,a p>5t is entitl$ to !  c>e &  
cu/ody ( 8 *ild if he is compet5t to    
transact 8 own  bus9ess & n o!rwise     
unsuitable4 ,& ! m]e fact t ! mat]nal   
relatives :o h _h ! c>e ( ! *ild f its  
bir? h become  atta*$ to x & desire to  
cont9ue to c>e = x & are able to  secure
 x bett] advantages ?an its p>5t1 does n
 r5d] ! p>5t  unsuitable to h its c>e & 
cu/ody )9 ! mean+ ( ! /atute4  ,also1 ! 
want ( a sympa!tic nature or cold res]ve
 9 a p>5t or !  fact t he is away on    
bus9ess a great deal ( ! "t1 is n       
suffici5t to r5d] him unsuitable4 ,b !  
"r ( ! fa!r may be  lo/ or =feit$ by 8  
ill-conduct1 gross ill-treatm5t1        
cruelty1 or  ab&onm5t1 or :5 8 conduct &

 life are su* z are injuri\s to !       
morals & int]e/ ( 8 *ild4 ,:5 ! fa!r    
dies or =feits 8  "r = reasons already  
giv51 ! "m1 if alive1 succe$s to all  ^?
 rights1 subject1 h[ev]1 to ! same      
conditions z ! fa!r4 ,&  9 ! case ( a   
*ild ( t5d] ye>s1 ! good ( ! *ild has to
 be  reg>d$ z ! pr$om9ant               
consid]ation47#fdj7    99#cfb499 ,"m1   
,illegitimate1 ,fa!r4--,! "m has a "r to
 ! c>e  & cu/ody ( h] illegitimate *ild 
to ! same ext5t t a p>5t has  to 8      
legitimate *ild47#fda7 ,! putative fa!r 
on ! "m's dea?  succe$s to ! "m's rights
 z aga9/ ! mat]nal relatives & may      
secure ! cu/ody ( ! *ild by habeas      
corpus4 ,?is rule is diff]5t  f ! "o t  
prevail$ 9 ! ,roman law47#fdb7 ,h[ev]1  
:5 !  fa!r has giv5 bond = ! c>e1       
support1 & education ( an  illegitimate 
*ild1 8 "r to ! cu/ody ( ! *ild may be  
sup]ior47#fdc7    99#cfc499             
,legitimatiz$4--,& :5 "u a /atute a *ild
 is legitimatiz$  by ackn[l$gm5t or     
subsequ5t m>riage1 ! fa!r has ! bett] "r

  to its cu/ody47#fdd7 ,usually !re are 
_m provisions 9 ! /atutes (  ! v>i\s    
,/ates :i* sub/antially provide = !     
rights1 relative  & o!rwise1 ( ! p>5ts &
 *ild 9 su* cases4    99#cfd499         
,puni%m5t1 ,in/rum5t1 ,murd]4--,a p>5t  
or a p]son 9 =o  dome/ico or 9 loco     
p>5tis may give reasonable corrective   
puni%m5t  ) a fit in/rum5t to a *ild4 ,b
 if a p>5t or ma/] :ips a *ild  s t x   
dies1 he is guilty ( manslaught]4 ,& if 
he uses le?al  in/rum5ts ( puni%m5t1 he 
is guilty ( murd]47#fde7 ,:]e a "m 9    
ang] ?rew a pok] at "o *ild & hit &     
kill$ ano!r *ild1 %e 0  guilty (        
manslaught]47#fdf7 ,! puni%m5t always   
becomes unlawful :5  x is excessive1 &  
drunk5ness is no excuse47#fdg7          
99#cfe499 ,gu>dian1 ,religion1          
,c\rts4--,9 ,engl& :]e a *ild 0 tak5  f 
! te/am5t>y gu>dian1 :o aft] ! dea? ( ! 
te/ator  *ang$ h] religion f a          
,prote/ant to a ,ca?olic1 x 0 held !reby
  to be incompet5t to cont9ue z         
gu>dian47#fdh7 ,& 9 ,new ,york x 0  held

 t :]e ! fa!r & "m 7 ,ca?olics1 !       
gu>dian mu/  endeavor to br+ ! *ildr5 up
 9 t fai?1 z a gu>dian w n be  p]mitt$  
to proselyte w>ds47#fdi7 ,b :]e a fa!r  
:o 0 a ,ca?olic  all[$ 8 *ild to be     
br\ght up by a mat]nal aunt :o 0 a      
,prote/ant1 until ! *ild 0 f\rte5 ye>s (
 age1 ! fa!r 0 n  !n entitl$ to ! *ild's
 cu/ody = ! purpose ( hav+ x  in/ruct$ 9
 8 own fai?47#fej7 ,c\rts w n int]f]e ) 
!  religion ( a *ild1 b w all[ x to be  
br\ght up 9 ! religion (  its p>5ts2    
h[ev]1 ! be/ int]e/s ( ! *ild w be      
consid]$  by ! c\rt )\t conc$+ ev]y?+   
else to its religion47#fea7    99#cff499
 ,conv5t1 ,cons5t4--,a daught] "u age :o
 ent]$ a conv5t to  become a nun )\t !  
cons5t ( h] "m1 may1 on a writ ( habeas 
corpus on ! petition ( h] "m1 be requir$
 to leave ! conv5t  & return to h]      
home47#feb7    99#cfg499 ,adoption1     
,rights1 ,duties4--,p]sons ( suitable   
age &  circum/ances to ent] ! m>ital    
relations1 may adopt a *ild4 ,:5 a      
m>ri$ c\ple d n unite 9 adopt+ a *ild1 !

 cons5t ( !  non-adopt+ sp\se mu/ be    
obta9$4 ,also1 if ! *ild's p>5ts are    
liv+1 _! cons5t is necess>y unless !y h 
lo/ _! pat]nal  rights by ab&onm5t or   
divorce4 ,! decree ( adoption may be set
 aside  = good cause4 ,! adopt$ p>5t has
 all ! rights ov] & duties  t[>d ! p]son
 ( ! adopt$ *ild t a natural p>5t has1  
includ+ necess>ies & religi\s tra9+4    
,usually ! *ild inh]its  f ! adopt$     
p>5ts1 b ! adopt$ p>5ts d n inh]it f !  
*ild4 ,! /atutes on adoption are n !    
same 9 ! sev]al ,/ates1  b !y cov] !    
subject & mu/ be /rictly foll[$47#fec7  
99#cfh499 ,infancy1 ,manumission1       
,m>riage4--,at common law a p]son is an 
infant until he is tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age4 
,/atutes h modifi$ t  rule s t girls 9  
"s ,/ates1 & bo? girls & boys 9 o!rs1   
may  contract m>riage at an e>li] age   
)\t ! p>5tal cons5t4  ,g5]ally1 an      
infant c n contract m>riage )\t ! cons5t
 ( !  liv+ p>5t or gu>dian unless ! *ild
 has be5 manumitt$4 ,:]e !  boy 0 "u !  
age ( cons5t1 b he falsely told ! prie/ 

t he  0 ( full age1 8 fa!r _h ! m>riage 
annull$47#fed7            ,,*apt]       
,,xxviii4 ,,husb& ,,& ,,wife            
99#cfi499 ,cu/ody1 ,fa!r4--,a husb& is  
entitl$ to ! cu/ody ( 8 wife  aga9/ h]  
fa!r1 & :]e a son-9-law kill$ 8         
fa!r-9-law 9  resi/+ ! latt] f tak+ 8   
daught] out ( 8 7!  son-9-law's7 h\se1 !
 c\rt held t x c\ld n be m ?an          
manslaught]2 & if x 7 necess>y to kill  
to protect & ma9ta9 8  wife1 ! def5dant 
0 n guilty47#fee7 ,b = good cause & )\t 
malice a p>5t may advise 8 *ild to leave
 sp\se47#fef7    99#cgj499 ,corrective  
,au?ority1 ,s]vices1 ,domicile4--,9     
,am]ica a husb&  ga9s no "r to          
corrective au?ority ov] 8 wife4 ,he c   
nei!r :ip  h] nor use abusive language  
to h]4 ,! same rule applies to ! wife1 z
  !y /& equal be=e ! law47#feg7 ,h[ev]1 
a husb& is entitl$ to  all ! s]vices ( 8
 wife & a promise to pay h] extra =     
h\sework  c n be en=c$47#feh7 ,also1 !  
husb& has ! "r to det]m9e  _! place (   
domicile1 & if ! wife unreasonably      

refuses to accompany  h] husb&1 x is    
des]tion1 = :i* he may obta9 a          
divorce47#fei7            ,,*apt]       
,,xxix4 ,,indians      99#cga499        
,indians1 ,citiz5s1 ,w>ds4--,!re are a  
great numb] ( /atutory  provisions      
conc]n+ ,indians1 bo? 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
/atutes & 9  ! /atutes ( ! sev]al       
,/ates1 mo/ ( :i* are n ( great         
importance at ! pres5t "t1 z ! ,indians 
are conf9$ to a few  ,/ates4 ,:5 !y     
become citiz5s ( ! ,/ate 9 :i* !y       
reside1 _!  /atus is ! same z o!r       
citiz5s2 b s long z !y rema9 9 _!       
tribal relations !y are tak5 c>e ( z    
w>ds ( ! ,union4    99#cgb499 ,s*ools1  
,cemet]ies1 ,*ur*es4--,9 ,oklahoma !re  
are s*ools  provid$ = !m4 ,:5 a tribe   
c$es #afj acres to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 x  w
 give x a s*ool = t5 ye>s1 & z mu* long]
 z x deems  necess>y4 ,also1 ! ,indians 
may h _! own cemet]ies1 s*ools1 &       
*ur*es1 :]e ! ,indians belong to !      
tribes1 & !y are all[$  l&s !re=47#ffj7 
,9 o!r ,/ates1 "u ! g5]al law1 ! money (

  ,indian m9ors may be held 9 ! treasury
 by ! ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior  & paid to 
p>5ts & gu>dians 9 su* sums & at su*    
times z !  ,secret>y 9 8 discretion may 
det]m9e47#ffa7 ,!re is no d\bt t out  ( 
^? moneys1 p>5ts might pay = _! *ildr5  
at private  s*ools47#ffb7    99#cgc499  
,inspectors1 ,duties4--,"u ! ,unit$     
,/ates laws1 inspectors are  appo9t$ to 
visit ,indian ag5cies & inve/igate all  
matt]s conc]n+  !m & to exam9e all      
contracts & acc\nts ) ! ,indians & make 
report !reon to ! ,secret>y ( !         
,int]ior4 ,! contracts = support  (     
religion1 s*ools1 & *>itable            
in/itutions1 come "u _!  duties47#ffc7  
99#cgd499 ,presid5t1 ,trades4--,!       
,presid5t may cause ,indians to be      
in/ruct$ 9 trades & agriculture & h !m  
taught ! elem5t>y  bran*es47#ffd7       
99#cge499 ,commission]1 ,s*ool1         
,rations1 ,bible1 ,sect>ian4--,ano!r    
(fic]  ( great importance is !          
,commission] ( ,indian ,affairs1 :o has 
mo/ to  d ) ! education & s*ools ( !    

,indians47#ffe7 ,he may require  p>5ts &
 gu>dians to s5d *ildr5 to s*ool & )hold
 rations f  !m = failure s to d4 ,also1 
!re is a fund "u ! control ( !  ,unit$  
,/ates z tru/ee1 ) :i* he may make      
contracts = !  education ( ,indian      
*ildr5 at private s*ools47#fff7 ,h[ev]1 
!  jurisdiction ( ! commission] ov]     
,indian *ildr5 does n ext5d to  ^? (f ! 
res]vation47#ffg7 ,among o!r provisions 
( ! ,unit$  ,/ates /atutes is ! foll[+3 
8,! ,*ri/ian ,bible may be taught 9  !  
native language ( ! ,indians if 9 !     
judgm5t ( ! p]sons 9  *>ge ( ! s*ool x  
may be deem$ conducive to ! moral welf>e
 &  in/ruction ( ! pupils 9 su*         
s*ools407#ffh7 ,! ,bible cont9ues its   
position among ! ,indians1 b            
appropriations = ! ,*ur* are cut (f  by 
! foll[+ provision3 8,x is h]eby decl>$ 
to be ! settl$  policy ( ! gov]nm5t to  
h]eaft] make no appropriations :atev] = 
education 9 any sect>ian s*ool407#ffi7  
,,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,,juv5ile ,,c\rts        
99#cgf499 ,re=matories1 ,object1        

,lib]ty4--,dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s  juv5ile 
c\rts h be5 creat$ = ! purpose (        
committ+ *ildr5  to re=matories4 ,!     
proce$+s are n crim9al actions1 b ( an  
equitable nature47#fgj7 ,h[ev]1 z !     
object is to deprive ! *ild (  its      
lib]ty1 ! /atute mu/ be /rictly con/ru$ 
& foll[$47#fga7 ,an  infant c n waive a 
"r47#fgb7 ,if a *ild has be5 wrongfully 
committ$ or is wrongfully deta9$1 !     
prop] rem$y = 8 dis*>ge  is a writ (    
habeas corpus47#fgc7            ,,*apt] 
,,xxxi4 ,,libel ,,& ,,sl&]              
99#cgg499 ,confid5tial1 ,tribunal1      
,malice4--,! rule is t all confid5tial  
/atem5ts made to an (fic] or a tribunal 
( ! *ur* conc]n+ a  memb] 9 ! c\rse (   
*ur* discipl9e & = ! good ( ! *ur*1  if 
n made ) malice1 are privileg$1 & no    
action = libel or  sl&] c be ma9ta9$    
!re=47#fgd7    99#cgh499 ,memb]1 ,(fic]1
 ,c\ncils4--,b sl&]\s or libel\s        
/atem5ts  made conc]n+ a p]son n a memb]
 ( ! *ur* or made conc]n+ a  memb] ( !  
*ur* to ano!r memb] :o is n ei!r an     

(fic] or 9  ! c\ncils ( ! *ur*1 are     
actionable & ! p]son mak+ or  publi%+   
su* /atem5ts is liable = damages4 ,also1
 a p]son :o  repeats a libel or sl&] may
 be liable z ?\gh he 7 !                
orig9ator47#fge7    99#cgi499 ,(ficial  
,communication1 ,privileg$4--,an (ficial
 communication  betwe5 au?orities ( !   
*ur* or an au?ority & a memb] ( !  *ur* 
conc]n+ a *ur* matt] or *ur* memb]s & n 
made 9  malice1 is privileg$47#fgf7     
99#chj499 ,prie/1 ,pa/oral              
,duties4--,:]e a prie/ publi%$ f ! alt> 
t 8,pet] ,s]vatius is excommunicat$1    
because he laid h&s on !  prie/ to put  
him out ( ! *ur*1 & he has no m b5efit (
 !  pray]s ( ! *ur*4 ,i w n pray = him1 
& consid] him a lo/  %eep & )draw all my
 pa/oral bless+s f him4 ,if he die1 !   
burial rights ( ! *ur* w be d5i$ him10  
su* rem>ks 7 held  defamatory1 unless !y
 7 spok5 9 ! prop] dis*>ge ( !  prie/'s 
cl]ical & pa/oral duties & )\t malice2 &
 ! case  %\ld h be5 submitt$ on !       
evid5ce to a jury47#fgg7    99#cha499   

,*ur* ,record1 ,excommunication4--,an   
entry ( a *ur* record t  8,a report     
rais$ & circulat$ by ,a4 ,b4 aga9/      
,bro!r ,c41 /at+ t  he made him pay a   
note twice1 & prov$ by ,a4 ,b4 z false10
 is  libel\s47#fgh7 ,b an entry (       
excommunication ( a memb] made 9 !      
record & %[n to o!r memb]s1 is n        
libel\s1 ! latt] be+  prop]ly a "p ( !  
record & ! =m] extrane\s47#fgi7         
99#chb499 ,w1 ,libel1 ,action4--,! w ( a
 prie/ conta9$ a /atem5t  t a relative  
_h receiv$ #cjj f him = clo?+1          
ma9t5ance1  education1 etc41 & promis$  
to repay x1 b paid no "p ( x4 ,!n       
te/ator bequea!d said #cjj to two       
legatees to collect = _! own  use4 ,!   
relative fil$ a petition ask+ ! e/ate ( 
! prie/ to be  held liable = a libel 9 !
 sum ( #ej1jjj & ! c\rt held t z  ! "r (
 action did n accrue until aft] ! dea? (
 ! te/ator1  !re 0 a "r ( action aga9/ !
 e/ate4 ,z ! case nev] got  beyond !    
probate c\rt1 its au?ority is           
d\btful47#fhj7    99#chc499 ,language1  

,insane1 ,good ,fai?4--,unless !        
language is us$ by !  bi%op 9 ! l9e ( 8 
duty1 a /atem5t t a prie/ is            
irresponsible  & insane1 t he 0 remov$ f
 8 position ( prie/ = good  reason1 & t 
he has be5 guilty ( ecclesia/ical       
disob$i5ce1 is  sl&]\s p] se4 ,to make a
 communication betwe5 a bi%op & prie/   
privileg$ x mu/ h be5 spok5 9 good fai? 
& 9 belief t !  speak+ ( x came )9 !    
dis*>ge ( ! bi%op's duty47#fha7         
99#chd499 ,rector1 ,bigamy1 ,tobacco1   
,liquor4--,9 a case :]e ! rector ( an   
,episcopal *ur* call$ ^u a man *>g$ )   
bigamy & aft] a private  conv]sation !  
m9i/] wrote a lett] to ! di/rict        
attorney on  behalf ( ! prison]1 x 0    
held n privileg$ because x 0 n made  9  
confid5ce ( ! relation & 0 n kept z a   
secret47#fhb7 ,a lett]  f a *ur* memb] (
 "o congregation to ! eld]s ( ano!r     
congregation advis+ !m ( ! unfitness ( a
 cl]gyman appo9t$ to  ! latt] p>i%1 &   
/at+ t he us$ tobacco & liquor1 t he  0 
an untru?ful man1 & t 8 family 0 no     

cr$it to ! community1  0                
quasi-privileg$2 & 9 ! abs5ce ( pro( t !
 *>ges 7  false & malici\s 0 n          
actionable47#fhc7    99#che499          
,newspap]s1 ,criticisms1 ,prie/4--,a    
newspap] has a "r to  publi% criticisms 
( ! conduct ( a prie/ 9 c]ta9 s]vices   
held 9  8 *ur* if no false /atem5t (    
facts is giv51 s9ce su* conduct is  a   
prop] subject ( discussion2 & if su*    
article conta9s a /atem5t  t if c]ta9   
publi%$ acc\nts ( ! conduct ( ! prie/   
are true  he act$ 9 an improp] mann]1   
etc41 x is n libel\s because su*  facts 
are n true1 z x is n an affirmation ( ! 
tru? !re(4  ,:]e ! alleg$ libel 0       
publi%$ 9 a =eign language & !          
correctness ( ! translation 0 disput$1 x
 0 an error = ! judge  to in/ruct ! jury
 t if ! translation introduc$ 9 evid5ce 
0  correct1 ! def5dant 0 liable1 s9ce   
pla9tiff's "r to recov]  %\ld n be made 
to dep5d on ! absolute accuracy ( !     
translation47#fhd7    99#chf499         
,cl]gyman1 ,discipl9e1 ,tribunals1      

,te/imony1 ,argum5t4--,:at a  cl]gyman  
says 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! discipl9e ( ! 
*ur* or  :at is said 9 tribunals to     
en=ce discipl9e ( ! *ur*1 includ+       
te/imony & legitimate argum5t )9 ! scope
 ( ! case1 if said 9  good fai? & )\t   
malice1 is n actionable 9 ! civil       
c\rts47#fhe7    99#chg499 ,physical     
,discipl9e1 ,imprisonm5t1 ,c\rts4--,a   
cl]gyman :o claims  to h be5 sl&]$ by a 
p>i%ion] c n adm9i/] physical  discipl9e
 nor put ! (f5d] "u re/ra9t )\t leav+   
himself  liable = damages = assault &   
batt]y or false imprisonm5t4 ,if !      
cl]gyman desires to treat ! *>ge z a    
*ur* matt]1 he mu/ g into  ! *ur*       
tribunal2 o!rwise1 8 prop] c\rse is to  
br+ an action  = sl&] 9 ! ,/ate         
c\rt47#fhf7    99#chh499 ,s]mon1 ,false 
,/atem5t1 ,crime4--,a cl]gyman may1 by  
words us$ 9  a s]mon1 sl&] a memb] ( 8  
congregation4 ,h[ev]1 if he makes no    
false /atem5t & does n falsely or       
malici\sly *>ge a crime1 :at  he says 9 
! way ( discipl9e is privileg$47#fhg7 ,!

 mean+ ( !  words 8%e is a dirty1 vile  
woman10 c n be ext5d$ by innu5do47#fhh7 
99#chi499 ,*>ges1 ,robb$1               
,hypocrite4--,*>ges t a p]son has robb$ 
a  *ur* or has /ol5 f a *ur*1 are       
actionable47#fhi7 ,also1 *>g+ a  p]son )
 be+ a hypocrite & us+ ! cloak (        
religion = unwor?y  purposes1 is        
sl&]\s47#fij7    99#cij499              
,inve/igation1 ,probable ,cause4--,:5 a 
memb] ( a *ur* cons5ts  to an           
inve/igation on compla9t be=e a p]son :o
 is n a memb]1 if  ! compla9t 0 made on 
probable cause & n "u ! pret5ce (       
expos+ ! def5dant to scorn or obloquy1  
he c\ld n subsequ5tly  br+ an action =  
libel47#fia7    99#cia499               
,sacram5ts4--,to publi% ( a p]son t he  
has be5 depriv$ (  ! sacram5ts ( ! *ur* 
to :i* he belongs1 is libel\s47#fib7    
99#cib499 ,obitu>y1 ,toll+ ,bell4--,to  
falsely & malici\sly publi% an  obitu>y 
notice ( a p]son liv+1 is good gr\nd =  
an action =  libel47#fic7 ,h[ev]1 a     
compla9t t a *ur* toll$ its bell to     

ann\nce  ! dea? ( a memb]1 & did report 
him dead :5 he 0 actually  liv+1 & t x 0
 all done = ! purpose ( annoy+1 h>ass+1 
& vex+ ! p]son & 8 family1 0 held n     
suffici5t to support  an action = libel4
 ,! latt] case is d\btful law47#fid7    
99#cic499 ,newspap]1 ,pr(ane ,swe>]4--,a
 newspap] 9 a notice ( ! dea?  ( a *ur* 
memb] has ! "r to /ate t he 0 a pr(ane  
swe>]1  if su* 0 ! case47#fie7          
99#cid499 ,bus9ess or ,prop]ty1 ,special
 ,damages4--,a company incorporat$ =  ! 
purpose ( transact+ bus9ess :i* w\ld    
include hospitals1  s*ools1 & indu/rial 
in/itutions1 may ma9ta9 an action =     
libel !  same z an individual = any     
words affect+ its bus9ess or prop]ty1 if
  special damages are alleg$ &          
prov$47#fif7    99#cie499 ,ju/ification1
 ,repeat+4--,x is no ju/ification t     
libel\s  matt] _h be5 previ\sly publi%$ 
by a ?ird p]son1 t ! "n (  su* p]son 0  
disclos$ at ! "t ( repeat+ ! libel1 & t 
!  p]son :o 0 repeat+ x believ$ all !   
/atem5ts 9 ! libel to be  true47#fig7   

,,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,,crimes      99#cif499
 ,s9s1 ,crimes1 ,discipl9e4--,crimes are
 (f5ses aga9/ ! civil  law4 ,! fact t ! 
*ur* organization may try & puni% a     
memb] =  s9n+1 or acquit him1 has no?+  
:atev] to d ) ! adm9i/ration  ( !       
crim9al law ( ! ,/ate4 ,!re=e1 a memb]  
may be arre/$ &  tri$ = any (f5se be=e  
or aft] ! ecclesia/ical tribunal has    
tak5 action 9 ! matt]4 ,b !re are c]ta9 
crimes ( a religi\s  nature ( :i* !     
civil law assumes jurisdiction &        
puni%es1 su* z  blasphemy17#fih7 di/urb+
 religi\s meet+s17#fii7 etc4 ,mo/ ( ^?  
laws are /atutory & dep5d :olly ^u !    
/atute ( ! ,/ate :]e  ! crime is        
committ$4    99#cig499 ,pr(ane          
,language1 ,smok+1 ,di/urbance4--,rude  
behavior or pr(ane  language if         
audible17#gjj7 smok+ 9 ! *ur* or dur+   
s]vices17#gja7  crack+ & eat+ nuts 9    
*ur*17#gjb7 & fight+ ne> ! *ur* s  z to 
di/urb ! s]vices1 are violations ( !    
law47#gjc7 ,a fa!r's  tak+ 8 *ild out ( 
! *ur* ) viol5ce is a di/urbance ( !    

meet+47#gjd7 ,! di/urbance ( any memb] (
 ! congregation assembl$  = religi\s    
wor%ip is a violation ( law47#gje7 ,a   
s5t5ce ( #ajj f9e  or "o ye>'s          
imprisonm5t 9 ! p5it5ti>y1 is n         
excessive or cruel  or unusual puni%m5t 
on conviction = di/urb+ a meet+47#gjf7  
99#cih499 ,sunday-,s*ool1 ,*ur*4--,an   
ord9>y ,sunday-s*ool :]e ! ,bible  &    
religi\s precepts are taught1 is a *ur* 
)9 ! law47#gjg7    99#cii499 ,private   
,s*ool4--,a p]son may be puni%$ "u !    
/atute =  wilfully di/urb+ a private    
s*ool kept 9 a di/rict s*oolh\se =      
in/ruction 9 ! art ( writ+47#gjh7       
99#djj499 ,di/urb+ a ,religi\s          
,meet+4--,"u a /atute aga9/  di/urb+ a  
religi\s meet+1 x has be5 held t x %\ld 
def9e  :at di/urbance is                
puni%able47#gji7 ,also1 m]e want (      
att5tion or  obs]vance ( c]emonies1 z   
/&+ or kneel+ at times1 is n a          
violation ( ! law47#gaj7 ,nei!r is s++  
out ( "t1 unless done  purposely17#gaa7 
nor p]=m+ a prop] duty1 su* z object+ to

 a  sil5c$ cl]gyman's conduct+ !        
s]vices47#gab7    99#dja499 ,common     
,law1 ,(f5se1 ,/atutory ,law4--,if !re  
is no /atutory  provision1 9 ^? ,/ates  
:]e ! common law prevail$ be=e !        
admission ( ! ,/ate to ! ,union ! (f5se 
is puni%able "u !  common law47#gac7 ,& 
ev5 9 ,/ates :]e !re is a /atutory law  
on !  subject1 a p]son may be convict$  
at common law47#gad7    99#djb499       
,s]vices1 ,violation1 ,"t4--,! nature ( 
! s]vices & !  discipl9e ( ! d5om9ation 
may det]m9e :e!r !re is a violation  ( !
 law4 ,usually ! di/urbance may occur at
 any place !  congregation is assembl$1 
& at any "t :5 any "p ( !  congregation 
is assembl$ = religi\s s]vices or       
bus9ess47#gae7    99#djc499 ,=ce1       
,prie/1 ,pres]ve ,ord]4--,a congregation
 may use suffici5t  =ce to remove a     
di/urb]47#gaf7 ,a ,ca?olic prie/ :o is !
 conductor  ( religi\s s]vices & ma/] ( 
c]emonies )9 8 *ur* has !  "r to pres]ve
 ord] & to remove by =ce1 if necess>y1  
any p]son  :o di/urbs 8 s]vices47#gag7  

99#djd499 ,int]rupt1 ,liquors1          
,traffic4--,!re are /atutes 9 mo/ ( !   
,/ates mak+ x a p5al (f5se to int]rupt  
or mole/ any assembly or  meet+ ( ! p = 
religi\s wor%ip1 or to sell intoxicat+  
liquors or o!r articles ( traffic )9 a  
c]ta9 di/ance ( any  camp-meet+ or o!r  
religi\s assembly1 except at a place (  
bus9ess  regul>ly e/abli%$ prior to su* 
meet+ or assembly & n )  int5t ( evad+ !
 provisions ( ! law47#gah7    99#dje499 
,!ory1 ,blasphemy1 ,crime4--,on ! !ory t
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is  a ,*ri/ian nation1 
blasphemy is held to be a crime47#gai7  
,infidels  naturally claim t x int]f]es 
) _! rights4 ,h[ev]1 !re is no  m       
int]f]5ce ) ! private rights ( ! infidel
 ?an !re is  ) ! private "r ( ! ,mormon 
:o is =bidd5 to violate ! laws  ( !     
c\ntry by hav+ a plurality ( wives2 & x 
has be5 held t  any words import+       
imprecation = div9e v5geance may        
con/itute  pr(ane curs+ or              
blasphemy47#gbj7    99#djf499 ,religion1
 ,god1 ,ridicule1 ,virg94--,words       

vilify+ ! ,*ri/ian  religion17#gba7 d5y+
 ,god or ! f9al judgm5t17#gbb7 & pr(ane 
ridicule ( ! ,holy ,scriptures or (     
,*ri/17#gbc7 are usually puni%able4     
,also1 ! use ( vile words appli$ to !   
,virg9 ,m>y is blasphemy47#gbd7         
99#djg499 ,pr(anity1 ,pro(1 ,excuse4--,!
 pr(anity mu/ be 9 ! he>+ (  "s         
p]son47#gbe7 ,e "t a p]son pr(anely     
swe>s by tak+ ! "n  ( ,god 9 va9 is a   
sep>ate (f5se47#gbf7 ,! prison]'s       
confession is  suffici5t pro(2 o!rwise !
 prosecution mu/ %[ t ! (f5se 0         
committ$ & "s "o he>d ! words4          
,drunk5ness is no excuse47#gbg7         
,puni%m5t by f9e or imprisonm5t is n  9 
violation ( ! con/itution ( ! ,/ate or (
 ! ,unit$  ,/ates47#gbh7    99#djh499   
,sunday1 ,bus9ess1 ,fi%+4--,! (f5ses    
aga9/ ! ,sunday law  are s num]\s t x   
w\ld be almo/ impossible to review !m )9
  ! limits ( ?is "w4 ,( c\rse1 ! c>ry+  
on ( a man's ord9>y  bus9ess is a       
violation ( ! ,sabba? laws4 ,b 9 "s     
,/ates sell+  cig>s17#gbi7 a but*] sell+

 meat17#gcj7 & ev5 sell+ soda           
wat]17#gca7 & ice cream17#gcb7 z well z 
fi%+1 travel+1 driv+1  us+ a slot       
ma*9e17#gcc7 & almo/ e o!r imag9able act
 except+  go+ to *ur*1 has at "s "t & 9 
"s ,/ate be5 decl>$ a  violation ( !    
law1 & a p5alty impos$ !re=4    ,9      
,cali=nia17#gcd7 ,t5nessee17#gce7 &     
,wa%+ton17#gcf7 m5 may be %av$  on      
,sunday4 ,9 "s o!r ,/ates x has be5 held
 t runn+ a b>b]  %op on ,sunday is a    
violation ( ! law47#gcg7    99#dji499   
,*>ity1 ,necessity1 ,b5efit1            
,pleasure4--,h[ev]1 do+ works (  *>ity &
 works ( necessity usually are exempt4  
,:at is a "w (  necessity is a "q ( law4
 ,*>ity includes :atev] proce$s f  !    
s5se ( moral duty or a feel+ ( k9dness &
 humanity1 & is  int5d$ :olly = !       
purpose ( ! relief or com=t ( ano!r1 &  
n = "o's b5efit or pleasure47#gch7      
99#daj499 ,contracts1 ,m>riage1         
,notice4--,! common law made no         
di/9ction  betwe5 ,sunday & any o!r day 
z to mak+ contracts1 b x prohibit$      

hold+ c\rt4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ! /atutory law
 inv>iably prohibits any  b works (     
necessity or *>ity to be done on        
,sunday4 ,b m>riage  settlem5ts17#gci7  
publication ( /atutory notices on       
,sunday17#gdj7 &  promises to m>ry1 h   
be5 held legal47#gda7    99#daa499      
,fun]al1 ,physician1                    
,subscriptions4--,to att5d a fun]al1 to 
employ  an und]tak]1 or a physician1 on 
,sunday1 has be5 te/$ 9 ! c\rts1  &     
f9ally decid$ to be works ( necessity or
 *>ity & n a  violation ( ! ,sunday law4
 ,also1 subscriptions made = *ur*       
purposes  & 9 works ( *>ity on ,sunday h
 be5 held legal & b9d+47#gdb7           
99#dab499 ,jews1 ,sev5?-,day            
,obs]v]s4--,9 sev]al ( ! ,/ates x has   
be5  held t ,jews & ,sev5?-,day obs]v]s 
( ! ,sabba? mu/ obey !  ,sunday         
law47#gdc7 ,h[ev]1 9 _m ,/ates !re is a 
/atute expressly  exempt+ p :o keep !   
sev5? day ( ! week2 b /ill !y  sometimes
 h a provision1 unless 8he %all wilfully
 di/urb !reby "s  o!r p]son or "s       

religi\s assembly on said day40         
99#dac499 ,societies1 ,secul>           
,"w4--,bus9ess meet+s ( b5evol5t &  *ur*
 societies = b5evol5t or *ur* "w may be 
held on ,sunday4 ,ev5  ! con/itution (  
su* societies may be am5d$ on ,sunday4  
,h[ev]1  secul> "w t does n come /rictly
 "u ! functions ( su*  societies w\ld be
 unlawful47#gdd7    99#dad499 ,sunday1  
,beg9s1 ,ends4--,usually p believe !y "k
 :at !  ^w ,sunday means1 :5 x beg9s1 & 
:5 x ends4 ,*ri/ianity usually          
recognizes ! "t f midnight to midnight z
 ,sunday1 & t is !  usual "t recogniz$  
by law47#gde7 ,b ! sol> day only17#gdf7 
or f  midnight to sunset17#gdg7 give u a
 v>iety :i* may n be complete4  ,also1  
we h ! fur!r anomaly ( a note made at #b
 o'clock on ,saturday  night1 be+ held  
valid47#gdh7    99#dae499 ,religi\s     
,lib]ty1 ,law4--,! con/itutional        
gu>antee ( religi\s  lib]ty is n violat$
 by en=c+ ! ,sunday law47#gdi7          
99#daf499 ,necess>ies1 ,doctor4--,z a   
p>5t or husb& is oblig$ to furni%       

necess>ies = 8 *ildr5 & wife1 :5 m$ical 
treatm5t becomes  necess>y1 he is liable
 = manslaught] = failure to d 8 duty1   
ev5  9 case ( religi\s disbelief 9 !    
efficacy ( m$ic9e4 ,c\rts are n  incl9$ 
to make any di/9ction z to religi\s     
belief1 & !  prevail+ rule 9 ?is c\ntry 
is t ! p>5t is liable if he  neglig5tly 
all[s 8 *ild to die :5 x might h be5    
sav$ by !  s]vices ( a doctor47#gej7    
99#dag499 ,*ri/ian ,heal]1 ,cons5t4--,a 
,*ri/ian heal] c n be held  liable      
except "u a ,/ate law4 ,"o :o cons5ts to
 treatm5t has no  action = damages      
unless !re is a failure to ex]cise ! c>e
 &  skill ( a ,*ri/ian ,sci5ti/4 ,?is   
rule might n apply to "o  incompet5t to 
cons5t to a contract47#gea7    99#dah499
 ,politics4--,a m9i/] :o _h be5 expell$ 
by 8 congregation  = vot+ ! ,democratic 
ticket1 _h "s ( ! memb]s ( ! *ur*       
arre/$ "u ! election laws = intimidat+ a
 vot]4 ,! c\rt held  t z he 8suff]$ no  
pecuni>y loss1 p]sonal injury1 or       
physical  re/ra9t10 no crime 0          

committ$47#geb7    99#dai499 ,mail1     
,obsc5e ,language4--,"u ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
po/al laws  aga9/ s5d+ 8obsc5e1 lewd or 
lascivi\s0 books or pap]s ?r\gh !  mail1
 a p]son c n be convict$ )\t pro( t !   
matt] is  obsc5e1 lewd1 & lascivi\s1 z !
 ^w 8or0 %\ld be con/ru$ to  mean 8&40  
,also1 ! c\rt held t a newspap] article 
on ! doctr9e  ( ! ,immaculate           
,conception writt5 9 co>se & obsc5e     
language t  (f5d$ ! religi\s s5tim5ts ( 
! p1 b _h no t5d5cy to  induce sexual   
immorality1 did n r5d] ! newspap]       
unmailable nor !  publi%] guilty "u !   
,unit$ ,/ates /atutes4 ,! c\rt says3    
8,^?  p>ts ( ! article mo/ reli$ ^u to  
su/a9 ! *>ge1 ?\gh  o/5sibly a          
discussion ( a religi\s subject1 are    
c\*$ 9 language  n q suitable = ins]tion
 9 a judicial op9ion1 h[ev] well  adju/$
 to su* applause z might be expect$ f   
ta/e ( a c]ta9  degree (                
degradation407#gec7    99#dbj499        
8,fair10 ,*ances1 ,gambl+4--,a *ur*     
8fair0 at :i* *ances  are sold1 draw+s  

_h1 or any game ( *ance p]mitt$1 is     
illegal &  may be puni%$ z gambl+47#ged7
            ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii4           
,,cemet]ies      99#dba499 ,/atutes1    
,l&4--,!re are suffici5t /atutory       
provisions on  cemet]ies to make a l>ge 
book1 & ! frequ5t *anges made 9 su*     
laws r5d] a full /atem5t ( ! law        
impossible4 ,! /atutes aga9/  locat+    
cemet]ies ne> cities1 dwell+s1 etc41    
%\ld be c>efully  exam9$ be=e buy+ l&   
!re=47#gee7    99#dbb499 ,unit$ ,/ates1 
,jurisdiction4--,! jurisdiction ov] !   
,unit$  ,/ates cemet]ies is 9 ! ,/ate   
:]e ! cemet]ies are locat$ unless  su*  
jurisdiction has be5 c$$ to ! ,unit$    
,/ates47#gef7    99#dbc4994 ,tomb/ones1 
,soldi]s4--,! ,unit$ ,/ates w erect     
tomb/ones at  ! graves ( soldi]s :o s]v$
 9 ! ,civil ,w>1 9 all cemet]ies  :]e _!
 graves are unm>k$4 ,:]ev] ! ,unit$     
,/ates has  jurisdiction ov] cemet]ies1 
x has made x a crim9al (f5se puni%able  
by f9e or imprisonm5t to deface a       
tomb/one47#geg7    99#dbd499 ,indig5t   

,soldi]s1 ,tomb/ones4--,mo/ ( ! ,/ates h
 /atutes  provid+ = ! burial ( indig5t  
soldi]s & = putt+ tomb/ones  at _!      
graves4 ,! att5tion ( relatives (       
deceas$ soldi]s %\ld be  call$ to x4    
99#dbe499 ,/ate ,au?ority4--,! ,/ate    
,legislature has au?ority to control    
cemet]ies or delegate t au?ority to "s  
"o else1 & aft]w>d to  transf] x to a   
diff]5t p]son47#geh7    99#dbf499       
,m>yl&1 ,two ,acres4--,al?\gh !         
decl>ation ( rights ( !  ,/ate ( ,m>yl& 
re/rict$ ! sale ( l&s = a cemet]y = a   
*ur*  to two acres1 ! ,legislature has  
p[] to grant leave to a cemet]y         
association to take title to m l&4 ,&   
:]e ! tru/ees b\ght  twelve acres ( l& =
 a burial gr\nd & a subsequ5t act ( !   
,legislature au?oriz$ ! enl>gem5t ( !   
cemet]y n to exce$  tw5ty-five acres1 ! 
title to ! excess ( ! valid pur*ase 0   
ratifi$ & ! title ve/$ 9 !              
tru/ees47#gei7    99#dbg499 ,cons5t1    
,application4--,:]e a /atute provides t 
no cemet]y  %all be laid out )\t fir/   

obta9+ ! cons5t ( ! municipal           
au?orities !reto1 a writt5 communication
 sign$ by ! (fic]s ( an  incorporat$    
society is suffici5t application2 & a   
motion grant+  cons5t adopt$ by ! city  
c\ncil is suffici5t action on its "p to 
comply ) ! /atute47#gfj7    99#dbh499   
,*>t]1 ,gr\nd1 ,memb]s4--,an application
 = a *>t] to  incorporate a cemet]y ne$ 
n specifically locate ! gr\nd47#gfa7 ,! 
*>t] or ! articles ( incorporation1 or  
by-laws made "u !m1  g5]ally det]m9es :o
 %all be memb]s ( ! corporation4 ,& :]e 
e own] ( a lot sign+ ! con/itution &    
by-laws becomes a  memb]1 ! tru/ees c n 
vote on ! unsold lots47#gfb7            
99#dbi499 ,police ,p[]1 ,trespass1      
,burial4--,"u our laws ! ,/ate1 by      
reason ( its police p[]1 has control ov]
 ! cemet]ies )9 x4  ,h[ev]1 t p[] has   
g5]ally be5 v favorably ex]cis$4 ,laws  
bo?  civil & crim9al h be5 enact$ to    
protect cemet]ies f invasion  & trespass
 & to protect tomb/ones f injury47#gfc7 
,:5 au?oriz$  by ! ,legislature a city  

may make a by-law prohibit+ burial )9   
its  limits1 not)/&+ t ! cemet]y has be5
 con/antly us$ =  ov] "o hundr$         
ye>s47#gfd7 ,also1 ! city has au?ority  
to protect &  regulate ! use ( a        
cemet]y47#gfe7    99#dcj499 ,dwell+1    
,limits4--,mo/ ( ! ,/ates provide t no  
cemet]y  %all be laid out )9 a c]ta9    
limit ( a dwell+4 ,b aft] !  cemet]y is 
e/abli%$ a man c n h x mov$ :5 he puts  
up a  dwell+ )9 ! limits or :]e he      
cons5t$ to ! cemet]y at !  "t x 0       
e/abli%$47#gff7    99#dca499 ,well1     
,pollution4--,& :]e a man _h built a    
dwell+ ne> a  cemet]y1 x 0 n good gr\nd 
= him to prev5t ! enl>gem5t ( !  cemet]y
 by %[+ t x might de/roy 8 well4 ,! c\rt
 que/ions  :e!r !re is any legal gr\nd =
 compla9t = ! pollution (  subt]ranean  
wat]s :5 caus$ by ! prop] use )\t       
neglig5ce (  ! adjac5t premises47#gfg7  
,additional l&s may be obta9$ "u ! law  
( em95t doma9 by condemnation47#gfh7    
99#dcb499 ,exempt1 ,execution1          
,mortgage4--,! /atutes 9 mo/ ( ! ,/ates 

exempt ! tomb/ones & lots 9 a cemet]y f 
sale on execution47#gfi7  ,also1 a      
cemet]y lot c n be sold "u mortgage aft]
 bodies h be5  buri$ !re91 z any "o may 
be arre/$ = desecration ( graves47#ggj7 
99#dcc499 ,public1 ,regulation4--,! "r  
to bury 9 a public cemet]y is a         
privilege or lic5se t is subject to     
municipal regulation1 &  revocable :5ev]
 ! public necessity requires x47#gga7   
99#dcd499 ,nuisance1 ,public ,heal?1    
,disease4--,a cemet]y is n a nuisance   
p] se1 b if x is prov$ t ! burial ( dead
 bodies 9 a c]ta9  cemet]y does injure !
 public heal? & is a fruitful s\rce (   
transmission ( disease1 ! ,/ate may     
prohibit su* burial at c]ta9  places )9 
cities or adjac5t to dwell+s4 ,b unless 
au?oriz$ by  ! ,legislature a c\ncil has
 no "r by ord9ance to provide t no "o   
%all be buri$ )9 half a mile ( any      
habitation or public  ?or\ghf>e47#ggb7  
,& :]e ! ,legislature au?oriz$ a city to
 remove  ! bodies int]r$ & all[ /reets  
?r\gh ! l&1 x _h au?ority  to d s47#ggc7

    99#dce499 ,devise1 ,easem5t1        
,rules4--,! g5]al rule ( law is t a man 
c n devise away a cemet]y lot 9 :i*     
memb]s ( 8 family are  buri$4 ,he owns  
only a lic5se or at ! mo/ an easem5t :i*
 is subject  to ! rules ( ! cemet]y     
association & ! police p[] ( !  ,/ate4  
,h[ev]1 !re are "s exceptions47#ggd7    
99#dcf499 ,conditions4--,a condition 9 a
 de$ t ! lot c n be sold1  assign$1 or  
transf]r$ )\t cons5t ( ! cemet]y        
corporation1 is  z good & b9d+ z 9 any  
o!r conveyance ( real e/ate47#gge7      
99#dcg499 ,inh]its1 ,"r4--,:]e a son    
inh]its f 8 fa!r ! "r  to burial 9 a    
cemet]y lot1 he has ! "r to remove &    
int] !re9  ! bodies ( 8 gr&mo!r & si/]  
:o _h be5 buri$  else:]e47#ggf7         
99#dch499 ,c]tificate4--,a c]tificate 0 
issu$ = ! burial ( ,d5nis  ,copp]s 9 !  
foll[+ =m3          8,(fice ( ,calv>y   
,cemet]y1      ,new ,york1 ,decemb] #a1 
#ahgc4        ,,receiv$ f ,mr4 ,d5nis   
,copp]s1 sev5ty-five doll>s1 be+ !      
am\nt ( pur*ase money ( a plot ( gr\nd  

#h feet by #h feet1 9      ,calv>y      
,cemet]y4        ,d4 ,,br5nan1          
,sup]9t5d5t ( ,calv>y ,cemet]y4         
#d ,graves1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 ,plot ,d1   
,section #g1 ,range #ce40      99#dci499
 ,freemason1 ,title1 ,"r4--,prior to    
#ahgi1 ! "m1 wife1 &  o!r relatives (   
,copp]s1 :o 7 ,roman ,ca?olics1 7 buri$ 
9 !  lot cov]$ by ! de$ giv5 9 ! la/    
p>agraph4 ,copp]s1 :o 0 a  ,freemason1  
di$ 9 ,augu/1 #ahgi1 & 8 fun]al s]vices 
7 held "u  ! auspices ( ! ,masons f an  
,episcopal *ur*1 z direct$ 9 8  w4 ,!   
rules & doctr9es ( ! ,*ur* =bid ! burial
 9  consecrat$ gr\nd ( ! body ( "o :o 0 
n a ,roman ,ca?olic or :o  0 a memb] ( !
 ,masonic frat]nity4 ,! ,*ur* au?orities
 refus$ to  all[ ,copp]s to be buri$ 9 !
 cemet]y1 & application 0 made by  8    
relatives = a writ ( m&amus to compel 8 
int]m5t !re91 !y  hav+ deposit$ !       
necess>y money to pay all ! exp5ses4 ,! 
c\rt  held t ! c]tificate deliv]$ to    
,copp]s 0 n a conveyance nor a  grant & 
did n ve/ title to ! l& 9 him1 & t !    

cemet]y  c\ld n be compell$ to execute &
 deliv] to him an absolute  conveyance (
 ! lot4 ,8 only "r "u ! c]tificate 0 !  
use (  ! lot = burial purposes subject  
to & 9 con=mity ) !  e/abli%$ rules &   
by-laws ( ! corporation 9 s f> z !y 7  n
 9 violation ( any law4 ,x is ! tacit   
und]/&+1 :5 a p]son  applies = a burial 
lot 9 a cemet]y ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 t he
 is  ei!r a ,ca?olic & z su* is eligible
 to be buri$ !re91 or t he  applies 9   
behalf ( ^? :o are 9 communion ) !      
,*ur*47#ggg7    99#ddj499 ,lots1        
,fee4--,if ! cemet]y association sells  
#djj lots to "o man  & makes a          
conveyance 9 fee !re(1 x is b\nd        
!reby47#ggh7    99#dda499 ,de$1         
,privilege1 ,heirs & ,assigns4--,no =mal
 de$ is necess>y  to conf] exclusive "r 
to ! use ( a cemet]y lot = burial       
purposes47#ggi7 ,& c]tificates ( lots   
issu$ by a corporation convey no  title 
to ! l&1 z !y are n 9 ! =m necess>y to  
con/itute a  conveyance ( l&4 ,_! only  
effect is to grant ! privilege (        

int]m5t s long z ! gr\nd cont9ues to be 
us$ = ! purposes (  burial47#ghj7 ,a de$
 ( a cemet]y lot 8to him1 8 heirs1 &    
assigns  =ev]10 gives only an easem5t 9 
! freehold1 & does n give title  to !   
soil1 & is subject to *anges made       
necess>y by alt]$  circum/ances47#gha7  
99#ddb499 ,access1 ,purposes4--,title to
 a cemet]y lot gives ! "r (  access to x
 = ! usual purposes1 includ+ putt+ up   
monum5ts47#ghb7    99#ddc499 ,monum5ts1 
,inscriptions1 ,drunk5ness1             
,non-,baptiz$1  ,/rang]s4--,! pla9tiff  
obta9$ f ! def5dant a de$1 :i*1 among   
o!r ?+s1 conta9$ ! foll[+ conditions3 8t
 su* lot %all n  be transf]r$ )\t !     
cons5t ( ! tru/ees2 %all be subject to  
! regulations made1 or to be made1 9 !  
c>e & managem5t ( su*  cemet]y by !     
tru/ees1 :o %all also h ! "r to prev5t !
  erection ( (f5sive & improp] monum5ts 
or inscriptions !reon1 &  %all reta9 !  
"r to ent] any lot = ! removal ( any?+  
objectionable2 t no rema9s %all be      
deposit$ !re9 = hire2 &  t p]sons dy+ 9 

drunk5ness1 duel1 or by self-de/ruction1
  non-baptiz$1 non-,ca?olic1 or o!rwise 
oppos$ to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1  %all n be  
!re9 int]r$40 ,! pla9tiff _h buri$ 8    
fa!r &  "o ( 8 *ildr5 9 ! lot1 & br\ght 
8 wife's rema9s !re =  burial4 ,^u !    
arrival ( ! fun]al1 two small c(f9s (   
/rang]s1  "o ( :i* bore ! "n 8,john     
,mc,donald10 :i* ! grave-digg] _h  tak5 
up1 7 at ! side ( ! grave4 ,!re 0 no?+  
to %[ h[  ^? bodies came to be buri$    
!re4 ,! pla9tiff br\ght suit =  damages 
aga9/ ! cemet]y association4 ,! c\rt    
held t ! cemet]y  association 0 liable &
 t ! def5se t x 0 a public  *>itable    
organization c\ld n be su/a9$47#ghc7    
99#ddd499 ,use1 ,=feit$4--,:5 a de$ is  
made ( l& = ! use ( a  cemet]y only1 x w
 be =feit$ by us+ x = a s*ool47#ghd7    
99#dde499 ,by-,laws1 ,memb]1            
,burial4--,:]e a by-law ( a *ur*        
association  provides t any memb] :o    
pays "o doll> to h 8 "n ent]$ 9  !      
record %all be entitl$ to a burial lot1 
a memb] :o _h paid "o  doll> to !       

committee ( ! *ur* be=e ! adoption ( su*
 by-law  b _h ceas$ to be a memb] ( !   
congregation1 has no "r to a  burial    
lot47#ghe7    99#ddf499 ,adv]se         
,possession4--,if ! orig9al title to a  
cemet]y is  defective1 ! title may      
become good by adv]se possession47#ghf7 
99#ddg499 ,improvem5ts4--,! own] ( a    
lot1 unless "s rule ( !  cemet]y        
association or law ( ! ,/ate is to !    
contr>y1 may improve  x z he sees fit s 
long z he does n injure ! prop]ty rights
 (  ano!r47#ghg7    99#ddh499 ,trespass1
 ,injunction4--,an action = damages qu>a
 clausum  fregit1 c be ma9ta9$ by a     
relative aga9/ any "o :o trespasses  ^u 
a grave ( a p]son lawfully int]r$47#ghh7
 ,also1 a relative may  enjo9 by suit 9 
equity1 on behalf ( himself & o!rs      
equally  int]e/$1 int]f]5ce ) graves 9 8
 cemet]y lot47#ghi7    99#ddi499 ,roads1
 ,alleys4--,mo/ ( ! laws relat+ to      
highways apply to  cemet]y roads &      
alleys1 except+ t :5 a road or alley 9 a
  cemet]y is vacat$ ! l& rev]ts to !    

cemet]y in/ead ( becom+  p>ts ( ! adjo9+
 lots47#gij7 ,9 mo/ ( ! ,/ates a road c 
n be  laid out ?r\gh or take a "p ( a   
cemet]y47#gia7 ,b a public highway  may 
be e/abli%$ ?r\gh a cemet]y by us]1 !   
same z ov] o!r  l&s47#gib7    99#dej499 
,ab&on$1 ,bodies4--,:5 a cemet]y has be5
 ab&on$1 ^? :o  h relatives buri$ !re   
may incorporate x = pres]vation47#gic7  
,also1 a corporation may *ange its      
cemet]y & remove ! bodies int]r$        
!re947#gid7    99#dea499 ,two-,family   
,lot1 ,control4--,:]e a lot is own$     
jo9tly by two  families1 "o bury+ 9 !   
nor? half & ! o!r 9 ! s\? half1  !      
family bury+ 9 ! nor? half c n prev5t ! 
burial ( a  memb] ( ! o!r family 9 ! s\?
 half1 if entitl$ to be buri$ 9  t      
cemet]y47#gie7    99#deb499 ,bury+      
,dogs1 ,removal4--,a p]son :o has a lot 
9 a cemet]y has  no "r to bury any b    
human bodies !re91 & "o :o has buri$ a  
pet dog 9 h] lot may be compell$ to     
remove x47#gif7    99#dec499 ,/rang]1   
,prote/1 ,k94--,"o memb] ( a family c n 

au?orize  ! burial ( a /rang] 9 a family
 lot :]e 8 p>5ts are buri$ &  aga9/ !   
prote/ ( any o!r relative ( equal or    
ne>] degree (  k947#gig7 ,:5 an own] ( a
 lot has cons5t$ to ! burial ( a body   
!re91 he c n aft]w>d remove ! body or   
deface ! tomb/one1 &  to d s w\ld be a  
crim9al (f5se47#gih7 ,:5 a lot is sold  
to "o  p]son1 ! cemet]y association has 
! "r to limit int]m5ts to  memb]s ( !   
family own+ ! lot4 ,h[ev]1 :]e !re is   
no?+  conc]n+ x 9 ! laws or rules ( !   
association1 x might be  diff]5t47#gii7 
99#ded499 ,association1 ,bi%op1         
,/ipulation1 ,c]tificate1 ,lic5se1      
,revocable4--,! ,g]mans ( ,c9c9nati =m$ 
an association & pur*as$  t5 acres ( l& 
= a cemet]y 8= ,g]man immigrants1 _!    
families1  & relatives1 ( ,c9c9nati &   
its vic9ity1 :o might be memb]s ( !     
,ca?olic ,*ur* & 9 accordance ) !       
doctr9e1 discipl9e1 usage1  & c]emonies 
( ! same40 ,!y incorporat$ ) fifte5     
tru/ees to be  elect$ annually4 ,be=e he
 w\ld bless ! cemet]y1 ! bi%op requir$  

& ! committee /ipulat$ ) him 9 writ+ !  
foll[+3 ,t !  rules ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*  
%\ld always be fai?fully obs]v$ 9 ?is   
*iefly3 ,fir/1 t no "o %\ld be buri$ 9 !
 gr\nd :o _h n  be5 baptiz$ or :o di$   
out ( communion ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 to  
:i* ! bi%op or 9 8 abs5ce ! cl]gy ( !   
,g]man ,ca?olic  ,*ur* or *ur*es1 %\ld  
be ! judge2 second1 t no poor p]son     
%\ld be d5i$ a place !re9 because 8     
p>5ts 7 unwill+ to  pay2 ?ird1 t any    
money accru$ f ! gr\nd %\ld be exp5d$ = 
pi\s uses & specifically = ! relief ( ! 
,g]man ,ca?olic poor2  f\r?1 t ! rema9s 
( p]sons int]r$ 9 ,ca?>9e ,/reet        
burial-gr\nd might be remov$ to ! new   
gr\nd4 ,! bi%op subsequ5tly  clos$ !    
cemet]y z a place = burial ( ,ca?olics  
because !  congregation _h violat$ !    
/ipulation3 8,fir/1 by admitt+ ^? to    
burial :o di$ out ( ! communion ( !     
,ca?olic ,*ur*2 second1 by  refus+ to   
poor p]sons ! "r ( burial2 ?ird1 by     
exp5d+ !  funds ( ! association 9 o!r   
?an pi\s uses & relief ( ! poor40  ,!   

c\rt held t ! corporation _h au?ority to
 det]m9e t !  cemet]y %\ld cont9ue to be
 us$ z su*1 b ! conditions might be     
en=c$ by any "o int]e/$47#hjj7 ,also !  
"q 0 br\ght be=e  ! c\rt 9 a case :]e a 
man _h fall5 away f ! ,*ur*1 & !  c\rt  
held t ! c]tificate 0 a m]e lic5se giv+ 
no prop]ty  rights1 & revocable2 & t !  
"q z to :e!r ! p>ty to be  buri$ !re9 0 
9 communion ) ! ,*ur*1 0 "o ov] :i* !   
,*ur* itself _h exclusive               
jurisdiction47#hja7    99#dee499 ,rules1
 ,diocese4--,"o :o buys ! privilege (   
bury+ 8 dead 9  a cemet]y acquires no   
g5]al "r ( prop]ty1 b only a "r to use  
! gr\nds z a place ( int]m5t1 & ! rules 
gov]n+ a cemet]y 9  =ce at ! "t !       
privilege is acquir$ measure ! ext5t ( !
 use4  ,:]e a rule ( ! *ur* hav+ *>ge ( 
! cemet]y =bids !  burial (             
non-,ca?olics !re91 ! bi%op ( ! diocese 
& ! local  prie/1 :o accord+ to ! usage 
( ! *ur* 7 ve/$ ) control1  _h au?ority 
& p[] to re/ra9 a hold] ( a lot f int]r+
 !  body ( 8 son :o 0 n 9 communion ) ! 

*ur* at ! "t (  8 dea?1 & :o committ$   
suicide47#hjb7    99#def499 ,negroes1   
,indians4--,! fact t a man is a negro1  
,indian1 or  o!r racial human be+1 is n 
good gr\nd to prev5t 8 burial 9 a       
cemet]y47#hjc7    99#deg499 ,w1 ,body1  
,cu/ody4--,:]e no disposition ( a body  
has be5 made  by w1 ! surviv+ husb&1 or 
wife1 or next ( k91 has ! "r to  ! body 
= ! purpose ( burial4 ,b ! "r ( !       
surviv+ wife or  husb&1 if !y 7 liv+    
toge!r at ! "t ( ! dea? (  deceas$1 is  
p>am\nt to t ( ! next ( k947#hjd7 ,a "r 
to !  cu/ody ( ! body ( a deceas$       
relative & to decide ^u ! f9al  place ( 
burial :]e ! deceas$ is unm>ri$1 is 9 8 
next ( k91  & ?is "r w be protect$ by ! 
c\rts47#hje7    99#deh499               
,non-,resid5ce1 ,burial4--,non-resid5ce 
does n dive/ a p]son (  ! "r to burial )
 8 relatives47#hjf7    99#dei499 ,/ate1 
,vacate1 ,equity1 ,rule4--,! ,/ate may  
require ! removal (  ! bodies & vacate a
 cemet]y )\t comp5sation to lot own]s 9 
"s extraord9>y cases ( em95t doma9 or z 

a heal? measure47#hjg7  ,c\rts ( equity 
ex]cise "s discretion 9 cases t d n fall
 )9  ?is rule47#hjh7 ,b ! sup]9t5d5t ( a
 cemet]y has no "r to  remove a *ild )\t
 ! cons5t ( ! fa!r :o owns ! lot47#hji7 
99#dfj499 ,cons5t1 ,bi%op1 ,removal4--,)
 ! cons5t ( deceas$'s husb&  be=e !     
fun]al1 ! fa!r ( deceas$ paid = ! lot 9 
:i* 8  daught] wi%$ to be buri$ ) h]    
p>5ts4 ,h] "m be+  dissatisfi$ ) !      
location1 ! lot 0 subsequ5tly ex*ang$ = 
ano!r 9 ! same cemet]y2 b aft] prelim9>y
 arrangem5ts _h be5  made1 ! son-9-law  
appli$ to a c\rt ( equity = a writ      
re/ra9+  ! fa!r & ! bi%op f remov+ !    
body4 ,! bi%op answ]$ t  he 0 will+ to  
con=m to any ord] ( ! c\rt4 ,! c\rt held
 t  by acc$+ to 8 wife's reque/ & all[+ 
h] fa!r to bury h] 9  ! fir/ in/ance1 & 
by /&+ mute :ile ! arrangem5ts = !      
removal ( ! body 7 be+ made1 ! husb& _h 
no "r !reaft]  to prev5t ! removal ( 8  
wife's body47#haj7    99#dfa499 ,c\rt1  
,remove1 ,cons5t4--,9 a prop] case a    
c\rt may grant a  decree to remove !    

body ( a relative f "o cemet]y to       
ano!r47#haa7  ,o!rwise no "o has ! "r to
 exhume or remove a body )\t !  cons5t (
 ^? hav+ *>ge ( ! cemet]y & ( ^? hav+ ! 
"r ( burial1 z consort or ! next ( k94  
,9 "s ,/ates ! (f5se  is a felony47#hab7
 ,9 ,nebraska1 at lea/1 ^? :o h ! legal 
"r to  bury a relative may remove 8 body
 f "o ,ca?olic cemet]y to ano!r  )\t !  
cons5t ( ! bi%op47#hac7    99#dfb499    
,crime1 ,fraud1 ,exhume1 ,autopsy4--,9  
an action on an insurance  policy :]e   
!re is evid5ce ( fraud1 z dea? by       
poison1 a c\rt may  ord] a body exhum$ =
 exam9ation1 al?\gh ! p]son hav+ ! "r   
to control ! burial ( ! body is n a p>ty
 to ! suit47#had7 ,public  (ficials h ! 
"r to dis9t] a body to asc]ta9 :e!r a   
crime  has be5 committ$47#hae7 ,b )\t a 
coron]'s inque/ or cons5t ( !  surviv+  
consort or next ( k91 a doctor has no "r
 to p]=m an  autopsy47#haf7    99#dfc499
 ,tort1 ,corpse4--,! g5]al rule is t an 
action ( tort may be  ma9ta9$ by ! wid[ 
or next ( k9 = ! mutilation ( a corpse  

or  ev5 = neglig5tly expos+ x to !      
elem5ts47#hag7 ,9 a few cases !  "r has 
be5 d5i$47#hah7    99#dfd499 ,cu/odian1 
,burial1 ,mutilation4--,9 ! abs5ce ( a  
wid[1 a son  is ! lawful cu/odian ( !   
body ( 8 deceas$ fa!r =  pres]vation1   
repres5tation1 & burial1 & may ma9ta9 an
 action =  unlawful mutilation !re(4 ,! 
s5se ( outrage & m5tal suff]+  result+  
directly f ! wilful mutilation ( ! body 
( a p>5t1 is  a prop] indep5d5t elem5t (
 comp5satory damages47#hai7    99#dfe499
 ,prop]ty 9 a ,corpse1 ,mummy1          
,executors4--,! "q ( prop]ty  9 a corpse
 has be5 g5]ally d5i$4 ,h[ev]1 9 case ( 
a mummy :i*  has become an object (     
curiosity1 ! case may be diff]5t4 ,:]e a
  te/ator ord]$ 8 body burn$ & !        
executor pres5t$ a bill =  #cba = do+ s1
 ! c\rt disall[$ x on ! gr\nd t :5 a man
  is dead 8 next ( k9 or executors h !  
"r to dispose ( 8  body2 b t z x is n   
prop]ty1 a man has no "r to bequea? x  =
 a p>ticul> purpose47#hbj7 ,also1 :]e a 
man 0 9 jail & di$  dur+ 8 imprisonm5t &

 ! jail] refus$ to give up ! body until 
! debt 0 paid1 ! c\rt held t !re 0 no   
prop]ty 9 !  corpse1 & !re=e !re c\ld be
 no li5 ^u x & he mu/ surr5d]  x47#hba7 
99#dff499 ,rights1 ,duties1 ,body1      
,w4--,:ile !re is no prop]ty 9 a dead   
body s t x may be sold1 !re are rights &
 duties out ( :i* may  arise tort &     
crim9al actions4 ,! "q ( ! "r ( a man to
  dispose ( 8 body by w is n well settl$
 9 ?is c\ntry47#hbb7  ,!re are _m cases 
t hold t a p]son has ! "r to make a     
b9d+ te/am5t>y disposition ( 8 own body 
aft] dea?47#hbc7 ,b on  ! contr>y x has 
be5 held t "o c n by 8 w conf] any  "r z
 to ! disposition ( 8 body47#hbd7       
99#dfg499 ,monum5t1 ,f5ce4--,giv+ ! "r  
to bury 9 "o's cemet]y lot  c>ries ) x !
 "r to erect a monum5t2 b x does n c>ry 
)  x ! "r to f5ce ! cemet]y lot or      
int]f]e ) o!r graves  !re94 ,!re=e1 !   
monum5t mu/ be ( su* size & s locat$ &  
erect$ z n to int]f]e ) ! rights (      
o!rs47#hbe7    99#dfh499 ,tomb/one1     
,"m-9-,law4--,a husb& has ! "r to remove

 a  tomb/one t 8 "m-9-law put ov] 8     
wife's grave1 & put up "o  ( 8 own *oice
 in/ead47#hbf7 ,! g5]al rule is t vaults
 &  tomb/ones are p]sonal prop]ty & may 
be remov$ 89 good fai? &  ) c>e &       
dec5cy0 by ! next ( k947#hbg7           
99#dfi499 ,trees1 ,au?ority4--,x is a   
crim9al (f5se to cut trees 9 a  cemet]y 
)\t "r or au?ority47#hbh7    99#dgj499  
,*>itable1 ,in/itution1 ,neglig5ce4--,a 
,ca?olic cemet]y )\t  capital /ock or   
%>es & pay+ no pr(its nor divid5ds1 does
 n come  "u ! head ( a *>itable         
in/itution s z to relieve x f  liability
 = neglig5ce47#hbi7    99#dga499        
,equity1 ,repair1 ,injuries4--,a cemet]y
 association may by bill 9  equity be   
=c$ to keep walks & drives 9 good repair
 & consequ5tly  is liable = injuries    
result+ f its neglig5ce47#hcj7          
,,*apt] ,,xxxiv4 ,,miscellane\s         
99#dgb499 ,societies1 ,law4--,religi\s  
societies organiz$ 9 connection )  a    
*ur* or congregation are 9 law civil    
societies & n ecclesia/ical             

corporations1 & are gov]n$ by ! law ( ! 
l&4 ,!re=e1 ! law  ( frat]nities fully  
cov]s all que/ions t arise 9 su*        
societies4  ,! subject is too           
compreh5sive to be treat$ at any l5g?   
"h47#hca7    99#dgc499 ,society1        
,bi%op4--,a society may expel a memb] on
 due notice & a  fair trial4 ,! refusal 
( ! bi%op to recognize a frat]nity      
organiz$  z a ,roman ,ca?olic society1  
does n prev5t ! society & its (fic]s  f 
ex]cis+ ! p[]s ( a religi\s corporation 
conf]r$ by law nor  prohibit its memb]s 
f ma9ta9+ _! religi\s wor%ip47#hcb7     
99#dgd499 ,prie/1 ,doorkeep]1 ,policem51
 ,arre/4--,a prie/ :o 0 9 *>ge  ( a p>i%
 & _h control ( ! temporalities consi/+ 
( pew-r5ts1  ,sunday & o!r collections1 
gravey>d1 *ur*1 s*ool1 fees1 &          
donations1 on acc\nt ( disord]ly        
behavior ( memb]s issu$ tickets to  ^?  
to be admitt$ & ord]$ a doorkeep] to    
prev5t o!rs f  ent]+ ! *ur*4 ,a woman   
)\t a ticket & talk+ l\dly1  endeavor$  
to =ce h] way into ! *ur*1 al?\gh !re 7 

sev]al  policem5 on duty :o attempt$ to 
/op h]4 ,%e 0 arre/$ & h]  husb& br\ght 
suit = false imprisonm5t4 ,! c\rt held t
 a  cl]gyman has a "r to keep di/urb]s  
out ( ! *ur* & t !  doorkeep]s h a "r to
 use suffici5t =ce to c>ry out ! ord]s  
( ! prie/2 b :5 a doorkeep] w5t beyond  
^? ord]s by caus+  ! arre/ ( ! woman1 he
 0 n act+ )9 ! app>5t scope (  8        
employm5t & ! prie/ 0 n liable47#hcc7   
99#dge499 ,saloon1 ,*ur*1 ,lic5se4--,a  
man own$ premises t _h be5  occupi$ z a 
saloon f #ahid4 ,9 #ahif ! ,new ,york   
law prohibit+  saloons to be lic5s$ )9  
#bjj feet ( a *ur*1 except places :]e   
liquor traffic _h be5 c>ri$ on prior to 
t "t1 0 pass$4 ,9 #ahih  a *ur* 0 built 
)9 #bjj feet ( ! saloon 9 "q4 ,aft] !   
build+ ( ! *ur*1 ! saloon 0 vacat$ =    
ab\t t5 days dur+ a  *ange (            
saloonkeep]s1 & an action 0 br\ght to   
revoke ! lic5se  ( ! new saloonkeep]4 ,!
 c\rt held t ! incid5tal int]ruption  ( 
! bus9ess did n br+ ! place )9 !        
prohibition ( ! law1  & t ! lic5se c\ld 

n be revok$47#hcd7    99#dgf499 ,y4 ,m4 
,c4 ,a4--,! ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 on acc\nt ( 
giv+ lun*es1  lectures1 & hav+ a        
gymnasium1 = :i* *>ges are made1 is n a 
*>itable in/itution s z to be exempt f  
liability 9 case (  neglig5ce4 ,prop]ty 
is exempt only :5 us$ = exempt purposes 
exclusively47#hce7    99#dgg499 ,/ud5ts1
 ,vote1 ,resid5ce4--,/ud5ts at a sem9>y 
/udy+ =  ! prie/hood d n !reby lose _!  
resid5ce at _! homes & are  n entitl$ to
 vote :]e a college is locat$4 ,! fact t
 !y int5d  to rema9 = f\r ye>s1 become  
cl]gym51 & !n g to :]ev] !y  may be     
call$1 does n give !m ! "r ( resid5ce1 &
 !re is no  di/9ction betwe5 !m & any   
o!r /ud5ts away f home at  s*ool47#hcf7 
,h[ev]1 a /ud5t ( full age might become 
a vot] 9 !  college prec9ct if he has no
 o!r fix$ domicile47#hcg7    99#dgh499  
8,my ,wife1 ,anna ,jones10 ,divorce1    
,insurance4--,a beque/ or  devise to 8my
 wife1 ,anna ,jones10 is n *ang$ by a   
divorce )\t "s  evid5ce to prove t !    
te/ator did n int5d 8 divorc$ wife to   

%>e 9 8 e/ate1 unless ! judgm5t (       
divorce made a division ( !  prop]ty4 ,!
 same is true ( a policy ( insurance or 
b5efit  c]tificate4 ,h[ev]1 !re are     
exceptions t weak5 ! rule & make  its   
application 9 "s ,/ates unc]ta947#hch7  
99#dgi499 ,bells1 ,sick1                
,injunction4--,on ! compla9t ( an injur$
 p]son1 a  c\rt w issue an injunction   
re/ra9+ ! r++ ( *ur*1 conv5t1  or o!r   
bells1 at unusual h\rs or :5 _! noise is
 injuri\s to !  sick1 or :5 _! vibration
 affects o!r premises4 ,z ! law (       
nuisances applies 9 su* cases1 an exact 
/atem5t ( :5 ! c\rt  %\ld issue !       
injunction or :e!r ! injunction %\ld be 
tempor>y  or p]petual1 c n be giv52 b :5
 ! p]sonal or prop]ty rights  ( o!rs are
 affect$1 an injunction may be grant$4  
,! fact t !  bells are *imes or "p ( a  
clock does n *ange ! rule47#hci7        
99#dhj499 ,m>riage1 ,imp$im5ts1         
,record+4--,legal m>riage may be        
contract$ only betwe5 unm>ri$ p]sons n  
relat$ )9 !  prohibit$ degrees (        

consangu9ity or aff9ity1 ( lawful age & 
suffici5t m5tal & physical capacity4    
,/atutes v>y greatly4 ,9 "s  ,/ates     
aff9ity is n consid]$ a legal objection 
& fir/ c\s9s may  m>ry2 9 o!rs1 bo? are 
prohibit$ & o!r limitations (           
relation%ip1 race1 & color are fix$1 &  
regi/ration ( ! cl]gym5  & lic5ses to w$
 are requir$4 ,also1 ! cl]gyman mu/     
report !  m>riage promptly to ! prop]   
(fice4 ,f9es1 p5alties1 & imprisonm5t   
are usually provid$ = violat+ ! law4    
,in=mal m>riages may or may  n be       
voidable or void47#hdj7    99#dha499    
,*>iv>i1 ,w$d+ ,pranks4--,*>iv>i1       
assaults1 & disord]ly  conduct are      
unlawful at all times1 & c n be ju/ifi$ 
by  cu/om47#hda7 ,a newly w$d$ man :o 0 
s]5ad$ 7*>iv>i$7 by 8  neighbors by fir+
 guns1 bl[+ horns1 beat+ pans1 rattl+   
horse-fiddles1 etc41 aft] ord]+ ! riot]s
 (f fir$ into ! cr[d  & w\nd$ "o ( !m4  
,on trial = assault ) int5t to kill1 !  
groom 0 acquitt$4 ,%oot+ might n be     
ju/ifiable 9 cases :]e less  pot5t      

ag5cies1 su* z a horse:ip or dogs1 are  
suffici5t1 or :]e !  imm$iate protection
 ( p]son or prop]ty does n call = x4 ,! 
law  %\ld be invok$ :5 no exig5cy = =ce 
exi/s47#hdb7    99#dhb499 ,infallibility
 ( ,c\rts4--,:5 a "q ( law at issue 9 a 
case is duly pres5t$ to a supreme c\rt  
:i* is ! c\rt ( la/  resort1 its        
decision !reon becomes 8! law ( ! case0 
& is  !reaft] b9d+ ^u ! c\rt itself &   
all ! c\rts inf]ior to  x2 & no matt] h[
 (t5 t id5tical case may come be=e !    
c\rt  on subsequ5t appeals1 ! que/ions  
already decid$ !re9 w n be  reconsid]$4 
,x is int]e/+ to comp>e ?is pr9ciple (  
our c\rts  ) ,papal infallibility47#hdc7
 ,c\rts d n always adh]e to !           
rule47#hdd7    99#dhc499 ,money ,/ol51  
,bail$ or ,loan$1 ,insolv5cy1           
,gifts4--,prop]ty  /ol5 by ,a4 or left )
 him z bailee to be return$ 9 specie1 c 
n  be giv5 away by him = *>ity4 ,also1  
:5 a man is insolv5t he has no  "r to   
give away any ( 8 prop]ty47#hde7 ,t has 
be5 ! rule ( law  s9ce ,coke laid d[n ! 

maxim3 8,a man mu/ be j be=e he is      
g5]\s40 ,"o is insolv5t :5 8 debts exce$
 ! value ( 8  unexempt prop]ty47#hdf7   
,:5 an insolv5t debtor makes a gift1 a  
cr$itor  may sue & recov] f ! donee2 or 
9 a prop] case ! cr$itor may  =ce !     
debtor into bankruptcy to recov] !      
gift47#hdg7 ,! want (  k or good fai? ( 
! donee is immat]ial & no def5se to an  
action to recov] ! prop]ty47#hdh7       
,,index      ,! ,ref]5ces ,are ,to ,!   
,sections4    ,a    ,ab&on$ cemet]y1    
#ddi2    prop]ty rev]ts1 #bie4          
,accept+ a draft1 (fic]1 #afb4          
,access to cemet]y1 "r (1 #ddb4         
,acc\nt1 (fic]s mu/1 #big4    ,action 9 
*ur* tribunal1 #hf2    = expulsion1     
#acg2    un9corporat$ p>ty1 #bag2       
sl&] by deceas$1 #chb4    ,acts (       
majority1 :5 void1 #agg4    ,adj\rnm5t1 
#aha4    ,adoption ( *ildr51 #cfg4      
,adoration1 #bi4    ,adv]se possession1 
cemet]y1 #ddf2    *ur* prop]ty1 #beg4   
,aid f ,gov]nm5t1 #df4    ,ag5t1 prie/ (
 bi%op1 #bgj4    ,alabama1 beque/ =     

,masses1 #caf4    ,ambiguity1 pro(      
cle>+1 #cbf4    ,ambigu\s provision1    
pro(1 #bgb4    ,am]ica1 civil & common  
law1 #ag4    ,anonym\s lett] n          
privileg$1 #bbd4    ,answ] ( prie/ z    
witness1 #bbb4    ,appeal1 *ur*         
tribunal1 #hf2    "r (1 #bjf4           
,application1 = cemet]y1 #dbg4          
,appo9t$ (fic]s1 #aba4    ,appropriation
 = hospital1 #dd2    c n be f taxes1    
#cce2    indirect1 #cce1 #df1 #bh1 #cge4
    ,argum5t :5 privileg$1 #chg1 #chf4  
,arre>s1 pew r5t1 memb]%ip1 #bej4       
,arre/1 au?ority1 damages1 #dgd4        
,assault & batt]y1 #chg4    ,assessm5t1 
( pews1 #bdc2    ( cemet]y void1 #bic4  
,assi/ance to en=ce ord]1 #cef4         
,association1 discipl9e1 bi%op1 #ded4   
,atta9d]1 n lawful1 #cf4    ,att5dance1 
te/ ( memb]%ip1 #add4    ,au?ority 9    
anci5t nations1 #c2    inf]ior mu/ obey1
 #he1 #ic2    use ( =ce by prie/1 #ajj2 
c\rt may decide conte/$1 #aab2    (     
prie/ z to cemet]y1 #bha2    ( sexton 9 
*ur*1 #cad2    ( tea*] outside ( s*ool1 

#cee2    to cut trees 9 cemet]y1 #dfi4  
,autopsy1 au?ority to make1 #dfb4    ,b 
,bankruptcy1 *ur*1 #cjb4    ,bailee1    
gift (1 #dhc2    donor1 #dhc4           
,ballot1 :5 requir$1 #adi4    ,baptism1 
h[ to record1 #aia4    ,bells1 r++ a    
nuisance1 #dgi4    ,b5efit1 "w =1 on    
,sunday1 #dji4    8,b5efit ( ! ,cl]gy10 
#aj4    ,beque/1 legatees1 religion1    
#acf1 #cbj2    purpose ( en=ceable1     
#bhd2    laws ( /ate control1 #cjf2     
cons5t ( heirs to *ange1 #cac2    mi/ake
 may n defeat1 #cag4    ,bir?1 h[ record
 kept1 #aia4    ,bible 9 s*ools1 #bi1   
#di1 #bah1 #cdg1 #cdh2    con/itution ( 
sect1 #abg2    con/itutional rights1    
#cej2    ,indian s*ools1 #cge4          
,bigamy1 uncon/itutional1 #ch2    *>ge  
(1 sl&]1 #chd4    ,bi%op1 sup]ior       
au?ority1 #ha1 #hc2    subject to ,pope1
 #hb2    discipl9e ( prie/1 #ii2    *ur*
 debts1 #afi1 #bfa2    removal ( prie/1 
#aii2    de$ ( *ur* l&1 #bhg2    control
 ov] cemet]y1 #ded2    removal ( bodies1
 #dfj2    societies1 control (1 #dgc4   

,bi%op's resid5ce1 taxes1 #cca4         
,blasphemy1 a crime1 #dje1 #bah4        
,bless$ ,virg91 #djf4    ,bo>d acts z   
body only1 #cfj2    au?ority outside (  
s*ool1 #cee4    ,bodies1 *ange (        
cemet]ies1 #dej2    cu/ody ( de$1 #deg2 
dispos+ by w1 #dff2    prop]ty 91 #dfe4 
,bologna1 law s*ool (1 #ad4    ,burn$   
*ur*1 l& title1 #bid4    ,build+1       
liability ( memb]s1 #ef2                
subscriptions =1 #bge2    committee1    
liability1 #agj2    contracts1          
liability1 #bcc4    ,burial1 "r (1 #aac2
    regulations1 #dbi1 #dde2            
non-resid5t1 #deh2    "r to control1    
#dfd4    ,bury+ dogs 9 cemet]y1 #deb4   
,bus9ess1 religion1 #aaj2    notice (   
meet+1 #agf2    law w en=ce1 #bcj2      
,sunday1 #djh2    or prop]ty1 libel (1  
#cid4    ,by-laws ( sects & *ur*1 #bb2  
gov]n elections1 #adh1 #aeb2    subject 
to /ate law1 #aec2    control (fic]s1   
#aec1 #aei2    am5d+1 #beb2    ( cemet]y
 association1 #dde4    ,c    ,cali=nia  
missions1 #bfh4    ,canon ,law1         

analysis1 #f4    ,canons ( ! *ur*1      
title1 #bhj4    ,ca/+ vote1 *airman1    
#ahf4    ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 corporation1   
#eh2    control ( pews 91 #bci2    free 
pews1 re=mation1 #bcg2    discipl9e1    
suits1 #bjh4    ,cemet]y1 au?ority ov]1 
#bha2    assessm5t = taxes1 #bic2       
,indian1 #cgb4    ,c]tificate1 cemet]y  
lot1 #dch2    conditions (1 #ded2    (  
election1 effect (1 #aeg4    ,c]tifi$   
copies z evid5ce1 #aib4    ,*all5ge (   
vot]1 #adg2    waiv] (1 #ahf4           
8,*ances10 8fairs10 unlawful1 #dbj4     
,*ange ( use ( l&1 #ec2    ( *ur*       
gov]nm5t1 #fg2    "n ( *ur*1 #fi2       
doctr9e1 memb]%ip1 #bhi2    burial      
place1 #dej4    ,*>ge = s]vices1 #aff4  
,*>ges aga9/ memb]1 #bjb1 #chi4         
,*>itable in/itutions1 #ccc1 #cch2      
liability1 #dgj2    tru/1 tru/ee1 #cbe4 
,*>ity1 def9ition (1 #cbh1 #dji2        
,elks1 ,masons1 #ccc2    ( debtor1 #dhc4
    ,*>iv>i1 unlawful1 #dha4    ,*>t]   
limits corporation1 #aec2    by-laws "u1
 #beb2    real e/ate1 #cci2    (        

cemet]y1 #dbh4    ,*a/isem5t1 by tea*]1 
#ced4    ,*ild1 rights1 duties1 #cfa1   
#cgj2    expell+ f s*ool1 #ceb2         
religion (1 #cfe2    out ( s*ool1 #ceb1 
#cee4    8,*ri/ian ,heal]10 cons5t to   
#dag4    8,*ri/ian ,sci5ti/10           
manslaught]1 #db4    ,*ri/ians1 :o1 are1
 #bd4    ,*ur*1 def9ition1 #bj1 #bc1    
#bd1 #cih2    secession1 h]esy1 #gj1    
#abf2    debts (1 bi%op1 #afi2          
removal (1 au?ority1 #bge2    build+s1  
use (1 #bgf2    majority control1 #bhi2 
,indian *ur*es1 #cgb2    p]sonal        
prop]ty1 :51 #bii2    & /ate1 #ae2      
records1 evid5ce1 #aia2    bir?s1       
baptisms1 #aia2    :5 libel\s1 #cha2    
tribunals1 au?ority1 #baf4    8,*ur* (  
,latt] ,day ,sa9ts10 #ci4    ,citiz5s1  
cl]gy z1 #ib2    ,indians1 /ates1 #cga4 
,civil rights1 proc$ure1 #bjg2    /ate  
protects1 #baj2    law1 ,florida1       
,l\isiana1 #ag4    ,cl]k ( *ur* bo>d1   
au?ority1 #agg4    ,cl]gy1 bi%op may    
*ange1 #hc2    exemptions (1 #ajc2      
sal>ies1 #ajf4    ,cl]gyman1 def9ition1 

#ca2    duties & rights1 #ib2           
privileg$ evid5ce1 #bbd2    undue       
influ5ce1 #cah2    discipl9>y rights1   
#chf4    ,clos+ *ur*1 #bac4    ,color ( 
title1 possession1 #beg4    ,collat]al  
attack1 #cjg4    ,commission] ( ,indian 
s*ools1 #cge4    ,common law & ! *ur*1  
#ab2    crimes "u1 #dja4                
,communicants1 memb]%ip1 #add4          
,compet5t witness1 #bbj4    ,compla9t1  
allegations1 #bae4    ,conditions1 #dcf4
    ,confessions1 privacy1 #ajj2    n   
evid5ce1 #bba1 #bbf2    non-sacram5tal1 
#bbc1 #bbd1 #bbe2    witness1 privilege1
 #bbb4    ,confid5tial communications1  
libel1 #cgg4    ,congregation1 au?ority 
91 #fe2    insubord9ate1 #ij4           
,consci5ce1 ,bible1 law1 #cej4          
,cons5t1 to hold meet+1 #agi2    to sell
 or mortgage1 #bfd2    daught] becom+   
nun1 #cff2    to 8,*ri/ian ,heal]10     
#dag2    to location ( cemet]y1 #dbg2   
bi%op's to remove body1 #dfj2    c\rt   
may1 #dfa4    ,consid]ation1 good1 #bcd1
 #bcf4    ,con/ant9e1 ,*ri/ians1 #i4    

,con/itution ( a *ur*1 #ba1 #ha1 #hh2   
( ,u4 ,s4 & ,*ur*1 #de1 #fh1 #abg2      
memb]s1 ,bible1 #abg1 #cej1 #ceh4       
,consolidation ( *ur*es1 #gc4           
,conte/s1 h[ settl$1 #aeh2    suit =    
beque/1 #cai2    to hold meet+1 #agi4   
,contracts1 ) *ur*es1 #df1 #cce1 #cde2  
b9d+ memb]s1 #ei2    ,/ate c\rts en=ce1 
#bib2    ,sunday1 #daj4                 
,contributions to depos$ prie/1 #ajd2   
"r to enjoy1 #caj4    ,control ( bus9ess
 ( *ur*1 #gb2    ve/s 9 corporation1    
#gc2    doctr9e & discipl9e1 #abb2    "u
 /ate law1 #aee2    bo>d ( tru/ees1     
#afa1 #bgi2    societies' collections1  
#bgd2    cemet]y1 jo9t lot1 #dea4       
,controv]sy1 submission (1 #ig4         
,conv5t1 cons5t ( p>5ts1 #cff4          
,conditions1 :at are b9d+1 #ge2    pews1
 lease1 sale1 #bdb2    beque/s1 de$s1   
#bhd1 #cac1 #cba2    quit claim ( heirs1
 #bhf4    ,corporation1 memb]s1 #bec2   
beque/s to religi\s1 #cjf2    "n1 error1
 #cag4    ,corpse1 burial1 mutilation1  
#dfc1 #dff4    ,corrective au?ority ov] 

wife1 #cgj4    ,c\ncils ( ,*ur*1 #cgh4  
,c\nsel 9 *ur* tribunal1 #bjj4          
,c\rts1 /ate1 #fj2    *ur* & /ate1 #baf2
    d n decide doctr9e1 #caa2           
religion ( *ild1 #cfe4    ,c\rt (       
equity1 *ur* title1 #bab4    ,cr$itors1 
secur+1 #bfc2    gifts ( debtor1 #dhc2  
bankruptcy1 #cjb4    ,cre$1 /ate c\rts1 
#baa4    ,crime1 polygamy1 #dj2    *ur* 
tribunal1 #bib2    *>g+1 sl&]1 #chh2    
s9s di/+ui%$1 #cif2    blasphemy is a1  
#dje2    autopsy to detect1 #dfb4       
,criticisms ( cl]gy1 #che4    ,cruel    
*a/isem5t unlawful1 #ced4    ,curate1   
appo9tm5t (1 #ec1 #if2    sal>y (1 #ajh4
    ,cu/ody ( *ildr51 #cfa2    ( wife1  
#cfi2    ( corpse1 #deg1 #dfd4    ,cu/om
 ( *ur*1 meet+s1 #ahj4    ,cy-pres      
doctr9e abrogat$1 #cbe4    ,d           
,damages1 prop]ty de/roy$ 9 riot1 #eb2  
expulsion f society1 #ahh4    ,dea?1    
record1 pro(1 #aia4    ,debts1          
un9corporat$ body1 #ed2    may be limit$
 by law1 #gd2    p]mission to incur1    
#aja2    individual liability1 #aag2    

sec$]s liable =1 #abf2    bi%op's       
liability1 #afi2    mortgage1 #bfa1     
#bfc2    p[] to settle1 #bfc4           
,decisions ( *ur* c\rt1 #hh2    9       
submitt$ case1 #ig2    appeal f *ur*1   
#bjf2    f9al 9 doctr9e1 #bji4    ,de$  
by ord] ( c\rt1 #bed2    description (  
grantee1 #bei2    to bi%op1 effect1     
#bfb2    9 prie/'s "n1 #bfg1 #bgj2      
conditions 91 #bhd2    cemet]y lot1 #da2
    =m cemet]y de$1 #dch4    ,de facto  
(fic]s1 acts1 #afe4    ,def5ses1 law1   
canon law1 #h4    ,defici5cy judgm5t1   
#bcb4    ,def9itions1 #bj1 #cd2         
excommunication1 #aca4    ,delegat$     
au?ority1 #hb4    ,depos$ cl]gym51      
donations to1 #ajd4    ,devise on       
condition ( fai?1 #ace2    unc]ta9ty (1 
#bga2    ( cemet]y lot1 #dce4           
,diocese1 /ate law 91 #ea2    title (   
*ur*1 #bff2    rules = cemet]ies1 #dee4 
,directors & ,bible1 #cdg4    ,direct   
paym5t ( tax to *ur*1 #cde4             
,disability ( memb]s1 #eg4              
,discretion ( (fic]s1 #afg4    ,disease 

f cemet]y1 #dcd4    ,discipl9e & (fic]s1
 #fc2    bi%op may en=ce1 #hc1 #hi2     
memb]s subject to1 #ij1 #cha2    inf]ior
 au?ority1 #cjh1 #cha2    tribunals (   
*ur*1 #chf1 #cif2    physical1 unlawful1
 #chg4    ,dismissal ( cl]gyman1 #aji4  
,disqualifi$ to hold (fice1 #acd4       
,dissolution ( congregation1 #gc2       
funds ( *ur*1 #gh2    result+ tru/1     
#cbg4    ,di/urbances at *ur*1 #bac2    
crime1 puni%m5t1 #cig4    ,di/urb+ a    
religi\s meet+1 #djj4    ,div]t$ tru/   
fund1 #bih4    ,division ( *ur*1 #abi1  
#bgf2    title to prop]ty1 #bij4        
,divorce1 legacy1 insurance1 #dgh4      
,doctor1 necess>y1 #daf4    ,doctr9e (  
*ur*1 #ba1 #be2    *ange ( effect1 #ec2 
condition 9 de$1 #bgh2    pe:old]s mu/ n
 dictate1 #cji2    discipl9e1 #ic4      
,dog1 bury+ 9 cemet]y1 #deb4            
,domicile ( family1 #cgj4    ,donation  
condition$1 #da4    ,donor1 religion1   
pro(1 #bgb4    ,doorkeep]1 exce$+ ord]1 
#dgd4    ,drunk5ness1 dy+ 91 #ddc4      
,duties ( adopt$ p>5ts1 #cfg2    ,indian

 inspectors1 #cgc2    to bury dead1     
#dff4    ,dwell+1 prie/ z s]vant1 #ih2  
( family husb&'s1 #cgj2    cemet]y ne>1 
#dcj4    ,e    ,e>ly ,*ri/ians1 law1 #g4
    ,easem5t1 title1 cemet]y lot1 #dce4 
,ecclesia/ical corporations1 #bf2       
c\rt1 #aj2    matt]s1 c\rts1 #bji4      
,education = prie/hood1 #cbd2    (      
*ildr51 control1 #cdc4    ,elks1 #ccc4  
,engl& & ,roman law1 #af2    confession 
privileg$1 #bbf4    ,engli% law1 #ag4   
,entries 9 *ur* records1 #ahi4          
,equity1 prie/'s sal>y1 #cja2           
cemet]y1 corpses1 #dei2    cemet]y      
repairs1 #dga4    ,error 9 de$1 #bfj2   
lat5t 9 devise1 #cbf4    ,e/abli%$ *ur*1
 #ah4    ,e/abli%m5t ( religion1 #cg4   
,e/ates1 ecclesia/ical c\rts1 #aa4      
,evid5ce ( incorporation1 #fd2    p>i%  
books1 #ahi1 #aia2    c]tifi$ copies1   
#aib2    p>ol evid5ce1 #bgc2            
privileg$ que/ions1 #bba4               
,excommunication1 au?ority1 #hg2    m9or
 is lawful1 #hg2    non-tol]ati is      
unlawful1 #hg2    legal effect1 #afg1   

#acf2    libel & sl&]1 #cha4    ,excuse1
 drunk5ness1 #djg4    ,executors1 pew   
r5t1 #bdi2    cu/ody ( corpse1 #dfe4    
,exemptions to cl]gy1 atta*m5t1         
execution1 #aah1 #dcb4    ,exempt *ur*  
prop]ty1 #cbi2    execution1 #dcb4      
,exhume1 crime1 fraud1 #dfb4            
,expell$1 excommunicat$1 #hg1 #abj1     
#afg4    ,expulsion1 "r ( *ur*1 #acg1   
#aci2    m9ority1 #ada2    f society1   
#ahh4    ,ex]cise1 religion 9 s*ool1    
#bi1 #cdf2 see 8,bible40    ,f          
,facilities = negro education1 #ceh4    
,factions try+ ea* o!r1 #aab2    prop]ty
 (1 #baa4    8,fairs0 are unlawful1     
#dbj4    ,fair trial is natural "r1     
#bjb4    ,fai?1 dy+ 91 burial1 #aac2    
memb] mu/ con=m1 #adb4    ,false        
/atem5ts1 sl&]1 #bbc2    imprisonm5t1   
#chg2    by cl]gym51 libel1 #chh4       
,family domicile1 #cgj4    ,fa!r1 duties
 & rights1 #cfa2    cu/ody ( *ild1 #cfa1
 #cfb2    m>ri$ *ild1 #cfi4    ,fee1    
title 91 :51 #bfb1 #ddj4    ,fees (     
prie/1 #aje1 #ajf4    ,f5ce 9 cemet]y1  

#dfg4    ,fi%+ on ,sunday1 #djh4    ,=ce
 to subdue pupil1 #cef2    to expel     
di/urb]1 #djc2    remove trespass]1     
#bdh4    ,=eign language1 #abd4         
,=feiture ( memb]%ip1 #fa1 #ach2        
provision 9 w z to1 #bhe2    by use     
except$1 #ddd4    ,frat]nity1 memb]s'   
fai?1 #acf2    excommunication ( memb]1 
#acf4    ,fraud1 false 8prophet01 #aga2 
insurance1 autopsy1 #dfb4    ,free *ur* 
seats1 regulation1 #bdh4    ,fre$om (   
wor%ip1 #adb4    ,free ex]cise (        
religion1 #cg4    ,freemason1 burial (1 
#dci4    ,funds1 ( *ur*1 #eh2           
dissolv$ *ur*1 #gh2    division (       
unlawful1 #abi2    li5 on1 = money paid1
 #bfg2    div]t+ f use1 #bih4    ,fun]al
 exp5ses1 #bbi2    on ,sunday1 #daa4    
,future uses1 devise1 #cbc4    ,g       
,gambl+1 #dbj4    ,g5]al laws1          
corporations1 #fb4    ,gifts ( a        
bankrupt1 #dhc4    ,god1 belief1 public 
(fice1 #dh2    crimes aga9/1 #djf4      
,good fai?1 libel1 sl&]1 #chc4          
,gratian1 juri/1 #ac4    ,gratuit\s     

s]vices1 #ccg4    ,gu>dian%ip1          
ecclesia/ical1 #aa2    religion ( w>d1  
#cfe4    ,h    ,h>mony1 want (1 #bij4   
,he>+1 fair trial1 #aci2    evid5ce1    
#bjb1 #bai4    ,he>say evid5ce1 #bjb1   
#bai4    ,heirs & assigns1 cemet]y1     
#dda4    ,h]esy1 legal /atus1 #cab4     
,hold ov] (fic]s1 #aej4    ,hospitals1  
public money1 #dd2    n taxable1 #cca4  
,ho/ile to religion1 #da4    ,hypocrite1
 sl&]1 #chi4    ,i    ,id5tity ( "n or  
p>ty1 #bef4    ,illegal action1 void1   
#ada4    ,illegitimate1 cu/ody1 #cfb4   
,immoral "*1 *ild1 #ceb4    ,imp$im5ts1 
m>riage1 #dhj4    ,imprisonm5t1 false1  
#chg4    ,improvem5ts1 cemet]y lot1     
#ddg4    ,income p]quisites1 #aje4      
,incorporat$1 liability1 #aai2    p[]s1 
purposes1 #abe2    *>t]1 by-laws1 #aed4 
,incorporation ( *ur*1 #fb1 #fd2        
congregation1 #fe1 #gg4    ,incorporeal 
h]$itam5t1 pew1 #bch4    ,indep5d5t     
society1 /atus1 #abd4    ,indians1 w>ds1
 citiz5s1 #cga4    ,indig5t soldi]s1    
tomb/ones1 #dbd4    ,induction1 in=mal1 

#if4    ,infallibility1 judges1 #dhb2   
comp>isons1 #dhb4    ,infancy1 m>riage1 
conv5t1 #cff1 #cfh4    ,inh]its1 "r (   
burial1 #dcg4    ,injunction1 #dgi1     
#ddh1 #cab1 #bac1 #adj4    ,injuries1   
liability1 #dga4    ,innovations (      
doctr9e1 #cjh4    ,insane1 libel1 sl&]1 
#chc4    ,inscriptions1 (f5sive1 #ddc4  
,inspectors ( election1 #ahf2    (      
,indian s*ools1 #cgc4    ,in/itutions1  
*>itable1 #cbh2    damage suits1 #ccf1  
#dgj2    public & private1 #cda4        
,in/rum5t ( puni%m5t1 #cfd4             
,insubord9ate1 discipl9e1 #ij4          
,insubord9ation1 trial1 #aci4           
,insurance1 divorce1 #dgh4    ,int]e/1  
adv]se ( (fic]1 #afj2    mu/ h to sue1  
#bag4    ,int]rupt religi\s s]vice1     
#djd4    ,j    ,jews1 con/itution1 #ab2 
,sunday1 ,sabba?1 #dab4    ,judge ( *ur*
 c\rt1 #bjg2    may "q witness1 #bbb4   
,judicial notice1 #bai2    n ( *ur* law1
 #bfe4    ,jurisdiction1 *ur* c\rt1     
#aif2    notice ( trial1 #cjc2    ,u4   
,s4 cemet]ies1 #dbb4    ,juror ( *ur*   

c\rt1 #bjg4    ,ju/ification1 libel1    
sl&]1 #cie4    ,k    ,key1 evid5ce (    
possession1 #afi4    ,k91 cemet]y       
rights1 #dcg1 #dda1 #ddi1 #dec2         
cu/ody ( corpse1 #deg1 #dfc1 #dfd2      
damages = mutilation1 #dfc4    ,l       
,l&1 ve/$ titles1 #bdj2    ,texan *ur*1 
#bfi2    quantity limitation1 #bhc1     
#cje4    ,language1 libel1 sl&]1 #chc4  
,law & religion1 #a2    religi\s lib]ty1
 #dae4    ,lay memb]s1 (fic]s1 #aba4    
,lease ( pews1 #bdh2    exempt prop]ty1 
#cjj2    ) gov]nm5t1 #cde4    ,leave to 
pur*ase1 #bhj4    ,legal notice1 #ga2   
rights1 *ur* c\rts1 #aih4    ,legatee1  
unc]ta91 #bga1 #cbb1 #cbc4              
,legitimatiz$ *ild1 #cfc4    ,liability 
( individuals1 #ed4    ,libel & sl&]1   
#cgg1 #chb2    :at may be1 #cgg1 #cie4  
,lib]ty1 juv5ile1 #cgf4    ,lic5se to d 
an act1 #ded2    revok+1 resi/+1 #dge4  
,li5 = pur*ase money1 #cja4    ,limits (
 cemet]y1 #dcj4    ,limit$ debt by      
by-laws1 #gd2    au?ority ( inf]ior1    
#hh4    ,limitation1 /atutes (1 #bjf2   

l& hold+1 #bhc1 #cje4    ,liquor1 libel 
& sl&]1 #chd2    ne> religi\s meet+1    
#djd4    ,loan to prie/ = *ur*1 #agc4   
,local corporation1 p[]1 #hd4    ,"l's  
,pray]1 s*ools1 #cdf1 #bah4    ,lots    
giv5 z subscription1 #bee2    cemet]y1  
title1 #ddj4    ,lots isolat$1 tax$1    
#ccj4    ,m    ,mail1 prohibit$1 #dai4  
,major excommunication1 #acb4           
,majority1 :at is1 #hj1 #adf1 #aea1     
#ahe2    unlawful acts1 #abh1 #aea1     
#bhi2    bo>d1 committee1 #cfj4         
,malice1 libel & sl&]1 #cgg4            
,managem5t1 corporation1 #eg2           
temporal affairs1 #ff2    factions1     
#baa4    ,m&amus1 :5 issu$1 #adj4       
,manumission ( *ild1 #cfh4    ,m>riage1 
record (1 #aia2    infants1 cons5t1     
#cfh2    ,sunday promise1 #daj2         
imp$im5ts1 #dhj2    public s*ool pupil1 
#ceg4    ,m>yl&1 cemet]y law1 #dbf4     
,mass def9$1 #bi4    ,masses1 beque/s =1
 #caf4    ,masonic ,ord]1 *>ity1 #ccc4  
,mat]ials1 liability1 #ef4    ,mat]nal  
relatives1 *ild1 #cfa4    ,meet+s (     

corporation1 #hj2    notice1 "t1 place1 
#agf2    cons5t1 #fj1 #agi4    ,memb]s1 
corporation1 #fe1 #bec2    sl&] (1 #cgh2
    cemet]y own]s1 #dbh1 #dde4          
,memb]%ip 9 *ur*1 #aad2    society      
memb]s1 #fa2    (fic]s1 #aef2           
condition1 beque/1 #cbj4    ,me?odi/    
division1 #acj2    coalition1 #caj2     
,presbyt]ians1 #caj4    ,middle ,ages1  
gr[? ( law1 #ab4    ,m9i/]1 def9ition1  
#cb2    au?ority ( ,prote/ant1 #ha2     
depos$1 #ajd2    dismissal (1 #aji4     
,m9or1 n *ur* vot]1 #aae 7see infant72  
ex-communication1 #hg1 #aca4    ,m9utes1
 evid5ce1 h[ kept1 #ahi4    ,misnom]1   
pro(1 #bef4    ,missions1 ,cali=nia1    
#bfh4    ,mississippi1 bigotry1 #ej1    
#ccd4    ,mi/ake1 9 de$ or w1 #cag4     
,misuse ( prop]ty1 #bia4    ,money1     
(fic]s1 #afd2    /ol5 title1 gift1 #dhc2
    responsibility =1 #agb2    gift to  
*>ity1 #dhc2    sew+ circle1 #age2      
congregation1 #bgd2    advanc$ by prie/1
 #aji4    ,monks1 l&1 #bfh4             
,monum5ts1 free1 #dbc1 #dbd2    (f5sive1

 #ddc1 #dfg2    injur+1 #dba1 #dbc1     
#dbi4    ,mortgage1 =eclosure1 #bcb2    
bi%op's au?ority1 #bfa2    cemet]y lot1 
#dcb2    *ur* prop]ty1 #bfd4            
,mortma91 :]e 9 =ce1 #cdj4    ,"m1 *ild1
 #cfb1 #cff4    ,"m ,*ur*1 h]esy1 #abb4 
,"m-9-law1 tomb/one1 #dfh4    ,mummy1   
prop]ty 91 #dfe4    ,murd]1 correct+    
*ild1 #cfd4    ,mutilation ( corpse1    
#dfb1 #dfc1 #dfd4    8,my wife1 ,anna   
,jones10 w1 insurance1 #dgh4    ,n      
,"n1 *ange ( corporate1 #fi2            
importance1 record1 #aie2    error 9    
beque/ or de$1 #cag4    ,natural        
,ju/ice1 influ5ce1 #e4    ,necess>ies1  
:at are1 #daf4    ,necessity1 "w (1     
#dji4    ,neglig5ce1 liability1 #ccf1   
#dgj4    ,negroes1 burial (1 #def4      
,newspap]1 criticism ( prie/1 #che2     
criticism ( dead1 #cic4    ,new ,york   
*ur* law1 #ej4    ,non-baptiz$1 burial1 
#ddc4    ,non-memb]s1 burial (1 #ddc2   
(fic]s1 #aaf4    ,non-resid5ce1 "r (    
burial1 #deh4    ,non-slave-hold+1      
,me?odi/s1 #acj4    ,note1 au?ority to  

make1 #afj2    :5 *ur* b\nd1 #afc2      
sign]s b\nd1 #agj4    ,notice1 legal1   
#ga1 #agf1 #bfd2    due notice necess>y1
 #adf1 #agf2    special meet+1 #agh1    
#bfd2    s]vice (1 #ahj2    waiv] (1    
#bje2    giv5 on ,sunday1 #daj4         
,nuns1 individual prop]ty1 #cdb4        
,nuisance1 cemet]y1 #dcd4    ,o         
,obitu>y1 libel1 #cib4    ,object (     
juv5ile c\rts1 #cgf4    ,obsc5e         
language1 mail1 #dai4    ,(f5se at      
common law1 #dja2    "u /atutes1 #cif4  
,(fice1 religi\s qualifications1 #dh2   
memb]%ip qualifications1 #aef4          
,(fic]s1 duties1 rights1 #fc2           
non-memb]s1 #aef1 #aaf2    libel1 #cib4 
,(ficial communication1 libel1 #cgi4    
,ohio1 ,bible1 #cdg4    ,ov]draft1      
au?ority1 #afj4    ,orphan asylums1     
public money1 #cdd4    ,p    ,p>5t &    
*ild1 duties1 rights1 #cdc2    direct   
/udies1 #cec4    ,p>i%1 def9ition1 #cj2 
incorporat+1 #ea2    pa/or's relation1  
#ia4    ,p>i%ion]1 def9ition1 #cj4      
,p>sonage1 use1 #ec2    r5t$1 taxes1    

#ccb4    ,p>o*ial s*ools1 #cdc4         
,p>tn]s1 un9corporat$ *ur*1 #ed4        
,p>ties to suits1 #gf1 #bad4    ,pa/oral
 duties1 sl&]1 #chj4    ,pa/or1         
liability = sal>y1 #ee2    relations    
t]m9at$1 #ia4    ,pay+ money to depos$  
cl]gy1 #bac4    ,p]mission f sup]ior1   
#aja4    ,p]sonalty1 *ur* on roll]s1    
#bii4    ,p]v]sion ( prop]ty1 #bia4     
,p]secutions1 promot$ law1 #h4    ,pew1 
"r to occupy1 #bdb1 #bdd2    removal f1 
#bdg4    ,pew r5t ( deceas$1 #bdi2      
qualification ( vot]1 #bej4    ,pew     
rights1 #bca-bej4    ,philosophical     
f\ndations ( law1 #d4    ,physician1    
,sunday1 #daa2    ,*ri/ian ,sci5ti/1    
#db1 #dag2    furni%+ = family1 #daf4   
,place1 notice ( meet+1 #adc4    ,police
 p[]1 cemet]ies1 #dbi4    ,politics1    
m9i/]1 arre/1 #dah4    ,poll li/ ( *ur* 
vot]s1 #ade4    ,policem51 arre/1 #dgd4 
,pollution ( wat]1 #dca4    ,pope1      
sup]ior au?ority1 #hb4    ,possession1  
key indicates1 #afh4    ,p[]s (         
corporation1 #afd4    ,pray] 9 s*ool1   

#cdh2    meet+1 notice1 #ahg4           
,presbyt]ians & ,me?odi/s1 #caj4        
,pres]ve ord]1 prie/1 #djc4    ,preside1
 :o may1 #aei4    ,presid5t1 ,indians1  
trade1 #cgd4    ,presumptions1 *ur* law1
 #bbh4    ,presid+ (fic]1 #ahc4         
,presum$ au?ority1 #aja4    ,prie/1     
bi%op n liable = sal>y1 #ih2            
fell[-s]vant ( bi%op1 #ie2              
semi-s]vant1 #ih2    removal1 trial1    
#ii1 #aii2    borr[+ money = *ur*1 #agc2
    possession (1 #ih1 #aig2    de$ 9   
prie/'s "n1 #bfg2    ag5t ( bi%op1 #bgj2
    excommunication1 sl&]1 #chj2        
newspap] criticism1 #che2    us+ =ce1   
ord]1 #djc2    exclud+ disord]lies1     
#dgd2    witness1 privilege1 #bba1 #bbb2
    answ]s1 #bbb2    suits by & aga9/1  
#bjh4    ,prie/hood1 discipl9e1 #hi2    
beque/ to educate =1 #cbd4    ,pr9cipal 
s]vice1 notice1 #ahj4    ,private s*ool1
 di/urb+1 #cii4    ,privacy1 confessor1 
#ajj4    ,privileges ( *ur* c\rt1 #aif2 
witness1 #bba1 #bbb2    cemet]y1 #dda4  
,privileg$1 confessions1 #bba2          

(ficial communications1 #cgi4           
,probable cause1 sl&]1 arre/1 #cij4     
,proc$ure 9 *ur* c\rt1 #bjg4    ,process
 to obta9 jurisdiction1 #cjc4           
,pr(anity1 a crime1 #djg4    ,pr(ane    
language 9 *ur*1 #cig2    swe>]1 libel1 
#cic4    ,promise1 consid]ation1 #bcd1  
#bcf4    ,pro( ( ! notice1 #ahb2        
crime1 #djg4    ,prop] record 9 p>i%1   
#aid4    ,prop]ty1 title 9 :om1 #fc2    
confiscation1 #id2    execution aga9/1  
#aah2    cu/ody (1 #aig2    factions1   
#baa2    re/rictions on am\nt1 #cjd2    
( nuns1 #cdb2    9 a corpse1 #dfe4      
,prote/ aga9/ burial1 #dec4             
,prote/ant1 :o is a1 #dc2    ,new       
,hamp%ire1 #dc2    sup]ior au?ority1    
#ha2    s]vices 9 s*ools1 #bi2    tea*]1
 taxes =1 #dg4    ,public in/itutions1  
support1 #cda2    cemet]ies1 #dcc2      
s*ool ,bible1 #cdh2    religi\s s]vices 
91 #bi2    resid5ce ( pupils1 #cei2     
heal?1 cemet]y1 #dcd4    ,puni%m5t 9    
s*ool1 #ced1 #cee2    by p>5t1 #cfd4    
,purposes ( a gift or beque/1 #bgh2     

acquir$ = *ur*1 #bhb2    leas$ l&s1     
#cjj2    exempt f taxes1 #cbi4    ,q    
,qu>rel1 secession1 #acj4               
,quasi-public corporations1 #bf4        
,quit-claim1 conditions1 #bhf4          
,quorum1 numb] necess>y1 #hj2    :o     
c\nt$1 #adf2    majority1 #ahe1 #hj1    
#adf4    ,r    ,rations = ,indian       
s*ools1 #cge4    ,real e/ate taxes1 #ea2
    purposes1 held =1 #bhb2    *ang+    
purpose1 #cci4    ,rebuild+1 pe:old]s1  
#bde4    ,rector or pa/or1 #cc4         
,rector1 induction1 #if2    *>ges aga9/1
 #chd4    ,record1 keep+1 #aie4         
,record+ m>riage1 #dhj4    ,r$ress (    
prie/1 dismissal1 #aii4    ,re=mation & 
law1 #ac2    pews r5t$1 sold1 #bcg4     
,re=matories1 juv5ile c\rts1 #cgf4      
,regul> *ur* organization1 #gj1 #aaa4   
,regulation ( cemet]ies1 #dcc4          
,relation ( pa/or to p>i%1 #ia4         
,relatives1 ab&on$ cemet]y1 #ddi4       
,religion1 anci5t1 #b2    corporations1 
#bf2    def9ition1 #cd2    ,*ri/ian1    
#bd2    influ5ce on law1 #a2    crime   

"u1 #dj2    anti-religion1 fre$om1 #da2 
gu>dian proselyte1 #cfe2    crimes      
aga9/1 #djf4    ,religi\s g>b1 #bh1 #di2
    lib]ty1 #ah1 #bh1 #di1 #dae2        
memb]%ip1 #aaj1 #aaa2    s]vice1        
consid]ation1 #bcj2    te/s1 #ce2       
tol]ance1 #ah1 #bh2    society1 #bj1    
#bc2    wor%ip1 #bi4    ,rem$ies 9 *ur* 
c\rt1 #bjd4    ,remodel+1 pe:old]s1     
#bde4    ,removal1 ( cl]gy1 #bja2    (  
animal c>casses1 #deb2    ( build+1     
#bge2    ( corpse1 #dfj1 #dfa4    ,r5t$ 
pews1 #bcg2    p>sonage1 #ccb2          
prie/'s rights1 #bdj4    ,repair (      
cemet]y1 #dga4    ,repeat+ sl&]1 #cie4  
,resid5ce ( /ud5ts1 #dgg4    ,res       
judicata1 #dhb4    ,re/rictions on      
prop]ty1 #cjd2    corporation1 #bdi4    
,resid5ts ( di/rict1 #cei4    ,result+  
tru/1 #cbg4    ,rev5ues ( p>i%1 #bgi4   
,rev]t1 l&s :51 #bid1 #bie4             
,revocable lic5se1 #ded4                
,reorganization ( corporation1 #gi4     
,ridicule ( holy be+s1 #djf4    ,"r1    
natural1 law1 #c2    con/itutional1 #dc2

    possession1 key1 #afh2    ve/$      
prop]ty1 #bib1 #baj2    adoption1 *ild1 
#cfg2    burial1 #dcg1 #dci2    cu/ody (
 corpse1 #dff2    to occupy a pew1 #bdb4
    ,riot1 c\nty liable1 #eb4           
8,robb$10 libel1 sl&]1 #chi4    ,rome1  
s\rce ( law1 #e4    ,roman ,ca?olic     
,*ur*1 #hb4    ,roman law 9 ,engl&1 #af4
    ,rules ( *ur*1 #aad2    vot]s 9     
*ur*1 #ahd2    evid5ce1 #aic1 #bai-bbi2 
title 9 "n ( bi%op1 #bff2    diocesan1  
cemet]ies1 #dee4    ,s    ,sabba?1      
violation (1 #bah4    ,sacram5ts1 sl&]1 
#cia4    ,sal>y1 prie/'s1 #ee1 #ie2     
li5 =1 #cja4    ,sale 9 p]petuity1 (    
pew1 #bda2    ( *ur* prop]ty1 #beh4     
,saloon ne> *ur*1 #dge4    ,s*ism1      
secession1 #acj4    ,s*ool1 ,indian1    
#cgb1 #cge2    public1 #cdc1 #cdd2      
p>o*ial1 #cdc2    h\se1 *ur*1 #cea2     
ma/]1 au?ority1 #cee2    moneys1        
orphanages1 #cdd4    ,seats1 free1 #bdh4
    ,secession1 result1 #gb1 #acj2      
prop]ty1 funds1 #abc1 #cai2    debts (  
*ur*1 #abf4    ,secret societies1 #bba4 

,sect1 def9itions1 #bg1 #eh1 #id1 #cac4 
,sect>ianism1 #bg1 #bh1 #bi4            
,sect>ian1 #bh2    ,bible1 #cge4        
,secul> c\rts & *ur*1 #bjd2    matt]s1  
doctr9al1 #hd2    "w1 ,sunday1 #dac4    
,sell+ pew on execution1 #bdf4          
,s5t5ce1 publi%+ libel1 #acc4           
,sepulture1 "r (1 #adj4    ,s]mon1 sl&]1
 #chh4    ,s]vant1 prie/ ( bi%op1 #ih4  
,s]vices1 pay =1 #ajh2    wife's 9 home1
 #cgj2    div9e1 disord]1 #djb2         
religi\s1 #bi4    ,sev5?-,day obs]v]s1  
#dab4    ,sew+ circle1 moneys1 #age4    
,sexton1 sal>y1 #agd2    au?ority 9     
*ur*1 #cad4    ,%ak]s1 prop]ty (1 #eh4  
,sick1 bells di/urb+1 #dgi4             
,signature1 8,nalty ,family10 #bcd4     
,s9s & crimes1 #cif4    ,si/]s1         
hospital1 public money1 #dd4    ,sl&] at
 trial1 #bjc4    ,slave-hold+1          
,me?odi/s1 #acj4    ,smok+ 9 *ur*1 #cig4
    ,societies1 memb]s1 #fa2    di/9ct f
 congregation1 #abd2    ,sunday meet+s1 
#dac2    gov]n$ by laws1 #dgb2          
bi%op's control (1 #dgc2    secret1     

#bba4    ,sold pews1 #bcg4    ,soldi]s' 
tomb/ones1 #dbc4    ,sov]eignty1 mean+1 
#ch4    ,spani% t]ritory1 *ur*1 #bgg4   
,special damages1 sl&]1 #cid4           
,special law1 incorporation1 #fb2       
meet+1 notice1 #agh2    purpose1 money  
giv5 =1 #bce4    ,spiritual au?ority1   
#hg4    ,/&>d ( doctr9e1 #be1 #bi4      
,/>a decisis1 #dhb4    ,/ate au?ority1  
cemet]ies1 #dbe4    ,/ates1 ea*         
sov]eign1 #ch2    re/rictions 9 *ur*    
l&s1 #cjd2    education1 books1 #cdc1   
#cdi2    cemet]ies1 #dei1 #dba4         
,/atutes1 wills1 beque/s1 #cae2         
cemet]ies1 #dba1 #dbf4    ,/ipulation1  
cemet]y1 #ded4    ,/rang]s1 vot+1 #adf2 
burial 9 cemet]y1 #ddc2    /rang] 9 lot1
 #dec4    ,/ud5ts1 vot]s1 :]e1 #dgg4    
,/udies1 control ( s*ool1 #cec4         
,subord9ate organization1 #abe4         
,subsequ5t laws to con/itution1 #fh4    
,subscriptions1 "r to solicit1 #ajb2    
unpaid1 liability1 #aai1 #bcd2          
consid]ation1 #bcd1 #bcf2    lot giv5 z1
 #bee2    ,sunday1 #daa2    special     

purpose (1 #bce4    ,successors1 (fic]s1
 #aej1 #aeh2    bi%op's1 #bhg4          
,suits1 p>ties1 #gf1 #bag2    mu/ h "r1 
#gf1 #id1 #bce2    9 "n ( "o = o!rs1    
#bad2    prev5t p]v]t$ use1 #bia2       
prie/1 #bjh4    ,sunday1 s]vices 9      
s*ool1 #cea2    violations (1 #djh2     
:5 beg9s & ends1 #dad4    ,sunday s*ool1
 *ur*1 #bi1 #cih4    ,sup]ioress1       
liability1 #agb4    ,support+ *ur*1     
/ate1 #ccd4    ,support1 te/ ( memb]%ip1
 #aaa4    ,susp5sion by bi%op1 #bja4    
,surgeon at hospital1 #ccg4    ,t       
,tax to support ,prote/antism1 #dg2     
on pews1 #bdc2    incorporation1 #ea4   
,taxes1 bi%op's resid5ce1 #bfe1 #cca4   
,tea*]1 religi\s ex]cise1 #cdf2         
/udies ( pupils1 #cec4    ,temporal     
affairs1 corporation1 #ff1 #cji4    ,t]m
 ( (fice1 #aeh4    ,te/imony1 *ur* c\rt1
 #bjc2    on trial privileg$1 #chf4     
,te/ oa?1 uncon/itutional1 #cf4         
,texan ,revolution1 *ur*1 #bfi4         
,text-books1 bo>d controls1 #cdi4       
,?anks z pay1 #aff4    ,!ory ( *ur*     

crimes1 #dje4    ,"t ( meet+1 #adc2     
condition1 de$1 gift1 #bhd2             
di/urbance ( meet+1 #djb4    ,title1    
de$1 #bed2    adv]se possession1 #beg2  
pro( (1 #bfe1 #bff1 #bhj2    monks 9    
,cali=nia1 #bfh2    divid$ *ur*1 #bij2  
mortma91 #cdj2    cemet]y lot1 #dci4    
,tobacco1 use (1 sl&]1 #chd4    ,toll+  
bell1 sl&]1 #cib2    :5 nuisance1 #dgi4 
,tomb/ones1 #dbc1 #dbd2    "r to put up1
 #dfh4    ,torts1 *ur* c\rts1 #bib2     
corpse1 mutilat+1 #dfc4    ,trades      
taught ,indians1 #cgd4    ,traffic1     
di/urb+ meet+1 #djd4    ,treasur]1      
au?ority (1 #afb4    ,trees1 cutt+ 9    
cemet]y1 #dfi4    ,trespass 9 cemet]y1  
#dbi1 #ddh4    ,tribunals1 *ur*1 #ai2   
decision (1 #ig2    proc$ure privileg$1 
#cgg1 #chf4    ,trial1 injunction aga9/1
 #ii2    *ur*1 lawful1 #aig2    c\nsel =
 p>ties1 #bjj2    judgm5t1 #bja2        
proce$+s privileg$1 #bjc4    ,true      
religion1 #b1 #caa4    ,tru/1 en=c+1    
#fj2    fraud creat+1 #aga2    c\rts (  
equity1 #bab2    sale 9 p]petuity1 #bda2

    bi%op1 l&1 #bfb1 #bhg2    evid5ce (1
 #bgc2    ve/s 9 :om1 #bgh2    di/+ui%$1
 #bif2    hold+ = o!rs1 #cdj4           
,tru/ees ( *ur*1 #eh2    disqualifi$1   
#acd2    duties & p[]s1 #eh1 #aee2      
note by tru/ees1 #afc2    comp5sation (1
 #aff2    beque/s to1 #bea2             
vacancies1 h[ fill$1 #bhh4    ,tru/     
funds1 #big4    ,two-family lot 9       
cemet]y1 #dea4    ,u    ,unc]ta9ty1     
legatees1 #bga1 #cbb1 #cbc4             
,und]tak]1 duties1 rights1 #cad4        
,undue influ5ce ( cl]gy1 #cah4          
,uni=mity1 #aij4    ,un9corporat$ *ur*1 
#he1 #aag2    liability ( memb]s1 #bea2 
:o may manage1 #aed4    ,un9corporat$   
congregation1 #bag2    p>i%1 #aag4      
,unit$ ,/ates1 #dbb1 #bbg4    ,usages1  
pew r5t1 p]quisites1 #aje2    election1 
#adh2    pro( ( *ur*1 #bbh4    ,use1    
special by de$ or devise1 #ec2    =     
*ur*1 pews1 #bdj2    ( p>i% build+s1    
#bgf2    di/+ui%$1 #bif2    =feit$1 h[1 
#ddd4    ,v    ,vacancy 9 (fice1 #bhh4  
,vacate cemet]y1 #dei4    ,ve/$ rights1 

#bid2    =feiture1 #gb1 #bid4           
,violation ( discipl9e1 #djb4    ,virg91
 ,bless$1 mail1 #djf4    ,void1 devise  
or gift1 #ace2    elections1 #adc1 #agg4
    ,voire dire exam9ation1 #bbb1 #bbe4 
,vote ( excommunication1 #acc2    /ud5ts
 at college1 #dgg4 7,see 8,ballot10     
8,usage407    ,vot]s1 qualifications1   
#add1 #ahd1 #bej2    poll li/ (1 #ade2  
*all5ge (1 #ahf4    ,votes1 ca/1        
majority1 #aea2    inspectors1 #ahf2    
illegal1 effect1 #ahf4    ,v[s1 prop]ty 
rights1 #cdb4    ,w    ,wages ( ,si/]s1 
#di2    ( sexton1 #agd4    ,waiv] (     
notice1 #bje2    *all5ge1 #ahf4         
,w>d51 wages1 #agd2    au?ority1 #agd4  
,w>ds1 ,indians are1 #cga2    religion  
(1 #cfe4    ,w$d+ pranks1 unlawful1     
#dha4    ,well1 cemet]y pollut+1 #dca4  
,:ite *ildr51 public s*ools1 #ceg4      
,w1 conditions1 #bhe2    "u /atutes1    
#cae2    sl&] by w1 #chb2    dispos+ (  
corpse1 #deg1 #dff4    ,wiscons9's      
/atutes1 #ej4    ,wiscons9 ,indu/rial   
,s*ool = ,girls1 #bh4    ,)drawal f     

*ur*1 #abg4    ,witness 9 *ur* trial1   
#bjg2    civil c\rts1 #bbb4    ,wor%ip1 
:o det]m9es1 #cjh2    religi\s1 #bi4    
,writt5 notice requir$1 #ahg4    ,y     
,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a41 taxes1 #dgf4           
,,books ,,( ,,doctr9e1 ,,in/ruction1    
,,devotion1 ,,m$itation1 ,,biography1   
,,novels1  ,,juv5iles1 ,,etc4 ,,publi%$ 
,,by ,,b5zig] ,,bro!rs      ,books n    
m>k$ net w be s5t po/paid on receipt ( !
 adv]tis$  price4 ,books m>k$ net are   
su* :]e t5 p] c5t mu/ be add$ =  po/age4
 ,?us a book adv]tis$ at net #a4jj w be 
s5t po/paid on  receipt ( #a4aj4        
,doctr9e1 ,in/ruction1 ,etc4            
,,ab&onm5t2 or1 ,absolute ,surr5d] (    
,self to ,div9e ,provid5ce4             
,,caussade1 ,s4,j4                      
net1 #j #ej  ,,adoration ,,( ,,!        
,,bless$ ,,sacram5t1 ,,!4 ,,tesni,,re4  
#j #ej  ,,anecdotes ,,&  ,,examples     
,,illu/rat+  ,,! ,,ca?olic ,,cate*ism4  
,,spirago4              net1 #a #ej     
,,angels ,,( ,,! ,,sanctu>y4 ,,muss]4   
net1 #j #ae  ,,apo/les' ,,cre$4 ,m,,ll]1

 ,c4,,ss4,r4                 net1 #a #aj
  ,,art ,,( ,,pr(it+ ,,by ,,our         
,,faults4 ,,/4 ,,francis ,,de ,,sales1  
net1 #j #ej  ,,autobiography ,,( ,,/4   
,,ignatius ,,loyola4 ,o',,conor4   net1 
#a #be  ,,beg9n+s ,,( ,,*ri/ianity4     
,,%ahan4             net1 #b #jj        
,,bless$ ,,sacram5t ,,book4 ,,lasance   
#a #ej  ,,blossoms ,,( ,,! ,,cross4     
,,giehrl4 #abmo4                 #a #be 
,,book ,,( ,,! ,,pr(ess$4 #c volumes1   
ea*1         net1 #j #ge  ,,boy-,,sav]s'
 ,,guide4 ,,qu91 ,s4,j4                 
net1 #a #ce  ,,bread ,,( ,,life4        
,,willam4                               
#j #ge  ,,camillus ,,de ,,lellis4 ,by ,a
 ,,si/] ,,( ,,m]cy4       net1 #a #jj   
,,cases ,,( ,,consci5ce4 ,,slat]1 ,s4,j4
 #b vols4       net1 #c #ej  ,,cate*ism 
,,expla9$1 ,,!4 ,,spirago-,,cl>ke4      
net1 #b #ej  ,,ca?olic ,,belief4 ,,fa   
,,di ,,bruno4 #afmo1 pap]1 net1 #j4ae2  
clo?1              net1 #j #ce          
,,ca?olic ,,c]emonies4 ,,dur&4 ,pap]1   
#j4be2 ,clo?1     #j #ej  ,,ca?olic     

,,girl',s ,,guide4 ,,lasance4           
#a #be  ,,ca?olic ,,home ,,annual4      
#j #be  ,,ca?olic ,,practice ,,at ,,*ur*
 ,,& ,,at ,,home4 ,,klaud]4 ,pap]1      
#j4cj2 ,clo?1              #j #fj       
,,ca?olic',s ,,ready ,,answ]4 ,,hill1   
,s4,j4             net1 #b #jj          
,,c]emonial ,,= ,,alt> ,,boys4 ,,britt1 
,o4,s4,b4        net1 #j #ce            
,,*>act]i/ics  ,,&  ,,religion  ,,(     
,,mod]n ,,socialism4 ,,m+1 ,s4,j4       
net1 #a #ej  ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,true   
,,devotion4 ,,gr\1 ,s4,j4    net1 #j #ge
  ,,*>ity ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,e ,,bless+4 
net1 #j #ej  ,,*ild ,,prep>$ ,,= ,,fir/ 
,,communion4 ,,zulueta1 ,s4,j4 ,pap]4   
#j #je  ,,*ri/ ,,9 ,,type ,,&           
,,prophecy4 ,,maas1 ,s4,j4 #b vols4 net1
 #d #jj  ,,*ri/ian ,,apologetics4       
,,devivi]-,,messm]4        net1 #b #jj  
,,*ri/ian ,,education4 ,o',,connell4    
net1 #j #fj  ,,*ri/ian ,,fa!r4          
,,cram]-,,lamb]t4                    #j 
#ej  ,,*ri/ian ,,"m4 ,,cram]4           
#j #ej  ,,*ur* ,,& ,,h] ,,enemies4      

,m,,ll]1 ,c4,,ss4,r4         net1 #a #aj
  ,,comm5t>y ,,on ,,! ,,psalms4 7,ps4   
,i-,l47 ,,b]ry4     net1 #b #jj         
,,correct ,,?9k+ ,,= ,,ca?olics4 ,,bugg4
              #j #ge  ,,c\nsels ,,( ,,/4
 ,,angela4                              
net1              #j #be  ,,devotions   
,,& ,,pray]s ,,by ,,/4 ,,alphonsus4     
,,w>d4                         #a #be   
,,devotions ,,& ,,pray]s ,,= ,,!        
,,sick-,,room4 ,,krebs4                 
#j #ej  ,,devotions ,,to ,,! ,,sacr$    
,,he>t4 ,,huguet4                       
#j #ce  ,,devotion ,,to ,,! ,,sacr$     
,,he>t ,,( ,,jesus4 ,,nold9-,,k5t4      
net1 #a #be  ,,div9e ,,grace4 ,,wir?4   
#j #ej  ,,div9e ,,(fice4 ,,/4           
,,alphonsus ,,liguori4                  
net1 #a #ej  ,,ecclesia/ical            
,,diction>y4 ,,!94                      
net1 #e #jj  ,,education ,,( ,,our      
,,girls4 ,,%ields4                      
net1 #a #jj  ,,eu*>i/ ,,& ,,p5ance4     
,m,,ll]1 ,c4,,ss4,r4   net1 #a #aj      
,,eu*>i/ic ,,*ri/4 ,,tesni,,re4         

net1 #a #be  ,,eu*>i/ic ,,lilies4       
,,ma]y4                                 
net1 #a #jj  ,,explanation ,,( ,,bible  
,,hi/ory4 ,,na%4                        
net1 #a #fj  ,,explanation ,,( ,,ca?olic
 ,,morals4 ,,/apleton4                  
#j #ej  ,,explanation ,,( ,,baltimore   
,,cate*ism4 ,,k9kead4              net1 
#a #jj  ,,explanation ,,( ,,!           
,,comm&m5ts4 ,m,,ll]4                   
net1 #a #aj  ,,explanation ,,( ,,!      
,,comm&m5ts4 ,,rolfus4                  
#j #ej  ,,explanation ,,( ,,! ,,cre$4   
,,rolfus4                               
#j #ej  ,,explanation ,,( ,,gospels ,,& 
,,( ,,ca?olic ,,wor%ip4                 
,,lamb]t-,,br5nan4 ,pap]1               
#j4be2 ,clo?1                           
#j #ej  ,,explanation ,,( ,,! ,,holy    
,,sacram5ts4 ,,rolfus4                  
#j #ej  ,,explanation ,,( ,,! ,,mass4   
,,co*em4                                
#j #ej  ,,explanation ,,( ,,! ,,pray]s  
,,& ,,c]emonies ,,( ,,! ,,mass4         
,,lanslots1 ,o4,s4,b4              #j   

#ej  ,,explanation ,,( ,,! ,,salve      
,,reg9a4 ,,/4 ,,alphonsus ,,liguori4    
net1 #j #ge  ,,extreme ,,unction4       
,,phillip4 ,pap]1               #j #jg  
,,fl[]s ,,( ,,! ,,passion4 #cbmo4       
#j #ej  ,,foll[+ ,,( ,,*ri/4 ,,?omas    
,,kempis4 ,lea!r4                       
#a #jj  ,,foll[+ ,,( ,,*ri/4 ,,?omas    
,,kempis4 ,pla9 ,edition4               
#j #dj  ,,= ,,frequ5t ,,communicants4   
,,ro*e4 ,pap]1                          
#j #aj  ,,f\r ,,la/ ,,?+s4 ,,co*em4     
net1 #j #ge  ,,fundam5tals ,,( ,,!      
,,religi\s ,,life4 ,,s*leut]4           
net1 #j #fj  ,,g5]al ,,confession ,,made
 ,,easy4 ,,kon+s4 ,c4,,ss4,r4           
#j #ae  ,,g5]al ,,introduction ,,to ,,! 
,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,scriptures4     
,,gigot4              net1 #c #jj       
,,g5]al ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,/udy  
,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,scriptures4  ,abridg$  
,edition4  ,,gigot4           net1 #a   
#ge  ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,religi\s 
,,life4 ,,v]hey54           net1 #j #ej 
,,g5tleman1 ,a4 ,,egan4                 

#j #ge  ,,gift ,,( ,,! ,,k+4 ,,religi\s 
,h4 ,c4 ,j4                             
#j #ce  ,,glories ,,& ,,triumphs ,,( ,,!
 ,,ca?olic ,,*ur*4              #b #jj  
,,glories ,,( ,,m>y4 ,,/4 ,,alphonsus   
,,liguori4 #j4ej4 ,edition 9 two        
volumes4              net1 #c #jj       
,,glories ,,( ,,! ,,sacr$ ,,he>t4       
,,hau%]r1 ,s4,j4                     #j 
#ej  ,,god1 ,,*ri/1 ,,& ,,! ,,*ur*4     
,,hamm]1 ,o4,f4,m4                      
#b #jj  ,,g(f9e',s ,,dev\t              
,,in/ructions4              #a #jj      
,,great ,,encyclical ,,lett]s ,,( ,,pope
 ,,leo ,,xiii4                          
net1              #b #ej  ,,great       
,,means ,,( ,,salvation4 ,,/4           
,,alphonsus ,,liguori4          net1 #a 
#ej  ,,greet+s ,,to ,,! ,,*ri/-,,*ild4  
#j #fj  ,,gr[? ,,& ,,developm5t ,,( ,,! 
,,ca?olic ,,s*ool ,,sy/em ,,9 ,,!       
,,unit$ ,,/ates4              ,,burns4  
net1 #a #ge  ,,guide ,,= ,,sacri/ans4   
net1              #j #he  ,,h&book ,,(  
,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,religion4 ,,wilm]s4     

net1 #a #ej  ,,h>mony ,,( ,,! ,,religi\s
 ,,life4 ,,heus]4                       
net1 #a #be  ,,heav5 ,,op5 ,,to ,,s\ls4 
,,semple1 ,s4,j4                        
net1 #b #jj  ,,help ,,= ,,! ,,poor      
,,s\ls1 ,,ack]mann4                     
#j #fj  ,,helps ,,to ,a ,,spiritual     
,,life4 ,,s*neid]4                      
#j #ej  ,,hidd5 ,,treasure4 ,,/4        
,,leon>d4                               
#j #ej  ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,economics4       
,,dewe4                                 
net1 #a #ej  ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican 
,,college ,,9 ,,rome4 ,,brann4          
net1 #b #jj  ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,ca?olic 
,,*ur*4 ,,alzog4 #c vols4               
net1 #h #jj  ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,ca?olic 
,,*ur*4 ,,bus+]-,,br5nan4               
#b #jj  ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,ca?olic      
,,*ur*4 ,,brueck4 #b vols4              
net1 #c #jj  ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,mass4   
,o',,bri54                              
net1 #a #be  ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,!           
,,prote/ant ,,re=mation4 ,,gasquet4     
#j #ej  ,,hol9ess ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,9 ,,!

 ,,n9ete5? ,,c5tury1 ,,kempf-,,breymann4
              net1 #a #ge  ,,holy       
,,bible1 ,,!4  ,ord9>y ,edition1 ,clo?1 
#a4be1 & 9 f9] b9d+s up              to 
#e4jj4 ,india ,pap] ,edition1 #c4ej to  
#f #jj  ,,holy ,,eu*>i/4 ,,/4           
,,alphonsus ,,liguori4                  
net1 #a #ej  ,,holy ,,h\r1 ,,!4         
,,keiley4                               
#j #ae  ,,holy ,,h\r ,,( ,,adoration4   
,,/ang4                                 
#j #fj  ,,holy ,,mass1 ,,/4 ,,alphonsus 
,,liguori4                     net1 #a  
#ej  ,,holy ,,viaticum ,,( ,,life ,,z   
,,( ,,dea?4 ,,dev]4 ,pap]1 #j4be2       
,clo?1              #j #fj  ,,h[ ,,to   
,,com=t ,,! ,,sick4 ,,krebs1 ,c4,,ss4,r4
                           #j #ej  ,,h[ 
,,to ,,make ,,! ,,mission4 ,,dom9ican   
,,fa!r4 ,pap]1                 #j #aj   
,,imitation ,,( ,,*ri/4 ,see 8,foll[+ ( 
,*ri/40  ,,imitation ,,( ,,! ,,sacr$    
,,he>t4 ,,arn\dt4                       
#a #be  ,,inc>nation1 ,,bir? ,,&        
,,infancy ,,( ,,jesus ,,*ri/4 ,,/4      

,,alphonsus ,,liguori4              net1
 #a #ej  ,,9 ,,heav5 ,,we ,,"k ,,our    
,,own4 ,,blot1 ,s4,j4                   
net1 #j #fj  ,,index ,,to ,,works ,,(   
,,/4 ,,alphonsus ,,liguori4 ,,gei]mann1 
,c4,,ss4,r4 ,pap]4              net1 #j 
#aj  ,,in/ructions ,,on ,,! ,,comm&m5ts4
 ,,/4 ,,alphonsus ,,liguori4 ,clo?4     
#j #ej  ,,int]ior ,,( ,,jesus ,,& ,,m>y4
 ,,gr\1 ,s4,j4 #b vols4        net1 #b  
#jj  ,,introduction ,,to ,a ,,dev\t     
,,life4 ,,/4 ,,francis ,,de ,,sales4    
#j #ej  ,,lady1 ,a4 ,,bugg4             
#j #ge  ,,laws ,,( ,,! ,,k+4 ,,religi\s 
,h4 ,c4 ,j4                             
#j #ce  ,,lessons ,,( ,,! ,,savi\r4     
,,religi\s ,h4 ,c4 ,j4                  
#j #ce  ,,lett]s ,,( ,,/4 ,,alphonsus   
,,liguori4 ,,grimm1 ,c4,,ss4,r4 #e      
vols41 ea*1              net1 #a #ej    
,,life ,,( ,,"m ,,gu]94                 
net1 #b #jj  ,,life ,,( ,,bless$        
,,m>g>et ,,m>y ,,alacoque4 ,,b\gaud4    
#j #ej  ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,bless$ ,,virg94
 ,,rohn]-,,br5nan4                      

#j #ej  ,,life ,,( ,,*ri/4              
,,bus+]-,,br5nan4                       
net1 #aj #jj  ,,life ,,( ,,*ri/4        
,,co*em-,,hamm]4                        
#j #ej  ,,life ,,( ,,*ri/4 ,,bus+]4     
#b #jj  ,,life ,,( ,,8 ,,hol9ess ,,pope 
,,pius ,x4              #b #jj  ,,life  
,,( ,,mademoiselle ,,le ,,gras4         
#j #ej  ,,life ,,( ,,/4 ,,ca?>9e ,,(    
,,si5na4 ,,aym4                         
#a #jj  ,,life ,,( ,,/4 ,,ignatius      
,,loyola4 ,,g5elli1 ,s4,j4              
#j #ej  ,,life ,,( ,,si/] ,,anne        
,,ka?>9e ,,emm]i*4 ,,weg5]-,,mcg[an4    
net1 #a #ge  ,,little ,,alt> ,,boy',s   
,,manual4              #j #bj  ,,little 
,,lives ,,( ,,! ,,sa9ts4 ,,b]?old4      
#j #fj  ,,little ,,manual ,,( ,,/4      
,,an?ony4              #j #ae  ,,little 
,,manual ,,( ,,/4 ,,joseph4 ,,l+s4      
#j #ae  ,,little ,,manual ,,( ,,/4      
,,rita4 ,,mcgra?4 ,clo?1 #j4ej2 ,lea!r1 
#j #he  ,,little ,,mass ,,book1 ,,lyn*4 
,pap]1                                  
#j #je  ,,little ,,mon? ,,( ,,may4      

#j #ce  ,,little ,,mon? ,,( ,,! ,,s\ls  
,,9 ,,purgatory4              #j #ce    
,,little ,,(fice ,,( ,,! ,,bless$       
,,virg9 ,,m>y4 ,edition 9 ,lat9 &       
,engli%4              ,clo?1 net1 #j4ge 
& 9 f9] b9d+s up to net1 #a4ej4         
,edition 9 ,lat9 only1 ,clo?1 net1 #j4fj
 & 9 f9]              b9d+s up to       
net1 #a #ej  ,,little ,,(fice ,,( ,,!   
,,immaculate ,,conception4 ,pap]1       
#j #je  ,,little ,,pictorial ,,lives ,,(
 ,,! ,,sa9ts4              #a #be       
,,lives ,,( ,,! ,,sa9ts4 ,,butl]4       
#j #ej  ,,l\rdes4 ,,cl>ke1 ,s4,j4       
#j #ej  ,,manual ,,( ,,self-,,k ,,&     
,,*ri/ian ,,p]fection1 ,a4 ,,h5ry1      
,c4,,ss4,r4              #j #ej         
,,manual ,,( ,,!ology ,,= ,,! ,,laity4  
,,gei]mann4 ,c4,,ss4,r4 ,pap]1 #j4cj2   
,clo?1              #j #fj  ,,manual ,,(
 ,,! ,,holy ,,eu*>i/4 ,,lasance4        
#j #he  ,,manual ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,"n4   
#j #ej  ,,manual ,,( ,,! ,,sacr$ ,,he>t4
              #j #ce  ,,m>y ,,help ,,(  
,,*ri/ians4  ,,hamm]1 ,o4,f4,m4         

#b #jj  ,,m>y ,,! ,,que54 ,,religi\s ,h4
 ,c4 ,j4                                
#j #ce  ,,mass ,,& ,,ve/m5ts ,,( ,,!    
,,ca?olic ,,*ur*4 ,,wal%4               
net1 #a #ge  ,,mass ,,devotions ,,&     
,,read+s ,,on ,,! ,,mass4 ,,lasance4    
#j #he  ,,mass-,,s]v]',s ,,c>d4 ,p] doz4
              #j #ce  ,,means ,,(       
,,grace4 ,,br5nan4                      
#c #jj  ,,m$itations ,,= ,,all ,,!      
,,days ,,( ,,! ,,ye>4 ,,hamon1 ,s4,s4 #e
 vols4              net1 #e #jj         
,,m$itations ,,= ,,e ,,day ,,9 ,,!      
,,ye>4 ,,baxt]4        net1 #a #ej      
,,m$itations ,,= ,,e ,,day ,,9 ,,!      
,,ye>4 ,,v]cruysse1 ,s4,j4 #b vols4     
net1 #c #ej  ,,m$itations ,,= ,,e ,,day 
,,9 ,,! ,,mon?4 ,,nepveu-,,ryan4        
#j #ej  ,,m$itations ,,on ,,! ,,la/     
,,words ,,f ,,! ,,cross4 ,,p]raud4      
net1 #j #ej  ,,m$itations ,,on ,,!      
,,life1 ,,! ,,tea*+1 ,,& ,,! ,,passion  
,,( ,,jesus ,,*ri/4                     
,,ilg-,,cl>ke4 #b vols4  net1 #c #ej    
,,m$itations ,,on ,,! ,,my/]ies ,,(     

,,our ,,holy ,,fai?4 ,,b>raud1 ,s4,j4 #b
 vols4              net1 #c #jj         
,,m$itations ,,on ,,! ,,passion ,,(     
,,our ,,"l4              #j #ej         
,,m$itations  ,,on  ,,!  ,,suff]+s  ,,( 
,,jesus ,,*ri/4 ,,p]9aldo4              
#j #ej  ,,middle ,,ages4 ,,%ahan4       
net1 #b #jj  ,,miscellane\s ,,writ+s ,,(
 ,,/4 ,,alphonsus ,,liguori4            
net1 #a #ej  ,,missal ,,expla9$1 ,,!4   
,,fleury1 ,s4,j4                   net1 
#a #he  ,,mission ,,book ,,= ,,!        
,,m>ri$4 ,,gir>dey4 ,c4,,ss4,r4         
#j #ej  ,,mission ,,book ,,= ,,! ,,s+le4
 ,,gir>dey1 ,c4,,ss4,r4                 
#j #ej  ,,mom5ts ,,be=e ,,! ,,tab]nacle4
 ,,russell1 ,s4,j4          net1 #j #ej 
,,moral ,,pr9ciples ,,& ,,m$ical        
,,practice4 ,,copp5s1 ,s4,j4 #abmo4     
net1 #a #jj  ,,morality ,,( ,,mod]n     
,,socialism4 ,,m+1 ,s4,j4               
net1 #a #ej  ,,m ,,%ort ,,spiritual     
,,read+s ,,= ,,m>y',s ,,*ildr54 ,,madame
 ,,cecilia4              #j #ej  ,,my   
,,pray]-,,book4 ,,lasance4 ,imitation   

lea!r1 #a4be2 ,india pap]1 #b4jj4 ,)    
,epi/les & ,gospels1 ,india pap]1       
#b #be  ,,names ,,t ,,live ,,9 ,,ca?olic
 ,,he>ts4 ,,sadli]4                     
#j #ej  ,,n>r[ ,,way4 ,,gei]mann1       
,c4,,ss4,r4                             
#j #fj  ,,new ,,manual ,,( ,,/4         
,,an?ony4              #j #ej  ,,new    
,,missal ,,= ,,e ,,day4 ,,lasance4      
,imitation lea!r1             #a #ej    
,gold edges1 #a4ge1 & 9 f9] b9d+s4      
,,new ,,te/am5t4 ,clo?1 #j4ej2 ,am]ican 
,seal1 net1 #a4ej4 ,pla9 ,edition1      
net1 #j4bj2 & 9 f9] b9d+s up to net1    
#j4fj4 ,pla9              ,edition1     
,illu/rat$1 net1 #j4fj4  ,illu/rat$     
,edition4 ,india              pap]1 ,am4
 ,seal1 net1 #j4ge1 & 9 f9] b9d+s up to 
net1 #a #fj  ,,(fice ,,( ,,holy ,,week4 
net1 #j #bj  ,,our ,,favorite           
,,devotions4 ,,l+s4                     
#j #ge  ,,our ,,favorite ,,nov5as4      
,,l+s4                                  
#j #ge  ,,outl9es ,,( ,,dogmatic        
,,!ology4 ,,hunt]4  #c vols4       net1 

#d #ej  ,,outl9es ,,( ,,jewi% ,,hi/ory1 
f ,abraham to ,our ,"l4 ,,gigot4 #h vo4 
net1 #a #ge  ,,outl9es ,,( ,,new        
,,te/am5t ,,hi/ory4 ,,gigot4            
net1 #a #ge  ,,p>adise ,,on ,,e>? ,,op5$
 ,,to ,,all4 ,,natale1 ,s4,j4           
net1 #j #ej  ,,passion ,,& ,,! ,,dea?   
,,( ,,jesus ,,*ri/4  ,,/4 ,,alphonsus   
,,liguori4              net1 #a #ej     
,,pa/oral ,,lett]s4 ,,mcfaul4           
net1 #a #ej  ,,patron ,,sa9ts ,,=       
,,ca?olic ,,y\?4 ,mannix4 ,ea* vol4     
#j #fj  ,,pe>ls ,,f ,,fab]4 ,,brun[e4   
#j #ce  ,,pictorial ,,lives ,,( ,,!     
,,sa9ts4              #c #jj            
,,policem5',s ,,& ,,firem5',s           
,,companion4  ,,mcgra?4 ,clo?1 #j4be2   
,am]ican ,seal1              #j #ej     
,,political ,,& ,,moral ,,essays4       
,,rickaby1 ,s4,j4             net1 #a   
#ge  ,,popul> ,,life ,,( ,,/4 ,,t]esa4  
,,port]4                                
#j #ej  ,,pray]-,,book ,,= ,,religi\s4  
,,lasance4 ,clo?1  net1 #a4ej2 ,am]ican 
,seal1              net1 #b #ej         

,,prea*+4 ,,/4 ,,alphonsus ,,liguori4   
net1 #a #ej  ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,dea?4   
,,/4 ,,alphonsus ,,liguori4         net1
 #a #ej  ,,pr9ciples1 ,,orig91 ,,&      
,,e/abli%m5t ,,( ,,! ,,ca?olic ,,s*ool  
,,sy/em4              ,,burns4          
net1 #a #ge  ,,private ,,retreat ,,=    
,,religi\s4 ,,gei]mann1 ,c4,,ss4,r4     
net1 #a #ej  ,,que5',s ,,fe/ivals1 ,,!4 
,,religi\s ,h4 ,c4 ,j4                  
#j #ce  ,,rambles ,,9 ,,ca?olic ,,l&s4  
,,b>rett1 ,o4,s4,b4            net1 #b  
#jj  ,,reasonabl5ess ,,( ,,ca?olic      
,,c]emonies ,,& ,,practices4 ,,burke4   
,pap]1 #j4ae2              ,clo?1       
#j #ce  ,,religi\s ,,/ate4 ,,/4         
,,alphonsus ,,liguori4                  
net1 #j #ej  ,,roma4 ,pagan1            
,subt]ranean1 & ,mod]n ,rome 9 ,^w &    
,picture4 ,,kuhn4              ,clo?1   
net1 #aj4jj2 ,full r$ morocco1 net1 #af 
#jj  ,,roman ,,curia ,,z ,,x ,,n[       
,,exi/s4 ,,m>t91 ,s4,j4                 
net1 #a #ej  ,,roman ,,missal4 ,emboss$ 
clo?1 & 9 f9] b9d+s1       net1 #a #he  

,,ros>y1 ,,! ,,cr[n ,,( ,,m>y4          
,,dom9ican ,,fa!r4              ,pap]1  
#j #aj  ,,rules ,,( ,,life ,,= ,,!      
,,pa/or ,,( ,,s\ls4 ,,slat]-,,rau*4     
net1 #a #jj  ,,sacram5tals ,,( ,,!      
,,*ur*4 ,,lamb+4 ,pap]1 #j4be2 ,clo?1   
#j #ej  ,,sacr$ ,,he>t ,,book4          
,,lasance4 ,im4 lea!r1 #j4he2 ,am4      
,seal1  #a #be  ,,sacr$ ,,he>t ,,/udi$  
,,9 ,,! ,,sacr$ ,,scriptures4 ,,sa9tra91
 ,c4,,ss4,r4              #j #ej        
,,sacrifice ,,( ,,! ,,mass ,,wor?ily    
,,celebrat$4 ,,*aignon-,,goesbri&4      
net1 #a #ge  ,,/4 ,,an?ony4 ,,kell]4    
net1 #j #ge  ,,/4 ,,an?ony4 ,,w>d4      
#j #ej  ,,sa9t ,,francis ,,( ,,assisi4  
,,dubois1 ,s4,m4                        
#j #ej  ,,sa9ts ,,& ,,places4 ,,aysc\gh4
                               net1 #a  
#ej  ,,sanctu>y ,,boys' ,,illu/rat$     
,,manual4 ,,mccall54              net1  
#j #ej  ,,scapul> ,,m$al4 ,,gei]mann1   
,c4,,ss4,r4 ,pap]1                      
#j #je  ,,secret ,,( ,,sanctity4        
,,mcmahon4                              

#j #ej  ,,s]aphic ,,guide4              
#j #fj  ,,%ort ,,conf]5ces ,,on ,,!     
,,sacr$ ,,he>t4 ,,br9kmey]4             
#j #ej  ,,%ort ,,c\rse ,,9 ,,ca?olic    
,,doctr9e4 ,pap]1                       
#j #aj  ,,%ort ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,moral     
,,!ology4 ,,slat]4                      
net1 #j #ej  ,,%ort ,,lives ,,( ,,!     
,,sa9ts4 ,,donnelly4                    
#j #fj  ,,%ort ,,m$itations ,,= ,,e     
,,day4 ,,lasausse4                      
#j #ej  ,,%ort ,,/ories ,,on ,,*ri/ian  
,,doctr9e4 ,,mcmahon4              net1 
#a #jj  ,,%ort ,,visits ,,to ,,!        
,,bless$ ,,sacram5t4 ,,lasance4 ,clo?1  
#j #ae  ,,socialism ,,& ,,*ri/ianity4   
,,/ang4                         net1 #a 
#jj  ,,socialism3 ,,its ,,!oretical     
,,basis ,,& ,,practical ,,application4  
,,ca?re9-,,gettelmann4                  
net1 #a #ej  ,,sodali/',s ,,vade        
,,mecum4                                
#j #dj  ,,soldi]s' ,,& ,,sailors'       
,,companion4 ,,mcgra?4 ,clo?1 #j4be2    
,am]ican ,seal1              #j #ej     

,,special ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,/udy
 ,,( ,,! ,,old ,,te/am5t4 ,,gigot4 ,"p  
,i1              net1 #a4ge2 ,"p ,,ii1  
net1 #b #be  ,,spirago',s ,,me?od ,,(   
,,*ri/ian ,,doctr9e4 ,,messm]4          
net1 #a #ej  ,,_s ,,( ,,sacrifice1 ,,!1 
,,& ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,sacrifice ,,9 ,,!  
,,religi\s              ,,/ate4         
,,giraud-,,?ur/on4               net1 #b
 #jj  ,,spiritual ,,consid]ations4      
,,buckl]1 ,o4,p4                        
#j #ej  ,,spiritual ,,despond5cy ,,&    
,,temptations4 ,,mi*el-,,g>es*4    net1 
#a #be  ,,spiritual ,,ex]cises ,,= ,a   
,,t5 ,,days' ,,retreat4 ,,smetana1      
,c4,,ss4,r4              net1 #j #ge    
,,spiritual ,,pepp] ,,& ,,salt4 ,,/ang4 
,pap]1 #j4cj2 ,clo?1             #j #fj 
,,spoil+ ,,! ,,div9e ,,fea/4 ,,zulueta1 
,s4,j4 ,pap]1                   #j #jg  
,,/ories ,,= ,,fir/ ,,communicants4     
,,kell]4                    net1 #j #ej 
,,/ory ,,( ,,jesus ,,simply ,,told ,,=  
,,! ,,"y4 ,,mulholl&4             #j #fj
  ,,/ory ,,( ,,! ,,acts ,,( ,,!         

,,apo/les4 ,,lyn*1 ,s4,j4               
net1 #a #ge  ,,/ory ,,( ,,! ,,div9e     
,,*ild4 ,,l+s4                          
#j #ce  ,,/ory ,,( ,,! ,,fri5ds ,,(     
,,jesus4 ,,religi\s ,h4 ,c4 ,j4         
#j #ce  ,,/ories ,,( ,,! ,,miracles ,,( 
,,our ,,"l4                             
#j #ce  ,,sunday ,,missal1 ,,!4         
,,lasance4 ,imitation lea!r1 #j4ge2     
,am]ican seal4              #a #be      
,,sunday-,,s*ool ,,director',s ,,guide4 
,,sloan4                     net1 #j #ge
  ,,sunday-,,s*ool ,,tea*]',s ,,guide4  
,,sloan4                             #j 
#ej  ,,sure ,,way ,,to ,a ,,happy       
,,m>riage4 ,,taylor4                    
#j #ej  ,,talks ,,) ,,! ,,little ,,ones 
,,ab\t ,,! ,,apo/les' ,,cre$4 ,,religi\s
 ,h4 ,c4 ,j4              #j #ce        
,,?\ghts ,,& ,,affections ,,on ,,!      
,,passion ,,( ,,jesus ,,*ri/ ,,= ,,e    
,,day ,,(              ,,! ,,ye>4       
,,b]gamo1 ,o4,m4,cap4              net1 
#b #jj  ,,?\ghts ,,& ,,c\nsels ,,= ,,!  
,,consid]ation ,,( ,,ca?olic ,,"y ,,m54 

,,doss-,,wir?4                     net1 
#a #be  ,,?\ghts ,,on ,,! ,,religi\s    
,,life4 ,,lasance4                      
net1 #a #ej  ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,*ildr5 ,,&   
,,( ,,girls ,,9 ,,_! ,,te5s4 ,,madame   
,,cecilia4 ,pap]1              #j4be2   
,clo?1                    #j #fj  ,,true
 ,,polit5ess4 ,,demore4                 
net1 #j #ge  ,,true ,,sp\se ,,( ,,*ri/4 
,,/4 ,,alphonsus ,,liguori4 #a vol4     
edition1 #j4ej2 #b vol4                 
edition1                         net1 #c
 #jj  ,,two ,,spiritual ,,retreats ,,=  
,,si/]s4 ,,zolln]-,,wir?4         net1  
#a #jj  ,,v5]ation ,,( ,,! ,,bless$     
,,virg94 ,,rohn]-,,br5nan4              
#j #ej  ,,victories ,,( ,,! ,,m>tyrs4   
,,/4 ,,alphonsus ,,liguori4             
net1 #a #ej  ,,vigil ,,h\r4 ,,ryan1     
,s4,j4 ,pap]1                           
#j #aj  ,,visits ,,to ,,jesus ,,9 ,,!   
,,tab]nacle4 ,,lasance4                 
#a #be  ,,visits ,,to ,,! ,,mo/ ,,holy  
,,sacram5t4 ,,/4 ,,alphonsus ,,liguori4 
#j #ce  ,,vocation4 ,,van               

,,tri*t-,,conniff4 ,pap]1               
#j #jg  ,,vocations ,,expla9$4  ,clo?1  
#j #aj  ,,way ,,( ,,int]ior ,,peace4    
,,de ,,leh51 ,s4,j4                     
net1 #a #ej  ,,way ,,( ,,salvation ,,&  
,,( ,,p]fection4 ,,/4 ,,alphonsus       
,,liguori4              net1 #a #ej     
,,way ,,( ,,! ,,cross4 ,illu/rat$4      
,pap]1                             #j   
#je  ,,way ,,( ,,! ,,cross1 ,,!4        
,l>ge-type edition4 ,me?od ( ,,/4       
,,alphonsus              ,,liguori4     
,illu/rat$4                           #j
 #ae  ,,way ,,( ,,! ,,cross4 ,illu/rat$4
 ,eu*>i/ic me?od4                #j #ae 
,,way ,,( ,,! ,,cross4 ,by a ,jesuit    
,fa!r4 ,illu/rat$4                #j #ae
  ,,way ,,( ,,! ,,cross4 ,,/4 ,,francis 
,,( ,,assisi4 ,illu/rat$4             #j
 #ae  ,,way ,,( ,,! ,,cross4 ,illu/rat$4
 ,,/4 ,,alphonsus ,,liguori4            
#j #ae  ,,:at ,,ca?olics ,,h ,,done ,,= 
,,sci5ce4 ,,br5nan4             net1 #a 
#be  ,,:at ,,! ,,*ur* ,,tea*es4 ,,drury4
 ,pap]1 #j4cj2 ,clo?1               #j  

#fj  ,,:at ,,times6 ,,:at ,,morals6     
,,semple1 ,s4,j4 ,pap]1 #j4bj2 ,clo?1   
#j #ej  ,,) ,,*ri/1 ,,my ,,fri5d4       
,,sloan4                                
net1 #j #ge  ,,) ,,god4 ,,lasance4      
,imitation lea!r1 #a4be2 ,am]ican ,seal1
        #b #jj  ,,wom5 ,,( ,,ca?olicity4
 ,,sadli]4                              
#j #ej  ,,"y ,,man',s ,,guide4          
,,lasance4 ,imitation lea!r4            
#j #ge    ,,novels4    ,,aga?a',s ,,h>d 
,,say+4 ,,mulholl&4                     
#a #jj  ,,back ,,to ,,! ,,_w4 ,,*ampol4 
net1 #a #ce  ,,ballads ,,( ,,*ildhood4  
7,poems47  ,,e>ls1 ,s4,j4               
net1 #a #jj  ,,black ,,bro!rhood1 ,,!4  
,,g>rold1 ,s4,j4                        
net1 #a #ce  ,,bond ,,& ,,free4         
,,connor4                               
#j #ej  8,,b ,,?y ,,love ,,& ,,?y       
,,grace40 ,,f9n1 ,s4,j4                 
#a #jj  ,,by ,,! ,,blue ,,riv]4 ,,cl>ke4
                                 net1 #a
 #ce  ,,c>roll ,,d>e4 ,,waggaman4       
#a #be  ,,cattle ,,trail ,,( ,,!        

,,prairies4                             
#j #ej  ,,circus-,,rid]',s ,,daught]4   
,,brackel4                              
#j #ej  ,,climb+ ,,! ,,alps4            
#j #ej  ,,connor ,d',,arcy',s           
,,/ruggles4 ,,b]?olds4                  
#j #ej  ,,cor9ne',s ,,v[4 ,,waggaman4   
#a #be  ,,daught] ,,( ,,k+s4 ,a4        
,,h9kson4                               
#a #be  ,,dion ,,& ,,! ,,sibyls4 ,,keon4
                                    #j  
#ej  ,,d\ble ,,knot1 ,a4 ,,& ,,o!r      
,,/ories4                               
#j #ej  ,,eld] ,,miss ,,a9sbor\gh4      
,,tagg>t4                               
#a #be  ,,esquimaux1 ,,!4               
#j #ej  ,,fabiola4 ,,wiseman4           
#j #ej  ,,fabiola',s ,,si/]s4 ,,cl>ke4  
#j #ej  ,,fatal ,,beacon1 ,,!4          
,,brackel4                              
#a #be  ,,fau/ula4 ,,aysc\gh4           
net1 #a #ce  ,,f9e ,,clay4 ,,cl>ke4     
net1 #a #ce  ,,fl[]s ,,( ,,! ,,cloi/]4  
7,poems47 ,,la ,,motte4                 
#a #be  ,,=give ,,& ,,=get4 ,,l+54      

#j #ej  ,,fri5dly ,,little ,,h\se1 ,,!1 
,,& ,,o!r ,,/ories4                     
#j #ej  ,,furs ,,& ,,fur ,,hunt]s4      
#j #ej  ,,grapes ,,( ,,?orns4           
,,waggaman4                             
net1 #a #be  ,,h&l+ ,,mail ,,=          
,,millions4                             
#j #ej  ,,he>t ,,( ,a ,,man1 ,,!4       
,,mah]4                                 
net1 #a #ce  ,,he>ts ,,( ,,gold4        
,,edhor4                                
#a #be  ,,heiress ,,( ,,cron5/e94       
,,hahn-,,hahn4                          
#j #ej  ,,h] ,,bl9d ,,folly4 ,,holt4    
#a #be  ,,h] ,,fa!r',s ,,daught]4       
,,h9kson4                               
#a #be  ,,h] ,,fa!r',s ,,%>e4 ,,p[]4    
net1 #a #be  ,,h] ,,j\rney',s ,,end4    
,,cooke4                                
#j #ej  ,,idols3 ,,or ,,! ,,secret ,,(  
,,! ,,rue ,,*aussee ,d',,ant94 ,,nav]y4 
#j #ej  ,,9 ,,god',s ,,good ,,"t4       
,,ross4                                 
#j #ej  ,,9 ,,! ,,days ,,( ,,k+ ,,hal4  
,,tagg>t4                               

#a #be  ,,ivy ,,h$ge1 ,,!4 ,,egan4      
net1 #a #ce  ,,k9d ,,he>ts ,,&          
,,coronets4 ,,h>rison4                  
#a #be  ,,lady ,,( ,,! ,,t[]1 ,,!1 ,,&  
,,o!r ,,/ories4                         
#j #ej  ,,life ,,und]gr\nd4             
#j #ej  ,,light ,,( ,,8 ,,c\nt5ance4    
,,h>te4                                 
#j #ej  8,,l ,,unto ,a ,,m]*ant40       
,,gray4                                 
net1 #a #ce  ,,l9k$ ,,lives4 ,,d\glas4  
net1 #a #ce  ,,little ,,c>d9al1 ,,!4    
,,p>r4                                  
#a #be  ,,m>cella ,,grace4  ,,mulholl&4 
#j #ej  ,,m>iae ,,corolla4 7,poems47    
,,hill4 ,c4,p4                          
#a #be  ,,m>ie ,,( ,,! ,,h\se           
,d',,ant]s4 ,,e>ls4 ,s4,j4              
net1 #a #ce  ,,mel*ior ,,( ,,bo/on4     
,,e>ls4 ,s4,j4                          
#a #jj  ,,mighty ,,fri5d1 ,,!4          
,l',,ermite4                            
net1 #a #ce  ,,mirror ,,( ,,%alott4     
,,b5son4                                
net1 #a #ce  ,,miss ,,er91 ,,francis4   

#j #ej  ,,monk',s ,,p>don1 ,,!4 ,,nav]y4
                                        
#j #ej  ,,mr4 ,,billy ,,buttons4        
,,lecky4                                
#a #be  ,,my ,,lady ,,beatrice4 ,,cooke4
                                        
#j #ej  ,,n ,a ,,judgm5t4 ,,keon4       
#a #be  ,,on ,,patrol ,,) ,a ,,b\nd>y   
,,rid]4                                 
#j #ej  ,,only ,,anne4 ,,cl>ke4         
net1 #a #ce  ,,o!r ,,miss ,,lisle1 ,,!4 
,,m>t94                                 
#j #ej  ,,out ,,( ,,bondage4 ,,holt4    
#a #be  ,,outlaw ,,( ,,cam>gue4 ,,lamo!4
                                      #j
 #ej  ,,pass+ ,,%ad[s4 ,,yorke4         
#a #be  ,,pat4 ,,h9kson4                
net1 #a #ce  ,,p]e ,,monni]',s ,,w>d4   
,,lecky4                                
#a #be  ,,pilk+ton ,,heir1 ,,!4         
,,sadli]4                               
#a #be  ,,prison]s' ,,ye>s4 ,,cl>ke4    
net1 #a #ce  ,,prodigal',s ,,daught]1   
,,!4 ,,bugg4                            
#a #jj  ,,prophet',s ,,wife1 ,,!4       

,,br[ne4                                
#a #be  ,,r$ ,,inn ,,( ,,/4 ,,lyph>4    
,,sadli]4                               
#a #be  ,,re/ ,,h\se1 ,,!4 ,,cl>ke4     
net1 #a #ce  ,,road ,,beyond ,,! ,,t[n1 
,,& ,,o!r ,,poems4 ,,e>ls4              
#a #be  ,,rose ,,( ,,! ,,_w4 ,,m>t94    
#j #ej  ,,r\nd ,,table ,,( ,,am]ican    
,,ca?olic ,,noveli/s4                   
#j #ej  ,,r\nd ,,table ,,( ,,fr5*       
,,ca?olic ,,noveli/s4                   
#j #ej  ,,r\nd ,,table ,,( ,,g]man      
,,ca?olic ,,noveli/s4                   
#j #ej  ,,r\nd ,,table ,,( ,,iri% ,,&   
,,engli% ,,ca?olic ,,noveli/s4          
#j #ej  ,,rul] ,,( ,,! ,,k+dom1 ,,!4    
,,keon4                                 
#a #be  ,,secret ,,citadel1 ,,!4        
,,cl>ke4                                
net1 #a #ce  ,,secret ,,( ,,! ,,gre5    
,,vase1 ,,cooke4     #j #ej  ,,s5ior    
,,lieut5ant',s ,,wag]1 ,,!1 ,,& ,,o!r   
,,/ories4              #j #ej  ,,%ad[   
,,( ,,ev]sleigh1 ,,!4 ,,lansd[ne4       
#j #ej  ,,%ield ,,( ,,sil5ce1 ,,!4      

,,h5ry-,,ruff94                         
net1 #a #ce  ,,s ,,z ,,by ,,fire4       
,,connor4                            #j 
#ej  ,,sogg>? ,,aroon1 ,,!4 ,,gu9an4    
#a #be  ,,son ,,( ,,siro1 ,,copus4      
,s4,j4                                  
net1 #a #ce  ,,/ory ,,( ,,cecilia4      
,,h9kson4                               
net1 #a #ce  ,,/reet ,,sc5es ,,9        
,,diff]5t ,,l&s4                        
#j #ej  ,,/uore4 7,/ories47 ,,e>ls4     
,s4,j4                                  
#a #jj  ,,tempe/ ,,( ,,! ,,he>t1 ,,!4   
,,gray4                                 
#j #ej  ,,te/ ,,( ,,c\rage1 ,,!4 ,,ross4
                                        
#j #ej  ,,t ,,man',s ,,daught]4 ,,ross4 
#a #be  ,,_! ,,*oice4  ,,sk9n]4         
#j #ej  ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,des]t4            
,,si5kiewicz4                           
net1 #a #ce  ,,trail ,,( ,,! ,,dragon1  
,,!1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,/ories4                
#j #ej  ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,silas4 ,,dev9e4   
#a  ,,true ,,/ory ,,( ,,ma/] ,,g]>d4    
,,sadli]4                             #a

 #be  ,,turn ,,( ,,! ,,tide4 ,,gray4    
#j #ej  ,,unbidd5 ,,gue/1 ,,!4 ,,cooke4 
#j #ej  ,,"u ,,! ,,c$>s ,,& ,,! ,,/>s4  
,,%eehan4                   net1 #a #ej 
,,unravell+ ,,( ,a ,,tangle4 ,,tagg>t4  
#a #be  ,,up ,,9 ,,ardmuirl&4 ,,b>rett4 
,o4,s4,b4                         net1  
#a #be  ,,vocation ,,( ,,edw>d ,,conway4
 ,,egan4                                
#a #be  ,,w>grave ,,tru/1 ,,!4 ,,reid4  
#a #be  ,,way ,,t ,,l$ ,,beyond1 ,,!4   
,,h>rison4                              
#a #be  ,,w$d+ ,,bells ,,( ,,gl5dal\gh4 
,,e>ls4 ,s4,j4                  net1 #a 
#ce  ,,we/ ,,& ,,! ,,great ,,petrifi$   
,,=e/1 ,,!4                         #j  
#ej  ,,:5 ,,love ,,is ,,/rong4 ,,keon4  
#a #be  ,,w9n+ ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,we/1 ,,!4
                                 #j #ej 
,,woman ,,( ,,=tune4 ,,reid4            
#a #be    ,,juv5iles    ,,adv5ture ,,)  
,,! ,,apa*es4 ,,f]ry4                   
#j #ce  ,,al!a4 ,,nirdl+]4              
#j #ej  ,,z ,,gold ,,9 ,,! ,,furnace4   
,,copus4                                

#a #jj  ,,z ,,true ,,z ,,gold4 ,,mannix4
                                        
#j #ce  ,,bell ,,f\ndry4  ,,s*a*+4      
#j #ce  ,,b]kleys1 ,,!4 ,,wight4        
#j #ce  ,,be/ ,,foot ,,=w>d1 ,,!4 ,,f9n4
                                     #a 
#jj  ,,betwe5 ,,fri5ds4 ,,aum]le4       
#j #ej  ,,bi/\ri4 ,,mel&ri4             
#j #ce  ,,blisslyvania ,,po/-,,(fice1   
,,!4 ,,tagg>t4                          
#j #ce  ,,bob ,o',,l9k4 ,,waggaman4     
#j #ce  ,,br[nie ,,& ,i4 ,,aum]le4      
#j #ej  ,,bunt ,,& ,,bill4 ,,mulholl&4  
#j #ce  ,,by ,,branscome ,,riv]4        
,,tagg>t4                               
#j #ce  ,,camp ,,by ,,copp] ,,riv]4     
,,spald+4                               
#a #jj  ,,capta9 ,,t$4 ,,waggaman4      
#j #ej  ,,cave ,,by ,,! ,,bea* ,,=k4    
,,spald+4                               
#a #jj  ,,*>lie ,,*ittywick4 ,,be>ne4   
#a #jj  ,,*ildr5 ,,( ,,cupa4 ,,mannix4  
#j #ce  ,,*ildr5 ,,( ,,! ,,log ,,cab94  
,,delam>e4                              
#j #ej  ,,cl>e ,,lora9e4 8,,lee40       

#j #ej  ,,claude ,,lightfoot4 ,,f9n4    
#a #jj  ,,college ,,boy1 ,a4 ,,yorke4   
#a #jj  ,,cupa ,,revisit$4 ,,mannix4    
#j #ce  ,,cupid ,,( ,,campion4 ,,f9n4   
#a #jj  ,,daddy ,,dan4 ,,waggaman4      
#j #ce  ,,de> ,,fri5ds4 ,,nirdl+]4      
#j #ej  ,,dimpl+',s ,,success4          
,,mulholl&4                             
#j #ce  ,,e!lr$ ,,pre/on4 ,,f9n4        
#a #jj  ,,e-,,day ,,girl1 ,,an4         
,,cr[ley4                               
#j #ce  ,,fairy ,,( ,,! ,,sn[s1 ,,!4    
,,f9n4                                  
#a #jj  ,,five ,,birds ,,9 ,a ,,ne/4    
,,delam>e4                              
#j #ej  ,,five ,o',,clock ,,/ories4     
#j #ge  ,,fl[] ,,( ,,! ,,flock1 ,,!4    
,,egan4                                 
#a #jj  ,,= ,,! ,,:ite ,,rose4 ,,h9kson4
                                      #j
 #ce  ,,fr$',s ,,little ,,daught]4      
,,smi?4                                 
#j #ce  ,,fr$dy ,,c>r',s ,,adv5tures4   
,,g>rold4                               
#j #ej  ,,fr$dy ,,c>r ,,& ,,8 ,,fri5ds4 

,,g>rold4                             #j
 #ej  ,,gold5 ,,lily1 ,,!4 ,,h9kson4    
#j #ce  ,,great ,,capta91 ,,!4 ,,h9kson4
                                      #j
 #ce  ,,guild ,,boys' ,,play ,,at       
,,rid+dale4 ,,be>ne4                    
#a #jj  ,,haldeman ,,*ildr51 ,,!4       
,,mannix4                               
#j #ce  ,,h>mony ,,flats4 ,,:itmire4    
#j #ej  ,,h>ry ,,dee4 ,,f9n4            
#a #jj  ,,h>ry ,,russell4 ,,copus4      
#a #jj  ,,heir ,,( ,,dreams1 ,,an4      
,o',,malley4                            
#j #ce  ,,8 ,,fir/ ,,& ,,la/            
,,appe>ance4 ,,f9n4                     
#a #jj  ,,ho/age ,,( ,,w>1 ,a4          
,,bone/eel4                             
#j #ce  ,,h[ ,,!y ,,work$ ,,_! ,,way4   
,,egan4                                 
#j #ej  ,,9 ,,que/ ,,( ,,adv5ture4      
,,mannix4                               
#j #ce  ,,9 ,,que/ ,,( ,,! ,,gold5      
,,*e/4 ,,b>ton4                         
#j #ej  ,,jack4 ,,religi\s4,h4 ,c4 ,j4  
#j #ce  ,,jack ,,hildre? ,,on ,,!       

,,nile4 ,,tagg>t4                       
#j #ej  ,,jack-,o'-,,lant]n4 ,,waggaman4
                                        
#j #ce  ,,juniors ,,( ,,/4 ,,b$e',s4    
,,bryson4                               
#j #ej  ,,juv5ile ,,r\nd ,,table  ,fir/ 
,s]ies1 ,second ,s]ies1 ,?ird ,s]ies4   
,ea*              #a #jj  ,,klondike    
,,picnic1 ,a4 ,,donnelly4               
#j #ej  ,,leg5ds ,,& ,,/ories ,,( ,,!   
,,holy ,,*ild ,,jesus4 ,,lutz4          
#j #ge  ,,little ,,apo/le ,,on          
,,crut*es4 ,,delam>e4                   
#j #ce  ,,little ,,girl ,,f ,,back      
,,ea/4 ,,rob]ts4                        
#j #ce  ,,little ,,lady ,,( ,,! ,,hall4 
,,ryeman4                               
#j #ce  ,,little ,,m>%alls ,,at ,,!     
,,lake4 ,,nixon-,,r\let4                
#j #ej  ,,little ,,missy4 ,,waggaman4   
#j #ce  ,,loyal ,,blue ,,& ,,royal      
,,sc>let4 ,,tagg>t4                     
#a #jj  ,,mad ,,knight1 ,,!4 ,,s*a*+4   
#j #ce  ,,madcap ,,set ,,at ,,/4        
,,anne',s4 ,,brun[e4                    

#j #ce  ,,mak+ ,,( ,,mortlake4 ,,copus4 
#a #jj  ,,m>ks ,,( ,,! ,,be> ,,claws4   
,,spald+4                               
#a #jj  ,,m>y ,,tracy',s ,,=tune4       
,,sadli]4                               
#j #ce  ,,melor ,,( ,,! ,,silv] ,,h&4   
,,be>ne4                                
#a #jj  ,,milly ,,avel+4 ,,smi?4        
#j #ej  ,,miralda4 ,,john/on4           
#j #ce  ,,m ,,five ,o',,clock ,,/ories4 
#j #ge  ,,mo/ly ,,boys4 ,,f9n4          
#a #jj  ,,my/]i\s ,,doorway4 ,,sadli]4  
#j #ce  ,,my/]y ,,( ,,clev]ly4 ,,b>ton4 
#j #ej  ,,my/]y ,,( ,,hornby ,,hall4    
,,sadli]4                               
#j #ej  ,,nan ,,nobody4 ,,waggaman4     
#j #ce  ,,n$ ,,ri$]4 ,,wehs4            
#j #ej  ,,new ,,boys ,,at ,,rid+dale4   
,,be>ne4                                
#a #jj  ,,new ,,s*ol> ,,at ,,/4         
,,anne',s4 ,,brun[e4                    
#j #ej  ,,old ,,*>lmont',s ,,se$-,,b$4  
,,smi?4                                 
#j #ce  ,,old ,,mill ,,on ,,! ,,)rose4  
,,spald+4                               

#a #jj  ,,on ,,! ,,old ,,camp+ ,,gr\nd4 
,,mannix4                               
#a #jj  ,,our ,,lady',s ,,lut5i/4       
,,be>ne4                                
#a #jj  ,,pan*o ,,& ,,pan*ita4 ,,mannix4
                                      #j
 #ce  ,,paul9e ,,ar*]4 ,,sadli]4        
#j #ce  ,,p]cy ,,wynn4 ,,f9n4           
#a #jj  ,,p]il ,,( ,,dionysio1 ,,!4     
,,mannix4                               
#j #ce  ,,petronilla1 ,,& ,,o!r         
,,/ories4 ,,donnelly4                   
#j #ej  ,,pickle ,,& ,,pepp]4 ,,dorsey4 
#a #jj  ,,pilgrim ,,f ,,irel&4 ,,c>not4 
#j #ce  ,,playwat] ,,plot1 ,,!4         
,,waggaman4                             
#j #ej  ,,polly ,,day',s ,,isl&4        
,,rob]ts4                               
#a #jj  ,,pov]9a4 ,,buck5ham4           
#j #ej  ,,que5',s ,,page1 ,,!4 ,,h9kson4
                                        
#j #ce  ,,que5',s ,,promise1 ,,!4       
,,waggaman4                             
#j #ej  ,,que/ ,,( ,,m>y ,,selwyn4      
,,clem5tia4                             

#a #jj  ,,race ,,= ,,copp] ,,isl&4      
,,spald+4                               
#a #jj  ,,recruit ,,tommy ,,coll9s4     
,,bone/eel4                             
#j #ce  ,,rid+dale ,,fl[] ,,%[4 ,,be>ne4
                                   #a   
#jj  ,,romance ,,( ,,! ,,silv] ,,%oon4  
,,be>ne4                              #a
 #jj  ,,/4 ,,cu?b]t',s4 ,,copus4        
#a #jj  ,,s&y ,,joe4 ,,waggaman4        
#a #jj  ,,sea-,,gull',s ,,rock4 ,,s&eau4
                                        
#j #ce  ,,sev5 ,,little ,,m>%alls4      
,,nixon-,,r\let4                        
#j #ce  ,,%ad[s ,,lift$4 ,,copus4       
#a #jj  ,,%e] ,,pluck4 ,,be>ne4         
#a #jj  ,,%]iff ,,( ,,! ,,bee* ,,=k4    
,,spald+4                               
#a #jj  ,,%ipmates4 ,,waggaman4         
#j #ej  ,,/rong-,,arm ,,( ,,avalon4     
,,waggaman4                             
#a #jj  ,,sug> ,,camp ,,& ,,aft]4       
,,spald+4                               
#a #jj  ,,summ] ,,at ,,woodville1 ,a4   
,,sadli]4                               

#j #ce  ,,tales ,,& ,,leg5ds ,,( ,,!    
,,middle ,,ages4 ,,capella4             
#j #ge  ,,talisman1 ,,!4 ,,sadli]4      
#j #ej  ,,tam+ ,,( ,,polly1 ,,!4        
,,dorsey4                               
#a #jj  ,,t ,,football ,,game4 ,,f9n4   
#a #jj  ,,t ,,(fice ,,boy4 ,,f9n4       
#a #jj  ,,?ree ,,little ,,girls1 ,,&    
,,especially ,,"o4 ,,tagg>t4            
#j #ce  ,,told ,,9 ,,! ,,twilight4      
,,salome4                               
#j #ej  ,,tom ,,losely3 ,,boy4 ,,copus4 
#a #jj  ,,tom ,,playfair4 ,,f9n4        
#a #jj  ,,tom',s ,,luck-,,pot4          
,,waggaman4                             
#j #ce  ,,tooralladdy4 ,by ,,julia ,c4  
,,wal%4                                 
#j #ce  ,,transplant+ ,,( ,,tessie4     
,,waggaman4                             
#j #ej  ,,treasure ,,( ,,nugget         
,,m\nta94  ,,tagg>t4                    
#j #ej  ,,two ,,little ,,girls4  ,,mack4
                                        
#j #ce  ,,uncle ,,frank',s ,,m>y4       
,,clem5tia4                             

#a #jj  ,,ups ,,& ,,d[ns ,,( ,,m>jorie4 
,,waggaman4                             
#j #ce  ,,viol9 ,,mak]1 ,,!4 ,adapt$ by 
,,s>a ,,tra9] ,,smi?4                 #j
 #ce  ,,wayw>d ,,w9ifr$4 ,,sadli]4      
#a #jj  ,,w9net\1 ,,! ,,apa*e ,,knight4 
,,tagg>t4                             #j
 #ej  ,,wit* ,,( ,,rid+dale4 ,,be>ne4   
#a #jj  ,,"y ,,color ,,gu>d4 ,,bone/eel4
                                     #j 
#ce              ,,footnotes          #a
 ,u4 ,s4 ,con/itution1 ,am5dm5ts1 art4  
i1 art4 xiv1 sec4 #a4        #b ,lives (
 ! ,popes1 ,montor1 vol4 i1 p4 #id2     
,life ( ,leo ,,xiii1        8,philipp9e 
,"q40        #c ,! ,sci5ce (            
,jurisprud5ce1 ,taylor1 p4 #ejf2        
,hi/orical        ,jurisprud5ce1 ,lee1  
p4 #cbh4        #d ,anci5t ,egypt1      
,rawl9son1 vol4 i1 p4 #cbc4        #e   
,hi/orical ,jurisprud5ce1 ,lee1 pp4 #ih1
 #afd1 #bgd2 ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1          
,l+>d1 vol4 i1 c4 vii2 ,! ,sci5ce (     
,jurisprud5ce1 ,taylor1 p4        #ejf4 
#f ,hi/orical ,jurisprud5ce1 ,lee1 p4   

#beg4        #g ,hi/orical              
,jurisprud5ce1 ,lee1 p4 #bga4        #h 
,! ,beg9n+s ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,%ahan1 #ij4 
#i ,elem5ts ( ,ecclesia/ical ,law1      
,smi?4       #aj ,hi/orical             
,jurisprud5ce1 ,lee1 p4 #chg2 ,ju/9ian1 
,s&>1 p4 #ba4       #aa ,! ,beg9n+s (   
,*ri/ianity1 ,%ahan4       #ab ,univ]sal
 ,*ur* ,hi/ory1 ,alzog4       #ac ,law  
,diction>y1 ,b\vi]1 8,b5efit ( ,cl]gy10 
8,canon ,law02        ,black/one1 vol4  
i1 p4 #dfj1 vol4 iii1 p4 #fa4       #ad 
,black/one1 vol4 i1 p4 #dfa4       #ae  
,ju/9ian1 ,s&>1 p4 #ba2 ,cyc1 vol4 viii1
 p4 #cff1 vol4 xiv1 p4 #abbh2           
,eq4 ,jurisprud5ce1 ,pom]oy1 vol4 i1 p4 
#a2 ,! ,sci5ce (        ,jurisprud5ce1  
,taylor1 p4 #bee et seq2 ,black/one1    
vol4 i1 pp4 #ah-bj1        #fc2 ,k5t1   
vol4 i1 p4 #aj2 ,engli% ,con/itution1   
,creasy4       #af ,black/one1 vol4 i1  
p4 #hb1 vol4 iv1 c4 #cc2 ,! ,sci5ce (   
,jurisprud5ce1 ,taylor1 p4 #ccg2        
,conflict ( ,laws1 ,:>ton1 sec4 #agb4   
#ag ,! ,am]ican ,cyclop$ia1 8,bologna40 

#ah ,! ,sci5ce ( ,jurisprud5ce1 ,taylor1
 p4 #bch4       #ai ,black/one1 vol4 i1 
pp4 #ah-bj1 #gi1 vol4 iv1 c4 #cc4       
#bj ,comm5t>ies1 ,k5t1 vol4 i1 c4 xi1   
pp4 #cdb1 #dgc1 #eae1 #ebe-edd1 vol4    
ii1 p4 #bg2 ,orig9 & ,nature ( !        
,con/itution & ,gov]nm5t (        ,u4   
,s41 ,u4 ,s4 ,sup4 ,ct4 ,reps41 #i ,l4  
,ed41 #hgc4       #ba ,comm5t>ies1 ,k5t1
 vol4 i1 p4 #dgb2 ,black/one1 vol4 i1 p4
 #ajg4       #bb ,comm5t>ies1 ,k5t1 vol4
 ii1 pp4 #ce-cg2 ,conflict ( ,laws1     
,:>ton        7#crd ed471 vol4 ii1 pp4  
#acbg-h4       #bc ,law ( ,frat]nities1 
,scanlan1 *4 xxiv2 ,conflict ( ,laws1   
,:>ton1        sec4 #aji2 ,baxt] v4     
,mc,donald1 #aee ,n4 ,y41 #hc2 #di ,n4  
,e41 #ffg2 ,morris        v4 ,d>t1 #fg  
,s4 ,c1 #cch2 #de ,s4 ,e41 #gec2 #ajj   
,am4 ,/4 ,r41 #gcd2 ,t]rett        v4   
,taylor1 #ac ,u4 ,s41 #dc2 #c ,l4 ,ed41 
#fej4       #bd ,weld v4 ,may1 #i ,cu%+1
 ,mass41 #aha4       #be ,m>t9 v4 ,/ate1
 #fe ,t5n41 #bcd4       #bf ,a ,manual (
 ,ca?olic ,!ology1 ,wilhelm & ,scannell1

 p4 xvii1 et        seq4       #bg ,a   
,ca?olic ,diction>y1 ,addis & ,arnold1  
8,dogma40       #bh ,9 re ,/4 ,l\is     
,in/4 ( ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce1 #bg ,mo4      
,app41 #fcc4       #bi ,hale v4 ,ev]ett1
 #ec ,n4 ,h41 #i4       #cj ,/ate v4    
,tru/ees1 #g ,ohio ,/41 #eh4       #ca  
,knisk]n v4 ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 #a ,s&=d1 ,n4
 ,y41 ,*4 #dci4       #cb ,/ate v4      
,hallock1 #af ,nev41 #cgc4       #cc    
,/eph5son v4 ,hanyon1 #g ,di/4 ,ct4     
,rep4 ,pa41 #ehe4       #cd ,/ate v4    
,bo>d1 #acd ,mo41 #bif2 #ce ,s4 ,w41    
#fag4       #ce ,synod v4 ,/ate1 #b ,s4 
,dak41 #cff2 #ej ,n4 ,w41 #fcb2 #ad ,l4 
,r4 ,a41 #dah4       #cf ,/ebb9s v4     
,j5n+s1 #aj ,pick41 ,mass41 #agb4       
#cg ,/ate v4 ,di/rict ,bo>d1 #gf ,wis41 
#agg2 #dd ,n4 ,w41 #ifg2 #bj ,am4 ,/4   
,rep41 #da2 #g ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #ccj4       
#ch ,hackett v4 ,brooksville1 #bg ,ky4  
,l41 #ajba2 #hg ,n4 ,w41 #gib2 #fi ,l4  
,r4 ,a41        #eib4       #ci ,/ate v4
 ,bo>d1 #acd ,mo41 #bif2 #ce ,s4 ,w41   
#fag2 #ef ,am4 ,/4 ,rep41 #ejc4         

#dj ,c\nty v4 ,indu/rial ,s*ool1 #abe   
,ill41 #edj2 #ah ,n4 ,e41 #ahc2 #a ,l4  
,r4        ,a41 #dcg2 #h ,am4 ,/4 ,rep41
 #chf4       #da 8,wis4 ,indu/rial      
,s*ool = ,girls10 ,wiscons9 ,blue ,book4
 ,session        ,laws ( ,wis41 #aijg1  
p4 #adaf 7index to ,acts74 ,wis4        
,indu/rial ,s*ool        = ,girls v4    
,cl>k ,co41 #ajc ,wis41 #fea2 #gi ,n4   
,w41 #dbb4       #db ,o',connor v4      
,h5drick1 #ahd ,n4 ,y41 #dba2 #gg ,n4   
,e41 #fab4       #dc ,hysong v4         
,gallitz51 #afd ,pa41 #fbi2 #cj ,at41   
#dhb2 #dd ,am4 ,/4 ,rep41        #fbc2  
#bf ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #bjc2 ,dorn] v4 ,s*ool 
,di/41 #aah ,n4 ,w41 #cec 7,nov4        
#bg1 #aijh74 ,a good rsum ( ! subject is
 giv5 9 a footnote 9        #aje ,am4   
,/4 ,r41 #aea4       #dd ,/af=d v4      
,/ate1 #de ,s41 #fgc4 ,a ,prote/ant     
,diction>y1 ,wright         ,neil1 &    
,web/]'s ,diction>y1 8,wor%ip40 ,a      
,ca?olic ,diction>y1        ,addis &    
,arnold1 8,latria40       #de ,gass's   
,app41 #gc ,pa41 #df2 #ac ,am4 ,rep41   

#gbf2 ,/ate v4 ,norris1 #ei ,n4         
,h41 #ecf4       #df ,/4 ,joseph's ,*ur*
 v4 ,assessors1 #ab ,r4 ,i41 #ai2 #cd   
,am4 ,r41 #eig2        ,g]ke v4         
,purcell1 #be ,ohio1 #bbi2 ,am4  ,eng4  
,ency4 ( ,l41 8,wor%ip40       #dg      
,ante1 #bh2 ,po/1 #cdf4       #dh       
,ca?olic ,cate*ism4       #di ,%]man v4 
,bak]1 #bj ,r4 ,i41 #ddf2 #dj ,at41 #aa2
 #dj ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #gag4       #ej ,web/]
 v4 ,surgh[1 #fi ,n4 ,h41 #chj2 #de     
,at41 #aci2 #dh ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #ajj4      
#ea ,coleman v4 ,o',le>y1 #aad ,ky41    
#chh2 #gj ,s4 ,w41 #ajfh4       #eb     
,mc,entee v4 ,bonacum1 #ff ,neb41 #fea2 
#ib ,n4 ,w41 #fcc4       #ec ,am]ican & 
,engli% ,encyclop$ia ( ,law1 8,p>i%on]40
       #ed ,ibid41 8,m9i/]02 #g ,cyc1   
#ahi1 8,cl]gy40       #ee ,ibid4        
#ef ,ibid4       #eg ,davies v4 ,beason1
 #acc ,u4 ,s41 #ccc2 #cc ,l4 ,ed41 #fcg4
       #eh ,simpson v4 ,welcome1 #gb    
,me41 #dif4       #ei ,bo>d v4 ,m9or1   
#bc ,ohio ,/41 #bej4       #fj ,baxt] v4
 ,langley1 #ch ,l4 ,j41 ,m4 ,c41 #a4    

#fa ,art4 vi4       #fb ,ex p>te ,g>l&1 
#d ,wallace1 #ccc2 #ah ,l4 ,ed41 #cff4  
#fc ,*ur* ( ,latt]-,day ,sa9ts v4 ,u4   
,s41 #acf ,u4 ,s41 #a2 #cd ,l4 ,ed41    
#dgh2        #adj ,u4 ,s41 #ffe2 #ce ,l4
 ,ed41 #eib4       #fd ,reynolds v4     
,unit$ ,/ates1 #h ,otto1 #ade2 #be ,l4  
,ed41 #bdd4       #fe ,*ur* (           
,latt]-,day ,sa9ts v4 ,u4 ,s41 #acf ,u4 
,s41 #a2 #cd ,l4 ,ed41 #dgh2        #adj
 ,u4 ,s41 #ffe2 #ce ,l4 ,ed41 #eib4     
#ff ,davis v4 ,beason1 #acc ,u4 ,s41    
#ccc2 #cc ,l4 ,ed41 #fcg4       #fg     
,f5elon v4 ,gir>d1 #b ,h[>d1 #abg2 #aa  
,l4 ,ed41 #bje4       #fh ,/ate v4      
,m>ble1 #gb ,ohio ,/41 #ba2 #gc ,n4 ,e41
 #ajfc2 ,/ate v4        ,*5[e?1 #afc    
,ind41 #id2 #ga ,n4 ,e41 #aig2 ,p v4    
,reetz1 #abg ,mi*1        #hg2 #hf ,n4  
,w41 #cif2 #ei ,c54 ,l4 ,j41 #bjb2 #fh  
,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #dcb4       #fi ,?axt] v4  
,jones1 #d ,mass41 #egj4       #gj ,hale
 v4 ,ev]ett1 #ec ,n4 ,h41 #i4       #ga 
,f$]al & ,/ate ,con/itutions1 ,/imson4  
#gb ,brad=d v4 ,rob]ts1 #age ,u4 ,s41   

#bia2 #dd ,l4 ,ed41 #afh2 #bj ,sup4 ,ct4
 ,r41        #aba2 ,municipality (      
,ponce v4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,apo/olic  
,*ur*1        #bh ,sup4 ,ct4 ,r41 #gcg  
7#aijh74       #gc ,t]rett v4 ,taylor1  
#i ,cran*1 #dc2 #c ,l4 ,ed41 #fej2      
,municipality1 etc41        v4 ,*ur*1   
#bh ,sup4 ,ct4 ,r41 #gcg4       #gd     
,mill>d v4 ,bo>d1 #ai ,ill41 #dh2 ,dorn]
 v4 ,di/41 #aah ,n4 ,w41 #cec4       #ge
 ,a%by v4 ,well+ton1 #be ,mass41 #ebd4  
#gf ,f$]al & ,/ate ,con/itutions1       
,/imson1 p4 #aci2 ,hale v4 ,ev]ett1     
#ec ,n4 ,h41 #i4       #gg ,/ate v4     
,tru/ees1 #aa ,ohio1 #bd4       #gh     
,fir/ v4 ,lea*1 #ce ,vt41 #ajh4         
#gi ,f$]al & ,/ate ,con/itutions1       
,/imson1 p4 #aci4       #hj ,/ate v4    
,di/rict1 #gf ,wis41 #agg2 #dd ,n4 ,w41 
#ifg2 #bj ,am4 ,/4 ,r41 #da2 #g         
,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #ccj4       #ha ,*ur* v4   
,bullock1 #ajj ,s4 ,w4 7,tex471 #ajbe2  
,mill>d v4 ,bo>d1 #aba        ,ill41    
#big2 #aj ,n4 ,e41 #ffi2 ,hackett v4    
,brooksville1 #bg ,ky4 ,l41 #ajba2      

#hg ,s4 ,w41 #gib2 #fi ,l4 ,r4 ,a41     
#eib2 #fa ,c4 ,l4 ,j41 #di4       #hb   
,*ur* v4 ,bullock1 #ajj ,s4 ,w41 #ajbe4 
#hc ,moore v4 ,monroe1 #fd ,ia41 #cfg2  
#bj ,n4 ,w41 #dge2 #ff ,l4 ,r4 ,a41     
#aff2 #eb        ,am4 ,r41 #ddd2        
,pfeiff] v4 ,bo>d1 #aah ,mi*41 #efj2 #gg
 ,n4 ,w41 #bej2 #db ,l4        ,r4 ,a41 
#ecf4       #hd ,hysong v4 ,gallitz9    
,bor\gh ,s*ool1 #afd ,pa4 ,/41 #fbi2 #cj
 ,at41 #dhb2        #bf ,l4 ,r4 ,a41    
#bjc2 ,dorn] v4 ,s*ool ,di/rict1 #aah   
,n4 ,w41 ,wis41 #cec        7,nov4 #bg1 
#aijh74       #he ,o',connor v4         
,h5dricks1 #if ,n4 ,y4 ,s41 #afa4       
#hf ,*4 #gbc1 ,l4 #ahie4       #hg ,we/ 
v4 ,otteson1 #hj ,wis41 #fb2 #di ,n4    
,w41 #bd2 ,f]r>ia v4                    
,vasconcellos1 #bc ,ill41 #def2 #ca     
,ill41 #be4       #hh ,gitzh(f5 v4      
,si/]s1 #hh ,pac41 #fia2 #cb ,utah1 #df2
 ,tru/ees v4 ,b4 ,p4        ,o4 ,e41    
#abb ,wis41 #deb2 #ajj ,n4 ,w41 #hcg4   
#hi ,h]mits v4 ,c\nty1 #g ,pa4 ,l4 ,j41 
#abd4       #ij ,tru/ees v4 ,mann+1 #gb 

,md41 #aaf2 #ai ,at41 #eii4       #ia ,9
 re ,van ,horn1 #ah ,r4 ,i41 #chi4      
#ib ,w>d5s v4 ,blanc1 #h ,rob1 ,la41    
#ea4       #ic ,ru!r=d v4 ,hill1 #bb    
,or41 #bah2 #bi ,pac41 #edf2 #ag ,l4 ,r4
 ,a41 #edi2 #ef        ,c54 ,l4 ,j41    
#bba2 ,we*selb]g v4 ,fl\r1 #fd ,f41 #ij4
       #id ,jewett v4 ,?ames ,bank1 #af 
,conn41 #eaa4       #ie ,jeffts v4      
,york1 #aj ,cu%+1 #cib4       #if ,all5 
v4 ,m4 ,e4 ,*ur*1 #abg ,ia41 #if2 #ajb  
,n4 ,w41 #hjh2 #fi ,l4 ,r4 ,a41         
#bee2 ,sawy] v4 ,me?odi/1 #ah ,vt41     
#dje4       #ig ,wise v4 ,p]petual      
,tru/ees1 ,h\se ( ,lords1 #eg ,c4 ,l4   
,j41 #ajd4       #ih ,%eehy v4 ,blake1  
#gg ,wis41 #cid2 #df ,n4 ,w41 #ecg2 #fi 
,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #bee4       #ii ,cl>k v4   
,o',r\rke1 #aaa ,mi*41 #ajh2 #fi ,n4    
,w41 #adg4      #ajj ,brad=d v4 ,c>y1 #e
 ,me41 #cci2 ,lyn* v4 ,pfeiff]1 #aaj ,n4
 ,y41 #cc2 #ag        ,n4 ,e41 #djb2 ,9 
re ,/4 ,luke's1 #ag ,philadelphia1 #bfa4
      #aja ,addison v4 ,brock1 #c ,me41 
#bdc4      #ajb ,/ebb9s v4 ,j5n+s1 #aj  

,pick]+1 #agb4      #ajc ,municipality (
 ,ponce v4 ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 #bh   
,sup4 ,ct4 ,r41 #gcg2        #f ,cyc1   
#iae4      #ajd ,f]r>ia v4              
,vasconcellos1 #ca ,ill41 #be2 ,mason v4
 ,munca/]1 #i        ,:eaton1 #dfh2 #f  
,l4 ,ed41 #aca4      #aje ,:eaton v4    
,gates1 #ah ,n4 ,y41 #cie4      #ajf    
,s\? v4 ,yates1 #a ,h(f4 ,n4 ,y41 #adb2 
,mill] v4 ,*itt5don1 #db ,ia41          
#beb2 ,newm>ket v4 ,sm>t1 #de ,n4 ,h41  
#hg2 ,evangelical ,appeal1 #ce ,pa4     
,/41 #caf4      #ajg ,congregational    
,society v4 ,swan1 #b ,vt41 #bbb4       
#ajh ,horton v4 ,bapti/ ,*ur*1 #cd ,vt41
 #cji4      #aji ,associat$ ,re=m ,*ur* 
v4 ,!ological ,sem9>y1 #d ,n4 ,j4 ,eq41 
#gg4      #aaj ,taylor v4 ,edison1 #d   
,cu%+1 #ebb4      #aaa ,laws ( #ahie1 *4
 #gbc2 ,religi\s ,corporations1 ,cumm+s 
& ,gilb]t4      #aab ,heiss v4 ,vosburg1
 #ei ,wis41 #ecb2 #ah ,n4 ,w41 #dfc4    
#aac ,t>t> v4 ,gibbs1 #bd ,md41 #cbc4   
#aad ,*ri/ian ,c4 v4 ,c41 #bai ,ill41   
#ejc2 #gf ,n4 ,e41 #gjc4      #aae      

,jackson v4 ,legate1 #i ,w5dell1 ,n4    
,y41 #cgg4      #aaf #aj ,cyc1 #bce-bdd4
      #aag ,atty-,g54 v4 ,dut*1 #cf ,n4 
,y41 #deb4      #aah ,me?odi/ v4        
,pickett1 #bc ,b>b]1 #dcf4      #aai    
,sutton v4 ,cole1 #h ,mass41 #if4       
#abj ,mill] v4 ,engli%1 #ba ,n4 ,j4 ,l41
 #cag4      #aba ,enos v4 ,*ur*1 #ahg   
,mass41 #dj2 #gb ,n4 ,e41 #bec4         
#abb ,bapti/ v4 ,we!rell1 #c ,paige1 ,n4
 ,y41 #bif2 ,9 re ,williams1 #aje ,n4   
,y4        ,s41 #aaje2 ,contra3 ,fir/   
,r4 ,p4 ,*4 v4 ,b[d51 #aj ,abb41 ,n4    
,c41 #a4      #abc ,bellports v4 ,took]1
 #bi ,b>b]1 ,n4 ,y41 #bef4      #abd    
,sutt] v4 ,fir/1 #db ,pa4 ,/41 #ejc4    
#abe ,atwat] v4 ,woodbridge1 #f ,conn41 
#bbc4      #abf ,w>d5s v4 ,hall1 #bb    
,conn41 #abe4      #abg ,bea*1 ,private 
,corporations1 vol4 i1 p4 #fjh4         
#abh ,free ,*4 ( ,scotl& v4 ,ov]ton1    
,appeal ,cases1 ,h\se ( ,lords1 #aijd2  
,w9nebr5n] v4 ,cold]1 #dc ,pa4 ,/41     
#bdd4      #abi ,rules ( ,ord]1         
,scanlan1 c4 iii4      #acj ,*ri/'s ,ev4

 ,l4 ,c41 #e ,pa4 ,co4 ,c\rt1 #aba4     
#aca ,9 re ,zion1 #h ,kulp4 ,pa41 #bci4 
#acb ,9 re ,hebron1 #i ,phil41 #fji4    
#acc ,u4 ,s4 v4 ,*ur*1 #e ,utah1 #cfa1  
#cid1 & #ech2 #ae ,pac41 #dgc2 #af      
,pac41        #gbc2 #ah ,pac41 #ce4     
#acd ,neil v4 ,ve/ry1 #h ,gill41 #aaf4  
#ace ,madison v4 ,bapti/1 #bf ,n4 ,y41  
#egj2 ,/okes v4 ,phelps1 #dg ,hun41     
#egj4      #acf ,g]man1 etc41 #i ,pa4   
,co4 ,c41 #ab4      #acg ,ev5son v4     
,ell+son1 #gb ,wis41 #bdb2 #ci ,n4 ,w41 
#ccj4      #ach ,toby v4 ,w>eham1 #ed   
,mass41 #ddj4      #aci ,web] v4        
,zimm]man1 #bb ,md41 #aef2 ,wyncoop v4  
,cong41 #aj ,la41 #ahe4      #adj ,magie
 v4 ,g]man1 #ac ,n4 ,j4 ,eq41 #gg4      
#ada ,e/]brook v4 ,till+ha/1 #ga ,mass41
 #ag4      #adb ,s\? v4 ,clapp1 #ah     
,b>b]1 ,n4 ,y41 #ce4      #adc ,tild5 v4
 ,metcalf1 #b ,day1 ,conn41 #bei2 ,heiss
 v4 ,vosburg1 #ei ,wis41        #ecb2   
#ah ,n4 ,w41 #eah4      #add ,kell] v4  
,tracy1 #aa ,ia41 #ecj4      #ade       
,v]rian v4 ,me?odi/1 #dd ,abbott ,pr41  

#dbd4      #adf ,tru/ees v4 ,hoessli1   
#ac ,wis41 #cdh4      #adg ,franke v4   
,mann1 #ajf ,wis41 #aah2 #ha ,n4 ,w41   
#ajad4      #adh ,d54 v4 ,pill+1 #bd ,n4
 ,j4 ,l41 #fec4      #adi ,mormon v4    
,unit$ ,/ates1 #acf ,u4 ,s41 #a2 #cc ,l4
 ,ed41 #fci4      #aej ,9 re ,me?odi/1  
#fg ,hun41 #hf4      #aea ,9 re ,union1 
#f ,abb41 ,n4 ,c41 #cih4      #aeb ,fir/
 v4 ,br[nell1 #e ,hun41 #dfd4      #aec 
,ev5son v4 ,ell+son1 #gb ,wis41 #bdb2   
#ci ,n4 ,w41 #ccj4      #aed ,rules (   
,ord]1 ,scanlan1 #bj2 ,t>t> v4 ,gibbs1  
#bd ,md41 #cbh2 ,sutt] v4        ,fir/1 
#db ,pa4 ,/41 #ejc4      #aee ,rose v4  
,v]t91 #df ,mi*41 #deg2 #i ,n4 ,w41     
#dia2 ,tuigg v4 ,%eehan1 #aja           
,pa4 ,/41 #cfc4      #aef ,am4  ,eng4   
,ency4 ( ,l41 8,religi\s ,societies40   
#aeg ,d54 v4 ,bolton1 #ab ,n4 ,j4 ,l41  
#bjf4      #aeh ,bonacum v4 ,murphy1 #fe
 ,neb41 #hca1 & #ga ,neb41 #dfc2 #ih ,n4
 ,w41 #ajcj2        #ajb ,n4 ,w41 #bfg1 
& #ajd ,n4 ,w41 #ahj4      #aei ,bonacum
 v4 ,murphy1 #ga ,neb41 #dfc2 #ajd ,n4  

,w41 #ahj2 ,b[d5 v4 ,mac,leod1        #a
 ,edw41 ,n4 ,y41 #ehh4      #afj        
,congregation v4 ,m>t91 #d ,rob41 ,la41 
#fb4      #afa ,fitzg]ald v4 ,rob9son1  
#aab ,mass41 #cga2 ,grosv5or v4 ,unit$  
,/ates1        #aah ,mass41 #gh2 ,po/1  
#acb4      #afb ,w>d5s v4 ,blanc1 #h    
,rob41 ,la41 #ea4      #afc ,b[ld9 v4   
,alex&]1 #hb ,u4 ,s41 #aca2 #ba ,l4     
,ed41 #fi4      #afd ,d54 v4 ,pill+1 #bd
 ,n4 ,j4 ,l41 #fec4      #afe ,appeal ( 
,mc,auley1 #gg ,pa41 #cig4      #aff    
,smi? v4 ,sworm/$t1 #eg ,u4 ,s41 #bhh2  
#ad ,l4 ,ed41 #idb4      #afg ,skilton  
v4 ,web/]1 ,bright1 ,pa41 #bjc2 ,mt4    
,hel5a ,bp4 ,*41 #gi ,miss41            
#dhh2 #cj ,s4 ,rep41 #gad4      #afh    
,smi? v4 ,sworm/$t1 #eg ,u4 ,s41 #bhh2  
#ad ,l4 ,ed41 #idb4      #afi ,t>t> v4  
,gibbs1 #bd ,md41 #cbc2 ,papalion v4    
,manusos1 #aac ,ill4 ,app41        #caf4
      #agj ,p v4 ,/eele1 #b ,b>b]1 #cig4
      #aga ,/ebb9s v4 ,j5n+s1 #aj       
,pick]+1 #agb4      #agb ,elizabe? ,city
 v4 ,k5n$y1 ,bu%1 #dd1 ,n4 ,c4 ,law1    

#hi4      #agc ,diff5dorf v4 ,re=m$     
,*ur*1 #bj ,johns41 ,n4 ,y41 #ab4       
#agd ,sutton v4 ,tru/ees1 #db ,pa41     
#ejc4      #age ,baxt] v4 ,mc,donald1   
#aee ,n4 ,y41 #hc2 #di ,n4 ,e41 #ffg4   
#agf ,w>d5s v4 ,blanc1 #h ,rob41 #ea4   
#agg ,"y v4 ,ransom1 #ca ,b>b41 #di4    
#agh ,p]ry v4 ,:eel]1 #ge ,ky41 #eda4   
#agi ,%eldon v4 ,ea/on1 #d ,mass41 #bha2
 ,congregation v4 ,p]es1 #db ,t5n41     
#fbj2 ,?ompson v4 ,ca?olic1 #bb ,mass41 
#dfi4      #ahj ,proprietors v4         
,proprietors1 #dh ,mass41 #dif4         
#aha ,dempsey v4 ,nor?1 #ih ,mi*41 #ddd2
 #eg ,n4 ,w41 #bfg4      #ahb ,hackett  
v4 ,mt4 ,pleasant1 #df ,ark41 #bia4     
#ahc ,*at>d v4 ,o',donovan1 #hj ,ind41  
#bj4      #ahd ,bre/or v4 ,burr1 #abj   
,n4 ,y41 #dbg2 #h ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #gaj2 #bd
 ,n4 ,e41 #icg4      #ahe ,walk] v4     
,wa9wright1 #af ,b>b41 #dhf4      #ahf  
,o',h>a v4 ,/ack1 #ij ,pa41 #dgg4       
#ahg ,/ack v4 ,o',h>a1 #ih ,pa4 ,/41    
#bac4      #ahh ,coop] v4 ,mc,kenna1    
#ajd ,mass41 #bhd4      #ahi ,leahy v4  

,williams1 #ada ,mass41 #cde4      #aij 
,/ate v4 ,w9kle1 #ad ,n4 ,h41 #dhj4     
#aia ,me?odi/ v4 ,%]man1 #cf ,wis41     
#djd4      #aib ,baldw9 v4 ,mc,klinch1  
#a ,me41 #ajb4      #aic ,elizabe? ,city
 v4 ,k5n$y1 #dd ,n4 ,c41 #hi4      #aid 
,calk9s v4 ,*5ey1 #ib ,ill41 #dfc4      
#aie ,/4 ,patrick's v4 ,daly1 #aaf      
,ill41 #gf2 #d ,n4 ,e41 #bda4      #aif 
,congregation v4 ,m>t91 #d ,rob41 ,la41 
#fb4      #aig ,mey] v4 ,bapti/1 #ch    
,vt41 #fad4      #aih ,congregation v4  
,m>t91 #d ,rob41 #fb4      #aii         
,:ittmore v4 ,f\r?1 #fh ,mass41 #cjf4   
#bjj ,/4 ,patrick's v4 ,daly1 #d ,n4    
,e41 #bda2 #aaf ,ill41 #gf4      #bja   
,tuigg v4 ,treacy1 #ajd ,pa41 #dic4     
#bjb ,t>t> v4 ,gibbs1 #bd ,md41 #cbc4   
#bjc ,heiss v4 ,murphy1 #dj ,wis41 #bgf1
 #bgh2 ,d54 v4 ,pill+1 #bd ,n4 ,j4 ,l41 
#fec4      #bjd ,weck]ly v4 ,gey]1 #aa  
,s]4 ,r4 ,pa41 #ce4      #bje ,we9br5n] 
v4 ,cold]1 #dc ,pa4 ,/41 #bdd4      #bjf
 ,p v4 ,tu?il1 #ca ,n4 ,y41 #eej4       
#bjg ,price v4 ,lyon1 #ad ,conn41 #bhj4 

#bjh ,sut] v4 ,spangl]1 #d ,phil41 #cca4
      #bji ,smi? v4 ,p$igo1 #ade ,ind41 
#cf2 #cb ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #hcf2 #cc ,n4 ,e41
 #ggg4      #baj ,mc,guire v4 ,tru/ees1 
#ed ,hun41 #bjg4      #baa ,*ur* v4     
,halv]son1 #db ,m9n41 #ejc2 #dd ,n4 ,w41
 #efc2 ,day v4 ,bolton1 #ab        ,n4  
,j4 ,l41 #bjf2 ,d54 v4 ,pill+1 #bd ,n4  
,j4 ,l41 #fec4      #bab ,osgood v4     
,bradley1 #g ,me41 #daa4      #bac      
,bapti/ v4 ,)]ell1 #bd ,am4 ,dec41 #bbc2
 #c ,! ,ca?olic ,cyclop$ia1        #gee2
 ,contra3 ,fir/ ,r4 ,p4 ,*4 v4 ,b[d51   
#aj ,abb41 ,n4 ,c1 #a4 ,see po/         
#acd1 #aef4      #bad ,jewett v4 ,?ames1
 #af ,conn41 #eaa4      #bae ,*ick v4   
,trevett1 #bj ,me41 #dfb2 ,all5 v4 ,m4  
,e4 ,*ur*1 #abg ,ia41 #if2        #ajb  
,n4 ,w41 #hjh2 #fi ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #bee4   
#baf ,%eehy v4 ,blake1 #gb ,wis41 #daa2 
#ci ,n4 ,w41 #dgi2 #i ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #efd4
      #bag ,*ase v4 ,m]rimac1 #cd       
,mass41 #efd2 ,bigel[ v4 ,congregation1 
#ae ,vt41        #cgj4      #bah        
,ri*>dson v4 ,butt]field1 #fj ,mass41   

#aia4      #bai ,/ate v4 ,hebrew1 #ca   
,la4 ,ann41 #bje2 #cc ,am4 ,rep41 #bag2 
,grosv5or v4        ,unit$ ,/ates1 #aah 
,mass41 #gh2 ,watson v4 ,g>b91 #ed ,mo41
 #ceh4      #bbj ,/ate v4 ,getty1 #fi   
,conn41 #bhf2 #cg ,at41 #ahh4      #bba 
,free ,*ur* ( ,scotl& v4 ,ov]ton1       
,appeal ,cases1 ,h\se ( ,lords1         
#aijd2 ,fu*s v4 ,meisel1 #ajb ,mi*41    
#ceg2 #cb ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #ib2 #fj ,n4 ,w41
        #ggc4      #bbb ,me?odi/ v4     
,wood1 #e ,ohio1 #ab4      #bbc         
,mc,ginnis v4 ,watson1 #da ,pa4 ,/41 #i4
      #bbd ,g]man v4 ,seib]t1 #c ,pa4   
,/41 #bhb4      #bbe ,sutt] v4 ,fir/1   
#db ,pa4 ,/41 #ejc4      #bbf ,mill] v4 
,gable1 #b ,d541 ,n4 ,y41 #dib2 ,eis v4 
,croze1 #adi ,mi*41 #fb2        #aab ,n4
 ,w41 #idc2 ,dress5 v4 ,bramei]1 #ef    
,ia41 #gef2 #i ,n4 ,w41 #aic2           
,ami% v4 ,gelhaus1 #ga ,ia41 #agj2 #cb  
,n4 ,w41 #cah4      #bbg ,lamm v4 ,ca91 
#abi ,ind41 #dhf2 #ad ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #eah4
      #bbh ,f]nald v4 ,lewis1 #f ,me41  
#bfd4      #bbi ,tru/ees v4 ,h5s*ell1   

#dh ,m9n41 #did2 #ea ,n4 ,w41 #dgg4     
#bcj ,p]ry v4 ,tupp]1 #gd ,n4 ,c41 #gbb4
      #bca ,wann] v4 ,emanuel1 #agd     
,pa41 #dff4      #bcb ,we/ v4 ,ottes51  
#hj ,wis41 #fb2 #di ,n4 ,w41 #bd4       
#bcc ,second v4 ,fir/1 #bc ,conn41 #bee4
      #bcd ,smi? v4 ,sworm/$t1 #eg ,u4  
,s41 #bhh2 #ad ,l4 ,ed41 #idb4      #bce
 ,nelson v4 ,b5son1 #fi ,ill41 #bg2     
,br[n v4 ,port]1 #aj ,mass41 #ic4       
#bcf ,page v4 ,crosby1 #da ,mass41 #baa4
      #bcg ,h>p] v4 ,/raws1 #ec ,ky41   
#dh2 ,hale v4 ,ev]ett1 #ec ,n4 ,h41 #i2 
,wiswell        v4 ,fir/1 #ad ,ohio ,/41
 #ca2 ,reorganiz$ v4 ,*ur*1 #fj ,f$41   
#icg2 #cb        ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #hch2     
,f]n/l] v4 ,seib]t1 #aad ,pa41 #aif2 #f 
,at41 #afe4      #bch ,%annon v4 ,fir/1 
#db ,ky41 #bec4      #bci ,s]vatius v4  
,pi*el1 #cd ,wis41 #bib2 ,mc,grath v4   
,f9n1 #af ,alb4 ,l4 ,j41        #ahf2   
,morasse v4 ,bor*ee1 #aea ,mass41 #efg2 
#be ,n4 ,e41 #gd4      #bdj ,f>nswor? v4
 ,/orrs1 #ei ,mass41 #dab4      #bda    
,b[ld9 v4 ,alex&]1 #ae ,wall41 #aca2 #ba

 ,l4 ,ed41 #fi2 ,ante1 sec4 #aaf1       
po/ #aef4      #bdb ,9 re ,paulson's w1 
#abg ,wis41 #fab2 #ajg ,n4 ,w41 #dhd4   
#bdc ,b>ry v4 ,c4 ,k4 ( ,w41 #aai ,wis41
 #cfb2 #if ,n4 ,w41 #gig4      #bdd ,9  
re ,knox1 #be ,*4 ,div41 #edb4      #bde
 ,h>d5 v4 ,bapti/1 #ea ,mi*41 #acg2 #af 
,n4 ,w41 #caa4      #bdf ,taylor v4     
,edison1 #eh ,mass41 #ebb2 ,gray v4     
,*ri/ian1 #acg ,mass41 #cbi4      #bdg  
,fulbright v4 ,higg5bo?am1 #acc ,mo41   
#ffh2 #cd ,s4 ,w41 #hge4      #bdh      
,jones v4 ,/ate1 #bh ,neb41 #die2 #dd   
,n4 ,w41 #feh2 #g ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #cbe4    
#bdi ,hamel v4 ,g]man1 #a ,weekly ,note 
,cases1 #daa4      #bej ,/ate v4        
,hebrew1 #ca ,la4 ,ann41 #bje2 #cc ,am4 
,rep41 #bag4      #bea ,deadrick v4     
,lampson1 #eh ,t5n41 #ebc4      #beb    
,smi? v4 ,p$igo1 #ade ,ind41 #cfa2 #cb  
,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #hch4      #bec ,lucas v4  
,case1 #i ,bu%1 ,ky41 #big4      #bed   
,grosv5or v4 ,u4 ,s41 #aah ,mass41 #gh4 
#bee ,mill] v4 ,engli%1 #ba ,n4 ,j4 ,l41
 #cag2 #aj ,cyc1 #cbj-cbh2 ,rules (     

,ord]1 ,scanlan1 #ag4      #bef ,/ate v4
 ,cr[ell1 #i ,n4 ,j4 ,l41 #cia2         
,commonweal? v4 ,ca91 #e ,s]4           
,r41 ,pa41 #eaj4      #beg ,weg]le v4   
,gey]1 #aa ,s]4  ,r41 ,pa41 #ce4        
#beh ,juk] v4 ,commonweal?1 #bj ,pa4    
,/41 #dhd2 ,/4 ,luke's v4 ,mat!ws1 #d   
,desau1 ,s4 ,c41 #egh2 ,/ate v4 ,cr[ell1
 #i ,n4 ,j4 ,l41 #cia4      #bei ,p v4  
,tu?ill1 #ca ,n4 ,y41 #eej4      #bfj   
,rules ( ,ord]1 ,scanlan1 #ah1 #bj2 #aj 
,cyc1 #cbi4      #bfa ,madison v4       
,bapti/1 #cb ,h[>d's ,pr41 #cce4        
#bfb ,p v4 ,tu?ill1 #ca ,n4 ,y41 #eej4  
#bfc ,h>t v4 ,h>vey1 #cb ,b>b41 ,n4 ,y41
 #ee4      #bfd ,alex&] v4 ,b[]s1 #gi   
,s4 ,w41 #cdb4      #bfe ,rules ( ,ord]1
 ,scanlan1 #ah1 #bj1 #bc2 ,p v4 ,peck1  
#aa ,w5d41 ,n4        ,y41 #fjd4        
#bff ,rules ( ,ord]1 ,scanlan1 #i2      
,gipson v4 ,morris1 #hc ,s4 ,w41 ,tex41 
#bbf2        ,mc,crary's ,am4 ,l4 (     
,elections1 secs4 #bih-cjj4      #bfg   
,juk] v4 ,commonweal?1 #bj ,pa41 #dhd4  
#bfh ,rules ( ,ord]1 ,scanlan1 #bc-bg2  

,w>d5s v4 ,pope1 #h ,gray1 ,mass41 #adj4
      #bfi ,d54 v4 ,pill+1 #bd ,n4 ,j4  
,l41 #fec4      #bgj ,ve/ry v4 ,mat!ws1 
#d ,desau1 ,s4 ,c41 #egh4      #bga     
,cooley's ,con4 ,lim41 #fai2 ,mc,crary's
 ,am4 ,l4 ( ,elections1 sec4 #aig2      
,rules ( ,ord]1 ,scanlan1 #bd-bg4       
#bgb ,commonweal? v4 ,woelp]1 #c ,s]4   
,r41 ,pa41 #bi4      #bgc ,9 re ,pet]s1 
#aab ,n4 ,y4 ,sup41 #cci4      #bgd     
,gram v4 ,prussia1 #cf ,n4 ,y41 #afa4   
#bge ,wall v4 ,johnson1 #adj ,ind41     
#dde2 #ci ,n4 ,e41 #bea2 ,simmons v4    
,allison1        #aah ,n4 ,c41 #gfc4    
#bgf ,p v4 ,/4 ,an?ony1 #aji ,n4 ,y41   
#eab2 #ag ,n4 ,e41 #djh4      #bgg      
,congregation v4 ,m>t91 #d ,rob41 #fb2  
,w>d5s v4 ,blanc1 #h ,rob41 #ea2        
,/4 ,&rew's ,*4 v4 ,s*augnessy1 #fc     
,neb41 #gib2 #hi ,n4 ,w41 #bfa4         
#bgh ,enos v4 ,*ur*1 #ahg ,mass41 #dj2  
#gb ,n4 ,e41 #bec4      #bgi ,ross v4   
,crockett1 #ad ,la4 ,ann41 #haa4        
#bhj ,laight v4 ,noe1 #ab ,h[>d's ,pr41 
#dig2 ,contra3 ,9 re ,williams1 #aje ,n4

        ,y4 ,s41 #aaje2 ,ante1 #aaf1    
#acd4      #bha ,p v4 ,laco/e1 #cg ,n4  
,y41 #aib2 ,fadness v4 ,braunb]g1 #gc   
,wis41        #beg2 #da ,n4 ,w41 #hd2   
,mc,crary on ,am4 ,l4 ( ,elections1     
secs4 #bji1 #bfd2        #aj ,cyc1 #cdg2
 ,p v4 ,nappa1 #hi ,mi*41 #bcb2 #ej ,n4 
,w41 #hdf4      #bhb ,h5drickson v4     
,%otwell1 #a ,n4 ,j4 ,eq41 #egg4        
#bhc ,congregation v4 ,sp]ry1 #aj       
,conn41 #bjj2 #aj ,cyc1 #cai4      #bhd 
,d54 v4 ,pill+1 #bd ,n4 ,j4 ,l41 #fec4  
#bhe ,smi? v4 ,erb1 #e ,gill41 ,md41    
#dcg4      #bhf ,p v4 ,peck1 #aa ,w5d41 
,n4 ,y41 #fjd4      #bhg ,catron v4     
,fir/1 #df ,ia41 #ajf2 ,p v4 ,/4        
,an?ony's1 #aji ,n4 ,y41        #eab2   
#ag ,n4 ,e41 #djh4      #bhh ,columbia  
v4 ,gospel1 #abg ,n4 ,y41 #cfa4         
#bhi ,fir/ v4 ,caughey1 #he ,pa41 #bga4 
#bij ,san ,antonia v4 ,adams1 #hg ,tex41
 #abe2 #bf ,s4 ,w41 #ajdj2 ,hill v4     
,ri*1        #aai ,mo41 #i2 #bd ,s4 ,w41
 #bbc4      #bia ,hewitt v4 ,:eel]1 #bb 
,conn41 #egg2 ,devos v4 ,gray1 #bb      

,ohio1 #aei2 ,klopp        v4 ,moore1 #f
 ,kan41 #bg2 ,neil v4 ,sp5c]1 #e ,ill4  
,app41 #dfa2 ,unit$ v4        ,v&us51   
#cg ,wis41 #ed4      #bib ,mill] v4     
,*ur*1 #d ,phil41 #dh4      #bic        
,brunn5mey] v4 ,buhre1 #cb ,ill41 #ahc4 
#bid ,n4 ,bapti/ v4 ,p>k]1 #cf ,b>b41   
,n4 ,y41 #aga4      #bie ,d5nison v4    
,au/91 #ae ,wis41 #ccd4      #bif ,unit$
 v4 ,v&us51 #cg ,wis41 #ed2 ,mac,laury  
v4 ,h>t1 #aba ,n4 ,y41 #fcf2        #bd 
,n4 ,e41 #ajac4      #big ,ve/ry v4     
,b>ksdale1 #a ,/robb4 ,eq41 ,s4 ,c41    
#aig4      #bih ,new v4 ,gress1 #hi     
,ga41 #abe4      #bii #aj ,cyc1 #ggf-i2 
,9 re ,d5ny1 #aef ,ind41 #ajd2 #ei ,n4  
,e41 #cei2 #ea ,l4 ,r4        ,a41 #gbb4
      #cjj ,rules ( ,ord]1 ,scanlan1    
#ba2 ,u4 ,s4 v4 ,balm1 #add ,u4 ,s41 #a2
 #ab ,sup4        ,ct4 ,r41 #ejg2 #cf   
,l4 ,ed41 #cba2 ,! ,ca?olic ,cyclop$ia1 
vol4 i1 #bhi4      #cja ,cicotte v4     
,anciaux1 #ec ,mi*41 #bbg2 #ah ,n4 ,w41 
#gic4      #cjb ,tru/ees v4 ,halv]son1  
#db ,m9n41 #ejc2 #dd ,n4 ,w41 #ffc4     

#cjc ,sk9n] v4 ,ri*>dson1 #gf ,wis41    
#dfd2 #de ,n4 ,w41 #cah2 ,d5nison v4    
,au/on1 #ae ,wis41 #ccd4      #cjd      
,ve/ry v4 ,b>ksdale1 #a ,/robb4 ,s4 ,c4 
,eq41 #aig4      #cje ,/ate v4 ,ahnapee1
 #ii ,wis41 #cbb2 #gd ,n4 ,w41 #ghc4    
#cjf ,b[ld9 v4 ,alex&]1 #hb ,u4 ,s41    
#aca2 #ba ,l4 ,ed41 #fi2 ,! ,ca?olic    
,cyclop$ia1 vol4 iii1 #gee1 #gef4       
#cjg ,leahy v4 ,williams1 #ada ,mass41  
#cde2 #f ,n4 ,e41 #gh4      #cjh ,p v4  
,runkel1 #h ,johnson1 ,n4 ,y41 #dfd4    
#cji ,leahy v4 ,williams1 #ada ,mass41  
#cde4      #caj ,rose v4 ,v]t91 #df     
,mi*41 #deg2 #i ,n4 ,w41 #dia2 ,tuigg v4
 ,%eehan1 #aja        ,pa41 #cfc4       
#caa ,freeport v4 ,egan1 #adf ,pa41     
#ajf2 #bc ,at41 #cij4      #cab ,scott  
v4 ,?ompson1 #ba ,ia41 #eii4      #cac  
,emonds v4 ,t]mehr1 #fj ,ia41 #ib2 #ad  
,n4 ,w41 #aig4      #cad ,wojci5*[ski v4
 ,johnkn[ski1 #af ,pa4 ,sup4 ,ct41 #ddd4
      #cae ,*9iqui v4 ,delaire1 #cg     
,ill41 #bcg4      #caf ,/4 ,patrick's v4
 ,ab/41 #gf ,ill41 #beb4      #cag ,fir/

 v4 ,prior1 #bc ,hun41 #bga4      #cah  
,d54 v4 ,pill+1 #bd ,n4 ,j4 ,l41 #fec2  
,rules ( ,ord]1 ,scanlan1 #ae-ah4       
#cai ,g]man v4 ,pressl]1 #ag ,la4 ,ann41
 #abg4      #cbj ,appeal ( ,mc,auley1   
#gg ,pa41 #cig4      #cba ,be?any v4    
,sp]ry1 #aj ,conn41 #bjj4      #cbb     
,web] v4 ,zimm]mann1 #bb ,md41 #aef4    
#cbc ,d[ns v4 ,b[do91 #adi ,mass41 #ace2
 #ba ,n4 ,e41 #bid4      #cbd ,smi? v4  
,erb41 #d ,gill41 ,md41 #dcg4      #cbe 
,helbig v4 ,ros5b]g1 #hf ,ia41 #aei2 #ec
 ,n4 ,w41 #aaa4      #cbf ,dahl v4      
,pala*e1 #fh ,cal41 #bdh4      #cbg ,p  
v4 ,runkel1 #i ,johnson1 #adg4      #cbh
 ,fir/ v4 ,hill>y1 #ea ,cal41 #aee4     
#cbi ,tuttle v4 ,c>y1 #g ,me41 #dbf4    
#ccj ,/ate v4 ,/ew>d1 #f ,h\/41 ,del41  
#i4      #cca ,jones v4 ,c>y1 #f ,me41  
#ddh2 ,rules ( ,ord]1 ,scanlan1 #bi-cj4 
#ccb ,/ate v4 ,/ew>d1 #f ,h\/41 ,del41  
#cei4      #ccc ,juk] v4 ,commonweal?1  
#bj ,pa41 #dhd2 ,mc,ilvain v4 ,*ri/'s   
,*ur*1 #h        ,phil41 #ejg4      #ccd
 ,liv+/on v4 ,tr9ity ,*ur*1 #de ,n4 ,j4 

,l41 #bcj4      #cce ,p v4 ,tu?ill1 #ca 
,n4 ,y41 #eej4      #ccf ,madison v4    
,bapti/1 #df ,n4 ,y41 #aca4      #ccg   
,moore v4 ,/4 ,?omas' ,*ur*1 #d ,abb41  
,n4 ,y41 #ea4      #cch ,commonweal? v4 
,woelp]1 #c ,s]4  ,r41 #bi4      #cci   
,w>d5s v4 ,pope1 #gd ,mass41 #adj4      
#cdj ,oakes v4 ,hill1 #f ,weekly ,notes1
 ,cas41 #cdf4      #cda ,h>tt v4 ,h>vey1
 #cb ,b>b41 #ee4      #cdb ,weck]ly v4  
,gey]1 #aa ,s]4  ,r41 #ce4      #cdc ,p 
v4 ,*ur*1 #dh ,b>b41 #fjc4      #cdd    
,all5 v4 ,gray1 #aa ,conn41 #ie4        
#cde ,ar?ur v4 ,norfield1 #di ,at41     
#bda2 #gc ,conn41 #gah4      #cdf ,pep9 
v4 ,societies1 #bc ,r4 ,i41 #ha2 #fj ,l4
 ,r4 ,a41 #fbf4      #cdg ,lahiff v4 ,/4
 ,joseph's ,t4 ,a4 ,b4 ,s41 #gf ,conn41 
#fdh2 #fe ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #ib4      #cdh   
#aj ,cyc1 #ajfg4      #cdi #ag ,cyc1    
#dje2 #b ,jones on ,ev41 secs4 #ebb1    
#ebc2 ,conflict ( ,l41        ,:>ton1   
vol4 ii1 sec4 #gfa1 pp4 #adif-h2 ,coll9s
 v4 ,g]man1 ,am4 ,m4 ,i4        ,ass41  
#aab ,mo4 ,app41 #bji2 #hf ,s4 ,w41     

#hia2 ,layton v4 ,kraft1 #ih ,n4 ,y41   
#iif4      #cej ,coll9s v4 ,g]man1 #aab 
,mo4 ,app41 #bji2 ,s&b]g v4 ,! ,/ate1   
#aac        ,wis41 #egh2 #hi ,n4 ,w41   
#ejd4      #cea ,sawy] v4 ,baldw91 #aa  
,pick]+1 #dib4      #ceb ,f9h] v4       
,haneg51 #ei ,ark41 #aea2 #bd ,l4 ,r4   
,a41 #edc4      #cec ,mt4 ,zion v4      
,:itmore1 #hc ,ia41 #ach2 #di ,n4 ,w41  
#hdf2 #ac ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #aih4      #ced  
,bonacum v4 ,murphy1 #fe ,neb41 #hca2   
#ih ,n4 ,w41 #ajcj2 #ga ,neb41 #dfc2    
#ajb        ,n4 ,w41 #bfg2 #ajd ib41    
#ahj2 ,nance v4 ,busby1 #ia ,t5n41 #cjc2
 #ah ,s4 ,w41        #hgd2 #ae ,l4 ,r4  
,a41 #hja4      #cee ,bonacum v4        
,h>r+ton1 #fe ,neb41 #hca2 #ia ,n4 ,w41 
#hhf4      #cef ,tubbs v4 ,lyn*1 #d     
,h>r41 ,del41 #eba4      #ceg ,/]ns v4  
,b$=d1 #ba ,pick]+1 #aad4      #ceh     
,o',donovan v4 ,*at>d1 #ig ,ind41 #dba4 
#cei ,baxt] v4 ,mc,donald1 #aee ,n4 ,y41
 #hc2 #di ,n4 ,e41 #ffg4      #cfj      
,gibbs v4 ,gilead1 #ch ,conn41 #aec4    
#cfa ,/ack v4 ,o',h>a1 #ih ,pa41 #bac4  

#cfb #bi ,cyc1 #bjd1 & 8,religi\s       
,societies02 ,am4  ,eng4 ,cyc4 ( ,l41   
8,religi\s ,societies0 & 8,b5eficial    
,societies02 #b ,b5efit                 
,societies  ,l4 ,insurance1 ,bacon1     
secs4 #djj;a & #dej;a4      #cfc        
,f>nswor? v4 ,/orrs1 #ei ,mass41 #dab4  
#cfd ,hatfield v4 ,delong1 #bd ,ind4    
,app41 #cdc2 #ea ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #gea2     
,ryan v4        ,cudahy1 #aeg ,ill41    
#ajh2 #da ,n4 ,e41 #gfj2 #di ,l4 ,r4    
,a41 #cec4      #cfe ,sampsell v4 ,e%]1 
#bf ,weekly ,law ,bullet91 ,ohio1 #aef4 
#cff ,day v4 ,rob9son1 #ab ,n4 ,j4 ,l41 
#bjf4      #cfg ,diff5dorf v4 ,re=m$    
,*ur*1 #bj ,johnson1 ,n4 ,y41 #ab4      
#cfh ,*ase v4 ,*5ey1 #eh ,ill41 #eji4   
#cfi ,ca?olic ,diction>y1 ,addis        
,arnold1 8,prescription40      #cgj     
,legal ,=mul>y1 ,ba>t1 #dfb4      #cga  
,juk] v4 ,commonweal?1 #bj ,pa4 ,/41    
#dhd4      #cgb ,be]s v4 ,arkansas1 #bj 
,h[41 ,u4 ,s41 #ebg2 #ae ,l4 ,ed41 #iia4
      #cgc ,see 8,b5efit ( ! ,cl]gy0 &  
8,=um ,ecclesia/icum10 9 ,!             

,ca?olic ,cyclop$ia & 9 ! ,ca?olic      
,diction>y4      #cgd ,kuns v4 ,rob9son1
 #aed ,ill41 #cid2 #dj ,n4 ,e41 #cdc2   
,brundage v4        ,de>dorf1 #ee ,f$41 
#hci2 ,watson v4 ,jones1 #hj ,u4 ,s41   
#fgi2 #bj ,l4 ,ed41        #fff2 ,bird  
v4 ,/4 ,m>k's1 #fb ,ia41 #efg2 #ag ,n4  
,w41 #gdg2 ,p]ry v4        ,:eel]1 #ge  
,ky41 #eda2 ,p[]s v4 ,bundy1 #de ,neb41 
#bjh2 #fc ,n4 ,w41 #dgf2        ,connit 
v4 ,re=m$1 #ed ,n4 ,y41 #eea2 ,h>rison  
v4 ,hoyle1 #bd ,ohio ,/41        #bed2  
,kreck] v4 ,%irey1 #afc ,pa41 #ecd2 #cj 
,at41 #edj4      #cge ,watson v4 ,jones1
 #hj ,u4 ,s41 #fgi2 #bj ,l4 ,ed41 #fff4 
#cgf ,prickett v4 ,wells1 #aag ,mo41    
#ejb2 #bd ,s4 ,w41 #eb2 ,p\nd] v4 ,a%1  
#cf        ,neb41 #efd2 #ed ,n4 ,w41    
#hdg4      #cgg ,atty-,g54 v4 ,f$41 #fi 
,mass41 #a4      #cgh ,mt4 ,hel5 v4     
,jones1 #gi ,miss41 #dhh2 #cj ,s41 #gad4
      #cgi ,prickett v4 ,wells1 #aag    
,mo41 #ejb2 #bd ,s4 ,w41 #eb4      #chj 
,f]r>ia v4 ,vasconcellos1 #ca ,ill41    
#be4      #cha ,g>t5 v4 ,p5ick1 #fh     

,ky41 #aaj4      #chb ,brunn5mey] v4    
,buhre1 #ca ,ill41 #ahc4      #chc      
,lawson v4 ,kolb5son1 #fa ,ill41 #dje4  
#chd ,rob]tson v4 ,bullions1 #aa ,n4    
,y41 #bdc4      #che ,papalion v4       
,manusos1 #aac ,ill4 ,app41 #caf4       
#chf ,av]y v4 ,bak]1 #bg ,neb41 #chh2   
#dc ,n4 ,w41 #agd4      #chg ,tru/ees v4
 ,tru/ees1 #d ,n4 ,j4 ,eq41 #gg4        
#chh ,na% v4 ,sutton1 #aag ,n4 ,c41     
#bca2 #bc ,s4 ,e41 #agh2 ,wiswell v4    
,fir/1 #ad        ,ohio ,/41 #ca4       
#chi ,mannix v4 ,purcell1 #df ,ohio ,/41
 #ajb4      #cij ,bak] v4 ,duck]1 #gi   
,cal41 #cfe2 #ba ,pac41 #gfd4      #cia 
,morris v4 ,d>t1 #fg ,s4 ,c41 #cch2 #de 
,s4 ,e41 #gec2 #ajj ,am4 ,/4 ,rep41     
#gcd4      #cib ,phipps v4 ,jones1 #bj  
,pa41 #bfj4      #cic ,dolan v4 ,city1  
#d ,gill41 #cid4      #cid ,%ak]s v4    
,watson1 #fh ,f$41 #gcj4      #cie #fa  
,c54 ,l4 ,j41 #di & #ee2 #eg ,c4 ,l4    
,j41 #bja4      #cif ,ow5s v4 ,frank1 #g
 ,wyom+1 #deg2 #ec ,pac41 #bhb2 #dg ,c54
 ,l4 ,j41 #bba4      #cig ,evid5ce1     

,jones1 vol4 iii1 p4 #ggf4      #cih    
,gillooley v4 ,/ate1 #eh ,ind41 #ahb4   
#cii ,knight v4 ,lee1 #hj ,ind41 #bja4  
#djj ,colb]t v4 ,/ate1 #abe ,wis41 #dbc2
 #ajd ,n4 ,w41 #fa4      #dja ,hills v4 
,/ate1 #fa ,neb41 #ehi2 #he ,n4 ,w41    
#hcf4      #djb ,bev9s v4 ,kl9e1 #ba    
,ind41 #cg4      #djc ,9 re ,?omas1 #ed 
,cal41 #eji4      #djd ,rex4 v4 ,hoy1 #b
 ,f4  ,f41 #d4      #dje ,rex4 v4       
,griff51 #f ,cox1 ,c4 ,c41 #bai4        
#djf ,mutual v4 ,rob9son1 #ai ,u4 ,s4   
,app41 #bff2 ,/ate v4 ,morgan1 #aif     
,mo41        #agg2 #ie ,s4 ,w41 #djb4   
#djg ,katz] v4 ,city1 #ajd ,wis41 #af2  
#gi ,n4 ,w41 #gde2 #hj ,n4 ,w41 #da4    
#djh ,vasconcellos v4 ,f]r>ia1 #bg      
,ill41 #bcg4      #dji ,foley v4        
,brocksmit1 #aai ,ia41 #deg2 #ic ,n4    
,w41 #cdd2 #ig ,am4 ,/4 ,r41 #cbd2      
#fj ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #ega2 #ah ,cyc1 #dcg-i4
      #daj ,h>riman v4 ,fir/1 #fc ,ga41 
#ahf4      #daa ,me?odi/ v4 ,%]man1 #cf 
,wis41 #djd4      #dab ,/4 ,patrick's v4
 ,daly1 #aaf ,ill41 #gf2 #d ,n4 ,e41    

#bda4      #dac ,eag] v4 ,inhabitants1  
#aj ,mass41 #dcj4      #dad ,b>nes v4   
,p]r9e1 #i ,b>b41 ,n4 ,y41 #bjb2 ,%eehy 
v4 ,blake1 #gg ,wis41        #cid2 #df  
,n4 ,w41 #ecg2 #fi ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #bee2   
,cutl] v4 ,?omas1 #be ,vt41 #ac2        
,all5 v4 ,m4 ,e4 ,*ur*1 #abg ,ia41 #if2 
#ajb ,n4 ,w41 #hjh2 #fi ,l4 ,r4 ,a41    
#bee        ,note4      #dae #i ,cyc1   
#cca4      #daf #de ,c5t4 ,dig41 #g4    
#dag #de ,c5t4 ,dig41 #ch4      #dah #de
 ,c5t4 ,dig41 #ad4      #dai #de ,c5t4  
,dig41 #a-ed2 ,am4  ,eng4 ,ency4 ( ,law1
 8,subscriptions40      #dbj ,legal     
,maxims1 ,broom1 #gde2 ,hodges v4       
,nalty1 #ajd ,wis41 #dfd2 #hj ,n4 ,w41  
#gbf4      #dba ,hodges v4 ,nalty1 #aac 
,wis41 #eeg2 #hi ,n4 ,w41 #ece2 ,hodges 
v4 ,o',bri51        #aac ,wis41 #ig2 #hh
 ,n4 ,w41 #ija4      #dbb ,b>nes v4     
,p]9e1 #i ,b>41 ,n4 ,y41 #bjb4      #dbc
 ,macon v4 ,%ep>d1 #b ,humphrey1 ,t5n41 
#cce4      #dbd ,o',he> v4 ,de          
,goesbri&1 #cc ,vt41 #eic2 #hj ,am4     
,dec41 #ffb4      #dbe ,bates v4        

,sp]rell1 #aj ,mass41 #cbc2 ,hodges v4  
,gre51 #bh ,vt41 #ceh2        ,pres4 v4 
,&rus1 #ba ,n4 ,j4 ,l41 #bbe4      #dbf 
,*ur* v4 ,wells1 #bd ,pa41 #bdi4        
#dbg ,o',he> v4 ,de ,goesbri&1 #cc ,vt41
 #eic2 #hj ,am4 ,dec41 #ffb4      #dbh  
,proprietors v4 ,roswell1 #ff ,me41     
#djj2 ,sohi] v4 ,tr9ity1 #aji ,mass41   
#a2 ,aylw>d v4 ,o',bri51 #afj ,mass41   
#aah2 #ce ,n4 ,e41 #cac2 #bb ,l4 ,r4    
,a41        #bjf4      #dbi ,aylw>d v4  
,o',bri51 #afj ,mass41 #aah2 #ce ,n4    
,e41 #cac2 #bb ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #bjf2       
,o',he> v4 ,de ,goesbri&1 #cc ,vt41     
#eic2 #hj ,am4 ,dec41 #ffb4      #dcj   
,smi? v4 ,bonh(f1 #b ,mi*41 #aae4       
#dca ,vorhees v4 ,presbyt]ian1 #h ,b>b41
 #ace4      #dcb ,price v4 ,lyon1 #ad   
,conn41 #bhj4      #dcc ,bapti/ v4      
,)]ell1 #c ,paige1 ,n4 ,y41 #bif2 #bd   
,am4 ,dec41 #bbc4      #dcd ,p]r9 v4    
,grang]1 #cc ,vt41 #aja4      #dce ,fr5*
 v4 ,old1 #ajf ,mass41 #dgi4      #dcf  
,curry v4 ,fir/1 #b ,pittsburg1 #aje4   
#dcg ,succession ( ,gambla1 #bc ,la4    

,ann41 #i4      #dch ,fir/ v4 ,braydon1 
#ia ,mass41 #bdh4      #dci ,d[ns v4    
,b[do91 #adi ,mass41 #ace2 #ba ,n4 ,e41 
#bid4      #ddj ,tru/ees v4 ,quack5bu%1 
#aj ,johnson1 #bag4      #dda ,kellogg  
v4 ,dick5son1 #ah ,vt41 #bff4      #ddb 
,jackson v4 ,r\nsville1 #e ,metcalf1    
,mass41 #abg4      #ddc ,murray v4      
,c>gill1 #cb ,me41 #eag2 ,gay v4 ,bak]1 
#ag ,mass41 #dce2 ,%aw v4               
,bev]idge1 #c ,hill1 ,n4 ,y41 #bf2 ,p]r9
 v4 ,grang]1 #cc ,vt41 #aja4      #ddd  
,vanhorn v4 ,tailmadge1 #h ,n4 ,j4 ,eq41
 #ajh4      #dde ,fassett v4 ,boyl/on1  
#ai ,pick]+1 ,mass41 #cfa4      #ddf    
,kimball v4 ,r[ley1 #bd ,pick]+1 ,mass41
 #cdg4      #ddg ,aylw>d v4 ,o',bri51   
#afj ,mass41 #aah2 #ce ,n4 ,e41 #cac2   
#bb ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #bjf2        ,van ,h\t5
 v4 ,tru/ees1 #ag ,n4 ,j4 ,eq41 #abf4   
#ddh ,h[>d v4 ,/ev5s1 #dg ,vt41 #bfb4   
#ddi ,/odd>d v4 ,ve/ry1 #b ,gill4  ,j41 
,md41 #bbg4      #dej ,city v4          
,mc,intyre1 #h ,rob41 ,la41 #dfg4       
#dea ,s>g5t v4 ,pi]ce1 #dc ,mass41 #hj4 

#deb ,p]r9 v4 ,lev]ett1 #ac ,mass41     
#abh4      #dec ,cr[ley v4 ,mill]1 #ai  
,n4 ,y4 ,weekly ,dig41 #bfb4      #ded  
,%eldon v4 ,vail1 #bh ,hun41 #ced4      
#dee ,price v4 ,lyons1 #ad ,conn41 #bhj4
      #def ,p]r9 v4 ,grang]1 #cc ,vt41  
#aja4      #deg ,commonweal? v4 ,ca91 #e
 ,srg4  ,r41 ,pa41 #eaj4      #deh ,9 re
 ,bullock1 #f ,dem4 ,sur41 #cce2 ,heiss 
v4 ,murphy1 #dj ,wis41 #bgf2 ,ru?       
v4 ,ob]brunn]1 #dj ,wis41 #bch4         
#dei ,ru? v4 ,ob]brunn]1 #dj ,wis41     
#bch2 ,goesele v4 ,bimel]1 #ee ,u4 ,s41 
#ehi2 #ad ,l4 ,ed41 #eed2 ,van ,h\t5 v4 
,tru/ees1 #ag ,n4 ,j4 ,eq41 #abf4       
#dfj ,w9nepesaukee v4 ,gordon1 #fc ,n4  
,h41 #eje2 #c ,at41 #dbf4      #dfa     
,be!l v4 ,c>mack1 #b ,md41 ,*41 #adc2   
,t>t> v4 ,gibbs1 #bd ,md41 #cbc4        
#dfb ,lyn* v4 ,pfeiff]1 #aaj ,n4 ,y41   
#cc2 #ag ,n4 ,e41 #djb4      #dfc ,enos 
v4 ,*e/nut1 #hh ,ill41 #eij4      #dfd  
,walwra? v4 ,camel1 #bh ,mi*41 #aaa4    
#dfe ,h>p5d+ v4 ,re=m$1 #da ,u4 ,s41    
#dee2 #aj ,l4 ,ed41 #ajbi4      #dff    

,inhabitants v4 ,ca?olics1 #dj ,mass41  
#aci2 ,p v4 ,tr9ity1 #bb ,n4        ,y41
 #dd4      #dfg ,lyn* v4 ,pfeiff]1 #aaj 
,n4 ,y41 #cc2 #ag ,n4 ,e41 #djb2        
,eggle/on v4        ,doolittle1 #cc     
,conn41 #cif4      #dfh ,toml9 v4       
,blunt1 #ca ,ill4 ,app41 #bcd4      #dfi
 ,c5t5>y v4 ,p>k]1 #dc ,n4 ,j4 ,eq41    
#cjg2 #ab ,at41 #adb4      #dgj         
,levasseur v4 ,m>t91 #aa ,la4 ,ann41    
#fhd4      #dga ,o',donnell v4 ,hold51  
#ba ,weekly ,law ,bullet91 #bed4        
#dgb ,walwra? v4 ,camel1 #bh ,mi*41     
#aaa4      #dgc ,fitzpatrick v4         
,fitzg]ald1 #gi ,mass41 #djj4      #dgd 
,hubb>d v4 ,g]man1 #cd ,ia41 #ca4       
#dge ,9 re ,fir/1 #ajf ,n4 ,y41 #bea2   
#ab ,n4 ,e41 #fbf2 ,wiswell v4 ,fir/1   
#ad        ,ohio ,/41 #ca4      #dgf    
,scott v4 ,fir/1 #ej ,mi*41 #ebh2 #ae   
,n4 ,w41 #hia4      #dgg ,9 re ,fir/1   
#ajf ,n4 ,y41 #bea2 #ab ,n4 ,e41 #fbf4  
#dgh ,katz] v4 ,city ( ,milwaukee1 #ajd 
,wis41 #af2 #gi ,n4 ,w41 #gde2 #hj ,n4  
,w41        #da4      #dgi ,beck) v4 ,/4

 ,phillip's ,p>i%1 #fi ,ga41 #efd4      
#dhj ,mill] v4 ,*itt5d51 #b ,ia41 #cae2 
#d ,ia41 #beb2 ,s*5ectady v4 ,ve$]1     
#d ,w5dell1 ,n4 ,y41 #did4      #dha ,/4
 ,patrick's v4 ,daly1 #aaf ,ill41 #gf4  
#dhb ,nobilli v4 ,r$man1 #f ,cal41 #cbe4
      #dhc ,san ,antonio v4 ,od91 #ae   
,tex41 #eci4      #dhd ,blair v4 ,od91  
#c ,tex41 #bhh4      #dhe ,heiss v4     
,vosburg1 #ei ,wis41 #ecb2 #ah ,n4 ,w41 
#dfc4      #dhf ,santillan v4 ,moses1 #a
 ,cal41 #ib4      #dhg ,heiss v4        
,murphy1 #dj ,wis41 #bgf4      #dhh     
,rob]tson v4 ,bullions1 #aa ,n4 ,y41    
#bdc4      #dhi ,h5nessey v4 ,wal%1 #ee 
,n4 ,h41 #eae4      #dij ,pawlet v4     
,cl>ke1 #ac ,u4 ,s41 #bib2 #c ,l4 ,ed41 
#gce4      #dia ,*eev] v4 ,pi]son1 #cc  
,mass41 #bff4      #dib ,ami% v4        
,gelhaus1 #ga ,ia41 #agj2 #cb ,n4 ,w41  
#cah4      #dic ,cu%man v4 ,*ur*1 #afb  
,pa41 #bhj2 #bi ,at41 #dgb4      #did   
,kul9sky v4 ,dambr[ski1 #bi ,wis41 #aji4
      #die ,re$ v4 ,*ur*1 #f ,pa4 ,co4  
,ct41 #gf4      #dif ,fulbright v4      

,higg5bo?am1 #acc ,mo41 #ffh2 #cd ,s4   
,w41 #hge2 ,p v4        ,runkel1 #i     
,johnson1 #adg2 ,c5tral v4 ,patt]son1   
#cj ,n4 ,y4 ,supp41 #bdh2        ,unang/
 v4 ,%ortz1 #e ,horton1 ,pa41 #ejf4     
#dig ,b[d5 v4 ,mac,leod1 #a ,edw41 ,n4  
,y41 #ehh2 ,gable v4 ,mill]1 #aj ,paige1
 ,n4        ,y41 #fbg2 ,wilson v4       
,johns1 #b ,ri*41 ,s4 ,c41 ,eq41 #aib2  
,f]r>ia v4        ,vasconcellos1 #ca    
,ill41 #be4      #dih ,antones v4       
,eslava's heirs1 #i ,port41 #ebg4       
#dii ,f]r>ia v4 ,vasconcellos1 #ca      
,ill41 #be2 ,brunn5mey] v4 ,buhre1 #cb  
,ill41 #ahc4      #ejj ,organ v4 ,sea=d1
 #a ,dev41 ,n4 ,c4 ,eq41 #dec2 ,po/     
#bij1 #cai4      #eja ,gram v4 ,prussia1
 #cf ,n4 ,y41 #afa2 ,re=m$ v4 ,drap]1   
#ig ,mass41 #cdi4      #ejb ,do*kus v4  
,li?uanian1 #bjf ,pa41 #be2 #ee ,at41   
#ggi4      #ejc ,burke v4 ,wall1 #bi    
,la4 ,ann41 #ch4      #ejd ,?ompson v4  
,we/1 #ei ,neb41 #fgg2 #hb ,n4 ,w41 #ac2
 #di ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #ccg4      #eje       
,morgan v4 ,leslie1 ,wright1 ,o41 #add4 

#ejf ,consi/ory v4 ,br&[1 #eb ,b>b41 ,n4
 ,y41 #bbh4      #ejg ,grisson v4 ,hill1
 #ag ,ark41 #dhc4      #ejh ,scott v4   
,/ipe1 #ab ,ind41 #gd2 ,mills v4        
,davison1 #ed ,n4 ,j4 ,eq41 #fei2 #ce   
,at41 #ajgb2 #ce ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #aac4     
#eji ,appeal ( ,tapp51 #eb ,conn41 #dab4
      #eaj ,neely v4 ,hosk9s1 #hd ,me41 
#chf2 #bd ,at41 #hhb4      #eaa ,second 
v4 ,dugan1 #fe ,md41 #dfj2 #e ,at41     
#dae4      #eab ,craig v4 ,inhabitants1 
#eh ,me41 #dgi4      #eac ,beck) v4 ,/4 
,phillip's ,*ur*1 #fh ,ga41 #efd4       
#ead ,mannix v4 ,purcell1 #df ,ohio ,/41
 #ajb2 #ai ,n4 ,e41 #egb2 #b ,l4 ,r4    
,a41 #gec4      #eae ,drap] v4 ,m9or1   
#cf ,mo41 #bij4      #eaf ,burton's     
,appeal1 #eg ,pa4 ,/41 #bac4      #eag  
,smi? v4 ,p$igo1 #ade ,ind41 #cfa2 #cc  
,n4 ,e41 #ggg2 #dd ,n4 ,e41 #cfc2 #cb   
,l4        ,r4 ,a41 #hch4      #eah     
,free ,*4 ( ,scotl& v4 ,ov]ton1 ,appeal 
,cases1 ,h\se ( ,lords1 #aijd2          
,mc,ginnis v4 ,watson1 #da ,pa4 ,/41 #i2
 ,ante1 #bgh4      #eai ,fir/ v4 ,rauss1

 #ba ,conn41 #afj2 ,watson v4 ,jones1   
#ac ,wallace1 #fgi2 #bj        ,l4 ,ed41
 #fff4      #ebj ,app4 v4 ,lu!ran1 #f   
,pa4 ,/41 #bja4      #eba ,kell] v4     
,tracy1 #aa ,ia41 #ecj2 ,happy v4       
,morton1 #cc ,ill41 #cih2 ,leftwig      
v4 ,?ornton1 #ah ,ia41 #ef4      #ebb   
,watson v4 ,jones1 #ac ,wallace1 #fgi2  
#bj ,l4 ,ed41 #fff4      #ebc ,dolan v4 
,mayor1 #d ,gill41 ,md41 #cid4      #ebd
 ,goode v4 ,mc,pherson1 #ea ,mo41 #abf4 
#ebe ,olcott v4 ,gab]t1 #hf ,tex41 #aba2
 #bc ,s4 ,w41 #ihe4      #ebf ,/rong v4 
,doty1 #cb ,wis41 #cha4      #ebg       
,fadness v4 ,braunburg1 #gc ,wis41 #beg2
 #da ,n4 ,w41 #hd4      #ebh ,weld v4   
,may1 #i ,cu%+1 ,mass41 #aha4      #ebi 
,field v4 ,field1 #i ,w5dell1 ,n4 ,y41  
#cid2 ,/okes v4 ,dale1 #ad ,n4 ,y41     
#ija4      #ecj ,h5drickson v4 ,%otwell1
 #a ,n4 ,j4 ,eq41 #egg2 ,calk9s v4      
,*5ey1 #ib        ,ill41 #dfc2 ,p>k v4  
,*apla91 #if ,ia41 #ee2 #fd ,n4 ,w41    
#fgd4      #eca ,bee* v4 ,all51 #g      
,hun41 #dda4      #ecb ,ca?olic v4      

,gibbons1 #c ,weekly ,law ,bullet91     
#eha4      #ecc ,lyons v4 ,plant]s1 #hf 
,ga41 #dhe4      #ecd ,african v4 ,duru1
 #ai ,la4 ,ann41 #cjb2 ,h>risburg v4    
,wa%burn1 #bi        ,oregon1 #aej2 #dd 
,pac41 #cij4      #ece ,lynn v4 ,c>son1 
#cb ,grat41 ,va41 #agj4      #ecf       
,proprietor v4 ,butl]1 #ef ,mass41 #eig4
      #ecg ,de,ruyter v4 ,/4 ,pet]'s1 #c
 ,n4 ,y41 #bch4      #ech ,p]rian v4    
,me?odi/1 #d ,abbot's ,pr41 ,n4 ,y41    
#dbd2 ,unang/ v4 ,%ortz1        #e      
,horton1 ,pa4 ,/41 #ejf2 ,tru/ees v4    
,hoessli1 #ac ,wis41 #cdh4      #eci    
,mill] v4 ,*itt5d51 #b ,ia41 #cae2 ,*ur*
 v4 ,grace1 #fh ,n4 ,y41 #egj2          
,gilm] v4 ,/one1 #abj ,u4 ,s41 #ehf2 #cj
 ,l4 ,ed41 #gcd2 ,k9ney v4 ,k9ney's     
,executors1 #hf ,ky41 #faj2 #f ,s4 ,w41 
#eic4      #edj ,/4 ,pet]'s v4 ,g]man1  
#ajd ,ill41 #ddj4      #eda ,k9ney v4   
,k9ney's ,executors1 #hf ,ky41 #faj2 #f 
,s4 ,w41 #eic4      #edb ,tru/ees v4    
,mann+1 #gb ,md41 #aaf2 #ai ,at41 #eii4 
#edc ,morgan v4 ,leslie1 ,wright1 #add4 

#edd ,u4 ,s4 v4 ,*ur*1 #e ,utah1 #cfa2  
#ae ,pac41 #dgc4      #ede ,9 re        
,ticknor's e/ate1 #ac ,mi*41 #dd2 ,levy 
v4 ,levy1 #cc ,n4 ,y41 #ig4      #edf   
,tru/ees v4 ,hilk91 #hd ,md41 #agj2 #ce 
,at41 #i4      #edg ,ham%] v4 ,ham%]1   
#acb ,ill41 #bgc2 #bc ,n4 ,e41 #aabc2 #h
 ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #eef4      #edh ,hanson v4
 ,little ,si/]s1 #gi ,md41 #dcd2 #cb    
,at41 #ajeb2 ,jones v4        ,hab]%am1 
#ajg ,u4 ,s41 #agd2 #bg ,l4 ,ed41 #dja4 
#edi ,*ur* v4 ,grace1 #fh ,n4 ,y41 #egj4
      #eej ,t>t> v4 ,gibbs1 #bd ,md41   
#cbc4      #eea ,tr9it>ian v4 ,union1   
#fa ,n4 ,h41 #chd4      #eeb ,smi? v4   
,p$igo1 #ade ,ind41 #cfa2 #dd ,n4 ,e41  
#cfc2 #cb ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #hch4      #eec  
,mill] v4 ,engli%1 #ba ,n4 ,j4 ,l41     
#cag4      #eed ,petot v4 ,tuck]1 #ba   
,n4 ,y41 #bfg4      #eee ,ludlam v4     
,higbee1 #aa ,n4 ,j4 ,eq41 #cdb4        
#eef ,happy v4 ,morton1 #cc ,ill41 #cih4
      #eeg ,sutor v4 ,spangl]1 #d       
,phil41 #cca4      #eeh ,scott v4 ,/ipe1
 #ab ,ind41 #gd4      #eei ,commonweal? 

v4 ,d\gh]ty1 #ajg ,mass41 #bdc4         
#efj ,9 re ,wright's e/ate1 ,myr4       
,prob41 #bac ,cal4      #efa ,gre5 v4   
,d5nis1 #f ,conn41 #bic2 ,f]guson v4    
,h$ges1 #a ,h>r41 #ebd4      #efb       
,murphy v4 ,dallam1 #a ,bl&1 #ebi4      
#efc ,fe/orazzi v4 ,/4 ,joseph's1 #ajd  
,ala41 #cbg2 #ah ,s41 #cid2 #be ,l4 ,r4 
,a41        #cfj2 ,ex p>te ,s*ul]1 #acd 
,mass41 #dcf2 ,seib]'s ,appeal1 #i ,at41
 ,pa41        #hfc2 ,holl& v4 ,alcock1  
#ajh ,n4 ,y41 #cab2 #af ,n4 ,e41 #cje4  
#efd ,fe/orazzi v4 ,/4 ,joseph's1 #ajd  
,ala41 #cbg2 #ah ,s41 #cid2 #be ,l4 ,r4 
,a41        #cfj4      #efe ,mc,hugh v4 
,mc,cole1 #ig ,wis41 #aff2 #gb ,n4 ,w41 
#ceb4      #eff ,wilson v4 ,p]ry1 #bi   
,w4 ,va41 #afi2 #a ,s4 ,e41 #cjb4       
#efg ,jones v4 ,hab]%am1 #ajg ,u4 ,s41  
#agd2 #bg ,l4 ,ed41 #dja4      #efh     
,good v4 ,zook1 #aaf ,ia41 #ehb2 #hh ,n4
 ,w41 #cgf4      #efi ,tru/ees v4       
,/urgeon1 #i ,pa4 ,/41 #cba4      #egj  
,scott v4 ,curle1 #i ,b4 ,mon41 #ag2    
,ante1 #bgh1 #bij4      #ega ,9 re      

,paulson's w1 #abg ,wis41 #fab2 #ajg ,n4
 ,w41 #dhd4      #egb ,rob]tson v4      
,bullions1 #aa ,n4 ,y41 #bdc4      #egc 
#fb ,c54 ,l4 ,j41 #afg4      #egd ,ould 
v4 ,wa%+ton1 #ie ,u4 ,s41 #cjc2 #bd ,l4 
,ed41 #dej4      #ege ,jones v4         
,hab]%am1 #ajg ,u4 ,s41 #agd2 #bg ,l4   
,ed41 #dja4      #egf ,d>cy v4 ,kelley1 
#aec ,mass41 #dcc2 #bf ,n4 ,e41 #aaaj4  
#egg ,bronson v4 ,/r\se1 #eg ,conn41    
#adg2 #ag ,at41 #fii4      #egh ,ti*5or 
v4 ,brew]'s1 #ih ,ky41 #cdi2 #cc ,s4    
,w41 #hf4      #egi ,bank] v4 ,phelan1  
#d ,b>b41 #hj4      #ehj ,b[]s v4       
,fromm1 ,add41 ,pa41 #cfb4      #eha    
,g]mania v4 ,baltes1 #aac ,ill41 #bi4   
#ehb ,mc,donald v4 ,%aw1 #ih ,s4 ,w41   
#ieb4      #ehc ,beaty v4 ,kurtz1 #bg   
,u4 ,s41 #eff2 #g ,l4 ,ed41 #eba4       
#ehd ,heiss v4 ,murphy1 #dj ,wis41 #bgf2
 ,fadness v4 ,braunburg1 #gc ,wis41     
#beg2        #da ,n4 ,w41 #hd4      #ehe
 ,coe v4 ,wa%+ton1 #adi ,mass41 #edc2   
#ba ,n4 ,e41 #iff4      #ehf ,cl>k v4   
,br[n1 #ajh ,s4 ,w41 #dba1 ,tex4        

#ehg ,p>k] v4 ,qu9n1 #bc ,utah1 #ccb2   
#fd ,pac41 #ifa4      #ehh ,all ,sa9ts  
v4 ,brookl9e1 #ei ,n4 ,e41 #ajjc1 ,mass4
      #ehi ,gre5 v4 ,outagamie1 #gf     
,wis41 #ehg2 #de ,n4 ,w41 #ecf4         
#eij ,katz] v4 ,city1 #ajd ,wis41 #af2  
#hj ,n4 ,w41 #da4      #eia ,/4 ,joseph 
,hospital v4 ,a%l&1 #if ,wis41 #fcf2 #gb
 ,n4 ,w41 #dc4      #eib ,ramsey v4     
,*ur*1 #de ,m9n41 #bbi2 #dg ,n4 ,w41    
#ghc4      #eic ,gray v4 ,lafayette1 #fe
 ,wis41 #efg2 #bg ,n4 ,w41 #caa4        
#eid ,newport v4 ,masonic1 #ajh ,ky41   
#ccc2 #ef ,s4 ,w41 #dje2 #di ,l4 ,r4    
,a41 #beb4      #eie ,tru/ees v4 ,city1 
#abb ,wis41 #deb2 #ajj ,n4 ,w41 #hcg4   
#eif ,dahl v4 ,kimball1 #f ,me41 #aga4  
#eig ,turn] v4 ,inhabitants1 #af ,mass41
 #bjh2 ,goodell ,mfg4 ,co4 v4 ,trask1   
#bh        ,mass41 #ead4      #eih      
,muzzy v4 ,wilk9s1 ,smi?1 #a2 ,ebau v4  
,h5dell1 #e ,watts1 #dc2 #cj ,am4       
,dec41 #bia4      #eii ,mill] v4 ,bo>d1 
#ai ,ill4 ,app41 #dh2 ,municipality (   
,ponce v4 ,r4 ,c4 ,a4        ,*41 #bh   

,sup4 ,ct4 ,r41 #gcg2 ,reub5 ,quick-,be>
 v4 ,leupp1 #bh ,sup4 ,ct4              
,repr41 #fij2 ,dorn] v4 ,di/41 #aah ,n4 
,w41 #cec4      #fjj #ec ,c54 ,l4 ,j41  
#bbd4      #fja ,hewitt v4 ,woman's1 #gc
 ,n4 ,h41 #eef2 #fd ,at41 #aij4         
#fjb ,coll9s v4 ,new ,york1 #fi ,n4 ,y4 
,supp41 #ajf4      #fjc ,l\isville v4   
,hammock1 #ajf ,s4 ,w41 ,ky41 #bai2 #ad 
,l4 ,r4 ,a41 ,n4 ,s41 #ghd4      #fjd   
,indianapolis v4 ,grant1 #be ,ind41     
#eah4      #fje ,newport v4 ,masonic1   
#ajh ,ky41 #ccc2 #ef ,s4 ,w41 #dje2 #di 
,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #beb4      #fjf ,mc,gee v4 
,g]man1 #ac ,n4 ,j4 ,eq41 #gg4      #fjg
 ,mill] v4 ,l]*1 ,wall4 ,jr41 ,pa41     
#baj4      #fjh ,/4 ,m>y's ,indu/rial   
,s*ool = ,boys v4 ,br[n1 #de ,md41 #caj4
      #fji ,:ite v4 ,price1 #ajh ,n4    
,y41 #ffa2 #ae ,n4 ,e41 #dbg4      #faj 
,sec4 #e1 ,ky4 ,con/itution2 ,contra3   
,n4 ,h4 ,con/itution1 art4 #f4      #faa
 ,donahue v4 ,ri*>ds1 #ch ,me41 #cgf2   
,/ate v4 ,baily1 #aeg ,ind41 #cbd2 #fa  
,n4 ,e41 #gcj2 #ed ,c54 ,l4 ,j41 #adb4  

#fab ,/4 ,patrick's v4 ,ro*e/]1 #cd ,h[4
 ,pr41 #bbg4      #fac ,p v4 ,bo>d1 #ac 
,b>b41 ,n4 ,y41 #djj4      #fad ,synod  
v4 ,/ate1 #b ,s4 ,dak41 #cff2 #ej ,n4   
,w41 #fcb2 #ad ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #dah4       
#fae ,/ate v4 ,hallock1 #af ,nev41 #cgc2
 ,dorn] v4 ,s*ool ,di/41 #aah ,n4 ,w41  
,wis41 #cec 7,nov4 #bg1 #aijh74         
#faf ,j5k9s v4 ,&ov]1 #ajc ,mass41 #id4 
#fag ,mill>d v4 ,bo>d1 #aba ,ill41 #big2
 #aj ,n4 ,e41 #ffi2 ,dorn] v4 ,s*ool    
,di/41 #aah ,n4 ,w41 ,wis41 #cec4       
#fah ,*ur* v4 ,bullock1 #ajj ,s4 ,w41   
,tex41 #ajbe2 ,donahue v4 ,ri*>ds1 #ch  
,me41 #cgi2 #ef ,c4 ,l4 ,j41 #ha4       
#fai ,/ate v4 ,bo>d1 #gf ,wis41 #agg2   
#dd ,n4 ,w41 #ifg2 #g ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #ccj2
 #ec ,am4        ,r41 #bhb2 #ad ,l4 ,r4 
,a41 #dai2 ,dorn] v4 ,s*ool ,di/41 #aah 
,n4 ,w41 ,wis41        #cec 7,nov4 #bg1 
#aijh74      #fbj ,bill>d v4 ,bo>d1 #fi 
,kan41 #ec2 #gf ,pac41 #dbb2 #ff ,l4 ,r4
 ,a41 #aff4      #fba ,/ev5son v4       
,hanyon1 #g ,pa4 ,co4 ,ct41 #ehe2 ,/ate 
v4 ,bo>d1 #gf ,wis41        #agg2 #dd   

,n4 ,w41 #ifg2 #g ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #ccj2    
,/ate v4 ,s*eve1 #fe ,neb41 #hec2       
#ia ,n4 ,w41 #hdf2 #ei ,l4 ,r4 ,a41     
#ibg4      #fbb ,dorn] v4 ,s*ool        
,di/rict1 #aah ,n4 ,w41 ,wis41 #cec     
7,nov4 #bg1 #aijh72        ,c\nty v4    
,indu/rial ,s*ool1 #abe ,ill41 #edj2 #ah
 ,n4 ,e41 #ahc2 #a ,l4 ,r4        ,a41  
#dcg2 #h ,am4 ,/4 ,rep41 #chf2          
,o',connor v4 ,h5drick1 #ahd ,n4 ,y41   
#dba2        #gg ,n4 ,e41 #fab4         
#fbc ,bo>d v4 ,m9or1 #bc ,ohio1 #bej2   
,campanas v4 ,cald]head1 #ag ,mont41    
#edh2        #dd ,pac41 #hc2 #cf ,l4 ,r4
 ,a41 #bgg4      #fbd ,spill] v4        
,woburn1 #ab ,all51 ,mass41 #abg4       
#fbe ,s*ool ,commission]s v4 ,/ate      
,bo>d1 #bf ,md41 #eje4      #fbf        
,donahue v4 ,ri*>ds1 #ch ,me41 #cgi2 #ef
 ,c54 ,l4 ,j41 #ha4      #fbg ,sc(ield  
v4 ,/ate1 #bg ,conn41 #dii4      #fbh   
,s*ool v4 ,arnold1 #ba ,wis41 #feg4     
#fbi ,%]man v4 ,*>le/on1 #h ,cu%+1      
,mass41 #afj2 ,/ate v4 ,bo>d1 #aaf ,n4  
,w41 #bcb2 #fg ,c54 ,l4 ,j41 #bda4      

#fcj ,gu]nsey v4 ,pitk91 #cb ,vt41 #bbd4
      #fca ,wood v4 ,morr[1 #ce ,wis41  
#ei4      #fcb ,&]son v4 ,/ate1 #c      
,head1 ,t5n41 #dee4      #fcc ,l&] v4   
,seav]1 #cb ,vt41 #aad4      #fcd ,/ev5s
 v4 ,fassett1 #bg ,me41 #bff4      #fce 
,drap] v4 ,cambridge1 #bj ,ind41 #bfh4  
#fcf ,lane v4 ,bak]1 #ab ,ohio ,/41     
#bcg2 ,/ate v4 ,city1 #ai ,ohio1 #agh2  
,van        ,camp v4 ,bo>d1 #i ,ohio    
,/41 #djf4      #fcg ,ex p>te ,plessy1  
#de ,la4 ,ann41 #hj2 #aa ,s41 #idh2 #af 
,sup4 ,ct4 ,r41 #aach2        #afc ,u4  
,s41 #ecg2 #da ,l4 ,ed41 #bef2 #ah ,l4  
,r4 ,a41 #fci4      #fch ,/ate v4 ,s*ool
 ,directors1 #aj ,ohio ,/41 #ddh4       
#fci ,jackson v4 ,hampd51 #af ,me41     
#ahd4      #fdj ,m>kwell v4 ,p]eles1 #ie
 ,wis41 #djf & #dbd2 #fi ,n4 ,w41 #gih &
 #ihd4      #fda ,p]ry v4 ,/ate1 #aac   
,ga41 #icf2 #ci ,s4 ,e41 #cae4      #fdb
 ,aycock v4 ,h>r+ton1 #hd ,miss41 #bjd2 
#cf ,s41 #bde2 #fe ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #fhi4   
#fdc ,wright v4 ,b5nett1 #g ,ill41 #ehg4
      #fdd ,graham v4 ,b5nett1 #b ,cal41

 #ejc4      #fde ,/ate v4 ,h>ris1 #fc   
,n4 ,c41 #a4      #fdf ,rex4 v4 ,canon1 
#g ,c>4 & ,p41 #dch4      #fdg ,rex4 v4 
,griff51 #f ,cox4 ,c4 ,c41 #djb4        
#fdh ,f4 v4 ,f41 #a ,*4 7#aijb71 #fhh4  
#fdi ,9 re ,jacques1 #hb ,n4 ,y4 ,sup41 
#ihf4      #fej ,9 re ,m>%all1 #cc ,n4  
,y4 ,s41 #ajd4      #fea ,k5n$y v4      
,borah1 #bbf ,ill41 #bdc2 #hj ,n4 ,e41  
#gfg4      #feb ,prieto v4 ,alphonso1   
#eb ,la4 ,ann41 #fca2 #bg ,s41 #aec4    
#fec ,cl>kson v4 ,hatton1 #adc ,mo41    
#dg2 #dd ,s4 ,w41 #gfa2 #fe ,am4 ,/4    
,r41 #fce2        ,matt] ( ,johnson1 #ih
 ,cal41 #eca2 #cc ,pac41 #bfj2 #ba ,l4  
,r4 ,a41 #chj2        ,s*litz v4        
,ro5itz1 #hf ,wis41 #ca2 #ef ,n4 ,w41   
#aid2 #ci ,am4 ,/4 ,r41 #hgc2        #ba
 ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #dhb2 ,m>kwell v4 ,p]eles1
 #ie ,wis41 #djf2 #fi ,n4 ,w41 #gih2    
#fg ,c54 ,l4 ,j41 #aig4      #fed       
,elliott v4 ,elliott1 #gg ,wis41 #fcd2  
#df ,n4 ,w41 #hjf2 #eg ,l4 ,r4 ,a41     
#aee2        #aj ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #efh4     
#fee ,cole v4 ,/ate1 #ge ,s4 ,w41 #ebg2 

#de ,tex42 ,cr4 ,app41 #bbe2 #eg ,c54   
,l4 ,j41        #cda4      #fef ,mutt]  
v4 ,s5ibbs1 #gi ,n4 ,e41 #gfb1 ,mass4   
#feg ,commonweal? v4 ,mc,afee1 #ajh     
,mass41 #deh4      #feh ,tuttle v4      
,sutts1 #if ,pac41 #bfj4      #fei      
,gleason v4 ,gleason1 #d ,wis41 #fd2 #ad
 ,cyc1 #hdf4      #ffj #cb ,/4 ,at4 ,l41
 #fcf & #fde4      #ffa ,*ap4 #adjb1 ,u4
 ,s4 ,laws ( #aijd4      #ffb           
,quick-,be> v4 ,leupp1 #bh ,sup4 ,ct4   
,rep41 #fij 7#aijh74      #ffc ,sec4    
#bjde1 ,u4 ,s4 ,/atutes4      #ffd      
,secs4 #bjga & #bjgb1 ,u4 ,s4 ,/atutes1 
& ,*ap4 #ahh1 ,laws ( #ahie4      #ffe  
#bf ,/4 ,at4 ,l41 #ajad4      #fff      
,quick-,be> v4 ,leupp1 #bh ,sup4 ,ct4   
,repr41 #fij2 #bg ,/4 ,l41 #fbh & #fce4 
#ffg ,9 re ,lehah-puc-ka-*ee1 #ih ,f$41 
#dbi4      #ffh ,*ap4 #ejc1 ,laws (     
#ahhh4      #ffi ,*ap4 #c1 ,laws (      
#ahig4      #fgj #fa ,c54 ,l4 ,j41 #aja1
 #bhi2 #fb ,c54 ,l4 ,j41 #bae1 #bai4    
#fga ,mc,cann v4 ,c\nty1 #f ,mont41     
#big4      #fgb ,hubb>d v4 ,railway1    

#ajd ,wis41 #afj2 #hj ,n4 ,w41 #ded4    
#fgc ,ho*heim] on ,cu/ody ( ,infants1   
sec4 #ed2 ,p v4 ,turn]1 #ee             
,ill41 #bhj2 ,p v4 ,p>k1 #da ,n4 ,y41   
#ba1 #cc4      #fgd ,kleiz] v4 ,symes1  
#dj ,ind41 #efb2 ,et*ison v1 ,p]geson1  
#hh ,ga41 #fbj2        #ae ,s4 ,e41     
#fhj2 ,lucas v4 ,case1 #gb 7#i ,bu%7    
,ky41 #big2 ,york v4 ,pease1        #fh 
,mass41 #bhh2 ,pip] v4 ,woolman1 #dc    
,neb41 #bhj2 #fa ,n4 ,w41 #ehh2         
,o',donahue v4 ,mc,govern1 #bc ,w5dell1 
,n4 ,y41 #bf2 ,s]vatius v4 ,pi*el1      
#cd ,wis41 #bib4      #fge ,combes v4   
,rose1 #h ,blackf41 #aee2 ,s]vatius v4  
,pi*el1 #cd ,wis41 #bib2        ,et*ison
 v4 ,p]geson1 #hh ,ga41 #fbj2 #ae ,s4   
,e41 #fhj4      #fgf ,g>d5] v4 ,&]son1  
,f$4 ,case1 #ebbj2 ,rector v4 ,smi?1 #aa
 ,ia41 #cjb4      #fgg ,see             
8,excommunication10 ante4 ,s]vatius v4  
,pi*el1 #cd ,wis41 #bib2 #aa        ,l4 
,r4 ,a41 #eib4      #fgh ,%elton v4     
,nause1 #df ,ky41 #abh4      #fgi       
,fawcett v4 ,*>les1 #ac ,w5dell1 #dgc4  

#fhj #ed ,c54 ,l4 ,j41 #cac4      #fha  
,hell/]n v4 ,katz]1 #ajc ,wis41 #cia2   
#gi ,n4 ,w41 #dbi4      #fhb ,hills v4  
,/ate1 #fa ,neb41 #ehi2 #he ,n4 ,w41    
#hcf4      #fhc ,konkle v4 ,hav51 #adj  
,mi*41 #dgb2 #ajc ,n4 ,w41 #hej4        
#fhd ,klos v4 ,zahorik1 #aac ,ia41 #afa2
 #hd ,n4 ,w41 #ajdf4      #fhe ,libel & 
,sl&]1 ,t[ns5d1 secs4 #bcc1 #bcd2 #be   
,cyc1 #cij1 #cih1 #daa4      #fhf ,grace
 v4 ,dempsey1 #ge ,wis41 #cac2 #dc ,n4  
,w41 #aabg2 ,grace v4 ,mc,arthur1       
#gf ,wis41 #fda2 #de ,n4 ,w41 #eah4     
#fhg #be ,cyc1 #cij1 #cih4      #fhh #fb
 ,c54 ,l4 ,j41 #ahj4      #fhi ,libel & 
,sl&]1 ,t[ns5d1 p4 #ahb 7notes74        
#fij ,libel & ,sl&]1 ,t[ns5d1 sec4 #agg2
 #be ,cyc1 #cih2 ,edw>ds v4 ,bell1      
#h ,moore1 #dfg4      #fia ,rem+ton v4  
,congdon1 #b ,pick]+1 #cae2 ,bradley v4 
,hea?1 #ab        ,pick]+1 #afc4        
#fib ,mc,conckle v4 ,b9ns1 #e ,b9ns1    
,pa41 #cdj4      #fic ,mac,bride v4     
,allis1 #i ,ri*41 ,s4 ,c41 #cac4        
#fid ,/ate v4 ,riggs1 #bb ,vt41 #cbb4   

#fie ,commonweal? v4 ,bat*eld]1 ,?a*41  
,mass41 ,cr4 ,cas41 #aia4      #fif ,%oe
  ,l4 v4 ,?ompson1 #ah ,abbot's ,pr41   
,n4 ,y41 #dac4      #fig ,sans v4       
,jo]ris1 #ad ,wis41 #ffc4      #fih #e  
,cyc1 #gae2 8,disord]ly ,conduct10 #ad  
,cyc1 #dfg4      #fii #ad ,cyc1 #edj4   
#gjj ,williams v4 ,/ate1 #hc ,ala41 #gh2
 #c ,s41 #faf4      #gja ,hull v4 ,/ate1
 #abj ,ind41 #aec2 #bb ,n4 ,e41 #aag4   
#gjb ,hunt v4 ,/ate1 #c ,tex41 #aaf4    
#gjc ,/ate v4 ,kirby1 #ajh ,n4 ,c41     
#ggb2 #ab ,s4 ,e41 #ajde4      #gjd     
,commonweal? v4 ,sigman1 #b ,cl>k1 ,pa41
 #cf4      #gje ,/ate v4 ,wright1 #da   
,ark41 #daj2 ,tann] v4 ,/ate1 #abf ,ga41
 #gg2 #ed ,s4        ,e41 #iad4         
#gjf ,/ate v4 ,%eph]d1 #ed ,s4 ,c41     
#agh2 #cb ,s4 ,e41 #adf2 #ad ,cyc1 #dfg1
 #edj4      #gjg ,m>t9 v4 ,/ate1 #fe    
,t5n41 #bcd4      #gjh ,/ate v4         
,leighton1 #ce ,me41 #aie4      #gji    
,m>v9 v4 ,/ate1 #ai ,ind41 #aha4        
#gaj ,br[n v4 ,/ate1 #df ,ala41 #age4   
#gaa ,/ate v4 ,turkhaw1 #fi ,n4 ,c41    

#bae4      #gab ,ri*>dson v4 ,/ate1 #e  
,tex4 ,app41 #dgj4      #gac ,u4 ,s4 v4 
,brooks1 #d ,cran*1 ,c4 ,c41 #dbg4      
#gad ,p v4 ,cr[ley1 #bc ,hun41 #dab2    
,mc,lane v4 ,mallock1 #g ,ind41 #ebe4   
#gae ,k9ney v4 ,/ate1 #ch ,ala41 #bbd2  
,/ate v4 ,lusk1 #fh ,ind41 #bfd2 ,/ate  
v4        ,edw>ds1 #cb ,mo41 #edh2      
,tann] v4 ,/ate1 #abf ,ga41 #gg2 #ed ,s4
 ,e41 #iad4      #gaf ,mac,lean v4      
,mallock1 #g ,ind41 #ebe4      #gag     
,wall v4 ,lee1 #cd ,n4 ,y41 #ada4       
#gah ,mey] v4 ,bak]1 #abj ,ill41 #efg2  
#ab ,n4 ,e41 #gi2 ,commonweal? v4       
,be>se1        #acb ,mass41 #edb2 #db   
,am4 ,r41 #dej2 ,we/ v4 ,/ate1 #bh      
,t5n41 #ff2 ,cram]        v4 ,m>ks1 #fd 
,pa4 ,/41 #aea4      #gai #e ,cyc1 #gac2
 ,commonweal? v4 ,l9n1 #aeh ,pa41 #bb2  
#bg ,at41 #hdc2 #bb ,l4 ,r4        ,a41 
#cec4      #gbj ,ga9es v4 ,/ate1 #ge    
,t5n41 #daj2 ,holcombe v4 ,corni%1 #h   
,conn41 #cge2        ,bod5heim] v4      
,/ate1 #fj ,ark41 #aj2 #bh ,s4 ,w41     
#ejg4      #gba ,/ate v4 ,*&l]1 #b ,h>41

 ,del41 #eec4      #gbb ,commonweal? v4 
,kneel&1 #cg ,mass4 7#bj ,pick71 #bjf4  
#gbc ,p v4 ,ruggles1 #h ,johnson1 #bbe4 
#gbd ,/ate v4 ,*&l]1 #b ,h>r41 ,del41   
#eec4      #gbe ,/ate v4 ,pepp]1 #fh ,n4
 ,c41 #bei4      #gbf ,odell v4 ,g>nett1
 #d ,blackf41 ,ind41 #edi4      #gbg ,p 
v4 ,port]1 #b ,p>k1 ,n4 ,y4 ,cr41 #ad4  
#gbh ,/ate v4 ,*&l]1 #b ,h>r41 ,del41   
#eec2 ,commonweal? v4 ,kneel&1          
,?a*41 ,mass4 ,cr4 ,cas41 #cdf4         
#gbi ,mill] v4 ,/ate1 #gf ,ind41 #caj4  
#gcj ,petty v4 ,/ate1 #eh ,ark41 #a2 #bb
 ,s4 ,w41 #fed4      #gca ,splane v4    
,commonweal?1 #ab ,at41 ,pa41 #dca4     
#gcb ,commonweal? v4 ,keit51 #a ,monag41
 #cfh4      #gcc ,ca9 v4 ,daly1 #gd ,s4 
,c1 #dhj2 #ee ,s4 ,e41 #aaj4      #gcd  
,ex p>te ,j5tis*1 #aab ,cal41 #dfh2 #dd 
,pac41 #hjc4      #gce ,/ate v4 ,lorey1 
#ff ,t5n41 #ie4      #gcf ,/ate v4      
,kre*1 #aj ,wa%41 #aff2 #ch ,pac41      
#ajja4      #gcg ,p v4 ,hav5or1 #adi ,n4
 ,y41 #aie2 #dc ,n4 ,e41 #eda2 #c ,l4   
,r4 ,a41 #fhi2        ,/ate v4 ,dolan1  

#ac ,idaho1 #fic2 #ib ,pac41 #iie2 #ad  
,l4 ,r4 ,a41 ,n4 ,s41        #abei4     
#gch ,flag v4 ,inhabitants1 #eh ,mass41 
#bdc2 ,doyle v4 ,lynn1 #aah ,mass41     
#aie4      #gci ,hayd5 v4 ,mit*ell1 #ajc
 ,ga41 #dca2 #cj ,s4 ,e41 #bhg4         
#gdj ,ro? v4 ,hacks1 #fh ,mo4 ,app41    
#bhc4      #gda ,h(] v4 ,c[an1 #ee ,c54 
,l4 ,j41 #bij4      #gdb ,byrant v4     
,watson1 #abg ,ind41 #db2 #bf ,n4 ,e41  
#fhg2 ,all5 v4 ,duffy1 #dc        ,mi*41
 #a2 #d ,n4 ,w41 #dbg2 #aa ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 
#fc2 ,dale v4 ,knapp1 #ih ,pa41 #chi4   
#gdc ,society v4 ,commonweal?1 #eb ,pa41
 #abe2 ,p>k] v4 ,/ate1 #hd ,t5n41       
#dgf4      #gdd ,mc,cabe v4 ,fa!r       
,mat!ws1 #bd ,hun41 #adi2 ,p v4 ,"y1 #fg
 ,b>b41        #ceg4      #gde          
,philadelphia v4 ,lehman1 #ef ,md41     
#bji2 ,kro] v4 ,p1 #gh ,ill41 #bid4     
#gdf ,fox v4 ,abel1 #b ,conn41 #eda4    
#gdg ,bryant v4 ,inhabitants1 #cj ,me41 
#aic2 ,tracy v4 ,j5ks1 #cb ,mass41 #dfe4
      #gdh ,c>p5t] v4 ,crane1 #a ,root1 
,conn41 #ih4      #gdi ,judef9de v4     

,/ate1 #gh ,md41 #eaj2 #bh ,at41 #dje2  
#bb ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #gba1        note4     
#gej #ee ,c54 ,l4 ,j41 #dd2 #ef ,c54 ,l4
 ,j41 #bfa2 ,/ate v4 ,*5ewor?1 #afc     
,ind41 #id2 #ga ,n4 ,e41 #aig2 #ei ,c54 
,l4 ,j41 #bjb4      #gea ,spe$ v4       
,toml9son1 #gc ,n4 ,h41 #df2 #ei ,at41  
#cgf2 #fh ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #dcb4      #geb  
,/ate v4 ,rodg]s1 #abh ,n4 ,c41 #egf2   
#ch ,s4 ,e41 #cd4      #gec ,u4 ,s4 v4  
,moore1 #ajd ,f$41 #gh4      #ged       
,con/ant v4 ,rector1 #d ,daly1 #a4      
#gee ,fr$]ickson v4 ,w4 ,r4 ,cem4 ,ass41
 #acc ,wis41 #ejb2 #aac ,n4 ,w41 #ajbc4 
#gef #ad ,op4 ,atty-,g541 #bg2 secs4    
#dghj-dghb1 ,u4 ,s4 ,/atutes2 #af ,op4  
,atty-,g541 #ac4      #geg #bj ,/4 at   
,l41 #bha4      #geh ,sohi] v4 ,tr9ity  
,*41 #aji ,mass41 #a2 ,city v4 ,t[n1 #hb
 ,wis41 #cgd2 #eb        ,n4 ,w41 #dbe4 
#gei ,tru/ees v4 ,mann+1 #gb ,md41 #aaf2
 #ai ,at41 #eii4      #gfj ,por* v4 ,/4 
,bridget's1 #ha ,wis41 #eii2 #ea ,n4    
,w41 #ajjg4      #gfa ,9 re ,highl&1 #d 
,pa4 ,di/4 ,rep41 #fec4      #gfb       

,commonweal? v4 ,fi%]1 #g ,phil41 #bfd2 
,b\rl& v4 ,spr+dale1 #aeh        ,ill41 
#deh2 #db ,n4 ,e41 #hf4      #gfc ,city 
v4 ,watson1 #ef ,n4 ,j4 ,l41 #ffg2 #bd  
,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #hdc2 #di ,c54 ,l4 ,j41    
#cjg4      #gfd ,coates v4 ,city1 #g    
,c[an1 ,n4 ,y41 #ehe2 ,humphrey v4      
,fro/1 #aji ,n4 ,c41        #acb2 #ac   
,s4 ,e41 #gic2 ,city v4 ,au/91 #hg      
,tex41 #ccj2 #bh ,s4 ,w41 #ebh2 #dg     
,am4 ,/4 ,r41 #aad4      #gfe ,/ockton  
v4 ,city1 #db ,n4 ,j4 ,eq41 #eca2 #i    
,at41 #bjc2 ,fir/ v4 ,mey]s1 #e         
,okla41 #hai2 #ej ,pac41 #gj2 #ch ,l4   
,r4 ,a41 #cbi4      #gff ,/eams v4      
,man*e/]1 #fc ,n4 ,h41 #cij2 ,h5ry v4   
,tru/ees1 #dh ,ohio1        #fga2 #cj   
,n4 ,e41 #aabb4      #gfg ,upjohn v4    
,bo>d1 #df ,mi*41 #edb2 #i ,n4 ,w41     
#hde4      #gfh ,edw>ds v4 ,/on+ton1 #bj
 ,conn41 #dff4      #gfi ,oakl& v4 ,p1  
#ic ,tex41 #efi2 #eg ,s4 ,w41 #bg2 #ee  
,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #ejc4      #ggj ,l\isville 
v4 ,nev91 #gc ,ky41 #edi2 ,fir/ v4      
,hazel1 #fc ,neb41 #hdd2 #hi        ,n4 

,w41 #cgh4      #gga ,page v4 ,simons1  
#fc ,n4 ,h41 #ag4      #ggb ,wygant v4  
,mc,laughlin1 #ci ,or41 #dbi2 #fd ,pac41
 #hfg2 #ed ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #fcf2        #ec
 ,c54 ,l4 ,j41 #dh4      #ggc ,tru/ees  
v4 ,mann+1 #gb ,md41 #aaf2 #ai ,at41    
#eii2 ,close v4 ,gl5wood1        #ajg   
,u4 ,s41 #dff2 #b ,sup4 ,ct4 ,r41 #bfg2 
#bg ,l4 ,ed41 #djh2 ,matt] ( ,bd4 (     
,/reet ,op5+1 #acc ,n4 ,y41 #cbi2 #ca   
,n4 ,e41 #ajb2 #bh ,am4 ,/4 ,r41 #fdj2  
#af ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #ahj4      #ggd ,9 re  
,waldron1 #bf ,r4 ,i41 #hd2 #eh ,at41   
#dec2 #fg ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #aah2 ,wright    
v4 ,hollywood1 #aab ,ga41 #hhd2 #ch ,s4 
,e41 #id2 #eb ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #fba4        
#gge ,p]k9s v4 ,mass41 #ach ,mass41     
#cfa4      #ggf ,wright v4 ,hollywood1  
#aab ,ga41 #hhd2 #ch ,s4 ,e41 #id4      
#ggg ,p v4 ,tru/ees1 #ba ,hun41 #ahd2   
,mc,guire v4 ,/4 ,pat4 ,c4 ,c41 #c ,n4  
,y4        ,sup41 #gha2 ,baltimore v4   
,mann+1 #gb ,md41 #aaf2 #ai ,at41 #eii4 
#ggh ,palm] v4 ,cypress1 #abb ,n4 ,y41  
#dbi2 #be ,n4 ,e41 #ihc4      #ggi      

,cong] v4 ,weyant1 #ee ,hun41 #fje4     
#ghj ,baltimore v4 ,mann+1 #gb ,md41    
#aaf2 #ai ,at41 #eii4      #gha ,w5t v4 
,me?odi/1 #hj ,hun41 #bff2 ,adams v4    
,fir/1 #adh ,mi*41 #adj2 #aaa        ,n4
 ,w41 #geg2 #aa ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 ,n4 ,s41   
#eji4      #ghb ,lak9 v4 ,ames1 #fd     
,mass41 #aih4      #ghc ,donnelly v4    
,bo/on1 #adf ,mass41 #afc2 #ae ,n4 ,e41 
#eje4      #ghd ,rawson v4 ,s*ool1 #hi  
,mass41 #bii4      #ghe ,/4 ,johns v4   
,haans1 #ca ,pa4 ,/41 #i4      #ghf     
,dang]field v4 ,williams1 #bf ,app41 ,s4
 ,c41 #ejh4      #ghg ,silv]wood v4     
,latrobe1 #fh ,md41 #fbj2 #ac ,at41     
#afa4      #ghh ,bessim] v4 ,j5k9s1 #aaa
 ,ala41 #ace2 #ah ,s41 #efe2 #ff ,am4   
,/4 ,r41 #bf4      #ghi ,davidson v4    
,re$1 #aaa ,ill41 #afg2 #ec ,am4 ,r41   
#fac2 ,boyce v4 ,kalb\gh1        #dg    
,md41 #ccd4      #gij ,burke v4 ,wall1  
#bi ,la4 ,ann41 #ch2 ,seym\r v4 ,page1  
#cc ,conn41 #fa2        ,p]k9s v4       
,mass41 #ach ,mass41 #cfa4      #gia    
,hyde ,p>k v4 ,oakwoods1 #aai ,ill41    

#ada2 #g ,n4 ,e41 #fbg2 ,matt] ( ,bd4 ( 
,/reet ,op5+1 #acc ,n4,y41 #cbi2 #ca ,n4
 ,e41 #ajb2 #bh ,am4 ,/4 ,e41 #fdj ,l4  
,r4 ,a41 #ahj4      #gib ,ea/]n v4 ,city
 ( ,l\isville1 #ac ,ky4 ,l4 ,rep41 #bgi2
 #ae ,s4 ,w41 #aaag4      #gic ,burke v4
 ,wall1 #bi ,la4 ,ann41 #ch2 ,appeal (  
,gumb]t1 #aaj ,pa4 ,/41 #dif2        #a 
,at1 #dcg4      #gid ,9 re ,re=m$1 #g   
,h[>d's ,pr41 #dgf2 ,scoville v4        
,mac,mahon1 #fb ,conn41        #cgh2 #bf
 ,at41 #dgi4      #gie ,antrim v4       
,malsbury1 #dc ,n4,j4 ,eq41 #bhh2 #ac   
,at41 #ahj4      #gif ,h]tle v4         
,riddell1 ,ky41 #ajf ,s4 ,w41 #bhb2 #ae 
,l4 ,r4 ,a41 ,n4 ,s41 #gif4      #gig   
,lewis v4 ,walk]1 #afe ,pa4 ,/41 #cj2   
#cj ,at41 #ejj4      #gih ,/ate v4      
,wilson1 #id ,n4 ,c41 #ajae4      #gii  
,f>elly v4 ,metairie1 #db ,la4 ,ann41   
#bh2 #aj ,s41 #chf2 ,commonweal? v4     
,m>ia1 #b ,weekly ,notes ,cases1 #bdd4  
#hjj ,hullman v4 ,honcomp1 #e ,ohio ,/41
 #bcg4      #hja ,mac,guire v4 ,/4      
,patrick's1 #ed ,hun41 #bjg4      #hjb  

,dw5g] v4 ,ge>y1 #aac ,ind41 #ajf2 #ad  
,n4 ,e41 #ijc2 ,nance v4 ,busby1 #ia    
,t5n41 #cjc2 #ae ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #hja4     
#hjc ,mt4 ,m>ia v4 ,commonweal?1 #ha    
,pa4 ,/41 #bce2 #bb ,am4 ,rep41 #gdc2   
,cemet]y ,co4 v4 ,walk]1 #bi ,ky4 ,l4   
,r41 #abeb2 #ig ,s4 ,w41 #cd2 #g ,l4 ,r4
        ,a41 ,n4 ,s41 #aee4      #hjd   
,l>son v4 ,*ase1 #dg ,m9n41 #cjg2 #ej   
,n4 ,w41 #bch2 #ad ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #he2 #bh
        ,am4 ,/4 ,r41 #cgj2 ,pettigrew  
v4 ,p41 #bjg ,pa41 #cac2 #ef ,at41 #hgh2
 #fd ,l4        ,r4 ,a41 #agi4      #hje
 ,mc,entee v4 ,bonacum1 #ff ,neb41 #fea2
 #ib ,n4 ,w41 #fcc2 #ff ,l4 ,r4 ,a41    
#ddj4      #hjf ,hook v4 ,joyce1 #id    
,ky41 #dej2 #bb ,s4 ,w41 #fea2 #ba ,l4  
,r4 ,a41 #if4      #hjg ,columbus v4    
,c41 #hb ,wis41 #ccd2 #eb ,n4 ,w41 #dbe2
 #af ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #fie2 ,mt4            
,hope v4 ,bo/on1 #aeh ,mass41 #eji2 #cc 
,n4 ,e41 #fie2 #ce ,am4 ,/4 ,r41 #eae2  
,k9caid's ,appeal1 #ff ,pa4 ,/41 #daa2  
#e ,am4 ,r41 #cgg2 ,bessim] v4          
,j5k9s1 #aaa ,ala41 #ace2 #ef ,am4 ,/4  

,r41 #bf2 #ah ,s41 #efe4      #hjh      
,wilson v4 ,re$1 #fh ,at41 #cg1 ,n4 ,h42
 ,wormley v4 ,wormley1 #bjg ,ill41      
#daa2 #fj ,n4 ,e41 #hfe2 #c ,l4 ,r4 ,a41
 ,n4 ,s41 #dha4      #hji ,?irkfield v4 
,m\nta91 #ab ,utah1 #gf2 #da ,pac41     
#efd2 ,wright v4        ,hollywood1 #aab
 ,ga41 #hhd2 #ch ,s4 ,e41 #id2 #eb ,l4  
,r4 ,a41 #fba4      #haj ,topp9 v4      
,mori>ty1 #ei ,n4 ,j4 ,eq41 #aae2 #dd   
,at41 #dfi2 #ej ,c54 ,l4 ,j41           
#ba4      #haa ,coh5 v4 ,cong41 #ii ,n4 
,y4 ,s41 #gcb4      #hab ,feeley v4     
,&rews1 #aia ,mass41 #cac2 #gg ,n4 ,e41 
#gff2 ,/ate v4 ,mc,lean1        #aba ,n4
 ,c41 #ehi2 #bh ,s4 ,e41 #adj2 #db ,l4  
,r4 ,a41 #gba4      #hac ,mc,entee v4   
,bonacum1 #ff ,neb41 #fea2 #ib ,n4 ,w41 
#fcc2 #ff ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #ddj4      #had  
,mutual1 etc41 v4 ,griesa1 #aef ,f41    
#cih4      #hae ,hayes v4 ,/ate1 #aab   
,wis41 #cjd2 #hg ,n4 ,w41 #ajgf4        
#haf #ad ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #he2 ,"y v4       
,college ( ,physicians1 #ha ,md41 #ceh2 
#cb        ,at41 #agg2 #ca ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 

#edj2 ,mey]s v4 ,cl>ke1 #bh ,ky4 ,l41   
#ajjj2 #ij ,s4        ,w41 #ajdi2 #e ,l4
 ,r4 ,a41 ,n4 ,s41 #gbg4      #hag ,l9dh
 v4 ,ry41 #ii ,m9n41 #djh2 #aji ,n4 ,w41
 #hbc2 #g ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 ,n4 ,s41         
#ajah4      #hah ,long v4 ,ry41 #ae     
,oklahoma1 #eab2 #hf ,pac41 #bhi2 #f ,l4
 ,r4 ,a41 ,n4 ,s41 #hhc2        ,griffi?
 v4 ,*>lotte1 #bc ,s4 ,c41 #be2 #ee ,am4
 ,rep41 #a4      #hai ,ko]b] v4 ,patek1 
#abc ,wis41 #dec2 #ajb ,n4 ,w41 #dj2    
,?ompson v4 ,/ate1        #aje ,t5n41   
#agg2 #eh ,s4 ,w41 #bac2 #hj ,am4 ,/4   
,r41 #hge2 #ea ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #hhc4       
#hbj ,williams v4 ,williams1 #bj ,*4    
,div41 #fei4      #hba ,reg4 v4 ,fox1 #b
 ,q4 ,b41 #bdf4      #hbb #eb ,c54 ,l4  
,j41 #ada4      #hbc ,o',donnell v4     
,slack1 #abc ,cal41 #bhe2 #ee ,pacific1 
#ijf2 #dc ,l4 ,r4 ,a41        #chh2     
,neighbors v4 ,neighbors1 #bc ,ky4 ,l41 
#adcc2 #fe ,s4 ,w41 #fjg2 ,l>son        
v4 ,*ase1 #dg ,m9n41 #cjg2 #ej ,n4 ,w41 
#bch2 #ad ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #he4      #hbd   
,enos v4 ,snyd]1 #aca ,cal41 #fh2 #fc   

,pac41 #agj2 #hb ,am4 ,/4 ,r41 #ccj2 #ec
        ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #ba4      #hbe     
,?ompson v4 ,de$s1 #ic ,ia41 #bbh2 #fa  
,n4 ,w41 #hdb4      #hbf ,durrell v4    
,haywood1 #ge ,mass41 #bdh4      #hbg   
,boham v4 ,loeb1 #ajg ,ala41 #fjd2 #ah  
,s41 #cjj2 ,hamilton v4 ,/ate1 #cj      
,ind41 #dhb2 ,p>tridge v4 ,fir/1 #ci    
,md41 #fca2 ,flet*] v4 ,evans1 #adj     
,mass41 #bd2 #b ,n4 ,e41 #hcg4      #hbh
 ,commonweal? v4 ,viall1 #hd ,mass41    
#eab4      #hbi ,donnelly v4 ,bo/on1    
#adf ,mass41 #afc2 #ae ,n4 ,e41 #eje4   
#hcj ,h\/on v4 ,drew1 #ac ,tex4 ,cir4   
,app41 #ecf2 #cf ,s4 ,w41 #hjb4         
#hca ,rob]tson v4 ,bullions1 #aa ,n4    
,y41 #bdc4      #hcb ,canadian v4       
,palm5t]1 #ahj ,mass41 #dae2 #fb ,n4    
,e41 #gdj4      #hcc ,b>abasz v4 ,kabat1
 #hf ,md41 #bc2 #cg ,at41 #gbj4         
#hcd ,9 re ,hawk9s1 #afe ,n4 ,y41 #ahh2 
#eh ,n4 ,e41 #hhd4      #hce ,*ap9 v4   
,holyoke1 #afe ,mass41 #bhj2 #db ,n4    
,e41 #aacj2 ,am4  ,eng4 ,cyc4        (  
,l41 8,taxation40      #hcf ,9 re ,b>ry1

 #afd ,n4 ,y41 #ah2 #eh ,n4 ,e41 #ab4   
#hcg ,am]ican ,law ( ,electors1         
,mc,crary1 sec4 #da4      #hch ,lans+ v4
 ,haynes1 #ie ,mi*41 #af2 #ed ,n4 ,w41  
#fii2 ,baacke v4 ,baacke1 #ej           
,neb41 #ah2 #fi ,n41 #cjc2 ,jones1 ,jr41
 e/ate1 #baa ,pa41 #cfd2 #fj ,at41 #iae2
        #fi ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 #idj2 ,:ite v4 
,b4 ( ,a4 ,y41 #abd ,ia41 #bic2 #ii ,n4 
,w41        #ajga2 #ff ,l4 ,r4 ,a41     
#afd4      #hci ,rog]s v4 ,elliott1 #adf
 ,mass41 #cdi2 #ae ,n4 ,e41 #gfh2 ,davis
 v4 ,sawy]1        #acc ,mass41 #bhi2   
#dc ,am4 ,r41 #eai2 ,h>rison v4 ,/4     
,m>k's1 #ab ,phil41        #bei2 ,soltau
 v4 ,de,held1 #i ,eng4 ,l4  ,e41 #ajd2  
,leete v4 ,pilgrim ,cong4        ,*41   
#ad ,mo4 ,app41 #eij4      #hdj ,osborne
 v4 ,osborne1 ,new ,york1 ,sept4 #ab1   
#aijh2 ,l&ry v4 ,bellang]1        #de   
,s41 #ief2 #ae ,l4 ,r4 ,a41 ,n4 ,s41    
#dfc2 ,lawson v4 ,lawson1 #cj ,tex4     
,civ4        ,app41 #dc2 #fi ,s4 ,w41   
#bdf2 ,s*mitt v4 ,s*neid]1 #aji ,ga41   
#fbh2 #ce ,s4        ,e41 #ade4         

#hda #ad ,cyc1 #dff4      #hdb ,m9agham 
v4 ,/ate1 #gg ,wis41 #fdc2 #df ,n4 ,w41 
#hid2 ,gilmore v4 ,full]1        #aih   
,ill41 #acj2 #fe ,n4 ,e41 #hd4      #hdc
 ,am4  ,eng4 ,ency4 ( ,l41 8,/>a        
decisis10 8,res judicata02 #fg ,c5tral  
,l4 ,j\rnal1 #bee2 ,pautz v4 ,plank9ton1
 #abf ,wis41 #cg2 #aje ,n4 ,w41 #dhb2   
,:ittak] v4 ,mi*4 ,m4 ,l4 ,ins4 ,co41   
#hc ,n4 ,e41 #hii4      #hdd ,bonacum v4
 ,murphy1 #ga ,neb41 #dfc2 #ajd ,n4 ,w41
 #ahj4      #hde ,u4 ,s4 ,bankruptcy    
,act1 sec4 #a1 sub-sec4 #be4      #hdf  
#bj ,cyc1 #deg4      #hdg #bj ,cyc1     
#abdc2 ,insolv5t ,corporations1 ,wait1  
sec4 #fcg4      #hdh #bj ,cyc1 #dfi4