,transcrib]'s ,note3    ,! foll[+       
suspect$ errors h be5 *ang$ 9 ?is text3 
,page #f3 highdays *ang$ to highways    
,page #aa3 abbatoirs *ang$ to abattoirs 
,page #aa3 ,add$ miss+ 4 to ,,fig4 #e4  
,page #ad3 ,add$ miss+ 4 to ,,fig4 #aj4 
,,h\se ,,rats ,,& ,,mice   ,,david ,e4  
,,lantz  ,assi/ant ,biologi/            
,illu/ration   ,,f>m]s' ,,bullet9 #hif  
,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,dep>tm5t ,,(          
,,agriculture         99       99       
99       99       99  ,contribution f ! 
,bureau ( ,biological ,survey  ,e4 ,w4  
,,nelson1 ,*ief       ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 
,octob]1 #aiag      ,%[ ?is bullet9 to a
 neighbor4 ,additional copies may be    
obta9$     free f ! ,division (         
,publications1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t (
     ,agriculture                       
,,wa%+ton3 ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice3  
#aiag   ,! rat is ! wor/ animal pe/ 9 ! 
_w4  ,f its home among fil? x visits    
dwell+s & /or]ooms to pollute & de/roy  
human food4  ,x c>ries bubonic plague & 
_m o!r diseases fatal to man & has be5  

responsible = m untimely dea?s among    
human be+s ?an all ! w>s ( hi/ory4  ,9 !
 ,unit$ ,/ates rats & mice ea* ye>      
de/roy crops & o!r prop]ty valu$ at ov] 
#bjj1jjj1jjj4  ,?is de/ruction is       
equival5t to ! gross e>n+s ( an army (  
ov] #bjj1jjj m54  ,on _m a f>m1 if !    
gra9 eat5 & wa/$ by rats & mice c\ld be 
sold1 ! proce$s w\ld m ?an pay all !    
f>m]'s taxes4  ,! common br[n rat bre$s 
#f to #aj times a ye> & produces an     
av]age ( #aj "y at a litt]4 ,"y females 
bre$ :5 only ?ree or f\r mon?s old4  ,at
 ?is rate a pair ( rats1 bre$+          
un9t]rupt$ly & )\t dea?s1 w\ld at ! end 
( ?ree ye>s 7#ah g5]ations7 be increas$ 
to #cei1gji1dhb individuals4  ,=        
c5turies ! _w has be5 fight+ rats )\t   
organization & at ! same "t has be5 fe$+
 !m & build+ = !m =tresses = concealm5t4
 ,if we are to fight !m on equal t]ms we
 mu/ d5y !m food & hid+ places4 ,we mu/ 
organize & unite to rid communities ( ^!
 pe/s4 ,! "t to beg9 is n[4     ,,h\se  
,,rats ,,& ,,mice4     ,,cont5ts4       

,page4      ,de/ructive habits          
#c      ,protection ( food & o!r /ores  
#e       ,rat-pro( build+               
#e       ,keep+ food f rats & mice      
#i      ,de/roy+ rats & mice            
#aa       ,traps                        
#aa       ,poisons                      
#ae       ,dome/ic animals              
#ah       ,fumigation                   
#ah       ,rat viruses                  
#ai       ,natural enemies              
#bj      ,organiz$ ef=ts to de/roy rats 
#bj       ,community ef=ts              
#ba       ,/ate & national aid          
#ba      ,important repressive measures 
#bc     ,,de/ructive ,,habits ,,( ,,h\se
 ,,rats ,,& ,,mice4   ,losses f         
depr$ations ( h\se rats am\nt to _m     
millions ( doll>s ye>ly--to m1 9 fact1  
?an ^? f all o!r injuri\s mammals       
comb9$4 ,! common h\se m\se#a & ! br[n  
rat#b 7fig4 #a71 too famili> to ne$     
description1 are pe/s 9 ne>ly all p>ts (
 ! c\ntry2 :ile two o!r k9ds ( h\se     
rats1 kn[n z ! black rat#c & ! ro(      

rat1#d are f\nd )9 our bord]s4          
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--;,br[n rat4   
,( ^! f\r introduc$ species--= none is  
native to ,am]ica--! br[n rat is ! mo/  
de/ructive1 &1 except ! m\se1 ! mo/     
num]\s & mo/ widely di/ribut$4 ,br\ght  
to ,am]ica j be=e ! ,revolution1 x has  
supplant$ & ne>ly ext]m9at$ its less    
robu/ relative ! black rat2 & 9 spite ( 
! con/ant w>f>e ( man has ext5d$ its    
range & /eadily increas$ 9 numb]s4 ,its 
dom9ance is due to its great fecundity &
 its ability to adapt itself to all     
sorts ( surr\nd+s4 ,x bre$s 79 ! middle 
"p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates7 six or m times a  
ye> & produces f #f to #bj "y 7av]age   
#aj7 9 a litt]4 ,females bre$ :5 only #c
 or #d mon?s old4 ,?us a pair1 bre$+    
un9t]rupt$ly & )\t dea?s1 c\ld 9 ?ree   
ye>s 7#ah g5]ations7 produce a po/]ity (
 #cei1gji1dhj individuals4 ,mice & !    
black & ro( rats produce small] litt]s1 
b ! p]iod ( ge/ation1 ab\t #ba days1 & !
 numb] ( litt]s are ! same = all4  ,rats
 & mice are practically omnivor\s1 fe$+ 

^u all k9ds ( animal & vegetable matt]4 
,! br[n rat makes its home 9 ! op5      
field1 ! h$ge r[1 & ! riv] bank1 z well 
z 9 /one walls1 pi]s1 & all k9ds (      
build+s4 ,x de/roys gra9s :5 newly      
plant$1 :ile gr[+1 & 9 ! %ock1 /ack1 m[1
 crib1 gran>y1 mill1 elevator1 or %ip's 
hold1 & also 9 ! b9 & fe$ tr\gh4 ,x     
invades /ore & w>eh\se & de/roys furs1  
laces1 silks1 c>pets1 lea!r goods1 &    
groc]ies4 ,x attacks fruits1 vegetables1
 & meats 9 ! m>kets1 & de/roys by       
pollution t5 times z mu* z x actually   
eats4 ,x de/roys eggs & "y p\ltry1 &    
eats ! eggs & "y ( song & game birds4 ,x
 c>ries disease g]ms f h\se to h\se &   
bubonic plague f city to city4 ,x causes
 disa/r\s conflagrations2 floods h\ses  
by gnaw+ lead wat] pipes2 ru9s          
artificial ponds & embankm5ts by burr[+2
 & damages f\ndations1 floors1 doors1 & 
furni%+s ( dwell+s4  ,unlike ! br[n rat 
! black rat r>ely migrates to ! fields4 
,x has disappe>$ f mo/ p>ts ( ! ,nor!rn 
,/ates1 b is occasionally f\nd 9 remote 

villages or f>ms4 ,at our seaports x    
frequ5tly arrives on %ips f abroad1 b   
seldom becomes v num]\s4 ,! ro( rat is  
common 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,s\?1 :]e x is a   
p]si/5t pe/ 9 cane & rice fields4 ,x    
ma9ta9s itself aga9/ ! br[n rat p>tly   
because ( its habit ( liv+ 9 trees4 ,!  
common h\se m\se by no means conf9es its
 activities to ! inside ( build+s1 b is 
(t5 f\nd 9 op5 fields1 :]e its          
depr$ations 9 %ock & /ack are well kn[n4
  ,n only are mice & rats1 especially ! 
br[n rat1 a cause ( de/ruction & damage 
to prop]ty1 b !y are also a con/ant     
m5ace to ! heal? ( man4 ,x has be5 prov$
 t !y are ! *ief means ( p]petuat+ &    
transmitt+ bubonic plague & t !y play   
important roles 9 convey+ o!r diseases  
to human be+s4 ,!y are p>asites1 )\t    
r$eem+ *>act]i/ics1 & %\ld ev]y:]e be   
r\t$ & de/roy$4     ,,protection ,,(    
,,food ,,& ,,o!r ,,/ores ,,f ,,rats ,,& 
,,mice4   ,pa/ attempts to ext]m9ate    
rats & mice h fail$1 n s mu* because (  
lack ( effective means z because ( !    

neglect ( necess>y precautions & !      
abs5ce ( conc]t$ endeavors4 ,we h r5d]$ 
our "w abortive by cont9u+ to provide   
subsi/5ce & hid+ places = ! animals4 ,if
 ^! advantages are d5i$1 p]si/5t & g5]al
 use ( ! usual me?ods ( de/ruction w    
prove f> m successful4   ,,rat-,,pro(   
,,build+4  ,fir/ 9 importance1 z a      
measure ( rat repression1 is ! exclusion
 ( ! animals f places :]e !y f9d food & 
safe retreats = re>+ _! "y4  ,! be/ way 
to keep rats f build+s1 :e!r 9 city or 9
 c\ntry1 is to use cem5t 9 con/ruction4 
,z ! advantages ( ?is mat]ial are com+  
to be g5]ally und]/ood1 its use is      
rapidly ext5d+ to all k9ds ( build+s4 ,!
 processes ( mix+ & lay+ ?is mat]ial    
require little skill or special k1 &    
workm5 ( ord9>y intellig5ce c           
successfully foll[ ! pla9 directions    
conta9$ 9 h&books ( cem5t con/ruction4#e
  ,_m mod]n public build+s are s        
con/ruct$ t rats c f9d no lodgm5t 9 !   
walls or f\ndations1 & yet 9 a few ye>s1
 ?r\gh neglig5ce1 su* build+s (t5 become

 infe/$ ) ! pe/s4 ,sometimes dra9 pipes 
are left uncov]$ = h\rs at a "t4 ,(t5   
out] doors1 especially ^? op5+ on       
alleys1 are left aj>4 ,a common mi/ake  
is failure to scre5 basem5t w9d[s :i*   
mu/ be op5$ = v5tilation4 ,h[ev] !      
intrud]s are admitt$1 :5 once inside !y 
intr5* !mselves beh9d furniture or      
/ores1 & are difficult to dislodge4 ,!  
addition ( inn] doors to ve/ibules is an
 important precaution aga9/ rats4 ,! l[]
 edge ( out] doors to public build+s1   
especially m>kets1 %\ld be re9=c$ )     
light metal plates to prev5t ! animals f
 gnaw+ ?r\gh4 ,any op5+ left ar\nd wat]1
 /eam1 or gas pipes1 :]e !y g ?r\gh     
walls1 %\ld be clos$ c>efully ) concrete
 to ! full dep? ( ! wall4  ,dwell+s4--,9
 con/ruct+ dwell+ h\ses ! additional co/
 ( mak+ ! f\ndations rat-pro( is slight 
comp>$ ) ! advantages4 ,! cell> walls   
%\ld h concrete foot+s1 & ! walls       
!mselves %\ld be laid 9 cem5t mort>4 ,! 
cell> floor %\ld be ( m$ium r ?an lean  
concrete4 ,ev5 old cell>s may be made   

rat-pro( at comp>atively small exp5se4  
,rat holes may be p]man5tly clos$ ) a   
mixture ( cem5t1 s&1 & brok5 glass1 or  
%>p bits ( crock]y or /one4  ,on a      
f\ndation l ! "o describ$ above1 ! walls
 ( a wood5 dwell+ also may be made      
rat-pro(4 ,! space betwe5 ! %ea?+ & la?1
 to ! height ( ab\t a foot1 %\ld be     
fill$ ) concrete4 ,rats c n !n ga9      
access to ! walls1 & c ent] ! dwell+    
only ?r\gh doors or w9d[s4 ,scre5+ all  
basem5t & cell> w9d[s ) wire nett+ is a 
mo/ necess>y precaution4  ,old build+s 9
 cities4--,aside f old dwell+s1 ! *ief  
refuges = rats 9 cities are sew]s1      
:>ves1 /ables1 & outbuild+s4 ,mod]n     
sew]s are us$ by ! animals m]ely z      
highways & n z abodes1 b old-fa%ion$    
brick sew]s (t5 af=d ne/+ crannies4     
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--,rat-pro(+ a  
frame dwell+ by concrete side wall      
7,unit$ ,/ates ,public ,heal? ,s]vice1  
,new ,orleans1 ,la41 #aiad74  ,:>ves1   
/ables1 & outbuild+s 9 cities %\ld be s 
built z to exclude rats4 ,cem5t is !    

*ief means to ?is end4 ,old tumble-d[n  
build+s & :>ves %\ld n be tol]at$ 9 any 
city4 7,see fig4 #b47  ,9 bo? city &    
c\ntry1 wood5 floors ( sidewalks1 areas1
 & por*es are commonly laid ^u timb]s   
re/+ on ! gr\nd4 ,"u su* floors rats h a
 safe retreat f ne>ly all enemies4 ,!   
conditions c be rem$i$ 9 t[ns by        
municipal action requir+ t ^! floors be 
replac$ by o!rs made ( cem5t4 ,areas or 
walks made ( brick are (t5 und]m9$ by   
rats & may become z objectionable z ^? (
 wood4 ,wood5 floors ( por*es %\ld      
always be well above ! gr\nd4  ,f>m     
build+s4--,gran>ies1 corncribs1 & p\ltry
 h\ses may be made rat-pro( by a lib]al 
use ( cem5t 9 ! f\ndations & floors2 or 
! floors may be ( wood re/+ ^u concrete4
 ,objection has be5 urg$ aga9/ concrete 
floors = horses1 cattle1 & p\ltry1      
because ! mat]ial is too good a         
conductor ( heat1 & ! heal? ( ! animals 
suff]s f contact ) ^! floors4 ,9 p\ltry 
h\ses1 dry soil or s& may be us$ z a    
cov]+ = ! cem5t floor1 & 9 /ables a     

wood5 floor re/+ on concrete is j z     
satisfactory s f> z ! exclusion ( rats  
is conc]n$4  ,! common practice ( sett+ 
corncribs on po/s ) inv]t$ pans at ! top
 (t5 fails to exclude rats1 because !   
po/s are n high en\gh to place ! l[]    
cracks ( ! /ructure beyond rea* ( !     
animals4 ,z rats are excell5t jump]s1 ! 
po/s %\ld be tall en\gh to prev5t !     
animals f obta9+ a foo?old at any place 
)9 #c feet ( ! gr\nd4 ,a crib built 9   
?is way1 h[ev]1 is n v satisfactory4  ,=
 a rat-pro( crib a well-dra9$ site %\ld 
be *os54 ,! out] walls1 laid 9 cem5t1   
%\ld be sunk ab\t #bj in*es into !      
gr\nd4 ,! space )9 ! walls %\ld be gr\t$
 ?or\ghly ) cem5t & brok5 /one & f9i%$ )
 ri* concrete = a floor4 ,^u ?is !      
/ructure may be built4 ,ev5 ! walls ( ! 
crib may be ( concrete4 ,corn w n mold 9
 contact ) !m1 provid$ !re is good      
v5tilation & ! ro( is wat]-tight4       
,h[ev]1 !re are *eap] ways ( exclud+    
rats f ei!r new or old corncribs4 ,rats1
 mice1 & sp>r[s may be kept out         

effectually by ! use ( ei!r an inn] or  
an out] cov]+ ( galvaniz$-wire nett+ (  
half-in* me% & heavy en\gh to resi/ !   
tee? ( ! rats4 ,! nett+ 9 common use 9  
scre5+ cell> w9d[s is suitable = cov]+  
or l9+ cribs4 ,z rats c climb ! nett+1 !
 entire /ructure mu/ be scre5$1 or1 if  
sp>r[s are n to be exclud$1 ! wire nett+
 may be c>ri$ up ab\t #c feet f ! gr\nd1
 & above ?is a belt ( %eet metal ab\t a 
foot 9 wid? may be tack$ to ! outside ( 
! build+4  ,complete work+ draw+s = !   
practical rat-pro( corncrib %[n 9       
figures #c & #d may be obta9$ f ! ,(fice
 ( ,public ,roads & ,rural ,eng9e]+ ( ! 
dep>tm5t4  ,build+s = /or+              
food/uffs4--,:5ev] possible1 /ores (    
food = man or bea/ %\ld be plac$ only 9 
build+s ( rat-pro( con/ruction1 gu>d$   
aga9/ rod5ts by hav+ all w9d[s ne> !    
gr\nd & all o!r possible means (        
entrance scre5$ ) nett+ made ( ,no4 #ah 
or ,no4 #bj wire & ( #a_/d-;in* me%4    
,entrance doors %\ld fit closely1 %\ld h
 ! l[] edges protect$ by wide /rips (   

metal1 & %\ld h spr+s atta*$1 to insure 
t !y %all n be left op54 ,be=e be+ us$ =
 h\s+ /ores1 ! build+ %\ld be inspect$ z
 to ! mann] 9 :i* wat]1 /eam1 or gas    
pipes g ?r\gh ! walls1 & any op5+s f\nd 
ar\nd su* pipes %\ld be clos$ )         
concrete4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4         
#c4--,p]spective ( rat-pro( corncrib1   
%[+ concrete f\ndation by dott$ l9es2   
also belt ( metal4  ,if rat-pro( build+s
 are n available1 x is possible1 by !   
use ( concrete 9 basem5ts & ! o!r       
precautions j m5tion$1 to make an ord9>y
 build+ practically safe = food /orage4 
,:5 x is necess>y to erect tempor>y     
wood5 /ructures to hold =age1 gra91 or  
food supplies = army camps1 ! floors (  
su* build+s %\ld n be 9 contact ) !     
gr\nd1 b elevat$1 ! sills hav+ a foot or
 m ( cle> space bel[ !m4 ,smoo? po/s    
ris+ #b or #c feet above ! gr\nd may be 
us$ = f\ndations1 & ! floor itself may  
be protect$ bel[ by wire nett+ or %eet  
metal at all places :]e rats c\ld ga9 a 
foo?old4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to h ! floors

 z tight z possible1 = x is *iefly      
scatt]$ gra9 & fragm5ts ( food ab\t a   
camp t attract rats4  ,rat-pro(+ by     
elevation4--,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,public    
,heal? ,s]vice reports t 9 its campaigns
 aga9/ bubonic plague 9 ,san ,francisco 
7#aijg7 & ,new ,orleans 7#aiad7 _m      
plague rats 7 f\nd "u ! floors ( wood5  
h\ses re/+ on ! gr\nd4 ,^! build+s 7    
made rat-pro( by elevation1 & no case ( 
ei!r human or rod5t plague occurr$ 9 any
 h\se aft] ! *ange4 ,plac+ !m on smoo?  
po/s #ah in*es above ! gr\nd1 ) ! space 
b5ea? ! floor entirely op51 left no hid+
 place = rats4  ,?is plan is adapt$ to  
small dwell+s ?r\gh\t ! ,s\?1 & to small
 summ] homes1 tempor>y /ructures1 &     
small f>m build+s ev]y:]e4 ,:]ev] rats  
might obta9 a foo?old on ! top ( ! po/  
!y may be prev5t$ f gnaw+ ! adjac5t wood
 by tack+ metal plates or pieces ( wire 
nett+ to floor or sill4   ,,keep+ ,,food
 ,,f ,,rats ,,& ,,mice4  ,! effect ( an 
abundance ( food on ! bre$+ ( rod5ts    
%\ld be kept 9 m9d4 ,well-f$ rats mature

 quickly1 bre$ (t51 & h l>ge litt]s4    
,poorly f$ rats1 on ! contr>y1 reproduce
 less frequ5tly & h small] litt]s4 ,9   
addition1 sc>city ( food makes measures 
= de/roy+ ! animals f> m effective4     
,m]*&ise 9 /ores4--,9 all p>ts ( !      
c\ntry !re is a s]i\s economic dra9 9 ! 
de/ruction by rats & mice ( m]*&ise held
 = sale by deal]s4 ,n only food/uffs &  
=age1 b textiles1 clo?+1 & lea!r goods  
are (t5 ru9$4 ,?is loss is due ma9ly to 
! faulty build+s 9 :i* ! /ores are kept4
 ,(t5 x w\ld be a measure ( economy to  
te> d[n ! old /ructures & replace !m by 
new ones4 ,h[ev]1 ev5 ! old build+s may 
(t5 be repair$ s z to make !m           
practically rat-pro(2 & food/uffs1 z    
fl\r1 se$s1 & meats1 may always be      
protect$ 9 wire cages at slight exp5se4 
,! public %\ld be protect$ f insanit>y  
/ores by a sy/em ( rigid inspection4    
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4--;,floor plan (
 rat-pro( corncrib %[n 9 figure #c4     
,h\sehold supplies4--,simil> c>e %\ld be
 ex]cis$ 9 ! home to protect h\sehold   

supplies f mice & rats4 ,little progress
 9 ridd+ ! premises ( ^! animals c be   
made s long z !y h access to supplies ( 
food4 ,cell>s1 kit*5s1 & pantries (t5   
furni% subsi/5ce n only to rats t       
inhabit ! dwell+1 b to _m t come f      
outside4 ,food supplies may always be   
kept f rats & mice if plac$ 9 inexp5sive
 rat-pro( conta9]s cov]$ ) wire nett+4  
,sometimes all t is ne$$ to prev5t s]i\s
 wa/e is ! application ( concrete to    
holes 9 ! basem5t wall or ! slight      
repair ( a defective "p ( ! build+4     
,produce 9 transit4--,mu* loss ( fruits1
 vegetables1 & o!r produce occurs 9     
transit by rail & on %ips4 ,mo/ ( !     
damage is done at :>ves & 9 railway     
/ations1 b !re is also consid]able 9    
%ips' holds1 especially to p]i%able     
produce br\ght f w>m latitudes4 ,mu* (  
?is may be prev5t$ by ! use ( rat-pro(  
cages at ! docks1 by ! c>eful fumigation
 ( seago+ vessels at ! end ( ea* voyage1
 & by ! frequ5t fumigation ( vessels 9  
coa/wise trade2 b /ill m by replac+ old 

& decrepit :>ves & /ation plat=ms )     
mod]n ones built ( concrete4  ,:]e      
c>goes are be+ load$ or unload$ at :>ves
 or depots1 food liable to attack by    
rats may be tempor>ily safegu>d$ by be+ 
plac$ 9 rat-pro( cages1 or p\nds1       
con/ruct$ ( wire nett+4 ,wood5 boxes    
conta9+ res]ve food held 9 depots = a   
consid]able "t or int5d$ = %ipm5t by sea
 may be made rat-pro( by light cov]+s ( 
metal along ! angles4 ,?is plan has long
 be5 9 use to protect naval /ores on    
%ips & 9 w>eh\ses4 ,x is bas$ on ! fact 
t rats d n gnaw ! plane surfaces ( h>d  
mat]ials1 b attack doors1 furniture1 &  
boxes at ! angles only4  ,pack+         
h\ses4--,pack+ h\ses & abattoirs are (t5
 s\rces f :i* rats secure subsi/5ce1    
especially :]e meats are prep>$ = m>ket 
9 old build+s4 ,9 old-/yle cool+ rooms )
 d\ble walls ( wood & sawdu/ insulation1
 always a s\rce ( annoyance because (   
rat infe/ation1 ! utmo/ vigilance is    
requir$ to prev5t s]i\s loss ( meat     
products4 ,on ! o!r h&1 pack+ h\ses )   

mod]n con/ruction & sanit>y devices h no
 tr\ble f rats or mice4  ,g>bage &      
wa/e4--,s9ce mu* ( ! food ( rats consi/s
 ( g>bage & o!r wa/e mat]ials1 x is n   
en\gh to b> ! animals f m>kets1         
gran>ies1 w>eh\ses1 & private food      
/ores4 ,g>bage & (fal ( all k9ds mu/ be 
s dispos$ ( t rats c n obta9 !m4  ,9    
cities & t[ns an effici5t sy/em ( g>bage
 collection & disposal %\ld be e/abli%$ 
by ord9ances4 ,wa/e f m>kets1 hotels1   
cafes & h\seholds %\ld be collect$ 9    
cov]$ metal receptacles & frequ5tly     
empti$4 ,g>bage %\ld nev] be dump$ 9 or 
ne> t[ns1 b %\ld be utiliz$ or promptly 
de/roy$ by fire4  ,rats f9d abundant    
food 9 c\ntry slaught]h\ses2 re=m 9 !   
managem5t ( ^! is badly ne$$4 ,su*      
places are c5t]s ( rat propagation4 ,x  
is a common practice to leave (fal (    
slaught]$ animals to be eat5 by rats &  
sw9e1 & ?is is ! *ief means ( p]petuat+ 
tri*9ae 9 pork4 ,! law %\ld require t   
(fal be promptly cremat$ or o!rwise     
dispos$ (4 ,c\ntry slaught]h\ses %\ld be

 z cleanly & z con/antly inspect$ z     
abattoirs4  ,ano!r important s\rce ( rat
 food is f\nd 9 remnants ( lun*es left  
by employees 9 factories1 /ores1 &      
public build+s4 ,?is food1 :i* alone is 
suffici5t to attract & su/a9 a small    
army ( rats1 is commonly left 9 wa/e    
baskets or o!r op5 receptacles4 ,/rictly
 en=c$ rules requir+ all remnants ( food
 to be deposit$ 9 cov]$ metal vessels   
w\ld make trapp+ f> m effective4        
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--;,guillot9e   
trap made entirely ( metal4  ,milit>y   
tra9+ camps1 unless subject$ to rigid   
discipl9e 9 ! matt] ( disposal ( g>bage 
& wa/e1 soon become c5t]s ( rat         
infe/ation4 ,wa/e f camps1 deposit$ 9   
cov]$ metal cans & collect$ daily1 %\ld 
be remov$ f> f ! camp itself & ei!r     
burn$ or utiliz$ 9 approv$ mod]n ways4  
,,de/roy+ ,,rats ,,& ,,mice4   ,!       
,biological ,survey has made num]\s     
laboratory & field exp]im5ts ) v>i\s    
ag5cies = de/roy+ rats & mice4 ,!       
results =m ! *ief basis = ! foll[+      

recomm5dations3   ,,traps4  ,ow+ to _!  
cunn+1 x is n always easy to cle> rats f
 premises by trapp+2 if food is         
abundant1 x is impossible4 ,a few adults
 refuse to ent] ! mo/ innoc5t-look+     
trap4 ,& yet trapp+1 if p]si/5tly       
foll[$1 is "o ( ! mo/ effective ways (  
de/roy+ ! animals4  ,guillot9e trap4--,=
 g5]al use ! improv$ mod]n traps ) a    
wire fall releas$ by a bait$ trigg] &   
driv5 by a coil$ spr+ h m>k$ advantages 
ov] ! old =ms1 & _m ( !m may be us$ at !
 same "t4 ,^! traps1 sometimes call$    
guillot9e traps1 are ( _m designs1 b ! m
 simply con/ruct$ are pref]able4        
,probably ^? made entirely ( metal are !
 be/1 z !y are m durable4 ,traps ) t9 or
 %eet-metal bases are n recomm5d$4      
,guillot9e traps ( ! type %[n 9 figure  
#e %\ld be bait$ ) small pieces ( ,vi5na
 sausage 7,wi5]wur/7 or fri$ bacon4 ,a  
small section ( an e> ( corn is an      
excell5t bait if o!r gra9 is n pres5t4  
,! trigg] wire %\ld be b5t inw>d to br+ 
! bait into prop] position = ! fall to  

/rike ! rat 9 ! neck1 z %[n 9 figure #f4
  ,o!r excell5t baits = rats & mice are 
oatmeal1 toa/$ *eese1 toa/$ bread       
7butt]$71 fi%1 fi% (fal1 fre% liv]1 raw 
meat1 p9e nuts1 apples1 c>rots1 & corn1 
& sunfl[]1 squa%1 or pumpk9 se$s4 ,brok5
 fre% eggs are good bait at all seasons1
 & ripe tomatoes1 gre5 cucumb]s1 & o!r  
fre% vegetables are v tempt+ to !       
animals 9 w9t]4 ,:5 se$1 gra91 or meal  
is us$ ) a guillot9e trap1 x is put on !
 trigg] plate1 or ! trigg] wire may be  
b5t outw>d & ! bait plac$ directly "u x4
  ,oatmeal 7roll$ oats7 is recomm5d$ z a
 bait = guillot9e traps made ) wood5    
base & trigg] plate 7fig4 #g74 ,^! traps
 are especially conv5i5t to use on l$ges
 or o!r n>r[ rat runs or at ! op5+s (   
rat burr[s4 ,!y are (t5 us$ )\t bait4   
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--,me?od ( bait+
 guillot9e trap4  ,a common mi/ake 9    
trapp+ = rats & mice is to use only "o  
or two traps :5 doz5s are ne$$4 ,= a    
l>ge e/abli%m5t hundr$s ( traps may be  
us$ to advantage1 & a doz5 is none too  

_m = an ord9>y b>n or dwell+ infe/$ )   
rats4 ,h\se mice are less suspici\s ?an 
rats & are mu* m easily trapp$4 ,small  
guillot9e traps bait$ ) oatmeal w soon  
rid an ord9>y dwell+ ( ! small] pe/s4   
,cage trap4--,:5 rats are abundant1 !   
l>ge ,fr5* wire cage traps may be us$ to
 advantage4 ,!y %\ld be made ( /iff     
wire1 well re9=c$4 ,_m ( ^? sold 9 /ores
 are useless1 because a full-gr[n rat c 
b5d ! light wires ap>t & s escape4      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4--;,guillot9e   
trap ) wood5 base & trigg] plate4  ,cage
 traps may be bait$ & left op5 = sev]al 
nights until ! rats are accu/om$ to ent]
 !m to obta9 food4 ,!y %\ld !n be clos$ 
& fre%ly bait$1 :5 a l>g] cat* may be   
expect$1 especially ( "y rats 7fig4 #h74
 ,z _m z #be1 & ev5 m1 p>tly gr[n rats h
 be5 tak5 at a "t 9 "o ( ^! traps4 ,x is
 bett] to cov] ! trap ?an to leave x    
expos$4 ,a %ort bo>d %\ld be laid on !  
trap & an old clo? or bag or a bun* (   
hay or /raw ?r[n c>elessly ov] ! top4   
,(t5 ! trap may be plac$ ) ! entrance   

opposite a rat hole & fitt+ x s closely 
t rats c n pass ?r\gh )\t ent]+ ! trap4 
,if a s+le rat is caught x may be left 9
 ! trap z a decoy to o!rs4  ,not)/&+ !  
fact t sometimes a l>ge numb] ( rats may
 be tak5 at a "t 9 cage traps1 a few    
good guillot9e traps intellig5tly us$ w 
prove m effective 9 ! long run4         
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4--;,cage trap ) 
cat* ( rats4  ,figure-#d trigg]         
trap4--,! old-fa%ion$ box trap set ) a  
figure-#d trigg] is sometimes useful to 
secure a wise old rat t refuses to be   
entic$ into a mod]n trap4 ,bett] /ill is
 a simple deadfall--a flat /one or a    
heavy plank--support$ by a figure-#d    
trigg]4 ,an old rat w g "u su* a        
contrivance to fe$ )\t fe>4  ,/eel      
trap4--,! ord9>y /eel trap 7,no4 #j or  
#a7 may sometimes be satisfactorily     
employ$ to capture a rat4 ,! animal is  
usually caught by ! foot1 & its squeal+ 
has a t5d5cy to fright5 o!r rats4 ,!    
trap may be set 9 a %all[ pan or box &  
cov]$ ) bran or oats1 c>e be+ tak5 to h 

! space "u ! trigg] pan free ( gra94    
,?is may be done by plac+ a v little    
cotton "u ! trigg] & sett+ z lightly z  
possible4 ,9 a n>r[ run or at ! m\? ( a 
burr[ a /eel trap unbait$ & cov]$ ) v   
light clo? or tissue pap] is (t5        
effective4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4        
#i4--;,b>rel trap3 #a1 ,) /iff pap]     
cov]2 #b1 ) h+$ b>rel cov]2 a1 /op2 b1  
baits4  ,! be/ bait usually is food ( a 
k9d t ! rats & mice d n get 9 ! vic9ity4
 ,9 a meat m>ket1 vegetables or gra9    
%\ld be us$2 9 a fe$ /ore1 meat4 ,z f> z
 possible food o!r ?an ! bait %\ld be   
inaccessible :ile trapp+ is 9 progress4 
,! bait %\ld be kept fre% & attractive1 
& ! k9d *ang$ :5 necess>y4 ,baits &     
traps %\ld be h&l$ z little z possible4 
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj--,pit trap4 aa1
 ,rat run2 bb1 cov]2 cc1 position (     
weights2 dd1 rods on :i* cov]s turn4    
,b>rel trap4--,ab\t #fj ye>s ago a writ]
 9 ! ,cornhill ,magaz9e gave details ( a
 trap1 by means ( :i* x 0 claim$ t      
#c1jjj rats 7 caught 9 a w>eh\se 9 a    

s+le night4 ,! plan involv$ toll+ ! rats
 to ! place & fe$+ !m = sev]al nights on
 ! tops ( b>rels cov]$ ) co>se br[n     
pap]4 ,aft]w>ds a cross 0 cut 9 ! pap]1 
s t ! rats fell into ! b>rel 7fig4 #i   
7#a774 ,_m v>iations ( ! plan1 b few    
improvem5ts ^u x1 h be5 sugge/$ by      
agricultural writ]s s9ce t "t4 ,reports 
are frequ5tly made ( l>ge cat*es ( rats 
by means ( a b>rel fitt$ ) a light cov] 
( wood1 h+$ on a rod s z to turn ) !    
weight ( a rat 7fig4 #i 7#b774  ,pit    
trap4--,a modification ( ! b>rel trap is
 ! pit trap 7fig4 #aj74 ,?is consi/s ( a
 /\t n>r[ box sunk 9 ! gr\nd s t ! top  
is level ) ! rat run4 ,x is fix$ ) a    
cov] ( light wood or metal 9 two        
sections1 ! sections fitt+ nicely inside
 ! box & work+ indep5d5tly4 ,!y turn on 
rods1 to :i* !y are fa/5$4 ,!y are      
weight$ ne> ! ends ( ! box & s adju/$ t 
!y sw+ easily4 ,an animal /epp+ ^u !    
cov] beyond ! rods is precipitat$ into !
 box1 :ile ! cov] imm$iately sw+s back  
to its place4 ,besides rats1 ! trap is  

well adapt$ to capture l>g] animals1 z  
m9ks1 raccoons1 opossums1 & cats4 ,x is 
especially useful to protect p\ltry     
y>ds1 game pres]ves1 & ! l4 ,! trap %\ld
 be plac$ along ! f5ce outside ! y>d1 & 
beh9d a %elt] ( bo>ds or bru% t leans   
aga9/ ! f5ce4  ,f5ce & battue4--,9 !    
rice fields ( ! ,f> ,ea/ ! natives build
 num]\s piles ( bru% & rice /raw1 &     
leave !m = sev]al days until _m rats h  
tak5 %elt] 9 !m4 ,a portable bamboo     
inclosure sev]al feet 9 height is !n set
 up ar\nd ea* pile 9 succession & ! /raw
 & bru% are ?r[n out ov] ! top1 :ile    
dogs & m5 kill ! trapp$ rod5ts4 ,l>ge   
numb]s are de/roy$ 9 ?is way1 & ! plan )
 modifications may be utiliz$ 9 ,am]ica 
) satisfactory results4 ,a wire nett+ ( 
f9e me% may be us$ = ! inclosure4 ,!    
s*eme is applicable at ! removal ( gra91
 /raw1 or hay/acks1 z well z bru% piles4
  ,9 a l>ge b>n ne> ,wa%+ton1 a few ye>s
 ago1 piles ( unhusk$ corn 7 left 9 !   
l(t & 7 soon infe/$ ) rats4 ,a wood5 p5 
0 set d[n surr\nd+ ! piles 9 turn & !   

corn ?r[n out until dogs 7 able to get  
at ! rats4 ,9 ?is way sev]al m5 & dogs  
kill$ #ejj rats 9 a s+le day4           
,,poisons4  ,:ile ! use ( poison is !   
be/ & quicke/ way to get rid ( rats &   
mice1 ! odor f ! dead animals makes !   
me?od impracticable 9 occupi$ h\ses4    
,poisons may be effectively us$ 9 b>ns1 
/ables1 %$s1 cribs1 & o!r outbuild+s4   
,caution4--,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates !re are   
few laws :i* prohibit ! lay+ ( poisons  
on l&s own$ or controll$ by ! poison]4  
,h5ce x is all ! m necess>y to ex]cise  
extreme caution to prev5t accid5ts4 ,9  
sev]al ,/ates notice ( int5tion to lay  
poison mu/ be giv5 to p]sons liv+ 9 !   
neighborhood4 ,poison = rats %\ld nev]  
be plac$ 9 op5 or un%elt]$ places4 ,?is 
applies p>ticul>ly to /ry*n9 or ars5ic  
on meat4 ,packages conta9+ poisons %\ld 
always be> a w>n+ label & %\ld n be kept
 :]e *ildr5 might rea* !m4  ,among !    
pr9cipal poisons t h be5 recomm5d$ =    
kill+ rats & mice are b>ium c>bonate1   
/ry*n91 ars5ic1 phosphorus1 & squills4  

,b>ium c>bonate4--,"o ( ! *eape/ & mo/  
effective poisons = rats & mice is b>ium
 c>bonate4 ,?is m9]al has ! advantage ( 
be+ )\t ta/e or smell4 ,x has a         
corrosive action on ! muc\s l9+ ( !     
/oma* & is dang]\s to l>g] animals if   
tak5 9 suffici5t quantity4 ,9 ! small   
doses f$ to rats & mice x w\ld be       
h>mless to dome/ic animals4 ,its action 
^u rats is sl[1 & if exit is possible ! 
animals usually leave ! premises 9 se>* 
( wat]4 ,= ?is reason ! poison may      
frequ5tly1 ?\gh n always1 be us$ 9 h\ses
 )\t disagreeable consequ5ces4  ,b>ium  
c>bonate may be f$ 9 ! =m ( d\gh compos$
 ( f\r p>ts ( meal or fl\r & "o "p ( !  
m9]al4 ,a m conv5i5t bait is ord9>y     
oatmeal ) ab\t "o-eigh? ( its bulk ( !  
m9]al1 mix$ ) wat] into a /iff d\gh4 ,a 
?ird plan is to spread ! b>ium c>bonate 
^u fi%1 toa/$ bread 7moi/5$71 or ord9>y 
bread & butt]4 ,! prep>$ bait %\ld be   
plac$ 9 rat runs1 ab\t a teaspoonful at 
a place4 ,if a s+le application ( !     
poison fails to kill or drive away all  

rats f ! premises1 x %\ld be repeat$ ) a
 *ange ( bait4  ,/ry*n94--,/ry*n9 is too
 rapid 9 action to make its use = rats  
desirable 9 h\ses1 b else:]e x may be   
employ$ effectively4 ,/ry*nia sulphate  
is ! be/ =m to use4 ,! dry cry/als may  
be ins]t$ 9 small pieces ( raw meat1    
,vi5na sausage1 or toa/$ *eese1 & ^!    
plac$ 9 rat runs or burr[s2 or oatmeal  
may be moi/5$ ) a /ry*n9 sirup & small  
quantities laid 9 ! same way4  ,/ry*n9  
sirup is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,dissolve a   
half ounce ( /ry*nia sulphate 9 a p9t ( 
boil+ wat]2 add a p9t ( ?ick sug> sirup 
& /ir ?or\ghly4 ,a small] quantity may  
be prep>$ ) a proportional quantity (   
wat] & sirup4 ,9 prep>+ ! bait x is     
necess>y to moi/5 all ! oatmeal ) !     
sirup4 ,:eat & corn are excell5t        
alt]native baits4 ,! gra9 %\ld be soak$ 
ov]night 9 ! /ry*n9 sirup4              
,ars5ic4--,ars5ic is probably ! mo/     
popul> ( ! rat poisons1 ow+ to its      
*eapness1 yet our exp]im5ts prove t1    
measur$ by ! results obta9$1 ars5ic is  

de>] ?an /ry*n94 ,besides1 ars5ic is    
extremely v>iable 9 its effect ^u rats1 
& if ! animals survive a fir/ dose x is 
v difficult to induce !m to take ano!r4 
,p[d]$ :ite ars5ic 7ars5i\s acid7 may be
 f$ to rats 9 almo/ any ( ! baits       
m5tion$ "u b>ium c>bonate & /ry*n94 ,x  
has be5 us$ successfully :5 rubb$ into  
fre% fi% or spread on butt]$ toa/4      
,ano!r me?od is to mix twelve p>ts by   
weight ( corn meal & "o "p ( ars5ic )   
:ites ( eggs into a /iff d\gh4  ,an old 
=mula = poison+ rats & mice ) ars5ic is 
! foll[+1 adapt$ f an ,engli% s\rce3    
,take a p\nd ( oatmeal1 a p\nd ( co>se  
br[n sug>1 & a spoonful ( ars5ic4 ,mix  
well toge!r & put ! composition into an 
e>!n j>4 ,put a tablespoonful at a place
 9 runs frequ5t$ by rats4               
,phosphorus4--,= poison+ rats & mice1   
phosphorus is us$ almo/ z commonly z    
ars5ic1 & und\bt$ly x is effective :5   
giv5 9 an attractive bait4 ,! phosphorus
 pa/e ( ! drug /ores is usually dissolv$
 yell[ phosphorus1 mix$ ) glucose or o!r

 sub/ances4 ,! proportion ( phosphorus  
v>ies f "o-f\r? ( #a p] c5t to #d p]    
c5t4 ,! fir/ am\nt is too small to be   
always effective & ! la/ is dang]\sly   
inflammable4 ,:5 homemade prep>ations ( 
phosphorus are us$ !re is mu* dang] (   
burn+ ! p]son or ( sett+ fire to crops  
or build+s4 ,9 ! ,we/]n ,/ates _m fires 
h result$ f putt+ out homemade          
phosphorus poisons = gr\nd squirrels1 & 
entire fields ( ripe gra9 h be5 de/roy$ 
9 ?is way4 ,ev5 ) comm]cial pa/es !     
action ( sun & ra9 *anges ! phosphorus &
 lea*es out ! glucose until a highly    
inflammable residue is left4  ,x is (t5 
claim$ t phosphorus eat5 by rats or mice
 dries up or mummifies ! body s t no    
odor results4 ,! /atem5t has no         
f\ndation 9 fact4 ,no kn[n poison w     
prev5t decomposition ( ! body ( an      
animal t di$ f its effects4 ,equally    
mislead+ is ! /atem5t t rats poison$ )  
phosphorus d n die on ! premises4 ,ow+  
to its sl[] op]ation1 no d\bt a l>g]    
portion escape into ! op5 be=e dy+ ?an  

:5 /ry*n9 is us$4  ,! ,biological       
,survey does n recomm5d ! use (         
phosphorus z a poison = rod5ts4         
,squills4--,! squill1 or sea leek1#f is 
a favorite rat poison 9 _m p>ts (       
,europe & is well wor?y ( trial 9       
,am]ica4 ,x is rapid & v deadly 9 its   
action1 & rats seem to eat x readily4 ,!
 poison is us$ 9 sev]al ways4 ,two      
ounces ( dry squills1 p[d]$1 may be     
?or\ghly mix$ ) eight ounces ( toa/$    
*eese or ( butt] & meal & put out 9 runs
 ( rats or mice4 ,ano!r =mula recomm5ds 
two p>ts ( squills to ?ree p>ts ( f9ely 
*opp$ bacon1 mix$ ) meal en\gh to make x
 coh]e4 ,?is is bak$ 9 small cakes4     
,poison 9 p\ltry h\ses4--,= poison+ rats
 9 build+s & y>ds occupi$ by p\ltry !   
foll[+ me?od is recomm5d$3 ,two wood5   
boxes %\ld be us$1 "o consid]ably l>g]  
?an ! o!r & ea* hav+ "o or m holes 9 !  
sides l>ge en\gh to admit rats4 ,!      
poison$ bait %\ld be plac$ on ! bottom &
 ne> ! middle ( ! small] box1 & ! l>g]  
box %\ld !n be inv]t$ ov] x4 ,rats ?us h

 free access to ! bait1 b f[ls are      
exclud$4   ,,dome/ic ,,animals4  ,among 
dome/ic animals employ$ to kill rats are
 ! dog1 ! cat1 & ! f]ret4  ,dogs4--,!   
value ( dogs z ratt]s c n be appreciat$ 
by p]sons :o h _h no exp]i5ce ) a tra9$ 
animal4 ,! ord9>y cur & ! l>g] bre$s (  
dogs seldom develop ! necess>y qualities
 = ratt]s4 ,small ,iri%1 ,scot*1 & fox  
t]ri]s1 :5 prop]ly tra9$1 are sup]ior to
 o!r bre$s & "u favorable circum/ances  
may be reli$ ^u to keep ! f>m premises  
reasonably free f rats4  ,cats4--,h[ev] 
valuable cats may be z m\s]s1 few le>n  
to cat* rats4 ,! ord9>y h\se cat is too 
well f$ & consequ5tly too lazy to       
und]take ! capture ( an animal z        
=midable z ! br[n rat4 ,birds & mice are
 mu* m to its lik+4 ,cats t are fe>less 
( rats1 h[ev]1 & h le>n$ to hunt &      
de/roy !m are (t5 v useful ab\t /ables &
 w>eh\ses4 ,!y %\ld be lightly f$1      
*iefly on milk4 ,a little sulphur 9 !   
milk at int]vals is a corrective aga9/ !
 bad effects ( a con/ant rat or m\se    

diet4 ,cats (t5 die f eat+ ^! rod5ts4   
,f]rets4--,tame f]rets1 l weasels1 are  
invet]ate foes ( rats1 & c foll[ !      
rod5ts into _! retreats4 ,"u favorable  
circum/ances !y are useful aids to ! rat
 cat*]1 b _! value is greatly           
ov]e/imat$4 ,= effective "w !y require  
exp]i5c$ h&l+ & ! additional s]vices ( a
 dog or two4 ,dogs & f]rets mu/ be      
?or\ghly accu/om$ to ea* o!r1 & ! =m]   
mu/ be quiet & /eady in/ead ( noisy &   
excitable4 ,! f]ret is us$ only to bolt 
! rats1 :i* are kill$ by ! dogs4 ,if    
unmuzzl$ f]rets are s5t into rat        
retreats1 !y are apt to make a kill & !n
 lie up aft] suck+ ! blood ( _! victim4 
,sometimes !y rema9 = h\rs 9 ! burr[s or
 escape by o!r exits & are lo/4 ,!re is 
dang] t ^! lo/ f]rets may adapt !mselves
 to wild conditions & become a pe/ by   
prey+ ^u p\ltry & birds4   ,,fumigation4
  ,rats may be de/roy$ 9 _! burr[s 9 !  
fields & along riv] banks1 levees1 &    
dikes by c>bon bisulphid4#g ,a wad (    
cotton or o!r absorb5t mat]ial is       

saturat$ ) ! liquid & !n pu%$ into !    
burr[1 ! op5+ be+ pack$ ) e>? to prev5t 
! escape ( ! gas4 ,all animals 9 ! burr[
 are asphyxiat$4 ,fumigation 9 build+s  
is n s satisfactory1 because x is       
difficult to conf9e ! gases4 ,moreov]1  
:5 effective1 ! odor f ! dead rats is   
highly objectionable 9 occupi$ build+s4 
,*lor91 c>bon monoxid1 sulphur dioxid1 &
 hydrocyanic acid are ! gases mo/ us$ = 
de/roy+ rats & mice 9 %$s1 w>eh\ses1 &  
/ores4 ,ea* is effective if ! gas c be  
conf9$ & made to rea* ! retreats ( !    
animals4 ,ow+ to ! great dang] f fire   
incid5t to burn+ *>coal or sulphur 9 op5
 pans1 a special furnace provid$ ) means
 = =c+ ! gas into ! comp>tm5ts ( vessels
 or build+s is g5]ally employ$4         
,hydrocyanic-acid gas is effective 9    
de/roy+ all animal life 9 build+s4 ,x   
has be5 successfully us$ to free        
elevators & w>eh\ses ( rats1 mice1 &    
insects4 ,h[ev]1 x is s dang]\s to human
 life t ! novice %\ld n attempt         
fumigation ) x1 except "u c>eful        

in/ructions4 ,directions = prep>+ & us+ 
! gas may be f\nd 9 a publication       
entitl$ ,hydrocyanic-acid ,gas aga9/    
,h\sehold ,insects1 by ,dr4 ,l4 ,o4     
,h[>d & ,*>les ,h4 ,pop5oe4#h  ,c>bon   
monoxid is r dang]\s1 z its pres5ce 9 ! 
hold ( a vessel or o!r comp>tm5t is n   
manife/ to ! s5ses1 & fatal accid5ts h  
occurr$ dur+ its employm5t to fumigate  
vessels4  ,*lor9 gas has a /rong blea*+ 
action ^u textile fabrics1 & = ?is      
reason c n be us$ 9 _m situations4      
,sulphur dioxid also has a blea*+ effect
 ^u textiles1 b less m>k$ ?an t ( *lor91
 & ord9>ily x is n noticeable ) ! small 
p]c5tage ( ! gas x is necess>y to use4  
,on ! :ole1 ?is gas has _m advantages z 
a fumigator & dis9fectant4 ,x is us$    
also z a fire ext+ui%] on bo>d vessels4 
,special furnaces = g5]at+ ! gas & =c+ x
 into ! comp>tm5ts ( %ips & build+s are 
on ! m>ket1 & _m /eam%ips & docks are n[
 fitt$ ) ! necess>y app>atus4   ,,rat   
,,viruses4  ,sev]al microorganisms1 or  
bact]ia1 f\nd orig9ally 9 diseas$ rats  

or mice1 h be5 exploit$ = de/roy+ rats4 
,a numb] ( ^! s-call$ rat viruses are on
 ! ,am]ican m>ket4 ,! ,biological       
,survey1 ! ,bureau ( ,animal ,indu/ry1 &
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,public ,heal? ,s]vice 
h made c>eful inve/igations & practical 
te/s ( ^! viruses1 mo/ly ) negative     
results4 ,! cultures te/$ by !          
,biological ,survey h n prov$           
satisfactory4  ,! *ief defects to be    
ov]come be=e ! cultures c be recomm5d$ =
 g5]al use are3  #a4 ,! virul5ce is n   
great en\gh to kill a suffici5tly high  
p]c5tage ( rats t eat food conta9+ !    
microorganisms4  #b4 ,! virul5ce        
decreases ) ! age ( ! cultures4 ,!y     
det]iorate 9 w>m wea!r & 9 bright       
sunlight4  #c4 ,! diseases result+ f !  
microorganisms are n contagi\s & d n    
spread by contact ( diseas$ ) heal?y    
animals4  #d4 ,! comp>ative co/ ( !     
cultures is too great = g5]al use4 ,s9ce
 !y h no advantages ov] ! common        
poisons1 except t !y are usually h>mless
 to man & o!r animals1 !y %\ld be       

equally *eap2 b _! actual co/ is mu*    
great]4 ,moreov]1 consid]+ ! skill & c>e
 necess>y 9 _! prep>ation1 x is d\btful 
if ! co/ c be greatly r$uc$4  ,!        
,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 !re=e1 does n 
prep>e1 use1 or recomm5d ! use ( rat    
viruses4   ,,natural ,,enemies ,,(      
,,rats ,,& ,,mice4  ,among ! natural    
enemies ( rats & mice are ! l>g] hawks &
 owls1 skunks1 foxes1 coyotes1 weasels1 
m9ks1 dogs1 cats1 & f]rets4  ,probably !
 greate/ factor 9 ! increase ( rats1    
mice1 & o!r de/ructive rod5ts 9 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates has be5 ! p]si/5t kill+ (f ( !  
birds & mammals t prey ^u !m4 ,animals t
 on ! :ole are decid$ly b5eficial1 s9ce 
!y subsi/ ^u h>mful insects & rod5ts1   
are habitually de/roy$ by "s f>m]s &    
sportsm5 because !y occasionally kill a 
*ick5 or a game bird4  ,! value (       
c>nivor\s mammals & ! l>g] birds ( prey 
9 de/roy+ rats & mice %\ld be m fully   
recogniz$1 especially by ! f>m] & ! game
 pres]v]4 ,rats actually de/roy m p\ltry
 & game1 bo? eggs & "y *icks1 ?an all ! 

birds & wild mammals comb9$2 yet "s ( _!
 enemies among our mo/ useful birds (   
prey & c>nivor\s mammals are p]secut$   
almo/ to ! po9t ( ext9ction4 ,an        
enlight5$ public s5tim5t %\ld cause !   
repeal ( all b\nties on ^! animals &    
af=d protection to ! majority ( !m4     
,,organiz$ ,,ef=ts ,,to ,,de/roy ,,rats4
   ,! necessity ( coop]ation &          
organization 9 ! "w ( rat de/ruction is 
( ! utmo/ importance4 ,to de/roy all !  
animals on ! premises ( a s+le f>m] 9 a 
community has little p]man5t value1 s9ce
 !y are soon replac$ f ne>-by f>ms4 ,if1
 h[ev]1 ! f>m]s ( an entire t[n%ip or   
c\nty unite 9 ef=ts to get rid ( rats1  
mu* m la/+ results may be atta9$4 ,if   
cont9u$ f ye> to ye>1 su* organiz$ ef=ts
 are v effective4   ,,community ,,ef=ts4
  ,coop]ative ef=ts to de/roy rats h    
tak5 v>i\s =ms 9 diff]5t localities4 ,9 
cities1 municipal employees h           
occasionally be5 set at "w hunt+ rats f 
_! retreats1 ) at lea/ tempor>y b5efit  
to ! community4 ,?us1 9 #aijd1 at       

,folke/one1 ,engl&1 a t[n ( ab\t #be1jjj
 inhabitants1 ! corporation employees1  
help$ by dogs1 9 ?ree days kill$ #a1fde 
rats4  ,side hunts 9 :i* rats are ! only
 animals t c\nt 9 ! conte/ h sometimes  
be5 organiz$ & successfully c>ri$ out4  
,at ,new ,burl+ton1 ,ohio1 a rat hunt   
took place "s ye>s ago 9 :i* ea* ( ! two
 sides kill$ ov] #h1jjj rats1 ! beat5   
p>ty s]v+ a banquet to ! w9n]s4  ,!re is
 dang] t organiz$ rat hunts w be foll[$ 
by long int]vals ( indiff]5ce &         
inaction4 ,?is may be prev5t$ by (f]+   
prizes cov]+ a def9ite p]iod ( ef=t4    
,su* prizes accompli% m ?an municipal   
b\nties1 because !y secure a fri5dly    
rivalry :i* /imulates ! conte/ants to d 
_! utmo/ to w94  ,9 ,engl& & "s ( its   
colonies conte/s = prizes h be5 organiz$
 to promote ! de/ruction ( ! ,engli%1 or
 h\se1 sp>r[1 b _m ( ! s-call$ sp>r[    
clubs are really sp>r[ & rat clubs1 = ! 
de/ruction ( bo? pe/s is ! av[$ object (
 ! organizations4 ,a sp>r[ club 9 ,k5t1 
,engl&1 accompli%$ ! de/ruction (       

#bh1jjj sp>r[s & #af1jjj rats 9 ?ree    
seasons by ! annual exp5diture ( b ,l#f 
7#bi4bj7 9 prize money4 ,_h ord9>y      
b\nties be5 paid = ?is de/ruction1 ! tax
 on ! community w\ld h be5 ab\t ,l#bej  
7ov] #a1bjj74  ,_m organizations already
 =m$ %\ld be int]e/$ 9 de/roy+ rats4    
,bo>ds ( trade1 civic societies1 &      
citiz5s' associations 9 t[ns & f>m]s' & 
wom5's clubs 9 rural communities w f9d !
 subject ( great importance4 ,wom5's    
municipal leagues 9 sev]al l>ge cities  
already h tak5 up ! matt]4 ,! league 9  
,baltimore rec5tly secur$ appropriations
 ( funds = exp5diture 9 fight+          
mosquitoes1 flies1 & rats4 ,! league 9  
,bo/on dur+ ! pa/ ye>1 support$ by      
volunt>y contributions = ! purpose1 made
 a highly cr$itable educational campaign
 aga9/ rats4 ,boys' corn clubs1 ! troops
 ( ,boy ,sc\ts1 & simil> organizations  
c\ld d excell5t "w 9 rat campaigns4     
,,/ate ,,& ,,national ,,aid4  ,to secure
 p]man5t results any g5]al campaign = ! 
elim9ation ( rats mu/ aim at build+ !   

animals out ( %elt] & food4 ,build+     
re=ms dep5d on municipal ord9ances &    
legislative enactm5ts4 ,! rec5t plague  
eradication "w ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,public
 ,heal? ,s]vice 9 ,san ,francisco1      
,seattle1 ,new ,orleans1 & at v>i\s     
places 9 ,hawaii & ,porto ,rico requir$ 
su* ord9ances & laws z well z f9ancial  
aid 9 prosecut+ ! "w4 ,! campaign (     
,dani% & ,sw$i% organizations = !       
de/ruction ( rats _h ! help ( gov]nm5tal
 appropriations4 ,! legislatures (      
,cali=nia1 ,texas1 ,indiana1 & ,hawaii h
 9 rec5t ye>s pass$ laws or made        
appropriations to aid 9 rat riddance4 ,x
 is probable t well-organiz$ ef=ts (    
communities w\ld soon w9 legislative    
support ev]y:]e4 ,communities %\ld n    
po/pone ef=ts1 h[ev]1 :ile wait+ =      
legislative coop]ation1 b %\ld at once  
organize & beg9 repressive op]ations4   
,:]ev] heal? is ?reat5$ ! ,public ,heal?
 ,s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates c coop]ate1 &
 :]e crops & o!r products are endang]$ !
 ,bureau ( ,biological ,survey ( !      

,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture is ready to    
assi/ by advice & 9 demon/ration (      
me?ods4     ,,important ,,repressive    
,,measures4   ,! measures ne$$ =        
repress+ & elim9at+ rats & mice include 
! foll[+3  #a4 ,! requirem5t t all new  
build+s erect$ %all be made rat-pro( "u 
compet5t inspection4  #b4 ,t all exi/+  
rat-pro( build+s %all be clos$ aga9/    
rats & mice by hav+ all op5+s accessible
 to ! animals1 f f\ndation to ro(1 clos$
 or scre5$ by door1 w9d[1 grat+1 or me%$
 wire nett+4  #c4 ,t all build+s n (    
rat-pro( con/ruction %all be made s by  
remodel+1 by ! use ( mat]ials t may n be
 pi]c$ by rats1 or by elevation4  #d4 ,!
 protection ( our native hawks1 owls1 & 
small] pr$atory mammals--! natural      
enemies ( rats4  #e4 ,great] cleanl9ess 
ab\t m>kets1 groc]y /ores1 w>eh\ses1    
c\rts1 alleys1 /ables1 & vacant lots 9  
cities & villages1 & l c>e on f>ms &    
suburban premises4 ,?is includes !      
/orage ( wa/e & g>bage 9 tightly cov]$  
vessels & ! prompt disposal ( x ea* day4

  #f4 ,c>e 9 ! con/ruction ( dra9s &    
sew]s1 s z n to provide entrance &      
retreat = rats4 ,old brick sew]s 9      
cities %\ld be replac$ by concrete or   
tile4  #g4 ,! e>ly ?re%+ & m>ket+ (     
gra9s on f>ms1 s t /acks & m[s %all n   
furni% h>borage & food = rats4  #h4     
,removal ( outly+ /raw /acks & piles (  
tra% or lumb] t h>bor rats 9 fields &   
vacant lots4  #i4 ,! keep+ ( provisions1
 se$ gra91 & food/uffs 9 rat-pro(       
conta9]s4  #aj4 ,keep+ effective rat    
dogs1 especially on f>ms & 9 city       
w>eh\ses4  #aa4 ,! sy/ematic de/ruction 
( rats1 :5ev] & :]ev] possible1 by 7a7  
trapp+1 7b7 poison+1 & 7c7 organiz$     
hunts4  #ab4 ,! organization ( clubs &  
o!r societies = sy/ematic w>f>e aga9/   
rats4   ,,footnotes3  #a ,mus musculus4 
#b ,rattus norvegicus4  #c ,rattus      
rattus rattus4  #d ,rattus rattus       
alex&r9us4  #e ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #dfa1   
,use ( ,concrete on ! ,f>m1 w prove     
useful to city & village dwell]s z well 
z to ! f>m]4  #f ,scilla m>itima4  #g   

,,caution4--,c>bon disulphid is v       
inflammable & c be ignit$ by a mat*1    
lant]n1 cig>1 or pipe4  #h ,f>m]s'      
,bullet9 #fii4     ,,publications ,,(   
,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,dep>tm5t ,,(      
,,agriculture ,,relat+ ,,to ,,noxi\s    
,,mammals4   ,,available ,,= ,,free     
,,di/ribution4      ,h[ to ,de/roy      
,rats4 7,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #cfi47      ,! 
,common ,mole ( ,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates4   
7,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #ehc47      ,field    
,mice z ,f>m & ,or*>d ,pe/s4 7,f>m]s'   
,bullet9 #fgj47      ,cottontail        
,rabbits 9 ,relation to ,trees & ,f>m   
,crops4 7,f>m]s'     ,bullet9 #gjb47    
,trapp+ ,moles & ,utiliz+ ,_! ,sk9s4    
7,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #hcb47      ,de/roy+  
,rod5t ,pe/s on ! ,f>m4 7,sep>ate #gjh1 
,ye>book =     #aiaf47   ,,= ,,sale ,,by
 ,,! ,,sup]9t5d5t ,,( ,,docum5ts1       
,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice1 ,,wa%+ton1  
,d4 ,c4      ,h>mful & ,b5eficial       
,mammals ( ! ,arid ,int]ior1 ) ,special 
,ref]5ce to ! ,c>son & ,humboldt        
,valleys1 ,nevada4 7,f>m]s'     ,bullet9

 #cce47 ,price #e c5ts4      ,! ,nevada 
,m\se ,plague ( #aijg-h4 7,f>m]s'       
,bullet9 #ceb47 ,price #e     c5ts4     
,"s ,common ,mammals ( ,we/]n ,montana 9
 ,relation to ,agriculture     & ,spott$
 ,fev]4 7,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #dhd47 ,price 
#e c5ts4      ,dang] ( ,introduc+       
,noxi\s ,animals & ,birds4 7,sep>ate    
#acb1     ,ye>book #ahih47 ,price #e    
c5ts4      ,mead[ ,mice 9 ,relation to  
,agriculture & ,horticulture4 7,sep>ate 
#chh1 ,ye>book #aije47 ,price #e c5ts4  
,m\se ,plagues1 ,_! ,control &          
,prev5tion4 7,sep>ate #dhb1 ,ye>book    
#aijh47 ,price--c5ts4      ,use (       
,poisons = ,de/roy+ ,noxi\s ,mammals4   
7,sep>ate #dia1     ,ye>book #aijh47    
,price #e c5ts4      ,pocket ,goph]s z  
,enemies ( ,trees4 7,sep>ate #ejf1      
,ye>book #aiji47     ,price #e c5ts4    
,! ,jack ,rabbits ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4    
7,biological ,survey ,bullet9     #h47  
,price #aj c5ts4      ,economic ,/udy ( 
,field ,mice1 g5us ,microtus4           
7,biological ,survey     ,bullet9 #ca47 

,price #ae c5ts4      ,! ,br[n ,rat 9 ! 
,unit$ ,/ates4 7,biological ,survey     
,bullet9 #cc47     ,price #ae c5ts4     
,directions = ! ,de/ruction ( ,wolves & 
,coyotes4 7,biological     ,survey      
,circul> #ee47 ,price #e c5ts4      ,!  
,cali=nia ,gr\nd ,squirrel4 7,biological
 ,survey ,circul> #gf47     ,price #e   
c5ts4      ,se$-eat+ ,mammals 9         
,relation to ,re=e/ation4 7,biological  
,survey     ,circul> #gh47 ,price #e    
c5ts4      ,mammals ( ,bitt]root        
,valley1 ,montana1 9 ,_! ,relation to   
,spott$     ,fev]4 7,biological ,survey 
,circul> #hb47 ,price #e c5ts4