,the ,art of ,life ,series   ,the ,super
 ,race       ,,the ,,art ,,of ,,life    
,,series    ,edward ,howard ,griggs1    
,editor     ,the ,super ,race    ,,an   
,,american ,,problem     ,,by ,,scott   
,,nearing1 ,ph4,d4    ,,wharton         
,,school1 ,,university ,,of             
,,pennsylvania   ,,author ,,of ,,social 
,,adjustment1 ,,etc4     ,,new ,,york   
,b4 ,w4 ,,huebsch   #aiai               
,copyright1 #aiab1 by ,b4 ,w4 ,,huebsch 
,first printing1 ,may1 #aiab   ,second  
printing1 ,may1 #aiai     ,,printed ,,in
 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4     ,,to ,,the ,,mothers   
,,and ,,fathers ,,of ,,the ,,super      
,,race     ,,foreword   ,for ages men   
have sought to perpetuate their memories
 in enduring monuments of brass and of  
stone4 ,yet1 in their efforts to build  
lasting memorials they have neglected   
the most enduring monument of all--the  
,monument of ,posterity4 ,these         
farseeing ones have overlooked their    
real opportunity2 for in posterity--in  
the achievements of their children's    

children1 men may best hope to reflect a
 lasting greatness4     ,,contents      
,,chapter                               
,,page      ,i ,,the ,,call ,,of ,,the  
,,super ,,race                          
#ac     ,,ii ,,eugenics--,,the ,,science
 ,,of ,,race ,,culture                  
#bf    ,,iii ,,social                   
,,adjustment--,,the ,,science ,,of      
,,molding ,,institutions    #dd     ,,iv
 ,,education--,,the ,,science ,,of      
,,individual ,,development          #ee 
,v ,,the ,,american ,,opportunity       
#ge     ,the ,super ,race     ,,chapter 
,i  ,,the ,,call ,,of ,,the ,,super     
,,race   ,as a very small boy1 ,i       
distinctly remember that stories of the 
discovery of ,america and ,australia1 of
 the exploration of ,central ,africa and
 of the invention of the locomotive1 the
 steamboat1 and the telegraph made a    
deep impression on my childish mind2 and
 ,i shall never forget going one day to 
my mother and saying3--  ,oh1 dear1 ,i  
wish ,i had been born before everything 

was discovered and invented4 ,now1 there
 is nothing left for me to do4          
,brooding over it1 and wondering why it 
should be so1 my boyish soul felt deeply
 the tragedy of being born into an      
uneventful age4 ,i fully believed that  
the great achievements of the world were
 in the past4 ,imagine then my joy when1
 in the course of my later studies1 it  
slowly dawned upon me that the age in   
which ,i lived was1 after all1 an age of
 unparalleled activity4 ,i saw the much 
vaunted discoveries and inventions of   
by-gone days in their true proportions4 
,they no longer preempted the whole     
world--present and future1 as well as   
past1 but1 freed from romance1 they     
ranged themselves in the form of a      
foundation upon which the structure of  
civilization is building4 ,the          
successive steps in human achievement1  
from the use of fire to the harnessing  
of electricity1 constituted a process of
 evolution creating a stage where every 
man must play his part--a part expanding

 and broadening with each succeeding    
generation2 and ,i saw that ,i had a    
place among the actors in this play of  
progress4 ,the forward steps of the past
 need not1 and would not prevent me from
 achieving in the present--nay1 they    
might even make a place1 if ,i could but
 find it1 for my feet2 they might hold  
up my hands1 and place within my grasp  
the keen tools with which ,i should do  
my work4  ,the school boy1 passing from 
an attitude of contemplation and wonder 
before the things of the past into an   
attitude of active recognition of the   
necessities of the present1 passed      
through the evolutionary process of the 
race4 ,the savage1 ,sir ,henry ,maine   
tells us1 lives in a state of abject    
fear1 bound hand and foot by the sayings
 and doings of his ancestors and blinded
 by the terrors of nature4 ,the         
lightning flashes1 and the untutored    
mind1 trembling1 bows before the wrath  
of a jealous ,god2 the harvest fails1   
and the savage humbly submits to the    

vengeance of an incensed deity2         
pestilence destroys the people1 and the 
primitive man sees in this catastrophe a
 punishment inflicted on him for his    
failure to propitiate an exacting       
spirit--in these and a thousand other   
ways uncivilized peoples accept the     
phenomena in which nature displays her  
power1 as the expressed will of an      
omnipotent being4 ,one course alone is  
open to them2 they must bow down before 
the unknown1 accepting as inevitable    
those forces which they neither can     
understand nor conquer4  ,civilization  
has meant enlightenment and achievement4
 ,in lightning1 ,franklin saw a potent  
giant which he enslaved for the service 
of man2 in famine1 ,burbank discovered a
 lack of proper adjustment between the  
soil and the crops that men were        
cultivating--thereupon he produced a    
wheat that would thrive on an annual    
rainfall of twelve inches2 in           
pestilence1 ,pasteur recognized the     
ravages of an organism which he prepared

 to study and destroy4 ,lightning1      
famine and pestilence are1 to the       
primitive man1 the threatening of a     
wrathful god2 but to the progressive    
thinker they are merely forces which    
must be utilized or counteracted in the 
work of human achievement4  ,as a boy1  
,i believed my opportunities to be      
limited by the achievements of the past4
 ,as a man1 ,i see in these past        
achievements not hindrances1 but the    
foundation stones which the past has    
laid down1 upon which the present must  
build1 in order that the future may     
erect the perfected structure of a      
higher civilization4 ,i see all of this 
clearly1 and ,i see one thing more4 ,in 
the old days which ,i had erstwhile     
envied1 one event of world import might 
have been chronicled for each decade1   
but in the nineteenth and twentieth     
centuries1 such an event may be         
chronicled for each year1 or month or   
even for each day4 ,the achievements of 
the past were noteworthy3 these of the  

present are stupendous4  ,the process of
 social evolution reveals itself in     
these progressive steps4 ,because the   
past has built1 the present is          
building--building in order that the    
future may stand higher in its          
realization of potential life4 ,the past
 was an age of uncertain1 hesitating    
advance4 ,the present1 an age of dynamic
 achievement1 leads on into the future  
of human development4  ,in the twentieth
 century3       #a4 ,knowledge provides 
a basis for activity4       #b4 ,the    
social atmosphere palpitates with       
enthusiastic resolve and      abounds in
 noble endeavor4       #c4 ,there is    
work for each one to perform4  ,the     
despondent boy has thus evolved into the
 enthusiastic worker whose watchword is 
,forward6--forward towards a new goal1  
whose very existence is made attainable 
through the achievements of the past3 a 
goal before which the triumphs of bygone
 ages pale into insignificance4  ,the   
past worked with things4 ,pyramids were 

built1 cities constructed1 mountains    
tunneled1 trade augmented1 fortunes     
amassed4 ,hear ,ruskin's comment on this
 devotion to material wealth3           
,nevertheless1 it is open1 ,i repeat1 to
 serious question1 444 whether1 among   
national manufactures1 that of souls of 
a good quality may not at last turn out 
a quite lucrative one4 ,nay1 in some    
far-away and yet undreamed of hour1 ,i  
can even imagine that ,england 444 as a 
,christian mother1 may at last attain to
 the virtues and the treasures of a     
heathen one1 and be able to lead forth  
her sons1 saying3 ',these are my        
jewels4'#a  ,the past worked with       
things3 the future1 rising higher in the
 scale of civilization1 must work with  
men--with the plastic1 living clay of   
humanity4 ,as ,solomon long ago said1   
,he that ruleth his own spirit is       
greater than he that taketh a city4 ,the
 men of the past built cities and took  
them4 ,they brought the forces of nature
 into subjection and remodeled the world

 as a living place for humanity1 yet1   
save for a shadow in ,rome and an echo  
from ,greece1 there is scarcely a trace 
in history of a consistent attempt to   
evolve nobler men4  ,material objects   
have cost the nations untold effort1 but
 human fiber--the life blood of         
nations--has been overlooked or         
forgotten4 ,the world is weary of this  
emphasis on things and this             
forgetfulness of men2 the ether trembles
 with the clamor for manhood4 ,the      
fields1 white to harvest1 are awaiting  
the laborers who1 building on the       
discoveries and inventions of things in 
the past1 will so mold the human clay of
 the present that the future may boast a
 society of men and women possessing the
 qualities of the ,super ,race4  ,what  
is a ,super ,race8 ,nothing more nor    
less than a race representing1 in the   
aggregate1 the qualities of the ,super  
,man--the qualities which enable one    
possessing them to live what ,herbert   
,spencer described so luminously as a   

complete life1 namely1--    #a4         
,physical normality4   #b4 ,mental      
capacity4   #c4 ,concentration4   #d4   
,aggressiveness4   #e4 ,sympathy4   #f4 
,vision4  ,these characteristics of the 
,super ,man express themselves in his   
activity3    #a4 ,physical normality    
provides energy4   #b4 ,mental capacity 
gives mental grasp4   #c4               
,aggressiveness4                        
produce efficiency4   #d4               
,concentration4     #e4 ,sympathy leads 
to harmony with things and cooperation  
with men4   #f4 ,vision shows itself in 
ideals4  ,the energy to do2 and the     
mental grasp to appreciate2 together    
with the capacity to choose efficiently1
 furnish the basis for achievement4     
,achievement1 however1 is not in itself 
a guarantee of worth unless its course  
is shaped by sympathy and directed      
toward a goal which is determined by the
 prophetic power of vision4 ,such are   
the characteristics which1 combined in  
one individual1 insure completeness of  

life4 ,about them1 philosophers have    
reasoned and poets have sung4 ,they are 
the acme of human perfection--the ideal 
of individual attainment4  ,though they 
have been thus idealized1 these         
qualities are not new4 ,they have       
existed for ages1 as they exist to-day1 
occasionally combined in one individual 
but usually appearing separately in     
members of the social group4 ,they form 
part of the heritage of the human race1 
and in spite of neglect and lack of     
fostering1 they are widespread in all   
sections of the population4 ,the        
production of a race of men and women1 a
 great majority of whom shall possess   
these qualities1 will mean the next     
great step in human achievement4  ,the  
,super ,man has lived for ages4 ,the    
,greeks traced the descent of their     
heroes and heroines--their ,super       
,men--from the ,gods4 ,it was thus that 
they explained exceptional ability4     
,exceptional men live to-day1 as they   
did in ancient ,greece1 directing the   

thought and work of the times4 ,they    
possess the qualities of the ,super     
,man--physical normality1 mental        
capacity1 aggressiveness1 concentration1
 sympathy and vision2 and1 above all1 we
 now understand that they are not the   
offspring of the gods1 but the sons of  
men and women whose combined parental   
qualities inevitably produced ,super    
,men4 ,the ,super ,man is not a theory1 
nor an accident1 but a natural product  
of natural conditions4  ,though the     
,super ,man may be met with occasionally
 in modern society1 and though the      
qualities ascribed to him are manifest  
everywhere among those who have had an  
opportunity for their development2      
opinions still differ as to the         
possibility of producing a ,super ,race4
 ,an even greater difference of opinion 
is encountered when an attempt is made  
to formulate the means which should be  
adopted to secure such an end2 yet there
 can be little difference of opinion as 
to the desirability1 from a national as 

well as from an individual standpoint1  
of creating a race of ,super ,men4  ,the
 call of the present age for a ,super   
,race is thus voiced by ,yeats1#b    ,o 
,silver ,trumpets6 ,be you lifted up1   
,and cry to the great race that is to   
come4   ,long throated swans1 amid the  
,waves of ,time1   ,sing loudly1 for    
beyond the wall of the ,world   ,it     
waits1 and it may hear and come to us4  
,we long for the coming of the ,super   
,race4 ,we aim toward this goal4 ,can it
 be compassed in finite time8 ,is       
,nietzsche right when he says1--,i teach
 you beyond-man4 ,all beings hitherto   
have created something beyond           
themselves4 ,what is great in man is    
that he is a bridge and not a goal4 ,not
 whence ye come1 be your honor in the   
future1 but whither ye go6 ,in your     
children ye shall make amends for being 
your father's children4 ,thus ye shall  
redeem all that is past4#c  ,shall we   
make amends to the future8 ,come1 then1 
let us reason together concerning the   

measures which must be adopted to raise 
the standard of succeeding generations4 
,there are three means which lie ready  
at hand3 three sciences which lend      
themselves to our task3 three tools with
 which we may shape the ,super ,race4   
,they are3       #a4 ,eugenics--,the    
science of race culture4       #b4      
,social adjustment--,the science of     
molding institutions4       #c4         
,education--,the science of individual  
development4  ,the science of ,eugenics 
treats of those forces which1 through   
the biologic processes of heredity1 may 
be relied upon to provide the inherited 
qualities of the ,super ,race4 ,the     
science of ,social ,adjustment treats of
 those forces which1 through the        
modification of social institutions1 may
 be relied upon to provide a congenial  
environment for the ,super ,race4 ,the  
science of ,education aims to assist the
 child in unfolding and developing the  
hereditary qualities of the ,super ,man1
 provided through eugenic guarantees4   

,hence1 ,eugenics1 ,social ,adjustment  
and ,education are sciences1 the mastery
 of which is a pre-requisite to the     
development of the ,super ,race4        
,,chapter ,,ii  ,,eugenics--,,the       
,,science ,,of ,,race ,,culture   ,the  
object of ,eugenics is the conscious    
improvement of the human race by the    
application of the laws of heredity to  
human mating4 ,eugenics is the logical  
fruition of the progress in biologic    
science made during the nineteenth      
century4  ,the laws of heredity1 studied
 in minute detail1 have been applied    
with marvelous success in the vegetable 
and animal kingdoms4 ,is there any good 
reason1 demands the eugenist1 why the   
formulas which have operated to         
re-combine the physical properties of   
plants and animals1 should not in like  
measure operate to modify the physical  
properties of men and women8  ,the      
studies which have been made of eye     
color1 length of arm1 head shape1 and   
other physical traits show that the same

 laws of heredity which apply in the    
animal and vegetable kingdoms apply as  
well in the kingdom of man4 ,since the  
species of plants and animals with which
 man has experimented have been improved
 by selective breeding1 there seems to  
be no good reason why the human race    
should not be susceptible of similar    
improvement4 ,what intelligent farmer   
sows blighted potatoes8 ,where is the   
dog fancier who would strive to rear a  
,st4 ,bernard from a mongrel dam8       
,neither yesterday nor yet to-morrow do 
men gather grapes of thorns4 ,those who 
have to do with life in any form1 aware 
of this fact1 refuse to permit          
propagation except among the best       
members of a species3 hence with each   
succeeding generation the ox increases  
in size and strength2 the apple in      
color2 the sweet pea in perfume2 and the
 horse in speed4 ,is this law of        
improving species a universal law8      
,alas1 no6 it rarely if ever applies in 
the selection of men and women for      

parenthood4 ,the human species has not1 
during historic times1 improved either  
in physique1 in mental capacity1 in     
aggressiveness1 in concentration1 in    
sympathy or in vision4 ,nay1 there are  
not wanting thoughtful students who     
affirm that in almost every one of these
 respects the exact contrary holds true4
  ,there appears to be some question as 
to whether the best of the ,greek       
athletes exceeded in strength and skill 
the modern professional athlete1 but    
there is no doubt at all that the       
average citizen of ,athens was a more   
perfect specimen physically than the    
average citizen of twentieth century    
,america4  ,some students insist that   
the level of intellectual capacity has  
been raised1 yet ,galton1 after a       
careful survey of the field1 concludes  
in his ,hereditary ,genius that the     
average citizen of ,athens was at least 
two degrees higher in the scale of      
intellectual attainment than the average
 ,englishman2 ,carl ,snyder#d boldly    

maintains that the intellectual ability 
of scientific men is less to-day than it
 was in past centuries2 while ,mrs4     
,martin1#e in a study more novel than   
scientific1 insists that the genius of  
the modern world is on a level          
distinctly below that of the genius of  
,greece4  ,perhaps ,american commercial 
aggressiveness is equal to the military 
aggressiveness of the ,romans1 the early
 ,germans1 and the followers of ,attila4
 ,we have concentrated most of our      
efforts upon industry1 yet even here1   
our concentration is no greater than    
that of the poets of the ,elizabethan   
era1 or the religious zealots of the    
,middle ,ages4 ,our sympathy with beauty
 is at so low an ebb that we fail even  
to approach the standard of past ages4  
,neither in art1 in sculpture1 nor in   
poetry do our achievements compare with 
those of the earlier ,mediterranean     
civilizations2 while our knowledge of   
men as revealed in our literature is not
 above that of the ,romans or the       

,athenians4 ,as for vision1 we still    
accept and strive to fulfill the        
commandments of the ,prophet of         
,nazareth4 ,in all of these fields1     
twentieth century ,america is equaled1  
if not outdone by the past4  ,thus the  
distinctive qualities of the ,super ,man
 appear in the past with an intensity   
equal if not superior to that of the    
present4 ,history records the           
transmutation of vegetable and animal   
species1 the revolution of industry1 the
 modification of social institutions1   
and the transformation of governmental  
systems2 but in all historic time1 it   
affirms no perceptible improvement in   
the qualities of man4 ,we must replace  
the man by the ,super ,man1 writes ,g4  
,bernard ,shaw4#f ,it is frightful for  
the citizen1 as the years pass him1 to  
see his own contemporaries so exactly   
reproduced by the younger generation4   
,nevertheless1 the possibility of race  
improvement exists4 ,what now           
characterizes the exceptionally high may

 be expected eventually to characterize 
all1 for that which the best human      
nature is capable of is within the reach
 of human nature at large4#g ,after     
years of intensive study1 ,spencer thus 
confidently expressed himself4 ,since he
 ceased to work1 each bit of scientific 
data along eugenic lines serves to      
confirm his opinion4 ,armed with such a 
belief and with the assurance which     
scientific research has afforded1 we are
 preparing in this eleventh hour to     
fulfill ,spencer's predictions4  ,there 
are two fields in which eugenics may be 
applied--the first1 ,negative1 the      
second1 ,positive4 ,through the         
establishment of ,negative ,eugenics the
 unfit will be restrained from mating   
and perpetuating their unfitness in the 
future4 ,through ,positive ,eugenics the
 fit may be induced to mate1 and by     
combining their fitness in their        
offspring1 to raise up each new         
generation out of the flower of the old4
 ,negative ,eugenics eliminates the     

unfit2 ,positive ,eugenics perpetuates  
the fit4  ,the field of ,negative       
,eugenics has been well explored4 ,no   
question exists as to the transmission  
through heredity of feeble mindedness1  
idiocy1 insanity and certain forms of   
criminality4 ,there is one way1 only one
 way1 out of this difficulty4 ,modern   
society 444 must declare that there     
shall be no unfit and defective citizens
 in the ,state4#h ,the ,greeks          
eliminated unfitness by the destruction 
of defective children2 though we may    
deplore such a practice in the light of 
our modern ethical codes1 we recognize  
the end as one essential to race        
progress4 ,by denying the right of      
parenthood to any who have transmissible
 disease or defect1 our modern knowledge
 enables us to accomplish the same end  
without recourse to the destruction of  
human life4  ,sir ,francis ,galton1 the 
founder of the science of ,eugenics1    
writes1 in his last important work1 ,i  
think that stern compulsion ought to be 

exerted to prevent the free propagation 
of the stock of those who are seriously 
afflicted by lunacy1 feeble-mindedness1 
habitual criminality and pauperism4#i   
,yet society1 in dealing with hereditary
 defect1 presents some of its most      
grotesque inconsistencies4 ,it is a     
curious comment on the artificiality of 
our social system that no stigma        
attaches to preventable ill-health4 ,an 
empty purse1 or a ruined home may mean  
social ostracism1 but break-down in     
person1 whatever the cause1 evokes      
sympathy1 subscription and silence4#aj  
,certain defects are known to be        
transmissible by heredity from parent to
 child1 until the cretin of ,balzac's   
,country ,doctor is reproduced for      
centuries4 ,the remedy for this form of 
social self-torture lies in the denial  
of parenthood to those who have         
transmissible defects4 ,individually1   
such a denial works hardships in this   
generation3 socially1 and to the future 
generations1 it means comparative       

freedom from individual1 and hence from 
social defect4  ,the problem of         
,positive ,eugenics presents an         
essentially different aspect4 ,as       
,ruskin so well observes--,it is a      
matter of no final concern1 to any      
parent1 whether he shall have two       
children or four2 but matter of quite   
final concern whether those he has shall
 or shall not deserve to be hanged4 ,the
 quality is always the significant      
factor4 ,whether in family or national  
progress1 an effort must be made to     
insure against hanging1 or against any  
tendency that leads gallowsward4        
,positive ,eugenics is the science of   
race building through wise mating4 ,as  
long as ability marries ability1 a large
 proportion of able offspring is a      
certainty4#aa ,what prospective parent  
does not fondly imagine that his        
children will be at least near-great8   
,yet how many individuals1 in their     
choice of a mate1 set out with the      
deliberate intention of securing a life 

partner whose qualities1 when combined  
with his own1 must produce greatness8   
,the ,darwin-,galton-,wedgwood families 
boast sixteen men of world fame in five 
generations2 in the ,bach family there  
were fifty-seven musicians of note in   
eight generations2 ,wood's study of     
,heredity in ,royalty shows the evident 
transmission of special ability2 yet men
 and women of ability1 anxious for able 
offspring1 mate without any rational    
effort to secure the end which they     
desire4 ,ninety-nine times out of a     
hundred our mathematician marries a     
woman whose family did not count a      
single astronomer1 physicist or other   
mathematical mind among it members4 ,the
 result of such a union is what could be
 expected4 ,although genius does not    
generally die out right away in the     
first generation1 it decreases by half1 
and further dilutions soon bring it down
 to nothingness4#ab  ,this1 in brief1 is
 the problem of ,negative and of        
,positive ,eugenics4 ,both defect and   

ability are transmitted by heredity2    
both are the product of the mating      
process known as marriage2 since society
 can and does control marriage1 it may1 
through this control1 exercise a real   
influence upon the character of future  
generations4  ,the science of ,eugenics 
is in its infancy1 yet1 widely          
established and vigorously applied1 it  
may revolutionize the human species4    
,the ,super ,race may come1 because     
looked at from the social standpoint1 we
 see how exceptional families1 by       
careful marriages1 can within even a few
 generations1 obtain an exceptional     
stock1 and how directly this suggests   
assortative mating as a moral duty for  
the highly endowed4 ,on the other hand1 
the exceptionally degenerate isolated in
 the slums of our modern cities can     
easily produce permanent stock also3 a  
stock which no change of environment    
will permanently elevate1 and which     
nothing but mixture with better blood   
will improve4 ,but this is an           

improvement of the bad by a social waste
 of the better4 ,we do not want to      
eliminate bad stock by watering it with 
good1 but by placing it under conditions
 where it is relatively or absolutely   
infertile4#ac  ,but what of love8 wails 
the sentimentalist2 in your scheme      
,eugenics outweighs ,cupid6 ,perhaps1   
but what of it8 ,cupid has proved in the
 past a sad bungler1 whose mistakes and 
failures grimace from every page of our 
divorce court records4 ,far from        
hindering his activities1 however1      
,eugenics will assist ,cupid by bringing
 together persons truly congenial--hence
 capable of an enduring love4 ,too many 
men have married a natty ,easter bonnet1
 or a cleverly tailored suit4 ,too many 
women have fallen a prey to a tempting  
bank account or a pair of glorious      
mustachios4 ,blind ,cupid limps but     
lamely over the rugged path of          
matrimonial bliss4 ,the questionable    
success of his best efforts proves his  
sure need of a guide4  ,eugenics        

represents an effort to bring together  
those people who have complementary     
qualities and complementary interests2  
who are capable of maintaining congenial
 relationships in the present2 and      
creating able offspring in the future4  
,selection and parenthood are the cradle
 of the future4 ,hence the individual   
who1 in the exercise of his choice1     
overlooks their significance overlooks  
one of his most important racial        
responsibilities4  ,society is          
interested in ,eugenics1 because it is  
through ,eugenics that the hereditary   
traits of the ,super ,race are          
perpetuated and perfected4 ,eugenics1   
rightly understood and applied1 is a    
social asset of unexcelled value4 ,how  
long1 then1 shall our society continue  
to feed on the husks1 neglecting the    
grain which lies everywhere ready at    
hand8  ,eugenics is indeed one means of 
race salvation1 yet what care do we take
 to perfect eugenic measures8 ,if       
through sheer chance1 some great        

mathematician is evolved one day out of 
the crowd1 the state--who should be ever
 on the watch for such events and whose 
main care should be to preserve and     
increase such sources of light1 progress
 and national glory--does nothing to    
protect the man of genius against care1 
disease or anything likely to shorten   
life nor to multiply the splendid       
thinking machine4#ad ,a great state must
 have for its component parts great men 
and women4 ,did we truly seek greatness1
 how many measures for its attainment   
lie neglected at our very doors6  ,every
 well regulated state of antiquity      
eliminated defectives in the interest of
 the group1 and of the future4 ,what    
more effective means of social          
preservation could be imagined than some
 measure through whose operation the    
defective classes in society would be   
eliminated1 and the social structure1   
bulwarked by stalwart manhood and       
womanhood1 made proof against the       
ravages of time4 ,how serious a thing is

 the propagation of defect6 ,murder is a
 crime1 punishable by death1 yet a      
murderer merely eliminates one unit from
 the social group4 ,the destruction of  
this one life may cause sorrow2 it may  
deprive society of a valued member2 but 
it is1 after all1 a comparatively       
insignificant offense4 ,the perpetuation
 of hereditary defect is infinitely     
worse than murder4 ,consider1 for       
example1 a marriage1 sanctioned by      
church and state1 between two persons   
both having in their blood hereditary   
feeble-mindedness4  ,investigations of  
thousands of feeble-minded families show
 that1 in such a case1 every one of the 
offspring may be and probably will be   
feeble-minded--a curse to himself and a 
burden to society4 ,pauperism1 crime1   
social dependence1 vice1 all follow in  
the train of mental defect1 and the     
mentally defective parents hand on for  
untold generations their                
taint--sometimes in more1 sometimes in  
less virulent form1 but always bringing 

into the world beings not only incapable
 of caring for themselves1 but fatally  
capable of handing on their defect to   
the future4 ,the murderer robs society2 
the mentally defective parent curses    
society1 both in the present and in the 
future1 with the taint of degeneracy4   
,the murderer takes away a life2 but the
 feeble-minded parent passes on to the  
future the seeds of racial decay4  ,the 
first step in ,eugenics progress--the   
elimination of defect by preventing the 
procreation of defectives--is easily    
stated1 and may be almost as easily     
attained4 ,the price of six battleships 
7#ej1jjj1jjj7 would probably provide    
homes for all of the seriously defective
 men1 women and children now at large in
 the ,united ,states4 ,thus could the   
scum of society be removed1 and a source
 of social contamination be effectively 
regulated4 ,yet with tens of thousands  
of defectives1 freely propagating their 
kind1 we continue to build battleships1 
fondly believing that rifled cannon and 

steel armor plate will prove sufficient 
for national defense4  ,this is but a   
part1 and by far the least important    
part1 of the eugenic programme4 ,the    
elimination of defect prevents          
degeneracy1 but does not insure the     
physical normality1 mental capacity1    
aggressiveness1 concentration1 sympathy 
and vision of the ,super ,man4 ,while   
the elimination of defect is imperative1
 it is after all only the first step    
toward the creation of positive         
qualities4  ,positive ,eugenics may be  
as obvious as ,negative ,eugenics1 but  
the promulgation of its doctrines is not
 equally easy4 ,a series of legislative 
enactments will prevent the mating of   
the hereditarily defective2 nothing but 
the most painstaking education can be   
relied upon to secure the mating of     
those eugenically fit4 ,nevertheless for
 that modern state which seeks to       
persist and dominate1 no lesser measure 
will suffice4 ,after all1 why should not
 society educate its youth to a sense of

 wisdom in mating8 ,the ,united ,states 
spends each year some four hundred      
millions of dollars in public education1
 teaching children to read1 to spell1 to
 sew1 to draw4 ,the importance of these 
studies is obvious1 yet1 from a social  
standpoint1 they cannot compare in      
significance with such training in the  
laws of heredity and biology as will    
insure wise choice in mating4 ,the      
state1 in its efforts at self           
preservation1 cannot lay too much       
emphasis on the training for eugenic    
choice4  ,biology1 through the laws of  
heredity1 applied in the science of     
,eugenics1 holds out every hope for the 
coming of the ,super ,man and of the    
,super ,race4 ,not in our knowledge of  
its laws1 but in the practice of its    
precepts1 are we lacking4  ,eugenics1 it
 is true1 in its negative and positive  
phases1 holds out a great hope for the  
future4 ,but ,eugenics alone will not   
suffice4 ,the science of ,eugenics must 
be coupled with the science of ,social  

,adjustment to insure the production of 
a ,super ,race4 ,the necessity of this  
union is well recognized by the students
 of heredity1 while the students of     
,social ,adjustment found their theories
 on premises essentially biologic in    
origin4 ,one of the most widely known   
writers on heredity concludes a recent  
book with the statement that--,at       
present1 we can only indicate that the  
future of our race depends on ,eugenics 
7in some form or other71 combined with  
the simultaneous evolution of eutechnics
 and eutopias4 ',brave words1' of       
course2 but surely not ',eutopian'6#ae  
,thus the knowledge and practice of the 
laws of heredity must be supplemented by
 a knowledge and practice of the laws of
 ,social ,adjustment4     ,,chapter     
,,iii  ,,social ,,adjustment--,,the     
,,science ,,of ,,molding ,,institutions 
,after a gardener has produced his seed1
 guaranteeing a good heredity by        
breeding together those individual      
plants which possess in the highest     

degree the qualities he desires to      
secure1 he turns his attention to the   
seed bed4 ,first of all1 the location   
must be good--the bed must be on a      
southern slope1 where it will benefit by
 the first warm rays of the spring sun2 
then the soil must be finely pulverized1
 in order that the tiny rootlets may    
easily force their way downward1 finding
 nourishment ready at hand2 when the    
seeds have been planted1 in ground well 
prepared and fertilized1 they must be   
watered1 cultivated1 weeded2 and as they
 develop into larger plants1 thinned1   
transplanted1 pruned and sprayed4 ,the  
wise gardener considers environment as  
well as heredity4 ,by sowing choice     
seeds in well prepared soil1 he ensures 
the excellence of his crop4  ,modern    
society may well be compared to a       
garden4 ,the plants are living1 moving  
beings1 with some freedom to act on     
their own initiative4 ,moreover1 it is  
they who make and tend the gardens in   
which they grow4 ,like the gardener in  

the story1 they must look to environment
 as well as to heredity4 ,the seed bed  
must be carefully prepared1 and the     
young plants1 as they appear1 must be   
given all the attention which science   
makes possible4 ,modern society is a    
garden of which the products are men and
 women4 ,the sowing1 weeding1           
cultivating--carried forward through    
social institutions--determines by its  
character whether the race shall decay1 
as other races have done1 or progress   
toward the ,super ,man4  ,the science of
 social gardening--,social              
,adjustment--has been given a great     
impetus1 in recent years1 by the        
increased knowledge of the relative     
influences of heredity and environment  
in determining the status of the        
individual4 ,this knowledge has led us  
to a belief in men4  ,earlier beliefs   
conceived of the majority of men as     
utterly depraved4 ,some indeed were     
among the elect1 but the remainder1 born
 to the lowest depths of the social     

gehenna1 were outcasts and pariahs1     
helpless in this world and hopeless in  
the next4 ,this doctrine of total       
depravity set at nought all progressive 
effort4 ,here stands a man--society has 
called him a criminal4 ,last year he    
attempted to steal an automobile1 less  
than three weeks after his release from 
serving a two-year sentence for grand   
larceny4 ,to-day he is in court again1  
charged with entering a lodging house   
and stealing three pairs of trousers and
 an overcoat4 ,the man is on trial for  
burglary--what shall be the social      
verdict regarding him8  ,alas1 mourns   
the advocate of total depravity1 ,god so
 made him4 ,it is not our right to      
interfere4  ,wait1 says the social      
scientist1 until ,i investigate the     
case4  ,the case is held over while the 
scientist makes his investigation4      
,after careful inquiry1 he reports that 
the young man's criminal record began at
 the age of nine1 when he was arrested  
for stealing bananas from a freight car4

 ,locked up with older criminals1 he    
soon learned their tricks4 ,he was      
nimble and could handle himself1 so his 
prison mates taught him the science of  
pocket picking1 and initiated him into  
the gentle art of shop lifting4 ,he was 
released1 after two months of this      
schooling1 and slipping out into the    
big1 black city1 he tried an experiment4
 ,succeeding1 he tried again1 and yet   
again4 ,before the month was out1 he was
 detected stealing a silk handkerchief1 
and was back in prison4 ,there his      
education was perfected1 and he entered 
the world to try once more4 ,from the   
world to jail1 from jail to the         
world--this boy's life history from the 
age of nine1 had been one long attempt  
to learn his trade2 fortunately or      
unfortunately1 he was somewhat of a     
bungler1 and sooner or later he was     
always caught4  ,when he was a boy1 he  
sneaked up a dingy court1 and three     
pairs of dirty stairs to a landing      
where1 in the rear of a battered        

tenement1 was an abode which he had been
 taught to call home4 ,his father1 a    
dock laborer1 earned1 on the average1   
about #cjj a year4 ,sometimes he worked 
steadily1 day and night1 for a week1 and
 earned #be or #cj2 then there would be 
no work for ten days or perhaps two     
weeks2 the money would run out2 the     
grocer would refuse credit2 and the     
family would be hungry4 ,it was during  
one of these hungry intervals that the  
nine-year-old urchin made his descent on
 the bananas in the freight car1 and    
received his first jail sentence4  ,his 
mother1 good hearted but woefully       
ignorant1 made the best of things1      
taking in washing1 doing odd jobs here  
and there1 tending to her children1 when
 opportunity offered1 and at other times
 letting them run the streets4  ,there1 
concludes the social scientist1 is the  
story of that boy's life4 ,his only     
picture of manhood is an inefficient    
father who cannot earn enough to support
 his family2 his concept of a mother    

expresses itself in good hearted        
ignorance2 his view of society has been 
secured from the rear of a shabby       
tenement1 the curb of a narrow street   
and a cell in the county jail4 ,the seed
 bed has been neither prepared1 watered1
 nor tended1 and the young shoot has    
grown wild4  ,the social scientist has  
not been content with an analysis of    
social maladjustment2 going further1 he 
has transplanted the young shoots from  
the defective seed bed to better ground4
 ,dr4 ,bernardo organized a system for  
taking the boy criminals out of the     
slums of ,english cities1 and sending   
them to farms in ,australia1 ,south     
,africa and ,canada4 ,nearly #ej1jjj    
boys have been thus disposed of4 ,though
 in their home cities many of them had  
already entered a criminal life1 in     
their new surroundings less than two per
 cent4 of them showed any tendency to   
revert to their former criminal         
practices4 ,a little tending and        
transplanting into a congenial          

environment1 proved the salvation of    
these boys1 who would otherwise have    
thronged the jails of ,england4         
,careful analysis has convinced the     
social scientist that1 in the absence of
 malformation of the brain1 or of some  
other physical defect1 the average man  
is largely made by his environment4 ,as 
serious physical defect is quite rare1  
being present in less than five per     
cent4 of the population2 and as only a  
small percentage of the population1     
perhaps two or three per cent41 is above
 the average in ability1 more than      
nine-tenths of the people remain        
average--shaped by their environment2   
capable of good or of evil1 according as
 the good or evil forces of society     
influence their youth and early         
maturity4  ,the eighteenth century      
philosophers had embodied the same      
conclusion in the doctrine that all men 
are created free and equal4 ,victor     
,hugo1 in the first half of the         
nineteenth century1 based most of his   

inspiring novels on the theory that in  
every man there is a divine spark--a    
conscience--which will be developed by a
 good environment or crushed and        
blackened by a bad one4  ,each year     
added new proofs of the theory of       
universal capacity1 until ,ward was able
 to write his ,applied ,sociology1      
demonstrating that opportunity is the   
key-note of social progress4#af ,for1   
says he1 up to the present time         
nine-tenths of the men1 and ten-tenths  
of the women 7nineteen twentieths of    
society7 have been denied a legitimate  
opportunity for development4 ,grant this
 opportunity1 and at once1 without any  
change in hereditary characteristics1   
you can increase1 nineteen fold1 the    
achievements of society4  ,ward's       
estimate may be or may not be exactly   
correct4 ,his contention that           
universalized opportunity would greatly 
augment social achievement is1 however1 
fundamentally sound4 ,social ,adjustment
 aims1 through the shaping social       

institutions1 to provide every          
individual with an opportunity to secure
 a strong body1 a trained mind1 an      
aggressive attitude1 the power of       
concentration1 and the vision of a goal 
toward which he is working4#ag ,in      
short1 the object of ,social ,adjustment
 is the provision of universal          
opportunity4  ,the dark unfathomed caves
 of ocean bear many a gem of purest ray 
serene4 ,even the most gifted           
individual1 thrown into an adverse      
environment1 will either fail utterly to
 develop his powers1 or else will       
develop them so incompletely that they  
can never come to their full fruition4  
,thomas ,a4 ,edison cast away on an     
island in the ,south ,pacific would be  
useless to his fellows4 ,abraham        
,lincoln1 living among the ,apache      
,indians1 would have left small impress 
on the world4 ,a sculptor1 to be really 
great1 must go to ,rome1 because it is  
in ,rome that the great works of        
sculptured art are to be found4 ,it is  

in ,rome1 furthermore1 that the great   
sculptors work and teach4 ,a lawyer can 
scarcely achieve distinction while      
practicing in a backwoods county court1 
nor can a surgeon remain proficient in  
his science unless he keep in constant  
touch with the world of surgery4 ,i must
 go to the city1 cried a woman with an  
unusual voice4 ,here in the country ,i  
can sing1 but ,i cannot study music4    
,she must1 of necessity1 go to the city 
because in the city alone exists the    
stimulus and the example which are      
necessary for the perfection of her art4
  ,a congenial environment is necessary 
for the perfection of any hereditary    
talent4 ,lester ,f4 ,ward concludes1    
after an exhaustive analysis of         
self-made men1 that such men are the    
exception4 ,that they exist he must     
admit1 but that their abilities would   
have come to a much more complete       
development in a congenial environment  
he clearly demonstrates4  ,the rigorous 
persecution of the ,middle ,ages        

eliminated any save the most daring     
thinkers4 ,men of science1 who presumed 
to assert facts in contradiction of the 
accepted dogmas of the ,church1 were    
ruthlessly silenced1 hence the ages were
 very dark4 ,the nineteenth century1 on 
the contrary1 through its cultivation of
 science and scientific attainments1 has
 reaped a harvest of scientific         
achievement unparalleled in the history 
of the world4 ,men to-day enter         
scientific pursuits for the same reason 
that they formerly entered the military 
service--because every emphasis is laid 
on scientific endeavor4 ,the nineteenth 
century scientist is the logical outcome
 of the nineteenth century desires for  
scientific progress4  ,the environment  
shapes the man4 ,yet1 equally1 does the 
man shape the environment4 ,a high      
standard individual may be handicapped  
by social tradition1 but1 in like       
manner1 progressive social institutions 
are inconceivable in the absence of high
 standard men and women4  ,the          

institutions of a society--its homes1   
schools1 government1 industry--are      
created by the past and shaped by the   
present4 ,institutions are not subjected
 to sudden changes1 yet one generation1 
animated by the effort to realize a high
 ideal1 may reshape the social          
structure4 ,can one conceive of a paper 
strewn campus in a college where the    
spirit is strong8 ,parisians believe in 
beauty1 hence ,paris is beautiful4      
,social institutions combine the        
achievements of the past with the ethics
 of the present4  ,let me see where you 
live and ,i will tell you what you are1 
is a true saying4 ,the social           
environment1 moldable in each           
generation1 is an accurate index to the 
ideals and aspirations of the generation
 in which it exists4     ,,chapter ,,iv 
,,education--,,the ,,science ,,of       
,,individual ,,development   ,eugenics  
provides the hereditary qualities of the
 ,super ,man2 ,social ,adjustment       
furnishes the environment in which these

 qualities are to develop2 there still  
remains the development of the          
individual through ,education1 a word   
which means1 for our purposes1 all      
phases of character shaping from        
birth-day to death-day4  ,the individual
 has been rediscovered during the past  
three centuries4 ,he was known in some  
of the earlier civilizations1 but during
 the ,middle ,ages the place that had   
seen him knew him no more4 ,he was      
submerged in the group and forced to    
subordinate his interests to the demands
 of group welfare4 ,the distinctive work
 of the eighteenth and nineteenth       
centuries has been a reversal of this   
enforced individual oblivion and the    
formulation of a demand for individual  
initiative and activity4 ,the           
individual1 pushed forward in politics1 
in religion1 and in commerce has freely 
asserted and successfully maintained his
 right to consideration1 until the      
opportunities of the twentieth century  
free citizen far exceed those of the    

convention-bound citizen of the middle  
ages4 ,the twentieth century citizen is 
free because he makes efficient choices4
 ,the continuance of his freedom depends
 upon the continued wisdom of his       
choice4  ,the chief objective point of  
modern endeavor has been individual     
freedom of choice4 ,the laissez-faire   
doctrine in commercial relations1       
democracy in politics1 the natural      
philosophy and natural theology of the  
eighteenth century are all expressions  
of a belief in equality4 ,when men are  
made free to choose1 they are placed on 
a basis of equality1 since they have a  
like opportunity to succeed or fail4    
,the man who chooses rightly wins       
success--the man who chooses wrongly    
fails4  ,thus the freedom to choose is  
for the average man a right of          
inestimable value1 because it places in 
his hands the opportunity to achieve4   
,rights do not1 however1 come alone4    
,the freeman is bound in his choices to 
recognize the law that rights are always

 accompanied by duties4  ,each right is 
accompanied by a proportionate          
responsibility--there is no dinner      
without its dishwashing4 ,to be sure1   
you may shift the burden of dishwashing 
to the maid1 and the burden of voting to
 the other fellow1 but the              
responsibility is none the less present4
 ,garbage is still garbage1 even when   
thrown into the well1 and your          
responsibilities1 shifted to the maid   
and the other voter1 return to plague   
you in the form of a servant problem and
 of vicious politics4 ,men who have a   
right to choose have also a duty to     
fulfill1 and this right and this duty   
are inseparable4  ,the eighteenth       
century began the discovery of the      
individual man2 the nineteenth          
century--at least the latter half of    
it--was responsible for the discovery of
 the individual woman4 ,even to-day in  
many civilized lands1 the woman is      
merely an appendage4 ,men innumerable   
write in the hotel register ,john       

,edwards and ,wife1 yet if the truth    
were told they should often write ,jane 
,edwards and ,john ,edwards1 and perhaps
 sometimes ,jane ,edwards and husband4  
,western civilization1 a good unthinking
 creature1 has insisted bravely on the  
development of the individual man1 while
 largely overlooking the existence of   
the individual woman2 yet the studies of
 heredity show very clearly that at     
least as many qualities are inherited   
from the female as from the male4 ,nay1 
further1 since the female is less       
specialized1 the distinctive race       
qualities are inherited from her1 rather
 than from the more specialized male4   
,in short1 the ,super ,man will have a  
mother as well as a father4  ,the fact  
that the average man has as many female 
as he had male ancestors is very        
frequently overlooked4 ,yet it is a fact
 that inevitably carries with it the    
imputation1 that if his ancestors were  
thus equally apportioned1 he must have  
inherited his qualities from both sexes4

 ,therefore1 in the production of the   
,super ,man1 the qualities of the woman 
are of equal importance with the        
qualities of the man4  ,the individual  
is the goal and ,education the means1   
since ,education is the science of      
individual development4 ,through        
,education1 we shall enable the         
individual to live completely4 ,but what
 is complete life8 ,how shall we compass
 or define it8  ,two laws are laid down 
as fundamental in nature--the laws of   
self preservation and of self           
perpetuation4 ,with the development of  
society1 and social relations1 the      
individual must recognize himself1 not  
as an individual only1 but likewise as a
 unit in a social group4 ,hence1 for    
him1 self preservation and self         
perpetuation necessarily involve group  
preservation and group perpetuation4    
,his code of life must therefore        
formulate itself in this wise--  ,,the  
,,objects ,,of ,,endeavor               
,immediate        ,ultimate             

----               ----   ,,individual  
,self ,expression      ,super ,man      
,eugenics   ,,social      ,social       
,adjustment    ,super ,race             
,education  ,the individual1 for self   
preservation1 demands self expression2  
for self perpetuation he demands that   
the standard of his children be higher  
than his own4 ,as a member of the social
 group1 he looks to ,eugenics1 ,social  
,adjustment1 and ,education as the      
immediate means of raising social       
standards1 and the ultimate means of    
providing a ,super ,race4  ,such are the
 abstract ideals--how may they be       
practically applied8 ,how shall the     
individual express1 through ,eugenics1  
,social ,adjustment1 and ,education his 
desire for the development of a ,super  
,race8  ,do you1 sir1 enjoy living in   
the neighborhood of vandals and thieves8
 ,well1 hardly4 ,one could not be       
expected to take so frivolous a view of 
life1 therefore you will in self defense
 take every possible precaution to      

suppress vandalism and thievery8 ,never1
 my dear sir1 never6 ,you must take     
every possible precaution to reduce the 
spirit of vandalism and of thievery4    
,the acts are in themselves             
unconsequential--they are but the       
product of a diseased mind or an        
indifferent training4 ,the spirit1 here 
as elsewhere1 is all important4  ,are   
you a scientist8 ,do you admire ,pasteur
 and ,herbert ,spencer8 ,you are a      
practical man--see what ,edison has done
 for you4 ,as a statesman1 you revere   
,lincoln and ,daniel ,webster4 ,you     
cannot1 as an artist1 overlook the      
portraits of ,rembrandt or the water    
scenes of ,ruysdael4 ,you must agree    
with me that these and a thousand others
 that ,i might mention--men called      
geniuses by their contemporaries or     
their descendants--have contributed     
untold worth to the society of which    
they were a part4 ,they chose rightly4  
,they are looked upon1 and justly1 as   
the salt of the earth4 ,you admit the   

value of geniuses1 in civilization1 and 
you would1 of course1 do anything to    
increase their number8 ,then1 let me say
 to you that the first thing for you to 
decide is that your own children shall  
be neither vandals nor thieves4 ,the    
second thing for you to decide is that  
they shall1 in so far as you are able to
 determine the matter1 possess all of   
your good qualities1 coupled with the   
good qualities which you lack1 supplied 
by an able mate4 ,in short1 you must    
choose your life partner with a view to 
the elimination of anti-social          
tendencies1 on the one hand1 and on the 
other to the development of the         
qualities which distinguish the ,super  
,man4  ,how obvious is this statement1  
yet how haphazard has been the          
production of greatness4 ,only once in a
 generation does a man1 in his choice of
 a wife1 follow the example of ,john    
,newcomb4 ,in a truly scientific spirit 
he enumerated on paper the qualities    
which he possessed2 placed opposite them

 the qualities in which he was lacking2 
and then set out to find the woman who  
should supply his deficiencies4 ,when he
 had located his future helpmeet1       
playing hymn tunes on an organ in a     
little red school house1 and upon       
further acquaintance1 had assured       
himself that she really possessed the   
needed qualities1 he married her1 with  
the determination that their first child
 should be a great mathematician4 ,their
 first child was ,simon ,newcomb1 one of
 the leading astronomers of the         
nineteenth century4  ,john ,newcomb was 
a village school master1 and his wife a 
village maiden1 but in their choice they
 combined two sets of qualities which   
would inevitably produce a ,super ,man4 
,john ,newcomb was a pioneer eugenist4  
,he chose a mate with the thought of the
 future foremost in his mind4  ,too     
often1 however1 the men of parts follow 
the example of the brilliant professor  
who married a social butterfly4 ,why in 
the world did you do it8 asked an old   

friend4 ,oh1 well1 answered the         
professor1 ,i felt that ,i had brains   
enough for both4  ,true1 professor1 but 
according to the ,mendelian law of      
heredity1 those brains of yours will be 
halved in each of your children1 and    
quartered in each of your grandchildren4
 ,why should not the future be at least 
as brilliant as your own generation8    
,human marriage is ordinarily a hit or  
miss affair4 ,men and women1 inspired by
 the loftiest motives1 and animated in  
most matters by supreme good sense1 not 
infrequently grope blindly toward       
matrimony2 often marry uncongenially2   
and finally bring disgrace upon their   
own heads1 and misery upon their        
families4 ,stevenson1 with such         
marriages in mind1 writes to the average
 prospective bridegroom--  ,what6 you   
have had one life to manage1 and have   
failed so strangely1 and now can see    
nothing wiser than to conjoin with it   
the management of some one else's8      
,because you have been unfaithful in a  

very little1 you propose yourself to be 
a ruler over ten cities4 ,you are no    
longer content to be your own enemy2 you
 must be your wife's also4 ,god made    
you1 but you marry yourself2 no one is  
responsible but you4 ,you have eternally
 missed your way in life1 with          
consequences that you still deplore1 and
 yet you masterfully seize your wife's  
hand1 and blindfold1 drag her after you 
to ruin4 ,and it is your wife1 you      
observe1 whom you select4 ,she1 whose   
happiness you most desire1 you choose to
 be your victim4 ,you would earnestly   
warn her from a tottering bridge or bad 
investment4 ,if she were to marry some  
one else1 how you would tremble for her 
fate6 ,if she were only your sister and 
you thought half as much of her1 how    
doubtfully would you entrust her future 
to a man no better than yourself6#ah    
,here1 then1 lies the path of eugenic   
activity for the individual--clear1     
straight1 unmistakable4 ,in the first   
place1 he must never transmit to the    

future any defect4 ,if he has a         
transmissible defect1 he must have no   
offspring4 ,this seems but              
reasonable--an obligation to bring no   
unnecessary misery into a world where so
 much already exists4 ,but the          
individual--free to choose--must go one 
step further1 and in his selection1 must
 seek a mate with the qualities which   
are complementary to his own4  ,looked  
at from the standpoint of society1 there
 is no single choice which compares in  
importance to the choice of a mate2 for 
on that choice depend the qualities     
which this generation will transmit to  
the next1 and from which the next       
generation must create its follower4    
,furthermore1 there is no choice which1 
in modern society1 is more completely   
individual--more freed from social      
interference1 than the choice of a life 
mate4 ,the man in choosing his life     
partner1 chooses the future4            
,civilization hangs expectant on his    
decision4 ,the ,super ,race1 dim and    

indistinct1 may be made a living reality
 by a eugenic choice in the present--a  
choice for which each man and woman who 
marries is in part responsible4 ,with   
the advance of woman's emancipation1    
with the increasing range of her        
activity1 comes an ever increasing      
opportunity to exercise such a choice4  
,she1 as well as the man1 may now assist
 in the determination of the future4    
,she as well as the man may now be held 
accountable for the non-appearance of   
the ,super ,race4  ,does the burden of  
,eugenic ,choice rest heavily upon the  
shoulders of the individual8 ,does he   
hesitate to assume the responsibility of
 the future race8 ,the burden of shaping
 ,social ,adjustments is no less        
onerous4  ,briefly1 then1 what changes  
may the individual make in institutions 
to develop the qualities of the ,super  
,man8 ,the social institutions with     
which the average man comes into the    
most intimate contact are3    #a4 ,the  
,home4   #b4 ,the ,school4   #c4 ,the   

,government4  ,the home as an           
institution must provide for the ,super 
,man enough food1 clothing and shelter  
to guarantee him a good physique2 enough
 training in cooperation and mutual     
helpfulness to give him the vision of a 
,super ,race2 and a supply of enthusiasm
 sufficient to enable him to work with  
increasing energy for the fulfillment of
 those things in which he believes4 ,in 
order that the home may supply these    
things1 it must have an income          
sufficient to provide all of the        
necessaries and some of the comforts of 
life4 ,it must further be dominated by a
 spirit of sympathetic democracy4       
,while the present system of wealth     
distribution is so grotesquely          
unscientific that men are forced to rear
 families on incomes that will not      
provide the necessaries1 to say nothing 
of the comforts1 of life1 no true home  
can be established nor can a ,super     
,race be produced4 ,if the child is an  
asset to the state1 the state should    

support the child1 guaranteeing to it an
 income sufficient to provide for its   
material welfare4  ,why prate of home   
virtue8 ,why discourse learnedly on the 
possibilities of a developed manhood to 
a father earning nine dollars a week8   
,if you can guarantee such a man an     
income of three dollars a week for each 
child1 in addition to the nine dollars  
for his wife and himself1 you may well  
air your views regarding a ,super ,race2
 but until your lowest income is high   
enough to guarantee the necessaries of  
life to a family of five2 or until the  
state guarantees an income to each child
 in its early life1 ,you may as well go 
stand upon the beach and bid the main   
flood bate his usual height1 as to      
demand that a man1 working for          
starvation wages1 provide a home in     
which ,super ,men can be reared4  ,when 
income has been provided2 when there is 
food for every mouth1 warm clothing for 
every back1 enough fuel for winter1 and 
a few pennies each week for recreation1 

then indeed you may begin to speak in   
terms of social improvement4 ,then1 and 
then only1 you may tell the father and  
the mother that upon their efforts      
during the first seven years of their   
children's lives depends the attitude   
which those children will assume when   
they go out into the world2 that the    
home in which tyranny is unknown1 in    
which the family rules the family1 will 
produce the noblest citizens for the    
noblest state2 that the home is still   
the most fundamental institution in     
civilization1 the conservator of our    
ideals1 and visions of the better things
 that are to come in the future--these  
things you may say1 emphasizing the     
fact1 that without a well rounded       
home-training in youth1 even the noblest
 talents cannot come to their full      
fruition4  ,the school is a specialized 
form of home4 ,in early days1 when life 
was simple1 and specialization was      
unknown1 education was given almost     
wholly in the home2 but with the growth 

of specialized tasks1 the home could no 
longer fulfill its function as educator 
and the school was introduced4          
,education1 whether given in the home or
 in the school1 has as its object a     
complete life4 ,the purpose of education
 is to enable the pupil to live         
completely--to be a rounded being1 in   
whatever station he may be called upon  
to fill4  ,would you mold the school to 
fit the needs of the children8 ,then1   
the system of education must be so      
shaped that children are prepared to    
live their lives completely4 ,they must 
understand themselves4 ,know thyself is 
a command worthy of their attention4    
,the child's body1 in the period of     
change from childhood to adulthood1 is  
an organism of the most delicate nature1
 barely reaching adjustment under the   
most auspicious conditions1 and more    
than frequently failing signally from a 
lack of knowledge1 or from the absence  
of sympathetic understanding4 ,the      
child--the father of the man--must be   

taught to appreciate the human machine  
of which he is given charge4 ,it is in  
the school1 with its corps of           
specialists1 that this work can be most 
effectively done4  ,then1 one by one1   
the school may take up and foster the   
qualities of the ,super ,man4 ,physique 
must come first4 ,it is blatant mockery 
to speak of educating minds that dwell  
in anaemic bodies4 ,every boy and girl  
has a right to a strong1 well knit      
frame1 and the school must teach the    
best methods of securing it4 ,mental    
grasp--the power to see and judge a     
situation or combination of facts1 may  
also come through the school4 ,in fact1 
the school course1 as at present        
organized1 aims to secure that and      
little else4 ,as the science of         
education advances1 the same material   
which now comprises the entire course   
will be taught in less time and in wiser
 ways1 so that the child shall be free  
to learn some of those other things so  
important to his soul's welfare4        

,aggressiveness and concentration are   
methods rather than ends1 and can be    
made a part of every game1 every        
competition1 and every study1 so that   
the child absorbs them as he absorbs the
 atmosphere1 without knowing that they  
become a part of his being4 ,whether the
 school can instill sympathy and inspire
 vision is a question that the future   
alone must decide4 ,both may be given by
 individual teachers1 and both may be   
possible to the school1 though1 if the  
home is doing its work1 these things    
will come more effectively there than   
through the school4 ,most or all of the 
essential qualities of the ,super ,man  
can and will come through a well        
organized and properly directed         
educational system4  ,the               
government--providing the machinery of  
state administration1 furnishing the    
school1 the playground1 and the library2
 affording an opportunity for the       
exercise of citizenship and the         
expression of those advancing ideas     

which must gradually remold the social  
institutions of each age in response to 
the demands of the new                  
generation--affords one of the most     
potent forces for the development of the
 ,super ,man4  ,the school is the big   
home2 the government is the big school4 
,the child leaves the home1 and enters  
the school2 leaves the school and enters
 the state4 ,in the home he is acted    
upon2 in the school he1 himself1 begins 
to act2 but in the government he is the 
sole actor--he is the state4 ,a home    
must be higher than the children2 the   
school must be more advanced than the   
pupils2 but the state reflects exactly  
the character of its citizens4 ,it is in
 the state that the ,super ,man1        
crystallizing his convictions and       
beliefs into the form of legislative    
enactments1 must prepare the way for the
 ,super ,race4  ,the ,super ,race is the
 produce of heredity1 of social         
environment1 and of individual          
development4 ,heredity supplies the raw 

material--the individual human being1   
while education and social environment1 
operating upon this raw stuff1 determine
 the course of its development4 ,steel  
is not made from bee's wax1 nor is the  
,super ,man created out of a defective  
heredity4 ,in like manner1 since those  
who are in ,rome do as the ,romans do1  
the raw material1 no matter what its    
quality1 is shaped by its surroundings4 
,the old saying as the twig is bent1 the
 tree's inclined1 should be modified in 
this one particular--the force which    
bends the twig must continue in the     
tree1 else the latter will turn and grow
 toward the sky4  ,the stock of the     
,super ,man will be secured by the      
mating of persons possessing the        
,super-,race qualities2 yet1 reared in  
an unfavorable environment1 these       
qualities cannot produce the highest    
result4  ,neither biologic nor social   
forces are alone adequate to develop the
 ,super ,race4 ,physique1 mental        
capacity1 aggressiveness1 concentration1

 sympathy and vision are the products of
 heredity1 social environment and       
training4 ,the system of human mating   
must be perfected and the status of     
social institutions must be raised in   
order that the individuals produced in  
each generation may attain an additional
 increment of the qualities which will1 
in the end1 produce the ,super ,race4   
,,chapter ,v  ,,the ,,american          
,,opportunity   ,here1 in brief compass1
 are laid down the general principles   
upon which a nation must rely for the   
raising of its standard of human        
excellence4 ,in general1 we are         
convinced that the ,super ,race is      
possible4 ,specifically--and here is the
 next point--there are more             
possibilities for the development of the
 ,super ,race in the ,united ,states    
to-day than there have been in any      
nation of the past2 or than there are in
 any nation of the present4 ,the ,super 
,race is ,america's distinctive         
opportunity4  ,the factors which may    

play so significant a part in           
establishing a ,super ,race in the      
,united ,states are here set down in an 
order which permits of sequential       
treatment--    #a4 ,natural resources4  
#b4 ,the stock of the dominant races4   
#c4 ,leisure4   #d4 ,the emancipation of
 women4   #e4 ,the abandonment of war4  
#f4 ,a knowledge of race making4   #g4  
,a knowledge of ,social ,adjustment4    
#h4 ,a widespread educational machinery4
  ,natural resources are an             
indispensable element in national       
progress4 ,a congenial climate is a     
pre-requisite to social development4 ,no
 permanently successful civilization can
 be erected on the shores of ,hudson    
,bay1 or in the torrid heat of the      
,amazon ,valley4 ,the temperate zones1  
with their variable climate1 and their  
wide range of vegetable products1 seem  
to provide the foundation for the       
successful civilizations of the         
immediate future4 ,no less necessary to 
civilization are harbors for the        

maintenance of commerce2 and an         
abundance of minerals1 the sinews of    
industry2 and most important of all1    
fertile agricultural land4  ,in its     
possession of these natural resources1  
the ,united ,states is unexcelled4 ,its 
climate1 while generally temperate1     
varies sufficiently to give an excellent
 range of products2 harbors and rivers  
are abundant2 forests and minerals are  
scattered everywhere2 and the           
agricultural land1 rich and well        
watered1 is as extensive and as         
potentially productive as any equivalent
 area in the world4 ,so far as natural  
resources provide a basis for a ,super  
,race1 the ,united ,states occupies a   
position of almost unique prominence4   
,the stock of the dominant races may or 
may not be a cant phrase4               
,notwithstanding the effective work done
 by ,ripley in his ,races of ,europe1#ai
 an impression still prevails that      
certain races are1 from their racial    
characteristics1 specially fitted to    

dominate others4 ,woodruff1 in his      
,expansion of ,races1#bj takes this     
view1 strongly urging the claim of the  
northwestern ,european to the           
distinction of world ruler4 ,whether    
race be a matter of supreme or of little
 concern1 in determining the development
 of a ,super ,race1 the ,united ,states 
possesses an admirable blending of the  
western ,european peoples who now occupy
 the dominant position in the commercial
 and military affairs of the world4 ,if 
racial stock be a matter of no          
importance1 it requires no emphasis2 if1
 on the other hand1 it be a significant 
factor in the creation of the ,super    
,race1 then the ,united ,states holds an
 enviable position in its racial        
qualities4  ,thus the raw materials of  
nation building--the natural resources  
and the racial qualities1 are possessed 
by the ,united ,states in generous      
abundance4 ,has our use of them tended  
toward the development of the ,super    
,race8  ,leisure is an opportunity for  

the pursuit of a congenial avocation4   
,it must be carefully differentiated    
from the idleness with which it is so   
often considered synonymous4 ,satan     
still finds mischief for idle hands4    
,the man who idles in leisure time is as
 likely now as ever in the past to find 
himself breaking several of the         
commandments4 ,leisure merely provides  
an opportunity for free choice4         
,unwisely used1 it leads to individual  
dissipation and social degeneracy4      
,wisely employed1 it is a most important
 means for the promotion of social      
progress4  ,most of the great things of 
the world have been done in leisure     
time4 ,a poet cannot create1 nor can a  
mechanic devise1 if he is forced during 
twelve hours each day to struggle for   
the bare necessities of life4 ,a study  
of the lives of those who have made     
notable achievements in art1 science1   
literature1 and diplomacy shows that    
they were free1 for the most part1 from 
the bread and butter struggle4 ,they had

 estates1 they were the recipients of   
pensions1 but they did not submit to the
 soul-destroying monotony of repeating  
the same task endlessly through the long
 reaches of a twelve hour day4          
,primitive society demands the service  
of even its immature members4 ,children 
are adults before their childhood is    
well begun4 ,civilization1 recognizing  
the possibility of self preservation    
through lengthened youth1 has said to   
the child ,play4  ,long youth means long
 life4 ,play time--leisure--for the     
youth is the bone and sinew of a high   
standard maturity4 ,leisure in youth for
 play1 leisure in mature life for       
reflection and creation--these are two  
of the most precious gifts of           
civilization to social progress4  ,the  
,united ,states has led the nations in  
providing opportunity for leisure time4 
,labor saving devices have been brought 
to a higher perfection there than in any
 other part of the world4 ,nowhere are  
children kept longer from assuming the  

responsibilities of adult life2 in few  
countries is the workday shorter for    
adults4  ,probably no other people in   
the world can supply themselves with the
 necessaries of life in so short a      
working time as can the inhabitants of  
the ,united ,states4 ,if every able     
bodied adult engaged for five hours each
 day in gainful activity1 enough        
economic goods could be created to      
provide all the necessaries and many of 
the comforts of life4 ,the leisure      
obtained through ,american industry1 if 
rightly directed1 may provide for every 
child born a thorough education--an     
ample opportunity to express the        
qualities which are latent in him--and a
 thorough preparation for life4  ,the   
emancipation of women is another force  
which may be directed toward the        
improvement of race qualities4 ,women   
bear the race in their bodies2 at least 
half of the qualities of the offspring  
are inherited from them2 as mothers1    
they educate the children during the    

first six years of their lives1 and     
then1 as school teachers and mothers    
they play the leading part in education 
until the children reach the age of     
twelve or fourteen4 ,the youth of the   
race is in women's keeping4 ,they shape 
the child clay4 ,the twig is bent1 the  
tree is inclined by women's hands4  ,the
 emancipation of woman means her        
individualization4 ,both in primitive   
custom and in early law her             
individuality is merged in that of the  
man4 ,wives1 wrote ,paul1 be obedient   
unto your husbands1 for this is the law4
 ,mohammedan women wear veils that they 
may not be seen2 ,chinese women bind    
their feet that they may not escape2 the
 women of continental ,europe spend     
their lives in ministering to the       
comfort of their liege lords4 ,they are 
dependent--almost abject4 ,from such a  
sowing1 what must be the reaping8 ,into 
the hands of these subject creatures1   
men have committed the training of their
 sons4  ,can a corrupt tree bring forth 

good fruit8 ,if women are inferior to   
men1 can they be worthy to train their  
future superiors--their sons8 ,if they  
are of a lower mentality than men1 how  
is it that1 in the school as well as in 
the home1 men have given into their     
hands the power to shape the destinies  
of the race8  ,would you have your sons 
trained by a free man or by a slave8 ,do
 noble civic ideals flow from a citizen 
of a free commonwealth1 or from the     
subjects of a despot8 ,only the woman   
who is a human being1 with power and    
freedom to choose1 may teach the son of 
a free man4 ,emancipation has given to  
women the power of choice4  ,the women  
of ,america have been partially         
emancipated4 ,in some states1 they may  
vote1 sue for divorce1 collect their own
 wages1 hold property1 and transact     
business4 ,everywhere they are filling  
the high schools and colleges2          
participating in industry and entering  
the professions4 ,american women are    
independent beings--distinctive units in

 a great organic society4  ,in so far as
 the qualities of the ,super ,man are   
developed and perfected by the teachings
 of women1 they will be more effectually
 rounded by the emancipated woman than  
by the serf4 ,the mothers of ,america   
are prepared to teach their sons and    
daughters because they have been taught 
to think the noblest thoughts and do the
 strongest things4  ,the abandonment of 
war removes one of the most destructive 
forces of the past1 because war has     
always tended to eliminate the best of  
every race4 ,in the flower of their     
manhood1 the noblest died on the field  
of battle--their lives uncompleted2     
their tasks unfinished--leaving1        
perhaps1 no offspring to bear their     
qualities in the succeeding generation4 
,although the law of nature is the      
survival of the fittest1 ,in the red    
field of human history the natural      
process of selection is often           
reversed4#ba ,the best perish in war1   
leaving the less fit to carry forward   

the affairs of state1 and to propagate4 
,the man who is left holds in his grasp 
the history of the future1#bb and if1 as
 is frequently the case1 he is the one  
least fitted to survive1 the race is    
constantly breeding from the unfit      
rather than from the fit4 ,where the    
human harvest is bad1 the nation must   
perish4 ,so long as war persisted1 so   
long as the best left their bones on the
 battle field1 while the worst left     
their descendants to man the state1 a   
bad human harvest was inevitable4 ,war  
ate into the heart of national vitality 
by destroying the nation's best blood4  
,war1 however1 has practically ceased4  
,the movement for peace1 in which the   
,united ,states1 both by precept and    
practice1 is a leader1 stands as one of 
the signal achievements of the new      
century4 ,the abandonment of war has    
laid a basis for the ,super ,race by    
permitting the most fit to live and to  
hand on their special qualities to      
coming generations4  ,in the ,united    

,states1 as elsewhere in the civilized  
world1 the science of race making has   
recently undergone great development4   
,while the movement began in ,england1  
it has spread rapidly1 until at the     
present time its significance is        
universally recognized by scientists4   
,the principles of artificial selection 
have been applied in the creation of    
vegetable and animal prodigies2 the     
knowledge of biologic and selective     
principles is wide-spread2 and the      
educated men and women of the ,united   
,states generally understand the potency
 of these forces4  ,important steps have
 already been taken to prevent the      
propagation of the unfit4 ,born         
criminals are in some states deprived of
 the power of reproduction2 in most of  
the states1 the marriage of diseased    
persons is prohibited2 here and there   
attempts have been made to prohibit the 
marriage of any suffering from a        
transmissible defect4 ,on the other     
hand1 mentally defective persons are    

being segregated in                     
institutions--guarded against the       
dangers which beset the men and         
particularly the women of weak mind4    
,during the past two decades great      
strides have been made in educating the 
,american public to a higher standard of
 health and efficiency4 ,though the     
science of race making1 as such1 has not
 been given a prominent place in public 
discussion1 the principles on which race
 making is based have formed an         
important element in public education4  
,the desire to make a ,super ,race in   
,america is as yet in its infancy1 but  
the ground has been thoroughly prepared1
 and a foundation laid upon which such a
 super-structure of desire for race     
making can be speedily and effectively  
erected4  ,meanwhile1 the science of    
,social ,adjustment has occupied the    
most prominent place in ,american       
thought4 ,if the ,american people have  
under-emphasized ,eugenics they have    
over-emphasized ,social ,adjustment4    

,from ocean to ocean1 the country has   
been swept1 during the past three       
decades1 by a whirlwind of legislation  
directed toward the adjustment of social
 institutions to human needs4 ,trusts1  
factories1 food1 railroads1 liquor      
selling and a hundred other subjects    
have been kept in the foreground of     
public attention4 ,the ,american people 
might almost plead guilty to adjustment 
madness4  ,from the foundation of the   
earliest colonies1 the basis1 in theory 
at least1 was laid for the development  
of the individual4 ,the colonists       
believed in the worth-whileness of men1 
they lived in an age of natural         
philosophy2 they were the products of an
 effort to secure religious and         
political freedom2 they therefore       
emphasized the individual conscience1   
and the right of the individual to think
 and act for himself4 ,each individual  
was a man1 to be so regarded1 and so    
honored4 ,their new life was a hard one4
 ,nature presented an aspect on the     

rocky1 untilled ,new ,england coast     
different from that in the civilized    
countries of the old world4 ,there was  
but one way to meet these new           
conditions--the individual must carve   
out his own future4  ,throughout the    
,united ,states1 the watchword of the   
people has been opportunity4 ,without   
opportunity1 the people perish--hence   
opportunity must stand waiting for each 
succeeding generation4 ,in the turmoil  
of commercial life1 in the ebb and flow 
of the immigrant tide1 the reality has  
been frequently lost2 yet the ideal of  
opportunity remains as firmly rooted as 
ever4  ,the worth-whileness of men1 the 
social control of the environment1 and a
 free opportunity for the development of
 the individual constitute the basis for
 social advance in the ,united ,states4 
,the ideal is firmly rooted2 the        
possibility of its realization is an    
everpresent reality4  ,with a boundless 
wealth of natural resources2 bulwarked  
by the stock of the dominant races2 with

 abundant leisure2 granting freedom and 
individuality to women2 foregoing war2  
cognizant of the principles of race     
making2 ,social ,adjustment and of      
,education1 the ,american nation is     
thrown into the foreground1 as the land 
for the development of the ,super ,race4
 ,the ,american people have within their
 grasp the torch of social progress4    
,can they carry it in the van1 lighting 
the dark caverns of the future8 ,can    
they develop a race of men who shall set
 a standard for the world--men of       
physical and mental power1 efficient1   
broadly sympathetic1 actuated by the    
highest ideals1 striving toward a vision
 of human nobleness8  ,the answer rests 
with this and the succeeding            
generations4 ,given ten talents of      
opportunity1 are we as a nation worthy  
to be made the rulers over ten cities8  
,provided with the raw stuff of a ,super
 ,race1 can we mold it into ,a mightier 
race than any that has been8 ,the past  
worked with things3 the present works   

with men4 ,we stand at the verge of a   
state of culture1 which will be that of 
the depths1 not1 as heretofore1 of the  
surface alone2 a stage which will not be
 merely a culture through mankind1 but a
 culture of mankind4 ,for the first time
 the great fashioners of culture will be
 able to work in marble instead of1 as  
heretofore1 being forced to work in     
snow4#bc ,bulwarked by this pregnant    
thought1 and assured by ,ruskin that1   
,there is as yet no ascertained limit to
 the noblesse of person and mind which  
the human creature may attain1 we press 
forward confidently1 advocating and     
practicing those measures which will    
create the energy1 mental grasp1        
efficiency1 sympathy and vision of the  
,super ,man and the ,super ,race4       
,footnotes3  #a ,,john ,,ruskin1 ,unto  
this ,last--,essay ,,ii4  #b ,,william  
,b4 ,,yeats1 ,poetic ,works1 ,vol4 ,,ii1
 p4 #djg4 ,macmillan ,co41 ,n4 ,y4  #c  
,,frederick ,,nietzsche1 ,thus ,spoke   
,zarathustra1 pp4 #e-bif4 ,macmillan    

,co41 ,n4 ,y4  #d ,,carl ,,snyder1 ,the 
,world ,machine4 ,new ,york1 ,longmans1 
,green  ,co41 #aijg4  #e ,,prestonia    
,,mann ,,martin1 ,is ,mankind           
,advancing8 ,new ,york1 ,baker  ,taylor 
,co41 #aiaa4  #f ,g4 ,,bernard ,,shaw1  
,man and ,super ,man1 p4 #bah-bai4 ,n4  
,y41 ,brentano's4  #g ,,herbert         
,,spencer1 ,the ,data of ,ethics4 ,para4
 #ig4 ,n4 ,y41 ,d4 ,appleton  ,co41     
#ahic4  #h ,,saml4 ,z4 ,,batten1 ,the   
,redemption of the ,unfit1 ,american    
,journal of ,sociology1 ,vol4 #ad1 p4   
#bdb 7#aiji74  #i ,,francis ,,galton1   
,memoirs of ,my ,life1 p4 #caa4 ,n4 ,y41
 ,e4 ,p4 ,dutton1 #aiji4  #aj ,,arnold  
,,white1 ,efficiency and ,empire1 p4    
#ig4 ,london1 ,methuen  ,co41 #aija4    
#aa ,w4 ,c4  ,c4 ,d4 ,,whetham1 ,the    
,family and the ,nations1 p4 #he4 ,n4   
,y41 ,longmans1 #aiji4  #ab ,,gustave   
,,michaud1 ,shall ,we ,improve ,our     
,race1 ,the ,popular ,science ,monthly1 
,vol4 #gb1 p4 #gg 7#aijh74  #ac ,j4 ,a4 
,,thompson1 ,heredity1 p4 #cca4 ,n4 ,y41

 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons1 #aijh4  #ad   
,,gustave ,,michaud1 ,shall ,we ,improve
 ,our ,race8 ,popular ,science ,monthly1
 ,vol4 #gb1 p4 #gg 7#aijh74  #ae ,j4    
,,arthur ,,thompson1 ,heredity1 p4 #cjh4
 ,n4 ,y41 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons1      
#aijh4  #af ,,lester ,f4 ,,ward1        
,applied ,sociology1 pp4 #bbd-bhb4      
,boston1 ,ginn  ,co41 #aijf4  #ag ,for a
 more complete statement of the problem1
 see ,social ,adjustment1 ,,scott       
,,nearing1 ,new ,york3 ,macmillan       
,company1 #aiaa4  #ah ,,robert ,,louis  
,,stevenson1 ,virginibus ,puerisque4    
#ai ,,wm4 ,z4 ,,ripley1 ,races of       
,europe4 ,n4 ,y41 ,d4 ,appleton  ,co41  
#ahii4  #bj ,c4 ,e4 ,,woodruff1 ,the    
,expansion of ,races4 ,n4 ,y41 ,rebman1 
#aiji4  #ba ,d4 ,s4 ,,jordan1 ,the      
,human ,harvest1 p4 #ed4 ,boston1       
,american ,unitarian ,association1      
#aijg4  #bb ,ibid1 p4 #dh4  #bc ,,ellen 
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